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A short story by Gaither Stewart, Sr. Editor.
Lead weighed heavy on his eyeballs. Countless espressos worn off, their absence dragging him from the peak of his matinal inspiration fast downwards toward oblivion. Toward non-existence. Noonday light filtered through the jungle turned blue. He tried to be rational. The jungle surrounding him beat against his ears. Beat and throbbed. Beat and throbbed. In the shrinking circles of his mind he searched for a hold against the liana. Liana encircled and enveloped and blanketed and cloaked the van … his world. Liana popped around his head and into his deadened mind. Liana omnipresent. Carnivorous liana engulfing and devouring him, too. His breath abandoned his lungs, his eyes lost their vision, rivulets of sweat ran down his neck, time faded and seemed to end.
I had always thought his corporal space was too confining for Pier Paolo. His body was too small to contain him. He needed elbowroom. From the portico I watched his dusty ramshackle van battle its way through the wild vegetation encroaching on the gully-ridden dirt roadway. The Ho Chi Minh Trail, we called it. Branches of spontaneous trees and unidentifiable bushes and thickets and vines slapped against the windshield, then gradually slid away. Framed between his two hands clutching the steering wheel, his reddened face emerged, his face swollen from the August heat and his internal agitation. At the moment he broke free of the jungle assault his bulging burning eyes briefly met mine, concealing his derision and irony.
Slowly Paolo climbed down from the van, his belly drooping over the tight belt holding up his jeans covering skinny bowed legs. Unsmiling he waved a hand at me. He lit a cigarette and, as always, stopped to stare down the valley toward Florence as if measuring the distance he had just covered. He turned back to me, wiped his forehead, pulled at his scraggly chin beard, slapped at his neck spuriously, inhaled deeply and still straight-faced said disinterestedly:
'Qual é la situazione zanzare oggi? What's the mosquito situation today?'
'They're all resting after their last attack early this morning,' I said, fixing on the red veins crossing the bulbs of his eyes. Suspended precariously over red rims his eyes were in fiery contrast with the perennial black circles under them. I thought his blood pressure must have been hovering around 300.
'Paranoico!' he grunted. Paranoid.
As far as he was concerned there were 'only a few' in all of Fiesole. For him the mosquitoes infesting the bushes and woods around the country house, incubating in the pools of stagnant water remaining from forgotten rains and waiting in ambush in the dry fields of olive orchards, were nonexistent. Mosquitoes never touched him. Or he ignored them as he did most of nature. Though he claimed to love dogs and cats and occasionally stopped to pet one or the other, he seemed in general impervious to the flora and the fauna.
As far as he was concerned, I thought, the spontaneous jungle from which he had just emerged did not exist.
While Pier Paolo put on the water for pasta, I poured the Chianti and began setting up the chessboard under the portico. On the days he returned to his house on the hill for lunch we would start the game while the water boiled. Afterwards he would need very few of his lightning moves to checkmate me. He had held the Fiesole championship for the last three years. Losing, I hoped to absorb some of his mastery.
After two years in a commune and three years working with spastics, this summer Pier Paolo had returned to carpentry. He shared a workshop with a friend down in Florence in the workers' district of San Frediano where they made on order country style, manually operated spinning wheels. Nights, this year, he was working on a complex invention—a keyboard with which spastics could type on their computers with their feet.
"Shall I slice the tomatoes?" I asked, knowing his answer in advance.
"I'll do it." He didn't trust my cut. Not that Pier Paolo was a great cook but his summer speciality of fresh tomatoes, sliced just so, spread over the spaghetti, was my favorite dish. We ate it every second day that summer while our wives spent their days at a swimming pool complex in the hills in the direction of Bologna.
His grunts and curt answers were deceptive. He didn't make the drive up the Fiesole hill just because I was a summer guest. He felt no obligation toward me his brother-in-law. Not at all. Some days he didn't come at all. I knew where he was those days too. But Pier Paolo welcomed the chance to eat pasta and drink wine and play chess under the portico without the presence of his wife who always seemed a reminder of his failure as a husband and provider, of his shortcomings in day-to-day life.
Though they adored him, his parents and his wife expected more of him. His friends expected more of him. One expected more expressions of his genius. And more rewards, too.
No matter how one looked at his situation, Pier Paolo just didn't live up to expectations.
By normal standards Pier Paolo could be considered a failure in life. A law school drop-out. A list of abandoned jobs and firings behind him. A life of quick enthusiasms and sudden apathy. A reluctant husband—he'd only married to satisfy his parents. No children, and according to my sister-in-law, Lalla, he had little interest in sex.
Lacking any sense at all of possession of anything or anyone, Pier Paolo was at the same time a total egoist. He was both totally generous and totally egocentric. His head was elsewhere. In the clouds, one said. A dreamer. His inventions of things already invented were legion. He had devoted weeks to making by hand a wooden airplane, an upside down plane, wings in the back and tail fins in the front, a blue yellow red purple airplane never seen before—it was hanging from the kitchen ceiling. Meanwhile he was an unstoppable talker, polemical on every possible subject, banal or otherwise—Was the pasta al dente or overdone? Was it closer to Bologna or to Arezzo? Did the city of Florence really care about its disabled youth? Was Italy's government a democracy or a dictatorship?—in any discussion he was capable of unbridled fits of anger that then sputtered and ended as suddenly as they had exploded.
Pier Paolo was—how can I say it?—he was both loveable and unbearable. Sometimes you just had to get up and leave and try to put him behind you. Not as easy as it sounds for he was somehow always present, either in his expansive physical self or his invasive spirit—if he was not present in the country house on the hill of Fiesole, he was certainly the chief topic of conversation.
'This is the life,' I said, as we ate his pasta al pomodoro.
These were good days. My favorite vacation. No mad autostrade for us. No packed beaches and Apennine mountain paths as crowded as Central Park on Sunday morning.
Pier Paolo was silent.
The cloudless sky rose borderless, limitless, endless. The hills around spread like a spider's web, rolling down to Firenze below, another chain climbing toward the north to Settignano, Montebeni and Vincigliata, speckled by white and pastel villas with red tile roofs and olive and fruit orchards on their flanks and pines and cypresses on their crests. The sudden barking of dogs and the multiple responses echoing through the hills, the sound of a flute from across the highroad, the rasping of a motorcycle, the audible sagging of vines under the weight of ripened grapes hanging from the roof, the chatter of rabbits from behind the barn, and again dead silence before a single shot shattered the hillside peace.
'The women at the pool and we on top of the world's most beautiful hill,' I insisted. 'The people who've always lived up here know a thing or two. Some people just seem to know how to live.'
'Fortunate the man who doesn't have to learn to live,' Pier Paolo muttered, lighting a cigarette before finishing the pasta. 'Spoiled as I was once, my parents thought everything was arranged for me.'
'You're lucky. That left you more time for real things.'
'No, no!' he said, his wild eyes bulging from their sockets, his face still on fire. He puffed at his cigarette and inhaled deeply. 'I even had to learn to despair … like an autistic child.'
'You learned well,' I said facetiously. 'Look at you now!'
'They wanted me to be at ease. Carefree. It was their serenity that was so frustrating, their sincerity toward life. Early on I was at ease … but dissatisfied. I was just my father's son. I didn't love. Until one day … well, until everything changed. And I came to want desperation.'
'Still it seems you always do the right things.' I pushed aside the plates and positioned the chessboard between us. It was my turn to play with white.
'You're dead wrong. My life is a calvary. 'My only hope is to die young,' he said, the familiar faraway look in his suddenly calmed eyes. 'I'll die from my obsessions.'
'Absurd,' I said and opened as always with the king's pawn. I looked up at him and in that moment I seemed to see straight into his life as never before.
'That might be,' he said, and moved his king's knight to threaten my pawn, which constituted the substance of the rest of the game—his black pieces threatening my white wherever they might be. That was his winning system. 'They asked me again to join them. Fulvio … and the others. They want to resurrect what died years ago.'
'You mean his gang of would-be terrorists?'
I moved my pawn forward, foolishly trying to menace him. Without a thought he flipped his knight to the side where it would sit like a hawk ready to swoop down on any enemy pawns venturing into his territory.
'I said no just as I did fifteen years ago. I still wonder if I did wrong. The River Arno is still polluted. We're producing garbage faster than they can find secret places in the south to dump it. The Fascists run things. The city has no money for social problems. And now, what with the whole town occupied year round by tourists—they're even up here in Fiesole—a little bit of home-made terrorism might chase them away.'
'Beccati questo! Take this,' I said and moved my king's bishop to threaten his knight. Without blanching he brought out his queen's knight and looked at me expectantly. I didn't know what to do then … his power was already advancing … he had two devious knights ready to pounce … I had nothing.
Pier Paolo once told me he loved chess because it was so different from life. In chess one false move ruins you. In life the hardest part is knowing exactly where you went wrong. Can you ever look back and pinpoint the moment you erred? Can you see clearly where you took the wrong turn? It's difficult enough to discern starting points but impossible to establish turning points. Yet he still wondered if there was not always one great error, some misdeed, where we go wrong? An error that then conditions our lives? That then never releases us? And in retrospect are we not aware that it might have been otherwise? He said it was not mere rhetoric but a matter of conscience. The conscience of human beings that separates us from animal beings. And that makes us need to be extraordinary. His aim was to leave his mark. And that, I knew, was his terror and his torment.
Meanwhile, the surreptitious move of a pawn here, the unexpected dash of a rook the length of the board, and he suddenly had all his power up front—both knights, his bishops posed strategically as diagonal threats, and his queen waiting patiently to strike. I viewed my muddled army—troops disorganized, chaotic, here one pawn behind the other, there a bishop blocked behind my own knight. Casually Pier Paolo began picking off my pawns, the other knight, an unawares rook. In the end he checked me simultaneously with both his queen and a bishop.
'Bobby Fisher' he muttered … and named his Russian opponent.
Where was it? he wondered. The right word. No, not the word! The right action. The right thing. The right color. Shards of colored lights were glittering and glimmering and shimmering. The green of human vision. The celeste of the sky. The white of innocence. Like her eyes glittering in the lamplight. She wanted more of life. Why not more? Why couldn't he give more? She didn't understand the liana when he told her. She could never understand the threat. Or his fear. Liana on Fiesole, everyone asked? Liana on Fiesole. Man-eating liana in his mind. The Fiesole sounds he heard too. The sound of the gate. Clack, clack, clack. The gate he'd built for the dogs. In and out, in and out of the barn. The hinges rusted. It was the dogs. The breeze. Light breezes from the hills of the Via Bolognese. Cypresses waving. Breezes calling across the hills. Olive orchards, villas, the old highway … and the woman. She was calling, calling, calling. From the hills of the Via Bolognese, she was calling.
Fulvio terrorist had said, 'Join us!' He said, no! To political activists today, he said no! To the movements, he said no! Now he only talked a life. But he had his dreams. Night and day he dreamed. He passed easily from dream to dream. Dreams of words and action and power and violence and colors and lights … and her eyes.
Pier Paolo was staring across the hills. I knew what it meant. Her name was Isabel. Peruvian, an artist who painted graceful children. Isabel lived on the Via Bolognese. From time to time he had told me that she was usually half nude. Topless, he said. She showed off her breasts. Her brown brown breasts. Pier Paolo said it was her insecurity and her maternal instinct. She liked to hear that. He said her topless life style was her art; she painted graceful children, full of grace and innocence.
Fulvio had told me Isabel was very active sexually, with or without him—she drove him to the limits. And to desperation. We all thought that was the reason Pier Paolo was crazed. Apparently at first he had treated her like a daughter—she came to their house in Fiesole, he and Lalla talked about her freely, she was like one of the family.
That was until one day when they were all lunching under the portico she insisted on taking off her shirt. Then it became incest. He was obsessed. His incestuous obsession, Pier Paolo called it.
