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Tuesday, June 30, 2015
Fluoridation May Not Prevent Cavities, Scientific Review Shows
If you're like two-thirds of Americans, fluoride is added to your tap water for the purpose of reducing cavities. But the scientific rationale for putting it there may be outdated, and no longer as clear-cut as was once thought.
Water fluoridation, which first began in 1945 in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and expanded nationwide over the years, has always been controversial. Those opposed to the process have argued—and a growing number of studies have suggested—that the chemical may present a number of health risks, for example interfering with the endocrine system and increasing the risk ofimpaired brain function; two studies in the last few months, for example, have linked fluoridation to ADHD and underactive thyroid. Others argue against water fluoridation on ethical grounds, saying the process forces people to consume a substance they may not know is there—or that they'd rather avoid.
Despite concerns about safety and ethics, many are content to continue fluoridation because of its purported benefit: that it reduces tooth decay. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Oral Health, the main government body responsible for the process, says it's "safe and effective."
You might think, then, that fluoridated water's efficacy as a cavity preventer would be proven beyond a reasonable doubt. But new research suggests that assumption is dramatically misguided; while using fluoridated toothpaste has been proven to be good for oral health, consuming fluoridated water may have no positive impact.
The Cochrane Collaboration, a group of doctors and researchers known for their comprehensive reviews—which are widely regarded as the gold standard of scientific rigor in assessing effectiveness of public health policies—recently set out to find out if fluoridation reduces cavities. They reviewed every study done on fluoridation that they could find, and then winnowed down the collection to only the most comprehensive, well-designed and reliable papers. Then they analyzed these studies' results, and published their conclusion in a review earlier this month.
The review identified only three studies since 1975—of sufficient quality to be included—that addressed the effectiveness of fluoridation on tooth decay in the population at large. These papers determined that fluoridation does not reduce cavities to a statistically significant degree in permanent teeth, says study co-author Anne-Marie Glenny, a health science researcher at Manchester University in the United Kingdom. The authors found only seven other studies worthy of inclusion dating prior to 1975.
The authors also found only two studies since 1975 that looked at the effectiveness of reducing cavities in baby teeth, and found fluoridation to have no statistically significant impact here, either.
The scientists also found "insufficient evidence" that fluoridation reduces tooth decay in adults (children excluded).
"From the review, we're unable to determine whether water fluoridation has an impact on caries levels in adults," Glenny says. ("Tooth decay," "cavities" and "caries" all mean the same thing: breakdown of enamel by mouth-dwelling microbes.)
"Frankly, this is pretty shocking," says Thomas Zoeller, a scientist at UMass-Amherst uninvolved in the work. "This study does not support the use of fluoride in drinking water." Trevor Sheldon concurred. Sheldon is the dean of the Hull York Medical School in the United Kingdom who led the advisory board that conducted a systematic review of water fluoridation in 2000, that came to similar conclusions as the Cochrane review. The lack of good evidence of effectiveness has shocked him. "I had assumed because of everything I'd heard that water fluoridation reduces cavities but I was completely amazed by the lack of evidence," he says. "My prior view was completely reversed."
"There's really hardly any evidence" the practice works, Sheldon adds. "And if anything there may be some evidence the other way." One 2001 studycovered in the Cochrane review of two neighboring British Columbia communities found that when fluoridation was stopped in one city, cavity prevalence actually went down slightly amongst schoolchildren, while cavity rates in the fluoridated community remained stable.
Overall the review suggests that stopping fluoridation would be unlikely to increase the risk of tooth decay, says Kathleen Thiessen, a senior scientist at the Oak Ridge Center for Risk Analysis, which does human health risk assessments of environmental contaminants.
"The sad story is that very little has been done in recent years to ensure that fluoridation is still needed [or] to ensure that adverse effects do not happen," says Dr. Philippe Grandjean, an environmental health researcher and physician at Harvard University.
The scientists also couldn't find enough evidence to support the oft-repeated notion that fluoridation reduces dental health disparities among different socioeconomic groups, which the CDC and others use as a rationale for fluoridating water.
"The fact that there is insufficient information to determine whether fluoridation reduces social inequalities in dental health is troublesome given that this is often cited as a reason for fluoridating water," say Christine Tilland Ashley Malin, researchers at Toronto's York University.
Studies that attest to the effectiveness of fluoridation were generally done before the widespread usage of fluoride-containing dental products like rinses and toothpastes in the 1970s and later, according to the recent Cochrane study. So while it may have once made sense to add fluoride to water, it no longer appears to be necessary or useful, Thiessen says.
It has also become clear in the last 15 years that fluoride primarily acts topically, according to the CDC. It reacts with the surface of the tooth enamel, making it more resistant to acids excreted by bacteria. Thus, there's no good reason to swallow fluoride and subject every tissue of your body to it, Thiessen says.
Another 2009 review by the Cochrane group clearly shows that fluoride toothpaste prevents cavities, serving as a useful counterpoint to fluoridation's uncertain benefits.
Across all nine studies included in the review looking at caries reductions in children's permanent choppers, there was evidence linking fluoridation to 26 percent decline in the prevalence of decayed, missing or filled permanent teeth. But the researchers say they have serious doubts about the validity of this number. They write: "We have limited confidence in the size of this effect due to the high risk of bias within the studies and the lack of contemporary evidence." Six of the nine studies were from before 1975, before fluoride toothpaste was widely available.
The review also found fluoridation was associated with a 14 percent increase in the number of children without any cavities. But more than two-thirds percent of the studies showing this took place more than 40 years ago, and are not of high quality.
Nearly all these papers were flawed in significant ways. For example, 70 percent of the cavity-reducing studies made no effort to control for important confounding factors such as dietary sources of fluoride other than tap water, diet in general (like how much sugar they consumed) or ethnicity.
When it comes to fluoridation research, even the best studies are not high quality. Although this was already well-established, it doesn't seem to be well-known.
"I couldn't believe the low quality of the research" on fluoridation, Sheldon says.
The data suggest that toothpaste, besides other preventative measures like dental sealants, flossing and avoiding sugar, are the real drivers in the decline of tooth decay in the past few decades, Thiessen says. Indeed, cavity rates have declined by similar amounts in countries with and without fluoridation.
Meanwhile, dental health leaves much to be desired in widely fluoridated America: About 60 percent of American teenagers have had cavities, and 15 percent have untreated tooth decay.
One thing the review definitively concluded: Fluoridation causes fluorosis.
This condition occurs when fluoride interferes with the cells that produce enamel, creating white flecks on the teeth. On average, about 12 percent of people in fluoridated areas have fluorosis bad enough that it qualifies as an "aesthetic concern," according to the review. According to Sheldon, that's a "huge number." A total of 40 percent of people in fluoridated areas have some level of fluorosis, though the majority of these cases are likely unnoticeable to the average person.
In a smaller percentage of cases, fluorosis can be severe enough to cause structural damage, brown stains and mottling to the tooth.
Sheldon says that if fluoridation were to be submitted anew for approval today, "nobody would even think about it" due to the shoddy evidence of effectiveness and obvious downside of fluorosis.
There is also a definite issue of inequality when it comes to fluorosis. Blacks and Mexican-Americans have higher rates of both moderate and severe forms of the condition. Blacks also have higher levels. As of 2004, 58 percent of African-Americans had fluorosis, compared to 36 percent of whites, and the condition is becoming more common.
The Cochrane review concerned itself only with oral health. It didn't address other health problems associated with fluoride, which Grandjean says need to be researched.
Many of the Cochrane study's conclusions conflict with statements by the CDC, the American Dental Association and others that maintain fluoridation is safe and effective. The ADA, for example, maintains on its website that "thousands of studies" support fluoridation's effectiveness—which is directly contradicted by the Cochrane findings. The ADA didn't immediately respond to requests for comment.
The CDC remains undeterred. "Nothing in the Cochrane review" reduces the government's "confidence in water fluoridation as a valuable tool to prevent tooth decay in children as well as adults," says Barbara Gooch, a dental researcher with CDC's Division of Oral Health.
The CDC and others "are somehow suspending disbelief," Sheldon says. They are "all in the mindset that this is a really good thing, and just not accepting that they might be wrong." Sheldon and others suggest pro-fluoridation beliefs are entrenched and will not easily change, despite the poor data quality and lack of evidence from the past 40 years.
Derek Richards, the editor of the journal Evidence-Based Dentistry (published by the prestigious Nature group) concedes that "we haven't got any current evidence" that fluoridation reduces cavities, "so we don't know how much it's reducing tooth decay at the moment," he says. "But I have no qualms about that." Richards reasons that because fluoridation may help reduce cavities in those who don't use toothpaste or take other preventative measures, including many in lower socioeconomic groups, it's likely still useful. He also argues that there's no conclusive evidence of harm from fluoridation (other than fluorosis), so he doesn't see a large downside.
But most scientists interviewed for this article don't necessarily think fluoridation's uncertain benefits justify its continuation without more stringent evidence, and argue for more research into the matter.
