text:
Unless otherwise noted, information contained in each edition of the Kansas School Naturalist reflects the knowledge of the subject as of the original date of publication.
Volume 3, Number 3 - February 1957
Life in a Pond
by Conservation Workshop Members
SHOWN ON THE COVER is "East Lake," a shallow pond about three miles east of the Emporia State campus. Now entirely dry, it was in past years an excellent source of pond organisms of many kinds, and also a fine place to see water birds and other pond forms in their native haunts. The pond is crossed by tracks of the Santa Fe; along this right-of-way are many sites for observation and collecting. With normal rainfall, the pond will again be as useful for observations in biology, conservation, and the like, as it has been in the past. The picture, from the files of the Department of Biology, photographer not indicated, was taken about 1950.
Published by
The Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia
Prepared and Issued by
The Department of Biology, with the cooperation of the Divisions of Education and Social Science
Editor: John Breukelman, Head, Department of Biology
Editorial Committee: Ina M. Borman, Robert F. Clarke, Helen M. Douglass, Gilbert A. Leisman, Dixon Smith
The Kansas School Naturalist is sent upon request, free of charge, to any citizen of Kansas.
The Kansas School Naturalist is published in October, December, February and April of each year by The Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Kansas. Second-class mail privileges authorized at Emporia, Kansas.
THIS ISSUE OF The Kansas School Naturalist was prepared by the production section of the 1956 Workshop in Conservation. The Workshop, supported by a grant-in-aid from the Kansas Association for Wildlife and the National Wildlife Federation, was a part of the 1956 summer session of the Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia. The committee in charge consisted of: H. W. Davies, Chapman High School; Paul A. Jantzen, Larned High School; Harland Pankratz, Buhler High School; Carl W. Prophet, Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia; and Frank Darrell Timken, Lansing Rural High School. The drawings are by Evan Lindquist, student at Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia, whose work has appeared in several previous issues of The Kansas School Naturalist.
Professional biologists spend considerable amounts of time and effort in study of the basic relationships that exist between living things and their environment. However, the layman interested in similar study may perform an abbreviated research project that also will yield realization of the interrelations of organisms upon one another and upon their nonliving habitat. It has been discovered that apparent and obvious relationships exist within an enclosed body of water-a pond or lake. In Kansas there are over 200 private and public lakes and about 75,000 farm ponds which would serve as aquatic laboratories suitable for study, often within walking distance of the home or science classroom. Armed with a basic understanding of the fundamental characteristics of a pond, a careful observer may, with a minimum of collecting apparatus, discover a wealth of knowledge of the complex aspects of life that takes place beneath the quiet surface of the familiar farm pond or city impoundment.
A pond or lake is often referred to as an ecosystem. An ecosystem is a natural unit which includes living and non-living interacting parts, and in which the materials exchanged between the components follow a regular pattern; our world is made up of many ecosystems. These components will be briefly discussed in the next few pages.
Extreme climatic and topographic variations in Kansas make it difficult to assign any certain physical characteristics as representing the typical Kansas pond. Each pond is a special case since no two are identical in size, form, watershed, or basin contours. Neither are they ever supplied with exactly the same water, for in different regions the chemical and physical composition of the surrounding land is highly variable. Some generalizations, however, will hold true for most ponds in Kansas.
The Kansas pond is artificially constructed, an earthen dam usually being erected in a minor, intermittent watercourse or the lower side of a depression in the earth. The relatively shallow, enclosed body of water which results depends upon surface drainage or small in flowing rivulets to compensate for water loss through evaporation, seepage, or outflow. Most Kansas ponds are "sky ponds"ponds that depend entirely upon surface drainage-and undergo extreme fluctuations of depth and surface area in times of drought or heavy rainfall. During 1956, hundreds of Kansas ponds were completely dry. Pond waters undergo extreme changes in temperature at different seasons, becoming very warm in summer and freezing almost solid in severe winters.
Another characteristic of the Kansas pond is the relatively high turbidity-amount of suspended matter in the water. Even with good cover crops, rain water flowing over the surface picks up soil and carries it to the pond. Additional causes of turbidity in farm ponds are the trampling of livestock along the pond margins, wave action against bare shores, and the activity of bottom-feeding fish such as carp. Ponds below cultivated farm lands or eroded pastures often become choked with silt which smothers the food organisms and entirely fills the basin. Silt too may reduce the productivity of the pond by interfering with light penetration and thereby inhibiting photosynthesis by aquatic plants.
Unlike the atmosphere with its relatively constant concentration of gases, the amount of dissolved gases in pond water is variable. Temperature is a major factor in this regard, since cold water will hold much more dissolved gas than warm water will. Aquatic organisms often are subjected to a critical shortage of necessary oxygen, since the amount of this gas dissolved in water is at best relatively small. The concentration varies with time of day, season, weather conditions, and depth-all factors being related basically to temperature and solubility. Oxygen is supplied to the pond by the photosynthetic activity of green plants and surface absorption from the atmosphere. Vital life processes of pond organisms, both plant and animal, and the decay of organic material deplete the oxygen supply and in turn increase the amount of carbon dioxide in solution. If the amount of oxygen produced by the green plants or surface absorption of oxygen becomes less than the oxygen requirements of the organisms within the water, these organisms are soon in a precarious situation.
Since rain water is relatively free of minerals, the amount of mineral nutrients in a pond depends upon the fertility of the watershed soil. Productivity of any pond is thus related to the fertility of the earth around its shores, the pond tending to be deficient in those elements and compounds lacking in the surrounding drainage area. Aquatic organisms, like their land counterparts, need adequate amounts of certain minerals to carryon life processes. Without these minerals the pond becomes a watery desert.
Most bodies of water abound with plants and animals which, for the most part, are relatively unknown to the layman. These aquatic and semi-aquatic organisms are highly specialized and possess certain distinct characteristics. For aquatic animals, the teardrop-shaped body is one of the most efficient forms for swimming because it offers the least resistance to the water. Although some of the aquatic animals found in ponds have lungs, many use gills for breathing. Other characteristics which are evident are specialized locomotor appendages such as fins or fin-like structures, flattened tails, and webbed digits. Aquatic plants also have certain characteristics not common to land forms, such as poorly developed root systems and air sacs for buoyancy and for storage of oxygen and carbon dioxide. A careful study of pond organisms will reveal other interesting characteristics that are common primarily to aquatic forms.
When visiting a pond, does one und plants and animals in certain places? Just as there is an evident distribution of plants and animals according to soil conditions, climate, or food supply in a land environment, so is there in water. A still pond has many organisms different from those found in a rapid stream. In an aquatic environment, we call this distribution of organisms zonation. The diagram on page 6 shows how a pond can be divided into zones, and illustrates some of the plants and animals that are commonly found in them. It should be remembered that although some organisms are commonly found in a particular zone, these same forms may appear throughout the entire pond.
Ponds may have three distinct regions. The' first includes all parts of the pond in which sufficient sunlight will penetrate to permit the growth of rooted plants on the bottom. This is called the littoral or shallow water region, and in some instances, this region may cover the entire area of the pond. Another region is called the bottom or profundal region, and consists of water below the depth of light penetration. Most ponds will not have this region unless they are quite deep or very muddy. The third region that may be present is called the limnetic region. This is the area of open and deep water which is always bordered by the littoral.
In an ideal pond, it would be possible to distinguish three separate zones in the littoral region, each zone being determined by the type of plants found there. Looking from the shore towards the open water, one would notice tall, erect plants such as cattails, bulrushes, and arrowheads growing in the shallow water; this is the zone of emergent plants. The next zone would be made up of plants such as the water lily and is called the zone of floating plants. Growing in water too deep to permit any part of the plant to emerge are plants such as Najas. Plants such as this make up the zone of submergent plants. It is usually difficult, in most ponds, to separate clearly these three zones, since they tend to merge. Each zone, however, will serve as the home of certain animals and each serves a definite role in the life of a pond.
Just as an organism has a particular home, or habitat, it also has a certain job to perform in the community. All organisms may be classified into one of three categories. Organisms containing chlorophyll and therefore manufacturing their own food by photosynthesis are known as producers. Organisms that feed directly upon the producers and upon organisms are known as consumers. These organisms are unable to manufacture their own food. Bacteria and fungi that react upon dead matter and free useful compounds, elements, and minerals so that the producers may utilize them once again are called reducers. The diagram on the following page shows how these categories are dependent upon each other, the removal of any category being detrimental to the others. The feeding of consumers upon producers, and of consumers upon other consumers, constitutes a food chain. Thus, if Daphnia feed upon algae, and minnows feed upon Daphnia, and snapping turtles in turn eat minnows, as might occur in the pond shown above, the food chain would be: algae-Daphnia-turtles. The basis or beginning of every food chain is the food-manufacturing process, photosynthesis, which occurs only in plants that have chlorophyll. Thus the algae and other green aquatic plants in a pond correspond to the grasses, legumes, and other green plants in a pasture or meadow.
The diagram above applies equally to water and land organisms. The relationships between producers, consumers, and reducers are the same in all habitats.
Any effective field trip requires certain basic equipment. In general, such equipment includes field guides for identification of plants and animals; notebooks and pencils for recording field observations; hand lenses; containers such as jars, cans, and stout cotton bags (for frogs and snakes); insect nets; a garden trowel and plant presses; and preservative (one part formalin to nine parts water is often used).
Other necessary equipment may be constructed with inexpensive materials and a bit of imagination. A tow net, for collecting most of the organisms described in this issue, may be made of bolting silk or strong bobinet fastened to tough cotton cloth covering an embroidery hoop or heavy wire ring. Three cords fastened equidistant around the ring with the remaining ends tied to a long rope make it possible to pull the net through the water. The net may then be turned inside out and the collected material rinsed into a white enameled pan which provides a good background for observing the collected organisms. If a dip net is desired, the ends of the wire ring can be secured to a wooden handle.
A seine, which is often desirable, can be constructed by fastening two handles of lightweight wood to a piece of plastic window screen. The addition of weights and floats completes a durable seine. A perforated coffee can attached to a pole can be used to collect bottom organisms, and a weighted ring of barbed wire attached to a rope is useful for collecting submerged plants.
It is both fascinating and instructive to observe living things in their day-today activities, and to follow their development from egg to adult. Many pond organisms can be kept in any wide-mouthed bottle or regular aquarium containing a layer of sand and some aquatic plants, and filled with pond water. While Elodea and Vallisneria are best suited for use in aquaria, other plants such as Spirogyra and Chara may also be used. Duckweeds, if controlled, can be used as food for some of the aquarium animals.
One stimulating use of collected organisms is the study of life cycles. For instance, leopard frogs mate early in spring, and, with a little effort, males and females can he captured before they spawn durll1g March, April, or May. They may be kept in an aquarium containing moist sand and a supply of living insects (cockroaches, flies, etc.). A pan of fresh pond water should be provided for the laying of eggs. If one is unable to capture adults, eggs may be found attached to pond weeds and sticks and removed to the classroom aquarium. Fertile eggs will turn dark and hatch in five to twenty days. During this time, eggs at various stages of development may be studied under the microscope. A few days after hatching, the swimming tadpole will begin to feed on algae and other aquatic plants. Gradually the gill breathing tadpole undergoes body changes (metamorphosis) until finally the air-breathing adult stage is reached and the young frog emerges from the water.
Female crayfish with eggs attached to their swimmerets may be found during late fall or early spring. By placing them in a classroom aquarium, it is possible to watch the development of the eggs and young. It is necessary that some stones be placed in the aquarium so that the crayfish may hide. Crayfish will feed on algae and other aquatic organisms and care must be taken not to pollute the aquarium by overfeeding.
Aquatic insects make interesting aquarium members. However, a screen or cloth should be placed over the aquarium to prevent their escape. Backswimmers require fresh pond water weekly, and eat wrigglers and chopped earthworms or insects. Water boatmen are scavengers and need only bottom mud or debris. The water strider will feed on killed or wounded insects on the water's surface, and whirligig beetles will feed on raw beef placed on a floating toothpick, or on insects and fish food. Dragonfly and damselfly nymphs will eat wrigglers, other small insects, and Daphnia.
One jar stocked with Daphnia or Cyclops can supply the food for several of the larger animals of an aquarium. Daphnia culture may be successful if one ounce of dried sheep manure or bone meal per gallon of water is allowed to stand for two or three days before adding the Daphnia. Daphnia thrive on the bacteria supported by added pieces of lettuce, algal masses, or other aquatic plants that are allowed to decay. Cultures should be placed in subdued light where the room temperature is fairly constant. Cyclops do well in an aquarium supplied with sand, pond-bottom debris, growing plants, and water. Fairy shrimp feed on minute, green water plants but are difficult to maintain for more than a few weeks.
Hydra may be found attached to submerged water plants which may be placed in clean pond or aquarium water. They will eventually attach themselves to living plants and can be fed Daphnia.
Paramecia are cultured in a shallow glass container placed in indirect light. The culture media, prepared five days before inoculation, should be composed of thirty cubic centimeters of distilled water, two kernels of wheat or rice, and seven eight-inch pieces of hay, and should be boiled for five minutes. This culture medium is useful also for rearing the bacteria and protozoans which serve as food for Amebae. Amebae may be found on decaying water plants. The plants may be placed into a dish with a little water. In two weeks bottom sediment containing numerous amebae may be pipetted into the grain-timothy infusion which has been prepared at the time of collection. Avoid placing in direct sunlight.
Euglena collected from a stagnant pool can be cultured in a tall jar placed in direct sunlight. Eight wheat kernels added per pint of distilled water one week before inoculation will be a sufficient supply of food for four weeks.
Snails feed on fish food, tender aquarium plants, lettuce, or spinach leaves and are useful in keeping algae off the sides of the aquarium.
Leeches may be pulled from water plants, sunken leaves, stones, or turtles. They thrive in jars containing an oxygenating plant or in a balanced aquarium placed in diffused light. Once every few weeks feed ground meat, beef-liver, earthworms, or snail meat. If the aquarium has a well-varied animal population, the leeches will not need special feeding care.
Fish food varies with species. Gambusia, best collected in summer or early fall, thrive on ground oatmeal, insects, wrigglers, Daphnia, or commercial fish food. Minnows eat earthworms, insects, and bits of fresh meat. Fish should be kept in an aquarium with plenty of plants. Native fish should ordinarily be fed daily an amount they consume within five minutes.
Additional information on the care of aquatic organisms can be obtained from references listed on page 15.
Obviously the scope of this pamphlet does not allow description of all plants that may be found in or near Kansas ponds. Certain plants, however, may be considered representative. Among these are arrowhead, cattail, and smartweed, which have been previously described in The Kansas School Naturalist (Vol. 2, No. 1) . The nine plants selected for inclusion here were chosen because of their widespread distribution in the state and their relative ease of identification.
Hydrodictyon (Water net)
This green alga is found in still, permanent ponds. The plants form fine green nets which can be recognized by the naked eye. If the colony is not disturbed, the nets may attain lengths up to one foot. When nets attain this size, new nets are formed by the breaking up of the old. Each net contains about one hundred cells.
Chara (Stonewort)
Ponds with high lime content often contain Chara, a coarse, ill-smelling, lime-coated alga which grows at depths varying from a few inches to thirty or more feet. It has jointed, lined stems with whorls of needle-like branches at the nodes. "Fruits" are borne in the axils of shorter branches. This plant forms great masses of vegetation and ranks high as
duck food. Its presence in water tends to limit development of mosquito larvae.
Spirogyra (Pondscum)
One of the most common fresh-water green algae, these plants form bright green, unbranched strings (filaments) which feel characteristically slimy or slippery. With the aid of a microscope, one may see one or more coiled, spring-shaped, green bodies (chloroplasts) in each cell of a filament. Spirogyra often appears as floating or attached masses which make up a greenish scum, sometimes called "frog spit," upon the pond surface. Water surface area, volume of water, temperature, and light affect rate of reproduction. This alga is eaten in considerable quantity by ducks; however, it is possible that animal life residing in the plant mass is as much a food inducement as the alga itself.
Sparganium (Burreeds)
These perennial herbs with creeping underground stems do not develop extensive beds as do many aquatic plants but tend to produce localized colonies. They are stout, shallow-water plants which may attain a height up to five feet. Leaves are long, ribbon-like, stiff, nearly flat, and strongly ascending. Fruiting stems bear flowers in spherical, erect heads which at maturity become burr-like. These plants serve to anchor soil on wave-beaten flats and are food for many birds, mammals, and insects. They range throughout the eastern five-sixths of the state.
Potamogeton (Pondweeds)
Kansas does not have these plants in abundance, but they are an important group of seed-bearing aquatics. They grow in the deeper ponds at depths depending upon the clearness of the water. The leaves are submerged or floating, attached to creeping underground stems. Flowers of most pondweeds are borne in slender spikes that extend above the surface for wind pollination. When the fruits mature, they are drawn below the water surface. Some species with small leaves may be eaten entirely by water fowl while others offer only seeds.
Echinochloa (Wildmillet)
Wildmillet, also known as barnyard grass and watergrass, is found throughout Kansas in a variety of habitats. It grows in upland areas but grows best near water, especially on mud flats from which water has receded early in the growing season. Leaves and sheathes are smooth with stems branching profusely from the base to attain heights up to five feet. The smooth, moderately large seeds of these grasses are important food for ducks and other birds.
Carex (Sedges)
This large group of moist soil plants may be found growing in shallow water, along pond borders, and on mud flats that are covered by water in the late fall or winter. The leaves are coarser and rougher than those of most grasses. The fruits are usually borne on the solid, triangular stems. They provide food and cover for wildlife. Sedges are important to man as soil anchors and land builders in lowlands.
Lemna (Duckweed) These midget seed plants are among the smallest flowering plants in the world. Duckweeds are free-floating on the surface of ponds throughout the state and form dense mats late in summer. "Leaves" are two to five mm. long, radiating from a center point which bears tiny roots. In a classroom aquarium they make good examples of quick vegetative reproduction. They are used as food by wildlife.
Jussiaea (Water primrose) This conspicuous, prostrate, yellow-flowered plant is found spread out on moist banks or floating in shallow water near the edge of ponds. Its horizontal stems bear roots at the nodes in moist soil. In water, both descending fibrous roots and roots held near the surface by air-filled intercellular spaces are produced. It is scattered in range, chiefly in the eastern half of the state.
Euglena (no common name)
A green, spindle-shaped, single-celled organism with an extending whiplike filament (flagellum) used in locomotion. Green color of water is sometimes caused by the abundance of these organisms. Eye spot and mouth are usually visible. Microscopic.
Ameba (no common name)
Common on water plants or decaying leaves of water lilies. EaSily recognized as a jellylike mass with a changing shape and false feet (pseudopods). They serve as reducers and as food for consumers. Microscopic.
Paramecium (Slipper animalcule)
Rapid reproduction makes them plentiful if present. Recognized by their slipper shape, darting action across the microscopic field, and cilia on body used in locomotion. The oral groove and contractile vacuoles are conspicuous. Larger than Euglena. Useful as food for larger animals.
Hydra (no common name)
Contracts its body to a small size when disturbed but may extend it to a length of one-half inch at other times. Tentacles on the anterior end; basal end is usually attached to plants or rocks. Color is pink to greenish-orange. They belong to the same phylum as the jellyfish and corals.
Gordius (Hair worm)
A term applied to certain nonsegmented worms. They vary in size from microscopic to two feet long. Adults of common varieties are four to five inches long and spend only their adult life in water. Immature forms are parasitic to other animals. The female lays eggs in long strings after mating.
Eubranchippus (Fairy shrimp)
Body is transparent or pinkish-green and about one inch long. Their numerous appendages aid them in swimming on their back. Eggs may stay dormant for a long time and retain their viability. The Shrimp feed on larvae and are harmless to man. Good aquarium specimen.
Daphnia (Water flea)
One of many cladocerans found in ponds. Ovate body, which is 1 to 2 mm. long, has a tail spine and two prominent antennae used for swimming. These microscopic animals feed on algae and bacteria and are valuable as fish food. Good aquarium specimen.
Cyclops (no common name)
Their small, teardrop-shaped body is often visible to the naked eye. They feed on algae and other microscopic animals and are good food for aquarium fish.
Orconectes (Crayfish)
Crayfish are abundant under rocks and are nocturnal in habit. They eat mostly animal matter. The female lays about 200 eggs which hatch in late May. The eggs, as well as nymphs, are carried on the abdominal appendages. After three weeks they become free swimming and may live for six or seven years.
Libella (Dragonfly)
They usually feed while flying about above the water. Adults have finely netted, veined wings that spread horizontally when at rest, a long, slender abdomen
and large, bulging eyes. They feed mostly on larvae of other aquatic insects. The similar damselfly folds its wings vertically when at rest. Immature stages
of these animals are aquatic.
Rotifera (Wheel animalcules)
Rotifera are recognized by the cilia movement on the anterior end which gives the appearance of a turning wheel while the posterior end rests on a surface.
The body is usually elongated but there is much variation in form and color.
Ranatra (Water scorpion)
They are found on the surface or in shallow water with only the posterior end protruding for air. They are up to three inches long and have a brownish color and a stick-like form with slender legs. A posterior filament on the abdomen forms a tube for breathing while submerged as it feeds on small animals. They have little economic value.
Notonecta (Backswimmer)
They are about one-half inch long with black and cream-colored back, and oar-like legs. They swim on their backs. Air is trapped on the underside of their body by the hind legs. Their bite is painful and is paralyzing to small aquatic animals used for food. They are of little economic value but make interesting aquarium specimens.
Lethocerus (Giant water bug)
Insects found in all parts of a pond or on lighted streets at times. Their three-inch body is brown, flat and broad with strong, grasping forelegs. They feed on anything they can capture and are very destructive in fish hatcheries.
Corixa (Water boatman)
Usually found on the bottom of a pond. Their body is about three-fourths inch long, often with red eyes. Swim right side up with oar-like legs, eat plant oozes and slime and are important food for game birds and fishes and, in some countries, man. Acceptable aquarium specimen.
Gerris (Water strider)
Usually in flocks on the surface of quiet waters. Elongated body one-half inch long with short wings and short forelegs for grasping. As scavengers, they feed on snails and flies. They have little economic value and are poor aquarium specimens.
Culex (Mosquito)
Wrigglers (larvae) hang from surface to breathe air. Their body is almost transparent and nearly one-half inch long. They are most common in stale water and serve as food for small fish and other animals. Larvae emerge from water as adults after six or more days. Females are bloodsuckers; males suck plant juices.
Dineutes (Whirligig beetle)
Found in flocks on the surface of ponds and streams with a flat and oval body up to one-half inch long, blue-black or brown and black, with four compound eyes. Forelegs extend forward in reaching position. They swim in erratic paths, smell like apples and feed on other animals. They are valuable in mosquito control.
1. Breukelman, John, What Have I Caught?, Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commission, Pratt, Kansas, Bulletin No.7, Free
2. Buchsbaum, Ralph W., Animals Without Backbones, University of Chicago Press, 5750 Ellis Avenue, Chicago 37, Ill., 1938, $6.50
3. Chu, H. F., How to Know the Immature Insects, Wm. C. Brown Company, 1949, $2.50
4. Clarke, Robert F., Turtles in Kansas, The Kansas School Naturalist, Vol. 2, No.4. Supply exhausted, but available in many libraries.
5. Conard, Henry S., How to Know the Mosses, Wm. C. Brown Company, 915 Main St., Dubuque, Iowa, 1944, $2.00
6. Gates, Frank C., Weeds in Kansas, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, Topeka, Kansas, 1941, Free
7. Living Specimens in the School Laboratory, General Biological Supply House, 8200 South Hoyne Ave., Chicago 20, III., $1.00
8. Turtox Service Leaflets, General Biological Supply House, free to High School Biology teachers, $.02 per leaflet to others
9. Hall, E. Raymond, Handbook of Mammals of Kansas, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas, 1955, $1.50
10. Jahn, T. L., How to Know the Protozoa, Wm. C. Brown Company, 1949, $2.50
11. Jacques, H. E., How to Know the Beetles, Wm. C. Brown Company, 1951, $3.30
12. ............ , How to Know the Insects, Wm. C. Brown Company, 1947, $2.00
13. Johnson, Leland P., Key to Some Common Freshwater Protozoa, Bios, Vol. 27, No.1, March 1956, $.25, order from Mrs. F. G. Brooks, Box 336, Madison Square Station, New York 10, N.Y.
14. Morgan, Ann Haven, Fieldbook of Ponds and Streams, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 210 Madison Avenue, N.Y. 16, NY, 1930, $3.50
15. Needham, James G. and Paul R Needham, A Guide to the Study of Freshwater Biology, Comstock Publishing Associates, 124 Roberts Place, Ithaca, N.Y., 1953, $1.00
16. Palmer, E. Laurence, Fieldbook of Natural History, McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., 330 W. 42nd Street, New York 36, N.Y., 1949, $7.00
17. Prescott, G. W., How to Know Freshwater Algae, Wm. C. Brown Company, 1954, $2.25
18. Smith, Hobart M., Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of Kansas, University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, 1956, $1.50
19. Smith, Roger C. et al., Insects in Kansas, Kansas State Board of Agriculture, 1943, Free
20. Stevens, Wm. C., Kansas Wild Flowers, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 1948, $7.50
21. Swain, Ralph E., The Insect Guide, Doubleday, Doran and Company, Garden City, New York, 1949, $3.00
22. United States Department of Agriculture, Insects, The Yearbook of Agriculture, 1952, Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C., $2.50
23. United States Department of Agriculture, Water, The Yearbook of Agriculture, 1955, Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D.C., $2.00
23. Ward, H. B. and G. C. Whipple, Freshwater Biology, John Wiley and Sons, 440 4th Ave., New York, N.Y., 1918, $9.50
25. Zim, Herbert S. and Clarence Cottam, Insects-A Guide to Familiar American Insects, Simon and Schuster, 630 Fifth Ave., New York 20, N.Y., 1951, $1.00
26. Zim, Herbert S. and D. F. Hoffmeister, Mammals, Simon and Schuster, 630 5th Ave., New York 20, N.Y., 1955, $1.00
27. Zim, Herbert S. and Alexander Martin, Flowers, Simon and Schuster, 1950, $1.00
28. Zim, Herbert S. and H. M. Smith, Reptiles and Amphibians, Simon and Schuster, 1953, $1.00
First Section-Three Weeks
June 3 to June 21, 1957
Credit-three semester hours
Graduate or Undergraduate
Geography and climate of Kansas, soil erosion and conservation practices, water resources, grass as a resource, wildlife conservation, bird banding in Kansas, the school yard as a conservation laboratory, conservation of wildflowers, field trips, discussion groups, projects.
Second Session-Three Weeks
June 24 to July 12, 1957
Credit-I, 2, or 3 hours for 1, 2, or 3 weeks
This section will be devoted to production of a suggested guide for teaching conservation in the elementary grades. Several scholarships are available. For admission to the workshop or for information, write the director, John Breukelman, State Teachers College, Emporia, Kansas.
MATERIAL FOR FOUR ISSUES of The Kansas School Naturalist was prepared by the 1956 Workshop in Conservation-Hawks (October, 1956, Vol. 3, No. 1), Life in a Pond, Spiders (to be published next) and Trees. Plans for future issues include Along the Roadside, A Suggested Guide for Conservation Teaching, Summer Wildflowers, Fossils, "How-to-do-it" for Elementary Science, Snakes, and Birds; neither the sequence nor exact scope of these has yet been decided. Other subjects suggested several times by readers are Life in a Shelterbelt, The Sunflower State, Outdoor Living, and Water.
|The Kansas School Naturalist
|Department of Biology
|College of Liberal Arts & Sciences
|Send questions / comments to
Kansas School Naturalist.
|Emporia State University


