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Cayman history, architecture, step-wells, house-shaped gravestones (grave markers) in Grand Cayman cemeteries, Cayman traditional arts and crafts. Catboats – local woods used catboat construction, Silver Thatch plaiting, gigs, calavans, paintings, Miss Lassie's house, Wattle and Daub houses and the woods that were used in their construction.
Click here for Cayman Cultural Photos
Cayman Nature and Historic Cayman Tours
Grand Cayman step well from which fresh water was obtained
House-shaped Gravestones in the Cayman Islands
P. Ann van B. Stafford Grand Cayman
Click here for photos of Cayman House-shaped Gravestones
Click here for pdf HOUSE-SHAPED gravestones – Cayman v.3 May30-13
Prospect was an important area of settlement. According to the 1802 census, Thompson and Watler families lived here. There are a total of 28 house-shaped gravestones remaining in two cemeteries on Prospect Point's sandy ridge, overlooking the sea.
From whom, what or where did the influence of the design of the house-shaped gravestones in the Cayman Islands come? Perhaps there was no outside influence.
Watler Cemetery – National Trust for the Cayman Islands
Houses in Miniature
1845 The burial-place took my attention as peculiarly neat and simple. The graves were marked, not by mounds of earth and headstones, or great massive tombs, but by houses in miniature, just large enough each to cover one person; mostly about six feet long, two feet broad, and one and a half high, with a sloping roof and full gable end, in which was inserted a smallslab containing containing the name of the occupant, his age, and the day on which he entered his narrow home, "the house appointed for all living." They were well built, white, and clean, and, of course, of all sizes. Sometimes a row of them close to one another indicated a family place of sepulture. The want of sufficient depth of earth for an ordinary grave, perhaps, led to the adoption of this literal necropolis.
Rev. Hope Masterton Waddell, Scottish Missionary Society missionary,sailed from Jamaica Sat. Jan 11, 1845 and was shipwrecked on the East End reef in February 1845. His book:
Twenty-Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa: A Review of Missionary Work and Adventure, 1829-1858 was published in 1865.
Thatch rope, Mahogany and turtle products were exported to Jamaica.
Mahogany – Swietenia mahagoni, East End, Jan.4, 2004.
Mahogany – now an Endangered tree in the Cayman Islands, was exported from Grand Cayman.
There was no road between Bodden Town and East End until 1935.
House-shaped gravestones in Grand Cayman
They were found in all Districts; those that still exist are:
North West Point Cemetery, West Bay (2)
Elmslie Memorial Church yard – George Town (8, including 3 very small ones)
Watler Cemetery (West), Prospect Point Road, Old Prospect (15)
Watler / Eden Cemetery (East), Prospect Point Road, Old Prospect (13)
Spotts Cemetery, Spotts (10)
Pedro St James Cemetery, Savannah (1)
Bodden Town, Webster United Church Cemetery (several)
Old Man Bay Cemetery, North Side (3)
North Side Cemetery (2)
East End Cemetery (?)
Gun Bay Cemetery (1 small)
From whom, what or where did the influence of the design of the house-shaped gravestones in the Cayman Islands come? Perhaps there was no outside influence.
The coffin was buried in the sand. Sand was mounded over the grave. A structure was made over the grave, which would support itself. A slab alone could not be cast, because maybe the mortar was not sufficiently good.
Coral rocks (and sometimes bricks from ships' ballast) were piled on top of the sand, the length and breadth of where the coffin was buried. (See Elmslie Church, Watler Cemetery and Spotts Cemetery gravestones where part of the 'roof' is missing.) The structure needed a WATER-SHED so that the rain water would run off. It was faced with DAUB. The resulting structure was house-shaped. Length + breadth + sloping roof = house-shaped gravestone.
Maybe there was sentimentality in the design – a house for the repose of the departed.
PACT – acronym for what or where the influence of the design came:
T Terrain sandy beach ridge, not cliff rock or valuable arable soil
C Climate heat, rainfall, hurricanes, burial within 24 hours
A Availability of materials coral rocks and limestone daub (made from burned coral rocks).
Sometimes bricks from ships' ballast were also used.
P Practicality of design approx. 6ft x 2ft slab over the coffin (which was buried in the sand), and weighted with coral rocks with sloping top ('roof') for watershed, so that water could not settle on it and destroy the daub.
The resulting structure looked house-shaped.
DAUB was a plaster made of lime, sand and water. Lime for this purpose was obtained by building a lime kiln. Reaching several feet high, a kiln consisted of alternating layers of partly dried wood and coral. Wood for the kiln came from Sea-grape (Coccoloba uvifera) and Indian Almond (Terminalia catappa) trees and the coral came from panshoals which lie just below the level of the reef. Coral rocks taken directly from the sea were ideal because, being water-logged, they powdered easily in the heat of the kiln. Kindling, usually Candlewood (Amyris elemifera), was placed in a hole left in the centre of the circular kiln. As the kindling burnt away the heated coral would fall into the heart of the fire where the intense heat reduced it to a fine lime powder.
Candlewood – Amyris elemifera RUTACEAE
Who lies there?
Most of the hardwood plaques with the names and dates have either disappeared or the inscription on them is no longer legible. The living buried the dead, so who was living at the time?
Family graveyards rather than church graveyards
Families had to bury their dead before there were churches in the Cayman Islands.
To try to find out 'Who lies there?' I have been making a Family Tree in my Family Tree Maker Program, starting with the early settlers and their descendants, to the best of my researched knowledge.
The first ordained clergyman to lay the foundations of pastoral work in the Cayman Islands was Rev. Thomas Sharpe, Church of England, who arrived on Dec. 23, 1831. See p.8
WATLER Cemetery (National Trust Property) at Prospect Point:
There are no discernible names or dates on the 15 house-shaped gravestones.
Watler Cemetery National Trust for the Cayman Islands
Settlers first came to the Cayman Islands almost 300 years ago. It became the custom in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries for people to set aside a portion of their land for the family graveyard. There are a number of such plots around the islands, and many are still used today.
The wooden coffin lies buried in the ground underneath the stone slab supporting the monument. This would have been sufficiently heavy to prevent all but the fiercest of storms from disturbing them. The name of the deceased was inscribed on a mahogany panel set into the wall of the "house". It is likely that wood was chosen in preference to stone because the local people were skilled carpenters, not stonemasons. Sadly, many of the markers have disappeared and others have become illegible over the years.
EDEN Family Cemetery at Prospect Point:
There are names and dates on 3 of the 13 house-shaped gravestones:
Thomas Knowles EDEN 1782-1843 and his wife
Elizabeth Charlotte EDEN (née COE) 1783-1839
Charlotte Matilda EDEN 1843-1853 (their 10 year old granddaughter)
William Eden* 1807-1879 (Custos), (son of Thomas K. and Elizabeth Eden) and his wife Rachel Jane (nee ?) 1811-1901 are also buried in the EDEN Family Cemetery at Prospect Point, but not with house-shaped gravestones. Charlotte Matilda EDEN was their 10 year old daughter.
GUN BAY cemetery (1):
New born child's grave, 1874
OLD MAN BAY cemetery:
(They) are believed to be those of three Whittaker sisters, descendants of five Whittaker brothers who came and settled in Old Man Bay around 1840.
NORTH SIDE Cemetery (2):
William Grant Tatum b. March 17, 1824, died Mar.10, 1910, married on Sept.10, 1847 to
Mary L. Tatum née McLaughlin, b. Mar.17, 1825, died Mar.11, 1919
(William was not related to the original North Side Tatum family.)
ELMSLIE Memorial Church, George Town
House-shaped gravestone of Mary Catherine Page-Merren, died Sept.23, 1875, paternal grandmother of Veta
Merrren-Bodden. This was destroyed, along with others, to make way for a parking lot, some time after 1973.
Traditional Sand Cemeteries – extract from National Trust for the Cayman Islands Information sheet
In days gone by, there were no community graveyards in the Cayman Islands. It was the practice for each family to be responsible for the safe burial of their dead. During the eighteenth century people started to set aside a small portion of their land to serve as the family graveyard.
As good soil was scarce and needed to grow crops, it could not be spared for such a purpose. Much of the remaining land was made up of very hard coral limestone rock, which was extremely difficult to excavate with the simple tools available. Fortunately, the answer lay on the shoreline, where the deep, infertile, sandy soil had less value and was relatively easy to dig. It must be remembered that it is only in the twentieth century that beaches have been seen as an asset. The early settlers preferred to live away from the threat of flooding which they represented.
FOUNDED UPON THE SEAS – A History of the Cayman Islands and Their People by Michael Craton and the New History Committee 2003
Page 236 has a drawing captioned 'Graves in Grand Cayman dating from the early 1800's'
A Study of Church and State in the Cayman Islands: THE DEPENDENCY QUESTION by Nicholas J. G. Sykes
Chapter 5 THE CAYMANAS CHURCH UP TO 1839 p.53 – extract:
1820's ' In the beginning', the Caymanas Church was a congregation of worshippers presided over by a 'respectable Inhabitant' and it is notable that Caymanas Governor' William Bodden had a 'house of Public' worship built for them. There is no question that the inhabitants took it for granted that the Faith they practised was the Faith of the Mother country, and they would have been within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Bishop of London. Later, the See of Jamaica was erected and the Rt. Rev. Christopher Lipscomb was installed as the Church of England's first Bishop of Jamaica.
1836 June 9 to 1837 June 9 p.67
Report of the Rev. David Wilson Church of England Stipendiary Curate of the Island of Grand Caymanas
His George Town Congregation 280
His Prospect Congregation 200
Number of Baptisms 38
Number of Marriages 11
Number of Burials 9
Page 84 has two photographs of old tombs at the Watler Cemetery, Prospect Point, and George Town church yard. 'It is possible, though unlikely, that one or other goes back to Church of England times.'
1503 May 10 Columbus sighted Cayman Brac and Little Cayman on his 4th. voyage and named them Las Tortugas. Over the next 100 years, the name Caymanas or Cayman became common.
16th. Century Spanish and Portuguese Trade Routes
Spanish galleon routes (white): West Indies or trans-atlantic route begun in 1492,
Manila galleon or trans-pacific route begun in 1565.
(Blue): Portuguese routes, operational from 1498 to 1640.
1586 Sir Francis Drake (1540-1595) Drake's fleet of 23 ships stopped for two days at uninhabited Grand Cayman. Crocodiles, alligators, iguanas and numerous turtles were recorded.
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over, principally, the manner of England's governance. The first (1642–1646) and second (1648–1649) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The war ended with the Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
1642 Battle of Edge Hill in Warwickshire was the first battle of the English Civil War. (In 1883 James Arch, from Warwickshire, was shipwrecked on the coast of Cuba, rescued by the schooner, Star, and taken to Grand Cayman.)
1649 King Charles I executed
1653-1658 Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector, virtual dictator
1655 Cromwell's grand Western Design, English joint army-navy force, captured Jamaica from the Spanish
1655 The Maroons were the slaves of the Spanish, who escaped into the forests and mountains of Jamaica, before and after the English arrived.