"When you have a public health intervention that's applied to everybody, the burden of evidence to know that people are likely to benefit and not to be harmed is much higher, since people can't choose," Sheldon says. Everybody drinks water, after all, mostly from the tap. "Public health bodies need to have the courage to look at this review," says Sheldon, "and be honest enough to say that this needs to be reconsidered."
Fizzy drinks lethal toll
Scientists warn they kill 184,000 a year through diabetes, heart disease and cancer
Study looked at sodas, fruit drinks, sports and energy drinks
Found they have no benefits but contribute to thousands of deaths
Urged world governments to eliminate such drinks from diets
By COLIN FERNANDEZ
Sugary drinks kill as many as 184,000 adults each year, scientists claim.
Fizzy soft drinks, fruit drinks, energy drinks and sweetened iced teas are causing thousands of deaths and have no health benefits, they said.
And they warned that governments across the world should make it a priority to eliminate such drinks from people's diets.
Researchers said sugary drinks were implicated in 133,000 diabetes deaths worldwide in one year. Another 45,000 died from cardiovascular disease and 6,450 from cancer. All three diseases have been linked to high sugar consumption.
Steven shouldn't your talent be directed against manufacturers who cause the tooth rot to youngsters rather than crusading for fluoride.
Study looked at sodas, fruit drinks, sports and energy drinks
Found they have no benefits but contribute to thousands of deaths
Urged world governments to eliminate such drinks from diets
By COLIN FERNANDEZ
Sugary drinks kill as many as 184,000 adults each year, scientists claim.
Fizzy soft drinks, fruit drinks, energy drinks and sweetened iced teas are causing thousands of deaths and have no health benefits, they said.
And they warned that governments across the world should make it a priority to eliminate such drinks from people's diets.
Researchers said sugary drinks were implicated in 133,000 diabetes deaths worldwide in one year. Another 45,000 died from cardiovascular disease and 6,450 from cancer. All three diseases have been linked to high sugar consumption.
Steven shouldn't your talent be directed against manufacturers who cause the tooth rot to youngsters rather than crusading for fluoride.
How Conflicts of Interest Have Corrupted the CDC
By Dr. Mercola
Conflicts of interest have become more the rule than the occasional exception. Even the trusted US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) receives heavy funding from industry.How this conflict of interest may have affected the organization's decisions is the topic of an article1 in the British Medical Journal (BMJ), penned by the journal's associate editor, Jeanne Lenzer, who notes:"The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) includes the following disclaimer with its recommendations:"CDC, our planners, and our content experts wish to disclose they have no financial interests or other relationships with the manufacturers of commercial products... CDC does not accept commercial support."The CDC's image as an independent watchdog over the public health has given it enormous prestige, and its recommendations are occasionally enforced by law.Despite the agency's disclaimer, the CDC does receive millions of dollars in industry gifts and funding, both directly and indirectly, and several recent CDC actions and recommendations have raised questions about the science it cites, the clinical guidelines it promotes, and the money it is taking."............
Surely not - would they Steven?
Monday, June 29, 2015
Rates of thyroid cancer tripled since 1975 - public water utilities continue to poison us with water fluoridation
(NaturalNews) As scientists struggle to explain why thyroid cancer rates have more than tripled in the U.S. since the mid-1970s, nobody's addressing the elephant in the room that is artificial water fluoridation and the confirmed toxicity of fluoride chemicals when they enter the thyroid gland.
A study published last year attempted to explain away the thyroid cancer epidemic in the U.S. today, blaming it not on more actual cases of the disease, but rather on morediagnoses. The problem, say researchers from Dartmouth University, is that thyroid cancer is supposedly overdiagnosed and overtreated.
"The incidence of thyroid cancer is at epidemic proportions, but it doesn't look like an epidemic of disease," believes Dr. H. Gilbert Welch, a professor of medicine at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice. "[I]t looks like an epidemic of diagnosis," he's quoted as saying by HealthDay News.
It's a plausible hypothesis, actually: Just like with prostate cancer, testing regimens for thyroid cancer oftentimes pick up benign cancers that never would have developed into anything serious. Meanwhile, many of those diagnosed undergo invasive procedures, such as having their thyroids completely removed, that were never even necessary.
"This means that a lot of people are having their thyroids removed for a cancer that was never going to bother them," said Dr. Welch, suggesting that, as more people become aware of thyroid cancer and have their necks examined to look for problems, they're being misdiagnosed.
Multiple studies dating back to the 1970s link fluoride exposure to thyroid and other cancersBut what about the fluoride connection? Sure, some folks are being misdiagnosed as this study suggests, but it's surely not misdiagnosis that's primarily responsible for the more than 300% rise in thyroid cancer rates over the past 40 years. So what is it?
A study published just this year showed that fluoride ingestion is directly associated with rising rates of underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism. Published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, the paper "raises questions about the safety of community fluoridation," to quote the words of one of its authors...........
Sunday, June 28, 2015
Saturday, June 27, 2015
He's back
Welcome back Steven I know you've been busy writing comments elsewhere. According to Google almost 900 hits on this page when you wrote far more than normal so I must thank you for writing.
I don't know if people believe you or not but you are passionate in fluoridation's support.
What are your views on the pineal gland does fluoride affect it not forgetting the thyroid of course. Your views on both would be appreciated.
Below is Stevens latest comment followed by Chris Cooke's and then Steven at his rude best.
Followed by Chris's
"Misleading answer"?
No. Dental fluorosis can only occur during the teeth developing years of 0-8. Skeletal fluorosis is so rare in the 74.6% fluoridated US as to be nearly non-existent. The US Institute of Medicine established daily upper intake of fluoride before skeletal fluorosis or any other adverse effct may occur, is 10 mg.
Steven D. Slott, DDS
Steven, nice to have you back! :-)
I have to tell you, though, that there is a multitude of sin hidden behind your simple quotation of a statistic. Take your "everything is hunky-dory if you consume less that 10mg per day" figure.
1. That "upper intake" limit for babies is not 10mg/day of course. It is actually 0.7 - going as high as 2.2mg/d for 4 - 8 yrs.
2. Bear in mind this is the upper "tolerable" intake (U.T.I.) - above which, presumably, it would not be tolerable?? Not for anybody. You seem not to want to use that qualifying word "tolerable". Why not?
3. This U.T.I. applies to "almost all individuals in the population" according to the Institute. No idea then of who it does NOT apply to? Or the harm that might be done? I would imagine people with pre-existing medical conditions, particularly kidney malfunction, were most at risk. How many people is this? What harm may occur to them? Will any die - or live shorter lives - as a result? How do we protect them?
4. Yet this U.T.I. becomes meaningless when set aside the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) because there is NO RDA (apparently not enough research!). Makes you wonder how they managed to get the U.T.L. figures! Instead they give what they call an "Adequate Intake" (A.I.) figure (they admit this figure is not much better than a guess and do not know how many people this A.I. might apply to). This A.I. varies between 2 - 4 mg/d for (healthy!) adults to the much lower levels for children, to as near as dammit zero for babies. Not forgetting that water fluoridation is being sold to us as helping children's teeth - children seem to have a much lower tolerance for this poison. Natural mother's milk also uniquely filters out the fluoride from the body - showing that perhaps breast-feeding is really best?
5. However the real damnation of this 10mg U.T.I. figure lies in the source - which is dated 1997! 18 years ago!! There's been a lot of research in those intervening years virtually without exception showing fluoride to be more dangerous than previously believed.
So, you see Steven, your reassuringly glib assertion about a 10mg "Upper Limit" is more deceptive than clarifying. As is your comment reference "skeletal fluorosis". Younger and younger people nowadays are being diagnosed with "arthritis" which is almost identical to skeletal fluorosis. Doctors are not trained to recognise anything but the severest forms of skeletal fluorosis and, until that point, invariable will diagnose arthritis instead. Maybe it's the skeletal fluorosis diagnosis that is rare, rather than the condition??
Regardless, I guess you'll continue to use those same 10mg/d ("upper intake" - nothing about "tolerable"!) figures on other forums. But you will now know that on this forum at least we won't have the wool pulled over our eyes with seriously misleading statistics.
1. The IOM daily upper limit for infants:
0-6 mos -0.7 mg.
6-12 mos - 0.9 mg
1-3 years- 1.2 mg
4-8 yrs- 2.3 mg
Above 8 yrs- 10 mg
The only risk to infants and children 0-8 years from exceeding this upper limit due to optimally fluoridated water, is mild to very mild dental fluorisis, a barely detectible effect which causes no adversity on cosmetic, form, function, or health of teeth.
That mild dental fluorosis is the only risk to infants is evidenced by the fact that after age 8, the daily UL jumps to 10 mg . Dental fluorosis can only occur during the teeth developing years of 0-8.
The validity of the IOM daily UL is evidenced by the fact that in the 70 year hustory of fluoridation, there have been no proven adverse effects.
Your unsubstantiated speculation and personal opinions are meaningless. If you have any valid, peer-reviewed scientific evidence of any adverse effects of optimal level fluoride.....including to patients with "pre-existing, conditions, particularly kidney malfunction".....then present it, properly cited.
As no such evidence exists, I will not hold my breath in anticipation.