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According to journalist David Lindorff, the FBI planned to assassinate the leaders of the now moribund Occupy movement "via suppressed sniper rifles."
Lindorff cites a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request filed by the Washington, DC-based Partnership for Civil Justice Fund.
The redacted document obtained from the FBI in Houston states:
An identified [DELETED] as of October planned to engage in sniper attacks against protestors (sic) in Houston, Texas if deemed necessary. An identified [DELETED] had received intelligence that indicated the protesters in New York and Seattle planned similar protests in Houston, Dallas, San Antonio and Austin, Texas. [DELETED] planned to gather intelligence against the leaders of the protest groups and obtain photographs, then formulate a plan to kill the leadership via suppressed sniper rifles.
The FBI confirmed that the document is legitimate.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Where it began.
Our cold blooded friends in a state of suspended animation.
Spotlight on Boise, halfway up Lucky Peak.
Summit! 5904'.
Balsamroot still brilliant up here.
Mark in the mists.
Horned Toad still sleepy on ridge road.
Mark demo's brilliant photo portraiture.
Stack Rock visible on the horizon.
We descend Shingle Creek...for today. Photo: Paul
Demonstrating high quality descents...not really. Photo: Paul
A surprise guest hovering on the turn.
Primed for the selfie.
Unexpected guests hogging the trail.
Guard dogs let us pass with a lot of barking and a little snarling.
Mark demonstrates big calves.
Arms for...balance? Photo: Mark


