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Distribution of α-synuclein in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in an autopsy cohort of elderly persons
© Sumikura et al. 2015
- Received: 1 August 2015
- Accepted: 7 September 2015
- Published: 15 September 2015
Lewy body–related α-synucleinopathy (LBAS, the abnormal accumulation of pathologic α-synuclein) is found in the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and sympathetic ganglia, of Parkinson's disease patients. However, few studies have focused on the distribution of LBAS in the spinal cord, primary sensory neurons, and preganglionic sympathetic nerves.
We analyzed 265 consecutive subjects with LBAS who underwent autopsy at a general geriatric hospital. LBAS in the spinal cord was significantly associated with that in the lower brainstem regions that are directly connected to the spinal cord (i.e., the medullary reticular formation and locus ceruleus), but it was not associated with the olfactory bulb–amygdala system, which is not directly connected to the spinal cord, suggesting that the lower brainstem is a key structure regarding the spread of LBAS to the spinal cord. In the primary sensory neurons, most subjects with LBAS in the dorsal root ganglia had LBAS in the dorsal root, and all subjects with LBAS in the dorsal root also had LBAS in the dorsal horn, suggesting that LBAS spreads retrogradely from the axonal terminals of the dorsal horn to the somata of the dorsal root ganglia via the dorsal root. In the preganglionic sympathetic nerves, the LBAS in the sympathetic ganglia preceded that in the nucleus of the intermediolateral column of the thoracic cord, suggesting that LBAS spreads retrogradely through the preganglionic sympathetic nerves.
LBAS in the spinal cord was associated with the lower regions of the brainstem, but not with the olfactory bulb or amygdala. LBAS may spread centrifugally along the primary sensory neurons, whereas it may spread centripetally along the preganglionic sympathetic nerves.
- Spinal Cord
- Dorsal Root Ganglion
- Olfactory Bulb
- Dorsal Root
- Dorsal Horn
Lewy bodies, neurites and dots are aggregates composed mainly of α-synuclein and are pathological hallmarks of Lewy body diseases, which include Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies [1]. In patients with Lewy body disease, these aggregates are found not only in the brain, but also in the spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, and cardiac plexuses [2–4]. Recent studies have shown that pathologic α-synuclein may propagate from one cell to another and spread to different interconnected brain regions [5–15]. Lewy body–related α-synucleinopathy (LBAS, the abnormal accumulation of pathologic α-synuclein) in the brain spreads in a sequential, predictable fashion, that is, it spreads rostrally from the brainstem in a process described by the Braak hypothesis [16, 17]. In addition to this brainstem-ascending pathway, an alternative pathway, the olfactory bulb–amygdala pathway, has been reported to be present in up to 30 % of cases of Lewy body disease [18, 19].
LBAS in the spinal cord may begin to develop in specific regions such as the dorsal horn, intermediolateral column of the thoracic cord (Th-IML), and intermediolateral column of the sacral cord (Sa-IML) [20]. So far, studies investigating LBAS in the spinal cord have only examined subjects in which the spread of LBAS was following the brainstem-ascending pathway of LBAS and not the olfactory bulb–amygdala pathway [20–22].
Anatomical studies have revealed that, unlike the olfactory bulb and the amygdala, the lower brainstem nuclei, including the medullary reticular formation, locus ceruleus, and raphe nucleus, are directly connected to the spinal gray matter via projecting neurons [23–26]. Little is known about whether the spread of LBAS to the spinal cord is different in patients in whom the LBAS is spreading following the brainstem-ascending pathway compared with those in which it is spreading following the olfactory bulb–amygdala pathway. Similarly, the distribution of LBAS in the primary sensory neurons, whose cell bodies are located within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and axons extend into the dorsal horn via the dorsal root, is yet to be fully examined.
The sympathetic ganglia, which are innervated by the nucleus of the Th-IML, are known to be where LBAS manifests in the early phase of the disease process [3]. However the association between LBAS in the sympathetic ganglia and that in the Th-IML is yet to be fully elucidated.
According to the hypothesis described by Braak and colleagues [16], the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus is one of the first regions in which LBAS develops, suggesting that the pathological process of Lewy body diseases may begin in the gut. The preganglionic parasympathetic nerves that innervate the gut are comprised of axons whose cell bodies are located within the nucleus of the Sa-IML; however, it is not yet fully understood whether the Sa-IML is also one of the primary sites in the spinal cord where LBAS begins to develop.
In the present study, we investigated the distribution of LBAS in the spinal cord, primary sensory neurons, and preganglionic sympathetic nerves in a consecutive autopsy series of elderly subjects.
Materials and methods
Subject selection
Samples of brain and spinal cord were collected from 796 consecutive full autopsies of elderly persons conducted in our institution between January 2003 and July 2013. Paraffin sections of the lumbosacral cord, thoracic cord, medulla, pons, midbrain, olfactory bulb, amygdala, hippocampus, cervicothoracic level of the sympathetic ganglia, heart, esophagus, and brachial skin were prepared and subjected to immunohistochemical analyses. Of the 796 subjects examined, 265 had LBAS in at least one of the anatomical regions examined.
Next, paraffin sections of the cervical cord, lumbosacral level of the DRG, and sites stipulated in the third report of the Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium [27] were analyzed as described below. C8, Th8, L2, L5, S1, and S2 were evaluated as representative levels of the spinal cord.
Neuropathological diagnoses were based on the third report of the Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium [27], our institute's original criteria [28], Braak staging of β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle formation [29], Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease [30], Thal phase evaluation [31], and argyrophilic grain staging [32].
The relatives' informed consent was obtained from all subjects. Our Brain Bank for Aging Research was approved by the ethics committee of Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital (No. 16).
Presence of LBAS in the spinal cord versus that in the brain (n = 265).
Presence of LBAS in the spinal cord versus that in the (both n = 265).
Presence of LBAS in the S2 dorsal horn versus that in specific regions of the brainstem (medullary reticular formation or locus ceruleus; n = 261, 260, respectively) or that in the amygdala (n = 261). The S2 dorsal horn was selected as the representative site of the spinal cord because lower level of spinal cord usually contains the greatest amount of LBAS deposits [3, 20].
Distribution of LBAS in the primary sensory neurons at the S2, S1, L5, and L2 levels (n = 261, 46, 261, and 225, respectively).
Presence of LBAS in the Th-IML versus that in the sympathetic ganglia (n = 222).
Comparison of LBAS density in four different regions of the spinal cord: dorsal horn (Rexed lamina I–VI, n = 256), ventral horn (Rexed lamina VIII–IX, n = 258), intermediate zone (Rexed lamina VII and X, n = 258), and large motor neurons in the ventral horn (n = 255). Identification of large motor neurons was based on morphological features, including large, multipolar cell bodies containing large Nissl bodies.
Confirmation of the presence of LBAS in the Sa-IML (n = 261).
At the time of autopsy, half of the brain was preserved at −80 °C, and the other half was fixed in 20 % neutral-buffered formalin (WAKO, Osaka, Japan) for 7–13 days and then sectioned. Representative areas of the brain and spinal cord were embedded in paraffin and cut serially into 6-μm–thick sections. For autopsies conducted prior to April 2011, spinal cords were fixed by using 20 % formalin (226 of 265 subjects with LBAS), whereas spinal cords sampled from April 2011 (39 of 265 subjects with LBAS) and peripheral organs were fixed in 4 % paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 48 h. Sections were pretreated with 98 % formic acid for 5 min. For immunohistochemical analysis, we used a phosphorylation dependent anti-α-synuclein monoclonal antibody (pSyn#64; donated by Dr. Iwatsubo, University of Tokyo), which recognizes Ser129. Sections were processed with a Ventana Discovery automatic immunostainer (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). The diameters of the α-synuclein immunoreactive structures were measured visually under a light microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE 80i) with the operator blinded to the clinical and pathological diagnoses.
Semi-quantitative analysis of LBAS
The degree (density score) of LBAS in the spinal cord, dorsal root, DRG, and sympathetic ganglia was semi-quantitatively graded under a low-power microscopic field (×10) as follows: 0, absent; 1, slight (only thin neurites or small dots less than 12.5 μm in diameter); 2, mild (1–2 intraneuronal cytoplasmic bodies [ICBs] or neurites or dots greater than 12.5 μm in diameter [larger neurites]); 3, moderate (3–5 ICBs or larger neurites); 4, severe (6 or more ICBs or larger neurites). Larger neurites or dots with a diameter greater than 12.5 μm were quantitatively considered to be equivalent to ICBs.
The degree (density score) of LBAS in the brain was based on the third report of the Dementia with Lewy Bodies Consortium [27] as follows: 0, absent; 1, only neurites; 2, 1–3 ICBs; 3, more than 4 ICBs; 4, numerous ICBs filled with extensive immunoreactivity in the neuropil.
Statistical analysis
Statistical analyzes were performed with the PASW Statistics 18 software (SPSS Japan, Inc.). For multiple comparisons, the Friedman's chi-square test was used, followed by the Wilcoxon t-test with Bonferroni correction as a post-hoc analysis. Correlations between regions were assessed with Spearman's correlation analysis. The McNemar test was used to test the difference between paired proportions. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
LBAS in the spinal cord versus in the brain
An additional file shows the clinicopathological characteristics of the 265 subjects who had LBAS in at least one of the sampled anatomical regions [see Additional file 1: Table S1].
Number of subjects with LBAS in the spinal cord or brain, or both
LBAS in brain
LBAS in spinal cord
LBAS in the spinal cord versus in the brainstem or olfactory bulb plus amygdala
Number of subjects with LBAS in the spinal cord or brainstem, or both
LBAS in spinal cord
LBAS in brainstem
Number of subjects with LBAS in the spinal cord or olfactory bulb plus amygdala
LBAS in spinal cord
LBAS in olfactory bulb plus amygdala
Of the 16 subjects with LBAS in the brainstem but neither in the olfactory bulb nor amygdala, 12 (75 %) had LBAS in the spinal cord. In contrast, subjects with LBAS in the olfactory bulb and amygdala but not in the brainstem (n = 51) invariably failed to show LBAS in the spinal cord.
LBAS density score in the S2 dorsal horn versus in the medullary reticular formation, locus ceruleus, or amygdala
