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Since we discussed front matter last week, it only makes sense to discuss back matter this week. Simply stated, back matter is what comes after the text...after "the end." Back matter can include appendixes, a chronology, endnotes, a glossary, a bibliography or reference list, a list of contributors, an index, a colophon, and an errata page. Just as with front matter, not all of these will apply to every book. All folios of back matter continue the Arabic numerals used in the text.
Let's start with an appendix (pl. appendixes or appendices). When you need to elaborate on something within the text but such an elaboration will slow down the action, you need to put the explanation in an appendix. The explanation is not an essential part of the text, but it is helpful to the reader by providing clarification in some instances. Appendixes consist of texts of documents, long lists, survey questionnaires, charts or tables, etc. But BEWARE: an appendix is not a repository for "odds and ends" that you could not work into the text. An appendix will usually follow the last chapter of the book. When two or more appendixes are required, they should be designated by either numbers (Appendix 1, Appendix 2...) or letters (Appendix A, Appendix B...), and each should be given a title. They can appear in either the same type size as the text or in smaller type.
Next comes a chronology, which is a chronological list of events that may be useful in certain books. If your story requires flashbacks, for instance, you may want to include a chronology. The same can apply to flash-forwards, such as in some aspects of sci-fi. If circumstances of your story happen at the same time for various characters in different places, you may need to clarify this in a chronology. WARNING: These techniques can be confusing to readers, so use them sparingly.
Endnotes are most often used when books are created by multiple authors. In technical texts, the endnotes may have to be placed at the ends of the chapters instead of in the back matter. They generally appear in type that is smaller than the text but larger than footnotes.
In order to make your book easier to understand, especially if it contains many foreign words or phrases or unfamiliar words, a glossary is a great tool for a reader. Words being defined should be arranged in alphabetical order, each on a separate line, followed by their definition. In some instances, especially with foreign words or words that have become obsolete in more recent speech (e.g., Old Norse), a pronunciation guide that precedes the glossary is a big help (considering that most people are not familiar with phonetic spellings and symbols).
Then we have bibliographies and reference lists. Entire books have been published about the methods for writing these, so we won't be covering them in any depth here. In general, they appear in a smaller type size than the text, and they are usually presented in the flush-and-hang style (i.e., the first line of an entry is flush left, but each of the other lines in that entry is indented below the first line). Your publisher will give you the particulars about the chosen method(s) used by his/her publishing company.
You may be only one of a group of multiple authors for your book, so a list of contributors will be a necessity in the back matter. Often only the volume editor's name appears on the title page, so the other authors are listed in the back matter (usually titled "Contributors") that appears immediately before the index. The authors' names are arranged alphabetically by last name, but the names are not inverted (e.g., "John James Doe" not "Doe, John James"). Following the names is usually a brief biographical note and academic affiliations. If only a small handful of authors exists, their names may appear on the title page, and a list of contributors will not be necessary. Their biographical data can be included on the copyright page.
The index (pl. indexes or indices), or multiple indexes in a printed book, is usually set in two columns to a page and begins recto. It appears in smaller type size than the text. In a book with both name and subject indexes (e.g., a cookbook will often contain an index of the names of the dishes, and a second index will contain the ingredients used in all recipes), the name index should precede the subject index. Subsequent indexes begin either verso or recto. As with bibliographies and reference lists, there are way too many methods of creating indexes for us to cover them all here.
An inscription, including the facts of the production of a book, is called a colophon. It is found on the last page of a printed book and is specifically designed and produced by the publisher. A logo is a representation of a colophon and is often used on the spine of a book where there is not enough room to include the publisher's entire name.
Errata is a rarely used page, only appearing in extreme cases where misunderstandings can be caused and things within your work can be misconstrued due to a severe error(s) that is detected too late to correct in the normal way before the printed book is distributed. For instance, let's say you hired someone to contribute technical drawings for your book. Just before the book goes to print you discover that one of the drawings needs to be altered, but the artist unexpectedly died just days ago, and you cannot make the necessary changes. Therefore, you must relay to your readers that such an error exists and that the book was printed in a "bound-in-errata" state. The errata page must also appear if part of your book is photographically reproduced from an earlier publication and contains something that is capable of being misinterpreted by readers. The page should be included in the table of contents. There are certain rules that cover the setup of this page, and your publisher will be able to help you with this if the situation arises.
So that's an overview of what needs to go into your book in addition to the actual text. Be aware that not all books will require such information, but if you book does need to include any of these items, it's important for you to ask your editor to fill you in on the particulars of your case(s). Don't allow your book to go to print without the necessary information for your readers. They will thank you over and over again for the info, and they will continue to buy your books because they recognize your expertise. Your readers deserve the best you can give them, and you deserve the kudos you'll get for publishing a book that meets all of the industry requirements.
Friday, July 29, 2016
Back Matter
Posted by Unknown at 12:00 AM
Labels: #appendix, #back matter, #chronology, #colophon, #endnotes, #errata, #glossary
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Original novel currently existing only on void_nothing/Nyarlathotep/Alex's hard drive.
The cast:Alex - The main character and narrator, a paranoid, eccentric genius young mortal actor who finds he can access magical and psionic powers... as can the rest of the world. He winds up with a demonic heartstone wedged in his chest, the ability to generate non-Euclidean multi-dimensional objects, and the mantle of the Spirit of Lust.Natalie - Alex's best friend, confidant, and occasional object of lust, a year older than him. She often seems detatched and cynical, but is truly a fangirl at heart. Also, she's one of the world's most powerful summoners. And a seraph.Gabe - The main cast's insecure 6-foot-4 gay Jewish Hispanic strong guy. He can absorb stone into his skin, increasing his strength and durability.Joshua - Alex's friend with the terrifying ability to freeze magic and matter, which will eventually run the universe down to absolute zero. Despite this chilling power, he's warm, friendly, and loves a good joke.Narsingh Thundermask - The Big Bad, a shapeshifting rakshasha with terrifying ambitions.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Memory, technology, and documentation are crucial to both Krapp's Last Tape (Samuel Beckett's one-act, one-man play from 1958) and The Marnie Tape (an evolving thesis project by San Marcos-based artist Kellen Stanley), which act as two sides of a strange coin in Rewound: a night directed by Kellen Stanley. Internal dialogue and self-reflection also unite the two plays, which employ tapes to re-examine symbolic moments from the past. Presented as complementary works in one "double bill theatrical performance with sensory components," Stanley's Contemporary Art Month offering incorporates live actors and musicians as well as projections and recorded playback. $7, doors at 7pm, curtain at 7:30pm Wed, Mar 23; Thu, Mar 25; and Fri, Mar 26; TRANSIT: a cooperative for artists in transition, 1907 S St. Mary's, (210) 464-7822, email@example.com, contemporaryartmonth.com.
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Join Deke McClelland for an in-depth discussion in this video Gear that I used: The SeaLife DC1400 and the GoPro HERO4 Black, part of Enhancing Underwater Photos with Photoshop.
- As I mentioned up front, where the gear is concerned, the real star of this show is Photoshop. In contrast the two cameras I used were fairly conventional. Even so, I figured it may help you when planning your underwater adventures to know what I was working with. This here is a Sealife DC1400 with an optional Sea Dragon Strobe and wide angle lens, which can be had for about a thousand bucks. It captures 14 million pixels and automatically compensates for the blueness of the ocean.
But it saves JPEGs, there is no RAW, and it auto-sharpens every photo. And while this may look like a pretty hefty device, the actual camera itself is relatively tiny. So when you're on dry land you can slip it in your pocket and it offers such luxuries as autofocus and zoom. My second camera, and the one I used most, was this GoPro HERO4 Black, mounted on a telescoping pole. A $500 solution that I lovingly call a GoPro on a stick.
It captures 12 megapixel JPEGs, and the HERO4 Black has a fixed lens with no viewfinder which means that you're shooting wide and blind. But it offers a ton of extras including the option to capture sustained movies at 24 frames per second with 8 million pixels per frame, which basically ensures that at least one frame in any movie is going to be a decent shot. And it offers a feature called Protune, which prevents the camera from correcting or sharpening its images.
As a result, the unmodified frames look washed out and blue, but as you'll see that gives us tons of room for improvement in Photoshop and Camera Raw. So if you own a GoPro, be sure to turn Protune on. Now, by all rights, I should have added a red filter and a macro lens, both of which come with this Switchblade 2.0. But, and I have to be honest here, even though I bought this lens, I forgot to pack it. So, if anything, your shots are going to look better than mine.
And mine ended up looking great! So that's what I had. And naturally, if you use different gear, you're going to get different results. Which is why I try to cover as many different scenarios as possible. My sincere hope is that no matter who you are, you'll find lots of practical advice and inspiration in the following movies.
AuthorDeke McClelland
- Selecting the best frame of a fish in motion
- Correcting contrast
- Enhancing clarity
- Bringing out color and beauty in Camera Raw
- Sharpening a moving target with Shake Reduction
- Correcting lens distortion
- Developing black-and-white versions of underwater photos
- Creating a looping movie or animated GIF
- Framing macro shots
- Simulating depth of field with Gaussian Blur
Skill Level Advanced
Related Courses
Photoshop CC 2013 One-on-One: Intermediatewith Deke McClelland10h 37m Intermediate
Deke's Techniqueswith Deke McClelland132h 36m Intermediate
1. Something Basic: The Moon Jelly
2. A Fish Worth Remembering: The Angelfish
3. Something More Colorful: The Parrotfish
4. Large and in Charge: The Grouper
5. Everyone's Favorite: The Sea Turtle
6. The Nightlife: The Octopus and Other Invertebrates
7. Watch Your Fingers: Moray and Other Eels
8. Swimming with Sharks
Adding titles to your movie6m 57s
9. A Last Lucky Rarity: The Bearded Fireworm
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Business Partnerships are Notoriously Bad
Now I am not going to generalise and say that all business partnerships are bad, there are some really successful ones too. This blog however will give you a few things to think about if you are considering a business partnership of any sort.
A business partnership can break down like a messy and expensive divorce. It can be bitter, nasty, expensive, cause stress; lawsuits and a whole lot more.
When you are setting up a business you are not thinking about how will end and if you are considering a partnership often only the positive thoughts are there.
Best friends are notorious for doing this to each other and ruining their friendship over the business partnership. What seemed like such a good idea at the start falls into such a state of disrepair that the friendship cannot be salvaged at the end.
You can however do several things in the planning stages to make some things a little smoother if things go bad.
Speak to a business adviser
A business adviser will help you to look at areas that perhaps you haven't though of. They will give you questions to help you identify the real reasons you want this partnership. A little devils advocate play to ensure you are making decisions for the right reason.
Speak to a lawyer
You need to create a partnership agreement, which covers all the scenarios both good and bad and how you will deal with them as or if they come up.
Speak to an accountant
Your accountant will ensure that you have the structure of the business set up correctly based on your individual circumstances.
In finishing partnerships are never easy, if they are going to work you need to ensure that your planning is the best it can be before you get started.
Take the steps required and really deeply consider why you need to be in a partnership in the first place as it may be easier to just do it by yourself.
Tell me in the comments about your experiences or thoughts on business partnerships.
Make sure you sign up to the mailing list for more small business advice blogs like this.