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Act II Scene 1
Look at the questions that are asked on the side of the scene. See if you can answer them. Some are hard, some are easy. If you can�t answer a particular question, e-mail me.
Notice that it is very dark. There is no moon and no stars (There�s husbandry in heaven) A good night for murder.
Banquo is excited by the witches� prophecy, but he resolves to be loyal to Duncan.
Hallucinations! Yes, I love this scene. Can�t you just picture Macbeth so overwrought that he is seeing a dagger dripping with blood pointing the way? He is so "into" it that in his mind the deed is done. He can not back out now. Notice the last three lines - I go, and it is done; the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or to hell. Macbeth will say something like this later on in the play. Keep it in mind.
Act II Scene 2
What is Lady Macbeth�s weakness here? (hint - lines 14-15)
Notice how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth interact. For a while, Macbeth is not even aware of Lady Macbeth. He�s rambling. Notice the "sleep" and "blood" images. These will be recurring images throughout the play. Why does Macbeth feel he will not sleep? (oops - there�s the clothing image again. Can you see it?)
What does Lady Macbeth notice that Macbeth has forgotten?
Blood, blood, blood - What hands are here? Ha! They pluck out mine eyes. Will all great Neptune�s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red. - Oh what a great scene. I wish I were there with you, or at least be hooked up to the ITV room. It would be great. Can�t you picture Macbeth holding up his hands, despairing over them. Then in comes Lady Macbeth with equally bloody hands, yet she "shames to wear a heart so white." Yeah, right, wait until later in the play. Her line "A little water clears us of this deed" is another ironic line.
Last lines - Macbeth is regretting what he�s done? Again, he will say something like this later in the play.
Act II Scene 3
Porter scene is comic relief - yes, it is on the border of obscene. See if you can pick up the innuendo. Why is comic relief needed here? Of course, it�s to relieve the tension of the previous scene for the audience.
What is Macbeth referring to when he says "�Twas a rough night"?
How do Lennox and Macduff react to the murder?
Why does Macbeth kill the guards? (look - the clothing image again) Why does Lady Macbeth faint? How do each of the guests react at each point during the scene? What do the sons say about the whole mess? What will they do? Why? Again notice Donalbain�s line "There�s daggers in men�s smiles" - "fair is foul"
I would suggest spending time on scenes 2 and 3. There are some heavy duty things in there.
Act II Scene 4
Ah! Look at those unnatural occurrences! Remember the Chain of Being from last year? No, well, I�ll tell you. The Elizabethans believed that the universe had a natural order. Each being had a place in that order - God at the top, the Arch Angels, the angels, the seraphim, etc, pope, kings, etc. , even down to the animal kingdom. When the order was upset, the whole chain would reflect the "disorder." So, we now have regicide in Scotland. How does this scene reflect the "shaking" of the Chain of Being?
What is Macduff�s feelings here?
Notice the last lines again - "�and with those that would make good of bad, and friends of foes!"
Answers to Act II Study Sheet Questions
1. Shakespeare is juxtaposing Banquo�s loyalty with Macbeth�s treachery. It also serves to have a creditably witness seeing Macbeth roaming the halls late at night.
2. Banquo has been thinking of what the witches have said.
3. Macbeth is asking Banquo if he will ally himself with Macbeth in future. Banquo answers that he will in any honorable endeavor. He tells Macbeth that he is loyal to Duncan.
4. Macbeth is hallucinating. He is seeing a dagger and then a dagger with blood in the air. Macbeth knows it is the stress of what he is about to do that is causing this.
5. Lady Macbeth�s weakness is that she couldn�t kill Duncan because he looked like her father. I guess it didn�t do too much good when she prayed to the evil spirits to make her hard.
6. The guilt of killing Duncan will cause Macbeth to lose sleep.
7. The water will wipe off the physical evidence of the murder but nothing will clear the deed with its guilt from their consciences.
8. Comic relief is a funny scene put into a play to break the tension of the previous scene.
9. He is speaking of the murdering of Duncan.
10. Banquo is aghast!
11. Macbeth kills the guards so they can not be questioned about the previous night.
12. If you believe Lady Macbeth fakes the faint - She faints to draw attention off Macbeth and to make it seem that the murder is such a shock for her.
If you believe Lady Macbeth really faints - She is surprised that Macbeth has murdered the guards. That was not part of the plan. Also, it�s possible that everything is catching up to her.
13. Malcolm and Donalbain, the king�s sons, are planning to get out of Scotland. They know that whoever killed their father will be gunning for them next and they are not going to take and chances.
14. Macbeth - feigns horror
Lady Macbeth - also feigns horror and faints
Banquo - is truly horrified, maybe even is suspicious of Macbeth already
Sons - decide to get out of town
Oops! I forgot a number 15
16. The four unnatural occurrences are 1. Day is as dark as night - eclipse 2. Falcon is taken by a mousing owl 3. Duncan�s horses become wild and bite at each other 4. Sons kill their father
17. Shakespeare uses cosmic events to show the severity of the crime of killing the king.
18. The "breeches" in nature are both the unnatural occurrences and the stab wounds on Duncan.
19. Macduff is suspicious of Macbeth.
20. This line means that Macduff hopes the people of Scotland do not wish for the times of Duncan over those of Macbeth. He is hoping that the old robes, Duncan, will not be better than the new robes, Macbeth.
21. Fleance symbolically represents life, hope, the future. As verbal scenery, he serves the purpose of setting the stage. It is through the conversation between his father and him that we learn it is dark out and there are no stars or moon. We also "see" that Banquo is carrying something and he passes it to Fleance. This is "verbal" stage direction.