1656 Cromwell issued a proclamation in other colonies, inviting settlers for the new colony of Jamaica. William BOWDEN, an early settler from Nevis, arrived in December with Major Luke Stokes, Governor of Nevis, in the Morant Bay area, St. Thomas. (Within three months, by March 1657, two-thirds of the 1600 settlers had died of fevers in the low-lying coastal area.) Bowden is an area in St. Thomas which takes its name from a former owner.
Jamaica – The Settlers from Nevis
by S. A. G. Taylor, page 14
King Charles II of Great Britain and Ireland (1660-1685) – The Merry Monarch, Restoration of the Monarchy.
Charles I was executed in 1649 and the Monarchy was restored in 1660 by his son Charles II. The Commonwealth, or republic, of Oliver Cromwell lasted from 1649-1653 and the Protectorate (monarchy in all but name), of Oliver Cromwell, followed by his son Richard, from 1653-59.
1665 The Plague, London, England
The Great Plague killed an estimated 100,000 people—almost a quarter of London's population—in 18 months. The plague was caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium, which is usually transmitted through the bite of an infected rat flea.
1666 Great Fire of London
The Great Fire of London started near London Bridge, in a bakery on Pudding Lane, just after midnight on Sept. 2. The Monument a column designed by Sir Christopher Wren, marks the site of the Fire's origin.
The Great Fire of London may have helped end The Plague by killing the rats and fleas that spread the bubonic plague.
1661-71 The first recorded Cayman Islands settlements
were located on Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, during the tenure of Sir Thomas Modyford as Governor of Jamaica. Muddy Foots, Little Cayman is named after him. Because of the depredations of Spanish privateers, Modyford's successor called the settlers back to Jamaica, though by this time Spain had recognized British possession of the Islands in the 1670 Treaty of Madrid.
1669 April 14 Battle at Little Cayman
Manuel Ribeiro Pardal also known as Manuel Rivero Pardal or Pardel (died 1671) was a 17th-century Portuguese privateer in Spanish service during the late 1660s and early 1670s.
Several turtling vessels were anchored at Hudson's Hole (South Hole Sound).
Hudson's Hole (now called South Hole Sound), Owen Island and fringing reef
Eastern tip of Little Cayman (Point of Sand) and reef
eastern point of Little Cayman
1670 Under the Treaty of Madrid, Spain recognized England's sovereignty over Jamaica and various other Caribbean islands, including Cayman.
1685 Sir Hans Sloane
Jamaican Voyage 1687-1689
In 1685 Sloane was made a Fellow of the young but prestigious Royal Society, and in 1687 a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. It was at this time that he was offered the chance to travel to Jamaica as physician to the new Governor, the 2nd Duke of Albermarle
The Governor died at age 35.
Sloane spent 15 months in Jamaica.
Sir Hans Sloane's Voyage to Jamaica, 1687-1689, by Tony Rice
Sir Hans Sloane, Bt by Stephen Slaughter, oil on canvas, 1736. NPG 569
© National Portrait Gallery, London.
The Sir Hans Sloane Herbarium
The Sloane Herbarium contains volumes 1-7 of plant specimens collected on Sloane's voyage to Jamaica (1687-1689).
During his voyage to Jamaica, Sir Hans Sloane collected the first plant specimens to be brought back to England from the region. The specimens were mounted in seven bound volumes, which have been preserved intact. They remain an invaluable resource for both scientific and historical research.
Fustic (Maclura tinctoria), an export from Grand Cayman, (see Timeline 1765) was one of the plant specimens taken back to England by Sloane.
1692 Port Royal, Jamaica,earthquake, June 7
Port Royal, Jamaica earthquake, 1692 Jamaican Gleaner
Underwater City of Port Royal, Jamaica – UNESCO
1732 Herman Molls map of the Caribbean
The Spanish treasure fleet entered the Caribbean between Grenada and Trinidad and sailed westwards with the favourable winds and currents.
It exited the Caribbean through the Yucatan Channel between western Cuba and the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico.
1732 Caribbean map – Herman Molls
Grand Cayman towns and early settlements from 1734.
John Doak, 1988
1734 First royal grant of land in Grand Cayman was made by the Governor of Jamaica. It covered 3,000 acres in the area between Prospect and North Sound. A total of five land grants were made between 1734-42. Mahogany and logwood were exported to Jamaica.
Population perhaps 100-150.
1735 Isaac BAWDEN of Grand Cayman married Sarah Lamar, widow, in Port Royal, Jamaica.
1741 Murray CRYMBLE had a land grant of 1000 acres in Cayman. He was an absentee land patentee, a prominent Jamaican merchant, Receiver-General in Jamaica and extremely wealthy. He seems to have had mercantile dealings with Central America, including Roatán.
Ref. Founded Upon the Seas A History of the Cayman Islands and Their People, 2003 Michael Craton & the New History Committee
1741 Samuel SPOFFORTH, a wealthy absentee merchant, had a land grant of 1000 acres in West Bay. He was a prominent Bermudian shipowner. Eighty-one pieces of West Indian Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) were shipped in his 25-ton Bermuda sloop, called the Experiment, from Cayman to Kingston, Jamaica.
1741 William FOSTER had a land grant from the present centre of George Town south to Pull-and-Be-Damned Point, South Sound. Foster had become acquainted with this area of S.W. Grand Cayman during the 1730s, when he was in partnership with fellow Jamaican, Benjamin Battersby. They had an agreement to fell and cut Mahogany.
1765 Royal Navy officers Remark Books provide information about Cayman. HMS Active anchored off Grand Cayman. Captain Robert Carkett noted that there were about 20 families, most of whom cut Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) and Fustic (Maclura tinctoria) which were exported to Jamaica.
Fustic – Maclura tinctoria, Family: MORACEAE , is native to the West Indies and continental tropical America. It was exported for its yellowish dye, known as fustic or khaki, which was extracted from the wood.
1765 William EDEN from Wiltshire, England (b.1737- d.1801), arrived in Grand Cayman from Jamaica
1773 Gauld survey map and notes, early settlers: population 450: "in all 39 families, consisting of at least 200 white people and above [the] same number of Negroes and Mulattoes.
21 families at Bodden Town (South Side), 13 at West End commonly called Hogsties (present day George Town), 3 at East End and 2 at Spot's Bay.
Gauld map 1773 George Gauld 1773 map of Grand Cayman – Heritage Charts (zoom in to see where houses are marked)
1773 Gauld map on 1989 Cayman stamp
Map of Grand Cayman – south and west, 1979, with names (in blue) that were marked on 1773 Gauld map: Landing Place (George Town Barcadere), Hinds, by Pull-and-be-damned Point at the western entrance to South West Sound, and Eden's – Spotts.
Watering Place and Hogsties are marked on Gauld's map. "The combination of leeward shelter, good holding bottom, and fresh water encouraged the area's development from a community of swineherds and fishermen to a harbor town, fortified by a small gun battery named Fort George." The Maritime Heritage of the Cayman Islands by Roger C. Smith.
Hogsties was later called George Town.
1773 Thomas THOMPSON, native of Penicuik, Scotland arrived in Cayman sometime after 1773. He founded and settled PROSPECT. Prospect is not marked on the Gauld map, nor are any houses marked in that location. Shortly afterwards, he commenced cultivating cotton extensively, which he shipped to England.
1775-1783 American Revolutionary War
Paul Revere's Midnight Ride, April 18, 1775
1776 some time after this date – Fort at Prospect built
'Prospect Fort was built, armed and manned by Caymanians
for the defense against pirates during the administration of
Governor William Bodden, Governor from 1776 to 1823.
The monument was erected by the Cayman Islands Historical Association in 1954'. (Wording on the plaque.)
William Bodden (Governor Bodden I 1776-1789)
William Bodden (Governor Bodden I I 1789-1823)
1780 William Eden from Devizes, Wiltshire, England built Pedro Castle Pedro St. James
1787 Miskito Coast / Mosquito Shore of Nicaragua and Honduras evacuation by the British, to Grand Cayman via Belize, of 300 or so settlers including 250 slaves. The population was substantially increased and new cotton plantations were established.
Caribbean Mosquito Coast (or Miskito Coast)
1787 February: The schooner Nancy left from Black River (Honduras) with migrants to Grand Cayman.
March: The schooner Phoenix sailed from Cape Gracias a Dios (Honduras/Nicaragua border).
May: Joseph Wood's vessel left from Pearl Lagoon and Bluefields (Nicargua)
Slavery in the marginal colonies of the British West Indies by Roy Murray, 2001
Seeds of Trade Cotton – Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae)
1780's Cotton, turtle, sarsaparilla and wood exported to Jamaica.
1780's Ackee – Blighia sapida, was introduced to Jamaica from WEST AFRICA and was planted in the West Indies. The genus was named after Capt. William Bligh who successfully took Breadfruit and other plants from Tahiti to St. Vincent and Jamaica in 1793. Bligh took Ackee to England.
1789 Mutiny on the Bounty – Capt. William Bligh attempted to take breadfruit from Tahiti to the West Indies
1789 French Revolution
Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789 French Revoltion
1790 James Goodchild COE Snr (1769-1839) from Ipswich, England, who went to Jamaica when he was 12 years old (1781). He married Rachael Ann, (daughter of William Eden) on Dec.25, 1790. He was captain of the Militia at Prospect.
1790 Fort George in George Town constructed at approximately this date
1791 On Wednesday, August 3rd, Captain Bligh left England for the second time in search of the breadfruit.
Captain Bligh's Second Voyage to the South Sea
1793 Capt. William Bligh successfully took breadfruit, and many other plants, to the West Indies
Capt. Bligh went to Tahiti again, on HMS Providence. On Jan. 23, 1793 he delivered Breadfruit and other plants from the South Seas to St. Vincent Botanic Gardens the oldest in the Western Hemisphere.
In February 1793 he sailed on to Port Royal, Jamaica, with his floating forest and then to Port Morant, the harbour for Bath Botanical Gardens the second oldest botanical gardens in the Western Hemisphere. Breadfruit, Otaheite Apple and Barringtonia asiatica trees were planted here.
1794 Wreck of the Ten Sail: ten ships, including HMS Convert, the navy ship leading a convoy of 58 merchantmen, wrecked on the East End reef.
1794-1804 Haitian Revolution
1795–1801 Earl of Balcarres – Governor of Jamaica
1800 William Eden (Snr.) left Cayman for Pearl Lagoon, Nicaragua. His son, William (Jnr.), by his first wife, Dorothy, née Bodden, inherited Pedro St. James. He sold it to his brother-in-law, James Coe, Public Recorder and Chief Magistrate. James Coe left Cayman at some time and resold it to William Eden (Jnr)
1801 William Eden (Snr.) builder Pedro Castle, died in Pearl Lagoon, Nicaragua.
1801-1805 Sir George Nugent Governor of Jamaica
The British West Indian Philatelist pdf 1802 Corbet report BWIP
1802 Cayman Islands Lt. Governor Nugent Letters on the Cayman Islands p.8
1802 Corbet Report p.8
Inhabitats (Census) p.10 population 933, including 551 slaves
Officers of the Militia p.12
Green Turtle. Photo: Cameron Stafford, Grand Cayman, Aug. 2016.
