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Saving money,Living a healthy green lifestyle, doing things you enjoy, being greener, spreading the "green" around in more ways than one. I hope my blog inspires you to be greener!
Tuesday, April 17, 2012
Steps to stop throwing your money away
I get tired of hearing people say how they don't know to save money. Yet they buy useless products? I just don't get it. So today I want to share with you the many ways to stop buying things and save money.
It's simple really. Stop buying useless disposable things because your basically throwing your money in the trash.
Kitchen items
1. Paper towels-Instead use fabric hand towels
2. Packaged food-buy in bulk. Less packaging means less you pay for the food. Plus making our own food from scratch is always cheaper and healthier.
3. Plastic utensils/paper plates-Use your own dishes and utensils. Seriously people this is the easiest one!
4. Paper napkins-Fabric ones can be washed over and over for years. Don't have $$ to buy new ones? They sell them cheap in thrift stores. Or better yet just use your fabric hand towels as napkins.
5. Drinks-no more single serving waters, soda's or juice boxes. Instead pack your own. Better yet just drink water!
6. Food Mixes-I'm talking gravy packets, chocolate milk packets, and things like that. Here's a crazy idea, try to make it yourself with a recipe. All you have to do is simply google what your trying to make and try to make it yourself. Think about it people. The product you buy was made by someone so why not make it yourself?
7. Plastic food bags-This step can be free if you get creative. Two words people-Mason...wait for it...Jars. But that being said you can find fabric food bags in just about any store now days. One small investment will save you lots of money in the long run. Better yet make your own from scrap fabric and Velcro. Again just google it!
8. Plastic trash bags-I call these time capsules because once your trash goes into there and you tie it shut, its there forever. Now days you can find biodegradable ones but why waste the money? Instead I have a small trash can that we don't use any trash bag in. If you recycle everything you can and compost everything you can, there really is no need for a trash bag. Simply take it out often.
9. Sponge-You use them for a few weeks and then they start getting that funky smell. Yes you could soak them in bleach but bleach itself is toxic. Once done with them you throw them away and they may or may not ever break down. Instead use a fabric wash cloth. Either buy one or simply use one you already own. Once done toss into the laundry.
10. Cupcake papers-This one alone doesn't save you a ton of money unless you bake a ton. All savings is better than no savings. Instead of using cupcake papers try spraying oil in the pan and pouring the batter right in. Talk about beautiful rustic cupcakes! Yeah your awesome like that!
1. Toilet paper-This step is for the hard core greenies out there. Take a old sheet and cut up into squares. Simply use those instead of toilet paper. These can be tossed into the washer along with your clothes or separate if your freaked out by it. We keep them on hand in the bathroom and use them for #1. My girls use them when they want with no pressure from me. This has cut down our toilet paper purchases by half. With 5 girls in this house you can just imagine how much we went through.
2. Liquid hand soap-If your kids are anything like mine then you know how much soap they can go through. How much do you really need to wash little hands? Apparently half a bottle! Instead I buy only bars of soap and sit them on a soap holder with holes for water to escape. Dry bar means less soap wasted.
3. No poo shampoo-You can wash your hair with baking soda and vinegar alone! I swear....again google it. Having 5 girls in my home there is no way I can get away with this one. One day I will venture to try it out.
4. Shower every other day-We shower when needed only. I can go 2 days without showering because I don't roll around in the dirt. This saves you on your water bill, electric bill and you use less shampoo products. And no we don't smell!
5. Shaving Cream-STOP BUYING IT! Use a good bar of soap, shampoo or even conditioner. This is the most useless item you spend your money on. Not to mention you avoid chemicals leaching into your skin.
6. Cotton balls/pads-Just use a wash cloth people. Seriously quit being wasteful.
7. Bathroom cleaners-Head into your kitchen and grab yourself some baking soda and vinegar. Yes that's all you need! Again google comes in handy here. There are hundred's of recipes for cleaners made with these ingredients. Stop wasting your money on toxic chemical filled cleaners!
8. Paper hand towels-Seriously people don't even get me started on that subject. Just use a fabric towel to dry your hands. Just don't buy the paper ones that a "will not name their brand" have made. The single most dumb product I have ever heard was made.
Laundry Room
1. Quit buying laundry soap and make your own(with my help!). Or yet again just google it. Ive been making mine for 4 years now and have saved a ton of cash by this step alone. One small $5 investment will get your a years worth of laundry soap.
2. Fabric softeners/sheets-Crazy thought but you don't need them! They are there just to melt chemical filled fragrances all over your clothes and make you feel like your clothes are clean. Your laundry soap does that people. I don't use anything but many people use vinegar instead with good results. But for the lazy people like me don't use anything at all. I have 4 daughters so I do a ton of laundry to get done.
3. Dryers-I'm not saying get rid of them! Just use them only when needed. How about hanging the clothes on a line? With one small investment of clothes line, you don't need your dyer on sunny days. Most summers my dryer is unplugged and out of use. Nothing beats the smell of your clothes when you dry them on the line. For those who cannot have a line there are many different types of clothes racks. You can find them in thrift shops for cheap. Or ask around to friends/family to borrow theirs.
Other random stupid things
Fire starters-Awesome people know how to start a fire without these. I am happy to report I am one of those people finally. But if you have a hard time starting a fire then maybe you want to try your hand at making your own. Start collecting lint, old wax and egg cartons. Then head on over here to watch a simple how to video on making these. Ironically I didn't make this video but another awesome Nancy did.
DIY Organic Bug Spray
DIY Cough Syrup
DIY Ketchup
DIY Bread Pudding
DIY Dried Beans
DIY Turkey or chicken broth
Do you see a pattern here? DIY which means do it yourself. When you do it yourself, you save money for yourself. Not to mention all the nasty chemicals or preservatives.
So what did we learn from all this? Don't be a dummy and throw your money away. Try to make things yourself or do without. Companies make you think you cannot live without their products. When you buy their products they win. So do you want them to be a winner or do you want to be a winner? I say me! Winner!
2 comments:
- Heidi said...
I admit that I still use paper towels but I have cut way back and only use them for really messy stuff like grease.
I don't really use dinner napkins. If I get messy, I just wait and wash my hands at the end. I would like to have some on hand for guests, though. Finding them at thrift stores is perfect! I might even make some out of old sheets or pillowcases. This is my next project.
I just started the "No-Poo Shampoo" and I already love it! Otherwise I have natural bar soap for use on body and hair.
I agree about the single-use paper hand towels. I have seen that commercial and it makes me want to spit. "Here, being wasteful will keep germs at bay." What a bunch of hooey.
I use vinegar with a few drops of essential oil as fabric softener in my washer. Also, I've found that using natural fabrics like cotton and linen and avoiding synthetic material will pretty much eliminate static cling.
Great Article! It's so helpful to have a list to go through and see what else I can work on changing next. Thanks!!!
- April 18, 2012 at 6:41 AM
- Surviving and thriving on pennies said...
Good for you Heidi! If all else fails go call your grandma and ask how they did it.
- April 23, 2012 at 4:34 PM


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(Volume 24-01)
By CIMVHR Communications
Photos by Mark Galloway
Since 2010, the Canadian Institute for Military and Veteran Health Research (CIMVHR) has hosted seven annual forums showcasing 970 research presentations to over 3,000 attendees. CIMVHR has grown to be the hub for 42 Canadian universities and seven global affiliates dedicated to improving the health of military personnel, veterans and their families.
This past November, CMVHR hosted the 7th Annual Military and Veteran Health Research Forum in collaboration with the University of British Columbia and the University of Victoria. Forum 2016, which took place in Vancouver, showcased 175 presentations to 600 delegates from across academia, military, government, philanthropy and industry. Forum would not be possible without the generosity and support of its sponsors!
At Forum 2016, exceptional members of the CIMVHR community were recognized for their contributions to the enhancement of research capacity on military, veteran and family health across Canada. During the opening plenary, hosted by the Interim Co-Scientific Directors Drs. Stéphanie Bélanger and Heidi Cramm, Dr. Alice Aiken of Dalhousie University was presented with the inaugural Certificate of Fellowship for her visionary leadership to CIMVHR and continued ambassadorship for the Institute. Furthermore, Lieutenant-Colonel Rob Poisson, Canadian Forces Health Services Group, was presented with a Certificate of Appreciation for his visionary guidance and meritorious dedication to CIMVHR.
With the continued support of Wounded Warriors Canada and the Royal Canadian Legion, CIMVHR was able to present two prestigious scholarships to help support the next generation of researchers. This year, Ms. Linna Tam-Seto, of Queen's University, was awarded the Wounded Warriors Doctoral Scholarship in Military and Veteran Health Research and Mr. Jeremiah Buhler, University of Manitoba, was awarded The Royal Canadian Legion Masters Scholarship in Veteran Health Research. Best of luck!
Each year, the Major Sir Frederick Banting Award for Military Health Research, sponsored by the True Patriot Love Foundation, is awarded by the Surgeon General to the researcher whose presentation is deemed to be of the greatest overall value to military health. Dr. Christian Kastrup of the University of British Columbia received the 2016 Banting Award for his research titled Self-propelling Particles that Stop Severe Haemorrhage in Swine by Transporting Tranexamic Acid and Thrombin through Flowing Blood.
Four additional awards were also presented at Forum 2016: Ms. Rachael Gribble of King's College London received the VIA Rail Student Research Award; Dr. Allison Feduccia of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies received the Homewood Mental Health Treatment Award; Dr. Heidi Cramm of Queen's University received the Colonel Russell Mann, Military Family Health Research Award sponsored by The Vanier Institute of the Family; and Ms. Alyson Mahar of Queen's University/King's College London received the Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health Editors' Choice Award.
Looking ahead, CIMVHR will host its 8th Annual Forum in partnership with Invictus Games Toronto 2017 from September 25–27. Taking place at the Allstream Centre in Toronto, Forum 2017 will be the preeminent gathering dedicated to improving the health of military personnel and their families, past, present and future.

