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- Research article
- Open Access
Seeds for effective oligonucleotide design
- Lucian Ilie1Email author,
- Silvana Ilie2,
- Shima Khoshraftar1 and
- Anahita Mansouri Bigvand1
© Ilie et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
- Received: 21 January 2011
- Accepted: 1 June 2011
- Published: 1 June 2011
DNA oligonucleotides are a very useful tool in biology. The best algorithms for designing good DNA oligonucleotides are filtering out unsuitable regions using a seeding approach. Determining the quality of the seeds is crucial for the performance of these algorithms.
We present a sound framework for evaluating the quality of seeds for oligonucleotide design. The F - score is used to measure the accuracy of each seed. A number of natural candidates are tested: contiguous (BLAST-like), spaced, transitions-constrained, and multiple spaced seeds. Multiple spaced seeds are the best, with more seeds providing better accuracy. Single spaced and transition seeds are very close whereas, as expected, contiguous seeds come last. Increased accuracy comes at the price of reduced efficiency. An exception is that single spaced and transitions-constrained seeds are both more accurate and more efficient than contiguous ones.
Our work confirms another application where multiple spaced seeds perform the best. It will be useful in improving the algorithms for oligonucleotide design.
- Left Plot
- Single Seed
- Suffix Tree
- Suffix Array
- Maximum Stretch
An oligonucleotide is a short DNA or RNA sequence. It is usually designed to hybridize with a unique position in a target sequence. In this way the target sequence can be uniquely identified using the oligonucleotide as a probe. DNA oligonucleotides have many applications such as gene identification, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification, or DNA microarrays.
Many software programs have been written to construct good DNA oligonucleotides, such as ProbeSelect [1], PROBESEL [2], ProMide [3], OligoArray [4, 5], ArrayOligoSelector [6], OligoWiz [7], ROSO [8], GoArrays [9], and ProDesign [10]. One crucial issue in designing good oligonucleotides is to minimize the chance of cross-hybridization. Unsuitable regions are filtered out before checking for cross-hybridization. The underlying algorithms of these software programs are based on one or more of the following tools: suffix trees, suffix arrays, sequence alignments, seeds. Those based on seeds are very good, due to the increased accuracy and efficiency. However, their performance depends heavily on the seeds they use and our main goal here is to find the best seeds for oligonucleotide design.
Seeds were made highly popular by the sequence alignment program BLAST [11], the most widely used software program in bioinformatics. Instead of the quadratic dynamic programming exact algorithm of Smith-Waterman [12], which is infeasible for long sequences, BLAST searches for 11 contiguous matches between the sequences as an indicator of potential local similarity. It has been noticed first by [13] that considering non-consecutive matches produces better results. The first similarity search program to use this idea was PatternHunter [14] where the distribution of the match positions is also optimized. If we denote a match by a 1 and a don't care position by a *, then the default seed of BLAST is 11111111111, representing eleven consecutive matches, whereas the matches of the PatternHunter's seed are spaced: 111*1**1*1**11*111. While the distribution of the matches in this latter seed may seem random, it is not. In fact, it is optimal for this particular case, which means that any other distribution of the matches would be less effective in detecting alignments.
It is intuitively clear that several seeds, with different distribution of the matches, may detect more similarities. This idea has been used in PatternHunter II [15] where 16 seeds are used. The increase in sensitivity (that is, probability of detecting alignments) is impressive. Under similar conditions (see the Methods section), the sensitivity increases from 0.3 for the contiguous seed of BLAST to 0.467 for PatternHunter's seed and then to 0.924 for the multiple seed of Pattern-Hunter II. Multiple spaced seeds quickly became the state-of-the-art in similarity search in biological applications. They are used not only by similarity search programs such as PatternHunter [14], PatterHunter II [15], Yass [16] but also by many tools for read alignment of the next generation sequencing data, such as SHRiMP [17], PerM [18], SToRM [19]. However, there seems to be no software for oligonucleotide design that uses multiple spaced seeds. Most of them use BLAST and we found that only ProDesign [10] uses a single transition-constrained seed.
Our goal is to show that multiple spaced seeds perform the best for the task of oligonucleotide design. We shall describe a sound framework to evaluate the quality of various types of seeds for oligonucleotide search. Two aspects are to be considered: accuracy and efficiency. Accuracy is the ability of a seed to distinguish between regions that are similar with a given one and those that are not. Efficiency concerns the speed of this process.
To the best of our knowledge, there is only one study on this problem, due to Chung and Park [20]. Their conclusion is that "multiple seed selection method is not good at oligo design." This is not only incorrect but also misleading as it argues against what we believe to be the best tool for oligo design. As explained in details in the Methods section, their approach has several problems which invalidate their conclusions. Essentially, their statistical tests are incorrectly defined. In addition, they tested only some weaker variants of the multiple spaced seeds.
We introduce a different approach here and show that the multiple spaced seeds actually provide the best accuracy. The accuracy increases with the number of seeds but this comes at the price of reduced efficiency. It is interesting to notice that spaced seeds are both more accurate and more efficient than contiguous seeds.
In this section we describe our framework for comparing various types of seeds for oligonucleotide design. We first introduce seeds and describe their working mechanism. We also introduce seed sensitivity and explain the intuitive advantages of multiple seeds.
A DNA sequences is seen as a string over the alphabet Σ = {A, C, G, T } whereas a seed is a string over {1, *}; a 1 stands for a match and a * for a don't care position. The number of 1's in a seed is called the weight of that seed and the total number of characters is its length. The i th letter of a string s is denoted by s[i]. A hash of a seed s is obtained by replacing all 1's in s by letters from Σ. If the weight of s is w, then 4 w different hashes can be obtained from s. A given hash of s, say h, occurs at position i in a DNA sequence D if aligning h with D starting at position i causes all letters of h to match the corresponding letters of D.
A hit means there is a chance for an actual similarity. The ability of a seed to detect similarities is called sensitivity. A Bernoulli model of sequence alignments has been introduced in [15] in order to formally define sensitivity. An alignment is represented as a binary sequence, R, where a 1 represents a match and a 0 a mismatch between the two sequences. The probability p of a 1 is called similarity. A seed s hits R at a positions i if aligning s with R starting at i causes all 1's in s to match 1's in R. The sensitivity of s is formally defined as the probability that it hits R. It depends on both the length N of the random region R and similarity level p. The sensitivity of the contiguous BLAST seed for N = 64 and p = .7 is 0.3 whereas the sensitivity of the spaced PatternHunter seed, under the same conditions, is considerably higher: 0.467.
Multiple spaced seeds
Multiple spaced seeds are sets of seeds. A multiple spaced seed containing k ≥ 1 seeds will be called a k-seed. The definition of a hit is naturally extended to multiple seeds: a multiple seed hits when one of its seeds does so. The sensitivity is therefore defined similarly. A dynamic programming algorithm for computing sensitivity for multiple seeds is given in [15]. Under the same conditions N = 64, p = 0.7, the multiple spaced seed of PatternHunter II, consisting of 16 seeds of weight 11, has sensitivity 0.924, much higher than a single spaced seed. It is therefore natural to consider multiple spaced seeds as the best candidate to oligonucleotide design.
The sensitivity alone is not sufficient to assess the quality of a seed. That is because we can increase the sensitivity as much as we like simply by decreasing the weight. However, that would cause an increase in the number of random hits. We have therefore a trade off: decreasing the weight increases the sensitivity but also the number of random hits whereas increasing the weight decreases both. Weight 11 achieves a good balance and this is why it is used in the above mentioned programs.
More precisely, consider a single seed s of length ℓ and weight w. Consider also a random region R of length N and similarity level p, as done in the definition of sensitivity. The expected number of hits s has in R is (N - ℓ + 1)p w , since there are N - ℓ + 1 places where s can hit and each has probability p w . If we increase the weight of the seed by 1, then the expected number of hits becomes essentially a fraction p of the old one. Assuming that the four bases A, C, G, T appear with equal probability, that means that the number of expected hits is reduced to one quarter of the previous one. Less hits means less wasted ones, that is, less false positives and therefore increased specificity. However, increasing the weight of a seed also decreases the true positives, and therefore the sensitivity. In order to increase both, we can increase not only the weight but also the number of seeds. It turns out, as noticed by [15], that simultaneously increasing the weight by one and doubling the number of seeds provides slightly better sensitivity. But doubling the number of seeds only increases the expected number of hits by a factor of two whereas increasing the weight by one reduces it to a quarter. Essentially, this is the main reason why multiple spaced seeds are so good.
One should be aware however, that more memory is required for a higher number of seeds in order to store more hash tables and this enforces an upper bound on the number of seeds that can be used.
Accuracy and Efficiency
The oligo design problem requires the ability to construct oligos that will hybridize only at unique positions in a given sequence. That is, for a given sequence (a potential oligo), we need to be able to accurately distinguish sequences that are similar with it from those that are not. Our setup will therefore include precisely constructed sequences of both types which need to be distinguished.
TP is the number of oligos that are hit,
FP is the number of non-oligos that are hit,
TN is the number of non-oligos that are not hit,
FN is the number of oligos that are not hit.
The precision P and the recall R are defined by , respectively, and the
We shall define the accuracy of a seed as its F -score.
Note that, in binary classification, "recall" is called also "sensitivity." To avoid any confusion, we use the term "sensitivity" only with the meaning of "seed sensitivity" as defined in the "Seeds" subsection above.
In our example in Figure 3 for the seed s = 11*1**111, it is easy to verify that the oligos 1, 2, and 3 and the non-oligos 5 and 6 are hit. The oligo 4 and the non-oligos 7 to 10 are not hit. We have TP = 3, FP = 2, FN = 1, and TN = 4. Therefore, P = 0.6, R = 0.75 and F = 0.667.
The approach in [20] uses also the F -score as measure of accuracy (called discriminability), however, different definitions for true positives are used for precision and recall, making the F -score irrelevant as it involves the precision and recall of different tests.
In our example in Figure 3 the oligo 1 is hit twice, whereas the other hit sequences are hit only once each. The total number of hits is 6, TP = 3 and therefore the efficiency is E = 0.5.
The efficiency of [20] is defined by an arbitrary normalization of the average number of hits per oligo, where the average considers, incorrectly, all oligos, instead of those that are hit (TP). Efficient discriminability, the most significant measure of seed quality in [20], is obtained by multiplying discriminability with efficiency. This measure depends completely on the way normalization of efficiency is done and therefore impossible to interpret. In fact, by changing the normalization, most any seed can be made to appear the best. We shall not mix accuracy and efficiency.
Results and Discussion
We compare in this section various types of seeds using the framework constructed above and then discuss the obtained results.
Data sets
identity level with target sequence: 85%
maximum stretch of continuous matches:15bp
hybridization free energy: -30 kcal/mol
Computing optimal spaced seeds is a hard problem; see [15, 22]. For a single seed it is feasible to try all seeds and compute the sensitivity of each to determine the optimal. Therefore, the single seeds we consider, contiguous, transition-constrained, and spaced, are the same as those of [20]. Transition-constrained seeds were introduced by [16] and used in their YASS software program. Such a seed contains, in addition to matches and don't cares, a new character, @, which stands for either a match or a transition, that is, a substitution A↔G or C↔T. The biological motivation for this is that transitions are more common than transversions, that is, A/G↔C/T. The seed used in YASS is 1@1**11**1*11@1.
Computing optimal multiple spaced seeds is significantly harder than single seeds. Even computing an optimal 2-seed of usable weight and length is infeasible. Therefore, many heuristic algorithms have been designed to compute multiple spaced seeds but they are all exponential, with the exception of SpEED [23](http://www.csd.uwo.ca/~ilie/SpEED), which is based on the notion of overlap complexity of [24]. Chung and Park used two weaker versions of multiple spaced seeds, namely BLAT and vector seeds.
Using SpEED, we have computed highly sensitive multiple spaced seeds with 2, 4, 8, and 16 seeds. The parameters used by SpEED for computing the seeds are derived from those of the oligos. That is, N = 50 for 50-mer oligos and N = 70 for 70-mer oligos. In both cases, p = 0.85, which is the identity level. (All seeds that we have used are given in the additional file 1.)
Highest accuracy values
50-mer data sets
70-mer data sets
seed type
max. accuracy
seed type
max. accuracy
A last comment concerns the transition seeds. A single transition seed is slightly less accurate than a single spaced seed. However, this reason is not sufficient to rule out multiple transition seeds. Our analysis focuses on multiple spaced seeds since we were in position to compute very good ones. Multiple transition seeds should be investigated further.
As explained earlier, accuracy and efficiency cannot be mixed. Taken separately, they show clearly the ranking. Together, they give the trade off: better accuracy comes with a price in efficiency (except when contiguous seeds are replaced by transition-constrained or single spaced seeds).
We have presented a sound framework to compare seeds for oligonucleotide design. It is known that multiple spaced seeds perform better than the other seeds in many applications but the requirements of oligo design are different. We have proved that, also in this application, multiple spaced seeds have the highest accuracy. This corrects the conclusion of Chung and Park [20]. We hope that our study will determine researchers in this area to use multiple spaced seeds in software programs for oligonucleotide design. The seeds can be created using the SpEED program that we mentioned before. The assessment of the seeds can be done using a framework as above.
LI and SI were each supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Drivers suffered long delays on the M40 this morning (Monday August 15) when a broken-down car forced a lane to be closed.
The southbound side of the motorway between junction 14 Leamington and junction 13 Bishops Tachbrook saw long tailbacks because of the breakdown.
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The Battlefield: Bad Company Frostbite Engine Trailer was created to show viewers the basics of the Frostbite Engine, from audio to destruction.
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It's an age-old question, one I'm sure great philosophers such as Socrates, Nietzsche and St. Thomas Aquinas pored over. I think their work on this topic has yet to be uncovered. READ
It's an age-old question, one I'm sure great philosophers such as Socrates, Nietzsche and St. Thomas Aquinas pored over. I think their work on this topic has yet to be uncovered. READ
The Times Review Media Group — publishers of The Suffolk Times, Riverhead News-Review, Shelter Island Reporter, Long Island Wine Press and northforker.com — would like to wish you a Merry Christmas today and a Happy New Year.
The holidays have long been considered the worst time of year to put your home on the market. But could listing your property between Thanksgiving and the New Year actually not be such a bad thing?
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"We actually see an increase in hospitalizations due to heart attacks, congestive heart failure and abnormal heart rhythm during the holiday season," she said.
Devouring those rich holiday meals means you're likely exposing yourself to high levels of sodium, or salt, which can drive up blood pressure. Combining high blood pressure with alcohol can lead to abnormal heart rhythm, Dr. Hugelmeyer said. Add in the stress of the season and the combination can prove too much for many unsuspecting adults.
Those with diabetes should be sure to monitor not only the sugary cocktails and homemade cranberry sauces but also carbohydrates from the meal's previous courses. If you know that apple pie or sugar cookies will be too good to pass up, plan ahead and eat lightly during the main course.
"If you fall off track one day, that doesn't mean your diet is ruined," Dr. Hugelmeyer said. One of the best ways to stay the course is to give away leftovers, even if they make the perfect midnight snack. Pick up containers ahead of time and prepare doggie bags for friends and family — your waistline will thank you later.
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So here are the last of the photos from the session with Sarah that I blogged last time. I'm not sure anymore where I got the idea for this set at, but I'm quite happy with the results.
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Bible study
To find out more about the bible study groups at our parish click here.
The Young Adults group meets for bible studies on most Mondays at 7pm in the parish hall. For more information and the schedule please visit the Young Adults' Page.
Our Small Groups program examines scripture through Bible study, and provides opportunities for learning the history and important places of our Catholic faith. Groups generally meet in the fall and during Lent. Watch the bulletin for contact information.
|Young Adult Group
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*head to toe: BB Dakota coat, Cut25 blazer, James Perse tee, Rebecca Taylor skirt, Wolford tights, Zara shoes
Photos by Lydia Hudgens


