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Jul 12, 2018 at 06:14 AM, vishnuprasad answered with:
Hi @asanjeev
You can achieve this by configuring file appender in Mule log4j settings. Please have a look into below URL for more details.
Hope this will help.
Jul 12, 2018 at 07:28 AM, rajeprachi answered with:
Hi @asanjeev , please refer to log4j2.xml file from src/main/resources folder. By default, it comes with a rolling file appender and saves the logs in logs folder of your server. You can add more appenders in the same file and can refer to them from loggers
Jul 12, 2018 at 09:21 AM, asanjeev answered with:


text:
The teli Advantage
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subset: commoncrawl


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At first, I thought it was a mean spoof Stephen Colbert slapped together to ridicule President Trump's love-buddy meeting with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Then, with a sick feeling in my stomach, I discovered it was real: Trump had an over-the-top, staggeringly corny and melodramatic four-minute video made to show to Kim. It's a sort of trailer for a feature film yet to be made, in which Trump and Kim are action heroes — a shameless attempt to kiss up to the dictator.
A deep-voiced narrator sets the scene: "What if a people that share a common and rich heritage can find a common future?" (What common heritage do America and North Korea share? Don't ask.) "Their story is well-known, but what will be their sequel?" (Trump loves the familiar, so he digs sequels.) A phony logo comes onscreen as the narrator says, "Destiny Pictures presents a story of opportunity, a new story, a new beginning. … Two men, two leaders, one destiny." Is this movie called Destiny? From Destiny Pictures? That would be like Paramount Pictures putting out a movie called Paramount.
Filled with sunrises and scenes of happy people eating great food and making nonstop scientific breakthroughs, what I'll call The Destiny Picture has two big stars. The narrator intones, "Featuring President Donald Trump and Chairman Kim Jong Un in a meeting to remake history, to shine in the sun." Can you imagine what the dictator must have thought when Trump pulled out his iPad and showed him this bit of schlock? There is no limit to which Trump can embarrass himself, and us. During a press conference held after the summit, Trump said, "I think he loved it." Meanwhile, Kim offered his own take on their meeting, saying through a translator that some might think it's "a scene from a science-fiction movie." He was probably thinking of Solo.
Watch: Trump made a fake movie trailer for his meeting with Kim Jong Un, and it's bizarre
Read more from Yahoo Entertainment:


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Mulholland Drive
Buy This at Allposters.com
The film I have chosen to focus on is David Lynch's Mulholland Drive (2001), a film so full of twists and turns, it's hard to wrap your head around on first viewing. It is so full of layers, it is quite difficult to describe the plot without giving anyone a headache. On first viewing, Mulholland Drive comes across as a fairly normal film, albeit with strange twists and turns, film devices to be expected from David Lynch. When I first watched it, I was left scratching my head, frustrated that I didn't understand the whole concept. I was urged to re-watch it, paying close attention to the details. Mulholland Drive can be described with two concepts. The first concept is what the audience is first introduced to at the start of the film - a story about a woman called Betty moving to Hollywood to try and break into acting. She stumbles across Rita, a woman who is suffering from amnesia after surviving a car crash. From there, the two women form a partnership to try and figure out how Rita came to be in the accident and find any clues to help jolt her memory. Which sounds straightforward enough, until the film introduces other characters and subplots. And so, the two characters carry on with trying to find answers to the question they have until it leads them to a theatre. And that's where events in the film take an even stranger twist leading onto the second concept of the film. Just after halfway through Mulholland Drive, the whole plot shifts focus - with same characters having different personas, same scenes having different meanings. Betty becomes Diane, a messed-up wannabe actress, far from the eager, perky Betty Naomi Watts portrayed in the first half of the film. Rita becomes Camilla, a woman who has everything - success, beauty, a partner. The audience soon discovers that Diane and Camilla were involved in a romantic relationship - with Diane being the obsessed, meek partner of the two and Camilla being the dominant, unsympathetic one, complete opposite to the first half of the film. If we describe the film in two halves, it may be easier to grasp the concept of the plot and any meanings. It may be safe to say, in my opinion, that Diane and Camilla are the real-life characters here, with 'Betty' and 'Rita''s part of the story, either a dream or a fantasy world that Diane has conjured up to cope with the agony of what she has done (ordering the hit on her former lover). This could be seen throughout the first half:
- The opening scene of a 50s dance competition - which may symbolise a more innocent, glamourous age. This is corroborated by the poster seen in Betty's bathroom, that of Rita Hayworth in the 1940s film Gilda (again, a glamourous time in Hollywood). Betty's desperation to be an actress in these scenes seems to be more innocent and sweet rather than obsessive. She is innocent and naive, as demonstrated by how she speaks and dresses.
- Another way this first half can represent Diane's yearning for a happy ending is the use of colours throughout each scene - a lot of warm colours are used in the mise-en-scene: reds, oranges, pinks (this is directly contrasted with the colours that show up in Diane's life - blues, whites which represent the starkness and emptiness that Diane seems to be feeling).
- Throughout the Betty story, we see little clues pop up, instances that probably wouldn't make sense if viewed only once without any concentration but make more sense once thought about - an example being of Justin Theroux's director character, Adam. His purpose in the first half seems to be for comic relief almost, every little bad thing that can happen to someone happens to this guy - he loses creative control over his film, his wife not only cheats on him, but when confronting her, he ends up getting beaten by the wife's lover (a cliched, over-the-top, cartoon-like character). All the bad things that occur to Adam could be a representation of Diane's anger and hatred towards him, the reason to why is brought up in the latter half of the film.
- Keys are a focus point throughout the entire film and not just in the Betty half. Betty and Rita find a key that in the end, does a lot more damage when inserted into its rightful hole. In the Diane half, the key is a sign from the hitman to let Diane know when the hit has been made. Keys open locked, hidden things from view - letting in secrets. The box that the key opens that sends Betty's world crashing down, which can be a metaphor for Pandora's Box, opening a box that should never have been opened, unleashing unspeakable horrors. This theory is supported by the fact that the next scene directly after the box is opened is the introduction of Diane and Camilla's story.
- The lack of music used in the Betty half creates the jarring effect that the film has over an audience, there is something unreal about the unnatural close-up lingering shots. This makes the focus on the character more intense, helping the audience noticing the smallest of details (waitress in the first half being called Diane, changing to Betty in the second half of the film). The smaller details, such as the aforementioned waitress, may help to confirm that the whole first half is part of Diane's mind and these clues of the real life are seeping through, showing the cracks in Diane's mental state as she tries to come to terms with what she has done.
- The scene in Club Silencio, the theatre that the two main characters discover in their quest to find answers, is the most jarring out of all the scenes in the Betty part of the film. It is here that Betty's life starts to crumble as, instead of finding answers for Rita, Betty stumbles on some truths she can't quite grasp about herself. This may be shown during the performance of 'Llorando', Spanish version of Roy Orbison's 'Crying' (which may have its own connotations). The two women are so overcome with emotion, with Betty unknowingly more so. She has a fit in this scene, which may be her mind being overwhelmed with the horrible truth that her life is a lie; it could also be a representation of the end of Betty's life that is soon upcoming. It may also represent something physical in Diane's world simultaneously - her realisation what she has done to her love, her suicide or maybe even any attempt to save Diane's life at the end of the film (although this is never implied).
- The colours, as mentioned before, are seen in Diane's apartment as a complete contrast to that of Betty's apartment. Gone are the warmth overtones in Betty's apartment to be replaced with the cold, stark tones in Diane's, representing her character and her state of mind
- The camera point of view during Camilla's engagement party. The point of view is that of Diane's and the shuddering effect that the camera shows, can symbolise Diane's deteriorating state of mind. It is here that she realises that she can never be with Camilla again and is maybe the point where she devises the plan to have her killed.
- The version of the couple that Betty shared a plane journey with, appearing in a manic, shrunken way. They appear from a box (Pandora's Box?) and plague Diane in a hysterical, frantic way, coming towards her laughing uncontrollably and screaming at her. They could represent that nothing is what it first seems as they appear in the first part a as seemingly normal, polite old couple (albeit slightly sinister with maniacal grins on their faces). They could also be a representation of Diane's breaking mind as it is this point that she knows that the hit has taken place, causing her to freak out hysterically, screaming until the only peace she can find is through death (a nice link up to a scene shown earlier involving Betty and Rita).


