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|THE short history of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for biomedical research at Livermore has been sweet indeed. Just 10 years ago, Livermore scientists first used AMS to determine how low doses of a suspected carcinogen affect the DNA of mice. A remarkably sensitive measuring technique, AMS can seek out one carbon-14 isotope from among a quadrillion other carbon atoms. It achieved a tenfold improvement in detecting damaged DNA over the best methods then available, thus enabling studies to be conducted directly with humans. Ever since, Livermore has been expanding the development of AMS for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications and is today a recognized leader in the field. (See box below for information on how AMS works.)
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry at Livermore
Livermore's Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) is home to the most versatile and productive AMS facility in the world. AMS is an exceptionally sensitive technique for measuring concentrations of isotopes in small samples, typically less than 1 milligram, and the relative abundance of isotopes at low levels. It can, for example, find one carbon-14 isotope among a quadrillion other carbon atoms.
Mass spectrometry has been used since early in the 1900s to study the chemical makeup of substances. A sample is put into a mass spectrometer, which ionizes it and analyzes the motion of the various ions in an electric field to sort them out by their mass-to-charge ratios. The basic principle is that isotopes of different masses move differently in a given electromagnetic field.
In accelerator mass spectrometry, the same principle applies but the process is different. Negative ions made in an ion source are accelerated in a field of millions of volts. The accelerated ions smash through a thin carbon foil or gas that destroys all molecular species. After passing through a high-energy mass spectrometer and various filters, the ions finally slow to a stop in a gas ionization detector. (See the image above of the large AMS machine at Livermore.) The identity of individual ions can be determined from how the ions slow down. For example, carbon-14 slows down more slowly than nitrogen-14, so those ions of the same mass can be distinguished from one another. Once the charges are determined, the detector can tell to which element each ion belongs and counts the desired isotope as a ratio of a more abundant isotope-carbon-14 as a ratio of carbon-13, for example.
The two "tricks" that make AMS work so well are the molecular dissociation process that occurs in the accelerator and the ion detection at the end. The resulting sensitivity is typically a million times greater than that of conventional isotopic detection.
For biological studies, AMS has been used primarily for counting carbon-14 because carbon is present in most molecules of biological interest and carbon-14 is relatively rare in the biosphere. Tritium (hydrogen-3) has also been used extensively as a tracer in biological research. The use of tritium in AMS is new and holds great promise, because many molecules are easier to tag with tritium than with carbon-14. Other isotopes are measured by AMS as well, including plutonium-239, calcium-41, beryllium-10, chlorine-36, and iodine-129.
All over the world, AMS is still used primarily to count carbon-14 in archaeological and geologic samples for dating purposes. In the 1980s, it replaced the traditional method of scintillation counting for precise radiocarbon dating, which was time-consuming and required relatively large samples. Livermore performs radiocarbon dating and many other forms of AMS 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for its own research and collaborations as well as for others on a fee-for-service basis.
Livermore researchers are continuing to study the effects of carcinogens on humans and animals. Perhaps not surprisingly, they have discovered that humans and animals metabolize these substances differently, with resulting differences in the way DNA is affected. AMS is being used in collaborations with researchers from around the world to begin to solve many challenges in biomedicine-from examining the way we metabolize vitamins to developing a new cancer diagnostic test. AMS has even proved invaluable for learning how pesticides move through ant colonies from workers to the queen.
When Livermore proposed that the National Institutes of Health (NIH) establish a National Research Resource for AMS at Livermore, University of California (UC) and Department of Energy scientists provided key testimony to demonstrate the value of AMS. Along with all the other evidence, their testimony must have been persuasive. Last November, Lawrence Livermore joined an elite group of research facilities when NIH awarded the five-year grant. There are other NIH Research Resource facilities for various types of mass spectrometry, but this is the first for AMS. An NIH review of Livermore's proposal had this to say:
An overwhelming case was made for the need for an AMS resource and a number of outstanding collaborative projects have already been initiated. . . . At the present time, the LLNL Resource is clearly the most advanced site in the U.S. to explore the use of AMS in biomedical research.
Chemist John Knezovich, director of Livermore's Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), is pleased with progress to date. "CAMS is unique in this country in concentrating on biological AMS. Beyond integrating the Laboratory's scientific expertise in both AMS and biomedical research, CAMS provides a major facility that
is enabling research projects from all over the world."
Research Opportunities Grow with New and Better Equipment
A continuing thrust of the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS) at Livermore has been the development and application of new AMS technologies as well as the improvement of existing ones. Three entirely new systems for measuring carbon-14, tritium (hydrogen-3), and plutonium-239 have come on line in recent weeks and months. Tweaking of the 15-meter-long, multipurpose AMS unit, in place since the inception of CAMS in 1989, never stops. After 11 years of development, the unit's cesium ion source is the most powerful in the world. Sample preparation methods and experimental protocols evolve and are standardized as Livermore's capabilities grow and as the demands of the biological research community expand. The focus now is to robotize the sample preparation process as much as possible.
For several years, researchers at Livermore have been working to develop a smaller, less expensive spectrometer dedicated to carbon-14 biological research. Biological AMS experiments can be run more quickly than most other AMS applications such as radiocarbon dating. A dedicated bioresearch unit would free the larger machine for other AMS work.
Testing for the first such small unit began in June (see photo at top). One-tenth the size of the larger machine, the small spectrometer will provide higher throughput for biological samples. It also will serve as a testbed for new sample preparation and delivery technologies.
John Knezovich, director of CAMS, says, "These smaller units are just beginning to appear. Livermore is one of four institutions in the world using one. Now, virtually every AMS unit, of whatever size, is custom-built. But when they have been developed to the point where the cost for one is below $1 million, then we can expect to see a proliferation of small AMS machines operating in universities and pharmaceutical companies, making significant scientific advances."
Livermore's new tritium system (below left) is the result of a collaboration with AccSys Technology of Pleasanton, California, and was funded by a National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute Small Business Innovation Research grant. The system was specifically designed to be small, simple, and inexpensive, making the technique of tritium AMS more broadly accessible.
Physicist Mark Roberts was primarily responsible for the system's design and for bringing it on line. Biochemist Karen Dingley, who performed the first AMS experiments using tritium as a biological tracer, has been developing experimental methods, including sample preparation and handling protocols. One of the system's first uses is in experiments to improve current methods to measure the rate at which cells divide. Cancer is a disease in which cells divide uncontrollably. Researchers want to know if exposure to cancer-causing chemicals results in an increased rate of cell division before a tumor appears. Normally, experiments such as this would require large doses of toxic chemicals or radioactive isotopes. With AMS, only a very small amount of tritium in drinking water does the trick. Then, the tritium in newly synthesized DNA can be measured. The level of tritium incorporation in DNA indicates the approximate rate at which new cells are synthesized and thus the rate of cell division.
Physicist Jeff McAnich has led the development of a new heavy-isotope spectrometer (below right) that makes it easier to run plutonium samples on a routine basis. The initial focus of this work is the measurement of plutonium concentrations and isotope ratios in urine bioassays of Marshall Islanders who are being resettled to Bikini Atoll and other islands used in the 1950s for weapons testing. The unit will be able to measure plutonium-239/240 as well as plutonium-241. Other heavy isotopes such as neptunium-237 may also be studied in the future.
An important aspect of Livermore's work to date has been in establishing AMS as a routine biomedical research tool. An AMS experiment no longer requires a large and expensive staff of physicists and technicians. Livermore scientists have led the technological advances necessary to make AMS a more effective, dependable, and economic tool for the biomedical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and clinical communities (see also S&TR, November 1997, A New World of Biomedical Research: The Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry).
Established in 1989, CAMS was designed to diagnose the fission products of atomic tests; monitor the spread of nuclear weapons to other countries by detecting telltale radioisotopes in air, water, and soil samples; and use isotopic tracers to study climate and geologic records. It still does all these things today-and much, much more.
Sensitivity Is the Key
So what is the value of AMS to you and me? AMS is an ideal method for tracing the passage of chemicals through humans without disturbing normal metabolic processes. Perhaps researchers want to know how the human body metabolizes a drug or vitamin. The molecules of the substance are manipulated slightly to "tag" them with a radioactive isotope, typically carbon-14, though other radioisotopes may be used as well. Rare radioisotopes of elements found in organic materials are used as tracers because they can be incorporated into biomolecules and because they are present naturally at low levels, so tagged molecules can be detected easily.
A collection of human subjects swallows or otherwise ingests the substance. Then, using AMS to measure the number of carbon-14 atoms in samples of urine, feces, saliva, or blood over the next hours, days, and weeks, researchers can trace how much of the substance is absorbed, how it travels through the body, what organs it affects, how much of it is lost through excretion, and so on. The first experiment to trace the vitamin folic acid in a human followed a single dose of just 35 micrograms for a remarkable 200 days.
Information this detailed has never before been available using healthy human subjects. Less sensitive measuring techniques, such as scintillation counting, require ingesting large doses of both the chemical being studied and the radioisotope, something few people want to do. Sometimes, such studies are done with volunteers. Usually, however, scientists have used animals for their research. Then considerable extrapolating has been required: from large doses to small doses and from laboratory animals to humans.
Now researchers can use much smaller, more realistic doses on human subjects. They can measure the true effects of a typical dose of, say, vitamin A or aspirin. AMS, the only method that can trace these low doses over such long time periods, has been described as the most significant new tool for nutritional studies since the 1930s.