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When a person creates a work it is their intellectual property. The creator/author has the right to authorise what people can do with their work: this is copyright. The creator does not need to apply for copyright, once a work is created it is automatically copyrighted. One way that creators, especially of books, remind people that their work is copyrighted is by the use of the © symbol. Usually copyright lasts for 70 years after the death of the creator/author. After this time the work enters the public domain and can be used without permission or payment.
Why do we need it?Copyright allows creators to:
What is the Copyright Act?The Copyright Act 1968 is the legal document that regulates the rights of creators/authors in Australia. It outlines what can and cannot be done with a work including books, music and movies. The act also outlines any exceptions that allows copying to be done without gaining permission, for example, being allowed to copy one chapter or 10% of a book without gaining permission.
Why is it important to respect intellectual property?There are three main reasons:
How does copyright work in a digital environment?Copyright also applies in the digital world. It does not matter what country the digital material originated in as international agreements do exist between countries. This may mean that an international website is covered by copyright. In Australia the Copyright Act has been amended to reflect the increase in digital formats. This means that:
How is copyright related to music and images found in digital media and on the internet?Copyright does cover digital images and music. Sometimes the creator may make the material copyright free but you need to check. The most popular form of copyright free material is Creative Commons. If the material is covered by copyright you need to gain permission to use it from the creator or the agencies acting on their behalf, no matter how much of the work you want to use.
The rights related to music are:


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The Junel 2019 issue of Orchids Australia envisaged despatch on 2 June 2019.
Contents of latest issue view here
Gift ideas
- a subscription to Orchids Australia $55 (shop here )
- a 12 issue (2 years) binder for Orchids Australia $18 incl. postage (shop here )
Latest orchid awards (to #6065 View here
2018 Orchids of the Year Awards View here
Guidelines for Judging Handbook - April 20198 version now available for download downloads
Looking for an orchid club in your area? see info. here.
Awards, search by genus or by awardee
View all FCC, ACE and AD orchid awards here
About submitting an article to Orchids Australia read here
Recent First Class Certificates:
|Cym. Justis Pearl 'Bee Jay' FCC/AOC 2018 (NSW) 87.5 02Aug. 2018
Awarded at: National Orchid Extravaganza
Owner: B James #5899
Photographer: G Bromley
|Masd. Stripe King 'Beenak' FCC/AOC 2018 (NSW) 85.0 16Aug. 2018
Awarded at: St Ives Orchid Fair
Owner: Mt Beenak Orchids #5896
Photographer: G Bromley
|Masd. Bay of Fires 'Highclere' FCC/AOC 2018 (VIC) 86.0 25Sep. 2018
Awarded at: Victorian Orchid Club meeting
Owner: Grant Garrett #5878
Photographer: Grant Garrett
|Den. Australian Ginger 'Golly' FCC/AOC 2018 (VIC) 86.0 11Sep. 2018
Awarded at Victorian Orchid Club Winter Show
Owner: Australian Orchid Nursery #5872
Photographer: Peter Adams
|Phrag. Cardinale 'Evergreen' FCC/AOC 2018 (VIC) 87.0 20Aug. 2018
Awarded at Victorian Orchid Club Winter Show
Owner: JW Crawford #5823
Photographer: John Sharam
|Paphiopedilum liemianum 'TOM 5#' FCC/AOC 2017 (NSW) 85.0 19 December 2017
Awarded at SPECIES Dec. Meeting
Owner: S. Tay #5770
Photographer: G. Bromley
Links to approximately 50 Australian orchid suppliers in Links recently updated view here
Links to over 30 Web sites of orchid interest in Links, a convenient portal: view here
What is the Australian Orchid Council Inc.?
The Australian Orchid Council Inc. is the national body representing Australia's orchid clubs and growers. [more about the AOC]
Orchid Judging System: The Australian Orchid Council Inc. coordinates and administers a national judging system for orchids.[more about orchid judging]
Orchids Australia has been published every two months since February 1989. It is consistently acclaimed as one of the leading orchid magazines in the world. The magazine is available by subscription only.[more about Orchids Australia].


