text:
Chapter Editor: Martin von Willebrand1
Introduction to Software Protection under Finnish Law
Body of law
Copyright protection of software is regulated in Finland under the Copyright Act which was originally enacted on 8 July 1961 and has been amended multiple times thereafter. The current version of the Act is available in Finnish and Swedish via the Finlex-website of the Ministry of Justice, www.finlex.fi. An unofficial translation of the act by the Ministry of Justice is also available, although it is not as up to date as the Finnish and Swedish versions. 1 This Act provides for stipulations on copyright and many neighbouring rights, such as the right to a database and right to directories. Software copyright is covered by the general stipulations on copyright and a number of software specific stipulations.
The Copyright act implements the Council Directive of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs (91/250/EEC) into Finnish national law by amendments enacted on 11 January 1991 (many principles were anticipated at this time) and 7 May 1993. The original paragraphs then enacted have thereafter been modified and replaced in subsequent amendments.
In the current Copyright Act, the relevant articles containing computer program specific stipulations are:
- Art 1, second paragraph – work of liter
- Article 25 j – copying and examination
- Article 25 k – reverse engineering
- Article 40 b – employment relationship
- Article 56 c – sanction on distribution of protection circumvention
In addition, computer program exclusions are found in Art 11, second paragraph; Art 12, second paragraph; Art 19, third paragraph; Art 50a, fourth paragraph; Art 50b, third paragraph; Art 50c, fifth paragraph and Art 56a, second paragraph.
Copyright Act: Object of Protection
Computer programs are protected by copyright as literary works, as stipulated in Article 1 of the Copyright Act. In order to benefit of the protection, a computer program needs to be original in the sense that it it is the author's own intellectual creation.2 As stipulated in paragraph 3 of article 1 of the computer software directive, no other criteria may be used to determine whether the program can be subject to copyright protection. Based on this it has been argued that computer programs are eligible for copyright protection even with less requirements than with other literary works, which need to surpass a threshold of originality.3 The case-law on computer programs and eligibility for copyright protection is scarce.4
Copyright to a work, such as a computer program belongs to the author. An author is always a natural person, since only individuals may create intellectual creations.
There is only one automatic transfer of copyright in the Copyright Act. Under Article 40 b, if a computer program and a work directly relating to it has been created in the fulfillment of duties arising from an employment relationship, copyright to the program and the work passes to the employer. The same applies to creations of functionaries of public entities.
Computer program covers software code (in source and binary form). Source code commentaries in the code fall under the definition of computer software (or at least under works that directly relate to computer software). Source code documentation is a work that directly relates to computer software. Supporting material also classifies as a work that directly relates to computer software.5 As supporting material can be considered user manuals, instructions or the like. Other works contained in the software (such as text, music, pictures, forms, movies) may fall under the definition of "works that directly relate to it", but it is not certain to what extent this is the case. According to the preparatory works (HE 161/90), e.g. a text file contained within the program would fall within a work that directly relates to the program.
Right to databases created similarly in employment or as functionaries are equally passed to the employer or public body.
Exclusive rights
The general exclusive rights stipulated in the Copyright Act apply to computer programs. According to article 2 of the Copyright Act the economic rights comprise the exclusive right to dictate on the work by (a) reproduction of copies and (b) dissemination to the public as modified or not, as a translation or adaptation or in another literary or artistic form or in another way.
As reproduction of a copy is considered reproduction in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, temporarily or permanently and with any means and in any form. Transferring of a copy to a device in which it can be performed is also considered reproduction.
Dissemination to the public occurs when 1) the work is conveyed to the public with or without wiring, including conveying of the work in a way that individuals within the public may access the work from a place and at a time chosen by such individuals; 2) the work is publicly performed to an audience present; 3) a copy of the work is offered for sale, rental, lending or it is otherwise distributed to the public or; 4) the work is displayed publicly without technical aid. As public performance and conveyance to the public is also considered performance and conveying to a quite large closed circle with a purpose to earn.
Exceptions to Exclusive Rights
Article 19 of the law provides that the first sale in the European Economic Area of a copy of a program with the consent of the right holder shall exhaust the distribution right of that copy within the Area, with the exception of the right to control further rental or lending of the program or a copy thereof.
Article 25 j provides that
(1) In the absence of specific contractual provisions, no authorization by the rightholder is required for acts necessary for the use of the computer program by the lawful acquirer in accordance with its intended purpose, including error correction.
(2) The reproduction by way of a back-up copy by a person having a right to use the computer program may not be prevented, insofar as that copy is necessary to use the program.
(3) The person having a right to use a copy of a computer program is entitled, without the authorization of the rightholder, to observe, study or test the functioning of the program in order to determine the ideas and principles which underlie any element of the program if he does so while lawfully performing any of the acts of loading, displaying, running, transmitting or storing the program.
This article basically restates the three exceptions of article 5 of the Computer Program Directive. The exceptions (2) and (3) are mandatory and a contract stipulation to the contrary is void.
Article 25 k of the law explains in detail in which circumstances no authorization of the right holder is required to reproduce and/or translate a computer program in order to obtain the information necessary to achieve the interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs. This exception is mandatory and a contract stipulation to the contrary is void.
Moral rights
General stipulations in the Copyright Act on moral rights applies to computer programs. Moral rights constitute of the paternity right and the right to require respect of the author. Paternity right means that in reproduction and in dissemination to the public, the author has to be stated in accordance with good practice. Any modification of the work must respect the author in a way that the literary value and originality of the work is not infringed in a manner offending the author.
Due to the nature of computer programs, the moral rights is considered to have only a lesser importance. Computer programs can hardly be modified in a way offending the author. The good practice in the field does not normally require stating the name of the author when the author is an employee and the copyright holder is the employer.6
Moral rights may not be transferred. Moral rights may be waived in a connection where the work is used in a manner that is limited in scope. This applies equally to the right of paternity and the right to respect.
Term of protection
The term of copyright protection for computer programs is the same as for other works. Under Article 43 of the Copyright Act: 70 years following the year of death of the author. In case of multiple authors, this is calculated from the year of death of the author who died last. In case of derivative works, the copyright term of the right of the modifier is independent of the copyright term of the original work, i.e. the copyright to the modifications lasts until the 70 years following the year of death of the author of the modifications.7
Copyright assignment
Copyright can be assigned in full, except for moral rights. Moral rights include most importantly the obligation to state the author when distributing the work to the public and also, although hardly applicable to computer software, the prohibition to change the work in a way that offends the author. Under Finnish law, no requirement of form is presumed and the Copyright Act does not contain any stipulated requirement of form. Therefore assigning of copyright is not subject to requirements of form. For example oral contracts could be possible, however, for the purposes evidencing the contract, written contracts are recommended.
A copyright assignment does not include the right to further assign the copyright, nor the right to modify the assigned work, unless it is agreed to the contrary in the contract of assignment. Therefore these rights should be expressly included in any assignment, if full assignment is the objective.
As to applicable law, it seems possible that copyright created under the Finnish Copyright Act can be assigned under some another law, if such applicable law is agreed in the assignment contract. However, this is not totally certain. The uncertainty comes from the question whether the freedom of contract can cover all aspects of a right based on law.
In the relationship of employee and employer, copyright to a computer program and a related work passes automatically to the employer based on Article 40 b of the Copyright Act. This has been described in more detailed in the numbered paragraph 5. Copyright to any other type of work will remain by the employee, unless a specific agreement on copyright assignment has been entered into. This could be done in an employment agreement or otherwise. In lack of a specific agreement on assignment, the employer will receive a right of use. The exact coverage of such right of use is unclear: at least it covers the primary use of the work known at the time of creation of the work.
In the relationship of a contractor and a procurer, there is no difference between computer programs and other types of works. The copyright to the created work is held by the the creator of the work, i.e. the contractor. If no explicit assignment is agreed, then the contractor will continue to hold the copyright to the created work and the procurer will receive a right of use in accordance with the agreement between the parties. In lack of a specific agreement, the right of use is presumed and derived from the joint purpose of the parties.
An unpaid contributor is handled similarly as a contractor. In lack of a specific agreement on assignment or right of use, a right of use is presumed and derived from the joint purpose of the parties.
Special Measures
In general the Copyright Act contains civil law sanctions for breach of copyright and some provisions on criminal sanctions regarding lesser crimes. The Penal Code contains criminal sanctions on more severe copyright and related crimes. There are some criminal consequences that are specific to, or relate only to computer programs.
As a crime is considered (i) disseminating to the public or holding for dissemination to the public, (ii) with a purpose to earn, (iii) tools which are exclusively aimed at facilitating the unlawful removal or circumvention of technical means protecting a computer program.
The provisions regarding prohibition of circumvention of technological measures do not apply to computer programs (Articles 50 a , 50 b and 50 c).
Unprotected software and public domain software
As set forth above, only software that is original in the sense that it is an intellectual creation of the author benefits of copyright protection. As stipulated in paragraph 3 of article 1 of the computer software directive, no other criteria may be used to determine whether the program can be subject to copyright protection. This is different than with other works which need to surpass a threshold of originality. Although this requirement of the directive has not been implemented to the Copyright Act, legal literature considers it applicable in Finland. Based on this it has been argued that computer programs are eligible for copyright protection even with less requirements than with other literary works, which need to surpass a threshold of originality.8 The case-law on computer programs and eligibility for copyright protection is scarce.9
Non-original software does not come into consideration for copyright protection and can be used freely from a copyright perspective. The minimal case-law references were described in footnote 1.
There is no concept of public domain in the Finnish Copyright Act.10 However, based on the general principles of law, it can be concluded that it is possible that an author decides to grant a computer program into the public domain. This grant is possible vis-a-vis the economical rights, but not vis-a-vis the moral rights. Public domain computer programs are generally understood to mean such works of which the author has renounced all copyrights and which can therefore be freely used, with the exception of moral rights (for discussion on the content of moral rights, see numbered paragraphs , and ).
Although it is uncertain what is required for a notice to fully place a program to the public domain, the writer of this explanation would deem notices, given by the author, such as "This program is placed into the public domain" or "This program is in the public domain" to be sufficient under Finnish law. In this context, one must remember the requirements in relation to assigning copyright. In order for an assignee of copyright to have the right to modify the work, such right must be agreed upon in the assignment contract (Article 28 of the Copyright Act). If placing a work to the public domain is compared to an assignment of copyright to the public, the question is, should the public domain notice include a statement on modifications. My conclusions is that it should not, since the right to modify a public domain work is so clearly intended by an author placing a computer program into public domain.
FOSS is not considered public domain software under Finnish law. This is simply because an author of FOSS reserves the copyright. An author placing a work into the public domain does differently: he or she renounces copyright.
Analysis of FOSS under Finnish Law
Under Finnish Copyright Law, FOSS licenses can be analysed on a very general level as follows. Nothing else than the FOSS license grants the user of the computer program the rights that he needs in order to comply with copyright legislation. Therefore a user needs to benefit from the license, and that can only be done by fulfilling the license conditions. To the extent the license constitutes an agreement, the user would need to accept the conditions.