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- Research
- Open Access
Phenotypic differentiation of gastrointestinal microbes is reflected in their encoded metabolic repertoires
© Bauer et al. 2016
- Received: 18 May 2015
- Accepted: 30 September 2015
- Published: 30 November 2015
The Erratum to this article has been published in Microbiome 2016 4:35
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a diverse microbial community, in which metabolic phenotypes play important roles for the human host. Recent developments in meta-omics attempt to unravel metabolic roles of microbes by linking genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. This connection, however, still remains poorly understood with respect to its evolutionary and ecological context.
We generated automatically refined draft genome-scale metabolic models of 301 representative intestinal microbes in silico. We applied a combination of unsupervised machine-learning and systems biology techniques to study individual and global differences in genomic content and inferred metabolic capabilities. Based on the global metabolic differences, we found that energy metabolism and membrane synthesis play important roles in delineating different taxonomic groups. Furthermore, we found an exponential relationship between phylogeny and the reaction composition, meaning that closely related microbes of the same genus can exhibit pronounced differences with respect to their metabolic capabilities while at the family level only marginal metabolic differences can be observed. This finding was further substantiated by the metabolic divergence within different genera. In particular, we could distinguish three sub-type clusters based on membrane and energy metabolism within the Lactobacilli as well as two clusters within the Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides.
We demonstrate that phenotypic differentiation within closely related species could be explained by their metabolic repertoire rather than their phylogenetic relationships. These results have important implications in our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary complexity of the human gastrointestinal microbiome.
- Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions
- Metabolic modeling
- Metagenomics
- Intestinal microbiota
- Evolution
- Ecology
Recent advances in sequencing technologies have greatly improved our knowledge about the metabolic complexity of the human microbiome and provide novel approaches to identify beneficial microbes [1]. In particular, sequencing the (ideally) entire genomic content (i.e., metagenomic sequencing) of the intestinal microbiota has allowed the establishment of a catalog of main groups of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract and potential metabolic pathways [3] by avoiding culturing and isolation of individual microbial organisms. In this respect, endeavors of the human microbiome project [4] and the MetaHIT consortium [5] aim at establishing comprehensive data-sets of metagenomic content, metabolic functions, and taxonomic compositions within human individuals as well as the isolation and sequencing of numerous microbial taxa.
Despite these efforts, however, we are still lacking a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of the intestinal microbiota. One major hurdle in achieving this goal is the lack of organismal system boundaries, enabling us to associate the presence of metabolic pathways in the microbiome with a specific bacterium. Inferring metabolic roles by taxonomic classification alone is difficult because phylogenetically closely related organisms might be very different in their metabolism [6]. It may be therefore challenging to associate functional roles to entire taxonomic groups [7] to conjecture the biological relevance of intestinal bacteria. For instance, members of the same genus, or even of the same species, can be both probiotic and pathogenic [8], indicating a differential strain-specific adaptation. In this context, nutrient utilization can be a strong determinant for the adaptation to varying environments, since it can give a competitive advantage to other organisms that are metabolically less versatile. Thus, having additional metabolic functions can aid microbes in occupying further niches within the human gut. Accordingly, the functional consequences for the host change.
Current developments in systems biology allow the modeling of microbial metabolism to gain a mechanistic insight into the relationship between genotype and phenotype [9]. Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions form the basis of such modeling efforts. A reconstruction is assembled based on the genomic sequences as well as biochemical and phenotypic data of a target organism, and accounts for metabolic genes, enzymes, and their associated reactions [10, 11]. Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions serve as a blueprint for condition-specific metabolic models [10, 11], which are obtained by the application of constraints, such as known nutrient uptake rates. The reconstruction process often includes a gap-filling procedure [12, 13], in which additional reactions are included to better model biologically relevant phenotypes, such as the formation of all known biomass precursors [14]. Metabolic models can be studied using a variety of mathematical methods [15]. One frequently used approach is flux balance analysis, which is applied to investigate a functional steady-state flux distribution of the modeled system, while maximizing (or minimizing) a particular cellular objective (e.g., production of biomass precursors) [10]. This modeling approach has been used to investigate nutrient requirements [16], gene essentialities [17], and metabolic interactions [18] for organisms of interest, thereby providing new insights into phenotypic and metabolic properties. The reconstruction process relies on the availability of detailed phenotypic data for the target organism [11], which is usually not available for many of the commonly found microbes in the human gut [1, 3]. To obtain representative metabolic reconstructions for these less well-studied organisms, automatic tools have been developed in recent years, such as the Model SEED platform [19], to provide a valuable starting point for metabolic modeling. In fact, draft reconstructions have been used to generate hypotheses about the target organisms with subsequent experimental validation, leading to the refinement of the metabolic reconstruction [14, 20–22].
In this study, we generated automatically refined draft genome-scale metabolic models of 301 representative intestinal microbes in silico based on whole genome sequences of the human microbiome project using an established approach [19]. We applied a combination of unsupervised machine-learning and computational modeling techniques to study individual and global differences of the metabolic models and the original genomes. Our key results include: i) divergent reactions involved in energy metabolism and membrane synthesis which are most relevant to discriminate different phylogenetic groups, ii) a linear relationship between differences in metabolic reaction potential and essential nutrients determined by flux balance analysis which indicates that the phenotype is directly correlated to the metabolic repertoire, iii) differences in metabolic reaction potential and phylogeny which exhibit an exponential relationship, suggesting an explanation as to why closely related microbes can be very different in their metabolic traits while at less-resolved phylogenetic distances only marginal differences in metabolic diversity can be observed, iv) local differences in pathway presence which can be used to further distinguish representatives of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides. In summary, we demonstrate the importance of the metabolic repertoire of microbes to predict their phenotypic behavior in an ecological and evolutionary context.
Results and discussion
Selected microbes as a model for the human gut microbiota
Genome and metabolic model statistics of the selected microbes
Average per taxonomic group
Number models
Genome (Mbp)
Genome completea
Number genes
Number reactions
Gap-filled reactionsb
All taxa
95 %
3 %
95 %
4 %
96 %
1 %
95 %
1 %
95 %
10 %
95 %
1 %
96 %
4 %
95 %
12 %
96 %
1 %
Our analysis also included microbes with draft genomes (Additional file 3: Table S1), requiring the assessment of the overall genome completeness and the potential impact on gene annotations and consequently on the generated metabolic reconstructions. The completeness and possible genomic contamination by other microorganisms of the individual 301 of the individual genomes was assessed using a collection of 107 universal, single-copy genes [28, 29]. In our set of 301 genomes, the average estimated genome completeness was 95 % (Table 1). We further investigated the genome size and annotated genes among the 301 organisms (Table 1). Gammaproteobacteria had generally large genomes and a high number of annotated genes, while members of the order Bacteroidia had in general larger genomes but a lower number of annotated genes. This difference could be attributed to differences in annotation efficiencies, as Proteobacteria (in particular, gut specific Escherichia species) are very well-studied and thus have more homologous genes. Consequently, the number of reactions in the constructed metabolic models was higher and the number of reactions added via gap-filling lower. In contrast, we found a higher number of gap-filled reactions and a lower number of reactions in Actinobacteria (Table 1). This bias, which is well established for metagenomic analyses [30], is most likely the result of having less experimental data and validated gene annotation available for Actinobacteria. The presence of this apparent annotation bias underlines the limitation in current annotation techniques affecting particularly phylogenetically distant microbes [29–31] and highlights the need for more detailed experimental biochemical studies to elucidate gene functions in phyla distant to those containing model organisms [31].
Global reaction differences recapitulate conserved taxonomic patterns and phenotypes
The separation between Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria highlights that our reconstructions captured taxa-specific metabolic features, despite the mentioned annotation bias. Furthermore, Clostridia species showed a high metabolic diversity and overlapped with clusters of other microbial taxa (Fig. 2), which is consistent with the reported metabolic variety of these bacteria and their corresponding beneficial traits in the human gut [36]. Erysipelotrichia representatives are closely but nonetheless distinctly placed relative to the Clostridia in the 2D principle coordinate plot (Fig. 2). Intriguingly, members of Erysipelotrichia were formerly considered as Clostridia based on the phylogeny of marker genes [37] but then re-assigned to a novel class based on their phylogeny and membrane composition [38]. Similar to the Clostridia, Bacilli species were also widely spread in the 2D principle coordinate plot (Fig. 2), reflecting their metabolic versatility [39]. In contrast, other taxa had more dense clusters, particularly Actinobacteria, reflecting more specialized roles of these bacteria, such as the conversion of polysaccharides [40].
Overall, we propose that metabolic reconstructions could be used, in addition to canonical approaches, to assist in the taxonomic definition of novel microbes and the re-assignment of already described microbes into better defined taxonomic groups. In particular, our approach has the advantage of considering functional characteristics, in contrast to methods solely relying on the presence and phylogeny of marker genes. As also pointed out by previous studies [41], functional repertoires can have a positive influence on the annotation quality of taxonomic groups. Ultimately, this could shed light onto the metabolic versatility of microbes in general or in specific habitats, such as the human gut.
Energy and membrane metabolism as markers for metabolic divergence
Following the broader characterization, we aimed to obtain a better understanding of the reactions driving the observed separation in the first two coordinates. The separation of taxonomic groups is due to reactions involved in membrane synthesis and central metabolism (Fig. 2). In particular, different types of lysophosolipase reactions exhibit the highest explanatory power (Additional file 4: Table S3). These reactions convert various phospholipid precursors (differing in their number of C-atoms) and have the same direction in the first principle coordinate, because all reactions can be carried out by single enzymes and are thus linearly dependent. Similarly, the amylomaltases catalyze multiple reactions differing in their substrates (Additional file 4: Table S3). For the enoyl-ACP reductase, we found a variety of reactions with different directions toward the first principle coordinate (Fig. 2). This variation in angle represents a potential variation in distinct yet convergent fatty acid synthesis processes involved in energy metabolism and known to be present in the human gut microbiome [2], thus contributing to the discrimination of the different types of bacteria. This observation is consistent with the fact that fatty acid profiles have been used to characterize microbial communities before the advent of nucleic acid-based methods [42]. The synthesis of endotoxins was positively associated with the distribution of Gram-negative pathogenic species within the Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria, which is in accordance with previously reported correlations between various diseases and the abundance of Proteobacteria-producing endotoxins [43]. The transport and utilization of diverse carbohydrates involved in energy metabolism, such as mannitol, mannose, and fructose, were positively associated with the location of the Bacilli cluster in the 2D principle coordinate plot (Fig. 2). This association highlights the variety of substrate consumption as represented by these reconstructions of microbial metabolism. In accordance with the literature, Bacilli are known to utilize a broad range of carbohydrates [44].