I stared at Pier Paolo staring toward the Via Bolognese. He was again ablaze. His face reminded me of the time some years back at Saturnia. We were all burned that day at the hot springs—the August sun and the sulphur waters. Pier Paolo who avoids the sun like the plague was on fire, his eyes white, his lips purple. After drinks in the village café he started across the street, stopped in the middle and held his hand to his heart, a stricken look of terror on his flaming face. I rushed to him with a chair from the café. I can still see him sitting there in the middle of the street, an occasional car passing us in both directions—burned by sun and sulphur, immobile, terrorized, his hand posed on his pounding breast, he is looking up at me as if to ask if his time is already up. It was surprising because of his usual scorn for death—he didn't care, he said, his two plus packs of cigarettes each day, his high blood pressure, his defiance of doctors.
'You thinking of going to Bologna?' I said, trying to disguise any unintentional irony in my voice. 'You keep looking that way.'
'Se tu solo sapessi! If you only knew! But I can't. I can't. Just look at me!' His ballooned eyes white, he took a long drink of wine, threw away his cigarette and lit another. 'And to do what?'
None of this story was secret. Everybody in the household on Fiesole knew about his fixation on Isabel. Pier Paolo's parents knew. His mother-in-law, that is, Lalla's and my wife's mother, or, la nonna as we all called her, knew. We all knew about Pier Paolo and Isabel. We knew the ups and downs. We knew about his hang-ups. And he knew we knew. There were no more secrets about Isabel than about the man Pier Paolo called Lalla's fiancé. There was no embarrassment when Pier Paolo answered the phone and called Lalla—'It's your fiancé!' he would say, not only without irony but with no attempt to mask the joy he felt that she had someone.
Telephones were important in the house on the hill of Fiesole. The howling dogs and screeching cats and rumbling motorcycles on the highroad, and the rustling of the expanding and swelling and lengthening liana on the Ho Chi Minh trail. And the telephone calls from and to their respective fiancés.
La nonna, who detested Pier Paolo for what he was and for taking away her Lalla, said he was a frocio, that is, a queer. She was convinced that Fulvio was his lover. So if she answered the phone and it was Fulvio, she would call out to Pier Paolo: 'It's your fiancé.'
Liana! A parasite incapable of supporting its own weight. It roots in the ground and creeps around tree trunks and branches. With little seed reserves of its own, liana develops great stalk extensions. Thread-like and weak, to survive it has to cling to other plants with its almost extraneous roots or its organs of connection or its long branches. Liana has an exceptional capacity for lengthening. Its stalks and stems and tentacles take on odd forms and shapes, like tapes or spirals, corresponding to the anomalies in its whole anatomic structure—its twisting and its torsions within its impenetrable mass. Its habitat is the rain forest. So what is it doing here, Pier Paolo wondered? He remembered that unlike other plants liana is half uprooted. It does not want to stay in one place. It wants more. Nature, he thought, is the antithesis of man. The divine is in man, not in nature which is neither good nor evil—or is it? The divine in man is in a battle with nature, against its meaninglessness. Man—ever searching for meaning. Is man's mission to destroy unfeeling nature?
Early the next morning from under my window I heard the chain saw and the sounds of thrashing and hacking and cutting mixed with his grunts and oaths. A rush of the saw and his muttered 'porca Madonna' that la Nonna detested and condemned Pier Paolo to hellfire for. I knew it was him.
Marisa next to me was in the dead of her night. The household was quiet. I crept to the window and looked down at him. Bare to the waist Pier Paolo was surrounded by piles of hacked and torn and uprooted vines and creepers and stalks and tree branches; yet he seemed to have advanced no more than about a meter in his attack on the Ho Chi Minh trail. His arm holding the saw was pointed toward a spontaneous tree engulfed by liana hanging over the roadway. He looked up at me, his face flushed and a crazed smile on his purple lips.
'Porca Madonna!' he said. 'Nature is winning. It has eyes … it's watching me. Its mouth is watering.'
'I'll come down and help,' I said softly.
'No need,' he said. 'Mi arrendo. I surrender.'
He turned the saw on anyway and waved it half-heartedly toward the tree victim before dropping his arm and walking away from the battle scene, the saw still whirring away.
Shortly afterwards I heard him on the downstairs phone. 'Who is it?' Lalla called from the next room. 'His fiancé,' la nonna said from down the hall. 'I'm not coming to work,' Pier Paolo was saying. 'I'm too sick.'
Lalla groaned, 'Not again!'
Everyone knew what that meant. Pier Paolo was again taking to bed as he did every three or four months. Sometimes for days and weeks he lived in pyjamas. Lying in his upstairs room or on the couch in the living room watching TV around the clock. He would watch everything with equal interest, as if he were a just arrived New Guinean aborigine. He watched quiz shows, talk shows, reality shows, cooking and gardening shows, travelogues about Zanzibar or the Caribbean he so loved, soap operas, and all the advertising spots and TV sales, the vilest, the very worst, the pit of television. And all the while smoking and waiting to be served his meals. Then all of a sudden it would end—he would get up, take a shower, dress, and drive down to Florence to see his mother.
'What's up?' I asked when that afternoon I found him stretched out on the couch, a cigarette in his hand and an overflowing ashtray and the wireless phone on his stomach. He was following a women's talk show about lovers, jealousy and separation.
'Il male non esiste. Evil does not exist,' he said, just like that, matter-of-factly, without taking his eyes off the screen.
'Why do you say that?'
'Those dogs howling out there aren't evil. Nor are people evil, deep-down. They're just mislead … or they forget they're good.'
'Do you want to play chess?' I said, trying to change the subject.
'I'm dissatisfied but I'm not unhappy. So I try to create a little evil around me so someone will get mad … and then I can be unhappy.'
He looked up at me standing over him and asked, 'Does sex disturb you?'
When I said sometimes, he said that it gnawed away at him, that it was always there.
That same evening just before dinner we were pleasantly surprised when he rose from the couch, took his shower, dressed and left—we all knew, for the Via Bolognese.
'Thank God!' Lalla said.
'Off to his fiancé,' la Nonna said.
Where to go? Images, visions, shadows and reflections flashed for an instant across his eyes and in one bolt vanished, he knew irretrievable and absolute. Briefly they existed … as reality. Oh, to be able to decelerate the tempo, the march of time, to reach out and pluck the images and reflections like fruit. To have a season. Oh, the torment of images! A day of his time. A winter's day of time. A muffled horn from the highroad in the early morning. A light flickering in the fog. The rush through the moaning liana. The blue neon at the bar in San Domenico where he breakfasted. The old woman selling chestnuts on Piazza della Signoria. The apartment houses along the Arno south of Ponte Vecchio. His own reflection in the rain-splattered window of the shop in San Frediano. And then: the stillness of the room when she sleeps. In the evening snow falling on Fiesole. The valley before the Via Bolognese. A day of time. The images were his. Beauty, romance and mystery. Sadness, pain and fear.
It was the fear. The fear in his guts. Trembling fears. Pier Paolo held up a hand to the windshield to observe his trembling. It ran up his arm to his shoulders and down his spine. It was alive. Fear was an animal. So uncontrollably animal-like, anti-human. He knew he was right not to trust nature.
But instinct, he wondered? Can I not trust instinct as always? As in chess where instinct seldom betrayed him. He twisted his hand and clenched and unclenched a fist and recalled the tournament years before when he first won the championship. It was the decisive move—to sacrifice his knight or his bishop? The dilemma. Reason told him to give up the knight in case his plan backfired. His instinct said sacrifice the bishop and strike home for the checkmate. His instinct was right.
Now Pier Paolo observed his trembling hand and knew instinct had deserted him.
Isabel was waiting on the rear terrace facing Fiesole. The scene was so very familiar. Isabel—tanned, long-legged, a purple flower in her long hair, barefoot, topless. On her easel, a nude girl child with a purple flower in her hair, a chain of small white flowers around her neck, long tanned legs.
She put down her brush, wiped her hands, stood up and took him by the hand.
'Come,' she said.
Stretched out beside Isabel on the wide multi-colored couch in the living room looking out onto the terrace looking out to the valley toward Fiesole, Pier Paolo felt the chaos pressing at his throat like the tentacles of liana. It was the hills of oppressive nature. A confrontation. Fiesole on one hill looking out to the Via Bolognese. The Via Bolognese on another hill looking out at Fiesole. Was that all? Was it all the same? With one hand he stroked her breasts but he felt only the bright Peruvian colors under them. And around them. The colors assailed his senses. When Isabel pushed at his pants he thought of the carnivorous liana. Sweat rolled down from under his armpits. He felt himself shrinking.
'Isabel!' Pier Paolo said.
'Again!' Isabel said.
He stood up and pulled her to her feet.
She started to put on a shirt. He stopped her.
Though it was dark he drove without lights. Down the hill from the Via Bolognese, up and down several lower hills, before the final climb up to San Domenico and Fiesole. The heat pressed around them. Lightning bugs flittered in the bush when they turned off the highroad onto the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Bats rose from scattered roofs here and there. Both van windows were open when they entered the bush.
The night was hot and humid, the hottest in decades, perhaps in centuries. TV weathermen spoke of an exceptional heat wave from North Africa. I turned on the fans, closed hermetically doors and windows, sprayed and put on various anti-mosquito apparatuses. All evening meteorologists continued explaining the dramatic changes in world climate. Hotter summers, colder winters. Sweltering days and nights in Scandinavia and Scotland and Ireland. The glaciers were melting, sea levels rising. Palms and other tropical plants were reported in Milan in the north, and in the Tessin in southern Switzerland, and were beginning their ascent upwards toward the Inn valley. One felt the jungle pressing.
La Nonna shrugged and said she was cold anyway. Lalla and my wife were gradually stripping while I huddled near the electric anti-mosquito appliance pumping its noxious fumes into the living room. The noise of the electric fans, the TV and the usual chatter blotted out everything else and isolated us from the dangerous world outside.
In a bizarre atmosphere of threat and foreboding the whole household retired. Pier Paolo had not returned. No one really expected him. When I looked out our bedroom window, an out-of-season misty rain was falling. Humidity must have been one hundred per cent.
The early morning sky was a heavy leaden gray. When I opened the window the air felt like Panama City in the afternoon. Automatically I looked toward the Ho Chi Minh Trail as if expecting Pier Paolo to arrive at any moment. For a moment I thought I saw a movement in the bush. Or a light trying to penetrate through the green. Or it was a reflection. Like a neon sign blinking on and off, faintly, faintly, but a beacon, a call. I don't know why but I read a Morse SOS.
I crept down the stairs and outside. Silence reigned. Not even the dogs were barking. No movement on the highroad. I felt the strange living presence of the jungle. It seemed to have advanced since yesterday. The branches and tentacles Pier Paolo had cut had vanished.
I stopped at the wall of the green mass. What I had seen as a reflection had become a mere shadow. I seemed to hear a rattle, and a rush, inside the bush, on the trail, among the liana. Hesitantly I parted the first tentacles that during the night had enveloped the road in its clutch. I advanced against raw nature.
The reflection or the light that had become a shadow soon transformed into a solid object. The earth was mushy beneath my feet. Mosquitoes swarmed over me. A bulk began materializing before me. Stems and branches and tentacles of crazily convoluted liana wound round and round it. At knee level a light shone faintly. I was now standing in water. I knew. I leaned forward and saw bits of windows. I knew what it was. I knew what I would find inside. I ripped and pulled at the liana. It resisted. I became frantic and yanked and jerked at the tenacious vines. When the side of the van was cleared, I pressed my face into the gaping hole of the window and peered into the darkened interior.
Liana tentacles had invaded the interior. The two figures too were convoluted together with nature. One was atop the other, wrapped into one package. Pier Paolo had said that liana is deceptive. A carnivorous species tends to first cling to its object as if in adoration, and then devours it.
As my eyes adjusted to the near darkness, I could barely make out only the exposed form of a female breast.
The end.
Senior Editor Gaither Stewart is also The Greanville Post's European correspondent. His latest novel, The Fifth Sun, was just published by Punto Press. Stewart's Europe Trilogy, of which two volumes have been published to date (also by Punto Press), focus their plots on the web of intrigue and artificial political tension created by Western intelligence services and militaries, in an effort to encircle and cripple Russia.