subset: commoncrawl


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Why we like the documentary "What is the Electric Car?"
We enter an historic time with real, mainstream electric cars poised to come to market. Still, there seems to be a great deal of confusion and controversy around them, which is one reason why we like the new documentary premiering in Hollywood on December 14, "What is the Electric Car?" but not the only reason.
NEW! – Slide Show from Premiere
We really like "What is the Electric Car?" because our very own Ginny is one of the stars of the film. Yes, THE Virginia (Ginny) Scales-Medeiros, mother of two, entrepreneur, inventor, auto maven and electric car proponent extraordinaire.
The story of how Ginny earned a role in the documentary "What is the Electric Car?" is somewhat ironic. Ginny is perhaps the most outgoing, gregarious person we work with, and the perfect person to help represent ZAP for its Detroit Auto Show debut. 2010 was the very first year that Detroit's North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) hosted a display dedicated to electric cars called "Electric Avenue." ZAP was invited to display its Alias electric car in Detroit as part of the lead-up to the Progressive Insurance Automotive X PRIZE.
Now, working an auto show is tough, but Detroit is a doozy, running for two weeks. We were confident in Ginny though, and naturally she came out a champ, fielding inquiries for ZAP, helping make valuable connections and introducing ZAP to Motor City. It was during the show that we met up with Scott duPont, Cam MacGregor, and Ken Grant, producers from the documentary "What is the Electric Car?" walking around the show gathering material for the up-coming film. He came by the X PRIZE booth and arranged an interview with ZAP executive Eric Peterson who also appears in the documentary. He gave them a quick update on the company and the ZAP Alias and they were off to meet with other electric car experts and we thought that was the end of it.
Little did we know, the producers were on a quest to find "real electric car owners." There were a host of people representing electric cars at the Detroit Auto Show, but only a very few who actually owned one and used it on a daily basis. Leave it to Ginny to find this out, not on the show floor, but during the complimentary continental breakfast at the Holiday Inn, Detroit.
According to Ginny, she remembers walking out of the elevator still wearing her pajamas and feeling embarrassed when she noticed Scott duPont wearing his usual smart, show-biz attire. She was eating breakfast and it was somewhat busy, but she overheard duPont saying he was looking for someone who actually drives an electric car, and being Ginny, she spoke up immediately.
"I drive an electric car," she interjected.
You probably had to be there, but she laughs when she remembers the look the producers gave her.
"They looked at me in my pajamas like I just got out of bed with this expression, as if to say, 'Yeah, right.' They must have thought I was one of those groupies who will say anything to get a part in a movie."
"You mean you've driven one?" duPont asked.
"'No, I have nothing else but an electric car.' I could tell they were skeptical at first. But I told them my whole story."
Ginny told the producers all about how she started driving an electric car. She was just winding down from promoting her own product and was offered a job by ZAP's CEO Steve Schneider who had worked with her in the past and had known her for over 20 years. In 2007, she started checking out the Xebra truck and tried a lease on one from ZAP. She was also driving a Mercedes S Class, but quickly realized she could save a lot of money by driving electric while meeting 95% of her daily driving, putting 600-800 miles per month in it. She also checked out PG&E's E-9 Meter Program for electric car owners, which helps her get a discount on her utility bill. One of the perks of having the E-9 meter is that she is charged a lower rate during off peak hours and she estimates saving $100 or more a month on her overall utility bill. Subtract that from her lease and insurance, she estimates the Xebra is only costing her about $20 a month with the savings from the E-9 program. The insurance is so much less because the Xebra is classified as a low-speed motorcycle. She realized she could rent a gas car if she needed to take an extended trip, but even if she rented a car three times a month, it was still cheaper than the Mercedes, which she estimates was costing about $1,000 a month.
"This has become my main message to people about switching to an electric car," says Ginny. "It's fun helping people learn about electric cars and I also educate businesses when I drive around Santa Rosa and ask to plug in. People say, 'How much is that going to cost me?' When I reply, 'Maybe 15 cents,' they do a double-take, but when I show them how my old Mercedes was costing me $1,000 per month and a ZAP Xebra only $20 a month, they really start to get it. Also, I tell people that they don't have to wait for electric cars; there are many affordable electric vehicles already on the market. That's my main message."
At this point, duPont was probably realizing that he had found what he was looking for, and an even rarer breed at that, someone that only drove an electric car. He asked for photos and video of Ginny with her electric car. He asked if he could see copies of her PG&E utility bill and information about the E-9 meter. He asked if he came to visit, would she show him her electric car.
Recently we learned that Ginny has a prominent role in the film, which includes some 50 electric car owners with their stories. With the film due to premier in Hollywood next week, Ginny is excited that she will be appearing, partly from a personal standpoint in educating people about electric transportation, but also because it helps ZAP.
"I'm proud to be a part of ZAP. I love living a simple, healthy lifestyle and ZAP has helped me accomplish this. I love being an entrepreneur, educating people about a better way to drive and making a difference for society. Working for ZAP let's me do all that, and drive electric cars. It's fun!"
One of our employees, Jeff Gettys, caught the preview screening last month and said it was great. The rest of us are looking forward to seeing it, not to mention Ginny, who is planning on attending the Hollywood Premier on Tuesday, December 14, 2010 at the Historic Lloyd E. Rigler Theatre at the Egyptian at 6712 Hollywood Blvd. Ginny hasn't stopped there. Now, she is talking to the producers about holding a showing of "What is the Electric Car?" in ZAP's home town of Santa Rosa. Stay tuned, and please support the wonderful makers of the documentary by visiting the Official Website at http://www.whatistheelectriccar.com/ for ticket and DVD sales.
And don't forget. If you use Facebook, you can enter to win a 100% electric car that will be given away December 14 simply when you 'Like' the Fan Page for "What is the electric car?"
ZAP Electric Truck Delivering Ice at the Air Show
It's 100 degrees out at the annual air show this past Sunday. I'm walking around dying from thirst and all the lines for refreshments are prohibitively long, when I notice this red pickup truck pulling up to a vendor that seems shut down.
It's the ZAP Xebra electric truck filled with ice and they proceed to unload a couple of ice chests and the vendor is back in business. Luckily I had my iPhone and snapped this quick video. Then I had an ice cold water!
It's always a treat to be out and about and find someone using a ZAP electric vehicle that you didn't expect. All throughout the show I noticed a wide variety of different vehicles at work. Some of the golf carts used by management were electric, but there were also several annoyingly loud and smelly gas utility vehicles delivering supplies or collecting garbage that in my humble opinion should not be used at events where there are large gatherings of people. They sound like tractors and you can't hear when they drive by leaving behind a cloud of exhaust. I was almost thinking this when suddenly the ZAP truck appeared!
This is a great move by the vendors at the Air Show. Electric trucks like this are now available, larger and with many more options. Hopefully more event organizers will realize how much better they are for airports, air shows and large events.
If you ever get a chance, visit the Pacific Coast Air Museum. They organize the annual Wings Over the Wine Country, Sonoma County's annual Air Show every August at the Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County International Airport (STS). It really is a blast, but wear plenty of sunscreen and show up early to park your folding chair under a vacant airplane wing and you will be in for a great show.
And to whomever decided to use the ZAP truck to deliver ice… I owe you a cold one!


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Spring has sprung and we teamed up with our friends at Pottery Barn to create a very colorful and charming Easter brunch to celebrate!! We wanted to create something a little different than the traditional pastels and bunny rabbits, so instead we went with bold colors and palm leaves, inspired by Pottery Barn's very colorful Moroccan glasses!
We lined the table with small vases filled with colorful flowers, and placed copper and speckled Easter eggs down the middle. We made calligraphy eggs and used Pottery Barn's beautiful wooden napkin holders to hold them! It worked perfectly!