The differentiation of taxonomic groups based on reactions involved in energy and membrane metabolism may have important implications in understanding the evolution and heterogeneity of intestinal microbes. For instance, Gram-negative bacteria have been reported to change their membrane composition [45] in order to cope with environmental influences, such as antibiotics and human immune agents, many of which target bacterial membrane compounds [46]. Additionally, ecological changes within the microbial community [47] can provoke a differentiation in metabolic capabilities involved in energy metabolism leading to altered interactions of the community with the human host, supporting the observed high explanatory power of metabolic reactions toward cluster separation.
The relationship between genotype, phenotype, and metabolic repertoire is non-linear
The relationship between phylogeny, metabolic repertoire, and phenotype is taxon-dependent
Summary statistics of the relationship between reaction content, phylogeny, and essential nutrients
Reaction/essential nutrients
(exponential modela)
(linear model)
Taxon considered
Spearman correlation
Pearson correlation
All taxa
Reaction differences reflect metabolic versatility among closely related microbes
To further investigate the metabolic divergence within closely related microbes of the same taxonomic group, we used t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) [58] for the two-dimensional visualization of the reaction similarities (Fig. 5, see Additional file 8: Figure S5 for point labels). t-SNE is a non-linear, non-parametric dimensionality reduction and has been used previously to reveal data-inherent cluster structures [59–61]. This method enabled us to identify fine-scale reaction differences, in addition to the principal coordinate analysis (Fig. 2). Several distinct clusters were apparent and corresponded to the different bacterial classes (Fig. 5). We further focused our analysis on the three most abundant genera in our model selection (Table 1). For Lactobacillus, we noted a widespread metabolic repertoire and thus a relatively large variability of members within this group (Fig. 5). We identified three distinct subclusters (La1, La2, and La3) within this genus. While La2 showed major overlaps with the other two clusters, La1 and La3 were distinct from each other. We investigated the differences in the reaction sets between the representatives of the different subclusters (Additional file 9: Table S4). Based on the present reaction sets, La1 corresponds to obligate homofermentative La2 to facultative homofermentative and La3 to obligate heterofermentative pathways involved in the energy metabolism of lactic acid bacteria (Fig. 5b). The pathway presence in the genomes explains why La2 overlaps with the other clusters, since the facultative homofermentative group (La2) shares reactions with the obligate homofermentative (La1) and heterofermentative group (La3) [44]. In agreement with the literature, these subclusters correspond to known divergent pathways involved in energy metabolism in Lactobacilli [39]. This distinction of biologically relevant phenotypic groups using predicted difference in metabolic reactions encouraged us to propose novel bacterial sub-types. Therefore, we confirmed for our choice of the number of subclusters by performing hierarchical clustering (Fig. 3) to ensure that the subclusters were substantially different. For the Bifidobacteria, we propose two distinct subclusters (Bi1 and Bi2), which differed in the reactions involved in energy metabolism and membrane biosynthesis (Fig. 5c). For the energy metabolism, numerous reactions involved in the uptake and utilization of diverse carbohydrates were observed for members of the subcluster Bi1 (Additional file 11: Table S5), corresponding to known strain-specific differences within closely related Bifidobacteria [62]. Furthermore, we found reactions involved in the uptake and conversion of glucosamine to peptidoglycan, which could be associated with membrane composition in these two groups. To our knowledge, such pathway differentiation has not yet been proposed for Bifidobacteria. For the Bacteroidia, we could distinguish two subclusters (Ba1 and Ba2). The differences between these clusters can be attributed to the membrane biosynthesis (Fig. 5d; Additional file 12: Table S6). Members of Ba2 possess various pathway types leading to the production of varying phosphatidylglycerol compounds, whereas members of Ba1 can further process phosphatidylglycerol to myristic acid. This finding is of particular biological importance, when considering the virulence and signaling purposes of membrane lipids in Bacteroides species found in previous studies [63, 64], which links the phenotype to the synthesis of membrane compounds. Furthermore, since energy metabolism and substrate availability via the diet are major ecological driving forces within the human gut microbiota [2], the metabolic diversification of other closely related microbes, such as Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., can be a necessary requirement to maintain a stable coexistence with each other and the host. Considering that optimal conditions for metabolic cooperation are dependent on the similarity between the metabolic repertoires of several species [32], this pathway analysis approach could be used to estimate cooperative as well as competitive strategies. In particular, microorganisms tend to have a higher cooperativity if they are not too similar nor too different [65], indicating that members of the same taxon, but different subclusters (Fig. 5b) might be able to co-exist, whereas functionally similar microbes may be more likely to compete with each other [54].
The requirement for a certain functional diversity to ensure a well-functioning cooperative intestinal microbiota is crucial to break down various complex dietary compounds and divide metabolic tasks among different community members [66]. Our results complement these ideas by investigating the metabolic divergence within a model microbiota, which can be primarily distinguished by reactions involved in energy and membrane metabolism. These capabilities play important roles in shaping the interface between host and symbionts, and thereby may lead to a deeper understanding in addition to metagenomic analyses in which all microbial functions are assessed [1]. Furthermore, the metabolic repertoire of microbes is proportional to their phenotypic properties, highlighting the importance of diversity in explaining the metabolic processes taking place within the human gut. In contrast to these properties, the metabolic repertoire exhibited an exponential relationship with phylogeny, underlining the challenges in inferring metabolic functions from phylogeny alone, in particular when using single gene-centric approaches such as via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Moreover, this circumstance can be regarded as an important evolutionary and ecological feature of the microbiome; functional components constituting whole pathways can be very different within closely related species, whereas the metabolism in the overall metabolic repertoire is limited. In other words, by dividing the metabolic tasks between certain taxonomic groups, the microbiota can make efficient use out of a small set of functions thereby facilitating niche partitioning. This result has important implications when considering the overall species richness of the human gut microbiome in the context of different patients and diseases [67]. Further analyses could prove these concepts by modeling interactions within bacteria and the use of the here reconstructed and refined genome-scale metabolic models.
Metabolic model selection, construction, and refinement
We selected a set of 301 microbes (Additional file 3: Table S1) representing species present in the normal gut microbiota of healthy individuals, according to previous studies [1, 3]. We retrieved the genome sequences as well as additional information about the sequencing status, oxygen requirement, taxonomic placement, and phenotype from the integrated microbial genome database [68]. The completeness and possible genomic contamination by other microorganisms of the individual 301 genomes was assessed using a collection of 107 universal, single-copy genes [28]. The genomic sequences were uploaded for gene annotation to the RAST server [69] using default parameters. Draft metabolic reconstructions were then built with these genome annotations using the Model SEED pipeline [19]. To ensure, that the metabolic models are able to grow under anaerobic conditions, which are prevalent in their natural ecosystem, we modified, if necessary, one to five reactions to enable anaerobic growth. The reactions modified for each model are listed in Additional file 1: Table S2. For descriptive purposes, reactions in the metabolic models were translated into our in-house metabolite and reaction database. The original SEED reaction nomenclature was maintained for the growth simulation. All refined draft metabolic models are publically available in their Matlab format at http://thielelab.uni.lu/in_silico_models.
Growth simulation
With v b as the flux through the biomass objective function, v as the vector of all reaction fluxes, v i,min as the minimal flux capacity of reaction i, and v i,max as the maximal flux capacity of reaction i. The solution (metabolic fluxes of all reactions) of this optimization problem can be obtained using linear programming. The flux through the biomass reactions can be interpreted as the growth rate of the microbe model. By setting the constraints v i,min and v i,max of exchange (transport) reactions, varying growth conditions can be simulated. Throughout this study, the maximal uptake was constrained to 10 mmol/gDW/h to estimate natural occurring conditions. The maximal achievable growth rate was calculated under these conditions by assuming that all exchange reactions are potentially active (equivalent to rich medium condition). Additionally, the absence of a particular metabolite in the medium was simulated by setting its minimal and maximal exchange reaction constraints (v i,min and v i,max ) to 0 mmol/gDW/h. By the iterative removal of each metabolite individually from the rich medium for each microbe model, different growth conditions were simulated. Essential nutrients were defined by growth rates smaller than 0.05 h−1 after removal from the medium. This cutoff was based on the estimated growth rate of microbes within the mammalian gut [70]; however, all calculated smaller growth rates were below 0.0001 h−1 and thus negligible.
Data mining of metabolic and genomic information
to calculate the metabolic proximity according to [32]. Based on the obtained distance matrix of the reaction content, we used principle coordinate analysis [33] and t-SNE [58] for reducing the dimensionality from 301 to 2. The two-dimensional embeddings were visualized by scatter plots. Using principle coordinate analysis, we analyzed reaction differences between the metabolic models on a global scale by correlating each reaction to the principle coordinates and subsequently selecting the 200 reactions with the highest correlation (Additional file 4: Table S3). The t-SNE-based visualization was used to identify local differences, with a detailed analysis of cluster structures within the genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides. The reaction set differences between the determined sub-types of these genera were then used to identify type specific pathways.
Phylogenetic analysis
In addition to the determined metabolic difference, we used the phylogenetic relationships between the microbes as a measure of divergence. The phylogeny was computed with PhyloPhlAn, which uses a set of around 400 protein-coding genes for the phylogenetic placement [48]. In addition to the 301 bacterial genomes, the genomes of the archaea Methanobrevibacter smithii ATCC35061 and Methanosphaera stadtmanae DSM 3091 were used as an out-group to root the phylogenetic tree (Additional file 5: Figure S2). The resulting phylogenetic tree was visualized using EvolView [72]. The phylogenetic difference between the different bacteria was computed using the cophenetic distance based on the rooted tree [49].
Correlation between phylogeny, metabolic repertoire, and essential nutrients
to be the best fit. We complemented the exponential model with the Spearman correlation and the linear model with the Pearson correlation as a measure of association between the variables. The goodness of fit measures for the different models and subsets of the data can be found in Table 2. The fitted parameters α and β for all plots in Fig. 4 can be found in Additional file 10: Table S7.
The authors are thankful to Mrs Almut Heinken for helping with the refinement of the draft metabolic models to account for anaerobic metabolisms and Dr. Dmitry Ravcheev for providing information about aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms. This study was supported by the ATTRACT program grants (FNR/A12/01 and FNR/A09/03), the Aides à la Formation-Recherche (FNR/6783162, FNR /4964712) grant from the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR), and a European Union Joint Programming in Neurodegenerative Diseases grant (INTER/JPND/12/01).
Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Authors' Affiliations
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|Sample poster from a talk held in 2014


