text: Dear Colleagues May I kindly ask you to forward this e-mail to your students? Applications are still now open until April, 30 2017. Thank you very much! Kind regards Jan vom Brocke --- 20th HILTI FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM / CALL FOR APPLICATIONS http://www.uni.li/hilti-fellowship STUDENTS: Spend Your Winter Term 2017/18 Abroad – Apply now for the Hilti Fellowship Program Application Deadline: April 30, 2017 Hilti awards the most talented Master students in Information Systems, IT, and Management from Europe with a truly unique fellowship program: The Hilti Fellowship is a combination of practical training at Hilti and academic learning at the University of Liechtenstein, designed to set the cornerstone for a successful future. As such, it combines a stay abroad with a challenging work experience, and the possibility to continue and deepen your Master studies at the same time: 1 - GO ABROAD You are invited to come to the Principality of Liechtenstein and spend five months in the beautiful alpine region of the Rhine Valley for both project work at Hilti and your Master studies at the University. 2 - ENTER AN INTERNSHIP Hilti offers you the possibility to be part of an international project team in the field of global IT, Business Process Management and Data Science. 3 - CONTINUE YOUR MASTER STUDIES You will be appointed for a position in the international Master program in Information Systems at the University of Liechtenstein allowing you to continue your studies. You may want to choose writing your master thesis in the field of your Hilti project. Students from various backgrounds have already taken part in the program, which is now being organized for the 20th time in a row, including students from the University of Muenster, the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, the University of Koblenz-Landau, the LUISS University in Rome, the University of Turku, and the University of Verona. The selection follows a competitive review and assessment process. The program also addresses students who will finish their Bachelor studies in the near future and plan to enter an international Master program the next summer term. Also PhD students have already been awarded within the program. FACTS - Donation: 13.000 CHF per student per semester - Applicant profile: Master students in Information Systems, IT, and Management; Bachelor students in their last year; PhD students - Term: Winter 2017/18; September 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018; Application due: April 30, 2017. DETAILS http://www.uni.li/hilti-fellowship ABOUT THE MASTER PROGRAM The Master of Science in Information Systems at the University of Liechtenstein is unique program with majors in Business Process Management and Data Science. With its strong focus on digital innovation, attractive tuition fees, rigorous scientific training, and excellent career opportunities, the program attracts an international student body from around the world. Scholarships are available for exceptional applicants. Also see: www.uni.li/master-information-systems ABOUT THE UNIVERSITY The University of Liechtenstein is a state university according to Swiss standards. With over 50 years of tradition the institution has established excellent relations to industry. The IS department is home to more than 30 IS researchers including 6 professors and renowned international visiting staff. Members of the institute have published in international top journals including EJIS, ISJ, JAIS, JIT, JMIS, and MISQ. Also see: www.uni.li/is ABOUT LIECHTENSTEIN Liechtenstein is a prosperous economic area in the heart of Europe. The micro state is home to people from over 100 nationalities, and the country has one of the highest gross domestic products per capita worldwide. It has a diversified economy focusing on both product and service innovation. You will find headquarters from world leading international companies as well as a lively scene of start-up companies. Also see: www.liechtenstein.li CONTACT Please feel free to contact me on any related questions (jan.vom.brocke at uni.li). Professor Dr. Jan vom Brocke Hilti Chair of Business Process Management Director of the Institute of Information Systems University of Liechtenstein www.uni.li/is


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Are you on the naughty or nice list? I'm probably on the naughty list I'm so behind!
My card today uses Stampin' Up!'s Santa's List. Less is More is looking for some sparkle this week.
I started with this fab image of Santa and stamped him in Sahara Sand on Whisper White die cut with the Top Note Bigz Die. He was coloured in with a Real Red Stampin' Write Marker and then for the sparkle I added Cherry Cobbler Dazzling Details. Here's a close up of the sparkle.
I added the sentiment in Cherry Cobbler from the same stamp set and attached the panel with Dimensionals to a Whisper White base card.
We had our family Christmas get together where we exchange our gifts. This is a lot earlier than usual but boy did it get me organised! Now just to get everything else back on track. So I'm off to try and get on the nice list but getting through my To Do list.
How are you getting on?
Supplies Used
All Stampin' Up!
Card - Whisper White
Ink - Sahara Sand, Cherry Cobbler
Stamp - Santa's List
Bigz - Top Note
Stampin' Write Marker - Real Red
Other - Cherry Cobbler Dazzling Details, Dimensionals
If you would like to order any of the above or the other supplies from the current catalogues then please get in touch either by e mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call 07827923123. I would be delighted to help you with your crafty projects. A parcel of lovely goodies could be winging it's way direct to your home in the UK, Deutchsland, France, Nederland or Osterreich.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
From MediaWiki
For guidelines on the editing of minutes, please see the page on the responsibilities of the recorder.
other meetings this year
Tuesday, 22 September 2009, Residents' Meeting
|<--previous residents meeting
|next residents meeting-->
Present: Carol Wagner, Jan Steinman, Shannon Cowan, Dennis Lucarelli, Susie Anne Bartsch, Morris Lamrock, James Cowan
- Meeting called to order: 09:45 am
- All Check-in
- Agenda approved
- To do list - not reviewed
- September Rez meeting minutes Approved
- Discussion of email communication guidelines Dennis has shrunken his wagnell and all have AGREED to adopt it.
- Labour policy discussion re: non-member residents
- suggestions to:
- subtract 1 hour for each day away.
- minimum 10 hour requirement for being gone a portion of any month
- combination of the two above with a minimum of 10 hours (example: 15 days away in 30 = 15 hours due)
- a request for a brainstorm session regarding the payment of $15 per hour for hours not worked.
- ACTION: Dennis Lucarelli will rewrite labour policy on discussion page. (Dennis Lucarelli)
- suggestions to:
- Gates - All gates and doors need to be secured at all times for safety and to keep them from being damaged by wind.
- Discuss mid-term guest in Yellow House. Michael Bushby is requesting residence for an undertermined amount of time with a 30 day leave notice.
- PDC recap
|What Worked
|What Could Improve
|group work
|confusion on who was lead
|we shined
|take more initiative in planning with offsite lead
|work party "point" person worked well
|what does "point" mean?
|people "do" what they see needs doing
|space/time for hanging more
|richness of education
|give participants a map at beginning
|food was appreciated
|timing unfortunate in that it coincided with other events on island
|edge tour by Brandon Bauer
|job satisfaction
|light presentations after dinner
|time made for meal prep the way we believe
|more interactive presentations after lunch
|set-up was efficient
|cleanup refinement
|time of year ideal for L.O.'s (Harvest time)
|more festivals
|not just PDC
|field camp and classroom
- Visitor lodging in yellow house - discussion - open to further discussion.
- Arrivals/Departures:
- Brenden away this Tuesday evening and all day Wednesday
- Dennis away 24-30 September.
- Vince and Donna coming sometime in the next 2 weeks.
- Shannon away 4-5 October.
- Facilitator for next Quarter will be James and Recorder will be Jan.
- Checkout 10:55
- Next meeting: 9:30am Tuesday, 29 September, Yellow House, facilitator Shannon, recorder will be Carol.
Respectfully submitted Carol 21:24, 22 Sep 2009 (UTC)
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text: The race to fill the power vacuum created by Oprah Winfrey has just ended for one silvery thoroughbred, as Anderson Cooper's syndicated daytime talk show Anderson will not be returning for a third season. Cooper's attempt to follow in his hero Phil Donahue's footsteps has consistently underperformed since its debut—much like similar talk shows starring Katie Couric, Jeff Probst, and Ricki Lake have also disappointed executives, and those who live the sort of lives where they're around to watch talk shows in the afternoon. In Cooper's case, he can at least be commended for bringing some of the same willingness to be bluntly honest that he continues to display on CNN, making headlines (if not nabbing viewers) for eviscerating Star Jones after she accused him of coming out just for ratings, and—as in the clip below (via UPROXX)—never hesitating to tell a dreadful person she's dreadful, such as this dreadful mom who insists on getting her 15-year-old daughter plastic surgery. You won't see Steve Harvey doing that, is all we're saying.


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Maybe it's these bitter freezing temperatures in Charlotte that have me contemplating California living, but as of late Spanish Revival homes have been heavy on my mind. Although Spanish Revival homes are among my favorite types of architecture, you do not see them in these parts of town. Because of the materials used on them and their layout, Spanish Revival homes are found mostly in California and Florida.
