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"How do I become enlightened?" asked the Seeker of his aged guru — a nut-brown, gnarled and wizened personage of indeterminate gender.
Sitting in padmasana on a large boulder on top of a high mountain, at first the Gnarly One treated the question with the stupefied silence it deserved. But the Seeker persisted, much to the Guru's disgust and annoyance. Still the Nut-brown made no answer.
Still the Seeker persisted, until the Guru's patience and forbearance evaporated, and ze quoth unto the Seeker, saying "if you want to know how to become enlightened, leave now, and address your question to each of the next five people you meet, from this moment on, henceforth to be precise."
Dissatisfied and mumbling imprecations under his breath, the Seeker took leave of the Guru and made his stumbling way down the mountain.
At the foot of the mountain, he set his feet toward the dwelling place of his aged parents. On his way he came across an old woman sitting in the shade of a cinnabar tree.
"How do I become enlightened?" the Seeker asked, without even so much as a how-do-you-do.
"Get lost asshole!" replied the old woman. Which is what the Seeker proceeded to do — he chose a path along which he had never previously travelled, and after some time wandering through the foothills, became absolutely, totally, horribly lost.
The next person he met was a short and rather chubby man, with a twinkle in his eye and mischief in his heart. The twinkling man was sitting on a blanket in the middle of which was a large picnic basket. Behind the twinkler was a fork in the road and a signpost with two signs posted.
On the sinister sign, pointing to the left was the message: "Certain Death: 1 mile. Don't go there."
On the sign pointing dextrously to the right was the message, "Enlightenment: 1 mile. Welcome all."
The Seeker's spirits soared. At last, he was getting close to his goal. Just one more mile.
But then, a gust of wind caught the signs and they swivelled treacherously upon the signpost. When the wind subsided the signs were no longer pointing in the same direction they had before.
The Seeker was dismayed. Clearly the signs could not be relied upon in that wild and windy place. Blustery even.
"How do I become enlightened?" asked the Seeker of the chubby man. "Which way do I take to reach Nirvana?"
"I don't answer questions," replied the chubby man, Theosoph, a professional metaphysicist, "unless I get paid. It's 10 sponduleks for yes/no answers, 100 for answers to open-ended questions."
"But I have no money," wailed the Seeker, "I have renounced the material world and rely on the Universe to meet my needs!"
"Well perhaps the Universe will answer your questions," said Theosoph, but then seeing the Seeker's upper lip begin to quiver, took pity on the poor lad, and continued in a gentler vein.
"Tell you what I'll do. I'll make a statement that does not respond directly to your question, and hence cannot be considered an answer.
"You can never become enlightened; for one thing, you're just too rude. For another, becoming becomes you not. So, if you were to become enlightened, or become anything for that matter, then you would not be you, because you are unenlightened. You cannot not be you, so therefore you can never be enlightened.
"Oh, don't look so cross and evilly at me through your gritty little Seeker eyes. Why not stay and have some lunch," Theosoph indicated the picnic basket, "my family will be along shortly and they would love to eat you. And before they do you can ask them your question."
The Seeker accepted the invitation and sat himself down on the blanket. Theosoph began unpacking the picnic basket. An unpleasant odour of charred meat wafted into the Seeker's nostrils. A short while later, two people came walking up the path, arm in arm: a teenage boy wearing a surly expression, and a pretty little woman in a pink blouse.
"Aha, finally," said Theosoph, "Let me introduce my dear wife, Darla, the lamp of my life with a perfectly sodden wick, and my son, Ragnarok, a cruel and disturbing lad of whom little is said and much is whispered. One of them will answer your question. But be careful: one is an inveterate liar. And the other always tells the truth.
"I can't tell you who the truth-teller is because the liar would get very angry with me. Besides, as I mentioned before, there's the small matter of my professional fees.
"And one last thing: I'm hungry, and this picnic won't eat itself you know. So you get just one question, before lunch. Just one. And afterwards we shall see what we shall see."
The Seeker wracked his brains. He could only ask one question, so he had to make it a good one. And he could only ask it once, of either Darla or Ragnarok, one of whom was a liar.
After a while, his eyes lit up, and a gritty little smile crossed his face. Indicating the sinister way, the Seeker addressed his question to Ragnarok. "If I were to ask your mother if this way on my left is the way to enlightenment, what would she say?"
"Oh very good!" said Theosoph cheerily, clapping his pudgy little hands together.
Ragnarok thought for a short while, then grunted his reply, a nasty smirk on his lying lips: "She would say "No!"
"Well then," said the Seeker, "that is the way I will go, for two wrongs do make a right sometimes!"
And off he went, prancing and dancing with spring in his step, a song in his heart, and a painful bunion on his big toe.
Not forty seconds after leaving Theosoph and his family to enjoy their picnic, the Seeker encountered the Gnarly One on zer way to the village to buy some brown rice.
"Not you again," the Guru said crossly.
"Mastress!" exclaimed the Seeker. "You are the fifth person I have met today. How do I become enlightened?"
"Get back up that frackin' mountain and wash my spare loincloth, fool!" replied the Guru, a look of resignation upon zer creased and marbled wagyu-face.
eBooks by Cosmic Rapture
(for kindle, tablet, smartphone or e-reader.)
NIGHTMERRIES: THE LIGHTER SIDE OF DARKNESS. This so-called "book" will chew you up, spit you out, and leave you twitching and frothing on the carpet. More than 60 dark and feculent fictions (read 'em and weep) copiously and grotesquely illustrated.AWAREWOLF & OTHER CRHYMES AGAINST HUMANITY (Vot could be Verse?). We all hate poetry, right? But we might make an exception for this sick and twisted stuff. This devil's banquet of adults-only offal features more than 50 satanic sonnets, vitriolic verses and odious odes. MANIC MEMES & OTHER MINDSPACE INVADERS. A disturbing repository of quirky quotes, sayings, proverbs, maxims, ponderances, adages and aphorisms. This menagerie holds no fewer than 184 memes from eight meme-species perfectly adapted to their respective environments.MASTRESS & OTHER TWISTED TAILS. An unholy corpus of oddities, strangelings, bizarritudes and peculiaritisms, including but not limited to barbaric episodes of herring-flinging and kipper-kissing. A cacklingly bizarre read that may induce fatal hysteria. Not Recommended! FIENDS & FREAKS and serpents, dragons, devils, lobsters, anguished spirits, hungry ghosts, hell-beings, zombies, organ-grinders, anti-gods, gods and other horse-thieves you wouldn't want to meet in a dark cosmos. Immature Content! Adults Maybe.HAGS TO HAGGIS. An obnoxious folio featuring a puke of whiskey-soaked war-nags, witches, maniacs, manticores and escapegoats. Not to mention (please don't!) debottlenecking and desilofication, illustrated. Take your brain for a walk on the wild side. Leave your guts behind.


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Fault findingWe can find and repair your electrical fault today.
Fault with your home or business's electrics? Our expert electricians can diagnose all manner of electrical faults and can advise you on the right solution to repair your electrics. Even if parts are required, we can usually get your electrics fixed the very same day. Call us now!
- Competitive rates.
- Emergency services.
- Certified engineers.
All electrical faults covered
We cover all manner of electrical faults, including electric socket problems, flickering lighting, wiring faults and issues with fuse boxes and consumer units. We can also repair and upgrade more complex cabling, fusing and wiring for many appliances such as boilers, showers, electric ovens and electric water heaters. Call us now and let us mend that electrical fault today.
Is your fuse board tripping for no apparent reason?
9 times out of 10, a tripping fuse board is doing its job correctly – protecting you from potentially dangerous electrical faults in your home. If your fuse board is tripping often, this could indicate an electrical problem, such as inadequate wiring or a faulty appliance. Our fully insured expert electricians can inspect your electrics and advise you on exactly what's causing the fuse board to trip. We can also increase the electrical capacity of your fuse board to support additional appliances such as showers, boilers and cookers. Call us now!
Quality and peace of mind
Our friendly and professional electricians are fully qualified, fully insured and pride themselves on the high quality of their work. They guide you the work they're carry out, discuss any electrical repair or installation options in full and always tidy up after themselves. Furthermore, all parts and labour come with a full guarantee for your complete peace of mind.
Serving the whole of the East London area
Our East London based electrical fault finding experts can be at your home, business or tenanted property at a moment's notice, carrying out your electrical assessment quickly and effectively. Give us a call now on 020 8185 0760 to arrange a visit. We can usually be at your home within a couple of hours – alternatively, we can arrange a convenient appointment and organise the fault finding visit around you and your existing plans.
Commercial and tenanted properties
We also carry out fault finding at commercial properties, such as shops, restaurants, pubs, sports clubs, workshops and offices, to name just a few. Are you a landlord who needs an electrical fault assessment at your tenanted property? Leave all the hassle and organisation to us; we can book your engineer, liaise with your tenants and take care of everything for you today. Call now on 020 8185 0760.
Guaranteed trustworthy service for your peace of mind
Request A Callback

