text:
Drug Rehab:
Statistics have shown that their are approximately 53 marijuana users, 23 people abusing prescription drugs, and 8 cocaine addicts that live in Stoneboro, Pennsylvania.
There will also be close to 6 people arrested for drug charges and around 5 DUIs in Stoneboro this year.
If you decide that you will require aid with a problem with substance abuse you have made the first and most difficult step toward sobriety, but the next step of seeking that help can be a daunting task if you don't know where to look. This page provides a list of public, private, non-profit, gay, and Christian drug rehabilitation programs and intervention specialists near Stoneboro, Pennsylvania.
Stoneboro is located in Mercer County and contains the following zip codes:
Stoneboro, Pennsylvania Drug and Alcohol Treatment
Sitemap - Privacy & Terms - Contact Us - Drug Rehab
Copyright © 2007, Sober Pursuit, All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


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|"There are plenty of eye-witness accounts. Just because you're so narrow-minded you need to have everything shoved under your nose before you–"
This article contains a list of appearances, but currently has few or no notes and references. Please help the Harry Potter Wiki by adding notes and/or references to bring this article to a higher standard of quality.
|"Are you a wizard or not?"
The title of this article is conjectural. Although it is based on canonical information, the actual name is a conjecture and may be supplanted at any time by additional information released from canonical sources. If this occurs, please move this page to the appropriate title.
- "...the flashing lights and the bangs set her off, she couldn't stand it... and I think she wanted to help, but she didn't really know what she was doing, and I don't know which of us did it, it could have been any of us — and she was dead."
- —Aberforth Dumbledore recalling Ariana's death[src]
The Duel at Godric's Hollow was a three-way duel that took place in 1899 between brothers Albus and Aberforth Dumbledore and the future Dark wizard Gellert Grindelwald. It resulted in the death of the Dumbledores' fourteen-year-old sister, Ariana. After Ariana's death, Grindelwald fled Britain.
Background information
Gellert Grindelwald, who was a talented student in Durmstrang, had been expelled for his very dangerous experiments about Dark Arts. He decided to stay with his great-aunt Bathilda Bagshot. Bathilda knew Albus Dumbledore was a talented boy, too so she met Grindelwald with Albus Dumbledore. They liked each other, they were intelligent, talented, and they wanted to rule Muggles with their magic. They decided to search for the Deathly Hallows, which could make them invincible. While Albus was getting ready, his brother Aberforth said that he can't leave his little sister Ariana.
The duel
When Aberforth confronted his brother Gellert lost control, displaying the 'darker side' of his nature that Albus had always attempted to ignore or deny. He attacked Aberforth, using the Cruciatus Curse on him. This resulted in Albus stepped in, attempting to defend his younger brother and stop the two fighting. This intervention subsequently turned into a three-way duel between Albus, Aberforth and Gellert.
As the struggle progressed, it grew ever more fierce, and what is likely to have begun as an attempt of disarming or neutralisation quickly changed into an all out battle. While they failed to hit each other, Ariana Dumbledore, who had witnessed the duel, was killed by a stray curse. Although Grindelwald fled, fearing retribution, none of the three participants actually knew who had cast the fatal curse.
Grindelwald ran away from Godric's Hollow, fled Britain and started the search for the Deathly Hallows alone. Albus and Aberforth had guilty conscience for their sister's death, especially Albus. Aberforth charged this death to his brother. They had a funeral for her. During the funeral, Aberforth broke Albus's nose. For ninety-eight years afterward, the results of this duel haunted Albus. He never knew who had in fact uttered the curse that had killed his sister. This had produced fear in Dumbledore, causing him to take forty-six years to finally stop Grindelwald, though this was also a result of their blood pact.
Decades later, in limbo, Dumbledore explained to Harry Potter what had led up to the duel, and Harry, out of sensitivity, did not ask if he had ever learned the direct cause of Ariana's death.
Behind the scenes
- Curiously, Dumbledore and Grindelwald's blood pact must have been made after the three-way duel, since otherwise it would have been broken during said duel, but this is queer since Albus and Grindelwald fell out because of this duel and would not have trusted one another sufficiently. However, it is possible that losing Ariana was the punishment for violating the pact, as the cause of her death is never revealed.
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (Mentioned only)


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RIBA Publishing
128 pages
Aimed at students of architecture, this primer defines the critical subject area of professional studies which runs as a thread through the new RIBA validation criteria for Parts 1 and 2. Suitable across the whole 5-year Masters Architecture degree course, it gives students the conceptual resources and tools they need to investigate professional issues. Using short case studies that relate to the RIBA Plan of Work, it bridges the gap between the needs of the student and the overly technical information sources used by practicing professionals.
Written by Stephen Brookhouse, author of the highly successful Part 3 Handbook, the book places professional issues in the context of the language and activities of the design studio.


text:
Motor protection with cam switch and run capacitor. Electronic device with thermoplastic case and IP55 protection degree. It solves the problem of single phase submersible electric pumps that require, in addition to thermal protection, the scecific starting capacitor and the cam switch.
- Bipolar cam switch;
- Protection with thermal relay for motor overload;
- External button for thermal relay reset;
- Run capacitor;


text:
Catholic Dictionary
Miracle worker. A title given to certain saints outstanding for having performed miracles during their own lifetime or since their death. Among others are St. Gregory (213-70), Sts. Cosmas and Damian (third century), St. Nicholas (fourth century), and St. Anthony of Padua (1195-1231). (Etym. Latin thaumaturgus; from Greek thaumatourgos: thauma, wonder + -ergos, "working," from ergon, work.)


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It's sad to see this group stagnant,the way I saw it when I first joined this website.I'm not sure who is the administrator of this group and if it was Ajita Kamal in that case since he's dead,we should find some way to administrate this page again and if that is not possible I think we should create a new group.
Views: 71
© 2019 Atheist Nexus. All rights reserved. Admin: The Nexus Group. Powered by


text:
Online real estate platform, Housing.com, has raised Rs 100 crore from its existing investor Japan's Softbank. The funds will be used in its new strategy and growth plans.
Founded by Amrit Raj, Ravish Naresh, Vaibhav Tolia, Advitiya Sharma and Rahul Yadav in June 2012, the company helps its customers to find, rent, and sell homes in India using different filters like price, location, size etc.
In a statement, CEO of the company Jason Kothari stated that Softbank is one of the world's largest and most successful investors. Their continued support as both investors and advisors to Housing.com is invaluable and signifies their long-term commitment to the company. They are now well-capitalised to aggressively execute on their focused strategy and growth plans and believe 2016 will be a great year for the company.
The company is planning to just concentrate on buying and renting homes, which seems to be one of the most lucrative market. Housing claims to have 85 million visits in 2015, with 1.7 million verified listings.
The company has also acquired one of the most visited online real estate forums 'India Real Estate', customer relationship management for developers 'HomeBuy360' and data analytics company 'Realty Business Intelligence'.
Housing has been active from quite a long time, they have been revamping their top staff and has established partnerships with Maharashtra Chamber of Housing Industry (MCHI) and Confederation of Real Estate Developers Associations of India (CREDAI), organising the first of its kind 'Real Estate Expo'. The company also released branding solutions 'BRAND FALCON' for premier developers and is claiming to be working with 40,000 developers and agents.
Housing.com faces direct competition from Infoedge's 99 acres, commonfloor, MagicBricks, and PropTigers. The Indian real estate market is expected to cross $180 billion by 2020, interestingly, just the housing sector in the nation contributes 5-6 percent to its GDP.


text:
Tuesday, October 28, 2014
God Created Kindergarten, and it was Good.
7 comments:
Praise God, great parents and professionals, and everyone else who helped prepare Alec for K-garden! WHEW! I personally think it was the YELLOW shirt that did it!!!! Love, Gammie
- October 29, 2014 at 5:45 AM
Awesome, Alec! You keep on surpassing expectations and demolishing fears! Love, LW
- October 29, 2014 at 1:52 PM
- Winterhoff Family said...
HOORAY! One of my favorite kindergarten stories about him so far is the lovingly, carefully coordinated/planned outfits... and the fact that he wears his fleece every day over them! You HAVE to include that in Volume 2: Kindergarten Update! :)
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- June 13, 2016 at 10:00 PM


text:
• How much money has your team spent in the past five years on youth development? How much in the past year?
Specific numbers are undisclosed.
• How many homegrown players have you signed? How many have played in MLS league games for your first team?
We have signed three homegrown players and we are proud to say that all three have played for the first team.
• Who pays to play on your youth teams? And how much do they pay?
They are players not considered full-time development academy players. All expenses related to competition and training
• How many season-ticket holders do you have? How many did you have in 2015?
We finished at nearly 6,000 and we expect to surpass this in 2016.
• Where does your first team train?
On site at Dick's Sporting Good Park. It was built as a training field for the first team only.
• Do you have a model for integrating your academy with the first team? How closely do your academy teams resemble the way the first team trains and plays?
Game principles are consistent across levels but the game model is age-group dependent.
• What's your philosophy on the use of technology in your training and preparation for matches?
We feel it is vital to achieving our short and long term goals.
• Who is your jersey sponsor? What's your total income on sponsorships this season?
Transamerica, we don't comment on specific revenues or sponsorship values.
• Local TV deal: How many of your games this season are shown on local television? How much is your local TV deal worth per season?
32 are currently scheduled on Altitude. The value is undisclosed.
• Local radio deal: How many of your games this season are broadcast on local radio? In English? In other languages?
All games will be broadcast locally in English and Spanish.
• How many front-office employees does your team have? How many have you added or subtracted in the past year?
Around 60. We are continuing to expand in a controlled way,
• Have you hired any additional technical staff over the past year to reduce doubling-up roles? Are you planning on expanding your technical staff in the near future?
Yes, we continue to add staff in order to maximize efficiency.


