text:
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590
Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology
Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transportation Innovations
|This report is an archived publication and may contain dated technical, contact, and link information
Publication Number: FHWA-RD-97-148
User Guidelines for Waste and Byproduct Materials in Pavement Construction
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) and its subsequent amendments and regulations provide an environmental regulatory framework for the testing, reporting, storage, treatment, and disposal of waste materials in the United States. There is, however, no analogous regulatory framework for selecting, characterizing, recovering, and recycling of waste and by-product materials.
The absence of such a regulatory framework is, in most cases, an obstacle to recycling, since the prospective recycler is uncertain what target environmental criteria must be achieved in terms of material or product quality. At the same time, the absence of such formal regulatory testing, reporting, and management safeguards can result in the use of waste and by-product materials in applications that may be environmentally unsuitable.
Given the lack of formal procedures and criteria for recovery and use of waste or by-product materials, the following general guidance should be followed by all prospective recyclers of waste and by-product materials in pavement construction applications:
The remainder of this chapter is intended to provide the prospective user with general guidance pertaining to federal and state laws, regulations, and regulatory and evaluation requirements that he or she may face when proposing to use waste and by-product materials in pavement construction applications. It includes a description of:
Historical Perspective
Prior to 1970, there was little if any environmental regulatory oversight regarding the use of waste and by-product materials in pavement construction applications. In general, those materials that exhibited acceptable engineering properties and were both cost-effective and not considered to be "harmful" to workers or the environment were often used. During that period, however, there were no specific procedures or criteria available to quantify potential environmental concerns or "harmful" impacts.
Three pieces of Federal legislation that were passed by Congress in a span of approximately 11 years from 1969 to 1980, and the implementing rules and regulations that followed, initiated a series of fundamental changes in the management of waste and by-product materials in this country. They presently affect the way in which regulatory agencies address waste and by-product material use.
These acts included:
NEPA introduced the requirement that environmental impact statements be prepared on all Federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the environment. This requirement was subsequently adopted by states and local governments to provide regulatory oversight over a broad range of environmentally related activities and also to provide mechanisms for public interface and review of these activities as part of a formal environmental permitting process.
RCRA introduced the concept of the separate management of hazardous and nonhazardous wastes, and defined procedures to identify whether a waste is hazardous or nonhazardous. Two types of hazardous wastes were identified. They are referred to as listed wastes or characteristic wastes. A listed waste is a waste that is classified as hazardous due to its source and the way it is produced. These types of wastes are "listed" by EPA in its regulations. A characteristic waste is a waste that must be tested to determine if it exhibits one of four properties: (1) ignitability, (2) corrosivity, (3) reactivity, or (4) toxicity. A waste exhibits the characteristic of toxicity (sometimes called the toxic characteristic or TC rule) if the concentration of any of 39 selected analytes in the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extract (formerly the Extraction Procedure Toxicity Test (EP rule), which required the analysis of 14 analytes) exceed regulatory action levels. A hazardous or nonhazardous characterization of waste and by-product materials used in pavement-related applications will almost always be dependent on the results of the TC rule.
CERCLA was designed to address the release or imminent release of hazardous substances into the environment and established the mechanisms for responding to those releases and assessing liability. Regulations and procedures that evolved from CERCLA introduced the concept of human health risk assessments. The development of human exposure reference levels was accelerated as part of these assessment procedures. These reference levels represent the human intake dose below which adverse health effects are not expected to occur. CERCLA also provided the legal framework for assigning liability and assessing monetary damages for environmental impairment.
Although none of the three laws or their implementing regulations directly addressed the use of waste and by-product materials in pavement-related construction applications, they provided the framework that was and is presently used by state environmental regulatory agencies as part of their evolving regulatory strategies.
Evolving Regulatory Strategies
In general, from the mid-1970s (the post-RCRA era) and on into the mid-1980s, RCRA provided the primary means for judging the acceptability of using or not using a waste or by-product material. If a material was found to be nonhazardous (almost exclusively by the EP or TC rule), then the material was considered suitable for use.
Since a hazardous waste designation under RCRA requires special manifest, storage and disposal procedures to ensure public health and safety, it is reasonable to expect that only nonhazardous materials or materials that are excluded from RCRA would be candidate materials for use in pavement construction applications. It is also reasonable to expect, however, that since the RCRA framework is based on the assumption that the waste or by-product material, if it is nonhazardous, will be managed by landfilling or incineration, introducing a waste or by-product material into the environment in recycling applications would require a revised (and perhaps more stringent) regulatory or evaluation framework by which to judge the suitability of such a strategy.
As a result, commencing in the mid-1980s, regulatory agencies began to incorporate additional environmental requirements, including preparation of environmental assessments (based on NEPA) and in some cases, human health risk assessments (based on CERCLA) to evaluate potential impacts associated with waste and by-product use in construction applications. These evaluations have been used as the basis for determining whether permits should be issued for material use.
The adoption of these more rigorous and comprehensive evaluation procedures was also catalyzed by CERCLA-related liability concerns and public involvement in the assessment and permitting process.
Recent Assessment Activities
Most of the initial environmental assessments, which were prepared during the late 1980s, were sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and local power companies and were designed to obtain field data and/or assess the suitability of using coal combustion residues (i.e., coal fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and flue gas desulfurization sludges) in highway construction applications. (See references 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.)
More recently, applications for use of municipal waste combustor ash have resulted in the preparation of a number of environmental and human health risk assessments. (See references 8, 9, 10, and 11.)
In November 1994, the EPA issued a risk and environmental assessment() that was used as the basis for supporting EPA's rulemaking activity covering the use of high temperature metal recovery (HTMR) slags in pavement applications (i.e., as an antiskid or deicing material, as an aggregate substitute in asphalt pavements, as a road base/subbase material and as an additive in the manufacture of cement). HTMR slags are residues produced from high temperature metal recovery treatment of electric arc furnace dust.
General Requirements
Due primarily to the increased pressure to recover and use waste and by-product materials, in recent years, most state environmental regulatory agencies (especially those in industrial areas) have begun the process of formalizing their regulatory procedure for approving the use of waste and by-product materials. In many states this is referred to as a Beneficial Use Permit Process or Beneficial Use Determination (BUD). At the present time, however, there are no universally accepted environmental approval and permitting procedures.
Regulatory requirements in general can take one or more of the following forms:
Although the first two requirements are rather straightforward, the latter requirement can necessitate a series of evaluations that could include the preparation of an environmental assessment, a human health risk assessment, or an ecosystem risk assessment.
There are notable distinctions between the more traditional environmental assessment and human health risk assessments or ecosystem risk assessments; however, beneficial use regulations in general have not clearly delineated these differences or indicated when one or more of these assessments may be required as part of a permitting process.
Environmental assessments generally require a quantification of emissions or discharges from a proposed activity (e.g., construction of a pavement using a waste or by-product material) and a projection of the impact of this emission or discharge on the ambient environment. The magnitude of the impact is usually assessed by comparing the source discharge or the projected ambient impact to some source discharge standard (e.g., groundwater or surface water discharge limits) or some ambient air, water or soil quality standard (e.g., ambient air or water quality criteria). Projections of impacts to the ambient environment are normally estimated using environmental models (e.g., air and water quality models).
Human health assessments, which are an outgrowth of CERCLA and were originally intended to provide a framework for developing the risk information necessary to assist in decision making for remediation at hazardous waste disposal sites, provide for a linking of discharges and emissions from specific sources to vulnerable human receptors in an attempt to quantify risks (using reference doses for carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects) associated with a specific activity. They attempt to account for all potential contaminants and exposure routes (e.g., ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption) that might affect the identified receptor.
Ecosystem risk assessments are evaluations that focus on potential impacts to flora and fauna, usually in the immediate environment of the action. Like human health risk assessments, they tend to focus on specific transfer routes to identifiable flora and fauna and the impact on these organisms. They sometimes address long-term cumulative impacts that may result from the proposed action, such as bioaccumulation and potential food chain effects.
State Regulatory Approaches
In January 1996, a survey was conducted by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation on behalf of the Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials (ASTSWMO), located in Washington, D.C. A questionnaire was sent to all 50 states to obtain information regarding the environmental regulatory approaches presently used to manage waste and by-product material recycling applications in the United States.
The survey form consisted of questions requesting information pertaining to the existence and nature of any regulatory review or permit process facing a prospective waste or by-product material user or applicant prior to proceeding with the use of the material in a recycling application. It also included a request for a description of the general provisions of the process.(13)
A total of 39 states and the District of Columbia provided sufficiently informative responses to allow characterization of their regulatory processes. Of the 40 respondents, 17, or 42 percent, indicated that they required that the applicant receive a formal permit prior to using such materials. Nineteen, or 48 percent, indicated that they had an informal review process with no permit required. Four states, or approximately 10 percent, indicated that they had no process.
Table 22-1 presents a summary of the information received from each of the responding state environmental regulatory agencies. Included in Table 22-1 is a listing of the type of procedures required and specific comments regarding details associated with the review or permit process. A key to Table 22-1 provides clarification to the comments presented in the table.
Although most states report the availability of either a review or permit process, specific evaluation procedures that would be expected of an applicant were unclear in almost all cases. Many states reported that evaluations were done on a case-by-case (CbC) basis or that an environmental assessment (EA) was required. No specific assessment approach or evaluation criteria were available. Some states required that a market be available, while others simply required that the material be nonhazardous (NH). One state reported that periodic monitoring of any new application would be required.
The results of the survey suggest that, until such time as more definitive formal criteria are established, in most cases applicants will be required to define the procedures with the appropriate regulatory agency on a case-by-case basis.
Although there are few formal procedures or criteria for establishing the environmental suitability of using waste and by-product materials in pavement construction applications, there are common elements to all environmental assessments that form the basis for determining the potential impacts associated with a proposed application. These common elements include the following:
Identification of Potential Hazards
Some waste and by-product materials may contain concentrations of trace metals or trace organics that are higher in concentration and/or more environmentally mobile than those found in conventional materials. Others may contain highly alkaline materials (e.g., free lime), high concentrations of soluble salts, very fine particles that may be susceptible to dusting and may also be respirable. Still others may contain volatile organic or inorganic material that could be released in high-temperature environments. In general, the identification and magnitude of these properties can be assessed by examining the parameters listed in Table 22-2. Table 22-2 also outlines potential concerns associated with each of the listed properties.
Impacted Persons or Media
The pavement construction process comprises numerous operations including material storage, handling, production, placement, demolition, excavation, and disposal or recycling operations. These operations are all part of the pavement production, construction, service life, and postservice life activities. Potential dust or volatile emissions or liquid discharges from these operations could have an impact on ambient air, surface or groundwaters, soils, or the worker environment.
The identification of each of these operations is important when identifying impacted persons or media.
Table 22-3 presents a listing of common operations, environmental release mechanisms, and impacted media associated with most pavement-related applications where waste and by-product materials may be used. A more detailed examination of these operations, release mechanisms, and transport media is presented in the next section entitled, "Environmental Issues — Pavement Applications."
Magnitude of Impact
Techniques for determining the magnitude of the impact will depend in great part on the type of evaluation that is required (i.e., traditional environmental assessment, human health risk assessment, or ecosystem risk assessment). In all cases the use of source emission, ambient air, surface water, and groundwater models will probably be required. Guidance on the selection of these models and methods for determining the magnitude of potential impacts can be obtained from several sources. The first source to check is the agency requiring the assessment, which may have specific requirements for models and criteria to use in determining the extent of estimated impacts. A second source is previously completed assessments, such as references 1-11, which may contain guidance on previously used and accepted models. Finally, the EPA and EPRI have published several guidance documents that may be useful for determining potential impacts. (See references 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.)
The suggested sources of guidance presented in this section are not intended to be exhaustive, but are intended as guidance and a possible starting point in the impact assessment process. In preparing an assessment it may be determined that adequate information is not available to satisfactorily perform a comprehensive evaluation. In such cases field demonstration programs may be required as part of the assessment process to assist in the development of source emission data.
Material Characteristics
During the preparation of these guidelines, insufficient data were found to be available to adequately define whether most of the waste or by-product materials included in the guidelines pose significant environmental risk if used in pavement applications. Inasmuch as previous practices did not require testing of such materials for their environmental properties, future efforts will be required to obtain this type of data.
Despite the lack of material-specific environmental data, it is possible, based on an examination of pavement materials and their applications, to provide generic insight into potential environmental issues associated with waste and by-product materials that may be used in pavement applications. This can be accomplished by considering the characteristics of the material (e.g., is it a dust susceptible to airborne emission?), how much of the material is actually introduced into the pavement (e.g., relative quantity), and the activities and operations to which the material and pavement will be subjected during its production and processing, construction, service life, and postservice life.
Pavement Applications