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text:
Still Sick; Jewel Tones Are The Cure
24 Oct
Hey folks! Sorry for the lack of posting. I was sooooo sick last week, which stinks because it was my birthday week! Anyway, I'm feeling mostly better, though the cold's still hanging on a bit. I managed the gym, so it's not all bad.
I took a fashion risk today with the socks and wedges. What do you think? I think I like it, but the socks are definitely thinning in some places which I didn't notice until I was at work. Whoops. I wish I had a scarf with some of the same colors in it. I'd make good use of that.
- Gap black ruched-sleeve blouse
- Levi's dark wash slight curve skinny jeans
- J. Crew olive wedge sandals
- H&M scarf
- Target purple socks
- Chou Chou Bijoux jewel earrings
- Unknown floral ball necklace
I'm glad to be back. Stupid immune system. Work harder next time!


text:
"SHANGHAI has ordered all live poultry markets in the city closed after culling more than 20,000 birds to curb the spread of the H7N9 flu virus, which has killed six people in China. The latest fatality was a 64-year-old farmer who died in Huzhou. He is thought to be among 14 previously confirmed human cases of H7N9, and is the second person from Zhejiang province to die from the new bird flu strain, with the other four fatalities in Shanghai. The moves came after the virus was found in pigeon samples from the Huhuai market in Shanghai, where Xinhua said a total of 20,536 chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons had been slaughtered."
"Live poultry markets are being shuttered temporarily for public safety, and all trade in live poultry banned."
This virus could be more dangerous then H5N1 Bird Flu, because it's often not detected in birds before it's passed on to humans.
Utmost caution is being practiced at wet markets.
Новости партнёров


text:
London: Treating chronic widespread pain with a glass of wine or a pint of beer may not sound like a good idea but scientists think otherwise. Moderate drinking may lower the disability risk among those suffering from the condition, says new research.
In a study of 2,239 individuals with chronic widespread pain, the key feature of fibromyalgia, those who regularly consumed alcohol had lower levels of disability than those who never or rarely drank, the authors reported.
"Although we cannot say that alcohol consumption causes less disability among people with chronic widespread pain, the observed link warrants further investigation," said Gary Macfarlane from University of Aberdeen in Scotland.
Those who drank 21 to 35 units of alcohol per week were 67 percent less likely than never drinkers to experience disability. One unit of alcohol is a half pint of average strength beer/lager, one small glass of wine or one single drink with hard liquor.
The paper appeared in the journal Arthritis Care & Research.


text:
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Cook - Aramark
$24,910.00 -32,470.00/year*
Battle Creek, MI
Hospitality - Food Services
325 Niblett
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Aramark (NYSE: ARMK) proudly serves Fortune 500 companies, world champion sports teams, state-of-the-art healthcare providers, the worlds leading educational institutions, iconic destinations and cultural attractions, and numerous municipalities in 19 countries around the world. Our 270,000 team members deliver experiences that enrich and nourish millions of lives every day through innovative services in food, facilities management and uniforms. We operate our business with social responsibility, focusing on initiatives that support our diverse workforce, advance consumer health and wellness, protect our environment, and strengthen our communities.
Aramark is recognized as one of the Worlds Most Admired Companies by FORTUNE, as well as an employer of choice by the Human Rights Campaign and DiversityInc.
Position Summary: The Cook is responsible for cooking and preparing food according to recipes and production guidelines while adhering to food safety, food handling, and sanitation procedures. The Cook should safely handle knives and equipment such as grills, fryers, ovens, broilers, etc. Essential functions and responsibilitiesof the position may vary by Aramark location based on client requirementsand business needs.
Essential Functions:
Cooks and prepare a variety of food according to production guidelines and standardized recipes
Sets up workstation with all needed ingredients and equipment
Prepares ingredients by measuring, weighing, mixing, chopping, trimming, and peeling food items
Safely utilizes a variety of utensils including knives
Operates equipment such as ovens, stoves, slicers, mixers, etc.
Bakes, roasts, broils, steams, and uses a variety of cooking methods on meat, vegetables, and other foods
Arranges, garnishes, and portions food according to established guidelines
Properly stores food by adhering to food safety policies and procedures
Cleans and sanitizes work areas, equipment, and utensils
Maintains excellent customer service and positive attitude towards guest, customers, clients, co-workers, etc.
Adheres to Aramark safety policies and procedures including proper food safety and sanitation
Ensures security of company assets
Other duties and tasks as assigned by manager
Experience as a cook or in a related role required
Proven knowledge of the basic principles of food preparation, various cooking methods, and food safety regulations such as proper food handling, sanitation, and storage
Must be able to obtain food safety certification
Demonstrates basic math and counting skills
Demonstrates interpersonal and communication skills, both written and verbal
Requires occasional lifting, carrying, pushing, pulling of up to 25 lbs.
Associated topics: baking, banquet, cocinera de produccion, cocinero de la parrilla, food preparation, fryer, lunch, maker, prep cook, steakhouse
* The salary listed in the header is an estimate based on salary data for similar jobs in the same area. Salary or compensation data found in the job description is accurate.
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text: Welcome to the web site of Dr. Karen O'Rourke, DDS, Grand Rapids cosmetic dentist. For 30 years we've been transforming smiles, and we'd like to invite you to entrust your smile to us. We are a small office known for our personal service, gentle touch, and attention to detail. Continuing education is vital to our office, as we strive to deliver the best and most current care to our patients. We will bring the world to your doorstep with the best of American technology, as well as techniques from Europe (Orthotropics) and Australia. If you're looking for a comprehensive family dentist who is gentle and competent in her approach, you're in the right place. Learn about the extensive services that make our Michigan dental practice unique.