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Palmers Brewery are delighted to announce that the winner of their Licensee of the Year 2016 competition is Paul Wiscombe and his #AnchorArmy from the Anchor Inn at Seatown.
The annual award looks to recognise the licensee from Palmers 54 pubs who has transformed their offer, developed their team and who has shown innovation promoting and marketing their business.
John Palmer presenting the award said, 'The Anchor have had an amazing year winning Dorset's Best Gastro Pub,Tourism Pub of the Year, Sawday's Pub with Rooms, a double Taste of the West Gold and four AA Gold Stars and I am delighted that we have been able to add the accolade of Licensee of the Year to this impressive line-up.'
'In addition to these tangible accolades,' added Jayson Perfect, Palmers Tenanted Trade Director, 'this award recognises the success Paul has had developing a team to run and grow one of the region's busiest pubs. Paul has fostered a great team spirit at the business and by encouraging several of his key members to take an active role on social media, promoting the pub and their offer he has created a digital presence and following that is second to none in our estate.'
'This is backed up with a relentless attention to detail, on menus, advertising and marketing, all promoted on a modern and up-to-the-minute website and app.
'As a result, a pub which has always been hugely popular is now a brand that visitors and locals associate with and which is now one of the go to destinations in the South West, with a reputation that extends well beyond our corner of West Dorset, drawing in visitors to the area from far and wide.'
'I am very privileged to have such a talented and enthusiastic team, whose hard work over the last two years has made these awards possible,' said Paul.
'All of us at the Anchor continually strive to ensure that every visitor goes away with amazing memories of the food and drink, the incredible coastline and their time in West Dorset.'


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I was just barely conscious enough at around 0530 this morning to notice the bed shaking as if a large truck was driving by the house. After it kept going for a few second, stopped, and started again, I thought, "Maybe that's what an earthquake feels like." The next thing I remember was my own snoring waking me up about an hour later. When I got up at 0745, I turned on the news to hear that there was a 5.2-scale earthquake in West Salem, IL that could be felt throughout the midwest.
So, all those trips to the west coast and I never felt an earthquake. Apparently, I just had to stay home!
Info from the USGS is here.


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ROCK HILL, S.C. - Elizabeth N. King, associate professor emerita of biology at Winthrop, recently established an endowed scholarship for graduate work in cellular biology at Winthrop with an initial gift of $50,000 and a pledge of at least an additional $500,000. The atrium in the Life Sciences Building is to be named in her honor during a ceremony March 21.
The first of the scholarships through the Elizabeth Norfleet King Endowment in Cellular Biology will be awarded this fall.
Winthrop officials said they are delighted with King's generous gift. "Dr. King's love for Winthrop and students did not end when she retired from the faculty. Her gift is important support for graduate students that will help them focus time and energy on their studies. This will strengthen graduate students' experiences here," said Tom Moore, vice president for academic affairs.
King was recruited to Winthrop to teach cellular biology, joining the Winthrop faculty in 1969. She also taught endocrinology and human biology classes until her retirement from Winthrop in 1994. King taught at a variety of colleges, including Wellesley, the University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Duke and Vassar prior to her 25 years at Winthrop.
She continues to live in Rock Hill and frequently visits the campus and her old department. "She is trying to use her financial resources to help attract quality students to the biology program," said Dick Houk, a retired biology professor who taught with King and remains a good friend. "Teaching has been her life."
Her gift comes at a time when Winthrop has completely modernized its science facilities and placed increased emphasis on student "deep learning" through engaged scholarly research. Last fall, the university shared in a multi-million dollar federal grant with six other South Carolina colleges and universities to bolster its biomedical research and expand educational opportunities for undergraduates.
"This gift will help us recruit talented students to our growing program and will allow us to extend our ability to attract and support students with interests in pursuing graduate training and a scientific career in this important area," said Janice Chism, biology professor and director of graduate studies for the Department of Biology.
King earned her bachelor's degree in chemistry from Randolph-Macon Woman's College, a master's degree in zoology and physiology from Wellesley College and her Ph.D. in cellular physiology from Duke University.
Former student Lynn Goodson Snyder '73, now a part-time biology instructor at Winthrop, said King was always on the cutting edge of her field. "I really hold her in high esteem," said Snyder, who still keeps in contact with King. "She has been very dedicated to science."
During Winthrop's first capital campaign, King established a $100,000 endowment for faculty research in biology in memory of her parents, R. Morrison and Miriam D. King of Concord, N.C. King's mother taught in the public schools of Concord for six years before her marriage and continued a lifelong support for education. King's father, Dr. R. Morrison King, taught small classes of nurses until certified nursing schools became available. He also served for many years as chairman of the Concord school board and was Cabarrus Memorial Hospital's first chief of staff.
For more information, contact the Office of Development at 803/323-2150.
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Monday, May 3, 2010
Baking to Remember
The past week or so baking has really been my creative outlet instead of the usual knitting or sewing. Something about the whole process of creating healthy but delicious food has really been a much needed meditation for me, even if it sometimes doesn't come out that great. Of course it helps to have two eager helpers. K has always been my sous-chef and C is right there with her. You should here the conversations between K and I when we are cooking, she loves being called sous-chef!
Last baking day I had a craving for bagels with cream cheese. The girls and I decided to try to make our own whole wheat bagels. We tried the recipe in 'the New Farm Vegetarian Cookbook' and it was fun to make. Granted we need quite a bit of practice in forming the perfect bagel ring but I think we'll get there with practice. The girls especially loved watching the bagels being dropped in the boiling water, we made so many bagels that was a good 45 minutes or so of entertainment.
Part of our bagel assortment
After the bagels were done we looked for a good cream cheese recipe. We came across quite a few involving yogurt that sounded really good so I combined and altered a couple of the recipes to make up my own version. It was simple and a healthy substitute to cream cheese. It only had three ingredients, yogurt, honey and strawberries.
We mixed the three ingredients together (above) and then poured them into a strainer lined with cheesecloth (it's very similar to making curd if you have ever done that. My husband used to make it all the time back when he was a monk) and let it sit on a dish in the fridge overnight.
The next morning it was the consistency of cream cheese. Excited to try it right away, K set our table, while I lit our candle, toasted our bagels and spread on our strawberry yogurt cheese. Then we all sat down at the table and enjoyed our homemade breakfast (aren't those the best kind?). It was delicious. I can't wait to experiment more with the bagel and the yogurt cheese recipes to see what else we come up with. Who knows, maybe those will be my WIPs coming up.
Wishing you all a delicious start to your week!!
26 comments:
- boatbaby said...
Back when he was a monk?! There is a good story there methinks.
I was CRAVING bagels this morning and now I am ready to reach through the screen. What a fabulous home made breakfast, thank you for the inspitation Nicole. Being in the kitchen with my mom was ALWAYS special, even if the cooking/ baking genes never rubbed off on me. :)
- May 3, 2010 at 7:15 AM
Lovely bagels. I have that cookbook too...it's a good one. Actually picked it up at The Farm. You know we live pretty close to The Farm, right?
Are you guys eating dairy? What kind of yogurt did you use. It looks so yummy! My mom used to make bagels and doughnuts when we were little. I hope to find a way around the gluten.
And Kevin was a monk! WOW! Now that is neat story! I want to hear more!
- May 3, 2010 at 8:04 AM
- Jacqueline said...
Just when I thought that you and your wonderful family could not be any more inspirational, you casually mention that your husband used to be a monk! Thank you for writing this blog. You are a true inspiration and I treasure all of the beauty and inspiration that you share in this space. Someday when I am a mama I will surely look back on this blog for inspiration.
P.S. This is my first time commenting here but I've been reading for quite some time!
- May 3, 2010 at 8:04 AM
Yum! I've been totally craving bagels & cream cheese lately. These look so good.
- May 3, 2010 at 8:09 AM
- Joy said...
I love it all! The bagels look yummy and the cream cheese looks fabulous! I really want to try the yogurt cheese. We made spelt pretzels similar to your bagels, and they were a huge hit here. Fun stuff!
- May 3, 2010 at 8:12 AM
- Katie said...
Those look so good!What a great idea :)
- May 3, 2010 at 8:20 AM
- Mat. Emily said...
Mmmm.... Bagels and Cream Cheese! We are heading out to visit our families this week, and I always buy a dozen bagels from the best bagel place I know there! They are delicious and you have me craving them now!! :)
- May 3, 2010 at 8:35 AM
Good for you! It continues to surprise me how absolutely delicious homemade foods like spreads and sourdough really are. I haven't made bagels yet, but I do have fond memories of my mom making doughnuts, ONCE.
If you have not already heard about it, I have to recommend the newly released book, "Radical Homemakers: Reclaiming Domesticity from a Consumer Culture." It's right up your ally, with encouragement and challenges to continuing on a path of self-sufficiency and positive, simple living. I just started reading and reviewing it on my Euhoria blog: http://www.euphoriababy.com/blog/
- May 3, 2010 at 9:12 AM
What a sweet post. I bake several times a week. It's so meditative and healing. I find a lot of comfort in the familiar rhythm. :-)
- May 3, 2010 at 10:15 AM
- renee ~ heirloom seasons said...
Do you really bake only one day a week though? I made that same bagel recipe about 13 years ago, then never tried making bagels again until a month ago, it was a disaster, a very messy, very time consuming disaster! Maybe I need to try the old recipe again, but I'm guessing there is some white flour substituting to be done. I will have to remember your cream cheese experiment, we just started eating real yogurt too, the girls love it.
Enough food rambling, for now, xo
- May 3, 2010 at 11:24 AM
- Kara said...
Don't you just LOVE when you can count the ingredients in something on one hand? :-)
And, yes, I need to hear more about the "used to be a monk" story, please :-D
Have a fantastic week!
- May 3, 2010 at 11:59 AM
- Heather said...
Your bagles turned out beautifully, and the yogurt spread sounds delicious. I love baking day as well, there is just something so warming about the smell of fresh baked bread
- May 3, 2010 at 12:02 PM
- Sarah said...
Yum, yum!! I grew up with my mom making whole wheat bagels quite often, so this post makes me very happy. :) that yogurt cream cheese looks DIVINE!! Mmmm...
- May 3, 2010 at 1:37 PM
- Alyssa Spring said...
I'm in love with the picture of your little using her rolling pin....not to self - MUST GET ONE. Oh...I wrote on my blog this morning about a book called Night is Coming and I thought instantly of you and your girls when I read it last night to my Brady. Have you read it? The pictures are beautiful....
- May 3, 2010 at 2:04 PM
- Rose said...
I agree that you can't just casually mention that your husband was a monk and leave it at that! We would love to hear more if you are willing to share.
And the bagels are gorgeous! I'm impressed!
- May 3, 2010 at 2:17 PM
You know, I have been meaning to ask.
do you eat the whole nine yards? No garlic, no onion, no egg?
We try to ( I do love my garlic and onion like crazy) but occasionally I have egg product as does my daughter. But my husband will not touch it at all. I see your baking and wonder if it is vegan.
That book looks great.
- May 3, 2010 at 3:52 PM
- gardenmama said...
What a beautiful, peaceful warming post Nicole! Both the bagels and yogurt mix looks amazing! Thank you for sharing this sweet inspiration : )
- May 3, 2010 at 4:55 PM
- Nicole Spring (Frontier Dreams) said...
Hee,hee, you ladies!! :p Quick response be back later with more...
My husband the monk..ahh yes :) It was a few years before we met. I'll see how he fels about possibly telling his story :) I'll keep you updated!
Yes we are eating dairy *gulp* for me it's a HUGE change b/c I had been vegan since I was 15 so almost 15 years!! It's only in small amounts right now.
We do bake many more times a week but our Monday baking day rhythm is the day we are more fully involved in it. We go through bread like crazy so that's made at least twice a week as well as extra yummies.
We don't eat eggs and avoid animals ingredients (like rennet)in our dairy. We do however eat garlic and onions. I try and replace them with hing when possible but for the most part eat those two.
Ok I have more questions to answer and I will be back soon to do so! Thanks everyone!!
- May 3, 2010 at 11:18 PM
oh yum, those bagels and strawberry cream cheese look so good!
- May 4, 2010 at 12:26 PM
- anushka said...
wow! those look excellent! even though my husband and i have just gone raw, we still feed our son cooked foods. i think i'll have to try this on one of our baking days!
- May 4, 2010 at 12:47 PM
- Stephanie said...
It's not silly at all...I feel my Nanny with me when I knit, bake, sew...all things I did with her when I was little. I just blogged about my mom's hands when we were kids, making playdough...and how I feel that strong continuity when I carry on those tasks with my children. Bagels look amazing! I love your blog.
- May 4, 2010 at 2:21 PM
- Naturalearthfarm said...
We like the yogurt cheese we make as well.
Thank you for the reminder about making our own bagels too.
- May 4, 2010 at 2:56 PM
- Nicole Spring (Frontier Dreams) said...
Thanks again everyone!
Alyssa - I haven't heard of that book, I'll have to check it out, thanks!
Stitchedincolor - My friend Marina told me about that book recently and I have been meaning to see if our library has it. You are pushing me to get off my butt and actually do it! Thanks!
- May 5, 2010 at 12:40 AM
- Marina said...
That recipe for strawberry yogurt cheese sounds absolutely yummy! I can picture you and your sweet girls gathered in the kitchen making some wonderful memories together!
- May 6, 2010 at 2:54 AM
Awh, baking with children is such a treat. Suche eager helpers they are, and eaters too! The bagels look so yummy. I bet they tasted delicious. Thanks for the recipe for the yougurt cream cheese. I'll most certainly try it.
- May 6, 2010 at 4:42 PM
- Earth Mama said...
Wow your bagels look great! We went down to the farm a year and a half ago, and were lucky enough to be there during one of their monthly community dinners. Yummmy vegan goodness indeed.
- May 6, 2010 at 9:35 PM