text: The suit makes the man or woman. So why buy off the rack? Armen will construct a suit that's perfectly tailored to your body. Armen is not just an everyday tailor who will measure you properly. He also makes the fine-tuning adjustments that you just can't find at a retailer. And he offers the finest suits, with the finest fabrics, for both men and women.


text:
2010 News Archives
Center for Politics Announces Release of "Pendulum Swing"
Sabato and National Team of Experts Examine Titanic Shift in American Politics
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – Today the University of Virginia Center for Politics released its latest book, Pendulum Swing, drawing on the collective wisdom of nearly two dozen of the nation's top political analysts, journalists, and academics for comprehensive analysis of the 2010 midterm elections and the subsequent policy implications. As President Barack Obama makes his first address to the 112th Congress, this timely publication by Center for Politics Director Larry Sabato and a national team of contributing experts delves into the overlooked details of the 2010 elections. Looking back at the titanic political shift in Washington, DC and around the nation, the authors explore how that shift could affect the 2012 presidential election. The book is the newest in an ongoing annual election series developed by the Center for Politics and published by Pearson/Longman publishers (www.pearsonhighered.com).
"The 2010 midterm election was one of the most significant in modern American history. The voters spoke emphatically and what they said will have great consequences for years to come. This is an election that deserves extensive treatment, and that is what we have tried to deliver in Pendulum Swing," Sabato said.
Separating political myth from reality, Pendulum Swing tackles topics such as the Tea Party, campaign finance, health care, the economy, the role of the media, each party's political strategies, and how those factors contributed to the Republican wave last November.
Contributing authors include:
Dr. Alan Abramowitz, Alben W. Barkley Professor of Political Science at Emory University and senior columnist for Larry Sabato's "Crystal Ball"
Rhodes Cook, Editor of the Rhodes Cook Letter and senior columnist for Larry Sabato's "Crystal Ball"
Dr. Thad Beyle, Thomas J. Pearsall Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina
Isaac Wood, Director of Communications at U.Va.'s Center for Politics and Editor of the "Crystal Ball"
Dr. Michael Cornfield, The Michael Cornfield Company; Adjunct Professor of Political Management, The George Washington and George Mason University
Michael Toner, Former Chairman of the FEC; currently Head of the Election Law and Government Ethics Practice at Bryan Cave LLP
Dr. Diana Owen, Associate Professor of Communication, Culture, and Technology at Georgetown University
Dr. Jack Pitney, Crocker Professor of Politics at Claremont McKenna College
Dr. Seth Masket, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Denver
Dr. Sam Hoff, George Washington Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Delaware State University
Dr. Susan MacManus, Distinguished Professor of Government and Int'l Affairs at the University of South Florida
Dr. Paul Green, Arthur Rubloff Professor of Policy Studies at Roosevelt University
Brian Howey, Editor of Howey Politics Indiana
Dr. Caroline Tolbert, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Iowa
with assistance from: Amanda Keller, graduate student at Univ. of Iowa
Dr. Laurie Rhodebeck, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Louisville
Dr. Paul Herrnson, Director of the Center for American Politics and Citizenship; and Distinguished Scholar-Teacher at the University of Maryland College Park
Dr. Thomas Schaller, Professor of Political Science at the University of Maryland Baltimore County
Dr. Agnes Bain, Professor of Government at Suffolk University
Dr. Michael Traugott, Professor of Communication Studies; and Research Professor at the Center for Political Studies at the University of Michigan
Jo Mannies, Senior political reporter at the St. Louis Beacon
Jon Ralston, Political columnist at the Las Vegas Sun and host of the TV program "Face to Face with Jon Ralston"
Dr. Dante Scala, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of New Hampshire
Dr. Jeffrey Stonecash, Maxwell Professor of Political Science at Syracuse University
Jonathan Riskind, Washington Bureau Chief of the Columbus Dispatch
Joe Hallett, Senior Editor of the Columbus Dispatch
Dr. G. Terry Madonna, Director of the Center for Politics and Public Affairs; and Professor of Public Affairs at Franklin and Marshall College
Steve Peoples, Former political reporter for the Providence Journal; now National Political Reporter for Roll Call
John O'Connor, Political columnist at The State newspaper
Jay Root, Political reporter at the Associated Press
Center for Politics Announces Plans for "Kennedy Half-Century"
– New Book by Larry Sabato, National PBS Documentary –
– Eyewitness Interviews Begin in Dallas This Week –
– Golden Anniversary Series Commemorates 50th Anniversary of Landmark Political Events Beginning with Great Debates of 1960 –
CHARLOTTESVILLE – On the eve of 50th anniversary of the election of President John F. Kennedy, the University Center for Politics announced details for a major new book on JFK by Center Director Larry J. Sabato and the production of a national television documentary focused on the legacies of President Kennedy and his administration. Also, later this week Sabato will tape a special for NBC's "Meet the Press" commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Great Debates of 1960; and then travel to the Sixth Floor Museum in Dallas, Texas, where he will begin a series of interviews with eyewitnesses to the Kennedy assassination. Today's announcement is part of the Center's Golden Anniversary Series, a comprehensive series of events, productions and publications illuminating the landmark political events of the 1960s.
Sabato's new book, THE KENNEDY HALF-CENTURY: The Lasting Legacy of John F. Kennedy, will be published in 2013 by Walker & Company, a division of Bloomsbury Publishing. Based on interviews with major political and media figures and ordinary citizens alike, along with new archival finds, the book will tell the compelling story of how John F. Kennedy's life and administration, as well as his tragic death on November 22, 1963, have influenced the general public, the media, and every president who has followed him. Working in partnership with the Sixth Floor Museum in Dallas, Texas, Sabato is scheduled to begin a series of in-depth interviews this week with many of the key players and eyewitnesses who were in Dealey Plaza and personally witnessed the Kennedy assassination.
Among the completely original features of this book will be the most extensive study ever conducted of the public's view of an historical figure. The accomplished pollsters Peter D. Hart and Geoff Garin will supervise large-sample public opinion polls of Americans—those alive on November 22, 1963 and those who have come of age since. The polls will be supplemented by focus group interviews of Americans conducted at various locales across the country.
Updated news on the book project and discussions of Kennedy's legacy are available on Facebook by visiting http://www.facebook.com/jfkbook.
The Center for Politics is again working with longtime partner PBS to develop a major television special marking the 50th anniversary of the Kennedy assassination. The documentary will be available to television stations throughout the country. Last year's production, Locked Out: The Fall of Massive Resistance, marking the 50th anniversary of the end of Massive Resistance, received a 2010 Emmy Award nomination for Best Documentary.
"The political events of the 1960s changed American society in both positive and negative ways. Beginning with the first televised presidential debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon in 1960 all the way through Woodstock and the Moon Landing of 1969, the 1960s were among the most politically transformative years in American history," said Larry J. Sabato, Director of the Center for Politics.
Center for Politics' Golden Anniversary Series
Sabato's new book on Kennedy is the vanguard of the Center for Politics' new Golden Anniversary Series, which commemorates the landmark political events of the 1960s with programs, symposia, television documentaries, public lectures, travel opportunities and teaching resources offered by the Center for Politics to a nationwide audience. In addition to public events and lectures, the Center for Politics will create new lesson plans and other teaching resources for distribution through its national and international network of teachers who participate in the Center for Politics' Youth Leadership Initiative.
Fall 2010 Events
September 2010
The Great Debates: A New Era in Political Communication
On Friday, September 24, 2010, the Center for Politics and NBC's "Meet the Press" will examine the "Great Debates of 1960" and how these seminal television debates between John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon continue to resonate. Former presidential aides, journalists, historians and media analysts will discuss how the debates forever changed elections and political discourse, as well as how technological advancements continue to shape politics today. The broadcast will be available for viewing online beginning September 26 at http://www.mtp.msnbc.com.
Next week, September 30, 2010, the Center for Politics will host a special analysis of the first Kennedy-Nixon debate at the University of Virginia.
November 2010
Remembering the Freedom Rides
As a featured event at the 2010 Virginia Film Festival, the Center for Politics will host a screening of Stanley Nelson's "Freedom Riders," followed by what promises to be a memorable and enlightening panel discussion with distinguished panelists who were part of this pivotal Civil Rights movement fifty years ago. The Freedom Rides pushed Civil Rights to the forefront of the Kennedy administration's agenda early on. The screening will take place in Charlottesville, Virginia during the Film Festival. Details will be released later this fall.
The Golden Anniversary series officially launched in April 2010 featuring a performance by legendary musician Peter Yarrow of the folk trio Peter, Paul and Mary. The Golden Anniversary Series will reflect sequentially on 50th anniversaries of key political and social events, examining the legacies of these events for each year of the 1960s. Topics will include landmark civil rights marches and speeches, the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign in 1964, the Vietnam War, the start of Ronald Reagan's political career and the election of Richard Nixon, with many more covered along the way. Other organizations partnering with the Center for Politics for events of the Golden Anniversary Series include: The Richard Nixon Foundation; John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; Harvard University's Institute of Politics; PBS Community Ideas Stations; University of Virginia Art Museum; Virginia Film Festival, and others to be announced. For more information on the Center for Politics' Golden Anniversary Series visit http://www.centerforpolitics.org/golden.html.
Founded in 1998 by political analyst and Professor Larry J. Sabato, the University of Virginia Center for Politics is a nonpartisan institute that seeks to promote the value of politics, improve civics education, and increase civic participation through comprehensive research, pragmatic analysis, and innovative educational programs.
Larry Sabato is the author of A MORE PERFECT CONSTITUTION: Why the Constitution Must Be Revised: Ideas to Inspire a New Generation, which the Philadelphia Inquirer called "a fascinating and thought-provoking analysis." Sabato has also authored or edited more than a dozen other books on American politics, including the well known FEEDING FRENZY, about press coverage of politicians; THE RISE OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS; and THE YEAR OF OBAMA. Sabato runs the acclaimed Crystal Ball website, which had the most accurate record of election prediction in the nation in both 2006 and 2008.
UVA Center for Politics Teams with "Meet the Press" to Mark 50th Anniversary of Great Debates
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – Fifty years ago television changed the landscape of political campaigns and elections. The Great Debates of 1960 between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon were the first of their kind, and their effects continue to resonate today.
The U.Va. Center for Politics and NBC's "Meet the Press" will present a special program on the 50th anniversary of the 1960 debates. "The Great Debates: A New Era in Political Communication" will take place in NBC's historic Studio A in Washington, DC – the location of the second debate on October 7, 1960 between Kennedy and Nixon – on September 24, 2010 and will be available for viewing online beginning September 26 at http://www.mtp.msnbc.com.
Moderated by "Meet the Press" host David Gregory, the panel will include Ted Sorensen, counsel and speechwriter to JFK; Sander Vanocur, one of the original media panelists from the first debate; David Gergen, speechwriter during the Nixon administration; and Dr. Larry Sabato, director of the Center for Politics. This expert panel will discuss what happened behind the scenes, political image-making, effects of the debates and how technology continues to shape politics today.
This program was made possible through collaboration with the Nixon Foundation and the JFK Library and is part of an ongoing effort by the U.Va. Center for Politics and its partners to mark the 50th anniversary of many of the landmark political and social events of the 1960s. For more information on the Center for Politics' Golden Anniversary Series visit http://www.centerforpolitics.org/golden.html.
UVA Center for Politics and the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy Present Constitution Day
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – On Thursday, September 16th the U.Va. Center for Politics and Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy will present a Constitution Day event. Batten School Dean Harry Harding will lead a panel discussion about contemporary issues relating to the Bill of Rights with a specific focus on the First Amendment and the delicate balancing act needed to manage both the free exercise and establishment clauses.
The panel will take place at the U.Va. Small Special Collections Library in the Harrison Auditorium at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday, September 16. The event is free, open to the public, and members of the media are welcome. An audience question and answer session will follow the discussion. Panelists will include:
- Kim Colby, Senior Counsel at the Christian Legal Society
- Douglas Laycock, Armistead M. Dobie Professor of Law and Horace W. Goldsmith Research Professor of Law at the University of Virginia
- William Rhatican, Master Teacher at the Constitutional Academy and former aide to President Nixon
- Josh Wheeler, Associate Director, Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression
"Our Constitution and the Bill of Rights are brilliant founding documents for our country, but they can give rise to lively controversy and debate," Harding said. "Recent controversies over holiday displays on government property, the construction of an Islamic cultural center near Ground Zero in New York, and the denial of government funding and official recognition to religious groups at a state university are but the most recent examples of these constitutional controversies."
Larry J. Sabato, Director of the Center for Politics, said, "An annual reexamination of the Constitution is undoubtedly worthwhile, especially with the assistance and insight of such able scholars."
UVA Center for Politics to Host Civic Education Workshop in Charleston with Support from the Comcast Foundation
CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – The University of Virginia Center for Politics' Youth Leadership Initiative is hosting a statewide civic education workshop for West Virginia teachers in Charleston, WV on Thursday, August 12. The event is being held with the support of a $90,000 grant awarded by the Comcast Foundation to the University of Virginia Center for Politics.
Thursday's events will take place at the Holiday Inn Charleston House from 9 AM to 3 PM with a keynote speech by Governor Joe Manchin III at 9:30 AM and a check presentation ceremony at 10:45 AM. Other speakers will include Secretary of State Natalie Tennant, retired NFL player Brad Butler, and Center for Politics Director Larry J. Sabato.