text:
I have never cared for vegetable soup or for brothy, beef soup. I mean, what's there to like about thin, barely any flavor, hot brown liquid. If I want a cup of broth, fine, but you call that a soup? No thanks.
Until now.
The motivation for even trying to make a satisfying beef vegetable soup came from the diet detour we decided to take recently. We bought into a 5-day program designed to get us off our weight-loss plateau and once again sliding down the slope to slimness. The program calls for us to make a "special" chicken vegetable soup and eat it for two meals a day. More about this program in another post.
We made a batch of the chicken-veg soup and then, after three days, decided to switch to beef. A few more calories, a chance to experiment, what could go wrong? Our first batch showed us what. So I did some research and came up with what looked like a possible winner if adapted for Keto. The result is really great and will take a little more than an hour, once you have assembled the ingredients. Hope you enjoy it as much as we do! Remember that DRB is all about flavor. This beefy-vegetable soup finally gets a "10".
|Prep Time
|30 minutes
|Cook Time
|45 minutes
- 2 T butter
- 2 T olive oil
- 1 each large yellow onion Diced to your liking.
- 1 lb Baby Bella mushrooms Sliced and diced to your liking.
- 1 1/2 lb beef chuck roast Well-trimmed of larger fat chunks and connectivce tissue. Dad does not like to wrestle with gristle! Cut the meat into 1/2" pieces.
- 2 T coconut aminos Coconut what? Read special note. Or, use soy sauce instead.
- 2 T tomato paste The kind in the tube lets you not waste what's left in a can.
- 2 T chopped garlic We use the stuff in the jar these days.
- 1/2 cup red wine We used the good stuff — well worth it.
- 4 cups beef broth We use low sodium variety, organic if available.
- 1 3/4 chicken broth This is a recommendation from ATK. Can't see how 100% beef broth would spoil anything.
- 2 each bay leaf
- 1 tsp dried chili flakes To heat things up
- 2 each carrots I used baby carrots in a bag to aproximate, but 2 large organic carrots is preferred. do a small dice.
- 2 each celery stalks Small dice
- 14 oz canned, diced tomatoes There are several varieties to choose from. I use plain with no or low salt.
- 8-10 oz spinach, chopped I used fresh, but frozen is OK with water squeezed out.
- 2 T dried parsley flakes Or 4T fresh, minced.
- 1 T gelatin Powdered. See special note.
- 1 tsp salt Sea salt or a bit more Kosher salt.
- 1/2 tsp black pepper Freshly gound.
- Dice the beef and add to 1 gallon plastic freezer bag or bowl. Add the coconut aminos and marinate for 30 minutes to an hour.
- Melt butter and olive oil in your Dutch oven, or big pot over medium heat. Add onion and mushroom and cook for 6-8 minutes, careful not to burn, but let a good dark brown fond develop. Very important to the eventual flavor. Remove mixture to a bowl to add back later.
- Add the marinated beef to the pot all at once. Cook for 6-8 minutes, turning pieces once.
- Add garlic and tomato paste. Stir and cook for 1-2 minutes.
- Add red wine and cook down until nearly gone. Drag a wooden spoon across the bottom of the pot. If the clear space it creates take 3-5 seconds to fill in, you're good to go. Increase heat to high and bring to a boil.
- Add broths, carrots, celery, bay leaf, chili flakes, and tomatoes. Stir in well, cover pot, reduce heat to simmer. Set timer for 30 minutes.
- Stir tablespoon gelatin into 1/2 cup warm water. Stir vigorously and let let for 5 minutes.
- When timer goes off, add gelatin solution. Add spinach, combine and cook until it is thoroughly wilted and incorporated.
- Add parsley, salt and pepper to taste. This is ready to eat, but will be better tomorrow after spending the night in the fridge.
Coconut Aminos
Have learned about this from a Keto-weenie and decided to try it here as a marinade for the diced beef, instead of soy sauce. Had no ill effects and later research says cocnut aminos are another Asian import used forever as a sweetener. For us Westies, it turns out to be a relatively healthy sweeetening and seasoning agent with 17 amino acids (who knew there were that many?) and low glycemic index. Will try it in other recipes. Readily available on Amazon. http://coconutsweetener.blogspot.com/2013/01/what-is-coconut-aminos.html
Gelatin (Knox and regular beef gelatin)
So, gelatin has many uses, it would appear. ATK uses it in many recipes as a thickener. Becareful with it. Too little and not enough thickening. Too much, you get slime. But it worked great in this recipe. Based on a Keto soups and stews cookbook we had lying around, I bought a bag of "Beef Gelatin" from Amazon, but hadn't used it before running out of Knox and deciding "What the heck, this may work." In both attempts, I used the prescribed 1 T of gelatin disolved for five minutes in tepid water. Dumped it in the pot as one of the finishing steps, stirred well, and discovered that the thickening seemed to increase overnight in the fridge and then again the next night.
Turns out that Knox is just finely ground beef gelatin. (Presumably Jell-o is made the same way, but not sure.) Gelatin, it seems by definition, is made from animal collagen (bones and other leftovers), and therefore is not vegan. Just saying.


text: James Hague wrote: > On Sun, Apr 6, 2008 at 4:16 PM, Zvi <> wrote: >> With generic tuples it's impossible to implement efficient SIMD operations. > > I would hesitate to say "impossible" :) Efficiency would clearly be > better than what we have now, though not the pinnacle of performance > (and is anything in Erlang the pinnacle of performance?). How about, %% <3.1415, 1.0> V1 = <<16#40, 16#49, 16#0E, 16#56, 16#3F, 16#80, 16#00, 16#00>>, %% <1.0, 1.6180> V2 = <<16#3F, 16#80, 16#00, 16#00, 16#3F, 16#CF, 16#1A, 16#9F>>, vec:add(single, V1, V2). obviously V1 and V2 would normally be created with helper functions. The advantage of using binaries would be that you would have to add a new type to Erlang and could more easily do DSP functionality on an input stream, eg GSM codecs using for VOIP, before having to optimise with C or another lower language. The first parameter to vec:add/3 would be one of the atoms: single, double, octet, short, long, or longlong. What about matricies? list of binaries? Jeff. > I can certainly see the quirks in my proposal, and I don't ever expect > to see it in Erlang. But I don't know if adding yet another basic > data type to Erlang is the way to go. > >> Also there is many undefined/confusing behaiviors, when elements of tuple >> are not numeric. > > Not any more than you have with "1 + ok". > _______________________________________________ > erlang-questions mailing list > > http://www.erlang.org/mailman/listinfo/erlang-questions