subset: commoncrawl


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Sammy Hotel Dalat 4 stars
Sammy Dalat Hotel is a 4 star hotel uniquely designed in French and Vietnamese traditional style. Besides its style and grandeur, the hotel boasts comfortable rooms and suites. Both corporate and leisure tourists can enjoy their stay at Sammy
Hoang Anh Dalat Resort 4stars The Hoang Anh Dalat Resort is sited in the central part of Dalat city, close to Xuan Huong Lake.Numerous natural attractions for exciting outdoor activities are close by. Villas are well designed in a Thai style and equipped with modern amenities.
Empress Hotel Dalat 3 starsThe boutique Empress Hotel Dalat is situated on a hillside overlooking Xuan Huong Lake, close to the city centre, opposite Dalat Tower and the Palace. .
Golf 3 Hotel Da Lat 3starThe Golf 3 Hotel, Dalat is situated downtown only footsteps from the market. The golf course is an easy stroll away. The hotel takes pride in its high standards and attention to detail.
Novotel Dalat Hotel 4starThe Novotel Dalat Hotel is in the heart of Dalat, near the lovely Xuan Huong Lake and the Sofitel Palace Hotel. It is within easy reach of the shops, markets and Dalat Palace Golf Club.
Sofitel Palace Hotel Dalat 5 starsThe Sofitel Palace Hotel, Dalat is surrounded by sweeping lawns, sited along the picturesque Xuan Huong Lake.
Ana Mandara Villas Dalat 4 starThe Ana Mandara Villas Dalat, consists of charmingly, restored, French colonial villas, which are nestled in 35 acres of parkland, in the rural highlands of Dalat.
Hoang Anh Dalat Resort 4stars
Empress Hotel Dalat 3 stars
Golf 3 Hotel Da Lat 3star
Novotel Dalat Hotel 4star
Sofitel Palace Hotel Dalat 5 stars
Ana Mandara Villas Dalat 4 star


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Do you know what SearchVoyage.com is?
Users usually encounter SearchVoyage.com (search.searchvoyage.com) when they install the extension called Search Voyage from its official website or the Chrome Web Store. People who install this piece of software willingly usually do that because the extension is quite appealing, for example, it is said that users will be able to customize their New Tab pages after installing it. Unfortunately, what they do not know when they install this software is that it is going to change the settings of Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome browsers. Of course, some users install the Search Voyage extension unwillingly, so they do not know anything about it, and they are not even asked whether they agree with the changes or not. You should definitely delete the Search Voyage extension if you do not like something about it or simply want to make sure that nothing bad happens to your system.
Let us talk about the changes the Search Voyage extension applies. First of all, we are sure that you will notice that your default search engine, homepage, and New Tab page settings have been replaced by SearchVoyage.com, which is the search engine promoted by the extension. It does not look bad at all, and it even shows the weather forecast and current data and time. Even though it looks quite good, the truth is that it cannot be fully trusted. Yes, this search engine will redirect searches to search.yahoo.com; however, these search results will be modified, i.e. there will be sponsored links inserted among the legitimate search results. Of course, it does not mean that Yahoo! is a bad search provider; the owners of the Search Voyage extension simply modify it for their own purposes. It is better not to use search engines that display the modified search results because they might promote third-party websites and you might end up on one of them rather willingly. You can say that you will not click on bad search results, but you should know that it is not enough to do that because it is extremely hard to recognize them. Last but not least, we do not suggest trusting this search engine fully also because it is known that this search provider will gather all kinds of details every day.SearchVoyage.com screenshot
Scroll down for full removal instructions
Specialists have revealed that the Search Voyage extension is the most prevalent in the USA; however, the situation might change quickly in the future because this extension can be easily downloaded from the web (it is available for download from two different sources). Do not forget that it might sneak onto your PC in bundles with other applications, i.e. enter your PC without your consent as well. Other threats might act the same as well, which means that you need to take care of your system's safety. If you wonder how to do that, you should know that you simply need to install security software and try to be more careful and observant on the web. Our security specialists also highly recommend that you do not download freeware from file-sharing websites because you might get additional threats. Yes, the majority of threats travel bundled with other programs these days.
SearchVoyage.com will not replace your homepage, search engine, and set itself on the New Tab page without the extensions, which means that you need to find extensions for Mozilla Firefox and Google Chrome and then delete them from the system completely. If it is your first time, you should use our instructions because it is not so easy to remove add-ons. Completely inexperienced users or those who do not have time can also take care of Search Voyage with the help of an automatic tool. It will be enough to scan the system once if you use the SpyHunter antimalware suite.
Delete SearchVoyage.com
Mozilla Firefox
- Open your browser.
- Tap Ctrl+Shift+A.
- Select Extensions.
- Find and remove the undesirable extension.
- Remove it.
Google Chrome
- Open your browser and tap Alt+F.
- Select More Tools and click Extensions.
- Click on the extension you wish to remove.
- Click on the recycle bin icon.
- Click Remove.
In non-techie terms:
If you suspect that the Search Voyage extension has been installed on your PC without permission, there is a huge possibility that other undesirable programs have been installed alongside. Some of these programs are not only annoying, but might also cause harm to your computer, so keeping them installed is a sin. If you do not have time to take care of these threats yourself, use an automatic tool.


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There is more inside you than you possibly know;
deep inside you lies hope waiting to be found,
treasures waiting to be discovered,
and a heart waiting to grow into something beautiful.
Possibility for a new day floats around us always.
Each day comes with its loveliness,
having the ability to lift us up higher than the stars.
If you ever want to find a miracle, look in the mirror;
everything about you is miraculous;
know the miracle that is you and do good with it.
Have inspiration and be inspiration,
even on the cloudy days.
Never stop soaring to new places.
Never stop believing you can soar.
And let love be the light at the end of the tunnel.


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Ridgedale Postal Codes
Ridgedale city is located in Saskatchewan, Canada
You can search for the Ridgedale SK postal codes by its streets and block numbers
Ridgedale Area Code is 306 and Time Zone is Central (GMT -06:00).
Ridgedale Postal Code - Saskatchewan
Ridgedale Postal Code is a six-character string that forms part of a postal address in Canada. Like British and Dutch postcodes, Ridgedale - SK postal codes are alphanumeric.
The first three characters (alpha-numeric-alpha) of the postal code which represent a geographic area in Ridgedale.
The last three characters denote a Ridgedale local delivery unit (LDU). An LDU denotes a specific single Ridgedale address or range of addresses, which can correspond to an entire small town, a significant part of a medium-sized town, a single side of a city block in larger cities, a single large building or a portion of a very large one, a single (large) institution in Ridgedale, Saskatchewan, such as a university or a hospital, or a business that receives large volumes of mail on a regular basis
If you want to send a mail to Ridgedale City, you should use the corresponding Postal Code.


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How to increase Website traffic with twitter?
Reports suggest that Social networks have taken over email in terms of popularity. If you're looking to increase traffic to your websites or even your brands, Twitter is the number one investment to make. Twitter can also serve as a great channel for customer service and help businesses better manage their online reputations in real time.
- Twitter gives you 160 characters in your profile so you can write a brief Bio.
- Twitter background is a free real estate, it can help to build your small businesses image and highlight your brand.
- An effective way to get people to follow you is to start following them first. A number of twitterers have their accounts setup to follow all the followers, so when you follow them they will automatically follow you back.
- Be sincere in your interactions on Twitter, you will slowly gain a following. You should be helpful, useful and friendly member of the twitter community.
- Link to quality resources and people will surely look at you as an authority on your business niche.
- The more engaging and enjoyable you are to be around on Twitter itself the more likely those you visit with there will venture over to your website to consume even more of your thoughts and opinions.
- Twitter Search is a valuable tool for any small business owner who wants to increase traffic. Searching for relevant keyword terms related to your business niche, and finding traffic for your blog, is made much easier with this tool.
- Find out who the thought leaders and influencers are in your business niche and connect with them on Twitter. Partnerships with people in your industry, can send a tremendous amount of targeted visitors to your Website.
- Generate interest and strong and positive impression by treating your tweets as your article headline. You should work hard to make each tweet interesting and worth reading to your target audience.
- Do not try to follow everybody that follows you. Be selective of who you follow and work within your established niche, interests and hobbies.
- A hashtag is a way to make your tweets clickable and easily searchable. So, let's say I tweet about Lady Gaga. At the end of my tweet I would add #Gaga.
- Ask questions. Once you have updated your blog why not cruise on over to Twitter and ask your virtual friends and colleagues what they think about the subject.


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Fifth Harmony fans please take note of the date April 5, 2017 as the popular pop and R&B girl group will be coming to Manila to stage their concert "The 7/27 Tour" at the SM Mall of Asia Arena.
The Asian leg of their concert was announced yesterday January 16 and inspired from their platinum selling album "7/27." Thank you to MMI Live for bringing Ally Brooke, Normani Kordei, Dinah Jane, and Lauren Jauregui to the Philippines.
An X Factor US finalist way back in 2012, the all girl group was composed of five members but Camilla Cabello left the band already in December 2016 as she goes solo. It was quite disappointing that we won't see her in their concert but I guess it will be filled up by the experience that they uniquely give to their audience.
MMI Live has released the ticket prices as below and will start selling on Janaury 24 at 10am.
Fifth Harmony's latest single "That's My Girl" that was released three months ago has 94M views in its YouTube channel already. The group's hits include "Worth It" "Miss Movin' On," "Boss," "Sledgehammer," "I'm In Love With A Monster," "Work From Home," among others.


