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COBWEB CORNERS: Some of the early towns
By Mel McFarland
I did a story recently about little towns around here. It is interesting how most, but not all, were started by the railroads.
Towns grew up around particular spots for a variety of reasons, and only a few grew into large communities. Around here, there was a place called Hulbert. The Midland and Rio Grande tracks to Manitou met there. It never really was a town, but it was right where (nowadays) Eighth street crosses US 24. Not far away was Williams. It was a religious community behind what is now the Buena Vista Montessori school (formerly Washington). Our most famous community around here was Ramona, and I have mentioned Arensdale.
There were a number of towns in northern Colorado Springs before the city grew that way. Breed is one I remember. It was on both the Rio Grande and Santa Fe railroads. It started about where Woodman Road and 1-25 meet. The former Current plant sits just to the east of it, Breed ran well into what is now the Air Force Academy. A building that was used as the Academy visitor center for quite a while was the last building actually built in Breed. A town called Husted was where the north entrance to the academy is now. Woodman was not really a town, but old-timers might be surprised to see the modern road that takes you there! Another town in that area was Pike View, which was actually a coal miners' community.
There was a station on the Santa Fe called Pike View, but it was over a mile away from the "real" Pike View, which was near the power plant on North Nevada. Further east, if you know where to look, was Papetown. Some of the streets still have their Papetown names. People often wonder about the mismatching numbered streets. Not only that, there is no Fifth or Sixth street! Then there is Roswell, which did not become part of Colorado Springs until about 30 years ago. Before that there was Roswell City, which was west of Monument Creek in the 1890s.
One of my favorites was Elsmere. It, like Roswell, was started by the Rock Island railroad. Today the area is called Cimarron Hills!

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SV De-Bug
Intersection for the Arts presents TREE CITY LEGENDS: the world premiere of a new performance by emerging playwright/musician Dennis Kim, directed by Marc Bamuthi Joseph, and the third installment of Intersection for the Arts' and Resident Theatre Company Campo Santo's Next series.
Tree City Legends is a multidisciplinary theater work that melds post-hip hop aesthetics, urban folklore, Korean traditional tales, live music, legend, and parable. It is all together, part bildungsroman, part blues song, and part Book of Jonah remix.
Biblical imagery, multi-perspective narrative, and a sense of longing underpin the main character, Junie's story. These elements haunt Junie's rise and demise as a folk-singing sensation and eventual escapist. The bitter realities of the neighborhood block and a ghostly past loom in the background as a family of brothers struggles to make sense of a world that was not made with them in mind.
The piece expands beyond any specific Korean American experience and explores the profound feelings of rootlessness and abandonment of urban people of color, specifically Asian Pacific Islander American immigrants in tracing the lives of the Kane brothers.


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Blog Proprietors' Blog We are closed on 4th July
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Remember we are closed for the holiday tomorrow. Happy 4th July. We will re-open again on Monday.
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Speed limits on stretches of I-75, US-131 and US-127 have officially increased to 75 miles per hour after signage changes by the Michigan Department of Transportation, and the department expects to finish raising speed limits on the rest of the freeways targeted for increases by the end of June, according to MLive.com.
The stretches with new signage and new 75 mph speed limits are:
- I-75: Bay City to US-23 in Mackinaw City
- I-75: St. Ignace to Sault Ste. Marie
- US-127: I-69 to the end of the freeway at St. Johns
- US-127: Beginning of the freeway at Ithaca to I-75
- US-131: M-57 to the end of the freeway north of Manton
The changes come after the legislature passed a law requiring MDOT to raise the speed limits on 600 miles of freeway and 900 miles of non-freeway based on speed and safety studies.
Also on target for completion before the end of June are increases to 65 miles per hour on these routes:
- US-2: Wakefield to Iron River
- US-2: St. Ignace to Rapid River
- M-32: Atlanta to Alpena
For more about the speed limit increases statewide, read our prior story.
See a complete map of the speed limit increases here.
What Should I Do After A Michigan Auto Accident?
There are several things that you should do immediately after a car accident, which include:
- Notify of the police of the accident, especially if they do not come to the accident scene.
- Provide the investigating officer with your drivers license, proof of insurance, & vehicle registration.
- Make sure there is a written police report made after the accident.
- Get the drivers license number and license plate number of the other vehicles in the crash.
- Take photographs on your phone of damage to your car and other vehicles.
- Get the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of all witnesses to the accident.
- Report the accident to your own auto insurance company after the accident.
- Request an Application for No-Fault Insurance Benefits from your insurance agent.
- Contact our experienced attorneys to advise you on your rights and to begin pursuing your claims.
Our No-Fee Promise on Michigan Car Accident Cases
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Warning: There are strict time deadlines for filing Michigan car accident lawsuits. Call us today to learn more about the Michigan auto accident laws.


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Burberry Sac
Media Musings Blog Archive A Big Shame You may not sympathise because it's Kim Kardashian (why is she famous again?) and because it's the tabloids that are publishing the majority of this trash, but this is an issue much bigger than a reality TV star.
The level of scrutiny clearance burberry bags she has received and gross commentary about burberry store outlet online her weight reminds us how acceptable it has burberry montreal outlet become to pick apart a woman's appearance when she doesn't measure up to society's unrealistic standards. The Huffington Post zeroes in on why we should care: "These headlines affect us all, even when we tell ourselves we aren paying attention, that we write them off as trash. They leak into the cultural ether and affect buy burberry brit online how women see themselves and other women and how much time and thought and energy women put into fixing bodies that aren broken." Body shaming, especially in relation to woman, is rife within the public domain.
Women are praised for being skinny but she can't be too skinny because then she's just skin and bones and nobody likes that; women need to be feminine but they also can't have short hair because that's not being feminine. Being feminine is about having long, flowing hair, flawless skin and wearing pretty things as long as it's a size 6, but wait, doesn't that make you a self obsessed airhead too occupied on looks? It gets to a point where a woman's appearance, as Mia Freedman points out, is "so inextricably linked to our value that not even when growing a human being inside us are we exempt from the ridiculously narrow constraints of what a 'hot' woman is mean to look like.".
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Rivals remember inaugural Doral winner Billy Casper
Golf recently lost one of its finest players in Billy Casper. Few people in South Florida — only those whose memories go back a long, long way — are aware of his link to the area.
Casper was the inaugural winner of the Doral tournament in 1962 when it was called the Doral Country Club Open Invitational. For that triumph, Casper earned $9,000.
Some 53 years later and after numerous name changes of the Doral tournament, golf's best professionals will be descending on Doral on March 5-8 for the prestigious World Golf Championships-Cadillac Championship, and this year the winner will walk away with $1,530,000. The purse for the entire field will be $9,000,000.
The man who started it all at Doral was officially William Earl Casper Jr., who at age 82 died of a heart attack Feb. 7 in Springville, Utah.
Off course, he never went by his formal name because he was one of the friendliest players on the PGA Tour — just call him Billy. Or call him Buffalo Bill, the nickname given to him by his fellow golfers because he had a penchant for eating buffalo meat.
On the course, Casper came pretty close to turning the Big 3 — Jack Nicklaus, Arnold Palmer and Gary Player — into the Big 4.
And that's one of the reasons all of the Big 3 felt compelled to comment upon Casper's passing.
▪ Nicklaus: "I have said many times that during my career, when I looked up at the leaderboard, I wasn't just looking to see where a Palmer or Player or a Lee Trevino was. I was also checking to see where Billy Casper was."
Then Nicklaus added, "Golf was never the most important thing in Billy's life — family was."
▪ Palmer: "Billy was one of the true gentlemen of the game and a great competitor. He was a much better player than most give him credit for."
▪ Player: "We lost an amazing man. He was always a thorough gentleman."
How good was Casper as a player?
Plenty good.
His accomplishments include 51 PGA Tour victories (seventh all time), making 20 holes-in-one, winning three majors (the Masters in 1970, and two U.S. Opens, 1959 and 1966). In 1966 and 1968, he was the tour's leading money-winner.
He competed on eight Ryder Cup teams, each of them victories by the United States. And to complete his Ryder Cup success, he became captain of the team, and the United States won under his direction.
After winning that inaugural Doral event in '62, Casper repeated the feat again in 1964. Who did he beat? He edged Nicklaus by one shot. However, probably his most famous match came against Palmer in the '66 U.S. Open, when Casper trailed by seven shots with nine holes to play. He rallied to force a Monday playoff, and in the playoff Casper was quickly down by two strokes. He came back to defeat Palmer by a shot.
So, when this year's Doral tournament tees off and the golfers are traipsing the Blue Monster, they should take time to look back and be aware of the tournament's history and its meager beginnings, and then they should look upward and say thank you to William Earl Casper Jr.
Rickie Fowler, the 12th-ranked player in the world, committed to play in the Honda Classic Feb. 26-March 1 on the Champion Course at PGA National Resort & Spa in Palm Beach Gardens. A year ago, Fowler finished in the top five of all four majors.
The Honda tournament now has commitments from 16 of the top 25 players in the world, including No. 1 Rory McIlroy.
Noticeably absent so far from the field is Tiger Woods, nursing an injured back and an errant game.
Players have until approximately 5 p.m. Friday to commit to the tournament.


