text:
Age of earth
Why the Earth is not millions of years old
How old is Planet Earth? This is an important question. Even though long ages of time
are not a proof of evolution, yet without the long ages evolution could not occur (if it were possible for it to occur).
Actually, there are many evidences that our world is
quite young. Here are some of them:
First we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM THE STARS that the universe itself is quite
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM OUR SOLAR SYSTEM that our solar system is quite young:
"By analyzing data from Greenwich Observatory in the period 1836-1953, John A. Eddy [Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics and High Altitude Observatory in Boulder] and Aram A. Boornazian [mathematician with S. Ross and Co.
in Boston] have found evidence that the sun has been contracting about 0.1% per century during that time, corresponding to
a shrinkage rate of about 5 feet per hour. And digging deep into historical records, Eddy has found 400-year-old eclipse observations
that are consistent with such a shrinkage."— *"Sun is Shrinking," Physics Today, September 1979.
Extrapolating back, 100,000 years ago, the sun would have been about twice its present size, making life
A number of comets have broken up and dissipated within the period of human observation.
Some of those regularly seen in the nineteenth century have now vanished. Others have died spectacularly by plunging into
the sun.
Evidently all the comets should self-destruct within a time frame that is fairly short.
Careful study has indicated that the effect of this dissolution process on short-term comets would have totally dissipated
them within 10,000 years.
There are numerous comets circling our sun, including many short-term ones, with no source
of new comets known to exist.
Yet there is an abundance of these small pieces of rock, and there is no known source
of replenishment. This is because each solar system would lock in its own micrometeoroids so they could not escape to another
one, and the gravity on each planet and moon would forbid any of its gravel to fly out into space.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM THE OTHER PLANETS IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM that
the solar system is quite young:
Io is the innermost of the four original "Galilean moons,"
and was found to have over sixty active volcanoes! These volcanoes spew plumes of ejecta from 60 to 160 miles [97 to 257 km]
above Io's surface. This is astounding.
Nothing on our planet can match this continuous stream of material being shot out by
Io's volcanoes at a velocity of 2000 miles per hour [3218 km per hour]! The usual evolutionary model portrays all the
planets and moons as being molten 5 billion years ago. During the next billion years they are said to have had active volcanoes.
Then, 4 billion years ago, the volcanism stopped as they cooled. Io is quite small, yet it has the most active volcanoes we
know of. Obviously, it is quite young and its internal heat has not had time to cool.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM OUR OWN MOON that it is quite young:
Evolutionists had long held to the fact (as we do) that the earth and moon are about
the same age. It is believed, by many, that the earth and its moon are billions of years old. If that were true, the moon
would by now have built up a 20-60 mile [32 to 97 km] layer of dust on it!
In *Isaac Asimov's first published essay (1958), he wrote:
" . . I get a picture, therefore, of the first spaceship [to the moon], picking out a
nice level place for landing purposes, coming slowly downward tail-first and sinking majestically out of sight."—*Isaac
Asimov, Asimov on Science: A Thirty-Year Retrospective (1989), xvi-xvii.
In the 1950s, *R.A. Lyttleton, a highly respected astronomer, said this:
"The lunar surface is exposed to direct sunlight, and strong ultraviolet light and X-rays
[from the sun] can destroy the surface layers of exposed rock and reduce them to dust at the rate of a few ten-thousandths
of an inch per year. But even this minute amount could, during the age of the moon, be sufficient to form a layer over it
several miles deep."—*R.A. Lyttleton, quoted in R. Wysong, Creation-Evolution Controversy, p. 175.
In 5 to 10 billion years, 3 or 4/10,000ths of an inch per year would produce 20-60 miles
[32-97 km] of dust. In view of this, our men at NASA were afraid to send men to the moon. Landing there, they would be buried
in dust and quickly suffocate! So NASA first sent an unmanned lander to its surface, which made the surprising discovery that
there was hardly any dust on the moon! In spite of that discovery, Neil Armstrong was decidedly worried about this dust problem
as his March 1970 flight in Apollo 11 neared. He feared his lunar lander would sink deeply into it and he and Edwin Aldrin
would perish. But because the moon is young, they had no problem. There is not over 2 or 3 inches [5.08 or 7.62 cm] of dust
on its surface! That is the amount one would expect if the moon were about 6000-8000 years old.
*Dr. Lyttleton's facts were correct; solar radiation does indeed turn the moon
rocks into dust. With only a few inches of dust, the moon cannot be older than a few thousand years.
It is significant that studies on the moon have shown that only 1/60th of the one- or
two-inch dust layer on the moon originated from outer space. This has been corroborated by still more recent measurements
of the influx rate of dust on the moon, which also do not support an old moon.
"The moon is slowly receding from Earth at about 4 cm [1½ in] per year, and the rate
would have been greater in the past. The moon could never have been closer than 18,400 km [11,500 miles], known as the Roche
Limit, because Earth's tidal forces would have shattered it."—Jonathan Sarfati, Creation Ex Nihilo, September
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM THE ATMOSPHERE that the earth is quite young:
"There ought to be about a thousand times as much helium in the atmosphere as there is."—*"What
Happened to the Earth's Helium?" New Scientist, 24, December 3, 1964.
To fit the evolutionary pattern, our atmosphere would now have to contain much more than
our present 1.4 parts per million of helium. Some evolutionists have suggested that the helium is escaping out into space,
but no evidence has ever been found to substantiate this. Research has shown that, although hydrogen can escape from the earth,
helium is not able to reach "escape velocity." In order to do so, the temperature of the planet would have to be too high
to support the life that evolutionists say has been here for over a billion years.
To make matters worse, not only are we not losing helium to outer space—we are
getting more of it from there! *Cook has shown that helium, spewed out by the sun's corona, is probably entering our
atmosphere (Melvin A. Cook, "Where is the Earth's Radiogenic Helium?" Nature 179, January 26, 1957).
Atmospheric helium is produced from three sources: (1) radioactive decay of uranium and
thorium. (2) Cosmic helium flowing into our atmosphere from space, but especially the sun's corona. (3) Nuclear reactions
in the earth's crust, caused by cosmic ray bombardment.
Kofahl and Segraves conclude that, using all three helium sources in the calculation,
earth's atmospheric age would be reduced to 10,000 years. In addition to this, a worldwide catastrophic event in the
past such as the Flood could, for a short time, have unleashed much larger amounts of helium into the atmosphere. Such an
event could significantly reduce the total atmospheric age. Helium content is a good measure, since there is no known way
it can escape from the atmosphere into outer space.
Also see Larry Vardiman, The Age of the Earth's Atmosphere: A Study of the Helium
Flux through the Atmosphere (1990), in which he argues that, on the basis of atmospheric helium content, the earth cannot
be over 10,000 years old.
Robert Whitelaw, a nuclear and engineering expert at Virginia Polytechnic Institute,
found that the production rate is not equal to the disintegration rate. In fact, his calculations reveal a recent turning
on of the C-14 clock,—otherwise the two factors would be balanced. Whitelaw's research indicates that the
clock was turned on approximately 8000 years ago. (See chapter 6, Inaccurate Dating Methods, for more on radiocarbon
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM METEORITES that the earth is quite young:
On the average, about 20 million meteors collide with the earth's atmosphere every
24 hours. It is now known that, because of meteorites and meteorite dust, the earth increases in weight by about 25 tons [22.7
mt] each day.
We have here another evidence of a young earth; for the amount of meteorites and meteorite
dust earlier accumulated in rock strata, in relation to the amounts reaching the earth at present, would indicate an age in
thousands of years, not millions.
"No meteorites have ever been found in the geologic column."—*Fred Whipple,
"Comets," in The New Astronomy, p. 207.
*Asimov's theory is that "crustal mixing" has removed all trace of the meteorites.
But the nickel from those meteorites should still be there littering the earth's surface and to be found beneath it.
But this is not the case.
"For many years, I have searched for meteorites or meteoric material in sedimentary rocks
[the geological strata] . . I have interviewed the late Dr. G.P. Merrill, of the U.S. National Museum, and Dr. G.T. Prior,
of the British Natural History Museum, both well-known students of meteorites, and neither man knew of a single occurrence
of a meteorite in sedimentary rocks."—*W.A. Tarr, "Meteorites in Sedimentary Rocks?" Science 75, January 1932.
29 - TEKTITES—Tektites are a special
type of glassy meteorite. Large areas containing them are called "strewn fields." Although some scientists claim that
tektites are of earthly origin, there is definite evidence that they are actually meteorites.