Although FOSS can be written by one person or be owned by one legal entity, FOSS can in many cases be the result of the work of several authors. The question is whether later additions create a jointly created work (Article 6 of the Copyright Act), or whether the original software is the end work and every contribution created during the further development of the software, a derivative work (Article 4 of the Copyright Act). The legal consequences are different.
Qualification of FOSS
A work that has been originally created by several parties, is a jointly created work. In addition, any work in which the end result is such that the individual contributions cannot be separated from each other, is a joint work. The joint working can occur both simultaneously and successively.11
FOSS can also consist of an original work and modifications made to it. The end result is thus a derivative of the original work.
FOSS can also become a collective work which is a combination of many parties' works. In this case the author of the collective work is the person assembling and choosing the different works. The permission of the author of the collective work is again required for deciding on the license to the whole.
Looking at the different legal scenarios in the light of FOSS development, it seems that many FOSS projects could be partly jointly created works (e.g. the portions created jointly by the project), partly derivative works (e.g. the contributions received later on) and partly collective works (e.g. the third party FOSS components included in the project).
The version control systems used in computer program development make it often easy to separate between contributions of different persons. Although this might make it possible to assess everything as derivative works, it is uncertain whether jointly planned and executed computer programming would still be joint work, even if a version control system can be used to track every addition of a character to the code.
Rights of the original co-authors
In the case of a jointly created work, the copyright is held jointly, meaning that each author's permission is required for the exploitation of the work. E.g. the decision of the downstream license needs to be joint.
In case the joint authors have not agreed or cannot agree upon the license, the work cannot be licensed at all. The regulations on joint ownership is applied and, in the end, if no common solution is found, the parties have the option to apply for separation of the joint ownership. The end result could be that the work is auctioned.
Written upfront agreement between the most important contributors is recommended, when starting a new project. Oral agreements can be in principle executed as well as written agreements, but typically it is not easy to show the content of such agreement. A written agreement should cover the nature of the project, the roles of the parties, the copyright notices used, the downstream license applied, the way to make decisions and the ways to change the agreement.
Every author of a jointly created work, has the right to present claims on the basis of copyright infringement. In this case, no joint decision is required.
Authors of derivative works
Most FOSS projects will include derivative works. Even all contributions can be considered derivative works. In this case the copyright to the original work is held by the original author, whereas the copyright to the modifications is held by the next author. These copyrights are – when separated – independent and full copyrights, but the derivative work cannot be distributed without the consent of both authors.
The combination of the original work and the modifications se can be used only by the permission of both the original author and the next author. The downstream license to the whole will need to be agreed together.
A written upfront agreement is recommended between the major contributors starting the project. See the numbered paragraph
Enforcement by the authors can occur separately. Each author is able to enforce only the part in which he or she holds the copyright.
The assignment of copyrights
In order to control the project in an organised manner, it may be useful to collect all copyrights concerning a FOSS project within one organisation (i.e. a legal entity). The existence of this organisation will simplify the management and enforcing of the joint rights12. The assigning of copyrights is perfectly possible under Finnish law, as long as the requirements for assigning copyright are fulfilled (this has been discussed earlier starting from the numbered paragraph ). Assigning can also be made by way of a fiduciary assignment of copyrights. The fiduciary assignment means that the party to whom the copyrights are assigned shall not act for himself but on account of others who have transferred the rights (the original authors). A fiduciary assignment would ressemble ordinary assignment added with contractual conditions regarding the fiduciary's and original authors' roles, rights and responsibilities.
Moral copyrights
As described earlier (see starting from the numbered paragraph ), moral rights cannot be assigned under Finnish law, nor can they be fully waived. However, they have less important as regards computer programs.
In Finland, it is considered that the good practice in the software industry does not require the employer to state the names of the employee authors (or contractor personnel) in connections with the dissemination of the computer program. However, this is not necessarily so for FOSS, since (I) the authors have not assigned their copyrights to the third parties disseminating the program, (II) the authors have not received salary or another compensation from the third party and (III) often the authors are keen to receive acknowledgement on and respect for the use of their works.
Moral rights apply equally to FOSS regardless whether it has been created as a derivative work, joint work or otherwise. Each relevant author has his or her moral rights.
Enforcing FOSS licenses
In general, FOSS licenses can be deemed enforceable under Finnish law. There is no existing case law on FOSS licenses, but nothing else grants a third party distributor the right to distribute the FOSS, but the license. There are no formal requirements for granting licenses. Therefore, FOSS licenses are enforceable.
However, it might be difficult to clearly attach a computer program to a license. The project may have done their homework poorly and the license is not adequately communicated to the users, or there are discrepancies in the information given. License attachment clauses might be unclear. These might lead to interpretation. Also, individual licenses may have wordings that are subject to interpretation and not all elements of all licenses are necessarily enforceable or, they might be interpreted differently than what was assumed by a project. These uncertainties do not mean that FOSS licenses would be unenforceable, but the end result of the enforcement might be not satisfactory due to inclarity of licensing.
There is very little discussion in Finland on whether a computer program license is (I) an agreement between the copyright holder and the user including copyright permissions grants or (II) whether it is a unilateral permission by the copyright holder alone. In both cases, the document will need to grant the copyright permissions. As regards execution possibilities, copyright related execution possibilities would apply in both cases. Contract related execution possibilities would be applicable in the contract situation and probably be applicable in the unilateral permission situation too. Therefore there is little or no difference between these legal concepts.
Violation of a license condition would normally classify as a copyright infringement. A FOSS license cannot be deemed as solely a transfer of a copy of a work and therefore all types of conditions contained in a license – depending on the wording of the license – can be considered as prerequisites for the copyright grant. Not observing these could be construed as losing the copyright grant and therefore resulting in a copyright violation, and not a mere contract violation.
Waiver and liability
Typically, FOSS licenses contain very strong liability limitation clauses, which discharge the author from all liability. Most clauses discharge all liability for quality faults in the software and many clauses discharge also liability for issues in the title to the FOSS. The reason for this is that FOSS is mostly made available without a fee, as a result of which the author generates insufficient income to pay for liability insurances and legal costs13.
Where business models are built around FOSS, many times guarantees are offered against a fee, or as a part of payable services.
There is no general requirement to offer warranties in (I) business to business or (II) individual to business or (III) individual to individual relations. Thus FOSS liability limitations can be considered valid. In a very rare occasion, the reasonability of such a provision could be contested. However, since FOSS is mostly licensed without a fee, this would need to be a very special situation to be able to succeed on grounds of being an unreasonable contract term.
However, in relationship between a business and an individual, who is using the product of the business as a consumer, there are requirements as to different types of faults in the product. These requirements apply to consumer products and not so to services. Whereas computer software can be considered a product in some cases (typically for the off-the-shelf proprietary software sales), this would not normally apply to FOSS. However, since FOSS is normally not sold for a fee, and even proprietary off-the-shelf copies sold include often full liability limitations, the risk in that a FOSS license liability limitation would be deemed contrary to law or unreasonable, can be seen as low.
Product liability rules are generic and do not specifically react to software licensing regimes.
The copyleft principle
A characteristic found in different (but not all14) FOSS licenses is the so-called "copyleft" principle. FOSS licenses which incorporate the copyleft principle15, lay down as a license provision that in order to be entitled to further distribute the program with modifications, such modifications must be licensed under the same terms as the original program. The extent of "modifications" vary. In some licenses only direct modifying of the files are considered modifications, whereas in others any creation of derivative work is subject to the copyleft rule.
The copyleft principle may – depending on the case – restrict the commercial use possibilities of the software. Sometimes fears are expressed that a copyleft software could unintentionally cause the company's copyrighted works to become subject to a copyleft license. This is a misconception. The sanction for incorporating copyleft code in an unpermitted manner into proprietary software are the normal copyright law sanctions resulting for unpermitted use of a copyrighted work.
Copyleft clauses are as valid as any other clauses in copyright licenses. This has been discusses earlier starting from numbered paragraph Some copyleft clauses (notably in GPL version 2 the question on the extent of copyleft is unclear) are unclear and may as such become subject to interpretation.
Compensations and Damages
Copyright violations entitle the copyright holders to claim for copyright compensation and damage. Copyright compensation is typically equal to the license fee charged for the infringing act, if the license had been lawfully acquired. Damage is any damage occurring due to the infringement, e.g. costs due to specialist work for inspecting the infringing acts. In addition, legal and other costs are compensated in principle fully, but in practice to some extent.
In FOSS context, the amount of copyright compensation can be difficult to establish. If FOSS has been distributed against the copyleft principle, the compensation would in principle be the license price the copyright holder would ask for such distribution.
FOSS Cases in Finland
No cases have been reported yet (April 2011).
Recommended literature
There are no wider literature presentations on Finnish Copyright legislation in English. The references here are to literature in Finnish or Swedish.
Haarmann, Pirkko-Liisa: Tekijänoikeus ja lähioikeudet. Talentum. Helsinki 2005.
Välimäki, Mikko: Oikeudet tietokoneohjelmiin. Talentum. Helsinki 2009.
1 Finnish version: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1961/19610404, Swedish version http://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/ajantasa/1961/19610404 and the unofficial translation to English http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1961/en19610404. Links retrieved on 20 April 2011.
Act regarding the transposition into Belgian law of the European Directive of 14 May 1991 on the legal protection of computer programs of 30 June 1994, Belgian Official Gazette B.S., 27 July 1994.
2Article 1, paragraph 3 of the computer program directive 91/250/EEC.
3 Haarmann 2005, pages 62 and 74.
4 A decision by the Appeal Court of Helsinki on 28 December 1999 (R 99/661) discusses the question of a computer program's eligibility for copyright protection. At least two decisions of the Copyright Council discuss the same question (TN 1989:7 and 1997:12).
5Prepratory works HE 161/90, under article 40 b of the detailed argumentation.
6 These arguments have been presented in the preparatory works of Article 40 b (law proposal HE 161/90), under specific argumentation of the article.
7 This is a logical conclusion of the wording of Artcile 4 of the Act. The same result is presented by Haarmann (2005), page 245.
8 Haarmann 2005, pages 62 and 74.
9 A decision by the Appeal Court of Helsinki on 28 December 1999 (R 99/661) discusses the question of a computer program's eligibility for copyright protection. At least two decisions of the Copyright Council discuss the same question (TN 1989:7 and 1997:12).
10 Article 9 of the Copyright Act lists works that are not subject to copyright protection, such as Acts and Decrees and these can be considered to be in the public domain. However, this is not an acknowledgment of the concept of granting a work into the public domain, as decided by the author.
11 Haarmann 205, page 104.
12 FSFE (Free Software Foundation Europe) recommends that developers of Free Software projects use its Fiduciary License Agreement (FLA) to assign their rights to a fiduciary (preferably the FSFE). For an analysis of the FLA also under Belgian law, see Y., VAN DEN BRANDE, "The Fiduciary Licence Agreement: Appointing legal guardians for Free Software Projects", IFOSS L. Rev., Vol 1, Issue 1, p. 9.
13B., PERENS, "The Open Source Definition", Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution, http://perens.com/OSD.html.
14 Nor the principles (freedoms) of the Free Software movement, nor the Open Source Definition mandate the copyleft clause. Several FOSS licenses don't contain a copyleft clause. Examples hereof are the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) license and the Apache license.
15 E.g., GPL version 3 Art. 5 stipulates: "You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it." GPL version 2 Art. 2 b stipulates: "You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License".