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Then I passed by our little boulangerie-patisserie. I'm so glad to have this shop right around the corner...and in fact, it's a respected name here in Paris: Gosselin. Nice decorations outside; even nicer decorations inside!! It's hard not to stop and look in the window. The buche de noël are especially tempting...but I said to myself that I wanted to make one at home again this year. We'll see if there is enough time, or not, but it's always nice to have a back-up plan, isn't it?
Finally, on a more personal not...at home - here's our little Christmas tree (and us). The tree is cute, isn't it? Same size as last year...I'm starting to like the scaled down Christmas. By the time I finished decorating it, I was just getting tired of doing the job...which made it perfect timing. Any longer & I would've needed a break....any shorter & I would've felt like I wanted to do more.
Last year it was Eric who surprised me with a tree, all decorated. Mom and I were making the buche de noël in the kitchen without a clue that anything was happening out in the living room. What a surprise we had when, into the room we went, there we found a cute little tree, all lit up and decorated! This year, it was my turn. While Eric was off playing (I mean working) in the French Alps for the weekend, I decided to surprise him. He liked it. And what really makes our little tree complete are those little packages under the tree....sent all the way from Appleton, Wisconsin with hugs & kisses from mom & dad (hidden behind us).
Bonnes fêtes de fin d'anée - Happy Holidays to everyone.