And the amount of radioactivity taken in with the chemical being studied is less than one would encounter during a single day's exposure to background ionizing radiation from walking around in the sunshine. (Cosmic rays contain a small amount of radioactivity that we are exposed to every day.) An airplane flight exposes us to far more ionizing radiation than participation in one of these experiments.
Biochemist Ken Turteltaub, one of the developers of AMS for biological applications, is sold on the process. He says, "With accelerator mass spectrometry, we can address problems that cannot be solved otherwise."
Grant Recognize Achievement
The Livermore team spent five years building and demonstrating the capabilities that led to the NIH grant to Livermore. Today, Turteltaub is the grant's principal investigator, assisted by fellow biochemist Karen Dingley and a team of CAMS scientists. As an NIH Research Resource for biological AMS, Livermore is charged with providing biological researchers throughout the country with access to carbon-14 AMS analysis in their research, developing new methods and instrumentation for the use of AMS in biomedical research, demonstrating new applications, and educating the biomedical research community on AMS. All of these functions have been under way at Livermore for many years, which makes award of the grant particularly gratifying as recognition of a job well done.
All NIH Research Resource grants focus on collaborative work in order to educate the biosciences community. For this grant, Turteltaub and his cohorts are working to expand support for the use of AMS and to export its use to as many researchers as possible.
In work that is just beginning, they are also developing new experimental methods so that AMS can be applied to as many types of biological research as possible. They are developing the sample preparation and analytical methods necessary to reduce handling, automate processes, and increase sample throughput. The team will explore new spectrometer components that allow the direct interface of bioanalytical instrumentation to the spectrometer for simplified, rapid, on-line analysis. Finally, further development of the small carbon-14 spectrometer will help to bring AMS machines to more bioanalytical laboratories.
Measuring Damage to Molecules
Turteltaub, Dingley, and other researchers at Livermore are already involved in several collaborations with researchers in the U.S. and England to examine the effects of substances produced by cooking meat. Both2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) are heterocyclic aromatic amines that have been shown to cause cancer in laboratory animals when administered at high doses. The team has used AMS to establish whether DNA and protein adducts (damage) can be detected in laboratory animals and humans when they take in a smaller, more typical dietary amount of these substances.
In numerous experiments using carbon-14-tagged PhIP and MeIQx molecules, the team has confirmed not only that adducts can be detected at low doses, but also that humans may be more sensitive to these substances than mice or rats. These results are important because researchers in the fields of toxicology, pharmacology, and nutrition currently make two basic assumptions: that data obtained from high-dose experiments can be accurately extrapolated to more typical environmental levels and that animal models are valid. While all the data are not yet in on the veracity of either assumption, AMS provides the sensitivity and precision needed to address each of them thoroughly.
Dingley performed the first AMS experiments using biomolecules labeled with tritium (hydrogen-3). With tritium-labeled PhIP and carbon-14-labeled MeIQx, she found comparable sensitivities at low doses. (The lowest doses were equivalent to the amount of PhIP you would take in when eating a single well-cooked hamburger.) These experiments demonstrated the feasibility of using tritium AMS for biomedical studies as well as the feasibility of using both tracers in experiments to study how two substances, given at once, may affect each other.
Tritium is widely used in biological tracing and has some advantages over carbon-14. It is relatively easy to label a molecule with tritium, whereas carbon-14-labeled molecules must be custom synthesized, which can be expensive. While the use of detection techniques other than AMS requires relatively high tritium dosages and large samples, AMS eliminates those disadvantages. In fact, Livermore's experiments have demonstrated that AMS could be used to detect tritium in biological samples with a 100- to 1,000-fold improvement over scintillation and other decay counting techniques.
From Ants to Elephants
AMS is ideal for measuring extremely small samples, certainly the case when ants are the subject of study. CAMS worked with UC Riverside to follow the path of carbon-14-tagged food and insecticides through colonies of Argentine ants housed at the university. Once native to Brazil and Argentina, the Argentine ant is now the most prevalent pest around homes in California, the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, and South Africa. No available control strategy works effectively because each colony is home to several queens, any of which can regenerate the colony if other queens are destroyed. Learning how nutrients make their way to the queens is essential to finding an effective control method.
Work on nutrient dynamics was part of the largest AMS collaboration in place before the new NIH Research Resource was established. It involves CAMS and four UC campuses. Several campus-lab collaborations are ongoing at Livermore and other laboratories managed by UC, and the UC Office of the President has described this one as the most successful of all. Livermore's principal investigator for the Consortium for Ultra-Low-Level Tracing is physicist John Vogel, assisted by Bruce Buchholz, who was trained as a nuclear engineer.
Vogel has been involved with CAMS from the start and has been responsible for many of the technological advances that have helped to establish AMS as an increasingly routine biomedical research tool. His work with UC Davis on nutritional studies has earned him the rank of adjunct full professor of nutrition. "One never knows where a career will go," he chuckles.
The CAMS-UC Davis experiment that followed a single dose of folic acid for 200 days was no fluke. Many over-the-counter products that we take with barely a thought stay in our bodies for a remarkably long time. A similar experiment followed a single dose of beta carotene in blood, urine, and feces samples for 3 months. The three primary "pools" of beta carotene or retinol, the vitamin A that beta carotene metabolizes to, are clearly visible, first in the intestine, then in blood plasma, and finally in a circulating form with a 38-day half-life. The existence and equivalence of the slowly changing pool that starts 9 days after dosing would be undetectable without AMS.
Metabolic studies of vitamins and other nutrients are of more than passing academic interest. At present, little is known about vitamin metabolism except that it seems to vary widely among individuals. Folic acid, one of the B vitamins, is required for the production of red blood cells, DNA, and RNA. A deficiency can cause anemia and is related to heart disease and certain birth defects. A deficiency in beta carotene can cause blindness, a serious problem in less developed parts of the world. In fact, a new variety of carroty-orange "golden" rice, rich in beta carotene, has recently been developed in Switzerland for use in undeveloped countries.
Dr. Andy Clifford, professor of nutrition at UC Davis, has headed all of this important nutrient metabolism work with CAMS. As a result of his research to date, he has been awarded follow-on grants from NIH to conduct definitive AMS studies in humans. His experiments are now under way using healthy human volunteers aged 18 to 60.
CAMS researchers are working with clinicians at UC San Diego to develop a diagnostic technique sensitive enough to detect the growth protein that cancerous tumors produce. Most of this protein stays at the site of the tumor, but a very small amount leaks out into the blood. Different kinds of tumors-ovarian, prostate, breast, liver, and so on-produce slightly different kinds of growth proteins. A blood test that could detect the protein would be an effective tool for an early diagnosis. The test could also be used to determine whether follow-up treatment was working; ideally, the protein level would drop to zero over time.
Yet another current study is of very large animals--elephants--but small samples. A hormone imbalance in bull elephants can produce raging behavior known as musth. The only way to obtain a sample from an enraged elephant is from its feces. But most of that is undigested fiber, leaving researchers with little usable material from which to measure the carbon-14-tagged hormone precursors that the elephant has ingested. AMS comes to the rescue again.
In 1998, a University of California at Riverside doctoral candidate won the annual award given by the International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes for best student paper. Her fundamental work in protein chemistry netted her a trip to Amsterdam as well as a cash prize. She could not have won without Livermore's biological AMS facilities because her subject, nematodes, supplied only the smallest of samples.
Science in Revolution
For all this work to date, biological AMS is still very new. Knezovich acknowledges this, saying, "We at Livermore are still doing lots of missionary work, educating the research community about this powerful technology. But the NIH grant makes clear that the biological research community is convinced of the worth of AMS."
Livermore's AMS experts are part of an apparent revolution in which biology may be replacing physics as the haute discipline. Research in biosciences now accounts for more than 40 percent of federal funding for basic research, fueled in part by an aging population and increased needs for health care.
As the use of AMS for biological research grows and matures, related applications will quickly be found. CAMS has already participated in a study of the effects of atrazine, a commonly used herbicide, on a group of volunteers in California who wore a skin patch of atrazine for 24 hours. Radioactivity in their urine was too low to be counted efficiently with liquid scintillation counting. But with AMS, uptake and elimination could be followed easily. Samples were even chromatographically separated to determine how the subjects metabolized the compound during exposure, a day after exposure, and several days after exposure. These biomarkers provide the data needed to develop an assay for occupational exposure to this chemical.
From agriculture to nutrition, from toxicology to chemotherapy-the potential uses of AMS for our better health are almost endless.
—Katie Walter
Key Words: biomedical research, carbon-14, Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (CAMS), Marshall Islands, MeIQx, National Institutes of Health (NIH), nutrition, pesticides, PhIP, plutonium, radioisotope tracing, tritium.
For more information contact John Knezovich (925) 422-0925 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
John Knezovich has been the director of the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry since May 1998. He received his B.A. in biology from the University of the Pacific in 1977 and his Ph.D. in chemical ecology from the University of California at Davis in 1983. He was previously a group leader for Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology. Knezovich is an environmental chemist with extensive experience in the design and application of experimental approaches for determining the fate, transport, and toxicity of contaminants in the environment. He originally came to Lawrence Livermore as a student guest in 1977 and returned as a postdoctoral scientist in 1983. Knezovich serves on University of California, state, and federal advisory panels that oversee research on toxic substances. He has written more than 60 scholarly articles and publications.