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Program Calendar (2019/20)
PSYC-270 - Environmental Psychology
|Course Name
|Environmental Psychology
|3 - credits
Psychological theory is used to explore how the environment affects our daily lives and how we, in turn, shape and influence the environment. Topics may include wayfinding, personal space, learning and work environments, crowding, territoriality, and serious environmental problems. A greater understanding and appreciation of built and natural environments are the primary objectives.
Prerequisites: Minimum grade of C- (55%) in both PSYC 101 and PSYC 102.
Delivery Method: Online
Credits: 3 | Length: 45 hours | Course Outline for PSYC-270
PSYC-270 Environmental Psychology can be found in the following programs:


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Each week, we'll ask our stable of scribes across the globe to weigh in on the most important NBA topics of the day — and then give you a chance to step on the scale, too, in the comments below.
BLOGTABLE: Lessons learned from Warriors-Spurs, Round 2? | Giannis' future as a point guard? |
State of Cavs as playoffs near?
VIDEO: Relive the best moments from last weekend's Warriors-Spurs game
> Biggest takeaway from Warriors-Spurs Round 2?
David Aldridge, TNT analyst: Not much, though both teams were outstanding defensively. The Spurs can feel good that they were able to slow the Warriors down for a night, but until they do it against the "Lineup of Death", there can be no real peace of mind. It will be interesting, though, to see what Golden State's coverages on LaMarcus Aldridge are going forward.
Steve Aschburner, NBA.com: The seven-game series we get between these teams this spring, assuming the basketball gods smile on us, won't necessarily be a pyrotechnics show, all showy and shiny offense. And it still will be good, with plenty of moves and counter-moves, adjustments to adjustments, raw human emotion and all the expected drama. But the Spurs looked determined to have someone other than Stephen Curry beat them, an approach most Golden State opponents either haven't fully embraced or managed to deploy. Over 100 points or under, this still is what we want, "The Finals" before The Finals.
Fran Blinebury, NBA.com: Much has to be held in reserve considering that Andre Iguodala, Andrew Bogut and Festus Ezeli did not play for the Warriors. However, writing off the outcome as a "good loss" for the Warriors because they simply didn't shoot the ball well is a bit naive. The Spurs defense — the way they guarded Stephen Curry and Klay Thompson, kept men in their faces, had bigs come out to guard the perimeter — had a lot to do with that poor shooting. In the end, it was simply the latest move in a grand chess match that will only be great fun to watch in the Western Conference finals.
Scott Howard-Cooper, NBA.com: That Warriors-Spurs in the real Round 3 — the Western Conference finals — would be a great chess match of coaches. We pretty much knew that anyway, along with the fact that it would be a great series in a lot of other ways, but Saturday night in San Antonio was a good reminder of possibilities for lineup maneuvers. I don't think this regular-season game provided many real takeaways, though, at least beyond the news flash that Stephen Curry is human. Two championship-caliber teams? A terrific San Antonio defense? The Warriors feeling run down? We already knew all that too.
Shaun Powell, NBA.com: We know nothing, really, because Andre Iguodala didn't play. That said, if Tony Parker and Patty Mills can use their quickness to disrupt Steph Curry and LaMarcus Aldridge can effectively be a consistent go-to scorer, then two of the Spurs' biggest worries are solved. It's all a chess game right now until they meet in the West finals if we're all so lucky.
John Schuhmann, NBA.com: The Spurs' plan of countering the Warriors with size bore some fruit. San Antonio played through Boris Diaw and LaMarcus Aldridge in the post early and often, slowed down the pace, and racked up 24 second chance points, while also keeping the Warriors from getting out of the break, by beating them up on the boards. Andrew Bogut's absence played a part (the Spurs grabbed just one offensive rebound in 17.3 minutes with Bogut on the floor in January), but we saw why the Spurs went the other way last summer while the rest of the league moved toward trying to imitate the champs.
Sekou Smith, NBA.com: The Western Conference finals between the Warriors and Spurs is going to be every bit as intriguing as I suspected it would before their first game of this regular season. Two of the best and most complete teams we've seen in recent years battling it out for every single inch, that is the way I like it come playoff time. The past, present and future of the league on display in this one series. And we get to see it in a best-of-seven series with a trip to The Finals on the line … my big takeaway from Spurs-Warriors Round 2 is I can't wait for Rounds 3 and 4 and the rubber match in the Western Conference finals.
Ian Thomsen, NBA.com: How hard is it to beat the Warriors? They were finishing a back-to-back, on the road, against an opponent seeking revenge after a 30-point loss, Stephen Curry couldn't make a shot — and it was still a tight game. The takeaway is that the best any contender can hope for is to give itself a chance by slowing the pace, because Golden State is not going to be routed in a seven-game series. (Also, isn't it hard to imagine the Spurs winning any series in which they bench Tim Duncan? No matter how much sense it makes tactically, isn't he their soul?)
Lang Whitaker, NBA.com's All Ball blog: That the Warriors not only have a margin of error, it's perhaps slimmer than we realized. I know the Warriors were without 3 of their rotation players, but they've been without guys the last few weeks and managed to mostly just roll along. The Spurs felt like they somehow managed to slow the pace while still controlling the tempo, and of course Curry never really got going. Either way, I want to see a fully healthy Golden State team in this match-up before arriving at any conclusions.


