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Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
DOMS is common in running, and while the soreness is delayed, the accompanying weakness is immediate. A bout of DOMS inducing exercise provides protection against future DOMS, and so it's a critical part of training. By intentionally inducing DOMS you can prevent the soreness that occurs after long distance races. The less obvious, but more important benefit is that you also prevent some of the weakness that occurs towards the end of longer races. This is a key benefit to Downhill Running and especially the Treadmill Descent. I believe that incorporating Treadmill Descents into my training is the reason I've completed 100 mile races with little muscle soreness.
- 1 Introduction
- 2 What is DOMS?
- 3 Why is DOMS important?
- 4 What does DOMS mean to you?
- 5 Determining if you have DOMS
- 6 What are the symptoms of DOMS?
- 7 How long does DOMS last?
- 8 The effect of steepness on DOMS
- 9 How to prevent or treat DOMS?
- 10 Menstrual Cycle
- 11 Mechanisms of DOMS
- 12 Limitations of the current scientific studies
- 13 See Also
- 14 References
1 Introduction
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is a familiar experience to most people who exercise. It affects people who weight train and run particularly, and DOMS can produce anything from mild muscle soreness to debilitating pain and weakness. DOMS is caused by eccentric stress, where the muscles working to resist lengthening, such as lowering a weight or absorbing the landing forces of running. Downhill Running is a particular source of eccentric stress. DOMS not only produces delayed soreness, but immediate weakness that generally lasts a similar length of time. DOMS also produces swelling, tense muscles, reduced coordination and a limited range of motion. A key benefit of DOMS inducing exercise is that a bout of DOMS can give protection against similar future exercise, and the protection lasts for months. Running with the correct Cadence can help prevent DOMS, and taking proteinafter DOMS inducing exercise is one of the best treatments, though compression clothing, caffeineand massagecan also help.
2 What is DOMS?
The soreness of DOMS generally peaks between 24 and 72 hours after unusual or severe exercise, though soreness may occur sooner after running[1]. DOMS is particularly related to eccentric exercise, which is where the muscle works to resist becoming longer, rather than working to contract. When you muscles absorb the impact of running, this is eccentric exercise, and Downhill Running is more eccentric than flat or uphill running. The images below show the damage that occurs from eccentric exercise[2] and marathon running[3]:
3 Why is DOMS important?
Because running involves a lot of eccentric stress, DOMS is common in runners, especially after Downhill Running. The pain that occurs 24-72 hours after exercise can prevent continued training. However, the biggest issue for long distance runners is that although the pain occurs 24-72 hours after exercise, the weakness peaks after 30 minutes [4]/>. If you've ever run a long, steep descent, you'll know the strange feeling of weak numbness that pervades your quads as the effect of the downhill builds up. The Boston Marathon or the latter part of Mount Mitchell Challenge have descents that cause this type of weakness. If you've felt a similar weakness in the latter stages of a marathon, this may not be Glycogen depletion creating 'the wall', but eccentric muscle damage that will later manifest itself as DOMS. It is suggested that this is the reason the Boston Marathon course is relatively slow, even though it is a net decent.
4 What does DOMS mean to you?
There is some good news in all of this. While excessive eccentric exercise can cause DOMS, doing some eccentric exercise causes the muscles to adapt and to be able to handle eccentric exercise without DOMS [5]. There are two ways then of protecting your muscles from DOMS in running; running greater distances, or running downhill. I believe that downhill running that is greatly underutilized in training regimes. Most hill training workouts focus on the uphill segment, and relegate the downhill to recovery. While uphill can produce some benefits, it is the downhill that can provide the greatest advantage. Adding hills into your workout can make you a much stronger runner, and have benefits even on flat race courses. Don't just use the downhill to recover from the uphill, but work on the downhill.
5 Determining if you have DOMS
It's not always obvious if you have DOMS or some other problem. Here are some simple checks that can help guide you:
- As the name suggests, DOMS normally occurs a day or two after the exercise, but this is not always the case.
- The soreness of DOMS eases off with light exercise, so if the pain gets less then it's probably DOMS but if it gets worse it's probably not. The lessoning of the pain should occur after a few minutes of light exercise, such as walking or gentle running.
- The soreness of DOMS is normally quite diffuse over a large area of the muscle and the soreness is close to the surface. Often the muscles are tender to the touch and Massage is too painful. That is different to something like a muscle tear which has a sharp, localized pain, or a Trigger Point that has a painful lump in the muscle.
- DOMS also reduces the strength of the effected muscles, and this can be quite dramatic in extreme cases.
- Often a muscle with DOMS is hard to the touch, even when it's as relaxed as possible. A healthy muscle should only be firm when it's contracted.
5.1 DOMS Scale
This is a simplistic scale that I use to evaluate how bad my DOMS symptoms are. This is focused on DOMS of the quads, the most common areas noticed in runners.
|DOMS Scale
|Stair Test
|You can walk down stairs without discomfort.
|You can walk down stairs with some pain, but there's no need to hold on to the handrail.
|You can walk down stairs with some pain, but you only need to hold on to the handrail for balance.
|You need to put some of your weight on the handrail to descend stairs.
|You need to put nearly all of your weight on the handrail to descend stairs.
|Your quads cannot lower any weight and descending stairs it tricky. Descending stairs involves standing opposite the handrail and locking the leg that is opposite the handrail. Your body is then tilted towards the handrail, using your arms to lower your weight. The leg nearest the handrail is locked straight and once your body is lowered, it takes the weight. Repeat for each step. (Or avoid stairs.)
5.2 Likert Scale Muscle Soreness
There is a more general scale of muscle soreness that applies to all muscles, but is not focused on DOMS[1][6].
|An absence of soreness
|A light pain felt only when touched / a vague ache
|A moderate pain felt only when touched / a slight persistent pain
|A light pain when walking up or down stairs
|A light pain when walking on a flat surface / painful
|A moderate pain, stiffness or weakness when walking / very painful
|A severe pain that limits my ability to move
6 What are the symptoms of DOMS?
The soreness of DOMS is different to other forms of muscle soreness. With DOMS, large areas of the muscle are tender to the touch and painful when the muscle is used. With other forms of muscle soreness the area of tenderness is usually more localized and the pain of massage is sometimes described as a 'good pain'. The pain of DOMS will normally lessen with light exercise such as walking, which is often described as 'loosening' up. However, the soreness of DOMS is not the best indicator of the muscle damage, and similar levels of soreness can result from differing levels of muscle damage[7]. In addition, there are other symptoms, such as:
- Reduction in strength[8][9][10][11], typically 30-60%[12]. (Note that the reduction in strength starts immediately following the damaging exercise and increases over the next 24-48 hours[13]. The initial reduction in strength can be as much as 40%[12].)
- Muscle tenderness. DOMS makes the muscles tender to the touch, and the pain associated with pressure differs between DOMS and normal muscle soreness. With DOMS, the pain is extremely unpleasant and can be nauseating, where normal muscle soreness can be painful, but the pain has a sense of relief and is sometimes call a "good pain." The muscle tenderness can be measured from the "Pressure-Pain Threshold", where pressure is increased until the subject feels pain rather than pressure[14].
- Increased passive muscle tension[15]. A muscle suffering from DOMS will often be hard to the touch, even when relaxed as much as possible.
- Swelling of the muscle[15], which can be seen as a lack of muscle definition in lean individuals.
- The perceptions of joint angle and force are impaired[8], which can result in reduced coordination and a sense of clumsiness.
- A reduction in the Range of Motion[8][9][10].
- Changes in running biomechanics, possibly as compensation for other changes[16]. For instance, the reduction in Range of Motion can result in a reduction in stride length.
- Decreased Running Economy[17][18].
- Impaired Glycogen repletion[17][18], though higher carbohydrate intake partly offsets the reduction[19]. There is some evidence that Glycogen levels continue to drop after DOMS inducing exercise[20][21], and the deficiency in glycogen lasts for over 72 hours[21].
- There are some studies that indicate there are possible changes in muscle fiber recruitment patterns[22][23][24].
7 How long does DOMS last?
It seems likely that exercise characteristics (duration, intensity, etc.) will change the time to recovery[25][26]. The soreness generally peaks between 24-72 hours after the damaging exercise, but will last at least 4 days[26]. My personal experience is that DOMS can last for over a week, and I prefer to avoid Downhill Running in the two weeks before a race, though sometimes I will include it as close as 10 days beforehand.