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In Bristo Square today the queue was quite long but people were happy enough. They were queuing for a free meal.
Top chefs served these free meals to thousands of people.
The Feeding the 5000 event was organised by Edible Edinburgh which is a group brought together by the council to transform the food we eat in the capital..
On the menu was good food sourced locally or food which might otherwise have been thrown away.
On the basis that there is no such thing as a free lunch however anyone who wanted to eat had to go through the education zone to learn about recycling and the benefits of eating in season from local producers.
So what can you do?
You are encouraged to love food and hate waste – the average household throws away £35 worth of food each month and use the Edinburgh Local Food Network to source good local food.
And if you are wondering how the chefs managed to cook everything today… here is the answer!

subset: commoncrawl


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Strengthen Your Home's Security by Following the Recommendations from a Professional Locksmith
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Change the Locks
When you move into a new house, the previous owners possess at least one set of keys. Even if they leave a set for you, ask an experienced locksmith to rekey the entire house. You don't know if someone with bad intent may have copied the previous owner's keys or even obtained possession of them after your move.
When rekeying, a locksmith removes pins and springs, replacing them with a new set that works with an entirely different key. You no longer need to worry about an intrusion resulting from the previous homeowner's carelessness or ill intent. Read more from this article: http://bit.ly/2uGdTYT
Leave a Reply.
September 2017


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Like any intrepid adventurer, one more go boldly and not being afraid of getting her hands dirty. This is particularly true when exploring the landmarks of your magical lady's parts. To discover the elusive G-spot, it's best to use your fingers and search for the areas that feel most pleasurable. While exploring, pay attention on how certain areas feel, especially during your arousal stages.
Once you've discovered the internal and external erogenous zones, sex toys can then be used to navigate toward deeper sensations. Depending on your level of experience, you'll be able to take orgasms to new levels. For some, the vibration or deep pulse action offered by G-spot sex toy can help tip you over the edge and into a realm of ecstatic, wet release—known as female ejaculation.
Here's our guide to specific toys that can enhance your G-spot exploration. All of these toys are made from the body-safe, nontoxic materials, and are water resistant, or waterproof, and won't short circuit when you squirt!
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All Bases Covered: C-Spot and G-Spot
These double duty toys are designed to tease and tickle both the G-spot and the clitoris—creating a blissful blended orgasm. The combination C-spot and G-spot stimulation can be quite powerful, especially if you're new to G-spot exploration. With a little bit of time and "practice", you may be squirting in no time. The tricky thing, however, is that these particular vibrators are not necessarily one-size-fits-all. Women come in all shapes and sizes, but these toys do not (yet).
Quick Like a Bunny: Rabbit Vibrators
This revolutionary two-in-one sex toy got its name because of a pair of adorable vibrating rabbit ears that stimulated the clit during penetration. When the Rabbit hit the market in the mid-90's, women instantly fell in love, and the supply could barely keep up with demand. However, the rabbit style vibrator has since evolved. This sex toy now has women reaching orgasmic heights with newer designs and technology that simultaneously stimulate the C and G-spot. There are a variety of ways this toy can be used too. By inserting the curved clitoral stimulator, it can lightly tease the G-spot. Available in a plethora of shapes and sizes, there's a good possibility that you'll be gushing in no time.
The Behind Kind: Anal Toys
Believe it or not! Anal penetration can feel extremely pleasurable. In fact, some women claim that having an anal orgasm is way more powerful orgasms derived from vaginal penetration. Thankfully, there is a multitude of non-vibrating and vibrating toys specifically geared to stimulate both him or her. Whether you choose one that runs on batteries or one that is used manually, anal toys are a great alternative that can result in quite the wet adventure.
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The great thing about sex toys is that you can use them solo or with a lover. But it's always more fun to share in the experience. Now you can both feel the good vibrations with toys designed to be used during penetration (or not). This relatively new technology has a lot of couples excited about the prospect of reaching orgasm together. With these toys, women benefit from the G and C-spot stimulation, and men get to enjoy lots of pleasurable friction.
Essentially the G-spot and female ejaculation is unknown territory. So don't be disappointed if you can't get immediate gratification. With patience, time, the right guidance, everyone can have an ecstatic experience. As the saying goes, it's not about the destination but the journey.


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1 The method of mixtures depends on the principle of --------------
conservation of energy
2 The product of two measurements 1.23cm and 2.3cm should be rounded off as
3 A mass of 150g when hung on a spiral spring stretches it 40cm. Assuming the spring is Hookean, the period of oscillation of the mass when slightly displaced and released is ------------------ to 2 decimal places
4 Which of the following does NOT define relative density of a liquid?
viscosity of the liquid/viscosity of equal volume of water
5 Which of the following is NOT correct about objects which are wholly or partially immersed in a fluid?
if the upthrust is less than the weight the object rises
6 In an experiment to determine the value of g using simple pendulum, $$T^{2}$$ was plotted on the ordinate(vertical axis) and l on the abscissa(horizontal axis), where T and l are the period and length of the pendulum respectively.The value of g was determined to be $$9.72ms^{-2}$$. What was the value of the slope s of the graph to 2 decimal places? Take $$\pi=22/7$$
7 The equation $$x=at^{b}$$ is suggested for the variation of two quantities x and t where a and b are constants. The corresponding equation of a straight line graph that may be plotted from experimental values of x and t is ---------------------
logx = blogt + lo ga
8 In an experiment to verify Boyle's law, pressure P was plotted against ----------------- of volume V to obtain a linear graph that passes through the origin
9 In an experiment involving the spiral spring, F is the resoring focrce and x the extension of the spring. The equation F = - kx gives the relationship between F and x. The graph of F/N against x/cm -----------------
passes through the origin
10 The value of x and y in an experiment are expressed hypothetically by the law $$y=ae^{bx}$$. Which of the following correctly gives the linearised plot of the data obtained?
$$x$$ on the abscissa and $$log_{10}y$$ on the ordinate
11 The equation of a simple harmonic oscillator may be written as $$a = {-}\omega^{2}x$$ (the symbols have their usual meaning). In an experiment to determine the period of oscillation of a loaded spiral spring T, which of the following is the correct relationship between T and
$$T = 2\pi/\omega$$
12 Error due to deterioration in a measuring instruments is known as ?
Back lash Error
13 R is the resistance to the motion of a train at speed V. Find, by plotting appropriate values in a graph, a law of the type $$R=a+bV^{2}$$ (i.e. determine the approximate values of a and b) connecting R and V using the following data: $$\begin{matrix} V(km/h): & 10 &20 &30
&40 & 50\\ R(kg/ton): & 8 & 10 & 15 &21 & 30 \end{matrix}$$
a = 7.35, b = 0.0085
14 In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity g using the simple pendulum, $$T^{2}$$ was plotted on the vertical axis and l on horizontal axis. The graph
passes through the origin
15 Which of the follwing graphs gives the correct linear relationship between P and V in Boyle's law?
P plotted against 1/ V
16 In an experiment to determine the relationship between the current I through a piece of tungsten wire and the potential difference V across it, the theoretical relationship used was $$I = kV^n$$ , where k and n are constants which may be obtianed from a straight line graph
of the form y = mx + c, the symbols having their usual meaning. The value of k can the be experimentally determined from --------- the slope of the graph of logI plotted on the vertical axis
the intercept on the vertical axis of the graph of logI plotted on the vertical axis against logV plotted on the horizontal axis
17 Which of the following experimental techniques reduces the systematic error of the quantity being ivestigated?
adjusting an ammeter to remove zero error before measuring current
18 The smallest scale division of a stop watch is 0.1s. Calculate the possible error in the measurement of time recorded as 7.4s by an experimenter using the stop watch
19 In an experiment to determine the period of oscillation of a loaded spiral spring, the equation of a simple harmonic oscillator $$a = {-} (k/m)x$$, where the symbols have their usual meaning, was used. Write down the equation for the angular frequency $\omega$ in terms of k
and m, the effective mass of the system
$$\omega {=} \sqrt{k /m)}$$
20 The maximum possible error in a measurement is ___ of the unit of measurement suppose mistake in measuring is excluded.
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Scott Campbell
Scott Campbell is a tattoo artist from New York, and he is an artist as well as a tattoo artist. He has a huge list of celebrity clients that includes Marc Jacobs, Josh Hartnett, Orlando Bloom, Courtney Love, Robert Downey, Jr., Sting, and Heath Ledger. Much like Kat Von D in Hollywood, California, this is a famous tattoo artist that is known for doing famous people. His work clearly speaks for itself, as you can tell on his website, where he has tattoo artwork and paintings. His reputation spreads by word-of-mouth too, and he's got several celebrity clients that can testify to this. His work is signature and unique, like many of the notable tattoo artists that are world-famous, and he has his own personal style that is uniquely his own.
How did Campbell grow up? He grew up in a Louisiana bayou, and he grew up with a traditional values family, and he wanted to get out of there and find something different. It was early on in life that he decided that he didn't want the middle-class life. He took courses in biochemistry at UT, and he wanted to get into a medical illustrator career. He dropped out soon thereafter.
It was during his twenties that he moved to San Francisco, and he started a job copy editing for the City Lights Bookstore. He started tattooing at that point. He traveled all over the globe, to Europe and Asia, and he tattooed for money there, and then he moved to Williamsburg later on in the year of 2001.
He set up shop in New York in 2005, and he started a tattoo shop, and it was called Saved Tattoo. His career really took off there. His first tattoo was for Heath Ledger, who asked for a tiny bird flying on his left forearm.
Campbell was a real artist, and he did several shows solo, and the first show he did sold out at a gallery in Miami, called OHWOW. The gallery opened a spot in New York, and Campbell had a slow show there in April of 2010. In the latter part of 2010 in Mexico City, he took out gasoline and poured it all over his own exhibition, and he set fire to it. This was kind of an avant-garde, experimental thing to do, a kind of performance art thing, but it worked for him. Campbell said that he wasn't happy with how the work was being exhibited, and he couldn't stand to see his works in a setting that was totally against his purpose for creating them. He said that a fuel station right across from it and he took it as a sign from the Universe, that it was a good thing to do. He was part of a three-person exhibition too, and it had Raymond Pettibon and Steven Parrino alongside with him.
The Creative Director for Louis Vuitton, Marc Jacbos, collaborated with Campbell, and he did a number of fancy leather bags for the S/S collection in 2011. This was definitely considered one of his greatest accomplishments.
Scott Campbell has a notable reputation for unique artistry. Unlike other tattoo artists, he is also an established artist in other mediums. There are several real objects on his website that are there for display, and there are also art prints, and a lot of other kinds of works of art too. He has much more art displayed on his website than tattoo artists of an equally notable degree. Scott Campbell can properly be described as an artist first and foremost, and a tattoo artist second.