text:
Version: 18 December 2006
Translation by Ben Dowson
Final edit by Swary Utami Dewi
Despite sustaining extensive damage, Kalimantan's forests are still considered a very important global resource, owing to their great biodiversity. Various kinds of animals and plants live and thrive within these forests. Certain fauna that are classified as endangered, such as the orangutan, hornbill and proboscis monkey, can still be found there. The same is true of flora such as the black orchid and ulin, a type of hardwood.
However, within the last decades, the forest's wealth has been entirely obliterated. Non-timber forest products have been overlooked. Multistakeholder Forestry Program (MFP) stakeholders in Kalimantan have taken steps to develop the economies of the local communities based on the exploitation of non-timber forest products. Some have begun to prosper, while others are still fighting for survival. However, one important lesson has been learnt. The strengthening of local economies has opened the door to other issues such as gender, and community bargaining strength. This paper discusses what has happened in Kalimantan.
Forest-reliant communities
CIFOR uses the term "non-timber forest products" to refer to any product or service, other than timber, produced by the forest. This international research foundation gives a number of examples on its website, including fruit, nuts, vegetables, fish, medicinal plants and rattan. Other parties such as the Public Forest System Support Consortium (Konsorsium Pendukung Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan) offer more or less the same definition. The latter also cites ecotourism and forest services (such as carbon provision) as falling within the non-timber forest product category, provided that these are used for forest-dwelling communities and do not lead to inappropriate exploitation of the forest.
Many residents of Kalimantan rely on the forest as a place that supports many facets of their lives. An example of this is their centuries-old reliance on non-timber forest products. Many forest-reliant communities supplement their cropping and plantation activities with fishing, hunting and gathering products such as rattan, honey and rubber.
So long having managed by the community
Forest-dwelling communities generally manage and exploit non-timber forest produce in accordance with their own subsistence needs. An example of this is found in the communities dwelling in Lake Sentarum National Park in West Kalimantan, who use the fish in the lake as a source of daily protein. Another community, the Dayaks of the South Kalimantan's Meratus range, grow vegetables in their fields. Furthermore, various kinds of forest produce have important cultural and ritual significance for the community. Rattan, for example, is customarily used as a wedding dowry (mas kawin) in the Katingan district of Central Kalimantan. Certain medicinal plants and honey are also used as for health purposes.
Some communities also trade these non-timber forest products to supplement their incomes. Rattan in Central Kalimantan, for example, is already enshrined as part of the local culture and has been traded since at least the 19th century. According to CIFOR, more than 50,000 farmers depend on it for their livelihoods. Honey and beeswax around Lake Sentarum has also been traded within the national park, which is located in the northern part of West Kalimantan, since the 1800s. Palm sugar in Kutai National Park, East Kalimantan, has been the mainstay in the lives of many families for generations. The same goes for damar resin, rubber and cinnamon in the Meratus range, and eaglewood in East Kalimantan.
Why non-timber forest products?
To raise awareness of the importance of non-timber products for forest-dwelling communities, the MFP in Kalimantan chose to focus on developing small-scale community-based businesses centred on these products, with the aim of alleviating poverty levels in the province, primarily within these communities themselves.Support from the joint program between the British government and the Ministry of Forestry was provided to stakeholders in four provinces. Most partners are private community foundations. A small proportion is drawn from groups or organisations that are active in non-timber resource production. The remainder are conservation organization, government institution and research institute. By the time the program ended in December 2006, at least 12 active partners were still working to encourage the development of businesses among forest-dwelling communities.
Various sources explain that, although possess outstanding riches, the island's forests do not generate much revenue for the local people. In the case of East Kalimantan, for example, which contributes about one quarter of national income from timber, 12% of its citizens are classified as 'poor'. CIFOR has written that forest-dwelling communities account for one of the largest groups of poor people in Indonesia. Through this community empowerment program, many people hope that their situation can improve.
The choice to develop non-timber forest resources was made by MFP partners in Kalimantan not without reasons. It was influenced by at least three factors. Firstly, as mentioned above, forest-dwelling communities have relied on these resources for generations, as a means of survival and a means of income, as well as for other reasons. Rattan, honey, rubber and eaglewood are the most oft-quoted example, having been farmed since the 19th century. Managing and exploiting non-timber resources are nothing new to them.
Secondly, the non-timber forest resource businesses are, in the opinion of Ros-Tonen and Wiersum (2003), as well as many others, more environmentally friendly. The focus of Indonesian industry on timber for several decades has resulted in the annihilation of millions of hectares of tropical rainforest. When a forest is plundered, it is not only the wood that is removed; other resources are also destroyed. If this is allowed to continue, Kalimantan's forests, like other Indonesian forests, will suffer the same fate, with their timber and non-timber resources both on the threshold of annihilation. Focusing on non-timber products simultaneously preserves these two resources.
Lastly, because it does not damage the trees and keeps the ecosystem intact, focusing on non-timber products represents a more sustainable approach. This is borne out by the fact that many of these products have been commercially exploited for decades.
A useful source of income
Non-timber resource exploitation in Kalimantan represents not only a viable income source for the local community, but if correctly managed, can actually lead to an increase in income. This is borne out by experiences in many places where MFP partners are active. Sanusi, 47, a palm sugar farmer from the Mamiri Palm Sugar Group (Kelompok Gula Aren Mamiri), based in Sangkima Lama village in Kutai National Park, explained that his family income from the sale of palm sugar has improved since support was provided by Binakelola Lingkungan (Bikal), a local NGO that works in East Kalimantan. According to Sanusi, before it received support from Bikal, one round 250g stick of palm sugar fetched only Rp 1,500. After Bikal began to support the activities in 2005, farmers began producing palm sugar in block form. The same weight then fetched Rp 2,000. Today, the price is Rp 2,500 – almost twice as much as in the pre-Bikal period. The farmers have also regular buyers in Beringin market, located inside the national park, and sales are holding steady. Sanusi enthusiastically listed all the benefits that this has brought him: he has paid off a Rp 25 million loan over two years, bought a motorbike on credit, put his children into school, and is saving with the village credit union, a financial institution providing saving and credit services.
Another example comes from the Pangkang Lestari mangrove farmers' group in Teluk Lombok hamlet, Sangkima village, also in Kutai National Park. Bikal encouraged the formation of this group as a provider of mangrove seedlings for various rehabilitation projects in East Kalimantan. Up to the end of 2006, at least three districts in East Kalimantan – Bontang, Sangatta and Bulungan – have used mangrove seeds supplied by the group and the Teluk Lombok community. From the end of 2005 to October 2006, no less than 1.1 million seedlings had been sold, at a total price of around Rp 550 million. Whereas seedlings sold for Rp 450 a piece, they are now fetching up to Rp 600 each.
Ado Tadulako, from the Teluk Lombok mangrove rehabilitation project, said that thanks to the success of the mangrove seed project he has pocketed millions of rupiah. This money, which he hands over in full to his wife, is used to pay for his children's schooling, saving and other needs. Ado, who is 60 years old, also mentioned that several Pangkang Lestari members have been able to marry, buy motor boats for fishing, and build houses as a result of the mangrove seed project.
Forest honey farmers in Lake Sentarum National Park are also reaping the benefits from non-timber development. "Nowadays the price of our honey is much higher than before. It's almost five times the price of refined sugar, whereas it used to be the same price," said Haryyanto, a honey farmer, who is also the headman of Nanga Leboyan village, located in the national park, which is known for its unique tidal properties.
Mustafa, a resident of Kampung Semalah, Danau Sentarum, also offered an example. As explained by Valentinus Heri from the West Kalimantan-based NGO Riak Bumi, this honey farmer was able to buy a 15-horsepower motorboat from the proceeds of his honey harvest in 2005. The ethnic Malay people in the 132-hectare lake routinely harvest honey once a year. From this harvest they can at least meet their daily needs and keep their children in school.
The final example came from Arifin, from the Dayak Meratus community in Batu Kambar, Hinas Kiri village, South Kalimantan. Arifin, who is a member of the Dayak Alai Meratus Rubber Farmers' Group (Kelompok Dayak Alai Meratus), as well as the Bintang Karantika Meratus Credit Union, has been able to school his three children up to college level thanks to his income from the sale of rubber and cinnamon. He has also been able to build a good-quality house and buy electronic goods from the proceeds of these forest products. He is currently implementing his business and supporting the rubber farmers' group with the support of South Kalimantan Traditional Community Empowerment Institute (Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Adat).
As business worsens, a community fights for survival
In addition to success stories such as those above, it cannot be denied that there are many stories that show that these forest products businesses are stuck for various reasons. The unpredictable market, the inability to manage the business competitively, unsupportive policies and other factors have meant that many community businesses now find themselves running on the spot. They are neither truly living nor dying. Some MFP partners have also experienced the same thing.
A clear example of this can be seen in the case of rattan in Katingan, Central Kalimantan. Rattan has been a source of livelihood for communities in the regency for a long time, and it is the largest source of rattan cultivation in Indonesia. Since at least 1850, the Dayak people have cultivated rattan, planting seeds in the gaps between their fruit trees and then reaping the benefits from the subsequent harvest. Until now, many people are still reliant on rattan. Rattan cultivation from Central Kalimantan is a prime Indonesian export. It has been observed that 80-90 % of raw rattan supplied to the world comes from Indonesia. Where unprocessed rattan is concerned, Sulawesi reigns supreme, while in terms of rattan cultivation, Central Kalimantan and a small part of East Kalimantan are unsurpassed.
In the days when rattan reigned supreme, the people of Katingan lived moderately well. Duwel Rawing and Gatin Rangkay, the 2006 head of regent and district secretary of Katingan, enthusiastically explained that rattan was their passport to school and higher education. "Many persons who are now officials in Katingan can claim to have been educated on rattan", says Duwel.
The golden period began to wane when the government banned the export of unprocessed and semi-processed rattan in 1986. Rattan prices fell drastically. The East Kalimantan People's Forestry System (Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan Kalimantan Timur) cited a 30 – 40% drop in prices at the farmers' level. Buyers reasoned that they could no longer pay a high price for the rattan, as they were no longer permitted to export it. The needs of national industry accounted for 40% (at most) of total rattan production from Katingan and elsewhere. As a consequence, the rattan lay unharvested in the farmers' plantations: a sad sight to behold. "Forget about educating our kids," said Kusen Tari U., a Katingan rattan farmer. "Sometimes we didn't even have enough to eat." He added, "Whereas one kilogramme of unprocessed rattan used to purchase 3-4 kg of rice, now it took 4 kg of rattan to obtain a single kilogramme of rice."It wasn't only the rattan farmers who experienced disruption.
A similar fate befell almost all small-scale gatherers at village level. Take, for example, Ardinan, a rattan farmer and gatherer in Jahanjang village in Kamipang sub-district, which has been harvesting rattan for years. According to him, rattan bought from farmers often failed to sell, and was kept for long periods in storage. "Sometimes it all went rotten," he lamented to Ali Sadikin, from the Central Kalimantan-based NGO, Teropong, which came to rally for rattan farmers. "Eventually, I was forced to stop acting as the group's trader."
After the government once again opened up rattan for export in mid-2004, the price did not immediately improve at the farmers' level. The dominant rattan buyers used various excuses for not increasing the price. In addition, there was a long chain of middlemen to be negotiated before the rattan was eventually sold to craftsmen in Java or exported overseas. The farmers' lives grew harder. It seemed they were powerless to change the situation, so they resigned themselves to reflecting on their fate and trying to find other means of staying afloat – like working as lumberjacks.
The commencement of operations by the Teropong in Marikit sub-district, on the upper stream of the Katingan river, finally encouraged the community to try to improve its lot. Residents began to hold informal discussions on rattan-related issue in their houses, and enthusiasm started to grow. These serious yet informal discussions became a part of the community's daily topics of conversation.
At the beginning of 2005, eight villages in Marikit sub-district took the initiative to establish the Katingan Rattan Farmers' Group (Perkumpulan Petani Rotan Katingan), a further show of the farmers' enthusiasm and desire to breathe new life into their rattan business. Within a short time, more than thirty villages in Katingan had signed up.The Group focused on improving rattan quality, creating a protection and monitoring system, and increasing the capacity of the farmers. The association also drew attention to the importance of collaboration. Together with Teropong and a number of other stakeholders, the group, which covers five sub-districts in Katingan district, jointly carried out actions aimed at the implementation of policies that were more favourable to the welfare of the rattan farmers. Cutting the links in the market chain and developing alternative markets that could offer better value were also common objectives.
Although much has been achieved by Teropong and the Katingan Rattan Farmers' Group over the past two years, the price of rattan today remains almost unchanged. The price has been subject to fluctuation. Within the past few months, the price has even suffered a decline. Kompas newspaper (28 October 2006) cites complaints of Katingan rattan farmers concerning the drop in rattan prices over the past four months. The price of taman-type rattan fell from Rp 120,000 to Rp 100,000 per quintal, while irit rattan fell by Rp 20,000 to Rp 80,000 per quintal.
Steps taken to date to increase the rattan price are still ongoing. Teropong and the Katingan Rattan Farmers' Group are still committed to advancing the lives of the rattan farmers, despite the obstacles they are currently facing. This is confirmed by Irwanto, a member of the group, who is also the headman of Tumbang Liting village, in Katingan Hilir district. "Despite the uncertainty in the rattan prices, the residents are continuing with their rattan businesses, because that is what they have always done," (Kompas, 28 October 2006).
The same fluctuations have been felt by rattan farmers in Kutai Barat, who are supported by Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan Kalimantan Timur, the East Kalimantan People's Forestry System. Perkumpulan Petani dan Pengrajin Rotan, the Rattan Farmers and Handcrafters' Group was established with the aim of securing greater prosperity for them. The farmers then formed a business institution called Samadil Eka Perkasa, with limited company (PT) status. Various efforts have been made on behalf of the farmers' group and its business institution to ensure that their businesses pick up and the lives of the farmers are improved. However, developing the business is no easy task.
Between the end of 2005 and the middle of 2006, the rattan business instigated by PT Samadil Eka Perkasa reached a critical point. Rattan sales to Java had ceased, and the stream of buyers had dried up. Several farmers attending an informal meeting in May 2006 complained about the situation. These complaints were understandable given that there was a time when the company could buy rattan from the farmers at a more reasonable price than through the organised trading group or other middlemen. That same month, one farmer in Gemuhan Asa village admitted that when he sold rattan to the company, he could use the income to buy new clothes for his child and a television to entertain his family. In recent times, however, no one had been buying rattan, and he couldn't understand the reason for it.
Fortunately, events since June 2006 have begun to reveal a light at the end of the tunnel. Adopting a more professional management approach, PT Samadil Eka Perkasa has once again been able to sell rattan to Java on a routine monthly basis. Several employees have also begun to receive their own salaries from their rattan businesses, free of donor supports. However, it will still take some time and efforts before the rattan industry in Kutai Barat can be considered sustainable.
The case of the Katingan and Kutai Barat rattan shows the bitter shake-up of events that eventually spurred the development of a community-based non-timber product business. It is a familiar story to other stakeholders working with similar issues throughout Kalimantan.
More than mere economics
Experience of pushing for the development of small-scale community businesses in Kalimantan, such as that outlined above, reveals varying levels of success. In all honesty there have been many more failures than successes. The number of incidences where farmers' incomes have been raised can be counted on the fingers of one hand.If this is the case, are the efforts that have already been made to develop the economy within the framework of strengthening poor communities of no consequence? The answer is, yes – if we measure economic development purely in terms of increasing the incomes of poor farmers. But is it true to say that this is the only valid metric for measurement? Experience of MFP partners in the field shows that as a poor forest-dwelling community move towards economic prosperity, it opens the door to, or triggers, other aspects of community strengthening. The following examples illustrate this well.
Firstly, let us turn again to Teluk Lombok in East Kalimantan's Kutai National Park, as described above. When the Pangkang Lestari fishermen's and mangrove farmers' groups successfully rehabilitated their mangroves and subsequently embarked on a seedling project to support other similar projects in the province, this resulted in a number of innovations and other social developments. While waiting for their mangrove forest to grow back to its former lushness, thereby heralding a return of the good fishing that they had been used to in the past, Pangkang Lestari carried out a pilot study on crab catching using crab pots as an alternative form of livelihood. The crabs were indeed large, but they could only be sold in perfect condition. The others were simply thrown away.
Unhappy with this situation, a group of women who had got to hear about this problem determined to do something about it. They told Bikal, a support NGO, that they would learn how to make crab crackers. Bikal, then, facilitated the training required. So the women of Teluk Lombok acquired the necessary skills to magically transform the 'damaged' crabs into delicious crab crackers.The crab cracker project was quite successful. Whereas the fresh crab sold for between Rp 8,000 and Rp 10,000 per kg, the crackers fetched Rp 40,000 per kg – a good example of added value.
Seeing the energy of the women and their reversal of fortune, the men of Teluk Lombok fully acknowledged their efforts. The mangrove farmers and the fishermen of the Pangkang Lestari group then involved the women officially in the group. The Crab Cracker Working Group (Pokja Krupuk Kepiting) was established at the end of 2004.
Establishing the women working group was a simple act, but its impact was considerable: the women of Teluk Lombok have gained new standing within the community. They are no longer mere observers of activities or considered only as providers of food for their menfolk when they hold their meetings. They are now part of the process, and they have a say in decision-making in Pangkang Lestari. Sumanti, the chairman of the working group, commented with pride, "Now we no longer only waste time for chatting or doing nothing in the house; now we do have business."The crab crackers produced by the women of Teluk Lombok are sold in several towns such as Sangatta and Bontang.
The women working group has also performed impressively, winning the Appropriate Technology for Communities Competition at both regency and provincial levels. In September 2005, some of the members went to Palembang to compete at national level. As a result of this, says Romadhan, headman of Sangkima village, which incorporates Teluk Lombok sub-village, the prestige gained by the Crab Cracker Women Working Group has brought fame to the village even as high as the national level.
The women's achievements have also had the effect of goading the men into action. The local community recognised the need for a ready supply of raw materials to support the crab cracker business. It is still difficult to obtain crabs naturally because the mangrove forest was not yet fully rehabilitated. The women often obtain fresh crabs from elsewhere, rather than Teluk Lombok. For this reason, efforts are continuing in the short term to locate crab. The farmers are studying more effective ways of doing this. In the near future, they are also studying how to do crab fattening in the cages. From this it can be seen that the success of a group in the community can energise others in that community to always learn.
Pangkang Lestari and the community of Teluk Lombok became aware of the need for greater involvement by the women. When Pangkang Lestari began to spread its business to encompass mangrove seedlings for the rehabilitation project in 2005, both women and children became actively involved. Pangkang Lestari involves around 50 families in Teluk Lombok sub-village. For seedling activities, roles and responsibilities are divided among men, women, and even children. Nursalim from BIKAL explained that the men who have the job of looking for seeds in the vicinity and neighbouring areas, and the women and children usually fill the polybags. After they have been procured, the seeds are planted in the polybags by either the men or the women. So far the men and women continue to work side by side in the mangrove seedling business.
It should be noted that these activities, which are having a positive impact on the better prosperity of the Teluk Lombok community, have inspired other communities in Kutai National Park to do the same thing. The Crab Cracker Women Working Group has encouraged the establishment of a Shrimp Cracker Women Working Group in within the Sumber Rejeki group in Dusun Satu, a sub-village of Sangkima Lama village. The Sumber Rejeki Farmers' Group, which initially comprised male fishermen, started to get interested in what was going on at Teluk Lombok. Eventually, the women of Dusun Satu also formed a Shrimp Cracker Women Group, which focuses on shrimp cracker production. A number of meetings have already been held between the shrimp cracker and the crab cracker women groups to exchange experiences on business management and women's organisations.
Next, the Gula Angin Mamiri farmer's group, also located in Dusun Satu, has vowed to empower the women of the village through palm sugar and gula semut(a form of reprocessed palm sugar) production, imitating the trend begun at Teluk Lombok. Whereas this group previously produced only palm sugar, for generations the preserve of the men, they have now diversified their products to include gula semut, which is produced by both men and women. The men collect the raw sugar, while the women boil it to produce the gula semut. In the future, the women will focus on gula semut production while the men continue to concentrate on palm sugar.
The women of Dusun Satu, in addition to acquiring new skills, have turned gula semut into an alternative product for their livelihoods, and have begun to demonstrate their independence. A member of the group, Hasnawati, a junior high school graduate, admits that she had a high belief in herself, and no longer felt like a second-class citizen. "I even instruct community groups from other districts in gula semut production. Before, I never would have dreamed I was capable of doing such a thing", adds the veil-wearing woman. Hasnawati and several other women of Sangkima village, including Rahmawati and Sumanti, most of whom have only an elementary school or, in a few cases, a junior high school education, have begun to cut their teeth as community facilitators in their respective hamlets.
In short, the work carried out by community groups together with Bikal in Kutai National Park has brought economic development, offered real hope for sustainable alternative income streams, and had other positive impacts on the communities, such as empowering women, raising community awareness of the role of women in the community, increasing their self-confidence, and spurring the group on to further study and inter-community shared learning.
Another example comes from the rattan farmers' groups in Katingan and Kutai Barat. Although their effort to improve their welfare through rattan cultivation is a story fraught with ups and downs, these efforts also serve another function.When they realised that the government ban on rattan exports imposed in the mid-1980s was one of the main causes of the crash in rattan prices, the rattan farmers' groups stood shoulder to shoulder in these two places and embarked on a program of advocacy activities.
In 2004, exports were once again permitted by the Ministry of Trade and Industry. However, this decision stirred up some controversy. Javanese rattan workers, concerned about the future of their own rattan industry, directed all their energy into calling for the reinstatement of the ban.When the ministry responsible for trade changed its name to the Ministry of Trade, demands by certain groups for the ban to be reinstated grew stronger.
With the support of NGOs and other observer groups, a series of meetings and consolidation sessions was held to defend, and even insist upon, the right to export taman/sega and irit rattan (the mainstay of the Katingan and Kutai Barat rattan trade) both in their raw or semi-processed state. At least two meetings were held between the Katingan Farmers Rattan Group and the Kutai Barat Rattan Farmers and Handcrafters Group and the Ministry of Trade. At the first meeting in January 2005, the two groups were invited together with supporting NGOs Teropong and Sistem Hutan Kerakyatan Kalimantan Timur to meet with Minister of Trade, Marie Pangestu. They were asked to come and give their input to the ministerial review on the matter.
Efforts were also made to secure the support of related stakeholders such as the Ministry of Forestry. At a meeting of rattan farmers in Katingan in March 2005, Forestry Minister, M.S. Kaban, firmly stated that Katingan rattan was a cultivated product, and the reinstatement of an export quota should give a major effect on the farmers' selling price.
Efforts at advocacy have not been in vain. On 30 June 2005 the Ministry of Trade issued Ministry of Trade Regulation No. 12/2005, which still allows the continued export of unprocessed and semi-processed rattan for the two types of cultivated rattan in these two regencies. To quote Ricardo, an expert of legal advocacy in Indonesia, one thing that also needs to be noted from the regulation is the use of the word "farmers" in the Bagian Menimbang, the consideration part of the regulation. The full sentence reads: that rattan is a commodity that plays a critical role as the source of income and prosperity for the rattan farmers and gatherers as a raw material for rattan processing, and the furniture and handicrafts industries. Ricardo is of the view that, once the "farmers" are mentioned in the same breath as the word "gatherers" and "industries", this is a very important development, as it symbolises the government's recognition of the strategic role played by farmers within the rattan business.
Although rattan prices still up and down, other positive developments have been felt by the rattan farmers' groups. Firstly, there now exists a feeling of solidarity among them. Whereas they were previously resigned to their fate, reflecting wistfully on their fate, thanks to NGO support, they now fight together for their common welfare. Muntifer, chairman of the Katingan rattan farmers' group, stressed the importance of solidarity, which has now infected not only the Katingan group itself, but also exists between the Katingan and Kutai Barat rattan farmer groups.
Secondly, whereas the fate of the farmers had previously only been discussed in hushed tones, nowadays discussions are going on up the hierarchy, and not purely at the farmers' level alone. Decision makers at regency and even national level are becoming aware how important it is to address the concerns of the rattan farmers/producers. The Ministry of Trade and Ministry of Forestry, for example, have provided the hoped-for response. Efforts at advocacy aimed at increasing rattan prices have contributed to greater attention being given to the farmers' plight in the decision-making process. In short, the voice of the farmers is now being heard more clearly, and the powers that be are listening.
Another impact that has been felt is the farmers' increased self-confidence, especially for those who are actively involved in the organisation. A number of Katingan farmers, such as Wancino and Muntifer, clearly feel more self-confident.
Other examples in Kalimantan also reveal a similar tendency to touch on other issues in the wake of efforts to improve the economic welfare of a local community. The fishermen of Lake Sentarum National Park, for instance, have drawn up a more concrete set of traditional regulations for themselves aimed at clearly delineating the zones for their fishing and hatchery activities.
For the Dayak communities of the Meratus Range in Hulu Sungai Tengah regency, South Kalimantan, the effort to improve the welfare of the rubber farmers has also had the effect of turning the community, attracted by the prospect of immediate funding, away from logging. Their awareness has grown; they have learned the benefit of patience to develop a more lasting, sustainable business as opposed to a temporary business that puts the future of their children at risk. "Any act that destroys the environment is a crime against our grandchildren," said Makurban, a Meratus Dayak living in one of the traditional villages in a region about 5-6 hours' drive from Banjarmasin.
Closing remarks
The effort to encourage the development of non-timber forest product businesses among poor forest-dwelling communities in Kalimantan is no easy task, and there have been more pitfalls than breakthroughs. However, there is a unique aspect to all this. Community economic strengthening based on sustainable forest exploitation can open the door to other community strengthening issues. Businesses should not be seen purely in terms of their economic value. They should also be assessed on the basis of the other benefits they bring, such as gender strengthening, improved bargaining position in policy making, and inter-community shared learning that occurs during these activities, or after they have been completed.
Just like a game of billiards, when economic strengthening becomes a door to economic development, other issues are touched by the ball. This is all too clearly evidenced by the experiences gained in Kalimantan from conducting programs to encourage and develop non-timber forest product-based businesses among poor forest-dwelling communities.