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Monday, September 14, 2009
That's Racing
Created with Admarket's flickrSLiDR.
The race is over and everyone is home safe. On the whole, I think we all had a good time. That's the short version.
The long version goes like this. Rachel and I got up at 5:3AM Friday morning and drove up to Columbia, SC to pick up our RV. Chip left Winder, GA around 9:30 AM with the race car. By the time we arrived at the track at around 10:30 much of the field was already there. That was a huge shock. We've arrived about the same time for the last two races and there were only a handful of teams there. This year it was tough to find anyplace to park the RV with power. I also noticed the size and complexity of the RVs had increased a great deal. I think money has found LeMons. Talking with people I found that the number of teams that had ties to the Charlotte racing infrastructure had gone up too. We talked with Bill Riley (rileytech.com, Riley and Scott, ect) and he was running a Probe that got a 100 lap penalty for "no good reason" even though it had brakes that look like they came from the DTM and "homemade" adjustable gas shocks. The pink pig team next to us was made up of Gannasi and K-Tech guys. The team on the other side of us was made up of folks for Childress. The list goes on. There were still a good number of flat out amateur efforts, but there were plenty of awfully well prepared cars.
Due to a work issue Natalie wasn't able to make it up for tech. Brian volunteered to ride up with her so he was also absent. That meant that Rachel, Chip and I would have to pull off our run past the BS judges ourselves. Our theme was Henry Ford's Revenge. As the only American major car company that didn't take a government bailout money we wanted to show the government funded teams how to go racing. We had brought some of the great corporate minds of the Ford Motor Company to the track. I was to be John DeLorean, Rachel was Lee Iacocca and Chip was Robert McNamara. While we were waiting for Chip to get to the track I got on the internet to do some reading. I realized at that time that he worked for GM and not Ford. A quick rethink later and I was Edsel. The judges seemed to appreciate our efforts. The car did look good with the classic Ford logos, old Henry riding shotgun in the back and out black, white and red RaceShopper.com and Hawk logos. They asked if we cheated and when we said know we got a "You lie!" which made us all laugh. They then checked our shocks to see if anything was fishy and there was nothing to see. I was a little touched as the judges even seemed to remember us. They also seemed to appreciate our bribes of homemade cookies and a mason jar full of homemade peach flavored jet fuel. Seriously, the stuff was stout.
After we got through tech we put the finishing touches on the car. We checked the alignment, ate dinner and wandered around the pits. We took it pretty easy. We chatted for a good amount of time with the Our Lady of Perpetual Downforce guys who had dressed up as aviators and mounted a car wide section of Cessna 172 wing upside-down on the roof of their car. They also had a flap section that was hinged at the front and had a gas shock on the back that dropped the flap at high speeds. I was highly impressed and the whole thing looked great on the track. Their car was also street legal and had apparently been running around Atlanta for a couple of weeks with the wing. Awesome. Later that evening Brian and Natalie arrived and after a short chat Nat and Chip were off to their cozy hotel while we settled into the camper.
I was up early on Saturday. I got up around 6:30 and decided to go walk the track. I was one of the early birds, but by the time I was done there were others. By the time I got back to the paddock Rachel was up and making breakfast and Brian was thumping around. Chip and Nat showed up a bit later and we all settled in for the morning. Before you knew it it was time for the driver's meeting. Jay Lamm kept it short and sweet. He knew many of us were veterans and he just went over the basics. WE headed back to the pits and made the last minute preparations such as mounting the radios that IMSA was kind enough to loan us.
It had been decided that the running order would be myself (Mike), Brian, Chip then Natalie. I suited up and strapped into the car. Sitting in the Escort is becoming a familiar experience. Things are pretty comfortable in there. The day was warm, but not super hot. At the given time I rolled off for the pit straight. We had a 15 minute delay due to a timing loop issue, but once that was sorted we rolled off.
We did the required 5 or 10 laps to get everyone underway with a yellow flag out. I was about 5 cars behind the Pinto team that had got Jay and the Judges some amazing bribe gifts. These included a gold flake lemon yellow helmet for Jay. I figured they we be given the green flag first and it turned out I was right. We started in a good spot. The first stint is kind of a blur. With over 100 cars on track I was just trying to keep clear of traffic and to pass some folks. There were a couple of yellows in there for early mechanical issues. I ended up coming in and turning the car over to Brian when one of the cars rolled due to sheared lug bolts.
Brian got in and had a solid stint. He had to ride through a couple of yellows that seem to plague the early parts of these races. There were plenty of local yellows for spins and that kind of thing. We learned that he didn't enjoy the radios as much of the rest of us. Live and learn. Brian also set our fastest lap time during his stint.
Chip was next in. We fueled up the car during this stop. After a couple of laps of learning the car in "race trim" he was setting quick lap times. For the first day of running we were using our old Kuhmo tires that we used for the first race and a good part of the last race. To say that they were heat cycled would be an understated. They had some miles on them. Our plan was to run our new sticky tires on day two when the traffic had thinned out some. The old tire were fun as they were good for a few laps and then went off for a few laps. After about 50 minutes I noticed the Escort pulling into the gravel area behind pit lane. I ran up to Chip to see what was going on as our radios were one way comms only. We couldn't here from the car. Chip said he had been black flagged and was heading to the penalty box.
When he got there I hung close. The judge asked him what happened a couple of times and Chip said he was hit. The judge asked a couple of more times and he said that he had contact with another car. That is what the judge wanted to hear. Chip told him what car he had contact with and the judges said, "Oh, we don't like them. They've been here already." When the other driver walked up he immediately put his hand out to shake Chip's and say he was sorry. Chip did the same. Everyone was cool. While shaking hands the judge told them to keep holding hands as he would be right back. He came back with duct tape and taped their hands together. They were to be punished with the Gay Wedding penalty and they had to run around and get 6 bottles of fruity Gatoraid. I asked if PowerAid was acceptable. When the Judge said yes I was off to raid our fridge of Brian's stash. While I was gone Chip and the other guy found three bottles of Gatoraid and I completed the requirement. We were parked for maybe 10 minutes all together.
LeMons rules require a driver change for a black flag. Natalie was loaded into he car and sent out onto track. Nat had never drove anything that required a helmet. Luckily the track was under yellow when she went out so she had a few minutes to get her bearings. Under green she was smooth and consistent. Most importantly, she drove a clean stint. She also had to sit through a red flag for the Tuna Chuckers Amazon catching fire. We brought her in a bit early, but we were all very happy with her performance.
I was back in the car next and I quickly realized I had a problem. Natalie is a few inches shorter than I am and the seat was adjusted for her. We failed to move it back for me. That meant I drove the entire stint jammed up against the steering wheel. I also couldn't see out of any of the mirrors. Was able adjust the drivers side and the rearview to get most of the visibility back. After about 45 minutes my legs did start getting sore though.
Our normal mode of operation is that the driver stays in for an hour or the next caution, whichever comes first. Well, it turns out that we were in for a long time with no full course yellows. I ended up spending nearly two hours in the cars. We did end up making up nearly 10 places during this stint, so it wasn't all bad.
Brian was in next. Once again he was running strong. We were hanging out by the wall when I saw the car pull into the area behind the pit road. Chip and I ran over and Brian told us he lost all drive and the engine quit. Uh, oh. There was about an hour and a half of running left in the day when we popped the hood to see what happened. After a bunch of thrashing, ably handled mostly by Chip, a high speed run to Columbia for parts by Rachel and I, some great burgers by Brian we eventually found the car was dead for the event. Here is the short version of what out us out; the power steering pump bolts worked loose allowing it to wobble., that chewed up the serpentine belt. When it broke it took out some sensors and wiring on that side of the engine. When we had fixed all that the car still wouldn't start. That is when we found out that the belt breaking also killed the timing belt. We were not ready to deal with that and by the time we found it it was pushing 11 PM. The next day was Sunday and the parts stores would be opening until late. We decided to throw in the towel. It was tough for me to take, but that's racing.
We went to bed at that point. The next day was odd as we didn't need to get up early. We packed up, loaded the car, ate and watched the People's Curse. For the Curse the mob chose the White Lightning RX-7 to go to the guillotine. The car was leading the race. Jay made an appeal that the car be spared as he felt they ran clean and the car was legit. Most of the crowd agreed. We still got to see two dead race cars and one dead race truck shredded for our pleasure. After that we headed out. I think for me the most depressing part of having the car fail was leaving the track while the others were still racing. Yet, my mom was home watching our two year old boy and we felt we needed we rescue her as soon as we could.
As always, the race was a great experience. The level of driving on the track was awfully high. People were clean, but raced hard. I had a number of good battles with various cars. We didn't have much power, but our light weight, great brakes supplied by RaceShopper.com and Hawk Perfrmance Brake Products really helped out. I would like to thank my team of Brian Gailloreto, Chip and Natalie Lewis, Rachel Rennick as well as Natalie's folks Lee and Susan as well as my mom Debbie for providing direct support. Beyond that I want to thank Jay Lamm, Judges Johnny and Murilee and the rest of the LeMons and CMP crew for putting on a great event.
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Photo courtesy of NSERC
University Professor Stephen Cook has been appointed an Officer to the Order of Canada, "For his seminal contributions to theoretical computer science and mathematics, including his contributions to complexity theory."
The Order of Canada is one of our country's highest civilian honours. The order was established in 1967, during Canada's centennial year, to recognize outstanding achievement, dedication to the community and service to the nation. Professor Cook is one of just 11 Officers named to the Order of Canada this year.
This new honour adds to Professor Cook's numerous recognitions. He was awarded the ACM Turing Award – known as the Nobel Prize for computer science. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and the Royal Society of London, and is a member of the Order of Ontario, National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Gottingen Academy of Sciences. He has been a recipient of the Canada Council Izaak Walton Killam Memorial Prize, the CRM-Fields Prize, the Royal Society of Canada John L. Synge Award, the NSERC Award of Excellence and the NSERC Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering for sustained research excellence and influence which has substantially advanced the field of computer science. His inquiries are now among the essential theoretical results that all computer science graduates must understand.
Recipients will be invited to accept their insignia at a ceremony to be held at a later date.
Read more at U of T News
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The Acrostic Poem
Susan Post
Creating an acrostic poem can be helpful in learning spring wildflowers. Many times when I visit an area or want to write about an organism, but have difficulty beginning, I create an acrostic poem. An acrostic poem is a free verse poem in which the first letter (or the last letter of the line) taken in order, form a word or phrase, that is the subject of the poem. The acrostic can be merely a list with a different item on each line, or it can be a sentence or two that continues through the poem. It can even be a combination of these two possibilities.
To begin, write the name of what you want to write about in capital letters going vertically down the left side of your paper. Then start building a poem about the subject with words that begin with each letter. Since the first word of each line has to start with a particular letter, the acrostic form can inspire you to discover new possibilities in your subject as you proceed from line to line. The letter at the beginning of each line may direct your imagination in surprising ways. Your notes and observations about an organism or an area will come in handy, as the acrostic should be factual. Feel free to look up further information in a field guide or nature book, and don't forget the thesaurus or dictionary, as the first letter of each line must come from the title or subject. In addition to writing about the subject, you will be learning facts about it. Warning: It is hard to stop at writing just one, and playing with the acrostic form can be quite addictive!
By Susan Post
Underneath the canopy
Venturing out in spring
Underground roots send up a sturdy shoot
Leaves and lemon-colored flowers
Appear to dangle to and fro
Redbud and violets, may apple, and trilliums
Intermix on the forest floor
Aaah, in spring the Uvularia blooms!
Shooting Star
By Patty Dickerson
Shooting stars
Hot pinks and white
Observed in spring
Open woods and prairies
Three species are native to
Nodding their heads as if saying
Streaks across
The ground, not the sky
Snow Trillium
By Le Ann Benner
Smiles up from the ground
Never frowns
White blossoms
Treasure of spring
Rises through the dried leaves
Ingores the cold
Linear yellow stamens
Lovely to look at
Instrument of happiness
Uniform plant
Makes me smile