"We are grateful to Comcast for its generous contribution," said Sabato, "The Comcast Foundation grant will help us to educate even more young people about the importance of civic engagement and becoming active in the political process."
The entire day's events are open to the media. For a complete schedule of the day's speeches and presentations please contact Isaac Wood at email@example.com.
The Youth Leadership Initiative (YLI) develops free K-12 civic education resources designed to encourage student interest and participation in the American political process. The grant from the Comcast Foundation will allow YLI to host teacher workshops over the next three years across West Virginia. The first programs were held from July 13 to July 16 earlier this summer in Beckley, Huntington, Wheeling, and Martinsburg.
UVA Center for Politics Receives Comcast Foundation Grant for Civic Education
Center for Politics' Youth Leadership Initiative to host civic education workshops for West Virginia teachers this summer
07/12/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – The Comcast Foundation has awarded a $90,000 grant to the University of Virginia Center for Politics to support its Youth Leadership Initiative. The Youth Leadership Initiative (YLI) develops free K-12 civic education resources designed to encourage student interest and participation in the American political process. The grant from the Comcast Foundation will allow YLI to host teacher workshops over the next three years across West Virginia. The first programs will be held from Tuesday, July 13 to Friday, July 16 in Beckley, Huntington, Wheeling, and Martinsburg. In August, YLI will host a statewide conference in Charleston featuring Gov. Joe Manchin III and others.
"We are grateful to Comcast for its generous contribution," said Larry J. Sabato, Director of the Center for Politics, "The Comcast Foundation grant will help us to educate even more young people about the importance of civic engagement and becoming active in the political process."
All four regional workshop conferences will take place at the local Regional Education Service Agencies (RESA) from 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM and are open to the press:
Tuesday, July 13: Beckley, WV at RESA I (400 Neville Street)
Wednesday, July 14: Huntington, WV at RESA II (2001 McCoy Road)
View W.V. Public Broadcasting news article.
Thursday, July 15: Wheeling, WV at RESA VI (30 GC&P Road)
Friday, July 16: Martinsburg, WV at RESA VIII (109 S. College Street)
Center Intern Yiyu George Wang Recounts His Naturalization at Jefferson's Monticello.
07/09/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA - As a civically apathetic child for the majority of my years, I never thought much of becoming a U.S. citizen. From my point of view, U.S. citizenship was merely something that would have forced me to go through the much longer and slower moving "Foreign Arrivals" line when I visited China. It was not really until the 2008 election that I discovered a real interest in politics. I suppose the excitement of everyone around me finally caught on. Friends who I never thought cared at all about public policy were hotly debating the pros and cons of this and that idea. Many of my friends who turned 18 before the election boasted that they had voted for the first time. I was, simply put, very jealous.
Fast forward to the present: I took my oath of citizenship on the steps of Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, one of our greatest founding fathers. Perhaps even more important to me, Jefferson was the founder of the University of Virginia. Words cannot do justice to the emotions I felt that day.
It is a tribute to the unparalleled freedom of the United States that the newly naturalized citizens were allowed to make some remarks to the public. I volunteered to speak because I wanted to show my appreciation for my family, especially my mother and father for their support throughout the years.
However, I also wanted to address the public at large and leave them something meaningful, something to think about. I believe that the phrase "With great power, comes great responsibility," applies not only to the powerful, but to all of us. With our great privileges of liberty comes our duty of participation. Interning this summer at the Center for Politics, with its mission of promoting the value of politics and the importance of civic engagement has certainly helped to reinforce that belief. During my remarks, it was a spur of the moment idea to quote President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, "Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country." Those are words I hope to live by, as a new U.S. citizen.
State Department grant allows South Asian students to study U.S. history, society and politics with new media focus at Center for Politics.
06/09/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA - The University of Virginia's Center for Politics is hosting a Study of the U.S. Institute for Student Leaders on New Media as part of a broader U.S. Department of State initiative designed to promote a better understanding of the U.S. abroad and to help develop future world leaders. The Center for Politics has organized a program that includes the study of U.S. history, government, and society with a particular focus on New Media. Twenty undergraduate students from Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka will also have the opportunity to experience Charlottesville hospitality and recreational opportunities.
The Department of State is supplying the grant under the Fulbright-Hays Act with the purpose "to foster mutual understanding between the people of the United States and the people of other countries."
Some highlights of the Center for Politics program will include lectures by distinguished scholars and practitioners in the fields of media and politics, such as Virginia Supreme Court Justice Bill Mims, former U.S. Senator and Connecticut Governor Lowell Weicker, former U.S. Ambassador to Sri Lanka Ashley Wills, political journalist Craig Crawford, actress Daphne Maxwell Reid, Chief Stephen Adkins of the Chickahominy Tribe and Politics Professor Larry Sabato. The students will also receive hands-on experience in new media, serving in local internships with a variety of media outlets and organizations, and in community service.
The Study of the U.S. Institutes are designed and funded by the Study of the U.S. Branch in the U.S. Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA). Study of the U.S. Institute participants are among over 40,000 individuals participating in U.S. Department of State exchange programs each year. For more than sixty years, ECA has funded and supported programs that seek to promote mutual understanding and respect between the people of the United States and the people of other countries. Other ECA programs include the Fulbright Program and the Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship Program. For more information about ECA programs, visit http://exchanges.state.gov/.
"Locked Out: The Fall of Massive Resistance" Nominated for "Best Documentary" EMMY Award
06/04/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA - The University of Virginia Center for Politics' latest documentary, "Locked Out: The Fall of Massive Resistance," has been nominated for an EMMY Award. The documentary was produced in conjunction with the Community Idea Stations, and directed by Mason Mills, a longtime partner of the Center for Politics. The nomination through the Capital chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was announced on May 10, and winners will be announced at the 52nd EMMY Awards Dinner held in Washington, DC on June 5.
The one-hour documentary, "Locked Out: The Fall of Massive Resistance," explores the tragedies and triumphs of the children of Virginia who found themselves on the front lines of a cultural war that desegregated Virginia's public schools, and forever altered American history. "Locked Out" features personal interviews with former students, Virginia Governors Linwood Holton and Douglas Wilder, and recognized civil rights historians.
Center for Politics Director Larry Sabato said, "We are very proud to receive this prestigious nomination. Segregation and Massive Resistance left an indelible stain on the South. Every citizen should hear firsthand about the mistakes of the past so that, working together, we can ensure that they never happen again."
Over the past year, "Locked Out" has aired on PBS stations across the nation and was shown as a featured film at the Virginia Film Festival last fall. In addition, many Virginia organizations and schools have hosted screenings to bring attention to this crucial time in American history.
John Felton, Vice President and General Manager of the Community Idea Stations said, "We are proud of our national public television production relationship with the Center for Politics. We leverage their unique abilities on an intellectual level combined with our ability at The Community Idea Stations to produce documentaries that resonate with hundreds of thousands of public television viewers. An EMMY nomination is quite coveted in the television industry, especially so given that we are judged by our media peers."
Center for Politics Presents Music and Politics of the 1960s
Legendary artist Peter Yarrow of Peter, Paul and Mary to perform
04/21/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA –The U.Va. Center for Politics is pleased to present Peter Yarrow of the 1960s musical group, Peter, Paul and Mary, on Wednesday, April 28 at 8 p.m. at Old Cabell Hall for a look back at the Music and Politics of the 1960s. The event is the start of the Center's Golden Anniversaries Series - a new, annual series of programs, symposia, documentaries, public lectures, travel opportunities and teaching resources aimed as commemorating the landmark political events of the 1960s.
For 49 years, Peter Yarrow was a member of the Grammy award-winning folk group Peter, Paul and Mary. The late Coretta Scott King once proclaimed, "Peter, Paul and Mary are not only three of the greatest folk artists ever, but also three of the performing arts' most outstanding champions of social justice and peace."
During the last decade, Peter has devoted himself primarily to founding and heading the work of Operation Respect, an educational non-profit dedicated to assuring children and youth a caring, safe and respectful climate of learning where students' academic, social and emotional development can take place in a welcoming environment, conducive to learning.
Introduction by Professor Larry J. Sabato, Director of the Center for Politics. The event is free and open to the public, however tickets are required from the University of Virginia Arts Box Office. Please visit http://tickets.artsboxoffice.virginia.edu/ for more information.
Questions? Please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com or call (434) 243-3540.
Former Virginia Governor Douglas Wilder to speak at U.Va.
First African-American governor in U.S. history to address Larry Sabato's class
03/03/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – Former Virginia Governor L. Douglas Wilder will speak to Larry Sabato's Introduction to American Politics class on Wednesday, March 3 at 3 PM at the Wilson Hall Auditorium on the Grounds of the University of Virginia. The first African-American governor elected in the United States since Reconstruction and a grandson of slaves, Wilder will discuss his experiences in Virginia politics and share his trademark perspective on current issues facing the country and the Commonwealth. The event is hosted and sponsored by the University of Virginia Center for Politics.
Wilder, a Democrat, served as Virginia's 66th governor from 1990 to 1994. Before his time as governor, he served as a state senator from Richmond for 16 years before being elected to the Lieutenant Governorship in 1985, becoming the first African-American to win statewide election in Virginia history. In 2004, Wilder was elected to serve as the mayor of Richmond, a position to which he did not seek reelection in 2008. He currently serves as an adjunct professor of public policy at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond. Even after leaving public office Wilder has remained an outspoken voice on the issues facing Virginia, including gun control and taxes. In the 2009 gubernatorial election, he was courted by both the Republican and Democratic candidates before ultimately declining to make an endorsement.
"Careers in Politics and Policy" to highlight U.Va. graduates
Center for Politics, Batten School, and University Career Services partner for panel
03/02/10 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – A panel of University of Virginia graduates will show current students a path towards careers in public service at an event sponsored by the U.Va. Center for Politics, Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy, and University Career Services. The free student event "Careers in Politics and Policy" will be held on Tuesday, March 2 at 6 PM in the Kaleidoscope Room in Newcomb Hall on the University of Virginia grounds.
Students will be able to see how these panelists reached their current positions and hear advice on how to chart their own course. The event will also offer current students the opportunity to network and make connections with graduates who already have careers in their field of interest. Panelists have jobs in political campaigns, local government, legislative offices on Capitol Hill, and federal agencies, some in the beginning of their careers and others serving in high-level positions with years of experience. Attendees will hear not only about entry-level positions and how to attain them, but also will pick up tips and advice on how to turn an interest in politics and policy into a life-long career. There will be a question and answer period for students to learn more from these politics and policy professionals.
Panelists will include:
- Nicholas Feucht, City of Richmond Economic and Community Development Office
- Logan Pugh, U.S. Senate office of Sen. Olympia Snowe
- Lara Robillard, Principal Analyst at the Congressional Budget Office
- Anna Scholl, Finance Director for Congressman Tom Perriello
- Frank Talbot, Legislative Assistant for Republican Whip Eric Cantor
2010 and Beyond!
University of Virginia Center for Politics and POLITICO to Host Elections Preview
12/01/09 | CHARLOTTESVILLE, VA – Democratic National Committee Chairman Gov. Tim Kaine (D-VA) and National Republican Senatorial Committee Chairman Sen. John Cornyn (R-TX) will deliver the keynote speeches at the American Democracy Conference sponsored by the University of Virginia Center for Politics and POLITICO. Kaine and Cornyn will offer their insights as key leaders and strategists for their respective parties, as well as their perspectives as elected officials who have run successful campaigns.
The 11th annual American Democracy Conference will be held at the Newseum in Washington, DC on Thursday, December 3 and will preview the 2010 midterm elections, look ahead to 2012, and examine the Obama administration's first year. Keynote speeches will begin at 1 PM with panel discussions to follow until 5 PM, featuring elected officials, party insiders, key strategists, and prominent journalists. The conference is free and open to the public with advance registration, available at the Center for Politics' website: http://www.centerforpolitics.org/adc.html
Professor Larry J. Sabato, director of the Center for Politics, and John F. Harris, editor-in-chief of POLITICO, will each moderate panel discussions. The conference will also feature a special panel with the executive directors of the DCCC, NRCC, DSCC, and the NRSC, who will oversee their parties' U.S. House and Senate campaigns in 2010.
Other panelists will include:
- Mike Allen, Chief White House Correspondent for POLITICO
- Paul Begala, advisor to President Clinton and CNN contributor
- Roy Blunt, U.S. Representative (R-MO) and former Republican Whip
- Alex Castellanos, Senior communications adviser to the RNC and CNN contributor
- Tom Cole, U.S. Representative (R-OK) and former NRCC chairman
- Roland Martin, CNN contributor and political columnist
- Kiki McLean, Democratic strategist and former Hillary Clinton advisor
- Susan Page, Washington bureau chief for USA Today
- Jennifer Palmieri, former deputy press secretary to President Clinton
- Leslie Sanchez, Republican strategist and former CNN contributor
- Juan Williams, political analyst for NPR and Fox News
The American Democracy Conference grew out of the first National Post Election Conference in 1998. The conference examines not only the most recent election cycle, but also current campaigns, upcoming elections and prospects for the future of American democracy. The conference is based on the idea that elections are the seminal event in the life of a democracy, setting the direction of the country while shedding light on the state of America's political health.