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Alternative medicine. Where is the truth?
In this article we will talk about what are the different types of alternative medicine, all these techniques such wonderful and what is actually true.
Today divorced so many different ways and methods of treatment and recovery, but I will try to outline main directions, without going into much detail.
So, there are 3 main areas of impact:
The impact on the physical body;
The impact on the psychology (metaphysical body);
The impact on the body's cells using power.
The category, impact on the physical body include:
Reflexology and others. Continue reading
Medicine of the pharaohs
Knowledge of the human body, internal organs and their functions came to Egypt very early, together with the practice of mummification. Judging by the data, Egyptian doctors were well aware of the ways and first set the function of the heart, which was perceived as the life centre, pumping blood through the 22 major vessels of the body, turning into more branched vessels. "The beginning of the mysteries of the doctor, – said in the text of the famous "papyrus Ebers" (XV century BC Leipzig), knowledge of stroke of the heart, which vessels to all members, for every doctor, every priest of the goddess Sekhmet, every caster, touching the head, neck, arms, hands, legs, everywhere touches the heart: he sent vessels to every member…" in Addition to these vessels, an Egyptian doctor wrote to their counterparts in another body – invisible Ka – "double" of man associated with magic rituals.
Mummification gave rise in Egypt strong surgery. In the "Surgical papyrus of Edwin Smith", dated XVI century BC, describes 48 types of injuries and their treatment: refers to the technique of the correct reposition of bone fractures, lecaniinae and bruises, haematomas. The author of the text was a practicing physician, most likely related to some major construction.
"Surgeon's table". The relief on the temple wall of Harura and Sobek in Kom Ombo. II century BC
From economic documents it is known that, for example, the construction of the great pyramids of Giza, where the injury was understandably very high, fifteen hundred builders had one doctor. His art was obviously far from all the intricacies owned by court doctors, however, and this fact medical Continue reading
What animals eat
Scientists have proven that animals heal people. According to statistics, the owners of dogs and cats on average live 5 years longer, and horseback riding helps people to overcome mental disorders.
Today zootherapy gaining momentum around the world. In the United States this treatment is used in children's hospitals, the army and even in nursing homes. Australian scientists have shown that contact with Pets reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. And British researchers noticed that in those homes where there are Pets, children grow up healthier with great immunity and normal mentality.
Feline therapy available to all
An ordinary house cat can lower blood pressure and get rid of a migraine. It also stimulates the treatment of trauma and various inflammatory processes. That's why she rests in the place where something bothering him. In addition, it is proven that cats relieve stress, fatigue, help with rheumatism, stomach ulcers and insomnia. Through research, scientists have found that stroking a cat for several minutes helps to normalize pulse, and blood pressure. Also, these Pets help to cure serious mental illness, heart disorders, brain damage.
Wenyuange assume that each breed of cats specializes in a particular disease. Interestingly, the sounds emitted by a cat, calm the mind, relieve pain and enhance the immune system.
Fish treat "nerves"
It has long been proved that observing fish in an aquarium reduces stress. That is why such home residents doctors recommended for people who suffer from depression and neurosis. Also fish are able to cause people joy and well-being, improve the intellectual level of each person. In addition, the aquarium perfectly adjusts the microclimate, and water evaporating from it humidifies the air, making it more useful for human's health and his breathing. Continue reading


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For our very first show, we had to work hard to convince people to attend. By our second play, however, we ran out of seats. Now, people keep asking when our next shows will be and how they can help us continue our journey of producing original theatrical entertainment. Falling Apples would not be possible without the continued support and donations from our loyal and amazing fan base. We are in the process of establishing Falling Apples as a non-profit organization, but we also try to provide perks for our supporters' generosity. (Please see the packages below.) For us to continue thriving and putting out quality work please consider joining us in this journey.
We are truly grateful for your support.
Donations of $25
-One ticket to see "Off Book" and an extra vote to cast at "Off Book" to see who goes on in the 2nd act (see our About section for a more detailed explanation).
Donations of $50
-A mention in the playbill and previous rewards.
Donations of $75
-An autograped DVD of "Off Book,"a video thank you from the cast and crew, and previous rewards.
Donations of $100
-DVDs of this show and previous two original shows, "Missing Grace" and "Off White," an invitation to the post-show cast party, and previous rewards.
Donations of $200
-Producer Credit, tickets to any and all performances of "Off Book," an invitation to view any rehearsal, access to a live feed of "Off Book" for one night, plus previous rewards.
Donations of $500
-Lifetime tickets at door for "Off Book,"an invitation to an exclusive company member gourmet dinner, and previous rewards.
Donations of $1000
-Hand delivered DVD from Falling Apples' co-founder and writer Khai Dattoli, and all previous rewards. And eternal gratitude.
For those donors who wish to make a donation in honor of or in memory of someone, Falling Apples will pay tribute to them below on this page.


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This section contains 1,351 words
(approx. 4 pages at 400 words per page)
In Chapter 28, Kitty does wake in her duplex. Her mother is there. Frieda had called and asked her to check on Kitty because she had not shown up for work. As she talks to her mother, Kitty realizes that in her dream world, she and Michael must be held up by her parents, their champions. She has a memory of herself, the children and her mother in a library for story hour. When a woman complained that Michael was being distracting and should be made to leave, Kitty's mother had spoken up, telling the woman that Michael had as much right to hear the story as any of the other children there.
After work that day, Kitty and Frieda go to a tavern. They are both surprised when the bartender announces their drinks are on the house. As they enjoy their drinks...
(read more from the Chapters 28 and 29 Summary)
This section contains 1,351 words
(approx. 4 pages at 400 words per page)


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Briar E. Glenn, of Chatsworth, N.J., passed away suddenly on Saturday, May 25, 2013. He was 19 years of age.
Born and raised in Chatsworth, N.J., he was the beloved son of Timothy S. Glenn and Linda T. Willenbring, of Chatsworth. He was a 2011 graduate of Seneca High School, an avid ice hockey player and former 2X captain of the Jaguar's Ice Hockey Team.
He is survived by his sister, Kasey T. Glenn and his brother, Evan J. Glenn, both of Chatsworth; his paternal grandparents, Roy E. and Sandra E. Glenn, of Southampton, N.J.; his maternal grandfather, Thomas P. Willenbring, of Evergreen, Colo.; his paternal great grandmother, Betty Glenn, of Vincentown, N.J.; and his paternal great grandfather, Warren C. Kepner, of Columbus, N.J.
He was the grandson of the late Nora M. Willenbring and great grandson of the late Roy E. Glenn and the late Doris Kepner.
Relatives and friends are invited to greet his family from 6 ot 9 p.m. on Wednesday and from 9 to 10 a.m. on Thursday, at the Bradley & Stow Funeral Home, 127 Medford-Mt. Holly Rd., Medford, NJ, where a Memorial Service will be held at 10 a.m. on Thursday. Interment will be private.
In lieu of other expressions of sympathy, the family requests memorial donations to support his passion with hockey to the Briar E. Glenn Memorial Fund, P.O. Box 1542, Medford, NJ 08055. Bradley & Stow Funeral Home