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Don't let planning your wedding turn you into Bridezilla. Stay composed and unruffled with some yoga.
Yoga is a great form of exercise that creates a harmony between your body, mind and spirit. It is also an excellent way to attain relaxation and relieve stress. For this reason, yoga is great to practice when preparing for your wedding day.
Soothe your mind and body, release anxieties and find a quiet space within yourself when all the matrimonial planning is making you crazy.
You'll stretch and tone the body while getting out any kinks that might have built up and believe me, those whom have planned a wedding know about those constant kinks!
You'll learn techniques to keep you calm, cool and totally collected, so you can float down the aisle with both feet firmly planted on the ground.
And why should you be the only one basking in the bliss of harmony, bring your fiancée along. He'll need some relief from stress, too.
The happy couple could try "Bride and Groom Yoga", the name given by yoga instructor, Ricki Grater LCSW, ADTR who has been practicing yoga for almost 20 years. She creatively combines yoga practices from various schools (Hatha, Anusara, Vinyasa, and Kundalini) with meditation and breathing exercises.
As a couple, Bride and Groom Yoga will teach you how to support, stretch, strengthen and balance together. This is a practice of awakening, leading to a deeper understanding of yourself and a more personal connection with your fiancée. This is a practice of giving and receiving, trusting yourself and trusting your partner, but most of all having fun together!
Learn hands-on assists to support and deepen the experience with your future spouse, as well as help each other relax and release into a deeper state of trust and well-being. The support of another allows a profound letting go that we may not find in our personal practice. This is a fantastic way to grow closer and create a balance in your relationship outside of the practice.
Another great and fun way to enjoy yoga is with your bridal party yoga session. This is such a great way to bond with your friends and family, at the same time giving them a wonderful gift they will benefit from long after the wedding is over.
Need a little mind, body and spirit boost before the nuptials? Be a harmonious bride and groom try any or all of the bridal yoga packages and
Yoga for the Bride:
[b] Treat yourself to an hour and a half of yoga. No prior yoga experience is necessary.
Yoga Studio is on 26th and Broadway in Manhattan.
Hour and half session: $140/Package of 4 sessions: $540
Home and Office visits are also available
Please visit [url=http://www.Shantispace.com]www.Shantispace.com[/url] to learn more about Ricki and her many offerings.[/b]