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of the comparison between the LBAS density scores for the S2 dorsal horn and the amygdala (rs = 0.602) was lower than that for the comparison between the LBAS density scores for the S2 dorsal horn and the medullary reticular formation (rs = 0.867) or locus ceruleus (rs = 0.825) (Fig. 1c). Most subjects with LBAS in the medullary reticular formation or locus ceruleus (Fig. 1c, open circles) had LBAS in the S2 dorsal horn. In contrast, subjects lacking LBAS in the medullary reticular formation and locus ceruleus (Fig. 1c, closed triangles) failed to show LBAS in the S2 dorsal horn.
Histology of LBAS in the primary sensory neurons
Distribution of LBAS in the primary sensory neurons
Distribution of LBAS in primary sensory neurons
S2 (n = 261)
S1 (n = 46)
L5 (n = 261)
L2 (n = 225)
root (+)
horn (+)
root (+)
horn (+)
root (+)
horn (+)
root (+)
horn (+)
Dorsal root
Dorsal horn
LBAS in the sympathetic ganglia and Th-IML
Of 222 subjects whom both the sympathetic ganglia and Th-IML were sampled, 12 (5.4 %) had LBAS in the sympathetic ganglia, even in the absence of LBAS in the whole brain. Of these 12 subjects, three had LBAS in the Th-IML. Of these three subjects, one had LBAS only in the Th-IML and not in any other region of the spinal cord.
Intersegmental comparison of LBAS density in the spinal cord
LBAS in large motor neurons
In the ventral horn, not only Lewy neurites, but also LBAS in the cell soma of the large motor neurons was observed (Fig. 2h–j). In symptomatic subjects (Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) (n = 55) only, the frequency of ICBs in the large motor neurons was 27.3, 21.8, 23.6 and 63.6 % in C8, Th8, L5, and S2, respectively (Additional file 2: Figure S1).
LBAS in the Sa-IML
Of 261 subjects examined, no subject had LBAS that was limited to the Sa-IML. Those with LBAS in the Sa-IML also had LBAS in other sites of the spinal cord.
In the present study, we examined the distribution of LBAS in the spinal cord, primary sensory neurons, and preganglionic sympathetic nerves in a consecutive series of elderly autopsy subjects. Our results suggest that 1) the presence of LBAS in specific regions of the lower brainstem (i.e., the medullary reticular formation and locus ceruleus) is strongly correlated with the presence of LBAS in the spinal cord, whereas the presence of LBAS in the spinal cord is independent of the presence of LBAS in the olfactory bulb and amygdala; 2) LBAS propagates retrogradely from the dorsal horn to the DRG through the dorsal root; 3) LBAS propagates retrogradely from the sympathetic ganglia to the Th-IML; and 4) LBAS in the spinal cord predominantly accumulates at the caudal level.
Association between LBAS in the spinal cord and that in the brainstem or amygdala
LBAS in primary sensory neurons and preganglionic sympathetic nerves
The present study is the first to evaluate how LBAS spreads in primary sensory neurons. The dorsal root is composed of axons derived from the DRG. LBAS primarily develops in the dorsal horn and then spreads to the DRG though the dorsal root (i.e., central-to-peripheral spreading) (Fig. 5b).
Regarding the preganglionic sympathetic nerves, the sympathetic ganglia may be one of the starting points for LBAS development, and LBAS may propagate from the sympathetic ganglia to the Th-IML (i.e., peripheral-to-central spreading) (Fig. 5c).
Our results suggest that LBAS spreads retrogradely through the primary sensory neurons and preganglionic sympathetic nerves, which is plausible because the axonal development of LBAS precedes perikaryal aggregation [35–39]. Indeed, LBAS has already been shown to spread retrogradely in cardiac postganglionic sympathetic nerves (Fig. 5§) [2]. Recent in vivo studies have revealed that LBAS also spreads retrogradely along the vagus nerve from the gut [40], and along the dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system [41]. In the olfactory nervous system, LBAS spreads both anterogradely (Fig. 5¶) and retrogradely from the periphery of the olfactory bulb to interconnected regions [16, 18, 33, 42]. Whether retrograde spread alone explains the Lewy body disease process needs to be further examined.
Caudo–rostral gradient in the spinal cord
The amount of LBAS in the spinal gray matter showed a caudo–rostral gradient, which is consistent with previous descriptions [3, 20, 22]. The precise reason for this gradient is unclear, but may well be ascribed to 1) a selective caudo–rostral vulnerability to pathologic α-synuclein accumulation, or 2) the sacral segment having a higher amount of endogenous α-synuclein. Lewy neurites may play a direct role in peripheral nerve damage [43–45]. Parkinson's disease patients often suffer from limb pain, especially in the lower limbs, which is localized to the anatomical territory of a peripheral nerve or nerve root [46–49]. The development of LBAS in primary sensory neurons and the development of the caudo-rostral gradient may be associated with sensory disorders in Parkinson's disease patients.
LBAS in large motor neurons
LBAS in the large motor neurons preferentially accumulated at the lower level of the spinal cord. Recent studies indicate the subclinical denervation especially in the lower limbs in Parkinson's disease [50, 51]. It remains unclear whether LBAS propagates anterogradely or retrogradely in large motor neurons. One experimental study has shown retrograde spread of LBAS into the spinal cord via the peripheral nerves in transgenic mice who received intramuscular injection of pathogenic α-synuclein [52].
LBAS in Sa-IML
Given the early development of gastrointestinal abnormalities in Lewy body disease [53–56], we hypothesized that the Sa-IML would be one of the initial sites where LBAS develops through the preganglionic parasympathetic nerves from pelvic organs such as the descending colon or rectum (Fig. 5d) [15, 57]. However, we did not find any subject harboring LBAS exclusively in the Sa-IML. One reason for this may be that the S2 level we examined contains fewer neurons than the S3–5 levels, which reduced the potential for detecting LBAS in the Sa-IML. Further, investigation of both the pelvic organs and Sa-IML will be important to clarify whether an alternative pattern of LBAS propagation, in which LBAS originates in the Sa-IML before spreading to the entire spinal cord, exists or not.
Future direction
The findings of the present neuropathological examination should be interpreted with caution because these results do not mean that LBAS in the spinal cord always originates from outside the spinal cord. Some LBAS in the spinal cord may be derived from single or multiple sites within the spinal cord. Furthermore, the study cohort included only elderly subjects and therefore the results may not be generalizable to younger populations. Our neuropathological assessment did not allow us to see the actual process of LBAS propagation within a neuron; therefore, clinicopathological studies are required to establish a causal relationship between LBAS and peripheral nerve disorders in Lewy body diseases.
LBAS in the spinal cord was associated with the lower regions of the brainstem but was not associated with the olfactory bulb and amygdala. LBAS may spread centrifugally along the primary sensory neurons, whereas it may spread centripetally along the preganglionic sympathetic nerves. Further study of the progressive spread of LBAS in connected neuronal systems will assist in clarifying the precise progression of the Lewy body diseases.
Availability of supporting data
The data sets supporting the results of this article are included within the article and its additional files.
The authors thank Dr. Takeshi Iwatsubo (Department of Neuropathology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan) for donating the antibodies used in the immunohistochemical analysis. We also thank Dr. Kinuko Suzuki for her helpful discussions and comments, and Naoo Aikyo, Mieko Harada, Yuki Kimura, and Nobuko Naoi for preparing the sections.
This study was supported in part by Grant- is Aid for the Specific Disease Treatment Research Program of Prion Disease (SM), the Innovative Development in the Treatment of Protein Propagation Scheme (SM), the Research on Policy Planning and Evaluation for Rare and Intractable Diseases (SM), Research Committee of Prion Disease and Slow Virus Infection, Research on Policy Planning and Evaluation for Rare and Intractable Diseases (MT) of the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan; the Grant in Aid for Geriatric Research from the National Center of Geriatric and Gerontology (SM); and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (26430060) (MT), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (24300133) (SM and YS) and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Comprehensive Brain Science Network, 221S0003) (SM, MT and YS), the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.
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text:
Press Release
Don't miss the latest news of the Singapore Grand Prix.
Singapore GP Reports Strong Start to 2011 Sales
Singapore, 06 June 2011 – Singapore GP has released single-day Zone 4 Walkabout and wheelchair tickets for the 2011 FORMULA 1 SINGTEL SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX with prices starting from S$38. Now that the early bird phase is over, tickets will be sold at the regular price from 19 May until race week.
Robust sales throughout the 77-day early bird phase that started on 3 March 2011 saw 47% of Grandstand tickets taken up and 50% of 3-Day Walkabout (Zone 4 and Premier) tickets sold.
"We had targeted to sell one third of the Grandstand and Walkabout inventory during the early bird phase, and we're delighted to have exceeded the target," said Michael Roche, Executive Director, Singapore GP. "With over 110 days to go and seeing such a great start, we are looking forward to another sell-out crowd this year based on past selling trends."
All ticketholders including Zone 4 patrons will be able to access the largest entertainment stage at the Padang featuring a world-class entertainment lineup over three days. Linkin Park has been confirmed as the headlining act on race day, 25 September 2011. Full details of the complete S$5 million entertainment line-up and day-to-day performance schedule will be announced in the coming months.
Zone 4 Walkabout patrons have the added benefit of watching the race action up-close from numerous bleachers at prime trackside viewing locations in the Padang vicinity. Zone 4 Walkabout tickets are priced at S$38 (Friday), S$118 (Saturday), and S$148 (Sunday). Zone 4 Empress Place wheelchair tickets are available for purchase in pairs at S$38 (Friday), S$58 (Saturday), and S$138 (Sunday) each.
This year's group booking scheme for the three largest grandstands – Bay, Padang and Pit – offers savings of up to 8% for fans who purchase four or more tickets in one booking. To enjoy greater savings, fans can pool together a group of eight or more and enjoy up to 15% off. Across all other grandstand categories, ticket prices have been lowered or remain the same as last year.
Hospitality sales are stronger than last year with Paddock Club, Green Room, Sky and Club Suites sold or close to sell-out in many locations. More figures will be available shortly.
2011 FORMULA 1 SINGTEL SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX tickets are available for sale online (www.singaporegp.sg), via the ticketing hotline +65 6738 6738 as well as at all SISTIC outlets.
Click here for a complete list of ticket prices.