8 The effect of steepness on DOMS
I have found that steeper descents produce disproportionately severe DOMS. This might be due to the angle of the knee, as most[27][28] (but not all[26]) studies indicate that the longer a muscle is when being stressed, the greater the DOMS. This effect is most noticeable when using a Treadmill for Downhill Running, as small changes in angle can produce a big difference in DOMS.
9 How to prevent or treat DOMS?
There are various approaches to preventing or treating DOMS. The table below is a summary of the approaches showing how likely the strategy is to prevent or treat DOMS combined with the possible significant downsides. At the top are those that are likely to help and have no downsides, then those that have no effects or downsides, then those with little benefit and significant downsides.
|Repeated Bout Effect
|Before (days to months)
|Strong evidence of reduced soreness
|Some evidence of reduced weakness
|Carbohydrate and/or protein
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|Strong evidence of reduced weakness
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|Compression Clothing
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|Some evidence of reduced weakness
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|Some evidence of reduced weakness
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|Some evidence of reduced weakness
|Immediately before
|Some evidence of reduced soreness
|No benefit
|Light Exercise
|Transient pain reduction
|No benefit
|Transient pain reduction
|No benefit
|No benefit
|No benefit
|Before and/or After
|Mixed evidence
|Mixed evidence
|Conflicting evidence of reduced Endurance Adaptations
|Before and/or After
|No benefit
|No benefit
| # Stretchingtemporarily weakens muscles
|Before and/or After
|Most evidence indicates no benefit
|Most evidence indicates no benefit
|Can impair recovery
- aCaffeine can interfere with sleep
- b Only ever use ice in a bag, never a frozen gel pack. Gel packs start too cold and can cause skin or nerve damage.
- c Light exercise does not appear to speed up healing, but it does not hinder it either.
9.1 Repeated Bout Effect
The DOMS that follows an initial bout of eccentric exercise is much less on subsequent similar bouts. This is often called the Repeated Bout Effect (RBE)[15][13]. The initial bout does not have to cause significant soreness or damage[29]. As few as 2-10 maximal eccentric repetitions can protect against a subsequent larger bout (24-50), but the initial bout must be close to maximal effort[30]. By contrast, eight weeks of training with 50% of the maximal eccentric load did not provide protection against a subsequent maximal bout[31]. There is some cross-over of protection between different forms of exercise. For instance, eccentric weight training protects against soreness and weakness in subsequent downhill running[32]. The protection from the RBE is long lived. One study showed that while the initial weakness was not reduced by the RBE, the recovery of strength was much faster for up to 9 months, and soreness was less for up to 6 months[33]. Another study showed that 30 minutes of downhill running provides protection for between 6 and 9 weeks[34]. There is evidence that the RBE may rapidly start to provide protection from soreness and weakness[35], within 5 days[36], and possibly within 24 hours[37]. One study[38] demonstrated a change in the length-tension curve of DOMS trained muscles. As shown on the chart below, 7 days after a bout of DOMS inducing exercise the hamstring is able to generate more force and generate it at a greater angle.
9.2 Carbohydrate and Protein
Main article: Nutrient Timing
The damage of DOMS requires repair, so it's not surprising that taking Protein or amino acids, which are the building blocks of the muscle fibers, helps with recovery.
- Most studies show that amino acids reduce muscle soreness[39][40] [41][42], and may[42][40] or may not reduce weakness[43][44][43].
- Most studies have shown that protein will reduce muscle weakness after DOMS inducing exercise[45][46] [47][48][49], with only two studies showing no improvement[50][51].
- The effect of protein on soreness is more mixed with some studies showing improvement[52] [53][49], but others not[45][54][51].
- Not surprisingly timing may be important, with CHO+PRO having an effect on muscle weakness directly after or 24 hours after, but not before DOMS inducing exercise[48], as shown below.
- In addition to reducing muscle soreness, protein supplementation in military recruits also reduced illness and injury[53].
- Taking carbohydrate alone after DOMS inducing exercise does not appear to help[55][56].
Protein helps with recovery from DOMS[49]. The graphs below show the impact of 100 grams of Protein taken immediately after 30 minutes of downhill running. Note that muscle soreness peaked at 72 hours, even though force and power had returned to baseline.
9.3 Cadence
Main article: Cadence
A study that looked at how changes in Cadence impacted the DOMS symptoms of downhill running showed that compared with a runner's preferred cadence, a higher cadence reduced subsequent weakness while a lower cadence increased soreness[57]. This change in DOMS is not surprising given that an increased cadence reduces the impact forces of running[58][59][60]. The impact forces from a lower cadence are mostly absorbed by the knee[61], which would create greater eccentric loading of the quads. In addition, most[27][28] (but not all[26]) studies show that the more extended a muscle is when undergoing eccentric stress, the more likely it is to suffer from DOMS. This is likely to compound the effect of Cadence on DOMS.
9.4 Compression Clothing
Main article: Why compression clothes
Studies show that wearing Graduated Compression Clothing during the days after DOMS inducing exercise mitigates the soreness[62][63][64][65][66][67][68] and weakness[63][65][66] of DOMS. Relatively few studies showed no benefit from compression clothing[69][70]. However, the results of compression clothing are likely to vary with the particular garment, how well it fits and therefore the pressure that is provided[71]. I found one studies that looked at the effect of wearing compression clothing during DOMS inducing exercise on the subsequent recovery[72]. This study used either or both graduated or uniform compression socks on hiking, a trail run, or calf exercise, with the socks also worn for the following four days. Graduated socks reduced DOMS pain on the hike compared with no compression, the only test with no compression as a control. The uniform compression reduced the pain compared with graduated on the run, and there was no difference between them on the calf exercise. This suggests to me that uniform compression might be better than graduated, or at least, it might not be worth paying extra for graduated compression.
9.5 Caffeine
Main article: Caffeine
Caffeine has shown to be effective in reducing the pain of DOMS, as well as reducing the weakness[73]. (The reduction in weakness did not reach statistical significance in regular caffeine users[74].) While the evidence for caffeine reducing the weakness of DOMS, this is one of the few approaches that can help offset the weakness during the damaging exercise.
9.6 Massage
Main article: Massage
Massage is widely used to prevent and treat injuries. Most meta-analysis suggest that post-exercise massage helps with the soreness of DOMS[75][76], though the mechanisms are unclear[77]. Studies that give massage 2-3 hours after DOMS inducing exercise showed reduced soreness[78][79][80], but not weakness[79][80]. One study that gave massage 2 days after exercise that resulted in reduced soreness and improved muscle function[81], but other studies that use massage 24 hours or more after exercise showed no benefit[82][83]. A study that used 20 minutes of foam rolling immediately following the DOMS inducing exercise, then again at 24 and 48 hours showed a significant improvement in both pain and muscular performance[14]. Therefore it seems likely that the timing of the massage is important, though other factors, such as the style of massage and the extent of the DOMS may also change the outcome. My personal experience suggests that massage immediately after the exercise is more effective than when the massage is delayed. (All too often, the muscles are too painful under pressure to allow any form of massage.)
9.7 Warmup
Main article: Warmup
Performing a Warmup before exercise may help reduce DOMS pain[84][85], but not all studies support this[86].
9.8 Light Exercise
Light training in the days following DOMS inducing exercise generally accepted to be one of the most effective ways of reducing muscle soreness, but unfortunately the reduction in pain is temporary[87][88][15][13]. A study that looked at running 30 minutes/day after DOMS inducing downhill running shows that the extra exercise neither helped nor hindered with soreness, weakness or Running Economy[89]. (The study only looked at the 7 days following the downhill running, and it would be interesting to know if there are any longer-term differences.) One study used cycling at light (30%) or moderate (70%) immediately after DOMS inducing exercise[90]. The moderate intensity cycling prevented the loss of strength, and actually increased strength on days 3 and 4. There were no differences between the control and the light exercise, nor between any of the conditions for soreness. This is an interesting suggestion that higher intensity exercise might be beneficial, but the study has a number of flaws, including the use of predicted Maximum Heart Rate to set exercise intensity.
TENS may reduce the soreness of DOMS[91], but the effect seems to be transient[92] and the effect is reduced if combined with icing[93]. Not all studies show any pain reduction[94] and none show a reduction in the weakness.