Steven D. Slott, DDS
Steven - the first part of your latest comment is about amounts for infants. That merely reproduces and expands on what I said. Were you trying to make a point? If so what was it? The rest of your comment simply sidesteps my five points. I must take it therefore that you agree with me that your quoting of an official "Upper Intake" figure of 10mg lacked proper qualification and or explanation. Therefore I was right and your comment was indeed misleading.
The rest of your comment is a "come on - show me the evidence" type of comment. There's no way I'm going to text volumes for you merely to "refuse to accept" or simply ignore. You can have this link here: http://fluoridealert.org/studies/schiffl-2008/ . There's enough other links on the web if you care to research.
The five studies quoted in this link are mostly recent. They are peer reviewed because otherwise they would not get published in well known and respectable medical journals - although I understand (before you say so) that peer review standards vary from journal to journal.
BTW - I've just been having a chortle at the ADA pro-fluoridation propaganda "Fluoridation Facts" (71 pages!!). It has a very curious idea of what a "fact" is. They don't seem to be able to tell simple truth on anything!! So if that's what fills up you daily reading diet I can understand why you dentists say the things that you say! Just one little "for instance". They claim not one single European Country has ever banned fluoridation. Despite Germany having an actual law against it and Holland stopping it in the 1970's when it was judged illegal. This link will fill you in: http://topinfopost.com/2014/02/13/98-per-cent-of-europe-banned-water-fluoridation - Complete with scanned copies of confirmation letters from the proper authorities in each of those countries. So .... tell me Steven .... how can this ADA - whose "professional opinion" you seem to value so highly - make up such gob-smacking and patently untrue "facts"? Is it willful ignorance or deliberate deception?
Bombshell: Government Admits Fluoride Hurting... by jaggedmalmsey
Another old video but worth watching again and maybe Steven hasn't seen it.
Canada - Fluoride: we're stuck with it, reader
Dear Mayor and council,
We read with interest the article in the Beacon Star on June 5 (Town opts to stick with fluoride) regarding the town's decision to keep the fluoridation of the water supply to the town.
We have a few questions regarding this decision.
Dr. Jim Chirico stated that fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral found in rock, soil and water. However, when we spoke with Coun. Paul Borneman in December 2014, he told us the type of fluoride that the town uses comes from industrial plant waste in Asia. It is illegal for use there, because of its toxicity. It is not a naturally-occurring fluoride. Consequently, we started to do some research and discovered that many people – health care professionals and ordinary citizens – have had a growing concern over the safety and efficiency of treating drinking water with this chemical mixture. Dr. Chirico also states that the water is treated with chlorine, another toxic chemical. He failed to point out that while chlorine is easily and inexpensively removed from water (if one so chooses), the fluoride compound - and some of the chemicals that come with it- cannot be removed; we are stuck with it.
We would like to hear a response from council on some other questions: How much research into the effects and efficiency of water fluoridation did the councillors themselves do?
In the district of Parry Sound, where a majority of the populace lives outside the area served by treated water, the local dental professionals would see if there was a marked difference between the dental health of those drinking the fluoride treated water and home and those that are on other systems. Was this report prepared and presented?
Knowing that many residents of the town had concerns about the addition of this type of fluoride into our drinking water, what professional did the council ask to present the arguments against the addition of the chemical mixture, so that balanced discussion could be had, and more informed decision could be made?
As this chemical is used to treat humans, and not for the safety of the water supply, do the councilors feel they are in a better position to prescribe this drug to the residents en masse, than our individual health care practitioners are? How did they come to this conclusion?
Coun. Brad Horne stated that he agreed with the World Health Organization about the fact that we put fluoride in the water.
We are enclosing a report from the World Health Organization about the danger of fluoride and the need to remove it from water, due to the many conditions people suffer from fluoridation ranging from 'mild dental fluorosis to crippling skeletal fluorosis.'
As well, we are including several reports from Europe and North America, from a wide range of health care professionals, with accreditations and sources noted, regarding the dangers of the addition of this chemical mixture drinking water.
You will note that Dr. Arvid Carlsson, Nobel Laureate in Medicine/Physiology has this to say: "Fluoridation goes against all principles of pharmacology. It's obsolete."
We would like to close by reminding the council that Dr. Chirico warns of the dangers of "selective review of the literature." Until both sides of the argument are fully presented, that is exactly what council has let happen.
It is not too late to review your decision.
Wayne and Mary Anne Gilbert
Parry Sound
I see Steven added his comments. He keeps busy.
Ask Tufts Experts July 2015 Issue
Q. My dentist recommended using a prescription fluoride toothpaste. If the water in my city is already fluoridated, does that contribute to the risk of possible overdose?
A. Public Health Dentist Wanda Wright, DDS, and Associate Clinical Professor David Leader, DMD, posed this question to Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Dental/Public Health students. Their short answer is that using prescription fluoride toothpaste in communities with water fluoridated at the usual 0.7 to 1.0 parts per million (PPM) will not contribute to the risk of an overdose.
They explain, "Fluoride reaches a toxic level only at 2.5 to 5 grams per kilogram (2.2 pounds) when consumed within two to four hours. That means that an adult would have to ingest hundreds of gallons of community-fluoridated water within a few hours to cause harm. If you were to try to drink that much water so quickly, you would die from the effect of the water before the fluoride could reach a toxic level. It is very important to note the two- to four-hour time frame. Consuming less fluoride over time does not create an additive effect.
"How much water is a toxic dose? In 2007, a 28-year-old woman died after swallowing only 6 liters (6.34 quarts) of water in a contest. That water might have contained 6 milligrams of fluoride. The additional fluoride of prescription toothpaste, if you were to swallow all of the prescription toothpaste on a toothbrush, might be as high as 2 milligrams per use. That means that if this woman also used prescription fluoride toothpaste in that time, she may have ingested as much as 8 milligrams of fluoride in 24 hours. That is a small percentage of an acutely toxic dose for an adult. Please note that we do not recommend prescription fluoride toothpaste for children under seven years old."
Misleading answer, an overdose no but long term harm like fluorosis yes.
Friday, June 26, 2015
Exposure to mixture of common chemicals may trigger cancer, scientists find
Cancer research has been focused on lifestyle factors as triggers but a high-profile taskforce of international scientists says chemical exposure is a factor. Photograph: Philippe Huguen/AFP/Getty Images
Australian Associated Press
Cancer research has been focused on lifestyle factors as triggers but a high-profile taskforce of international scientists says chemical exposure is a factor.
Chemicals deemed safe to humans may blend lethally together inside the human body to cause cancer, a report says.
Researchers, including New Zealand scientist Dr Linda Gulliver, have released findings into possible links between common chemicals and the development of cancer.
Their results, published in the journal Carcinogenesis, show mixtures of chemicals used in our environment may be acting in concert with each other inside the body to trigger the disease.
Gulliver, from Otago University's faculty of medicine, says on the back of the findings of the Halifax Project, "considerable attention" needs to be given to investigating the concerning links.
A high-profile taskforce was formed in 2013 by the international organisation Getting to Know Cancer, which was concerned that cancer research was focused primarily on the role of heritable and lifestyle factors as triggers.
This is despite evidence that as many as one in five cancers may be caused by chemical exposures in the environment that are not related to personal lifestyle choices.
Chemicals are tested for carcinogenic links, but only one at a time, leaving questions around the possibility that a fusion of these chemicals may instead be causing cancer.
The taskforce of 174 scientists in 28 countries investigated 85 prototypic chemicals that were not considered to be carcinogenic to humans, and they reviewed their effects against a long list of mechanisms that are important for cancer development.
Working in teams that focused on various hallmarks of cancer, the group found that 50 of those chemicals examined supported key cancer-related mechanisms at levels at which humans are routinely exposed.
The finding supports the idea that chemicals may be capable of acting in concert with one another to cause cancer, even though low-level exposures to these chemicals individually might not be carcinogenic.
Lead researcher William Goodson III, from San Francisco's California Pacific Medical Center, said his results show one-at-a-time testing is out of date and must be modernised.
Thursday, June 25, 2015
Dentist issues appeal over use of 'vital' free NHS treatments
A Lancashire dentist has warned parents that they could be putting their children at risk of tooth decay by not taking advantage of free NHS treatment.
According to a Faculty of Dental Surgery report, around a quarter of a million children develop tooth decay by the time they start school, making it the county's most common childhood disease.
Fluoride varnish is a free preventative treatment and is available to all children aged three and above, providing they are clinically suitable.
The treatment offers protections against decay and strengthens the teeth.
Mydentist practice manager Nicola Brown, said: "Statistics show 30% of children didn't see an NHS dentist between 2012 and 2014 and dental issues are the main reason for children being admitted to hospital.
£30m. was spent on tooth extractions for under 18s in 2012/2013.
"We're committed to changing this trend in Lancashire and have an oral health nurse who goes out to local schools and offers help and advice on dental health to both parents and children.
"We are particularly keen for families with young children to register with us so they can benefit from free NHS fluoride varnish treatment."
The treatment is applied to children's teeth trice a year from the age of three.