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The Packers head coach commented on his starting right guard in advance of the NFC Championship game.
The Packers guards reportedly returned to practice on Thursday after sitting out the previous day.
Josh Sitton, David Bakhtiari, T.J. Lang and Don Barclay all appear in the trailer for the upcoming movie.
Meanwhile, Josh Sitton reportedly remained out as the Packers practiced on Thursday.
Despite all being listed as "questionable" on the Green Bay Packers injury report, offensive linemen Josh Sitton and T.J. Lang and safety Morgan...
The Packers' starting guards were both listed as questionable on the team's injury report on Friday.
The Packers will put their starting guards through a workout on Friday to test the progress of their rehab.
The head coach of the Packers answered several questions about his guards on Thursday.
Neither of the Packers' starting guards practiced on Thursday in Green Bay.
Sitton will be listed on the team's injury report when it is released on Thursday.
Neither Josh Sitton nor T.J. Lang reportedly practiced on Wednesday.
Packers coach Mike McCarthy said he'd share more information on Lang's injury on Wednesday.
According to a report, the Packers offensive lineman didn't suffer any structural damage.
Mike McCarthy will have an update during his press conference on Monday at 4:15 p.m. CT.
Offensive lineman T.J. Lang reportedly returned to practice, while fellow offensive lineman Jordan McCray didn't take part.
Cornerback Casey Hayward and offensive lineman T.J. Lang exited practice on Tuesday.
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- Systematic Review Protocol
- Open Access
The socioeconomic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic map protocol
- Paolo Omar Cerutti1Email author,
- Phosiso Sola1Email author,
- Audrey Chenevoy2,
- Miyuki Iiyama2,
- Jummai Yila3,
- Wen Zhou1,
- Houria Djoudi1,
- Richard Eba'a Atyi1,
- Denis Jean Gautier1, 4,
- Davison Gumbo1,
- Yannick Kuehl5,
- Patrice Levang1, 6,
- Christopher Martius1,
- Robin Matthews7,
- Robert Nasi1,
- Henry Neufeldt2,
- Mary Njenga2,
- Gillian Petrokofsky8,
- Matthew Saunders7,
- Gill Shepherd9,
- Denis Jean Sonwa1,
- Cecilia Sundberg10 and
- Meine van Noordwijk2
© Cerutti et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015
- Received: 1 December 2014
- Accepted: 30 March 2015
- Published: 1 June 2015
The vast majority of households in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) depend on wood energy—comprising firewood and charcoal—for their daily energetic needs. Such consumption trends are expected to remain a common feature of SSA's wood energy production and supply chains, at least in the short- to medium-terms. Notwithstanding its importance, wood energy generally has low priority in SSA national policies. However, the use of wood energy is often considered a key driver of unsustainable management and negative environmental consequences in the humid and dry forests.
To date, unsystematic assessments of the socio-economic and environmental consequences of wood energy use have underplayed its significance, thus further hampering policy debates. Therefore, a more balanced approach which considers both demand and supply dynamics is needed. This systematic map aims at providing a comprehensive approach to understanding the role and impacts of wood energy across all regions and aspects in SSA.
The objective of this systematic map is to collate evidence from studies of environmental and socio-economic impacts of wood energy value chains, by considering both demand and supply within SSA. The map questions are framed using a Populations, Exposure, Comparators and Outcomes (PECO) approach. We name the supply and demand of wood energy as the "exposure," composed of wood energy production, harvesting, processing, and consumption. The populations of interest include both the actors involved in these activities and the forest sites where these activities occur. The comparator is defined as those cases where the same wood energy activities occur with i) available/accessible alternative energy sources, ii) regulatory frameworks that govern the sector and iii) alternative technologies for efficient use. The outcomes of interest encompass both socioeconomic and environmental impacts that can affect more than the populations named above. For instance, in addition to the direct socioeconomic impacts felt by participants in the wood energy value chain, forest dwellers may experience livelihood changes due to forest degradation caused by external harvesters. Moreover, intensified deforestation in one area may concurrently lead to forest regeneration in another.
- Wood energy
- Woodfuel
- Charcoal
- Firewood
- Value chains
- Forests
- Woodlands
- Sub-Saharan Africa
Global energy demand is projected to increase rapidly in coming years, with population growth and lifestyle changes in developing economies placing ever greater demand on current energy supply grids. This may be particularly true for Africa, where economic development can be directly linked to energy demand: a 1% growth in GDP is projected to require 0.55% increase in energy production [1]. Moreover, Africa constitutes approximately 13% of the world population but consumed only 5.6% of the global energy supply as of 2001 (the latest data available) [2]. Therefore, it is expected that African per-capita energy use (ca. 41% of the global average) is likely to increase with growing trade, changing lifestyles and improving infrastructure [2].
The number of individuals relying on traditional biomass (millions) as primary source of energy for cooking
2009 (Actual)
Share of populations on biomass (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa
Developing Asia
Other Asia
Latin America
Developing Countries*
Africa in % of World
Notwithstanding the importance of wood energy for household energy consumption and livelihoods, biomass energy generally has low priority in SSA national policies [7,19]. In fact, the wood energy sector tends to be "indirectly" regulated by a multitude of other sectors (e.g. the forestry codes, energy and land tenure laws). Those regulatory frameworks are indeed important, but the involvement of multiple agencies and ministries leads to overlapping and the unclear division of responsibilities as well as competing taxation [20,21]. Hence, wood energy policies end up having limited scope, regulatory gaps and inconsistencies, weak implementation, and they largely focus on regulatory measures instead of fostering investments for sustainable management of the sector [20,22]. The lack of adapted regulations and implementation also leads to i) states not benefiting from what would be one of the most important sectors in a large number of SSA countries, and ii) numerous forms of informal payments such as bribes, discretionary road charges, etc.
As wood energy can be derived from natural forests, grown in plantations or from integrated on-farm production systems, its production and use is also part of the discourse about the sustainable management of SSA's dry forests and woodlands. Historically, research has focused on analyses of rates and drivers of deforestation linked to wood energy production (such as charcoal), often considered a key driver of unsustainable use in humid and dry forests [23-26]. The environmental impacts of potential technological and policy innovations as well as future wood energy demand have also been assessed [27,28]. The overarching conclusions of this work, and the narrative partly derived from them, are that wood energy production often has negative consequences for the environment, especially in "depletion hotspots" concentrated in South Asia and East Africa [29], although there is generally a failure to distinguish between market-oriented, intensive and destructive collection, and the far less devastating impacts of rural collection for local consumption [26,30].
Objective of the review
Primary question
What are the socio-economic and environmental impacts of wood energy value chains in SSA?
Secondary questions
What are the socio-economic and environmental impacts in SSA of wood energy supply under varying regulatory frameworks?
What are the socio-economic and environmental impacts in SSA of wood energy demand under varying regulatory frameworks?
We define "wood energy" as firewood and charcoal in this systematic map.
PECO elements of the systematic map question
Forests, woodlands, and shrublands (natural or planted), or farmlands, agroforests or landscapes consisting of the mixtures of those that supply firewood and charcoal in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (see Additional file 1 for list of SSA countries)
Production, collecting, harvesting, processing, trading and consumption of wood energy
Before or without wood energy production, collection, harvesting, processing, trading or consumption activities
Environmental impacts, including deforestation, forest degradation, forest regeneration, and other changes in tree cover; secondary impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration/carbon stocks, and non-carbon ecosystem services, water flow, erosion/sedimentation, biodiversity
Formal and informal regulatory frameworks that govern wood energy production, collection, harvesting, processing, trading and consumption activities, which include tenure systems, trade, energy, environmental laws and regulations.
Wood energy value chain participants (as specific economic groups): collectors, producers, traders, intermediate and final consumers in SSA
(Note: Production practices can include managed coppice systems, plantation forestry, assisted natural regeneration, and agroforestry)
Before or without substitute or alternative technologies (kilns and cookstoves) that affect demand/supply of wood energy
Socio-economic impacts on wood energy value chain participants, such as changes in employment, assets, income, household pollution, health, based on indicators listed in [34]
Search strategy
The search strategy for this review aims to retrieve results of both high sensitivity and high specificity to the review question [33]. Defining searches of high specificity, or those that find a larger proportion of relevant studies within search results, without sacrificing the comprehensiveness allowed by broader searches of lower sensitivity, was facilitated by the repeated testing of search strings in the databases Web of Science (WOS) and CAB Abstracts to determine the effects of including or excluding specific words and phrases. Search strings were composed of population, exposure, and location terms derived from the PECOs in section 2, and combined using the following Boolean operators:
(P1 OR P2 OR P3 …) AND (E1 OR E2 OR E3 …) AND (L1 OR L2 OR L3 …), where P stands for population, E for exposure, and L for location terms.
For sources other than the three bibliographic databases, should any individual search yield >10,000 records, outcome terms will be added to the search string to further refine results. Where search engines do not support the use of Boolean operators, we will conduct simplified searches using key population, exposure, and location terms, as well as apply relevant topic filters where available. These will be fully documented for source. The full list of population, exposure, location, and outcome terms can be found in Additional file 1.
Sources of literature
Web of Science (Thomson Reuters)
CAB Abstracts
Scopus (Elsevier)
Oxford Radcliffe Science library (focus on specialist collection of the former Oxford Forestry Institute)
International Information System for Agricultural Science and Technology (Agris), Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [34]
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) [35]
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) [36]
The World Bank [37]
Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers Library [38]
Internet search engines
Google Scholar (only the first 500 hits) [39]
Grey literature
Discussions with subject experts indicated the presence of significant archives of grey literature that would be valuable for inclusion. Some of these will be retrieved from institutional searching (see above). However, in order to capture published and grey literature that may not have been indexed electronically either in the bibliographic databases or institutional databases and website, we will contact subject specialists for additional peer-reviewed and grey literature that they believe to be relevant to answering the review question. A hand-search of the forestry collections of the Bodleian library at the University of Oxford will also be conducted with the help of specialist librariansa.
Search languages
Searches will be conducted in English. French, Spanish, and Portuguese will be used to search for relevant studies in Google Scholar.
Estimating the comprehensiveness of the search
Initial scoping searches performed on CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, and Scopus yielded c. 5000 potentially relevant studies. Comprehensiveness of the search in the three bibliographic databases will be checked against a reference set of papers of high relevance to the systematic map questions. Searches will be refined until at least 90% of the reference studies are retrieved.
Publication bias
Potential publication biases will be addressed by comparing study results from peer-reviewed journals with those from the grey literature [40].
Study inclusion criteria
Eligibility criteria are defined in Table 2, and will be applied at the title, abstract and full text screening stages to identify relevant studies for the review and exclude ineligible studies. The main selection rule is to include a study if it meets at least one condition in each of population, exposure, comparator, and outcome criteria. Where relevant comparators are lacking, a study will nonetheless be initially included if it presents relevant outcomes that could help better formulate policy options.
Studies will be excluded if they examine demand for wood energy from outside SSA that is not linked to supply within SSA, if they study other sources of energy or technologies but does not target relevant populations or outcomes as defined above, or if they are review or referencing papers that do not also contain primary data.
Potential effect modifiers and sources of heterogeneity
Temporal and spatial scale
Human population density at local and market-shed scale
GDP, population growth
Surrounding landscape
Type of management (large-scale, industrial vs. smallholders)
Road infrastructure/network
Travel distance/time to next market
Level of urbanisation and proximity to urban centres
Type and scale of economic activities
Forest policy framework (categories used, recognition of agroforestry)
Long-term climate change and risk of extreme climatic events
Study screening
POC, PS, MI, WZ, DGa, and DGu will take part in the study screening process. First, the reviewers will check all retrieved hits for relevance based on titles. Following the first screening, abstracts of the included articles will be read to further determine the suitability of the articles for the review. The included articles will be read in full to determine their suitability for the review. At the beginning of each screening phase, kappa analysis will be undertaken on a sample of 50 articles to ensure that study inclusion criteria are applied consistently. Should the kappa statistic fall below a satisfactory level of agreement (0.70), additional rounds of pilot screening will be conducted until the kappa statistic reaches 0.70 or higher. In cases where reviewers make opposing decisions with regard to inclusion or exclusion of a particular article, a group decision will be made following discussions to reach a consensus.
Study quality assessment
Studies identified within included articles will be assessed according to the quality assessment criteria by the review team. We recognise the potential for quality assessment to be somewhat subjective because of the breadth of our review question. In order to minimise subjectivity, an initial set of ten studies will be assessed to determine inter-reviewer agreement on the application of the quality criteria. These criteria include the relevance, reporting standard and experimental design of each study, used to assess susceptibility to bias and rigor of reporting; these criteria are further detailed below. Two reviewers from the review team will appraise the quality of all included studies and where discrepancies exist on the application of the assessment criteria, they will be harmonized by the team of reviewers.
Clarity of study site selection criteria – Is the choice of study site selection clear and justified? This decision will be based on the explanations provided by study authors regarding a study site's relevance in answering research questions, and is particularly important for the selection of case and control sites in terms of their comparability.
Sources of data – Are the sources of data reliable, complete and available in the article? The reliability of data will be assessed based on the authors' acknowledgement of potential biases and if triangulation is performed to ascertain research results.
Methods – Are methods clear and replicable? Is the sampling frequency, duration of study, and sample size (e.g. extrapolations, generalizations) appropriate for answering the question(s) posed by the study?
Study design – Is the study design clearly reported: Before-After (single time or time series), Control–Impact, Before-After-Control–impact, asymmetrical designs (multiple controls for which the data are not paired in time.
We will test these quality criteria on key references, which will then be refined further during the process of data extraction and in consultation with the advisory group.
Data extraction and presentation
Data to be included in the systematic map database
Nature of evidence
Sources of evidence (journal types and subjects, grey literature)
Type of study (socio economic, environmental)
Representativeness and coverage of evidence
Geographic coverage (scope, location, scale)
Focus (firewood, charcoal, other related energy sources)
Populations (value chain participants, including sample sizes, gender, and land tenure; forests, including sample sizes, forest type, and agro-ecological zone)
Measure of changes/ impacts
Nature of outcomes reported (increase, decrease, no change/neutral) for the following indicators:
Socio-economic outcomes (income, employment, asset, equity, costs, profit)
Environmental outcomes (deforestation, forest area, degradation, biodiversity, C stocks regeneration, ecosystem services)
List of outcomes that are not comparative in nature, but relevant to answer the review questions
Regulatory framework described (trade, energy, environment)
Where insufficient data are provided, we will contact authors to acquire additional data. To present the evidence base, we will provide a databaseb and supporting narrative of all the relevant articles that have been reviewed, summarising and presenting descriptive statistics in tables, graphs and charts on quantity, type, focus, study location, and target population of reviewed articles. We will further conduct descriptive analysis on outcomes as they relate to the target population.
The results of the systematic map will be published as a CEE Systematic Map with an associated searchable database as well as summarised in a CIFOR policy brief. We will also endeavour to present the outcomes of the map at relevant forums/conferences, and to disseminate results through the advisory group and relevant working groups to inform decision makers in government, civil society, and research and development organisations.
aThe Bodleian library was an international repository of forestry literature following the creation of the Imperial (later Oxford) Forestry Institute, with a focus on tropical forestry and silviculture, and is therefore considered to be an important source of grey literature http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/science/resources/ofis.
bAn MSAccess© database will be provided.
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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