Pavement applications can be subdivided into five major categories. They include: (1) asphalt paving applications, (2) Portland cement concrete applications, (3) flowable fill applications, (4) stabilized base applications, and (5) unbound aggregate and fill applications.
Waste and by-products that are used in these pavement applications are generally used as a replacement material for one or more of the following:
From a relative environmental perspective, it is reasonable to expect that the higher the percentage of recycled material that is incorporated into a pavement structure, the greater the potential concern that might arise regarding the use of the material. The magnitude of this concern will ultimately depend on the nature and level of contamination associated with the subject material.
A list of these material categories, including the general pavement application, physical properties, purpose and approximate percentage of material used in each of the respective applications, are presented in Table 22-4.
The information presented in Table 22-4 suggests that the major uses of recovered materials in paving can be expected to occur in the aggregate and fill replacement applications. Asphalt modifiers, Portland cement concrete admixtures and flowable fill pozzolans or initiators make up relatively small percentages of the pavement product (e.g., almost always less than 5percent). There would only be a small likelihood that these materials could result in significant environmental impacts when used in these relatively low percentages. In addition, while aggregates and fill materials are generally stored, processed, transported, blended, and placed in the open environment, asphalt modifiers, Portland cement concrete admixtures, and flowable fill pozzolans and initiators are generally stored and handled in closed containers until they are applied to the product.
Finally, incorporating waste and by-product materials into asphalt or Portland cement concrete pavements, flowable fill, or stabilized bases, or placing these materials in bases or subbases below asphalt or Portland cement concrete pavements, affords varying degrees of protection from exposure of the material(s) to the elements. The e into the adjacent environment.
Aggregate and Fill Applications and Operations
The pavement applications addressed by these guidelines, including the use of waste and by-product materials as aggregates or fill material, can be divided into five major phases: (1) aggregate storage and processing, (2) material production (e.g., asphalt concrete), (3) construction, (4) service life, and (5) postservice life
Depending on the specific application, each of these phases involves one or more operations. When waste materials are used in an application, these operations could initiate the transfer of soluble metals, soluble organics, soluble solids, dust, or volatile constituents into the environment.
The remainder of this section provides illustrated summaries of the source operations, release mechanisms, and transfer media associated with the general pavement applications listed in Table 22-4, when a waste or by-product material is used as an aggregate substitute in that application. A list of measures that could be used to mitigate many of the release mechanisms is also included.
Aggregate Storage and Processing
Aggregate storage and processing operations are common elements to almost all pavement applications considered herein. Figure 22-1 presents an illustration of potential sources and transfer mechanisms that can be expected to result from operations associated with aggregate storage and processing activities.
Figure 22-1. Storage and processing facility: operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Operations and sources of potential concern include unloading, loading, on-site transport, temporary storage, screening, and conveying. Fugitive dust emissions could be generated in all of these operations, but can be mitigated to a great extent by the use of dust suppressants (e.g., moisture control) or by enclosing the operations.
Leachate and surface runoff discharges can be expected from outdoor stockpile operations. These discharges can be mitigated by covering the stockpiles and/or enclosing the operations.
Material Production, Construction, Service Life, and Postservice Life Operations
Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement
There are two types of hot mix asphalt production facilities that are commonly used to produce hot mix asphalt concrete: (1) batch plants and (2) drum-mix plants. Figure 22-2 depicts potential sources and transfer mechanisms that may result from operations at an asphalt production facility (batch plant). A drum-mix plant will have similar pathways.
Figure 22-2. Hot mix asphalt: production operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
In batch plants, fine and coarse aggregate are first dried and then screened. The screened aggregates are deposited into storage or hot bins. Hot bins are used to temporarily store the heated and screened aggregates, which are subsequently withdrawn, in predetermined proportions, to a mixer where the aggregates are combined and mixed with the asphalt cement. Hot screening and hot aggregate storage is provided in an enclosed structure. Emissions from the aggregate dryer are routed to an air pollution control system (typically a baghouse).
In drum-mix plants, cold aggregates of predetermined size are metered on a conveyor directly into a drum dryer where the aggregates are heated and mixed with the asphalt cement. There are no hot screens or hot bins in a drum-mix plant. Emissions from the drum dryer are routed to an air pollution control system, as in a batch plant.
Operations and sources of potential concern include stockpile storage, on-site truck and front-end loader traffic, loading, unloading, and conveying. The remaining operations (e.g., drying, screening, storage, mixing) occur in enclosed structures. Emissions from these latter operations (particularly drying) are typically routed to the air pollution control system. Air pollution control requirements (e.g., particulate, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions) are defined by state air pollution control regulations.
Most of the release mechanisms at an asphalt production facility are dust related, resulting in air emissions that could affect local air quality or result in particulate deposition onto adjacent soils. Fugitive dust emissions will in most cases be a local worker environment issue, and can be mitigated using standard dust suppressant measures (e.g., moisture control).
Leachate or runoff discharges can be expected from outdoor stockpile operations, but can be mitigated by covering material stockpiles.
At a hot mix plant, there are no direct remedial methods for mitigating the release of highly volatile emissions without incorporating additional air pollution control equipment such as wet scrubbers. In most cases this may not be a practical solution. An alternative approach includes introducing materials into low-temperature zones within the facility to control the temperature of the material. In any event, the introduction of untried wastes or by-product materials that contain volatile constituents into an asphalt production facility will in most cases require testing to ensure that asphalt plant emissions do not exceed local air pollution control criteria.
Figure 22-3 depicts construction, service life, and postservice life sources and transfer mechanisms for hot mix asphalt pavement. Particle abrasion, runoff, and leaching are the primary release mechanisms that can be expected to occur during the pavement service life. Fugitive dust releases can be expected to occur during demolition, excavation, and pavement recycling operations; however, these activities are very short-lived and in most cases will have minimal impact.
Figure 22-3. Hot mix asphalt: construction, service life, and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
During the service life of the pavement, the magnitude of any releases will depend almost exclusively on the mobility factors (e.g., solubility and transfer mechanisms) associated with pavement weathering and service wear. These factors will be much more prominent in a wearing surface, which is in direct contact with the wheel load and the elements, than a base course pavement.
Cold Mix Asphalt Pavement
Cold mix production involves the storage, metering, conveying, and mixing of aggregates with a cold asphalt emulsion. Figure 22-4 depicts the potential sources and transfer mechanisms that could be expected to result from cold mix production operations.
Figure 22-4. Cold mix asphalt: production operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Operations and sources of potential concern include on-site transport, loading, unloading, and blending. These operations could result in fugitive dust emissions. Outdoor stockpiles could generate leachate, runoff discharges, and fugitive dust emissions. Potential impacts and mitigating measures are similar to those for hot mix asphalt production operations. In cold mix operations, where aggregate drying is not included in the production process, there is reduced concern over volatile emissions.
Construction, service life, and postservice life operations and exposure pathways, and specific mobility issues, are similar to the pathways illustrated in Figure 22-3 for the hot mix pavement application.
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement
The production of Portland cement (ready mix) involves operations that include temporary storage, aggregate blending, conveying, mixing, and product loading. Figure 22-5 depicts the potential sources and transfer mechanisms that could be expected to result from operations associated with a Portland cement concrete production facility.
Figure 22-5. Portland cement concrete pavement: production facility operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Most of the operations at the Portland cement production facilities and their release mechanisms and mitigating measures are similar to those at asphalt production and the aggregate storage and processing facilities. Local occupational dust exposure represents the primary potential environmental concern.
Figure 22-6 depicts construction, service life, and postservice life exposure pathways. Particle abrasion, runoff, and leaching are the primary release mechanisms that could be expected to occur during the pavement service life. Construction, service life, and postservice life mobility issues are similar to those issues addressed under the hotmix pavement review.
Figure 22-6. Portland cement concrete pavement: construction, service life and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Fugitive dust releases can be expected during demolition, excavation, and pavement recycling operations, but once again, these are short-term activities from which minimal impact is expected.
Flowable Fill
Operations associated with the production of a flowable fill product and potential exposure pathways are very similar to those operations identified in Figure 22-5 for the production of a ready mix concrete. Figure 22-7 depicts construction, service life, and postservice life operations and potential sources and release mechanisms associated with these operations.
Figure 22-7. Flowable fill: construction, service life and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Since flowable fill is normally used as a backfill material, leaching would be the primary release mechanism during the product's service life. Mobility issues will primarily depend on solubility and transport mechanisms associated with the flowable fill matrix, which should exhibit relatively low permeabilities.
Fugitive dust and leachate and runoff releases could be expected to occur during postservice life removal operations; however, these operations will be short-lived and minimal impact is expected from such operations.
Stabilized Base or Subbase
Production of a stabilized base material could occur at a central mixing facility, which would have operations similar to those outlined in Figure 22-4, for the cold mix production operation. Stabilized base production could also occur in the field where the aggregate or soil and stabilizing agent would be mixed, spread, and compacted. Figure 22-8 depicts the potential sources and transfer mechanisms that could be expected to result from field operations associated with stabilized base or subbase construction, service life, and postservice life operations.
Figure 22-8. Stabilized base: field construction service life and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Operations and sources of interest include field transport, loading, unloading, spreading, and compacting operations, all of which could generate fugitive dust emissions. Most of these fugitive dust emissions would be expected to result in localized impacts, primarily to the worker environment. Both construction and postservice life excavation operations are short-lived events and would not be expected to produce significant impacts.
Leachate discharges could occur during the service life of the material. Due to the presence of the overlying pavement, the mobility of the material or potential soluble components will be greatly reduced during the service life of the structure.
Stabilized Surface
Surface treatments involve the use of aggregates and a binder (usually asphalt cement) to assist in providing an improved pavement surface. Operations involved in the production of a surface treatment are similar to paving operations, except the aggregate would be directly exposed to the surface during the service life of the pavement structure. As a result mobility considerations take on greater importance since the product will be directly exposed to the elements and traffic.
Figure 22-9 depicts the sources and potential release mechanisms that could be expected to result from construction, service life, and postservice life operation, respectively.
Figure 22-9. Stabilized surface: field construction, service life and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Operations during the pavement service life could be expected to be a source of particle abrasion and fugitive dust, leachate, and runoff discharges.
Granular Base
Granular base construction includes aggregate unloading, placement or spreading, and compacting operations. These operations are similar to those associated with a stabilized base as shown in Figure 22-8. In the construction of a granular base, however, no stabilizing agent is added to the aggregate or aggregate blend.
Figure 22-10 depicts the sources and potential release mechanisms that could be expected to result from operations associated with granular base construction, service life, and postservice life operations, respectively.
Figure 22-10. Granular base: construction, service life and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
Operations during the short-lived construction period could generate fugitive dust emissions. During the service life of the base, leachate discharges could potentially occur, but in most cases will be mitigated by the overlying pavement. A granular base could be more readily exposed in high groundwater locations. Postservice life excavation operations of interest include excavation, temporary storage, and transport activities where fugitive dust releases and runoff and leachate discharges could occur; however, once again these short-lived operations would not be expected to produce significant impacts.
Embankments and Fills
Embankment or fill construction, service life and postservice life operations, and sources and release mechanisms that could be expected to occur from these operations, are presented in Figure 22-11.
Figure 22-11. Embankment or fill: construction, service life and postservice life operations, sources, transfer mechanisms, receptors, and mitigating measures.
During short-lived construction operations, sources of interest include transport, unloading, loading, temporary storage, spreading, and fill compaction. Fugitive dust releases could be expected in almost all of these operations. Once again the primary concern in almost all cases would be the local worker environment. Leachate and surface runoff discharges could be expected from the temporary storage operations.
During the service life of the embankment or fill, runoff, leaching, and particle abrasion could be expected. Short-lived excavation, storage, transport, and loading operations represent sources of dust, runoff, and leachate discharges. Postservice Life Recyclability Issues
Assessments of the environmental suitability of using waste and by-product material in pavement construction applications are complicated by the fact that most pavement products become new waste materials that must be disposed of or recycled after their initial service life, which generally lasts from approximately 5 to 20 years.
As a result, to examine the life cycle of a waste and by-product material in the environment, an examination must be undertaken of the potential disposition of the material after its initial service life. The present materials management strategy in most jurisdictions is to recycle as much of the excess pavement material as is economically practical. From an economic perspective, the maximum economic benefit of pavement material reuse is achieved when the pavement material is recycled into a product that will take maximum advantage of its inherent economic value. For example, concrete and hot mix aggregates are more "valuable" than granular base aggregates, which are more "valuable" than subbase aggregates, etc. As an example, the most cost-effective use for reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) may be to utilize the pavement in the production of new asphalt pavement, where the old aggregates and asphalt cement can reduce the quantity of new aggregates and asphalt cement required. Alternative uses, such as granular base, may not take advantage of the old asphalt cement present in the RAP, and therefore, this option may not represent the most cost-effective use, despite still being an important beneficial option.
In addition to this hierarchy, technical requirements (e.g., material specifications) will route excess materials to certain applications. For example, due to the asphalt present in RAP, its use in Portland cement concrete would not be advisable, and the use of embankment or fill material as an aggregate material in hot mix asphalt would probably not meet the more stringent specifications for aggregate to be used in hot mix asphalt.
Table 22-5 contains a matrix that indicates potential applications of excess materials from a demolished pavement in subsequent pavement construction. This matrix can help identify future options for evaluation.