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It's All About the Genes and the Brain Machines
In 2012, genomics tiptoed into the doctor's office, gene therapy rose again, and man and machine united.
By Susan Young
Discover one of our 28 local entrepreneurial communities »
Be the first to know as we launch in new countries and markets around the globe.
Interested in bringing MIT Technology Review to your local market?
Why: New sequencing projects that the company announced in 2011 include one aimed at predicting preterm births and another that will sequence cancer genomes.
Key innovation: A computational platform allows it to assemble DNA sequences into genomes more accurately.
Headquarters: Mountain View, California
Founded: 2005
Employees: 248
Revenues: $16.9 million
R&D: $24.4 million
Market Capitalization: $132 million
Last updated: 03/01/2012
Please let us know if you have updates for this company profile.


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The Council determines service levels and revenue obligations through the adoption of an annual budget, authorizes city contracts and expenditures, establishes city service and operating policies, and enacts local laws as necessary for the benefit of the community.
The regular Council meetings are held on the 2nd and 4th Wednesday of the month at 7:30 p.m. in the Council Chamber, 6530 W. 79th Street, 2nd floor. All City Council meetings are open to the public. Notice of the meetings and agenda items are provided to the local media at least 72 hours in advance and posted at City Hall. At times, the Council may have a closed session for discussing specific items concerning personnel, litigation or property matters.


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Drachm of Alexandria with bust of Antoninus Pius
Roman Provincial
Imperial Period
Mint: Egypt, Alexandria
Diameter: 32.5 mm. Weight: 19.40 gm. Die Axis: 11
Accession Number
Medium or Technique
Not On View
Obverse: Laureate bust of Antoninus Pius to right, draped left shoulder (?).
Inscription in Greek.
Reverse: Hermanubis standing right, palm in left hand, caduceus in right, jackal at left.
Year 22 = AD 158/159.
Inscription in Greek.
By date unknown: Mrs. Godfrey Peckitt Collection (one of 302 Alexandrian coins [1985.1028–1985.1329] acquired by Godfrey Peckitt in Egypt prior to World War II); date unknown: inherited from Mrs.Godfrey Peckitt by Mrs. Perry T. Rathbone; July 11, 1969: purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius C. Vermeule III from Mrs. Perry T. Rathbone; gift of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius C. Vermeule III to MFA, November 27, 1985
Credit Line
Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius C. Vermeule, III in the name of Cornelius Adrian Comstock Vermeule


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February 1, 2017 | Posted by Stephanie Banyas
When it comes to chocolate...every day is Valentine's Day for me. My day begins and pretty much ends with eating chocolate and lots of it. I love chocolate (obviously), I always have. I come from a chocolate-loving family. I like cheap chocolate and I like expensive chocolate; I try not to discriminate. So how could this so-called chocolate lover who has given and received chocolate for Valentine's Day for more years than I care to remember, not know how the tradition of giving chocolate actually began? I have to admit that it never even occurred to me to ask, I was too busy eating…chocolate, of course. If you want to know the answer, just click here. Otherwise, check in for the next 14 days to see some of our favorite chocolates from around the country that you might want to order for your love this Valentine's Day. Or, if you are feeling adventurous and want to give him or her something a bit more DIY, print out one of the easy chocolate recipes that The B-Team has created just for you. Happy Valentine's Day!!!


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Marataba Safari Lodge
Marakele National Park, Waterberg Mountains, Limpopo Province
Contrasting mountain landscapes, grass-clad hills and deep valleys characterise the Marakele National Park. It is home to an impressive variety of wildlife, with all the large game species from elephant and rhino to the big cats, as well as an amazing variety of birds including the largest colony of endangered Cape vultures in the world.
Marataba Safari Lodge is a simple extension of the natural environment beyond its walls - rich, bold, organic and patently magnificent. If you sit quietly for long enough, you can feel the energy of the countless people who have made this place home since The Stone Age.
Marataba Safari Lodge at a Glance
Children at Marataba Safari Lodge
Children six years and older are welcome at Marataba Safari Lodge.
Babysitting is available at an extra cost.
The Walking Trails
Marataba is blessed with a great diversity of eco-systems and landscapes. The trails make use of different areas of the reserve, ensuring a variety of experiences. Guides will assess each of the individual guests, and will match trails to suit fitness levels and walkers' personal preferences.
Distance and Travel Time
Oliver Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg to Marataba - 4 hours/310 kms
Madikwe Safari Lodge to Marataba - 2h 30min/190 kms
Sun City to Marataba - 2h30min/164 km


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A neighbouring council has recommended that the controversial Florida Farm development should get the go-ahead.
Despite Wigan Council's view of the plans, the final decision still rests with St Helens Council.
They will no doubt give more weight to the protests by residents in Haydock who have launched a campaign against the proposal.
That campaign has been given the support by Green Party leader Caroline Lucas.
The planning application will be considered by St Helens Council's planning committee on a date yet to be confirmed.
But it is only 800 metres from the borough's boundary with Golborne so the impact of the scheme is an agenda item for Tuesday's meeting of Wigan Council's planning committee.
A report prepared for councillors recommends that Wigan Council informs St Helens Council that it does not object to the proposed development.
The report concludes: "It is recommended that the council does not object to the planning application, as the proposal would have negligible impact on the borough and would provide significant new jobs in an area accessible to borough residents."
The application seeks outline planning permission to erect two commercial buildings, along with infrastructure such as roads and footpaths, on the site on Slag Lane.
It also seeks full planning permission for a new access road to the A580 East Lancashire Road.
The plans have been met with anger from people living in the area and more than 1,700 objections have been received by St Helens Council.
They have the support of Green Party leader Caroline Lucas, who visited Haydock to meet campaigners.
Their concerns included loss of green belt land and the impact on traffic, residential amenity and wildlife.
But the report states that other than traffic impact, they are "localised issues" which do not affect Wigan.
The council's traffic section raised no objections to the proposal, as the impact on traffic would be "negligible" and most traffic would be in St Helens.
The report also says the development would create 2,100 jobs, which would be "easily accessible" by Wigan residents.
The planning committee meets at 2pm on Tuesday at Wigan Town Hall.


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photo (c) 2004 Daniel G. BudiacThis is the second interview on the Glazblog. Kevin Lawver works for AOL as a Principal Software Engineer and is one of the most proeminent voices pushing Web Standards inside the ol'giant that used to be Netscape's parent company. Read his words on Web Standards, blogging, MSIE and more !
Next events
- 18 april 2015: Bulgaria Web Summit, Sofia, Bulgaria
- 5-7 may 2015: W3C Advisory Committee meeting, Paris, France
- 18-22 may 2015: CSS WG meeting, New York City, USA


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Scrapbookers know first-hand the power of combining photos and journaling on a page, especially when that journaling carries with it a special message. The next time you need a personal gift for someone special, consider creating a scrapbook album that takes advantage of this combination.
A Tribute Album takes a little planning and a lot of cooperation, but when you need a gift that will be appreciated and remembered, this one fits the bill perfectly. The concept of a Tribute Album is fairly straightforward – combine in a themed scrapbook album photos and letters from individuals who know and love the person to whom the album is dedicated.
This type of album works especially well for milestone events & special celebrations, such as a 50th anniversary, significant birthday, graduation or retirement. But it can also be adapted to fit just about any reason you might have for creating such a special gift.
The album I'll use as an example was one I made for my mother a couple years ago for her 60th birthday. Contributors included my dad, my brother & sister, several of the grandkids, all of mom's siblings, most of my dad's siblings, and several extended family members, long-time friends and coworkers.
10 Steps to Creating a Tribute Album:
1. Choose the recipient of the album. This will be the person to whom everyone is paying tribute.
2. Develop a list of anyone and everyone you would like to contribute to the album. This might include family members, both immediate and distant; coworkers; childhood friends & families; employers; college buddies; sorority/fraternity sisters & brothers; teammates; etc. Compile mailing addresses (and possibly phone numbers) for everyone on the list. This might require a few phone calls and a little help from someone close to your recipient who might have access to an address book. You may also want to ask more people than you really plan to include, because chances are pretty good not everyone will respond.
3. Decide what you will include in the album. A standard approach is to use some kind of message or letter plus photos or other memorabilia from each contributor. You could do much more, however, by adding yearbook excerpts, more extensive photos, responses to a specific question or theme, etc.
4. Decide how you will format the album. For example, you could limit each contributor to one page in your book, with photos and messages falling within set limits, such as size, colors, theme, etc. You will also need to know whether you are creating a traditional paper album or designing it digitally.
5. Once you've decided what you will include and how you will format the album, it's time to draft a letter to everyone you are hoping will contribute to the book with information about what you are doing, how they can participate, specific guidelines on what you would like them to do, and deadlines for getting it done.
If you would like them to follow set limits for how they write their message, it may be a good idea to include the actual card or paper you would like them to send their message on. This is especially helpful when you plan to include their actual handwriting, as opposed to a less personal computer font. The item you send could be the actual pre-cut piece of the paper you plan to use in a traditional album or a white blank postcard of a specific size for a digital album with instructions to write on it with a fine-tipped black pen. Once written upon, this card can then be scanned and incorporated into your digital page. This was the approach used in my mom's album.
Another thing to consider is how children might participate in the project, such as grandchildren. In my mom's case, my nieces made drawings, which I then scanned and included on the page with the message from their mom (my sister).
Be sure you include in your letter the address to which you'd like items sent, as well as any instructions that might be needed to help ensure the album and its contents remain a surprise until you are ready for them to be revealed.
You can find a sample letter HERE, which you are welcome to copy and adapt to suit your individual project.
6. Mail your letters. Plan to make a few follow-up phone calls or emails as your deadline approaches. This is especially true for those on the list you feel are especially important to include in the album, such as a spouse, parent, best friend, etc.
7. While you are waiting for your letters and photos to arrive, it's a good time to plan your own contribution to the album. You could include a page just like everyone else. Or you may instead wish to create a special introductory letter, title page, or other features that will add to the overall album. For my mom's album, I created a title page and then combined my own letter into an introduction to the overall album.
Then at the end of the book, I compiled several photos of my mom, including a few wedding photos, some other miscellaneous shots, and then several portraits showing her through her lifespan up until the date of her 60th birthday. By using photos from the past, I was also able to include my grandparents in the album, even though they are no longer with us.
8. Once you have all of the items from your contributors, it's time to put the album together. Of course, there are as many ways to do this as there are scrapbookers … you are limited only by your imagination. If you feel intimidated by doing a whole album at once, consider creating a standard page design and then just repeat it until all of your items have been included. Another helpful method is using a pre-designed template or theme album. In the example shown, I adapted an ABC album available through a digital scrapbooking company called Lifetimez, formerly available through Top-Line Creations (no longer in existence).
9. Once you get your album done, all that is left is presenting it to your recipient. Take some time to make this special and try to do it in person, if possible. Think about creating a special display box or particularly fancy wrapping. This is the type of gift that is really going to touch the heart … and you're going to want to be there for the hugs.
10. Last but not least, be sure to return any photos and other items to the contributors, unless they specified that isn't necessary. It's also a great time to thank them for their help and let them know how much their participation was appreciated – by you, as well as your recipient!
If you have access to older copies of Creating Keepsakes magazine, there is a wonderful article by Becky Higgins concerning Tribute Albums in the March/April 1998 issue. And if you have other ideas or experiences with making Tribute Albums, we'd love to hear them! Feel free to share in a comment below …
Click HERE to download this Tip Sheet in PDF format.
Click on "comment" below to share your thoughts…