text: On Fri, 2009-11-06 at 09:22 -0500, Ben Damon wrote: > This happened to me after updating to 5.4 as well. Except mine have > not come back. My OpenVPN configuration has been used for a couple > years. > > This is what I am seeing in the log. > > TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds > (check your network connectivity) > TLS Error: TLS handshake failed > May seem like a dumb question but... Are the ports that your server is using open in iptables? Is your config file still the same as it was pre-upgrade? -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: signature.asc Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 197 bytes Desc: This is a digitally signed message part URL: <http://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos/attachments/20091106/f7d6a29c/attachment.sig>


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Ladies, if you had your heart set on catching Ryan Lochte's eye, you may need to reevaluate your strategy for landing the biggest catch at the London Olympics.
As his mother, Ike, explained to "Today" this week, Ryan doesn't have time to get involved in relationships. He's more of a love 'em and leave 'em type.
[Photos: Ryan Lochte's Grill of Victory]
"He goes out on one-night stands," Ike said during an interview. "He's not able to give fully to a relationship because he's always on the go."
You hear that ladies? Ryan rounds the bases on opening day. He wins gold in the heats. If forgetting your name was an Olympic sport, he'd have more medals than Michael Phelps. Or something like that.
[Related: Lochte and Phelps to face off for final time]
Either Lochte and his mom are super-close and she knows way too much about his love life, or Mrs. Lochte has fallen victim to the oft-hilarious "mom slang," where she means something else than the current usage. In this case, rather than speaking carnally, Mrs. Lochte could be saying Lochte goes out on a lot of one-night dates and doesn't have time to pursue a relationship. This may be the sort of quote that's lost in translation, like when my mom used to ask me on a Friday night whether I was going to "hook up with my friends."
Lochte was linked earlier in the Olympic to Australian swimmer Blair Evans. Aussie tabloids reported the pair was seen "cozying up" to each other.
Fret not though, Olympic viewers who already have names for the kids you're going to have with Lochte. He'll settle down with a woman one day, Ike said. Who will she be?
"They have to be a family-loving person that could stand have a large, crazy family," she told CNN's Piers Morgan. "And just be real to themselves."
More Olympics coverage on Yahoo! Sports:


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Wipro, India's third-largest IT services exporter, saw its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) fall by more than 4 percent on American stock exchanges on Thursday after it declared its fourth quarter results on Wednesday evening. In sharp contrast, ADRs of its rival Infosys had risen more than 8 percent after its upbeat results for the fourth quarter ended March 2016 and higher guidance for the financial year 2016-17 last week.
Wipro ADRs declined 4.63 percent to close $12.36 apiece on both Nasdaq and NYSE. The company had reported a marginal decline of 1.6 percent in its fourth quarter net profit to Rs. 2,235 crore ($337 million).
The company also announced its decision to buy back 40 million shares at Rs. 625 apiece. The Azim Premji-controlled company has a skewed shareholding pattern, with promoters and promoter groups holding about 74 percent of the equity capital.
On Thursday, the Wipro stock plunged more than 7 percent on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in reaction to its downbeat results.
In comparison, ADRs of Infosys, India's second-largest IT services exporter, rose 8.4 percent on the Nasdaq. On Indian stock exchanges, the Infosys stock rose to an all-time high of Rs. 1,267 crore on Monday, the first trading day after the company declared its results the previous week.
The Bengaluru-based company's Q4 net profit was up 16.2 percent on a year-on-year basis to Rs. 3,597 crore. It also raised its 2016-17 revenue guidance to 11.5-13.5 percent in constant currency terms, from 12.8-13.2 percent in the previous fiscal.
On Friday, the Wipro stock was trading 0.34 percent lower at Rs. 557.30 at around 1.40 p.m. on the BSE, while Infosys was down close to 1 percent at Rs. 1,215.50. The TCS stock was down 0.35 percent.
The S&P BSE Information Technology index was at 11,356.23, a fall of 0.48 percent.


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For tourism operators
About the National Landscapes Program
Australia's National Landscapes Program focuses on developing high quality ecotourism products and was established to promote iconic landscapes, areas of natural beauty and historical significance throughout 16 landscapes across Australia.
Since the end of 2014, Ecotourism Australia has administered the National Landscapes Program on behalf of all invested National landscape stakeholders.
Australia's Green Cauldron is the conduit to the National Landscapes Program, which local tourism operators can link to and align with in order to advance their respective product experiences. It provides a unique and significant opportunity to facilitate cross-border relationships and bring together a collective of key industry organisations and agencies who are committed to developing state, regional and local tourism sectors.
For more information about the Program, download the Australia's National Landscapes brochure.
Why should you align your business with Australia's Green Cauldron and Australia's National Landscapes Program?
Australia's Green Cauldron provides operators in the tourism and conservation industry a platform to engage with and elevate their unique natural, cultural or adventure experience to the international tourist market.
It provides those nature-based or tourism-related businesses who wish to be involved with the program and who are committed to promoting the National Landscape with useful tools and resources that can be used to enhance, develop and promote both your business and your region and in association with Australia's Green Cauldron, gain exposure via the Federal Government's National Landscapes Program.
It's about how you, your business and your entire community connect with this unique landscape. The more people who are (directly or indirectly) involvement with promoting this program, the quicker your target audience will understand what it is that makes your landscape and the experiences offered within it, so unique and a "must-do" on their list.
If you are interested in learning more and becoming involved in this national tourism and conservation program get in touch with us now.
Each and every visitor to Australia's Green Cauldron will leave inspired and touched by their experience of our region's world-class rainforest, surfing and marine opportunities, its spiritual values, cultural connections, creative communities and sustainable lifestyles.
Our Values – How we want Australia's Green Cauldron to develop as a destination:
- We want to be front-of-mind for nature-based experiences in Australia
- It is critical that we are known for the right things – conservation, our cultural connections, environmental ethic
- We do not want to see inappropriate development wreck our landscape and our future – we want to see the environment protected and enhanced for future generations
- We want a balanced approach between tourism, lifestyle and conservation
- We want to retain our lifestyle, our character and our sense of place.
- The destination offering high quality, seamless experiences and consistent customer service
- We need the whole community to understand Australia's Green Cauldron, what it offers for visitors and commit to delivering this.