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Milton Keynes South MP Iain Stewart has welcomed the announcement that the five biggest UK bus operators will roll-out contactless travel for all buses by 2022.
Millions of bus and rail passengers across the UK will in future be able to pay for their travel using contactless cards and devices.
Smart ticketing offers more convenience and flexibility for passengers, allowing seamless connections across different modes of transport and helping reduce ticket queues and crowding at key transport interchanges.
Mr Stewart who sits on the Transport Select Committee said, "The smart ticketing revolution is helping to build a modern, affordable transport network that provides better journeys for everyone."
He added: "With MK being a transport hub with companies such as ITSO, Network Rail and the Transport Catapult here in MK I strongly believe we can be a leader in this area."
As well as the bus operator's announcement, the rail industry has agreed a tranche of funding and a new framework to explore how contactless payments could be introduced for rail season tickets or long-distance train travel, so MK passengers would no longer have to print out tickets.
Conservative Councillor and Shadow Spokesperson for Transport and Highways Alex Walker said: "I have long thought Milton Keynes could do much more when it comes to smart ticketing.
"This is a positive announcement but with MK as a Smart City the Council should be doing to more in bringing smart ticketing innovation forward.
"This would certainly be something we would be focusing on should we take control of the Council in May."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
So I was going to hold off on sharing this yet but as my ideal date for publishing my forthcoming book has already passed I though it would be nice to share one of the techniques I worked on which is included in the next book. As far as I'm aware no one else has done this and it's something new with the potential to be expanded on.
Basically this was an idea that I've had floating around for ages but hadn't until now refined into something that worked how I wanted. The basic idea was to find a way to add protein to vegetables or a vegetable base, along with flavour, then bind this with transglutaminase (an enzyme which can bind proteins together sometimes know as meat-glue) so that you have an end product with a new texture and flavour which can be cooked if you wish but that is built from just a couple of ingredients.
I used mushrooms, and this is now something I've made many times and given out tasters of, and it is truly delicious! Definately the meatiest thing you will ever taste that isn't actually meat! Its got amazing depth of flavour from the combination of mushrooms with umami rich tamari and then a final stage of being smoked before being salted and marinated in oil. It has a flavour like a cured or aged product and a big hit of Umami
I'm going to share the technique and my recipe here but not the completed dish that I use this in, you'll have to wait for the book for that and the other new ideas I've been developing (now due in september).
So before the recipe here is the break down of the techniques basic steps
1) Slice & dehydrate your chosen vegetable (in this case mushrooms sliced thin)
2) Rehydrate the vegetables in a 12% soy protein isolate solution along with additional flavours (in this case tamari)
3) Squeeze the vegetable to get rid of as mush liquid a possible
4) Stir 5% of the mixtures weight of transglutaminase through the prepared vegetables
5) Press the Vegetables in a tofu press or similar for around 4 hours to bind together
6) Now its set vacuum the resulting pressed block and cook sous vide at 62C for 2 hours to de-nature the enzyme (necessary in some countries for food hygiene when using transglutaminase)
Additional steps -
7) I then cut the pressed mushroom block into cubes and smoked it with oak using a Smoking Gun
8) FInally I salt the pessed mushroom cubes and marinade them in oil
Note - Transglutaminase is itself an enzyme rather than a meat product and so is suitable for vegetarians so long as you check with your suppler that it was produced in a manner suitable for vegetarians.
Recipe - Pressed Mushrooms
This recipe could be adapted so long as you use 5% Transglutmainase and 12% Soy Protien Isolate
80g Dried Sliced Mushrooms (from approx 750G fresh mushrooms dehydrated)
80g Tamari
500ml Boiling Water
60g Soy Protein Isolate
20g Transglutaminase Activa EB
Maldon Salt
Rapeseed Oil
First slice thin and dehydrate approx. 750g fresh mushrooms.
Dehydrate at 52C for 12 hours
You should end up with approximately 80g dried mushrooms.
In a bowl mix the 80g of dried mushrooms with 120g tamari
Then in a jug mix together 500ml of boiling water with 60g Soy Protein Isolate, stirring well to create a slurry.
Pour this hot soy protein slurry over the friend mushrooms in the bowl and mix together well then allow this mixture to sit for one hour.
Next strain the mushrooms and using muslin squeeze out as much liquid from the mushrooms as possible.
You should have around 400g of mushroom mix at this point.
Season with maldon salt
Mix in 5% of weigth in transglutaminase - 20g in this case
Mix well.
Place this mixture in a tofu press lined with muslin and place a heavy weight on top then let this sit at room temperature for four hours while the transglutaminase binds the protein spiked mushrooms together.
Take the resulting firm pressed mushroom block and vacuum pack it then cook SousVide at 62C for two hours. When finished cooking place immediately into ice water to cool.
Now cut the mushroom black into cubes of your desired size and place in a bowl. Use the smoking gun to smoke the mushroom cubes with oak and sit them in the smoke for 5 minutes.
FInally sprinkle the pressed mushroom cubes with salt and place in a tub with a clove of fresh garlic and a couple of bay leaves and pour over enough rapeseed oil to cover.
Allow to marinade in the fridge for at least 24 hours before serving.
Hope you enjoy it
Sour Cucumber Puree
600g Cucumber Juice
120g Caster Sugar
8g Citric Acid
8g Ascorbic Acid
7g Agar Agar
Juice the cucumbers to obtain 600g fresh cucumber juice.
Immediately mix the ascorbic and citric acid into the cucumber juice, followed by the sugar.
Separate out 300g of the cucumber juice into a pan, whisk in the agar and gently heat to a simmer whilst stirring. Hold the mixture at a simmer for three minutes then remove from the heat.
Now off the heat slowly pour the cold cucumber juice which was set to one side into the hot juice in the pan. Stir and then pour out into plastic containers to set in the fridge.
Once the gel has set use a stick blender to blend it to a smooth puree.
Reserve in a squeeze bottle
Marinated Tofu
240g Plain Tofu
1 Stick / 12g Kombu
50g Dried Shittake
500 ml boiling water
1 teaspoon dried thyme
80g Tamari
2 tablespoons rice wine vinegar
Combine the kombu, shitake, thyme, tamari and vinegar in a bowl. Pour over the boiling water and leave to infuse for 2 hours.
Strain the dash and cut the tofu into 3cm cubes. Marinade the tofu cubes in the dashi at least 24 hours before cooking.
The Tempura Batter
100ml Methylcellulose Slurry (Made by blending 3g methylcellulose in 200ml boiling water then stirring until it cools and thickens - store excess in the fridge)
85ml Vodka
125g Plain Flour
2 teaspoons Chinese 5 spice
Pinch Dried Chilli
A good pinch of salt
Mix all the liquids together and stir well.
Combine the flour with the spice and salt in a bowl.
Now whisk the liquid into the flour until smooth.
Strain the batter to remove any lumps.
Pour into a cream whipper and charge with two co2 chargers.
Chill if the fridge. Ideally for arround two hours
Heat deep frying oil to 190C.
Place pieces of tofu first into flour and coat. Shake off excess flour.
Spray some batter out of the whipper into a bowl.
Dip the tofu into the batter then drop in the fryer, cook 2-3 mins until crispy.
Drain off excess oil on paper towel.
Seaweed Ash
Burn Dulse seaweed with a blow torch in a bowl until it no longer flames but just glows read.
Allow to cool, carefully place the ash in a spice grinder and powder, store in an airtight container
Plating up -
Dot cucumber purée arround the plate,
Place a few of the tofu tempura arround the plate.
Finish by sprinkling over the seaweed ash
Bronze Fennel, Apple and Elderflower Infused Cucumber, Feta
This dish was inspired by some of the things growing in my parents garden in the summer. This dish is just a couple of elements but to me it is my parents garden at this time of year on a plate.
I loved the shapes and look of the bronze fennel leaves and their natural taste, so I did nothing to these except for pick the tips at random. The leaves have a slightly sweet anise flavour, almost like liquorice.
I decided to pair the fennel with elderflower that was growing near by and then also apple, which goes beautifully with both fennel and elderflower.
I prepared a sweet and aromatic infusion of apple and elderflower, with a hit of calvados and vacuum infused (see bellow) cucumber with this liquid. The vacuum infused cucumber has a really interesting texture and a translucency that makes it look like gellee once it's been cut to small 2mm cubes.
Vacuum infusing the cucumber with apple elderflower is my play on the idea of the dish as a salad. I also used tiny cubes of feta give a nice salty and sharp touch.
I loved playing with idea of presenting the dish in a way that contrasted the beautiful natural and spiky shape of the fennel leaves with the geometric shapes I cut the feta and infused cucumber into.
NOTE - I actually came back to this dish a year later and did a version of it for Norwegian D2 Magazine, here I included some diced pickled beetroot and a smoked apple puree.
They ended up using the dish on their front cover -
Apple and Elderflower Vacuum Infused Cucumbers
Apple and Elderflower Liquid -
200g Calvados
400g Apple Juice
4 Tablespoons Dried Elderflower
75g Caster Sugar
Zest of one lemon
Juice of one lemon
Heat all the ingredients except the lemon juice in a pan and bring to a simmer. Allow to gently simmer, occasionally stirring, for 15 minutes.
Set the pan to one side to allow the liquid to slowly cool.
Then strain and add the lemon juice.
Chill in the fridge until needed
Cucumber Infusion –
The easiest way to perform this vacuum infusion is using a chamber vacuum machine, however if you do not have access to one you can go to the following link for information from Dave Arnold on other infusion techniques - see his post here
So first off I cut thin (a couple of millimetre thick) strips of cucumber flesh.
Place the cucumber strips in a tub. Pour over all of the chilled apple and elderflower liquid to cover the cucumber well.
Now pull a vacuum on the cucumbers which are submerged in the infusion liquid - you will see air bubbling out of the cucumber strips.
When you release the vacuum the air rushes back in - this will force liquid into the space left from removing the air from the cucumber
Once infused the cucumber will turn translucent. You then just need to cut the cucumber into small 2mm cubes.
Simply cut good quality feta to the same 2mm cubes as the cucumber
To Plate Up
I simply placed a few springs of the bronze fennel around the plate. Then placed cucumber and feta cubes all around the plate and finished off the dish with a sprinkling of fresh elderflowers and a pinch of Himalayan Pink Salt.
(Savory Beetroot Meringue using Methylcellulose)
Methylcellulose –
An Introduction and two recipes –
- Savory Meringue
- Super light and crispy Tempura
Available from www.Modernist-Chef.com
Methylcellulose is a popular hydrocolloid which can form a gel or act as a thickener when hydrated. Particular to methylcellulose is that it gels when its heated rather than once it cools. Because of this unique quality it's often used to make mousses and gellees which are firm when they are hot but melt as they cool. Due to this many chefs have used methylcellulose in the pursuit of creating a 'hot ice-cream', the idea being to create something with the texture of ice-cream but served hot which then melts in the mouth as it cools (personally I haven't come across a version of this yet which I think really works i.e. really gives an experience like eating ice-cream only hot –but I hope someone will crack it at some point).
Methylcellulose is used in various ways in modern cuisine. It can be used to great effect to create foams. Can be added to liquids which may then be dried to form films and baked into crisp brittle sheets. It can act a replacement for egg whites in some recipes as it can be whipped in a similar way to provide a similar structural element in a recipe (like with the beetroot meringue recipe bellow).
It's also used in some deep fried foods, as when it comes into contact with the hot oil in a fryer it forms an oil impermeable film. Due to this using methylcellulose in deep fried products both reduces the amount of moisture which escapes from the coated ingredient and also reduces the about of oil absorbed into the coated item – this can help to achieve a crispier, lighter product with a great texture.
Methylcellulose is one of the very few modern ingredients I use which is not entirely 'natural' but synthesized from natural ingredients, namely cellulose - often from cotton. Its non-toxic and non-allergenic and a perfectly healthy and safe ingredient to use in food so don't be scared off by the fact it's synthesized. Bear in mind you most likely consume it fairly regularly already as it's used in huge variety of products including foods and medicines (even vitamin tablets).
Typical use levels –
0.5% - 2% typical concentration for use in cooking
To replace egg whites use 2g Methylcellulose blended into 35g water to replace each egg white. Note – Methylcellulose prepared this way will whip to stiff peaks but you need to be persistent in your whipping to get it to nice stiff peaks.
You can buy Methylcellulose here.
I will return to this post soon to add recipes and techniques for foams, hot gellees and mousses which melt as they cool, films, and brittle sheets - all using methylcellulose.
Savory Beetroot Meringue (vegan)