text:
Coastal Escape Beach Resort is located in Panibatuhan, Bataan. Bataan has a lot of memorable beach resorts and Coastal Escape beach resort is one of them. Basing on the name of the resort which is Coastal Escape, simply means that, it is a place where one can find an escape. You might ask, escape from what exactly? Well, for others, they consider it as an escape from the stressful life of the city. The resort is rich in activities that one can do there, guaranteeing its guests total fun all throughout the stay. So, if you're looking for some sort of timeout and relaxation as well as fun, then Coastal Beach Resort is one of the places to visit.
Prices starts from php1,000
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- Videoke
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- camp by the beach
- Coin operated Videoke
- Billiard table
- For rent…. Skim board, body board, mask and snorkel for coral viewing
- Volleyball, dart board, assorted board games, Playing cards etc….
- Coastal Escape (sari sari store)shop


text:
Closer is an upholstered bar stool. The frame runs in an endless movement around the bar stool and the logic and light construction is supported by a seat pad in a stringent look with an inviting bend. The upholstery is refined with a unique stitching for a light and underplayed twist to a well-known type of stool. The light construction makes the chair immensely practical in use and can easily be stacked during cleaning and storage. Good Design Award winner.
The Danish design duo was established in 2000 with a clear vision of being innovative and professional - but also with the aim of leading and inspiring a new generation of designers to further develop the Danish design legacy. The duo is located in Lisbon.
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Kind regards
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text:
Scranton, Pa., Oct 22, 2008 / 01:00 pm (CNA).-
An election forum at a Pennsylvania parish that took place last Sunday was organized to allow Catholics the opportunity to defend their support for McCain and Obama. However, the forum took a surprising turn when an unexpected guest showed up to guide his flock, the Bishop of Scranton, Joseph F. Martino.
The forum, which took place at St. John's Catholic Church in Honesdale, Pennsylvania, was underway when the bishop arrived. Four panel members were sharing their perspectives on the presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama, some pledging to vote for the Republican, others for the Democrat.
One of the panelists, Sister Margaret Gannon of Marywood University cited statements from "Faithful Citizenship" a document on voting released by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. She noted that "a Catholic cannot vote for a candidate who takes a position in favor of an intrinsic evil, such as abortion or racism, if the voter's intent is to support that position. At the same time, a voter should not use a candidate's opposition to an intrinsic evil to justify indifference or inattentiveness to other important moral issues involving human life and dignity. "
After Sr. Gannon spoke, the bishop took the floor. Bill Genello, a spokesman for the Diocese of Scranton told the Wayne Independent that when Bishop Martino arrived, his intention was to listen "to the presenters and how they might discuss Catholic teaching."
However, he continued, "Certain groups and individuals have used their own erroneous interpretations of Church documents, particularly the U.S. Bishops' statement on Faithful Citizenship, to justify their political positions and to contradict the Church's actual teaching on the centrality of abortion, euthanasia and embryonic stem cell research."
When the bishop heard the speakers using the bishops' statement to justify their choice for president, he reminded the audience that those "groups and individuals who make statements about Catholic teaching do not speak with the same authority or authenticity as their bishop."
The prelate then clarified his authority as bishop and the Church's teachings on abortion as an election issue.
"No USCCB document is relevant in this diocese," said Martino according to the Wayne Independent. "The USCCB doesn't speak for me."
"The only relevant document ... is my letter," he continued, "There is one teacher in this diocese, and these points are not debatable."
The letter he referred to was a pastoral letter to his entire diocese that was published in the first week of October. In his message, Bishop Martino states that a candidate's abortion stance is a major voting issue that supersedes all others due to its grave moral consequences.
He wrote: "To begin, laws that protect abortion constitute injustice of the worst kind. They rest on several false claims including that there is no certainty regarding when life begins, that there is no certainty about when a fetus becomes a person, and that some human beings may be killed to advance the interests or convenience of others."
"Another argument goes like this: 'As wrong as abortion is, I don't think it is the only relevant 'life' issue that should be considered when deciding for whom to vote.' This reasoning is sound only if other issues carry the same moral weight as abortion does, such as in the case of euthanasia and destruction of embryos for research purposes. ... National Right to Life reports that 48.5 million abortions have been performed since 1973. One would be too many. No war, no natural disaster, no illness or disability has claimed so great a price."
He also touched on just war. "Even the Church's just war theory has moral force because it is grounded in the principle that innocent human life must be protected and defended. Now, a person may, in good faith, misapply just war criteria leading him to mistakenly believe that an unjust war is just, but he or she still knows that innocent human life may not be harmed on purpose. A person who supports permissive abortion laws, however, rejects the truth that innocent human life may never be destroyed. This profound moral failure runs deeper and is more corrupting of the individual, and of the society, than any error in applying just war criteria to particular cases."
"No social issue has caused the death of 50 million people," he said, noting that he no longer supports the Democratic Party. "This is madness people."
When the prelate concluded his speech, most audience members gave him a standing ovation, while others were upset that the leader of the diocese made an appearance. Bishop Martino left the event shortly after making his remarks.
Organizers of the event had mixed emotions regarding the bishop's appearance.
Father Martin Boylan, pastor of St. John's said that they "were very careful not to endorse anyone," and that the forum was meant to be "a political slash editorial forum about the presidential election."
He also explained that the state church guidelines were "carefully followed" for the event.
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The priests in Jerusalem were keeping the lunar - based calendar that included weeks pegged to the phases of the moon. This occurred during the centuries, just before the time of the birth of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH). This occurred during the days of Jesus':(YaHuWSHuWAh's) life upon this earth, and during the days of the Apostles, after Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) ascended to the righthand side of the throne of YaHuWaH. And this also occurred during the time, after the death of the Apostles, among Jesus':(YaHuWSHuWAh's) servants, who where still yet alive.
After the death of the true servants, who were like-minded as Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH), the keeping of the Sabbaths, according to the phases of the moon, came to an end. The Early Jewish/Christians, who were true servants being like-minded as Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH), were still keeping the true Sabbaths, according to the phases of the moon. But eventually, those, who became Roman Gentile Christians, were no longer keeping the true Sabbaths. The Law of ALaHiYM was no longer being taught unto the people, who claimed to be servants being like-minded as Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH), because those, who opposed the message of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh), destroyed all, who held fast to the message of the Apostles. The only ones, which were allowed to live, were those, who accepted the new pagan Roman Gentile Christian doctrine, which became known as Gentile Christianity, today.
Here is what Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH) had to say about the religious leaders 'the Pharisees' of his day:
MAT 23:1 Then spake Jesus to the multitude, and to his disciples,
MAT 23:2 Saying, the Scribes and the Pharisees sit in Moses' seat:
MAT 23:3 All, therefore, whatsoever they bid you observe, that observe and do, but do not ye after their works: for they say, and do not.
MAT 23:4 For they bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of their fingers.
MAT 23:5 But all their works they do for to be seen of men: they make broad their phylacteries, and enlarge the borders of their garments,
MAT 23:6 And love the uppermost rooms at feasts, and the chief seats in the synagogues,
MAT 23:7 And greetings in the markets, and to be called of men, rabbi, rabbi.
MAT 23:8 But be not ye called rabbi: for one is your master, even Christ; and all ye are brethren.
MAT 23:9 And call no man your father upon the earth: for one is your father, which is in heaven.
MAT 23:10 Neither be ye called masters: for one is your master, even Christ
MAT 23:11 But he that is greatest among you shall be your servant.
MAT 23:12 And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be abased; and he that shall humble himself shall be exalted.
MAT 23:13 But woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. For ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.
MAT 23:14 Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. For ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation.
MAT 23:15 Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. For ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.
MAT 23:16 Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, whosoever shall swear by the temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gold of the temple, he is a debtor.
MAT 23:17 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold, or the temple that sanctifieth the gold?
MAT 23:18 And, whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever sweareth by the gift that is upon it, he is guilty.
MAT 23:19 Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or the altar that sanctifieth the gift?
MAT 23:20 Whoso therefore shall swear by the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon.