Every so often, a shower of tektites falls to the earth. The first were found in 1787
in what is now western Czechoslovakia. Those in Australia were found in 1864. They were given the name tektites, from
a Greek word for "molten," because they appear to have melted in their passage through the atmosphere. Tektites have also
been found in Texas and several other places. Each shower lies on the surface or in the topmost layers of soil; they are never
found in the sedimentary fossil-bearing strata. If the earth were 5 billion years old, as suggested by evolutionists, we should
expect to find tektite showers in all the strata. If the earth is only a few thousand years old, and a Flood produced all
the strata, we would expect to find the tektites only in the topmost layers of the ground and not in the deeper strata. And
that is where they are.
The tektites are found on top of, what evolutionary theory calls, "recent" soil, not
beneath it. The evidence is clear that the tektites did not work their way up from beneath or wash down from older sediments
at a higher elevation.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM THE GLOBE that the earth is quite young:
Lord Kelvin (the 19th-century physicist who introduced the Kelvin temperature scale)
used this slowing rotation as a reason why the earth could not be very old. The decline in rotation rate is now known to be
greater than previously thought (Thomas G. Barnes, "Physics: A Challenge to 'Geologic Times,' " Impact 16,
July 1974).
Using a different calculation, we can extrapolate backward from our present spin rate
and 5 billion years ago our planet would have had to be spinning so fast it would have changed to the shape of a flat pancake.
We, today, would still have the effects of that: Our equator would now reach 40 miles [64 km] up into the sky, and our tropical
areas—and all our oceans—would be at the poles. So, by either type of calculation, our world cannot be more than
a few thousand years old.
In 1835 the German physicist, K.F. Gauss, made the first measurement of the earth's
magnetic dipole moment, that is, the strength of earth's internal magnet. Additional evaluations have been carried out
every decade or so since then. Since 1835, global magnetism has decreased 14 percent!
On the basis of facts obtained from 1835 to 1965, this magnetic field appears to have
a half-life of 1400 years. On this basis, even 7000 years ago, the earth would have had a magnetic field 32 times stronger
than it now has. Just 20,000 years ago, enough Joule heat would have been generated to liquefy the earth. One million years
ago the earth would have had greater magnetism than all objects in the universe, and it would have vaporized! It would appear
that the earth could not be over 6000 or 7000 years old. (On the accompanying graph, beyond the point where the curve becomes
vertical, our planet would have had the magnetosphere power of a magnetic star!)
"The over-all intensity of the field is declining at a rate of 26 nanoteslas per year
. . If the rate of decline were to continue steadily, the field strength would reach zero in 1,200 years."—*"Magnetic
Field Declining," Science News, June 28, 1980.
"In the next two millennia, if the present rate of decay is sustained, the dipole component
of the [earth's magnetic] field should reach zero."—*Scientific American, December 1989.
This magnetic decay process is not a local process, such as one would find in uranium,
but worldwide; it affects the entire earth. It has been accurately measured for over 150 years, and is not subject to environmental
changes since it is generated deep in the earth's interior.
If any fundamental planetary process ought to be a reliable indicator of the earth's
age, it should be our earth's magnetic field—and it indicates an upper limit of
decidedly less than 10,000 years for the age of the earth.
Most of the factors described above would apply to the age of the earth, which appears
to be decidedly less than 10,000 years.
Most of the following items of evidence would apply to the length of time since the Flood,
which evidence indicates may have occurred about 4350 years ago.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM BENEATH THE SURFACE that the earth is quite
But natural gas can still get through the shale cap. A recent study analyzed the rate
of escape of gas through shale caps. It was found to be far too rapid for acceptance by evolutionary theory. If the world
were billions of years old, all the natural gas would already have escaped.
"Why do we see an explosive gusher when a drill strikes oil? Because oil, like natural
gas, is maintained in the earth at enormously high pressure—about 5000 pounds per square inch at a depth of 10,000 feet.
Supposedly oil and gas have been lying there for millions of years. But how could they have lasted that long without leaking
or otherwise dissipating those extreme pressures."—James Perloff, Tornado in a Junkyard (1999), p. 136.
34 - OIL SEEPAGE—A 1972 article,
by *Max Blumer, (*"Submarine Seeps: Are They a Major Source of Open Ocean Oil Pollution?" in Science, Vol. 176, p. 1257)
offers decided evidence that the earth's crust is not as old as evolutionary geologists had thought. *Blumer says
that oil seepage from the seafloor cannot be a source of oceanic oil pollution. He explains that if that much had been regularly
seeping out of the ocean floor, all the oil in offshore wells would be gone long ago if the earth were older than 20,000 years.
In contrast, geologists have already located 630 billion barrels [1,002 billion kl] of
oil that can be recovered from offshore wells. But if our planet were older than 20,000 years, there would be no offshore
oil of any kind to locate and recover through oil rigs.
The greater part of the earlier volcanism apparently occurred within a narrow band of
time just after the Flood. If it had lasted longer, our world today would have a far larger amount of volcanic material covering
its surface. Instead we find that the Deluge primarily laid down the sedimentary deposits.
But even today's volcanoes are an indication of an early age for the earth. If
even the present low rate of volcanic activity had continued for the long ages claimed by evolutionists for earth's
history, there would be far more lava than there now is. Only a young age for our world can explain the conditions we see
on earth's surface now.
Zircon crystals were taken in core samples from five levels of a very hot, dry 15,000-foot
[45,720 dm] hole in New Mexico, with temperatures always above 313° C. [595.4° F.]. That is more than 200° C. [392° F.] hotter
than the sea-level temperature of boiling water.
Radiogenic lead gradually leaks out of zircon crystals, and does so more rapidly as the
temperature increases. But careful examination revealed that essentially none of the radiogenic lead had diffused out of that
super-heated zircon. This evidence points strongly to a young age for the earth.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM THE EARTH'S SURFACE that the earth
is quite young:
But, of course, the worldwide Flood, the existence of which is clearly established by
rock strata and other geological evidence, would have been responsible for a massive amount of initial erosion of the falls.
There are a number of large waterfalls in the world which plunge into gorges; and, over
the centuries past, these were dug out as the waterfall gradually eroded away the cliff beneath it. In each instance, the
distance of the cut that has been made, in relation to the amount of erosion that is being made each year by the falls, indicates
only a few thousand years since the falls began.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM THE OCEANS that the earth is quite young:
The Mississippi-Missouri river system is the longest in the world and is about 4221 miles
[6,792 km] in length. Because, below Cape Girardeau, flatland inundation along the Mississippi has always been a problem,
over a hundred years ago, Congress commissioned *General Andrew A. Humphreys to make a survey of the whole area. It was completed
in 1861. The English evolutionist, *Charles Lyell, had earlier made a superficial examination of the river and its delta and
declared the river system to be 60,000 years old since, he said, the delta was 528 feet [1609 dm] deep.
But Humphreys showed that the actual depth of the delta was only 40 feet. Below that
was the blue clay of the Gulf, and below that, marine fossils. His discovery revealed that the lower Mississippi valley used
to be a marine estuary. Using Lyell's formula for age computation, Humphreys arrived at an age of about 4620 years,
which would be approximately the time of the Genesis Flood.
Less data is available for other world river systems, but what is known agrees with findings
about the age of the Mississippi delta.
Ur of the Chaldees was a seaport several thousand years ago. Today it is almost 200 miles
[322 km] from the Persian Gulf. That distance was filled in as delta formation filled from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Archaeologists date the seaport Ur at 3500 B.C. Assuming that date, the delta formed at 35 miles [56 km] for every 1000 years.
According to evolutionary theory, everything occurs at a uniform rate and the earth is
billions of years old. If that is so, 80,000 years ago the Persian Gulf would have reached to Paris! At the same rate of delta
formation, 120,000 years ago the Gulf of Mexico would have extended up through the Mississippi River—to the North Pole!
An excellent example of this is the topology of Monterey Bay, California. It is filled
with steep underwater canyons—so steep that small avalanches occur on them quite frequently. (See *"Between Monterey
Tides," National Geographic, February 1990, pp. 2-43; especially note map on pp. 10-11.) If the earth were as old as the
evolutionists claim, all this would long ago have been flattened out.
The average depth of sediments on the ocean floor is only a little over