Green Turtle were exported from Cayman, via Jamaica.
1802 Cotton – 30 tons per year exported from Cayman. Cotton had peaked in Cayman by 1810.
The 1819 Cotton Mills and Factories Act in Great Britain stated that no children under 9 were to be employed and that children aged 9–16 years were limited to 12 hours' work per day.
Before these acts, children were often forced to work entire days and nights on the factory floor, from ages as young as 5 or 6, and would often not have any education. (see 1819)
1805 Aug. 28 Letter from William Bodden to Governor Nugent of Jamaica. In the beginning, a respectable inhabitant presided over the Caymanas church, a congregation of worshippers. 'Governor' William Bodden had a house of public worship built in Bodden Town. The faith they practised was the faith of the Mother Country.
1805 Battle of Trafalgar
HMS Victory, Cayman Islands 15c stamp 2005, Battle of Trafalgar 1805
1806 British COTTON industry employs 90,000 factory workers
1807 Abolition of the Slave Trade in the British Empire
1810 The growing of cotton in Cayman declined after 1810
1815 Battle of Waterloo
1815 Digne, France – Les Misérables: Jean Valjean is a fictional character in Victor Hugo's 1862 novel. After 19 years on the chain gang, he finds that the ticket-of-leave he must display condemns him to be an outcast. He served a prison sentence for stealing bread to feed his sister's children and for attempting to escape.
1817 Registration of slaves were made by parish offices in Jamaica
1819 Cotton Mills and Factory Act
Les Misérables: 1823 Montreuil-sur-Mer, France. Eight years later, Valjean, having broken his parole and changed his name to Monsieur Madeleine, has become a factory owner and Mayor. Cossette is the daughter of one of his employees.
1824 July 24 Diocese (or See) of Jamaica established. Rt. Rev. Christopher Lipscomb was installed as the Church of England's first Bishop of Jamaica
1825 The new Bishop communicated with the 'Governor of the Caymans'
1826 Bishop of Jamaica stopped off in Grand Cayman on his way from Jamaica to Belize
1826 James Shearer Jackson imprisoned in Pedro St. James
1830 – June 20, 1837 King William IV (born 1765)
1831 Dec.10 Election at Pedro St James for the first Legislative Assembly
1831 Dec.23 Church of England Rev. Thomas Sharpe arrives in Grand Cayman. A church, a thatched wattle and daub cabin, was built in George Town (on the site of the present Elmslie United Memorial Church).
Cayman Wattle and Daub cabin under construction. A Lime Kiln to reduce coral rocks from the sea to powder, to be mixed with sand and water to make the daub, can be seen on the left.
1831 Dec.10 & 31 Meeting of Representatives and Magistrates of Grand Cayman to form a legislature at Pedro St. James. The first Custos or Chief Magistrate was appointed
Les Misérables, Paris, 1832: After the death of popular leader General Lamarque, students whip up support for revolution and build barricades.
"1830-1835" Mission House in Bodden Town built, the exact date of construction is unknown
1833 Abolition of Slavery throughout the British Empire
1834 Bishop of Jamaica, Christopher Lipscomb, visited Cayman and consecrated the George Town church. Later a second church was built at Prospect, both were wattle and daub cabins.
1834-1836 The Marquess of Sligo, Governor of Jamaica
1834 Aug.1 Emancipation of British slaves. They became 'Apprentices'
1835 May 2 Caymanas Apprentices set free, having been unlawfully apprenticed. They were not registered in 1817.
1836 Battle of the Alamo, Texas, 1836
1836-1839 Sir Lionel Smith, Governor of Jamaica
1836 Sept. 5. Memorial to His Majesty King William IV from the Inhabitants in the Caymanas, (Custos, Magistrates and other Inhabitants………………. …. occupied by descendants of British born subjects and professed of the Christian religion…
petition to Parliament via Governor of Jamaica, Sir Lionel Smith
1837 Jan.23. Reply from Lord Glenelg
1837 May first exploratory visit by Rev. James Atkins, Wesleyan Missionary Society
1837 June 20 King William IV died and his niece Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom
1837 Sept. 28-29 Hurricane – Racer's Storm, one of the worst hurricanes of the 19th. century – Sept.28 to Oct.9
1837 Oct. 25 Hurricane
1838 March 29 Petition to 18 year old Queen Victoria: 'The island is inhabited by us, your Majesty's attached subjects' about compensation after emancipation in 1834 and release of the Apprentices in 1835 and the devastation caused by the two hurricanes in 1837, that destroyed the George Town church, severely injured the Prospect church, reduced upwards of one hundred dwellings to the ground, wrecked vessels, destroyed fields and brought them to a state of starvation.
1838 Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens published
1839 July Wesleyan Rev. Mark Bird, seconded from Jamaica, arrived in Grand Cayman.
Over the next 5 years he was succeeded by 6 other Wesleyan missionaries.
1839 July Church of England Rev. David Wilson leaves Grand Cayman
1839 Elizabeth Charlotte EDEN (née COE) 1783-1839 – house-shaped gravestone, Prospect Point Eden family cemetery
1842 Wesleyan Rev. John Mearns – 9 month tenure in Grand Cayman. He preached and administered communion in 5 places, riding 50 miles a week on horseback. The first Wesleyan Chapel was built in West Bay and another was started at PROSPECT.
1843 Thomas Knowles EDEN 1782-1843 – house-shaped gravestone, Prospect Point Eden family cemetery
1844 The last Wesleyan missionary Rev. John Green left Grand Cayman after a few months – 'the soil of the country is so impoverished, it won't yield sufficient quantities of provisions'.
1845 Jan. Presbyterian Rev. Hope Masteron Waddell on his way from Jamaica to Scotland via New Orleans was shipwrecked on the East End reef. He had to spend ten days in Grand Cayman before he could continue on his voyage. He described the house-shaped gravestones in George Town – houses in miniature.
1846 July Rev. James Elmslie, pastor of Green Island, Hanover, Jamaica (born in 1786 in Aberdeen, Scotland) offered to go to Cayman at the age of 50. He established the Presbyterian church in Grand Cayman.
1846 – 1863 Presbyterian Rev. James Elmslie ministered throughout Grand Cayman
1853 Charlotte Matilda EDEN 1843-1853– house-shaped gravestone, Prospect Point Eden family cemetery, (10 year old granddaughter of Thomas K. and Elizabeth Eden).
1861-1865 American Civil War
Chatsworth & Turtle Soup
Chatsworth – home of the Dukes of Devonshire. Nineteenth Century: Sixty guests stayed in the house with one hundred more coming at night. Turtle soup became a symbol of opulence. One hundred people required one hundred turtles, costing 20 pounds each. The scullery maids prepared the food; scullery maids made 20 pounds a year.
Green Turtles from the Caribbean were favoured.
Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Credit: Andy Bruckner, NOAA
Mock Turtle soup is an English soup that was created in the mid-18th century as a cheaper imitation of Green Turtle soup. It often uses brains and organ meats such as calf's head or a calf's foot to duplicate the texture and flavour of the original's turtle meat.
During the mid 1700's, turtle soup became very popular in England. This wasn't just any turtle soup, but soup made with green sea turtles (Cleonia mydas) from the Caribbean, which weighed up to 100 pounds. Green Turtle soup was served in London taverns, but it was very expensive.
The Mock Turtle is a fictional character devised by Lewis Carroll from his popular book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (written in 1865). Its name is taken from a dish that was popular in the Victorian period, mock turtle soup. Illustration of the Gryphon and the Mock Turtle with Alice by Sir John Tenniel (English illustrator, graphic humourist, and political cartoonist prominent in the second half of the 19th. century).
1656 1656 Jamaica, Settlers from Nevis
By S. A. G. Taylor p.14-16
When Cromwell heard of the capture of Jamaica he endeavoured to attract settlers to his newly won domain. He advised the people of New England, whom he declared had been driven from the land of their birth to a desert and barren wilderness, to remove themselves to a land of plenty!
He wrote to the Governors of the various West Indian Colonies and advocated a similar policy, but as these Islands had been brought to the brink of ruin by the loss of four thousand able-bodied men who had enlisted in Venables' Army, they did not look on this suggestion with much enthusiasm and did little to further it, all save the Governor of Nevis, Luke Stokes.
The names of some of the estates in the. district such as Bowden, Wards River, Stanton, Stokes Hall, Stokesfield, Phillipsfield, Wheelersfield and Rolandsfield are probably those of the first owners and there is another name here about which it is interesting to speculate. Near Stokesfield there is a little stream known as the River Styx. Perhaps it is connected in some way with the burial place of the first settlers, if so, let us hope that the shades of the men and women from Nevis rest in peace in the world beyond its banks.
1773 Gauld survey map and notes: population 450
George Gauld spent ten days on and around the island while making his hydrographic survey. He commented about the inhabitants way of life. The settlers were very desirous of having a Clergyman and a Surgeon to reside among them. A great quantity of cotton was grown for export along with turtles.
East End 3 families
Bodden Town (South Side) 21 families
Spotts (Spot's Bay) 2 families
Hogsties (the West End) 13 families
Total 39 families, total population about 450 (whites, Negroes and Mulattoes)
Founded Upon the Seas pages 53 and 112
1773 Gauld map www.heritagecharts.com/mapchart.php/305/5/the_island_of_grand_cayman_by_george_gauld
1802 Corbet census population 933, including 551 slaves. Edward Corbet was instructed by Sir George Nugent, Governor of Jamaica (1801-1805), to go to the Cayman Islands and write a full report of the population, cultivation, soil, etc
Lt. Governor Nugent Letters On The Cayman Islands
Corbet Report June 3, 1802 Page 8-13 (p.11 of pdf)
The names of the families are included in Corbet's report
East End
North Side
Bodden Town
Frank Sound
Little Pedro Wm Watler and Thos. Knowles Eden (unmarried)
Spotts Wm. Eden, James Coe Snr. And Wm Bodden (the Younger)
Prospect Waide Watler Junior and Thomas Thomson
S.W. Sound
George Town J. Drayton, Abraham Bodden, Sterling Rivers, Sarah Nixon, Wm. Jennett, Geo Bodden, WS Prescott, Benj. Bodden, Eliza Conoir, Mary Savery, John Bodden, John Ed. Rivers,
James Thomson, Cornelia Scott, Mary Wilson, John S. Jackson.
C. Parsons, James Parsons, Wm Parsons. Lind Rivers, Geo Barrow.
Wm Trusty, Catherine Mitchell.
West Bay
Boatswain Bay
Little Cayman and Cayman Brac were uninhabited.
1802 – Edward Corbet's report to His Excellency, Major General Nugent of Jamaica explains " At Bodden Town there is a small place of worship and in which they have divine service. The person who officiates is not an ordained Clergyman, but a respectable inhabitant. Page 112 of "Founded upon the Seas".