text:
Send us your Sharpsville photos:
Sharpsville is a town in Tipton County, in the Kokomo metro area.
The community was named for E.M. Sharp, settler
The latitude of Sharpsville is 40.379N. The longitude is -86.088W.It is in the Eastern Standard time zone. Elevation is 879 feet.
The estimated population, in 2003, was 621.
Sections below provide additional information and links about Sharpsville demographics, travel and tourism, nearby airports, cemeteries, the Tipton County economy, education, environment, genealogy, government, historic sites, Kokomo area jobs, libraries, maps, museums, newspapers and other media, nonprofit groups, real estate, recreation, religion, transportation, and weather in the 46068 ZIP code.
24% of Sharpsville residents report German ancestry, and 8% report Irish. For more info on local ancestry groups, see the Sharpsville ancestry & family history guide.
Post a query on a message board:
Records & databases:
At the time of the 2000 census, the per capita income in Sharpsville was $22,480, compared with $21,587 nationally.
7% of Sharpsville residents age 25 and older have a bachelor's or advanced college degree.
Median rent in Sharpsville, at the time of the 2000 Census, was $438. Monthly homeowner costs, for people with mortgages, were $741.
Tipton County supported George W. Bush in the 2004 presidential election. For more information, see our Sharpsville political report.
The average commute time for Sharpsville workers is 20 minutes, compared with 26 minutes nationwide.
More info about Sharpsville:
Send us your corrections and additions
Search Associate's degrees, Bachelor's degrees, Master's degrees, Certificate programs, Diploma programs, and many others.
Enter your ZIP or Postal code to find schools near you. Your dream major may be just around the corner!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Michael J. Totten writes from northern Israel that he has just filed his first lengthy dispatch from the front line of the Lebanon/Israel war, including lots of photos: "Inside Hezbollah's free fire zone." He adds that he's set up in Israel and that "now that I've done that dispatches should roll in a bit more regularly." Historian Michael Oren (author of the excellent Six Days of War) makes a cameo appearance as an IDF spokesman with some discreet but revealing comments on the outcome of the war.
- Subscribe now!... Get rid of ADs!Support Power Line...VIP MembershipPresentsPower Line
Most Read on Power Line
Our Favorites
- American Greatness
- American Mind
- American Thinker
- Ann Althouse
- Belmont Club
- Churchill Project
- Claremont Institute
- Dartblog
- Federalist
- Gatestone Institute
- Hoover Institution
- Hot Air
- Hugh Hewitt
- InstaPundit
- Jewish World Review
- Legal Insurrection
- Library of Law and Liberty
- Lileks
- Lucianne
- Michael Ramirez Cartoons
- Michelle Malkin
- RealClearPolitics
- Ricochet
- Roger L. Simon
- Steyn Online
- Tim Blair
- Urgent Agenda
Subscribe to Power Line by Email
Find us on Facebook
"Arise and take our stand for freedom as in the olden time." Winston Churchill
"Proclaim Liberty throughout All the land unto All the Inhabitants Thereof." Inscription on the Liberty Bell