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Available ebook formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
Joanne McEachen is an internationally recognized educational expert now based in Seattle, Washington, where she has recently set up her own education consulting business, The Learner First, LLC. She has nearly three decades of experience in education and a successful track record working at multiple levels in the system – as a school principal, a regional administrator, and national manager for the Ministry of Education in New Zealand.
Joanne has seen firsthand the importance of involving parents in their children's education and knows the positive difference it can make. She has led and managed countrywide education change initiatives by focusing on the most important outcomes and the fundamental values focused on learners, driving the educational change, regardless of the obstacles.
Articulate, persuasive, and a great change leader, Joanne's projects result in success for students. Joanne believes that there is an urgent need in education today to stop the blame game for the systemic failure of the groups of children who are continuously being underserved – it's time to get on with it!
"All children have a right to high-quality education that enables them to make choices about how they want to live their lives," says Joanne. She is relentless in her pursuit to reform education and believes every child can and will be a successful learner.


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Canadian sisters Roxy and Shana Lane received their first Mr. Pink's review only a few weeks ago after launching their site only a few short months prior, but it looks like they're already making an impact. XBIZ has just announced that the near-identical brunettes have garnered a nomination for said industry body's awards in the category of Web Star of the Year.
Beating out more than 4,500 other pre-nominated adult performers, the Lane Sisters' nomination pits them against online porn mainstays like Kelly Madison, Ariel Rebel, Jelena Jensen and Vicky Vette, which Roxy calls "scary but exciting. Without all the love and support from our fans, none of this would be possible."
Tera Patrick, Roxy and Shana's sometime guest star, is set to present the 2013 XBIZ Awards on January 11 in Century City, Los Angeles.


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I posed the following questions today (Dec. 12) in the House of Commons during Question Period.
Mr. Speaker,
The federal Cons needed Newfoundland and Labrador to give up local processing requirements to get a deal with Europe.
After 2 days an agreement was struck – the province has the documents to prove it.
The deal was not compensation for losses.
But a research and marketing fund to create a fishery for the future.
That was publicly announced 14 months ago.
Now, low and behold, this Conservative government says, Newfoundland and Labrador, you got it all wrong.
The obvious question, Mr. Speaker, is why didn't this government say anything back then, before now?
Mr. Speaker,
The Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador has come to Ottawa today to call on the Prime Minister to honour the commitment he made to my province.
It's well known that this Conservative Prime Minister, he is no friend to Newfoundland and Labrador.
But he made a commitment to our province and this Conservative government has an obligation to honour that commitment.
And if he thinks that New Democrats in this House will just stand by and let him break that promise, break yet another province …
Well, Mr. Speaker, the Prime Minister had better think twice.


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Growing up in Naples may have been a far cry from Detroit or Berlin, but nevertheless, DJ Marco Carola's techno credentials are now up there with gods of the scene like Derrick May. Indeed, it was to escape his hometown's all-pervasive Italo-house sound of the nineties that Carola discovered his love for techno, a sound rarely heard under the Neapolitan sunshine at the time.
With a distinct lack of labels and artists serving up the chugging beats and faster BPMs, Carola followed the only path available at the time: he set up on his own. Design Music became Italy's first techno-devoted record label, and by forging ahead in his own vision and unencumbered by any 'scene', his unique brand of dance music began to find favour with techno DJs worldwide.
A massive influence on the Italian techno scene throughout his 20-year career, he has headlined at every major club in the world. More recently a fixture in Ibiza, where he was a resident at Cocoon in 2010, he warms up for another summer on the White Isle by taking the roof off at D-Edge with a barrage of beautiful noise.
Marco Carola plays D-Edge on 19 May 2011.