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Current Book:
Lean In - it's actually not bad... not only is it well-written, but I actually find myself nodding in agreement at certain points.
Current Music:
My Pandora is currently on a "90s Pop" station. At least I'm honest...
Current Guilty Pleasure:
Umm... yeah, the Powerball. And/or all other forms of fast cash apparently, thanks to some particularly thoughtful friends of mine (read: Purvi M.)
Current Nail Color:
Summertime orange-ish! Sure, it may not be the "official" name but you get the idea. If you "think summer", maybe summer will actually... I don't know... arrive?
Current Drink:
Dunkin' Donuts coffee!!! The Dunkin' Donuts that opened up literally one block away from me may or may not be the start of a major problem.
Current Food:
TJ's granola!! I think I could live off this and this alone for the rest of my days...
Current Favorite Show:
The Cosby Show. It's been among my favorite shows for the past couple of DECADES, why would it change now?
Current Wish List:
This one's tough! I'll get back to ya... I know you are waiting on the edge of your seats.
Current Needs:
Sunshine (I guess the actual "need" would be Vitamin D)... aaaand a vacation
Current Indulgence:
D-E-S-S-E-R-T-S - of any and all varieties
Current Blessing:
Family (related and "unrelated"), friends - generic and a bit cheesy, but the truth nonetheless
Current Outfit:
T-shirt, sweats - it's 7 AM, what do you expect?
Current Excitement:
REUNIONS IN OHIO NEXT WEEKEND! Hollaaa!!!


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Baltimore Ravens (8-6) at Pittsburgh Steelers (9-5)
I'm torn on this one. On one hand, the Steelers are in a better spot than the Ravens, finishing their season with an easy home game against the Browns on deck. Favorites of 6 or more, like the Steelers are here, tend to take care of business before easy games, going 96-54 ATS since 2012 before being favorites of 6 or more again. The Steelers have also been great at home this year, going 4-1 straight up and against the spread in the 5 home games that Ben Roethlisberger started, outscoring opponents by an average of 16.25 points per game in the 4 victories and only losing to the Cowboys in a close 5-point game.
On the other hand, this is the biggest game of either team's season, so I expect both teams to be completely focused, even if the Steelers have an easier game than the Ravens do next week. The Steelers are barely 6 point favorites any way and it's arguable they are favored by a point or two too many. They rank 10th in first down rate, but the Ravens rank 16th. These Steelers/Ravens games always tend to be close anyway, with 16 of the last 21 matchups between these two teams being decided by a touchdown or less. On top of that, 10 of the Ravens' last 17 losses have come by 6 points or fewer, as they have a strong defense and tend to keep games close. I'm taking the Ravens, but this is a no confidence pick. I'd need a full touchdown to take the Ravens with any sort of confidence.
Pittsburgh Steelers 24 Baltimore Ravens 19
Pick against the spread: Baltimore +6
Confidence: None