text: Ethiopian troops previously entered Somalia in 2006 to drive out the Islamic Courts Union [File: EPA] Ahmed later joined the government after signing a UN-brokered peace deal and is now battling former allies from the al-Shabab and Hizbul-Islam groups, which have vowed to topple his government.Border securityAl Jazeera's Mohammed Adow, reporting from Nairobi in Kenya, said that it remained to be seen what action Ethiopian forces would take. "Ethiopia has got a big stake in what is going on in Somalia because it believes that its security would be threatened if the Islamist militias, such as al-Shabab, take over Somalia," he said. In depth Profile: Sharif Ahmed Timeline: Somalia Inside Story: What next for Somalia Video: Foreign fighters 'invade' Somalia Riz Khan: Somalia - From bad to worse Restoring Somalia A long road to stability Al-Shabab: Somali fighters undeterred Somalia at a crossroads Somaliland: Africa's isolated state "But I doubt it is sending its forces into Somalia, unless it gets its actions sanctioned by the United Nations, which would take weeks, if not months. "Ethiopia's return to Somalia might be about securing its borders rather than heading to Mogadishu." Nur said that he had been forced to call for help after the opposition fighters had been bolstered by hundreds of foreigners. "We have a state of emergency in this country today because foreign fighters from all over the world are fighting the government," he said. Nur also said that an al-Qaeda operative from Pakistan was directing the fighting and was based in the Sanna neighbourhood of Mogadishu, close to the presidential palace.He did not provide any evidence for his claims.The United States has previously said that the al-Shabab movement, which has vowed to topple the government, is supported by al-Qaeda.Mohamed Sheikh Nor, a journalist in Mogadishu, told Al Jazeera that there was likely to be heavy fighting if the Ethiopian troops reached the central and southern areas controlled by the armed opposition groups."There will be confrontations and clashes," he said."Some of the politicians in the government say, however, that the Ethiopian troops can help set up the institutions of the government."Al-Shabab and Hizbul-Islam launched an offensive against government forces on May 7 and more than 300 civilians are believed to have been killed in the resulting fighting.Heavy fightingThere were reports of heavy fighting on Saturday in Hamarweh, another suburb near the presidential palace, after clashes in the northern Karan district overnight."I saw heavily armed Islamist fighters advancing onto Hamarweh area. They are firing mortar shells and government forces are retaliating," Warsameh Ahmed, a Mogadishu resident, told the AFP news agency. "Kenya had been saying that it will attack the mujahidin of al-Shabab for the last four months. If it tries to, we will attack Kenya and destroy the tall buildings of Nairobi" Sheikh Hasan Yacqub,al-Shabab spokesman "It seems they are close to taking control of the area."Three high-profile government officials - the security minister, an MP and a senior police officer - have been killed in recent days.More than 4,300 Ugandan and Burundian soldiers are already deployed in Somalia as part of an African Union (AU) force and are charged with protecting strategic sites such as the presidency, the port and the airport. But the troops are not allowed to fight alongside government forces and are authorised only to retaliate if they come under direct attack.Kenya said on Friday that it would not sit by and allow the situation in its neighbour to deteriorate further as it would destabilise the rest of the region.It said that the AU was committed to increasing its commitment, but al-Shabab had warned against any foreign intervention.Sheikh Hasan Yacqub, an al-Shabab spokesman, said in the southern port city of Kismayo: "Kenya had been saying that it will attack the mujahidin of al-Shabab for the last four months. "If it tries to, we will attack Kenya and destroy the tall buildings of Nairobi." Thousands of residents fled Mogadishu on Saturday, many of them joining the estimated 400,000 people who are living rough along the Afgooye corridor, about 20km south of the capital. SOURCE: Al Jazeera and agencies