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The¿long-awaited tram line between Manchester and Oldham could be delayed even longer because of problems with a computer control system.
The Victoria to Oldham Mumps line – the latest part of the 'Big Bang' Metrolink extension – was originally due to open last autumn.
Bosses last year put the target opening date back to this month – but now it is not clear whether it will even be open this summer.
The track and stops have been built, but the new Tram Management System (TMS), which pinpoints the location of trams and controls points and signals, has faced problems.
TMS caused major disruption during trials at MediaCity in September 2010 and separate problems also delayed the Chorlton extension.
A report late last year said 'technical complexities' were delaying the roll-out of TMS across the expanding network.
The first section of the Oldham line, to Central Park at Newton Heath, had been due to open in spring last year.
But Metrolink bosses said last year it would open at the same time as the section to Oldham Mumps because of the delays caused by installing TMS.
They also said they were assessing whether the Mumps section's opening would have to be put back from the anticipated spring date.
Now a new report says: "The opening date will be subject to the progress made in resolving the technical challenges with the introduction of the Tram Management System."
It says a delay of between three and six months is now 'likely' on the line beyond Oldham to Rochdale – putting that back to autumn or winter this year.
And a three-month delay on the east Manchester line to Droylsden is also 'likely' – which would also put it back to autumn.
But the report says a plan is being considered to run trams to City's Etihad Stadium in advance of the full opening of the Droylsden line.
It says: "This is the subject of ongoing discussions with the contractors and the operator and is dependent on the implementation of the new TMS."
The £1.4bn 'Big Bang' Metrolink expansion is due to be completed by 2016.
The Chorlton line is due to be extended to Didsbury and to Wythenshawe and the airport, and the Droylsden line will go on to Ashton-under-Lyne.
It will make Metrolink the biggest tram network in Britain.
Drivers in Oldham, meanwhile, are still facing disruption due to roadworks for the construction of the line to Rochdale.
Transport for Greater Manchester said earlier this month that Huddersfield Road was closing at Mumps for four weeks.
The roadworks are part of the scheme to convert the roundabout into a junction to make room for Metrolink's connection to Rochdale.


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Nivot Ink
While I absolutely love MoW's PowerTab, there's been one little niggling thing that's been missing since day one; while you can navigate Types using the opening square bracket syntax, e.g. [<tab> , when using the new-object command this method is not totally syntactically compatible. (update: MoW explains in a comment below that there is a special trick for navigating without the square brackets, oops! me wrong!) You have to navigate to your type, then edit out the square brackets which is a little bit annoying. Also, when using this syntax you typically know exactly which type you need but can't remember the namespace. Or perhaps you know the type name, but don't want to have to type it all out (or navigate there).
So, I figured I'd crack open PowerTab and see how easy it was to implement. To cut a long story short, in about 30 minutes it was done. The thing that made it so easy was that MoW already has a DataSet in memory of all types and their namespaces, so the grunt work is done by a simple DataTable.Select call. I modified the function TabExpansion in TabExpansion.ps1 (version 0.96 b12), and put the following snippet just after the switch on $lastWord :
switch -regex ($lastWord) {
# Handle inline type search, e.g. new-object .identityreference<tab> or .identityre<tab> '^\.(\w+)$' { $typeName = $matches[1] $types = $dsTabexpansion.tables["Types"] $rowFilter = "name like '%.${typeName}%'" $types.select($rowFilter) | % {$_["name"] } | Invoke-TabItemSelector $lastWord -Select $SelectionHandler break; }The type search is initiated by prefixing the full or partial type name with a period (.) and then hitting tab. There you have it, inline type search. Have fun!
Irish, PowerShell MVP, .NET/ASP.NET/SharePoint Developer, Budding Architect. Developer. Montrealer. Opinionated. Montreal, Quebec.
Get notified when a new post is published.


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Went to the big crowded East Garden Saturday morning, and bought this from Big W. $14.82 each, and comes down to total $44.46.
Once in a while my heart feels a sense of completeness. Saturday morning was one such occasion. Now with Episode I to III (all with double DVD), it is now complete with the original trilogy which I bought 3 years ago.
Starwars marathon anyone?


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Despite the Italian-sounding name, Turkey Tetrazzini is the classic American way to use up leftover turkey.
The dish was reportedly invented about a century ago by the chef at San Francisco's Palace Hotel, who named it after a famous opera singer,�Luisa Tetrazzini, who lived there.
That first Tetrazzini probably used chicken or seafood instead of turkey. But American home cooks later adopted the dish as a way to use up the last of the Thanksgiving bird.�
Their version often substituted cream of mushroom soup for the originial fresh mushrooms and cream.
It was a cousin of tuna noodle casserole and other canned soup dishes beloved by housewives in the 1950s and '60s.
Those casseroles seem old-fashioned now, so a few years ago the editors at America's Test Kitchen set out to update Turkey Tetrazzini. Their recipe appeared in "The Cook's Country Cookbook," inspired by the PBS show of the same name.�
Not surprisingly, there's no canned soup in this Turkey Tetrazzini. Fresh mushrooms�� more than a pound of them�� give the dish its dominant flavor, and half-and-half adds richness.
I tried out the recipe, and liked it, though it still reminds me of tuna noodle casserole and other casseroles of my youth.�
My husband, a casserole fan from way back, loved it, and ate two servings. (Truth be told, so did I.)
This dish cries out for something fresh served alongside it�� a salad or another vegetable.�
Spaghetti is the traditional pasta for Terazzini, but I used linguine, which has a little more presence.�
4 slices hearty white sandwich bread, torn into large pieces
2 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
1 pound fettuccine, linguine or spaghetti, broken into thirds
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 tablespoon unsalted butter
20 ounces white button mushrooms, wiped clean and cut into �-inch slices
2 onions, minced
4 garlic cloves, minced
1 tablespoon minced fresh thyme
1/8 teaspoon cayenne pepper
� cup all-purpose flour
2 cups low-sodium chicken broth
2 cups half-and-half
1 cup grated parmesan cheese
4 cups cooked turkey meat, cut into �-inch pieces
1� cups frozen peas
For the topping: Process the bread and butter in a food processor until coarsely ground, about six 1-second pulses; set aside.
For the filling: Adjust an oven rack to the middle position and heat the oven to 400 degres. bring 4 quarts of water to a boil in a large pot. Add 1 tablespoon salt and the pasta to the boiling water and cook until al dente. Drain in a colander and toss with the oil; leave the pasta in the colander and set aside.
Wipe the pot dry. Add the butter to the pot and return to medium-high heat until the butter is melted. Add the mushrooms and � teaspoon salt; cook the mushrooms until they have released their juices and are brown around the edges, 7 to 10 minutes. Add the onions and cook until softened, about 5 minutes. Stir in the garlic, thyme and cayenne; cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds. Ad the flour and cook, stirring occasionally, until golden, about 1 minute. Slowly whisk in the broth and half-and-half; bring to a simmer and cook, whisking often, until lightly thickened, about 1 minute. Off the heat, whisk in the parmesan. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
Add the pasta, turkey and peas to the sauce; stir to combine. Pour into a 13x9-inch baking dish and sprinkle with the breadcrumb topping. Bake until the topping has browned and the sauce is bubbly, 10 to 15 minutes.
Serves 6 to 8.
Recipe from "The Cook's Country Cookbook: Rediscovering American Home Cooking" by the Editors at America's Test Kitchen (2008, $34.95)
Betty Cichy: 215-949-4171; email, email@example.com; Twitter, @bettycichy