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2019 Volkswagen Sharan Review And Info
2019 Volkswagen Sharan. Engine, design, appearance and all other important things. It will be almost brand new Volkswagen Sharan. Due to those master plans, there are many details that may come from the Volkswagen factory, every detail we have from well-informed sources. We must say that is very reliable information about the new Volkswagen Sharan, take a look. Volkswagen is set to unveil the future on the Geneva engine displaying their next Volkswagen Sharan MFP era. For sale in about three gear variations, this Trendline (core version), the Comfortline (mid-degree edition) and Helen (one of the most outstanding version), this Volkswagen Sharan MFP is also scheduled to be on sale this season.
As you probably already know, the new 2019 Volkswagen Sharan will be released with improved design and feel. This time, its overall size will be improved and increased. The new Volkswagen Sharan will be larger. This is a great way to make it closer to customers in the United States. The great way is that Volkswagen will not make it heavier this way. His weight will remain where he or she will be so low. This can be managed thanks to better weight distribution and thanks to lightweight materials that will be used in the chassis.
Now, the part function will be important for the new Volkswagen Sharan, not just aesthetic. Even tires and wheels will be bigger. Announced the new Volkswagen Sharan to reach on 20.0-inch wheels. With the new tires, you will be able to go on off-road as well as well.Headlights are definitely the first thing you will notice on the new Volkswagen Sharan 2019. They'll have a clearer staircase but they're going to be bigger. Now, grille will be connected to those lights. The nets are now used with the only chrome that will make it shine better than ever before. You can also see that bumpers are reinforced now. We have heard that it will be made of stronger but lighter materials.
It is clear to say that the two sides of the new Volkswagen Sharan have larger side mirrors now which are on their way to improve the safety of the new Volkswagen Sharan. On the back, we can see that the rear glass is longer than before and that the rear lights are wider. They are almost connected with each other this time. Interior is probably the most important thing when you want to build a big and useful van mini. New 2019 Volkswagen Sharan is definitely one of those. His cabin is more amazing and that is more important, it will be comfortable and enjoyable. It will be made with other soft and comfortable material.
What's great about it is that there will be no plastic used inside this minivan. The bulk of the cabin will be made using leather, carbon fiber and some wood details. Be sure to make its price increase but worth it. Well worth the money. Now, the best organization where Volkswagen engineers have made perfect. These seats are now better placed and they 'design better than in the previous generation. Now, they have the most accurate lumbar and lateral support. You should know that the front row of seats has more than 10 directions of adjustments that can make it one of the greatest in the market.
The new instrument board 2019 Volkswagen Sharan has the best organization now. There will be many buttons now but will have a larger touch now. Climate openings are now made in square form, and they will be larger as well. The dual zone climate controller will be installed which will make you able to adjust the temperature exactly how you want it. When it comes to the entertainment information system you need to know that it will be improved and more equipped with safety functions.
Thanks to the oil engines and the turbo diesel, each single version in 2019 Volkswagen Sharan has accepted the new added speed significantly. The new design perfectly enhances this. Its short front and rear curves, in particular, in addition to the popular wheel arches, build the presence of new streets. Family ratios for this vehicle also have a much stronger effect.
It has also expanded by adding 9.2 centimeters (analyzed from the entrance to the front entrance to the front) to 1.9 m. At the same time its height was 1.2 cm reduced, at 1.72 meters. The result can be an interesting interaction of dimensions in addition to a strong overall effect. Low level, suddenly, does not come at the expense of the internal rise.
The release date probably can not be until May 2019. Make sure you can not get the new 2019 Volkswagen Sharan under $32,000, at least when it comes to its basic trim level. For some more filed, you will have to split about $45,000.


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Photos from the Jan. 19 SlantEd Comedy show at the El Rey Theatre
January 22, 2009 · Posted in Events, General, Photos · 2 Comments
Hello Pinoylifers (and the brand new army of haters – thanks for the traffic). 2009 is starting off strong for Pinoy stand-up comedy. Jo Koy had his first hour long special air on Comedy Central in early January and on January 19, Edwin San Juan's SlantEd Comedy show had its first Showtime taping that featured Edwin, Bernadette Balagtas, Joey Guila, Dan Gabriel, Ron Josol, and Paul Ogata.
Here are some photos from the January 19th SlantEd Comedy show taping at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles, CA.


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At the end of 1975 Canadian Businessman Walter Wolf bought the assets of the Hesketh formula 1 team, he also bought 60% of Frank Williams team and what, in 1975 had been the Hesketh 308C became the Williams Wolf FW05 for 1976, driven by Jacky Ickx, Michel Leclere and Arturo Merzario.
FW05/3 was ready for the French GP at Paul Ricard where it was driven by Ickx who also drove it in the British GP at Brands Hatch, Merzario then took over for the rest of the season. At the end of the year Jody Scheckter tried the car and was within a second of his team-mate Patrick Depailler in the Grand Prix winning Tyrrell P34, Scheckter commented that the Williams Wolf Team drivers just hadn't been pressing the loud pedal hard enough.
Merzario was driving FW05/3 at the Nurburgring when Niki Lauda had his life threatening crash, Merzario helping to pull Lauda from the flames for which he was awarded a medal.
For 1977 FW05/3 was sold to Derek Cook for the British National Shellsport G8 Championship and then to John Cooper for the 1978 Aurora F1 Championship.
Malcolm Clube – 1982
John Foulston – 1984
Chris Ball – 1990
Valentine Lindsay – 1999
Richard Austin – 2003
Steve Hartley/David Abbott – 2009


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Hold Tight
This site is all about weight loss and hair loss. Two big issues going on in todays world. Most people want to know how to fight hair loss and how to lose weight. We hope that this site will provide people with adequate information to help those seeking answers. Please read around and share any information that you find to be helpful.
This site will cover tips, reviews and other information. If you have any suggestions on what to ad then please send us an email and ask questions. We will be more than happy to answer questions and provide as much information as possible.We don't want to misguide anyone or mislead anyone and give them the wrong information that may lead to disappointment. We have experience in both weight loss and understanding of how hair grows and how to take care of it. We cover all topics from alopecia areata, traction alopecia, to fat burning supplements to help assist you with weight loss.
With that being said please enjoy this information and again, if you find anything on this page valuable please share this website along so more people can benefit from what we are providing. Thank you very much and enjoy.…


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July 11, 2007
Sam, Daisy, Caleb and I just wanted to thank everyone for their kind words and emails regarding the birth of our newest addition, Caleb Jon. We've heard from friends and family from just about every time zone and that's been beyond cool.
Sam has officially settled back into her role as a mom, but this time around to a newborn and an active toddler. As for Daisy and I we are slowly adjusting as well. As we have with Daisy, we'll do our best to keep all interested parties abreast of the goings on here in Wyoming and our growing Janney family. Speaking of Wyoming, some good friends of ours at work purchased Caleb a Wyoming Cowboy onesie and I've just found the slippers to go with it.
Posted by paul at July 11, 2007 07:48 PM in Paul rant


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D'var Torah (A bit of Torah study from Rabbi Feingold) VA'EIRA
At the beginning of this week's parasha (Torah portion), Moses reports back to God about his effort to convince the Israelites that God would free them from slavery. The text tells us that the people were unable to hear Moses' hopeful message because their spirits were "crushed by cruel bondage." (Ex. 6: 9) How do we respond when local, national or world events crush our spirits? Do we begin to tune out anything that provides sparks of hope in the darkness? Recent events have brought a sense of despair to many in the U.S. In truth, this happens almost any time that there is a significant shift in the political landscape. In response to America's recent transition of power, a nonpartisan group of 100 religious scholars have chosen to speak their minds, to America's new leaders, but also to each of us, during the first 100 days of the new Administration. To subscribe to these daily, inspirational letters, go to http://www.valuesandvoices.com


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For Deaf and Hard of Hearing, the joy of live music!
"Ms. Parker, a Texas native, and members of her Austin-based company, LotuSIGN, had interpreted more than 20 bands' sets for deaf and hard of hearing festival attendees that weekend. As evidenced by the positive reception she received, her interpretations had won over a good part of the hearing audience as well…."
Photo credit The New York Times
Continue reading the article here: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/03/arts/music/sign-language-interpreters-bring-live-music-to-the-deaf.html?smid=tw-share&_r=0


text: On our road trip to Overland Expo in May, we were fortunate enough (smart enough?) to take the road less traveled, i.e, scenic Hwy 395. This, mostly two lane, highway runs from the Canadian Border in Washington, through Oregon, and as far south in California as Kramer Junction, even dipping briefly into Nevada at Reno. Having never driven through the Sierra Nevada's previously, we were game for scenic wonder, little traffic, and some new sites along the way. We couldn't have chosen a better route.


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Silicon Valley star TJ Miller was arrested. Yep, that's right TJ Miller arrested for fighting an Uber driver who supported Donald Trump. Check it out.
So now the anti-Trump movement involves fighting anyone who supports Donald Trump. Like and share on Facebook to expose the stupidity of the left.
Become An Insider!
Sign up for the free Think Americana email newsletter, and we'll make sure to keep you in the loop.


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Penname: vain_firechild [Contact]
Real name: Member Since: 10 Oct 2006
Membership status: Member
Real name: Member Since: 10 Oct 2006
Membership status: Member
I like well written stories. Though het is something I normally do not read.
But GT5 isn't just slapstick (no matter how Amy's Mission Report reads!), they are five real people out doing their best in a galaxy far far away. Maybe they aren't GT1 caliber, but they aren't afraid of hard work... just the wombats.
Fics are listed in order by timeline and/or suggested reading order. The 'Tales' is a collection of drabbles created prior to the series formatting upgrade, each chapter is a separate story/drabble.


text: ANNOUNCEMENT "FACING THE FIRE" - A new video release. Borderline Video has just produced a 25-minute documentary showing many of the dramatic events suffered by Karen communities during the Burmese Army's 1997 dry season offensives, both in Karen State and along the Thai-Burma border. This debut video by Borderline Video features events that drew responses of international outrage, such as the forced repatriation of newly arrived refugees back into the active war zone, and the Burmese Army-backed attacks on refugee camps in Thailand. It reports on the Burmese Military's depopulation policy in Karen State's northern hills and the persecution of its shattered communities, and portrays the refugee communities' attempts to maintain stability throughout these traumatic times. Filmed by the Karen themselves, the film bears witness to events throughout the length of Karen State, and provides a powerful retrospective on what has been the most desperate year in the Karen's long drawn-out struggle for ethnic recognition within Burma. The video is PAL formatted and in English. Karen and Burmese language versions will be available in the near future. To order a copy of the video, please send your payment to The Karen Community Information Service by: 1) Bank Credit Transfer. Please transfer the applicable cost below to: Account Name: Karen Community Information Service Account Number: 212-2-27803-7 Bank Name: The Thai Farmers Bank Branch: Mae Sot, Tak Province 63110, Thailand and inform us in writing of your order and postal address; 2) Crossed Cheque. Please make a crossed cheque payable to: "Karen Community Information Service" for the applicable cost below PLUS US$10.00 TO COVER CHEQUE CLEARANCE FEES, and send it together with your order to: The Karen Community Information Service P.O.Box 44 Mae Sot Tak 63110 Thailand Costs per video: - within Thailand ... US$ 8.00 / 320 baht (including postage) - outside Thailand .. US$17.00 / 680 baht (including postage) All payments received will be confirmed in writing. Delivery will be made within two weeks of payment clearance. For further details about the video or our other work, please contact us at: The Karen Community Information Service P.O.Box 44 Mae Sot Tak 63110 Thailand e-mail: win6@xxxxxxxxxxxxx or at: Borderline Video P.O.Box 21 Srinakharinwirot Post Office Bangkok 10117 Thailand e-mail: cfisher@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx The video is copyrighted by Borderline Video, and its purchase constitutes acceptance of the condition that the video cannot be resold or used for commercial purposes without the prior expressed permission of Borderline Video. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------