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I will not ever do another standard, bland, pure-paper form of book production to deliver my word-art.
I want you to see everything I see when I write these words. From the letters to the images.
The only thing you will never have is the emotion. This, you must supply yourself.
Be well (and prepared).
Solitude – April 2011


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Just a doodle I did after I was super inspired after receiving my new creature box books :D I liked it so much I decided to ink it and hopefully I'll get a colored one up here soon.
Friday, February 26, 2010
Friday, February 19, 2010
Some new projects
Monday, February 15, 2010
MARVEL inks
These are the inks for a new project. It was fun because I rarely draw comic book characters. Now I just have to incorporate shading, color and background :P
Monday, February 8, 2010
Barrel Bot with "Holo" the clown
This was a assignment for Illustration Workshop. The assignment was to develop a character design based around a rodeo. So I developed a futuristic barrel robot that can mock the space bull as a holographic clown named Holo, then transform into it's protected barrel form when it gets charged.
This one has more clown :D
FedEx drone
The FedEx drone is complete with package rotation and hand scanner security, a big upgrade from previous models.
Monday, February 1, 2010
New stuff :D
I know I haven't posted in awhile but I hope to post more frequently during this semester. These are a few pieces a started over break.
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Google recently fired 100 recruiters in the company's first ever layoff. During today's earnings call, CFO Patrick Pitchette hinted more headcount cuts could come if needed.
Credit Suisse analyst Spencer Wang asked if shareholders should expect the company's costs to remain fixed going forward. Patrick answered:
"We really have a cost structure that is labor intensive and we have a lot of flexibility in our model. We're going to manage our company responsibility in that sense."
Translation: We have 20,000 employees -- don't believe we won't can a few more of them if we have to.
Scary for employees, great for shareholders -- that's why we call him Google's secret weapon.
See Also:
Google Q4 Beats The Street
Google's Secret Revenue Weapon Revealed
Get the latest Google stock price here.


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Our Member Company Sites!
NEGATRON is a software development company specialising in both Open Source and Windows based applications. NEGATRON specialises in WEB and APPLICATION development.
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Andrometh 50click for zoom – product code: TP01
This compound is actually only a weak agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), with poor binding. It follows, then, that its value must mostly come from non-AR-mediated effects. It is therefore a Class II steroid. Since it is not very effective in activating ARs, it should be stacked with a Class I steroid that is effective in this regard, such as Primobolan , Deca Durabolin , or trenbolone acetate . There is no point in stacking it with Anadrol, which has similar activity, as one ought to simply use the more appropriate drug. With testosterone or Deca, Danabol/Dianabol is to be preferred. Or with Primobolan or trenbolone acetate, Anadrol is to be preferred (though Danabol/Dianabol is still a good choice) because Anadrol does not aromatize.
Manufacturer: Thaiger Pharma, Thailand
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Welcome to our website! As we have the ability to list over one million items on our website (our selection changes all of the time), it is not feasible for a company our size to record and playback the descriptions on every item on our website. However, if you are an American with a disability we are here to help you. Please call our disability services phone line at (203) 366-7541 during regular business hours and one of our kind and friendly personal shoppers will help you navigate through our website, help conduct advanced searches, help you choose the item you are looking for with the specifications you are seeking, read you the specifications of any item and consult with you about the products themselves. There is no charge for the help of this personal shopper for any American with a disability. Finally, your personal shopper will explain our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service, and help you place an order if you so desire.
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Ein Doktortitel ist der Nachweis zur Fähigkeit selbständigen wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens. Zwischen Oktober 1990 und Sommer 1993 war ich an der Universität Stuttgart immatrikuliert, um diese Würde zu erlangen. Zu diesem Zweck gelang es mir, ein Stipendium der angesehenen Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zu bekommen, der das Institut für Festköperforschung in Stuttgart-Büsnau zugeordnet ist, was nahe dem Pfaffenwald-Campus der Universität liegt. Obwohl das Institut unabhängig von der Universität ist, hatte es damals (und wahrscheinlich auch heute noch) eine Übereinkunft mit der Universität, dass Doktoranden, die an der Universität immatrikuliert sind, ihre wissenschaftliche Forschung an diesem Max-Planck-Institut durchführen können. Das war bei mir der Fall.
Das Thema meiner Doktorarbeit auf dem Gebiet der theoretischen Kristallographie ist etwas esoterisch und exotisch. Es hat nichts mit deutscher Geschichte zu tun oder mit der Chemie bestimmter Cyanidverbindungen, ein Thema, das ich in meiner Freizeit untersuchte. Streng genommen führte ich demnach in jenen Jahren die Forschungen für zwei Doktorarbeiten durch: meine offizielle in Elfenbeinturm-Wissenschaft, und eine private an der Kreuzung – oder vielleicht besser im Minenfeld – von deutscher Geschichte und forensischer Wissenschaft.
Elektromagnetische Wellen haben die Eigenschaft, dass sie einander auslöschen können, falls ihre Phasen um 180° versetzt sind. Das gleiche scheint auf meine beiden Doktorarbeiten zuzutreffen, die einander ebenso auf gewissen Weise ausgelöscht haben. Oder vielleicht hat meine private die offizielle ausgelöscht. Diese Geschichte muss erst noch für die Abteilung "Verfolgung" meiner Webseite geschrieben werden. Doch sei dem wie es will, ich habe mich entschieden, meine offizielle Doktorarbeit ebenso auszuhängen, damit sie endlich, nach einem fast 20-jährigen Winterschlaf, das Tageslicht erblickt. Meine private Arbeit des Titels Das Rudolf-Gutachten ist seit 1993 öffentlich erhältlich gewesen. Nun sind sie beide zugänglich.
Unten gebe ich das englische Vorwort wieder, dass ich Ende 2010 verfasste, als ich meine Doktorarbeit für einen letzten Versuch vorbereitete, sie bei irgendeiner Universität unterzubringen, um diesen schlüpfrigen Doktortitel doch noch irgendwie zu erlangen. Das Projekt war jedoch bisher erfolglos, vor allem auch, weil ich dieses Ziel nicht mit dem nötigen Eifer verfolgt habe, weil das Projekt mehr eine Frage von Eitelkeit und Stolz zu sein scheint als von irgendetwas anderem, und ich gebe zu, dass mir beides fehlt. Zudem führten meine wenigen Versuche, einen neuen Doktorvater für meine alte Arbeit zu finden, auch zu nichts, denn niemand scheint willens zu sein, die heiße Kartoffel namens "Germar Rudolf" anzupacken.
Falls Sie die ganze Arbeit lesen wollen, die ich in den Jahren 2008/2009 ins Englische übersetzte, so können Sie diese als eine PDF-Datei hier herunterladen. (Der Text is unkorrigiert und daher bisweilen ungeschliffen. Ich habe das deutsche Original – noch – nicht zur Hand, sorry…)
When I was offered to write a PhD thesis at the prestigious Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, Germany, it goes without saying that I was thrilled at the prospect and happily agreed, although the topic I was to work on seemed rather exotic and incomprehensible to me at first. Most readers of my thesis will probably agree. But as a student I merely considered this to be a matter of ignorance on my part. To come to understand what I hadn't understood so far was just one more challenge to tackle on my way to a promising academic career.
When I started to work on the topic presented in this thesis, I found myself in the middle of some nasty exchanges between my supervisor and my predecessor, who had worked on a similar topic until a few months before I showed up. I never quite understood the reason for their vitriolic yelling contests, but the effect of it was that my predecessor was absolutely disinclined to help me getting started, and my supervisor, as the acting director of an entire research institute, was always too busy to give me an introduction. As exotic as the topic was, there was no literature to fall back on, nor was there really anybody else in the world having any knowledge about the issue, save a professor in Zurich and another one somewhere in Sweden, although they both had other priorities than to cater to my needs.
Struggling along to get a mental grip on things, my supervisor repeatedly burst into my little room asking me to try certain variations of structure factors in order to create a space divider with a certain symmetry. Sometimes he failed, but sometimes he had success with this approach. Being a systematic person who loves to approach issues logically, I was very much dismayed by this haphazard approach to creating what my supervisor perceived as being something very fundamental and important. So after several months of being completely out at sea with no help from anyone, I set out to find a pattern behind what my supervisor was doing. I wanted to find the laws that govern the creation of certain symmetries by certain structure factors.
I was ¾ done with this work when my supervisor once more suddenly burst into my room one afternoon, this time venting with excitement about his idea that it should be possible to approach in a systematic way the relationships between structure factors and the symmetry they can generate. I listened to him patiently, and when he was done I mentioned that I had already been working on this for several weeks and that I am almost done with this, showing him the results which I had put in tabular form. At the sight of my results his jaw merely dropped. "Very good" was all he said, and he went back into his office.
Ever since that day, my supervisor has held me in relatively high esteem – until the day when he started reading the first draft of my thesis. The first, yet minor reason was the preface with which I had garnished my thesis. In it I deliberated about the dichotomies pervading our world, starting with those close to the topic dealt with in the present thesis. Via crystalline versus amorphous, order versus chaos, and energy versus entropy, I arrive at life versus death, where life – driven by energy – is the power that makes all things different, whereas death – driven by entropy – is the power that makes all things equal, although neither can exist (or makes sense) without the other. I then extended these thoughts to our social world, applying the same pattern: the ideology of egalitarianism is the ideology of death, whereas identity movements are the ideologies of life, which led to an excursion into what is "left" and "right," politically speaking. This thought finally led me to a brief discussion of how societal taboos prevent social scientists from exploring these complementary opposites in depth while giving both side their due.
My supervisor ordered me to remove this preface without substitution. Well, I did.
This was not the worst part of my first draft in my supervisor's eyes, though, for I had dared to express my doubt that the entire topic I had been working on over the past two years was worth the time I had spent on it. And I still maintain that employing mathematical laws of group theory – or simply put: of symmetry – on simple sine and cosine functions could not possibly result in more than mathematical functions with a certain symmetry. My supervisor's high-flying expectations have always been that these beautiful space dividers might unlock a treasure trove of information about links between chemical or physical features of solid structures on the one hand and their symmetry on the other. Nothing of that sort has ever panned out, nor was it likely to. After all, just putting a few sine and cosine functions together to produce some pretty, curved planes is hardly an approach to explain the properties of solid compounds. If you put only symmetry into it, you can get only symmetry out of it. Where symmetry laws force solids into a certain shape, their physical and chemical properties are certainly affected by this. But that is as far as it goes.
Other than that, the space dividers presented in this thesis are very convenient didactic tools enabling us to recognize or understand better the often extremely complex and frequently non-Gaussian, "warped" organization of crystalline structures. They also doubtlessly have an esthetical value, if that is of any importance to a scientist.
It goes without saying that my supervisor, who had invested so much of his time, his resources and his hopes into his pet topic, didn't like my iconoclastic statements at all. "You still haven't understood a thing," he yelled at me. He ordered me to excise them as well and to replace them with his view of the topic.
I didn't quite follow his order, but tried to find a compromise by putting my statements into the form of questions left unanswered and by adding his views to the roster. This my supervisor let pass.
I also managed to get a few "ugly" examples into my thesis which clearly show the limitations of the concept developed in this thesis: sine and cosine functions do not always neatly follow nature's patterns. As a matter of fact, the principle followed during my research was: find something that looks nice and use it. That which doesn't look too good we ignore and discard. Well, I tried to steer a little against that prevailing current of the selective use of evidence and put in some examples of what can hardly pass as useful for anything: convoluted space dividers good for nothing.
Where does that leave us?
In his work The Logic of Scientific Discovery, Karl R. Popper described the various anti-scientific methods to immunize one's theory against critique. [1] One of them is the arbitrary selection or elimination of data to make one's theory look good. That was the tendency of the work leading up to my thesis, and I didn't like it at all. I could not discuss this with my authoritarian supervisor. Hence my colleagues at the institute served as partners to discuss the ethical implications of doing research on a topic which put me on an unwanted career track or maybe even into a dead end of my career, which wasted taxpayer money, and which forced me to bend my scientific principles.
How many more students have found and are finding themselves in a similar position as I found myself in back then? What has science come to when evidence counts less than the "authority" of a recognized "expert"?
A few years later I discovered that I am not at all alone with this view. Dr. Halton Arp, professor of astrophysics at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics near Munich, has summarized the tragedy that is brewing today in science generally as follows:[2]
"The most harmful aspect of what science has become is the deliberate attempt to hide evidence that contradicts the current paradigm. […] In a quite human fashion, however, they [the peers] act in an exactly opposite manner – judging that 'if an observation disagrees with what we know to be correct, then it must be wrong.' The tradition of 'peer review' of articles published in professional journals has degenerated into almost total censorship."
Later in my life I have encountered many other scientists who have found themselves in a similar position. A friend of mine, for instance, has been trying to finish his PhD thesis on a topic of the social sciences for twenty years. He has always been put under pressure to come to certain conclusions by his supervisors, although those conclusions were not supported by the evidence. He has changed topics and supervisors numerous times in search of an opportunity to write what he thinks the evidence forces him to. Another acquaintance of mine has written a habilitation thesis in Germany which no professor is willing to accept, because the results are running contrary to the zeitgeist. And so the story goes on.
My disappointment was not restricted to my own thesis and its supervisor. It went beyond that. Having worked within a Max Planck Institute for three years made me also realize that this institution had become ossified to such a degree that many, if not most scientists there behaved more like public employees than like pioneers at the adventurous frontier of human discovery.
In view of all this it may no longer be such a great surprise that I risked my fledgling academic career at this renowned German research institution with the work I was simultaneously pursuing in private. To be sure, the pressure exerted by the public at large to come to foregone conclusions is nowhere as huge as it is in my then research area of private choice. But the beauty of the independent research I was doing back then was that I felt like nobody could order me how to do my research and to which conclusions I should come. Wrong or right, I was a free man.
And I am again.
Germar Rudolf
Playas de Rosarito, Baja California
November 30, 2010
[1] Hutchinson & Co., London 1968, pp. 82-97.
[2] Halton Arp, "What has Science Come to?," Journal of Scientific Exploration, 14(3) (2000), pp. 447-454.