Derived from the Mediterranean, Spanish Revival homes were first introduced to the United States via the Panama California Exposition in 1915. These gorgeous homes have a very distinct look; you will quickly notice their red barrel terracotta roofs, white stucco facade, Moorish windows, and more often than not, courtyards. We have all seen them and we have all oohed and aahed in their presence. You have oohed and aahed right or is it just me?
Unfortunately, you either have a Spanish revival home (which I do not boo) or you don't. There isn't much we can do to mimic the Spanish revival style on the outside, but for our purposes I am far more interested in what's going on inside a Spanish revival home than outside.
As a designer, I cannot actually recommend that you introduce Spanish Revival elements into a home that already has its own relevant décor such as a Queen Anne home, a Mid-Century home or an Arts and Crafts home. My designer buddies (especially preservationists) would have my head for that. But for anyone who has a home that doesn't have any distinct architecture (like my cookie cutter home), you can certainly borrow elements from the Spanish revival style. In fact many of us already do.
Cement Tiles
You may remember that a month ago, I wrote a blog (hyperlink included in case you didn't haha) specifically about our American obsession with cement tiles. Given the fact that cement tiles originate from Catalonia, Spain, it makes total sense that these tiles would be rampant in Spanish Revival homes. Whether as a backsplash behind a range or on stair risers, cement tiles can be found in almost any authentic Spanish Revival home.
Arcades are an incredible feature in Spanish revival homes that would not only be difficult to duplicate but that would also be inefficient in cold places. Still, that doesn't mean that you can't get in on the action. If you just happen to be building a custom home (you lucky dog you), get your Spanish Revival on by considering arched openings or doorways instead of linear ones. I personally have several arched entryways in my home and I absolutely love them.
Dark Wood Everything
To brighten things up in a home, designers often resort to painting all the molding and trim white, but that is not the case with the Spanish Revival style. These homes tend to be characterized by dark stained wooden doors, trusses and beams. I lived in a home that had this type of stained wood molding and trim everywhere and my family opted to leave it intact. It almost felt like a cardinal sin to even consider painting over intricately stained wood molding. Unlike in the photo above, Spanish Revival stucco walls are usually painted in all white; it keeps things from getting too dark in there.
Wrought Iron
All of the materials used in Spanish Revival homes are stunning, but wrought iron is one of those features that most of us would sign up for immediately. Wrought iron stair railings are a common find in these homes and for good reason – it looks beautiful!
Spanish Revival homes are not only beautiful on the outside, but they are just as beautiful on the inside. The good thing is that you do not have to own a Spanish Revival home to enjoy the incredible attributes that this type of architecture has to offer.


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I LOVE THIS STORY!!!! End of review! Haha!
I've been looking for a fiction book to get my hands on that would grab my attention for more than the first one or two chapters. It was close–I almost didn't get this because the synopsis didn't do that well to pull me in. Another thing that I was a bit concerned about was the military portion (I appreciate and respect our service women and men!)–if a book has a dominant military theme, my heart can't handle it
Anyhow… The plot begins slowly as its setting up the characters (that's why I always give a chapter or two before I decide if it's worth the time); but (!) when the story really begins… I can't wait to get into my car (where I listen to audiobooks, whilst in LA traffic) each time so I can hear more!
Some parts may be cliche but I still love the process and storytelling! Provides just the right amount of character history and "romance" (not much at all but enough for it to add to the story, not to take away from it).
Don't want to say too much, would hate to give any spoilers away by accident. So, I'm just going to end it here for now.
CONCLUSION: Get this book!! You won't be disappointed if you enjoy suspense and mystery.


text:
In 1960 — following Thornley's Marine Corps discharge — he returned to Whittier, California and reunited with Hill at that time and the two produced a humor zine called Apocalypse: A Trade Journal For Doom Prophets.
Hill and Thornley published only one issue of Apocalypse, mainly because no one else, besides them, found it the least bit humorous. As Thornley later noted: "Things we thought were funny, nobody else did."
Apocalypse: A Trade Journal For Doom Prophets will appear in its entirety in the forthcoming Historia Discordia: The Origins of the Discordian Society available soon from RVP Publishers.


text:
I've been making a concerted effort to read more business books lately. Luckily, my office has a great library full of some of the top books for marketing professionals, leaders and general professionals, so when #GIRLBOSS by Sophia Amoruso came in, I knew I had to read it.
#GIRLBOSS is primarily a memoire about Sophia's life — from her teenage years full of hitchhiking, petty theft and dumpster diving, to her business's early days on eBay, to where Sophia is today: founder of online clothing retailer Nasty Gal, a $250 million+ brand. But, combined with numerous blunt tips about how she achieved her success, I'd say the book is equal parts self-help/business.
Overall, I loved this book. It was one of those books I read cover to cover in one sitting. I knew of Sophia and Nasty Gal prior to picking up the book (that was actually a lot of the reason I wanted to read it), but I became a serious fan after reading it!
First, I love Sophia's overall story and her honestly throughout the book — she doesn't sugarcoat her past, and that past certainly is different than many others who have achieved her level of success. That said, she also doesn't tell her story like it's a Cinderella story. She reiterates throughout the book how much hard work went in to building Nasty Gal. It's a really real portrayal of scraping by to build a business through all stages of its growth…even if she never anticipated it would get so big!
Her advice for Millennials like herself (and me) is dead on. Many of the things she says in the book had me screaming, "Yes!" throughout. In my role, I see the good and bad of our generation, and it seems Sophia's experience has been similar. To quote her, "You're not a special snowflake." Success takes serious work, and real life doesn't come with participation trophies. You have to be willing to dig in and get your hands dirty, put in the hours and bust your ass for all the success you're hoping to achieve. I love how #GIRLBOSS had this sentiment as a recurring theme throughout!
Overall, I would highly encourage all the aspiring #GIRLBOSSes out there to read this book. The story is great, the writing is witty, and the message is one that anyone hoping to achieve any level of success in their career needs to understand.
Did have you read #GIRLBOSS? What did you think?


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Research engages intellectual curiosity, satisfies the thirst for discovery, and provides an outlet for creativity.
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As a Jonesboro native, Erika graduated in 1994 from Jonesboro High School and received her Bachelor of Arts in Marketing from Arkansas State in 1998 and her Master's in Business Administration from Arkansas State in 2000. As the Director of Planned Giving at Arkansas State University since August 2011, Erika works to cultivate relationships with fellow alumni and friends of the university who want to leave their legacy at Arkansas State. Erika serves on the board of the Arkansas Charitable Gift Planning Council, Rotary Club of Jonesboro, Arkansas State University Museum Advisory Council, and Craighead County Election Commission. Erika is the daughter of George and Janie Krennerich of Jonesboro and is married to Dustin Chudy of Cabot, AR and has one son, Luke.


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The HIV League is a nonprofit organization dedicated to empower the HIV Community through scholarship, wellness, and education.
Who is the HIV Community?
Those who are HIV-Positive and are working towards a healthier lifestyle through prevention, care, and acting on their full potential as a member of today's society.
Those who are HIV-Negative and are in full support of HIV-Positive individuals acting on their healthy lifestyles.


text:
Open Access This article is
- freely available
- re-usable
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2014, 3(1), 143-165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3010143
Model for Determining Geographical Distribution of Heat Saving Potentials in Danish Building Stock
Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, Building 130, Roskilde 4000, Denmark
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 30 November 2013; in revised form: 15 January 2014 / Accepted: 20 January 2014 / Published: 5 February 2014
Since the global oil crisis in the 1970s, Denmark has followed a path towards energy independency by continuously improving its energy efficiency and energy conservation. Energy efficiency was mainly tackled by introducing a high number of combined heat and power plants in the system, while energy conservation was predominantly approached by implementing heat saving measures. Today, with the goal of 100% renewable energy within the power and heat sector by the year 2035, reductions in energy demand for space heating and the preparation of domestic hot water remain at the top of the agenda in Denmark. A highly detailed model for determining heat demand, possible heat savings and associated costs in the Danish building stock is presented. Both scheduled and energy-saving renovations until year 2030 have been analyzed. The highly detailed GIS-based heat atlas for Denmark is used as a container for storing data about physical properties for 2.5 million buildings in Denmark. Consequently, the results of the analysis can be represented on a single building level. Under the assumption that buildings with the most profitable heat savings are renovated first, the consequences of heat savings for the economy and energy system have been quantified and geographically referenced. The possibilities for further improvements of the model and the application to other geographical regions have been discussed.
Keywords:heat demand; heat savings; GIS; energy conservation; heat atlas
1. Introduction
The Danish energy system could be seen as flexible, highly efficient, with a large amount of renewables, and almost self-sufficient. However, in order to gain a full overview of the Danish energy system, it should be seen from a historical point of view and should be put in the context of a never-stopping transition towards a 100% renewable energy system.