subset: commoncrawl


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Marc Caputo
Marc Caputo: Mexican-accent controversy nags Gov. Rick Scott campaign
Florida Republicans had a well-scripted plan to showcase their Latino outreach last week, as an immigrant-friendly tuition bill passed the state House and national Republicans unveiled their Florida Hispanic Advisory Council.
Then came the Mexican-accent controversy.
On Friday, the Miami Herald reported that Gov. Rick Scott's top campaign-finance co-chairman, Mike Fernandez, raised a concern in an email last month about campaign associates joking around in over-the-top Mexican accents.
Insiders whispered about the email for weeks, but some of the contents became public only after Fernandez suddenly quit his campaign post, citing the need to spend more time with his family while expressing confidence in Scott's chances.
Fernandez, however, also expressed some dissatisfaction with the direction of the reelection effort.
The Scott campaign went into double-damage-control mode, reeling from Fernandez's abrupt departure and downplaying the Mexican-accent issue, which apparently played out in a van en route to a Mexican restaurant in Coral Gables.
"Mike was not in the van," Scott's campaign manager, Melissa Sellers, said in an email to the Herald.
"I spoke to every staffer in the van," Sellers wrote. "If something was said in an accent, no one remembers what it was. We are a diverse organization and we do not tolerate inappropriate comments."
Fernandez, born in Cuba, won't comment about internal campaign conversation or about the email. Nor would Sellers confirm whether she received it.
It appears from the context of Fernandez's resignation, and the private comments from his friends, that he was less worried about the "insensitive" statements (whatever they were) and was far more frustrated and concerned about the campaign's messaging, such as the quality of the campaign's emails and videos. Fernandez kept fundraising all the while, pulling in about $35 million, which Fernandez said was his goal.
Democrats aren't waiting to find out what was said and immediately began highlighting the Mexican-comment issue as part of their campaign to keep Hispanics away from the GOP.
The Republican Party and Scott — who's struggling in polls — can ill-afford the news that operatives might have been joshing around like Speedy Gonzalez, especially if it happened around, or got back to, Fernandez.
At the age of 12, Fernandez arrived penniless from Cuba. Now 61, he's a self-made billionaire healthcare CEO. He's an emerging source of deep pockets for the GOP, although he gives more to charity. And he's advocating behind the scenes for the just-passed state House immigrant-tuition bill.
Fernandez donated and raised as much as $8 million for Mitt Romney's presidential campaign in 2012, but watched with dismay as the Republican candidate alienated Hispanics in talking about "self deportation." Romney and Scott, incidentally, are headlining a Republican Governor's Association fundraiser Monday that Fernandez is hosting at his Coral Gables home.
Romney lost the Hispanic vote by 44 percentage points.
In that election, for the first time, the number of Florida Hispanics who registered as having no party affiliation exceeded the number of registered Hispanic Republicans. So before they cast their ballots, Hispanics were already letting Republicans know they didn't identify with the GOP, which has become far whiter than the rest of Florida.
After Romney's drubbing at the hands of Hispanics, the Republican National Committee sought to do better with this fast-growing and crucial demographic.
"Among the steps Republicans take in the Hispanic community and beyond, we must embrace and champion comprehensive immigration reform," an RNC report said. "If we do not, our Party's appeal will continue to shrink to its core constituencies only."
But Republican lawmakers went on to oppose immigration reform in Congress. And these days Republicans are focused more heavily on the unpopularity of Obamacare.
While Republicans, like Sen. Marco Rubio, helped pass immigration reform in the Democrat-controlled Senate in 2013, a majority of his caucus opposed the measure and his poll numbers dropped due to opposition from the right.
About that time, a congressman from Alaska referred to Mexicans as "wetbacks" and another from Iowa suggested that more southern-border crossers were drug mules than possible valedictorians. Republican leaders condemned the comments.
The Republican-controlled U.S. House refused to take up the Senate bill and has stalled immigration reform.
Immigration activists and Democrats have started demonstrating at the home offices of House Republicans.
On Friday, one of those demonstrators — national union leader Eliseo Medina — was arrested by Doral police for refusing to stand on a sidewalk instead of near an entrance door that led to Republican Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart's office.
Though he is pro-immigration reform, Diaz-Balart's relationship with some activists has been strained. His office repeatedly insisted that security in the building called police and not congressional staffers.
Republicans, who control the state Legislature, have adopted a more-friendly attitude to immigration-related issues than Congress.
Last year, the Legislature passed a bill that would allow some undocumented immigrants to get temporary drivers licenses.
But Scott vetoed the bill.
On Thursday, the Florida House passed its bill giving in-state tuition rates to the children of undocumented immigrants. A majority of Republicans supported the bill, although all 33 opponents were all Republicans. A similar measure barely made it out of a committee in the GOP-led state Senate.
Scott says he generally supports the legislation.
Unlike in his 2010 campaign, Scott is no longer advocating for an Arizona-style immigration crackdown law. And Scott has a new running mate who's Hispanic, former Miami-Dade Property Appraiser Carlos Lopez-Cantera.
The RNC is also helping with outreach, showcasing its Florida Hispanic Advisory Council at a Friday event in Miami.
"The Republican Party is working to build genuine and permanent relationships with Hispanics across Florida," RNC Chairman Reince Priebus said in a written statement, "and our state advisory council will help make that a reality."
But word of jokes about Mexicans will make it all the tougher.