text:
We often see something we like, and we want it. The same situation is with our personality. We want to be someone else. This starts very soon. For example, in high school, you can see many girls who want to be as the most popular girls in school. Also, boys want to be as the most popular boy at school. These were just two, most basic examples. There are a million more.
Why we want to be someone else is simple. We think that their life is perfect, and we want to have the same. Actually, when you look at someone's life, you only see half of a story. You can see that person, in that particular moment, not more. So, you may assume that he/she is happy and has a perfect life, but it doesn't have to be true. This also applies to the Facebook comparison (when you compare your life with the lives of other people on Facebook).
The real question is, why you want to change yourself? Why you want to be like someone else. You have your personality, your desires and your goals. Many people like you for that. If you change them, you will be a copy of some person. If you want to be a unique, you must have your own personality. Other people will respect you for that.
You cannot change yourself because, your personality is deep in your brain. You can try, and you can fool people around you. But, at the end of a day, you will be the same person as before. So, don't try to change yourself, it is impossible.


text:
Khurd Khyber Pass.
Photographer: Burke, John
Medium: Photographic print
Date: 1878
The Anglo-Russian rivalry (called the Great Game) precipitated the Second Afghan War. Afghanistan was of strategic importance to the British in the defence of their Indian Empire, and the prevention of the spreading influence of Russia. They favoured a Forward Policy of extending India's frontiers to the Hindu Kush and gaining control over Afghanistan. An opportunity presented itself when the Amir Sher Ali turned away a British mission while a Russian mission was visiting his court at Kabul. The British had demanded a permanent mission at Kabul which Sher Ali, trying to keep a balance between the Russians and British, would not permit.
British suspicions of the Amir's perceived susceptibility to the Russians led them to invade Afghanistan.Scouts look down upon the steep defile which was described thus in the Gazetteer of Afghanistan, part IV, p.299, Calcutta, 1910, 'It is very narrow, in some places not admitting of two horsemen riding abreast, and about three-quarters of a mile long. It is merely a deep, narrow ravine with high banks in some parts. The road through it is good, and the descent in it is not difficult, but an enemy occupying the heights could stop the advance of any force till they were dislodged'.


text:
By the time of Congress's involvement, Shiavo's name was nearly a household name. There had been a series of cases involving the family that had gained national attention over the years, yet there were Congressmen giving speeches asserting positive diagnosis of Shiavo's condition (and were near to giving odds on her readiness to spring from the bed) who were unable to pronounce her name.
You would assume that a Congressman would take the time to evaluate a case to have a full understand of the situation, especially in the case of legislation that may raise serious constitutional questions. It would also be fair to assume that through said study (in this case, dozens of court cases, the 14 years of medical records and the numerous journalistic investigations) one would have come across the proper pronunciation of the name of the subject.
While that is not a damning evaluation of individual legislators' understanding, it does raise questions as to the forethought given to such a radical piece of legislation. If the Congress is going to craft legislation that raises so many questions regarding federalism, religion, privacy, custody and proper medial treatment, you would hope that your legislator would take the time to adequately familiarize himself with the relevant information.
That said, when such questionable legislation is created in the name of one individual, you should have the assurance that your Congressman knows the name the person for whom they are working.
- Murphy


text:
Listen, we sort of felt bad for Kris Humphries for a minute. He's not exactly a paradigm of tact, but after being blindsided by Kim Kardashian's decision to seek a divorce after he spent their two months of marriage putting on a happy face for her reality show, he handled himself with a bit of grace.
Now, we just want him to crawl back under the basketball-shaped rock from which he emerged.
Last week, Humphries announced that while he's going through a "difficult time"… he's totally making tons of money! He held a press conference in New York about his new endorsement deal with Sector watches (to the tune of $150,000 and, well, a whole lot of free timepieces).
"I'm happy to be here," Humphries said, according to Us. "As you all know, this
has been a difficult time in my life, and I'm so grateful [for] my
friends at Sector for their unwavering support. Most of all, they really do have great watches. A portion of the sales
will go to my foundation which is all set up to fight against childhood
obesity and it's a really great thing."
The watch company, Humphries says, represents him well. "It truly represents who I am both on and off the court," he says. "I've
been a watch and fashion lover my entire life, and a competitor, and the
no limit tag is really about how I approach my career."
Oh, right. Humphries says he's still training every day in the hopes that the NBA Lockout will end. In the meantime, he's working on his foundation.


text:
UJ long
FX:USDJPY US-Dollar / Japanischer Yen
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Kommentar: i am sorry , mistake , uj has no support here to go up , so has to find it somewhere down .So SHORT first ,
Kommentar: short before long
It just hit support and changed color. The Japanese speech was just about financial technology.
Rocketman Rocketman
This is the Yen itself......not USDJPY///but the YEN on a 15 minute chart.. I am waiting for a break down as you can see here:
Do you know where we can hear the BOJ speaking tonight or quick references as to what is coming out of their mouths? I have some resources: wbponline.com is one.,.. the other is the boj website. Bloomberg is too slow.
We are all waiting on a Japanese catalyst tonight....yeah...4 hours left. I hope it works out and kicks off the 52year monthly chart of the usdjpy.
stream Rocketman
i suppose was tired yesterday , .. haha .. big mistake .. I am sorry .