When they wish to enter into engagement of marriage they repair to some port in this Island chiefly I understand to Montego Bay." See page 7 of "Our Islands Past" Volume I.
Cayman Islands House-shaped gravestones – PHOTOS
North West Point Cemetery, West Bay
Elmslie Memorial Church, George Town (8, including 3 very small ones)
Prospect (Old) – Eden cemetery, Prospect Point Road:
Thomas Knowles Eden (d.Oct.30, 1843) and his wife Elizabeth Eden (d.1839)
Prospect (Old) – Eden cemetery, Prospect Point Road:
William Eden 1807-1879 (Custos 1855-1879) (son of Thomas K. & Elizabeth Eden) – and his wife Rachel Jane 1811-1901not house-shaped gravestone
Watler Cemetery, Prospect Point Road: Property of the National Trust for the Cayman Islands – house-shaped gravestones
Spotts Cemetery, Shamrock Road: house-shaped gravestones, beside the graves of Jane Merren (Mar.7, 1808 – Aug.7, 1887) and George Merren (Sept.13, 1813 – Dec.21, 1895)
Pedro / Eden Cemetery, Pedro Castle Road: house-shaped gravestone opposite Pedro St. James
Bodden Town cemetery opposite Webster Memorial Church: house-shaped gravestones
Old Man Bay cemetery: house-shaped gravestones (3)
National Trust for the Cayman Islands – Information Sheets
Traditional Sand Cemeteries, National Trust for the Cayman Islands
(They) are believed to be those of three Whittaker sisters, descendants of five Whittaker brothers who came and settled in Old Man Bay around 1840.
North Side Cemetery (2)
William Grant Tatum b. March 17, 1824, died Mar.10, 1910, married on Sept.10, 1847 to
Mary L. Tatum née McLaughlin, b. Mar.17, 1825, died Mar.11, 1919
It is believed that William, of English or Irish decent, arrived in Cayman with his brother, Moet, in the 1840's. Both married local girls, and William and Mary eventually settled in North Side. They were not related to the original North Side Tatum family, who were among the very first settlers, listed as "Free people of colour" in the 1802 census.
Bodden Town United Church Cemetery
contains several unmarked traditional gravestones
Gun Bay cemetery
lies behind the church. It has clearly been in use for many years, as the house-shaped gravemarkers under a Firecracker bush testify to its long use.
A History of Elections in the Cayman Islands
According to our records the first formal type of elected Government was first introduced in December 1831. However, prior to this the Islands were administered by a number of Magistrates and Senior Magistrates, and some times even by a Custos, appointed by the Governor of Jamaica. This system of Government worked well while the population remained relatively small but as the population increased a number of problems were experienced because of weaknesses in the system. [See "Founded upon the Seas" Chap. 5 "The Beginnings of Self-Government" By M.Craton] The first Magistrates ruled with some references to Jamaican Law. In 1802, as Edward Corbet had noted in his Report,"The Magistrates are understood to have the same power as those in this island [Jamaica], but when any new measure is to be adopted it is generally submitted by them to the consideration of the population at large." This seemed to have been a very democratic manner of dealing with affairs of state, but not everyone was pleased as this led to some confusion and conflict.
By at least 1823, the Chief Magistrate, James Coe Sr., and the other "Magistrates and principal inhabitants" of Grand Cayman apparently felt they needed a more formal system of lawmaking and set of laws. Accordingly, they asked for and got commissions for several more Magistrates from Governor Lord Manchester.
Then on 13 December 1823, the Magistrates and "principal inhabitants" held a meeting at William Eden's residence at Pedro St. James. Their first decision was to lease the Pedro property from William Eden for £5. 6s. 8d a year. It would be used as an animal pound, court-house, and jail, with a daily payment of 2s. 11d authorized whenever there was a prisoner.
Other laws were passed at this time, which dealt with roaming livestock, duties on dry goods, provisions, liquor, or any kind of merchandize sold by any non-inhabitant. Another law, which prohibited the sale of liquors, wines, by any slave, was also passed at this time.
Pedro St. James continued to be the seat of Government, with regular meeting held at this location. On 5th December 1831 a meeting was held at Pedro St. James to form a proper legislative assembly with representatives and Magistrates from each district appointed.- forming as it were two houses in imitation of the Council and Assembly of Jamaica.
On 10th December 1831, 2 representatives of each were "elected" for the districts of West Bay, George Town, South West Sound, Prospect, and Bodden Town the method of election is not known. These ten representatives later referred to as the "Vestry" assembled for the first time on 31st December 1831 in George Town, and met again on 2nd January 1832. The eight Magistrates met at the same time but in a different room carefully preserving the classic British form of a bicameral legislature. No law was "deemed valid" until it had received the assent of both houses.
1832 January The names of the Magistrates & Representatives at the 1832 meeting were:
John Drayton
Robert Stephen Watler
Waide W. Bodden
John S. Jackson
James Coe Jr.
Abraham O Feurtado
Elin J. Parsons
Nathaniel Glover
George W. Wood
James Wood
James Coe Snr.
W. Eden Jr.
John Goodhew
James Parsons Snr.
William James Bodden
Howard Lindsay Thompson
Samuel Parsons
William Bodden
1839 The following is a summary of subsequent elections results.
George Town
Wm. James Bodden
Thomas S Thompson
Wm. A. Thompson
James E. Parsons
Bodden Town
Richard Carter
Thomas Greenwood
George McCoy
John B. Wood
J. D. Watler
Joseph Bodden Jr.
P. McLaughlin
Spotts & Prospect
James S. Jackson
William R. Bodden
Tabulon Farrell
South Sound
Shin Parsons
John Goodhew
West Bay
William Brown
D. J. S. Bodden
A Study of Church and State in the Cayman Islands: The Dependency Question
by Nicholas J. G. Sykes
Chapter 5 (extract) www.churchofenglandcayman.com/DQA1CH5B.html
"In the beginning" the Caymanas Church was a congregation of worshippers presided over by a "respectable Inhabitant" and it is notable that the Caymanas "Governor" William Bodden had a "house of Public worship" built for them. There is no question that the inhabitants took it for granted that the Faith they practised was the Faith of the Mother country, and they would have been within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Bishop of London. Later, the See of Jamaica was erected and the Rt. Rev. Christopher Lipscomb was installed as the Church of England's first Bishop of Jamaica. It should not be forgotten that the Church of England had already existed in Jamaica before that time for over [one] and a half centuries, but apparently had formed no ministerial connection with the Caymanas Church from the time that it began independently.
The purpose of the Letters Patent issued in 1824 for the new Bishopric of Jamaica was to "erect found ordain make and constitute the Island of Jamaica the Bahama Islands and the Settlements in the Bay of Honduras, and their respective dependencies, to be a Bishop's See".5.3 In 1825 the new Bishop communicated with the "Governor of the Caymans" letting him know of his intent to establish the Church in "that part of his diocese". At the same time Mr. James Coe Junior in the Caymanas wrote a letter to the Rev'd Isaac Mann in Jamaica in which the feasibility of a clergyman being sent to the Caymanas from Jamaica was discussed. In December 1831 a Church of England clergyman arrived in the Caymanas from the Bishop of Jamaica, and until 1839 the Church in Caymanas manifested in practical terms its willingness to receive the Bishop of Jamaica's pastoral oversight. All this came to a decisive end by the summer of 1839, when once again the Caymanas Church became ministerially disconnected from the Church in Jamaica, and documentary sources from 1845 to 1970 all without exception show that the Cayman Islands were not included in the Diocese of Jamaica (see Ch. 6 sections 3 and 4 below).
Cayman Chief Magistrates or Custodes
* 1750 William Cartwright
* 1776 William Bodden William Bodden (Governor Bodden I) 1776 – 1789
William Bodden (Governor Bodden II) 1789 – 1823
* 1823 James Coe the Elder
* 1829 John Drayton
* 1842 James Coe the Younger
* 1855 William Eden
* 1879 William Bodden Webster
* 1888 Edmund Parsons
* 1898 Frederick Shedden Sanguinnetti, ISO
* 1907 George Stephenson Shirt Hirst
1912 Arthur C. Robinson
1919 Hugh Houston Hutchings
1931 Ernest Arthur Weston
1934 Allen Wolsey Cardinall
1941 John Penry Jones
1946 Ivor Otterbein Smith
1952 Andrew Morris Gerrard
1956 Alan Hilliard Donald
1960 Jack Rose
by John Redman, published in the Weekender section of the Caymanian Compass, June 30, 1995.
George S. S. Hirst was Commissioner of the Cayman Islands from 1907 to 1912, the year in which he died at the age of 40.
Hirst Road is named after him
Note: Custos rotulorum (plural: Custodes rotulorum) Latin for Keeper of the Rolls, a civic post that is recognized in England, Jamaica and Cayman.
1845 Houses In Miniature
Twenty-Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa: A Review of Missionary Work and Adventure, 1829-1858 by Hope Masterton Waddell, book published 1865, Scottish Missionary Society missionary (b.1804, went to Jamaica in 1829). Chapter X 1845. Missionary Work and Adventure. Sailed for New Orleans, Cayman: pages 212-217, p.216
The Grand Cayman is but a few feet above the level of the sea) with a thin coating of soil on solid rock. There is pasturage for cattle, but no farms. Even the bush, which can grow where man cannot labour, is stunted. . Yams, cocoas, and plantains are unknown. "Sweet potatoes will grow in some parts," said a good woman, "and we all go a fishing, especially for turtle, to supply the English ships. But, to tell the truth, sir, our main dependence is on the wrecks, and we all thank God when a ship comes ashore." The Grand Cayman is a trap for ships, and catches more, perhaps, than any other spot of equal extent in the world. It is on the high road of all West India vessels, homeward bound, and of all outward bound for New Orleans, Havannah, and other ports in the Gulf of Mexico while the never-ceasing current varies, sometimes, with the trade wind, both in force and direction, sweeping one time north and another time south of the island. Seamen, who don't want to call there for turtle, give it a wide berth but sometimes, as in our case, when they had reckoned themselves thirty miles off it, find their ships crashing on its reefs. Anchors and chain cables were lying all over the beach. Fragments of ships seemed to form part of most of the common people's houses.
The burial-place took my attention as peculiarly neat and simple. The graves were marked, not by mounds of earth and headstones, or great massive tombs, but by houses in miniature, just large enough each to cover one person; mostly about six feet long, two feet broad, and one and a half high, with a sloping roof and full gable end, in which was inserted a smallslab containing containing the name of the occupant, his age, and the day on which he entered his narrow home, "the house appointed for all living." They were well built, white, and clean, and, of course, of all sizes. Sometimes a row of them close to one another indicated a family place of sepulture. The want of sufficient depth of earth for an ordinary grave, perhaps, led to the adoption of this literal necropolis.
Rev. Hope Masterton Waddellsailed from Montego Bay, Jamaica on Sat. Jan 11, 1845 in a large, new schooner, the Weymouth, on his way back to Scotland with his family and was shipwrecked on the East End reef at midnight on Sunday.