MAT 23:21 And whoso shall swear by the temple, sweareth by it, and by him that dwelleth therein.
MAT 23:22 And he that shall swear by heaven, sweareth by the throne of god, and by him that sitteth thereon.
MAT 23:23 Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. For ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgement, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.
MAT 23:24 Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.
MAT 23:25 Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. For ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.
MAT 23:26 Thou blind pharisee, cleanse first that which is within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.
MAT 23:27 Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. For ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness.
MAT 23:28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.
MAT 23:29 Woe unto you, Scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites. Because ye build the tombs of the Prophets, and garnish the sepulchres of the righteous,
MAT 23:30 And say, if we had been in the days of our fathers, we would not have been partakers with them in the blood of the Prophets.
MAT 23:31 Wherefore, ye be witnesses unto yourselves that ye are the children of them which killed the Prophets.
MAT 23:32 Fill ye up then the measure of your fathers.
MAT 23:33 Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?
MAT 23:34 Wherefore, behold, I send unto you Prophets, and wise men, and Scribes: and some of them ye shall kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, and persecute them from city to city:
MAT 23:35 That upon you may come all the righteous blood shed upon the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel:(HeBeL) unto the blood of Zacharias son of Barachias, whom ye slew between the temple and the altar.
MAT 23:36 Verily I say unto you, all these things shall come upon this generation.
MAT 23:37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, thou that killest the Prophets, and stonest them which are sent unto thee, how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not.
MAT 23:38 Behold, your house is left unto you desolate.
MAT 23:39 For I say unto you, ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, blessed is he that cometh in the name:(honour, authority, and character) of the Lord.
During the time of Apostle Paul, the congregations of the gentiles in Asia minor, who WERE Called:(Invited) to serve in righteousness by being like-minded as Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh), were called 'Christians', by the gentiles in those same areas, who were not servants existing like-minded as Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH). The Gentiles of Asia Minor, who became Believing Jewish/Christians, are recorded of, in an old Britannic Encyclopedia of the 1930's, as the Early Christians, who were different from those, who are called Gentile Christians, today.
Yes, absolutely, indeed, they were different in character.
The following information explains how the True Lunar Seventh Day Sabbath, which was originally appointed by the visual sighting of the New Moon crescent, was changed to become a Saturday sabbath, in honour of the pagan god Saturn. The true lunar calendar of YaHuWaH was replaced with the solar calendar, After the days of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH), and the death of the Apostles.
In the article, "Shawui Sabbath - Ancient Sabbath Observance", we find written the following:
"Most theologians and some scholars assume that mainstream Jewish society, at the time of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh), was practicing a fixed seven-day week, which was the same as the modern fixed seven-day week. This is extremely doubtful. The change, from a lunar to a fixed week, was brought about by the power and influence of Rome. As long as the Nazarenes held power in Jerusalem, all Roman practices and customs, including that of the consecutive week, were held at bay."
This article goes on to explain:
"YaHuWSHuWAh observed a Sabbath, but this Sabbath was neither Saturday nor Sunday. The Nazarene Sabbath was a lunar Sabbath observed on the seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first and twenty-eighth day of the lunar month. This was standard practice among the Beni-amen Nazarene order and most of the other orthodox Jewish sects of the time. Lunar Sabbath observance is an ancient Semitic custom, concurrent and ante-dating the time of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh)." (Ibid.)
Further, states the article:
"It is a mistake to assume that the ancient followers of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) kept the modern week consisting of Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday. They did not. Their week was a lunar week, which started over at the beginning of each phase of the moon. Most scholars agree that the modern concept of the week began in the first century and was made popular by Rome, although there is not unanimous agreement on this point."
"At the time of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH), the observance of the Seventh Day Sabbath was a national command for those in Judah. The Beni-amen [Nazarenes] observed the Sabbath according to the lunar quarters (on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day of the lunar month)." (Ibid)
But what of the Gentiles, who became Jewish/Christians? Did they also observe a lunar Sabbath cycle?
Early historical records clearly confirm: that, AT A VERY EARLY DATE, Gentiles, who became Jewish/Christians under the Apostles, also kept the same Sabbath calendar as the Nazarenes.
In the article 'Shawui Calendar - Ancient Shawui Observance', the author expounds:
"The Sabbath observed by Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) and his family, was not alway on a Saturday or a Sunday, and is calculated in a manner all together different than the modern custom of weekday observance. The method of calculating weekdays on Jesus':(YaHuWSHuWAh's) calendar is at variance with the modern fixed week system. According to the Hebrew calendar system, each week begins at the beginning of the four phases of the moon; the sighting of the New Moon Crescent starts the first quarter, then there is the second quarter, the third quarter, and the last quarter of the moon."
Continuing, we read:
"After the fourth lunar week of the month ends on the 28th, the next day or two is a Dark Moon Day, which is not part of any lunar week. (A new week does not begin until the following New Moon Crescent occurrence.) This may seem odd, to a person following the modern calendar of continuous fixed weeks, but to the ancients, it made perfect sense to pause and prepare themselves before entering and beginning a new month and a new cycle of four weeks." (Ibid)
James Dwyer, in his article "Advanced Astronomy In Bible Texts", writes:
"The Early [Jewish]/Christian descriptions of a weekly cycle containing periodic single days are very clear, and this information (coupled with evidence provided by the measurable lunar/solar phenomena) strongly indicates that Early [Jewish]/Christians were practicing a lunar-based calendar." (p.42)
The same author, in another article entitled "A New Look At The Christian Sabbath", expresses:
"It now seems almost certain that some additional definitions of the early Sabbath cycle are missing from the modern tradition of the seven-day week. Essentially, the modern week, as a continuous cycle of seven days, does not seem to equate to the definition of the week as it was used during the Early Jewish/Christian era."
Writing about his article, James Dwyer asserts:
"This new research looks at the Sabbath calendar, as it would have been known to a mainstream Jew, living in the second temple era, and it finds the Sabbath to have been a rather sophisticated interface with the lunar-solar system. In this earlier time, the Sabbath cycle, surprisingly, was defined by the phases of the moon, and, even more surprising than this, the Sabbath cycle also revolved into precise alignment with the Annual Feast Circuit."
Further, in chapter 16 of "The Stromata", Clement plainly writes:
"In periods of seven days, the moon undergoes its changes. At the end of the first week, she becomes half moon; at the end of the second [week], full moon; and at the end of the third [week], in her wane, again half moon; and at the end of the fourth [week] she disappears."
This is about as plain as it can get. Obviously, in Clement's day, the week, (as kept by the Jews), was still tied to the moon's phases, and by extension, the Seventh Day Sabbath was still tied to the moon, also.
However, it appears, that, by this time: (150-215 A.D.), some of the Jewish/Christians had gotten away from a week and Sabbath, which was dependent upon the lunar reckoning.
The Gentile Christian Divorcement Of The Sabbath
In the years following Clement of Alexandria's time, an ominous change started to take place, which was to radically change the [Jewish]/Christian concept of the Sabbath. "This intimate connection", records the Encyclopedia Biblica, " The relationship between the week and the month was soon dissolved. It is certain that the week soon followed a development of its own, and it became the custom, without paying any regard to the days of the month, (I.E. the lunar month), so that the beginning of each moon phases no longer coincided with the first day of the week." (The Macmillan Company, 1899. p. 5290)
Then, on page 4179 of the same Encyclopedia, we read:
"The introduction of the custom of celebrating a sabbath every 7th day, irrespective of the relationship of the day to the moon's phases, led to a complete separation from the ancient view of the Sabbath."
In the article "Shawui Calendar - Ancient Shawui Observance", we find confirmation of this radical change of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM lunar calendar:
"The [lunar] calendar was used by all of the disciples of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh). This original Nazarene lunar calendar was supplanted by a Roman 'planetary week' and calendar in 135 C.E., when the 'Bishops of the Circumcision' (I.E. legitimate Nazarene successors to YaHuWSHuWAh) were displaced from Jerusalem. This began a three hundred year controversy, concerning the true calendar and correct Sabbath. This [calendar] controversy arose after the exodus of the Bishops of the Circumcision, and has continued until our time." (Epiphanius, He 4, 6, 4)
The Ancient Historian Iranaeus suggests:
"The groundwork, for this supplanting of the true calendar, began in Rome with a bishop Sixtus (C.A. 116 - C.A. 126). Sixtus was the first to celebrate a Sunday Easter in Rome, instead of the traditional 'Nisan 15 date,' when the Feast of Unleavened Bread begins in the lunar calendar. This change, from the lunar calendar to a fixed solar calendar, occurred in Rome during the repressive measures, which were enacted against all Jewish customs and practices, including the lunar calendar, during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. With the fall of the Nazarene Headquarters, at Jerusalem, this new Roman calendar quickly spread throughout 'Christendom'. This new calendar not only replaced yearly Festival dates, such as Passover, but it also revamped the concept of the week and its seventh day."
Hutton Webster points out:
"The Early [Jewish]/Christians, had at first, adopted the Jewish [lunar] seven-day week with its numbered weekdays, but by the close of the third century A.D., this began to give way to the planetary week; and in the fourth and fifth centuries, the pagan designations became generally accepted in the western half of [Gentile] Christendom. The use of the planetary names, by [modern day Gentile] Christians, attests to the growing influence of astrological speculations, introduced by converts from paganism." ("Rest Days: A Study In Early Law And Morality." New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916. p. 220)
It should be noted:
"The oldest dated [Gentile] Christian inscription, to employ a planetary designation, belongs to the year 269 A.D.." (Inscriptiones Christianae Urbis Romae, Ed. De Rossi, 1861, I, No. 1)
In the article "Shawui Sabbath - Ancient Sabbath Observance", the author asks these questions:
"But what of the Gentiles of Asia Minor, who became Jewish/Christians? Did they also observe a Sabbath according to the lunar cycle?"
Early historical records clearly confirm:
Very Early, The Gentiles of Asia Minor, who became Jewish/Christians, also kept the same lunar Sabbath calendar as the Nazarenes. This practice was first changed by Pope Sixtus in 126 A.D.. Later it was officially changed by a royal Roman decree, from the Emperor Constantine. Observance of the Sabbath day was made illegal and observance of a 'Sunday', on a fixed week, was made mandatory for all, except farmers. Previous to this time, the Roman Saturday was the first day of the Roman week. The veneration of the sun, in the second century A.D., began to pressure Roman culture, to change the first day of their week from Saturday to Sunday. (Had the Jews been observing this same Roman calendar at this early date, as some maintain, then their Seventh Day Sabbath would have been on Friday, which was the traditional seventh day of this Roman calendar during the first century A.D.).
Hutton Webster adds:
"The change from such lunar cycles, by those people unconnected with the lunations, would not have involved so abrupt and sudden a departure from the previous system of time reckoning, as that, from a bipartite division of the lunar month to a week, which ran continuously through the months and the years." (Rest Days)
Babylonian Rabbis Divorce The Sabbath
After the death of the Apostles, the strong influence of the pagan Roman Gentile Christian doctrine caused some of the Jewish/Christians, to adopt a continuous seven-day week, with the Sabbath on every seventh day. The believing Jews, at that time, also came under this same subtle influence. Following the destruction of the Temple in 70 A.D., the Palestinian Jews struggled hard, to retain control of the sacred calendar.
Certain Early Believing Jewish/Christians did not ever turn away from observing and doing the Law. These Early Jewish/Christian Believers were put to death by the Roman Gentile Christian armies, because of their love for YaHuWaH ALaHiYM and their neighbor as themselves.
Notes the Encyclopedia Britannica:
"The calendar was originally fixed by observation, and ultimately by calculation. Up to the fall of the Temple (A.D. 70), witnesses, who saw the New Moon [Crescent], came forward and were strictly examined , and if their evidence was accepted, the month was fixed by the priests. Eventually the authority passed to the Sanhedrin and ultimately to the Patriarch. When necessary, a second 'Adar' was inserted, in order that the reaping of the [barley] corn should come at Passover. Gradually, observation gave place to calculation. The right, to determine the calendar, was reserved to the Patriarchate; The Jews, of Mesopotamia, tried in vain, to establish their own calendar, but the prerogative of Palestine was zealously defended.
Continues the Encyclopedia:
"So long as Palestine remained a religious centre, it was natural to the homeland that the diaspora looked for its calendar. Uniformity was essential, for if different parts had celebrated feasts on different days, then confusion would have ensued. It was not until the 4th century A.D. that Babylon fixed the calendar. The Talmud speaks of various new year's days. It may be regarded as certain that, in Palestine, the new year [Rosh Hoshanna] began in Nissan (CF. EXO. XII. 2), and in Babylon, in Tishri." (Volume 4, Article 'Calendar')
What is not realized by many people:
Those, who had control of the calendar, had ultimate political authority in Judaism. In other words, whoever controlled the calendar, also controlled the appointed course of the Jewish people, for righteous or for evil.
Herschel shanks writes:
"In the period, after 70 C.E., the rabbis arrogated this authority to themselves. In the story that appears in the Talmudim, rabbi Hananiah, an emigre Judean scholar, tried to assert the supremacy of Babylonian Jewry, by asserting its right, (that is, his own right while in Babylonia), to intercalate the calendar. His attempt was unsuccessful, because it was several centuries too early. This authority remained, for some time, with the rabbis, in the land of Israel." (Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism, p. 197)
Notes shanks:
"Ultimately, all this began to change in the third century C.E., for the rabbis of Babylonia themselves cited in retrospect, the return of one of their own, Rav (Abba), to Babylonia in 219 C.E., as the beginning of a new era in the relative status of the two great Jewish communities:
We have made ourselves [or consider ourselves], in Babylonia, like Eretz Israel, from when Rav went down to Babylonia."
Shanks continues:
"While this may seem to telescope a long drawn out process into one identifiable event, the fact is, that the date designated in that statement, indeed, points accurately to the early third century, when Babylonia's star began to rise." (Ibid, p. 262)
While the control of the calendar remained in the hands of the Palestinian Jews, it was inviolate:[kept according to the Law], but, when the control passed to the Babylonian Jews, events transpired, which affected the calendar and the keeping of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM true Sabbath day.
The environment, which brought this about, is discussed by Herschal shanks, in the following pages of his book:
"As we enter the third century, we find that the Jews of Babylonia have, at their head, an Exilarch (Resh Galuta), 'head of the diaspora', with [false] claims to David's lineage... But the Exilarchate did not rule the Babylonian Jewish communities single-handedly. Alongside the Exilarch, a new framework of leadership, the rabbis of Babylon, emerged."
Continues shanks:
"If the rabbis of Babylonia were prudent, in their relationship, with the Exilarch, they were even more cautious, in defining and publicly stating their attitude toward the government. As we have already noted, it is in Babylonia, [not Palestine], that we encounter the well-formulated principle, that the law of the government is law." (Ibid, pp. 263-264)
Shanks brings out:
"There were very marked differences, in the attitude toward government and the preservation of Jewish religion and life, between the Palestinian and Babylonian Jews. The Palestinian Jews jealously guarded their religion and way of life, while the Babylonian Jews were clearly, willing to accommodate the government of their area and compromise certain principles they held. This included the Sabbath day. During this time, a major revival of the Zoroastrian religion, took place in (226 A.D.), when the first Sassanian king, Ardeshir, came to the Persian throne. He made reforms to the old lunar-based calendar, which had a far-reaching effect on his people, (especially the Jews), who initially rejected his new calendar, since it affected their religious observances. This resulted, for a while, in two calendars, one decreed by the king and the other, older one, followed by the majority of the people in the kingdom. Eventually, however, the new calendar won out and the Persians, as well as the Jews of Babylonia, began to organize their sabbaths, according to the new solar calendar."
In the early centuries of the [Constantine Gentile] Christian era, many non believing [Gentile] Christians became confused over the proper date for the Passover. This Is made clear, in the early 5th century, by the church historian, Socrates Scholasticus. (Born Circa 379 A.D. in Constantinople).
The Church Historian, Socrates Scholasticus, in his Ecclesiastical history:
"In Asia minor, most people kept the fourteenth day of the moon:(lunar month) as a Sabbath day. Yet, they, who kept the true [Sabbath], never separated from those, who did otherwise, until victor, bishop of Rome, influenced by too ardent a zeal, fulminated a sentence of excommunication against the Quartodecimans, in Asia. Wherefore also, Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons in France, severely censured victor by letter for his immoderate heat; telling him, that, although the ancients differed in their celebration of 'Easter':[the Passover], they did not desist from intercommunion. Moreover, Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, who afterwards suffered martyrdom under Gordian, continued to communicate with Anicetus Bishop of Rome, although he himself, according to the usage of his native Smyrna, kept 'Easter':[the Passover] on the fourteenth of the moon:(lunar month), as Eusebius attests in the fifth book of his Ecclesiastical History. Therefore, while some in Asia minor observed the days above-mentioned, others, in the east, kept a Passover on the [Sabbath] indeed, but differed as regards the lunar month. The former, [those in Asia Minor], thought the Jews should be followed, though they were not exact. The latter, [those in the east], kept 'Easter':[a passover, contrary to the Law of God], after the equinox, refusing to celebrate with the Jews Because, they said, "it ought to be celebrated when the sun is in Aries, in the month called Xanthicus by the Antiochians, and April by the Romans."
In this practice, they:(those in Asia Minor) asserted:(insisted) as true:
They conformed not to the modern Jews, who are mistaken in almost everything, but they conformed to the ancients.