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News Archive
Linebacking Core
March 26th 2002
By Bryan Hersh of 49ers Paradise
The 49ers had a 66% turnover rate at the linebacking position last season. Ushering Winfred Tubbs and Ken Norton Jr out the door, and welcoming Jeff Ulbrich and Derek Smith into starting roles the 49ers had one main stay at linebacker - Julian Peterson. Peterson was clearly the captain of the group this season and as a result there was a little performance drop off from him, as he assumed some other responsibilities.
This years starting linebackers are bound to see some turnover too, as Jamie Winborn will give Smith and Ulbrich a run for their money. Winborn looked like the real deal this past season, and was a big asset to the defense in key situations. This group can really only get better - especially if the 49ers continue to add some depth to it.
Julian Peterson will improve as the 49ers allow him more freedom. Last season, Peterson had to 'stay at home' in order to pick up some of the slack from two linebackers who were new to the 49ers defensive system. This season however, the starting three should all have at least one season's experience with the team, allowing Peterson to become that impact player he was pegged to be.
Derek Smith and Jeff Ulbrich will have a hard time keeping their positions with Winborn. Winborn made tremendous strides last season, and will likely show even more improvement by the time pre-season roles around. Meanwhile the two of them will be pushed for their starting position and will have to increase their output.
The formula seems to equate to a greater output than last season. Leaving Peterson to make plays - doing what he does best, and the steady competition at the other two spots should bring a better game from everyone. The chemistry among st the group should improve to, and as such Jim Mora Jr can continue to become more creative as he was late, last season.