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Story highlights
- The European shows will run from May through July
- The dates for U.S. shows will be announced soon, according to Springsteen's website
- This is the E Street Band's first tour since the death of saxophonist Clarence Clemons
The Boss is back, and "things are starting to heat up down on E Street," the band said on its website.
After a three-year touring hiatus and the death of beloved saxophonist Clarence Clemons, Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band are planning a 2012 tour, according to Springsteen official site, www.brucespringsteen.net.
The European dates will run from mid-May until the end of July and will be announced later this week, the website stated. Information on U.S. shows will also be announced soon.
The band also hinted at a new album.
"We want you to know that the music is almost done (but still untitled), we have almost settled on the release date (but not quite yet), and that we are all incredibly excited about everything that we're planning for 2012. That's all the info we have for right now, but we'll get back to you -- real soon," Springsteen said on the website.
The 2012 tour announcement came five months after the death of Clemons, known by fans around the world as "The Big Man."
Springsteen's last tour was the "Working on a Dream" tour, which wrapped up in 2009.
The New Jersey native release his debut album, "Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J." in 1973. In the nearly 40 years since, he has sold more than 65 million albums in the United States and 120 million worldwide.
Springsteen was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1999.


text: DigitalFacebook Concert Discovery App Bandsintown Divides Music Fans Into Five SegmentsFacebook concert-discovery application Bandsintown conducted an online survey of some 1,800 music enthusiasts and active users of the social network between the ages of 16 and 59, and it used its findings to divide the group into five segments: "Super Fans," "Plugged-Indies," "Soloists," "Dedicated Diehards," and "Tag-Alongs."By David Cohen|August 27, 2012 ShareBy David Cohen|August 27, 2012 Share Facebook concert-discovery application Bandsintown conducted an online survey of some 1,800 music enthusiasts and active users of the social network between the ages of 16 and 59, and it used its findings to divide the group into five segments: "Super Fans," "Plugged-Indies," "Soloists," "Dedicated Diehards," and "Tag-Alongs."The study by Bandsintown broke down those five segments by categories including age, gender, household income, average number of shows per year, and average spend per show, to aid bands, managers, record labels, and marketers with effectively targeting the right audience.Bandsintown described the five groups as follows:Super Fans: hyper-engaged fans and social leaders with mainstream taste.Plugged-Indies: dedicated independent music fans who see live music to express their passion.Soloists: like exploring music at home, but not in social situations at live shows.Dedicated Diehards: Live music is all about their favorite rock bands.Tag-Alongs: lukewarm fans who just go to shows for the social experience.And highlights from its findings include:Super Fans and Plugged-Indies are the most engaged with social media and most likely to post about shows they attend, but even the most engaged fans prefer to receive push notifications, such as Facebook posts and email alerts, about upcoming shows, rather than searching out that information themselves on Google, or artist or event websites.83 percent of Super Fans and 69 percent of Plugged-Indies usually buy tickets well in advance of shows, usually within days of hearing about them.Respondents were more likely to pay extra for offers such as artist meet-and-greets or preferred seats, than for convenience offers, like skipping lines or complimentary food and beverages.Super Fans and Plugged-Indies were both in their early 30s, most likely single, most engaged with and passionate about music, attend shows most frequently, value the social aspect of shows, and display similar behaviors.Bandsintown CEO Julien Mitelberg said:So much of fan behavior is anecdotal; we thought it was high time to examine real live music fans and get to the bottom of what drives their decisions around concerts. We were surprised to find that as engaged as these people are online, they now rely on push communications to find out about new events. Clearly, musicians and promoters need to take an active role to ensure that fans know about shows in advance, as well as provide premium options that these fans will pay for — and Bandsintown is set up to support all these efforts.Readers: Which group do you fit into? Sharehttp://adweek.it/2k8WNhm copy Adweek Adweek


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Well, this is it, at last I made it with HSK4 ! This exam is divided in three parts : listening, reading, writing. The whole test is marked on 300 points. To succeed, you have to grab at least 180 points. Last year I was 3 points short, I only made 177 points…
So, I steadily carried on reviewing my flashcards, writing characters, watching TV series in mandarin chinese, improving my syntax and grammar with the fantastic method book from l'Asiathèque, and this time I was ready to pass the test : I finally made it with 246 points and this is a real achievement for me, I'm glad I made it to this level, it's the reward for hours and hours of work.
Well, now, you might say : « so what ? ». So what ? This is a test that is officially recognized by the Chinese government, so if I had the desire to go and study in a chinese university, I am in position to enter straight into second year.
Of course it's not what I intend to do in the near future, but as I've already said, it's important to set you goals and that was my main goal this year. Now, what next ? I realized this year my pronunciation is quite poor, so I intend to make progress in this domain. I stumbled upon this article, explaining how you can boost your speaking. I've already begun to practice more accurately, and the first results are encouraging, now I have to carry on.
This week I considered I deserved a reward for this achievement, a…long-awaited reward (!). Let me first introduce you to Matteo Ricci, maybe the first foreign sinologist, his life is a real novel. And now have you heard about Grand Ricci dictionary ? It's a chinese-french dictionary, the largest chinese-foreign language dictionary in the world. Its story alone is an incredible adventure, it involved the lives of dozens of scholars over more than 50 years, beginning after World War II, you can read here this unbelievable epic !
Three years ago, it was released as an official add-on to the famous Pleco app I often talked about in this blog. But I knew I wasn't ready, I had to work to be able to enter this tremendous piece of knowledge. Eventually I purchased it a few days ago, and I must say it's absolutely in-cre-di-ble. For only 60$, you can touch the entire story of a multimillennial writing system. In actual fact, you do not have one, but two dictionaries. The first one is Grand Ricci :
Extensive definitions, multiple interpretations, this alone is a tremendous chinese-french dictionary.
But there is more than that : the second dictionary, the Historic Grand Ricci. It covers the whole etymology of the selected character, gathering information on Oracle Bones, Bronze and the many following periods of chinese history. It's marvellous…really astonishing :
When you consider the amount of work that was necessary to produce such a powerful tool, it's really surprising to access these information at your fingertips. This ensure you hours and hours of discoveries and learning, I'm so glad I have the chance now to be able to wander through these pages !