Do NOT let this writing up above cause the reader to become confused as to when the True Passover of the Feast of Unleavened Bread is commanded in the Law to be kept. Those in the east did NOT follow the true Early Jewish/Christians, who had the True Faith of Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) Christ:(MaSHiYCH), because those in the east did not establish the Passover according to the True Lunar Calendar of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM.
According to the Law, the first lunar month of the year, for establishing Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread, is determined by the sighting of the New Moon Crescent, when the barley plants have the green ears of grain. If the barley plants do NOT have the green ears of barley grain, then the Passover and Feast will Lawfully be kept one lunar month later.
The keeping of the Passover should NOT EVER be determined by the Vernal Equinox. One should ALWAYS look for the New Moon Crescent of Abib:(Green Ears of Barley), in the land of Israel, to establish the Feast. However, today as of 2011, the true people, Israel of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM, do NOT exist upon this earth in the land called Israel. Therefore, those, who keep a feast in the land of modern Israel today, are NOT Accepted by YaHuWaH ALaHiYM, as being the chosen people, who will receive the promise that was given unto Abraham and his seed. The True Israel People of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM will be given an Eternal Inheritance in the Land that was vowed to be given unto them, as was promised unto Abraham, in his day.
Two ideas were prevalent:
(1) That Passover should be observed on the 14th of Abib lunar month, while regarding the four weeks with their Seventh Day Sabbaths of a lunar month. (This belief was based upon the premise that the Jews should be followed). However, this idea was vigorously contested by
(2) Others in the east, who kept a passover on the Seventh Day Sabbath indeed, but differed as regards the lunar month: [they kept a Seventh Day Sabbath passover a lunar month later].
James Dwyer notes:
"Based upon the eastern practice, it was believed that the then Jews were not in complete adherence with more ancient Jewish practices." (A New Look At The Christian Sabbath).
Dwyer continues:
"Essentially one group adhered to the practice of current modern Jews, (which was the determination of passover by the 14th day of the lunar month, when the sun is in Aries, in the month called Xanthicus by the Antiochians, and which was called April by the Romans; that is after the equinox, even though they used a lunar-based calendar). The other group adhered to a more ancient Jewish determination which computed the date of Passover according to the true Sabbath [lunar] calendar, (the same as the ancient chodesh cycle, or four weeks of Sabbath, plus renewal [New Moon] Days), and they kept Passover in the moon:(lunar month) of Abib." (Ibid)
This passage from Socrates Scholasticus clearly show that certain Jews had gone astray by the early 5th century, and were no longer keeping the Seventh Day Sabbath cycle, (which was in tune with the moon's phases), as ordained by YaHuWaH in Exodus 16.
The fact is:
Others in the east, kept passover on the 14th day of the lunar month, when the sun was in Aries, in the month called Xanthicus by the Antiochians, and which was called April by the Romans; meaning after the Equinox, even though they used a lunar-based calendar. Moreover, it indicates that this group in the east was not keeping the Seventh Day Sabbath according to YaHuWaH ALaHiYM true lunar calendar, because YaHuWaH Passover will always come on a Seventh Day Sabbath of the 14th of Nisan:(Abib).
Saturn and the Sabbath
Talking about the time prior to the diaspora, Hutton Webster tells us:
"An old and still common theory, derives a sabbath institution, from the worship of Saturn, after which planet, the first day of the astrological week, [Saturday], received its designation. The theory is untenable for more than one reason. In the first place, the Hebrews did not name their weekdays, after the planets, but indicated them by ordinal numbers. In the second place, Saturn's day, [Saturday], began the planetary week, while the true Jewish Sabbath was regarded as the last day of the seven, a suitable position for a rest day. And in the third place, neither the Hebrews nor any other oriental people, ever, worshipped the planet Saturn, as a god, and observed his day as a festival." (Ibid., p. 243)
"However, in the diaspora, this soon changed with the influence of the Zoroastrian revival and the Roman planetary week. These imported superstitions [from Babylon], eventually led Jewish rabbis to call Saturn Shabbti, 'the star of the sabbath,' [and]...It was not until [after] the first century of our era, when the planetary week had become an established institution, which the Jewish Sabbath seems always, to have corresponded to Saturn's day, [Saturday]." (Ibid, p. 244)
Webster explains:
"The association, of the Sabbath day with Saturday, was probably one reason why Saturn, (a planet in Babylonian astrological schemes, regarded as beneficent rather than malefic), should have come to assume, in late classical times, the role of an unlucky star." (Sidus Tristissimum, Stella Iniquissima)
The Roman Historian, Dio Cassius, [born 155 A.D., died after 230 A.D.], also speaks of the Jews having dedicated to their god, the day called 'the day of Saturn', [Saturday], on which, among many other most peculiar actions, they undertake no serious occupation.
Another Roman Historian, Tacitus (Historiae, v, 4) thinks:
"The modern Jewish Sabbath may be an observance in honour of Saturn." (Rest Days, p. 244-245).
Notes the Universal Jewish Encyclopedia:
"With the development of the importance of the Sabbath as a day of consecration and the emphasis laid upon the significant number seven, the week became more and more divorced from its lunar connection." (Volume 10, 1943. Article, "Week", p. 482)
Moreover, writes Hutton Webster:
"The establishment of a periodic week:(continuous week), ending in a so called, 'sabbath' observed every seventh day, was doubtless responsible for the gradual obsolescence of the New Moon festival, as a period of general abstinence, since, with continuous weeks, the New-Moon day and a so called, 'sabbath day', would from time to time coincide." (Ibid., p.255)
This obsolescence of the New Moon festival is also noted by the Universal Jewish Encyclopedia:
"However, in the diaspora, the New Moon came to occupy a secondary position, in contrast to 'a so called Saturday sabbath'; the prohibition against work and the carrying on of commerce was lifted, and the New Moon [Day], although still celebrated by means of increased offerings, soon was reduced to the rank of a minor of half holiday. The importance of [sighting] a New Moon [Crescent] was confined to the fact that it remained of great value and necessity for the fixing of the festivals." (Volume 8, p. 171. Article "New Moon").
In the book "The Seven Day Circle - The History and Meaning of the Week", Eviator Zerubavel observes:
"The Jewish and astrological weeks evolved quite independently of one another. However, given the coincidence of their identical length, it was only a matter of time before some permanent correspondence between particular Jewish days and particular planetary days would be made. A permanent correspondence, between a sabbath and 'the day of Saturn', was thus established. Some time later, than the first century of the present era, Jews even came to name the planet Saturn, Shabtai; After the original Hebrew name of the Sabbath. Moreover, as they came into closer contact with Hellenism, their conception of their holy day was evidently affected by the astrological conception of Saturn, as a planet, which has an overwhelming negative influence; (A conception, which incidentally is still evident even from the association of the English word 'Saturnine', with a gloomy disposition). There are traditional Jewish superstitious beliefs, about demons and evil spirits, who hold full sway on the Saturday sabbath day, and an old Jewish legend even links the choice of 'the day of Saturn', as the official Jewish rest day, with the superstition that it would be an inauspicious day for doing any work anyway." (New York: The Free Press, 1985. p. 17)
Commerce and the Sabbath
On page 11, Zerubavel makes some interesting comments about the Jewish divorcement from the lunar phases, concerning YaHuWaH ALaHiYM true Sabbath day:
"The dissociation of the week from a natural cycle, such as the waxing and waning of the moon, can be seen, as part of a general movement toward introducing a supra-natural deity. The deity not being personified with any particular natural force, the Jewish god was to be regarded as untouched by nature in any way. Accordingly, the day, dedicated to this god, was to be regarded as part of a divine temporal pattern, which transcends even nature itself. That obviously involved dissociating the week from nature and its rhythms. Only by being based on an entirely artificial mathematical rhythm, could a sabbath observance become totally independent of the lunar [month]or any other natural cycle."
Zerubavel goes on to say:
"A continuous seven-day cycle, which runs throughout history, paying no attention, whatsoever, unto the moon and its phases, is a distinctly modern Jewish invention. Moreover, the dissociation of the seven-day week from nature has been one of the most significant contributions of modern Judaism unto civilization. Like the invention of the mechanical clock some 1,500 years later, it facilitates the establishment of what Lewis Mumford identified as 'mechanical periodicity'; Thus essentially increasing the distance between human beings and nature. Quasi [lunar] weeks and [continuous] weeks, actually represent two fundamentally distinct modes of temporal organization of human life; The former involving partial adaptation to nature, and the latter stressing total emancipation from it. The invention of the continuous week was therefore, one of the most significant breakthroughs in human beings' attempts to break away from being prisoners of nature and from being under the Law of ALaHiYM, to create a social world of their own." (The Seven Day Circle, p. 11)
On page 8 of his book, the author further expounds:
"The establishment of a continuous seven-day week, with the regular observance of a Saturday sabbath, is a distinctively modern Jewish contribution to civilization. It is crucial to remember that the ancient dwellers of Mesopotamia, themselves, did NOT have a continuous seven-day week, [as we know it today]. While the seven-day intervals, (entailed in the regular observance of the seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, and twenty-eighth days of the lunar month), served as the model for the Jewish week; They, themselves, can NOT be considered continuous ongoing weeks, throughout the year. Such seven-day intervals, which I shall call Quasi-weeks, undoubtedly bear a striking resemblance to the modern day continuous week and are OFTEN MISTAKEN FOR IT. Nevertheless, they are an essentially different phenomenon. One of the most distinctive features of the [present] week, is the fact that it is entirely dissociated from the lunar month. It is essentially defined, as a precise multiple of the day, quite independently of the lunar month. Quasi [lunar] weeks, on the other hand, are generally defined as rough approximations of the phases of the moons:(lunar months), and are appropriately called 'lunar weeks." (By Francis H. Colson, Ibid.)