text:
I'm thrilled to be taking part in T.F. Walsh's Cloaked in Secrecy Book Blitz. I'm a huge fan, and can't wait to get my teeth into this one (pun intended). Scroll down for the book blurb, excerpt, and a fantastic giveaway.
What better way for a pack of wulfkin shifters to remain in seclusion than to hide in plain sight?
Death has followed Alena Novac's circus family for years, but when the police arrest her brother for murder, she must rescue him before he transforms behind prison walls. With less than a week to execute her plan, a member from the Varlac family who murdered her mother reappears. Now, Alena has to decide whether to make good on her promise to avenge her mother's death or risk rescuing her brother.
Enre Ulf has one mission – prevent Alena's father from claiming his territory and slaughtering his wulfkin pack in Transylvania. Enre may have turned his back on his Varlac heritage, but that doesn't mean he won't impersonate one to infiltrate the circus clan and take out their alpha. Knowing that his secrets will lead to his demise, Enre takes the risk in order to save his home. What he never planned on was his wolf claiming Alena as his mate.
Now with the police closing in, and the real Varlac threatening them, Alena and Enre must overcome their pasts to save their packs' futures.
Chapter One Excerpt:
The tall, broad-shouldered man was branded with two gash marks down the side of his face and neck, and blood smeared his cheek. He wiped it away with his hand as his gaze deepened with darkness.
I studied his stubbled jawline, and inhaled the fresh blood. It belonged to him.
Wind fanned across my back. It had been a long time since I'd faced off with anyone. Father had brought me up to use my head, not my teeth.
"What pack do you belong to?" My voice sharpened, and a growl hung off my last word. Show no fear.
He studied the path I'd taken. "There's a loose wulfkin in wolf form here, and I think she's wild." His gruff voice raised goose bumps up and down my legs, and I recoiled. "Is she yours?"
My next inhale wedged in my chest. Had Mila been caught or injured? "Where is she?"
"Why would you allow her out amongst humans? Are you trying to reveal us?"
Flames spread over my cheeks. "Who the hell are you? It's not your business what happens on our territory."
Since we ran a traveling circus, we claimed any location where we performed, though we rarely stopped in places already taken by other packs. Lucky for us, the majority of them steered clear of cities.
The wulfkin leaned forward, his voice rough and low. "I tried catching her before anyone saw her, but as you can see"—he pointed to his recent wounds—"she wasn't overly friendly." Running a hand through his short, black hair, he stared at me.
When the breeze bathed me in his scent again, his muskiness almost knocked me over, and my eyes dipped south although my brain screamed, "Don't!" This wulfkin should never wear jeans in public unless he wanted every single female to ravage him. And the leather jacket did nothing to hide his muscles.
When I looked up, he wore a sly grin.
Heat scalded my body, and my wolf pressed against my insides, whimpering, demanding we claim him. She wanted this stranger? Working in the circus, I'd seen all kinds, but no one had ever affected my wolf this way.
"Don't flatter yourself." I refused to allow him to openly knock me off my feet with his gorgeousness. Scratch that. With his audacity.
"Why isn't she transforming into human form?" he asked.
My hands curled into fists. "I don't have to tell you anything." Studying the passage ahead of me, I inhaled the crisp air for signs of Mila. "If you remain here, you'll have dozens of wulfkin on your trail, ready to tear you to shreds—"
He narrowed the gap between us, his square shoulders stiff.
"Or, you can help me find M ... the wolf girl, and return with me to the pack to explain yourself."
His ravenous gaze remained on me, searching for who knows what. Every hair stayed in place, despite his bleeding wounds, and a smile was on the verge of breaking the edges of his mouth. Maybe he was only a hungry wolf ready to pounce on his prey.
A train-car-sized load of words bubbled on my tongue, mostly threats, but when a single howl in the distance broke the morning silence, every thought vanished.
My head snapped up. Nicolai. Mila.
Police sirens rang out above the drone of the highway.
"We better get out of here," the other wulfkin said.
My heart bounced against my rib cage, and I ran past him.
Police sirens rang out above the drone of the highway.
"We better get out of here," the other wulfkin said.
My heart bounced against my rib cage, and I ran past him.
No! Please, no.
The rain, now sudden and fast, drenched every part of me, filling my boots and threatening to bowl me over.
The rain, now sudden and fast, drenched every part of me, filling my boots and threatening to bowl me over.
Cloaked in Secrecy is the book 2 in the Wulfkin Legacy series, but can be read a stand-alone-book.
Grab Your Copy: Amazon | B&N | Kobo | Googleplay |iTunes
Publisher: Crimson Romance
Wulfkin Legacy Series:
Cloaked (prequel to #1) – Out now
Cloaked in Fur (Book #1) – Out now
Cloaked in Secrecy (Book #2) – Out now
Cloaked in Blood (Book #3) – May 2016
Cloaked in Christmas – End of 2016
Sign up here for T.F. Walsh's newsletter to keep up to date with latest releases, special offers, and exclusive content.
About The Author
T.F. Walsh emigrated from Romania to Australia at the age of eight and now lives in a regional city south of Sydney with her husband. Growing up hearing dark fairytales, she's always had a passion for reading and writing horror, paranormal romance, urban fantasy and young adult stories. She balances all the dark with light fluffy stuff like baking and traveling.
Author Links: Website | Facebook | Twitter | Pinterest | Goodreads | Amazon
Don't forget to enter the giveaway!
Don't forget to enter the giveaway!


text: Digital A Walk Down Super Bowl Boulevard Wearing Google Glass By Adweek Staff|January 31, 2014 Share By Adweek Staff|January 31, 2014 Share For those who haven't had the opportunity to try Google Glass, the wearable device can safely be described as a work-in-progress when it comes to utilities. But boy, does Glass shoot some pretty video. White Lightning + Judge's Son, a Brooklyn-based advertising agency, kindly loaned its Google Glass to Adweek for a fun test-drive around midtown Manhattan's main attraction this week—Super Bowl Boulevard. For the record, there wasn't one "hey, Glasshole!" remark in an hour of mixing in with the crowd. To the contrary, somewhat surprisingly, folks seemed genuinely intrigued by the odd-looking techie spectacles. Check out the sights and the sounds as Snickers, Pepsi, Subway, Bridgestone and other brands attempt to engage the multitudes of passersby, through the lens of Glass. Share http://adweek.it/1ftZlin copy Adweek Adweek


text:
Indie authors support each other all the time, at least, that's my experience. Two co-authoring brothers with best selling novels on both sides of the Atlantic have taken support several steps farther. Sean and Dan Campbell have freely instituted an incredible marketing campaign for one of our own, with a blue print that can serve us all.
Many of you might know Stephen C Spencer as a world class author of thrillers. His Paul Mallory series are favorites of mine. During the past year, however, Stephen has stepped out of the stream.
It's difficult for any indie author to stay on top of the promotional game yet playing the game is the only way for books to get noticed. If you followed Stephen on Twitter, perhaps you've noticed that he stepped out of the stream a good while ago. He even updated his Twitter profile to reflect that he has cancer. Stephen has had to deal with a brain tumor for a while though kept it pretty quiet while undergoing surgery and chemotherapy. His attitude, though, attests to the strength in his character: "I may have cancer but cancer ain't got me!"
Want to get involved or keep in touch with the campaign? Visit Sean and Dan Campbell's blog HERE to check out the campaign, Operation Mallory. There are details if it fits for you to get involved (tweet, share on Facebook, do a blog post, etc).
Also available are some giveaways for participation: free novels from various indie authors, including one of my favorite Paul Mallory novels: It's Always Darkest. My review of this great thriller follows below.
'Baldacci's Sean King, move over! Here comes Paul Mallory!'
Take a young sports journalist with an intense dislike of travel and complications, the haunting of an 11-years-ago traumatic sports event and an aversion to bearing any responsibility for others. Dangle before him the one thing that he cannot resist, well, two things: A LOT of money and a news analyst position that is not even close to having a defined job description. Paul Mallory's weakness or, perhaps this is more his strength, is an insatiable sense of curiosity. The result is an electrifying story that is chock full of danger and just too much fun to put down!
Stephen C. Spencer has ingeniously woven an intricate story laced with a blend of captivating characters; even those on the gritty side of life are memorable. Even if women don't fall in love with the protagonist, Paul Mallory, male and female readers alike will be enamored of his sarcastic witticisms, directed mostly at himself; and with his unswerving passion to follow even the most dangerous threads of the story. Mr. Spencer captured well Paul's adult-self thoughts and self-bantering remarks juxtaposed with a boyish flair of innocence. Unlike Paul, I so enjoyed the story's travel itinerary: from Southampton to the main center of the story, St. Petersburg, Russia, and interesting character- and plot-developing hops into Las Vegas, Germany and Greece.
I enjoy reading a novel with an exciting and intriguing plot. My favorite novels, however, are those in which the main character leaps off the page and becomes one who is endearing to me. David Baldacci has Sean King; Alex Berenson, his John Wells; Brian Haig has Sean Drummond; and, David Hosp, his Scott Finn. Stephen C. Spencer's character, Paul Mallory, is now at the top of my list, 'Endearing Characters.' IT'S ALWAYS DARKEST sits in my bookcase, 'Favorite Novels.'