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On March 8th, we released the Office Configuration Analyzer Tool (OffCAT) to the Microsoft Download Center, replacing Outlook Configuration Analyzer (OCAT), the original diagnostic tool for Microsoft Outlook. OffCAT was developed by the same team that put together OCAT, so it should be seen as the next generation diagnostics tool for Microsoft Office. There are many new features in OffCAT, but the biggest difference between the two tools is the ability to scan more Office programs than just Outlook. With OffCAT v1, you can scan Access, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, and Word.
OffCAT uses the same BPA framework as OCAT, so if you've used OCAT, you'll feel right at home with OffCAT.
With OffCAT, you can take the following actions to help you detect possible problems with your Office programs or the Office programs on other computers you support (in a Help Desk capacity):
- Scan an Office program configuration
- Open a previously run OffCAT (or OCAT) scan on your computer
- Import an OffCAT (or OCAT) scan from another computer
- Use several reporting formats to view the scan results
- Send feedback to the OffCAT team
- Update your OffCAT installation with new detection rules
- Update your OffCAT installation with new features or application fixes
- Access resources to help resolve top problems and how-to issues in Office 365
- Start the Exchange Remote Connectivity Analyzer tool to analyze Outlook connection issues
- Scan computers using a script that runs a command-line version of OffCAT
System requirements
Before you install OffCAT, make sure that your computer meets the following OffCAT system requirements:
- Supported operating systems
- Windows 8
- Windows 7
- Windows Vista Service Pack 2
- Windows XP Service Pack 3
- Microsoft .NET Framework Version 2.0 or higher
- .NET Programmability Support feature of Microsoft Office
- Microsoft Office 2013 (32-bit or 64-bit) (Click-to-run or msi installs)
- Microsoft Outlook 2010 (32-bit or 64-bit)
- Microsoft Office Outlook 2007
- Microsoft Office Outlook 2003 (Offline Scans only)
Supported Microsoft Outlook versions:
Upgrading from OCAT
When you install OffCAT using the OffCAT.msi file from the Download Center, OCAT is automatically uninstalled if it is currently installed on your computer.
If you put OffCAT onto your computer by extracting the files in OffCAT.zip from the Microsoft Download center, you will receive a prompt to uninstall OCAT (if installed) any time you launch OffCAT.
OffCAT is the replacement tool for OCAT. All detection rules originally found in OCAT are included in OffCAT. Because all new rules for Outlook will only be integrated into OffCAT, you should now use OffCAT instead of OCAT. And, even though OCAT is uninstalled by the OffCAT installation, you can still view all of your previous OCAT scans in OffCAT. If the OCAT scans do not appear in OffCAT, just import them into OffCAT.
OffCAT includes a user guide, available as part of the OffCAT download. You can also download the OffCAT user's guide (Word DOC) from the Download Center. We highly recommended that you read this document before installing and using OffCAT.
OffCAT Functionality Overview
The following sections provide an overview of OffCAT. All this information (and much more!) in OffCAT documentation.
Generating an OffCAT scan report
To generate an OffCAT report, simply click Start a scan in the left (navigation) panel.
From the list of detected Office programs, select the Office program to scan.
If you have more than one version of Office installed, also select the version of the Office program you want scanned.
If you are going to scan Outlook, it should be running before you start an OffCAT scan. If you cannot keep Outlook running long enough to start a scan, you can still perform a basic scan. To do this, in the Task drop-down list, select Offline Scan, and then click Start scanning.
The report that an offline scan generates contains only information that is available on your computer, such as registry data, Application log details, a list of installed updates, and local file details.
Although an offline scan of Outlook does not contain as many profile details as an online scan, an offline scan may still provide enough information to help you resolve any problems that you are experiencing with Outlook.
Viewing your scan report
In most cases, the OffCAT report can provide lots of information about the configuration of the Office program that was scanned. It'll also show you known problems in your configuration, along with links to relevant Knowledge Base and TechNet articles.
OffCAT offers the following two report views:
List Reports: The List Reports view is the default presentation of your scan data. There are up to three tabs that are available to view different snapshots of this data.
- Tree Reports The Tree Reports view of your scan report provides tree-control functionality to view your scan results. In this report view, two tabs are available to view different snapshots of this data.
View a report that was created on another computer
You can also use OffCAT to view a report created on another computer.
- Start OffCAT on the user's machine.
- In the left panel, click Select a scan to view, and then select the scan from the list of available scans.
- Click Export this scan.
- In the Export this scan dialog box, specify a file name and a folder location.
- Copy the .xml file that you saved in step 5 to the computer from which you will be viewing the report.
- On the computer to which you copied the file in step 6, start OffCAT.
- In the left panel, click Select a scan to view > Import scan .
- Browse to the folder that contains the .xml file that you copied in step 6, and then click Open.
Send us your feedback!
We welcome your feedback and suggestions! You can send us feedback by clicking the Tell Microsoft what you think about OffCAT link in the left panel. It creates a new email message addressed to email@example.com.
We are currently working on an updated version of OffCAT that adds new functionality, including the ability to scan the rest of the Office programs (Publisher, Visio, OneNote, InfoPath, and possibly Lync and Project). Please follow the OffCAT team on Twitter to receive news of any publicly available OffCAT updates and find out when this next version of OffCAT is released.


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The first step was to create a radiating sunset with paint. The following class we practiced drawing horses, we talked about the shapes we could use to draw a horse, and we looked at pictures of horses. Then we learned what a silhouette is: the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single color, usually black, its edges matching the outline of the subject.
These 1st graders did fantastic!, it wasn't easy to draw and cut out a horse.
Did you know our school Wawaloam Elementary was named after the Narragansett Tribe Princess Wawaloam who lived over 350 years ago in our area.


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The award-winning Zipcar® headquarters in Boston incorporates all of the innovations of the modern work environment, including a comfortable, inviting design and creative spaces for brainstorming.
Office environments continue to evolve to meet the changing work habits of today's culture. In Part 1 of our discussion about trends reshaping today's workplace, we noted how the three trends of co-working, the multi-generational office and the need to focus are a main topic of importance. It is also known that flexible work environments, corporate identity and talent management, and wellness and productivity are challenging offices to provide the best possible experience for employees.
4. Flexible work environments
Technology and the new working cultures it allows may have freed us to work in previously inconceivable ways but what is most intriguing about the ongoing debate is how it has shifted perceptions of the workplace. Far from spelling the end of the office as futurologists thought around twenty years ago, flexible working has changed our relationship with the workplace. It is many things to many people, especially those for whom the 9 to 5 is no more (or never was). It is a link to the firm, a repository of knowledge, a meeting place, a social space, a source of identity and a source of comfort.
This enduring human attraction to bricks and mortar, despite whatever technology makes possible, is what made flexible working a big workplace debate of today. The desire for flexible work environments has been accompanied with data showing that employees are not as effective in specific ways when working apart from one another. This is especially evident as innovative companies around the world provide offices designed to encourage in-office collaboration, noting the importance of physically being at work.
5. Corporate identity and talent management
There has always been a close link between the labor market and office design. In the wider business community, the conundrum that has dominated management thinking over the last two decades is this: if your main asset is knowledge and that knowledge is largely locked up in people's heads, how do you attract those heads to your organization? Then, how do you make them stay there?
It is this riddle that has led to the dominance of 'soft' issues in management thinking and why workplace design has focused increasingly on softer business issues such as corporate culture, the environment and knowledge management. It has driven the growth of flexible work practices as organizations have tried to give people a better work-life balance. It has driven the softening of the workplace itself, the growth of break-out space and the focus on the team. And, of course, it has pushed on the idea of employer branding and how to convey identity at work.
Branding in the workplace may largely have focused on replicating a corporate identity, but now there is a far greater focus on reflecting important values to staff. Where once you had logos in the carpet and walls in corporate colors, now we have visualizations of how the company addresses business and environmental issues, the intelligent use of colors and materials to convey ideas and emotions, imagery from packaging and marketing campaigns and manifestations of the outside world.
6. Wellness and productivity
We know that workplace design has an impact on individual productivity and business performance. At some level, whether through academic research or personal experience, everybody knows that there is a link between our surroundings and our wellbeing and happiness. That is why what we find in practice is that most people work in decent, if not exceptional, workplaces and are provided with a fair degree of comfort, natural light, fresh air and control over how they work along with all other features of the contemporary office.