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- Research
- Open Access
DeBi: Discovering Differentially Expressed Biclusters using a Frequent Itemset Approach
- Akdes Serin1Email author and
- Martin Vingron1
© Serin and Vingron; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
- Received: 14 February 2011
- Accepted: 23 June 2011
- Published: 23 June 2011
The analysis of massive high throughput data via clustering algorithms is very important for elucidating gene functions in biological systems. However, traditional clustering methods have several drawbacks. Biclustering overcomes these limitations by grouping genes and samples simultaneously. It discovers subsets of genes that are co-expressed in certain samples. Recent studies showed that biclustering has a great potential in detecting marker genes that are associated with certain tissues or diseases. Several biclustering algorithms have been proposed. However, it is still a challenge to find biclusters that are significant based on biological validation measures. Besides that, there is a need for a biclustering algorithm that is capable of analyzing very large datasets in reasonable time.
Here we present a fast biclustering algorithm called DeBi (Differentially Expressed BIclusters). The algorithm is based on a well known data mining approach called frequent itemset. It discovers maximum size homogeneous biclusters in which each gene is strongly associated with a subset of samples. We evaluate the performance of DeBi on a yeast dataset, on synthetic datasets and on human datasets.
We demonstrate that the DeBi algorithm provides functionally more coherent gene sets compared to standard clustering or biclustering algorithms using biological validation measures such as Gene Ontology term and Transcription Factor Binding Site enrichment. We show that DeBi is a computationally efficient and powerful tool in analyzing large datasets. The method is also applicable on multiple gene expression datasets coming from different labs or platforms.
- Gene Ontology
- Transcription Factor Binding Site
- Consensus Score
- Recovery Score
- Molecular Signature Database
In recent years, various high throughput technologies such as cDNA microarrays, oligo-microarrays and sequence-based approaches (RNA-Seq) for transcriptome profiling have been developed. The most common approach for detecting functionally related gene sets from such high throughput data is clustering [1]. Traditional clustering methods like hierarchical clustering [2] and k-means [3], have several limitations. Firstly, they are based on the assumption that a cluster of genes behaves similarly in all samples. However, a cellular process may affect a subset of genes, only under certain conditions. Secondly, clustering assigns each gene or sample to a single cluster. However, some genes may not be active in any of the samples and some genes may participate in multiple processes.
Biclustering is a two-way clustering method for detecting local patterns in data. It finds subsets of genes that behave similarly in subsets of samples. Biclustering was initially introduced by Hartigan [4]. However, it was first applied by Cheng and Church [5] on gene expression data. Cheng and Church tried to identify submatrices of low mean residue score which indicates uniform fluctuation in expression profiles. Since the algorithm discovers one bicluster at a time, repeated application of the method on a modified matrix is needed for discovering multiple biclusters. This has the drawback that it results in highly overlapping gene sets. Ben-Dor et al. [6] detected a subset of genes whose expression levels induce the same linear ordering of the experiments. The drawback of this method is that it enforces a strict order of the samples. Bergmann et al. [7] identified biclusters which consist of the set of co-regulated genes and the conditions that induce their co-regulation. Murali and Kasif [8] found subsets of genes that are simultaneously similarly expressed across a subset of the samples. The algorithm uses prior knowledge about the sample phenotypes. Tanay et al. [9] defined biclustering as a problem of finding bicliques in a bipartite graph. Due to its high complexity, the number of rows the bicluster may have is restricted. Prelic et al. [10] defined the binary inclusion maximal biclustering (BIMAX) using a fast divide and conquer method. However, divide and conquer has the drawback of possibly missing good biclusters by early splits. Li et al. [11] developed an algorithm for discovering statistically significant biclusters from datasets containing tens of thousands of genes and thousands of conditions. Madeira and Oliveira have written a detailed review on different biclustering methods [12].
Here, we propose a novel, fast biclustering algorithm called DeBi that utilizes differential gene expression analysis. In DeBi, a bicluster has the following two main properties. Firstly, a bicluster is a maximum homogenous gene set where each gene in the bicluster should be highly or lowly expressed over all the bicluster samples. Secondly, each gene in the bicluster shows statistical difference in expression between the samples in the bicluster and the samples not in the bicluster. Differentially expressed biclusters lead to functionally more coherent gene sets compared to standard clustering or biclustering algorithms.
There are several advantages of the DeBi algorithm. Firstly, the algorithm is capable of discovering biclusters on very large datasets such as the human connectivity map data with 22283 genes and 6100 samples in reasonable time. Secondly, it is not required to define the number of biclusters a priori [5, 7, 10].
We evaluated the performance of DeBi on a yeast dataset [13], on synthetic datasets [10], on the connectivity map dataset which is a reference collection of gene expression profiles from human cells that have been treated with a variety of drugs [14], gene expression profiles of 2158 human tumor samples published by expO (Expression Project for Oncology), on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) dataset [15] and on gene sets from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB) C2 category. We show that DeBi compares well with existing biclustering methods such as BIMAX, SAMBA, Cheng and Church's algorithm (CC), Order Preserving Submatrix Algorithm (OPSM), Iterative Signature Algorithm (ISA) and Qualitative Biclustering (QUBIC) [5–7, 9, 10].
We have evaluated our algorithm on six datasets (a) Prelic's benchmark synthetic datasets with implanted biclusters [10] (b) 300 different experimental perturbations of S. cerevisiae [13] (c) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) dataset [15] (d) a reference collection of gene-expression profiles from human cells that have been treated with a variety of drugs [14] (e) gene expression profiles of 2158 human tumor samples published by expO (Expression Project for Oncology) (f) gene sets from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB) C2 category. The synthetic data is studied to show the performance of our algorithm in recovering implanted biclusters. Additionally, the effect of overlap between biclusters and noise on the performance of the algorithm can be studied using the synthetic data. The yeast and human gene expression datasets are studied to evaluate the biological relevance of the biclusters from several aspects. We used a fold-change of 2 for binarizing the datasets. The set of biclusters generated by all the algorithms are filtered such that the remaining ones have a maximum overlap of 0.5. (unless specified otherwise)
First, for each bicluster we calculated the statistically significantly enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms using the hypergeometric test. We determined the proportion of GO term enriched biclusters at different levels of significance. Second, Transcription Factor Binding Sites (TFBS) enrichment is calculated by a hypergeometric test using transcription factor binding site data coming from various sources [16–18] at different levels of significance. The GO term and TFBS enrichment analyses are done using Genomica http://genie.weizmann.ac.il.
We have compared our algorithm with BIMAX, SAMBA, Cheng and Churchs algorithm (CC), Order Preserving Submatrix Algorithm (OPSM), Iterative Signature Algorithm (ISA) and Qualitative Biclustering (QUBIC) [5–7, 9, 10]. We used QUBIC software for QUBIC, BicAT software for OPSM, ISA, BIMAX and Expander software for SAMBA with default settings for each algorithm [10, 19, 20].
Prelic's Synthetic Data
We applied our algorithm to a synthetic gene expression dataset. In the artificial datasets biclusters have been created on the basis of two scenarios (data available at http://www.tik.ee.ethz.ch/sop/bimax. In the first scenario, non-overlapping biclusters with increasing noise levels are generated. In the second scenario, biclusters with increasing overlap but without noise are produced. In both scenarios, biclusters with constant expression values and biclusters following an additive model where the expression values varying over the conditions are investigated.
In order to assess the performance of different biclustering algorithms, we used two measures from Prelic et al. [10] and Hochreiter et al. [21], respectively. The measure introduced by Prelic et al. calculates a similarity based on the Jaccard index between the computed biclusters and the implanted biclusters. Bicluster recovery score measures the accuracy of the predicted biclusters however it does not consider the number of biclusters in both sets. Hochreiter et al. introduced a consensus score by computing similarities between all pairs of biclusters and then assigning the biclusters of one set to biclusters of the other set. It penalizes different number of biclusters by dividing the sum of similarities by the numbers of biclusters in largest set. A more detailed description of the measures can be found in Additional File 1.
Yeast Compendium
We further applied our algorithm to the compendium of gene expression profiles derived from 300 different experimental perturbations of S. cerevisiae[13]. We discovered 192 biclusters in the yeast dataset containing 2025 genes and 192 conditions. As a binarization level we used the fold change of 1.58 as recommended in the original paper [13].
In the analyzed yeast data, conditions are knocked-out genes. Since biclustering discovers subsets of genes and subsets of conditions we can also examine the biological significance of the clustered conditions. Similar to the previous analysis, we measured GO term enrichment of conditions in each discovered biclusters. DeBi is the second best in discovering high percentage of GO term enriched biclusters.
In the discovered biclusters, the enriched gene functions are related to the enriched sample functions. Bicluster 83, genes are enriched in the 'conjugation' GO term and conditions are enriched in 'regulation of biological quality'. Moreover, there is an enrichment of the TFBS of STE12, which is known to be involved in cell cycle. Bicluster 50, consists of genes and samples that are enriched in 'ribosome biogenesis and assembly' GO term. Bicluster 22, consists of genes and samples that are enriched in 'lipid metabolic process' GO term, and additionally genes are enriched with TFBS of HAP1. Bicluster 9, consists of down regulated genes and samples that are enriched in 'cell division' GO term, and additionally genes are enriched with TFBS of STE12.
DLBCL Data
We also evaluated our DeBi algorithm on 'diffuse large B-cell lymphoma' (DLBCL) dataset. DLBCL dataset consists of 661 genes and 180 samples. We applied ISA, OPSM, QUBIC, SAMBA and DeBi algorithms.
Figure 3 (b) illustrates the proportion of GO term and TFBS enriched biclusters for the five biclustering methods at different levels of significance. DeBi discovers the highest proportion of GO term and TFBS enriched biclusters. The up regulated bicluster 16 and down regulated bicluster 4 contains the sample classes identified by [22]. Bicluster 16 is enriched with 'ribosome' and 'cell cycle' GO Term and Bicluster 4 is enriched with 'cell cycle' and 'death' GO Terms. The protein interaction networks of this two selected biclusters can be found in Figure S2 and S3 Additional File 1. Protein interaction networks are generated using STRING [23]. All the biclusters and the enrichment analysis can be found in Additional file 4.
Human CMap Data
We also evaluated our DeBi algorithm on the Connectivity Map v0.2 (CMap) [14]. CMap is a reference collection of gene expression profiles from human cells that have been treated with a variety of drugs comprised of 6100 samples and 22283 genes. Figure 3 (c) summarizes the results of DeBi and QUBIC. The proportion of GO term and TFBS enriched biclusters are much more higher in DeBi compared to QUBIC.
Human ExpO Data
We applied our DeBi algorithm and QUBIC on Expression Project for Oncology(expO) dataset http://www.intgen.org/. ExpO consists gene expression profiles of 2158 human tumor samples coming from diverse tissues with 40223 transcripts.
Figure 3 (d) shows that the proportion of GO term and TFBS enriched biclusters are much more higher in DeBi compared to QUBIC. It illustrates that DeBi performs better than QUBIC in ExpO data. 70% of the DeBi biclusters are enriched with GO Terms with a p-value smaller than 0.05. Moreover biclusters contain tumor samples mostly from similar tissue types. Figure S8 in Additional file 1 shows GO Term enrichment of some of the biclusters. Bicluster 13 contains thyroid tumor samples and genes enriched with 'protein-hormone receptor activity'. Bicluster 3 contains prostate tumor samples and genes enriched with 'tissue kallikrein activity'. Bicluster 22 contains mostly pancreas and colon samples and genes enriched with 'pancreatic elastase activity' GO Term. All the biclusters and the enrichment analysis can be found in Additional file 6.
MSigDB Data
Finally, we applied our algorithm on the manually curated gene sets from the Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB) C2 category. The C2 category of MSigDB consists of 3272 gene sets in which 2392 gene sets are chemical and genetic pertubations and 880 gene sets are from various pathway databases. The gene sets naturally define a binary matrix where ones indicate the affected gene under certain pertubation/pathway. The binary matrix contains 18205 genes and 3272 samples. This analysis aids us to identify the pathways that are affected by chemical and genetic perturbations. It has not been possible to run QUBIC on this dataset while QUBIC requires a certain amount of overlap between genes.
Running Time
DeBi algorithm is capable of analyzing yeast data(size 6100 × 300) in 6 minutes, ExpO data (size 40223 × 2158) in 12 minutes, MSigDB data (size 18205 × 3272) in 11 minutes, DLBCL data (size 610 × 180) in 11 seconds, CMap data (size 22283 × 6100) in 3 hours 45 minutes. The QUBIC algorithm analyzes CMap data in 2 hours 55 minutes and ExpO data in 3 hours 54 minutes. The running time analysis was done on a 2.13 GHz Intel 2 Dual Core computer with 2GB memory.
and the entries of of E d are defined analogously with a c-fold down-regulation cut-off. The fold change cut-off c will typically be set to 2.
Finding seed biclusters by Maximal Frequent Gene Set Algorithm
The support of the gene set is then defined as the fraction of samples for which the phenotype vector is 1.
A gene set is (c 1 , c 2 ) - frequent iff its support supp is larger than c 1 and the cardinality above c 2 . When c 1 and c 2 are not in focus, we will simply speak of a frequent gene set. A gene set is maximally frequent iff it is frequent and no superset of it is frequent.
The simplest method for detecting maximally frequent gene sets is a brute force approach in which each possible subset of G ={g1, g2, g3,..., g n } is a candidate frequent set. To find the frequent sets we count the support of each candidate set. The MAFIA algorithm is an efficient implementation for finding maximally frequent sets with support above a given threshold [28]. The search strategy of MAFIA uses a depth-first traversal of the gene set lattice with effective pruning techniques. It avoids exhaustive enumeration of all candidate gene sets by a monotonicity principle. The monotonicity principle states that every subset of a frequent itemset is frequent. It prunes the candidates which have an infrequent subpattern using this property.
In the first step of the DeBi algorithm, MAFIA is iteratively applied to the binary matrix successively reducing the support threshold. Initially, MAFIA is applied to the full binary matrix E u (E d ) with support value (c 1 ) 0 equal to support value of the gene with the highest support. In iteration k, MAFIA is applied with support value threshold of . The identified maximally frequent sets are added to the set of seed gene sets B and the genes in B are deleted from the binary matrix E u (E d ). In each iteration MAFIA is applied to the modified matrix . The process is repeated until a user defined minumum support parameter is reached.
Extending and filtering the biclusters
In the second step of DeBi, the identified seed gene sets are extended using a local search. For each bicluster , v = 1,...,l, we have the binary phenotype vector C v = ∧(e1,...,e k ) = (Cv 1,...,C vm ). The entries of C v indicate the indices of the bicluster samples. If , j = 1,...,m , i.e. that the sample s j belongs to the bicluster b v . The gene g i , i = 1,..., n, is an element of gene set if e i . is associated with C v . We evaluate the association strength between the phenotype vector of a bicluster and another gene using Fisher's exact test on a 2 × 2 contingency table. The cells of the contingency table count how often the four possibilities of the phenotype vector containing a 1 or a 0 and the gene-vector containing a 1 or a 0 occur. The Fisher's exact test then tests for independence in the contingency table and thus among the two vectors.
A gene g i , i = 1,..., n is added, to the gene set if the pvalue returned by the Fisher exact test is lower than the parameter α. It gets deleted from b v if the probability is higher than α and added to b v if the probability is smaller than α. For this procedure the association probability with the bicluster needs to be calculated for each gene. However, we reduce the computational effort using the monotonicity property of the hypergeometric distribution. We precompute cut-off values on the contingency table entries that yield a p-value just higher than α. Let σ 1, IN and σ 1, OUT denote the number of 1's a gene-vector has in the bicluster samples and the number of 1's a gene-vector has outside the bicluster samples, respectively. We find the minimal σ 1, IN and maximal σ 1, OUT at this border. Then, we apply Fisher's exact test only to those genes which have σ 1, IN > minσ 1, IN and σ1, OUT< maxσ1, OUT.
In the last step we turn to the sometimes very complicated overlap structure among biclusters. The goal is to filter the set of biclusters such that the remaining ones are large and overlap only little. The size of a bicluster is defined as the number of genes times the number of samples in the bicluster, . Two biclusters overlap when they share common samples and genes. The size of the overlap is the product of the number of common samples and common genes. To filter out biclusters that are largely contained in a bigger bicluster, we start with the largest bicluster and compare it to the other biclusters. Those biclusters for which the overlap to the largest one exceeds L% (typically 50%) of the size of the smaller one are deleted. This is then repeated starting with the remaining second-largest bicluster and so on.
Choosing the optimum alpha parameter
However, this bicluster score I v depends on the size (number of genes × number of conditions) of the bicluster and in order to make it comparable between biclusters one needs to correct for the size. We compute the expected bicluster score through a randomization procedure. A large number, say 500, random phenotype vectors having the same number of 1s as the bicluster has conditions is generated. For these random phenotype vectors a Fisher exact test p-value with respect to each gene in the bicluster is computed. One obtains a random I v score by adding log p-values over the genes of the bicluster. The mean of these random bicluster scores is the desired estimator. Finally, a normalized NI v score is definded by dividing I v by this estimated mean and the total biclustering score CS is defined as the sum of NI v normalized scores of all discovered biclusters . This score serves to distinguish between different choices of α. The program is run under α = {10-2, 10-3,..., 10-100} and we choose the α that maximizes CS.
We have proposed a novel fast biclustering algorithm especially for analyzing large datasets. Our algorithm aims to find biclusters where each gene in a bicluster should be highly or lowly expressed over all the bicluster samples compared to the rest of the samples. Unlike other algorithms, it is not required to define the number of biclusters a priori. We have compared our method with other biclustering algorithms using synthetic data and biological data. We have shown that the DeBi algorithm provides biologically significant biclusters using GO term and TFBS enrichment. We have also showed the computational efficiency of our algorithm. It is shown that it is a useful and powerful tool in analyzing large datasets.
In spite of efforts by many authors, comparing the performance of biclustering algorithms is still a challenge [29]. Smaller biclusters have a higher chance to yield a coherent GO annotation, while larger biclusters would, of course, be more interesting to observe. Our α threshold influences this behavior. The optimized α threshold is smaller for larger number of samples which limits the number of genes that get accepted into a bicluster.
The binarization of the input data in order to obtain a boolean matrix is another key decision in our approach. In this we go along with many other authors and we think that it helps in applying biclustering to gene expression data coming from different labs or platforms. The hope is that our method will further contribute to establishing biclustering as a general purpose tool for data analysis in functional genomics.
The DeBi code is written in c++ programming language for UNIX environment. The MAFIA algorithm c++ code is used for calculating the maximally frequent item sets. The DeBi algorithm is freely available at http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~serin/debi/main.html.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Adjudicator: Anne Loxley, Curator, C3West, Museum of Contemporary Art. The 2014 finalists were chosen by the selection panel: Catherine Croll, Director of Cultural Partnerships Australia; Bruce Tindale - visual arts consultant; and Brad Franks the Manager of Muswellbrook Regional Arts Centre.
Congratulations and thank you to all who entered the 24th Muswellbrook Photographic Award.