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Adjusting to changes in life can result in emotional ups-and-downs that interfere with an individual reaching his/her life goals. Psychotherapy is a process of exploring one's values, life circumstances, and emotions. By increasing your understanding of self, relationships, and other important factors, the goal is to improve overall quality of life. Therapy is tailored to your needs and specific goals and can focus on the individual, couple, or family. Your therapist will utilize various evidence based treatment strategies.
Psychotherapy goals include the following:
- Adjustment to injury or medical conditions
- Improving emotional regulation
- Social skills development
- Managing excessive stress and/or tension
- Improving communication skills
- Wellness and personal growth
- Dealing with difficult life decisions
In summary, the goal of psychotherapy is to facilitate positive change in individuals seeking better emotional and/or social functioning to improve quality of life and overall satisfaction.

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The headers defined in this specification must be registered with IANA. See permanent [1] managed by IETF under RFC 3864 [2]. Ideally, this specification would have gone to IETF, but it looks like this WG has defined that there is no problem in going ahead with the work in W3C. Nikunj [1] http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html [2] http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3864.txtReceived on Monday, 20 October 2008 15:32:57 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Friday, 27 October 2017 07:26:12 UTC


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Mapping Current Events
This series is designed to teach you about our legal structure in the context of current political events. Go deeper, past news articles, with this infographic.
This map's topic is Housing in the Supreme Court.
This page takes you through the Supreme Court's consideration of a housing discrimination case (Bank of America, et al. v. Miami).
See the map below and the introductory blog post here. If you haven't already, check out the basic map explained, so you can understand why we organized the information this way.
housing in the supreme court
introduction to the case
Miami (the city) sued Bank of America and Wells Fargo. Miami said the banks were discriminating in their lending practices. The banks responded, wait a second, before we even get started with this case, the law that you say I'm breaking wasn't meant for you, City of Miami. It was meant for people that were discriminated against, or maybe for some groups of people, but not a city. Not so fast, Miami argued. The Fair Housing Act was meant for anyone harmed by discriminatory housing practices. When you give mortgages to people on unfair terms, I suffer because repossessed homes lower property values, which means I get less tax revenues. You're also frustrating my efforts to have a racially integrated city. The banks made a second argument: these injuries you claim are too indirect, and I can't be held responsible.
The first court, the federal district court (see federal court hierarchy), agreed with the banks and dismissed Miami's case. When Miami appealed, the next court, the appeals court, went the other way. The appeals court said Miami was right - that the city could in fact sue using the Fair Housing Act, and that it's possible, if what Miami claims did happen, that the harm was not too indirect. The banks could be responsible. So, the case needs to go to a full trial in the original court.
The banks, however, put the trial on hold again while they appealed to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court accepted to hear the case. See the Court's analysis as it fits into the structure of our government (Constitution, federal branches, and state governments). In the end, the Court decided in favor of Miami (for the most part).
the constitution
The Constitution was not considered in this case, but a couple principles from the Constitution were.
One principle is Equal Protection (that all people should be treated equally, or, put another way, that discrimination is not allowed). The Constitution prohibits the state and federal governments from taking discriminatory actions, but the Constitution does not prohibit private parties, like corporations, from discriminating. That is done by legislation. One of the major accomplishments of the civil rights movement was getting Congress to pass a law prohibiting private parties from discriminating. See the Legislative column (below, left) for a discussion of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the relevant law in this case.
The Constitution also contains a principle that limits the cases that can be brought in federal court. That principle is "Standing." Not just anyone can sue. The plaintiff must "stand" in relation to the illegal practice in a particular way. Some of the Standing requirements come from the Constitution, but the one in this case comes from the legislation. See the Fair Housing Act's "right of action" provision (Legislative column) and the "Zone of Interests" discussion (Judicial column) for the Standing analysis in this case. For more information on Constitutional Standing requirements, see our publication on bringing a case in federal court.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 contains the Fair Housing Act (FHA).
The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in the sale or rental of housing. That includes housing financing by banks. In Bank of America et al. v. Miami, the City of Miami claimed that Bank of America and Wells Fargo had been discriminating against minorities because the banks had targeted people in minority neighborhoods (predominantly African American and Latino) for loans with terms that were worse than those the banks offered to non-minority borrowers.
The Fair Housing Act is published in Title 42 of the United States Code. Title 42 is Public Health and Welfare.
Here are the parts of the FHA that Miami needed to make its case against the banks:
Section 3604(b)
It shall be unlawful to discriminate against any person in the terms, conditions, or privileges of sale or rental of a dwelling, or in the provision of services or facilities in connection therewith, because of race, color, religion, sex, familial status, or national origin.
Section 3605(a)
It shall be unlawful for any person or other entity whose business includes engaging in residential real estate-related transactions to discriminate against any person in making available such a transaction, or in the terms or conditions of such a transaction, because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, familial status, or national origin
Section 3605(b) defines "residential real estate-related transactions" to include the making or purchasing of loans or providing other financial assistance.
The FHA also includes a "right of action," i.e. the right to bring a lawsuit:
Section 3613(a) Civil Action
(1) An aggrieved person may commence a civil action in an appropriate United States district court or State court . . . to obtain appropriate relief with respect to such discriminatory housing practice or breach.
The Definitions Section 3602 tells us that "person" includes entities like the City of Miami:
"Person" includes one or more individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations, labor organizations, legal representatives, mutual companies, joint-stock companies, trusts, unincorporated organizations, trustees, trustees in cases under title 11, receivers, and fiduciaries.
To recap:
The essential elements for this case:
Illegal Act (a violation of the Act by the banks)
Harm (that the City of Miami was harmed)
Standing (that the City of Miami qualifies as an "aggrieved person," which means it has the right to sue)
Causation (causal connection between the banks' illegal practice and the harm caused to the City)
In this case, the banks take issue with (3) and (4). That does not mean the banks agree to the other elements. These are preliminary arguments that the bank made to try to stop the trial from happening.
For the Standing argument (that the City of Miami does not qualify as an aggrieved person), see the Judicial column.
For the Causation argument (that the harm alleged was too indirectly related to the banks' actions), see the Judicial column ("Proximate Causation").
president and Executive agencies
The president and executive agencies are not involved directly with this case. Generally, though:
The Department of Housing and Human Services (HUD) is the federal agency responsible for ensuring the Fair Housing Act is administered correctly. HUD makes rules to specify how certain provisions of the FHA should be interpreted. For example, in 2013, HUD issued a rule clarifying what constitutes discrimination under the Fair Housing Act. This rule is outside of the scope of the analysis of Bank of America v. Miami, but you can read more about the rule and litigation relating to the rule here.
federal courts
Statutes like the Fair Housing Act define a lot rules, but it's not always clear exactly what Congress meant. That's why we need the courts. Courts have to decide precisely how cases fit into a statute.
The Banks' Arguments:
Argument 1, Standing: Miami is not in the "Zone of Interests" envisioned under the Fair Housing Act.
When the Fair Housing Act was created, did Congress envision a city bringing a lawsuit? Or did Congress intend only for a person (like a minority or someone with a disability) who suffered more directly from housing discrimination to sue?
Check out the "right of action" provision of the FHA (in the Legislative column). It says that an "aggrieved person" can sue. Who is aggrieved by a discriminatory lending practice?
The Rule: The Supreme Court has decided that the right to sue is granted "only to plaintiffs whose interests fall within the zone of interests protected by the law invoked."
The Analysis: To determine this, the Court analyzes the legislation to decide whether it intended for the plaintiff to bring the claim. This is not the first time the Supreme Court has looked at the "zone of interests" in the Fair Housing Act.