Before the first global oil crisis in 1973, Denmark was almost entirely dependent on imported oil. At that time, oil was responsible for 92% of total primary energy consumption. A large part of the transportation and residential heating sector was based on oil, while at that time, the oil share in electricity production was close to 78%; the rest of the electricity was produced from coal [1]. Denmark did not have a ministry of energy to create medium- and long-term planning strategies, so "energy planning" was based on the analysis of historical demand for energy, without attempting to "put the bound" on the raising demand. The proclamation of an oil embargo by the Arab petroleum-exporting countries harmed the Danish economy at that time, but it also denoted the beginning of energy planning.
heat savings in the building (if not specified otherwise, the term building is used in a general way and denotes any kind of construction that has an energy demand for heating and hot water preparation, disregarding the size, number of floors or use) stock have been introduced as a part of the Danish energy strategy in the first major policy statement published by the Ministry of Trade in 1976. That strategy had declared two main directions for fighting the dependency on imported oil energy efficiency and energy conservation. The plans for energy efficiency improvements included converting existing power plants to CHPs (combined heat and power) and installing district heating technologies. Plans for energy conservation were mainly based on heat savings within the building sector. The burning issue of dependency on imported fuel was approached by introducing coal, natural gas, nuclear power and renewable energy as a primary energy substitute for imported oil. Soon after, nuclear power was taken off the agenda in Denmark, and societal consensus about this topic is maintained until the present time.
From a current point of view, the Danish energy system has been successfully converted from an inefficient, oil-based one to an efficient energy system based on renewable energy. Transition is still ongoing as Denmark is heading towards a 100% renewable energy system by 2050, which is a widely accepted societal consensus in Denmark. If the building sector is analyzed as a separate system, then Lund [2] points out an extraordinary result: even though the heated area in buildings increased by more than 50% during the last four decades, the total heat demand has decreased by 27%. In 2011, the final energy consumption for space heating was around 202 PJ, corresponding to one fourth of the total energy consumption in Denmark. Therefore, there is still room for reductions in energy demand for space heating and domestic hot water preparation. In theory, almost the entire energy consumption for space heating could be avoided. Naturally, the extremely high costs of insulating such buildings limit the applicability of these solutions in theory. The results of comprehensive analysis presented in [3] show that it is economically feasible to reduce energy demand for space heating by 30% in the next 15 years and by 80% until 2050. Net zero energy buildings described in [4] with a space heating demand of around 15 and 18 of hot water demand provide an indication of how far it is possible to go with new buildings. Due to the high share of district heating in Denmark, which covers around 60% of Danish heating needs, an important aspect of any system-changing measure is its ability to work alongside district heating. Several studies [5,6,7] have concluded that heat savings in the building stock will work well with district heating, today, as well as in a future renewable energy system, when the share of district heating increases even more. A lower heat demand in buildings will enable the introduction of fourth generation district heating technologies with lower supply and return temperatures, thus reducing the major disadvantage of district heating transmission losses.
Denmark's striving towards a 100% renewable energy system could be seen as a part of a general, European tendency to develop towards a more energy-secure and efficient, low-emission, renewable energy future. In 2009, as a supporter of the common future, Denmark was among the EU member states to adopt mid-term targets in areas of renewable energy, energy efficiency and emission reductions (commonly known as EU 20-20-20 goals):
- Decrease the emission of greenhouse gasses by 20% in comparison to 1990 levels by 2020.
- By 2020, 20% of the EU's final energy demand should be covered by renewable energy, such as wind, solar, wave and biomass. Denmark went even further with its renewable energy targets, setting the 2020 goal for the share of renewable energy of final energy demand to 30%.
- Decrease total energy consumption by 20% by improving energy efficiency in the whole chain of production-transmission-distribution-end-use compared to the business-as-usual scenario [8].
The objectives of the present article are:
- To identify potentials and associated costs of heat savings within the Danish building stock and to assess its effects on the energy system and environment.
- To put the effects of heat savings on the economy and the energy system into a spatial context.
2. Methodology and Tools
To reach the first objective of the present article, a model based on the physical properties of buildings is created. Buildings are put into groups in order to represent the different variations of physical characteristics within the building stock. The heat demand was calculated on a monthly level by using simple physical equations and summed to get the yearly demand. Different steps of heat saving measures (in the present paper, called "levels") have been selected, and associated energy savings and costs have been identified. These results have been translated into marginal cost curves. In order to be able to compare these with the costs of current ways of supplying heat, the costs of heat saving measures have been discounted over their respective lifetimes using a socio-economic discount rate.
To reach the second objective of the paper, the Danish heat atlas [9] was used as a backbone. Since the model's results have been calculated within a Microsoft Access database on a single building level, the spatial coordinates of buildings have been used to spatially represent the obtained results in ArcMap 10.1 software. An economically rational scenario about the renovations of buildings has been assumed, and its consequences have been used to present both spatial and temporal changes in a geographical context.
The heat atlas for Denmark will shortly be described in the following section, while a detailed description of the heat savings model will follow in subsequent sections.
The Danish Heat Atlas
The heat atlas for Denmark has been developed at Aalborg University and used in multiple studies (unless otherwise specified, the Danish heat atlas refers to this version of the heat atlas throughout this paper) [5,6,7,10]. It contains spatially referenced information about Danish building stock, including data about age, area, use, installation and fuel used for heating, preservation status, etc. It also contains calculated heat demand and the costs of different levels of heat savings. The research presented in the current paper uses the Danish heat atlas as a source of data about building stock; however, the calculated energy demand for heating and domestic hot water preparation and the costs of heat savings contained in the heat atlas are not used. Instead, a detailed model is created and thoroughly elaborated in the following sections.
3. The Heat Savings Model
To analyze heat demand for space heating and domestic hot water preparation within the Danish building stock, a stationary model based on monthly calculations of heat losses and heat gains is developed. Buildings are grouped according to age and use in order to account for variations in the physical properties of the building stock. The model requires a large amount of input data on physical variables, such as the areas of building elements (walls, roof, floor, windows), along with thermal characteristics (u-values), internal temperatures, ventilation rates, external temperatures, etc.
Different heat saving measures have been assumed, and for each of them, a new heat demand is calculated. Heat savings are defined as a difference between heat demands before and after undertaken measures. Empirical values obtained from a literature review have been used to calculate the costs of these measures.
The results from the model are presented in two ways, spatially and graphically. This is done in order to underline the duality between the results presented on a map and the results presented in graphs; each point on the map could be uniquely transferred to the graph, and vice versa, each point on the graph has its spatial origin.
3.1. Grouping of Buildings
For the purpose of modelling the heat demand of the Danish building stock, buildings have been grouped into nine groups by common construction period, five groups by common use and eight groups by a common temperature region, which gives a total of 360 groups of buildings, as presented in Table 1 and Table 2 and Figure 1. The Building codes shown in Table 2 represent the way the Danish Buildings and Dwellings Register (BBR) classifies buildings according to common use. The main reason for dividing buildings in this way is the availability of data, as this is the way buildings are grouped in reports made by the Danish Buildings Research Institute (SBi), which are often used as the main source of data about the physical properties of buildings. These values have been collected during the sale and rental of existing buildings and extrapolated using BBR's and Danish Statistics' data to match the five groups presented in Table 2. By grouping the buildings into these five groups, this analysis includes around 68% of all buildings, 64% of all building area, but 84% of the heat demand in Denmark, according to values from the Danish heat atlas. Heat demand contained in the Danish heat atlas has been previously calculated according to [11,12] and verified by comparing it with Danish Energy statistics.
|Construction Year
|Before 1850
|After 2007
|Year group
|Building Code
|Use of buildings
|Use group
|Detached houses
|Detached houses
|Terrace houses
|Non-detached houses
|140, 150, 160, 190
|Blocks of flats, hostels, residential institutions, other dwellings
|Multistory buildings
|320, 330, 390, 420,
430, 440, 490, 530
|Trade and commerce, hotel and service, other trade, cultural buildings, schools, hospitals, kindergartens, other public buildings, sports buildings
|Office/public buildings
Figure 1. Temperature regions in Denmark [13].
3.2. Heat Demand in Buildings
The heat demand in a single building is based on [14] and is calculated as:where the symbols used have the following meanings.
Qheat(c, u, t) = Qtr(c, u, t) + Qvent(c, u, t) − Qadd(c, u) + QDHW(c, u)
Qheat(c, u, t): Net heat demand in a building that belongs to construction period c, usage group u and temperature region group t.