Plate tectonics theory (chapter 20, Paleomagnetism [omitted from this book for
lack of space; you will find it in chapter 26 on our website]) declares that gradually subducting plates bury themselves
deep into the earth, carrying with them the sediments on top of them. But, according to that theory, this would only remove
about 2.75 x 10
The 60 miles [96.6 km] of ocean sediments needed by the evolutionists for their theory
is hopelessly missing.
Of the 51 primary chemical elements contained in seawater, twenty could have accumulated
to their present concentrations in 1000 years or less, 9 additional elements in no more than 10,000 years, and 8 others in
no more than 100,000 years. For example, the nitrates in the oceans could have accumulated within 13,000 years.
"Estimated old ages for the earth are frequently based on 'clocks' that today
are ticking at very slow rates. For example, coral growth rates were for many years thought to be very slow, implying that
some coral reefs must be hundreds of thousands of years old. More accurate measurements of these rates under favorable growth
conditions now show us that no known coral formation need be older than 3,500 years (A.A. Roth, 'Coral Reef Growth,'
Origins, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1979, pp. 88-95)."—W.T. Brown, In the Beginning (1989), p. 14.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM LIVING THINGS that the earth is quite young:
The University of Arizona has a department that specializes in tree dating. *Edmund Schulman
of its Dendrochronological Laboratory discovered a stand of still older trees in the White Mountains of California. These
were bristlecone pines (Pinus longalva).
Beginning in 1978, Walter Lammerts, a plant scientist, spent several years working with
bristlecone pine seedlings in their native habitat of Arizona. He discovered that the San Francisco Mountain region, in which
they grow, has spring and fall rains with a very dry summer in between. Working carefully with the seedlings and giving them
the same type of watering and other climatic conditions that they would normally receive,—he found that much of the
time the bristlecone pines produce two growth rings a year. This is an important discovery, for it would indicate that the
sequoias—not the bristlecone pines—are probably the oldest living things on earth.
Think of it! Today we have just ONE generation of the Sequoia gigantea! Both the
parent trees and their offspring are still alive. There is no record of any tree or other living thing that is older than
any reasonable date given for the Genesis Flood. In the case of the giant sequoias, there is no reason why they could not
have lived for many thousands of years beyond their present life span.
For additional information on tree ring dating, see chapter 6, Inaccurate Dating Methods.
Much more information on mutations, including a more complete discussion of genetic
load, will be given in chapter 10, Mutations.
Next we shall consider EVIDENCE FROM CIVILIZATION that the earth is quite
(The information given in this section is somewhat paralleled by material to be found
in Ancient Cultures and As Far Back as We Can Go, near the end of chapter 13, Ancient
Man. Additional material will be found there.)
As is shown more fully in chapter 13, Ancient Man, the writings, language, and
cultures of ancient mankind started off fully developed—but are not found to have begun until about 2000-3000 B.C.
(1) Early Egyptian Records. The earliest historical books
are those of the Egyptians and the Hebrews. The historical dates assigned to the beginnings of Egyptian and Sumerian history
are based primarily on king-lists. The earliest records are the Egyptian king-lists, dating from about the First Dynasty in
Egypt, between 3200 and 3600 B.C. But internal and external evidence indicates that these dates should be lowered. An Egyptologist
"We think that the First Dynasty [in Egypt] began not before 3400 and not much later
than 3200 B.C. . . A. Scharff, however, would bring the date down to about 3000 B.C.; and it must be admitted that his arguments
are good, and that at any rate it is more probable that the date of the First Dynasty is later than 3400 B.C., rather than
The problem with First Dynasty dates is they are based on the king-lists of Manetho,
an Egyptian priest who lived many centuries later, in 250 B.C. Manetho's writings have only been preserved in a few
inaccurate quotations in other ancient writings. Barton, of the University of Pennsylvania, points out the problem here:
"The number of years assigned to each [Egyptian] king, and consequently the length of
time covered by the dynasties, differ in these two copies, so that, while the work of Manetho forms the backbone of our chronology,
it gives us no absolute reliable chronology."—George A. Barton, Archaeology and the Bible, p. 11.
Confusion in regard to Egyptian dating has continued on down to the present time.
"In the course of a single century's research, the earliest date in Egyptian history—that
of Egypt's unification under King Menes [first king of the first Egyptian dynasty]—has plummeted from 5876 to
2900 B.C., and not even the latter year has been established beyond doubt. Do we, in fact, have any firm dates at all?"—Johannes
Lehmann, The Hittites (1977), p. 204.
It is difficult to obtain exact clarity when examining ancient Egyptian texts. A number
of Egyptologists think that Manetho's lists dealt not with a single dynasty—but with two different ones that reigned
simultaneously in upper and lower Egypt. This would markedly reduce the Manetho dates.
Manetho's king-list give us dates that are older than that of any other dating
records anywhere in the world. But there are a number of scholars who believe that (1) the list deal with two simultaneously
reigning sets of kings; (2) that they are not numerically accurate; and (3) that Manetho fabricated names, events, numbers,
and history, as did many ancient Egyptian Pharaohs and historians, in order to magnify the greatness of Egypt or certain rulers.
For example, it is well-known among archaeologists and Egyptologists that ancient Egyptian records exaggerated victories while
never mentioning defeats. The Egyptians had a center-of-the-universe attitude about themselves, and they repeatedly colored
or falsified historical reporting in order to make themselves look better than other nations around them.
In contrast, it is highly significant that well-authenticated Egyptian dates only go
back to 1600 B.C.! Experts, trying to unravel Egyptian dating problems, have come to that conclusion.
"Frederick Johnson, coworker with Dr. Libby [in the development of, and research into,
radiocarbon dating], cites the general correspondence [agreement] of radiocarbon dates to the known ages of various samples
taken from tombs, temples, or palaces out of the historical past. Well-authenticated dates are known only back as far as 1600
B.C. in Egyptian history, according to John G. Read (J.G. Read, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 29, No. 1, 1970).
Thus, the meaning of dates by C-14 prior to 1600 B.C. is still as yet controversial."—H.M. Morris, W.W. Boardman,
and R.F. Koontz, Science and Creation (1971), p. 85.
Because cosmologists, chronologists, historians, and archaeologists heavily rely on Egyptian
dates for their theories, Egyptian dating has become very important in dating the ancient world, and thus quite influential.
This is because it purports to provide us with the earliest historical dates. There is evidence available that would
definitely lower archaeological dates and bring them into line with Biblical chronology.
We planned to include a more complete study on this subject in chapter 21, Archaeological
Dating, but we had to heavily reduce it for lack of space. However, you will find it in chapter 35 on our website, evolution-facts.org.
(2) The Sumerians. The Sumerians were the first people
with written records in the region of greater Babylonia. Their earliest dates present us with the same problems that we find
with Egyptian dates. *Kramer, an expert in ancient Near Eastern civilizations, comments:
"The dates of Sumer's early history have always been surrounded with uncertainty."—*S.N.
Kramer, "The Sumerians," in Scientific American, October 1957, p. 72.
(We might here mention that the carbon-14 date for these earliest Near Eastern civilizations is not 3000,
but 8000 B.C. In chapter 6, Inaccurate Dating Methods, we will discover that radiocarbon dating seriously decreases
in reliability beyond about 1500 years in the past.)
It is conservatively considered that the first books of the Bible were written by Moses
c.1510-1450 B.C. (The date of the Exodus would be about 1492 B.C.) Chronological data in the book of Genesis would indicate
that Creation Week occurred about 4000 B.C., and that the date of the Flood was about 2348 B.C.
Some may see a problem with such a date for the Genesis Flood. But we are dealing with
dates that are quite ancient. The Flood may have occurred at a somewhat earlier time, but it may also be that the earliest-known
secular dates should be lowered somewhat, which is probably the case here. It is well to remember that, in seeking to corroborate
ancient dates, we can never have total certainty about the past from secular records, such as we find in Egypt and Sumer.
A solar eclipse is strong evidence for the dating of an event, when ancient records can
properly corroborate it.
We can understand why the ancients would mention solar eclipses since, as such rare events,
they involve the blotting out of the sun for a short time in the area of umbra (the completely dark, inner part of the shadow
cast on the earth when the moon covers the sun). Yet, prior to 2250 B.C., we have
"The earliest Chinese date which can be assigned with any probability is 2250 B.C., based
on an astronomical reference in the Book of History."—*Ralph Linton, The Tree of Culture (1955), p. 520.