text:
|Photo by Hélène Péloquin
Growing up on a farm, Hélène spent long hours helping in the large vegetable garden in her home. This passion for cooking carried over to her adult life when she started her own collection of cookbooks, as well as making sure that her three children had lasting memories of what she cooked and baked at home.
Born in St-Hyacinthe, QC, but now a resident of Ottawa, she created the blog La Cuisine d'Hélène in 2006, which is a goldmine of culinary tips. If fact, if you are looking to beef up your gastronomic library, this blog is a perfect place to look for new recommendations. Her posts regularly include reviews of cookbooks, such as this collection of vegan recipes, this work of cooking and gardening tips, a list of the 150 best Ebelskiver recipes, which are traditional Danish pancakes, and a cookbook of gluten-free whole grains recipes.
|Photo by Hélène Péloquin
Hélène's also showcases her love of photography on her blog. "When I had my first real job I bought myself a Nikon with couple lenses," she writes on her site's bio. "I now shoot with a Canon Rebel T4i with a macro lens for my food photos. I much prefer to shoot digital. I still have my old camera but I don't use it anymore. Eventually I will take a photography course. I would love to improve my skills and food styling."


text:
by Gilda Davidian
My 8-year-old nephew Paul and I drove to Hollywood last weekend to participate in the Bug Fest hosted by Daniella Martin of Girl Meets Bug at Ripley's Believe It Or Not. Daniella shared information on the benefits of eating bugs (also known as entomophagy) and served a variety for tasting – including scorpions, tarantula, beetles, grasshoppers, dragonflies, crickets, mealworms, and stinkbugs. Daniella explained how insects are the most environmentally-efficient animal protein source on the planet. I tried a dragonfly per my nephew's request. It was deep fried and crunchy and a little disturbing. The experience was fun and informational and one that I won't be forgetting for a while.
Interesting facts:
– 80% of the world's cultures eat insects.
– Most edible insect species are highly nutritious.
– It is up to 20 times more efficient to raise insect protein than beef.
– The FDA allows a certain amount of insect matter to be present in most commercial foods.


text:
However, once a year, in April, the Parish Council meeting moves to Langley Village Hall, to give people living in that part of the parish a chance to have their say.
A schedule of meeting dates for the current year can be seen here -
Members of the public are welcome to attend meetings, to raise any issues they may have regarding the Parish, or to comment on agenda items. You can read the agenda for the forthcoming meeting here –
Click to download the agenda for the next meeting.
Minutes of Parish Council meetings.
Click to download the minutes from the last Parish Council meeting.


text:
Results: 2
The All-Around Self-Opening Pliers, model SW5205, are pliers designed for use by individual with arthritis or other grasping disabilities. These lightweight pliers are made of surgical stainless steel and have cushioned, contoured handles joined by a loop. The jaws close by squeezing the handles and open when the handles are released. These pliers can be used for home repair, crafts, and hobbies.
Lockable Plastic Pliers (Third Hand), model K-40, are designed for use by individuals with upper extremity disabilities. These pliers have straight handles with a locking device to hold small objects in place or hold two flat objects together. DIMENSIONS: 6.5 inches long. WEIGHT: 0.6 ounce.
print close directions


text:
The Lynn (Mass.) public school system has taken a bold stand for progressive values, and kicked student volunteer teachers from Gordon College, a local Christian school, out of their classrooms:
The Lynn public school district this week severed an 11-year partnership with Gordon College, citing the college's opposition to federal hiring protection for gays and lesbians. The move ended a partnership that had sent dozens of Gordon student volunteers into the city's public schools.
The decision by the Lynn School Committee on Thursday is the latest in a wave of backlash against the small Christian college north of Boston since school president D. Michael Lindsay signed a letter to the White House last month seeking an exemption from President Obama's executive order barring federal contractors from discriminating.
"Gordon needs to say, 'I'm sorry for the request in the letter,' " School Committee member Charlie N. Gallo said at the committee's meeting, according to a video recording of the session.
It "shouldn't be incumbent upon Lynn public schools to train people in Gordon College not to discriminate," said Gallo, who introduced the resolution ending the relationship.
Supporters of the decision to end the relationship between Lynn schools and Gordon said the college's request for an exemption from the antidiscrimination order amounted to a civil rights violation and called for severing ties immediately. Others on the School Committee were more circumspect, arguing the school system couldn't afford to end the partnership at a time when resources are strained.
Well done, Lynn! Your town is cutting the budgets of some government departments to try to pay for the influx of illegal immigrants into the public schools. Budgets for public safety took a big hit. One of your school board members said before the Gordon College vote:
Coppola praised Gordon for working with the school Department when "many colleges haven't worked to build ties with us."
But Ford said he would only change his vote to cut ties with the school if Lindsay "is removed by saner people."
"It's very important to send a message to a gentleman who said discrimination is OK," Ford said.
Message sent. Now, the overwhelmed Lynn schools will have fewer personnel to teach the rising number of kids in the classroom. Look for more budget cuts to other city programs, I suppose. All because of a letter the Gordon College president wrote petitioning the government. All because the liberal Puritans of Massachusetts cannot abide
witches traditional Christians.
Error has no rights.


text:
Are You Paying Enough Attention to Mobile Advertising?
Before I start this article, allow me to greet you Happy New Year this 2012 year of the black water dragon. This year will bring prosperity according to astrologers and specially those who believes in Chinese astrology. And those businesses that relates to water will have a good chance to succeed unlike those connected with fire. Anyway so much for that topic, what I want to emphasize now is the business trends regarding marketing and advertising. Since the internet popularity explodes, with it, online advertising was introduced and in no time it was accepted as one of the means to market and advertise a business. In my observation and also those who were knowledgeable on online advertising know very well that the ads network Google Adwords (when Google also introduced Adsense) revived the online advertising after the dotcom bubble burst in 2000 (March 2000 to October 2002). I'm not sure if I'm 100% correct but that is how I observed it. Google introduced Adsense on June 2003 that enables small publishers to participate and I think it is no coincidence that after launching Adsense the online advertising industry was standing on it's feet again.
Compared to traditional advertising: print media and television commercials, online advertising was cheaper and more cost effective because you can track your advertising expenditures, ads behavior like banner clicks and impressions and other detailed information. Yes online advertising was a great invention and tool for businesses but since the dawn of the internet, computers was the only device capable of browsing websites. And only a few years ago that mobile phones can now be used to access the internet. Yes of course there is an internet device also invented a few years ago and that is the tablet like the Apple iPad, Samsung Galaxy and others I didn't mentioned. So aside from traditional online advertising, are you also paying attention to mobile advertising? According to the survey of emarketer.com, the time spent on mobile increased to 30% from 2010 to 2011. More than the time spent on reading newspapers and magazines combined.
So are you ready to explore mobile advertising? you can try Google Mobile Ads.


text:
|Current Title
|28 Aug 1983
|Bishop Hervé Itoua
|Bishop Emeritus of Ouesso
|28 Aug 1983
|Archbishop Anatole Milandou
|Archbishop of Brazzaville
|5 Sep 1987
|Beniamino Cardinal Stella
|Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy, Roman Curia
|16 Sep 1990
|Bishop Bernard Nsayi
|Bishop Emeritus of Nkayi
|6 Jan 1993
|Archbishop Diego Causero
|Apostolic Nuncio Emeritus to Switzerland
|22 Apr 1995
|Bishop Jean-Claude Makaya Loembe
|Bishop Emeritus of Pointe-Noire
|6 Jan 1997
|Archbishop Luigi Pezzuto
|Apostolic Nuncio to Bosnia-Herzegovina
|6 Jan 2002
|Bishop Daniel Mizonzo
|Bishop of Nkayi
|6 Jan 2002
|Bishop Louis Portella Mbuyu
|Bishop of Kinkala
|7 Oct 2004
|Archbishop Andrés Carrascosa Coso
|Apostolic Nuncio to Ecuador
|7 Sep 2008
|Bishop Yves Marie Monot, C.S.Sp.
|Bishop of Ouesso
|30 Apr 2009
|Archbishop Jan Romeo Pawłowski
|Official of the Secretariat of State, Roman Curia
|26 Mar 2011
|Bishop Victor Abagna Mossa
|Bishop of Owando
|26 Mar 2011
|Bishop Jean Charles Émile Gardin, C.S.Sp.
|Bishop of Impfondo
|21 Apr 2013
|Bishop Urbain Ngassongo
|Bishop of Gamboma
|28 Apr 2013
|Bishop Miguel Ángel Olaverri Arroniz, S.D.B.
|Bishop of Pointe-Noire
|25 Aug 2013
|Bishop Bienvenu Manamika Bafouakouahou
|Bishop of Dolisie
|28 May 2016
|Archbishop Francisco Gerardo Escalante Molina
|Apostolic Nuncio to Congo, Republic of
Home |
Countries |
Religious Orders |
Popes |
Holy See |
Roman Curia |
Cardinals by Rank
|About Catholic-Hierarchy
|Terminology/Site Help
|Copyright David M. Cheney, 1996-2019
Code: web_d, v3.2.8, 23 Apr 2019; Data: 25 May 2019


text:
Mark Powell
Mark Powell
Mark Powell has been called the " best Appalachian novelist of his generation" by Ron Rash, and a writer "on the verge of greatness" by Pat Conroy. He is the author of five novels, including his most recent, Small Treasons from Simon & Schuster. Powell has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts, the Breadloaf and Sewanee Writers' Conferences, and in 2014 was a Fulbright Fellow to Slovakia. In 2009 he received the Chaffin Award for contributions to Appalachian literature. He holds degrees from Yale Divinity School, the University of South Carolina, and the Citadel. He lives in the mountains of North Carolina where he teaches at Appalachian State University.
Photo credit: Pete Duval


text:
Sunday, February 18, 1-5pm
At 516 ARTS; 516 Central Ave SW, Albuquerque
FEE: $75 / $70 members (includes materials)
REGISTER: 505-242-1445, firstname.lastname@example.com
Join guest artist and fourth generation shoemaker, Pilar Agüero-Esparza in a hands-on workshop in which participants design and make leather huaraches, a contemporary Mexican sandal with pre-Columbian origins. Participants will learn basic leather working and weaving techniques to create their very own pair of sandals! Originally from Boyle Heights in East Los Angeles, Agüero-Esparza was exposed to the potential and richness of materials and the love of the hand-made working with her parents in their shoe repair shop. She received a BA in Art from the University of California Santa Cruz, and MFA from San Jose State University. Agüero-Esparza has been an active artist, arts educator and arts administrator in the Bay Area exhibiting her work in numerous institutions.
Image: Pilar Agüero-Esparza, Tiburón


text:
Asher Levine's natural fascination with fashion design quickly emerged, and in 2006 Asher moved to New York City to pursue a Managerial Entrepreneurship degree from Pace University. His experimental outfits were adapted by many nightlife personalities and could be seen across the New York underground club circuit. Debuting his Fall/Winter 2010 collection shortly after his graduation, he also took on projects with prominent performance artists to create truly unique outfits, for Lady Gaga, Black Eyed Peas and Johnny Weir. Since graduating Asher has continued to expanding his brand and showing his Spring/Summer 2011 and Fall/Winter 2011 collection during New York Fashion Week.
Asher Levine's unique design aesthetic seeks to evaluate and challenge the industry's standardized corporal limitations on the human figure.
Asher Levine will be travelling to London to display his collection for Fall/Winter 2011 on the 14th of April until the 19th.