text:
Hi, my name is Kim, and I am addicted to funk. EarPhunk played at the Broadway Oyster Bar in St. Louis, MO on Friday night, and they willingly fed this addiction! The show began around 10, and they didn't waste any time by starting off soft, as I was grooving in my seat while finishing my dinner. The band consists of rhythm and lead guitar, bass, drums, and some funky ass keys! These guys are straight from New Orleans, ready to funk your day up.
Playing shows around the South and Midwest for the past few weeks, including the music festival Wakarusa down in Arkansas last weekend, this was their last stop before heading back to New Orleans, and they killed it! Their stage presence is great, their involuntary funk faces are priceless, and they feed off of each other's musical energy quite well. For a couple of songs they were joined by a trombone player, and it was a great addition. This kid was no older than 15, and he jammed right into the funk and groove with out missin' a beat. Keep it up kid!
EarPhunk has some excellently contrived originals. At first glimpse, I viewed them as just straight-forward funk, but they throw in some twists that make their music seemingly less predictable than original funk, and a bit more raw. There's a captivating flow to their songs; they'll pull you into a jam, break it down to ground you a bit, then gradually build it back up into an epic musical climax. A couple of those build-ups literally had me on my tip toes. I don't understand how anyone was sitting down for this show.
The Oyster Bar's stage is outside, but still in somewhat of an enclosed area. Regardless, those walking by the bar could easily hear the Phunk, and many were stopping in their tracks to peer in and see what these guys could do. I'd say Earphunk has the ability to lure an audience in, and keep them stickin' around.
While taking their music seriously (quite impressive ambition for such youngin's!), they also seem very laid back at their shows, and want their audience to be having as much fun as they are. Spectators are encouraged to dance and even join into the rhythm section via cowbell, tambourines, and whatever else, putting on a hell of a show as well as creating a great vibe.
While chatting with bassist Michael Comeaux, he stated that a lot of their songs are about 90% improv, "I think I play a different bass line almost every time." They have constructed choruses and songs that follow certain patterns, but sure as hell like to jam, their creative juices overflowing and infecting audiences. Jamming as much as they do, I expected more repetitive grooves that each player might feel more comfortable with. However, I felt that whoever was leading at the time would work to take the jam to new places, while the band comfortably and willingly followed suit. Quite a talented and musically fused group of young musicians!
My suggestions for the band: a consistent horn section, more bass slapping and drum solos, and a New England tour!
My suggestion for you and all your funky friends? Go check out EarPhunk! You can listen to some of their tunes on their website and/or Myspace page:
www.earphunk.com or http://www.myspace.com/earphunk
Each beautiful photo was taken by Sarah Orschel!
Sunday, June 13, 2010
EarPhunk Funks It Up In St. Louis!
Posted by Kim Morrison at 5:55 PM
3 comments:
Thank you guys for coming out and taking these great pics! This article is great, and I'm glad y'all were sufficiently phunked by our grooves. We definitely want to come back to St.L very soon, and hopefully New England too! Hook us up with some people around there and we will be there in a sec. Once again thanks.ReplyDelete
-Paul P
Hell yes, and thank you! Solidarity in the creative community, it's a good thing.ReplyDelete
See you soon!
Hello, I'm Calahan and I am the Trombonist thatReplyDelete
played with the band on friday night. And by the way I just turned 14! Thanks for having me as a guest in the band! It was a great experience for me and opened my eyes to what bands are like. I guess being Mark's cousin has some benifits!
Thanks again,
Calahan H.
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text:
The moral and structural decline of the family in the United States stands undeniable. In recent days, certain states have legalized gay marriage. This has now resulted in the sanctioning for same-sex marriage by the highest court in the land. Nearly every unfavorable result of the breakdown of the family continues to increase despite numerous attempts to provide assistance through the writing of books, the lecturing in seminars, and the establishing of institutions. With an awareness of these unfortunate circumstances, Andreas J. Kostenberger writes a book that both identifies the root problems and attempts to deal with them Biblically.
Development and Structure
Kostenberger begins by identifying the problems within marriage and family as both foundationally important and acutely urgent. He begins by defining marriage and family due to the breakdown of the societal concepts of both. Then he speaks to the urgency of the issue by describing the institutions of marriage and family as "under siege in our world today… our very civilization is in crisis."[1] In reality, time continues to corroborate both of Kostenbergers assertions.
Problem Identified
Kostenberger quickly moves from introducing the subject matter as both important and urgent to identifying what he views as the deeper problem, one of a spiritual rather than merely societal nature. Kostenberger explains his assertion by suggesting that family provides the battleground of the forces of God and Satan in what he calls a "cosmic spiritual conflict."[2] While Kostenberger's assertion carries at least some validity, Kostenberger fails to elaborate on this point, not even drawing from a Scriptural data for his assertion. Furthermore, Kostenberger makes no mention of other potential battlegrounds that make-up cosmic spiritual conflict. For example, he fails to mention that church issues contribute to the cosmic spiritual conflict. While his subject matter narrows to issues with regard to the family, his use of word, cosmic, requires a more exhaustive list of areas that cause spiritual conflict. By employing exclusive language regarding the family's role, namely, that it stands as the "key arena." He seems to overlook other areas that may cause the reader to wonder if he will address relationship between the church and the family in his rather lengthy treatment on the family.[3] This of course, does not negate the fact that family matters carry great significance.
The book continues by affirming the purpose of the book, also essentially articulated in the subtitle. Kostenburger and Jones purpose to reestablish the Biblical foundation of marriage and family. Their intent clearly includes construction of a Biblical theology of marriage and family. They also designate their intended audience range from the single and unmarried persons to those who are marred and have children. Finally, they identify homosexuality and divorce as the greatest societal threats to marriage and the family.
The next major section of this chapter occupies itself primarily with a commentary on current culture including the listing of five negative consequences resulting from the breakdown of the family. These five negative consequences include an increasingly high divorce rate, pre-marital and extra marital sex, teenage pregnancy, homosexuality, and gender-role confusion.
While all of these items are negative aspects of family break down, the fifth, gender=role confusion is really a cause and result of the breakdown of the family unit, rather than merely a result from family breakdown. For example, a man's failure to fulfill his proper role in the home contributes to the breakdown of the family rather than results from it. This resulted in part from the feminism ideology that was largely successful in destabilizing the gender roles of the family within society.
The Thesis and Explanation of It
Directly after Kostenberger and Jordan's commentary on society, the thesis statement is stated: "An integrative, biblical treatment of marriage and the family is essential to clearing up moral confusion and to firm up convictions that, if acted upon, have the potential of returning the church and culture back to God's intentions for marriage and families."[4] Before proposing their approach to they book's composition, they point out that the majority of what contributions made to marriage and family issues place the Bible as tangential rather than central. Additionally, they view many of the authors who specialize in marriage and family issues also exhibit deficiencies in theology and Biblical interpretation. Kostenberger and Jones team up to essentially write a Biblical theology of the family that also handles and emphasizes the cultural problems families face. It argues that one must first have an accurate conceptual foundation of marriage before moving on to more surface issues.
While the over-all purpose, thesis, and approach to the book proves valuable and this chapter proves structurally sound, an analysis of three key areas will aid in proper assessment of this first chapter. First, the chapter's organization, though essentially sound, could use some improvement. There appears a moving back and forth between the problem and the solution rather than developing the problem thoroughly and then revealing the solution succinctly. For example first chapter elucidates the thesis between a commentary of the problems of the culture, and a commentary on the problems of current proposed solutions. It would seem more coherent to develop the problem and need for the book before moving onto the solution.
Second, the content of the chapter, though also valuable, also places the entire cause on the breakdown of the family on a lack of Biblical understanding of the family conceptually. While this significantly contributes to the problem, the greatest contributor to the demise of many families is sin and failure to apply the gospel. A person or family may know exactly marriage and family's function thoroughly and still fail due to sin and failure to apply the gospel as the remedy to the problem of sin.
Third, the writing style consists of high quality. Each paragraph is formed cohesively with clear a clear topic sentence, sufficient supporting material (accept where otherwise mentioned), and contains tight, concise prose. Among the most notable qualities of the writing style is the fact that the author wastes no words and every sentence proves clearly intentional.
Kostenberger and Jones write a convincing first chapter that will compel the reader to continue reading in the hope of finding real substantive answers to the problems that trouble current United States culture. For the individual who sincerely desires to place the Bible at the center of his thinking, and values depth rather than quick fixes, this book will prove greatly profitable. Kostenberger and Jones generally achieve success in accomplishing their objective. They do this by taking the themes of Scripture relating to marriage and the family and running them through the Old and New Testaments, observing the contributions each passage of Scripture makes to a given work. It carries more exact relevance to current US culture than an average theology would because it addresses specific issues that this culture is facing. Every believer who seriously desire substantive answers to the important and urgent societal and spiritual issues of the marriage and family should place God, Marriage, and Family on his reading list.
[1] Andreas J Köstenberger and Jones, God, Marriage, and Family: Rebuilding the Biblical Foundation (Wheaton, Ill.: Crossway, 2010), 15.
[2] Ibid.
[3] A cursory reading of the table of contents will quickly demonstrate that the author will indeed address the relationship between the family and the church in the thirteenth chapter, but since government was at least alluded to earlier, his failure to mention the church in this context may cause the reader to wonder.
[4] John Piper and Wayne Grudem, Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: A Response to Evangelical Feminism (Crossway, 2006), 17.