Qtr(c, u, t): Transmission losses through the building envelope.
Qvent(c, u, t): Ventilation losses.
QDHW(c, u): Heat demand for the preparation of domestic hot water.
Qadd(c, u): Heat gain received from solar radiation, human body heat and surplus heat from electrical appliances.
Transmission losses through the building envelope are calculated as:where the used symbols have the following meaning.
uelem(c, u, t): u-value of a specific element of the building envelope (wall, floor, roof, window).
A: Heated area of a specific building.
tind(c, u): Indoor temperature; the values are based on [15].
k24 = 0.024: The coefficient that incorporates multiplying by 24 h in a day and dividing by 1,000, so that Qtr is expressed in kWh.
: The reduction factor due to the possibility that the temperature on the external side of a building envelope's element is different from the outdoor temperature. A value of 0.7 is taken for floors and one for walls, roofs and windows. The numerical values are based on [16].
felem(c, u): The ratio between the area of a specific building element and the heated area of the building. It has been calculated based on example buildings from [17].
tout,m(t): Average outdoor temperature in months, m, and temperature region t. Values are based on [13] for eight temperature regions in Denmark.
dm: The number of days with heating in months, m. It is assumed that heating is provided from September to May, as stated in Table 3.
|Month in Heating Season
|Number of Days with Heating
Ventilation losses from buildings are calculated as:where the symbols used have the following meaning.
ƞ(c, u): The efficiency of heat recovery; natural ventilation or ventilation without heat recovery is assumed as stated in [17]. Same values for the efficiency of heat recovery have been assumed for multi-story and office/public buildings.
: The density of indoor air.
: The thermal capacity of indoor air.
: The air flow rate.
n(c, u): The air exchange rate. The numerical values are based on [15].
H (u): The average room height. The numerical values are based on [15].
Other symbols used in Equation (3) have been explained above.
Heat gained from solar radiation, human body heat and waste heat from electrical appliances is calculated as follows:where the used symbols have the following meaning
Qint, Qsol: The internal heat gain (from human body heat and electrical appliances) and the solar heat gain, respectively.
: The heat gain from human body and waste heat from electrical appliances. The same value is assumed for residential and office/public buildings. The values are taken from [14].
ƞh: The utilization factor of heat gains; based on a graph from [18].
psol: The solar radiation per area of windows. For calculations presented in the current paper, the average values for all orientations of windows are calculated from [14].
Fs: The reduction factor due to shadowing effects, based on [18].
Fa: The reduction factor due to the entire glass area being less than the total window area, based on [18].
Fg: The reduction factor due to the solar transmittance of windows, based on [18].
All other factors are used earlier and have already been explained.
Heat demand for domestic hot water is calculated as follows:
- for office/public buildings:
- for residential buildings:
The reason for using different ways of calculating Q and Q in Equations (5a) and (5b) is that q (c) is calculated in per year, while q (c, u) is calculated in per year, and the intention was to present both in per year. Both q (c, u) and q (c) are based on actual measurements published in [20,21].
The calculated energy demand for space heating and domestic hot water has been compared with data in Danish Energy Statistics and data previously contained in the Danish heat atlas prior to calculation. It has been observed that the mismatch between total heat demands amounts to 0.2%, while mismatches divided in five building groups presented in Table 2 amount to 25.2% in the case of non-detached houses. Comparison is done only for buildings included in the calculation. The results of the comparison are presented in Table 4. When compared to Danish Energy Statistics, this analysis shows that the analyzed buildings make up 78% of the heat demand in Denmark.
Table 4. Comparison between the calculated heat demand and the heat demand previously contained in Danish heat atlas.
|Use Group
|Qheat (TWh)
|Qheat atlas (TWh)
|Ratio (%)
|Detached houses
|Multi-story buildings
|Non-detached houses
|Office/public buildings
3.3. Heat Savings
After determining energy demand for space heating and domestic hot water, the next step is to determine the possibility for reducing energy consumption. In theory, it is possible to reduce the heat demand almost to zero, but clearly, this cannot be economically justified. Therefore, a list of heat saving measures is made, and the heat savings and associated costs are calculated for each of these measures. The complete list of heat saving measures is presented in Table 5.
Heat savings are separately calculated for all elements and all levels listed in Table 5 using the following equations:
Equation (1) for exterior walls, floors and roofs is:
|Additional Insulation Thickness 1 (mm)
|Level 1
|Level 2
|Level 3
|Level 1
|Level 2
|Level 3
|Level 1
|Level 2
|Level 3 2
|Level 1
|ventilation systems
|Level 1
|domestic hot water
|Level 1
|domestic hot water
|Level 2
1 In case of windows, u-value of installed windows is written, while in case of mechanical ventilation systems efficiency of heat recovery of newly installed system is noted.2 In contrast with other heat saving measures where higher levels are denoting better insulated elements of building envelope, "level 3" in windows represents internal windows, which are used in case existing windows are worth preserving.
Heat savings in these elements are achieved by adding additional insulation, resulting in a lower u-value of the specific element. The nonlinear relationship between insulation thickness in walls, floors and roofs and their u-values is taken from [22,23]. It is assumed that in buildings that previously had an indoor temperature of tind,old = 19 °C, the indoor temperature had increased to tind,new = 20 °C and, thus, reduced the effects of heat savings but increased living comfort. For buildings with higher values for tind,old than 19 °C, no change in indoor temperature is assumed.
Equation (2) for windows is:
Heat savings in windows are achieved by installing windows with a lower u-value. As before, an increase in indoor temperature from 19 °C to 20 °C is assumed, while it is assumed that there is no change in indoor temperature in buildings with an indoor temperature greater than or equal to 20 °C before renovation. The effect of installing new windows on solar gains is acknowledged through the change in factors Fa and Fg. The change of factor Fa denotes the change in the glass area relative to the window area, while factor Fg (closely related with the g-value of the window) denotes the change in the solar transmittance of windows when switching to more energy efficient windows.
Equation (3) for ventilation systems is:
Reductions of ventilation losses are achieved by installing mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery. An efficiency of heat recovery of 0.9 is assumed for all newly installed ventilation systems. An increase in indoor temperature from 19 °C to 20 °C is also assumed in the case of mechanical ventilation systems. Apart from the decrease in energy consumption for air heating, the installation of mechanical ventilation system can contribute to improved air quality.
Equation (4) for domestic hot water pipes is:where po(%) and pr(%) denote the percentages of pipes being insulated in office/public and residential buildings, respectively. In heat saving calculations presented in this paper, a percentage of 20% is assumed for all types of buildings. This percentage is applied as a conservative one and should account for inaccessible hot water pipes in buildings. lo(c, u) and lr(c, u) are the average lengths of pipes per the heated area of building that belong to usage group u and are built in construction period c. These values represent calculated averages based on [20,21]. represents energy savings per length of pipe being insulated, depending on the insulation thickness. Assumptions from [17] have been applied.
As thoroughly explained in [20], energy consumption for domestic hot water represents a high percentage of the total energy consumption in residential buildings in Denmark: around 50 TJ out of a total of 200 TJ. Around 10% of gross energy consumption for domestic hot water is losses in hot water tanks, 40% are circulation losses, while net consumption represents only 50%. Although this calculation shows that the insulation of hot water pipes is an inexpensive solution, the total amount of energy that can be saved by this measure appears to be relatively low, as it changes from building to building, but does not exceed 5% of the total energy demand for hot water. Stopping the circulation of water during the night or reducing the length of circulating pipes would have a larger impact on the reduction of such losses, but these effects are impossible to include from a system point of view. On the other hand, solar heating appears to be a promising solution for supplementary heating of hot water, and analysis of this option for reducing energy consumption remains an open topic for further research. Additionally, the functionality of the Solar Radiation Toolset in ArcGIS 10.1 could be fully utilized for the benefit of this analysis.