text:
Mini-Encyclopedia of Papermaking Wet-End
Additives and Ingredients, their Composition, Functions, Strategies for Use
Composition: Bentonite is a common name for the anionic smectite clay minerals used by papermakers as a retention and drainage additive or "microparticle." Under the scanning electron microscope (SEM), bentonite particles can be almost indistinguishable from kaolin filler clay or coating clay. The main difference is the thickness. The sodium or potassium salts of bentonite exfoliate into extremely thin plates. In theory these plates can be as little as about 1 nm in thickness, yielding a huge surface area per unit mass. In practice, not all of the platelets will become separated from each other.
Functions: Retention and drainage (if added after or before a cationic retention aid); pitch control (if used in combination with highly charged cationic polymers).
Strategies for Use: First let us consider the role of bentonite as a retention and drainage promoter. Following the patented technology of Ciba Specialty Chemicals, bentonite added downstream of a cationic polyacrylamide retention aid causes a marked improvement in dewatering. Best results are achieved when sufficient very-high-mass cationic polymer (e.g. cationic acrylamide) has been added or is about to be added downstream so that the furnish momentarily has a net cationic charge. If the furnish has a high level of anionic dissolved and colloidal materials, then it makes sense to first treat the stock with a highly charged cationic material to neutralize most of this excess charge. The high aspect ratio of bentonite means that it has significant ability to bridge between different particles or fibers covered by the cationic polymer. That explains why bentonite tends to be very effective for retention, as well as for improving drainage. Patented technology from Vinings, Inc. shows that bentonite can be used in combination with highly cationic polymers for adsorption and detackification of pitch.
Cautions: When handling dry materials it is important to take proper precautions against airborne dust.
|The length-to-thickness ratio of fully exfoliated sodium montmorillonite is about 500 to 1.
PLEASE NOTE: Users of the information contained on these pages assume complete responsibility to make sure that their practices are safe and do not infringe upon an existing patent. There has been no attempt here to give full safety instructions or to make note of all relevant patents governing the use of additives. Please send corrections if you find errors or points that need better clarification.
This page is maintained by Martin Hubbe, Associate Professor of Wood and Paper Science, NC State University, email@example.com .


text:
Hey guys! Long time no see.. I promise I've got a good excuse for not blogging for an entire month. I've been travelling! Yesterday, I got back from four weeks overseas visiting Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and Bali – it was incredible. This post is gonna be a bit of a round up but don't worry – there is plenty more travel content coming your way soon. So, what exactly happened this past month?
I travelled Laos and Cambodia with Contiki and it was the most insane 10 days of my life. The people I travelled with were incredible (if you're reading this, please come to NZ – I miss you all) and I definitely feel like I experienced things I wouldn't have if I had travelled these countries alone. If you're considering a Contiki I can 100% recommend them and would totally travel with them again.
I think out of the whole trip I liked Laos the most as a whole but Hoi An and Hanoi were my favourite cities. Laos is like an untouched paradise, tourists don't flock there as much as other countries in Asia and although the hotel situation kinda reflects this, there's something a little bit more charming about a country that doesn't cater solely to tourists.
Kayaking in Halong Bay, Vietnam and the view from Titop Island, Vietnam
Vietnam was a weird one, I LOVED two places and didn't like the other two so much and Halong Bay was a weird experience. Nha Trang is like any regular city and doesn't have much charm. There are a few cool places to eat and a beach but apart from that, I wouldn't recommend more than a day or two if you're in the area. Hue was a bit boring. I booked myself on a tour and spent 10 hours either on a bus or wandering round a temple. Don't get me wrong, I love history and temples but 10 hours is slightly excessive. Hoi An was incredible. Loved it, if you're ever in the area you have to take a cooking class and visit Reaching Out Teahouse. The markets there are really good too! Halong Bay was absolutely stunning but so overrun with tourists (me included lol). The stairs to the top of Titop mountain were borderline dangerous because of all the selfie sticks and people pushing their way to the top and the line for Amazing Cave was literally 40 minutes long. There was a lot of trash floating in the water and the boats were all letting off a lot of smoke – it's pretty sad to see such a beautiful place get ruined like that. Hanoi = great shopping and quirky cafes. If you're heading there check out The Note Coffee (a cafe covered in post-it notes from strangers around the world) and check out the markets for all the designer dupes you can dream of.
A mama feeding her baby in Ubud, Bali and Kuang Si falls in Luang Prabang, Laos
Bali was a spontaneous birthday treat because the weather in Northern Vietnam was going to be bad and I didn't fancy getting stuck in the mountains. I went to Ubud for some relaxation met two incredible girls who were also solo travellers. We spent a few days together and two of us got matching tattoos. We clicked instantly and I miss them already!
So, what next? You tell me world! I guess I need to get a job but until then – I can spend my time off blogging and unpacking right? Do you have any travel plans this year? Tell me about them in the comments!
Thanks for reading!
Love, Lyd x


text:
Gallery Home
Artchive home
Oil Painting Reproductions
Custom Portraits
Sir William Quiller-Orchardson
St Helena 1816 Napoleon dictating to Count Las Cases the Account of his Campaigns
To Order a 100% Handmade Oil Painting Reproduction of this painting, Click Here!
Artist Name:
Sir William Quiller-Orchardson
Painting Title:
St Helena 1816 Napoleon dictating to Count Las Cases the Account of his Campaigns
F o l l o w i n g i m a g e s:
The Story of a Life reproduction
The Queen of the Swords 1877 reproduction
The First Cloud 1887 reproduction
The Market Girl From The Lido reproduction
The Salon of Madame de Recamier reproduction
Treasure Trove 1875 reproduction
The Four Generations Windsor Castle 1899 reproduction
The Flowers of the Forest 1864 reproduction
R e l a t e d r e p r o d u c t i o n s:
Paul Hermann:
Decore reproduction
James Jacques Joseph Tissot:
Reading The News reproduction
Camille Pissarro:
Young Woman and Child at the Well reproduction
(after) Holbein the Younger, Hans:
Death comes for the Preacher reproduction
Camille Pissarro:
Julien Tanguy reproduction
Order custom, handmade oil paintings on canvas from www.1st-art-gallery.com!
Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec:
A Box At The Theater reproduction
James Northcote, R.A.:
The entry of Richard II and Bolingbroke into London reproduction
Back to previous page
Sir William Quiller-Orchardson Index
Gallery Home
Search Handmade Oil Paintings From 1st-art-gallery.com:
- 100% Handmade Oil Painting Reproductions From Just $165!


text:
Human Rights Law Resources
A Guide to Turkish Public Law and Legal Research
This article from Dr. Serap Yazici provides an overview of the constitutional and legal order of the Republic of Turkey, discussing fundamental rights under the constitution, the political branches and other institutions, sources of Turkish law, as well as recent constitutional amendments.
Comments (0)
Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (1982)
The Constitution of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası), also known as the Constitution of 1982, is Turkey's fundamental law. It establishes the organisation of the government and sets out the principles and rules of the state's conduct along with its responsibilities towards its citizens.Languages: Turkish
Comments (0)
The Impact of Fundamentalism and Extremism on Cultural Rights: Report by the Special Rapporteur in t
This page provides information regarding the relation between cultural rights and this struggle between fundamentalism and extremism.
Comments (0)


text:
One of Kyoto's largest antiquarian book fairs is about to kick off.
It will be held in the grounds of Chionji Temple, which is a ten minute walk from Demachiyanagi.
The fair is open from October 31 - November 4, daily from 10 am until 5 pm.
The Autumn Used Book Fair (Aki-no-Furuhon Matsuri) is one of the three annual book fairs in Kyoto. There will be about 200,000 used and rare books.
It is a good day out, even for those who do not read Japanese.
The temple is on Imadegawa Street across from the campus of Kyoto University.
Contact (in Japanese): 080-6141-7925
© CycleKyoto.com
Tags Japan Touring Kyoto Cycle Japanese


text:
Dallas, Texas (PRWEB) October 11, 2013
In an effort to further-educate the public on the legal considerations and frequency of car accidents in Dallas & Fort Worth, Rasansky Law Firm has launched a brand-new version of our car accident news & information blog.
With this re-launch, we hope to engage our visitors in hopes of removing some of the negative stigma that's associated with the topic of filing a lawsuit after an automobile accident.
Attorney Jeffrey Rasansky has been practicing personal injury law professionally for almost a quarter-century. In this time, he's helped countless auto accident victims recover compensation following an injury accident, as well as those who have lost a family member in a fatal accident.
Take a moment to browse http://www.dallascarcrash.com/ - We hope you'll find it informative and east to navigate. Follow us on Twitter for more car accident news!


text:
Marilyn D. Ross
Marilyn D. Ross
Board Secretary
120 S. LaSalle St., Ste. 900
Chicago, IL 60603
Marilyn D. Ross, who is active with the YWCA Metropolitan Chicago, specializing in children and childcare, has been a member of the LAF Board since 1999. She is involved with LAF because it makes a difference in the lives of so many people of all walks of life. If it was not for LAF, most of these people would not be able to get back on their feet and become productive members of the communities in which they live.