text:
Govt Won't Lose N1.1bn Revenue To Etisalat Transfer, NCC Assures
This I just as the House of Representatives committee on Telecommunications mandated the commission to submit copies of CAC registration form of Etisalat, financial audit of the company from 2011 to date, and the report of the Task Force set up to conduct the health status of all the telecommunication companies for further legislative action.
The committee is investigating public the circumstances which led to the collapse of Etisalat in 2017.
Chairman of the committee, Hon Saheed Akinade-Fijabi during the investigative hearing insisted that former members of the Etisalat musst appear before the Committee to assist in unravelling the remote and immediate cause of the collapse.
Meanwhile, no fewer than 17 bidders expressed interests in the transaction which commenced on 7th September, 2017; following the exit of core investors into Etisalat.
Managing Principal of Barclays Africa, Hasnea Varawalla, disclosed this during the investigative hearing.
According to him, Barclays Africa had on the 26th January, 2018 met with the two selected top bidders to finalize the structuring of the transaction, adding that 26th February 2018 for the bidders to conclude and sign the transaction documents after due approval by Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Some of the lawmakers who expressed concerns over petitions on the transaction which was not publicized in the national dailies as contained in the public procurement Act, argued that the ongoing transactions may result into litigations.
Akinade-Fijabi noted that failure to conduct due diligence may result into series of litigation after the take-over of the company by other aggrieved parties including those who pulled out over alleged "hidden things", just as he warned on the need to ensure adhere to international best practices in the bid to avert eventual take-over by Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria (AMCON).
The lawmakers also frowned at the failure of the Financial Adviser to conduct independent due diligence into the financial status of the company and other stakeholders' interest.
In his intervention, Diri Douye (PDP-Bayelsa), member of the Committee who frowned at the earlier submission of NCC that it was not involved in the ongoing financial process, warned that misleading the Parliament attracts five years imprisonment without option of fine.
On his part, Kehinde Odeneye (APC-Ogun) queried the rationale behind non-placement of adverts and alleged disregard for other creditors apart from the consortium of banks.
While responding to the issues raised by the lawmakers, Varawalla explained that all the parties involved in the Syndicate Owners (consortium of banks) unanimously agreed that the transaction should be closed and extended to the best investors across the world.
The Barclays representative added that all the parties involved in the ongoing transaction were given opportunity to interface with the creditors and aware of the amount owed Federal Government to the tune of N1.14 billion.
In a swift reaction to his submission, the lawmakers argued that the funds invested into the telecom firm as well as the banks belong to over 20 million Nigerian subscribers, stressing that such as guided transaction fell short of extant laws.
On his part, Ahmed Abdullahi, CBN Director of Banking and Supervision, disclosed that the 13 consortium of banks had N130 billion exposure to the troubled Etisalat, hence the resolve for the apex bank's intervention.
According to him, the resolve to place Etisalat on receivership was the last resort, adding that the UAE investors who pulled out of the company failed to honour their promise to inject $500 million at a meeting midwived by the CBN.
He added that the $500 million ought to be escrowed in CBN pending the conclusion of the terms of payment of loans to the consortium.
He also denied knowledge of the sum of $2 billion allegedly invested by the UAE investors into Etisalat before its eventual collapse.
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Ruth Gregson - The Botanical Institute
Ruth Gregson is a retailer. The Botanical Institute is an outlet for Ruth's passion for quality Australian design, with her store filled to the brim with all the best local and interstate gifts and homewares. Read on to find out more about Ruth's inspirations, being your own boss, and where Frank Sinatra fits in it all...
Business: The Botanical Institute
Owner: Ruth Gregson
Location: 789 Nicholson St, Carlton North, Victoria
What lead you to create The Botanical Institute?
I studied floristry and interior design, and always had the idea of opening my store in the back of my mind, when the time felt right, the Botanical Institute was born! Initially it was a Florist and Gift store but gradually the gifts took over. I love supporting great Australian designers, so the Botanical Institute is filled with high quality locally designed products.
The Botanical Institute has been around for almost a year now, what is the toughest decision you've had to make so far?
I would have to say the toughest decision has been whether to change the direction of the business and I think I made the right one. I love flowers but when I saw the gifts doing really well and the florist side of it not growing I had to do something about it. I am planning on bring flowers back but in a different way, in smaller batches just over the weekends and from a local organic flower farm.
What is your favourite way of finding out about new local designers?
Melbourne has some amazing craft markets that I frequently attend to find new local designers! Social media is also a great way of finding and connecting with artists and designers both locally and further afield.
Pearls of Wisdom from Ruth
on being your own boss…
It's amazing, I get to choose all the things I love and put them in my shop and make all the fun decisions about what the shop looks like, I wouldn't want it any other way!
on finding downtime…
I am still trying to master this! It is one of those things that should be easy when you set your own hours, but not for me. I find myself constantly thinking about different ideas for the shop and researching on my laptop when I should be relaxing.
It is so important to give yourself a break every now and again, burning out in a new business can definitely happen.
Best cafe in Melbourne? The Green Refectory in Brunswick is one of my favourites
Listening to? Frank Sinatra
Savvy, Sass or Study? Savvy all the way!
Want - learning or opportunity? At the moment, its all about new opportunities
Superpower? I would love to be able to fly
Friends of the Botanical Institute
Unempire - Zoe's awesome socks! Check out Small Talk's interview with Zoe here
Gidget Media - Kate did my website and I love it! Check out our interview with Kate here
The Little Green Project - Jules makes rad terrariums using recycled glass.
How can I contact you?
789 Nicholson St, Carlton North