3.4. Costs of Heat Savings
A logical question that follows from the results of the heat saving calculations is "How much does it cost?" As previously mentioned, it is theoretically possible to reduce heat demand for space heating almost to zero, but only if economic aspects are not taken into account. In order to make an economic assessment of heat saving measures, marginal and full costs are calculated. Marginal costs are supposed to account for additional costs when a scheduled renovation takes place, while full costs account for costs when renovations takes place only for the sake of saving energy. Because of the legal obligation to achieve high standards of energy efficiency when renovating buildings in Denmark, marginal costs are lower than full costs. As a drastic example, marginal costs of replacing windows to level 1 are considered to be zero, as would be done anyway when a scheduled renovation takes place. The numerical values assigned to marginal and full cost for walls, floors and roofs are based on [24,25], for windows on [16,24], for mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery on [25] and for insulating hot water pipes on [16]. These values are grouped and presented in Table 6.
|Marginal Costs 1
|Full Costs
|7 × ∆d 2
|1,500 + 7 × ∆d
|50 + ∆d
|100 + ∆d
|window, level 1
|window, level 2
|window, level 3
|ventilation system with heat recovery
|hot water pipes 3, level 1
|hot water pipes, level 2
1 exchange rate: 1 EUR = 7.45 DKK; 2 ∆d is additional insulation thickness; 3 In case of hot water pipes costs are expressed in DKK per m of pipe being insulated
In order to assess the economically feasible potential seen from a system point of view, the costs of heat saving measures have been discounted over the lifetime of each measure. Forty years is assumed as the lifetime of walls, floors and roofs, while 30 years has been assumed as the lifetime of windows, ventilation systems and the insulation of hot water pipes. A 4% socio-economic discount rate has been assumed, as stated in [26]. Lower interest rates [27,28,29] and longer lifetimes [3] of elements can be found in the literature, which makes the economically feasible potential higher.
Annualized discounted marginal and full costs have been calculated for all buildings included in this analysis and for all twelve heat saving options presented in Table 5, by applying the following equation:where the used symbols have the following meaning.
IC: The investment costs calculated by using values from Table 6.
AC: The discounted annualized cost of a heat saving measure.
CRF: The capital recovery factor.
I: The interest rate.
N: The lifetime of the building envelope element.
4. Results of Analysis
After applying Equation (10) on the marginal and full costs of each level of each heat saving measure of each building included in the analysis, the marginal and full annualized costs of heat saving measures are obtained.
From knowing the discounted price of heat saving measures (in ) for all buildings, the next step in the analysis is to answer the question "How big is the potential for heat savings?". In order to provide an answer to this question, marginal cost curves have been created (It is important to make a clear distinction between marginal cost curves and marginal costs. Marginal cost curves show the costs of savings next to the unit of energy, while marginal costs denote the costs of heat saving measures when a scheduled renovation is taking place). For each heat saving level of each element on all buildings included in the analysis, costs have been sorted from the least to the most expensive one. These curves are presented in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Curves showing potentials and costs for energy savings in domestic hot water are not presented in Figure 2 and Figure 3, due to the small potential (0.1 TWh), even though they show moderate costs (around 1 DKK per saved kWh). After picking only the most profitable (the smallest amount of money that is needed to save 1 kWh of heat) heat saving measure for each element on all buildings, the curves in Figure 4 are obtained. This analysis allows for the possibility that on the same element in the same building, one level of savings appears more profitable when a scheduled renovation is undertaken, while some other level appears more profitable when renovation is undertaken solely for the purpose of saving energy. For example, it is possible that adding 100 mm of insulation on walls (level 1) appears as the optimal solution if marginal costs are calculated and 300 mm if full costs are considered. As a result of that, the total potential when renovation for energy saving purposes is considered is 12% higher than in the case of a scheduled renovation, as presented in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Cumulative potentials and marginal and full costs of heat savings without disaggregation on different building elements.
5. Analysis of Results
The calculations presented in previous chapters explained and quantified heat saving potentials within the Danish building stock and the associated costs. However, still, many issues are left open; some of these include the temporal and spatial distribution of heat saving measures and associated investment costs and the environmental and energy system consequences.
It seems that some of the mentioned questions have rather simple answers, which could be interpreted as follows: heat savings save energy, which is produced in a power plant and transmitted and distributed to buildings, with some losses, and consumed in the building. Another option is that heat is both produced and consumed locally, i.e., without transmission losses.
Furthermore, heat savings reduce the harmful environmental impact of heat producing technologies, such as CO2, CH4 and NOx emissions (even though CO2 is the most commonly known, others have a bigger global warming potential), except for technologies that use fuels that do not produce emissions (e.g., heat produced from electricity produced from wind power). Finally, it is evident that heat savings are not costless: new windows, ventilation systems, as well as materials for insulating walls, floors and roofs cost money, as previously presented in Table 6. However, in order to fully understand the effects of heat savings in the building stock on the Danish energy system, the previously mentioned effects should be quantified while spatial and temporal aspects should be explored. The following analysis is aimed at achieving these goals.
Economic rationality could be seen as a key underlying assumption of the decision-making process in this analysis. It is assumed that buildings with more cost-effective heat saving measures (measures that need the least DKK for saving 1 kWh of heat, placed on the bottom of the curves presented in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4) are renovated before the ones with more costly heat savings. Another factor that could greatly influence the profitability of heat saving measures is the cost of the current mean of supply, as heat savings could be deemed reasonable only if the costs of heat savings per saved kWh of heat are less than the current price of supplying heat. As an extreme case, if a building has a free heat supply, no heat saving measure would be seen as profitable. However, this effect has not been included in this analysis and should be addressed when comprehensive energy system analysis is undertaken. Gram-Hansen [30] gives another perspective to the issue of building renovations by exploring the reasons behind owner's decisions against renovations, even in cases when it is economically feasible. The issue of the renovation rate has been addressed similarly as in [22]; it is assumed that an area corresponding to 1% of the total area of buildings is renovated as a scheduled renovation (marginal costs have been applied) and another 0.5% is being renovated for energy saving purposes (full costs have been applied). The effect of constructing new buildings has not been explored, but their effect on heat consumption is minor compared to old buildings, since these buildings are built according to the highest standards of energy efficiency. These assumptions clarify the temporal aspects of energy renovations. The present analysis looks at the results of renovation starting from the year 2013 up to 2030. Informations about the position of buildings contained in the heat atlas allow for the monitoring of spatial aspects of energy renovations; financial investments and energy savings can also be spatially referenced.
The results of the analysis have been presented in the form of density maps changing over time. The density of cumulative heat savings in milestone years has been presented in Figure 5, and the density of cumulative financial expenses in the years 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030 have been presented in Figure 6. The Kernel density tool in ArcGIS 10.1 has been used for producing these maps. One kilometer is used as a raster cell size and as a search radius within the Kernel Density tool. A land map of Denmark has been converted to raster cells (a value of one for land and zero for the surrounding sea) and used within the Raster calculator to "remove" densities from the sea, where buildings do not exist. This kind of visual appearance is achieved by using Classified Symbology and six colors scale within Layer Properties.
Figure 6. Temporal change in cumulative financial expenses for renovations within the Danish building stock.
Although it could be expected that change in densities from one milestone year to another follow identical spatial patterns, it is evident from the maps shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 that this is not entirely the case. An explanation of this phenomenon will arise from the following discussion.
Let us assume that the changes of cumulative energy saved over time, presented in Figure 5, represent the basic maps and that the other group of maps will be compared with it. Maps showing the time change in the cumulative financial expenditures for building renovations presented in Figure 6 differ from maps presented in Figure 5. There is a sound reason for that. Buildings are supposed to be renovated on the basis of the lowest costs per saved unit of energy, irrespective of the area of the buildings and the total amount of energy saved, so it is possible that inexpensive-to-renovate buildings with high a heat demand are located in one region, while expensive-to-renovate buildings with a smaller heat demand are located in another region. That is why, even though large heat savings are achieved in one region, financial expenditures are not as large and vice versa.
To underline the duality between the spatial and the graphical way of representing the results, graphs are presented in Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9. The graph in Figure 7 shows the absolute (on the primary axis) and relative (on the secondary axis) change in heat demand after renovations of buildings are undertaken. It could be seen that if 1.5% of the building area is renovated annually (1% as scheduled renovation and 0.5% as energy saving renovation), the total heat demand in the analyzed buildings will decrease by 28%, while the heat demand in the renovated buildings will decrease by 78%.
Figure 8 and Figure 9 show how saved thermal energy and investments are spread over different types of buildings and different administrative regions in Denmark. When compared with the temperature regions presented in Figure 1, the Capital region is composed of Copenhagen and Bornholm, South Denmark of Fyn and South Jutland, Central and East Jutland of Central Jutland, while the temperature regions of Zealand and North Jutland correspond to homonymous administrative regions. Red points in Figure 8 denote heat savings in a certain region as a share of initial consumption in all analyzed buildings, while dark squares denote heat savings as a share of initial heat consumption in buildings that are subjected to renovation until 2030. Red points in Figure 9 are used to mark the share of a single region in total investments. It could be observed from these figures that the biggest amount of heat savings, achieved in multi-story and office/public buildings, are followed by correspondingly big investments. Detached and farmhouses make up a somewhat important share of heat savings in Zealand and South Denmark. After comparing the figures, it appears that North Jutland and Zealand have the biggest share of heat savings per invested funds.