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We want to help people find the skills and the confidence to live more sustainably and to love doing it. We believe the best way to achieve this is to learn together, drawing on our experiences to find new ways of meeting the challenges of the modern world.
We are based at Fen End Farm, a 117-acre mixed farm which was converted to organic production a few years ago. We have a variety of experiences in environmental work including working with local communities to increase recycling and prevent waste, educating schoolchildren on a range of environmental issues, horticultural therapy, and helping to make farming in the UK more sustainable.


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Lexus: Dark Ride Trailer
Get in the driver's seat.
Published on May 17, 2010
Editor's Pick
Lexus teamed with Skinny and Stink Digital with Skunk on Lexus Dark Ride, a 12:30 interactive thrill ride in the brand's new hybrid compact car, the CT 200h.
Visitors to the Dark Ride site sit in the passenger seat alongside driver Tony, played by actor Norman Reedus, who's in charge of navigating the car from Nevada to Los Angeles in a high speed chase. Participants can upload their own mugs using the webcam or a digital picture and can even add their own voices via mic. Although not in the driver's seat, visitors do the steering and can change the camera POV and tell Tony where to go, creating a different ride each time. Watch a trailer of the interactive film here.
Dark Ride is one component of the brand's Darker Side of Green campaign that emphasizes the new car's fuel efficiency and agility over the traditional hybrid persona of "flowery, sunshine-filled days in the park."
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- Date
- May 17, 2010
- Agency:
- Skinny
- Client:
- Lexus
- Concept:
- Jonas Hallberg
- Concept:
- Liron Reznik
- Creative Director:
- Jonas Hallberg
- Creative Director:
- Liron Reznik
- Executive Producer:
- Jen Dennis
- Digital Production:
- Stink Studios
- Production Company:
- Skunk
- Director:
- James Brown
- Producer:
- Aris McGarry
- Executive Producer:
- Daniel Bergmann
- Executive Producer:
- Robert Herman
- Executive Producer:
- Mark Pytlik
- Executive Producer:
- Stefan Dufgran
- Production Designer:
- Dominic Watkins
- Post Production Supervisor:
- Steve Reiss
- Creative Technologist:
- Marcel Kornblum
- Interactive Producer:
- Adam McNichol
- Lead Developer:
- Ian McGregor
- Art Director:
- Kristian Saliba
- Design:
- Josh Smith
- Cinematographer:
- Claudia Miranda
- Editing Company:
- Final Cut
- Editor:
- Jono Griffith
- Post Production:
- Speedshape
- Visual Effects:
- Speedshape
- Visual Effects Supervisor:
- Connor Meechan
- Visual Effects Producer:
- Arnon Manor
- CG Supervisor:
- Ilya Astrakhan
- Executive Producer:
- Craig Bernard
- Music:
- Michael Fakesch
Need a credit fix? Contact the Creativity Editors