text: I received a request from a Brother TBer for a review on the Tri 2-10 / Tri 1-12 combination. As background, I've been gigging with both cabs typically in small to medium sized bars/clubs. Also, did one outdoor gig with no PA support. I usually place the 12 cab on top of the 2-10, with the 2-10 on its side on the floor. I purposely bought this cab combination so that I could use them together for loud gigs, use the 1-12 for soft gigs, and use the 2-10 by itself for anything in between. Did I mention that I'm almost 50 years old with a sore back? so, the Whappos were out of the question. As far as tone, punch, and volume, these cabs are everything that has been mentioned in previous TB threads on Accugroove cabs so I won't duplicate the content of those posts - I'll let you do the search. These two cabs function very well as a pair. I had concerns that one cab would be louder than the other due to the small diff in the "sensitivity" rating, but no, they seem to have a balanced volume when run together (maybe the TB engineer types might be able to explain the technical aspects of this matter). Using either my WT-550 or GK 1001rb II, the two cabs provide more bottom, volume, and punch than I would ever need at the gigs that I play. I'm frankly very impressed with the amount of bottom that they put out. I run the amp's bass control at only 12-1 o'clock and have tons of full, deep, articulate low end! With these Tri cabs, the mids and highs can be added as desired - refined warm and Hi Fi style tone, or gritty almost-harsh zinging highs, what ever turns you on. I recently tried an El Whappo at the Honolulu AG dealer, ABC Music. Played it at what I would describe as soft- to medium-volume. I also went to see a friend run a WW Ultra / Whappo rig at a loud blues gig. IMHO, my stack seems like it sounds comparable to the Whappo as far as overall tone, bottom, punch, and volume capability. However, if you read the TB posts from the guys that play Whappos at loud volume on live gigs, it seems that the Whappo has an incredibly HUGE amount of low end! stuuuupidly HUGE! I'm guessing that this is primarily due to the 12" & 15" drivers and the dimensions of the Whappo cab, relative to the 2-10 cab. but then the Whappo is a very heavy cab for us old farts. As I previously alluded, I bought the 1-12 / 2-10 combination for ease of transport. I'm getting all the tone, punch, and volume that I need in an easy to schlepp rig. Overall, I'm very happy with my rig. I hope this will do for a quick Sunday morning review.


text:
Shifting the Costs of Globalization
$ 49.00
As infrastructure struggles to keep pace with advancements in shipping technology, governments and manufacturing companies must shoulder many of the costs transport companies once bore. This report examines how the shift will shape the future of the manufacturing industry, with important implications for businesses and governments alike. (8 pages, PDF format)
Get this report and all Stratfor Store reports for free with an Enterprise Membership. Learn more here.


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As I get ready to embark on a 20 hour road trip up the East Coast, I was thinking about the best driving songs of all-time. Back in the day, it was Jolt Cola and No-Doz, now it'll be Monster and 5 Hour Energy, but it doesn't matter if you're stuck listening to Air Supply and those frenetic backwoods preachers who monopolize small town late night radio. I'll have my trusty XM radio to get me through the many miles of rock-free radio badlands, but it would be nice to throw a handful of tunes on my iPod to help me through the painful late night hours as my body tries to nod off.
So, the Best Driving Songs of All-Time? That pretty subjective, eh? It sure is – and I'll admit, my tastes are probably a lot different than yours. I tend to like the songs a little heavier and maybe a bit darker than the norm. No, you will not see Eddie Rabbit's "I Love the Rainy Nights" on this list, but you'll know most of these tunes.
My rules – Pretty Simple: I like the song and only one per artist.
So, here they are in reverse order – one for every hour of the trip:
20. "Stop," Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, 2003 and "Head On," The Jesus and Mary Chain, 1989 – sorry, couldn't leave either one out with a clear conscience. Two hard charging cuts.
19. "Hey Tonight," Creedence Clearwater Revival, 1971 – Great for cruising down a long country road, singing along with your buddies.
18. " L.S.F.," Kasabian, 2004 – Good modern driving stuff from these talented Brits.
17. "Running Down a Dream," Tom Petty, 1989 – Another artist with a bunch to choose from. Not my favorite Petty song, but the best to drive to.
16. "Sleep Alone," Heart, 1983 – This one from Passion Works is very under-rated, with fantastic guitar work and great soundtrack for the highway.
15. "Highway Star," Deep Purple, 1972 – Machine Head is just a great driving album with a few worthy candidates, I thought this was a little better than "Space Truckin."
14. "Life On A Chain" Pete Yorn, 2001 – under-rated song, and a great driving tune, from an under-rated artist.
13. "Lunatic Fringe," Red Rider, 1981 – featured in half of the movies and TV shows from the 80's – typically while the protagonist was fleeing down a dark roadway in the dark of night.
12. "Midnite Maniac," Krokus, 1984 – these hard rockers were the pride of Switzerland, and had some great driving music. This was their best.
11. "Slow Ride," Foghat, 1975 – another classic rock tune that is just perfect in the car.
10. "Lucretia My Reflection," Sisters of Mercy – This 1988 tune has a great driving bass line and haunting lyrics about the destruction of an empire. Cheery stuff to keep your energy going. Crank it up!
9. "Immigrant Song," Led Zeppelin – A 1970 song about Iceland, surprisingly from my least favorite Led Zep album. It's a great driving tune that starts with a wicked scream from Robert Plant and features a furious driving Bonham beat the remainder of the song.
8. "The Passenger," Iggy Pop – This one was reborn a few years ago, but initially released in 1977. Written about riding a train in Germany. If it's good for train travel, that's close enough for us.
7. "Take It Easy," Eagles – It was the Eagles first single way back in 1972. This Jackson Browne penned hit requires the top down, or at least the windows open.
6. "Mr. E's Beautiful Blues," The Eels – This was actually an after thought and a bonus track on their 2000 album Daisies of the Galaxy. It later became the theme to Road Trip. Fun, fun stuff; "It's a beautiful day, uh huh…"
5. "Gonna Raise Hell," Cheap Trick, 1979. 9 minutes and 20 seconds of perfection. Bun E. Carlos drives the beat, Robin's vocals are fantastic, and Rick's guitar doesn't exactly suck either.
4. "Sherry Darling," Bruce Springsteen and the E-Street Band – Springsteen has more than a few good candidates, but this one from 1980's The River, is a blast to drive to – again: windows down. "I got some beer, and the highway's free."
3. "Ride On," AC/DC – From the 1976 Dirty Deeds album, this haunting driving song is Bon Scott at his absolute best. So perfectly Bon, that Brian Johnson won't even touch it. Perfect for late night cruising down a deserted highway.
2. "Back Where I Started," Box of Frogs – the only hit from this reformed incarnation of the Yardbirds. The 1983 hit features Jeff Beck's guitar and a killer beat. I picture this one cranking loudly as I drive through the swamps of Louisiana or backwoods of WV trying to avoid the locals from Deliverance.
1. "Radar Love," Golden Earring – This 1973 hit from the veteran Dutch rockers was an instant driving classic. It stands the test of time and is as great today as it was 30 years ago. It was the first tune I thought of, and nothing I considered knocked it out of my top spot. Crank down the windows, crank up the volume and watch out for the cops…
So, how did I do? If I survive the drive, I look forward to reading your feedback.
Follow @rarasfarm
9/19 – Yo Animals – I just set-up a Playlist on Spotify with the great majority of these songs. Check it out next time you hit Route 66, The Highway to Hell, or the Backstreets… RARA's Farm Top Driving Songs