9.10 Icing
Main article: Cryotherapy
Sadly, Icing does not help with DOMS[95][96][97][11], and can make DOMS worse[98][99]. Ice reduces pain slightly, but does not restore strength[93]. (In my experience, ice can be extremely effective at helping heal muscle tears and non-DOMS muscle injuries, but not DOMS.)
9.11 Protracted Heat
One study looked at applying heat for 8 hours, either directly after DOMS inducing exercise or 24 hours later[100]. The study used "ThermaCare" chemically generated heat wraps, and I suspect the study was sponsored by the company. The 60 subjects underwent 5 minutes of squats to induce DOMS, then 20 were controls, 20 had immediate heat for 8 hours and the remainder had heat applied 24 hours after exercise. The immediate heat subjects had little reduction in strength over the follow three days, where the 24-hour delayed heat was no different from the controls. The strength drop was about 24% in controls/delayed-heat, which is a meaningful improvement. There was some reduction in pain over the first two days, with the immediate heat doing better than the delayed heat, which was slightly better than the controls.
9.12 Antioxidants - Vitamin C and E
The evidence for anti-oxidants is mixed, with some studies showing a benefit but not others. Note that one study below showed an impaired recovery with vitamin C supplementation. In addition, there is mixed evidence that vitamin C and/or vitamin E reduces Endurance Adaptations from exercise[101][102][103] or they do not[104][105] [106].
|Vitamin C
|Vitamin E
|Dose Period
|14 days prior and 4 days post-exercise
|Vitamin C reduces soreness in first 24 hours[107]
|3 days prior and 4 days post-exercise
|reduced soreness[108]
|14 days prior to exercise
|reduced soreness[109]
|3 days prior and 5 days post-exercise
|no effect[110]
|2 hours prior and 4 days post-exercise
|no soreness change, but impaired strength recovery 7 and 14 days after exercise[111]
|2 hours prior to exercise
|no effect[112]
|12 days prior and 3 days post-exercise
|no change in soreness[113]
|1,200 IU/day
|30 days prior to exercise
|No effect[114]
|1,200 IU/day
|30 days prior and 7 days post-exercise
|improved muscle function but no change in soreness[115]
|300 mg/d
|6 weeks prior to exercise
|no change in function[116]
9.13 Stretching
Main article: Stretching
Stretching before[117][118] [119], after [118][120][121], or both before and after[122] exercise does not help with DOMS. In fact, stretching alone can induce DOMS[123]. Both static and dynamic stretching are ineffective[124].
9.14 NSAIDs
Main article: NSAIDs and Running
The most common NSAIDs (Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen/Paracetamol, and Aspirin) are unlikely to help with DOMS, but Naproxen may reduce the pain and weakness. If an NSAID is taken, it should probably be immediately after the damaging exercise rather than waiting until the soreness develops. It seems likely that taking an NSAID for DOMS will reduce the muscular growth that would normally occur as part of the recovery. In one disturbing study, rabbits treated with an NSAID (flurbiprofen) after DOMS inducing exercise initially recovered their strength after 3-7 days, but between days 7 and 28 days the rabbits became weaker while the untreated controls became stronger[125]. I have not included other animal studies, but this is the only one that looks at how NSAIDs impact the longer term recovery from DOMS. Studies of Turmeric, which acts as a selective COX-2 NSAID[126], are promising. Reduction in soreness is mixed, with some studies showing reduced soreness[127][128] [129], while others do not[130][131]. However, one study shoes reduced weakness and inflammation markers[131] and an animal study showed less subsequent reduction in running performance in mice[132]. Several studies showed reduced markers of damage[133][132][131][130] [129]. However, Turmeric should be treated like any other medication as there are safety concerns; see Turmeric as an NSAID for details.
|Ibuprofen Gel
|1xNo Effect[142]
|Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)
|2xNo Effect[143][144]
|2xNo Effect[145][146]
| 4xImproved[147][148][149][150]
1xNo Effect[151]
| 3xImproved[147][148][149]
1xNo Effect[151]
|Possible slight reduction[152]
|1xNo Effect[143]
|1xNo Effect[153]
|1xNo Effect[141]
9.15 CBD Oil
I have heard anecdotal suggestions that CBD oil may help with sleep after DOMS inducing exercise, but I've found no supporting research. Note that in 2018, World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) removed CBD, from its 2018 prohibited substances list, but the legality of CBD is complex.
10 Menstrual Cycle
A study has shown that DOMS does not vary with menstrual cycle[155].
11 Mechanisms of DOMS
The underlying mechanism of DOMS is thought to consist of phases; the initial damage that occurs during the exercise and then secondary damage that occurs subsequently[13][15]:
- Primary damage. The initial damage is believed to be mechanical in nature, both on the contracting parts of the muscle (sarcomeres) and the supporting structures (primarily the z-bands). While there are some suggestions that the primary damage might be due to metabolic factors such as low blood flow, low oxygen saturation, impaired metabolite clearance, these causes are not well supported. The idea that DOMS is caused by lactic acid has been rejected[156].
- Secondary damage. The secondary damage appears to be initiated by the disruption of the intracellular Ca2+homeostatis, which leads to further myofibrillar damage including degradation of the cell membrane.
11.1 Mechanisms for the Repeated Bout Effect
For those interested in the details, there are several possible mechanisms that might be responsible for the Repeated Bout Effect (RBE)[157][158]:
- Neural adaptation. The RBE may be due to changes in the way muscles are recruited. While there is some direct evidence that RBE occurs without neural adaptations, it is possible that this mechanism contributes to the protection.
- Increased recruitment of slow-twitch fibers. Fast-twitch fibers may be more susceptible to eccentric damage, so an adaptation to recruit more slow-twitch fibers might reduce DOMS.
- Activation of more muscle fibers. Recruiting a larger number of fibers may reduce the eccentric stress on each fiber, thus reducing the damage.
- Mechanical adaptation. It is possible to consider muscle damage as similar to materials fatigue. These adaptations are in the non-contracting structures of the muscles. For instance, protection from damage could come from increased structural strength in the z-band of the muscles which get disturbed by eccentric exercise as seen above.
- Increased dynamic muscle stiffness. Dynamic stiffness refers to how stiff the muscles are when contracted.
- Increased passive muscle stiffness. In contrast, passive stiffness is when the muscles are relaxed. It is unclear if increased passive stiffness protects against eccentric damage or actually exacerbates it.
- Cellular adaptation. A number of changes at the cellular level may provide protection against eccentric damage.
- Increased sarcomeres. The sarcomeres are part of the contracting mechanism of the muscles. The contraction of a muscle comes from parts of the sarcomere sliding over each other. One adaptation to eccentric exercise may be that the overlap in these sliding areas becomes larger. A study in rats suggests that the adaptation may include more sarcomeres in series, which produces a greater Range Of Motion and greater force at longer muscle lengths[159].
- Changed inflammation response. The delay in soreness is probably due to a delayed inflammatory response, so changes in that response could reduce the soreness. However, this would not reduce the immediate loss of strength.
- Maintenance of Excitation-Contraction coupling. One reason for the loss of strength following eccentric exercise is that the nerve impulses (excitation) may result in less contraction. The decoupling could be due to lack of neural drive (perhaps due to pain), physical disruption of the contracting structures of the muscle, or a failure to activate those contracting structures.
12 Limitations of the current scientific studies
While there are a large number of scientific studies available on DOMS, these studies have a number of limitations.
- Most studies use a small number of subjects, limiting their ability to detect the effectiveness of treatments.
- The studies are not consistent in the level of DOMS that is provoked, with some studies having relatively mild soreness.
- Not all studies avoid the confounding effects of the Repeated Bout Effect. This can be where the study has not ensured that subjects have not performed any eccentric exercise in the recent past, or where subjects undergo multiple bouts in the study.
- The studies generally do not establish any dose/response relationship.
- Human studies are limited in their timeframe, so that the longer term effects of the treatments are unclear.
- Studies often focus on how a treatment reduces the symptoms of DOMS without looking at how the treatment might also change the adaptation process. A DOMS treatment that effectively reduces soreness and/or weakness but also prevents any adaptation to the training has limited benefit.