54 - WRITING—The oldest writing
is pictographic Sumerian inscribed on tablets in the Near East. The oldest of these tablets have been dated at about 3500
B.C. and were found in the Sumerian temple of manna.
The earliest Western-type script was the proto-Sinaitic, which appeared in the Sinai
peninsula about 1550 B.C. This was the forerunner of our Indo-Aryan script, from which descended our present alphabet.
The records of ancient languages never go back beyond C. 3000 B.C. Philological and linguistic
studies reveal that a majority of them are part of large "language families," and most of these appear to radiate outward
from the area of Babylonia.
For example, the Japhetic peoples, listed in Genesis 10, traveled to Europe and India,
where they became the so-called Aryan peoples. These all use what we today call the Indo-European Language Family. Recent
linguistic studies reveal that these languages originated at a common center in southeastern Europe on the Baltic. This would
be close to the Ararat range. *Thieme, a Sanskrit and comparative philology expert at Yale University, gives this estimate:
"Indo-European, I conjecture, was spoken on the Baltic coast of Germany late in the fourth
millennium B.C. [c.3000 B.C]."—*Paul Thieme, "The Indo-European Language," in Scientific American, October 1958,
p. 74.
For more information on languages, see chapter 13, Ancient Man.
It is thought that the period between 1650 and 1850 would be a typical time span to analyze
population growth prior to our present century, with its many technological advantages. One estimate, based on population
changes between 1650 and 1850, provides us with the fact that at about the year 3300 B.C. there was only one family!
"The human population grows so rapidly that its present size could have been reached
in less than 1% (3200 years) of the minimum time assumed (½ million years) for man on the basis of radiometric dating."—Ariel
A. Roth, summary from "Some Questions about Geochronology," in Origins, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1886, pp. 59-60.
The rate of world population growth has varied greatly throughout history as a result
of such things as pestilences, famines, wars, and catastrophes (floods, volcanoes, earthquakes, and fires). But with all this
in mind, estimates generally focus on 300 million as the population of the earth at the time of Christ. Based on small-sized
families, from the time of the Flood (c. 2300 B.C.) to the time of Christ, the population by that time would have been about
300 million people.
If, in contrast, the human race had been on earth for one million years, as the evolutionists
declare, even with a very low growth rate of 0.01 (1/100) percent annually, the resulting population by the time of Christ
would be 2 x 10
Men dream up theories, and then they call it science.
"These dates for the age of the earth have changed, doubling on average every fifteen
years, from about 4 million years in Lord Kelvin's day to 4500 million now."—*Michael Pitman, Adam and
Evolution (1984), p. 235.
"Dr. A.E.J. Engel, Professor of the California Institute of Technology, comments that
the age for the earth accepted by most geologists rose from a value of about 50 million years in 1900 to about 5 billion years
by 1960. He suggests facetiously that 'if we just relax and wait another decade, the earth may not be 4.5 to 5 aeons
[1 aeon = 1 billion years], as now suggested, but some 6 to 8 or even 10 aeons in age.' "—H.M. Morris, W.W.
Boardman, and R.F. Koontz, Science and Creation (1971), p. 74 [referring to *A.E.J. Engel, "Time and the Earth," in American
Scientist 57, 4 (1969), p. 461].
Those long ages were assigned primarily because of a 19th-century theory about rock strata
(see chapter 12, Fossils and Strata) and supposedly confirmed by radioactive dating (the serious problems of which
are discussed in chapter 6).
In this chapter, we have seen a surprising number of solid evidences for a young earth.
They all point to a beginning for our planet about 6,000 to 10,000 years ago.
The young earth evidence is powerful. As discussed in this chapter, (1) ultraviolet light
has only built up a thin layer of moon dust; (2) short half-life radioactive non-extinct isotopes have been found in moon
rocks; (3) the moon is receding from earth at a speed which requires a very young earth;—and on and on the solid evidence
goes, throughout the remainder of the chapter you have just completed. Read it again. It is solid and definite. (4) The lack
of ancient human records on solar eclipses is alone enough to date man's existence on the earth. Men are so intelligent
that, in various places on earth, they have always kept written records—yet such records do not exist prior to about
4300 years ago.
The evidence for creation science is clear and forthright.
In a word, it is scientific.
The sponge is a creature which lives in many parts of the world, and is regularly
harvested in the Gulf of Mexico. This little fellow has no heart, brain, liver, bones, and hardly anything else. Some sponges
grow to several feet in diameter; yet you can take one, cut it up in pieces, and squeeze it through silk cloth, thus separating
every cell from every other cell, and then throw part or all of the mash back into seawater. The cells will all unite back
into a sponge! yet a sponge is not a haphazard arrangement of cells; it is a complicated structure of openings, channels,
and more besides.
Yes, we said they have no brains; but now consider what they do: Without any brains to guide
him, the male sponge knows—to the very minute—when the tide is about to begin coming in. Immediately he releases
seed into the water and the tide carries them in. The female sponge may be half a mile away, but she is smart enough (without
having any more brains than he has) to know that there are seeds from the male above her in the water. Immediately recognizing
this, she releases thousands of eggs which float upward like a cloud and meet the male sperm. The eggs are fertilized and
new baby sponges are eventually produced. Really, now, Uncle Charlie, you never explained the origin of the species. Can you
explain anything else about them?
2 - Do you live near any of the types of evidences listed in this chapter?
Name them.
3 - On a map of the world, find where some of the things which are evidences
of a young earth are located.
4 - Out of all the evidences given in this chapter, which show that our planet
is quite young? Which five do you consider to be the best? Memorize them, so you can later tell them to others.
5 - Which five do you consider to be the most surprising? Why?
6 - Why is it that no historical records of any kind go back beyond only a
few thousand years B.C.?
7 - Scientists were certain that there should be an extremely thick layer
of dust on the moon. Why did they find almost no dust on the moon?
8 - List seven of the strongest reasons from the other planets that indicate
a youthful age for our solar system.
9 - List three of the best evidences from our moon that our world is only
a few thousand years old. Which one do you consider to be the best? Why?
10 - Which evidence from natural gas and oil do you consider to be the best?
11 - Why do evolutionists find it necessary every few years to keep dramatically
increasing the supposed age of the earth and the universe?
12 - How many of the large number of evidences given in this chapter would
be sufficient to prove that the earth is not very old?
13 - Why is the decay of earth's magnetic field such a powerful argument in favor
of a young earth only a few thousand years old?
14 - Write a report on one "early earth" evidence which especially interested
you. After completing it, explain it orally in class.
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Iowa Native Actress Tanna Frederick Founder Of Project Cornlight Expanding Projects With Production Company, Highlight Hollywood News
Actress Tanna Frederick founded Project Cornlight, an arts initiative that strives to expand the film and performing arts in her home state, because she couldn't believe how little the film industry was utilizing the natural resources and talent in Iowa.
Films that have been shot in the Hawkeye State — Bridges of Madison County, Field of Dreams and The Music Man — are memorable for their beautiful locations, but after a scandal alleging abuse and misconduct involving the state film tax credits, Iowa's reputation in Hollywood began to suffer.
A native of Mason City, Iowa, Frederick is also the founder of the annual Iowa Independent Film Festival. Each year when coming to the festival from her home in California, where she works in film and theatre, she was astounded by the local talent on display.
Inspired by this largely untapped talent pool and by the natural resources and sense of community in the state, she spearheaded Project Cornlight with the goal of developing local filmmakers and actors by giving them the chance to work with seasoned Hollywood professionals and rehabbing the Iowa film industry's image for other filmmakers.
Garner, Iowa, the project's first film, was shot almost entirely in the state and was written by on IIFF co-founder Richard Schinnow. Frederick took on the challenging dual roles of Kathy, a former teen mom returning home to face the past, and that of first-time producer. The film also stars veteran actor Tom Bowers and Iowa native Joel West and features many other homegrown talents, both on and offscreen. An early cut of the film will premiere at the 2013 IIFF.
Project Cornlight is hard at work lining up their next feature film project and future plans include stage productions, industry workshops and a screenplay competition.
You can follow us at www.twitter.com/HighlightHwd or on Facebook at: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Highlight-Hollywood/193119760769011
Written By: Tommy Lightfoot Garrett
Photographs are Courtesy: Project Cornlight Productions
Follow us on Twitter @HighlightHwd or @LightfootinHwd