Figure 8. Heat savings in the Danish building stock divided by administrative regions and building use. Red points denote heat savings as a share of initial consumption in all analyzed buildings, while dark squares denote heat savings as a share of initial heat consumption in buildings that are subjected to renovation until 2030.
Figure 9. Investments in heat savings in the Danish building stock divided by administrative regions and building use. Red points denote the share of a single region in total investments.
6. Conclusions
A detailed model for determining the heat demand in the Danish building stock, potentials for heat savings and associated costs is presented. One-point-six-seven million buildings are included in this analysis. An annual demand for space heating and domestic hot water of 43.8 TWh is identified. It is concluded that if all elements of the buildings are renovated (including the insulation of hot water pipes and installing mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery), reductions in heat demand between 75% and 85% could be achieved. Internal temperature is seen as the main source of uncertainty, as calculations show that an increase in indoor temperature by 1 °C in the entire building stock entails an increase in heat demand of 8.2%.
Combining the use of the Danish heat atlas alongside a heat savings model gave the possibility to put savings and costs into a spatial context. Duality between the results presented on a GIS map of Denmark on one side and charts and graphs on the other side is discussed, and it is concluded that if spatial phenomenon are presented, there is a bi-directional connection between the results.
A single scenario of building renovations is assumed, and its costs and energy savings have been quantified. This scenario is not considered to be optimal, but its aim is to give an indication of how energy saving potentials could be utilized. In order to find an optimal scenario, a complete energy system analysis should be undertaken. Optimization energy system analysis tools, such as TIMES (The Integrated MARKAL-EFOM System) [31,32] and Balmorel [33,34], which minimize the sum of the total investment and operation costs under given constraints, are seen as a good solution for handling such a complicated task. Such a TIMES model for Denmark is currently being developed at the Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark and will be used in further research.
Even though this model in theory is applicable to any region or country, due to its clear structure and open set of equations, the need for a high amount of input data could limit the applicability of this model to areas with high standards in data collection and management.
Modelling of the rest of the building stock and its inclusion in the model alongside with the inclusion of social parameters, such as property values, number of inhabitants, their age and levels of education or income, are also seen as areas for further research. These data will be used for assessing the affordability of heat saving measures (the property value or level of income) and improved modelling of heat demand (the number and age of inhabitants greatly influence hot water consumption).
construction year group
usage group
temperature region group
month in heating season
element of building envelope
property of building after renovation
property of building before renovation
u-value for a specific element of the building envelope
heated floor area of a specific building
ratio between the area of a specific building element and the heated area of the building
indoor temperature
average monthly outdoor
temperature heat loss reduction factor
number of days with heating in months m
efficiency of heat recovery
air exchange rate (h−1)
average room height
internal heat gain per unit of area
utilization factor of heat gains
heat consumption for domestic hot water per heated area of office/public buildings
heat consumption for domestic hot water per apartment in residential buildings
average area of household
shadowing reduction factor
glass area reduction factor
solar transmittance reduction factor
average solar radiation per unit of window area
annual net heat demand for space heating and domestic hot water
annual transmission losses through the building envelope
annual ventilation losses
annual heat gains
annual demand for the preparation of domestic hot water
internal heat gain from electrical appliances and human body heat
heat gain from solar radiation
annual demand for the preparation of domestic hot water in office/public buildings
annual demand for the preparation of domestic hot water in residential buildings
W to kWh conversion coefficient
thermal capacity of indoor air
density of indoor air
The work presented in this paper is a result of the research activities of the Strategic Research Centre for Fourth Generation District Heating (4DH), which has received funding from The Danish Council for Strategic Research.
The authors would like to thank Bernd Möller from Aalborg University for discussions about the spatial aspects of energy planning in Denmark.
Author Contributions
Stefan Petrovic developed the model for calculating heat demand, heat saving potentials and associated costs, made graphs and maps for representing results. Kenneth Karlsson contributed by giving instructions how to improve parts of the model and by instructing which results should be presented in the final version of the paper and which should be addressed within further research. Stefan Petrovic wrote the manuscript, while Kenneth Karlsson improved parts of the manuscript by commenting on it. The authors had constant discussions on the model development and writing process.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Help ACAR put books into the hands and homes of children in our area
In honor of National Literacy Month in September, the ACAR Community Outreach and Charity Committee is collecting new and gently used children's books for the nonprofit Bright Star Books. Bright Star Books donates collected books to several area lower income schools.
According to the nonprofit Reading Is Fundamental, one of the best ways to develop children's literacy is to encourage kids to read at home. Literacy is a critical element in building strong communities. In fact:
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You can bring your books to the ACAR Office Monday through Friday from 8 a.m. – 4:30 p.m. We will be collecting books until October 12.
Click here or the image below to view and download our flyer.


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I've been trying to tease apart some hard numbers on energy and finance these past couple of weeks. I think I finally am getting a handle on them.
The first one that was giving me trouble was energy. As I've written before, the energy usage for electrically powered vehicles is sort of a sham. The energy that goes into electricity is mostly lost in generation, at least when we use steam to generate electricity via a dynamo. Even with the economic switch to natural gas over coal, we are still running at about 25% efficiency. Natural gas does more good for our Carbon budget than solar, by displacing coal in regional power plants, it is still the same old inefficient reaction.
This was pointed up, along with a great many not so nice things, in an antique web page by Randall O'Toole. At the time of writing, the transit "fact book" was using 1 kWh = 3,000 BTU, when the real energy consumed by generated electricity is closer to 11,000 BTU/kWh. I had to check and recheck the data and its sources to see that yes, the latest transit energy stats show 11,000 BTU/kWh.
Using that information, I can now happily and confidently report that the average passenger miles per gallon for rail transit is 108. It is only 28 PMPG for traffic. This is a distinct difference that would not have worked out if I was basing my numbers on 3,000 BTU/kWh. I already found that the fleet efficiency of buses is even worse than for traffic. I expect they would do themselves the most good by making their routes direct and fast. Subdivisions, parking lots and malls be damned. This is still nowhere near as good as 360 PMPG for walking, and 700 PMPG for biking, but its good to know that yes, rail transit is more energy efficient than traffic. Cost be damned.
The second quest I've been on is the way we pay for it all. I found it was best to surrender the need to parse rail from bus transit, and to split biking from walking facilities, to get some of these numbers. I also found that separating federal, state and local was not as interesting as the gross revenues and expenditures, and how we make up the difference.
I found the spreadsheet here to be most educational.
Sometimes it takes a hostile author to lay out the ugly truths. I owe it to sites like the Cato institute and Heritage for explaining that the Highway Trust Fund is the source of these omnibus spending bills. The billions of dollars in earmarks and big vision projects in every congressional district is funded by every driver, 18 cents at a gallon. Since 1964s Highway bill and 1992's ISTEA, this has included a boon to transit, biking and walking for better or for worse. Money diverted from the great driver of wealth in the transportation sector, gas and other transportation related taxes.
But the Gas tax has never paid for all of it. We have always been diverting funds from the "general fund" (our income tax dollars) to pay for this. Notably that general fund is currently 40% over budget, at least at the federal level. Keep buying those US savings bonds, or the highways are done for!
There are two ways to look at this. If we think of transit, biking and walking as things we don't have enough of, or as the gas tax in service of transportation( the act getting there on time, wherever and however), devoting gas tax money to these modes makes perfect sense. Traffic operates better with fewer vehicles on the road after all. I f people have other ways to obviously make some trips, traffic sees a benefit in less congestion. This is is a good philosophy for flush times, when there is plenty of cash to go around.
But that's not the case when times are lean. When the budget of the gas tax and transportation spending is no budget at all, we haven't raised it for over two decades, and fuel efficiency has become a virtue, it is little surprise that the gas tax is not the cash cow that it was meant to be. Now there are schemes about raising the gas tax, or linking it to VMT, or even replacing it with a surcharge on other taxes like the sales tax.
How much could we save if we enabled transportation that was more affordable than traffic or transit? Walking and biking are an order of magnitude more affordable than these two common modes, but they are almost unseen in the conversation about America's transportation. Maybe it is time to let them loose.


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Yahoo cofounder Jerry Yang is trying to arrange a private equity deal for Yahoo that would take the company off the public markets.
Reuters reports that private equity firms potentially interested in the deal include Bain Capital, Silver Lake Partners, and Hellman and Friedman.
Microsoft has also been taking a look at investing in Yahoo, but a source with knowledge of Microsoft's M&A strategy tells Business Insider that a full buyout is not in the cards at this time.