According to a Faculty of Dental Surgery report, around a quarter of a million children develop tooth decay by the time they start school, making it the county's most common childhood disease.
Fluoride varnish is a free preventative treatment and is available to all children aged three and above, providing they are clinically suitable.
The treatment offers protections against decay and strengthens the teeth.
Mydentist practice manager Nicola Brown, said: "Statistics show 30% of children didn't see an NHS dentist between 2012 and 2014 and dental issues are the main reason for children being admitted to hospital.
£30m. was spent on tooth extractions for under 18s in 2012/2013.
"We're committed to changing this trend in Lancashire and have an oral health nurse who goes out to local schools and offers help and advice on dental health to both parents and children.
"We are particularly keen for families with young children to register with us so they can benefit from free NHS fluoride varnish treatment."
The treatment is applied to children's teeth trice a year from the age of three.
America's third-world government dumps fluoride in drinking water while Ethiopia seeks to remove toxin from water to protect public health
(NaturalNews) It's a prolific disease that's ravaging some areas of Africa and causing permanent health damage among residents. No, we're not talking about malaria or AIDS -- fluorosis, a health condition triggered by exposure to fluoride, is damaging people's teeth and skeletal structures throughout Ethiopia, so much so that health authorities there are working feverishly to get it out of the water supplies to protect public health.
Unlike in the U.S., where dentists, industry lobbyists and corrupt government workers still erroneously insist that fluoride is a "nutrient" that prevents cavities, Ethiopia has a much different view of the chemical. Naturally occurring fluoride, it turns out, has been seeping into water supplies, causing an epidemic of oral and skeletal health problems.
Tens of millions of Ethiopians, according to reports, are right now suffering the ill effects of fluoride exposure, which in addition to destroying teeth also deforms bones and increases the risk of osteoporosis. Locals are developing severe mottling in their teeth, their bones are becoming weak, and their teeth are literally turning brown as a result of fluoride exposure.
"Fluoride-tainted teeth begin to show after one cuts his or her milk teeth and when the permanent teeth grow," stated Fitsum Agza, a resident of Adama City, located about 62 miles east of the capital city of Addis Ababa, to Worldbulletin News. Agza is one of many whose teeth have been destroyed by exposure to fluoride.
"People think we smoke, looking at our tarnished teeth."
High levels of fluoride in Ethiopian water considered "optimal" by U.S. governmentIn case you were wondering, Ethiopia doesn't intentionally contaminate its water with fluoride chemicals. They come naturally from magma and other volcanic matter beneath the earth's crust, rising to the surface via hot springs and other surface water that's eventually drunk by local people groups.
And the amounts of fluoride found in the water aren't any higher than the maximum "safe" limit established by the U.S. government for American water supplies. Reports indicate that fluoride levels in Ethiopian water range from about 1.5 to 4 milligrams per liter (or parts per million), which falls within the range considered "safe" by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) -- the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it's important to note, now recommends an "optimal" fluoride level of 0.7 ppm, after recently revising the maximum amount of 1.2 ppm.
"Fluoride... causes bone deformities and fractures," stated Dr. Aweke Kebede, a nutrition researcher at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute, to Worldbulletin News. "Sometimes, excessive intake of fluoride-mix water causes nerve problems, though not directly.
Naturally occurring fluoride isn't the same as the fluoride added to U.S. water suppliesSadly, the type of fluoride Dr. Kebede is talking about here isn't even as harmful as the kind intentionally added to U.S. water supplies. Naturally occurring calcium fluoride, which is what Ethiopia is currently dealing with, is an actual mineral; sodium fluoride, hexafluorosilicic acid and various other synthetic fluoride chemicals, on the other hand, are flat-out industrial waste.
Naturally occurring fluoride, it turns out, isn't very water-soluble, meaning it lacks some of the ionic configurations necessary for toxic uptake by humans and animals. The synthetic kind, which American taxpayers actually pay to have laced into their tap water, is highly soluble, hence its dual use as an insecticide and rodenticide.
"The main source of fluoride are [sic] the basaltic rocks in the Rift Valley [of Ethiopia], which have both elevated fluoride content and low soluble calcium concentrations," explains a Water Resource Quality report on the fluoride epidemic in Ethiopia, the purpose of which was to find a solution to effectively remove this contaminant.
Meanwhile, Americans are being forced to guzzle down, shower in and breathe the fumes from fluoride-laced water which corrupt health authorities claim is "good for teeth." The contrast between how Ethiopia, a supposedly "Third World" nation, sees fluoride -- as a clear and present toxin! -- and how the U.S. sees fluoride -- as a nutrient that corrupt politicians continue to force on the public -- is absolutely striking.
Wednesday, June 24, 2015
'Scrap water fluoridation plans in Hull' – Red Labour councillor Gill Kennett
A COUNCILLOR is calling for dental health plans to add fluoride to Hull's water supply to be scrapped.
Gill Kennett, the only Hull Red Labour councillor at the Guildhall, says the safety of water fluoridation cannot be guaranteed because of a wealth of conflicting evidence.
Cllr Kennett, a member of Hull's Health Scrutiny Commission, said: "There is scientific evidence for it and against it. You will always look to one side of the evidence or the other to back up your argument.
"Personally, I believe it is bad for you, but I cannot argue on that because even the scientists cannot agree.
"So, I'm going on the precautionary principle and I'm saying we shouldn't do it.
"It's no good looking back after 50 years and wishing we hadn't done this."
Hull's Health and Wellbeing Board has embarked on a feasibility study on a water fluoridation scheme as part of the draft oral health plan attempting to reduce levels of tooth decay in children.
The study will examine whether or not water fluoridation would be possible.
Even if it confirms the scheme would be possible, it could still take up to three years to introduce, is likely to require the support of East Riding Council and councillors are already suggesting it could require a referendum.
Cllr Kennett spent 20 years in social services at Hull City Council, including 12 years as a manager, before becoming a councillor, representing Holderness ward, in 2012. Last year, she was removed from the Labour Group after refusing to vote for the annual budgets because of cuts to services.
She said she supported the oral health plan, excluding the feasibility study over water fluoridation, and called for cash earmarked for any fluoridation scheme to be spent on a concerted effort to help families in more deprived areas understand the importance of oral hygiene in children.
"It is a wonderful oral health plan but water fluoridation is clouding the issue and taking attention away from the good parts," she said.
"History is strewn with examples of how we've looked back and wished we hadn't done something. Look at lead, asbestos and Thalidomide.
"We just can't be sure so we shouldn't be doing it."
I wonder if Gill Kennett is aware that one million was spent by the NHS in their attempt to introduce fluoridation to Southampton and failed. No one admitted responsibility or was held responsible for the waste of money trying to force it through when people overwhelmingly voted against the scheme.
I wonder if Gill Kennett is aware that one million was spent by the NHS in their attempt to introduce fluoridation to Southampton and failed. No one admitted responsibility or was held responsible for the waste of money trying to force it through when people overwhelmingly voted against the scheme.
Tuesday, June 23, 2015
Should we be putting something in the water to help all the people who can't control their appetite?
Fluoride, arsenic and iodine in China's drinking water poisons 50 million people
Fluoride levels in more than 1,000 counties are too high, while arsenic poses a threat to about 600,000 mainlanders, magazine reportsTens of millions of mainland Chinese are being poisoned by unsafe levels of fluoride and arsenic in drinking water, despite decades of official efforts to improve supplies, state media say.
Elevated fluoride levels were found in the water in more than 1,000 counties across the country at the end of 2013, Oriental Outlook, a magazine affiliated with Xinhua, on Monday quoted a Centre for Disease Control and Prevention expert as saying.
Nearly 21 million people suffered diseases caused by excessive exposure, such as skeletal fluorosis - a painful condition that affects bones and joints and which can cripple in severe cases, according to Gao Yanhui, an expert at the centre's National Centre for Endemic Disease Control. Gao said 87 million people were at risk nationwide.
Elevated fluoride levels were found in the water in more than 1,000 counties across the country at the end of 2013, Oriental Outlook, a magazine affiliated with Xinhua, on Monday quoted a Centre for Disease Control and Prevention expert as saying.
Nearly 21 million people suffered diseases caused by excessive exposure, such as skeletal fluorosis - a painful condition that affects bones and joints and which can cripple in severe cases, according to Gao Yanhui, an expert at the centre's National Centre for Endemic Disease Control. Gao said 87 million people were at risk nationwide.
Monday, June 22, 2015
Natural Fluoride (CaF2) vs Chemical Fluoride
Clarification on the two types of fluoride to which ADH health officials keep referring:
There are two main forms of fluoride in the world today. One type is the natural version of fluoride that is naturally found in the environment, and it is not that harmful to the environment or to us. The natural version of fluoride found in the soil is known as calcium fluoride (CaF2). The other version is an industrial synthetic called sodium fluoride, a synthetic toxic waste that is known to cause cancer.
Manufacturers of sodium fluoride manipulated their data to create the illusion that sodium fluoride is not toxic. They then used this data to convince political leaders to allow them to add sodium fluoride into consumer products, pesticides and drinking water. (You may have heard it said: "The solution to pollution is dilution." This is dangerous!)