13 See Also
14 References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Andrew J Vickers, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, volume 2, issue 1, 2001, pages 5, ISSN 14712474, doi 10.1186/1471-2474-2-5
- ↑ L Feasson, D Stockholm, D Freyssenet, I Richard, S Duguez, J S Beckmann, C Denis, Molecular adaptations of neuromuscular disease-associated proteins in response to eccentric exercise in human skeletal muscle, The Journal of Physiology, volume 543, issue 1, 2002, pages 297–306, ISSN 0022-3751, doi 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.018689
- ↑ MJ. Warhol, AJ. Siegel, WJ. Evans, LM. Silverman, Skeletal muscle injury and repair in marathon runners after competition., Am J Pathol, volume 118, issue 2, pages 331-9, Feb 1985, PMID 3970143
- ↑ V. Marginson, AV. Rowlands, NP. Gleeson, RG. Eston, Comparison of the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after an initial and repeated bout of plyometric exercise in men and boys., J Appl Physiol, volume 99, issue 3, pages 1174-81, Sep 2005, doi 10.1152/japplphysiol.01193.2004, PMID 15817716
- ↑ Skeletal muscle damage and repair http://books.google.com/books?id=ueMh1x7kFjsC&lpg=PA195&ots=wwIhuoi0Nt&dq=Tiidus%201997&pg=PA69#v=onepage&q=Tiidus%201997&f=true
- ↑ FM. Impellizzeri, NA. Maffiuletti, Convergent evidence for construct validity of a 7-point likert scale of lower limb muscle soreness., Clin J Sport Med, volume 17, issue 6, pages 494-6, Nov 2007, doi 10.1097/JSM.0b013e31815aed57, PMID 17993794
- ↑ Kazunori Nosaka, Mike Newton, Paul Sacco, Delayed-onset muscle soreness does not reflect the magnitude of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage, Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, volume 12, issue 6, 2002, pages 337–346, ISSN 09057188, doi 10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.10178.x
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 JM. Saxton, PM. Clarkson, R. James, M. Miles, M. Westerfer, S. Clark, AE. Donnelly, Neuromuscular dysfunction following eccentric exercise., Med Sci Sports Exerc, volume 27, issue 8, pages 1185-93, Aug 1995, PMID 7476064
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Decreased Isokinetic Stren... : The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research http://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/1988/05000/delayed_onset_muscle_soreness_and_decreased.1.aspx
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 DT. Gulick, IF. Kimura, M. Sitler, A. Paolone, JD. Kelly, Various treatment techniques on signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness., J Athl Train, volume 31, issue 2, pages 145-52, Apr 1996, PMID 16558388
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 DJ. Paddon-Jones, BM. Quigley, Effect of cryotherapy on muscle soreness and strength following eccentric exercise., Int J Sports Med, volume 18, issue 8, pages 588-93, Nov 1997, doi 10.1055/s-2007-972686, PMID 9443590
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 A. Baldwin Lanier, Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs following exercise-induced muscle injury., Sports Med, volume 33, issue 3, pages 177-85, 2003, PMID 12656639
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 K. Cheung, P. Hume, L. Maxwell, Delayed onset muscle soreness : treatment strategies and performance factors., Sports Med, volume 33, issue 2, pages 145-64, 2003, PMID 12617692
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 GE. Pearcey, DJ. Bradbury-Squires, JE. Kawamoto, EJ. Drinkwater, DG. Behm, DC. Button, Foam rolling for delayed-onset muscle soreness and recovery of dynamic performance measures., J Athl Train, volume 50, issue 1, pages 5-13, Jan 2015, doi 10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.01, PMID 25415413
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 G. Howatson, KA. van Someren, The prevention and treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage., Sports Med, volume 38, issue 6, pages 483-503, 2008, PMID 18489195
- ↑ Muscle Soreness During Running: Biomechanical and Physiological Considerations http://journals.humankinetics.com/jab-back-issues/jabvolume7issue2may/musclesorenessduringrunningbiomechanicalandphysiologicalconsiderations
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Smith LL. Causes of delayed onset muscle soreness and the impact on athletic performance: a review. J Appl Sport Sci Res 1992; 6 (3): 135-41
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 WA. Braun, DJ. Dutto, The effects of a single bout of downhill running and ensuing delayed onset of muscle soreness on running economy performed 48 h later., Eur J Appl Physiol, volume 90, issue 1-2, pages 29-34, Sep 2003, doi 10.1007/s00421-003-0857-8, PMID 12783232
- ↑ DL. Costill, DD. Pascoe, WJ. Fink, RA. Robergs, SI. Barr, D. Pearson, Impaired muscle glycogen resynthesis after eccentric exercise., J Appl Physiol, volume 69, issue 1, pages 46-50, Jul 1990, PMID 2394662
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<ref>tag; name "Paschalis-2005" defined multiple times with different content
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- ↑ H. Lund, P. Vestergaard-Poulsen, IL. Kanstrup, P. Sejrsen, The effect of passive stretching on delayed onset muscle soreness, and other detrimental effects following eccentric exercise., Scand J Med Sci Sports, volume 8, issue 4, pages 216-21, Aug 1998, PMID 9764443
- ↑ LL. Smith, MH. Brunetz, TC. Chenier, MR. McCammon, JA. Houmard, ME. Franklin, RG. Israel, The effects of static and ballistic stretching on delayed onset muscle soreness and creatine kinase., Res Q Exerc Sport, volume 64, issue 1, pages 103-7, Mar 1993, PMID 8451526
- ↑ Yanfei Xie, Beibei Feng, Kedi Chen, Lars L. Andersen, Phil Page, Yuling Wang, The Efficacy of Dynamic Contract-Relax Stretching on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Among Healthy Individuals, Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, volume 28, issue 1, 2018, pages 28–36, ISSN 1050-642X, doi 10.1097/JSM.0000000000000442
- ↑ DK. Mishra, J. Fridén, MC. Schmitz, RL. Lieber, Anti-inflammatory medication after muscle injury. A treatment resulting in short-term improvement but subsequent loss of muscle function., J Bone Joint Surg Am, volume 77, issue 10, pages 1510-9, Oct 1995, PMID 7593059
- ↑ R.S. Ramsewak, D.L. DeWitt, M.G. Nair, Cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Curcumins I–III from Curcuma longa, Phytomedicine, volume 7, issue 4, 2000, pages 303–308, ISSN 09447113, doi 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80048-3
- ↑ 127.0 127.1 LM. Nicol, DS. Rowlands, R. Fazakerly, J. Kellett, Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)., Eur J Appl Physiol, volume 115, issue 8, pages 1769-77, Aug 2015, doi 10.1007/s00421-015-3152-6, PMID 25795285
- ↑ 128.0 128.1 F. Drobnic, J. Riera, G. Appendino, S. Togni, F. Franceschi, X. Valle, A. Pons, J. Tur, Reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness by a novel curcumin delivery system (Meriva): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial., J Int Soc Sports Nutr, volume 11, pages 31, 2014, doi 10.1186/1550-2783-11-31, PMID 24982601
- ↑ 129.0 129.1 Lesley M. Nicol, David S. Rowlands, Ruth Fazakerly, John Kellett, Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), European Journal of Applied Physiology, volume 115, issue 8, 2015, pages 1769–1777, ISSN 1439-6319, doi 10.1007/s00421-015-3152-6
- ↑ 130.0 130.1 130.2 Brian K. McFarlin, Adam S. Venable, Andrea L. Henning, Jill N. Best Sampson, Kathryn Pennel, Jakob L. Vingren, David W. Hill, Reduced Inflammatory and Muscle Damage Biomarkers following Oral Supplementation with Bioavailable Curcumin, BBA Clinical, 2016, ISSN 22146474, doi 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.02.003
- ↑ 131.0 131.1 131.2 131.3 131.4 Yoko Tanabe, Seiji Maeda, Nobuhiko Akazawa, Asako Zempo-Miyaki, Youngju Choi, Song-Gyu Ra, Atsushi Imaizumi, Yoshihiko Otsuka, Kazunori Nosaka, Attenuation of indirect markers of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage by curcumin, European Journal of Applied Physiology, volume 115, issue 9, 2015, pages 1949–1957, ISSN 1439-6319, doi 10.1007/s00421-015-3170-4
- ↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 JM. Davis, EA. Murphy, MD. Carmichael, MR. Zielinski, CM. Groschwitz, AS. Brown, JD. Gangemi, A. Ghaffar, EP. Mayer, Curcumin effects on inflammation and performance recovery following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage., Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, volume 292, issue 6, pages R2168-73, Jun 2007, doi 10.1152/ajpregu.00858.2006, PMID 17332159
- ↑ N. Kawanishi, K. Kato, M. Takahashi, T. Mizokami, Y. Otsuka, A. Imaizumi, D. Shiva, H. Yano, K. Suzuki, Curcumin attenuates oxidative stress following downhill running-induced muscle damage., Biochem Biophys Res Commun, volume 441, issue 3, pages 573-8, Nov 2013, doi 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.119, PMID 24184481
- ↑ 134.0 134.1 SM. Hasson, JC. Daniels, JG. Divine, BR. Niebuhr, S. Richmond, PG. Stein, JH. Williams, Effect of ibuprofen use on muscle soreness, damage, and performance: a preliminary investigation., Med Sci Sports Exerc, volume 25, issue 1, pages 9-17, Jan 1993, PMID 8423760
- ↑ 135.0 135.1 author Tokmakidis SP, Kokkinidis EA, Smilios I, Douda H, The effects of ibuprofen on delayed muscle soreness and muscular performance after eccentric exercise., J Strength Cond Res, 2003, volume 17, issue 1, pages 53-9, PMID 12580656
- ↑ 136.0 136.1 Effect of Ibuprofen Use on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness of the Elbow Flexors http://journals.humankinetics.com/jsr-back-issues/jsrvolume4issue4november/effectofibuprofenuseondelayedonsetmusclesorenessoftheelbowflexors
- ↑ 137.0 137.1 FX. Pizza, D. Cavender, A. Stockard, H. Baylies, A. Beighle, Anti-inflammatory doses of ibuprofen: effect on neutrophils and exercise-induced muscle injury., Int J Sports Med, volume 20, issue 2, pages 98-102, Feb 1999, doi 10.1055/s-2007-971100, PMID 10190769
- ↑ 138.0 138.1 Joel R. Krentz, Braden Quest, Jonathan P. Farthing, Dale W. Quest, Philip D. Chilibeck, The effects of ibuprofen on muscle hypertrophy, strength, and soreness during resistance training, Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, volume 33, issue 3, 2008, pages 470–475, ISSN 1715-5312, doi 10.1139/H08-019
- ↑ 139.0 139.1 Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Morten Weidner, Dorte Bartholin, Allan Rosetzsky, A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Parallel Group Study Evaluating the Effects of Ibuprofen and Glucosamine Sulfate on Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness, Journal Of Musculoskeletal Pain, volume 15, issue 1, 2007, pages 21–28, ISSN 1058-2452, doi 10.1300/J094v15n01_04
- ↑ 140.0 140.1 AE. Donnelly, RJ. Maughan, PH. Whiting, Effects of ibuprofen on exercise-induced muscle soreness and indices of muscle damage., Br J Sports Med, volume 24, issue 3, pages 191-5, Sep 1990, PMID 2078806
- ↑ 141.0 141.1 141.2 MB. Stone, MA. Merrick, CD. Ingersoll, JE. Edwards, Preliminary comparison of bromelain and Ibuprofen for delayed onset muscle soreness management., Clin J Sport Med, volume 12, issue 6, pages 373-8, Nov 2002, PMID 12466693
- ↑ Robert D. Hyldahl, Justin Keadle, Pierre A. Rouzier, Dennis Pearl, Priscilla M. Clarkson, Effects of Ibuprofen Topical Gel on Muscle Soreness, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, volume 42, issue 3, 2010, pages 614–621, ISSN 0195-9131, doi 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b95db2
- ↑ 143.0 143.1 143.2 P. Barlas, JA. Craig, J. Robinson, DM. Walsh, GD. Baxter, JM. Allen, Managing delayed-onset muscle soreness: lack of effect of selected oral systemic analgesics., Arch Phys Med Rehabil, volume 81, issue 7, pages 966-72, Jul 2000, doi 10.1053/apmr.2000.6277, PMID 10896014
- ↑ 144.0 144.1 Lucille Smith, Robert George, Thomas Chenier, Michael McCammon, Joseph Houmard, Richard Israel, R. A. Hoppmann, Susan Smith, Do over-the-counter analgesics reduce delayed onset muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase values?, Research in Sports Medicine, volume 6, issue 2, 1995, pages 81–88, ISSN 1543-8627, doi 10.1080/15438629509512039
- ↑ 145.0 145.1 Riasati et al.: Aspirin and delayed onset muscle soreness ASPIRIN MAY BE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT FOR EXERCISE- INDUCED MUSCLE SORENESS | ResearchGate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228091056_Riasati_et_al._Aspirin_and_delayed_onset_muscle_soreness_ASPIRIN_MAY_BE_AN_EFFECTIVE_TREATMENT_FOR_EXERCISE-_INDUCED_MUSCLE_SORENESS
- ↑ 146.0 146.1 KT. Francis, T. Hoobler, Effects of aspirin on delayed muscle soreness., J Sports Med Phys Fitness, volume 27, issue 3, pages 333-7, Sep 1987, PMID 3431117
- ↑ 147.0 147.1 GA. Dudley, J. Czerkawski, A. Meinrod, G. Gillis, A. Baldwin, M. Scarpone, Efficacy of naproxen sodium for exercise-induced dysfunction muscle injury and soreness., Clin J Sport Med, volume 7, issue 1, pages 3-10, Jan 1997, PMID 9117523
- ↑ 148.0 148.1 AC. Baldwin, SW. Stevenson, GA. Dudley, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy after eccentric exercise in healthy older individuals., J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, volume 56, issue 8, pages M510-3, Aug 2001, PMID 11487604
- ↑ 149.0 149.1 JM. Lecomte, VJ. Lacroix, DL. Montgomery, A randomized controlled trial of the effect of naproxen on delayed onset muscle soreness and muscle strength., Clin J Sport Med, volume 8, issue 2, pages 82-7, Apr 1998, PMID 9641434
- ↑ The Effect of Taking Naproxen Drug on the Level of Perceived Pain and Changes of CPK Serum after Eccentric Exercise - Harakat Volume: 37, Issue:, Accessed on 3 January 2013
- ↑ 151.0 151.1 J. Bourgeois, D. MacDougall, J. MacDonald, M. Tarnopolsky, Naproxen does not alter indices of muscle damage in resistance-exercise trained men., Med Sci Sports Exerc, volume 31, issue 1, pages 4-9, Jan 1999, PMID 9927002
- ↑ A E Donnelly, K McCormick, R J Maughan, P H Whiting, P M Clarkson, Effects of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on delayed onset muscle soreness and indices of damage., British Journal of Sports Medicine, volume 22, issue 1, 1988, pages 35–38, ISSN 0306-3674, doi 10.1136/bjsm.22.1.35
- ↑ L.C. Loram, D. Mitchell, A. Fuller, Rofecoxib and tramadol do not attenuate delayed-onset muscle soreness or ischaemic pain in human volunteers, Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, volume 83, issue 12, 2005, pages 1137–1145, ISSN 0008-4212, doi 10.1139/y05-113
- ↑ 154.0 154.1 SP. Sayers, CA. Knight, PM. Clarkson, EH. Van Wegen, G. Kamen, Effect of ketoprofen on muscle function and sEMG activity after eccentric exercise., Med Sci Sports Exerc, volume 33, issue 5, pages 702-10, May 2001, PMID 11323536
- ↑ Morgan E. Chaffin, Kris E. Berg, Jessica R. Meendering, Tamra L. Llewellyn, Jeffrey A. French, Jeremy E. Davis, Interleukin-6 and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Do Not Vary During the Menstrual Cycle, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, volume 82, issue 4, 2011, pages 693–701, ISSN 0270-1367, doi 10.1080/02701367.2011.10599806
- ↑ J Schwane, Is lactic acid related to delayed-onset muscle soreness., Physician & Sportsmedicin, volume 11, issue 3, pages 124-127;130-131, Mar 1983
- ↑ MP. McHugh, Recent advances in the understanding of the repeated bout effect: the protective effect against muscle damage from a single bout of eccentric exercise., Scand J Med Sci Sports, volume 13, issue 2, pages 88-97, Apr 2003, PMID 12641640
- ↑ MP. McHugh, DA. Connolly, RG. Eston, GW. Gleim, Exercise-induced muscle damage and potential mechanisms for the repeated bout effect., Sports Med, volume 27, issue 3, pages 157-70, Mar 1999, PMID 10222539
- ↑ R. Lynn, JA. Talbot, DL. Morgan, Differences in rat skeletal muscles after incline and decline running., J Appl Physiol (1985), volume 85, issue 1, pages 98-104, Jul 1998, PMID 9655761
- Category:Pages with reference errors


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This beautiful Daddy Tie Design Frame is a wonderful gift idea for dad on his birthday, Father's day or at Christmas and is sure to put a smile on his face every time he looks at this wonderful photo frame holding a photograph of his beautiful children.