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My life online.
Look at the message I got from AOL, "Thanks for being with AOL Mail since 1996." Wow, I can't believe it's been that long! My first experience with the internet was as a college student in the early 90's at a friend's house in Connecticut. Her family owned a personal computer and ran CompuServe as the internet service. The internet and / or being online was interesting, but at the time I wasn't interested in it. Computers weren't new to me. I had been using them since the 7th grade when we used the all-in-one bulky Radio Shack computer to learn how to type and play the game Oregon Trail.
In my senior year of high school our art room was lucky to get one Apple computer with a printer. That was my first experience with computer graphics and I am forever grateful to Mr McLean, my art teacher, who let me create whatever and whenever I wanted.
Knowing that I wanted to pursue art as a career - and make money at it too - I became a student of graphic design at the Junior College of Albany, New York. This was in 1990 when the world of graphic design was changing from hands-on mechanical board layouts to computer designed layouts on a disk. I became a 'wiz' on Apple computers and I could design one-of-a-kind logos, brochures and print material from concept to final printed piece all with the click of a mouse. I transferred to the School of Visual Arts in New York City and started to hear more and more talk about the "internet", but internet access wasn't commonplace and I didn't even have an email address. During the fall of 1994 I was taking a class in Photoshop and the teacher was suggesting the internet was going to be the "next big thing" and there would be a need for graphic designers to design well designed websites. At the time internet design was all HTML coding and I did not want to bother with that since I was just about to graduate.
The first email address and internet access I had was in 1995 when I got my first real "graphic designer" job at First Brands Corporation in Connecticut. It was like freedom at my fingertips for communication and information access. My graphic design career took off and with the internet and email I had access to the world with no limits to what I could create. The rest my friends is history!
By Geri E. Neumann
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Pin Badges
Officially Licensed Pin & Button Badges
Rock Off supply wholesale official licensed band accessories, our extensive range of collectible pin badges includes Button Badges, Button Badge Packs, Mini Pin Badges & traditional Pin Badges.
Fully Supporting Trade Buyers
We supply on a trade-only basis and not directly to the public. To order, please register or log-in. If you have any queries contact us directly.
To receive the latest updates on artist activities, please visit our Key Events Page. Get the latest news on arrivals, special offers & more by subscribing to our Trade-Only Newsletter.


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NCL Graphic Specialties takes product quality extremely seriously and continually assesses its production lines to ensure its label and commercial promotional packaging products are manufactured to the highest standards of its customers. As part of this continual process, we will be installing an Insight metal detection system to protect customers' machines
The metal detection will be installed inline at or near the final package stage of production and can accurately detect contaminants as small as 2ml stainless steel. This added inline efficiency adds another layer of brand protection for the customers who specify a need for this process.
NCL places great weight on helping its customers resolve challenges that can impact their production processes and adds value to the partnership between NCL and its customers.
NCL has added a Food Contact Segregation Area at its Waukesha Facility. The delineated area will be identified by a separate room on the production floor and house certain finishing equipment for inserts into food as well as other direct food contact materials.
The room was created to help NCL meet growing customer demands for food contact safety for certain labels and promotional products. The Food Contact Segregation Area consists of a marked, segregated area in the facility signifying certain additional GMP and PPE requirements, among other sanitation requirements, where finished food contact products are produced and managed to their finished product state.
Global food companies have been working on the Global Food Safety Initiative for 14 years now, and are far enough into the process that they are evaluating packaging (printers) with a different perception than they have in the past. Direct contact materials are viewed as a potential source of contamination for their products. Food safety concepts have been engineered into programs and the layouts of facilities themselves in food manufacturing long before the GFSI became a driving force. For those farther down in the supply chain, many of these concepts are new and seem excessive. The expectation from GFSI compliant vendors is that their suppliers will follow suit and make changes to demonstrate that they consider food safety in their manufacturing processes.
Behaviors inside the Food Contact Segregation Area must demonstrate an understanding of sanitary technique, along with developed programs throughout the process. Hand washing, sanitizing, foreign material control and traceability of raw materials and finished goods are key topics for GFSI companies. The benefit to demonstrating that we all understand the expectations and abide by them daily, is the opportunity to supply the large companies with large quantities of printed materials. NCL is proud to be taking the leadership in food contact safety once again for the benefit of our customers.


text: Digital$1 Million Fine For NBA Facebooking During LockoutThe start of the NBA season this fall be may delayed indefinitely due to the lockout, and any Facebook or Twitter contact between players and teams will result in a strict million dollar fine and perhaps loss of picks.By Ruth Manuel-Logan|July 1, 2011 ShareBy Ruth Manuel-Logan|July 1, 2011 ShareThe start of the NBA season this fall be may delayed indefinitely due to the lockout after salary negotiations ground to a halt — and as part of the lockout, any Facebook or Twitter contact between players and teams will result in a strict million dollar fine and perhaps loss of picks. The league locked out its players when negotiations failed to agree upon a new contract and heads butted on every single aspect from salaries to salary cap, revenues to revenue sharing.Interestingly enough, now social media is playing a vital role in how teams can communicate with players during the dispute. The NBA and its Commissioner David Stern (pictured) have put in place some pretty tight lockout constraints that forbids coaches, general managers, all front office personnel from communicating via Facebook. With regards to Twitter, the NBA officials can follow players but under no circumstances can they re-tweet messages.If teams are discovered breaking any of the stipulations during the lockout they will face the strict fine, but even worse, the possible loss of draft picks which allows them to select the creme de la creme basketball talents in the country.Reportedly Stern and the NBA's front office will not bend the rules and are playing hard ball all the way with their demands."The league office is digging in," one general manager told ESPN.com. "They made it clear to everyone that they're going to crack down hard on any sign of contact with the players and they said they're going to be very vigilant."Well readers, this article begs the question: How much Facebooking is actually going on between the NBA players and team management? And in general, which sports teams are you a fan of on Facebook? Sharehttp://adweek.it/2kBczSb copy Adweek Adweek


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The Bible declares that we ought train up children in the way of the Lord. At Jerusalem, we take pride in doing just that and doing it well! Ours is a multi-generational Church, and our young people participate eagerly and fully in its worship, work and witness. Deaconness Maxine Rice and the Youth Ministry Staff of the Jerusalem Church love working with our young people. And they recognize that Christian training can and should be interesting, engaging and (dare we say) fun!
We invite you and your youth to join us as we grow in the knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. We have Sunday School each week at 9:00 a.m. Every Second Sunday, our youth lead worship at our 10:00 a.m. Worship Service. Our children also have the opportunity to explore worship and service through our Youth Ushers, Youth Choir and Dance Ministries. Throughout the year we plan a variety of outings, worship services and fellowship activities for our young people.
Deaconess A. Maxine Rice, Youth Ministry Coordinator
E-Mail: email@example.com
Phone: 301.996.9407
Jerusalem Baptist Church


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Then pick up one of these hilarious reads :
Beat the Band by Don Calame
Paired with the infamous "Hot Dog" Helen for a health class presentation on safe sex, tenth-grader Coop tries to regain his "cool" by entering his musically challenged rock group in the "Battle of the Bands" competition.
How to Ruin a Summer Vacation by Simone Ekeles
When sixteen-year-old Amy, a spoiled American, goes to Israel for a three-month summer vacation with a father she barely knows, she is not prepared for his Jewish family and the changes they bring about in her life.
I am a Genius of Unspeakable Evil and I want to be Your Class President by Josh Lieb
In Omaha, Nebraska, twelve-year-old Oliver Watson has everyone convinced that he is extremely stupid and lazy, but he is actually a very wealthy, evil genius, and when he decides to run for seventh-grade class president, nothing will stand in his way.
Click here for more hysterical picks!


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Prequel or Sequel?Loads of people have been wondering..
Is FNaF 2 a prequel or a sequel?
It's a prequel! And I'll tell you why..
The paycheck you receive for beating Night 5 (and the whole game) if you check the date it says "1987".
This PROVES that this is a prequel! The first game is a sequel because it was base AFTER the bite! As the phone guy states..
"Uh, they used to be allowed to walk around during the day too. But then there was The Bite of '87. Yeah. I-It's amazing that the human body can live without the frontal lobe, you know?"
Also, on the newspaper above, the outlined paragraphs, it says:
"The new animatronics will be scrapped due to possible malfunctions, however the original characters are being kept in hopes of a possible REORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY.
It's a minor setback..we are confident that we will REOPEN SOMEDAY."
And they did! The reopened, and that is how the first game is a sequel and the second is a prequel. The original characters were kept for the 'sequel'.