A few days after their rescue, there was a public sale of the wreck of the Weymouth, which attracted parties from other places, including 'the owner of a small schooner from George's Bay, at the west end of the island'. They went first to 'George's Town' and that is where he described the burial place, the 'houses in miniature'. There was a church and a schoolhouse, but neither minister nor teacher, none on the island. On the 22nd. they continued on their journey to New Orleans.
The following year, in July 1846, Rev. James Elmslie, pastor of Green Island, Hanover, Jamaica (born in 1786 in
Aberdeen, Scotland) offered to go to Cayman at the age of 50. He established the Presbyterian Church in Grand Cayman, where he ministered throughout the island from 1846 – 1863.
Elmslie Memorial United Church www.elmsliechurch.org.ky/aboutus.php
Dr Isobel Rigol 2009 report (extract)
2.2 Watler Cemetery
Watler Cemetery is part of a larger complex of coastal cemeteries developed in the Cayman Islands. This peculiar site is a family graveyard dating back to the early 19th. century or perhaps before, responding to the 18th. and 19th. century local custom of dedicating a portion of their land to burials. The justification for these cemeteries' particular location was the islands' rocky and difficult to excavate inland and the need to preserve the soils for agriculture.
Most of the tombs are house-shaped, made out of red bricks and faced with a layer of burned coral and limestone daub. The names of the deceased were originally inscribed on mahogany markers set on the walls of the graves. The graveyard is enclosed within a coral stone wall.
The beautiful, peaceful and apparently undisturbed coastal setting, withsea grapes, almond trees and eventually the sound of the waves, provides a peculiarly poetic experience. The Watler Cemetery is – without doubts – an exceptional exponent of the Caymanian and Caribbean cultural heritage. It is very important to point out that the Watler Cemetery and the other coastal graveyards (Spott's, Coe's, etc) in Grand Cayman – are, if not unique, at least rare in the Caribbean sub region.
Though it has been stated that: "Similar grave markers have been found in England and Wales dating from mediaeval times, while others (dating from the early 1600's) are to be found elsewhere in the British West Indies:, the consultant has not found any description or graphic evidence. She knows several cemeteries – both Christian and Jewish – in the Caribbean and thinks there are not any tombs like the ones seen in Grand Cayman. While recently doing a preliminary exploration on this topic she found out some strange coincidences: similar tombs at the Jewish Cemetery in George Town, Penang, Malaysia, others with a similar shape in the Jewish Cemeteries of Fez, Morocco and Vilnius, Lithuania. There are also some cemeteries on the Cuban Northeast coast at the Holguín province that might have some similarities with those in Cayman. As far as the consultant understands, a comprehensive and comparative research about the origins of Cayman's cemeteries has not yet been until this date carried out.
Further research on Cayman Islands coastal cemeteries is needed in order to reveal their uniqueness or exceptionalty at least at a Regional level.
Considering the exceptional values of this Cemetery (also the others in Grand Cayman and the other islands), the threats it faces and the challenge of its proper maintenance, it would be good to propose it to be included in the World Monuments Watch List of the 100 Most Endangered Monuments. This annual list – widely published worldwide – can allow obtaining funds and the promotion of local and international awareness.
Watler's Cemetery could be included in the World Monument Fund's Watch List for 2014.
CaymanianCompass, April 1, 2013 Preserving Watler's Cemetery
Watler Cemetery Property of the National Trust for the Cayman Islands www.nationaltrust.org.ky/?p=706
The wooden coffin lies buried in the ground underneath the stone slab supporting the monument. This would have been sufficiently heavy to prevent all but the fiercest of storms from disturbing them. The name of the deceased was inscribed on a mahogany panel set into the wall of the "house". It is likely that wood was chosen in preference to stone because the local people were skilled carpenters, not stonemasons. Sadly, many of the markers have disappeared and others have become illegible over the years.
The whole area of Prospect is one of the most fertile on the island, and was among the first on Grand Cayman to have contained a settlement of any size. One of two forts built to protect Grand Cayman from attack by Spanish marauders from Cuba was built in Prospect. Although the fort was demolished many years ago, the site of it is marked with a monument which can been seen further along the Old Prospect Road on the way into George Town.
Focus on Spotts and Prospect
Watler Cemetery, Prospect Point Road – 15 house-shaped gravestones
Eden Family Cemetery, Prospect Point Road – 13 house-shaped gravestones
Spotts Cemetery, Shamrock Road – 10 house-shaped gravestones
William EDEN from Devizes, Wiltshire, England, who arrived in Cayman in 1765, was married first to Dorothy (née Bodden) in Savannah-la-Mar, Jamaica, on December 25, 1765. They had one son, William Eden II, and 3 daughters. They lived at Spotts, marked Edens on the 1773 Gauld map.
After Dorothy died in 1773, William married Elizabeth 'Bessy' Clark, who was born in Falmouth, Jamaica. She was the daughter of Thomas Knowles Clark and Mary (née Savory). William and Bessy Eden had 5 daughters and one son – Thomas Knowles Eden.
In 1780 William built stone house at Pedro – Pedro St James.
His son William Eden II (Jr), (by his first wife Dorothy), as William the Executor and Heir at law, came into its possession and sold it to James Coe in 1800. James Coe left the island some years later and resold it to William Eden, who occupied it for some years. At his death he bequeathed it to 2 coloured boys named Joseph and Samuel, who assumed the surname Eden and thus started a new family of that name.
There were a lot of his descendants called William Eden from both branches of this family.
After William Eden died in Pearl Lagoon, Nicaragua in 1801, where he was buried, Elizabeth 'Bessy' married Thomas THOMPSON of Penicuik, Scotland, who settled in PROSPECT.
Thomas THOMPSON native of Penicuik, Scotland arrived in Cayman probably after 1773, because Prospect is not marked on the 1773 Gauld map, nor are any houses shown, (see link above).
He founded and settled PROSPECT. He married Elizabeth, widow of William EDEN and appears to have had but one child, Thomas Knowles Thompson. Shortly after settling down at Prospect, he commenced cultivating COTTON extensively, which he shipped to England. With one cargo he returned home himself and brought back with him a cousin William Thompson who settled down at Whitehall and founded the family we now always call the 'Georgetown Thompsons'. Ref. Hirst p.93.
Thomas Thompson probably named PROSPECT. Hirst p.95.
Thomas, together with one James Watler are said to have built the Fort at Prospect. Hirst p.94.
1802 census Thomas THOMSON family of 13, owned 56 slaves.
Note: Thomson/Thompson – sometimes it might be spelt one way or the other.
Note: William Bodden – there were a lot of people with the name William Bodden.
Booker Kohlman, Aarona, Under Tin Roofs p.48/49
Cayman Islands Government – History
Cayman Islands Government – Location and Geography
Cayman Islands National Archive
Oral History interviews
Cayman Islands National Museum
Corbet Census report 1802 Lt. Governor Nugent's Letters on the Cayman Islands page 8 1802 Corbet Report – Cayman Islands Census
Craton, Michael & the New History Committee Founded Upon the Seas 2003
DaCosta, Patricia L., The History of Pedro St. James 'Castle' 2003
Ebanks, S.O. "Bertie", Cayman Emerges 1983
Fierst Shai and Petuchowski, Sam, March 2009 Jamaica: Jewish Cemeteries at Hunt's Bay and Orange St.
Find A Grave – Cayman Islands Cemeteries
Frankel, Rachel, Houses of Life: The Jewish Cemeteries of Jamaica
Gauld map 1773 George Gauld 1773 map of Grand Cayman – Heritage Charts (zoom in to see where houses are marked)
Hirst, George S.S., Notes on the History of the Cayman Islands 1910
Kieran, Brian L., The Lawless Caymanas A Story of Slavery, Freedom and the West India Regiment 1992, p.173,4
Chapter 10 Compensation Claims at Rest
Petition Memorial to Queen Victoria 1837 CO 137/226, FF.121-124
Petition Memorial to the Queen in Council, from the Custos, Magistrates and Inhabitants of Grand Caymanas
Murray, Roy, Slavery in the marginal colonies of the British West Indies 2001
National Trust for the Cayman Islands, Traditional Sand Cemeteries and Watler Cemetery, Denise Bodden
Pedley, Arthurlyn, Old Prospect – Eden Cemetery house-shaped gravestones (personal communication)
Pedro St. James www.pedrostjames.ky/html/great_house.html www.pedrostjames.ky/html/research.html
Racer's Storm, 1837 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1837_Racer%27s_Storm
Rigol, Dr. Isobel, 2.2 Watler Cemetery
Senior, Olive, A-Z of Jamaican Heritage http://books.google.com/books?id=n5FqAAAAMAAJ&q=Stokes+Hall+#search_anchor
Smith, Roger C., The Maritime Heritage of the Cayman Islands 2000 The Maritime Heritage of the Cayman Islands
Sykes, Nicholas J.G., The Dependency Question 1996
Waddell, Hope Masterton, publ. 1863 Twenty-Nine Years in the West Indies and Central Africa: A Review of Missionary Work and Adventure 1829-1858
Jamaica to Grand Cayman: Chapter X, pages 212-217
Watler Cemetery, National Trust for the Cayman Islands
Williams, Christopher A. Caymanianness, History, Culture, Tradition, and Globalisation: Assessing the Dynamic Interplay Between Modern and Traditional(ist) Thought in the Cayman Islands
Williams, Neville, A History of the Cayman Islands 1970
1837 Racer's Storm, the 10th known Tropical Storm of the 1837 Atlantic Hurricane season, was one of the most powerful and destructive hurricanes in the 19th century, causing heavy damage to many cities on its 2,000+ mile path. It was named after the British sloop-of-war HMS Racer, and was first observed in the Western Caribbean near Jamaica on September 28.
1837 Queen Victoria June 20 Coronation June 28, 1838)
On 20 June 1837, King William IV died and his niece, Princess Victoria, became Queen at the age of 18. Her coronation was held at Westminster Abbey a year later on 28 June 1838. The coronation was a huge occasion and four hundred thousand visitors went to London to see the new Queen being crowned.
Governors of Jamaica
English Commanders of Jamaica (1655-1661)
In 1655, an English force led by Admiral Sir William Penn, and General Robert Venables seized the island, and successfully held it against Spanish attempts to retake it over the next few years.
Admiral Sir William Penn 11 May 1655 – 1655
General Robert Venables, 1655
Edward D'Oyley, 1655–1656, first time
William Brayne, 1656–1657
Edward D'Oyley, 1657–1661, second time
English Governors of Jamaica (1661-1662)
In 1661, England began colonisation of the island.