Quantity Per Pack:
- 1 Daddy Tie Design Frame.
- 11cm by 11cm.
The frame features a greyish style frame decorated with a tie and reads " I am as lucky as can be the best daddy in the world belongs to me". The frame measures 11cm by 11cm.

subset: commoncrawl


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Part of an ongoing project to become less shitty at hands~ I'm eventually going to do 100 hands, 100 heads, 100 shoes, 100 butts … etc~
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Brereton and Faas Share the Spoils in Slovakia
British racer Shane Brereton strengthened his lead in the GRAMMER TRUCK CUP standings following a splendid weekend at the Slovakia Ring.
Brereton took two category wins and his second ever overall victory in Saturday's Race 2.
It was the first time this season and only fourth time in history that a Chrome categorised driver had claimed an overall victory. Impressively the TOR Truck Racing driver achieved his result on his first visit to the Slovakian venue.
"I'm feeling marvellous right now" said Brereton following his win. "I love the track here, I have great confidence. There's plenty of run off if you do get it wrong."
Just like the British ace, Steffen Faas also took two category wins, but it was the Brit who was more consistent and, thanks to two further second-places finishes, he outscored his German rival 54 to 48 last weekend, increasing his gap in the standings from 24 from to 30 points.
LRS Racing's Ray Coleman, who returned to action after missing round three at the Nürburgring due to his son's wedding, and Oly Janes in his Buggyra International Racing System run Freightliner both experienced solid weekends, securing two podium finishes each.
Truck Sport Lutz Bernau's Luis Recuenco is making good progress in his rookie season and recorded his best GRAMMER TRUCK CUP finish to date at the Slovakia Ring, taking his MAN to second place behind Brereton in Race 1.
'Almost local' ace Frankie Vojtisek endured a weekend of mixed fortunes.
Still in the re-building phase for his Czech Truck Racing Team after a devastating fire at Misano, the veteran showed flashes of pace last weekend making it to the Super Pole session on Saturday and qualifying an excellent ninth overall.
Yet, in the races Vojtisek was involved in several incidents and came under fire from the stewards for a collision with Coleman in Race 3.
Erwin Kleinnagelvoort had a low key meeting but brought his EK Truck Race Scania home on every occasion to accumulate a solid point haul for the Dutch based EK Trucksport squad.
Going into the summer break Brereton sits comfortably on top of the standings with 179 points to his name. Faas is second with 149, while Coleman completes the top three with 101.
You can be sure of some more scintillating GRAMMER TRUCK CUP action at Autodrom Most over the weekend of 1-2 September.
Check out all the latest GRAMMER TRUCK CUP standings HERE


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- Home
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You will be directed to the NASA Visible Earth webpage when you select Images by Mission below, or click on the images at right that are randomly generated to represent four out of all possible topics.
GRACE-FO Launches!
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) mission launched onboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket, Tuesday, May 22, 2018, at 12:47 PM PDT (3:47 PM EDT) from Space Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. To learn more about GRACE-FO, see page 4 of the May-June issue of The Earth Observer.
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Cream of Kale Soup
With nicknames ranging from "Power Soup" (no guesses who picked this one) to "Brown Slime" given at home, this filled-with-green-goodness soup is one of my favorites, even if kids drink it reluctantly every time I make it. Fifteen more times and am sure they'll end up loving this soup.
Pressure cook some greens - kale, mustard greens, spinach - with celery, onions, garlic, and mayo coba beans. Then, run it through the blender to make a smooth mush. Then, strain it to remove pulpy lumps for a smooth texture.
At this point, stirring in cream and simmering gently should be fine. But, since I like to use my slow cooker to keep the soup warm and ready for dinner when I come back from work, I poured the strained soup into the slow cooker one morning and let it slow cook till dinner time. Around the 8-hour mark, some heavy cream was stirred in, plus dried basil (I use freeze-dried which feels intense fresh), dried parsley, dried oregano and continued till the slow cooker is done.
Cook longer if preferred for the soup to come together with a creamy warmth. I start it first thing in the morning and let it slow cook till dinner time - about 12 hours - in the slow cooker.
With a few slices of Pumpernickel bread, the kind made according to "old world methods, utilizing a slow-rise process", from Trader Joe's. Of course, the name "Pumpernickel" itself has fun origins that we talk about every time we eat this bread.
An alternative origin of "pumpernickel" is nearly as strange, if somewhat less savory. "Pumpern" was a New High German word similar in meaning to the English "fart" (so chosen because, like the word "achoo," it imitated the sound it described), and "Nickel" was a form of the name Nicholas, an appellation commonly associated with a goblin or devil (e.g., "Old Nick" is a familiar name for Satan). Hence, pumpernickel is the "devil's fart," allegedly a reference to the bread's indigestible qualities and hence the effect it produced on those who consumed it. (Some word fanciers have claimed that "pumpern" refers to the sound produced by thumping on a loaf of pumpernickel, but that explanation is extremely unlikely.)
With winter firmly here, the old slow cooker gets a lot of use with stews and soups; quick one-pot meals come about often as well, like casserole and roast vegetables.
Labels: creamy-soup, greens, kale, mustard greens, pumpernickel, soup, spinach, vegetarian


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Devils start new era with new GM, coach, captainby Mike G. Morreale
JETS (1-0-0) at DEVILS (0-0-0)
NEWARK, N.J. -- The next chapter in the history of the New Jersey Devils begins Friday against the Winnipeg Jets at Prudential Center.
With general manager Ray Shero, who replaced Hockey Hall of Fame member Lou Lamoriello as GM on May 4, and John Hynes, the youngest coach in the League, the Devils open 2015-16 with renewed energy, enthusiasm and hope of qualifying for the Stanley Cup Playoffs for the first time in four seasons.
"[Lamoriello] had done things for a long time here and was tremendously successful and built the organization the way he saw fit and left a tremendous legacy for us to follow," Hynes said. "For us, it's implementing the vision that Ray Shero has as a general manager that includes the culture and things that he would like to see on and off the ice."
Lamoriello, who was Devils GM for 28 seasons, left to become GM of the Toronto Maple Leafs on July 23. The Devils went 32-36-14 last season, the worst record during the Lamoriello era.
What does Hynes expect in his first season on the job?
"To maximize [our potential]," Hynes said. "We want to try to maximize every player's abilities, and at the end of the season if we can look back and say that we got everything we could out of this team, that's a positive. Whatever that end result is, we don't know yet. But I think the job of a coach and a team at the end of the year is that there's no regrets and you gave yourself a chance every night."
Friday also will mark the debut of defenseman Andy Greene as Devils captain. He was named to the role after practice Friday.
"I think I'll just go about my business the same way I've always gone," Greene said. "Be the same player and person. It's a letter. But I'll continue to play and be that same player."
The Devils will get the royal treatment Friday when they enter Prudential Center a few hours before the opening faceoff on a red carpet and in the presence of their fans in Championship Plaza.
It's the first time the Devils are opening the regular season at home since starting the 2011-12 season at home with a 3-0 loss to the Philadelphia Flyers.
The Jets are playing their second of four straight road games to begin the season. They beat the Boston Bruins 6-2 on Thursday. It was the first win in Boston for the Jets/Atlanta Thrashers franchise since March 31, 2007, and ended a 13-game losing streak there.
The Jets' six goals were scored by six players, and one player from all four forwards lines had a goal against the Bruins.
"It's huge. You're going to need sustained scoring all year," Jets right wing Blake Wheeler said. "You can't rely on one line. We've played that game before and it doesn't get us very far. [Balance] is what you need to be a good team."