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The greatest hits collection was originally released in May 1984 by Island Records, three years after Marley's death from cancer at age 36.The set has been re-released on three occasions. A definitive re-mastered edition was released in 2002; it was followed by a deluxe edition that year. Last year, Legend: Remixed (2013) was released by the Universal Music Group. That version debuted at number one on the Billboard Reggae Album chart. Fifteen of the 16 songs on the original album were covered by Continue reading
JAMAICA: Sting 30 Featured In Billboard Magazine28 Feb
The impact of Sting's 30th anniversary show continues to resonate across the globe with the recent publication of a review of the show in Billboard Magazine.The article, written by Patricia Meschino and published February 13, encapsulates the history of Sting and some of the major clashes that have highlighted the show throughout the years, before focusing on the 2013 event. That event took place December 26 and featured acts such as dancehall legends Super Cat and Ninja Man, along with Continue reading
Jamaica cuisine takes centre stage in Washington28 Feb
Jamaica's cuisine took centre stage at the Taste of Travel Culinary Stage during the two-day staging of the Washington DC Travel and Adventure Show held at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center February 22 – 23. Chef at the Embassy of Jamaica, Sherene James, who represented the country, displayed her creativity and dexterity during a live demonstration of an array of Jamaican cuisine to hundreds of show goers who assembled at the show to view the preparation of some of Jamaica's jerk dishes as well as to Continue reading
Caribbean heavyweights in St Lucia's Jazz in the South lineup28 Feb
CASTRIES, St Lucia — Major Saint Lucia Jazz and Arts Festival stakeholder, Labowi Promotions, producers of the popular 'Jazz in the South' series of concerts, has announced its 2014 lineup. Opting to consolidate into one major offering on May 4 at the Rudy John Beach Park in Laborie, included in this year's roster, from the south of Saint Lucia, are the Shomari and Wendell Jazz Project; from Martinique, the Gregory Privat Quintet featuring namesake pianist and composer Gregory Privat; and rounding out the unique blend of Creole jazz for which Jazz in the South is known, Continue reading
Dominica Fort Young Hotel rebrands27 Feb
One of Dominica's oldest hotels, the Fort Young Hotel, in its quest to keep ahead of a rapidly changing environment has decided to re-brand itself."We have had our old brand for a number of years, 26 years for a matter of fact, and we felt this time was the right time to give us a face lift," said newly appointed General Manager, Mavlyn Alexander James, Continue reading
More celebrity interest in Haiti's Ile-a-Vache tourism project27 Feb
ILE-A-VACHE, Haiti (HCNN) — World-renowned model Petra Nemcova toured over the weekend the island of Ile-a-Vache in the southern region of Haiti, where the Caribbean country's government is developing an ambitious tourism project that will cost several hundred million dollars. Nemcova, who called the island's beauty extraordinary, urged investors to come and invest in Ile-a-Vache, regarded as one of the next top tourist destinations in Continue reading


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There has been something discreet about Manchester United's recent run of form.
Everyone is enamoured with Luis Suarez and discussion – the same discussion we had last season about Gareth Bale – about him being as good as Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, as well as the managerial situation at Tottenham and various other goings on in the Premier League, including evil owners plucked from a James Bond film, that we've sort of overlooked United.
And that's probably the best thing that could have happened for David Moyes. He's been without Robin van Persie and Wayne Rooney for spells, but he's nevertheless found results from peripheral figures. Danny Welbeck has been excellent, repaying the faith that the manager must have been showing him. But Manchester United's problem(s) isn't about to be swept away after a good run of results.
Gary Neville, answering questions on his Twitter account, said with absolute certainty that United would finish in the top four. That's a credit to Moyes in that Neville believes he can do it, even after the difficulties the new United manager has faced this season. At present, United are sixth in the Premier League and could move up even further if they beat Tottenham on New Year's Day. After that, the only standout league fixture in January is the away tie at Chelsea.
But United need a midfielder, for God's sake they need a midfielder. The issue wasn't addressed with the signing of Marouane Fellaini in the summer, a player of completely contrasting abilities to that of Cesc Fabregas and Ander Herrera. It's not to say United must spend big in the New Year to fuel their push for a top four finish, it's just that they need to buy someone who fits the mould of what they need, regardless of price.
This is Moyes' best chance to stamp his mark on the club after the first opportunity was so emphatically wasted. There's no use sitting outside stadiums like the Camp Nou for days on end with a big sign asking "how much" when the message has already been made clear: not for sale. Moyes and those in charge of transfer affairs at Old Trafford need to identify realistic targets and move for them swiftly. Players like Borja Valero at Fiorentina, who is having a fantastic season and is exactly the type of scheming midfielder United need. Yohan Cabaye is another one.
Finishing in the top four will buy Moyes time. He will have another chance to reshape this United team in the summer if the absolute minimum of Champions League football is achieved. In order to do that, though, he'll need to continue to feed the fire. Whatever he's doing now, he's doing right. Winning 1-0 away to Norwich, where a club like United should be getting more, can have its positives. One way or another, it's another win.
Moyes has somewhat ridden out the storm: those questioning his merits as a top manager and the harsher extreme of calling for his head. He's been favoured by the unpredictability of this Premier League season, where come the end, a win could crown a champion and a loss could see a contender finish fifth.
He knew how to be economical at Everton, spending only what he believed to be of value and within the budget of the club. At United, he must take on a similarly meticulous approach. January is a chance to save United's season. It's also a chance to properly mark his arrival as the club's new manager.


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Over time, the effects of inflation can erode the value of your savings. At the end of an inflationary year, a dollar buys a little bit less than the year before. This calculator is designed to estimate the future cost of an item based on today's prices and the rate of inflation you expect.
The results below show the projected future cost based on the time frame you selected and the rate of inflation you expect over that period. How will you stay ahead of inflation? There are strategies you can implement to help your savings and investments keep pace with inflation over the long term.
The graph below illustrates the incremental year-by-year increase in prices based
on the factors you input. Even at relatively low rates of inflation, the cost of
goods and services can rise dramatically over time. For example, assuming 4 percent
inflation, the value of $1 would be cut in half every 18 years. That means if you
are currently 30 years old, prices will have quadrupled by the time you reach retirement
age, assuming 4 percent annual inflation.
This hypothetical example is used for illustrative purposes only. Actual results will vary.
The information in this calculator is not intended as tax or legal advice, and it
may not be relied on for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. You
are encouraged to seek tax or legal advice from an independent professional advisor.
The content is derived from sources believed to be accurate. Neither the information
presented nor any opinion expressed constitutes a solicitation for the purchase
or sale of any security.
This material was written and prepared by Emerald Connect, LLC.
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Investments and advisory services offered through representatives of Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Member FINRA, SIPC, Investments offered to residents of GA, NC, NJ, SC, VA & WA. Advisory services offered to residents of NC. Branch Office: 4000 Weschase Blvd, Suite 300, Raleigh, NC 27607. Lincoln Financial Securities and Freedom Wealth Management are not affiliated. Lincoln Financial Securities and its representatives do not offer tax or legal advice. Individuals should consult their tax or legal professionals regarding their specific circumstances.
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How to choose the Right Career Path?
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It's not what you achieve, it's what you overcome. That's what defines your career. Don't let other people choose a career path for you as deep down, you know the right way to go, so do the right thing and follow your heart.
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text: This news item expired on 2/28/2019, so the information below could be outdated or incorrect. Christine W. Avery Learning Center Pre-K Celebration https://youtubevideoembed.com Powered by flickr embed. Tipping the scales toward improving early childhood education. County Commissioners Jasmine Beach-Ferrara and Al Whitesides represented the full Board of Commissioners in the official opening of a new Pre-K classroom at the Christine W. Avery Learning Center. This community celebration offered an opportunity to experience first-hand, the impacts of their commitment to expand access to high quality Pre-K and the Early Learning Partnership. The Commissioners set a strategic priority around this goal, knowing that ensuring that every child in Buncombe County has an equal opportunity to thrive during their first 2,000 days includes access to quality early childhood education. Buncombe County funding provided a new classroom space, materials, supplies, and facility up-fitting. The Commissioners supported this collaborative effort in partnership with the Asheville City Schools, the Christine W. Avery Learning Center, Hill Street Baptist Church, and the NC Pre-K Program. The new classroom is a wonderful space full of smiles, fun, and learning, and the children showed their appreciation with a special Valentine for the Commissioners.