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Soup of This Day #167: My Most Imaginary Friend
Don't adjust your screen as this image is the right way up when it's upside down. It's detail taken from a 1918 'Inverted Jenny', 1 of the rarest postage stamps in the world. Someone stuffed up and put the plane, a Curtiss JN-4, upside down. The error has only been found on 1 pane of 100 – Image: US Post Office, 1918. The US Post Office is not affiliated with Longworth72. Image cropped by Longworth72.
Hello everyone and welcome to this special hypothetical counselling session. I'm sure we'll make some progress here today and that we all really want the same outcome. Now how about I throw out the 1st pitch and tell you about how we're gonna run this thing?
The 1st innings, so to speak, is about getting to know each other. I'd like to go around the room and have each of you tell me 3 things – Who you are, what your favourite colour is and something about you that nobody else knows. I'll give you an example by taking the lead off role:
My name is Longworth72 and I'm a blogger. My favourite colour is red, both as in the Boston Red Sox and Liverpool FC. Something that nobody here knows is that I used to collect postage stamps as a youngster. Sometimes I think I would like to start that up again.
Ok, who wants to hit 2nd? Bobby?
Bobby V: Hi, I'm Bobby V and I'm a media personality… sorry, the Manager of the Red Sox. My favourite colour is all of them and something nobody knows about me is that I like pelicans – They're such graceful birds.
Thanks for sharing that Bobby. I think it's safe to say we have runners on now so let's go to Kevin next?
Kevin Y: I'm Kevin Y and I play my guts out for the Boston Red Sox. My favourite colour is blood red and something nobody knows about me is that I don't take crap from nobody, except maybe Santa.
Okay Kevin, nice sac fly there to advance the discussion. Let's try Dustin now?
Dustin P: Hey everybody. My name is Dustin P and I own 2nd base for the Boston Red Sox. My favourite colour is a kind of dirty, muddy red. Nobody knows about my admiration for Terry Francona.
Thanks Dustin, although I think it might surprise you to know that almost everyone does know about that last bit. Let's finish up the innings with a grand slam from Ben:
Ben C: Hi, I'm Theo E and I'm a General Manager of an honest-to-goodness baseball team. My favourite colour is Cubbie blue and something that nobody knows about me is that I think that Ben C is the bestest GM for the Red Sox.
Ahhhh… Okaaaay… Aren't you actually Ben C, the GM of the Red Sox?
Ben C: [sighs] Yes, but I want to be Theo E.
That's nice Ben – I think we all get that Theo E's shadow is a problem but let's try to leave that for another day. In fact let's use that as a prompt to maybe clarify what today is really about:
This all started when Kevin had kind of a slow start to 2012. Kevin, I think you'll agree you weren't finding your swing in Spring Training. No big deal that but then it carried forward into April and your numbers haven't been up to your usual high standard. I think, and correct me if I'm wrong but your numbers read .200/.265/.233 across 8 games. Early days for sure but not really trending towards Greek God of Walks standards.
Ok, so Bobby has been asked about this in an interview, this concept that Kevin was not 'Youk-like' and Bobby, you've gone and responded with:
'I don't think he's as physically or emotionally into the game as he has been in the past for some reason. But [on Saturday] it seemed, you know, he's seeing the ball well, got those two walks, got his on-base percentage up higher than his batting average, which is always a good thing, and he'll move on from there.'
Kevin, you've then been called by people who have told you about that and you've taken those comments as meaning that Bobby is calling you out on your commitment. As such you've taken a swing of your own:
'I'm more confused than anything because everyone knows I go out and play the game as hard as I can. It's just my style of play. I was never blessed with the raw tools and I've always had to use playing the game hard and with full effort my whole life.'
And then Dustin, you've stepped up as sort of an unofficial clubhouse leader and backed up Kevin:
'I know Youk plays as hard as anyone I've ever seen in my life and I have his back and his teammates have his back. We know how hard he plays. I don't really understand what Bobby's trying to do, but that's not the way we go about our stuff around here. I'm sure he'll figure that out soon.'
I think the assumption that you made there Dustin is that maybe Bobby was trying to motivate by goading a reaction. Last, Ben has weighed in with his own response:
'I was surprised to see the quote. I didn't see the interview live, but I had it in that context. I was surprised because that's not something Bobby had expressed to me. And we've all seen Kevin play for a long time and never wondered why he wasn't into the game. He plays hard every day.'
Ok, let's all take a deep breath. Feeling loose people? Good. Let me break this whole mess down for you as a I see it.
Kevin, you're not playing to your usual standard. Everyone has noticed, not just Bobby. People are wondering if it's because you've lost weight, I've heard suggestions that you need some more fried chicken. This was always going to be an issue for you – Your 2010 was great but your 2011 tailed off under injuries. That's not your fault and I get the frustration but you're going to have to learn to deal with questions and criticism. Bobby was just wondering aloud what a lot of folk were thinking.
Which brings us to you Bobby. Management 101 says you don't criticize your troops publicly. You may not have meant it but you sure as hell came across like you were doing that. See, the public thing means Kevin is going to put his back up and he's going to come out swinging. That is Sun Tzu's Art of War in a nutshell right there – Talk privately Bobby.
Bobby V: But I'm open and accountable – It's my thing.
You're a little too open Bobby and your mouth is seemingly not accountable to even you. Or the Red Sox GM's office for that matter. And on that front Ben, I'm wondering if maybe you weren't happy that you got Bobby instead of Dale Sveum?
Ben C: Theo liked Dale.
Yeaaaaah, okaaaaaaay. Theo's gone Ben. You've got Bobby now and you need to find a way to work with him which doesn't involve publicly upbraiding the man. Theo wouldn't have done that now would he? And speaking of people who are not with the Sox any more, It's probably time to accept that Tito has left Dustin. You need to build a relationship with the new Manager and that does not happen by you publicly telling him how things get done according to you.
Dustin P: But what we do has worked well in the past.
Yep it did. But that was with a specific group under specific conditions and it was a while back. Your last 2 years have been an underwhelming return for the level of investment. Your core group has become complacent – Not in terms of work ethic – That is still strong. What you've stopped doing is innovating, improving continuously. Look at what moneyball did for Oakland. And then a couple of years later and everyone was on that train too. The drive to get onto a faster train has to go through the Manager – That's his gig.
The Red Sox is a little like this thing I once had on my toe. It started out as a mosquito bite. I scratched it and broke the skin. The wound healed and as it did so it itched and I scratched it some more. Which broke the skin again. It's now just this cyclical thing. It itches and I scratch so it itches and I scratch and… Eventually you just cut out the scratching and it heals.
The media keeps scratching at the wounds of 2011. That's to be expected, it's what they do. The problem is that you guys are scratching at the wound too and that's just making the itch worse.
Do you see where I'm going here? Itching = Media coverage & Talking = Scratching.
I guess what I'm trying to tell all of you is this:
Shut. The. Hell. Up.
Bobby V: That's cool. Hey did Kevin say he takes crap from Santa?
Ok guys, let's get out there and give those Rangers a lesson in playing baseball. Focus on just playing baseball. Although if anyone happens to know where I can get my hands on a 1918 Inverted Jenny stamp I'd be greatly appreciative.
Bobby V: 1918? Didn't we win in 1918? I remember playing that World Series. My Red Sox beat Theo and his Cubbies.


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This year Molly started to notice a shift in the girls' perception towards our standard of living. Even with the two of us out of work for most of 2011 our spending has changed very little compared to the previous year. When we cut our expenses back by 50% a few years ago they perceived us as a family who had money but chose not to spend it. There's an interesting interview Molly did with the girls 2 years ago about their take on our cutting back on Molly On Money. In the interview they talk about their initial fears but in the end they were happy that we did cut back and paid off our debt.
Lately we've heard them make comments to the effect that we are 'poor' and cannot afford to have a nice things like so-and-so's car. So let us repeat…how we spend our money now compared to when we had much larger incomes has not changed but somehow we've become 'poor'.
Molly: I've thought a lot about this and I believe Mike and I are mostly responsible for their shift in perspective. When they ask for something I find myself saying, "We can't afford that right now." Before I would say, "I don't want to spend our money on that. We don't need it." The former statement suggests that there is no choice- we can't have it so don't even think about it. The latter gives them the message that it's a choice whether we want the item or not.
The other change that happened last June was that we stopped tracking our expenses. WHAT?!
Molly: Mike, did you hear that?
Mike: Relax, it's just our readers screaming in shock and surprise at finding out that we (you) haven't tracked our expenses for the last 6 months.
Last June our Quicken file was corrupted. To make matters worse, by the time Molly realized it she had tried restoring from several backups which promptly were also corrupted. On top of that Quicken and our bank stopped talking to each other. We weren't able to download any information from the bank to start over. It took almost 50 hours of talking to the reps at Quicken and at our bank to figure out a solution. As of last Friday it was resolved and finally all of our accounts are updated and reconciled.
Molly: I was a little worried to see how the year ended for us. Because of my unexpected lay off in September we did not have a lot of wiggle room.
Mike: So how did we do on keeping our most challenging expenses in check and adding to our savings?
- Dining: Over by 10%
- Groceries: Over by 6%
- Entertainment: Under by 31%
- Household: Under by 20%
- Health & Beauty: Over by 13%
- Gardening: Under by 28%
- Home Repair: Under by 45%
(January 1, 2011 we had $7,000 our emergency fund)
Our goal by the end of 2011 was:
- Emergency Fund: Add $3,000 (to bring the total emergency fund to $10,000)
- Savings: $2,400
That goal went on hold (in our minds) in September when Molly was laid off. Our emergency fund had reached $10,000. Automatic contributions to the savings were put on hold and we just hoped that nothing else unexpected would happen that would cause us to dip into our emergency fund.
Mike: This type of circumstance is exactly why we were happy we had an emergency fund but we still wanted to see if we could make it without using any of it.
How did we end up in the savings department?….drum roll please:
- Emergency fund: $10,000
- Savings: $6,800!!!!!!!
How did this happen?
1. We made more in the first half of the year than we predicted.
- Molly worked more than expected and we did not account for Mike's last paycheck.
2. We spent significantly less in several categories:
- Automotive repair, the kids activities, donations, entertainment, gardening, home repair, medical bills and heat for the house we were under by $500- $1000 in each of these categories.
- Where we were over was only a few places- vacation (by $400), Vet visits ($600), chickens ($850).
3. We felt poor so we spent less.
Not tracking our expenses actually helped us. Starting in September we reacted like we were in a economic meltdown. The combination of Molly's unexpected layoff and not tracking our expenses created a perfect storm of non-spending.
Molly: I'm still a firm believer in tracking expenses. We stopped spending as an emotional reaction to our circumstances and not because we were making informed decisions. It goes back to how our attitude towards our money made the kids suddenly feel we were 'poor'. I think one tragedy is that we did not donate the $650 we had allotted to causes we wanted to support.
Mike: I'm on it. I just donated $25 to our favorite jazz station, KCSM the Bay Area's Jazz station.
Some good news: Mike just got a job working as a web designer part-time. It doesn't match the pay of his last job but it is something that he finds interesting, keeps him on his toes and off the dole.
Mike: I enjoyed my 'time off' but it feels good to be working again. I wouldn't have been able to get the job if I hadn't had the experience of building this website so you could say this site is making us some money now. 🙂
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Join Asian sites like filipino4u.com for more makeup tutorial information!!
The best makeup tutorial
Learning to use eye makeup is no easy task, even for seasoned beauty buffs. Filipino women love to wear makeup. If you have a tough time decoding all those tricky makeup tutorials, we have an easy guide to each part of the eye so you know where all those eyeliners, mascaras, and eyeshadows should go:
If you want your brows to "pop" and open up your eye area, you can add a matte or shimmery pale eyeshadow or chubby pencil directly under the brow. For a matte look, try Benefit High Brow Highlight & Lift Pencil ($22, ulta.com); if you prefer shimmer, try Maybelline Expert Wear Eyeshadow in Soft Pearl ($3, amazon.com).
Typically, your main shade or shades of eyeshadow go on the mobile part of your eyelid, but you can get creative with your eyeliner here, as well. Some people have a lot of space here, while others have very little — it varies from person to person. For tanned skin Filipino women bronze blush on is perfect for our skin.
Between your brow bone and eyelid, applying a darker shade of eyeshadow here, right along your eye socket, adds dimension to your eye. A deep brown like Urban Decay Eyeshadow in Secret Service ($19, sephora.com) is always a great choice. If you have hooded eyes, which is when your upper lid covers most of your mobile lid when your eyes are open, play with different placements for crease shadow, opening your eyes after each test to see which placement makes your crease shadow visible.
The outermost corner of the eye where eyeliner or deeper shades of eyeshadow are typically applied in a "V" shape, though you can blend your makeup into a "C" shape for a softer effect using a brush like the e.l.f. Blending Brush ($3, ulta.com).
Right along and above the edges of your upper eyelid where your eyelashes begin, you can define your eye with eyeliner, a dark eyeshadow, or even simply mascara.
The inner rim of the eye, the waterline can be host to dark eyeliner along the top waterline to make the base of your lashes look thicker, or along the the bottom waterline to enhance a smoky look. Pale nude eyeliner can also be used along the bottom waterline to make the eye look wider and more awake. Just be sure you choose something waterproof, like Marc Jacobs Beauty Highliner Gel Eye Crayon Eyeliner ($25, sephora.com).
Though not necessary for every look, your lower lash line, just below the waterline, is where liner and shadow can be applied to define the eyes.
This is the inner corner of the eye, and where you can add a little pale, shimmery shadow here to open things up. You can use the same one you used under your brow bone!
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Panel 03 - In a dream, Christ thanks Martin and returns his cloak
In the less well-known conclusion to the scene shown in panel 1, Christ appears to St Martin that same night, thanking him for his act of charity and returning to him the half of his cloak that he had given to the beggar. In the morning Martin awakes to find his cloak intact.
Sulpicius describes the vision of Christ but not the return of the cloak, which may come from a lost source or may be the invention of the artist, inspired by examples from other saints' lives. This hagiographic topos of the charitable gift returned to the giver by Christ Himself, also features, for example, in the vita of England's original royal saint, Edward the Confessor. There the charitable gift is a ring, which became St Edward's standard attribute in works such as the Wilton Diptych and the Westminster Retable.