In an early case, Trafficante v. Metropolitan life Insurance Co. (1972), the Supreme Court decided that Congress intended the Fair Housing Act to have a broad "zone of interests," i.e. to allow a broad set of people/entities to sue for violations of the Act.
A few years later, the Supreme Court decided a case that turned out to be very relevant to this one. In Gladstone, Realtors v. Village of Bellwood (1979), the Supreme Court was asked to decide whether a local government, the Village of Bellwood, was in the FHA's "zone of interests" so that the village could sue because it suffered as a result of discrimination. Further, the village was claiming the same type of harm as Miami in this case: loss of tax revenues and undermining of the local government's efforts toward racial diversity. The Court allowed the village to bring the lawsuit.
Lastly, the Court considered Congressional action related to the FHA after these two cases were decided. In 1988, Congress amended the Fair Housing Act. Being aware of several rulings (like the two above) allowing a broad "zone of interests," Congress decided not to change the FHA language or to tighten the interpretation.
The Decision: The Supreme Court decided based on the factors above that the City of Miami is in the Fair Housing Act's "zone of interests" and can bring the lawsuit.
Argument 2, Proximate Causation: Miami's injuries were not closely enough related to the banks' actions.
The courts cannot be available for harms that are too remote. If we allow people to sue based on a very indirect effect, the courts would be too jammed. But how far is too far?
The Rule: Causation under the Fair Housing Act must have "some direct relation between the injury asserted and the injurious conduct alleged."
The Analysis: The Court made a few notes about causation.
That the housing market is closely related to the economy and housing actions may cause ripples far and wide. You can't allow just anyone touched by a ripple to sue because that would result in "massive and complex damages litigation."
- That the determination should go "one step" away, and that step should be determined based on the type of litigation the statute created.
The Decision: The Court decided it would not determine the precise boundaries of Proximate Causation, i.e. it would not say how far is too indirect, when it comes to suing for an injury caused by housing discrimination. It told the lower courts to define Proximate Causation under the FHA, using the stated pieces of guidance.
Final result of the case: Miami can continue its case against the banks, but it depends on the lower court deciding if Miami's harms are too remote.
state governments
The state governments are not involved directly with this case. Generally though:
State and local governments must comply with the Fair Housing Act. They may not discriminate in housing-related activities.
States may make laws prohibiting discrimination in housing that are more stringent than the Fair Housing Act, as long as the state laws do not conflict with the U.S. Constitution. For example, New Jersey has imposed an affirmative obligation on all towns in the state to provide a certain amount of affordable housing. See here for more information on the "Mount Laurel Doctrine," which combats economic discrimination.
Also note:
As this case determined, a local government (a city) can use the FHA to challenge a discriminatory housing practice if the city is harmed directly enough.


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Friday, May 13, 2016
What I'm Reading This Week - Travel Edition
So you'll see a recurring theme in my links of...
5 Google Trip-Planning Tricks That Beat Any Travel Agent (In case you need a place to start)
20 Ultimate Things to Do in Paris (Definitely some ideas I'd never heard of before)
Stand-up paddleboard your way through Kauai's Hanalei River (Can't wait!)
A Taste of Charleston: What To Do, Drink, and Eat in 48 Hours (Man I miss that place. Truly one of the most beautiful places ever)
Hell is in Michigan, and the Town is for Sale (We've actually been here! It was a cute little side stop. I'd love to own it. Anyone got a mill I can borrow? I'll make you mayor!)
Travel liars, pants on fire (I'll admit I thought about doing this when I was over 400 lbs and flew but pride and common decency prohibited it, thankfully. Too bad others don't have the same.)
Wherefor Shows Where You Can Travel Based on Your Budget (Cool idea!)
The best ways to travel the world for free (Pretty awesome if you're up for something non-traditional!)
The infuriating rule American Airlines won't tell you about until it's too late (Wow, really good to know!)
How to Stay Safe While Using Public Wi-Fi (Amazes me the things people will do on public wifi. Please stop "depositing" checks on your phone until you're at home.)
Which National Park Is Best for You? (All of them.)
These Crazy Roadside Attractions Are Actually Worth Stopping For! (These are the first things I look for when I hear the words "road trip!")
Alternatives to Alamo Square Park (FYI for anyone traveling to the city by the Bay this year)
The Shaka Field Guide (Funny! I never really realized the Kauai shaka is true!)
Flying in the 1980s: What's our vector, Victor? (I sooo miss being able to go to any gate I wanted to watch planes take off and pretend we were going somewhere when green was scarce.)
What are you guys into this weekend?
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'Just a natural' - Christian Pulisic shines in playmaker role as USA routs Honduras
SAN JOSE, Calif. — Christian Pulisic said he was ready, and he was definitely not kidding.
Asked Thursday if he felt more comfortable playing as a playmaker than a winger, Pulisic made it clear he was capable of playing either, but also noted he was ready for the responsibility of being the U.S. national team's chief playmaker.
WATCH: The USA's scoring outburst
Bruce Arena believed him enough to give him that role Friday night in a crucial World Cup qualifier, and by the end of a 6-0 dismantling of Honduras, Pulisic had made believers out of everybody watching.
The 18-year-old midfielder scored or helped set up three goals, dazzling the crowd with his passing, marauding dribbles and tireless motor. He could have had two goals if not for an excellent save, and he even left his teammates amazed by his defense-splitting pass to set up one of Clint Dempsey's three goals.
"Christian I think is just a natural," an impressed Arena said after Friday's win. "The game's easy for him. He's got exceptional skill, vision, he's pretty smooth."
You know those kid gloves we were using to try and temper the expectations and protect Pulisic from the kind of hype that has ruined other promising young Americans? You can take those gloves and throw them in the trash. Pulisic isn't being burned by the spotlight. He's thriving in it, and Friday's virtuoso performance — in a pressure-packed match — shows that Pulisic was dead serious when he said he was ready.
Honduras tried to offer some resistance, but Pulisic needed just five minutes to rip a hole through the Catrachos attempted bunker. He sped down the middle, worked a beautiful give-and-go with Altidore and forced a tough save out of Honduras goalkeeper Donis Escobar. The loose ball fell to a wide open Sebastian Lletget, who scored the night's opening goal.
Pulisic played provider on Dempsey's first goal of the night, sending a perfect chip that caught Dempsey in stride as he powered past the Honduras defense to blast home the third U.S. goal of the night.
Pulisic could have left the match at halftime and he would have been lauded for his performance, but he looked even more dangerous in the second half. He raced onto an Altidore pass and finished with ease just seconds into the second half. Just two minutes later he delivered another assist to Dempsey, hitting a perfectly weighted 30-yard pass that would have made Andres Iniesta proud.
"Man, he's a great player," Dempsey said of Pulisic. "He can beat people one-on-one on the dribble. He creates mismatches because of that. Someone else has to kind of push to him, and if you're able to make good runs he'll find you. It's great to have players like that, that can win that one-v-one battle and break teams open."
Chicharito is among Mexico's greats
The youngster was far from alone in shining for the U.S. on Friday. Dempsey netted a hat trick in his first national team appearance since last summer's Copa America, and Jozy Altidore was outstanding with his passing, having a hand in three goal sequences. The tie that binds those two excellent veteran showings was Pulisic, who looked like he had played with Dempsey and Altidore for years even though it was actually the first time he and Dempsey started a match together.
"Clint's an easy guy to play with. It's really fun playing in behind him and off of him," Pulisic said. "It was cool combining with him and Jozy. it's a good team."
"(Dempsey)'s strong, he's technical, he makes good runs and he always gives good support," he added. "That's exactly what we need from a forward, and he's clinical."
Ratings: High marks for Dempsey, Pulisic
The Pulisic-Dempsey-Altidore triangle overwhelmed the Honduran defense, and while few at Avaya Stadium could have predicted a 6-0 demolition, Arena sounded like someone who saw that kind of display coming.
"I'm not sure anything I saw tonight surprised me," Arena said. "We've seen Clint do this before right? That's not a surprise. We know Jozy's quality and Christian I've kind of seen a little bit of this in the last couple of months.
"I'm not surprised they played well together."
It can't be overstated what having a dynamic playmaker in the heart of the attack can mean for the U.S. it makes everybody better, and makes defenses struggle to keep up. Pulisic will certainly face tougher opponents than Honduras, but what we saw Friday was a player who is capable of being the playmaker the U.S. team has sorely needed.
Yes, Pulisic is only 18, but that doesn't change the fact he has shown over and over he isn't your typical teenager. He's a player ready for the big stage. He knew that even before he took the field on Friday, and now we all know it.