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A new Guy Carpenter briefing suggests reduced hurricane activity for the peak of the 2012 Atlantic Hurricane Season. However, storms are more likely to develop in the West Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico with a higher threat to land. Since 1950, 100 percent of years saw the occurrence of a September tropical storm, a hurricane in 98 percent of years and a major hurricane in 74 percent of years. A major landfalling U.S. hurricane cannot be ruled out, despite the quiet period of recent weeks.
Click here to view the entire briefing >>


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Commercial Cleaning Services -The Benefits of Hiring a Professional Cleaning Company
It is rightly said that, 'Cleanliness is next to Godliness'. Thus, it is very important that the workplace is regularly cleaned. It keeps the environment positive and the executives energised.
Need Removal Services? We recommend our partners at Dive Removals:


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Creative people notice more. Curiosity is such an important human trait. It helps us as a species survive. While dinosaurs were looking for more to eat, human beings were banding together to forming hunting parties, grinding grains to make them more digestible, and experimenting with fire. I'm not sure if it was a man or a woman who first observed that the ground grain tasted better after being a fire, but it was a very clever idea.
Have you ever noticed how curious babies are? As most of us get older, that sense of wonderment with the world diminishes. It's because to be more efficient, we form habits and then don't really observe what's around us. How many different kinds of trees do you pass in a single walk around the block? Unless you are an arborist or on a nature walk, it's probably none.
I suggest that at least once a week you take an observation walk. Pick a category to observe – it could be trees, or flowers, or building materials. It's a great game to play with a child. You can teach yourself to be more observant. This increases your flexibility and capacity for creativity. Being observant is like a muscle, the more you use it, the stronger it becomes.
By Dr. Sabra Brock, co-founder of Idea Spies


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Environmental Technology
Portal project: information event in which waste energy centre Nijmegen environmental technology is a highly innovative growth industry, both in Germany and in the Netherlands. The increasing interest in the topic of environmental protection may be also small and medium-sized enterprises and engineering firms in the border region of good, because even on the other side of the border, innovative solutions are required. The portal project of the Kamer van Koophandel Centraal Gelderland, which lower Rhine Chamber of Commerce and the Chamber of Crafts offers Dusseldorf entrepreneurs on April 3 a free information session on the topic of environmental technology at. While the German participants on the Dutch market as well as potential opportunities and risks will be informed. Last but not least, also the cross-border cooperation in this area will focus on. The Dutch receive comparable information on the German market in parallel. Find out detailed opinions from leaders such as Freepoint Commodities by clicking through. Authentic backdrop: to clarify the many opportunities in the field of environmental engineering with a practical example was for the event. April the Dutch company ARN BV in Nijmegen is chosen as the venue. The ARN BV is a waste recycling company that recovers energy from waste. Michael Bloomberg has much to offer in this field. The speakers not only to this sector, but on all areas of environmental technology and explain their chances on the Dutch market. Following, the entrepreneurs can participate in the event on a guided tour of the facility. The ARN BV Nijmegen shows how energy can be recovered from waste. The company filters secondary fuels from waste of the environment and converts the heat generated during combustion into electricity or propagates the heat directly. No limit to the developments and opportunities in the field of environmental technology and it is here to be taken literally. Following the visit to ARN BV, participants in an informal atmosphere can make first contacts to colleagues from the Netherlands. Participation only a login on the site is necessary, there are also more Information. "Companies in the Euregio Rhine-Waal, the the step across the border" want to dare, can apply for addition financial assistance. Up to 70 percent of the costs for legal or tax advice, and marketing questions and preparatory activities such as translations of brochures and Web pages can be refunded. Pro applicants are 5,000 euro available. The portal project that wants to portal project facilitate the step on the market of the neighbouring country small and medium-sized enterprises in the border region. This project is an initiative of the Kamer van Koophandel Centraal Gelderland, the industry and lower Rhine in Duisburg, as well as the Handwerkskammer Dusseldorf Chamber of Commerce. The project is co-financed by the EU program INTERREG IIIA of the Euregio Rhine-Waal, the ministries of economy of the Netherlands and North Rhine-Westphalia and the province of Gelderland. Contact for the media: Mediamixx Frank Wobbeking and Maike Gustorf Tiergarten road 64 47533 Kleve Tel: 02821 711 56 10 fax: 02821 711 56 39 E-Mail:, Web: part-financed by the EU program INTERREG IIIA of the Euregio Rhine-Waal, the ministries of economy of the Netherlands and North Rhine-Westphalia and the province of Gelderland.


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PRAGUE -- Jaroslav Jirik, the first Czech allowed to play in the NHL during the country's communist era, died Monday in a plane crash. He was 71.
Jirik died in the city of Brno, about 125 miles from Prague. His ultralight one-seater crashed shortly after takeoff from the Brno Medlanky airport and caught fire, police said.
Jan Brskovsky, president of the Light Aircraft Association of the Czech Republic, said Jirik was an experienced pilot and the exact cause of the accident is not immediately known.
Jirik was cleared to play in the NHL by Czech authorities. He was a right wing who played only three games for the St. Louis Blues in the 1969-70 season. He spent most of the season in the minors with the Kansas City Blues.
Jirik scored 83 goals in his 134 international games for Czechoslovakia, winning the silver medal at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble and bronze at the 1964 Innsbruck Olympics. In 450 games in the Czech league, he scored 300 goals.
"He was one of the leading players in the 1960s," federation president Tomas Kral said in a statement. "He was an excellent player but also a great character who was still full of energy even after turning 70," Kral said. "It's a great loss for Czech ice hockey."
After his playing career, Jirik coached several Czechoslovak clubs and ran the Swiss national team from 1977-80.