text:
Hey, Gang:
I just had this incredible trailer made for the series! And there's a great little surprise at the end too. Let me know what you think!
Hugs, D
http://www.deidreknightbooks.com/parall ... dband.html
Amazing new trailer for the Parallel Series
Come here to celebrate the publication of Fanatics member Rosdeidre! Learn about her new book series, The Parallel Series. Ask questions about the publication process, the writing process, and anything else that comes to mind!
Moderators: RosDeidre, Forum Moderators
8 posts • Page 1 of 1
- mrsjbehr
- Enthusiastic Roswellian
- Posts: 27
- Joined: Tue Oct 09, 2001 4:58 pm
- Location: New York
- Contact:
Hey, I agree... very cool trailer! And I love the art for the third book!!!!
"All I ever wanted was to be what you needed
Cause something so strong, it could never be wrong.."
Cause something so strong, it could never be wrong.."
I think, that trailer is amazing
Wait for polish editions
Wait for polish editions
Yay! I hopet for a very long time that everything is a good way!!! I hold thumbs
8 posts • Page 1 of 1
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Travel Bulletin's latest Showcase took place on Monday 16th March at the Crowne Plaza in Leeds and on Monday 23rd March, at the Park Inn by Radisson in Cardiff.
Travel agents and leading North American suppliers took part in lively timed networking sessions, enjoyed delicious food and wine with the evening culminating in an amazing free prize draw!
If you would like further information on future events or would like to know more about the Travel Bulletin Event Management Services please email firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
The large circles are meant to represent vinyls/CD's. Basic Grey paper, K&Co "Rock Star" chipboard (which I coloured a tangy orange where it was pink).
Pop over to Dottie's World and see the amazing creations by the DT members (blinkie in side bar).
Thanks for looking and have a lovely Sunday ♥♥


text:
[vc_section][vc_row][vc_column][ultimate_heading main_heading="Important Travel Tips" heading_tag="h4″ spacer="line_with_icon" line_style="dotted" line_height="3″ icon="Defaults-bookmark" icon_size="32″][/ultimate_heading][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]Important travel tip you should know before you get out for East Africa Safaris, Tanzania includes Zanzibar, Kenya and Uganda. All visitors arriving in Tanzania, Kenya or in Uganda. Must possess a valid passport. Citizens of some countries require visas. One should check with their nearest embassy, high commission of East African Countries, i.e. Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.
Information (VISA)
All visitors arriving in Tanzania, Kenya or in Uganda must possess a valid passport. Citizens of some countries require visas. One should check with their nearest embassy, high commission of East African Countries, i.e. Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda.
Personal effects including cameras and film may be imported temporarily without a permit. A customs bond may be demanded from visitors bringing in filming equipment, radios, tape recorders and musical instruments to ensure that the goods are re-exported. Firearms require a special permit.
Tanzania currencies based on shilling. There are no restrictions on the amount of foreign currency that may be brought into Tanzania, and no currency declaration is required. But import and export of Tanzanian currency is illegal. Foreign currency in Cash or Traveler's cheques may be exchanged at banks, authorized dealers and at the bureau de change at the international airports, major towns and border posts.
Tourist cities of East Africa i.e. Dar es Salaam, Arusha, Zanzibar and Moshi in Tanzania and most other principal centers in these countries have banks with a Bureau de Change. Banking hours are from 08:30 hours to 15:00 hours Monday to Friday, also some open 08:30 hours to 11:00 hours on Saturdays.
Medicare Cafe:
Although malaria is generally rare in most highland areas of Africa, it is advisable to take precautions particularly when traveling in the Southern of the Sahara desert countries, the location of East African Countries. Take anti-malaria pills/dose at least 14 days before you get out for Africa. Malaria is endemic so prophylaxis should be taken before and after your visit according to your physician's prescription. Tap water is not safe to drink, pure drinking water is available such as principal hotels and supermarkets.
Our experienced and trained hands picked staff are experts and ready to take you as far as your African travel dream. We work with a team of fluent speaking English, French, and Germany, Spanish, Italian. As the few number of those speaking other language than English is concerned, we highly recommend to be notified on time making your reservations.
Game Viewing:
The best times for game viewing are normally in the early morning or afternoon, as animals tend to hide up during the heat of mid-day
There are laundry facilities at practically all hotels; lodges and safari camps and laundry will often be returned on the same day.
Electricity Supply:
Tanzania use the UK/European standard power supply of 220/240 voltages. If you want to use U.S. appliances you will need a voltage converter as well as a plug converter. However, we do suggest bringing with you battery-operated appliances if possible, though many hotels and lodges have 110 volts socket for electric razors for shavers.
We require that all clients arrange personal travel insurance to cover their medical, property, and other personal risks for the duration of their safaris.
The official languages of Tanzania are Kiswahili and English. Kiswahili is spoken and understood by the great majority of East African. There is a wide usage of and understanding of English language, particularly, in the town centers.
You will find woodcarvings, leather goods, batik, souvenirs, jewelry and precious stones in shops inside most hotels and lodges throughout the countries. Anything you purchase, remember to keep a receipt with you for presentation at customs.
Food & Drinks:
You need to let us know whether you are vegetarian on time of tour confirmation. Generally, the more expensive the hotel or restaurant, the better and safer the food will be. Our food menu range from local to International standard, prepared by well-trained chefs. We provide bottled water for the trips as it is generally recommended to drink only bottled water, which is readily available, everywhere. There are no restrictions on the sale and consumption of alcoholic drinks in East Africa. There are plenty of imported beers, wines and spirits in many places.
It never get really cold in Tanzania, so lightweight clothing is the normal. However in particular Arusha, they experience colder weather in months of June and July. On safari, short sleeve shirts/blouses, and shorts are ideal. A light jacket/sweater may be needed in the evening at higher altitudes. Sensible walking shoes, a hat to keep off the sun, and sunglasses are essential too. But pack a sweater, it can be cold in the evening/morning. If climbing, needless to say, warm clothing is essential.
When one takes a picture of the people, they feel offended. So it is extremely important to ask them before doing so. You can get your driver to ask for you. Plan to bring with you: Two cameras, and their accessories including, batteries, several speeds of film and dust-proof bags.
The recommended ones per day (from the whole group) are: For safaris: -Driver: 15USD, and a cook if camping: 7USD. For Climbing: – Chief guide: 15USD, each assistant guide: 8USD, and each porter: 6USD. Sure, you can pay more if you are particularly impressed and less if you are not.
Most of the following equipment's are needed for your climbing, and some for safaris; and these include: Sleeping tent, mattresses, sleeping bag, water/wind proof jacket, warm jacket, rain clothes, sweater, warm trouser, long warm underwear, climbing boot, walking shoes (hiking), pairs of cotton socks, hiking short, a T-shirt, baseball cap, hat, gloves, water bottle (+3litres), flashlight, small bag, rucksack (for your belongings to be carried by porters), walking sticks, sun glasses, anti-diarrhea drug, anti-altitude drug, water filter/ iodine tablets, watch, camera/camcorder. We provide sleeping tents.
Tanzania is the safe East African country. However, just as any other country, you have to be cautious of your surroundings. Avoid wearing expensive jewelry, walking in the dark, deserted lanes and streets. Keep an eye on your purses, wallets, handbags, and cameras. Never accept food or drinks from strangers. Hotels have security for visitors, which you can make use of[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][/vc_section]


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What is Planning?
Planning today is a diverse, multi-disciplinary professional field that includes traditional land-use and municipal planning, but also encompasses many other areas of practice, which include:
- General land-use & development
- Long term land-use planning
- Regional planning
- Residential & commercial planning & development
- Urban design
- Facilities & infrastructure planning
- Transportation planning
- Social & policy planning
- Housing planning & policy
- Heritage planning & policy
- Environmental planning
- Parks & recreation planning
- Resource management planning
- Economic development
- And others
Definition of Planning:
The profession's traditional, technical definition of 'planning' is as follows:
'Planning' means the planning of the scientific, aesthetic and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
Elements of Planning:
Good professional planning is forward thinking, comprehensive, informed, collaborative and inclusive. Contemporary planning is very much a process, which involves many elements and stages, considering and bringing together people, communities and the environment – leading to desired results. Sustainability – the balancing of long-term social, economic, and environmental sustainability – has been integrated as a key principle in contemporary planning practice.
Professional planners rely on many diverse skills and abilities in the undertaking of their work. These include:
Taking a holistic approach – the ability to look at the 'big picture' and consider the whole.
Research – the ability to gather and analyse all relevant information.
Process – the ability to employ communication, consultation & good planning process.
Implementation – the ability to facilitate moving forward with the implementation of plans.
Monitoring Results – the ability to monitor and review the results and outcomes of the implementation of plans.
Innovation – the ability to learn, understand, and evolve.
For more information in this section, please follow the links below:


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Other than popping up in cornrows the other day (having lost a bet), we haven't heard much from injured Jets quarterback Mark Sanchez.
And when he talked to reporters Tuesday, he said stuff that we're not sure anyone really believes.
"I don't want to go anywhere else," Sanchez said, via Darryl Slater of the Newark Star-Ledger. "I plan on being here. That's all I'm thinking about, is coming back next year, leading this team and playing well. We'll see what happens."
Of course, his contract makes that highly unlikely, and everyone realizes that. But as he could be entering the job market soon, there's no point in ruffling feathers and appearing to be a malcontent.
His old job was given to rookie Geno Smith, and though Smith is apparently trying to play his way out of it, it's hard to imagine them going back to Sanchez now.
As to his physical condition, Sanchez said he's coming along well.
He's eight weeks out from surgery on his right shoulder to repair a torn labrum. While there's no rush to get back, he said he feels like he's ahead of the four- to six-month recovery period.
"It's been awesome," Sanchez said. "Things are going really well. I'm progressing exactly the way they wanted. Haven't had any hiccups and I'll be back better than ever."
Of his arm strength, he said: "The way things are coming along, it sounds like I'll be bionic."
Of course, Sanchez also has a vested interest in saying so, since potential future employers will be curious.
Unless, of course, he's still a Jet.
Which no one believes.