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We have a preview of tomorrow's Today's Special Value on QVC and it's Tarte's Miracle of Maracuja set. We are suckers for these great Tarte/QVC sets and this one kicks it up a notch with new maracuja infused products for us to obsess over, all of them full sized for only $59.96. This 8-piece collection (the Pure Maracuja Oil is not pictured here) is a steal and includes:
- Pure Maracuja Oil
- Maracuja Waterproof Creaseless Concealer
- Lights, Camera, Lashes! Volumizing Mascara in Black
- Envoke the Smoke Eye Shadow Quad
- Airblush Maracuja Blush in Amused
- Maracuja Divine Shine Lip Gloss in Peaceful
- Cashmere Waterproof Gliding Liner in Black
- Airbrush Finish Bamboo Blush Brush
The Maracuja Waterproof Creaseless Concealer is available in your choice of shades in Fair, Light, Medium, Tan, or Deep and with the auto-delivery option, you will receive new shades in July and November.
Keep reading for swatches from this collection.
I've been playing with this set for a week and so far, my lips and cheeks are loving the new gloss and blush shades. The new Airblush Maracuja Blush in Amused is a shimmering poppy shade that adds the right amount of warmth to my skin. It makes me look flushed like I just went out for a job even though I've been on my couch the entire time. The brush that comes with this set is also a new favorite of mine, love that is has a dome shape to it instead of your typical flat top. The new Maracuja Divine Shine Lip Gloss in Peaceful is gorgeous on the lips, it is a peach nude shade with fine gold shimmer. I am all about the way it makes my lips look full and luscious.
The Amazonian Clay Eyeshadow Quad has everything you need to create a great smokey eye but also has some shades to help you go with a more neutral look. The only shade that disappointed in this quad is Pink Cloud, the shade you see swatched on the left side. The color payoff is not really there and it is just a highlighting shade. The other shades – Silver Mist, Purple Fog and Dark Ash – are well pigmented. There's a little bit of fallout to clean up but otherwise they are easy to work with.
I have to admit, Tarte's Aqua-Gel line was a big turn off for me, these liners just fell apart when I used them, the tip practically disintegrated right before my eyes with each use. Since that launch, I haven't really been tempted to try a new Tarte eyeliner. This new Cashmere Waterproof Gliding Liner restored my faith in Tarte. True to its name, the liner really did glide right on to my lid. I had plenty of play time to smudge out the color, it stayed put on my waterline and gave me plenty of wear time. Thank you, Tarte!
Want to bring this Tarte Miracle of Maracuja set home? You can order it now or call in at midnight during the presentation. Let me know what you think!