text:
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Reviews for:
The Knight of the Mirrors
: Reader 2
: 2006-03-20
: 141110
: 1
A vastly superior piece to what is usually available, and the best of yours that I have read. Brilliantly done. Thanks.
: Are
: 2005-06-15
: 124039
: 1
This is really good. I like it a lot. Could you continue (if you haven't already) on with it? About Sirius talking to Remus? Great work!
: Jess
: 2005-04-25
: 120547
: 1
Wow, a very realistic and believable description of how Sirius grew up from the immature 15 year old prankster. I realised right away that the incident with Snape becoming a werewolf was an illusion but also that it was the only way to finally drive the Knights' point home. I thought the way the recorder symbolised his new understanding was very clever, 'But it would still have a voice' and 'It wasnt quite the same as it had been. It would never be the same. But he found that there was a new depth to the recorders tone that he rather liked.'
And I loved the Monty Python references, very Sirius. Monty Python rocks! I look forward to reading your next fic, you are one of the best Sirius writers on this site.
: nicole
: 2005-01-22
: 111800
: 1
really really good really sad though
: Starsea
: 2004-07-09
: 91469
: 1
One of the BEST Sirius stories I have read, even considering that there are so many quality stories here at the Quill. Sirius's progress throughout the story is both believable and wonderfully described; the darkness lurking beneath the surface that is picked up in his altered relationships with Peter and James, his broken friendship with Remus, and the hollowness he feels inside at this change, is countered by the small but humorous references to Monty Python and Dickens. It was a wonderful idea to use the Knight of Mirrors - I wasn't confused by the third scene at all, by the way. I knew it was a vision, although perhaps that could have been given more emphasis. The flashbacks were brilliantly interwoven with Sirius's viewpoint and his journey to self-awareness. Dumbledore was nicely in character, and the ending was both crisp and memorable.
This is a story to be read over and over again.
: Brigantia
: 2004-05-28
: 85028
: 1
This is excellent. It's inventive, moving, and extremely well written.
: Julie
: 2004-05-27
: 84828
: 1
Wow. This is an amazing story. Very plausible as a way for Sirius to mature. I think he needed this sort of "outside" intervention in order to realize what he'd done.
What Dumbledore said about the Knight reminded me a little of what he told Harry about the Mirror of Erised - the "strong men" line. (I hope you know what I'm talking about.) Harry and Sirius are both strong in many ways, although I don't know that they'd recognize it. (They also have many vulnerabilities, of course.)
Do you have any plans to continue this? I'd be really interested in how Sirius will react to Remus now, and Remus's response. And also how Sirius's family reacts.
Overall, a really great story. I'm surprised you haven't gotten more reviews for it.
I've just been rereading all your stories because I read Canopus's that reflects back on "Allemande". You're one of my favorite authors. I love the way you characterize both Sirius and Snape.
BTW, I understood the Snape being bitten as a "what if" right away. I'm not sure why...
Great job! (Sorry if I'm babbling)
: SweetSirius
: 2004-04-04
: 77196
: 1
My apologies, Mincot, for not giving this fic the close attention it deserved. I did wonder whether it was a "could have been" moment, but as I did when I read JK Rowling's own first description of Remus, I was too eager to read on and settled too easily on my first thought. (Spent quite a while imagining Remus as balding - eep!!!)
But I reiterate that this is a wonderfully written story, and agree with Gryffinjack - it's a great depiction of the aftermath of The Prank. Thanks so much for this. Five red-and-gold stars to you!
All the best
: Gryffinjack
: 2004-04-02
: 76900
: 1
This is a stunningly emotional and perceptive view of Sirius, his thoughts, and progression after The Prank. It still floors me. Many stories have been written about The Prank and its aftermath, but none have delved into Sirius' views and emotional reaction as much as wonderfully as this one.
All of your characters are very true to canon, from Peter not really knowing what to say, to James trying to be supportive but still recognising that Sirius was wrong, to Remus' reaction. Your Remus is excellent. He did not forgive Sirius immediately, as many fics suggest, with the lame reasoning of "you've already learnt your lesson." Nor did he have a huge fight with Sirius. His controlled anger and disappointment at Sirius was complemented with his supreme frustration that Sirius did not understand the severe possibilities and reprecussions of his actions. Being Remus, he was left with no alternative but to not be able continue with the same friendly relationship as before.
Sirius. What an incredible journey he took in your story! He went from a complete denial of what his actions said about him as a person to a real understanding that we are all responsible for our actions and their reprecussions. He finally understood that there are severe reprecussions to thoughtless and uncaring actions which may seem like an innocent joke to begin with.
Although it is very exciting and amusing to play pranks on people, it must be done with great thought and caring for the way the "victim" will react as well as all others involved. Sirius was not prepared for this prior to The Prank nor the myriad other pranks he and James had pulled. The Knight held up the mirror and made him take a good, long, hard look at himself and see himself as he really was.
I did not find the scene where Snape gets "bitten" to be confusing at all. I knew it was a look at what easily could have been. It was one of the most powerful moments in the story for me that really drove the point home for Sirius.
This is a truly excellent story and gift to us all.
: Alkari
: 2004-03-31
: 76620
: 1
An excellent and very thought-provoking story. The introspection and self-honesty forced onto Sirius by the Knight was a wonderful way to show 'how' he matured and faced up to what he had done. And how he gained the strength to make a Life Decision about what he was going to do, and where his own values and life lay.
Your Dumbledore was very much the wise headmaster of canon, and his words to Sirius were beautifuly tied in to canon - especially the quote about choices.
And thank you for being someone who believes that Sirius DID grow up, and that not only James learnt lessons from The Prank!
: Insanity
: 2004-03-31
: 76586
: 1
Great story, amazing emotion! Thanks for the clarification, too - I was not quite sure what to think so I went to comments to see if there was one - and there it was!
: Mincot
: 2004-03-30
: 76437
: 1
Oh, thanks for all the kind words from everyone who has reviewed! I did want to comment about the Snape issue--I *knew* I should have signposted that more, but I was relying too much on people's knowledge of canon and on Dickens.
Of course Snape was not *really* bitten. Just before that snippet, Sirius has made that crack about Dickens--"Unless you have Ignorance and Want hidden under your robes, we're about done." If you remember "A Christmas Carol," Scrooge thinks he has learnt from the Ghost of Christmas Present--but he hasn't, really, and not only is there another Ghost yet to come, but the Ghost of Christmas Present has the two ragged, scrawny, SCARY children, Ignorance and Want, hidden under his sumptuous robes, hidden away as society hides them and tries to ignore them.
Basically, Sirius has understood his likeness to his family intellectually, but not emotionally--and, like the Ghost of Christmas Present, with the children, and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, with the vision of Scrooge's death, the Knight makes Sirius realize his issue EMOTIONALLY, in the only terms Sirius will really understand: the possible consequences for Remus AND for Snape. Even then, Sirius wonders--remember, he thinks that this was the only scene that he did not remember (because it was a what-if, not an actual occurrence; a vision, like that of the third Ghost). He also wonders about the vision's reality when he thinks about consequences--he would have been sacked, Remus expelled or worse, and Snape would have shown SOME signs ... but then he gets so caught up in the emotional reality of what he could have done that he forgets to question. It's that "What if" scene that, for me at least, lies beneath his desire to leave his family and move in with the Potters.
However, I'm sorry--when two bright people misunderstand part of a story, that means I need as a writer to make it clearer--thanks for the catch. I should have added something like this:
<i>"And its true. I used Remus to hurt Snape without ever thinking about what it would mean for Remus or Severus. His voice caught. "At the last ... what I saw in the hospital wing ... that wasn't ... " He stopped, unable to complete the sentence.
Dumbledore looked at Sirius, his face sombre. The Knights mirror is accurate, Sirius, but what it shows you can be merciless. It strips away all illusions, but also all mitigating factors. It does not reflect age, or maturity or compassion. The Knight's mirror can also, as it did with Severus, show you the truth of what could easily have happened--an emotional truth, if you will. Dumbledore peered at Sirius through his half-moon spectacles. His eyes were not twinkling, as they so often were, but neither did Sirius see the weary disappointment that had haunted him for the last two months. Instead he found himself feeling somewhat comforted." </i>
Does that help :) ?
: SweetSirius
: 2004-03-30
: 76423
: 1
Mincot! Oh hurrah! I was so very excited to see an update from you - your Sirius is one of my very favourite depictions.
As expected, this was a wonderful fic - you write with such purpose and sensitivity, and in a way that makes me want to read more and more. I really did like your depiction of the aftermath of The Prank - it's something I've been dying to find out about in canon, but this is a really touching adaptation - there's a great sense of Sirius fighting with himself all the way. You always manage to put him into a completely believable skin, without making him too extreme one way or the other. I loved the hints at his conversation with Dumbledore, which were able to show Sirius' relationship with the old wizard in a very moving light.
I didn't agree with the idea that Snape got bitten, as too many instances in Canon disprove it, but it's still a great piece of writing. The revelations about Peter and Remus were also wonderful, and a great use of technique in the flashbacks. I also loved your metaphor through the recorder.
Very nice, glad to see you back!
: Linnet
: 2004-03-30
: 76402
: 1
I've noticed that this SQ update, there've been a lot of good Sirius fics...anyway, this was excellent. The scenes where Sirius is comparing himself to his family are touching and moving. A believable account of how Sirius started to mature, and the aftermath of The Prank.
: godricshollow
: 2004-03-29
: 76311
: 1
That was really, really good! I'm very impressed. Your story even caused me to take my own actions into consideration. I think that everyone can relate to your story, and you still kept it in canon and you're good writer! Plus, I loved that you added music into it. Sirius plays the recorder... who knew!?
: Sam
: 2004-03-29
: 76297
: 1
However, I do find the bit about Snape being a werewolf confusing. He's not absent from class or anythign- and he filled in for Lupin during the full moon. wheres the evidence? Or did i just miss something that said it was a theory made up by the mirror- a possible ending for Sirius's actions? Please clear this up! Thanks!
Brilliant story.
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The Nationals are tied with the Dodgers for the best record in the National League at 18-9. Yes, the Nationals are that good. Yes, the Nationals are good enough to be leading the NL east. Yes, the Nationals should be among the top in baseball all season. Their starting pitching is amazing. Detwiler and Gonzalez … Continue reading
Tagged with Opinion …
Albert Pujols: The biggest financial mistake in the history of baseball
After a homerless April, Albert Pujols has proved to all of baseball that his 10 year $240 million dollar deal is as of right now, the biggest financial mistake in the history of the sport. Now I know that there are still five months to go until the end of this season. However, Albert Pujols … Continue reading
It was a bad relationship from the start…
When your manager says that he "loves" or appreciates a dictator of any kind, simply suspending him for five games isn't serving justice. Ozzie Guillen was a bad decision from the start. Yes he can be funny sometimes, and he can relate to the Latin community that encompasses the Little Havana neighborhood that the new Miami Marlins … Continue reading
Best. Weekend. Ever.
Baseball is back! Recap of why this weekend has exceeded I hope almost every baseball fan's expectations so far: Yoenis Cespedes has two homers. Albert Pujols went hitless. Almost two no-hitters. A sixteen inning game. Mariano Rivera blew his first save opportunity of the season. Jose Valverde who saved 49 games last season in 49 … Continue reading
Predicting the Madness
March Madness wasn't to bad for me because my champion, Kentucky, still has a shot at winning it all. However, predicting what will happen over the next six months, I think, will be much harder. Well, here I go. Divisions – NATIONAL LEAGUE: NL West: 1. Arizona Diamondbacks, 2. Los Angeles Dodgers, 3. San Francisco … Continue reading
The best has yet to come…
2011 might have been the best season in baseball ever thus far; however, it won't come close to the 2012 season that is approaching. 2011 recap: Cardinals and Rays surge into the postseason. The St. Louis Cardinals won the World Series despite being a strike away from going home, twice. Albert Pujols bought a ten … Continue reading
Sources: The Dodgers have reached an agreement to be sold to Magic Johnson's bidding group, according to a baseball source. See http://t.co/xLUq9euT. — Ken Gurnick (@kengurnick) March 28, 2012 Breaking from WSJ: Magic Johnson-led group buys LA Dodgers for $2 billion, shattering all previous prices paid for sports franchises. — Dennis K. Berman (@dkberman) March … Continue reading