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- Samsung Galaxy SL i9003. Doesn't work with any other phones not even the Galaxy S i9000. Check phone information in Settings before installing this ROM.
- Full Phone backup.
- 90% charge.
Alpha 1 at the time of writing this post.
- Bluetooth doesn't work.
- UI is not as smooth as CM9
- Video recording issues.
- Wi-fi hotspot issues.
- Some other minor issues as well. See credits link for more details
How to install Jelly Bean on Galaxy SL i9003 with Cyanogenmod 10
2. To flash ROMS you need Clockworkmod Recovery or CWM on your phone.
3. Go to this link and flash XXKPU. Please note that XXKPU can be flashed only after flashing XXKPE, so read it carefully.
5. Download CF ROOT for XXKPU and then install it by putting the phone to download mode, selecting the tar file as PDA and flash it. CF ROOT comes with CWM.
6. Go to CWM recovery by pressing Vol Up+ Home+ Power button.
7. Use vol buttons to navigate and power button/Home to select.


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Patsy Off The Shoulder Midi Dress
Very comfortable with a soft and stretch-fit fabric.
Patsy Off The Shoulder Midi Dress
is at the leading edge of fashion right now.
Available in sizes 6 UK to 14 UK.
Also available in all colors.
This lovely dress can be made to measure.
Next day delivery in the UK or you can collect it free at our store in Leeds.
Mondays to Fridays 10.30am to 5.30pm, Saturdays 1pm to 3.30pm
£70 per Patsy Off The Shoulder Midi Dress, if more are required please select quantity at checkout
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text: Originating from an employee-only home brew contest, this award-winning hoppy pale ale is named after the tiny local fish known for late night frolics on shore. A pair of new hop varieties lend strong yet balanced summer melon aromas and herbal flavors, while a soft caramel malt sweetness holds it all together. ABV: 5.5% IBU: 35


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The Firebrick Forges:
I started this forge about 2 months ago with firebricks and refractory cement I purchased from Consolidated Refractories.
It's basically 2 heavy firebricks with a chamber of light firebricks built around them. I've cut down some of the bricks with a hacksaw to give me the chamber space I was after and to provide a 'doorway' in the front for the material to pass through.
A hole has been hollowed out of the side with a blunt chisel to allow for a gas torch.
This didn't work from the beginning and it still doesn't. One of the issues is that I know very little about forges, let alone building them from scratch. I've done some research on this and although the information I've found has been very useful, some things are difficult to interpret from words and pictures alone so I think this is going to be another trial and error exercise on my part.
I think the main problem with the forge is the chamber. It's too big – and it's square. This means that not only is the little MAPP gas torch (guessing here) not pumping out enough pressure to flood the chamber with heat, it's also firing directly into the opposite wall, which is… a flat surface – so when the flame hits this wall it just sort of bounces back towards the torch.
I think that if I had made the chamber cylindrical, and a little smaller, the flame would have had an opportunity to swirl towards the front of the chamber and disperse the heat evenly. I'm either going to shape some of the remaining firebricks to put in as inserts to give me the shape I now think the chamber needs, or use refractory lining (kaowool, ceramic fiber) to do the job – but either way; Forge Mark I is going on hold for the time being.
After the failed attempt at the first forge I've made a temporary one out of a single firebrick. I got this idea after reading Wayne Goddard's $50 Knife Shop, and subsequently reading Blade's Guide to Making Knives where Wayne goes into slightly more detail about the forge.
The forge is basically a hollowed out firebrick with a hole in the side for the gas torch to poke through (similar to the design of my first forge but on a smaller scale) and the firebricks I have access to are smaller than Wayne Goddard's so it gets really hot because of the narrow chamber - though it doesn't allow a lot of space for billets. It's great for annealing and it was big enough to accommodate the Tree Project leaves while I was forging them, but I can't see it being used for anything much bigger than that.
Saturday, June 27, 2009
Forges and Fire: Part 1
Posted by BlackRabbit at 4:37 PM
Labels: blog, forge, gas, knife making, knife-making, knifemaking, workshop
1 comment:
- The Suburban Bushwacker said...
Hey Fella
1. It's arrived! Blog post on the way
2. email Todd at primitive point, he's built several gas forges
3. British Blades has some great stuff about making forges too.
Keep Well
- July 1, 2009 at 7:58 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


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In a mad rush to present our concepts to the Vice President of SCAD Hong Kong, John Paul, we began churning out enough sketches to wallpaper Gulfstream Annex, as well as 1/3 scale pink foam models of our strongest designs. Needless to say, we didn't sleep for days on end.
We took John Paul through our entire design process, starting with the research we conducted of SCAD's current transportation system, our brand identity of Greenhive, and the 3 personas we created as the design criteria for each team.
John Paul was a transportation design enthusiast, and was thoroughly impressed with the amount of work we produced in a span of 8 weeks. With constructive feedback in regards to our research and design concepts, we walked away feeling proud of how much we had accomplished.
But first, sleep!


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Situation: Newspaper readership has been steadily shrinking as young readers increasingly turn to the Internet for their news. In 2005 more than 50 million Americans per day used the Internet as their primary news source, up from 27 million in 2002, according to a study by the Pew Internet & American Life Project.
As a result of these seismic shifts in news consumption, newspapers like the Washington Post and New York Times began investing in their Web video operations several years ago. The Washington Post started offering video on its Web site in 1999, said Tom Kennedy, Washingtonpost.com?s managing editor of multimedia.
Company: Washington Post
Industry: Publishing
Video play: Adding content to improve the newspaper's news offerings.
Strategy: The Post is using a cadre of video journalists and in-house reporting talent to create about 10 videos a week.
Result: The newspaper has created several new video features, including one featuring columnist Dana Millbank, that has attracted advertisers including Cisco, Verizon and Blackberry.
?When I came here I thought it made sense to develop video capabilities because we didn?t need to duplicate what the still photographers were doing. Our focus from the outset has been to quickly turn daily pieces, somewhat similar to what you would get out of a TV broadcast,? he said.
The paper tackles daily news, columns and deeper subjects online, including the nine-month online and print series, ?Being a Black Man," that ran in 2006. The paper enlisted several dozen print and Web journalists for that project to produce a full multimedia series
Washingtonpost.com's video team includes six video journalists, who produce both features and daily stories, and three editors.
Video journalists shoot, edit and produce news and feature videos for Washingtonpost.com. The structure of the documentary film unit is straightforward: Video journalists working on a variety of assignments all report up to the managing editor of multimedia.
There is a separate unit more focused on cutting daily news video from hearings and pool feeds that reports up through the assistant managing editor. That unit also reports to Mr. Kennedy.
The daily routines of the video journalists vary widely depending on the day and the assignments. They may be working on a standalone video, or a video to support a newspaper story.
On an average day, one person is assigned to quick turnaround assignments and the rest work on assignments that can take between three to seven days to complete. Video journalists use Sony HD cameras and edit with Final Cut HD Pro. Only one of the video journalists has a broadcast background and most have still photography, print or Web development experience.
The paper?s reporters also produce video stories for the site, getting behind the camera and writing scripts. Washingtonpost.com posts about five to 10 video features per week and about 10 to 20 short news videos per day.
The site attracts about eight million unique users each month and generates more than 249 million page views per month. About 82 percent of Washingtonpost.com users come from outside the Washington area, illustrating the national reach of the material.
Problem: The Washington Post needed to a way to create engaging journalism that can support Web advertising as traditional print advertising declines. That meant turning to its existing content to see what elements would lend themselves to videography. It also means finding print reporters who have appeal on video.
?Washington Sketch? is a popular column that runs every day on A2 of the newspaper. Earlier this year, the paper decided to see if it could turn that column, written by Dana Millbank, into appointment watching as a weekly online feature.
Solution: The paper launched the video component to Mr. Millbank?s column online earlier this year.
?We had a guy who?s an incredibly funny person in print observing the political scene in Washington, observing the quirks and foibles," Mr. Kennedy said. "We wanted to see whether or not he could translate his humor in his written pieces and make them work visually on the Web.?
The goal with Mr. Millbank's videos was to test the concept of appointment viewing online and to build an audience and sell ads, he said.
Evaluation: Mr. Kennedy said specific Web views for the videos are difficult to calculate because of challenges in tracking usage, but the Dana Millbank videos are often the most popular videos on the site on the days they post. The politics section on Washingtonpost.com, where Mr. Millbank?s columns run, attracts nearly 3 million unique users per month.
Demand for advertising connected to Mr. Millbank's videos has led to sell-outs of pre-roll spots.
?We have had several different companies have video advertising on it and they all bought into it and rotate through it,? Mr. Kennedy said. Advertisers have included Cisco, Verizon, AARP, Nationwide and Blackberry. He declined to comment on what the price the Washington Post is able to command for advertising connected to its video.
The viewers are also sticking with the advertising, with a the majority watching all of the pre-roll ads, he said. Pre-roll ads generate the highest CPMs on the site. Mr. Kennedy declined to provide information on advertising prices for the ads connected to video.
Web video is not yet profitable for the paper, but the site is selling out, Mr. Kennedy said.
?Web video has the potential to break big at some point in terms of being a revenue stream," he said. Part of that plan is to get ad sales across a variety of devices.
The Web work has not had a huge impact on Mr. Milbank?s daily routine. He still writes five columns a week and spends most of his time at hearings and briefings. He selects one of those days he thinks is best for his video column, and a video journalist is assigned to him to shoot the hearing. The video journalist cuts together the actual tape.
Many Washington Post journalists are used to appearing on camera in interviews on television news networks, and the paper offers media training to make sure they are comfortable on camera. For Web video, though, many of the newspaper journalists are behind the camera. Preparation for that work includes a formal training process as part of the paper?s video program.
The Washington Post has three tiers of video: the short-form documentary news videos the video journalists shoot, video submitted from newspaper journalists who have gone through the training and are carrying mini cameras, and the videos that are a hybrid of those two, with a video journalist assigned to a print reporter.
Some videos can take several hours to produce since the site relies on a one-person crew for most videos. The benefit is that the process creates videos with a strong voice of authorship, Mr. Kennedy said.
By Daisy Whitney