Alibaba leader Jack Ma recently said he was very interested in buying Yahoo. Yahoo owns a stake in Alibaba.
Yahoo's interim CEO, Tim Morse, has been giving conflicting messages on whether the company is for sale or not. He replaced Carol Bartz, who was fired last month.
Reuters reports that Yang and his cofounder David Filo want to roll over their stakes in Yahoo as part of the deal. Yang owns about 3.63% of the company as of April 2, while Filo has 5.60% as of May 11.
We first reported Yang's interest in buying Yahoo back in September.
Get the latest Yahoo stock price here.


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DSM Opens R&D Centre in China
09 September 2005
09 September 2005
DSM, supplier of performance materials and industrial chemicals, opened its first Research & Development (R&D) Centre in Shanghai, China, earlier this week.
The DSM R&D Centre China will be the company's main R&D base in the country and will form a vital part of DSM's global R&D network. In addition to carrying out product and applications development work, the centre will support DSM's businesses in several other ways: by tracking market trends, by proactively responding to the needs of customers, and through interaction with the external know-how infrastructure, such as partners in universities, scientific research institutes and industry. DSM Nutritional Products, DSM Food Specialties and DSM NeoResins will be the first three DSM businesses to operate facilities at this R&D Centre.
"DSM began its first phase of long-term growth in China through technology licensing activities in the 1960s. For the past decade DSM has made significant investments in the country the second phase of long-term growth. Today, with the opening of the DSM R&D Centre China, DSM begins its third phase ," said Mr. Jan Zuidam, Deputy Chairman of DSM's Managing Board of Directors. "Establishing this R&D footprint in China gives us the opportunity to integrate better with China's science and technology community and to get embedded into the Chinese business value chain."
DSM also works closely with some of the world's most innovative R&D partners, exchanging scientific and technological knowledge with some 2,000 university departments worldwide. DSM currently owns 13,000 patents, covering 2,500 individual inventions; some 250 patent filings take place every year.
In China, DSM is very active in seeking partnerships with research institutions to develop products and solutions that meet the needs of Chinese customers. The company's various R&D units already have contacts with several leading Chinese universities. DSM and Fudan University's joint lab will open later this month. The partnership will give the renowned Chinese institution the financial, technological, manufacturing and management support needed to exploit innovations to the fullest.
DSM's expansion represents their second major investment in China in 2005. In March this year DSM Engineering Plastics expanded its compounding capacity, which included new compounding lines, doubling total capacity for their Stanyl PA46, Akulon PA6 and Arnite polyesters.
These high-performance engineering plastics are used for instance in LCD displays, computers, games, mobile phones and cars. The existing facilities in Zhouzhuang in Jiangyin, Jiangsu province in China will be relocated to a new state of the art plant in Jiangyin Hitech Development Zone. The total investment at the new site will be some tens of millions USD. Operations at the new site will start in 2006.
Speaking in March this year, Stefan Sommer, President of DSM China said that "China is a market which plays a key role in DSM's overall growth strategy. The expansion of the production capacities of DSM Engineering Plastics and DSM Composite Resins in China highlights DSM's strong commitment to China. The results reflect this commitment: in 2004, DSM generated sales of EUR 420 million in China, a growth of 25 % compared to 2003."
DSM have invested heavily on R&D over the years with last years (2004) total R&D expenditure amounting to EUR 286 million, around 4% of net sales. Worldwide, DSM has approximately 2,000 R&D staff organized around a range of competences at the forefront of technology.


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So it's been three months since my last post and what a three months it's been!
As always I started out with the very best of intentions to keep you updated with progress on my concave (egg) chair but by the time I returned to Tresithick for my final week of tuition, the deadline for my written research project was looming and I'd done my usual trick of leaving everything to the last moment!! Needless to say, rather than showing you lovely people gorgeous pictures of my chair, I was hurriedly pulling together a bibliography, referencing photos and attempting to print a sizeable 19,000 word piece on the 'History of 20th Century Furniture Design'. I did it……… but the printer nearly went out of the window.
I should add that despite my self-induced stress the written research project was actually a really enjoyable thing to do – the sheer quantity of written work wasn't actually a requirement but instead it was a result of how much I was learning. I felt sorry for Richard who had to plough through it!
So we have a lot to catch up on don't we? The chairs, the assessment and a few other things that I'm not sure I can share with you just yet…..
The egg chair continued to be a joy to work on although I wouldn't want to give the impression that it was a walk in the park. Once you've created your tailored cover for the shell, you've got to fit it – and this is the tricky part. Imagine trying to put a coat on a child who under no circumstances wishes to wear a coat. It was about that easy. Naturally you want to create a cover for the shell that is as fitted as possible, but as you have 'wings' at the top of the chair you've somehow got to stretch the cover beyond the point you fitted it in order to settle it into place.
This is where having a fabric with stretch is essential, the last thing you want to hear is the sound of ripping fabric as you're wrestling the cover into place. I'd love to do another of these chairs, but if you ask me to do it in anything other than super-stretchy wool you're definitely off my Christmas card list.
With the shell fabric wrestled into place it was time to tackle the inside cushions. bring on the teal! It's not always easy to tell from samples exactly how a colour combination will work, but boy was I pleased with this one. My confidence was also boosted by the lovely comments from my colleagues in the work room who seemed to fall for these colours in the same way that I did.
New cushions were made to replace the bio-hazard originals (which had a final flourish as padding to protect fellow student, Josie's mammoth leather armchair as she worked on it) and the covers were again, tailored to fit. The big decision that remained was that of buttons. To match or to contrast? With a short discussion in the work room, matching was a clear winner – a more sophisticated design decision we all thought.
With my final week at Tresithick drawing to a close it was clear that I would still have a little work to do on both of my Diploma chairs to get them ready for final assessment and verification in May. The good news was that the remaining jobs were easily achieved back in my own workshop and both chairs were ready in time.
Returning to Cornwall for verification felt a little odd. This was the first occasion that I'd spent time down there without having a project to work on, not that it was too much of a bind to while a way a few days in sunny Cornwall of course.
The other odd feeling was that this felt like a bit of an end of an era. I've been coming to Tresithick for 6 years now and it feels like a part of my world, not just a course I decided to take. Richard has been the most inspirational, patient, generous and supportive teacher and mentor that I could have wished for. The confidence that he has given me has been phenomenal. It's hard to describe the atmosphere in the workshop at Tresithick without using the words fun, laughter, energy and inspiration – it really struck me as all of the Diploma candidates joined for a celebratory dinner that I've made some brilliant friends over the last 6 years (you know who you are!) and that certainly includes Richard, Sonja, Zoe and Bella the dog.
The achievement of my level 3 Diploma means that there are no more levels for me to achieve and strictly speaking, no need for me to return to Tresithick. I've decided not to accept that. There's always something new to learn, right?
Oh, and the good news is……. I passed! 86% no less, almost a distinction and much more than I had hoped for. Officially chuffed.
So here are the finished pieces – what do you think?


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Fancy Anansi
Wow, what a Fantastic book!! It's a favorite in our house, both kids and adults love this story! It's wonderful to read a book that teaches Human Values! My child Loves reading Fancy Anansi and has bonded with the character so much! The illustrations are bright and inviting! Kids of all ages can enjoy the captivating story. Hats off to the author! Thank you for writing this book for our kids! We are looking forward to the next book by this author!! 🙂
I have given this book to so many friends & collegues and all of them have given such rave reviews from their children! Many comments have come in saying that their kids want to read the book over & over again! It's the only book that they want to read at bedtime! Parents are asking for the author to quickly write another book. It's a touching & funny story about friendship, honesty and teamwork! Please buy the book for a kid that you love!
~Madhu M Sonti
My toddler son loves this book as it captures his imagination in a wonderful way. Children will not only enjoy the modern setting but also learn various lessons on hard work, being truthful and the importance of team work. It's a fantastic book with a great story aided by creative illustrations. I would recommend this for all kids and also those who would love a folklore with a modern twist.
~Divya P
Great book for all ages. Teach children to be kind, friendly, tell the truth, love and work as a team. I bought 5 of them for my classroom (Pre-K, 4 and 5 year-old students), for my students and co-workers.
~Sufyetty Z. Mitsudome
My 5 year old daughter loves the book! Kids will be able to relate with the values taught in this book. The art work is wonderful and inviting to kids of all ages.
Help Ever, Hurt Never
Really loved this latest book. It conveys a beautiful moral in a fun rhyming story that is relatable with a problem that is common to every student in any walk of life. The artwork is beautifully done as well. Sudha did a remarkable job at putting this book together. The story very unassumingly teaches a powerful message. In a world and time where morals are hard to come by in the media, this book sets the example for future authors and teachers, giving children's literature the opportunity reclaim its role in teaching our children values that are essential.Thank you Mrs. Ramaswami for giving us this gift:)
~Sampath M.