text:
Here are some of the reasons why guests choose our hotel and have made it one of Duluth's most popular hotel destinations. We are a 2015, 2016, & 2017 TripAdvisor National Certificate of Excellence Award winner, and a 2017 TripAdvisor National GreenLeaders Award winner. With 63 out of 68 rooms having outside decks, we have the highest percentage of rooms featuring a deck of any hotel in Duluth. Near popular Canal Park, Park Point Marina Inn is one of the newest hotels in Duluth, having opened in the summer of 2014.
As Duluth's award winning waterfront hotel resort, our amenities are new and state of the art. Our green programs make sure our impact is lessened on the environment, and the new technology we have in our water and energy conservation programs greatly reduce our environmental impact as well.
Almost all of our rooms have outside decks to relax on while enjoying your favorite beverage and watching the evening sunset and the harbor ship traffic. The hotel is located on a quiet, peaceful street yet still within walking distance to all of the activity of Canal Park restaurants, shopping, Aerial Lift Bridge, and the Lakewalk. Our 14 passenger air conditioned complimentary evening shuttle brings our guests to Canal Park 7 days a week for easy convenience.
Literally built 50 feet from the water's edge and overlooking the Harbor Cove Marina and its sailboats, we bring a whole new definition to the term Duluth waterfront hotel with the waves and boats so close to some of our rooms and decks. We offer relaxing afternoon and romantic sunset sailing charters directly from our docks, 150 feet from your room. Scenic yacht touring and charter fishing is available 7 days a week for memories that will last a lifetime.
Our certified concierge service team has extensive local knowledge of the best activities, events, restaurants, excursions, hot spots and quiet spots in Duluth, and the surrounding areas. They have at their access the newest hospitality website to help coordinate your stay with us. They are committed to our hospitality policy, to always be striving to exceed our guest's expectations and then some.
We are excited to make your visit memorable, whether it's your first trip to Duluth or you return here frequently. We will welcome you as guests and hope you return as friends.
Our free 73 item Pantry Breakfast Buffet with its waffles, eggs, sausage and potatoes, danishes, oatmeal, bagels, muffins, fresh fruit, yogurt, cereal, cappuccino, and the perfect cup of coffee will help start your morning in a positive direction every day of your stay. Our Harbor View Patio provides guests with a spectacular view of the ship and marine traffic while enjoying their breakfasts.
Our Harbor Cove Lounge offers Kettle River frozen pizza and pretzels 24 hours a day, along with select beers, wine, hard lemonade, pre-made mix drinks and ales during regular business hours.
The 24 hour Water's Edge Mercantile & Gift Shop provides a wide variety of toiletries along with snacks, beverages, ice cream, and select frozen meals.
Built on the former site of the historic Duluth Boat Club, our architectural interior and exterior design captures the heritage and grandeur of the historic club while providing the most modern technology available to any guest staying in the Duluth area.
Right next door to the hotel, 300 feet away, is the Duluth Coast Guard station and its 225 foot ship the Alder. It shows our guests a dramatic sight of a working ice cutter ship just off of our Harborview patio.
The hotel's Breakwater Pier Walk provides all of our guests with a fantastic view of all ships leaving and entering the harbor with a picnic area to relax at while taking pictures of the marina traffic.
All of our guest rooms have our trademarked and invigorating Revive and Relax Bathroom Amenity Program with individual make-up mirror, plush towels, superior soaps, soothing shampoos and invigorating showers. Each room has our Ultra Comfort Deluxe Bedding and Linen Package with two different types of pillows, high thread count linens, and Serta Deluxe Prestige Suite Plush Beds. All rooms have a microwave, refrigerator, iHome clock radio, 39 inch LED satellite television with over 300 channels, electronic safe, wired and wireless internet, an ergonomic chair, executive desk, recycling containers, iron & ironing board, and desk lamp with USB ports.
Our family indoor recreation area features a fitness center, indoor pool, sauna, hot tub, arcade games, and two outdoor patios to provide all of our guests and families with hours of fun and entertainment.
We invite you to cross over the bridge from ordinary and experience our harbor view resort on majestic Park Point.


text:
Ninth Street Dance Studio was recognized as big part of Durham's revival.
Published: 02/17
"before I discovered the Full Frame Documentary Film Festival, the Manbites Dog Theater, the Ninth Street Dance studio, and the veritable ant farm of artist collectives and underground galleries that, even back then, were slowly reviving a town that others had written off."
— "Bullish on the Bull City" Bronwen Dickey, Garden & Gun


text:
If the whole music thing doesn't play out
I can see a career in fortune telling on the horizon
Feb 2017
And though you're a shadow and it's been a long time coming
you manage to turn my happy into blue
guess messing me up always came natural to you.
Maybe because you only give when you need
only care when you bleed.
And I want my hoodies back.
Mein lautes Herz ist voller Risse
aber die Pflaster halten gut
schlug sich gestern noch bis zur Ohnmacht
aus kleinen Ritzen rinnt noch Blut.
Du sagst du hältst mich fest zusammen
all meine kleinen Einzelteile
kann man das überhaupt verlangen,
wie lange braucht ein Herz zum heilen?
Foto von Kyra Sophie - LA Dez '17
It doesn't matter what I think
think about you in bars on the other side of town
all on your own
think about what you do
and with who
think about how you still kiss me
like you wanna crawl into my kneck
like your drowning
my kiss your only breath
It doesn't matter .
Not the fight in your eyes
not the obvious, nor the things you hide.
It doesnt matter
cause you leaving might be for the better.
At least that's what you think
and though I am not yet convinced
I'm not holding on,
and soon you'll be stronger and I'll be gone.
But for now
for this time
untill you get your head and heart in line
I can't stay
can't stay away
and it ends how it began.
I've always been a drug to you
your kryptonite your only sun
now cold turkey has got you on the run.
There's no reward
for the courage to feel deeply,
and sadness is no blessing .
When the mind doesn't want to sleep
what are you gonna do ?
When there are no sweet fucking dreams
how do they come true ?
What is chaos what is peace,
when all the riddles stay unsolved ?
and only smoke and dirty sheets
give you a reason to grow old.
Can I forget, would you deny
that there is more than you and I
cause I already found a life worth living ?
If they ever lose sight of what they have
and start circling around what they don't
It's gonna be painful.
It's gonna be ugly
and all bridges will be burned.
For only she can light up his darkest side.
For only he can tell her the time.
Tweets by @larypoppins
ich gruesse alle die ich kenne


text:
August 15, 2012
Alice laughed "There's no use trying," she said. "One can't believe impossible things."
"I daresay you haven't had much practice," said the Queen. "When I was younger, I always did it for half an hour a day. Why, sometimes I've believed as many as six impossible things before breakfast."
Alice in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll
In this very telling conversation, the old Queen, who believes in the possibility of the impossible, is definitely more child-like in her thinking than young Alice.
To young children, all things are matters of possibility. A wooden block becomes a telephone or a truck. A bucket can be a hat or a suitcase. A play scarf turns into a magic cape or a flying carpet.
With appropriate tools of discovery and a safe and nurturing environment, children learn naturally through exploring freely and playing. Through acting out and pretending, children are able to bring together the things that they are learning and feeling about their world and themselves.
The impossible becomes the possible as children grow in confidence and understanding through play.