The fluoride chemicals being used to fluoridate drinking water are: hydrofluorosilicic acid, sodium fluorosilicate, and sodium fluoride. Unlike the fluoride compounds found in toothpaste or supplements, water fluoridation chemicals are not pharmaceutical grade quality. They are, instead, unpurified industrial by-products that are collected in the air pollution control systems of certain industries.
Calcium fluoride, which occurs naturally, is not included in the Poisons List. This is because natural fluoride is not very soluble in water. Substances used in the artificial fluoridation of the public water supply are *sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6), and hydrofluosilicic acid (H2SiF6). These artificial fluorides are highly soluble in water.
There are two main forms of fluoride in the world today. One type is the natural version of fluoride that is naturally found in the environment, and it is not that harmful to the environment or to us. The natural version of fluoride found in the soil is known as calcium fluoride (CaF2). The other version is an industrial synthetic called sodium fluoride, a synthetic toxic waste that is known to cause cancer.
Manufacturers of sodium fluoride manipulated their data to create the illusion that sodium fluoride is not toxic. They then used this data to convince political leaders to allow them to add sodium fluoride into consumer products, pesticides and drinking water. (You may have heard it said: "The solution to pollution is dilution." This is dangerous!)
The fluoride chemicals being used to fluoridate drinking water are: hydrofluorosilicic acid, sodium fluorosilicate, and sodium fluoride. Unlike the fluoride compounds found in toothpaste or supplements, water fluoridation chemicals are not pharmaceutical grade quality. They are, instead, unpurified industrial by-products that are collected in the air pollution control systems of certain industries.
Calcium fluoride, which occurs naturally, is not included in the Poisons List. This is because natural fluoride is not very soluble in water. Substances used in the artificial fluoridation of the public water supply are *sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6), and hydrofluosilicic acid (H2SiF6). These artificial fluorides are highly soluble in water.


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Viral marketing, as already discussed in previous blog entries enjoys increased popularity and respect amongst marketers. Various campaigns have emerged out of nowhere and pleased online users with creative, funny and somehow unique content. One of them came from the German organisation "Complete Washroom Soulutions" CWS two years ago in 2007 and is, in my opinion, well worthy to be mentioned.
CWS chose the way of celebrity endorsement. They enlisted supermodel and actress Milla Jovovich for their video promotion to add a little bit of style, coolness and sex appeal. The scene shows her in a posh nightclub in a toilet stall, kneeing on the floor and preparing to snort a line of the drug cocaine from a toilet seat. Unfortunately for her, the toilet seat's automated sanitary mechanism gets activated and the seat starts to rotate in order to clean itself. Milla keeps trying to get her nose full, but she is too slow and her initial shocked face reveals a massive scream that makes the other ladies who are in the bathroom wonder… the viewer is left a few seconds and then the message "say no to dirt" appears. But see it yourself, if you have not seen it yet.
Not only a very appropriate slogan for a toilet solutions maker, but also a great way to highlight a situation that is a well known problem for many bars and clubs. They advertise their product by offering a solution to a common "problem" (a clean seat for everyone at any time) and also make a statement about drug abuse. In my view they can be given some credit for a small contribution of corporate social responsibility. With 1,091,485 views on social networking site Youtube there must have been certain success through awareness creation and increased web traffic for CWS. "Online you are what you publish" (says David Meerman Scott). In that context, CWS achieved to create a fresh and modern image for themselves with that particular clip. Moreover, raised public awareness of a B2B brand can influence some kind of a pull effect, which generates demand from the end-user up the supply chain. Whilst some may argue its actual value to the company, I think that having your brand name out there is certainly a positive aspect that can have a variety of effects. Brand awareness creation, which involves brand recall and brand recognition, supports strategic brand management when building name recognition for your organisation, service or product.
There may be a connection between an earlier anti-drug campaign that is shown on video sharing site Dailymotion. Unfortunately, I struggle to find any closer information about that one, but here is the video. (I'll have to warn you, it is certainly not a nice scene to watch and blood is involved… so children under 16 should probably not watch it)
The CWS video promotion is considered as excellent by various experts such as David Meerman-Scott or Marketingprofs, because it shows that really every brand can go viral, no matter whether B2B or B2C as well as no matter what product type. Even a product that may be rather considered as "boring" and "unexciting" such as a toilet can create buzz and become memorable through its marketing. It does not always need to be a highly fancy consumer product, but the way it is presented must be somehow special. Granfield from Marketingmag reports that brand advertisement can become remarkable by telling a story (if you have a few spare minutes, read his article: "How to get the world's attention without being remarkable" here, I think it is brilliant!) This matches with what I referred to in one of my previous blog entries: create content that engages and excites your target audience. Nevertheless, the product or service must be of a certain value and quality – marketing can do lots, but it's certainly no magician that turns "rubbish" into profit. Well… it actually did work with some brands, but that is my personal opinion and I do not want to cause any offence by mentioning names. 😉
In the end viral marketing could be referred to as "online gossip". As long as you create something that makes people pass it on, remember and discuss it you have definitely secured "your foot in the door". People love stories, otherwise things like books, TV and cinemas would not really work. I am sure nearly every one of us is guilty of having been involved in some form of "gossip". Now, just apply the gossip to marketing, think how you can make the people you want to get interested in your story and get started!

subset: commoncrawl


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Happy Thoughts Weddings Officiant, Celebrant and Events
Officiant/Celebrant and Coordination Services
Contact Us
Customer Testimonials
What our couples have to say about Happy Thoughts Weddings
Pastor Aaron was the perfect officiant for our wedding and did an outstanding job from start to finish. He met with us twice before the wedding to ensure we were all on the same page and that he understood all of his wishes. He kept email correspondence the entire length of the process and met all of our needs. He showed up for the rehearsal (at no extra charge) to walk through the ceremony and calm our nerves. The day of the wedding, he showed up early to talk with each of us before the actual ceremony. The ceremony went flawlessly and the sand ceremony was perfect. He even capped the sand and gave it to us as our wedding present. He does a fantastic job and works with you through the entire process!
Michael and Lauren
They were fabulous to work with. They had a lot of good ideas and unique traditions for the ceremony. The premarital counseling that they provided is really beneficial and provides a great start to your marriage. I would definitely recommend them, you can't have anyone better than them for your officiant and friend. Again, very nice folks that are very open minded and flexible so don't hesitate to call.
Amy and Angel
Aaron and his wife are an absolute blessing to have around when it comes to wedding chaos! They both made things seem a little easier when it came to the planning by helping in any way possible. They both attended the rehearsal and Patricia actually participated as a stand in for someone who could not make it! Aaron is very flexible when it comes to any and all detail of the ceremony! I could not have imagined having anyone else help celebrate and join us together as man and wife!! They were willing to meet with us on several different occasions to get minor details down and we usually ended up sitting and chatting for an hour or so about anything and everything! I would highly recommend him and even suggest that you get to know them early on as they are very good and kind people!! Thanks so much for marrying my husband and I! If I had to do it all over again there would be no second guess when it came to an officiant--Pastor Aaron Woodrum every time!!
Jessica and Boston
Aaron and his wife Patria were absolutely wonderful to work with. They made themselves available for multiple meetings and responded promptly to emails, to help ensure that our wedding was totally representative of us, and their calm, friendly demeanor instilled total confidence along the way. Aaron was so responsive to any changes to content we requested to ensure that all of the ceremony material fully fit us as a couple. It is so apparent that he truly enjoys and genuinely cares about this vocation. We couldn't recommend him and his wife more, they went to unbelievable lengths to make our day incredibly special and unforgettable. Thanks Aaron and Patria!
Kelly and Phil
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Still in stock
can be shipped within 1 days
Normal Price: £2.99 per metre
SPECIAL ONLINE PRICE: 99p per metre
Self design in stripes. Colour is turquoise. Great fabric. Suitable for all types of dress wear. Medium weight. Fabric hangs well and is suitable for all types of dress wear including tops, blouses, skirts, dresses, costumes, accessories etc. Easy wearing and machine washable. Limited stock availability. 45"/115cm wide.
IN STOCK NOW: approx. 50 metres
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It's Official: High Heels Are Meeting Their Slow Demise
Are high heels losing steam? If you've swapped vertiginous shoes for comfy flats and sneakers—like Ashley Olsen—you're not the only one. Yahoo! Style reported on a study conducted by market analysis company Mintel, which revealed insights into which shoe styles women are really buying right now.
The study analyzed the shopping habits of UK women in particular, and found that for the first time ever, more UK women are buying sneakers than high heels. Specifically, "37% of UK women who have bought footwear in the last year bought trainers, compared to 33% who bought shoes with a heel." The only shoes more popular than sneakers are flats.
Mintel's senior fashion analyst, Tamara Sender, offered more insight in a statement: "The UK sportswear market has seen strong growth in the last year, and there has been a trend for consumers to integrate sports clothing into their daily wardrobes, meaning trainers have also become more popular among women, overtaking heels to become the second favourite item of footwear after flat shoes," she explained in the report.
Ready to swap out your high heels? Scroll down to shop some of our favorite sneakers on the market right now!