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Publisher: Disney-Hyperion
Source: Publisher
Pages: 224
Release Date: September 5th 2017
Series: The Dreadful Tale of Prosper Redding #1
Genres: Action & Adventure, Family, Fantasy & Magic, General, Multigenerational, Young Adult
"I would say it's a pleasure to meet thee, Prosperity Oceanus Redding, but truly, I only anticipate the delights of destroying thy happiness."
Prosper is the only unexceptional Redding in his old and storied family history — that is, until he discovers the demon living inside him. Turns out Prosper's great-great-great-great-great-something grandfather made — and then broke — a contract with a malefactor, a demon who exchanges fortune for eternal servitude. And, weirdly enough, four-thousand-year-old Alastor isn't exactly the forgiving type.
The fiend has reawakened with one purpose — to destroy the family whose success he ensured and who then betrayed him. With only days to break the curse and banish Alastor back to the demon realm, Prosper is playing unwilling host to the fiend, who delights in tormenting him with nasty insults and constant attempts trick him into a contract. Yeah, Prosper will take his future without a side of eternal servitude, thanks.
Little does Prosper know, the malefactor's control over his body grows stronger with each passing night, and there's a lot Alastor isn't telling his dim-witted (but admittedly strong-willed) human host.
From #1 New York Times best-selling author Alexandra Bracken comes a tale of betrayal and revenge, of old hurts passed down from generation to generation. Can you ever fully right a wrong, ever truly escape your history? Or will Prosper and Alastor be doomed to repeat it?
Alexandra Bracken can't really write anything poorly, so I was looking forward to see how she tackled writing a middle-grade novel. The results? I enjoyed THE DESPERATE TALE OF PROSPER REDDING, but it wasn't quite what I expected.
First off, I feel like I have to warn people of the HUGE cliffhanger this book leaves off on. Knowing that this wasn't going to be a standalone might have changed my reading experience a little. Also, I'm biased because I have a really poor memory and usually wait until there are two books out in a series to start one. But I digress.
Like the blurb says, this novel is about a boy named Prosper who happened to get stuck with the brunt of his family's bad luck in the form of a demon named Alastor, who possesses him.
I expected Alastor, being a demon and all, would have been a lot more evil but he pretty much is all bark and no bite. I was fine with that, especially when you consider the interesting dynamic he has with Prosper, which was actually quite humorous. They bicker back and forth and most of their exchanges are pretty funny. I wish they had interacted more.
In terms of writing, Bracken delivers yet again. I do have to say that the pacing felt off though, it was slow at times, particularly when visiting the school the characters are attending. Also I think the book took place over a few days(?) which was somewhat odd. The last hundred pages were great though, I was definitely hooked on seeing what was going to happen, and there was heck of a twist.
I would recommend this book to any Alexandra Bracken or MG fans.
|Rating Report