text:
|Jepson Flora Project: Jepson Interchange
previous taxon |
next taxon
Jepson Interchange (more information)
©Copyright 1993 by the Regents of the University of California
Annual to tree
Leaves simple to pinnately to palmately compound, generally alternate; stipules free to fused, persistent to deciduous
Inflorescence: cyme, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary
Flower generally bisexual, radial; hypanthium free or fused to ovary, saucer- to funnel-shaped, often with bractlets alternate with sepals; sepals generally 5; petals generally 5, free; stamens (0)5many, pistils (0)1many, simple or compound; ovary superior to inferior, styles 15
Fruit: achene, follicle, drupe, pome, or blackberry- to raspberry-like
Seeds generally 15
Genera in family: 110 genera, ± 3000 species: worldwide, especially temp. Many cultivated for ornamental and fruit, especially Cotoneaster , Fragaria , Malus , Prunus , Pyracantha, Rosa , and Rubus
Reference: [Robertson 1974 J Arnold Arbor 55:303332,344401,611662]
Family description, key to genera by Barbara Ertter and Dieter H. Wilken.
Perennial, glandular; odor resinous
Leaves generally basal, odd-1-pinnate, generally ± cylindric; cauline reduced; leaflets generally overlapped, generally divided ± to base
Inflorescence: cyme
Flower: hypanthium shallow or deep; bractlets (0)5, generally < sepals; sepals generally 5; petals generally 5, acute to rounded; stamens generally < or = 20; pistils 1many, ovaries superior, style jointed below fruit tip, base ± rough-thickened
Fruit: achene
Species in genus: 30 species: w North America
Etymology: (E. Ives, Yale Univ. pharmacologist, 17791861)
Reference: [Ertter 1989 Syst Bot 14:231244]
Lf and leaflet data are for basal leaves.
Plant rosetted or tufted, silvery-hairy; caudex generally simpleSee the CNPS Inventory for information about endangerment and rarity.
Stem ± decumbent, 1020 cm
Leaf generally 48 cm; sheathing bases densely strigose; leaflets 2535 per side, lobes ± 3, generally 23 mm, elliptic to obovoid; cauline leaves ± 2
Inflorescence: clusters 1several, 1020 mm wide, loosely head-like, < 20-flowered; pedicel < 3 mm (except lowest), ± straight
Flower ± 10 mm wide; hypanthium length = width; petals 24 mm, obovate, white, > sepals; stamens 20, filaments ± flat (unique in Ivesia ); pistils 48
Fruit 22.5 mm, smooth, brown
Ecology: Pebble plains
Elevation: 20002300 m.
Bioregional distribution: San Bernardino Mountains
Distribution outside California: n Baja California (where perhaps distinct)


text:
Indoor Air Quality
Ventilation is an important part of improving your indoor air quality. Bathroom, kitchen, and attic exhaust fans and running your heating and cooling equipment in vent mode can help remove pollutants from the air. Also changing your air filters regularly helps clean out the trapped dust, allergens and pet dander that circulates through the air in your ducting and home. We offer products and services to help improve the air quality in your home.
Air Duct Cleaning
The Puget Sound is a wet and beautiful place teeming with pollen, mildew and mold. Many people and businesses sometimes forget that they should have their air ducts cleaned. A variety of bacteria accumulates in your air duct system such as dust, dust mites, pet dander, mold, asbestos, e-coli, Salmonella, MRSA, and several other pollutants. Breathing these harmful bacteria can cause and aggravate allergies and even worse, cause major respiratory problems and illnesses especially in children. Removing debris and cobwebs eases airflow and increases the efficiency of your HVAC system, in extreme cases as much as 40%. This helps your system not work as hard and makes your home more efficient.
The cleaning process should be done by a professional using specialized equipment designed exclusively for air duct cleaning. Morehart Heating and Air not only cleans the ducts, we also sanitize with E.P.A. approved products. This kills bacteria, virus, mold spores, fungus, and dust mites. Air duct cleaning also saves the homeowner or business owner money by improved efficiency of your cooling and heating systems. After cleaning, a high efficiency* electrostatic filter will collect up to 95% of the airborne contaminants before they can enter your air handling system. A residential air duct cleaning job takes just a few hours and it's very affordable.
Dryer Vent Cleaning
Dirty dryer vents are the number one cause of household fires in the US. Regular cleaning of your dryer vents is one of the most important things you can do for the safety of your home.
Our dryer vent cleaning service is an affordable way to help your dryer operate more efficiently to save on electric bills. Plus it gives you the peace of mind that you reduced the risk of a fire in your home significantly.
Air Duct Repair
You can extend the life of your heating system and increase indoor air comfort with proper ductwork and ventilation in your home or business.
Morehart Heating and Air handles repair, installation and maintenance of air ducts and ventilation systems. The condition of your ductwork and ventilation system contributes to your energy costs as well as personal health and comfort levels.
Puget Sound Air Duct Facts
- Leaky ductwork can waste 10-30% of your home's heating costs
- If your ducts lose 20% of their airflow, efficiency decreases by 50%
- Inefficient ductwork reduces heating system efficiency as the system runs longer and more often
- Fresh air intakes create healthier indoor air
- Mold and mildew can accumulate if your vent piping succumbs to corrosion
- Duct work separations and small cracks leak heat and allow moisture to corrode ducts as well as debris to enter the system.
Air duct repair, installation and replacement services:
- Additional ductwork runs for home remodels
- Repair of leaky ductwork
- Complete duct renovations
- Supply and return register replacements
We provide fast, mostly same day ductwork and ventilation repair as well as troubleshooting, upfront pricing and clean, courteous technicians. Call and make an appointment that's convenient for you. Our technicians will show up on time, listen to your needs, make recommendations and prepare pricing by the job, not by the hour, so there are no surprises. Contact Morehart Heating and Air today.


text:
Looking for full-time content writing rockstar
Költségvetés $2-8 USD / óra
Hey there,
We are looking for a great content writer to research and write about web & graphic design and online marketing.
I'll be giving you a summary of what a new blog post is about and you go research about it, find great points and write a great blog post on it (around 2000 words).
Please only apply if you maintain an active blog for yourself. Others will be ignored. and please include the best 3 blog posts (2000 words around) that you've written (links).
Looking forward.
Add "DTC" in your application to be considered.
Thank you.
8 szabadúszó tett átlagosan $5/óra árajánlatot erre a munkára
Hi, I have read your instructions thoroughly. Please message me to discuss further details of the project. My services: Plag free Premium Copyscape Pro Quetext checked Perfect grammar Kindly check my live li Több
DTC Hello there................... am doing this under the low pay with the best quality am to satisfy you. Am ready to begin immediately
I've worked several research articles and creative writings too. And I currently write blog posts. I'll deliver excellent articles and on time too. Relevant Skills and Experience -research writing -creative writing -c Több
I can work full time for your job and can research on multiple topics. I have vast knowledge in variety of topics from Cryptocurrency to politics. Relevant Skills and Experience I have work for multiple magazines in m Több


text:
To contribute to this site, see above menu item "About".
These transcriptions may contain human errors.
As always, confirm these, as you would any other source material.
Will of Patrick Emanuel Woodford
In re Patrick Woodford deceased
Last Will and Testament of Patrick Emanuel Woodford Harbor Main, Newfoundland. I Patrick Emanuel Woodford of Hr Main, Newfoundland being of sound mind and understanding, do make this my last Will and Testament, revoking all former wills made by me, and in the event of my death do hereby bequeath and leave to my wife Bridget Woodford Harbor Main, Newfoundland, all that I possess to be hers and her heirs forever.
Dated at Harbor Main this sixth day of September in the year of our Lord 1919. Given under my hand and seal this 6th day of September A.D.1919 and in the presence of us. P. E. Woodford. 1st witness John Woodford Hr Main Newfoundland. 2nd witness Albert Woodford.
Correct William F. Lloyd
(Listed in the margin next to this will the following)
|Note: The wills in those will books are NOT actual wills.
They are hand-written copies of a, "last will and testament," written
by the court clerk, after the death of the testator, when the executor
presented them to the court for probate. The court clerk didn't list
the signatures at the bottom, he (or she) just put them in the book
in whatever order they were in, on the original document, no spacing
most of the time, no punctuation. The originals were kept by the executor.
We who have typed these wills, have made every effort to include all the errors that were on the microfilm, in order to avoid destroying the integrity of the originals, where ever they may be.
Page contributed by Judy Benson, Alana Bennett, Wendy Weller and Eric Weller
Revised: October 29, 2001 (Ivy F. Benoit)
Newfoundland's Grand Banks is a non-profit endeavor.
No part of this project may be reproduced in any form
for any purpose other than personal use.
JavaScript DHTML Menu Powered by Milonic
© Newfoundland's Grand Banks (1999-2019)
Hosted by
Your Community, Online!