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SeaRoad Logistics's core business is the provision of integrated logistics solutions. SeaRoad Logistics principally operates in Victoria and Tasmania and has an Australia-wide reach through strategic alliances with other logistics providers.
SeaRoad Logistics's services include:
Bass Strait shipping operations are an essential domestic service catering to the Tasmanian population and economy.
SeaRoad Shipping services include the transportation of containers, trailers, reefers (refrigerated units), cars and non-containerised freight on its two RoRo vessels, Searoad Tamar and Searoad Mersey. It also facilitates land transport services for shipping customers either through SeaRoad Logistics or other providers.
SeaRoad's shipping service provides for twelve overnight voyages a week (Monday to Saturday) between the Australian mainland and Tasmania. During exceptional demand peaks, an additional sailing on a Sunday is occasionally undertaken. Searoad Mersey also completes a once-weekly Sunday voyage to Grassy, King Island en route to Devonport.


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EAST LANSING, Mich. – With temperatures in the low-30s and the wind chill in the mid-20s, the Michigan State baseball team battled the elements and came away with a hard-fought 3-2 victory over Purdue on Easter Sunday at Kobs Field. The Spartans, winners of six of their last seven, extended their winning streak to four games and improved to 4-1 in the Big Ten Conference (12-9 overall). Originally scheduled to be a doubleheader, only one nine-inning game was played on Sunday due to the cold weather. The series concludes Monday with a doubleheader starting at 12:05 p.m.Â
Senior Craig Brookes showed why he owns the lowest ERA in the Big Ten with another strong outing against Purdue. Brookes (3-1) struck out five and only allowed two runs, one earned, while giving up eight hits in seven innings of action.
Purdue (12-11, 2-4) scored the first run of the game in the top of the second. Jon Moore singled to left, stole second and advanced to third on a throwing error by Spartan catcher Kyle Day. Alex Jaffee capitalized on the miscue, driving home Moore with a single up the middle to give PU a 1-0 lead.
MSU bounced right back with an unearned run of its own in the bottom half of the inning. Chris Roberts, who stretched his hitting streak to eight games, led off the inning with a single and went to second on an Evan Friedland single to center. Eli Boike then hit a grounder to short, but instead of turning the double play, and errant throw by the Purdue second baseman allowed Roberts to score from second and put Boike on first base safely.
The Spartans took a 2-1 lead with another run in the third. Back-to-back bunt singles by Eric Roof and Dennis Jones placed runners on first and second with no outs, and a sacrifice bunt by Brandon Doherty moved both runners into scoring position. Roof was thrown out at the plate on a grounder to Boilermaker third baseman Dan Black, but on the next pitch, Jones scored on a wild pitch from starter Josh Lindblom.
With two outs in the fourth, the Green and White battled back to score a run in the third consecutive inning. Friedland and Boike smashed back-to-back doubles down the right-field line to put MSU up, 3-1.
The Boilermakers cut the lead to 3-2 on Spencer Ingaldson's RBI double in the fifth, but that's all the scoring Purdue would get on the day.
Purdue threatened in the eighth with runners on first and second and two outs for reliever A.J. Dunn. Dunn halted the scoring chance by getting John Cummins to strike out looking.
Mike Monterey came on for the Spartans in the ninth to earn his fourth save of the season.
Lindblom (2-4) lasted 6.2 innings, scattering 10 hits and giving up three runs, two earned, with three strikeouts.
Friedland, Jones and Steve Gerstenberger each collected two hits for MSU.
Props to Ben Phlegar, MSU SID.


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This is a big, comfy bucket for those prone to the ho heave. Glass bottom viewing, shady lower deck and a swim step makes the old in-out a breeze. You'll get snorkel instruction, flotation if you want it, breakfast, snax, BBQ chicken, burgers or gardenburgers, keg beer and/or (oy) Mai Tai's after the 2nd snorkel.
8:00-12:30 Daily; 7:30 AM Check-in.
Pastries, fruit, juice, fresh kona coffee. BBQ lunch & sodas; Beer and wine post-snorkel.
Scuba or Snuba available at extra charge (pay on board).
DEPARTS: Maalaea Harbor


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You'll need eight 10 cm ramekins for this recipe.
Makes 8
1 roasted or barbecued chicken, meat shredded
1 cup chopped chives
⅓ cup chopped tarragon
10 swiss brown mushrooms, quartered
1½ cups (360 g) low fat sour cream
½ cup (125 ml) chicken stock
sea salt and white pepper
2 sheets ready-rolled puff pastry, thawed if frozen
1 organic egg, beaten
green salad, to serve
Preheat fan-forced oven to 200°C.
In a large bowl, mix together the chicken, herbs, mushrooms, sour cream, chicken stock and salt and pepper to taste.
Lay the pastry sheets out on a clean benchtop and cut eight rounds of pastry slightly larger than your ramekins. Fill the ramekins with the chicken mixture and top with a pastry lid, then brush with beaten egg. Press down the edges to seal and sprinkle with salt.
Bake on an oven tray for 20 minutes until the pastry is puffed and golden, then serve with a leafy green salad.


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I just completed a vary basic set up of the web site http://overshoot.tv/ . Many more things need to be configured and features added.
The web site's content is articulated around three types of content:
Hey, interesting site. It looks like we have related projects going on. I'm interested in the intersection of wikis and documentaries. Good luck building your community - it's been pretty slow going for me so far.
Hi Mike!
Thanks for posting.
I had guessed a long time ago that the idea of wiki + documentary was a ripe one, waiting to be born. I am not surprised to see someone with a similar idea. Thanks for the link. A link back to this site would be appreciated, too.
The difference between the two projects is obviously the subject matter of the documentaries. If you are interested in any progressive idea and if you'd like to contribute even a little to this documentary, let me know what your specific interests are.
my blog doesn't have much reach yet, but i'd definitely like to give a shout out to your site. i've been looking for sites exploring these ideas and they are few and far between...probably just a matter of time, though.


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Tool for point cloud data processing from forest environment acquired by terrestrial laser scanner.
Looking for software tool to analyse your TLS data? You just find one!
We are glad to present you open-source software application for lidar data segmentation, visualization and export of trees with parameters.
Lets start with image gallery and enjoy insight into old-growth forest where this application serve for study forest dynamic.
Feel free to download and test it from download page. and leave comment or sugestion at our forum. We are using also ticket system for improvements and bug report.
Project 3D Forest started in year 2010 with my PhD study at Department of Forest Ecology of Public Research Institution of Landscape and Ornamental Gardering. In cooperation with Department of Geoinformation Technologies of Mendel University in Brno. Increasing need of tool for analyze real 3D dimensional data from forest environment was clear across all studies. After extensive searching for the best possible tool for acquiring and processing such data we found terrestrial laser data as the best solution for our needs. Only missing part was still processing tool so we decice to create one by ourself - 3D Forest.
We proudly present our citation refernce in PlosONe journal
Trochta J, Krůček M, Vrška T, Král K (2017) 3D Forest: An application for descriptions of three-dimensional forest structures using terrestrial LiDAR. PLoS ONE 12(5): e0176871. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176871
Our team combine forest ecologists, foresters, GIS specialists, and programers to collect more information about old-growth forests. for more info please visit www.pralesy.cz.
Our application is free for all users. Thanks to licence GPL v3 we can publish our work with garanty that user will never pay for this piece of code.
Get the latest version of you software, download testing data to play with and discover all features of our application.
Download version 0.42 the latest version with tree and crown parameters, automatic tree segmentation and many more features.
Here you can donwload our testing plot (20 x 40 m) consisting of 26 trees with terrain, deadwoods, etc.
Browse throughout user guide to this application and fins all details.
Download and improve our source code to your needs.
Ph.D. student at VUKOZ research institute, Department of Forest Ecology. Student of Applied geoinformatics, Mendel University Brno Main interests: remote sensing, old growth forest dynamics, programing, forest ecology
Ph.D. student at VUKOZ research institute, Department of Forest Ecology. Student of Applied geoinformatics, Mendel University Brno Main interests: Crown modelling, light propagation
Senior researcher at VUKOZ research institute, Department of Forest Ecology. Main interests: Remote sensing, Forest dynamics, development stages and patch mosaic of old-growth forest
Other team members that had great advices and critical comments.
If you have any question, please contact us on forum or by e-mail.