subset: commoncrawl


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In the spirit of full disclosure I need to explain that I feel particularly connected with the Olympic Torch. I carried the Torch through Maple Valley, WA for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. It was one of the highlighting experiences of my life. (Click HERE for a picture.)
Now that you understand my background, let me give you my thoughts. I am appalled at the current protesting associated with the Olympic flame. the Olympics is NOT the right venue for voicing political protest, no matter how just the cause. In fact, it goes against the very spirit of the Olympics. It is intended to be apolitical and foster peace. It reminds me of the 1980 boycott of the Moscow games; what a tragedy for the athletes.
When I see protesters actively seeking to put out and/or disrupt the flame, I don't see their just cause on behalf of Tibet. I see hatred for the Olympic ideals of peace through sports.
I have more to say, but I am out of time for now.
Thursday, April 10, 2008
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German Cinema Now - Der Nanny
This event occurred in the past.
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Young industrialist Clemens Klina doesn't have time for his children and accidentally hires a man who actually came to him, seeking revenge, as a nanny for them. Movie will be shown in German with English subtitles.


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I feel grateful to have come to a medium so grounded in the earth and at the mercy of the natural world. Clay, just another name for the humble mud, is dug out of the ground, shaped by human hands, and submitted to the wild unpredictability of fire to take form. It never ceases to amaze me.
I hand build because the irregularities, indents, and fingerprints are evidence of clay's partnership with the human hand to take form. Before the electric wheel and kiln, communities throughout the world had developed advanced methods of shaping clay into functional, durable forms. Those longstanding techniques are what interest me most and where I feel the enchanting ancientness of the practice of clay truly lies. Studying from two communities who's perspective on clay are so fundamentally different has shaped and balanced my own. Japan - where the clay and the objects formed from them are so deeply precious and valued, the bottom of each work perhaps more important than the piece itself, where the shape of the foot and the artist's signature determine the piece's worth. Mexico - where clay is simply a way of life, and valued solely based on it's functionality and durability over an open flame, one artist's unsigned pot blending in with all of the other pots from her village that are made exactly the same way and have been for 60 generations back.
I am moved by ancient forms that once held such a rudimentary and crucial role - keeping water cold, fermenting foods, cooking over an open flame, serving tea to honor your guests- that now, in this world of plastic and industry and a general lack of ceremony in daily life, have lost their place in our society. Through my work, I intend to pay homage to the role that clay has played by creating forms inspired by traditional vessels that hold some semblance of the ritual and magic within their walls that their predecessors held from being handled and used over generations.