The navy suede material makes these shoes look a lot more expensive than they are.
Word to the wise: These are Kendall Jenner's favorite sneakers.
These classic sneakers are having a moment in the fashion industry right now.
Will you ever trade in heels for flats and sneakers once and for all? Tell us in the comments below!
Opening Image: Style du Monde
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Cottage Holiday Reviews for Fletchers Combe Barn
Average rating:
(17 reviews)
Fletchers Combe Barn, Diptford, Totnes, Devon, TQ9 7NQ
Description of the self cateringFletchers Combe Barn sleeps 14 in 5 double and 2 twin or double bedrooms with 5 bath/shower rooms. A fully equipped kitchen, lounge, TV lounge and dining room for up to 16 complete the Visit England 4 star rated accommodation. Outside there is a fenced secure garden with stream and terrace with outdoor dining for 14, BBQs and a giant chess set. Fletchers Combe is set in a secluded valley midway between the coast and beaches of the South Hams and the National Park of Dartmoor. The nearby village has both pub and shop while the shopping centre of medieval Totnes is 15 minutes by car.
Best Features
* Secluded and private location
* Stables barn with traditional skittle alley, table tennis/football pool table darts and 6 mountain bikes
* Childrens play area and fenced garden
* Petanque court and nature trail
* 60 acres of farmland with trails, streams and woodland
* All inclusive prices
Sleeps: from 7 to 14
Pets: Yes
Contact Details
Contact Name: Di Wilkins
Telephone: 01548 821609
ReviewsReport a Review
|Cottage Review:
Totally fantastic property and would so go back! Perfect for the whole family! The dogs loved it even more than us with all the amazing land to run in!
|Make up of party: Families
|Cottage Review:
Di Wilkins is the perfect host; full of helpful advice and support, even before you set foot into the beautifully restored Barn. There is plenty of space, with a large and superbly equipped kitchen. It was the focal point of our weekend and allowed us to prepare a 5-course dinner for 12 with relative ease. The dining room is larger than the photos convey and all the bedrooms are comfy.
The gamesroom is excellent fun (darts, pool, table tennis, skittles and table football; we could've spent longer in here. The surrounding area is tranquil and ideal for gentle walks.
In sum, worth the 3-4 hour from London to get away from it all. Stay here if you feel like some pampering in a gorgeous Barn, supported excellently by Di.
|Make up of party: 12 friends for a long weekend of good wine and food, with lots of laughter. Fletchers Combe is perfect for this, to unwind and get away from a busy week.
|Cottage Review:
Stayed in both properties here, very isolated but ideal for our group of stags. Games room, barbi and outside gardens were used to the max. Very well equipped kitchen in the barns meant we were able to eat together in one place , only using bedrooms in farm house. Torquay was our Saturday night venue only a 40 minute taxi ride away. Happy cabbies of totnes. This was my second time here, first being my wife\\\\\\\'s 50th birthday weekend , equally suitable for older age group in a more relaxing way. Space, comfort , high speck with plenty on your door step to explore. Both groups of people who I\\\\\\\'ve been down with were very impressed. Simon the owner was always very helpful.
Vernon Oxfordshire
|Make up of party: First visit friends at 50th birthday. 7 couples. Second Stag do ages from 25 to 54 (21 happy lads)
|Cottage Review:
We booked this property for a reunion with friends and it was perfect.
Lots of space and fantastic for the children. They spent the whole weekend outside in the beautiful grounds and play areas.
We went on walks from the property suitable for us all, with lovely beaches not far away.
It is very secluded so we could make as much noise as we liked.
Simon Harrington who runs the property was very accommodating, nothing was too much trouble.
We will definately be returning.
|Make up of party: 27 of us, 8 couples and 11 children!
|Cottage Review:
We stayed here for a long weekend in Feb and had a fantastic time. The Barn was as it had been described and was well equipped to take a large mixed group of 8 adults and 9 children. There are great communal spaces including the kitchen diner and the lounge and I must say Simon (the owner) was absolutely great! Everything is there for you from linen, travel cots, baby-coms, mountain bikes, giant flat screen tv in lounge and much more. There are loads of things to do around fletchers combe from Woodlands Adventure park (6 miles) to the pretty seaside villages of Dartmouth and Salcombe. We had a leisurely drive down from Bristol which took us just under two hours. Will definitely return and recommend to others...
|Make up of party: Four families consisting of eight adults and nine children are range between 5 months to 7 years old.
|Cottage Review:
Another fantastic weekend for all the family, kids , grandkids, dogs . Perfect weather was the icing on the cake. Simon has thought of everything to make the stay really enjoyable. Beautifully clean, well equipped kitchen, plenty of bathrooms to save rows ! We shall be back [Added at Editor's discretion since it appears to be a helpful review and the reviewer has been authenticated]
|Make up of party: Family , grandparents, 3 children , 3 grandchildren and 3 dogs, joined by further family on the Sunday for a huge BBQ
|Cottage Review:
We had a lovely holiday here in late may for our parents ruby wedding anniversary.
The barn is very well equipped with good attention to detail and very comfortable. The kids loved the play barn, garden and treehouse and there were ample grounds to walk our dog over the surrounding fields and lanes.
Simon the owner was very attentive and stopped by to check we were ok.
Just one point to note for future guests. There are small flights of steps inside the property between the kitchen and lounge areas. My 90 year old grandmother coped ok but just be aware in case you have someone with mobility constraints.
Overall a lovely barn in a lovely location.
|Make up of party: 3 families and children and great grandmother. 1 labrador. 1 Yorkshire terrier. 1 jack Russell.
|Cottage Review:
We stayed here for my husbands 50th birthday for a weekend and had a wonderful time despite the weather's best attempts! The cottage is extremely well equipped with lots of extras and homely touches and Simon was extremely helpful if every way. We employed Sarah Pope to cook us a meal on Saturday evening at the house and she did an amazing job making it a very special evening. Would definitely recommend it to anyone.
|Make up of party: 14 adults and one small baby
|Cottage Review:
A really lovely property with beds for 14 people and 5 bathroom. Everything is provided incl linen, towels, loo roll and great extras such as soap, milk, wine, cake. Simon the owner was extremely helpful, lots to do at the property with games room & walks as well as lots to do in the surrounding area.
|Make up of party: Family party with 8 older adults, 5 younger adults & 1 child
|Cottage Review:
Our extended family of 14 returned to Fletchers Combe for a second time this Feb. We absolutely love it! Such a well equipped house, with great space and a great bathroom to bedroom ratio! Also really lovely extra touches, like wine and cake to great us; current issues of magazines; a full bookshelf; and shampoo etc in the bathrooms. We'll be back for sure!
|Make up of party: 4 couples and their 6 grown-up children
|Cottage Review:
Excellent very clean and well equipped. Beautiful barn. Simon was extremely helpful and pleasant. I would highly recommend this to anyone we had a brilliant weekend, children loved it. The games room with skittle alley was brilliant. There is not 1 thing I could fault here I am ready to book again. :-)
|Make up of party: 11 adults 6 children
|Cottage Review:
The barn is fantastic and provides a great place to get together with friends. It is so well equipped with every thing we needed and more. The owner is so friendly an helpful.
We have visited once before and will defiantly be visiting again.
|Make up of party: Couples
|Cottage Review:
Beautiful house with everything you could possibly want. There is plenty too keep everyone occupied even if the weather is poor!
|Make up of party: Family
|Cottage Review:
If you are looking for a rural, peaceful and well equipped cottage/barn in Devon, then look no further. After tackling very narrow country lanes you will find yourself in a very tranquil setting. Our extended family (11 of us, from 9mths+ to 59!) all enjoyed the comfortable accommodation and leave with some happy memories. First class facilities for all including baby monitor, stair gates and high chair. Loved the stream and garden and we had fantastic weather. The bikes were well used but some of the outdoor games areas could be updated a little (minor grumble only).
All in all, highly recommended. The property is old, but very well maintained.
|Make up of party: Family of 8 adults, 2 children and a baby.
|Cottage Review:
Property was beautiful and immaculate, facilities insite was great. Roads to barn were very narrow and difficult to navigate. One room in the house was a little too bright and noisy. Apart from some minor negitaves this holiday home was wonderful i would highly reccomend it
|Make up of party: 17 people 11 children6 adults
|Cottage Review:
Looking for a large property for a family celebration we were lucky enough to come across Fletchers Combe Barn. What a fabulous weekend we had staying in this exceptional property. Lovely rural setting, fantastic facilities, nothing was too much trouble.We especially enjoyed the upstairs light filled open plan living area and the south west facing terrace. Ideal to sit on and soak up the afternoon and evening sun.
|Make up of party: Four couples, three singles and a baby
|Cottage Review:
We have stayed at Fletchers Combe Barns 5 times now and cannot commend it highly enough. This stunning property not only has the wow factor but is incredibly comfortable and luxurious. The location is very rural (grass growing in the middle of the road!) and there are some lovely walks in the surrounding countryside. Despite the quiet location it is only 15 minutes from Totnes and only 30 from Dartmouth. We recommend doing the Round Robin which involves taking a ferry from Totnes to Dartmouth then a steam train to Paignton and an open top bus back to Totnes. Great way to spend a day.
|Make up of party: 3 couples and 3 singles
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IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER - PLEASE READ - All reviews are posted by third parties. As such they do not represent the views of My Cottage Holiday Limited nor should they be taken as a recommendation by My Cottage Holiday Limited of any property. ALL reviews are the opinions of other users and may not be accurate. They do not represent the views of MyCottageHoliday or its employees. We accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the information provided on the site. The reviews and property descriptions are provided by members of the public to help you choose a holiday cottage but you should personally check ALL details with the property owner or their agent before making a booking.