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You probably know that Michael Jackson bought the rights to The Beatles' songs. It's as much as part of the Beatles' legacy as Paul McCartney dying and being replaced by an impostor. What happens, if you are not familiar, is that, back in the days when McCartney and Jackson were making music together, Jackson bought ATV Music, which owned all the Beatles songs written by the combo of Lennon and McCartney (since John Lennon and Paul McCartney primarily listed themselves as co-writers regardless of who actually wrote the song), for $47.5 million back in 1985. Now, McCartney is hoping to finally get his songs back.
You are likely aware that Michal Jackson is dead, on account of the fact that it was one of the biggest stories in music when it happened. Did you see his funeral? It was nuts. Anyway, Sony is planning on buying out Jackson's half of Sony/ATV publishing for $750 million, but McCartney is going to try and step in and reclaim his songs.


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6 Home Care Services for Seniors Serving Cheshire, OR
Also serving communities of Blachly.
Caring.com offers a free service to help families find senior care. To help you with your search, browse the 5 reviews below for homecare agencies in Cheshire. On average, consumers rate home care in Cheshire 4.4 out of 5 stars.
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Licensing and Bonding for Caregivers
If you're choosing a caregiver for an aging parent or loved one, you've probably heard the advice that your caregiver should be licensed and bonded. The implication is that being licensed and bonde...
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"No one should surrender control of their life to a judge unless they are unable to find a way to resolve their dispute on their own. There are cases where a judge needs to be the one to make the decision. It's great to have that option. The rest of the time I'm trying to use my skill and influence to help people come to that decision on their own. I help them to evaluate what's reasonable, what's fair, and what's most important to them." — Frances Nolan
Frances is not your typical attorney. She was inspired to become a lawyer by the struggles of her parents and numerous friends for whom the divorce process was especially challenging. Having studied psychology and social science in college, divorce law provided the perfect marriage of her educational experiences with the opportunity to make a personal difference in the lives of others.
Raised in Birmingham most of her life, Frances is the daughter of an Episcopal priest and a theological educator. The youngest of four children whose parents divorced after 25 years of marriage, Frances has personal insight about the experience of divorce from a child's perspective. The law is a second career for Frances; she went back to law school after more than twenty years of working in sales and management, and after spending several years as a full-time mom. Divorce law provided the perfect marriage of her personal experiences, her educational background, and her longing to help people through challenging times. Frances brings new meaning to the term, "counselor at law."
After practicing family law at The Crittenden Firm, PC for eight years, she and colleague Leigh Byers co-founded Nolan Byers, PC. Together, they designed a boutique family law firm that is dedicated to empowering clients who face the stress inherent to divorce and other matrimonial law matters.
Frances works to understand each client's goals and concerns and to educate them about options for achieving their desired outcomes. For some, the traditional court process provides the structure and security required. For others, private, out-of-court methods may be preferred.
Frances was instrumental in bringing Collaborative Divorce to Alabama. As a certified Collaborative lawyer, Frances co-founded and served as the inaugural President of Alabama's first Collaborative Practice Group, Birmingham Collaborative Alliance (BCA).
Collaborative Divorce is a no-court, private and consensual process in which the parties are provided the support of an interdisciplinary team of professionals all trained to support them in the process of restructuring their families for life after divorce. Collaborative Divorce is a forward-looking process that rather than assessing blame, is designed to empower its participants to create a durable plan for the future that maximizing the best outcomes for the whole family.
"The skills I've learned in my collaborative work are transferable to every case," Frances says. "There's a degree of empathy that I can have for clients as a result of my training to become a collaborative professional. It's given me invaluable knowledge that I would not have had otherwise."
Although dedicated to the advancement of alternative practices in dispute resolution, Frances is also trained in litigation. Her goal is to provide quality legal representation suitable for each client's circumstances, goals and legal issues.
Frances is married to William G. Nolan (Bill), an attorney practicing in the area of Elder Law. They are the proud parents of one son, William G. Nolan, Jr. (Will), who is currently in medical school.
To contact Frances, email her at firstname.lastname@example.com
Recent Blog Entries
Make Your Ex Your Ally: 10 Considerations to Embrace When You Have Kids
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Five Essential Steps Women Should Take to Safeguard Health During Divorce
Co-Parenting Goes Mobile: Six apps to keep your busy family harmonious after divorce
© 2019 Nolan Byers P.C. | Disclaimer 301 19th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203 | Phone: 205.314.0638FAQs | Resources | Attorneys | Services | Process Options
Law Firm Website Design byZola Creative


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About Us
The first Venturefest was set up in Oxford in 1999, borne out of a conversation between Lord Sainsbury and Professor Peter Johnson about the market failure involved in those with ideas needing investment who were failing to find those with money seeking great new innovations as investment opportunities. With vital financial support from Lord Sainsbury until 2013 Venturefests were also set up in Yorkshire (since 2003) and Bristol (2011) with Wales and the North East initiating their own events in 2013.
During 2011 the Technology Strategy Board (now Innovate UK) considered how it could amplify its work in accelerating the translation of innovation and technology into increased economic growth. Based on the existing Venturefest brand, they commissioned a feasibility study in 2013, to assess the idea of establishing a network of local Venturefest style events that would operate as a UK-wide network, designed to achieve the same ends as Innovate UK by sharing best practice, facilitating linkages between national and local levels and using shared Venturefest branding to benefit all the organisations involved.
As a result Innovate UK became an anchor sponsor of the Venturefest Network, which would operate as part of the Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN Ltd) to deliver a network of Venturefest events across the UK. Each event shares a common brand and format but recognises and embraces the various regional identities.
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Julia + Jo filmed at The DorchesterMarch 21st, 2013
We worked with some of London's top wedding suppliers at this wedding filmed at The Dorchester in January. The wedding dress was created by Phillipa Lepley. Catering by Tony Page. The band was Gilev. Flowers By Appointment Only Design. The photographer was Chiko.


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From George Washington to Andrew Montour, 10 October 1755
To Andrew Montour
[Winchester, 10 October 1755]
Dear Montour
I wrote some Time ago a Letter of Invitation from Fort Cumberland, desiring yourself your Family and Friendly Indians to come & reside among Us,1 but that Letter not coming to Hand, I am induced to send a second Express with the same Invitation; being pleased that I have it in my Power to do something for You on a better Footing than ever it has been done—I was greatly enraptur'd when I heard you were at the Head of 300 Indians on a March towards Venango,2 being satisfied that your hearty Attachment to our glorious Cause, your Courage of which I have had very great Proofs, & your Presence among the Indians would animate their just Indignation to do something Noble, something worthy themselves, & honourable to You—I hope you will use your Interest (as I know you have much) in bringing our Brothers once more to our Service, assure them as you truly may, that nothing which I can do shall be wanting to make them happy—assure them also that as I have the chief Command I am invested with Power to treat them as Brethren & Allies, which I am sorry to say they have not been of late—Recommend Me kindly to our good Friend Monocatootha & others, tell them how happy it would make Conotocaurious3 to have an Opportunity of taking them by the Hand at Fort Cumberland, & how glad he would be to treat them as Brothers of our great King beyond the Waters—Flattering myself that you will come, I doubt not but youl bring as many of them with you as possible, as that will afford Me what alone I want, that is, an Opportunity of doing something equal to your Wishes—I am Dear Montour Your real Friend & Assured Hble Servt
Go: Washington
NB I doubt not but you have heard of the Ravages committed on our Frontiers by the French Indians, & I suppose French themselves. I am now on my March agt them, & hope to give them Cause of repenting their Rashness.
Copy, ViHi: Dinwiddie Papers; LB, DLC:GW. The letter printed here appears to be a copy of GW's letter made by George Mercer, his aide-de-camp, and enclosed in GW's letter to Dinwiddie of 11–14 Oct. GW conceded to Dinwiddie that "the Letter favours a little of flattery &ca but this I hope is justifiable on such occasion's." It should be noted that the letter-book copy changes "your Courage of which I have had very great Proofs" to read "sufficient Proofs."
3. The Indian name Conotocarious, meaning "town taker" or "devourer of villages," had been bestowed on GW by the Half-King in 1753.