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Game Credits
|Guilty Gear X2: The Midnight Carnival #Reload (2004)
|(Special Thanks)
|Phantom Dust (2004)
|(Special Thanks)
|Drake of the 99 Dragons (2003)
|(Special Thanks)
|Bomberman Jetters (2002)
Developer Biography
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DOWNEY -- The Downey City Library has several public events scheduled this month, including a "Mini Comic Con" on July 29.
Below is a schedule of events:
July 13: Songs of the Wild Animal Show
Pacific Animal Productions will present a program on the sounds of the rainforest, mountain, desert and more. Visitors can also meet some wild animals.
This event takes place in the Downey Theatre at 2:30 p.m. Overflow parking available at Downey High.
July 13: Name Your Hero Essay Contest
Bring your completed essay about someone who made a difference in your life. Share your hero story and vote on the winners, who will receive prizes.
This event will take place in the library's Cormack Room at 6:30 p.m.
July 15: Stop Motion Movie Making for Teens and Tweens
Using downloaded software and smart phones, learn how to make your own movie using your Android or iPhone. Get creative and bring any action figures or props you would like to use.
This event will take place in the library's Cormack Room from 12:30 to 2:30 p.m.
The library will host a comic book convention from 12-5 p.m. with vendors, activities, workshops, costume contests, and more. All while supplies last, some programs require registration due to room capacity.
For more information, call (562) 904-7360, ext. 127.


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Code: PRZ-cf4fc36
Dublin has always been a top European destination with creative, trend-setting locals, a rich history and the nearby acres of green countryside to explore. Be sure to make it part of any European itinerary for a dose of Irish charm. To fit in to this fashionable city, spend a weekend here, and visit Kildare Village for the ultimate in exclusive shopping that you can't find anywhere else in the country.
a room good enough for a rock star
Once you've arrived on the Emerald Isle, check in to Dublin's premier boutique hotel, The Clarence, set in a quiet area facing the River Liffey in the heart of the city. Owned by U2's Bono and the Edge, this hotel is a far leap from over-the-top rock star style. Instead, this 19th century building exudes a warm, sophisticated feeling with rich oak panelling and comfy oversized leather chairs with just enough of that star-studded charm to maintain the perfect contemporary yet classic atmosphere.
the best shopping in dublin
Once you're settled and your bags are unpacked, it's time for some seriously good shopping. Kildare Village is Ireland's first and only collection of luxury outlet boutiques: utterly exclusive and set in County Kildare's beautiful horse-racing heritage. Hop on the train at Dublin's Heuston station straight to Kildare town, or if you prefer, we can organise a car for the short drive to shopping heaven.
With up to 60% off the recommended retail price plus our exclusive VIP Card for even more price reductions, this is the shopping day you've dreamt about. Be sure to pick up beautiful Italian children's clothing at Petit, or check out Dublin-born brand Régine for fabulously chic and romantic womanswear. The Village is home to a number of heritage brands, giving true Irish style to your wardrobe. Immerse yourself in high fashion at prices you didn't know existed, and all near one of Europe's most cosmopolitan cities. Perfect.
unwind in the countryside
After all that shopping, why not lie back for a relaxing full body massage back at The Clarence? The perfect way to unwind your muscles after all that excitement. Fancy a game of golf? We can arrange for you to head to The Royal Dublin Golf Club to tee off where some of the greats from Old Tom Morris to Bill Clinton have swung their clubs. The wood-panelled clubhouse has the feel of true Celtic spirit. For a bit more adrenalin, head to the Curragh horse-racing course – famous worldwide as home to all five irish Classic Flat races. You'll feel like a local in no time.
For a day in that famous Irish countryside, we suggest heading to Malahide Castle in County Dublin. Set in an expansive park by a classic Irish cobblestone town on the sea, this is one of the oldest castles in Ireland. Spend a day breathing in the salty air, enjoy a drink in the castle's tea room, and wander down the lanes where you're sure to be greeted with a smile by all the locals.
Back in Dublin, if you want to enjoy a night in the city and discover it's secret gems, we can help. If you like, the Black Tomato concierge service can recommend you exclusive, hidden away gourmet restaurants and sophisticated lounge bars. Head out in your favourite new party dress or suit that's sure to turn some heads. The ideal Irish weekend.
Available Year Round
Disclaimer: Pins in map may not be accurate if Google Maps cannot find the exact address. In this case an approximation is made.
See All Private Tour


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If you want to see more previews, check out THIS LINK.
If you want to see more previews, check out THIS LINK.
As most of you know, after nine years THE DAILY DIGI is closing its doors.
About a month ago, we contacted current members regarding a refund for the unused portion of their memberships. All members who responded via our Google form have been refunded. (It still may take up to 7 days to show up in your account.)
If you have not yet replied to the email, it is imperative that we hear from you in the next few days. We need to close our financial books and we will be turning off the site, making it nearly impossible to get in touch.
If we don't hear from you by November 1, we will NOT be able to process a financial refund. If you have not already replied, please do so as soon as possible. We want to honor all of our members!
Thank you!
After you log in, look for CLICK AND CREATE CLASSES on the right sidebar (not the top). You should find your Digi Deal "class" there. Click on that and you'll be able to find your downloads.
This deal won't last. Grab it while you can.
We've used lots of words over the last nine years, and we hope that even though we are saying goodbye, you'll still use your words to tell the stories of your heart! You can start with this FREE ALPHA pack!
A little birdie told me that THE DAILY DIGI has done what makes her heart sing! As a thank you for NINE great years, fly on over to grab this darling FREE pack of pocket cards!
We hope you've had as much FUN over the last nine years as we have! This oh-so-cute "photo booth" stickers are sure to dress up your photos for lots of laughs! Grab 'em for free right HERE.
Over the last NINE YEARS, we hope you've FALLEN in love with the memories making and memory keeping strategies we've shared. From our hearts to yours, enjoy this itty-bitty kit. Grab it HERE.
We hope that over the last NINE YEARS, THE DAILY DIGI has taught you amazing things! Let's hope the learning never stops with the C-U-T-E sticker pack! Grab 'em HERE.
THE DAILY DIGI has bloomed and grown so much over the last nine years! Here's another little way we're saying THANK YOU! Gran these beautiful blooms HERE!
THE DAILY DIGI may be flying away, but we can't leave with some colorful reminders of a colorful and inspirational NINE YEARS!
Grab this gorgeous little paper pack HERE.