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To find out more about how we can assist your marketing, contact us today or request an appointment for us to contact you.


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Photo: Office of Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr.
In response to the Executive Order 13766 by President Trump to expedite key energy and infrastructure projects, California Governor Jerry Brown issued a formal request to the President for the environmental review of ten "high-priority" projects. Among these ten, four will directly impact Northern California's Bay Area and Sacramento in the Central Valley.
"These projects will enhance public safety and strengthen our economy," Governor Brown reasons in the letter.
The White House Council on Environmental Quality has 30 days to decide whether these requests are deemed necessary, based on their "importance to the general welfare, value to the nation, environmental benefits and such other factors."
The four infrastructure sites include:
1. Highway 101 Managed Lane Project in San Mateo County: Provides major congestion relief in this vital corridor that links two of the nation's top innovation and job-creation hubs, Silicon Valley and San Francisco.
2. San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge Demolition Project: Expedites demolition of the old bridge to complete this landmark project.
3. California High-Speed Rail Project: Builds the Silicon Valley-to-Central-Valley connection and advances rail improvement to benefit commuters along the Burbank-to-Anaheim route.
4. Oroville Dam Spillway: Completes emergency repairs to the Oroville Dam spillway.
Governor Brown also announced a four-point plan to further flood protection and dam safety that includes "investing $437 million in near-term flood control and emergency response actions by redirecting $50 million from the General Fund and requesting a $387 million Proposition 1 appropriation from the Legislature as soon as possible."
What's even more alarmingly is the backlog in transportation repairs Brown cites: "$59 million in deferred maintenance on highways and $78 billion on local streets and roads."
Stay tuned for more on how Trump responds to Governor Brown's letter.


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Love this...
When my kids were little I told them that there's a god, but he loves all his children. I told them no religion was right and that we are no better than anyone else. That people call god by different names because they were from different parts of the world. I was afraid, at the time, of the stigma of atheism and I didn't want them to fear death. When they got old enough, I told them the truth. Around the ages of eight and ten. I have two kids, two years apart. They were old enough not to advertise my beliefs and I felt they were ready. I guess I was a coward, but I believe I prevented them from being treated like a devil worshippers.
It's so hard living in a religious country. I still can't get over how a seemly intelligent person could believe that crap and dispute science.


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Capital City Ambucs promotes abilities, not disabilities. Our goal is to provide children & adults with disabilities with the opportunity to ride bikes. Our primary focus is on organizing fundraisers in order to raise money to purchase amtrykes which we then donate on a first come first serve basis to applicants on the wait list at no cost to the family.
Amtrykes help children improve motor skills, provide strength training, are fun to ride and offer the opportunity for inclusive play. They also provide a new form of mobility, exercise, and freedom to explore the community.
Handy Man
Cat organized the 2011 Halloween Volleyball Tournament/Fundraiser at Aussie's
Thanks to everyone who supported our table and Tryke give away during the 2011 R.O.T. Rally.
Austin C.R.I.T Tryke giveaway
Opal Divine's 2011
Summer 2014 Amtryke Building
brake expert
Do you know someone who would love to ride his/her own Amtryke? If so, please contact our Ambility Coordinator to get the process started.


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This stunning 19th century villa is superbly located in Rome's most upscale residential area within the world-famous verdant Borghese Gardens. A perfect retreat offering exceptional five star service, Michelin star dining, a new SPA by LA MER and a beautiful secluded garden with an outdoor pool.
As former convent, this palatial haven radiates a distinctive atmosphere, full of history and rich traditions, right in the heart of the city. The hotel is grandly dressed in marble and chandeliers reminiscent of a bygone era, whilst the spacious rooms are elegantly decorated, distinguished by fine, warm furnishings, artwork on the walls and large mirrors. Modern amenities include WiFi, air conditioning, radio, satellite television, direct dial telephone and minibar.
Enjoy an unforgettable meal at the two starred Michelin restaurant Assaje, lead by Executive Chef Andrea Migliaccio. Or try Il Ristorante del Giardino, renowned for its authentic Italian cuisine, perfectly positioned in the beautiful secluded garden.
The hotel is next to Villa Borghese Park and Zoo and within walking distance from some of the city's premiere museums such as the National Gallery of Modern Art and the Borghese Gallery.
After the hustle and bustle of the city, indulge in the tranquillity of LA MER SPA offering exceptional facials and body treatments, all using Crème de La Mer products. For something more active, there is an attractive outdoor heated pool and a fully equipped fitness room.
Accommodation details
Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 15
Check-in Details:
Normal Check-in: 15:00
Normal Check-out: 12:00
1.6 mi / 2.6 km from city centre
Room types and facilities
Sleeps 2, Bed Type: King(s) or single(s) Private bathroom, Air conditioning, Separate Bath, Minibar, Television
Sleeps 2, Bed Type: King(s) or single(s) Private bathroom, Air conditioning, Separate Bath, Minibar, Television
General facilities
- Health club
- Massage services
- Pool Bar
- Solarium
- Spa
- Elevators
- Exercise gym
- Internet services
- Off-Site parking
- Steam bath
- Outdoor pool
- Dry cleaning
- Safe deposit box
- Bicycle rentals
- Concierge desk
- Sauna
- Jacuzzi
- Laundry/Valet service
- Room service
- Currency exchange
- Onsite laundry
Dining information
• Assaje - An exquisite Mediterranean garden restaurant managed by 2 star Michelin chef Andrea Migliaccio
• The Grill - Cosy and intimate offering light meals and snacks
• The Garden Bar - With al fresco tables lit by candles in the evenings
• American Bar - An elegant, ideal place to savour a drink made to perfection listening to live music
• Sala Verde - Serving a gorgeous buffet breakfast and a beautiful view across the private garden and outdoor pool.
Additional information
Facilities include:
• Outdoor heated pool
• Brand new La Mer SPA
• State-of-the-art fitness suite featuring the ultimate Technogym and Power Plate equipments
• The Borghese Gardens opposite to the hotel are ideal for jogging
• Large private garden with alfresco Garden Bar filled with roses and flowers
• Twice daily servicing of your room
• Complimentary use of iMacs and iPads
• Complimentary car service to and from the Spanish Steps and Via Veneto
• Fast check-in and check-out
• Full concierge facilities
• Complimentary valet parking and private parking area •
• Complimentary bike rental upon availability.
# night(s) ---
from #,###pp