Edward D'Oyley, 1661–August 1662, continued
Thomas, Lord Windsor, August 1662–November 1662
Deputy Governors of Jamaica (1662-1671)
Charles Lyttleton, 1662–1663, acting
Thomas Lynch, 1663–1664, acting, first time
Edward Morgan, 1664
Sir Thomas Modyford, 1664–August 1671 Muddy Foots, Little Cayman is named after him. www.itsyourstoexplore.com/tl_files/documents/LittleCaymanNTBrochure.pdf
Jamaican Consulate www.jaconsulatecayman.org/m8c.html
The first recorded settlements were located on Little Cayman and Cayman Brac, during the 1661-71 tenure of Sir Thomas Modyford as Governor of Jamaica. Because of the depredations of Spanish privateers, Modyford's successor called the settlers back to Jamaica, though by this time Spain had recognised British possession of the Islands in the 1670 Treaty of Madrid. Often in breach of the treaty, British privateers roamed the area taking their prizes, probably using the Cayman Islands for replenishing stocks of food and water and careening their vessels. During the 18th century, the Islands were certainly well known to such pirates as Edward Teach (Blackbeard), Neal Walker, George Lowther and Thomas Antis, even after the Treaty of Utrecht, in 1713, was supposed to have ended privateering.
Lieutenant Governors of Jamaica (1671-1690)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Jamaica
In 1670, the Treaty of Madrid legitimised English claim to the island. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_%281670%29
Sir Thomas Lynch, August 1671–November 1674, second time
Sir Henry Morgan, 1674–1675, acting, first time
John Vaughan, 1675–1678
Sir Henry Morgan, 1678, acting, second time
The Earl of Carlisle, 1678–1680
Sir Henry Morgan, 1680–1682, acting, third time
Sir Thomas Lynch, 1682–1684, third time
Hender Molesworth, 1684–December 1687, acting
Christopher Monck The Duke of Albermarle, 1687–1688 (2nd and last Duke of Albemarle). He died in Jamaica in 1688. Sir Hans Sloane (1660-1753) accompanied him as physician. During his 15 months in Jamaica, he compiled a list of animal and plant specimens required by friends and assembled for himself a fine collection of plants, insects, shells, fish and other specimens. It was to be the founding core of the British Museum, and later the Natural History Museum, in London.
1687-1689 Sir Hans Sloane's Voyage to Jamaica
Hender Molesworth, 1688–1689, acting
Francis Watson, 1689–1690, acting
Governors of Jamaica (1691-1856)
The Earl of Inchiquin, 1690–1691
John White, 1691–1692, acting
John Burden, 1692–1693, acting
Sir William Beeston, March 1693–January 1702, acting to 1699
William Selwyn, 1702
Peter Beckford, 1702, acting
Thomas Handasyde, 1702–1711, acting to 1704
Lord Archibald Hamilton, 1711–1716
Peter Heywood, 1716–1718
Sir Nicholas Lawes, 1718–1722
The Duke of Portland, 1722–4 July 1726 after whom the parish of Portland was named). Henry Bentinck died in office in 1726 atSpanish Townand his body was returned to England for burial.
John Ayscough, 1726–1728, acting, first time
Robert Hunter, 1728–March 1734
John Ayscough, 1734–1735, acting, second time
The first royal grant of land in Grand Cayman was made by the Governor of Jamaica in 1734. It covered 3,000 acres in the area between Prospect and North Sound. Others followed, up to 1742, developing an existing settlement, which included the use of slaves. Cayman Travel Guide www.thecaymanislands.ky/about-cayman/history
John Gregory, 1735, acting, first time
Henry Cunningham, 1735–1736
John Gregory, 1736–1738, acting, second time
Edward Trelawny, 1738–1752
Charles Knowles, 1752–January 1756 Knowles Family in the Caribbean www.knowlesclan.org/carrib.htm
Sir Henry Moore, February 1756–April 1756, acting, first time
George Haldane, April 1756–November 1759
Sir Henry Moore, November 1759 – 1762, acting, second time
Sir William Lyttleton, 1762–1766
Roger Hope Elletson, 1766–1767
Sir William Trelawny, 1767–December 1772
John Dalling, December 1772 – 1774, acting, first time
Sir Basil Keith, 1774–1777
John Dalling, 1777–1781, second time
Archibald Campbell, 1781–1784, acting to 1783
Alured Clarke, 1784–1790
The Earl of Effingham, 1790–19 November 1791
Sir Adam Williamson, 1791–1795, acting
The Earl of Balcarres, 1795–1801
Sir George Nugent, 1801–1805
Sir Eyre Coote, 1806–1808
The Duke of Manchester, 1808–1821
Sir John Keane, 1827–1829, acting
The Earl Belmore, 1829–1832
George Cuthbert, 1832, acting, first time
The Earl of Mulgrave, 1832–1834
Sir Amos Norcott, 1834, acting
George Cuthbert, 1834, acting, second time
The Marquess of Sligo, 1834–1836
Sir Lionel Smith, 1836–1839
Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, 1839–1842
The Earl of Elgin, 1842–1846
George Henry Frederick Berkeley, 1846–1847, acting
Sir Charles Edward Grey, 1847–1853
Sir Henry Barkly, 1853–1856
1856-1962 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Jamaica
In 1962, Jamaica gained independence from the United Kingdom. Since independence, the viceroy in Jamaica has been the Governor-General of Jamaica.


text:
Day 13
Thursday, June 21, 2007
Williams, AZ to Safford, AZ
442 miles
Having eaten only fruit salad and fruit juice the night before, I was happy to get back to my normal yogurt and coffee prior to starting off the day on I-40.
Reaching Flagstaff, I headed south on US-89Alt to Sedona. I was somewhat disappointed to find more Native American bazaars at every overlook point. Makeshift booths full of wares lined the walkways, making it hard to get great shots of surrounding landscape.
Just north of Sedona, I enjoyed the views of Slide Rock State Park but didn't enjoy the traffic. I had no qualms over skipping a dip in the famous swimming hole.
The town of Sedona itself appeared to be a lovely place to while away an afternoon. Cute shops attracted hordes of tourists without feeling kitschy. There was lots of construction in the area, with red dust drifting over the road in many places.
After a short stint on I-17, I headed east on AZ-260. The ride was mostly unremarkable with long portions of busy slab through hills around Payson. It was very hot. I stopped often to refill my camelbak and even took a short break for some gas station soft serve ice cream.
I began to take interest in my surroundings again while riding through the foothills of the White Mountains.
Late in the day, I turned onto the most anticipated road of my day, US 191, the Coronado Trail. It was past 4 PM and I had around 150 miles to go.
The main thing I'll say about US191 south from Alpine, AZ is that it was a whole lot of work.
I love these kind of roads…. Slow turns, switchbacks, curvy runs down shaded forest paths. I was doing a whole lot of back and forth transitioning.
It was high elevation, so cooler than it had been in the heat of the day. I went through a few areas that had seen recent rain (judging from the wet pavement) but saw no rain myself.
I was constantly worrying about making it out of the mountains before sunset, but I just HAD to stop whenever I saw a great photo-op.
Too many pictures…. Yeah.
Reaching the area of the huge open pit Morenci Copper Mine, I was shocked by the contrasting landscape. The largest (in total output) copper mine in North America, Morenci covers 60,000 acres.
After rock has been crushed and copper removed, it is put back in place. These terraced "benches" are all that remain of the mountains in the area.
US191 wound through Morenci and the very obviously company town of Clifton.
Finally getting out of the hills, I enjoyed the sunset and braved the heat of the desert plains on my approach to Safford.
I parked the R1200ST next to several large mining trucks at the Econolodge in Safford.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Olmsted Brothers
The Olmsted Brothers company was an influential landscape architectural firm in the United States, formed in 1898 by brothers John Charles Olmsted (1852–1920) and Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870–1957), who were the sons of the eminent landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted.
The Olmsted brothers inherited the nation's first landscape architecture business from their father Frederick Law Olmsted. This firm was a successor to the earlier firm of Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot after the death of their partner Charles Eliot in 1897. The two brothers were among the founding members of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) and played an influential role in creating the National Park Service. Prior to their takeover of the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. had worked as an apprentice under his father, helping to design projects such as Biltmore Estate and the World's Columbian Exposition before graduating from Harvard University. The firm employed nearly 60 staff at its peak in the early 1930s. Notable landscape architects in the firm included James Frederick Dawson and Percival Gallagher.[1][2] The last Olmsted family member in the firm, Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., retired in 1949.[3] The firm itself remained in operation, moving from Brookline in 1980 and continuing in Fremont, NH until 2000. This created one continuous firm from 1858-2000.[4]
Office and archives
"Fairsted", the firm's 100-year-old business headquarters and design office, has been carefully preserved as the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, located on 7 acres (2.833 ha) of landscaped grounds at 99 Warren St., Brookline, Massachusetts. It offers excellent insights into the practice of large-scale landscape design and engineering. The site also houses an archive (access by appointment only) of the firm's designs, plant lists, and photos for hundreds of projects.
Design work
The Olmsted Brothers completed numerous high-profile projects, many of which remain popular to this day, including park systems, universities, exposition grounds, libraries, hospitals, residential neighborhoods and state capitols. Notable commissions include the roadways in the Great Smoky Mountains and Acadia National Parks, Yosemite Valley, Atlanta's Piedmont Park, a residential neighborhood in Oak Bay, British Columbia, Canada: Uplands; entire park systems in cities such as Portland and Seattle,[5] and Washington state's Northern State Hospital. The Olmsted Brothers also co-authored, with Harland Bartholomew, a 1930 report for the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce entitled "Parks, Playgrounds, and Beaches for the Los Angeles Region" encouraging the preservation of outdoor public space in southern California.[6] The report was largely ignored by the city, but became an important urban planning reference.