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Opp.Telephone Exchange, (Near Lal Pul), Saharanpur Rd, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
Hotel Doon Castle, Dehradun, is great for holidaymakers and business travellers. This hotel is well-equipped to host any type of formal and social gatherings. Guests here can have pleasure in fine food and rest comfortably when you look at the guestrooms that are well-appointed.
Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun Location :
Hotel Doon Castle can be found at Patel Nagar, Niranjanpur, opposite Telephone Exchange, near Lal Pul, Saharanpur road. It really is proximate to tourist destinations such as for example Clock Tower (Approx. 4km) and Tapkeshwar Mahadev Temple (Approx. 7km). Established throughout the rule that is british the iconic Clock Tower has six faces. Tourists also can explore institutions, schools, hotels and shopping complex located in the vicinity of Clock Tower. Other attractions that are significant explore in Dehradun are Sahastradhara, Malsi Deer Park and Bhatta Falls.
Jolly Grant Airport: 28 km (approx.)
Dehradun Railway Station: 3 km (approx.)
The accommodations at Hotel Doon Castle are classified as Kings rooms, Queens A/c rooms and Castle rooms. Each room is well-maintained, smartly comfortable and furnished. The wooden flooring for the rooms enhances the overall benefit of these rooms. The conveniences that are in-room colour television, tea/coffee maker and telephone.
Hotel Doon Castle offers a mixture of basic and business amenities to the patrons. Room service, internet, 24-hour front desk, air conditioning, elevators, parking, travel desk, 24-hour security and doctor-on-call would be the basic services ensured into the guests. Conference facilities, business services, audio equipment that is visual LCD/projector, conference suite and meeting facilities will be the amenities contained in the hotels business centre for corporate travellers. Banquet facilities for community gatherings are an additional benefit as of this hotel. Flavours, the in-house multi-cuisine restaurant, coffee shop and bar offer the opportunity for the patrons to savor delicious delicacies and stimulating beverages.
Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun Hotel Rooms & Rates Information - Get best deals, discounted rates on Hotel Rooms of Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun at Indiahotelsroom.com. Check room availability, discounted and compare rates for standard, deluxe, luxury or suite room types for Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun. Contact For Booking +91 9599 169 919
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Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun Reviews - Read 00 Travellers Real Reviews of Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun. Rated as 4.0 of guest rating. Write a review and Read for Doon Castle Hotel Dehradun Online at Indiahotelsroom.com


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Meet us @ Aidex 2015 in Brussels12 November, 2015
IEC Telecom will be exhibiting at next edition of AidEx 2015, the humanitarian solutions tradeshow.
The show will take place in Brussels Expo in Hall 11 on November 18 & 19.
We will be exhibiting on Booth D50 and introducing all product & solutions range for humanitarian teams!
Book a meeting now with our team


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Seshadripuram First Grade CollegePost Graduate Department of Commerce And Management
Yelahanka Campus, Bengaluru
NAAC accredited 'A' Grade
Click here to download the report of SSR Activity Report – 2018.
The SSR activity was held on 10th of
May, 2018 at Elizabeth Integrated
Development Charitable Trust in
Banaswadi, Bengaluru.
All the students of M.com and M.com (FA) 1st and 2nd Year took part in the event.
Social Responsibility occupies a very important part of student's life in modern day society where there is no dearth for sections that need help and care. This academic year, the faculty and students of Post Graduate Department of Commerce and Management headed to an orphanage and old age home that is rightly christened "Ray of Hope". Situated a little off Hennur Main Road, this shelter was started and is being operated by a humble family who are now the care takers of more than 30 children most of whom are unfortunately destitute. A few socially ignored senior citizens also are sheltered in this home.
The children there performed welcome songs and dance for the students and faculty as we reached the home which gave the day a beautiful beginning. The students had contributed a small sum each and had gathered enough funds to purchase two dozen mattresses and a month's requirement of groceries for the home. More than the materials that were given, it was the time spent there by the students organizing small games for the children and distributing prizes too for the same that brought elation in both the children's as well as the student's hearts. With quality time spent and a good deed done the students and faculty bid a heavy hearted farewell to the children who definitely do have something that is much needed to keep life going on positively, A Ray of Hope!
SSR activity for the year 2015-16 was conducted in "Rainbow Homes" a wing of Need Based India on 26/04/2016. The Rainbow Homes provide shelter for destitute Girls between age group of 3-14 years. Our students engaged them with fun activities, conducted a few games and distributed prizes to the winners. The Department also contributed school bags, books & stationeries to them.
The students of M.Com visited Vidurashwatha (Gowribidanur Taluk) to embark the 70th Independence Day on 13/08/2016. Along with the school students of Sathyagraha Memorial High School, they participated in various cultural activities depicting the freedom struggle & reminded the audience about the sacrifice (Qurbani) of the great leaders.
Students of M.Com Department celebrated "World Literacy Day" on 08/09/2015 by conducting rally under the guidance of Dr.Vatsala (Director of PG Department). This rally was organized mainly to create awareness among people about the importance of education and the benefits given by the government to students.
©Copyright 2015, All Rights Reserved Top MCom / PG College in Bangalore


text: Return to News Corinth: 150 years of the New City September 28, 2008 Professor Spyros Iakovides, the president of the conference's organizing committee, and Ioulia Tzonou-Herbst The city of New Corinth celebrated its sesquicentennial anniversary with a conference held 26-28 September. Corinth Excavations offered papers by Guy Sanders and Ioulia Tzonou-Herbst. Guy's talk, "H άρχαιολογία της Κορίνθου στίς δεκαετίες αμέσος πριν και μετά την Eλλινική Επανάσταση" (The Archaeology of Corinth in the Decades Immediately Before and After the Greek War of Independence), discussed among other things, the 19th century horizon of the excavations in the Panayia Field (see "19th Century Buildings" mid-page) and the earthquake that leveled Ancient Corinth 150 years ago. Ioulia's paper highlighted recent work in Corinth's prehistory and was entitled "Η πρώτη πόλις της Κορινθου- Έρεθνες στου Κοράκου 1915-2008" (The First City of Corinth: Investigations at Korakou 1915-2008). The Archbishop Hieronymos spoke. Other colleagues who delivered papers included Professor Spyros Iakovides, Professor Basilis Patrakos, Dimitris Athanasoulis and his team from the Byzantine Ephoreia of Corinth, Apostolos Papafotiou and Xenia Crysafi.


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Lac La Biche County's goal was to create a safe, modern and welcoming entrance to Lac La Biche. Beaver Hill Road will not only beautify one of the community's main corridors, it will set a standard that the county will use in future projects.
Lac La Biche, Alberta
Owner: Lac La Biche County
Consultant: WSP Canada Inc.
Contractor: E-Construction Ltd.
Completion Date: September 2013
Beaver Hill Road had reflective cracking and required extensive annual maintenance. The rehabilitation project was originally designed with a woven geotextile under 500 mm of granular which would have been over budget due to the expensive aggregates in the region. The County of Lac La Biche needed a permanent solution that would come in under budget.
Using SpectraPave4-PRO Software, which analyzes a variety of support and loading conditions and serviceability constraints, Nilex was able to demonstrate that using TriAx TX5 geogrid and Nilex 4545 non-woven geotextile would provide the client with 200 mm granular savings in addition to decreasing the sub-cut while doubling the life expectancy of the road.
The site was graded and compacted to meet the design specification. Nilex 4545 non-woven geotextile was placed on prepared subgrade followed by the TX5 geogrid and 300 mm of granular.
Nilex's recommended solution of TriAx TX5 geogrid and Nilex 4545 non-woven geotextile allowed the client to save 200 mm of granular (4,500 m3 of rock), reducing the number of truckloads to site by 40%. Using Nilex's Innovation Calculator, we estimate the client was able to save approximately $340,000 in materials, labour and placement costs using TriAx TX5 while reducing the carbon footprint by 9% (86 tonnes of CO2). TX5 geogrid and Nilex 4545 non-woven geotextile kept the project within budget and will reduce future maintenance costs.
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With over 35 years experience, a long-standing commitment to the environment and highly qualified staff, Nilex delivers the products and technologies that give clients an economic advantage with environmental benefit.
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Day 13 - Pickle's playdate with her BFF. They were born 13 days apart and this shot reminds a lot of what it looked like when the twins were little.
Day 14 - Apple Picking.
Day 15 - Daddy let Pickle listen to his iPod and she loved it.
Day 16 - Sisters snuggling.
Well, that's it. Sorry it took so long to get them posted. I hope you enjoy :)