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Whether you need a website to showcase your business portfolio or services, your club or organisation, or a way for clients to contact you, we can design a website that fits your needs and that builds your web presence.
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To effectively run a small business and gain an edge over your competitors, you need a welcoming, eye-catching, and informative website that sits at the forefront of your identity. A place that gives a consumer everything they need to know and shows them exactly where to find it. A place to give your business 24 hours a day and 7 days a week to interact with customers, allowing them to gather information and place orders well outside of actual opening hours. A place that allows your business to break through the 'local' barrier, allowing you to reach out to any potential customer regardless of how far away they may be.
With the help of Infinite Apps, you can ensure that your business gets the edge over competitors with a tailor-made website designed from the ground up with you and your customers in mind.
We also offer Mobile and Web Applications (Apps) for all devices and Branding Design (logos, business cards, etc.).
Call or send us a message, and we'll let you know how we can help as soon as we can!


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It's newly tested OK to program new remote keys for 2016 Mazda 6 Atenza all key lost by using OBDSTAR F100 Ford/Mazda key programmer! This blog will show you step by step.
Step1. Start OBDSTAR F100 and choose "Immobilizer" to "Mazda V30.15" to "Atenza" to "With Smart".
Choose "Switch ignition on" and keep all remote keys at least 1 meter away from the car. Press the Enter button to go on.
Step2. Press and hold car Start button for 10 seconds until Start button indicator turn green to red. And now console will turn on. Press the Enter button.
Step3. Choose "All smart keys lost"
OBDSTAR F100 will remind you all smart key will be erased and the minimum key number should be 2. Press the Enter button to continue.
Turn ignition on and it will show the current key number is 2. Press the Enter button then it is reading vehicle information.
Step4. It will ask you: "Ignition switch status is open?" No so press ENT button.
Press and hold car Start button for 10 seconds until its indicator turn green to red. Then press car Start button again, the console will turn on.
Press Enter button and system is configuring. After that the current key number will turn to 0. Erase all remote key done! Switch ignition off.
Step5. Switch ignition on. Use a new remote key to contact car Start button then the indicator turn red. Press Enter button and wait.
Now OBDSTAR F-100 programs the first Mazda 6 Atenza new remote key successfully. Current key number is 1.
OK. Now OBDSTAR F-100 Ford/Mazda Auto Key Programmer successfully make two new remote keys for Mazda 6 2016 all key lost. It totally costs you 5 minutes only!
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OBDSTAR founded in 2007 and it's a professional high-tech enterprise which is engaged in researching &developing,producing ,selling automotive diagnostic equipment. UOBDII provide all kinds of OBDSTAR products include:obdstar x300 dp,obdstar x300m,obdstar x100 pro....
Monday, February 6, 2017
OBDSTAR F100 program new key for 2016 Mazda 6 all key lost
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Posted on April 22nd, 2016
Archived in 2. Videos
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Single Turbo Mustang Takes FLIGHT!!
Big Chief Shakedown at American Outlaws LIVE!!
Drive Bobby Stevenson walked away unharmed from this wreck in 2015 and came back 2 hours later to wheel another car down the track!
Copyright © 2019 Free Life Films. Icons by Wefunction. MemePix


text: August 11, 2018 Haldane, J B S Tagged: Author (1892-1964) UK biologist and author, brother of Naomi Mitchison, married to Charlotte Haldane (1926-1945); in active service in World War One, beginning 1914; an Indian citizen from 1961. His work in population genetics, and his sophistications of the theory of Evolution to properly incorporate Mendelian genetics, were of contemporary significance (see Biology). He wrote relatively little fiction. My Friend Mr Leakey (coll of linked stories 1937) is a book of light-hearted fantasies for children, with no sf element, though the eponymous magus-like Communist scientist at the heart of the tales has his eye on a better future. Haldane's only sf proper is an incomplete and posthumously published Scientific Romance, The Man with Two Memories (1976), about a man's Telepathic link with an Alien of the planet Ulro, which he describes as a Utopia in which Drugs are used to control human behaviour, and most new births are Clones bred for quality. Haldane is probably best remembered for his bold speculative essays, which heavily influenced significant works by other writers. Dedalus; Or, Science and the Future (1923 chap), which espoused Eugenics and inspired the long-running series of To-day and To-morrow texts, is a classic anticipation of Genetic Engineering, and provided the image of the future sarcastically extrapolated by Aldous Huxley in Brave New World (1932). In Callinicus: A Defence of Chemical Warfare (1925), in the same series, he argues that Poison gas is no more or less horrific than any other weapon of mass destruction. The semifictional "The Last Judgment", in Possible Worlds and Other Essays (coll 1927), sets out an Evolutionary prospectus for the human race which was extensively elaborated by Olaf Stapledon in Last and First Men (1930). Haldane's wife from 1926 to 1945, Charlotte Haldane's Man's World (1926) explicitly draws not only on his arguments, but on Bertrand Russell's riposte, Icarus; Or, the Future of Science (1924 chap)."On Being the Right Size", also from Possible Worlds and Other Essays, discusses recurring problems of scale in sf (see Great and Small), such as giants who are ten times human size but with – unworkably – the same proportions. Some further pieces in A Banned Broadcast and Other Essays (coll 1946) – assembling short science articles mostly written for the communist newspaper The Daily Worker – are of sf interest, including a debunking of World War Two rumours of Death Rays. [BS/DRL]see also: Anthropology; Children's SF; Colonization of Other Worlds; Dystopias; End of the World; Far Future; Futures Studies; Sun; Venus.John Burdon Sanderson Haldaneborn Oxford, Oxfordshire: 5 November 1892died Bhubaneswar, India: 1 December 1964works My Friend Mr Leakey (London: The Cresset Press, 1937) [coll of linked stories: illus/hb/Leonard H Rosoman] The Man with Two Memories (London: The Merlin Press, 1976) [hb/Richard Weaver]nonfiction (selected) Daedalus; Or, Science and the Future (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Company, 1923) [nonfiction: chap: in the publisher's To-day and To-morrow series: hb/nonpictorial] Callinicus: A Defence of Chemical Warfare (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Company, 1925) [nonfiction: chap: in the publisher's To-day and To-morrow series: hb/nonpictorial] Possible Worlds and Other Essays (London: Chatto and Windus, 1927) [nonfiction: coll: hb/nonpictorial] A Banned Broadcast and Other Essays (London: Chatto and Windus, 1946) [nonfiction: coll: hb/nonpictorial]about the author Ronald W Clark. J.B.S.: The Life and Work of J.B.S. Haldane (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1968) [nonfiction: hb/nonpictorial]links Internet Speculative Fiction Database Picture Gallery Previous versions of this entry 20/12/2005 20/12/2011 04/03/2012 10/03/2012 16/03/2012 18/07/2012 24/07/2012 21/08/2012 24/09/2012 27/05/2013 10/08/2013 20/10/2013 29/05/2014 05/07/2014 14/09/2014 22/10/2014 09/04/2015 25/06/2015 25/08/2015 21/09/2016 19/01/2017 24/02/2017 04/04/2017 25/05/2018 28/05/2018 05/07/2018


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After a few delays, new directional and winery identifying signs are being erected throughout the Yakima Valley. Recognizing the need to improve, update and unify directional signs to wineries, the Yakima County Development Association (New Vision) has led a project with various partners to replace and update existing directional signs.
The project is funded through Yakima County's Supporting Investments in Economic Diversification (SIED) Board.
"These new signs will greatly help visitors and residents better find the wineries," said John Cooper of the Yakima Valley Visitors and Convention Bureau. "Directional signs are crucial to the success of our wineries." Project partners included New Vision, Yakima County, Yakima Valley Visitors and Convention Bureau with the feedback and support of the wineries in Yakima Valley.
The wine industry plays an important role in Yakima County's economy. According to a 2012 study commissioned by the Washington Wine Commission there are 3,149 folks employed in the wine industry in Yakima County, generates more than $526 million annually to the local economy and produces $44 million in state and local taxes.