Here are the projected lineups:
Andrew Ladd - Bryan Little - Blake Wheeler
Mathieu Perreault - Mark Scheifele - Nikolaj Ehlers
Alexander Burmistrov - Adam Lowry - Drew Stafford
Nicolas Petan - Andrew Copp - Chris Thorburn
Ben Chiarot - Dustin Byfuglien
Injured: Grant Clitsome (back)
Scratched: Adam Pardy, Paul Postma, Anthony Peluso
Mike Cammalleri - Travis Zajac - Lee Stempniak
Adam Henrique - Jacob Josefson - Kyle Palmieri
Reid Boucher - Sergey Kalinin - Jiri Tlusty
Tuomo Ruutu - Stephen Gionta - Jordin Tootoo
David Schlemko - Damon Severson
Injured: Patrik Elias (knee)
Scratched: Stefan Matteau, Brian O'Neill, Eric Gelinas
Status report: O'Neill, who was acquired Tuesday in a trade with the Los Angeles Kings, was serving as an extra forward in his second day of practice with the Devils. Hynes said no decision has been made as to when the right wing would play. … Maurice said the decision to start goaltender Michael Hutchinson against the Devils was based on the Jets playing on back-to-back nights and to allow Pavelec some rest after playing against the Bruins.
Who's Hot: Ladd leads Jets players with five goals in 11 games against the Devils. … Zajac led the Devils in the preseason with two goals and three points in four games.


text: The 18th annual "Sport Summit" will be held Feb. 1-2 at the Atlanta Hilton and Towers -- the first time the annual gathering will be in Atlanta, and in conjunction with "The Super Show," which begins Feb. 4. Topics will include on-site marketing during the Olympics; life after the '96 games; league labor strife; growth of minor league sports; PSL's; parasitic marketing; sports in cyberspace; success of auto racing; team and player licensing; and the future of college sports. Speakers will include: DR. LEROY WALKER, President, USOC; JOHN KRIMSKY, Dep. Sec. General, USOC; HARVEY SCHILLER, President, Turner Sports; LEIGH STEINBERG, Steinberg & Moorad; DAVID FALK, President, F.A.M.E.; TERDEMA USSERY, President, Nike Sports Management; BILL STRICKLAND, President, IMG Basketball; GREG CLIFTON, COO, Bob Woolf Associates; ALEX NIEROTH, Managing Dir, Clarion Performance Properties; DON GIBSON, VP/GM, MLB Properties; ERIC SCHULTZ, Dir/Olympic Marketing, Coca-Cola, USA; SCOTT SMYTHE, VP, VISA; JEFFREY POLLACK, Publisher, THE SPORTS BUSINESS DAILY; MARK KIDD, Pres/National Sports Group, Host Communications. Registration fee is $945, or $845 if received by Nov 10. Sponsorship, exhibition, and advertising opportunities are still available. For additional information contact Jim Rice at E.J. Krause & Associates, (301) 986-7800.


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The key point that you misunderstand is that the Origin header is incrementally useful as a CSRF defense whereas the Referer header is not. This is a subtle, but important, point in the design of the Origin header. On Fri, Jan 23, 2009 at 5:17 PM, Roy T. Fielding <email@example.com> wrote: [Re-ordered] > The notion that we can introduce Origin > now and reach anywhere near 97% correct deployment is absurd. Suppose a browser with 10% market share implements the Origin header. Then a Web site can protect 10% of their users from CSRF by adding three rules to their Web application firewall (WAF). > Regardless, Origin is not deployed and there is > no reason to believe that it would ever reach the 97% deployment > threshold. There is no deployment threshold for the Origin header. > So, what you are actually asking is > that we standardize an entirely new header field in the vague hope > that it will eventually be deployed correctly on better than 97% of > browsers The Origin header need not be deployed to 97% of browsers to be useful. The Origin header design achieves this by having three states: 1) Present and containing a scheme/host/port serialization 2) Present and containing the string "null" 3) Absent States (2) and (3) exist to distinguish supporting and non-supporting user agents. Sites can protect users of supporting user agents without affecting those that use non-supporting user agents. The Referer header has only two states: A) Present and containing a URL B) Absent Because the Referer header collapses states (2) and (3) into (B), the sites might lock out non-supporting user agents (or those behind proxies that make them appear to be non-supporting) in order for users of supporting user agents to reap the benefits of CSRF protection. For this reason, the Referer header is not incrementally useful as a CSRF defense. > No, those 3% of users would have to use TLS/SSL, which the site could > redirect to automatically (and should have been using anyway for a > state-changing authenticated request. Sadly, deploying HTTPS is not as easy as adding three rules to a WAF. Consider a site like Digg. Digg requires CSRF protection to prevent stories from digging themselves and causing other mischief. However, implementing HTTPS requires Digg to pay its CDN more money for HTTPS service, limits Digg to advertising networks that support HTTPS, and prevents Digg from showing YouTube videos on its front page. > Meanwhile, those same sites will implement this CSRF protection > using Referer, if they need it, since 97% protection is obviously better > than no success if they want to protect against CSRF. The 3% lock-out rate for using the Referer header causes sites to use other CSRF defenses that are expensive to engineer and difficult to retrofit onto existing sites. This prevents the bootstrapping effect you envision for convincing proxies to change their behavior. > Spend the > effort on improving the definition of Referer instead so that it > will be blocked by fewer proxies, and then help educate those > proxy vendors as to why they shouldn't make their own users more > vulnerable to CSRF attacks. The timeline for this approach is unbounded. The Origin header can become useful within one or two browser update cycles. > Sorry, the answer from this server developer is NO. Then you are free to operate a non-participating server and ignore the header. Other server developers have expressed their interest in operating a participating server. > Heck, HTTP parsing isn't implemented correctly in far > more than 3% of the browsers in the wild. Yet somehow we muddle along. >> What evidence do you have to back up this claim? > > 16 years of Web protocol implementations, 14 years being the editor > of the HTTP specs, and 13 years in which my contact information has > been supplied for people to send "why doesn't HTTP work?" messages > for both standards and Apache httpd. This is not evidence. This is an argument from authority. Thanks for your feedback, AdamReceived on Saturday, 24 January 2009 03:04:55 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 1 March 2016 11:10:48 UTC


text:
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Our Lady of Mount Carmel and Elijah
July 28, 2017 | Permalink
"Planted in the house of the Lord, They will flourish in the courts of our God." (Ps 92:13)
Celebrating both the Solemnities of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel and of Elijah - within four days' time - springs forth an image of what they share on the most hidden to manifest levels.
Reading the above verse from Psalm 92, on the day before Our Lady of Mount Carmel, I was struck by the invisible but essential aspect of being planted, that gives way to flourishing. I immediately thought of Mary, and our Lord being pleased to dwell in the "garden" of her heart, as she found the delight of her heart to dwell in the garden of His presence.
It simultaneously occurred to me how the consummate faith of Mary is one that is so permeated by God that she conceived and bore Him, as so many writers have described.
In every account from Scripture, her example gives witness to God being pleased to abide in her and act through her. Sometimes we hear of a human tendency to separate the intimacy of prayer, believing, with actions that flow from faith; the invisible, from the visible, the hidden, from the revealed (not a Carmelite approach!).
But there is no separation: only a progression, as in the seed taking root, to shoot outward and in its time, bear fruit. Praying, believing as Mary, does not raise a question about whether the hidden will have its impact. Jesus is the Seed, the Word, who will not return return void to the Father, achieving the end (Is 55:11).
How much that is true of Elijah! His communion of prayer with God was so thorough, that it could not but be revealed in his zeal, in mission: from the whisper in his inmost being, penetrating through his most depleted condition; and the fire that descended from heaven in view of all, finally raising him up into the fullness of God's fire of love.
Written by A Listening Heart
Other Blogs by Secular Discalced Carmelites:
- Bethany Hang Out – a blog by Shawn Chapman, OCDS. Shawn is a member of the Austin community of Secular Discalced Carmelites. She also writes regularly for ATX Catholic online.
- Elizabeth Explores Writing - a blog by Elizabeth Ogilvie, OCDS. Elizabeth is a Secular Discalced Carmelite of the U.S. Central Province.
- Gray Rising – a blog by Tim Bete, OCDS. Tim is a member of the community of the Secular Discalced Carmelites in Dayton, OH.
- Hearth Cake and a Jug of Water – Mary Bellman, a member of the Dallas OCDS community, sends out a daily Carmelite quotation by e-mail. Send her an email at firstname.lastname@example.com if you would like to be added on her mailing list and receive these Carmelite quotations.
- Illumina, Domine – a blog by Pat Enk, a Secular Discalced Carmelite of the U.S. Central Province.
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Clover Weaver Design


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British Cycling's Policy Advisor Chris Boardman, who today appeared at a government inquiry into women and sport, said that the survey shows that, "making Britain's roads safer for cyclists is integral to increasing participation."