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John Kenneth C. Gorder (Kenken), is a highly versatile trumpeter whose expertise have allowed for opportunities to perform in a multitude of ensemble settings including sinfonietta, brass quintet, brass trio, orchestra, wind ensembles, mixed chamber ensembles, and jazz bands. He is the former trumpeter for the University of Iowa's Center for New Music Ensemble (CNM) under the direction of Dr. David Gompper. With the CNM, he has performed and premiered works by Richard Causton, Dmitri Papageorgiou, and David Gompper. His most notable performance with the CNM was performing the American premiere of György Kurtág's 14 Fragmente aus Rückblick Altes und Neues für vier Spieler Hommage à Stockhausen, which is a shortened version (20-minutes) of the composer's 70-minute long and incomplete work, Rückblick. Following that piece, he performed with the CNM and guest pianist, Conor Hanick, György Ligeti's Piano Concerto.
Recently, he participated as a performing fellow at the 2017 Bang on a Can Summer Festival at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art (MASS MoCA). During the three-week festival, he performed alongside members of the Bang on a Can All-Stars playing an all Louis Andriessen recital with the most notable piece being Worker's Union. Additionally, he premiered works by Liza Sobel, Connor D'Netto, Valentin Jost, and Daniel Brottman. At the conclusion of the festival, he performed in a 7-hour long "marathon" concert featuring the music of many composers including Louis Andriessen, Julia Wolfe, David Lang, Michael Gordon, Judd Greenstein, Mary Jane Leach, Lois Vierk, and Vanessa Lann, to name a few.
Gorder has also commissioned and premiered works by composers Jacob Pallo, Andrew Koss, and Tyler Katz in 2014, 2016, and 2017; two works were for trumpet ensemble and one work was written for solo trumpet and electronics. In addition to performing new music, he also performed with the Altoona Symphony Orchestra, Muscatine Symphony Orchestra, the HoodleBug Brass Quintet, and the Iowa Brass Quintet. John Kenneth was a semi-finalist in the 2012, 2017, and 2018 National Trumpet Competition, and a performer at the 2017 and 2018 International Trumpet Guild Conferences. He also served as an ensemble coach at the Interlochen Center for the Arts. Students of his have performed on studio recitals and earned seats in district and region bands.
John Kenneth Gorder earned his Master's degree in Trumpet Performance studying under the tutelage of Dr. Amy Schendel at the University of Iowa (UI). Prior to his time at UI, he earned a bachelors of science degree in music education from Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP). Former trumpet teachers include Dr. Kevin Eisensmith, Ken Brader, and Kyle Fleming.


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I live in Geneva, Switzerland now. I teach American English pronunciation at the US Mission here. I think it is safe to say that I won't be blogging again for a long time. Thank you for your support and love. I hope you are all happy and healthy.
Photo courtesy of © Genève Tourisme


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Excerpt from A Variety of Floating Wall Shelves:
Living room is a big space. You can easily put the shelves on the wall because usually walls are empty. To make a complete look, place the shelves above the sofa in the center of the wall. There are many types of floating wall shelves. Some are made from wood and some are made from glass. Mostly the shape is long rectangular. But you can arrange it as you like. You can make a shape of hashtag and even zig zag. You can also arrange it from the longer one below to the shortest one on top. It can bring the variety of look. Many people nowadays like to have a unique design. You can also put some small vase with living plant to give a fresh look. It can bring peace in your mind.
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Partnership Methods & Opportunities
With the current pace of technology advancement, insular research and development (R&D) organizations will rapidly lose relevance and value. ARL has adopted business practices that have created a truly collaborative research environment between it and the private sector in select technology areas. ARL has also provided the Army access to private sector sources of research with the requisite diversity and quality. Currently, ARL outsources 80 percent of its research program to academia with over 250 academic partners in all 50 states and to industry through a mix of grants, cooperative agreements, other transactions authority, or contracts.
Click the links below to find out more on any of the following partnerships:
- ARL's Single Investigator Program
- University Centers
- ARL's Collaborative Technology Alliances (CTAs)
- DoD Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
- Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions Program (HBCU/MI)
- Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs)
- Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRDA)
- Patent License Agreements
- Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program
- International Collaborative Activities
- Economic Development Organizations
ARL's Single Investigator Program
ARL's Single Investigator Program, executed through the Army Research Office, typically supporting 900 academic principal investigators per year, allows the Army to leverage world-class academic expertise, rapidly exploit novel scientific opportunities, and provides the venue to have many minds working multiple pathways.
University Centers
University Centers sponsored by ARL, accounting for $48 million in FY09, are university led initiatives that are focused on S&T issues of critical importance to the Army. Examples include: Materials Center of Excellence at University of Delaware, Institute for Advanced Technology at University of Texas, Institute for Creative Technologies at the University of Southern California, the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies and the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies. More information can be found here.
ARL's Collaborative Technology Alliances (CTAs)
ARL's Collaborative Technology Alliances (CTAs) are government, industry, and academia research partnerships focused on Army Transformation technologies in which the expertise resident in the private sector can be leveraged to address Army challenges. There are four CTAs: Microautonomous Systems & Technology, Network Science, Neuroergonomics, and Robotics. The alliances include participation from Army RDECs, other service labs, other DoD agencies, and other U.S. Government agencies. These alliances are cooperative agreements for core research with task order contracts to facilitate technology transition. Funding is earmarked for novel research proposals from outside the alliances. The CTAs have 5- to 8-year durations and are resourced at $3 million to $8 million per year.
DoD Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI)
ARL successfully competes for DoD Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) funding. This funding provides ARL an additional opportunity to focus academic research on Army S&T challenges.
Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions Program (HBCU/MI)
The objective of the ARL's Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions (HBCU/MI) program is to address the projected shortfall of scientists and engineers among the diverse populations of the 21st century, leverage HBCU/MI technical capabilities to fulfill ARL requirements, and expand the involvement of HBCU/MIs in ongoing research at ARL. ARL presently has Education Partnerships with six HBCU/MIs. More information can be found here.
Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs)
Educational Partnership Agreements (EPAs) provide ARL the means to assist universities in extending their research capabilities in areas relevant to Army needs and provide an opportunity for students to work on degrees in programs of interest to ARL. Benefits to the Army are two-fold. First, the university develops scientific and engineering expertise applicable to future Army needs. Second, students working on ARL-sponsored research receive an early exposure to ARL thereby expanding the possible talent pool for future recruitment.
Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRDA) / Patent License Agreements
Creative partnerships through Cooperative Research and Development Agreements encourage outside businesses and university organizations to share in the discovery of and investment in technologies. Patent License Agreements permit ARL to share important mission breakthroughs with industry, pushing the technology to commercial applications. Technology transfer programs and partnerships with outside R&D organizations will continue to play a central role in ARL's technology development strategy.
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program
ARL is proactive in its efforts to partner with small business. Through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program the Army gains access to the technological advances of small, innovative firms with fewer than 500 employees. The Army provides funding, per Public Law 106-554, for high-quality research and development (R&D) proposals of innovative concepts to solve Army/DoD related scientific and engineering problems, especially those concepts that also have a high potential for commercial use. ARL SBIR projects and our small business partners are regularly recognized for their technical expertise.
International Collaborative Activities
ARL makes full use of international collaborative activities with allied defense establishments to leverage our mission funded Research and Development (R&D) investments. ARL has a vigorous international program with the lead on numerous active and proposed bilateral agreements, as well as support to other Department of the Army (DA) and Department of Defense (DoD) agencies in their cooperative programs. These agreements enable cooperative research programs with allies in selected technology areas where their strengths complement ARL's and offer good leveraging opportunities. For example, tactical information processing with Germany, solid state laser research with Israel, laser beam attenuation with Israel and fuel cell research with Singapore. ARL has established a pioneering cooperative research program with the United Kingdom in Network and Information Science through an International Technology Alliance (NIS-ITA). Under this arrangement, the U.S. and the United Kingdom jointly created and funded a consortium of industry and academic partners to perform research which both countries, and the consortium partners, benefit and share intellectual property rights and will commence work to transition projects beyond the fundamental research program. In addition, extensive cooperative activity takes place through multinational forums including The Technical Coordinating Panel (TTCP), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Research and Technology Organization (RTO), and the five Country Senior National Representative - Army (SNR(A)) Working Groups.
Economic Development Organizations
ARL participates with technology-based economic development organizations to commercialize ARL technology and to gain access to non-traditional customers and partners. Joint projects and partnerships with Aberdeen Proving Ground R&D tenants, Maryland Technology Development Corporation business clients, other local economic development organizations, and the Federal Laboratory Consortium allow ARL to develop, demonstrate, and commercialize technology for both the defense and civilian uses.