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At today's meeting I volunteered to make WART generate EARL (perhaps WART will ooze EARL rather than generate it...who knows...we can have a lot of fun with these acronyms...). First of all, what about the name? As fond as I am of "WART" it stands for "Web Accessibility Report Tool" and EARL is more than that. How about "Conformance Report Tool" (acronym collision with CRT!) or EARL Report Tool or ... suggestions? For now, I'll call it WART since that's more fun. Perhaps it will just stand for, "Whatever. Anything Report Tool." Regardless, I have created a plan page for it with a lovely photo of a wart hog at: http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/WART/plan.html Let me know what you think, --wendy -- wendy a chisholm world wide web consortium web accessibility initiative seattle, wa usa tel: +1 206.706.5263 /--Received on Monday, 2 July 2001 16:20:45 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 6 January 2015 21:01:32 UTC


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Website Design & Digital Marketing Consultant in West Michigan
Your online marketing strategy is not going to return the results you need unless you have all the pieces in place. Deerpath Web Design is a local West Michigan Digital Marketing Consultant that can help your small business create an effective website and a create digital marketing plan to achieve your online goals.
Digital Marketing
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Deerpath Web Design takes a "holistic" approach to digital marketing, understanding that a professional website is just the beginning of an effective online marketing strategy. Our goal is to help local small businesses grow their customer base through effective digital marketing strategies. Improve your online impact today!
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An effective website is more than just a "pretty face." Although presentation plays an important role in customer conversion, there are other factors that make up a quality website. From basic website packages to large custom-designed websites, we have affordable website solutions for getting your small business established online.
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Are Customers Finding You Online?
Content is the single most important factor of your online presence. But it is not just about optimizing your website content any more. Effective SEO practices must include creating "off-page" content that appeals to people and search engines through a variety of online channels that you may or may not know exist. Boost your search engine rankings today!
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Website security is a major issue when determining the success of small business websites. The truth is that the majority of websites are extremely vulnerable to being hacked. While no website is "hack-proof," we can help protect your small business website against being compromised. Find out how to secure your website today.


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IAF Recruitment 2017, Apply for Commissioned Officer Posts. Indian Air Force (IAF) has imparted a notification to enroll Indian citizens for the courses starting in July 2017 under Meteorology branch. The selected candidates will work as Commissioned Officers in IAF, on Permanent/ Short Service Commission. The Permanent service commission is assigned for men and Short service commission is for male and female.
Post Graduation in relevant streams is the eligible qualification. Individuals attending the final semester exams can also apply, if eligible (as per rules). Persons applying below 25 years should be unmarried and during training period marriage is not allowed.
IAF Recruitment 2017:
He/ She selected as short service commission officers will work in IAF for a period of 10 years or extendable for 4 more years as per availability and requirements. The training will be held in Air Force Training Establishments with duration of 52 weeks. Eligible aspirants can forward their applications through appropriate channel. The eligibility criteria and guidelines for applying are given below.
|Indian Air Force (IAF)
|Commissioned Officers
|Vacancy Nos
|Last Date
|PG Degree
Qualifications Required for Commissioned Officer Posts:
Individuals applying for IAF vacancies must have completed PG Degree (Science stream/ Mathematics/ Statistics/ Geography/ Computer Applications/ Environmental Science/ Applied Physics/ Oceanography/ Meteorology/ Agricultural Meteorology/ Ecology & Environment/ Geo-physics/ Environmental Biology) with 50% marks from recognized university.
Physical Standards for IAF Recruitment 2017:
To apply for IAF Recruitment 2016, men should have a minimum height of 157.5 cm and women should possess 152 cm.
IAF Recruitment 2016 Age Limits:
The minimum age limit to apply for Commissioned Officer vacancies is 20 years. The upper age limit of applicants should not exceed 26 years. Maximum age is calculated as on July 1, 2017.
Selection Process of IAF Commissioned Officers:
The selection process of IAF Commissioned Officer posts consists of 2 stages. The received applications will be shortlisted by concerned authorities, to call eligible candidates for selection process. Stage – 1 consists of Intelligence Test, to screen the undesirable applicants. Individuals qualifying in screening test will be permitted to attend the stage -2 process of selection.
Psychological exam, Group Test and Interview will be conducted for Stage – II selection process. While appearing for Interview process, bring valid photo ID with you. Also, Medical Examination is done for candidates qualifying in these stages of selection. Only candidates those who are declared as medically fit by Air Force Medical Authorities will get selected.
Selection Boards of IAF:
The initially shortlisted aspirants (based on applications) will be invited to attend the selection process in any of the Air Force Selection Boards at Dehradun, Mysore, Gandhinagar, Varanasi or Kancharapara, as per IAF rules.
Remuneration of Commissioned Officers:
The hired aspirants will be offered with a monthly salary of Rs.15600 – 39100/-, for flying Commissioned Officers. In addition to this, they will get Grade Pay, Military Service Pay, Dearness Allowance, Insurance, Kit Maintenance Allowance, Transport Allowance, etc. as per nature of duty and place of posting.
After training, he/ she selected for Commissioned Flying Officer posts will receive a gross salary of Rs.66738/- (including TA of major cities).
IAF Recruitment 2016 Applying Procedure:
The application format is given in IAF official website. Download and fill the application form with relevant details. Tag necessary attested copies of certificates with form and enclose it in an envelope. A self-addressed envelope of size 23 X 10 cm affixing a postal stamp of Rs.27/- and 2 unattested pass-port size photographs (as in application form) should also be attached.
Super – scribe the cover as "Application for Meteorology Branch Courses Commencing in July 2017". These documents should be submitted through Ordinary Post to "Post Bag No.001, Nirman Bhawan Post Office, New Delhi – 110 106" before last date. Serving Air Warrior candidates must apply in service format as given in AFO 11/ 2015, through service channel.
Official Notification:
|Click here
IAF Recruitment Dates to Remember:
|Beginning date for application submission
|June 18, 2016
|Closing date for receipt of application form and other documents
|July 16, 2016
|Last date of application submission, for candidates applying from abroad.
|July 23, 2016