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Wednesday June 6
Exec. Director for Climate Science, Coalition of America
Mr. Goreham critiques the new carbon standards enacted by the EPA
Sr. Director for Strategic PLanning, Environmental Defense Fund
Mr. Holstein defends the new carbon pollutions standards enacted by the EPA
Fox News Host, "The Five"
Ms. Perino discusses the exchange of Sgt. Bergdahl for five Guantanamo prisoners
State Senator, R-St. Joseph
Senator Proos talks about the Detroit "grand bargain" and Senior Citizens Day
President & CEO, Business Leaders for Michigan
Mr. Rothwell discusses the Detroit "grand bargain"
Our listeners chime in on the conduct of the Obama Administration and the Bergdahl and VA scandals


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Holly is currently available for new client commissions and is also taking bookings for live illustrating at events, which she has previously done for MAC cosmetics, Ted Baker, and UGG. Please get in touch to say hello, or to discuss your idea.
Holly Sharpe is an artist and illustrator from Scotland, UK. As well as working on commissions for various clients, Holly also dedicates a lot of time and focus to continually creating her own new drawings and illustrations. She is extremely passionate about what she does and has worked very hard to be able to shape what she loves doing into a career. Her creativity and drive has allowed her to work with a broad range of clients as well as selling her own work to a global audience.
"Sharpe brings the elegance of a fashion designer's line to the observation of human sympathies, discords and curiosities. Her fluid draughtsmanship and freedom with paint contribute to the creation of dynamic, vibrant pieces whether in colourful abstraction, or monotone drawings". (NewBloodArt, 2010)
Originally from Edinburgh, Holly studied printed textiles at Duncan of Jordanstone in Dundee, she then went on to work as a textile designer for a while as well as continuing to create her own original artwork. Along with a huge desire to create, Holly also thrives on meeting new people and experiencing new places. She has spent some time travelling and has covered a reasonable chunk of the world, to then return to the UK where she lived in London for a while. She is now based in Glasgow where she works from her studio in the West End and is also a lecturer part time at Glasgow Clyde College in both the illustration department as well as Fashion and Textiles.
Clients include: MAC Cosmetics, Gilda & Pearl, Marks and Spencer, Derwent pencils, UGG, Marie Claire, Chloé fragrances, University of Edinburgh, Beetroot, Brodies tea, Schwiing clothing Montréal, and Aston Martin Edinburgh.
The best way to find out more about Holly and her latest work, is to follow her on social media and sign up to her newsletter below.
You can also find her written blog here.
All images ©HollySharpe
Copyright Holly Sharpe 2019. all rights reserved.
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desmond two crappy at bats today.
Well, Morgan just did something Mench/Maxwell/Harris couldn't... get a hit.
Its a shame that Willie has had such a bad year, because I really enjoyed watching him the last two years (2008-2009 aka "the Dark Years"). Unfortunately it looks like the end of the line for Wee Willie and I can't see why they would offer him a contract next year.
WTF a 2 out steal?
dont you mean "WTF, a 2 out steal!!"
I'll take it..
Just because it works once . . .
Ok, when I say Hinske is a fat sloth, I know what I'm talking about.
We are !!
I think Hinske and Mench are really the same guy
PENN STATE!! haha
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Every day the people of Chicago lose another brother or sister, another son or daughter, to gun violence. But a disturbing aspect of their stories goes untold -- until now: It is the same few gun dealers, acting illegally and irresponsibly, who are supplying most of the guns used by their killers and turning a profit on crime and murder.
The people of Chicago – like Americans from Newtown to Columbine – have had enough. More than enough.
Today, we're stepping up our fight.
On Saturday, September 6th, people from throughout Chicagoland joined our stand against the "bad apple" gun dealers who supply the criminal gun market. They came to help launch the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence's national campaign to Stop Bad Apple Gun Dealers.
Guns don't grow on trees and criminals aren't making them in their basements. Somehow, even though there are no gun shops in the city of Chicago, criminals still get guns.
The overwhelming majority of gun dealers are responsible business people who take care to keep guns out of dangerous hands. More than 80% can honestly say not a single gun they've sold is traced to crime.
It's a very small number of dealers supplying almost all crime guns; about 1% of dealers sell about 60% of crime guns. These "bad apple" gun dealers choose to ignore the law, selling to obvious straw purchasers, gun traffickers, and other dangerous people.
There's a thriving criminal gun market, by which guns are sold without Brady background checks, no records kept, and no questions asked. The criminal gun market is almost entirely supplied by these few "bad apples," putting guns on our streets and into the hands of violent criminals.
That message is sweeping across the country. Brady is working to hold bad apple gun dealers accountable in court, to take the profit out of supplying the criminal gun market. Brady is leading protests to pressure them to employ responsible business practices, or stop selling guns. Brady activists will encourage good dealers – the vast majority of dealers - to agree to a simple Code of responsible business practices – and pressure the bad apples to change their ways.
These proven, effective tactics have already reduced the flow of criminal guns in Detroit and New York, preventing countless tragedies.
Sign the petition. Join the Stop Bad Apple Gun Dealers campaign. Together, we will keep guns off our streets – and make Chicago the safe hometown our children and grandchildren deserve.


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Fire guards play an extremely important role in keeping warehouses and residents of large buildings safe. Fire security guard system is an essential part of any company and industry so as to prevent any major loss in case of accident or fire break.
Fire Watch Security Guards
Fire Watch Security Guards are extremely efficient and are able to respond immediately so I request for a fire watch and can deploy to a request for a fire watch and can deploy the security system with minimal notice. This service has been there for the companies through out the world. The clients typically include Builders and construction companies and property developers and property owner.
Most of the services are provided at construction sites our renovation of offices and manufacturing sites and distribution and distribution centers.The continued use an occupancy of any structure or business is dependent on all installed fire protection system is being maintained in an operational mode.
At the beginning of an assignment a walk-through with the client is conducted which helps in establishing the petrol area and property under the surveillance. In accordance with Best practices and state laws all the documentation is done of all patrolled areas.
As noted above the security guards remain on site until the fire Marshal has inspected and approved the installed fire protection system. At which time The response to the request to deal with a firebreak is measured. The state of the art has staff with huge experience in securing against firebreaks.


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Frankincense Resin, Carterii
About Frankincense Carterii Resin
Boswellia carterii is one of the most renowned species of Frankincense. This amber resin burns smooth, soulful, and deep. These resin tears are hand harvested from trees growing wild along Somalia's rocky coast. Burning frankincense resin contributes to a purifying atmosphere that will astonish and inspire.
Frankincense shines in ritual, prayer, and meditation. These resin tears, blending spiritual healing powers with an intoxicating fragrance, belong to the treasured botanical family of sacred scents. Fumigation with frankincense has the dual effect of disinfecting public spaces and elevating the spirit.
Frankincense is an oleo gum resin which functions as protective and defensive support for the tree. It has been long used in a paste to relieve bodily discomfort as well as to enhance the skin's healthy circulation and beauty.
How to use Frankincense Carterii Resin
Burn this incense in a Traditional Bowl Burner using the Japanese Incense Charcoal to light the resin. Or easily customize your incense burning experience with our Electric Incense Burner and its adjustable temperature setting.
More ways to use Frankincense Resin
- Powder frankincense tears by grinding them in a mortar and pestle. Add a small amount of powdered frankincense to your tooth brushing powder or paste (you can also add it to your oral swish or pulling oil) for enhanced oral health.
- Enrich your massage oil with powdered frankincense to provide soothing comfort to an aching body.
- Add a pinch of the ground powder to your DIY facial masks for beautiful skin.
Safety Considerations for Frankincense Carterii Resin
The information on this website is not intended to diagnose or prescribe for any disease or health condition. Pregnant women, nursing mothers and children should not use this product without first consulting a licensed healthcare practitioner. The above statements have not been evaluated by the FDA.
Bottle Size: 50 g