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Bravo! You've demonstrated that you're a qualified candidate and have been invited to a second interview. The odds of being hired have increased but it's by no means a slam dunk. Questions will be tougher and you'll likely be expected to meet — and impress — a longer list of people.
"Feel good because they like you but be on your toes because they're not 100% convinced," says Maureen McCann, founder of ProMotion Career Solutions in Ottawa and a senior career consultant with Graham Management Group of Toronto.
"It's your job to convince the employer you're the right person for the job. The only way to do that is to identify what they're looking for and demonstrate that you've got what it takes."
Consider the following list of dos and don'ts:
Do find out in advance what the agenda will be and whom you can expect to interview with. If possible, get their names and titles, and find as much as you can about them using tools like Google and LinkedIn.
Find out how much time you need to dedicate to the interview and brush up on appropriate etiquette. If you're going out for lunch or dinner, for example, be aware of the establishment's dress code. Likewise if invited for a round of golf.
Don't give in to the temptation to have an alcoholic drink. The only exception: if you're being interviewed for an alcohol-related company, such as a winery. "If you do have a drink, limit yourself to just one," McCann says.
Don't neglect to review your performance in the first interview. "What went well and how can you improve? Get a coach for mock interviews. Preparing your answers to questions in advance will help you stand out," McCann says.
"Talk to your references and let them know how they can help if they get a call before your second interview."
Set goals. "Make a list of five things you're going to talk about before you leave the interview," McCann says.
Do understand what the employer is looking for in a candidate. Once you've built a rapport with interviewers, ask them what the ideal candidate looks like and how they'll recognize necessary qualities or skills. "The more you know yourself and your stories of accomplishment, the better prepared you are," McCann says.
Do your homework. Build upon the research you conducted for your first interview. Be up to date on developments in your field or industry by reviewing sources like trade publications and industry associations.
Don't be caught off guard if asked about salary. Try to save that conversation until there's a job offer on the table with a response like, 'I'm sure you're a very fair company and I'm willing to consider your very best offer when the time is right.' But have a good idea about what you can expect to earn and suggest a salary range if pressured to reply, McCann advises.
Do reiterate your interest in the job and your belief that you're the best candidate for the job when the interview comes to a close. Inquire about the next step and when you can expect a reply.
Don't forget to send a thank-you card within 24 hours. A hand-written note will stand out every time because it demonstrates your willingness to make that extra effort. "Send the note to the person who brought you from the first to second interview," McCann says. If you'd like, feel free to also send a note to others you met.
Did you hear the one about the 'Cisco fatty'?
As part of your research on a company, you're thinking about taking to social media to find out more about what it's like as an employer. But career consultant Maureen McCann shares a cautionary tale about the "Fatty Cisco Job" candidate who ruined her chances of employment with a single post on Twitter — and become an overnight Internet sensation.
The potential applicant tweeted: "Cisco just offered me a job! Now I have to weigh the utility of a fatty paycheck against the daily commute to San Jose and hating the work." An employee at Cisco saw the Tweet and replied: "Who is the hiring manager. I'm sure they would love to know that you will hate the work. We here at Cisco are versed in the web."
Preparing for a behavioural interview
In a behavioural interview, an employer has determined what skills are needed in the person they hire and will ask questions to find out if a candidate has those skills. Here's an example: "Tell me about a time when you had to juggle multiple priorities."
Job seekers can prepare by putting together a handful of stories that demonstrate your competencies as it relates to the job, advises career consultant Maureen McCann. Use the SAR formula: Situation, Action, Result. Here's an illustration: "This was the situation when I arrived on the scene, this is the action I took to correct or modify the scenario and this is the result of that action."
"Knowing yourself and your abilities will give you confidence and practice will allow you to tailor the story to a variety of scenarios," McCann says.


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Ashburn, VA
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Beautyrest Hybrid
Anyone seeking luxurious firm support with body contouring comfort and support will enjoy the Beautyrest Hybrid Geneva Lake mattress. Featuring a layer of Beautyrest gel memory foam at the sleep surface, backed by an additional layer of GelTouch foam, this mattress delivers soothing comfort with exceptional pressure relief while contouring to each curve. 1362 Density Firm Beautyrest Pocketed Coil Technology provides conforming back support and motion separation to keep you sleeping soundly even when your sleep partner moves. The innovative AirCool BeautyEdge support system keeps air flowing throughout the mattress layers for a cooler, more comfortable night's sleep. The addition of the Reverie O200 adjustable lifestyle base takes your sleep experience to a whole new level! Easily adjust the head of your mattress with the convenient remote to stay comfortable while reading or watching TV in bed.
10 Year Limited Warranty.
Beautyrest Hybrid Geneva Lake Split King Mattress with Reverie O200 Adjustable Base Dimensions
80"L x 76"W x 13"H


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yesterday, we breezed through national bookstore and it was teeming with young 'uns buying books and supplies for the upcoming school year. it's not even the middle of may yet, it's still summer, enjoy your vacation while you can! and while we're on that subject, delay wearing that uniform for as long as possible and enjoy summer fashion while it's still hot outside (and there are no teachers to tell you that that skirt is too short!). one of our favorite trends this season is shorts—the shorter the better! back in the 70s, these shorty shorts were called hot pants. in the 80s, denim cutoffs became the rage, thanks to daisy duke, the sexy hillbilly on the hit TV series "the dukes of hazzard" (over-re-acted by jessica simpson last year). in the 90s, we don't recall many shorts moments, except maybe for the hoochies featured in those famous guess ads (when they were still cool). these days, short shorts have become a staple in every woman's closet. one of our designer friends christened them "pekpek" shorts, "kasi kita na ang kaluluwa mo," haha! we've seen them at the mall, out on a saturday night, at the beach, everywhere!
michele blings it up with gold accessories
cath keeps cool in khaki
valerie shows off her tan in denim cut-offs
we like this bazaar shopper's impeccable styling
mariko keeps it sleek and slim in all black
maureen adds some glam with a sparkly vest, bag and heels
a guest at the shu show keeps it classic in black and white
this party animal at the absolut raspberri launch takes it over the top
these hot chicks really know how to dress for a beach party
chicho stays fresh in all white
ruby perfects that rich palm-beach look
anne tops it with an-empire cut blouse
charmaine takes it out at night with a glittery gold sweater
PS: and don't forget: the fash pack invites you to join the fash pack! send in a full-length photo (or two or three) of you in your cute little outfit and get the chance to see yourself in this blog's "the fash cam" section! include your name (first name only will do), where the photo was taken, the occasion, and of course, the fashion credits! e-mail your pix to firstname.lastname@example.com today!


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NEW YORK, Oct. 11, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The Law Offices of Vincent Wong announce that class actions have commenced on behalf of shareholders of the following companies. If you suffered a loss you have until the lead plaintiff deadline to request that the court appoint you as lead plaintiff.
Tribune Media Company (NYSE: TRCO)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 13, 2018
Class Period: November 29, 2017 and July 16, 2018
Get additional information about TRCO: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/tribune-media-company-loss-submission-form?wire=3
USA Technologies, Inc. (NASDAQGM: USAT)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 13, 2018
Class Period: November 9, 2017 and September 11, 2018
Get additional information about USAT: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/usa-technologies-inc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
Microchip Technology Inc. (NASDAQGS: MCHP)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 16, 2018
Class Period: March 2, 2018 and August 9, 2018
Get additional information about MCHP: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/microchip-technology-inc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
Cocrystal Pharma, Inc. (NASDAQCM: COCP)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 19, 2018
Class Period: September 23, 2013 and September 7, 2018
Get additional information about COCP: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/cocrystal-pharma-inc-f-k-a-biozone-pharmaceuticals-loss-submission-form?wire=3
AbbVie Inc. (NYSE: ABBV)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 20, 2018
Class Period: October 25, 2013 and September 18, 2018
Get additional information about ABBV: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/abbvie-inc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQGS: ALNY)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 26, 2018
Class Period: February 15, 2018 and September 12, 2018
Get additional information about ALNY: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/alnylam-pharmaceuticals-inc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
MGT Capital Investments Inc. (OTCMKTS: MGTI)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 27, 2018
Class Period: October 9, 2015 and September 7, 2018
Get additional information about MGTI: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/mgt-capital-investments-inc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
Chegg, Inc. (NYSE: CHGG)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: November 26, 2018
Class Period: July 30, 2018 and September 25, 2018
Get additional information about CHGG: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/chegg-inc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
Adient plc (NYSE: ADNT)
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: December 3, 2018
Class Period: October 31, 2016 and June 11, 2018
Get additional information about ADNT: http://www.wongesq.com/pslra-1/adient-plc-loss-submission-form?wire=3
To learn more contact Vincent Wong, Esq. either via email firstname.lastname@example.com or by telephone at 212.425.1140.
Vincent Wong, Esq. is an experienced attorney that has represented investors in securities litigations involving financial fraud and violations of shareholder rights. Attorney advertising. Prior results do not guarantee similar outcomes.
Vincent Wong, Esq.
39 East Broadway
Suite 304
New York, NY 10002
Tel. 212.425.1140
Fax. 866.699.3880
E-Mail: email@example.com
The Law Offices of Vincent Wong
New York, New York, UNITED STATES
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The Voice 2014 live shows premieres tonight! Those who made it from the live playoffs will be performing live tonight. Each coach has three artists each. Who are you looking forward to see perform?
It is now up to American on who to vote for so make sure you do vote for your favorite artists for them to remain in the competition.
The Voice top 12 finalists are Audra McLaughlin, Jake Worthington and Sisaundra Lewis from Team Blake, Kristen Merlin, Tess Boyer and Dani Moz from Team Shakira, Delvin Choice, Kat Perkins and Christina Grimmie from Team Adam and TJ Wilkins, Bria Kellya and Josh Kaufman from Team Usher.
Tomorrow is the results show and viewers can save one of the bottom three finalists by using the "instant save". Two will go home.
Follow us on Twitter, add us on Google Plus or like us on Facebook for tonight's updates. The Voice April 21, 2014 voting numbers will be posted.
Bria Kelly – 1-877-553-3701 – Rolling in the Deep
Delvin Choice – 1-877-553-3702 – Unchained Melody
Dani Moz – 1-877-553-3703 – Just Give Me a Reason
Audra McLaughlin – 1-877-553-3704 – Angel of the Morning
TJ Wilkins – 1-877-553-3705 – Waiting for the World to Change
Christina Grimmie – 1-877-553-3706 – Dark Horse
Sisaundra Lewis – 1-877-553-3707 – Don't Let the Sun Go Down
Kristen Merlin – 1-877-553-3708 – Stay
Kat Perkins – 1-877-553-3709 – Magic Man
Jake Worthington – 1-877-553-3710 – Anymore
Tess Boyer – 1-877-553-3711 – I'll Be There For You
Josh Kaufman – 1-877-553-3712 – Stay With Me


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This kit contains all three of the Solarez fly-tie UV resins: Thin-Hard, Thick-Hard, & Flex formulas. Each comes in a 5g tube (1/10 oz) with applicator tip - ample for many flies.
Also included is a UV Very High Output flashlight with optimal wavelength (flashlight takes one "AA" battery, not included).