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Part-Time Product Demonstrators - Eden Prairie MN
- Employer
- Staffing Partners
- Location
- Eden Prairie, MN
- Posted
- Aug 27, 2018
- Closes
- Sep 26, 2018
- Ref
- Category
- Administrative / Clerical, Advertising, Arts / Entertainment / Media, Business, Career Fairs, Customer Service, Education, Facilities, Hospitality, Human Resources, Labor / Trades, Legal, Marketing, Other, Public Relations, Real Estate, Restaurant / Food Service, Retail / Wholesale, Sales
- Job Type
- Employee
- Employment Status
- Part Time
Our client is searching for a part-time product demonstrator to join their growing team in Eden Prairie! This is a contract-to-hire position that involves working directly with customers in a retail setting. Part-time position but you can pick how much you want to work each week (anywhere from 12-36 hours/week). The Product Demonstrator will work directly with customers to promote our client's products and answer any questions from customers. Great opportunity for someone who likes to work with people and is looking for a part-time & flexible work schedule in a long term opportunity. Various shifts available to work and interested applicants must be available to work at least one weekend shift. We are looking for people who are dependable with great communication and customer service skills. If this sounds like you then please apply today!


text:
Last december I posted a blog about the development of the crane controller. The controller is working fine, most of the time… but because of the eararsh conditions and the moisture some errors occurred.
If you haven't already read the post about the crane controller, you can use this link to know the background about this story: Crane controller Dez2015
A big potential for faults is the fact that the pcb was made with a mill and not properly etched. This results in problems with oxidation of the traces. The vias between the top and bottom layer were implemented with copper rivets. This rivets typically build a electrical connection just by the force of the squeezing. But to ensure a longtime connection it is essential to solder all the vias after riveting. Still there is a high risk of failure due to vibrations and the non professional designed vias.
At the time two of this vias caused errors on the controller and the power board.
The second big point is the lack of solder resist on the pcb. With time the moisture in the plastic case will oxidize the copper resist and slowly build electrical bridges between tracks. This produces problems with signal integrity which can be observed in form of display faults and pixel/color problems. As the spi bus is already over its maximum length with 10 meters – which could only be achieved by using a differential receiver/transmitter – the signal integrity is a very important point.
All this potentials of faults can be eliminated by using a proper 2 layer pcb with a solder resist layer. As this pcbs are not cheap in the context of a hobby project I had to look for cheap alternatives to regular board houses here in Germany. As always: China shops are a hobbyists best friend! For example Dirt Cheap Dirty Boards is one of the cheapest board houses with free international shipping. You will get ~10 pcbs in 50x50mm for 14 USD or 100x100mm for 25 USD. If you do not need that much boards you can also use a service from the US. It is called OSH Park and you have probably seen some projects with the iconic purple solder resists. This service charges you by the area of your pcb so that you will pay $5 per square inch and always get 3 copies of your board. Depending on your needs you will always make a good deal with one this board houses. The quality is by no means as good as with a regular board house from the US or Germany, but it should be good enough for all hobby projects.
As the prices for pcbs larger than 100x100mm go up significantly, I decided to do a redesign of the KranPower pcb. The schematic has only been updated minor. I just layed out the board on the smaller area and resigned of the cutouts for better heat diffusion of the step down regulators. This cutouts turned out to be obsolet, as the temperature of the regulators won't rise above 45°C. By making that changes it wasn't to hard to shrink down the size to the maximal area of the 25 USD pcbs from DirtPCB.
Taking the chance of a redesign to make some changes to the schematic too, I added some components and functionality. One thing was the DVI connector. I used a 90° version this time to avoid bending the cable and its connector to fit it into the case. I also added a reverse protection diode right after the screw terminal. It is a 30 amp high power version as in some situations all the servo motors can draw their peak current.
The software also got a little update. I implemented a low pass filter for smoothing the movements of the crane and improve the safety of the hole system by that. By reducing the maximum acceleration of the crane, the risk of flipping the tractor over can reduced significantly as well.
#if defined(LP_FILTER) //Low Pass Filter ain[i] = ((LP_coeff * ainOLD[i] + (10 - LP_coeff) * ain[i]) / 10); ainOLD[i] = ain[i]; //store old value #endif
This C code is one of the simplest forms of a first order low pass filter with just one filter coefficient.
All the updated files can be found on Github:
GitHub: KranSteuerung V7.0
Eagle files: KranPower V2.1


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A couple of weeks ago when I posted about the new frappaccino base at Starbucks that allows dairy-free and vegan consumers to partake in the frozen caffeine goodness, some confusion ensued. It seems the new formula may contain gluten, and some were wondering why the light frappaccino base isn't classified as dairy-free while the regular version is.
Thanks to Kim at Gluten-Free is Life and her inquiry to Starbucks, we now have some answers. According to Starbucks' customer relations:
"None of our Frappuccino bases contain dairy as an ingredient. However, the Light Frappuccino Syrup base contains a milk allergen warning on the label because dairy is used as a processing aid during manufacturing. There are no dairy proteins in the Light Frappuccino Syrup base. There is gluten in the Coffee Light Frappuccino Syrup base. There is no gluten in the Coffee Frappuccino Syrup base and the Crème Frappuccino Syrup base."
So it seems the light and regular bases are being made with different formulas (one with gluten, one without) and on different equipment (one with shared dairy lines, one without). But remember, the bonus carramel drizzle and whip cream do contain dairy, so pass on these extras to keep the beverage non-dairy and vegan. Thanks again to Kim and to Starbucks for this clarification.


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Please Stop Hating on MTB Race Promoters! Like You, They Need Love.
"$100, that is way too much!" "45 minutes before the results are posted, who has time for this!" "Remember when MTB races were $35 bucks, what a rip off these days…" "$100, these guys are getting rich, I did the math ….."
First, no MTB race promoter is getting rich. Some who provide an amazing experience for their racers are doing quite well but shouldn't they be doing well? Restaurant owners that provide great dining experiences do really well? Bike shop owners that sell you $2,800 carbon wheelsets and $10,000 bikes are doing well. Why shouldn't race promoters be able to make a living? They are working hard to please you, shouldn't they make more than $9 an hour?
Second, your math is wrong! On a three day weekend race with a $100 entry fee and 500 racers the promoter is not making 500 x $100 = $50,000 for three days work! He/she is grossing $50,000 for two or three months work. Promoters spend months trying to find sponsors, dealing with awards, advertising, securing permits, marking courses, renting shuttle vehicles, dealing with USA Cycling, dealing with insurance, recruiting both paid and volunteer help, finding a timing company, answering thousands of phone calls and emails, dealing with upset people who PUT themselves in the wrong category, making sure their are enough porta-potties, marking the course/courses, watering the slalom track, finding shuttle drivers, running registration and i'm sure I'm leaving a lot out.
Third, gross income is way different than net income. Grossing $50,000 doesn't guarantee making even $10 an hour. there are A LOT of expenses in putting on a race. Insurance, advertising, timing, porta-potties, medics, USA cycling fees, permit fees, medals/awards, employees, renting/buying a PA system, re-bar posts, finish corral scaffolding, …, again, I'm sure I'm leaving a lot out.
I hope I never see another rider on a $7,000-$10,000 carbon bike complaining about an entry fee! You should be complaining about the $7,000 bike not the person working his tail off to provide you with a fun and fair racing experience. If you feel it is too expensive, don't race, you have a choice.
Now, if the race is really poorly run, that can be frustrating and then I understand complaining but it rarely helps (usually just makes you more angry to complain). Instead of complaining, take a deep breath, relax and offer the promoter a solution, "man, I know you didn't anticipate this many people but if you can open up another registration line I (or my husband/boyfriend/wife/mom/sister/brother/teammate/s, etc) could help out for an hour/day."


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In March 2013, nine members of the pre-medical honors group Students Taking Initiative Through Collaboration in Honors (STITCH) became FIU's first medical brigade to work in Nicaragua during alternative Breaks.
Students Ephraim Mansour, Zina Doctorovich, Patricia Perez, Amy Diaz, Alyssa Cheleotis, Eduardo Davila, Patricia Araujo, Natalie Cortez, and Jennifer Narvaez met, organized and raised funds for five months to make the trip a reality. With the financial backing of their friends, families, classmates, as well as some funds from the Honors College and the Center for Leadership and Service, they spent their Spring Break making a difference in the lives of people that would not otherwise be able to receive or afford health care.
Once in Nicaragua, the students worked alongside faculty and final-year medical students from the Universidad Católica Agropecuaria del Trópico Seco (UCATSE) in makeshift field clinics in the northern region of Estelí, Nicaragua. Together they provided free medical and dental services to more than 300 Nicaraguans. They also volunteered at "Casa Materna," a center for pregnant women that educates mothers on proper pre- and post-natal care to combat the high infant mortality in rural areas.
"What I hope to keep from this experience and bring in to my professional life is to never forget to keep the human component at the forefront of any interaction I may have," said Mansour, the honors pre-med student site leader.
STITCH was among five groups that traveled to Nicaragua during the spring session of alternative Breaks. The collective group represented the largest contingency set to a single country in the organization's 17-year history. The groups were guided by Panorama Service Expeditions, a travel company that specializes in service projects in Nicaragua and is owned and operated by FIU alumnus Norman Uriate.
Below is the first video in a series chronicling the journey of these students.


text:
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Dr Walid Al-Deeb
on March 17, 2017
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Peroneus longus muscle originates from the fibula and superior tibiofibular joint and inserts into the plantar aspect of base 1st metatarsal and m..."
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