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Muffulettas Recipe
Mardi Gras Recipes from Razzle Dazzle Recipes
1 9 3/4-ounce jar green olive salad, drained and chopped
1/4 cup pitted black olives, chopped
1 large celery stalk, finely chopped
1 1/5 teaspoons TABASCO brand Pepper Sauce, divided
1 8-inch round loaf crusty French or sourdough bread
3 tablespoons olive oil
1/4 pound sliced salami
1/4 pound sliced baked ham
1/4 pound sliced provolone cheese
In medium bowl, combine green olive salad, black olives, celery and
1 teaspoon TABASCO® brand Pepper Sauce. Cut bread crosswise in half;
remove some of soft inside from each half. In small bowl, combine
olive oil and remaining 1/2 teaspoon TABASCO® brand Pepper Sauce.
Brush mixture on inside of bread. Fill bottom with olive mixture.
Top with salami, ham and provolone slices. Top with remaining bread
half. Cut loaf into quarters.
Makes 4 to 6 servings.
Nutritional information per serving: 583 Calories, 25 g protein, 38
g fat, 35 g carbohydrates, 2980 mg sodium, 57 mg cholesterol


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Derek Beaumont has thanked the Leigh fans for showing faith in the team by snapping up season tickets and replica shirts for the new season.
Writing in his exclusive Leigh Observer column, Leigh's head of rugby Beaumont also called on businesses to get involved in helping to make the club a community hub.
He said: "We need the support of our town, its people and the business community to make this sustainable and to deliver a club that will consistently perform at the higher end of the competition, where it can be self-sufficient and become the hub for family fun and the focal point that puts Leigh on the country's map.
"All of this is only worthwhile with the support of the fans and I would like to thank them for the amazing support and the continued growth through their spreading of the word to friends and families.
"We have sold more season tickets than last year with 1,402 against 1,397, but importantly last year's figure included the free 500 children's tickets we gave away at schools so that is a really positive sign with more than three weeks left for people to take advantage of purchasing one.
"Similarly we have seen a significant increase in sales of merchandise and in particular replica shirts. Every aspect of the club is growing consistently in the right direction."
Leigh have two preseason friendlies scheduled; against Wigan on Sunday then at Warrington on January 24.
"I am really looking forward to the 2016 season," said Beaumont. "In many ways that starts this weekend with the eagerly anticipated battle of the borough.
"Shaun Wane is bringing a strong side and as stated we only have a small squad, so while early in the piece for both camps, it will again be a good indicator of where we currently are.
"The gate is a shared gate so I would urge as many Wigan fans as possible to also make the trip to benefit their own club.
"The game will see us pay tribute with a minute's applause to the late Tommy Sale MBE and a vociferous crowd to cheer on the lads would be a fitting tribute to Tommy. The game will again see the Man of the Match chosen by a member of the Thomas family to receive the Arthur Thomas memorial trophy presented after the game. I have no doubt Arthur would have been one of the first to meet Tommy up above, and if they can have a hand of fate in our season I know we can count on them to guide us through."


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Why YOU should share your data:
The Watershed Alliance wants to provide a platform for your student citizen scientists to share the data they collected in our Stream Monitoring and Stewardship Program to the general public. By uploading your data in a Data Monitoring Report, you and your students are informing the greater Lake Champlain Basin community about the health of their watershed! Below we have created video tutorials to guide you through how to access your account, create a monitoring report, and upload your data:
Video Tutorials:
Video 1 Tutorial for Data Reporting: General Info
Video 2 Tutorial for Data Reporting: Physical Assessment
Video 3 Tutorial for Data Reporting: Biotic Assessment
Video 4 Tutorial for Data Reporting: Chemical Assessment