Selected private and civic designs
- Audubon Park, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Ashland Park, residential neighborhood built around Ashland, The Henry Clay Estate in Lexington, Kentucky
- The British Properties, Vancouver, Canada
- Brookdale Park, Bloomfield & Montclair, New Jersey
- Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial a World War II for American servicemen in Cambridgeshire, near Cambridge, England
- Caracas Country Club (1920s)[7]
- Cleveland Metroparks System, in the Greater Cleveland area, Ohio
- Crocker Field Park, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
- Deering Oaks, Portland, Maine
- Druid Hills, Atlanta, Georgia
- Eastern Promenade, Portland, Maine
- Elm Bank Horticulture Center, Wellesley, Massachusetts
- First Presbyterian Church of Far Rockaway, Queens, New York
- Fort Tryon Park, New York City
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Original Name "League Island Park"
- Fresh Pond, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Grover Cleveland Park, Caldwell, New Jersey
- High Point Park, Montague, New Jersey
- Homelands Neighborhood, Springfield, Massachusetts
- "New" Katonah, Katonah, New York
- Kentucky State Capitol Grounds, Frankfort, Kentucky
- Kohler (Village of), Wisconsin[8]
- Leimert Park Neighborhood, Los Angeles
- Locust Valley Cemetery, Locust Valley, New York
- Metro Parks, Summit County, Ohio [9]
- Manito Park and Botanical Gardens, Spokane, Washington
- Marconi Plaza Original Name "Oregon Plaza"
- Marquette Park, Chicago, Illinois
- Memorial Park (Jacksonville), Florida
- Memorial Park, Maplewood, New Jersey
- Otto Kahn Estate, Cold Spring Hills, New York
- Oldfields-Lilly House and Gardens,[10] a National Historic Landmark, originally Hugh Landon estate (Olmsted job # 6883 1920-1927) , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Piedmont Park, Atlanta, Georgia
- Planting Fields, Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York
- Pope Park, Hartford, Connecticut
- Prouty Garden, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston This garden is at risk of being destroyed for redevelopment purposes.[11]
- Rahway River Park, Rahway, New Jersey[12]
- Riverside Park, Hartford, Connecticut[13]
- Rancho Los Alamitos Gardens, Long Beach, California
- Riverbend, Walter J. Kohler, Sr. estate grounds, Kohler, Wisconsin
- Seattle Park System[14]
- Southern Boulevard Parkway (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
- South Mountain Reservation, Maplewood, Millburn, South Orange, West Orange, New Jersey
- Spokane, Washington city parks[15]
- Thompson Park and roadways, Watertown, New York
- Union County, New Jersey Park system
- Utica, New York Parks and Parkway System (1908–1914)
- Verona Park, Verona, New Jersey
- Wade Lagoon, on University Circle, Cleveland
- The garden at Welwyn Preserve, Long Island, New York
- Warinanco Park, Roselle, New Jersey
- Washington State Capitol campus, Olympia, Washington[16]
- Watsessing Park, Bloomfield, New Jersey
- The Highlands Neighborhood, Seattle[17]
Campus designs
- Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania (1895–1927)
- Chatham University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Denison University, Granville, Ohio (1916)
- Grove City College, Grove City, Pennsylvania (1929)[18]
- Harvard Business School, Allston, Massachusetts (1925–31)
- Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania (1925–32)*
- Huntingdon College campus,[19] Montgomery, Alabama
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (1929-1936) [20]
- Iowa State University Ames, Iowa (1906)
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (1903–19)
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana [21]
- Morehead State University, Morehead, Kentucky (1923)
- Middlesex School, Concord, Massachusetts (1901)
- Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts (1896–1922)
- Newton Country Day School, Newton, Massachusetts (1927)
- Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio (1903) [22]
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (1909)[23]
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (1909) [24]
- Saint Joseph College, West Hartford, Connecticut
- Samford University, Homewood, Alabama
- Stanford University, Stanford, California (1886-1914)
- Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts (1920)
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (1901–10)
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (1925)
- University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho (1908)[25][26]
- University of Montevallo, Montevallo, Alabama[27]
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana (1929–32)
- University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island (1894–1903)
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (1902–20)
- Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York (1896–1932)
- Western Michigan University Main Campus, Kalamazoo, Michigan (1904)[28]
- Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts (1902–12)
- ↑ "Percival Gallagher". The Cultural Landscape Foundation. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ "Percival Gallagher". Smithsonian Institution Research Information System: Archives, Manuscripts and Photographs Catalog. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ Valerie Easton (27 April 2003). "Masters Of Green". The Seattle Times. seattletimes.com. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ Filler, Martin (November 5, 2015). "America's Green Giant". New York Review of Books. 62 (17): 16. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- ↑ David B. Williams (May 2, 1999). "The Olmsted Legacy -- The Fabled Massachusetts Landscape Firm Got To Seattle Early, And That Has Made All The Difference". The Seattle Times. seattletimes.com. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ Hise, Greg; Deverell, William (7 June 2000). Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22415-5.
- ↑ Simon Romero, Sandra La Fuente P. contributor (27 December 2010). "A Venezuelan Oasis of Elitism Counts Its Days". The New York Times. p. A1 NY ed. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ "Company Timeline". Kohler Company.
- ↑ Cheri Goldner. "The History of Metro Parks". Summit Metro Parks. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ "Oldfields – Lilly House & Gardens". Indianapolis Museum of Art. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ "The battle over Prouty Garden is not over - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 2016-02-11.
- ↑ Jean P. Yearby, Historic American Engineering Record No. NJ-55, "Rahway River Park, Swimming Pool," 1985.
- ↑ http://www.hartford.gov/parks/204-riverside-park
- ↑ Williams, David B. "A brief history of Seattle's Olmstead legacy". City of Seattle. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ↑ Kershner, Jim (July 18, 2007). "Olmstead parks in Spokane". HistoryLink.org. Washington State History. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ↑ Cotton, Laurence. "John Charles Olmsted in the Pacific Northwest". PBS.org. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ↑ Troy University (1930)
- ↑ Crimson View, Grove City College Office of Admissions, p. 7
- ↑ "Huntingdon History". Huntingdon College. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ "The Old Crescent". Indiana Historic Landscapes Alliance. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ↑ "History of LSU". Louisiana State University. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ↑ Geoffrey Blodgett (11 May 1995). "The Grand March of Oberlin campus plans". Observer. Oberlin College. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ↑ "The Ohio State University". Campus Heritage Network. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ↑ "Report on Oregon Agricultural College" (PDF). Oregon State University. 1 October 1909. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ↑ "Campus planning history". University of Idaho. (Facilities Services). Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ↑ "History of the University of Idaho". University of Idaho. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ↑ "About Montevallo:UM Quick Facts". University of Montevallo. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
- ↑ "Original 1904 Planting Plan for the Western State Normal School". Western Michigan University. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
External links
|Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Olmsted Brothers
- Olmsted His Essential Theory
- Olmsted Parks in Seattle -- A Snapshot History at HistoryLink.org
- Olmsted Associates: A Register of Its Records in the Library of Congress, Manuscript Division
- Olmsted Research Guide Online a search tool for Olmsted projects and archival records
- Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site preserved home, office and archives of Olmsted firm, National Park Service
- National Association for Olmsted Parks
- Filson Historical Society|accessdate=15 April 2015 In the Filson Archives: Olmsted Brothers (landscape designers), 420, 580, 848.


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International trade has lifted more than a billion people out of poverty and driven economic growth in the Asia Pacific since 1990. Aid for Trade helps developing economies maximise the benefits of trade liberalisation. This public seminar launches two recent ADB reports Aid for Trade in Asia and the Pacific and Trade Facilitation for a More Inclusive and Connected Asia and Pacific Region.
Find flyers, registration, and complete event details at https://crawford.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/12099/aid-trade-asia-and-pacific
Updated: 24 April, 2017/Responsible Officer: Dean, ANU College of Asia & the Pacific/Page Contact: CAP Web Team


text:
sexta-feira, 1 de maio de 2015
Pinkand blue table- Mesa rosa e azul
Postado por Ivani Grande
5 comentários:
Gorgeous! I love the combination of colors and texture.ResponderExcluir
Hugs, Drora
Qué maravilla de mesa.Me encantan todos tus trabajos.ResponderExcluir
Hi Ivani! I really like your cake decorating table and what I especially like is the fact that the cake board can be separated from the main table and is able to stand apart on its own! The union of the board and the table is Perfect and the cakes and the decorations are all YUMMY looking!ResponderExcluir
a Beautiful Display!!!! :D
Beautiful! I like the colors.ResponderExcluir
Amazing blog and very interesting stuff you got here! I definitely learned a lot from reading through some of your earlier posts as well and decided to drop a comment on this one!ResponderExcluir
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Bar Harbor Restaurant Dining
Breakfast: 7am to 10:30am ~ Dinner: 5:30pm to 9:00pm
Sample Summer 2018 Dinner Menu (PDF: Page 1 | Page 2)
Sample 2018 Breakfast Menu (PDF: Page 1 | Page 2)
Bar Harbor Restaurant Dining: The Looking Glass was voted the "Best Breakfast with a View," for all of Maine, by the editors at Yankee Magazine (May/June 2010). Join us and find out why.
We offer convenient and abundant parking. We hope you'll visit us and enjoy our gorgeous view, deck and fire pit! Be prepared for a truly exceptional dining experience. Please click here for a map to The Looking Glass.
Visit our Full Restaurant Web Site Here


text:
Thank you so much for this awesome interview. I hope my readers will get your book and that it will help many children in this terrible predicament.
Monday, November 2, 2015
Interview with Author Jill Vanderwood
Thank you so much for this awesome interview. I hope my readers will get your book and that it will help many children in this terrible predicament.
9 comments:
- debbie curto said...
does this book address the issue of coaches being bullies. They are you know!
- November 2, 2015 at 9:38 AM
- Diane Dean White said...
Hi Jill,
It amazes me how this has taken over and some schools can't
control it or realize it's happening. Where are the parents
and what are they teaching their children? I became aware of
this when our nephew's daughter was dealing with it, because
she is simply different. They moved to another area, yet I don't
think that's the answer, and now they're home-schooling. I feel
badly for kids who can't enjoy school, and it's in the grade
schools, not just upper education. Your book is a wonderful idea
and it sounds like your research is top notch. God continue to guide
you as you share with others. :)
- November 2, 2015 at 10:52 AM
- Sonja said...
When my son was in school he had this problem, and we were so happy when friends stepped in. It's a real hard thing to go through. sonja dot nishimoto at gmail dot com
- November 2, 2015 at 8:08 PM
- Caroline said...
A serious problem in more than schools too. A definite real-world topic. Sounds like a good book to read!
- November 6, 2015 at 7:55 PM
- Ashleigh Swerdfeger said...
Interesting and so relevant to society. My mom had to pull my brother out of school due to bullying. It is a serious problem. Luckily, we found a better school -b ut not everyone has that ability.
- November 6, 2015 at 9:50 PM
- Jeanineitsme said...
I'm glad to see someone write about this problem. It affects so many children growing up!. Please add my to your giveaway list!
- November 7, 2015 at 6:15 PM
- Linda Weaver Clarke said...
We have two winners for this giveaway. Congratulations to Diane Dean White and Sonja Nishimoto. I know you'll enjoy this wonderful book. This is a very important subject that needs to be addressed.
- November 11, 2015 at 10:37 PM
- Unknown said...
You are a winner of my book, Erase the Problem of Bullying. I will need your home address. Email email@example.com --author Jill Vanderwood
- November 28, 2015 at 3:52 PM
- Diane Dean White said...
Hi Linda,
Jill's book arrived today. I'm eager to start reading
it. I know how serious this problem is. She's tackled
an important issue. :)
- December 2, 2015 at 3:12 PM


text:
Sarah : Work. A million years ago, give or take.
Sara: I've been told that I "date stamp" things, so i'd say it was summer of 2001, right?
Sarah: Don't ask me, Rain Man. If you say summer of 2001, I believe you. I do know it was at my office.
Sara: Yes, definitely at your office. I had to go there to look thru about 1,000 boxes (or at least it seemed that way).
Sarah: There were 106 boxes. There's a number that's burned on my brain. I remember you were with a couple other people that first time and I think you went to a Chinese restaurant for lunch.
Sara: Seriously, only 106? It had to be more than that!!!! But I will defer to you since they were "your" boxes. A Chinese restaurant? That I don't remember - and I usually remember things like fried crab wontons. Are you sure it was only 106? I worked on those boxes in the summer 2001 and then AGAIN in 2002 when I "came back" to Arizona ... because you know I had to leave to go back to college in North Carolina. It was so long ago.