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Alumni Interview Series: Sina Grace
What was something memorable about the Creative Writing program at UCSC?
My classmates. The people I connected with in the Creative Writing program are my closest friends from UCSC. When you're spending so many hours with a small group of people trying to find out how to express yourself using language, you kind of end up reaching new levels of intimacy.
What are you reading right now?
A Single Man by Christopher Isherwood, My Hollywood Life by Mona Simpson, and The Spiderwick Chronicles by Holly Black and Tony DiTerlizzi.
What are you doing now professionally?
By day, I work as the editorial director for Robert Kirkman's Skybound imprint at Image Comics, which entails managing schedules, futzing around with files, and copy editing several comic books a month.
By night, I draw a comic book called The Li'l Depressed Boy.
Then, on weekends and wee hours of the night, I am working on a new graphic novel called Not My Bag. That one is about retail hell.
Do you still write, and if so how do you find the time?
The answer above kind of addresses the first half of this question. To answer about finding time: A highly motivated classmate in high school once told me the following when I asked her the same question:
"I am awake 16 hours a day. I use each and every one of those hours to their fullest."
I think what she was really trying to say is that she sleeps a full eight hours a night... a quality of life that I cannot seem to attain.
Ernest Hemingway has been described as a master of brevity. Let's one-up him. Could you describe your favorite written work (written by you) in a single word?
Your least favorite?
And finally, do you have any words of advice for Creative Writing majors, or for people who are interested in applying?
I always say this, and this is particularly important for writers who are actually in school to remember: you are always a student. The most important thing a growing artist can gain from school is getting the tools to grow. Finding your "voice" and stuff happens with time and practice, but being a strong writer comes from taking in feedback from your peers and professors, and getting over whatever pretense you bring into a classroom.
That, and: write for yourself. The first few quarters I spent trying to write stuff I thought would be received as "smart" or "deep," and it wasn't until I wrote a chapter from a novella that was to amuse myself that my peers actually responded to the work.


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We don't re-implement wheel, so Java collection framework offers very easy way to iterate the elements. But iterator pattern is useful, you need to handle it. Everyday you use it but have you though how it works? read the example.
Iterator Design Pattern in Java (this example forgot to implement Iterable interface. The Iterable interface has only one method: iterator)
Java's Iterators and Iterables
Also the beginner may get this exception, ConcurrentModificationException because if you don't understand iterator.
How to Avoid ConcurrentModificationException when using an Iterator


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Increasing access to services
For many reasons, adolescents are less likely than adults to be tested for HIV and less likely to be linked to services, whether they test positive or negative. Under-utilization of testing and counselling services results in late diagnosis and missed opportunities to initiate treatment, counselling, care and other supportive services. Unfortunately in many countries, legal barriers requiring a parent or caregiver's consent to HIV testing can complicate access to testing and treatment for this age group, often discouraging adolescents from seeking the services they need. Increasing uptake of HIV testing and counselling could lead to earlier diagnosis, more effective care and more opportunities to prevent onward HIV transmission.
Adolescents are the only group that have not seen decreases in HIV-related mortality in recent years. More perinatally-infected children are surviving into adolescence, and HIV acquisition among adolescents currently results in over a third of new HIV infections every day. Health providers and planners need to reassess what can be done to help adolescents – particularly those who have been on treatment as children – make the transition to adult services. All adolescents should be encouraged to take full advantage of HIV testing and counselling services, to start treatment as soon as they need it, and to adopt better health-seeking and self-management practices. When this occurs, more adolescents are able to lead healthier, happier and more productive lives both now and into the future.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is now available in many settings, and there are a broad range of proven approaches to HIV prevention. This makes the task of expanding HIV-related services for adolescents more feasible than ever before. Health providers and planners know how to expand services, promote early diagnosis, reduce transmission, provide many types of support and improve health outcomes - but services that cater specifically to adolescents and their particular needs have not been widely developed.


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The Cozad Business Center is combination business use facility. The east half of the building includes a turnkey in-bound call center that has a capacity to house 70 call stations. The renovations on the east side also included restrooms, break room space, storage, and all the necessary electrical updates for the addition of the multiple work stations. The west side of the renovated facility has a combination of functions…an incubation space for developing businesses, office rental space, conference and training space, and the new location of the CDC office. The facility capitalized on the availability of telecom infrastructure and technology from Cozad Telephone Company. CDC hopes by allowing access to and education in technology their businesses will see the bottom line benefits to integration in their own business.
There is currently one available rental unit in the building. You can call Cozad Development Corporation to schedule a showing at 784-8006.


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Zan Headgear
ZANheadgear® is a global leader in the performance headwear industry and provides a product range that includes All Weather, Cold Weather, Face Masks, and several other head, neck, and face products. Established in 1994 with a solid foundation of 24 styles of headwraps, ZANheadgear® has expanded its line which now includes over 600 Flydanna® headwrap designs. Widely known in the motorcycle industry, ZAN has gained recognition in other power-sport and outdoor industries and continues to manufacture fresh, innovative and unique products.


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Work at home
Collect testimonials for the site. Demonstrate the public in large number of articles that customers are talking about their merchandise. If you get high lip by content customers, ask them if you can use their phrases on the internet site. When they say yes, thank them by sending them a totally free sample of the newest item.
As a way to make the organization of your home profitable, make your website attractive. The amount that someone realizes after clicking on the website is their design and style. In case the website also be flashy or also, you can turn off the clients. If you are not sure how you can design and model your site, there are numerous resources on the internet.
When you are or are about to start a home-based business, make sure you create a precise price range. Many people fail to work a home-based business since they have underestimated the price of the supplies that have been generating or promoting their item. For greater tax backing, consider using an accountant.
If you consider starting a home-based business, select a solution to promote that is certainly not related to other people. When you try to promote the identical merchandise that another company sells, your likelihood of generating genuine money is reduced, since customers will keep the business they currently know.
Preserve the interruptions of family members to a minimum, even working from home. Whereas interruptions can be critical to productivity, let everyone know wherever you are likely to perform, and once you plan to become complete. Explain that you just need to have privacy so that you can be offered to them sooner. Make sure that young people are supervised and that you simply can be reached in an emergency.
If you are taking into consideration the start of a home-based business, one of several essential substances to become profitable is usually to venture into a place for which you have a passion. Starting a home-based business is difficult to execute and moreover requires a specific degree of creativity. It is considerably less complicated to accomplish in something where you have a real curiosity and would not contemplate a difficult task. It is also less difficult to become inventive, since, of course, you will have suggestions rather than being forced to make suggestions.
Set realistic goals for home-based business. It could be simple to stay behind, although working in the comfort of own home. Set achievable goals similar to you in all other jobs and make sure they are reached. It will not allow you to perform back up or your home possibly can start to feel like a prison!
Get to know a simple and low initial investment way to start your home based business. Click on the link for more information: http://www.formulatopfornecedorescurso.com


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Faculty Competence & the Faculty Roster FAQs
Reaffirmation Process
The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACSCOC) is the regional body for accreditation of higher education institutions in the southern states. The University of Kentucky has been a SACSCOC accredited institution since 1915 (most recently reaffirmed in 2002). SACSCOC Accreditation is essential to the University's operation. Without it, the University of Kentucky cannot grant degrees, enroll students, or grant federal financial aid. We are now beginning the process of seeking reaffirmation of accreditation (to be decided in 2013).
The process for reaffirmation has changed considerably since our last SACSCOC visit where a single immense self-study document was prepared and submitted to SACSCOC. In 2002, SACSCOC approved an updated set of standards and guidelines. In place of the self-study, reaffirmation requires that the University prepare two documents, a Certification of Compliance and a Quality Enhancement Plan. Important changes involved reducing the 463 "must " statements for compliance to 16 Core Requirements and 59 Comprehensive Standards, along with an additional seven Federal Requirements. The rationale for this new reaffirmation process was to allow institutions to tailor their reports more directly to their individual missions and strategic plans. Along with this dramatic reduction in the number of "must " statements, an addition to the core requirements was put into place called a Quality Enhancement Plan (QEP).
"Reaffirmation" rather than "reaccreditation" reflects the view that accreditation is an ongoing state, not a status that must be renewed each decade. Under the new guidelines, it is understood that an accredited institution engages in constant and continual self-assessment. This self-assessment is goal oriented and outcome based, meaning that the institution has identified specific goals and established measures (outcomes) by which achievement of the goals may be assessed.
© 2011 - 2012 University of Kentucky, Office of SACSCOC Reaffirmation of Accreditation


text: 'Air' – the name says it all! The feathery table lamps are the new creations designed by Ray Power for the Spanish manufacturer. Like all the other lamps the Irish designer has developed with LZF, 'Air' is also made of artfully bent and folded veneer. The result is a shade and a base all in one that transmits visual stability and aesthetic flair. 'Air' is available in American white wood, cherry and beech veneer in yellow, orange, red, green, grey.