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2619 Portola WaySacramento, CA 95818
2Full Baths
Classic Highwater Craftsman Bungalow in the Heart of Curtis Park! This 4 bdrm 2 bath beauty has a place for everyone including a bonus room at the base of the stairs that can be used as an office or small guest room. Living room, formal dining room and lovely hardwood floors throughout. Gourmet kitchen with SS appliances and light filled French Doors to bring the outside in. Updated electrical panel and HVAC. Huge deck and spacious backyard perfect for kids or entertaining. Close to everything!
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- Subtype
- 1 House on Lot
- Approx Lot Size
- 0.140
- Year Built
- 1910
- Stories
- 2
- 18061628
- Cottage, Bungalow
Garage type
- No Garage
- Uncov Prkng Spc (2 plus)
- Area
- Sacramento Land Park Curtis Park
- Area ID
- 10818
- County
- Sacramento
- Cross Street
- 26th Street
- Elementary District
- Sacramento Unified
- Junior High District
- Sacramento Unified
- Senior High District
- Sacramento Unified
Additional Details
Census Tract26
Living Area SourceAssessor/Auto-Fill
Energy Features
- Ceiling Fan(s)
Security Features
- Carbon Mon Detector
- Smoke Detector
Miscellaneous Features
- Deck Uncovered
Other Structures
- Tool Shed
Existing FinancingConventional, Treat as Clear
TermsCash, Conventional
CC & R's1
- Central
- Central
- Natural Gas
- Public District
- 220 Volts
- Natural Gas
- In and Connected
Additional Bath Options
- Shower Stall(s)
- Tile
- Tub w/Shower Over
- Window
Laundry Description
- Inside Room
Dining Description
- Breakfast Nook
- Formal Room
Kitchen Description
- Counter Granite
Kitchen Appliances
- Dishwasher
- Disposal
- Gas Plumbed
- Ice Maker Plumbed
- Microwave B/I
- Oven Gas F/S
- Range Gas F/S
Floor Coverings
- Tile
- Wood
Room Description
- Basement Partial
- Den or Study
- Downstairs Bedroom
- Home Office Room
- Raised
- Frame
- Wood
- Siding Vinyl
- Fenced Back
- Sprinkler Auto F&R
- Sidewalk
- Curb
- Gutter
- Street Lights
Recreational Parking
- Boat Storage
- RV Access
- RV Storage
Road Description
- Paved
- Public Maintained
Roof Description
- Comp Shingle
Site Description
- Level
- Shape Regular
- Trees Many
Located just south of downtown Sacramento, Curtis Park is a town unto itself. Pure gumption brought this community together, which thrives with the Sierra 2 Center for the Arts and Community – the heart of Curtis Park.
Residents originally came together in the 1970s to save a school and subsequently created the center. Its offerings aren't your run of the mill yoga and mahjong, although those are undoubtedly offered. There's belly dance to sword school and songwriting to spiritual services. Tenants include local dance companies, catering firms and other community-based organizations. The center itself is beautiful – an Andalusian/Spanish revival stucco building sitting on three acres of lush landscaped grounds and adjacent to Sierra Green Park.
The center is run by the Sierra Curtis Neighborhood Association, which drives their community spirit and camaraderie with numerous events. A Spring Egg Hunt, Home and Garden Tour, Music in the Park, Curtis Fest Artisan Festival, Wine Tasting in the Park, neighborhood dinners, and special film showings are just a sample of the signature gatherings in Curtis Park.
Community pride is huge here, and it starts with the homes. There's a reason its home and garden show is one of Sacramento's most popular. Built in the early 1900s, the homes are classic, elegant and varying in style – ranging from Spanish revival and storybook to Tudor and craftsman.
While numerous commercial amenities conveniently surround the roughly 2,500-home hamlet, Curtis Park is largely residential. The few businesses that have made a home in the area have thrived – in no small part to local pride and support. Favorite spots include Café Dantorels, Gunther's Ice Cream, and College Cyclery.
School Districts
Private Schools by ZIP Code
Similar Homes for Sale
Sacramento, CA 95818
- 4 Beds
- 2 Baths
- 1,752 SqFt
MLS 19025694 | Courtesy of Cook Realty
Sacramento, CA 95817
- 3 Beds
- 3 Baths
- 1,617 SqFt
MLS 19027629 | Courtesy of Regal Real Estate
Courtesy of Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage


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In WWE history, there is long list of wrestlers who have played incredible and memorable matches for their fans. This list includes Tugboat/Typhoon, Lex Luger and Adrian Neville with winning percentage 87.6. But the winner of this list is The Ultimate Warrior with winning percentage 89.3%. He is one among wrestlers who won the most matches in WWE history.
The Ultimate Warrior:
His birth name was James Brian Hellwig. He was born in June 1959 in Indiana, United State. He started his professional wrestling career in 1985. He was known by lots of ring names i.e. Blade Runner Rock, Dingo Warrior, Jim Hellwig, Jim, Justice, The Ultimate Warrior and Warrior. He got his professional wrestling training from Bill Anderson, Rick Bassman and Red Bastian. Sadly he is not among us now.
The Ultimate Warrior died in April 2014 due to Myocardial infarction in Scottsdale Arizona United State.. In 1986, he started to work for the promotion of world class championship wrestling in Texas. During that he was getting paid $50 per night.In 1987, james joined World wrestling federation. During his wrestling challenges in WWF , he defeated Terry Gibbs and got title of The ultimate Warrior. Jim won Intercontinental champion in 1989 when he played as a substitute of Brutus Beefcake because he was injured and unable to play any fight. In this match The Honky Tonk Man was defeated by The Ultimate Warrior in 27 seconds of a squash match.
As we all know that The Hulk Hogan is known as WWE championship star of 1980s. In wrestlemania VI a match was scheduled between The Hulk Hogan who hold heavyweight championship title and The ultimate warrior who was holding intercontinental championship title. After a warrior splash, The Ultimate Warrior defeated The hulk Hogan and became the only wrestler to hold both championship titles.
The Ultimate Warrior makes his way to WWE multiple times. He worked for different other organizations as well i.e Nu-Wrestling Evolution in 2005. When The Ultimate Warrior was signed to WWE, he won two WWF intercontinental championship title and award for WWE heavyweight championship once. During his surprise return to WWE in 2014, he won slammy award. He won WWE hall of fame award in 2014. During his professional wrestling career in Nu-Wrestling Evolution, he won NWE heavyweight championship title one time.
Ultimate splash is among one of his most used finishing moves. His famous signature moves are atomic drop, leaping shoulder back, gorilla press drop and Multiple clotheslines. He died on 8th April, 2014, a day before his death he was appeared for WWE RAW for first time during his wrestling career in WWE. On april 6 , he made his presence in wrestlemania XXX. According to some reports On april 8, around 5:50 PM, he suddenly got collapsed due to chest pain. In 2015 Hall of Fame ceremony, Dana Warrior presented an inaugural warrior award to the status of The Ultimate warrior.