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- Research article
- Open Access
Mouse taste cells with G protein-coupled taste receptors lack voltage-gated calcium channels and SNAP-25
© Clapp et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 26 January 2006
- Accepted: 30 March 2006
- Published: 30 March 2006
Taste receptor cells are responsible for transducing chemical stimuli from the environment and relaying information to the nervous system. Bitter, sweet and umami stimuli utilize G-protein coupled receptors which activate the phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway in Type II taste cells. However, it is not known how these cells communicate with the nervous system. Previous studies have shown that the subset of taste cells that expresses the T2R bitter receptors lack voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, which are normally required for synaptic transmission at conventional synapses. Here we use two lines of transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) from two taste-specific promoters to examine Ca2+ signaling in subsets of Type II cells: T1R3-GFP mice were used to identify sweet- and umami-sensitive taste cells, while TRPM5-GFP mice were used to identify all cells that utilize the PLC signaling pathway for transduction. Voltage-gated Ca2+ currents were assessed with Ca2+ imaging and whole cell recording, while immunocytochemistry was used to detect expression of SNAP-25, a presynaptic SNARE protein that is associated with conventional synapses in taste cells.
Depolarization with high K+ resulted in an increase in intracellular Ca2+ in a small subset of non-GFP labeled cells of both transgenic mouse lines. In contrast, no depolarization-evoked Ca2+ responses were observed in GFP-expressing taste cells of either genotype, but GFP-labeled cells responded to the PLC activator m-3M3FBS, suggesting that these cells were viable. Whole cell recording indicated that the GFP-labeled cells of both genotypes had small voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ currents, but no evidence of Ca2+ currents. A subset of non-GFP labeled taste cells exhibited large voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ currents and a high threshold voltage-gated Ca2+ current. Immunocytochemistry indicated that SNAP-25 was expressed in a separate population of taste cells from those expressing T1R3 or TRPM5. These data indicate that G protein-coupled taste receptors and conventional synaptic signaling mechanisms are expressed in separate populations of taste cells.
The taste receptor cells responsible for the transduction of bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli are unlikely to communicate with nerve fibers by using conventional chemical synapses.
- Green Fluorescent Protein
- Taste Receptor
- Taste Cell
- Umami Taste
- Taste Receptor Cell
Taste buds, the transducing elements of gustatory sensation, contain a heterogeneous population of 50 to 100 elongate taste receptor cells, which extend from the basal lamina to the surface of the epithelium. Taste stimuli interact with receptors on the apical membrane, while the basolateral membranes of some taste cells associate with gustatory nerve fibers to transmit taste information to the brain.
Several types of taste cells have been identified morphologically. Type I cells, also known as "dark" cells, generally comprise about half of the taste bud. These cells are not believed to have a receptive function, but to play a more glial-like role in the taste bud [1, 2]. About 35% of the cells are Type II cells, which are also known as "light" cells due to the electron lucent nature of their cytoplasm. Type II cells express T1R and T2R taste receptor proteins and downstream signaling effectors for bitter, sweet, and umami taste stimuli [3–5]. These cells associate with afferent nerve fibers, but do not form morphologically identifiable synapses [4]. The remaining cells are Type III cells, sometimes referred to as "intermediate" cells. Most, if not all of these cells lack receptors and signaling effectors for bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli but may be involved in sour taste transduction [6]. Unlike Type II cells, Type III cells form synapses with nerve fibers that contain prominent pre and post synaptic specializations [7–9]. These observations have raised questions about the mechanisms used by Type II cells to communicate bitter, sweet, and umami information to the nervous system.
We have begun to address this question by characterizing the membrane properties and synaptic proteins expressed by Type II cells in mouse circumvallate taste buds. Type II cells are divisible into at least two subsets: one contains the T2R family of bitter receptors, while the other contains the T1R family of taste receptors, which normally exist as heterodimers. T1R1 + T1R3 is a broadly tuned amino acid receptor [10], while T1R2 + T1R3 forms a receptor responsive to most sweet stimuli [11, 12]. Both T2Rs and T1Rs activate the PLC signaling cascade, eliciting release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and presumed activation of the monovalent-selective cation channel, TRPM5 [13–15]. Recent electrophysiological studies suggest that the bitter-sensitive, α-gustducin-expressing subset of Type II cells lack voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and have only small voltage-gated Na+ and K+ currents [16]. Do the T1R3-expressing Type II cells also lack voltage-gated Ca2+ channels? These cells are of particular interest, because sweet stimuli generate large trains of action potentials, which might be expected to activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels [17–19]. To address this question, we used electrophysiology and Ca2+ imaging of taste cells isolated from transgenic mice expressing GFP from either the T1R3 promoter (which labels sweet and/or umami-sensitive taste cells) or the TrpM5 promoter (which labels the entire subset of PLC expressing cells) to ask whether any taste cells co-express PLC signaling components and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. In addition, we used immunoctyochemistry to determine if these taste cells express the target SNARE protein, SNAP-25, which has previously been associated with synapses in taste cells [20]. Our data suggest that the entire subset of taste cells that use the PLC signaling pathway for transduction lack conventional synapses with the nervous system.
Identification of receptor-expressing Type II taste cells
Ca2+responses in T1R3-GFP cells
Ca2+responses in TRPM5-GFP cells
TRPM5 is co-expressed with other PLC signaling effectors found in Type II cells [4, 21]. These components are downstream of the T2R and T1R taste receptors for bitter, sweet, and umami taste ([13]). To examine this larger population of cells, we isolated taste cells from TRPM5-GFP expressing mice. Cells were loaded with bath applied fura2-AM and assessed as GFP+ or GFP-. All TRPM5-GFP expressing taste cells tested (n = 20) failed to show increases in Ca2+ in response to high K+ depolarization, although they showed Ca2+ responses to the PLC activator 3M3FBS (Figure 2C). Similar to the T1R3-GFP mice, a small subset of non-GFP expressing taste cells showed sharp and repeatable increases in intracellular Ca2+ to high K+, suggesting that the cell population was viable.
Whole cell voltage clamp recording
T1R3 and SNAP-25 expression
TRPM5 and SNAP-25 expression
Our data using multiple approaches strongly suggest that the taste receptor cells responsible for sweet, umami, and bitter taste transduction lack voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and presynaptic machinery normally required for conventional synaptic transmission. These data are consistent with other physiological [16], molecular [23], and ultrastructural [4] findings suggesting that PLC expressing taste cells in rodents lack conventional synapses with the nervous system. However, Medler et al. [16] reported that one subset of Type II cells had voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Type II cells in that study were identified by immunoreactivity to an external epitope marker, Antigen A, that was reported to be expressed selectively on Type II taste cells in rats [24]. Antigen A immunoreactivity has not been examined at the ultrastructural level in mouse taste buds, so it is possible that Antigen A is labeling some Type III cells in addition to Type II cells. Alternatively, it is possible that some Type II cells in mouse do not express PLC signaling components. Further studies will be required to resolve this discrepancy. Our data also differ significantly from those of Oike et al. [25], who recently reported a large number of PLCβ2-expressing cells also express SNAP-25-LIR. Their studies involved rat taste buds, so it is possible that a species difference is the source of the discrepancy. We do not believe this to be the case, since ultrastructural studies show that PLCβ2 does not appear to be expressed in rat taste cells with conventional synapses [4], which Yang et al. [20] earlier showed express SNAP-25-LIR.
The lack of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is surprising, because Type II taste cells have voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels (c.f,., Figure 3) and generate action potentials to at least sweet stimuli [17–19]. In addition, TRPM5 is a monovalent cation channel and thus is unable to contribute to the Ca2+ influx needed for synaptic transmission [15, 26]. TRPM5 is, however, clearly critical for bitter, sweet, and umami transduction [13, 27], suggesting that it contributes to membrane depolarization, which apparently is required for transduction and afferent signaling. How is taste information from Type II receptor cells communicated to afferent nerve fibers? One possibility is that Type II cells communicate with the nervous system through the agency of Type III cells. Such communication may involve gap junctions, which were recently shown to be present in mouse taste buds [28]. Action potentials elicited by taste stimuli in Type II cells would depolarize Type III cells, which would activate afferent nerve fibers by conventional synaptic mechanisms. Ultrastructural studies have shown that Type III cells form conventional synapses with the nervous system [29, 30, 20, 9]. Further, electrophysiological studies revealed that Type III cells, identified by the Type III cell marker NCAM, have VGCCs [16]. Thus, Type III cells have the properties necessary to serve as output cells for the taste bud.
An alternate hypothesis is that Type II cells communicate directly with afferent nerve fibers, but use unconventional mechanisms. Afferent nerve fibers do associate with Type II taste cells and form subsurface cisternae at sites of contact, although it is not clear how these specializations might contribute to afferent signaling [4]. Type II taste cells contain vesicles and the vesicle SNARE protein synaptobrevin-2 [31], although the vesicles are not usually associated with nerve fiber contact. It has recently been shown that the purinergic receptors P2X2 and P2X3, expressed on gustatory afferent nerve fibers, are required for transmission of taste information to the nervous system [32]. Perhaps ATP is released via a non-conventional mechanism from PLC signaling cells to activate nerve fibers directly. In neurons, ATP release is usually vesicular and Ca2+ dependent [33]. However, in non-neuronal cells, ATP can be released by a number of unconventional mechanisms, including voltage-dependent anion channels and gap junction hemi channels [34, 35]. Further studies will be required to determine if Type II taste cells communicate directly with nerve fibers or through the agency of Type III cells.
The principal finding in this study is that the cells responsible for bitter, sweet, and umami taste transduction do not have conventional synapses with the nervous system. Two separate lines of transgenic mice allowed identification of the sweet- and umami-sensitive cells, T1R3-GFP, and the larger subset of bitter-, sweet-, and umami-sensitive cells, TRPM5-GFP. Both subsets, T1R3-GFP and TRPM5-GFP, lack VGCCs. Further, they lack the target SNARE protein SNAP-25 that has previously been associated with taste cells that have morphologically identifiable synapses [20]. We conclude that PLC expressing taste cells do not communicate with the nervous system via conventional synaptic mechanisms.
Adult transgenic mice in which either the T1R3 or TRPM5 promoter drives expression of GFP were used. Animals were cared for in compliance with the Colorado State University Animal Care and Use Committee. Specifically, pIRES2-eGFP containing the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was purchased from Clontech (Palo Alto, CA). The wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) cDNA was a gift from Dr N.V. Raikhel. The T1r3 and Trpm5 genes were subcloned from BACs obtained by screening a C57BL6 mouse BAC library. The construct T1R3-GFP contained 5' to 3': 13 kb of the mouse T1r3 gene including the 5' flanking region and the entire 5' untranslated region, the WGA cDNA, IRES and eGFP. WGA was included in the construct for the purpose of tracing studies that are unrelated to the studies described here. The construct TRPM5-GFP contained 5' to 3': 11 kb of mouse Trpm5 5' flanking sequence, Trpm5 Exon 1 (untranslated), Intron 1, and the untranslated part of Exon 2, and eGFP. The constructs were separated from the vector by restriction endonuclease digestion, purified from agarose gels using a Qiagen kit and microinjected into B6C3 mouse zygotes according to standard methods [36]. Founder transgenic mice were bred to wild-type C57BL6/J mice and their transgenic offspring were used for further experiments.
Taste cell isolation
Circumvallate and foliate taste buds from TRPM5-GFP and T1R3-GFP mice were isolated using the protocol of Béhé et al. [17]. Briefly, mice were killed with CO2 and cervical dislocation. An enzyme cocktail consisting of 1 mg/ml collagenase A or B (Roche, Indianapolis, IN), 3 mg/ml Dispase II (Roche, Indianapolis, IN), and 1 mg/ml trypsin inhibitor (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) dissolved in Tyrode's was injected beneath the epithelium of the tongue. After incubation for 40–45 min. in oxygenated nominally Ca2+ free Tyrode's, the epithelium was gently separated from the underlying connective tissue and placed in Ca2+ free Tyrode's containing 1 mM BAPTA for 10 min. Taste buds were removed by gentle suction with a fire-polished pipet and plated onto cover slips coated with Cell Tak (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA) or poly-L-lysine (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). This procedure resulted in isolated taste cells, small cell clusters, and entire taste buds. All data for both Ca2+ imaging and whole cell recording were obtained from isolated taste cells or cell clusters so that the presence or absence of GFP expression could be verified.
Intracellular Ca2+ measurements were obtained using ~2 μM fura-2 AM (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen Corporation). Images were acquired with the CCD Sensicam QE camera (COOKE Corporation) through a 40× oil immersion objective lens of an inverted Nikon Diaphot TMD microscope. Excitation wavelengths of 350 nm and 380 nm were used and with an emission wavelength ~510 nm. Calcium levels were reported as F350/F380 versus time. Images were captured every 1–5 seconds using Imaging Workbench 5.2 (Indec Biosystems, Inc.) and graphed using OriginPro 7.5 software. Responses were measured to m-3M3FBS (PLC activator, 10 μM, Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) and high potassium solution (55 mM). All solutions were bath applied using a gravity flow perfusion system (Automate Scientific Inc., San Francisco, CA) and laminar flow perfusion chambers (RC-25F, Warner Scientific Inc., Hamden, CT).
Whole cell recording
Voltage dependent currents were measured using the whole cell patch clamp technique [37]. Patch electrodes were pulled from LE-16 glass (Dagan Corporation, MN) with a Flaming/Brown micropipette puller (Model P-97, Sutter Instruments, Novato, CA). Pipette resistance ranged from 2 to 5 MΩ. Seals were obtained using gentle suction and entry into the cell was made further suction, or with a 1 ms depolarizing pulse to the pipette. Whole cell currents were measured using an Axopatch 200A patch clamp amplifier and recorded using pClamp 9 software (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Signals were filtered at 5 kHz and recorded at 100 μs. Membrane capacitance was compensated electronically and external solutions were delivered by gravity flow perfusion (Automate Scientific Inc., San Francisco, CA) at a rate of 2–3 ml/min. Voltage-gated currents were elicited by 100 ms step depolarizations from a holding potential of -80 mV.
Ca2+imaging experiments
Tyrode's solution contained the following (in mM): 140 NaCl, 5 KCl, 1 MgCl2, 1 CaCl2, 10 HEPES, 10 glucose, and 1 pyruvic acid, adjusted to pH 7.4 with NaOH. High K+ solution contained the following (in mM): 90 NaCl, 55 KCl, 1 MgCl, 1 CaCl2, 10 HEPES, 10 glucose, and 1 pyruvic acid. The PLC activator m-3M3FBS was diluted to 10 μM in Tyrode's solution. Ca2+/Mg2+ free Tyrode's solution contained 1 mM BAPTA.
Patch clamp experiments
Tyrode's was identical to that for Ca2+ imaging, except CaCl2 was 2 mM. For recording Ca2+ current, extracellular solution contained (in mM): 136 tetraethylammonium bromide, 10 BaCl2, 1 MgCl2, 10 HEPES, 10 glucose, 1 pyruvate, and 200 nM TTX to block voltage Na+ currents. Intracellular pipet solution contained (in mM): 140 KCl, 2 MgCl2, 1 CaCl2, 11 EGTA, 10 HEPES, and 2.5 ATP, adjusted to pH 7.2 with KOH.
Tissue preparation for immunocytochemistry
Mice were killed in a charged CO2 container followed by cervical dislocation. Tongues were removed and immediately placed into fresh 4% paraformaldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences, Ft. Washington, PA) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for approximately two hours. Tongues were then put into a 20% sucrose solution in 0.1 M phosphate buffer overnight for cryoprotection. Forty micron sections were cut on a Leitz 1729 digital Kryostat and collected in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2). Following sectioning, the slices were washed in PBS three times for ten minutes each at room temperature. All sections were incubated in blocking solution for 1–2 hours at room temperature. Blocking solution contained 0.3% Triton X-100, 1% normal goat serum, and 1% bovine serum albumin in 0.1 M PBS. All chemicals were purchased from Sigma Chemical Corporation (St. Louis, MO) unless otherwise noted
Anti-SNAP-25 polyclonal antibodies raised in rabbit against a 12 residue synthetic peptide (C)ANQRATKMLGSG based on mouse SNAP-25 residues 195–206 were purchased from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, cat #567343). The secondary Cy-5 anti-rabbit antibody (cat# 111-175-1444) was purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories (West Grove, PA). PA1-740 neutralizing peptide was purchased from Affinity BioReagents (Golden, CO, cat# PEP-032)
Sections from mouse circumvallate papillae were incubated with the primary antibody overnight at 4°C. The primary antibody was diluted (1:1000 for anti-TRPM5; 1:500 for anti-T1R3; 1:200 for anti-SNAP-25) in blocking solution. Sections were then washed three times for ten minutes each in PBS at room temperature then incubated with the secondary antibody (1:400) at room temp for two hours. Following incubation with the secondary antibody, sections were washed three times for ten minutes in PBS and mounted on RITE-ON micro slides (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Portsmouth, NH) using Flouromount-G (Southern Biotechnology Associates, Birmingham, AL, cat# 0100-01) and cover slipped (VWR Scientific, Media, PA). Slides were stored at 4°C.
Controls for light microscopy consisted of omitting the primary antiserum and secondary antibody separately. No immunoreactivity was seen under these conditions. We also performed a peptide block for the primary anti-SNAP-25 in which we incubated PA1-740 neutralizing peptide (Affinity Bioreagents, Golden, CO) at equal weight of peptide per volume antibody overnight at 4 degrees C. We found no immunoreactivity following peptide block.
Confocal microscopy
Images were captured with an Olympus FVX-IHRT Fluoview Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. Lasers included Argon 488 nm, HeNe 543 nm, and HeNe 622. Fluoview software was used for data acquisition. Sequential scanning techniques were used and showed no differences from simultaneous scans. Images were processed and printed using Adobe Photoshop CS2 software.
We thank Dr. Tom Finger and Dr. Leslie Stone for comments on the manuscript. This study was supported by NIH grants DC00766 and DC006021 to SCK and DC003055 and DC003155 to RFM.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Seems like forever since I wrote on my blog. Probably because it has been. This post is to let anyone out there know that I am going to create an new blog to share what I'm up to now. Please join me on my new blog called: I wll have decorating tips, the latest colors and trends for your home, and the opportunity to see the fabulous products WILLOW HOUSE has to offer.
I hope you will join me on the blog, my Willow House facebook page and even on Twitter.