The results of the Find Your Cycle Style Survey indicate a clear desire from women of all ages to cycle more regularly and in a variety of ways.
From the poll of over 2,300 women, 79% of respondents cited improving cycle safety and increasing the number of cycle paths in Great Britain as the key to increasing how often they cycle.
The data also provides a clear outline of the cycling habits of women who already cycle regularly, as well as those who would like to ride their bikes more.
For example, 55% of respondents are looking to buy a new bike and cited keeping fit and healthy as the predominant reason for cycling more regularly. Enjoying fun and social bike rides came in second before practical ideals of better commuting, losing weight and cycling to the shops followed on the list.
The Find Your Cycle Style Survey was commissioned by Future and British Cycling, in partnership with Evans Cycles, to better understand the women's market and their motivations for cycling.
Of those who currently own a bike, 47% cycle at least once a week throughout the year with the majority using either a road or mountain bike. 49% of bike owners use cycling as either a means for functional journeys such as going to the shops or commuting to work or education.
The evident growth in desire to cycle is positive news for the continued success of British Cycling's strategy to get one million more women cycling by 2020.
Representatives from British Cycling will be outlining the success of the strategy and the results of the survey today at a Sport Select Committee inquiry into women and sport. British Cycling's Policy Advisor will be giving evidence alongside Olympic medallist Emma Pooley and he believes the survey provides a clear indication of the measures that are needed to increase women's participation in cycling.
He said: "The survey results reaffirm our belief that making Britain's roads safer for cyclists is integral to our plans for increasing participation across all areas of cycling.
"It is imperative that national and local government provide political leadership and sustained investment to give cycling the priority it deserves.
"Bringing such benefits to the individual can also benefit society as a whole, which is why we are continuing our campaign to get one million more women cycling by 2020."
In terms of changing the structure and broadening the appeal of cycling, British Cycling has taken steps to:
- Encourage more organisers to put on women's races, including the introduction of the Women's Tour – a five day international stage race – on the UK calendar for next year. The event has been granted 2.1 status putting it into the top echelon of races, second only to World Cup events.
- More than double the number of Breeze female-only social rides on offer. Between March and October 2013, the Breeze programme has grown by almost half – with around 3,500 more rides taking place year on year.
- Begin a female-only coaching pilot project in the South East, while for the first time, the Go-Ride programme now features female-only coaching sessions for girls and young women.
For more information about how to get into cycling visit www.britishcycling.org.uk/getinvolved


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Did Galaxy Note 2 & DROID RAZR HD Miss Google's Memo?
Those who are eagerly waiting for the arrival of the Samsung Galaxy Note 2 hoping that it will come with the latest Android OS, Jelly Bean, may be in for huge disappointment. There is a rumor going around that the device will actually come with Android 4.0 installed despite the fact that Jelly Ban is showing up on devices already.
Motorola DROID RAZR HD & Samsung Galaxy Note 2 may launch with Android 4.0 ICS instead
Samsung have never been among the fastest of mobile manufacturers to release updates. However Jelly Bean has been announced so you would assume that a new device would come with it pre-installed. At the moment those who have the Samsung Galaxy S3 are still waiting to be updated but it is thought that this will be just around the corner.
Fans waiting for the Droid Razr HD from Motorola thought they might have had better luck. However video leaks of the handset have shown that it has Android 4.0 ICS installed too. The Motorola DROID Razr HD is said to be launching around October. It took Motorola almost 6 months to get the ICS update onto the Razr Maxx, so it could mean the Razr HD may not see Jelly Bean until next year. Of course by then it could be that there is another update announcement (Key Lime Pie?).
So when the two new devices are released, it could be a case of them being outdated even on the day of their launch, especially if rumors of 5 Nexus Jelly Bean phones coming in October-November are true.


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Thursday, September 1, 2011
Spring Has Sprung..........the Tea Cosy Is Done
22 comments:
Spring looks lovely at your house.ReplyDelete
That is one gorgeous tea cosy...
Gorgeous tea cosy! Spring has certainly sprung at your place, Claire!ReplyDelete
Claire, the tea cosy is WONDERFUL and I do love those little combi van singlets.ReplyDelete
I do believe I have one of those red Camellias in my front garden, such a gorgeous colour.
Your spring world is looking lovely. I hope the sunshine today has you feeling better.
Anne xx
Oh wow - that was worth waiting for! Your tea-cosy is amazing! Love all the detail :DReplyDelete
Those little vests are darn cute - I bet they were pretty fiddly to make :) Hope you are feeling better Claire - it's brightening up here as the day goes on. (I shouldn't really 'be here' - I'm supposed to be tidying, hehe!)
Oh the teacosy is GORGEOUS!!ReplyDelete
D.I.V.I.N.E. Love the tea cosy and it is worth every bit of effort. The ladybird especially Rich.ReplyDelete
Very cute! Do you have a special machine for that? It's wonderful!ReplyDelete
- The Pied PedlarSeptember 2, 2011 at 2:57 AM
I just LOVE the tea cosyReplyDelete
Lovely tea cosy, the ladybird is a brilliant addition. And yet again my head splits as I reconcile September being Spring for you, with blossom and all that. Now over here, it is what I call a proper September, golden with the leaves turning, AKA autumn...but I wouldn't mind some of your spring again.ReplyDelete
Claire, I want to buy your sunflower tea cozy! Seriously. I know you are trying to make things for your craft booth, but I think it needs to come and live in Kansas with me.ReplyDelete
Hi ClaireReplyDelete
Firstly - I LOVE the new-look blog! Gorgeous...
Secondly - I wondered if you'd seen my comment a while ago about wanting to buy one of your lovely tea cosies? I just love them! I hope you don't mind me asking.
Enjoy the spring - autumn is well and truly on its way on this side of the world
Emily x
Love your sunflower tea cosyReplyDelete
Wow, thankyou all for such lovely comments. Got a bit of a surprise when I turned the computer on !!ReplyDelete
Jemm, no special machine, I just adjust my settings and use a darning foot and off I go. Just google free motion embroidery.
Gretel, you might be wanting some of our Spring I'll swap it for some of your beautiful Autumn.
Gayle, I have the tea cosy earmarked for a friend who asked me to make one some time ago, but if it's not 'her cup of tea' hehe....... then it's off to Kansas.
Thankyou all for taking the time to say 'hi' it's much appreciated,
Claire X
The tea cosy is truly gorgeous! The colours are so Springlike, everything about it is amazing.ReplyDelete
Spring is my favourite time of year, I wish we could swap!
Hi Claire,ReplyDelete
It was lovely of you to visit me and I am thrilled that you enjoyed my blog. That tea cosy is adorable. Beautiful work. Monkey bread is also known as Cinnamon Buns. My sister is America calls it Monkey bread - no idea why! Have a lovely weekend. Liz xx
That tea cosy is simply brilliant! I am full of admiration for your skills with a needle.ReplyDelete
Spring: what a wonderful season and imagination generator!
Although it's almost autumn here in France ... with temperatures around 37°C today!
I am holding a giveaway... maybe you woul like to see if the gifts are to your liking. If so I think you deserve a little celebratory win after such a masterpiece of crafting ;-)
your tea cosy is incredible and very beautiful just like your spring blossom.ReplyDelete
I hope you are feeling much better now
jooles x
Love your tea cosy! The sunflowers are so cheerful and the lady bug (bird) is just the right touch!ReplyDelete
Hey Claire, loving that tea cosy, you are so clever with your sewing machine!!! I have just put in a heap of different sunflower seeds, so hope they give me a good display later in the year. And I love those kombi singlets, so cute! Your garden is looking great too, have a great week, Julie :)ReplyDelete
Your tea cosy is lovely! You are so talented and I really admire your handywork. I know, the weather is something we can talk about but do nothing about except to appreciate it. We have rain for the first time in a long time. Only 1/2 inch the whole month of August and already it has rained 3 or 4 inches in one day, but now it is September. Have a wonderful Labor Day!ReplyDelete
Wow!!! nice work (and skills) with the writing!! Looks like hard work to me.ReplyDelete
I adore the tea cozy.ReplyDelete
Life's busy isn't it?......thanks for taking the time to leave a comment.
I love hearing from you and will reply via email unless you are set up as a
'no reply blog'
in which case I will reply here on the comments page...♥