text:
One of the worst flaws in judgment I've identified in myself --
A lot of times, after a big completion push on a project, things seem under control. Maybe I've been working nonstop 12-13 hours, and there's only an hour or two left of work to do, but I'm fading.
So, I call it a day and go to sleep, or whatever. Maybe that's the right call, and maybe it's not...
...but I've seen far too often, the project doesn't get finished in the next 2 to 8 weeks.
It really should get done right away, or at the start of the next day at the latest.
Reschedule meetings if you have to.
But get it done.
If you're 90%+ on something, you really need to go into Terminator Mode on it and get it done. All of the most effective people I know do that.
If you have a wide variety of projects, it can be tempting to say "Well, that's one under control -- it only takes an hour or two to get it done now" and move on to something else.
Don't do that.
An hour or two of polish and delivery while you've got the entire problemspace loaded in your head becomes 3-5 hours after you've forgotten it, and it becomes 20-30 hours if you get a key personnel change or request for changed scope in a collaborator or client.
It means you don't get the joyful feeling of completion and momentum.
If it was a paid project, it pushes back getting paid, keeps your accounts receivable worse, and screws up your cashflow.
Oftentimes, clients or buyers will want a review and cooling off period after a job and before the next one, so it pushes back the date you can get followup work.
...it's just a damn bad thing.
Once you get over, say, 85%, it's time to push. Even if other things seem urgent, even if it seems like there's not much more to do, even if there's a million excuses or good reasons not to finish.
Finish. Push. Finish.
When you're close, finish. Terminator Mode.
Push yourself.
Great post. This is also true for entire projects on longer time frames
In the past I've often given up or lost my motivation right before the end of the project when most of the work is already done but the rewards haven't started coming in. Now I realize that this is the time to work especially hard and complete the project no matter what happens.
Finish. Push. Finish.
Paulo asked commented on Internal Scorecard #1,
I think there's three questions here:
1. How do you coordinate multiple projects that don't overlap?
2. How do you know how much is too much to be effective?
I have a big project I'm working on (secret for now, haven't decided if I should write about it yet or not), and I've been seriously procrastinating.
It's not that I don't want to do it. It's something I arrived at myself, is very inline with my Life Nomadic goals, and will be very exciting to complete. It's my perfect project.
I'd been working on it for a week, though, and had been getting very little work done. To use a rough estimate, I had done maybe 5% of the work in a week. Twenty weeks until completion is way too long.


text: A well presented and spacious three bedroom, two bathroom apartment set within this prestigious mansion block located in one of Bedford Park's most sought after roads. Only a short distance to Turnham Green tube (District Line Zone 2) and the Chiswick High Road this ground floor apartment offers 1463 sqft of accommodation to comprise 21'9 x 13'11 sitting room, large and well appointed kitchen/dining room, three double bedrooms and two bathrooms (one en suite). Well maintained communal gardens and off street parking. Available March. Unfurnished. EPC rating = D


text:
I have recently trapped in the bottleneck of my web designing process where the inspiration is feeble. While hesitating, I surfed the internet and watched a Chinese reality show. In the show, there's a young celebrity who's a singer and also a very talented pianist and violinist – Henry Lau (a member of Super Junior-M – a Chinese-South Korean boy band).
I've then begun to search for his music. 'Trap' is one of my favorites and the groove of the song has help untrapped me from the bottleneck. Thanks Henry, I've now attained a bountiful of inspiration for my upcoming custom theme – Leap!


text:
Plutonium Orange Inks Deal With Firebox Records
Finnish hard rock and metal band Plutonium Orange has issued the following brief update about signing a record deal:
"Short and sweet; We just signed a deal with the fellow Finnish label FIREBOX RECORDS! More info, website and other shit coming up in the near future, but we can tell you people that we'll be heading to studio sometimes in April. Stay tuned!"
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From Garden to Native Grasses
I've had a garden here in eastern Burnet County, on the northern edge of the Edwards Plateau region, for over twenty years. On the 31-acre place we call Meadow Knoll, I have tended a half-acre of garden, composted, mulched, saved my own seed and grown my own seedlings, experimented with new varieties, and canned my own produce. I've spent hours every day in the garden and loved (almost) every minute of it. (You'll find a somewhat fanciful map of our place here.)
Wild Gardening
But I'm not garden-less, and I know I never will be. One of the things I've learned over my gardening years is that nature can do a lot better job of it than I can. She knows what grows best, where and when and how. So I'm turning it all over to her—the whole job, from planting to watering to growing. And having lived in this place and observed it for over two decades, here's what I'm expecting from my Hill Country wild garden.
Color. In April and May, the fields and roadsides will be blue (bluebonnets and mealy sage), purple (winecups and redbuds), and pink (paintbrush). In June, there'll be a blaze of yellows, reds, and oranges (gaillardia, coreopsis, and standing cypress, which grows along our creek and along the railroad tracks on the ridge). In July, the incredible blue of gentian, and blue ruellia, and in the fall, a burst of azure sage along the fence row. Oh, and goldenrod, and sunflowers and coneflowers and Englemann daisies—my, oh, my, all that astonishing gold.
But please don't think this change of heart and habit comes easily. I'm clinging to my old roses, I'm growing my favorite culinary herbs in a wheelbarrow, and I wintered over some really spectacular geraniums for the planter on the deck. But I'm no longer hostage to the garden. I've shifted into "admire" mode. I'm not only loving it, but finding it easier to live with.
I live in the country, and my wild garden is all around me, like a green embrace. But people who live in the city can enjoy their wild gardens along roadways, in vacant lots, in untended back yards, in far corners of the neighborhood park. It's all in what you look for, you know. If the ungardening bug bites you, sit down for a spell with Sara Stein's Noah's Garden or (if you're a Texan) Sally and Andy Wasowski's Native Texas Gardens. That'll give you something to think about while you resist rushing out to buy that exotic plant you just read about in one of those glossy garden magazines.
Thanks, Annie, for giving me a place to celebrate my wild garden. And thanks to all the readers who are following this blog tour through cyberspace. If you have questions or thoughts to share, post a comment. I'll be around today and for the next couple of days to answer questions and carry on a conversation.