My Cottage Holiday Ltd, 33 Exeter Road, Braunton, Devon, EX33 2JP, Company No. 09974415,


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Kyrgyzstan is known for its great, unspoiled natural beauty. In this nomadic country only about 15% of the population use Internet. Often referred as "the Switzerland of Central Asia", this mountainous country offers many spectacular sights to explore. Great for trekking and camping!
Kyrgystan is really a destination that hasn't yet been spoiled by other travelers, though it has much to offer if you are looking for great scenery! Mountains cover over 80% of the country with numerous valleys, bright blue lakes and glaciers that create an Alpine-like beauty. The steep Kyrgyzstani mountains include five of the world's twelve tallest peaks.
The population is a rich mix of the Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Russian and over 30 other tribes and nationalities. This is an Islamic country, 75% of the population being Muslims, but for most Kyrgyzstanis Islam is more of a cultural background and not practiced daily. Kyrgyzstan offers great attractions for trekking and camping. You can also hire a local guide or a porter from many different tour companies in Bishkek and in various other big cities.
It is impossible to talk about Kyrgyzstan without mentioning some of their traditions that make them so proud to be who they are. The traditional sports reflect the importance of horse riding. The horse is said to be the dearest thing the Kyrgyz have. The most popular horse riding games include Kyz Kuumai (girl chasing, a kissing game in which a man chaces a girl for kissing her. If he isn't succesfull she can beat him with her horsewhip!), Oodarysh (two contestants trying to throw the other one from his horse) and Kok Boru (mounted riders wrestling one another for the corpse of a headless goat).
Maybe you will hear the komuz, an ancient fretless string instrument that gives Central Asian music its sound. The first ever komuz is believed to date back to 6000 BC!
Most popular traditional dishes include the Kyrgyztani plov, lagman and manti. Taste Kyrgyzstan's national alcoholic bevrage kumiz, which is essentially fermented mare's milk!
Bishkek is the capital and the biggest city of Kyrgyzstan. The clean city centre has a number of buildings built with typical soviet-style and oriental architecture. Bishkek has many monumental sights, Monument of Manas being the most famous. Here you can find some clubs and discos that are sufficient and open till late! Osh Osh is the second largest city of Kyrgyzstan and was part of the Silk Road for centuries. The bazaar of the city is told to be older than Rome. Southern Osh is one of the most popular camping areas in Kyrgyzstan.
Interesting sights
Ice blue lake Issyk-Köl is the second largest mountain lake in the world after lake Titicaca in Peru. Admire its beauty with surrounding mountains and glaciers.
Horse riding, trekking and camping
Horse treks are also something interesting to experience. You can never underestimate the importance of horse riding in Kyrgyzstan! You can ride or trek in some of the numerous ranges. Explore the summer pastures and get fit getting up the high mountains! Those interested in trekking can head to Altyn Arashan. Itis an area of marvelous natural beauty for great trekking. When you need a break try one of its hot pools. Lake Song-Köl in the centre of the country is an ideal spot for camping. You will find many summer pastures here and probably you will get to know hospitable herders and local people who bring their animals, horses and cattle here in summer. See the traditional yurts!
It depends where in Kyrgyzstan you are; the country's climate varies from subtropical to polar! South-Western valleys reach the temperature of 40°C in the summer, where as the weather in the northern hills stay temperate. In winter the coldest regions go sub zero with the Siberian winds and it snows even in the desert areas! The average winter minimum is -24ºC! The best time to visit is July to September. Avalanche danger is greatest during March and April and from September to mid-October.
Due to Kyrgyzstan's mountainous land area, roads go through steep valleys where mud slides and snow avalanches do occur. It is almost impossible to travel in high-altitude regions during winter. Railway lines are intersected by international boundaries and it can take time to pass through border formalities. Horses are used, especially in the rural areas and by riding you can get to locations where cars cannot.


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I don't mean true rocker for a ski like the Eon- I mean something more like Ficher's "Nordic rocker" (which I think is brilliant BTW).
I thought the S-Bound "Nordic rocker" was just a marketing name for what happens when you weight the ski into an arc, not any kind of a true rocker in the tip. Am I wrong about that?


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Sample story with learning activities -
hiSTORY 2
MIGRATION EXPERIENCES (1945- present):
The immigrant's love song
(the story)
STORY and activities copyright of Stephen J Kimber
He had long, long fingers; suited, I decided, to playing classical piano. They danced a little nervously across his forehead, playing with a long curling tendril…
Bah, what was I thinking… Get a grip, Rani Silva. It's Tuesday 10:15 a.m. and you're in a modern history tutorial supposedly learning about how changes to migration policies in Australia affected our national psyche, not ogling some cute young man who is here delivering a talk.
Maddi, my best friend, was grinning at me. She knew me too well and had caught me regarding our tute guest, not listening to a word he was saying.
'Sprung,' she whispered.
'Shut up. I'm trying to listen.'
'… part of the Colombo Plan, which kicked off, as you already know, about 1951.'
He looked nervous. Why not, I figured, with 13 females and just two other males watching him. We all wanted to be history teachers and we all knew just how embarrassed we'd be feeling if roles were reversed.
He cleared his throat… the silence drew out. Go on, go on, all the girls were silently begging him (after all, he was damned cute) while our resident males looked critical…
'Look,' he finally said, 'I don't want to tell you the history stuff you can all Google anyway. That's not why I'm here... I'm here to tell you a love story that begins in 1952, just after the Colombo Plan started. I'm here to show you how migration — and that love story — has affected this country… In fact, I'm here BECAUSE of that love story…'
The coffee house, Victor Amaradeva decided, had been modelled on American diners, like the ones he'd seen in American movies back in Colombo. Victor held his breath, paused in the doorway, looked around to see he was not stopping anyone else getting in, and just took it all in. Nat King Cole sang a song he did not recognise from the juke box… Burgers and 'fries' were being carried on trays, and milk shakes in shiny new aluminium 'glasses' were being drunk through straws. Yessiree, just like the good ol' US of A, Victor said in his best US accented English in his head. But the voices he heard in the babble all around him, inside, were not American voices.
In a booth near the back, Ivy Foxleigh admired the trim young man, who stood – apparently with baited breath waiting for something, what she did not know – in the doorway. His long thin artist's fingers danced all unconscious across his forehead, tidying a wayward tendril, then, smiling, he advanced inside. He took a seat in the one unoccupied booth near where Ivy sat with her two friends, smiled at no-one in particular and then looked… lonely.
Where were his friends, Ivy wondered? He'd have friends, she decided; he looked friendly. And a young man who was so so so obviously not from here needed friends with him… The voices in the café had dropped – just a little – as the crowd took him in. Yes, Ivy thought, he looked lonely and a long way from home.
She stood, suddenly, and told Mary and Elizabeth that she – and they – were going over to sit with that nice new young man who'd just walked in (oh yes, she knew they'd also been watching) and introduce themselves and make him feel a good old University of Melbourne welcome. Without waiting for a response, Ivy moved. She knew they'd follow. Like her, both were as curious as cats; anything new was good for them all.
Victor wondered whether it was the custom here to go to the counter and order or were those girls whizzing about on roller skates (yes, skates, J) taking orders? And suddenly a vision appeared (so Victor would later tell his son, Sunil; a.k.a. Sonny): all blonde hair and cornflower blue eyes and willowy figure and a big radiant smile. And, oh yes, there were two other girls with her.
Of all the students in his electrical engineering course, and not, as he wrote to his mother and father back home, just the foreign Colombo Plan students, he had topped the year… And some of that –he knew – was because Ivy had helped him; his English had not been up to the text books at first, but she was a brilliant writer doing English lit at university. Brill' was the way she said brilliant; Victor smiled, but he did not write of Ivy and her brill' English in his letter. What he did write was that Australia was glorious and the people friendly, and he had made friends with a boy named Jock and another one named Angus (photo included of him with them both, and wasn't it funny how many Australians had Scottish names). By the way Angus's parents owned a huge sheep and wheat property out near the Murray River…
Victor told his mother and father not to worry about him; all the things they had warned him about with Australia and its whites only policies had not come true. He did not mention the young whip-thin man at the local pub who'd spat at him and called him nigger – and nearly hit Ivy when she took to him with her brollie[1] – and he did not mention Ivy. He knew his parents had arranged a match for him at home (where he would come with his degree in order to make Ceylon[2] better than it was, more modern) and he did not tell them his heart was here, in a foreign land that officially welcomed only whites.