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The official blog of Freehold Theatre Lab/Studio, established in the fall of 1991 as a center for the practice of theatre.
Tuesday, May 15, 2012
Extraordinary Acting Classes in Seattle this Summer at Freehold Theatre Lab/Studio
Outstanding acting and playwriting classes are now open for registration at Freehold Theatre in Seattle. Freehold Theatre is a Seattle acting studio and theatre that for 20 years has been providing extraordinary theatre and fantastic classes. We are privileged to have highly acclaimed artists as faculty including John Jacobsen, Amy Thone, George Lewis, Darragh Kennan, Elizabeth Heffron and many more.
We offer beginning acting classes as well as classes for the advanced acting student. There is truly something for everyone at Freehold. While many of our classes do not begin until July 2012, be sure and sign up before May 29th and get a 5% early bird discount and secure your spot in a class as our classes fill quickly.
Here is the complete list of our great Summer 2012 offerings ...
Step I: Intro to Acting with Meg McLynn
Step I: Intro to Acting with Stefan Enriquez
Step II: Acting with Text with Meg McLynn
Step III: Basic Scene Study with Dan Tierney
Rehearsal and Performance with Darragh Kennan
Personal Clown with George Lewis
Movement Intensive with George Lewis
Shakespeare Intensive with Amy Thone
Acting for the Camera with John Jacobsen
New Play Lab with Elizabeth Heffron
Public Speaking with Gin Hammond
Registration is available online at:
or by calling us at (206) 323-7499
If you are looking for outstanding training in a supportive atmosphere, Freehold is the place.
Freehold Theatre
2222 2nd Avenue, Suite 200
Seattle, WA 98121
(206) 323-7499
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Day One
07:00 Alarm goes off.
08:00 Leave home to arrive on time for IBD Monday market meeting at 8.30am, where I'm given a report on the sovereign debt crisis and the impact on the economy, and an update from the acquisition and leveraged finance team.
09:00 Back at desk. Prepare to send out weekly update to a client as part of ongoing client relationship, which includes sector update, share price movements and equity research.
10:00 Internal meeting to go through the draft book for tomorrow's client meeting. A book is what we call a memorandum about a deal we're working on, which normally includes an executive summary, an industry overview, information for potential investors and a financial model.
11:00 Make changes to the book following comments on the draft.
13:00 Redistribute book to team and await final comments.
14:00 Lunch.
15:00 Receive emails from other members of team with final thoughts on book.
16:00 Begin to put the final changes through.
17:00 Call on information services and a relevant sector team here at Nomura to dig out some additional information to fill in some industry-specific holes in the book.
18:00 Awaiting replies from colleagues. On his way out, my managing director invites me to a client meeting.
19:00 Chase up colleagues for comments on book for tomorrow's client meeting.
20:00 Implement final changes, print out book and check carefully for any typos.
21:00 Associate checks the book through, then gives the all clear for printing. Send book to print! Order dinner and eat.
22:00 While waiting for the copies to print, take the time to do some background reading on the client who will be attending the meeting tomorrow, and ensure I'm prepared with relevant materials.
23:00 Copies printed. Check though each one to make sure it is printed correctly. Book car and go home.
Day Two
07:00 Alarm goes off.
08:00 Head to client meeting at a leisure facility, as the client is a leisure company.
09:00 Arrive at location early enough to get some breakfast.
10:00 After introductions and coffee, the meeting begins. They talk us through their strategy, growth, and opportunities in the future. There were four of us there - two managing directors, one vice president and me.
11:00 Furiously making notes.
12:00 Meeting winds up and team heads back to the office.
13:00 Write up key figures from meeting for discussion at 13:30 to decide next steps.
14:00 Once back at desk, realise an important press announcement from a key client has been released. Send it though to relationship bankers, who work most directly with the client, for information and include a note on share price reaction.
15:00 Late lunch.
16:00 Write up detailed meeting notes from this morning's meeting.
17:00 Use the down time to do some administration and housekeeping, which is mainly sorting out my expenses receipts and checking emails that I haven't had time to reply to during the day.
18:00 Send an end of day report to the client who made the announcement with closing share prices following market reactions, and broker comments on the situation.
19:00 Staffed on new project for a private equity firm who want to sell a healthcare company. Will be briefed in detail tomorrow morning. Do some high level research on the companies involved in preparation for the briefing.
20:00 Head home.
- Bull market: A market in which demand and prices are increasing, either in general, or in a particular sector. The opposite is a bear market, where they are moving downwards.
- Capital markets: The markets where businesses or governments can raise funds through debt finance (issuing bonds) or equity finance (issuing shares).
- Investment grade: Products or entities rated as investment grade are those with credit ratings of BBB or above, that is, they are deemed by credit rating agencies to be safe for banks to invest in.
- Leverage: Any technique used to magnify gains. In a specifically financial context, it often means borrowing money to multiply the profits which can be made on an investment, such as on an LBO, or leveraged buy-out. In broader business discourse, it is used to mean exploiting existing strengths to create new opportunities, for example, cross-selling.