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To prevent packing and moving disasters, with more than two decades of experience in the packing and moving industry, NST Packers & Movers comprehends that moving a home or office can be unsettling and will look like your safe routine world has been turned upside down. We step in here to help make your moving as simple as possible with minimum inconvenience and maximum safety. We approach the upsetting task with proper planning. With our expertise and experience we ease of this burden with our systematic approach.
We are a friendly and professional team fully trained to carry out such tasks. Our team will be equipped with sufficient packing boxes and other packing tools and materials for moving and other packing materials to ensure your move is conducted in the safest manner.
Product & Services
Household Relocations
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Earlier this month, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) released a
report on what it is calling the "
phantom menace"-a new superbug that could become a threat.
Although the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriacae (CRE) is not
yet something we need to worry greatly about, it is something that
infectious disease experts are closely watching.
Superbugs belonging to the CRE family are known to be resistant to most
antibiotics. The "phantom menace"--given its moniker because it
isn't easily detected--is actuallyless antibiotic resistant than
some other more common CREs. Nevertheless, it remains a concern
even if it is resistant to only certain types of antibiotics, says
Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease specialist and
professor of preventative medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical
Center in Nashville, because such resistance to any antibiotics
limits treatment options.
Antibiotics have regularly been used for the past 70 years to
treat infectious diseases. They can be credited with "greatly
reduc[ing] illness and death from infectious diseases," according
to the CDC.
The problem is that because these antibiotics have been used,
the infectious organisms have adapted, making the antibiotics
designed to kill them less effective--hence the term "antibiotic
In the United State alone, there are
2 million antibiotic resistant infections that cause 23,000 deaths
each year. It is possible that wide spread use of antibiotics
has led to
"evolutionary pressure on bugs to mutate and become
Before you go running to your underground bunker to hide from
the superbug (which, let's face it, is just one of many things you
may want to be hiding in a bunker from these days), one of your
most effective tools against a threat like this is good old
The World Health
Organization released a
report last month showing widespread misunderstanding among the
public regarding antibiotic resistance. Here's a snapshot of
information from that report to help you better understand how this
all works (or doesn't work).


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Dana's Compact Loft Full of Rich Colors & Textiles
Name: Dana
Location: Corktown — Toronto, Canada
I bought my 750 square foot 2 bedroom/2 bath loft in August and I immediately set out to make it a home. It's located in Corktown, a historic area in Toronto which has been developing over the past few years.
I grew up in the Middle East and I have a love for textiles, rugs and handmade objects. My style is a mix of eclectic, bohemian and mid-century. My home is a showcase of places I've lived in and visited, gifts from friends and family and things that I love and bring me joy.
It's a small, compact space, but the 10 foot ceilings and floor to ceiling windows make it seem vast and airy. I love coming home at the end of the day and even in the dreary cold, winter months it feels warm and inviting.
Thanks, Dana!
• Interested in sharing your home with Apartment Therapy? Contact the editors through our House Tour & House Call Submission Form.


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The Whiteboard, Part Ten
Hey everyone! It's part ten! Here is another installment on the continuing saga of Anne and her whiteboard. I am coming to the end of the story now, and I hope you haven't figured out who the "writer" is. If so, don't tell anyone! It's been fun writing this weird tale. It's also been a means to my getting some writing in each week. As my time gets squashed again with personal life stuff, I may not have time to do this for a while. Thanks for reading along! Be sure to check out my interesting tidbit at the end
The Whiteboard, part eight
Welcome to all my news fans and followers…if you are just now getting into The Whiteboard, you have a bit to catch up. We are about to start on Part Eight. If you want to read part seven go here The Whiteboard Part Eight by ©Kim Smith Anne rose from bed on Friday morning to go to the bathroom, and as she always did, she glanced at the mirror. Black marker dotted her throat as if someone had drawn the dashes to create a pattern to slice it open. She screamed in terror. High on the mirror was the handwritten
The Continuing Saga of The Whiteboard part three
Welcome to the continuing saga of Anne and her whiteboard. In the first two segments she has been exacting revenge on the writer who has mysteriously begun writing on her board by returning commentary. You can find part one and part two at these links: Part one Part two The Whiteboard Part Three by Kim Smith ©2017 The next day was Wednesday, and Anne always stopped for a cafe coffee and a cinnamon raisin bagel. This little mid-week excursion put her in her office later than usual. She hoped her mystery writer had been paying attention and thought they could enter
How to Write: the first chapter
It's day 4 of How to Write and today we are going to discuss that all important first chapter. There is a really great way to know what to put in one and I am going to challenge you to try it. What is this cool new challenge? READ A CHAPTER Not just any chapter, now, but one from a book that you think is like the one you want to write. The best way to know what goes in a first chapter is to read some that have already been written. I do not know what you are writing,


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Allegiant Air 15 Days of Telluride: Day 4, Glider Rides
With Allegiant flying from Phoenix, AZ and Oakland, San Francisco, CA this winter, travelers might ask what they can look forward to enjoying during their visit to the Box Canyon. Look no further than our 15 days of Telluride, a daily description of what Allegiant travelers can do during their winter vacation. Day 4: Glider Rides.
Yes, the skiing is amazing in Telluride but there are so many more things to do! A great way to see our beautiful landscape is through glider rides.Glider Rides with Glider Bob:
Although glider rides are a year-round activity, there is nothing like seeing the beauty of the snow-covered landscape surrounding Telluride from a birds-eye view during the winter months.
Visitors join Glider Bob Saunders at the Telluride Airport and take off in his two-person glider plane and hover over the San Juan Mountains.
Just another reason to fly Allegiant to Telluride this winter! See our vacation packages here.


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Evernote for the BlackBerry PlayBook is getting an update today. There's no word on what is new in Evernote 1.2, so please let us know if you find anything worth mentioning. If you've never tried Evernote before, it is a pretty slick app. You can use Evernote for:
- For research and class notes
- For client and sales meetings
- To stay in-sync with your desktop notes, web clips, and files
- To snap photos of whiteboards and business cards
- As part of your GTD system to help you stay organized
- To record quick voice memos
Check App World on your PlayBook for the update or download directly here.