Sarah: 106. I remember because the bank of shelves only held 100 boxes so the extra six had to go on a different bank of shelves on the other side of the room. It annoyed the hell out of me. There were also the claim files, which weren't in boxes. Yup, 106. I remember it as clearly as I remember you ate lunch at the "old" Autumn Court Chinese Restaurant. When did you move permanently to Arizona?
Sara: Ok, ok, you're right, you're right, I know you're right. The claim files - maybe that's what I'm thinking was so big. Autumn Court Chinese Restaurant? The name doesn't even ring a bell; you been there? Should we go back?
Sarah: I think the old Autumn Court closed when they built the light rail. It was a Phoenix landmark. There's a new Autumn Court somewhere. I can't say I've ever been to either one.
Sara: I came to Arizona first in summer 2000, came back in summer 2001 (when we met), and then came permanently in January 2002. When did you land here?
Sarah: I showed up in October 1994 after a year in Paris, France. I drove my grandma down from Minnesota and ended up staying. I've lived here since, though there are the mystery years in the late 90s when I didn't really live anywhere, but a variety of airports.
Sara: Interesting... sounds like there's a story behind that. So, we met in 2001 ... when did we realize we were the only ones getting along on that case? Do you remember?
Sarah: Man, from my end, it was right off the bat. That was one contentious lawsuit. I don't think I ever heard one good thing about your firm from the people I was working for. I remember our attorneys being amazed when I called you and asked for a document and you sent it. Since you were one of the devil's minions, they never thought you'd share it with me.
Sara: Ha ha ha! Yes, I remember us being coined the "Sarahs" back then because we seemed to be the only link between the 2 sides. I think everyone (including us) preferred it that way; we got to chat, and they got to avoid each other!
Sarah: When, though, did we discover that we both liked to knit?
Sara: OK, this YOU remember! You said that after Thanksgiving 2003 you asked me how my holiday was, and I casually mentioned that I had a blast in Kansas with my future family and that my future mother-in-law taught me how to knit! That was a fun weekend—trips to Wal-Mart (Dodge City Kansas has nowhere else to buy yarn), lots of Yahtzee, and lots of cocktails. I digress. I mentioned this to you and you said something like, "What do you know, I've been knitting since I was about 2 years old!" You started at 2, right?
Sarah: Ya, 2 months old. Okay, I forgot that I remember that. You weren't engaged yet, though. That definitely came later. I actually learned to knit when I was 12. I learned to crochet at 8.
Sara: You're funny! And you're right, I was not yet engaged (date stamp coming: engagement July 2004). 12 and 8? Is that normal? Who taught you?
Sarah: Well, my mom's business partner Mary Zimmerman taught me to crochet. I learned to knit in Home Ec class from my teacher Mrs. Geary. Back in the olden days, when I was in middle school (and you weren't born yet), they still had ideas about teaching girls home arts. I do remember that you were instantly obsessed with knitting.
Sara: Home Ec- I got ripped off there! I never had that class and I am sure it would have been my absolute favorite class! I was born in the wrong generation, for sure. Watching Mad Men and those clothes has affirmed that thought. Yes, I did love knitting right away. LOVED. IT. I still have my first scarf – a holey scarf that I'll never wear but will never part with.
Sarah: My first project was a scarf that I gave to my Uncle Terry. He still wears it!
Sara: Show off! Of course your first project was wearable. When did we start our knitting club? That was fun! I remember my first 'ambitious' project - a felted bag. You introduced me to double pointed needles (!!) at that point!
Sarah: Yes, my first project was wearable; only one small mistake on it, and perfectly even tension. I made a lot of scarves, then I made my first sweater when I was 18. I bought the yarn in London which is the only reason I know I was 18. I can't remember when the stitch-n-bitch started, but I do remember that we were the only ones who ever stitched! Perhaps, that's why it didn't last.
Sara: London too? You're well travelled. Yeah, I don't remember our stitch-n-bitch start date either , but it was a long time ago! I did still live in my condo then, so it must have been pre-2005. The others, I think, were more interested in the food & wine.
Sarah: I was very interested in the food and wine myself, but I can eat, drink and knit simultaneously. One time, when I was in college, one of my roommates came home and burst out laughing at me because I was reading a book, watching tv, eating dinner and knitting at the same time. I'm older now so I try to keep it down to three things at once. I do remember going to your condo for s-n-b right after you got engaged. You made these really good mini-sandwiches with cream cheese in them. They looked like flying saucers.
Sara: Yeah, those sandwiches are good. We may need those on our next planning day. Hey, at some point I wanted to sew; so me, you, Jan and Julie set up shop in your old house to make that Amy Butler bag with Timtex. I did NOT like working with that stuff! I think you sewed my whole bag for me because I was complaining so much! I still have that bag, and I've seen Julie's scraps in your craf-a-teria recently!
Sarah: I do remember the early sewing lesson. It all just sort of happened, didn't it? We just started hanging out a little, then a little more, then a little more...
Sara: Yeah, it was, "Sarah, can you help me make a knitting needle case?" - check. "Nursing cover?" - check. Then there were your fun cocktail parties with all your crafty friends. Somewhere it just spiraled and now it's been ... 9 years!
Sarah: Nine years and twice that many hair colors for you! My hair has been black tending toward grey the entire time. And, Timtex isn't that bad. It was the precursor to fusable fleece. I consider myself a defender of Timtex! It still has some good applications. It kind of sounds like you get a lot more out of this relationship, however, I'll point out that I am well-fed everytime we get together at your house, which is often.
Sara: OHHHH.. speaking of which, we've hardly mentioned our mutual love of food, bacon in particular! And ice cream. And bread. And pizza. And cinnamon rolls. And being well-fed is a very important thing! How did we come up with this blog idea? You came up with the competition aspect didn't you? Oh, and cream cheese.
Sarah: I think you were pushing the blog idea and I came up with the competition while I was teaching you to sew your first quilt, which we have to finish, by the way. We ditched working on the quilts to work on a clutch instead. I said we could both work on the same thing, post it and have people vote on their favorite. We can't forgot pepper jelly, and salsa, and popcorn with butter, and mint chocolate chip grasshopper martinis. I also remember talk of a yarn store. Then you discovered sewing and your whole world changed.
Sara: Oh yeah and grilled cheeses! I've thought you/we should do a craft blog for years. I'm so glad it's coming together. The quilts ... yes, we have to finish those. Perhaps a bonus challenge? The yarn store would've been great BUT, you're right, sewing changed it all. Now I think we should set our sights on a full crafting experience with food. You know a place to hang out, craft, learn, chat, eat. I'd like to live there. You?
Sarah: I'm totally down with that. Let's get a liquor license, too. I think, however, it's time for me to set my sights on going to bed.
Sara: Bed? I just poured another glass of wine! Okay, 'night... liquor license - check.
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Upgrade an offline OpenREM installation¶
Upgrading OpenREM requires new Python packages to be available as well as the latest version of OpenREM. These can be downloaded on any computer with Python 2.7 installed and an internet connection, though if you have trouble when installing the packages you might need to use a similar computer to the one you are installing on - same operating system and matching 32-bit or 64-bit.
On a computer with internet access¶
In a console, navigate to a suitable place and create a new directory to collect all the packages in, then use pip to download them all:
mkdir openremfiles
pip download -d openremfiles openrem==0.8.1
Older versions of pip may need to use the following command instead:
pip install -d openremfiles openrem==0.8.1
Copy everything to the OpenREM server¶
- Copy the directory to the OpenREM server
On the OpenREM server without internet access¶
Back up your database
- For PostgreSQL you can refer to Backup the database
- For a non-production SQLite3 database, simply make a copy of the database file
Stop any Celery workers
If you are using a virtualenv, activate it now, then
pip install --no-index --find-links=openremfiles openrem==0.8.1
Now go back to Update the configuration and update the configuration.


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We are delighted that from today, Bella Italia customers and employees will be helping to raise funds for our work.
The restaurants have just released their new menu and they have created a special dish for us - Pasta Capra.
25p from every Pasta Capra dish sold will be donated to our work.
In addition Bella Italia's staff will be fundraising for us, supported and inspired by our Regional Fundraisers and local projects.
We chose The Children's Society as Bella Italia's nominated charity because we know we will be able to make a genuine, truly significant and notable difference. They are a wonderful charity to work with, and honestly appreciate all the support we can give them!
-- Jeni Fine (Brand Manager), Bella Italia
To find out more about the partnership, or if you have any ideas about how you can boost fundraising at your local Bella Italia please contact email@example.com


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The Sisters Grimm: The Fairy-Tale Detectives by Michael Buckley
By dcgirl9139 | Books | August 11, 2010 |
By dcgirl9139 | Books | August 11, 2010 |
The Sisters Grimm tells the story of almost 12-year-old Sabrina and her 7-year-old sister Daphne. Ever since their parents went missing, the girls have been bounced around the foster care system. At the beginning of the book, they are being taken to stay with a woman claiming to be their grandmother. The only problem is that Grandma Grimm died before either girl was born. Or at least that was what their parents said ...
In actuality, Sabrina and Daphne's parents lied to protect them. The Grimms, related to the brothers Grimm of fairy-tale fame, are charged with keeping order in the town of Ferryport Landing. Fairy-tale creatures, or "Everafters" as they prefer to call themselves, came to America to escape opression. Soon, humans began to converge and the everafters lashed out, fearing the same oppression. Wilhelm Grimm had a witch cast a spell keeping all the everafters in Ferryport Landing as long as a member of the Grimm family still resides in the city, a spell that will endure until the last Grimm dies.
Because of this spell, the Grimms aren't exactly the most popular family in town. Grandma Relda Grimm, however, takes it upon herself to investigate strange fairy-tale encounters. Someone planted a beanstalk, a giant climbed down and smooshed a farmhouse. Mayor Charming (As in PRINCE) tries to dissuade the Grimms from getting involved, making him the prime suspect. They form a theory that Charming lured the giant down to destroy the farmhouse because he is trying to buy up property and rebuild his former kingdom. After their grandmother and her friend Mr. Canis are taken by the giant, Daphne and Sabrina, plus Puck from A Midsummer Night's Dream have to work to save her. They enlist the help of Jack the giant killer, now employed at a Big & Tall clothing store. Still, though, even though it seems they have the answers, everything is not as they think it is.
As I mentioned before, I like fairy-tales and retellings of fairy-tales. Thise series seemed like it might be fun. I definitely enjoyed the appearances of characters from stories and books, like Beauty and the Beast arguing at the Mayor's Ball and the three little pigs serving as police officers. There were some fairly poignant moments, such as Sabrina's little breakdown. She admits that she is afraid her grandmother will abandon her like her parents did. Sabrina was difficult to like at the beginning of the book, but I understand that she had good reason to be suspicious of the adults in her life after all she had been through. Daphne was adorable throughout the book. I'm not sure if I will continue the series, and if I do, it probably won't be until after Cannonball Read is over. This was still a pretty good book for children.
This review is part of the Cannonball Read series. For more of dcgirl9139's reviews, check out her blog, I'm Going to Read Your Mind Next.


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Pattern Type:Solid
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Condition:New With Tags
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