text: With Deck Master, you can build a space that perfectly matches your tastes with access to all of the benefits of the outdoors. Experience the best that the outdoors has to offer while still being protected from the elements. Enjoy hosting events in the atmosphere of the outdoors without having to worry about the harsh sun or rain ruining your fun.


text: Hellooo - some updates pour vous. My wedding dress is on lay-by. That's pretty much the only thing I can tick off the list. And lots and lots of shop updates. Gorgeous new garlands with dots, diamonds and triangles - brand new art - nursery garlands - adorable smaller, pretty pastel dot garlands.


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Introducing the Wealth & Poverty beat
Share Now on:
If wealth is the surplus security or "cushion" that comes from having more money than we need to cover the necessities of life, and poverty is the absence of that cushion… what exactly does it mean to be middle class in America? The gap between the wealthy and the poor in this country is a growing chasm that's been swallowing the middle class whole.
With this in mind, Marketplace has launched a "Wealth & Poverty" desk that will report on this paradigm shift that's seeing American society reshaped before our very eyes. Tess sits down with lead Wealth & Poverty reporter Mitchell Hartman to discuss stories he's tracking. Click on the audio player above to listen to the interview.


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Secular Hall
Over a 130 years ago Secular Hall was built as the home of Leicester Secular Society and has always played host to numerous organisations seeking a comfortable but economical place to meet. Our online calendar lists forthcoming lectures and meetings at the Hall and other selected events of interest. We are determined for Secular Hall to remain a venue of choice, but major regeneration work is needed.
As a previous President, Allan Hayes has said:
Secular Hall is one of the most significant Victorian buildings in the city. It deserves conservation as part of our architectural heritage and for the contribution that it can make to the regeneration of Humberstone Gate. This has been recognised by English Heritage, the Heritage Lottery Fund and the City Council.
Many know it because of having attended the Leicester Karate Club,
the dance classes of the ABC Ballroom
and the activities of other organisations that have used the Hall, such as the
There is a shop on the ground floor of the building that was originally a secular book shop, then became the booking hall for coach trips and then reverted to a book shop. It is now occupied by a pick and mix sweet shop "Sweety Shakes"
As the home of Leicester Secular Society, the oldest secular society in the world, the Hall rises to national heritage significance: a place where the battle for human rights and equality has been fought, where William Morris, Charles Bradlaugh, Annie Besant, George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell and Tony Benn and many other campaigners have spoken.
Secular Hall is at 75 Humberstone Gate Leicester LE1 1WB
Documents and Plans
- Ned Newitt prepared a document reviewing the condition of the Hall(pdf 4.6Mb) for an HLF bid
- RH Partnerships Options Assessment (pdf 2.5Mb) including outline plans presented by Helen Axworthy to a meeting of LSS members, 31 January 2010.
Your Views
We welcome contributions to the discussion of the future of the Secular Hall and the Society. You can send your views to the Development Group (contact details above), or bring them to any Leicester Secular Society meeting.
Alternatively, if you would like them to appear in our journal, the Leicester Secularist, send them for consideration to newsed @ leicestersecularsociety . org . uk (close spaces).
If you are a member of Leicester Secular Society (join here) with an email address, you can also follow, contribute to, or initiate discussions in our members' forum (a Google Group for LSS members only). Email treasurer @ leicestersecularsociety . org . uk (close spaces) to join the forum.
More about the HallArticle from the Leicester Mercury on the completion of the Hall in 1881.
Article in Humanist Heritage.
Five busts by Ambrose Louis Vago decorate the façade
More about the busts.
Two old prints and a recent photo
Josiah Gimson, the main benefactor, chose a young innovative architect, W Larner Sugden to design the Hall, which opened in 1881, 30 years after the foundation of the Society.
Other Resources
- Inside Secular Hall: Robert Ashby, Chair of the British Humanist Association took these photographs.
- The hidden tiles in the Main Hall.
- Photos by our former webmaster George Jelliss.
- The Gimson Family (Josiah was the Hall's main benefactor) from Leicester City Council.
- More on the History of Leicester Secular Society and Secular Hall.
Page updated 14/1/2017 JRC


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Friend's Email:
Subject: I have found a DVD that I think you would enjoy
|Beverly Hills Cop
Special Collector's Edition
Actors: Eddie Murphy, Judge Reinhold, John Ashton, Lisa Eilbacher, Ronny Cox
Director: Martin Brest
Genres: Action & Adventure, Comedy, Drama, Mystery & Suspense
R 2002 1hr 45min
While its sequels were formulaic and safe, the first Beverly Hills Cop set out to explore some uncharted territory, and succeeded. A blend of violent action picture and sharp comedy, the film has an excellent director, Mar... more »
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Member Movie Reviews
Diana L. (ptomom) from SULTAN, WA
Reviewed on 8/14/2013...
There are still some great lines "banana in the tailpipe", "things might start falling off the man", etc. but I've found Axel Foley is more grating on repeated viewings. Still worth watching at least once for the zippy score and the irreverent characters. Rosewood is still great, however.
1 of 1 member(s) found this review helpful.
Michelle Y. from PINK HILL, NC
Reviewed on 9/16/2010...
One of our favorite movies
1 of 3 member(s) found this review helpful.


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Harrogate's busy roads are a top priority for North Yorkshire County Council's highways team, the executive member for highways has said.
However without devolution the millions of pounds the highways teams spend in the district is merely 'tinkering around the edges' Coun Don Mackenzie (Con, Saltergate) has said.
North Yorkshire County Council (NYCC) has spent £10million repairing over 320,000 pot holes across the county in the last year after the local authority was awarded an additional £5.176m from the Government's £200m pothole challenge fund in the 2014/15 budget.
The Harrogate district is within the area sixty North Yorkshire County Council, and a quarter of all of North Yorkshire's population lives in the area.
Coun Mackenzie said: "There is only so much we can do with what we have got. Clearly North Yorkshire County Council would benefit from devolution plans and would be able to carry out a great deal of investment.
"At the moment we are just tinkering around the edges, the council only has so much, there is a lot we would want to do, major investments, possible a relief road but we need to control the budget."
Area six Highways manager James Malcolm said: "There has been a lot of investment in the Harrogate area, including filling pot holes. We have been so successful that some times people are saying there are too many roadworks. It is great that we investing but people need to understand that all road works aren't down to us, a lot of the time it is the utilities companies.
"We do evening work, it does cost more, we have to pay for that service but we're trying to minimise disruption as much as possible."
Each year area six has a £1million revenue budget for upkeep work such as pot hole filing, and around £1.2million for capital projects.
This budget doesn't go far and without additional government grants and the council giving extra funding very little work would get done.
Road improvement work on Hookstone Road is costing £600,000 so without additional funding streams that would be half of the annual budget gone.
Over winter the area six team have 13 priority routes to cover from two depots, one at Boroughbridge and the other at Penny Pot Lane.
Extra funding was also spent in North Yorkshire to improve the road network ahead of the Tour de France.
Coun Mackenzie added: "NYCC has a difficult job and they have to do, they have to go out and view all the problems reported to them and decide what to do.
The past twelve months has seen the council criticised for changes to the Leeds Road junction, changes to the Station Parade, Cheltenham Parade junction, and for the Borough Council being unable to refuse planning permissions.
Coun Mackenzie added: "It is not easy, the county council has to be fair and view the traffic model, the difficulties we are having at the moment is because the county council says yes a plan can go ahead with a few changes but local members say no, the traffic is already bad enough.
"I think the planning committee some times fail to understand that the application has to be viewed on its own."
Mr Malcolm added: "Not all of the roadworks are down to North Yorkshire County Council. Recently we've had the Bog Lane traffic lights which were down to the developer. The next major development we will see in Harrogate is the Dunlopillo site which means a roundabout on the A61. They have got to do these works to accommodate all the houses."
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Martinez Western Wear was founded in 1999, and is located at 2824 E 2nd St in Newberg.
Martinez Western Wear is located at 2824 E 2nd St, Newberg, OR. This business specializes in Clothing and Clothing & Apparel.