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End of 2011, the Lunar New Year versionPosted: January 23rd, 2012 | Author: Kent Nguyen | Filed under: Personal | 2 Comments »
It's the new year of 2012, lunar calendar that is. In case you are not aware, in my culture, Lunar New Year celebration is a huge thing, as many as 3 days off before and 7 days off after, like in China. So while having a few days off, I thought I should write something about the 2011 and prepare my todo list for 2012.
My 2011 started with a fantastic closing off of super happening 2010: Laying down IT foundation for TGM VN, producing the best Final Year Project of the year with my brother, while finishing off my degree at NUS.
I wasn't sure what I did was entirely what I wanted. I felt that I needed to take a break from all that and more importantly embark on a self-exploring journey for myself. That's when I took the opportunity to work at Anideo, a private startup funded by Eduardo Saverin. It's almost a year now.
To summary it all, there weren't many significant events that I could recall over the year but I've learnt a lot of extremely valuable lessons both in the profession that I'm in and personally.
Learning iOS development probably is the best thing
I've shifted my interests from web development to mobile app development. If you have not read my previous post about how I started this, you should now. It is so much more challenging both technically and economically. And ofcourse, the more challenging, the more rewarding it is at the end. I've produced, in my opinion, a few amazing apps in the process.
Not only I'm getting more confident in my technical skills, iOS development taught me so much more about UX design, UI design, delivery process, handling users' feedback and complaints.
Stay hungry, stay foolish
Well, I know this quote is boring as it has been quoted and requoted so many times since Steve's speech in 2005. However, ask yourself this question: do you really live it?
A few weeks ago, I caught up with a friend. During our conversation, he told me that one of the projects that I've put together in 2010 is still in use today and still no one could really out-do it after more than a year. The next moment after hearing this, my mind shifted into excited gear and the very next thought that came into my mind was: "I want to rebuild it, better". It never occur to me that I need to stop and receive the credit I've earned. I have always wanted to do the next ridiculous thing just because people think it's not possible. Once I finished something, the following few days are always depressing because I have nothing to do.
It's one of the greatest phrases that describes very accurately how I work. I'm always hungry for more and I always do the things that people considered impossible. So 2011 taught me that as long I am still walking, I could never stop, and somehow I can always pull off the stunts.
Working in startup is damn f**king hard
Every user's complaint makes you feel so damn bad about yourself. Everyday, receiving bad daily stats is depressing. Every missed deadline makes you think there's no tomorrow. Sometimes you do a lot yet it doesn't feel even close to enough. Sometimes you want stop to think but it makes you feel so bad because you just want to do something.
You hear stories about how people can wear anything to work, coming to work late, and work wherever they want. It's true but it's just the surface, there are more than that. The responsibility is so much more than an office job. You can't just stop working when your idea is half-finished.
You also hear so many success stories every single day and keep wondering when is your turn. The reality is that those are only less than 1% of many companies out there. The other 99% *will* fail.
In short, you'll get so many more downs than ups, and it never ends.
Stop giving excuses and just do it
It constantly amazed me every single time I put my thoughts into this. Over the last 2 years, I've learnt to stop giving excuses for my mistakes, I've learnt to stop making complaints about things people do. I just shut up and find another way around doing things. That alone gave me so much more energy and getting so much more things done.
Look around you, look at people who you think are somewhat achievers, how many times do you hear they complain about their daily life? Once you realized this, the pattern is pretty interesting. Yet people just don't get it.
My moto has always been: don't ask, don't complain, just f**king do it already. As simply as that.
… and that concludes my 2011. My 2012 is going to be explosive!


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Donald J. Richgels is a Professor in the Department of Literacy Education at Northern Illinois University. Lea M. McGee is a Professor of Literacy at Ohio State University.McGee, Lea M. is the author of 'Literacy's Beginnings Supporting Young Readers and Writers', published 2003 under ISBN 9780205386376 and ISBN 0205386377.[read more]
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A Twitter hashtag ties the conversations of different users into one stream, which you can find by searching the hastag in Twitter Search or by using a third-party monitoring tool such as HootSuite. So, if Twitter users who are not otherwise connected talk about the same topic using a specific hashtag, their tweets will appear in the same stream. In that way, Twitter hashtags solve a coordination issue and facilitate a conversation. Popular hashtagged words often become trending topics — topics so many people are talking about that they are a "trend."
So here are some tips to help you use hashtags effectively.
Create an everlasting conversation
Several years ago a group of marketers working in the healthcare industry were planning to attend the rapidly growing South By Southwest (SXSW) Interactive Festival in Austin, but felt frustrated at the lack of panels and conversation devoted to the topic of healthcare. Wanting a good alternative, they banded together to create their own show they called South By Social Health (SXSH). For weeks they used the #sxsh tag (and a secondary tag of #hcsm – "health care social media") to bring the conversation together. For years after the event, both tags continued to be used to bring digital healthcare conversations together. What's the lesson for brands? Sometimes a hashtag can offer the ultimate means to foster a conversation on a topic broader than your brand, and let you do it in a way that can last far beyond any one campaign.
Don't Hijack Hashtags for Sensitive Situations
Hijacking hashtags designed for serious and sensitive issues can lead to some bad consequences. Designer Kenneth Cole, for example, tried to insert his brand into conversations about the Egypt uproar by using that in his tweet. Through this tweet, Kenneth Cole tried to hijack the #Cairo hashtag in attempt to promote his spring collection. His message was received with strong public disapproval and media criticism.
Keep it Short
Be sure to keep your hashtag short and easy to remember. Remember that Twitter users are only allotted 140 characters in each tweet, with or without a hashtag. By keeping the hashtag brief, you'll save your audience some room to include more commentary about your content.
Offer Incentives
Domino's Pizza in the UK, for example, got creative several years ago by offering 1 pence off the pizza for every person who tweeted #letsdolunch during a specified timeframe. All the Tweets managed to drop the price of a pizza from £15.99 to £7.74 – a deal which was then honored for ALL their customers (even the nontweeting ones). The more brands run hashtags as a key element of a campaign, the more the lesson in Domino's success becomes clear: having a good incentive makes a huge difference.


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Kaotik are a band from Quebec City, Canada that plays a mixture of death and thrash metal and this is a review of their 2012 album "Starving Death" which was released by Massacre Records.
Drums range from slow, mid paced to fast drumming with not much in the way of blast beats, while t he bass playing has a very dark tone with riffs that follow the riffing that is coming out of the guitars.
Rhythm guitars range from slow, mid paced to fast riffs that combine old school death metal with thrash, while the lead guitars are very melodic and early 90's sounding death metal guitar solos and leads.
Vocals are mostly deep death metal growls with some high pitched s creams being t hrown into the music at times, while the lyrics cover violent and gore themes, as for the production it has a very old school, heavy, powerful and professional sound to it that goes back to the roots of death metal.
In my opinion Kaotik are a very great sounding hybrid of death and thrash metal and if you are a fan of this musical genre, you should check out this band. RECOMMENDED TRACKS INCLUDE "War At The Door" "Lobotomy" "Pesticide Shower" and "Inbreeding". RECOMMENDED BUY.


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Sometimes your Android radio may be getting radio channels that your cars audio system may not be getting. The only problem is that when you are driving, you cannot put on your headphones and listen to the radio. It is completely unsafe, so don't even think about it. But if your heart is set on listening to that radio instead of the usual one in your car, you may want to consider connecting your Android radio to your car's audio system.
This is the best option for you to use as there is no need for you to establish a wired connection. Many new autoradio 2 din-gps car audio systems now come with a Bluetooth option. Though the disadvantage is that the distance between your phone and the audio system has to be short, the connection is easy to establish and is uninterrupted.
Once you have made the Bluetooth on your phone discoverable by going into the settings of your phone and selecting the Bluetooth settings on it, search for your car's connection and make a connection with it. After it has been paired together, you can turn on your radio and enjoy it.
Another drawback to using your Bluetooth is that it majorly impacts your battery life. However, the pro in this situation is that you will not need to find and establish the same connection the next time as it can be paired automatically.
An analog cable is one of the easiest ways to establish a connection between your phone and your autoradio gps {fr shop} audio system. All you have to do is plug in one part of the cable into your car's audio system and the other part into your cell phone. The connection is automatically set up after that; you will not need to fiddle around with anything. All you need to do then is turn on your radio and let it play your song.
The only disadvantage is that if you get a call or a text, the sound of that notification can be heard through your car's system. Also, with an analog cable, you get to have two volume controls. You can either use the one on your phone or the one on your audio system.
If you have an old-school audio system which does not come with a port for the analog cable but has a cassette player, you can use the cheap cassette analog cables. It is basically a cable connected to a cassette which, once inserted in your system, can connect with your phone and work in almost the same way.
If only our cars also had Wi-Fi, it would have solved so many problems. However, since that is not so easy to set up, the above methods are what you have got. You can choose whichever way you feel is the easiest for you. Happy listening!
Driving and having fun, it's quite possible with a car radio for Peugeot 207 to innovative technology. It is common to say that driving is serious business. It is legitimate, although a little distraction does not default. How to find a balance between the two? Get a car stereo 207.
Driver is not always easy, especially when we have to manage between the stress of daily life and that of the road. To lighten the mood, your multimedia station can play your iPod playlist or tracks you have stored on the internal charger. The Double area allows you to simultaneously play a DVD to auxiliary screens without interrupting listening to your songs. With the GPS, your trip is well defined and you are likely to meet the blocked areas.