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Swift Publisher is an application page layout and desktop publishing for Mac. This software provides everything you need to create effective materials desktop publishing, such as flyers, brochures, catalogs, magazines, brochures, newsletters, calendars, posters, menus , cards, covers Facebook and Twitter, advertising banners and many more.
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Swift Publisher for Mac contains over 300 predefined templates for various types of documents templates. You will find brochures triples, catalogs, facing pages, social media and many other templates.
touchbar supported.
Swift Publisher leverages the capabilities of macOS Sierra.
Generates standard barcodes industry including QR, UPC, EAN and more code.
The document size may be set to different measurement units: inches, millimeters, centimeters, points, spades and pixels.
Google Map can be integrated into your brochure or pamphlet.
Professional Graphics Tools
More than 300 professionally designed templates for different types of documents (flyers, letterheads, brochures, newsletters, catalogs, etc.).
2,000+ clip art (over 40,000 clipart images with Extras Pack).
Depositphotos integration integration – an online shop more than 60 million vectors and raster images.
Over 100 unique masks, as well as the ability to use a custom image as a mask.
Integration with photos, iPhoto and Aperture.
Insert images in many supported formats: PNG, TIFF, JPEG, GIF, PDF, EPS and more.
Apply image filters macOS core to your images.
Tint, mosaic, trim, control transparency and image rotation.
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A smart choice to fill forms with images and create creative frames for your photos.
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Create a text list with a variety of cartoons.
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Text integration Arte 3 (purchase required Text Art 3).
100 additional fonts (only package extras).
Powerful publishing tools
Spread View Mode lets you view and edit two pages on one sheet.
Support for multi – page documents with the ability to view each page in a different angle.
Take advantage of the wrapping text around objects.
The page thumbnails panel allows you to preview and easily manage pages.
Master pages option allows you to create a common fund for several pages (use for page numbering, title, background image, etc.).
The text function allows you to transform sources curve into vector lines, an option that is often required when documents to a printer for professional printing are sent.
Add as many layers as you want and choose or make them invisible unprintable.
The adjustable guide arrangement are used for precise placement of the object.
Adjust the precise positioning of the guide entering a value.
The New Document dialog box lets you set properties when creating a new document: page size, view propagation, number of pages, dimensions and margins.
Create a custom grid setting the vertical and horizontal spacing of cells.
Smart Guides automatically appear to help align objects relative to others.
Group objects with the opportunity to resize and rotate them as a single element.
The Booklet printing (imposition) option in the print dialog box automatically arranges the pages of the brochure.
Dynamic data fields allow you to insert contact data or data from a text file for batch printing of invitations, raffle tickets, etc.
Calendar editor to create custom calendars.


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AERO has been accumulating the answers to your agriculture and energy questions since we were founded in 1974. Here you'll find a variety of useful information to help you become better informed.
To find resources for your energy questions, visit our Energy Resources page.
For agriculture-related questions, check out the Agriculture Resources page.


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Crystal Gems
Crystal Gems is a 5 reel, 25 payline video pokie game from software developer, 2by2 Gaming, whose games are distributed by Microgaming. The game has a gem mining theme and a colourful and attractive set of reels. The bonus features are attractive as well with a free spins bonus round with an increasingly valuable wild symbol and a random Mystery Crystal Pick feature game.
Crystal Gems Pokie
The game is set on the side of a rocky mountain at the entrance to a mine. The reels are transparent and although they take up the entire screen, this view can be clearly seen behind them. The symbols include five large different coloured gems – red, blue, orange, green and white – as well as high playing card values. The mine cart full of gems is the scatter symbol and is the key to triggering the free spins bonus round. The Wild surrounded by different coloured gems is the wild symbol and it substitutes for all other symbols, except the mine cart scatter symbol, to create a winning combination. The wild symbol can appear stacked on all reels, giving you more chances to hit a winning combination.
The Mystery Crystal Pick feature triggers randomly at any time. Players will be taken to a separate screen with three large gems and will need to pick one of them which will reveal a cash prize. The size of the cash prize will be proportional to the size of your bet.
Landing three, four or five gem-filled mine cart scatter symbols anywhere on the reels will trigger the free spins bonus round and will award 8, 10 or 12 free spins respectively. During the free spins, the wild symbol also acts as a multiplier value, multiplying any win it helps to create. It becomes more valuable with each consecutive substitution, multiplying wins by 2x, 3x and then 4x. The free spins round can be re-triggered.
Sparkling gems spinning round the reels are sure to get you into the spirit of collecting some winnings for yourself and with the free spins round and random bonus game, this is possible. Try out Crystal Gems Pokie at PokiesPedia.


text: Shachar Shemesh wrote: > Dan Kegel wrote: > >> By all means, let's try epoll. >> FWIW, I wrote a wrapper layer that illustrates how to detect >> whether epoll etc. are available. I'm convinced that *runtime* >> detection is the only way to go. > That's fine, except that compiling your library on a machine that has epoll, and then trying to run it on a machine without will not work. It will not load if runtime glibc doesn't have epoll. I'm using "syscall" to work around that problem in wine. >> Compile time detection is insufficient. >> My code is at http://kegel.com/rn > > > Sure will have a look. > It doesn't compile (rn.c is not including <sys/epoll.h>). When I fix that, it checks whether epoll_create works. If it does, it sets all handlers to use sigio. I don't think this library is quite stable enough :-) In any case, it seems that it's interface is not ideal for wineserver. Libevent, on the other hand...... Shachar -- Shachar Shemesh Lingnu Open Source Consulting ltd. http://www.lingnu.com/


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DAC Collection Artist Information
Václav Brozík (aka Wenzel Brozik)
Czech painter.
Brief biography, in most instances from the Union List of Artist Names® Online:
Official painter of historical subjects for Austria-Hungary, and one of the most well-known Bohemian artists of the latter part of the 19th century. Professor at the Prague Academy of Fine Arts after 1893, his most successful and popular works were large paintings of historical subjects such as "Condemnation of Jan Hus at the Council of Constance" (1883), and "Nuptial Deputation of Ladislav, King of Bohemia, to Charles VII, King of France" (1877). He also produced historicized portraits and genre scenes including "Bible Reading among Protestants" (1888).
Artist ID number in the Union List of Artist Names®: ULAN 500023817.
The ULAN link above leads to a cataloging authority record at the Getty Research Institute.
Objects related to Václav Brozík (aka Wenzel Brozik):
|Henry Wolf after Václav Brozík
|Columbus at the Court of Isabella, 1897
|Wood engraving on tissue paper
ULAN biographical content is displayed with permission of the Getty Research Institute. Some ULAN content in some DAC artist records has been lightly edited. Content from the Getty Research Institute is © 2019 The J. Paul Getty Trust. All rights reserved.


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Skip to main content | Keyboard shortcuts for the dpp.cz website | Skip content, go to navigation | Skip to search | Transit restrictions | Contacts | Fares | My profile | | | Infoline: 296 19 18 17, We speak english
Relations between passenger and carrier in Prague Integrated Transport (PIT) are based mainly on provisions of the Road Traffic Act No. 111/1994 Coll., § 18 as amended, and Act No. 266/1994 Coll., § 37, as amended, that establish the basic obligations of the passenger and carrier during transport. Obligations of the carrier are ensured by the person in charge of the carrier, i.e. a driver or a transport inspector, equipped with an inspection badge or carrier ID (hereafter authorized person).
(other than issuing instructions and commands to passengers to ensure their safety, the safety and flow of traffic and the safety of other passengers)
Other conditions that must be complied with during PIT transport are mentioned in the Terms and Conditions of Carriage and in the PIT tariff.
In all cases where a passenger does not pay the supplementary charge (fine) imposed on the site of inspection, the authorized person is to elicit the passenger's personal data and fill in the "Record of Transport Inspection" (ROTI), a copy of which is to be given to the passenger and the original handed over to the relevant transport company (TC) workplace at the end of the shift.
The designated personnel will mark the date of receipt on the ROTI and insert the prescribed data into a computer database of TC debtors, while each case is automatically assigned a reference number under which it is managed according to its development. After this operation, the ROTI originals are continually transferred to the TC penalty fare desk.
Note: The personal data of passengers who have not paid supplementary charges on the site of inspection are stored in the TC automated system, in accordance with § 5 , paragraph 2, letter e) of the Act on Personal Data Protection No. 101/2000 Coll., as amended, and in this sense may be used to recover the amount owed and also passed on to the law office, courts and executors.
If the passenger decides not to pay the imposed supplementary charge (fine) at a reduced rate (and the fare) at the penalty fare desk, then on the basis of a mandate agreement, the originals of the ROTI of outstanding cases are continually transferred for further enforcement, including dealing with transport claims via the local civil law court.
A transport claim is defined as an unpaid fare and supplementary charge to the fare (fine), as well as other costs incurred as part of the recovery process (related to unpaid cases).