text:
Malefica quaedam auguriatrix in Anglia fuit, quam demones horribiliter extraxerunt, et imponentes super equum terribilem, per aera rapuerunt; Clamoresque terribiles (ut ferunt) per quatuor ferme miliaria audiebantur.
Nuremb. Chron.
ON the lone bleak moor,
At the midnight hour,
Beneath the Gallows Tree,
Hand in hand
The Murderers stand
By one, by two, by three!
And the Moon that night
With a grey, cold light
Each baleful object tips;
One half of her form
Is seen through the storm,
The other half 's hid in Eclipse!
And the cold Wind howls,
And the Thunder growls,
And the Lightning is broad and bright;
And altogether
It 's very bad weather,
And an unpleasant sort of a night!
'Now mount who list,
And close by the wrist
Sever me quickly the Dead Man's fist! —
Now climb who dare
Where he swings in air,
And pluck me five locks of the Dead Man's hair!'
. . .
There 's an old woman dwells upon Tappington Moor,
She hath years on her back at the least fourscore,
And some people fancy a great many more;
Her nose it is hook'd,
Her back it is crook'd,
Her eyes blear and red:
On the top of her head
Is a mutch, and on that
A shocking bad hat,
Extinguisher-shaped, the brim narrow and flat!
Then, — My Gracious! — her beard! — it would sadly perplex
A spectator at first to distinguish her sex;
Nor, I'll venture to say, without scrutiny could be
Pronounce her, off-handed, a Punch or a Judy.
Did you see her, in short, that mud-hovel within,
With her knees to her nose, and her nose to her chin,
Leering up with that queer, indescribable grin,
You'd lift up your hands in amazement, and cry,
' — Well! — I never did see such a regular Guy!'
And now before
That old Woman's door,
Where nought that 's good may be,
Hand in hand
The Murderers stand
By one, by two, by three!
Oh! 'tis a horrible sight to view,
In that horrible hovel, that horrible crew,
By the pale blue glare of that flickering flame,
Doing the deed that hath never a name!
'Tis awful to hear
Those words of fear!
The prayer mutter'd backwards, and said with a sneer!
(Matthew Hopkins himself has assured us that when
A witch says her prayers, she begins with 'Amen.') —
— ' Tis awful to see
On that Old Woman's knee
The dead, shrivell'd hand, as she clasps it with glee! —
And now, with care,
The five locks of hair
From the skull of the Gentleman dangling up there,
With the grease and the fat
Of a black Tom Cat
She hastens to mix,
And to twist into wicks,
And one on the thumb, and each finger to fix. —
(For another receipt the same charm to prepare,
Consult Mr Ainsworth and Petit Albert.)
'Now open lock
To the Dead Man's knock!
Fly bolt, and bar, and band!
— Nor move, nor swerve
Joint, muscle, or nerve,
At the spell of the Dead Man's hand!
Sleep all who sleep! — Wake all who wake! —
But be as the Dead for the Dead Man's sake!!'
. . .
All is silent! all is still,
Save the ceaseless moan of the bubbling rill
As it wells from the bosom of Tappington Hill.
And in Tappington Hall
Great and Small,
Gentle and Simple, Squire and Groom,
Each one hath sought his separate room,
And sleep her dark mantle hath o'er them cast,
For the midnight hour hath long been past!
All is darksome in earth and sky,
Save, from yon casement, narrow and high,
A quivering beam
On the tiny stream
Plays, like some taper's fitful gleam
By one that is watching wearily.
Within that casement, narrow and high,
In his secret lair, where none may spy,
Sits one whose brow is wrinkled with care,
And the thin grey locks of his failing hair
Have left his little bald pate all bare;
For his full-bottom'd wig
Hangs, bushy and big,
On the top of his old-fashion'd, high-back'd chair.
Unbraced are his clothes,
Ungarter'd his hose,
His gown is bedizen'd with tulip and rose,
Flowers of remarkable size and hue,
Flowers such as Eden never knew;
— And there, by many a sparkling heap
Of the good red gold,
The tale is told
What powerful spell avails to keep
That careworn man from his needful sleep!
Haply, he deems no eye can see
As he gloats on his treasure greedily, —
The shining store
Of glittering ore,
The fair Rose–Noble, the bright Moidore,
And the broad Double–Joe from beyond the sea, —
But there's one that watches as well as he;
For, wakeful and sly,
In a closet hard by
On his truckle bed lieth a little Foot-page,
A boy who 's uncommonly sharp of his age,
Like young Master Horner,
Who erst in a corner
Sat eating a Christmas pie:
And, while that Old Gentleman's counting his hoards,
Little Hugh peeps through a crack in the boards!
. . .
There 's a voice in the air,
There 's a step on the stair,
The old man starts in his cane-back'd chair;
At the first faint sound
He gazes around,
And holds up his dip of sixteen to the pound.
Then half arose
From beside his toes
His little pug-dog with his little pug nose,
But, ere he can vent one inquisitive sniff,
That little pug-dog stands stark and stiff,
For low, yet clear,
Now fall on the ear,
— Where once pronounced for ever they dwell, —
The unholy words of the Dead Man's spell!
'Open lock
To the Dead Man's knock!
Fly bolt, and bar, and band! —
Nor move, nor swerve,
Joint, muscle, or nerve,
At the spell of the Dead Man's hand!
Sleep all who sleep! — Wake all who wake! —
But be as the Dead for the Dead Man's sake!'
Now lock, nor bolt, nor bar avails,
Nor stout oak panel thick-studded with nails.
Heavy and harsh the hinges creak,
Though they had been oil'd in the course of the week,
The door opens wide as wide may be,
And there they stand,
That murderous band,
Lit by the light of the GLORIOUS HAND,
By one! — by two! — by three!
They have pass'd through the porch, they have pass'd through the hall,
Where the Porter sat snoring against the wall;
The very snore froze,
In his very snub nose,
You'd have verily deem'd he had snored his last
When the Glorious HAND by the side of him pass'd!
E'en the little wee mouse, as it ran o'er the mat
At the top of its speed to escape from the cat,
Though half dead with affright,
Paused in its flight;
And the cat that was chasing that little wee thing
Lay crouch'd as a statue in act to spring!
And now they are there,
On the head of the stair,
And the long crooked whittle is gleaming and bare,
— I really don't think any money would bribe
Me the horrible scene that ensued to describe,
Or the wild, wild glare
Of that old man's eye,
His dumb despair,
And deep agony.
The kid from the pen, and the lamb from the fold,
Unmoved may the blade of the butcher behold;
They dream not — ah, happier they! — that the knife,
Though uplifted, can menace their innocent life;
It falls; — the frail thread of their being is riven,
They dread not, suspect not, the blow till 'tis given. —
But, oh! what a thing 'tis to see and to know
That the bare knife is raised in the hand of the foe,
Without hope to repel, or to ward off the blow! —
— Enough! — let 's pass over as fast as we can
The fate of that grey, that unhappy old man!
But fancy poor Hugh,
Aghast at the view,
Powerless alike to speak or to do!
In vain doth be try
To open the eye
That is shut, or close that which is clapt to the chink,
Though he'd give all the world to be able to wink! —
No! — for all that this world can give or refuse,
I would not be now in that little boy's shoes,
Or indeed any garment at all that is Hugh's!
— ' Tis lucky for him that the chink in the wall
He has peep'd through so long, is so narrow and small.
Wailing voices, sounds of woe
Such as follow departing friends,
That fatal night round Tappington go,
Its long-drawn roofs and its gable ends:
Ethereal Spirits, gentle and good,
Aye weep and lament o'er a deed of blood.
. . .
'Tis early dawn — the morn is grey,
And the clouds and the tempest have pass'd away,
And all things betoken a very fine day;
But, while the lark her carol is singing,
Shrieks and screams are through Tappington ringing!
Upstarting all,
Great and small
Each one who 's found within Tappington Hall,
Gentle and Simple, Squire or Groom,
All seek at once that old Gentleman's room;
And there, on the floor,
Drench'd in its gore,
A ghastly corpse lies exposed to the view,
Carotid and jugular both cut through!
And there, by its side,
'Mid the crimson tide,
Kneels a little Foot-page of tenderest years;
Adown his pale cheek the fast-falling tears
Are coursing each other round and big,
And he 's staunching the blood with a full-bottom'd wig!
Alas! and alack for his staunching! — 'tis plain,
As anatomists tell us, that never again
Shall life revisit the foully slain,
When once they've been cut through the jugular vein.
. . .
There's a hue and a cry through the County of Kent,
And in chase of the cut-throats a Constable's sent,
But no one can tell the man which way they went:
There's a little Foot-page with that Constable goes,
And a little pug-dog with a little pug nose.
In Rochester town,
At the sign of the Crown,
Three shabby-genteel men are just sitting down
To a fat stubble-goose, with potatoes done brown;
When a little Foot-page
Rushes in, in a rage,
Upsetting the apple-sauce, onions, and sage.
That little Foot-page takes the first by the throat,
And a little pug-dog takes the next by the coat,
And a Constable seizes the one more remote;
And fair rose-nobles and broad moidores,
The Waiter pulls out of their pockets by scores,
And the Boots and the Chambermaids run in and stare;
And the Constable says, with a dignified air,
'You're wanted, Gen'lemen, one and all,
For that 'ere precious lark at Tappington Hall!'
There 's a black gibbet frowns upon Tappington Moor,
Where a former black gibbet has frown'd before:
It is as black as black may be,
And murderers there
Are dangling in air,
By one! — by two! — by three!
There 's a horrid old hag in a steeple-crown'd hat,
Round her neck they have tied to a hempen cravat
A Dead Man's hand, and a dead Tom Cat!
They have tied up her thumbs, they have tied up her toes,
They have tied up her eyes, they have tied up her limbs!
Into Tappington mill-dam souse she goes,
With a whoop and a halloo! — 'She swims! — She swims!'
They have dragg'd her to land,
And every one's hand
Is grasping a faggot, a billet, or brand,
When a queer-looking horseman, drest all in black,
Snatches up that old harridan just like a sack
To the crupper behind him, puts spurs to his hack,
Makes a dash through the crowd, and is off in a crack!
No one can tell,
Though they guess pretty well,
Which way that grim rider and old woman go,
For all see he 's a sort of infernal Ducrow;
And she scream'd so, and cried,
We may fairly decide
That the old woman did not much relish her ride!
This truest of stories confirms beyond doubt
That truest of adages — ' Murder will out!'
In vain may the blood-spiller 'double' and fly,
In vain even witchcraft and sorcery try:
Although for a time he may 'scape, by-and-by
He'll be sure to be caught by a Hugh and a Cry!
One story follows another as naturally as one 'shoulder of mutton' is said to 'drive another down.' A little Welsh girl, who sometimes makes her way from the kitchen into the nursery, after listening with intense interest to this tale, immediately started off at score with the sum and substance of what, with due reverence for such authority, I shall call —
Last updated Sunday, March 27, 2016 at 11:56


text:
Florida Woman Arrested for Using Tire Sealant as "Butt Booster"
Plastic surgery is out of control and people will do anything for a cheap fix. If you don't believe us, allow us explain the story of a Florida woman who tried to give another woman more "junk in her trunk" by using products that probably came from her actual trunk.
Oneal Ron Morris (pictured above), who was born a man but who identifies as a woman, faces charges of practicing medicine without a license and causing bodily harm for making a bizarre mixture of glue, cement, super glue, mineral oil and Fix-a-Flat tire sealant into a homemade "buttocks enhancer."
The unidentified victim went to Morris back in May of 2010 for some cheap cosmetic surgery. For $700, Morris agreed to give the woman a series of injections to help enhance her modest frame. The injections caused "severe complications" including serious pain throughout her body, a drug-resistant infection and pneumonia. The victim visited a hospital for treatment but refused to explain the possible cause of her symptoms and eventually left the facility before the state health department could interview her. It took authorities almost a year to figure out what happened.
Hopefully this will all be covered by the victim's medical or auto insurance.
[ABC News via Boing Boing]