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3/6/13: Meet Simon, a four month old puppy, we took to GVS with a liver problem. He is not doing well, undergoing evaluation right now. Hoping we can save him. Please keep him in your thoughts and prayers. He is critically ill. Simon had been previously evaluated (by his breeder) with blood work and was thought to have a liver shunt. No other work up was performed. After finding out how expensive surgical repair would be, she contacted rescue. In the last 12 hours his condition deteriorated considerably and when he was picked up today, he was taken directly to GVS. We have gotten the worst possible news regarding his condition. Ultrasound demonstrated that he has multiple internal liver shunts. There is no surgical correction for this condition; complicating his case is that he has developed a condition called Portal hypertension (blood pressure is too high running through the liver), probably stealing blood from his intestines. There is a chance that if we got the hypertension under control, we could medically manage his liver shunts, but prognosis is poor. We have decided to begin treatment tonight to get him comfortable and reassess his response in the morning. His condition at this point is grave, but we have to at least try to give him a chance. I have asked GVS to not use extraordinary means to keep him alive during the night if God should call him to the bridge. Thank you Valerie, Cheryl and Bonnie for getting this sweet boy to safety. Thank you Cheryl for making the decision to get him to GVS ASAP. Stephanie was only able to spend a short time with him this evening for some heavy duty cuddling!! He had to get back on his IV fluids. On an up note, the tech's did report that he ate dinner this evening. We'll take that
Update 3/7/13 am: Just spoke with GVS. Our boy is doing much better this morning. Ate well and went potty this morning. A bit more alert as well. Hoping we can bring him home soon. (possibly tomorrow). He is on special food, lactulose and now metronidazole. We'll be starting him on Milk Thistle as well when he gets home.
Update 3/7/13 pm: Simon is doing very well today; he looks perfect on the outside but has a terrible problem in his liver. Liver shunts can be treated with surgery if they are external. Internal liver shunts can now also be treated but there is no surgical treatment for multiple internal liver shunts; this is the condition effecting Simon. This condition is medically treatable for a short time but ultimately will lead to his death (in months). We can only pray that between now and that awful day a new technique will become available to save this baby's life.
Update 3/8/13: Simon was able to leave GVS to go to his foster home. He scheduled to visit UGA on the 19th. We will be met by the internal medicine vet, a radiologist and the surgeon. He will undergo another ultrasound first, then possibly more specific radiographic tests to assess the extent of the shunts. If something can be done, and he is stable at that time, we will proceed with whatever treatment is deemed necessary, or we will make arrangements to take him to wherever he needs to go for more cutting edge treatment. If he should become sick before that date he will be admitted immediately, stabilized and the work up performed. Thanks to some wonderful supporters of GEBR, there have been phone calls made all over the US today, consults obtained from many (even one from the top of a ski slope in Utah) all concluded that we needed more information before any final decisions or prognosis was made.
Update 3/12/13: Our sick little baby boy is a SPITFIRE. We were proud of the progress he made after 24 hours at GVS, but he's doing even better now. Barking, whining, demanding attention, playing and then (to everyone's delight) sleeping peacefully.
Update 3/20/13: Simon has been at UGA since yesterday and underwent another ultrasound, along with a CT scan today. Things are looking promising from an x-ray standpoint but there appears to be some type of underlying liver disease, the extent of which is still up in the air. There will be a meeting of the minds tomorrow to discuss all the findings and make recommendations. Will possibly need a liver biopsy before we will know for sure that he can undergo any procedures to correct the shunt.
Update 3/21/13: Simon is a candidate for Percutaneous transvenous coil embolization of portosystemic shunts. He will have to wait until he is six months old to have the surgery. He will be going to NYC to have the surgery. Here's the article about the procedure that Simon will be having. It was also written by the vets who will be doing the procedure. Copy and paste this link into your browser http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=754712&sk&date&pageID=2
Update 3/23/13: Simon got his Bully Blanket this past weekend! He is doing great! He is responding well to the medicines and getting stronger each day. We were originally told that he had an internal shunt with portal hypertension and multiple acquired shunts in the left abdomen. They said he was not a candidate for a coil. Basically told to feed him the protein free food and take the multiple medication until he began to fail. Only treatment was medical. After an extensive work up at UGA he has only an internal shunt. No portal hypertension and no acquired shunts so he is a candidate for the coil procedure. All vets at UGA and in NY agree that he is the perfect candidate for the procedure. He and Stepany will travel to NYC in early May so that he can have the surgery.
Update 5/16/13: Simon had his surgery in NYC on Wednesday and has made his way back to GA and is now at his new foster home. He had 12 coils put into the shunt that will hopefully close it off over the next month. He will have blood work done in a month so Dr Weiss can evaluate the success of the coils. Until then he will remain on all of his meds and prescription food. If his blood work looks good then we will begin the wean him off one of his meds. If he does well with this then we will wean him off the other. If he continues to do well we will transition him from prescription food to Taste of the Wild. Once he has grown and gained weight he will be neutered. But if his blood work does not come back normal we will come up with a new plan. He may have to have additional coils added or remain on meds. For now he is enjoying life and growing bigger and stronger each day.
Below is an outline of Simons Road Trip. Please visit "Simons Road Trip" album on our Facebook page to see more photos of his trip. I picked up Simon from his foster home in Conyers on Monday evening. He and Amanda spent the night at my house and we got on the road at 6.30am on Tuesday. Around 8pm that night we arrived at my mothers in PA. The weather was bad so the trip took longer than expected. Simon did great for the entire ride! The next morning we left PA at 6am and drove to NY for Simon's 9.30am appt. After meeting with Dr Weisse and Dr Nunley it was decided that Simon would have surgery later that day. Of course the rain followed us to NY but Amanda and I had our GEBR umbrellas to keep us dry! Simon had surgery around and 2.30pm and was then moved to ICU for the night. He did great overnight and was moved out of ICA around 10am on Thursday. We were able to visit him then! He had some diarrhea and was a little out of it when we got there so Dr Weisse suggested we take him outside for some fresh air. The fresh air helped and by the time we got back into the hospital room he was crawling all over us and chewing our fingers. He spent Thursday night at the hospital and was released around noon on Friday. Our friend Michelle who lives in NY came to the hospital to meet Simon. Then we got back in Wally Wagon and drove to my mothers in PA. We spend the evening there then got on the road the next day around 11am and drove to our friends house in NC. Simon enjoyed meeting Cristi, Roger, Hershey, Deuce and Yogi. He had another great night. The following afternoon we headed back to GA. I took Simon to his new foster home where he met his new bullie foster sister Georgia and his foster parents Michelle and Brian. He has settled in nicely and is enjoying his new life. It was a long week but worth it! Dr Weisse, Dr Nunley and the entire staff that we met at The Animal Medical Center were fantastic. They made us feel comfortable with everything and they took great care of Simon. I'm told he spent most of his stay at the hospital in people's arms and not in a crate. Thank you Donna Gastinger (my mom) and the Satterfield's for allowing us to stay with you. When I originally made plans to do this trip I was planning to do it alone. I have done the drive to PA alone many times and it does get kind of boring! When Amanda offered to come along I was thrilled; it made the drive and caring for Simon a lot easier. So thank you Amanda for coming with me. And to everyone that has donated to Simon's care appreciate all of you for making this possible. And of course to our friend "Big Papa" for looking out for Simon, for donating to his care and for negotiating a rescue discount on our behalf. ~ Stephanie
Update 5/25/13: Simon went to see Dr Ross for a check up and to get his shots. He has gained two pounds and is doing great. He goes back in two weeks for a complete blood count and chemistry panel.
Update 6/17/13: Simons blood work came back and we are able to wean him off his meds and his prescription food. We will monitor his closely for change during this process and if he has a bad reaction we will consult with Dr Weisse. This will take four weeks and then he will has his blood work checked again four weeks after he is off all meds and on regular food. At that point we can discuss neutering him.
Update 7/12/13: Simon is off both of his meds a d prescription food! So far so good! If he continues to do well he will have a recheck of his bloodwork in four weeks. If it looks good then we can move forward with neuter.
Update 8/20/13: Simon has been neutered. We are waiting on results from another blood test then he will be adopted by his foster parents.
Update 9/29/13: It has been a long 7 months for Simon but he has finally been cleared for adoption! His foster parents singed the paperwork last night and made it official. Congrats Simon, Michelle, Brian and Georgia Belle!
August 10, 2017 – Simon crossed the rainbow bridge unexpectedly in his sleep. Please keep his family in your thoughts. Rest in peace Simon.
Guardian Angels:
R Williams
D & B Howell
G & J Bethenod
S & L Karp
Bully Blanket
K & P Craft
D Baker
D Weiss
Baillargeon Family
S Chandler
T Aucoin & T Transou
R Harris
D & B Howell
W Stewart
T Helms and J Iannini
T McMillan
J Berkwitt
R Harris
P Kasparek
N Jabbar
K Pope
C Berman
P Ferell
L Aldridge
M Patrick
P Hochuil
R Stites
J Howard
M Snyder
T Helms and J Iannini
W Olnhausen
J Ellis
T Barker
J Ellis Carver
A Castella
S & H Tanner
C Kubik
Thriving Heart Counseling & Consulting
A Rawl
S Kyle
C & T DeMars
H Dickinson
J Menzoian
Y Burton
We would like to thank the following people for being a part of the auctions held to raise money for Simon's surgery.
Moor Lutz for creating and donating the canvas photo of Simon and Lucie Kanikova for placing the winning bid of $150
Roger and Cristi Satterfield for donating the Bulldog DogKnocker and Ron and Sonja Rice for placing the winning bid of $300
Huey and Anne Wheeler for creating and donating the Bulldog face jug and to Anne Nelson for placing the winning bid of $500
click photos to enlarge


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Link up with Ashley here.
Thursday, March 21, 2013
Friday's Letters....The Microtrim, Purse Dog Puppies & a Unicorn Onesie
Link up with Ashley here.
19 comments:
- Whitney said...
I want that unicorn onesie!
- March 22, 2013 at 1:58 AM
- Brianna said...
I'm with ya about only following "reliable sources" when it comes to my celebrity gossip. Although, I would be ECSTATIC to hear that Liam finally saw the light... I mean, c'mon. And I'm COMPLETELY jealous you're seeing T Swizzle. you'll have so much fun!!!
- March 22, 2013 at 2:35 AM
- P!nky said...
SUCH a cute puppers!
Oh bad stylists, those are the worst!
- March 22, 2013 at 8:01 AM
- Heidi said...
I think hairstylist should charge per how much hair they cut off. I just got mine trimmed, barely even trimmed too, when it was time for payment the lady said very unsure to the receptionist "ummm... how about 60?" and then shrugged her shoulders.
I was so mad. 60?? I know I'm in Miami and not Oklahoma, but COME ON. AND then she called me 2 days later to see if I could babysit her kid. Noooo way lady, she probably pays "ummmm.... 6 dollars?"
- March 22, 2013 at 9:14 AM
- Jen said...
gotta love those $60 microtrims. Really, what are they even thinking??
and oh my gosh have so much fun at Taylor Swift!!!!
- March 22, 2013 at 9:46 AM
- meghan said...
Enjoy the Taylor Swift concert. I'm a sucker for "22" and "I knew you were trouble". And dear God I hate grocery shopping.
- March 22, 2013 at 10:45 AM
- Allison Boutwell said...
Taylor Swift is SO much fun in concert. I went a few years back and I loved it. HA!
I hate stylists that charge a crazy amount for trims. I think they should charge by the amount of hair they actually cut and the time that's put into it.
- March 22, 2013 at 11:40 AM
- Shawna said...
EBAY! thats where you can find a unicorn onesie :)
and E! is completly reliable!
- March 22, 2013 at 11:58 AM
- Katie Did What said...
Ahhhhh TSWIFT!!! So jellyyyy! Have so much fun, girl! I mean, duh, you will.
- March 22, 2013 at 12:01 PM
- Alex said...
Have fun at T-Swift!!!!!! And seriously...that unicorn onesy. I have to admit I'm equal parts intrigued and horrified by it.
- March 22, 2013 at 2:16 PM
- Krysten @ Why Girls Are Weird said...
I am MAJOR jealous that you're seeing Taylor Swift this weekend!
- March 22, 2013 at 4:57 PM
- J and A said...
Have fun with Taylor!!! SO jealous!
- March 22, 2013 at 4:59 PM
- Sara Louise said...
I'm still waiting for the day that Liam stops drinking the Kool-Aid and moves on.
- March 23, 2013 at 1:39 AM
- Ashley said...
You neeeeeed that Unicorn onesie, most definitely.
- March 23, 2013 at 4:15 PM
- allthatsgoldglitters.blogspot.com said...
Saw Taylor this weekend as well! AMAZING show!! I had to drink peppermint tea when I got home because my throat hurt - ha! Hope you got some great pics!
- March 23, 2013 at 10:06 PM
- Katie said...
unicorn onsie! so funny!
- March 24, 2013 at 8:31 PM
- Meghan Silva said...
I literally laughed and laughed the entire time while reading this post .
xo Meg<3
- March 25, 2013 at 8:12 PM
- Meg {henninglove} said...
two rules about puppies dont stop and look dont ever just go to look no one ever goes to just look at puppies that is how my husband and i ended up with two
- March 25, 2013 at 9:12 PM
- Meg {henninglove} said...
oops ok so that is just one rule :-)
- March 25, 2013 at 9:12 PM