My children (3 boys aged 4, 7, 10) loved this book and the illustrations. The older ones especially liked the message of "help ever hurt never." As a parent I really look for values based books such as these, and Sudha Ramaswami's books fit the bill!!! Highly recommend to anyone looking to teach their children human values in a fun way.
~Amazon Customer
Such a realistic situation based book that help our kids with what they face today & how to deal with cheating & friendship! Loved the characters & the poetic journey through their little lives! A must read for your children of any age!
~Surya S.


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September 22 - 30, 2018
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Performing Arts
Miami's Andy Señor Jr. directing a groundbreaking 'Rent' in Havana
Andy Señor Jr., artistic director of Miami's new District Stage Company, is in Havana at the moment rehearsing a history-making production of the Jonathan Larson musical Rent.
The Florida International University grad, who made his Broadway debut playing Angel in the Pulitzer Prize-winning show, played the part again on tour and assisted original director Michael Greif when the show was revived Off-Broadway. After directing the La Bohème-inspired musical in Tokyo, Señor is now working with 15 Cuban actors on the first fully produced Broadway show done in Cuba since the revolution.
South Florida-based Carbonell Award winner Emmanuel Schvartzman is serving as musical director of the Spanish-language production. The show about struggling young artists on New York's Lower East Side will open on Christmas Eve and run for three months at Havana's Bertolt Brecht Theatre.
Stars of David: Story to Song, a musical revue inspired by the Abigail Pogrebin bestseller, will launch a six-city Florida tour Dec. 23-Jan. 4 with a run in the Amaturo Theater at the Broward Center for the Performing Arts.
Three of the four just-announced cast members are South Florida-based actors: Gordon Greenberg, director and co-author of the show's script, has picked Too Jewish creator and star Avi Hoffman, Carbonell Award winner Patti Gardner and Carbonell nominee Mike Westrich to join Cassie Levine in the company.
Produced by Tony Award winner Daryl Roth, the show touches on the stories of well-known Jewish figures, many from the world of arts and entertainment, including songwriters Marilyn and Alan Bergman, actor Leonard Nimoy, playwright Tony Kushner, TV producer Norman Lear and the late comedian Joan Rivers. The revue features music by Marvin Hamlisch, Duncan Sheik and Steven Sater, Tom Kitt, Jeanine Tesori, Sheldon Harnick and others.
After the Broward Center run, the show will play the Capitol Theater in Clearwater Jan. 11, the Wilson Center in Jacksonville Jan. 14-17, Miami's Alper JCC Jan. 28-Feb. 1, the Gleason Room Backstage at the Fillmore Miami Beach at Jackie Gleason Theater Feb. 4-15, and Perrson Hall at the Kravis Center in West Palm Beach Feb. 17-March 15. Tickets cost $36 for 7:30 p.m. previews Dec. 23-24, $45 for regular performances at the Broward Center, 201 SW Fifth Ave., Fort Lauderdale. Call Ticketmaster at 800-745-3000 or visit www.ticketmaster.com or www.browardcenter.org. For information about the show, visit www.starsofdavidsongs.com.
The 2015 Broward College Speakers Series has chosen five well-known figures for its series at the Broward Center for the Performing Arts.
Anthony Robles, an NCAA championship wrestler and motivational speaker, will launch the series Jan. 21. Bloomberg Politics managing editor Mark Halperin will talk about politics and the future at 7:30 p.m. Feb. 18. Abduction survivor Elizabeth Smart will share her story March 25. Pulitzer Prize-winning historian and biographer Doris Kearns Goodwin will talk about leadership lessons from American presidents on April 15. And SportsCenter anchor Chris Berman will talk about his 30-year history with ESPN on May 20.
All speeches begin at 7:30 p.m., and all are in the center's Au-Rene Theater except for Robles, who will speak in the Amaturo Theater. Discounted series tickets priced from $300 to $325 are being sold through Dec. 10. Individual tickets via Ticketmaster go on sale then. For more information, call 954-462-0222 or visit www.browardcollegespeakerseries.com.
Artists in Residence in Everglades, or AIRIE, the program that brings artists to creative residencies in Everglades National Park, has announced its 2015 fellows.
They include writers Andrew Gottlieb and Nancy Krim, architect Caterina Tiazzoldi, painter Elizabeth Condon, photographers Alan Winslow and Matthew Booth, audio artist Valerie George, filmmaker Celia Rowlson-Hall, as well as Florida natives and multidisciplinary artists Jason Hedges, Franky Cruz, Christina Petterson and Onajide Shabaka.
AIRIE partners with the park staff to bring fellows to spend a month living and creating new work in the park, as well as leading activities with visitors and donating artwork. The hope is to inspire the artists creatively and encourage them to become ambassadors for the Everglades. The program has expanded to include year-round readings, performances, workshops and lectures that showcase the Everglades in the hope of getting people involved.
"AIRIE artists have the unique ability to show us things we've missed that are before our eyes every day," said Bob Krumenaker, the park's acting superintendent. "And for those who don't know this place intimately, to reveal its wonders for the first time."
Brian Schriner, dean of Florida International University's College of Architecture + the Arts, has appointed an arts educator-researcher, a writer-filmmaker and a photographer as the 2014-15 Dean's Distinguished Fellows. The three will be based at FIU's Miami Beach Urban Studios, 420 Lincoln Rd., where they will work with students, researchers and community members involved with the college.
The fellows are Bruce Allen Carter, a member of the National Council on the Arts, who will spend his nine months at FIU producing an online publication with essays, videos and images documenting exchanges within the college; Alastair Gordon, an author, curator, critic, filmmaker and publisher; and Robert Zuckerman, a photographer based in Hollywood, where his work is used in film and television. For more information, visit carta.fiu.edu.
▪ Jazz pianist Randy Weston will give a lecture on African traditions in jazz, then perform with his African Rhythms Trio, at Miami's historic Lyric Theater on Dec. 7. The event serves as an early kickoff to the second annual Miami Beach Jazz Festival on Jan. 10. Weston's free lecture will begin at 5 p.m., followed by the concert at 7 p.m. at the Lyric, 819 NW Second Ave. Tickets cost $40 ($20 for students). For more information, visit www.miamibeachjazz.com.
▪ Tony Award-winner Brian Stokes Mitchell will perform with the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra at 8 p.m. Dec. 8 as part of the James Judd-curated Broward Center Classical Series. On the bill are popular songs and carols, seasonal favorites and a concert suite from The Polar Express. Tickets cost $40 to $125. The center is at 201 SW Fifth Ave., Fort Lauderdale. Call Ticketmaster at 800-745-3000, or visit www.ticketmaster.com or www.browardcenter.org.
▪ Charise Castro Smith, an actor-playwright who graduated from the New World School of the Arts high school program and who performed in fellow grad Tarell Alvin McCraney's set-in-Haiti version of Antony and Cleopatra, is contributing material to That High Lonesome Sound. A collaboration with playwrights Jeff Augustin, Diana Grisanti and Cory Hinkle, the "lively theatrical album" of pieces about bluegrass music will premiere during the 39th Humana Festival of New American Plays at Actors Theatre of Louisville March 4-April 12. Castro Smith, a former Miamian who earned her master of fine arts degree from the Yale School of Drama, was commissioned by the theater to help create the piece for the acting apprentice company. This year's festival will also include the world premieres of The Roommate by Jen Silverman, Dot by Colman Domingo, The Glory of the World by Charles Mee, I Will Be Gone by Erin Courtney and I Promised Myself to Live Faster by Gregory S. Moss and the Pig Iron Theatre Company. For more information, call 800-428-5849 or visit www.humanafestival.org or www.actorstheatre.org.
▪ The work of artist Michelle Oka Doner, a former Miami resident who still keeps a South Florida home, is featured in a private selling exhibition by Christie's through Dec. 18 at the Special Exhibition Gallery, 1230 Avenue of the Americas, 20th Floor, New York. The Shaman's Hut: 50 Years of Objects from a Ceremonial Life includes works devised by Oka Doner over the past five decades as a means of elevating the necessities of daily life. For inquiries, contact Carina Villinger at email@example.com or call 212-636-2240.
Christine Dolen, Jordan Levin and Galena Mosovich contributed to this report. Send news to firstname.lastname@example.com (theater), firstname.lastname@example.com (dance, pop and Latin music), firstname.lastname@example.com (visual arts) or email@example.com (jazz, classical music).