text:
Although they are a fairly young airline, Rossiya has quickly become one of Russia's leading carriers. From their main hub in St.Petersburg, they currently serve some 150 destinations across Russia and throughout Europe.
Rossiya will allow small dogs, cats, birds, and other small animals (such as hamsters and rabbits) to travel in the cabin of the aircraft. They will also allow them to be transported in the cargo hold, so long as all requirements are met. Anyone travelling with pets is reminded that animals in carriers are not considered part of the free baggage allowance.
Total dimensions
(length + width + height)
must not exceed 115 cm (45 in)
|Any carrier exceeding total dimensions of 115cm (45 in) total dimensions must travel in the cargo hold of the aircraft.
|Maximum 8 kg (17 lbs)
|Any carrier weighing over 8kg (17 lbs)
|Fee will depend on the destination, as well as the size and weight of the animal and carrier. Please contact a Customer Service agent for details.
|Fee will depend on the destination, as well as the size and weight of the animal and carrier. Please contact a Customer Service agent for details.
Rossiya Airlines currently accepts only pets accompanied by an adult passenger. If your pet will be travelling unaccompanied, please contact them to determine what options are available to you. You may need to make arrangements with another airline.
Pets may not be accepted on flights operated by codeshare partners. It is strongly recommended that you contact any codeshare partners or other airlines directly to familiarize yourself with their individual policies regarding pet travel.


text:
France has always been one of the world's greatest driving forces in MTB Orienteering. It was in Fontainebleau, just over fifty kilometres south-east of Paris, that the first World MTB Orienteering Championships took place in 2002, and it was there that athletes like Laure Coupat, Caroline Finance, Jérémie Gillmann and Matthieu Barthélémy became famous names in this discipline's history. But the years then passed and, though always feared by their opponents, France constantly failed to come back to take the world lead. Some sporadic successes – Jérémie Gillmann and the Men's Relay in 2007, Gaëlle Barlet in 2011 and Baptiste Fuchs in 2014 – just confirmed a period with few high spots. However when we come to the end of 2015, we find four Frenchmen in the IOF MTB Orienteering World Ranking's top 20 and two French women in the top 10! When we look at their results in the European and World Championships, we can begin to understand that something has changed in a big way.
The change is significant and likely to be long-lasting. Since 2006 French MTB Orienteering has undergone a major reorganisation, becoming much better structured, with the fruits beginning to emerge consistently a few years afterwards. Success was first fully appreciated (and celebrated) by the youngsters in Hungary in 2012 when Lou Denaix won the Junior World Sprint title. In 2013 Cédric Beill enjoyed one of the greatest achievements in MTB Orienteering's history, being crowned Junior World Champion in all four distances: Sprint, Middle, Long and Relay. The French men's relay team won the silver medal at the 2014 Junior World Championships. But it's in 2015 that one can truly appreciate the results of this long-term work, the magnitude of which brings France back to the forefront of World MTB Orienteering.
"Training is not an exact science"
Sports teacher, promoter, adviser, cartographer, organiser and public relations person, André Hermet is also a member of IOF's MTBO Commission, coordinator and coach of the French MTBO team. And he is Coordinator, at regional level, of the most important MTBO development institution in France and a true example to the world: Fontainebleau's "Pôle Espoir", its Elite Academy.
A cyclist when young, Hermet encountered Orienteering at the age of 24. This was too late to see his dream, to get into the French Foot Orienteering Elite Team, come true. But he still wanted to improve his knowledge, learn the secrets of physical preparation and know more about how to achieve technical improvement; his interest in putting these things into practice led him in due course to a period of study, and he was awarded his Sports Teacher Diploma at the age of 42. From that moment he began to devote himself fully to coaching at high level. To him, "coaching is to identify, bring forward, prepare, and lead an individual or a group in ways which realise their highest potential. But it's by not doing the same as others that you take a step forward."
What steps enable a musician to become a virtuoso? How do pilots of fighter jets manage stress during the flight? "High levels exist not only in sport", André Hermet comments. "I've always tried to innovate, applying new training methods based on knowledge and scientific research on the complexity of achieving excellence", he says. Bringing in theoretical concepts about perception, memory, logical thinking and planning, among other things, André Hermet just wants to improve the athletes' effectiveness whilst competing: "Training is not an exact science. There are no secrets or miracles. As a coach, it isn't enough just to know and understand the principles of training. I need to know how to combine and use these principles to create "my" method. The percentage of MTB orienteers with large potential is not greater in France than in Spain, Finland or Portugal", he affirms.
Life in the Academy
In 1993 André Hermet found himself excited by and committed to MTB Orienteering, which was almost a novelty in France at the time. It was at that time that he began to promote the discipline regionally, but was faced with an insoluble problem: the lack of young people involved in the sport. It wasn't until 2000 – at a time when he had already been nominated as Technical Director of the first World MTB Orienteering Championships – that his efforts intensified. He became the coach of the Fontainebleau Pôle Espoir, an Elite Academy created by the French Orienteering Federation and recognised by the French Ministry of Sports. It is here that he's been recruiting orienteers from all over France who demonstrate potential, both in Foot Orienteering and MTB Orienteering. These young athletes are a group of 10 to 15 boys and girls who stay at the Pôle for three to five years, doing their studies and having daily Orienteering training.
The Pôle can be seen today as an intermediate stage between the clubs that develop Orienteering activities and the French team. The team is composed of twenty to twenty six athletes from all over France, the best athletes of the Elite, Junior and Youth categories. It's in the Pôle that athletes follow a programme with a training load of 12 to 15 hours a week, adjusted according to their age and technical and physical level. Trips away from the Pôle for further preparation range from Cross-country Skiing (one week in February) to specific preparation for major international competitions, with Training Camps in relevant terrain within or outside France. The results are now there, and just confirm that French MTB Orienteering is going the right way: this season the athletes from Fontainebleau's Pôle Espoir won seven gold medals, eight silver and three bronze in European and World Championships. To the names mentioned early in this article we now have to add those of Florian Pinsard, Constance Devillers, Antoine Vercauteren, Mathilde Sipos and Lou Garcin, among many others. A real "blue wave" is developing, and promises to grow into a "tsunami".
[Text and photo: Joaquim Margarido. See the original article on Orienteering World's last issue at http://orienteering.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/iof_orienteering_world_w3.pdf, on pages 14 and 15. Published with permission from the International Orienteering Federation]


text:
There's somewhat on my breast, father,
There's somewhat on my breast!
The livelong day I sigh, father,
And at night I cannot rest.
I cannot take my rest, father,
Though I would fain do so;
A weary weight oppresseth me —
This weary weight of woe!
'Tis not the lack of gold, father,
Nor want of worldly gear;
My lands are broad, and fair to see,
My friends are kind and dear.
My kin are leal and true, father,
They mourn to see my grief;
But oh! 'tis not a kinsman's hand,
Can give my heart relief!
'Tis not that Janet's false, father,
'Tis not that she's unkind;
Tho' busy flatterers swarm around —
I know her constant mind.
'Tis not her coldness, father,
That chills my labouring breast,
It's that confounded cucumber
I've eat and can't digest.
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 11:56