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Broadchurch Season 3 Episode 4 : Episode 4
Latest Broadchurch Episodes
Trish returns to the scene of the crime - will she remember anything more about the attack? DC Katie Harford discovers a strong lead - a new suspect who doesn't have an alibi. Questioned by Ellie and Hardy, Cath reveals interesting new information about the night of her party. Finally, a breakthrough - Hardy and Ellie get a match on the male DNA found on Trish. An unknown woman walks into the police station. Interviewed by Ellie and Hardy, she delivers some devastating new information.
Episode Guide
Season 01
Season 02


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You are currently browsing the category archive for the 'knitting' category.
These are currently on my bamboo circular needles – a thick sock made from fabulous wool from this lovely hand-dyed wool shop: Baby Long Legs. I am using the Double Knit Merino Wool dyed in striking blues, turquoises, and purples! I love the super soft texture and the squishy feel of it knit up! I would definitely recommend this wool shop because of its good quality wool, unique and vibrant dyes, and attentive customer care. Look for the pattern soon in my new tutorials section. I've written it up and have all but the gusset sorted.
Just a little line to say that I've updated the shop with some fun knit and crochet items…more will be on the way next week too. All the items listed are of a really amazing bamboo cotton blend wool I have fallen in love with! Its soooo soft, yet really workable – delicious colours too…! Take a look!
Ooh, I like my new knitting book I picked up yesterday! Its called Chicks With Sticks: Guide to Knitting…and its a how-to/project and pattern book with 'more than 30 cool, easy patterns.' I bought it thinking of Mark and the hankering I've had to knit a sweater for ages. So, I've put the two together and will be knitting him a pullover for his birthday in March! Yay! He's in the know, and he thinks its nice because its like a little heirloom {I love that word}. So! The wool I purchased alongside the book is Wendy Mode, Double Knitting, %50 Pure Merino Wool + %50 Fine Acrylic in dusty blue {to match his long eyelashed-eyes} and a handsome woody brown {to match his looks}!
The sweater I will be knitting is called 'Guy's Tailgate Sweater' and is a wide-striped crew-neck with a casual fit. He has one wide-striped thermal that he loves – and really flatters him – so I thought a like-minded, but warmer, sweater was in order!
Oh how I love knitting in the winter! Time spent inside huddled by the radiator is time well spent with two needles in hand! ; )
I made this little dishcloth, and a friend in a dark turquoise, based on a simple cable pattern and some rib stitching at either end. I love the softness of it and the colours I chose in Debbie Bliss's Cotton DK. I could make 50 more of these – I love them so much!!! I think they will definitely help to inspire me to do the washing up… ; )


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F.E.I.V.R. is a total volunteer coalition comprised of businesses and individuals from diverse industries including restaurant and lodging, tourism, construction, transportation, nursery growers, hospitality, telecommunications, engineering, security, business associations, legal, wholesale food industry and others. To join this impressive list, please click here Join Now!
Anthony Olson, P.A.Asphalt Contractors Association of Florida, Inc.Associated Builders & Contractors of FLAssociated Builders and Contractors Florida East Coast Chapter, Inc.Associated Industries of Florida -AIFAutoglass 4uBecker & Poliakoff, PABlythe Electrical Services British-American Business Council, Palm Beach and Treasure Coast British Bureau/FABBCE Mark Boats LTDCFSolutionsClassic Homes Realty Inc./GMAC Real Estate Classic Limo & Sedan Service Contempo Florida Business Brokers, LLC. CultureLinks Consulting, LLCDeland Country InnDevore and Devore, P.A.Dixie Sansom ConsultingEncounterEnterprise Florida ExpatsVoiceFlamingo Properties Inc and Florida Villas LtdFlorida Association of Realtors Florida Chamber of CommerceFlorida Energy SystemsFlorida Farm BureauFlorida ForumsFlorida Immigrant CoalitionFlorida Nursery Grower & Landscaper Association Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association Florida TaxWatch Center for Competitive Florida Florida Transportation Builder's Association Florida's Children First Gallowhan Tool Makers, Inc.Greenberg Traurig LLPHenning Immigration LawHolland & Knight LLP Hubbard Construction JSP PlasteringJubilee Hair StudioLaw Office of Edward AbramsonLaw Offices of Stephen Davis Legal Immigration Services Lynxbanc Mortgage Coporation Magnum Trading Inc.Mainstream InsuranceManor CorporationMoneycorpOrlando Florida OnlinePaulich, Slack & Wolff, PAPost Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, Inc. Plantation Palm Pilgrim's Pride Prudential Florida WCIRealty World Top Producers, Realty Inc Royal Maid EnterprisesRRB Systems International Selby CorporationSmart ResolutionSpiral Staircase Systems Inc.Sunsplash Vacation HomesThe Garden Biz, IncThe Greater Sarasota Chamber of Commerce The HomeImprover Inc. TheHomeMag - Franchising, LLC.TNT Sales IncUnderground Utility Contractors of FloridaUniversal VacationsWashington Economics Group
Steering Committee Members


text: Then again, everyone looks good when you score 81 points by halftime. From the Morning News blog: "He's playing with a lot of emotion. A little too much emotion after what he thought should have been an and one, getting T'd up for showing up the ref. But you can't complain about Josh Howard's game today. He has 18 points on 8-14 shooting despite playing on an ankle that will require postseason surgery and a wrist that might need to be operated on, too."


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Buying the right stately home is very most-valuable to your true property investing occurrence. So, what generous of home makes a satisfactory investment?
When purchase a abode for investment, you must keep hold of your wished-for customer in knowledge. Ask yourself, "Who will impoverishment to buy or offer for rent this house, and why?" You should be able to statement that grill beforehand you buy it.
Will your vendee impoverishment their kids to go to the institution district? What will your client do with their pets? Does your payer like a silence wooded setting? Will your purchaser poorness hasty access to buying areas? Where will your client piece of land their cars? Where does your customer work?Post ads:
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Thinking of the answers to these questions in early will aid you prize the correct property for investment, and will help out you open market it to the apt latent buyers.
Is it in the appropriate neighborhood?
It just about goes without aphorism that you poorness to be in hotter areas. There are lifeless bargains to be found, even in fashionable areas. Buying into hot neighborhoods will greatly advance your natural event. Don't dribble for the hypothesis that a great place of abode will variety up for a bad position. It not often will. Get to know 4 or 5 angelic neighborhoods and focus on them for making your offers.Post ads:
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Whether you are preparation to let or sell, you privation the abode to be in an inhabited vicinity. No one requirements to untaped in a leasing section. The American Dream is to own your house, or at least feel like you own it. You've got to be among inhabited homes to fulfil this.
As a rule, race prefer a private house in a subdivision rather than on a major road. Focus on the houses in subdivisions; they lobby to more than relations.
Only one bathroom?
Better dream up doubly. If the territory has more than than one bedroom, you truly need two bathrooms. The unattached room is a contract someone when you are merchandising or dealings a home.
Bigger is superior. I from time to time perceive an dissuasion to spacious homes or ample rooms, yet it's public to hear that the place is too puny. Make confident you have adequate bedrooms and that there's room to disseminate out. At Lucky 7 Seminars, we focus on 3 bedroom, 2 bath homes that are 2,000 gathering place feet or large.
Avoid rehab projects.
There are decent clad homes untaken at discounts that you don't have to purloin houses that necessitate a lot of rehab. Sure, there's ready money to be made in a fixer-upper, but I put forward that you don't focussing on this genre of abode.
As fractious as you try to computation beforehand, unforeseen reimbursement universally uprise in a rehab jut out over. Once you open trigger-happy out or commutation all but anything, you'll brainwave thing you did not anticipate.
In addition, we habitually underestimate holding reimbursement in a rehab labor. Just as unprovided for costs frequently arise, impulsive delays commonly lead to you to keep on longer to get your domicile to souk.
Is the abode cheap to a whopping figure of buyers?
A lot of relations can drop the payments on a $120,000 residence. You'll have dozens of potential buyers in this cost scope. On the else hand, wait for to hold for months to put on the market a address at $350,000. There newly are not a lot of nation geared up to actuation downward that more than income on a house, so it's imagined that you'll be ready a while to put on the market it. You'll likewise be growing your retaining reimbursement because you'll be production the payments on that dwelling patch you're waiting to sale it.
At Lucky 7 Seminars, we advance the accessible dew pond of buyers even more by offering our homes on "Rent-to-Own" contracts. Using this method, you'll have even much relatives who can view your surroundings. You e'er deprivation your home to be preferred and cheap to the large digit of upcoming buyers.