text:
EXCLUSIVE BROKERAGE TO SHARM EL SHEIKH REAL ESTATE The only and last chance to buy a property beachfront resort ready to move in with 50% contracting deposit and installments over 18 months on grounds of a 4 stars operational hotel with a free access to the beach and use hotel facilities and enjoying 25% discount on food, beverage, SPA and Aqua Park. Superbly located within the beachfront and self-contained grounds of the Tropicana Sea Beach hotel complex, the NUBIA SHARM RESIDENCE has everything you could wish for: the privacy of your own apartment, the facilities of a 4* hotel, round the clock security and a glorious sandy beach just a few steps from your apartment!Experience the beauty of the Red Sea, the Sinai Mountains and the friendly residents at Nubia Sharm Residence: 4* luxury, long sandy beach, hotel facilities, security, tranquility, affordability… Sharm el Sheikh at its best!
Hand Over Date: Ready to move in
Being located in Sharm El Sheikh, an added bonus is the guaranteed sunshine 365 days a year plus the warm and crystal clear waters of the Red Sea with its amazing coral reefs teeming with colorful fish and marine life.
The residence comprises of a range of studios, 1 and 2 bedroom properties surrounding the large swimming pool which is set in beautiful well-maintained landscaped grounds and villas overlooking a lake. The on-site water-park and member's discount (up to 50%) at the restaurants, bars and spa mean you never have to leave the complex. However, with the glorious Nabq National Park on your doorstep and the up-and-coming central Nabq Bay just a short distance away you are ideally situated for daytime activities and excellent nightlife!
Discount to all property owners 25%:
Properties ready now: Interest-free payment plan over 18 months prices starting from
Studio apartment with payment plan = 467,500 EGP
One bedroom apartment with payment plan = 552,500 EGP
Two bedroom apartment with payment plan = 680,000 EGP
Villa 3 bedrooms with payment plan 2,800,000 EGP
Off plan properties zone 2
Studio 1 & 2 bedrooms.
Sharm El Sheikh Real Estate


text:
This great Mighty Mike album released on the Finedog/Vizztone Label received 4 stars in Downbeat Magazine and garnered Mike a nomination in the 2016 Blues Music Awards! Superb songwriting, consummate musicianship and stellar production come together to create a veritable feast for the ears...a must have for any fan of modern blues music. Special guests include Marcia Ball, Tommy Castro, John Németh, Angela Strehli, Carolyn Wonderland and many more!
All CD purchases now come with a bonus FREE Download of the same album, so you can conveniently own both the CD AND MP3 files! For more info on your free download just send an email HERE
$20 US Shipping and Handling Included


text:
Free download software » Portable » Free YouTube Download 18.104.22.168 ML Portable
Free YouTube Download 126.96.36.199 ML Portable
Portable 7-10-2010, 09:02
Free YouTube Download 188.8.131.52 ML Portable | 14.71 Mb
The beauty of this YouTube downloader lies in its simple set up. By default, output files are saved into the program's folder in My Documents, and they retain the name of the source video. Download YouTube videos as original HD MP4 (High Definition), HQ MP4 (High Quality), FLV or AVI files. You'll be able to play AVI with any video player on your computer.
This free Youtube downloader supports batch mode. So you can download several video files from YouTube or download YouTube playlists during one session. Free YouTube Download contains no spyware or adware. It's clearly free and absolutely safe to install and run.
Free YouTube Download. Download all possible YouTube videos to your computer:
- a single YouTube video;
- complete YouTube playlists and show lists;
- all video responses to a YouTube video;
- all videos of a selected YouTube user or a channel;
- all video from the user favorites.
Exclusive Features: download embedded YouTube videos from different websites, download Top YouTube video lists from different websites, download a youtube playlist, download a youtube channel, download youtube favourites.
Download Links
(Free YouTube Download 22.214.171.124 ML Portable Downloads)
Dear visitor, you went to the site as unregistered user. We encourage you to register or enter the site under your name.


text:
Luna Kafé e-zine
Reviewer: Anna Maria Stjärnell
Dave Tough and DeAnna Moore make up Xavier and Ophelia. Their debut is mellow and mostly very touching pop.
"6 Billion Lonely People" is a song that uses Moore's vocals well, recalling Edie Brickell at her best. "Chateau Marmont" is a catchy number that recalls Saint Etienne in its summery haze. "Passing Train" is equally lovely, a folksy melody setting the scene for a lullaby in blue. Moore's serene vocals contribute to a great song.
"Use Somebody" is a version of the Kings of Leon song, done in a dancey mode and it sounds very good. It's a lovely debut.
M Music & Musicians Magazine
Reviewer: Kenneth Partridge, Indie Scene
X&O CD REVIEW, 2011 M Music & Musicians Magazine
It was a lucky break when Dave Tough found DeAnna Moore on MySpace. Back in 2009 the songwriter and producer needed a singer for some demos, and in Moore he found a musical chameleon keen on jazz, New Wave and Kings of Leon. Alongside such straight-up pop songs as the Dido-esque "Milk & Honey," the pair's debut features the suave soul throwback "Chateau Marmont" and electro-glam gem "I'm Alright." The latter is a nod to Goldfrapp, who Tough and Moore cite as an influence, but it could have been an early-'80s hit for Olivia Newton John. Ditto the duo's version of the Kings' "Use Somebody," presented here as a neon-bright dance track.
CD Baby
Reviewer: JD Wiggins, songwriter
Upon listening to the Xavier and Ophelia recording X&O, I was struck by the quality of not only the vocals by Deanna Moore and the songs, but the production by Dave Tough. In many ways it had a very 80's feel, but with the pristine neatness of a modern digital recording (as one might expect). Everything was tucked into place, and not in a bad way. Deanna's vocals are truly appealing throughout and her handling of the very musical melodies revealed an innate sensitivity and appropriately nuanced approach to the lyrics as well. In fact, what she did in terms of taking a somewhat monochromatic albeit very pleasant vocal texture and weaving in the requisite emotion to capture the listener's attention was nothing short of quite impressive. The songwriting was also very strong with well-conceived harmonic structure and the instrumental performances were solid. My two favorite cuts were "Last Recorded Summer" and "Six Billion Lonely People". Overall, I'd have to say that I was impressed and very pleasantly surprised to hear an indie record with this kind of intelligent pop flavor and coherent production.
CD Baby
Reviewer: Morgan Bennett
Xavier & Ophelia's debut album is colorful, refreshing, and packed with incredible lyrical content. I love this line from the first verse of "Six Billion Lonely People": "A million little pieces, hearts are like grenades, shatter all these promises, love ain't no parade." This project is a great marriage of solid lyrical craftsmanship and fun, creative pop melodies and hooks.The variety of the album is impressive, and Deanna Moore's ethereal vocals hold it all tightly together for a cohesive and fascinating sound. There are shades of exotic places, dark corners, and heavenly clouds throughout the album that keep the listener engaged. The subtly sexy "I'm Alright," and the lyrically gorgeous "Six Billion Lonely People," are my favorite tracks.
CD Baby
Reviewer: Nate Strasser, songwriter
Xavier and Ophelia's debut album consists of a wide range of songs as addicting as they are interesting. While many singers and songwriters seem content to simply have some words where lyrics should go, one listen to this album shows that Dave Tough and DeAnna Moore deliberated on each word to make sure it does exactly what it needs to do to paint the picture they've intended. Vocally, DeAnna is strong and versatile. Combine that with Dave Tough's production and musical prowess and this album is sure to be a huge success. "
CD Baby
Reviewer: Neil Barber, songwriter
Love the album ! I play it in the car and have listened to it a few times now. "Jack and Jill" is a great opener…full of hooks." I'm alright" is dynamic and dramatic and I'm looking forward to seeing the video for it on youtube! Other songs that stand out for me are "Passing train", Six billion lonely people" and "Heartbeat". My favourite on the album (at this stage) is "Chateau Marmont". It's certainly the one I find myself singing along with most. The "everyone gets high/low" bridge is fantastic and really builds up to the chorus which delivers on all fronts..plus great guitar solo ! "Last recorded Summer" is great too of course…loving the strings you added.. It's good to hear an album of classically good song writing with clever middle eights and fine vocals and production. Xavier & Ophelia will go down very well in the UK on the college/university scene.
Neil Barber Edinburgh, Scotland


text:
Important Considerations to Make When Hiring an AC Installation Company.
Air condition systems are vital in both the domestic and commercial sectors of the economy because they help in creating suitable temperatures needed for human survival. After buying the framework, you need to hire the best ac installation company to provide you with quality services. The air condition system needs to be installed correctly because it can lead to a lot of expenses to the homeowner in terms of high electricity bills and constant repair works. This is the reason why every homeowner or business owner who wants to install ac systems need to be careful when choosing an installation company. When hiring an installation company, you need to guarantee that they have the technical knowledge to offer you high quality ac installation services at a fair rate.
Given the many numbers of ac installation organizations accessible today, getting the right one to hire can be a daunting task for an individual. However, with the right information and thorough market research, an individual can quickly know the best ac installation company in the industry. The first step is usually to ask for recommendations from you ac supplier on some of the perfect and competent ac installation companies in the industry. After getting the list of ac installation companies from your supplier there are many factors you need to evaluate before making the final decision. This article highlights some of the essential factors to consider when looking for the best ac installation service provider.
The first factor to consider when choosing an ac installation company is the level of experience. It is important that you choose an AC installation company that a lot of experience. It is important to note that there are many benefits to hiring an experienced air condition installation company.
First, an experienced ac installation company will use their field knowledge to ensure you get the best services. Experienced ac installation companies normally use modern tools and equipment to ensure their clients get the best services and their systems do not have any future complications. Given the many clients they have served, an experienced ac installation company will easily understand your needs and requirements. Thus when hiring an installation company, you need to choose a service provider who has been in the industry for at least five years.
The second factor to consider when choosing an AC installation company is the cost of the service. When hiring an AC installation service provider, it is important that you do an online research to determine the average cost of the service.
The Best Advice About Installation I've Ever Written


text: Date: Fri, 17 Sep 1999 04:42:22 -0400 From: Roland McGrath <firstname.lastname@example.com> I have checked in some libc changes with this log entry: 1999-09-17 Roland McGrath <email@example.com> * hurd/port2fd.c (_hurd_port2fd): Never change CTTYID port. * sysdeps/mach/hurd/setsid.c (__setsid): Fix return type -> pid_t. Return _hurd_pgrp instead of 0. Please let me know if that fixes the setsid problem for you or not. I have not had a chance to test it yet. After installation of a new libc with these changes, programs started from the console have stopped responding to ^C. The output from `ps' seems to indicate that there is no controlling terminal. Shouldn't we set the controlling terminal in `runttys' (after doing the `setsid')? Mark