'But it's changing,' he told Sunil Avarata and Francis da Silva, his two main Sri Lankan friends. 'It's changing.'
'Mother,' Victor wrote, 'I have a picture in my head, which I will tell you about. I see you in the courtyard, sitting on the bench beneath the trimmed red bougainvillea, with this letter in your hand. You have a cup of tea in the Wedgewood you love. You have a sandwich; cheese with a little pickled mango achar on it on the matching Wedgwood plate.
Have I got it right, mother? I hope so, for I have something of great import to tell you...
I wish to marry, here, in Australia. And yes, she is an Australian girl… Before you cry out and drop your cup, mother, let me say that I love her more than life and yes, even more than home. And yes, I know I have probably broken your heart and ruined father's plans, but this must be mother, so please give me your blessing, please… I know you, mother, you have a good heart and you want what is best for all your children. This is for my best…'
Victor held his pen and wondered if this letter would do it. He wanted his mother's blessing, he wanted it. But he wanted Ivy more, he knew.
'If I don't get your blessing, mother and father, I will go ahead anyway,' he told the unfinished letter. 'I have money, I have an offer of a job from Jock's father when I finish my degree… I have a life here… But give me your blessing,' he said.
What can I tell you, he thought? His eyes lit on The Age, the very paper that had finally prompted this letter, a letter which Ivy had been telling him he needed to write for weeks now. They were sailing in less than three weeks – the letter would only just beat him there.
He sucked up more ink with his fountain pen, paused and then wrote.
'I know that you have heard bad things of some of what has happened here. To Ceylonese students. And yes, I will admit that I have suffered one or two insults. Yes, Australians can be racist, but can we also not be racist. Have I not heard diatribes at Tamils at home? Has not father railed at our own petty jealousies and hatreds?
I have had insults, yes, but no injuries. No real harm has been done to me or any of my Ceylonese friends. That in part is because I – we – also have the love of many Australians. I have a very, very good job offer from Jock Inglis's father. I have been doing work already for him, for which he has paid me the going rate. I have the respect of my fellow workers… Australia is changing. It is growing up. I want to be a part of that. I want to help it grow.
Listen to this; it is a letter written in to the main paper in Melbourne, The Age. She is a lady who is boarding two of my Ceylonese friends; you know them because I have written of them before: Sunil Avarata and Francis da Silva. Here is some of what her letter said: "Our contact with these young men proves to us that they are normal, natural boys from good homes. They have [a] distinct personality, are generally of excellent character, good intelligence, fine sensibilities and very likeable ... We find that to know these students better is to regret very much that we are debarred by our own immigration law from having them as our real next-door neighbour…[3]"
Do you see mother, do you see. This is meant to be and Ivy, whom I love, well, you will love her too.
I am bringing her to see you, before we marry. Her parents, Marjorie and Ivan Foxleigh, they are in favour of this marriage. They are paying for us to sail back home and you will meet her. You will love her too, mother, I know…'
'Well, I'm here,' said our tute speaker, finger idly playing with a wayward tendril of hair (a message across time) 'so you can see that approvals were given and that the marriage went ahead. And yes, they did make Australia a better place. For instance, I, Sunil Wilkes (Sonny 2 to my Dad and Grandpa) has been given the opportunity to do medicine at this fine university and also to talk to you… And you're listening. I'm not too certain that would have been the case back in 1952 for my Grandpa.'
I leaned over to Maddi and said, 'let's take a leaf out of Ivy's book.'
'Let's ask him for coffee at the rec.'
Maddi smiled. 'Go ahead… make my day.' She winked. 'And yours.'
The immigrant's love song
History knowledge and understanding:
The impact of changing government policies on Australia's migration patterns, including abolition of the White Australia Policy, 'Populate or Perish' (ACDSEH145)
The contribution of migration to Australia's changing identity as a nation and to its international relationships (ACDSEH147)
The setting:
Fears of Asian migration once existed in Australia
"Mongolian octopus" by May, Phillip (1886) - dictionary of sydney. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mongolian_octopus.png#/media/File:Mongolian_octopus.png
The writer sets the story in 2014 but the main action occurs between 1952 and 1954. Is there any real 'history' in the story?
Based on evidence in the story, what do you think the Colombo plan was?
The 2014 setting of the story has Rani Silva and her friend Maddi in a tutorial learning something – what are they supposed to be learning about?
Describe how you imagine Victor's life in Australia between 1952 and 1954. What is good about it and what is bad?
How do you feel the story supports the idea that Australia was a different place when the White Australia policy had dominated immigration for many decades, compared with our modern Australia?
Beliefs and Values of the times
Why does the whip thin man in the pub spit on Victor?
Many people argue that Australia was an entirely racist country back in the 1950s and 1960s. Does this story support that idea? Explain.
With exception of Victor and his two named Sri Lankan (Ceylonese) friends, all the other 1950s characters have very anglicised surnames – what does that reveal of Australia's migration policies up until that time..
The story suggests that Victor's Sri Lankan parents are friends of British culture – how?
Material Circumstances of the times
In a material sense (i.e. levels of technology, availability of food, transport and communication) how is the 1950s world of this story and your current everyday world similar? How is it different?
History skills:
Historical questions and research
Identify and select different kinds of questions about the past to inform historical inquiry (ACHHS184)
Evaluate and enhance these questions (ACHHS185)
Identify and locate relevant sources, using ICT and other methods (ACHHS186)
The research process
How did the writer research this story and what prior knowledge did he bring to the writing? The writer, who is a child of British immigrant parents (a very common story in Australia) had strong background knowledge of migrant tales and personal knowledge of the racism that was systemic because of white Australia mind sets – particularly in the 1960s through to the late 1990s, with the upwelling of support (and condemnation of) the One Nation party. But the writer lacked knowledge of the scope and impacts of the Colombo Plan on Australia.
Research how the original Colombo Plan came about?
If Australia still had the 'White Australia policy' in force in the 1950s (as it did to a degree) why might it have been that the country was accepting non-white students into Australian universities.
Given the idea that 'migration [contributed] to Australia's changing identity as a nation and to its international relationships' after World War II (WWII) what questions would you ask to further enhance and refine the idea that the Colombo Plan helped influence migration into Australia? Write a major question and then at least two to three sub questions.
The writer did most of his research on line; would 'Colombo Plan and Australian attitudes' be a good search string to begin with? Why or why not?
How could this search string be improved?
What the writer made up
All of the characters are fictional. The story mostly occupies an imagined 1950s. The song playing on the juke box, when Victor walks into the café, is by Nat King Cole, who did have a major hit in 1951, the year before Victor does so. US culture was also certainly making a huge impact on Australia after WWII, so the imagined diner experience is perhaps accurate of the times.
Where did the writer get his information (bibliography)
National Archives of Australia, Colombo Plan – Student experiences, WATEN, Judah, volume 6, 1962, NAA: A6119, 817, http://www.aa.gov.au/cgi-bin/Search?O=I&Number=12123571
National Museum of Australia, 2003-2013, Harvest of endurance; the Colombo Plan, http://www.nma.gov.au/collections/collection_interactives/endurance_scroll/harvest_of_endurance_html_version/explore_the_scroll/colombo_plan
Top 30 Songs of 1951 - Billboard Year End Charts, 2001 - 2015, http://www.bobborst.com/popculture/top-100-songs-of-the-year/?year=1951
Wikipedia, 2015, Colombo Plan – History, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombo_Plan#History
Wikipedia, 2015, Sinhalese people, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_people
Wikipedia, 2015, Sri Lanka, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka
[1] Slang word for an umbrella
[2] Ceylon was the colonial name for the modern country of Sri Lanka when under British rule.
[3] This text is from an actual letter written in The Age in 1954.


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In April, Representative Hansen Clarke discussed his plan to ease student loan debt with students from a Detroit classroom.
H.R. 4170 would forgive student loan debt for those who have paid 10 percent of their discretionary income toward their loans for 10 years and would cap interest on federal student loans at the current rate of 3.4 percent. Also, individuals who go into teaching, public service or practice medicine in under served areas would have their debt forgiven after only five years.
National student loan debt is a staggering $1 trillion. Nationwide, people over 60 years-of-age owe about $36 million in student loans.
Representative Clark stated that he had witnessed people still paying off this debt with their social security checks, and that was one item that motivated him to propose the bill.
Clarke's bill, which currently has five other sponsors, is aimed at helping current and future student borrowers. If the bill passes, those who take out student loans could see their debt forgiven up to $45,520, which is equal to the average cost of a four year degree at a public university.
Before 1998, student loan debts seven years or older, could be forgiven in a bankruptcy just like credit card debt or an unsecured personal loan. Then Congress passed a law that made it impossible for a student loan to be forgiven except in very rare cases. If a loan isn't paid, wages, taxes, bank accounts and even Social Security benefits can be garnished.
Clarke encouraged students to get their peers involved and tell lawmakers their stories. An online petition of the bill has nearly 500,00 signatures.
"You really can't have freedom when you're eyeballs deep in debt," Clarke said. "I intend (this bill) to be a call of action."
Read the original article here.