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$issue = 'Wisdom & Knowing, December 2006 — March 2007'; $articlecss = 'css/reviews.css'; $keywords = ''; $description = 'A collection of inspiring poetry, art and literature written for women. Moondance e-zine has opinions, columns, fiction, writing, song and story, inspirational art and fine poetry.'; $title = 'The Din in the Head, written by: Cynthia Ozick, Reviewed by Lys Anzia - December 2006 - March 2007'; include INCDIR.'/header_content.inc'; ?>
What do Susan Sontag, Helen Keller, Saul Bellow, the Muslim Student's Association, and 14th Century Kabala all have in common?
Why it's Cynthia Ozick of course.
In a new collection of essays by Houghton Mifflin, Ozick's new work The Din in the Head is a full buffet of topics, portraits, and musings on the famous and the not so famous.
Starting with her unapologetic yet sympathetic portrait of Susan Sontag, Ozick says, "She left a memorable and mottled trail." Describing how Sontag "dominated any room," Ozick pins the tail on the donkey of Sontag's discord.
Surprisingly we find out that Sontag's book The Benefactor has today, after Sontag's death, no beneficiaries. In shocking style Sontag has left her work to the American culture at large to what Ozick deftly describes as the "modernist fracture" of today's world. After all, as the New York Times remarked in their obit for the goddess of high culture, Sontag was a person who could believably link Patti Smith and Nietzsche together in one breath.
"I did not know who Patti Smith was," said Cynthia Ozick with her essayist self-disclosed determination. "Here was Sontag herself, unembarrassed, undisgraced... As if a movie were being run in reverse," added Ozick.
Ozick's "words are used sparingly, yet they are chosen for everyone to admire," said the Times Literary Review on Cynthia Ozick in July 1999. It's with the precision of a stone mason that Ozick delivers each of her well-crafted words.
I have been brought to the searing honesty of Cynthia Ozick's work in The Din in the Head to remember my own meeting with Susan Sontag when I, too, lived in New York in 1985. Back then, I was only a fledgling writer-waitress working in a breakfast cafe that Sontag frequented often on the edge of Greenwich Village.
Bringing Susan her eggs, toast, and coffee, then, morning after morning I understand now and agree clearly with Ozick's assertions that Sontag was indeed "the tone of the times." During those breakfast days on my efforts I heard Susan speaking in at least four different languages. I served her coffee as I longed to take off my waitress apron and sit down at the table with Susan (Rosenblatt) Sontag to discuss the true meaning of photography, film, culture, and life.
"The life of the mind was for her something both rigorous and passionate," says Ozick of Sontag in The Din in the Head.
It's not so hard to prove that Ozick too has her own grand passions and her own rigorous mind.
Born April 17, 1928, from immigrant Litvak (Lithuanian) Jewish parents, Cynthia Ozick began life as an extra curious, brainy, skinny, myopic, knobby-kneed young girl raised in a northeast Bronx borough of New York City in the 1930s to a family surrounded by an atmosphere of rational Talmudic scholarship. Since her first novel "Trust" landed on the public fields in America in 1966, Cynthia's style as a writer has grown ever since in unending leaps and bounds.
"Everybody inherits a past. And it glimmers either happily or miserably," said Ozick in a 2004 Robert Birnbaum interview for The Morning News.
Ozick is a vast encyclopedia of knowledge.
In The Din in the Head she reflects on Mary McCarthy and Hannah Arendt's pro and con assertions on anti-Semitism or Norman Mailer's masculine (my word) "noisy, nasty, competitive display of put downs" (Cynthia Ozick's words) in Mailer's book Advertisements for Myself.
"Writers shouldn't be mistaken for priests, it goes without saying," says Cynthia with a wink. But Ozick goes on to say too, "Readers are not the same as audiences, and the structure of the novel is not the same as a lingerie advertisement."
So goes the American literary tradition.
So goes every American writer's literary success on the back of Oprah Winfrey's monthly book choice.
I agree with Cynthia Ozick in The Din in the Head that the golden days of literature may be completely gone forever now. But what about "the free precincts of the novel?" asks Ozick. "If Melville lived among us, would he dare to grapple with the mammoth rhapsody that is Moby Dick?"
Ozick attempts to answer this as she goes on. "Life—the inner life—is not in the production of story lines alone, or (where) movies would suffice. (Is it in) The micro-universe of the modem?"
"Never mind," adds Cynthia as she covers her cynical territory on humanity and the machine.
"The din in our heads, that relentless inward hum of fragility and hope and transcendence and dread—where, in an age of machines addressing crowds, and crowds mad for machines, can it be found," adds Ozick on the current state of modern living.
It's ultimately undecided who or what will sway our culture to its ultimate demise.
As Ozick mentions Azar Nafasi, author of the book Reading Lolita in Tehran, she examines Nafasi's searing insights as "maps and weapons" against the censored bastions of Nafasi's home country of Iran. Nafasi's educated doctorate in literature has provided, as Ozick coins, "the weapons" where "Lolita, The Great Gatsby, Daisy Miller, Pride and Prejudice and also A Thousand and One Nights," all banned in Iran, stand as a reminder of the true and enduring strength of knowledge and the human mind.
Known today as the true voice of New York, Ozick takes to the task seriously, but to this she must add the sly laughter of the generations before her. Born clearly in the wrong century, Cynthia Ozick has been known to obsess about the past, especially about the writer Henry James.
As The Din in the Head shares what Cynthia calls her (Unfortunate) Interview with Henry James, Ozick begins her parody. As Henry James adds his comments sharply from the beginning.
Who James calls "the lady from the magazine," his interviewer come calling, is obviously his nemesis.
"A lady? I was rather expecting a gentleman," says James in the interview.
"I gather you intend to inhibit my line of questioning," answers "the lady" as she continues to dig at the motives and actions of the nineteenth-century's most well-known intellectual.
There is only one answer. Henry James replies giving strict direction to his house butler Mr. Noakes. "Noakes will you be good enough to escort our visitor to the door?"
"I cannot say that all the essays in this book are unified by a single theme, though I suppose (like the ass straining to keep up with the ox) I could laboriously invent one for the occasion," said Ozick on The Din in the Head.
It's true that Cynthia offers us the madness of association in her ramblings. But the ramblings themselves unify our own discord. What Ozick calls "the tumult of answering" is only our own heart exiled and then harshly turned in against itself.
Lys Anzia, is assistant book reviews editor for Moondance magazine. As 2006 nominee for the Pushcart Prize, Lys currently writes news articles through Women News Network for WUNRN - Women's UN Report Network, UN-INSTRAW, NewWest magazine, ProgressNow, SquareState and ColoradoPols magazine. Dedicated to help in the fight for women's rights around the globe Lys is also a producer for international radio syndicate WINGS - Women's International News Gathering Service. In 2003, she was picked as creative affiliate in poetry by UNESCO for poetry contributions to OtherVoices International, (Sam Hamill's) Poets Against War, BluePrint Review among others. Working for over fifteen years as an American historic dramatist Lys is also an honorarium recipient of the City of Boulder, Colorado-Boulder Library Foundation.include INCDIR.'/footer.inc'; ?>


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The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from POPs. Governments implementing the Convention will take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of POPs into the environment. Control measures apply to import, export, production, disposal and use of POPs. Participating governments will also promote the best available techniques and best environmental practices for replacing POPs while preventing the production and use of new ones. The Australian Government ratified the Stockholm Convention on 20 May 2004. Obligations relating to the Convention came into force for Australia on 18 August 2004.
POPs are pesticide and industrial chemicals that are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate in organisms, are toxic to human health and the environment, and are transported long distances. POPs are characterised by:
More on the Stockholm Convention can be found on the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade website.
Chemicals subject to the Stockholm and Rotterdam Convention


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Saturday, October 29th
Darque Productions, LLC. and Small's present:
.::Thirst Wave + Industrial Is Not Dead Halloween Bash::.
Resident DJs Pleasure Kitten, Elektrosonik and Aaron Hingst spin a blend of Industrial, Dark Retro, New Wave, '80s & '90s Retro and Coldwave all night.
Special live performance from Los Angeles Industrial outfit 3teeth in their third Halloween weekend appearance at Small's.
Doors @ 8pm.
18+ welcome with proper ID.
Costume Contest, Drink Specials + more!