Zerubavel concludes by saying:
"The indispensability of a continuous week, for the establishment of settled life with a high level of social organization, [was] particularly significant, since the rise of a market economy, which involved orderly contact on regular recurrent, periodic market days. Only by establishing a weekly cycle of an unvarying standard length, could society guarantee that the continuity of its life would never be interrupted by natural phenomena, such as the lunar month. The dissociation of the week, from the lunar month, is, therefore, the most significant breakthrough, in the evolution of this cycle, from its predecessor. Only by defining the week, as a precise multiple of the day, rather than, by the phases of the lunar month, could human beings permanently avoid the problem of having to handle loose remainders; Thus, introduce into their lives the sort of temporal regularity, which they could never attain with the Quasi [lunar] week." (The Seven Day Circle, p. 10)
The evidence is overwhelming of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM Sabbaths being tied to the phases of the moon. In fact, so much material is available, that I have elected to cut short this article, in order not to overload the reader with facts. It is my sincere hope, that the reader will have an open mind and will see the irrefutable truth, that YaHuWaH set the Holy Seventh Day Sabbaths at the end of each of the four phases of a lunar month.
In The End Time Days, known as the last seven years of The Last Days, when YaHuWaH's House of ALaHiYM of Jacob is reestablished by the Two Cherubs, then the Called:(Invited) will keep all of the Seventh Day Sabbaths, which are set at the end of each of the four phases of a lunar month.
The pagan Saturday sabbath is not YaHuWaH ALaHiYM appointed Seventh Day Sabbath, nor is the pagan Sunday. In the search for truth, YaHuWaH ALaHiYM has made known the truth, which frankly is going to separate the humbled person from the person of pride; A separation of those, who will obey YaHuWaH ALaHiYM without doubting, from those, who will continue to thumb their noses at YaHuWaH ALaHiYM, and resist unto the very end.
Many of you may be asking, "How in the world can we keep YaHuWaH ALaHiYM Sabbath Days, by the phases of the moon and according to Exodus 16? It is the most impractical thing we could possibly do, in the way we now live." It is like having been born into a trap. Because we're used to it, we think it is normal. The truth is, the chosen people, Israel, have historically fallen into traps by deception. These very traps came upon the children of Israel, because they turned from keeping the Law of ALaHiYM. When they were taken captive by foreign nations, the law of those nations was not in agreement with the Law of ALaHiYM. Even today, in this Babylon country known as the U.S.A., we are severely persecuted, when we STRIVE to Observe to Do ALL, of the Commandments of the Law. It is Impossible for any human nature minded person to walk perfectly in the Law of YaHuWaH ALaHiYM. We must become Holy Spirit Minded, before we will be accepted by YaHuWaH ALaHiYM. We must become as Israel:(He will rule as Almighty).
These traps are developed:
(1) Because of the transgression of the Law of ALaHiYM. These circumstances are a results of our breaking the Law of ALaHiYM, from the beginning of our lives, unto this day;
(2) Because of the stubbornness of the heart while being proved. (Remember what the Prophet YaRuMiYaHuW said about the heart being desperately wicked).
YaHuWaH ALaHiYM will make righteous honour, authority, and character known unto those, who will become servants of the Two Cherubs. This will be accomplished by the teaching of the Law of ALaHiYM.
Just as surely as YaHuWaH ALaHiYM brought the children of Israel out of Egypt and revealed to them the true Sabbaths of the lunar calendar; It is prophesied, that all of Israel will, once again, return back unto the true Sabbaths of the true lunar calendar in the future, when the servants of the Two Cherubs are reestablished upon Mount Zion, Jerusalem.
The Prophet Isaiah records the culmination of the ages, in Isaiah chapter 66:
"For as the new:(renewed) heavens and the new:(renewed) earth, which I will make, shall remain in the presence of me", says YaHuWaH, "So shall the descendants with righteous name:(honour, authority, and character) remain." "And it shall come to pass, that from one New Moon [Day] to another, and from one Sabbath to another, all flesh shall come to worship in the presence of Me", says YaHuWaH. (Verses 22-23)
The descendants are the whole house of Israel, who will be walking in the honour, authority, and character of YaHuWaH. This is what will remain, when heaven and the earth are renewed.
Therefore, we, (who will be alive and will choose to become servants of the Two Cherubs, who dwell in the presence of the Master of the whole earth, when YaHuWaH's House of ALaHiYM of Jacob is reestablished, upon Mount Zion, Jerusalem), will keep the true New Moon Days and the true Sabbaths, in that future day, perfectly.
I fully realize that these prophecies will occur with the last remnant of the chosen people. A greater deliverance of the chosen people, other than the one from Egypt that occurred at the time of Moses, will occur in the end time of The Last Days. The End Time Days are known as the last seven years, before Jesus:(YaHuWSHuWAh) returns.
We have nowhere to 'exodus' to, yet, because the Two Cherubs, are not in the place, where YaHuWaH has chosen to establish righteous name:(honour, authority, and character). Jerusalem Mount Zion is that chosen place. But in the meantime, those, who understand this prophecy, will earnestly desire for the true peace of Jerusalem. We must continue to STRIVE in obeying the Law, in the land of Babylon, until the Two Princes:(the Two Cherubs, who dwell in the presence of the Master of the whole earth), come.
Remember, the children of Israel sacrificed the passover upon the 14th of Abib lunar month, before they left Egypt on the 15th of Abib lunar month.
Strive to walk in righteousness, now, while living in this land of confusion. The day of deliverance from this confusion will come in its appointed time according to prophecy. The repentant sinner will be delivered in that day.
Now, the reader can click on this Link: LORD God's Design Is Suitable and Fitting For the Well-Being of Humankind, If Humans Use the Creation By Compliance of the Commandments of the Law
Praise YaHuWaH!
Observance of the New Moon Crescents, Is For Marking the Seventh Day Sabbaths and the Feasts of LORD God
Observance of the New Moon Crescents, Is For Marking the Seventh Day Sabbaths And the Feasts of LORD God - Part 2
Observance of the New Moon Crescents Is A Requirement By LORD God, For Knowing the Time of the Seventh Day Sabbaths, and the Feasts Throughout A Year
The Children of Israel Exodus Out of Egypt On the First Day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread
Jesus Christ Was Executed On a Stake Upon the Passover Sacrifice Day
Both New And Old Testament Writings Agree That The 14th Of Abib Lunar Month Is A Seventh Day Sabbath
The Seventh New Moon Day, Namely the Feast of Trumpets, Does Not Come Upon the First Day of the Seventh Lunar Month
LORD God's Design Is Suitable and Fitting For the Well-Being of Humankind
A Human Nature Minded Man Cannot Become Subservient Unto the Law of God
The House of Yahweh Message Concerning Yisrayl Hawkins and Yaaqob Hawkins Is A Falsehood Message
A Circumcised Stranger, Sojourning in the Land of Israel, Dwelling Among and Associated With A Master's Family of Israel, Being Taught the Law, Must Keep the Passover and Feast of Unleavened Bread Upon Mount Zion, Jerusalem
Only An Ordained Authorized Righteous Judge Can Lawfully Condemn Any Breathing Human Being, Who Is Worthy of Punishment or Death
Mount Zion, Jerusalem, Is the Place Where LORD God Has Chosen To Establish Righteous Honour, Authority, and Character, In the End Time Days
The LORD's House of God of Jacob Will Be Reestablished Upon Mount Zion, Jerusalem
The Honour, Authority, and Character of the LORD:(YaHuWaH) Supreme Almighty is Revealed Unto Moses Through YaHuWaH ALHYM:(Messengers)
YaHuWaH ALHYM:(Messengers), Who Are Under the Authority of LORD:(YaHuWaH) Supreme Almighty, Appeared Unto Selected Ones of the House of Israel
The Cherubim, Gabriel and Michael, Who Are Two Anointed Representatives Of YaHuWaH Supreme Almighty, Will Reestablish The Law In Unity, Unto the Last Remnant Of the House Of Israel
Statutes and Judgements of the Law Pertaining to Masters of Families of Israel, Hebrew Menservants, Gentile Bondservants, Maidservants and Marriage
Judgements In the Law, Concerning Masters of Families of Israel, Bought Father's Virgin Daughters, Maidservants Betrothed For Marriage In Their Master's House
A Master of a Family of Israel Is To Make a Marriage Contract, To Buy a Father's Daughter, To Be a Virgin Maidservant, and Betroth Her For Lawful Marriage In Her Master's House
Judgements of the Law Pertaining to Masters of Families of Israel, Menservants, Virgin Maidservants, Hired Servants, and Bondservants
From Noah, the Father of Shem, To Eber, the Hebrew, To Terah, the Father of Abraham From Ur of Mesopotamia, To Isaac In Canaan, and Father of Jacob, Who Was Renamed Israel
The Patriarch Jacob Was Renamed Israel By LORD God
The House of Judah, After the Babylonian Captivity, Returned To Rebuild Jerusalem and the Temple
During the Days of the Apostles, Gentile Families Out of Asia-Minor, and Descendants of the House of Judah, Were Called:(Invited) To Become Like-Minded As Jesus Christ
True Israel Servants In LORD's House of God of Jacob, In the End Time Days of the Last Days
Masters of Families of Israel Bought Virgin Daughters As Maidservants, Hebrew Menservants, Gentile Bondservants Sojourning In the Land of Israel
Lawful Marriage And Divorce Correctly Understood From The Law And Writings Of The Prophets, Jesus, And The Apostles
Jesus Fully Preached the Law, Teaching, If A Man Divorces A Lawfully Married Virgin Woman, Then Adultery Will Be Committed If Marriage Occurs With Another Man
Circumcision of the Heart and Body of the Believing Gentiles, Who Became Jewish/Christians, Was Performed In Compliance of The Law of The Holy Spirit
Believers of the Spiritual Body of Christ Must Be Reconciled With One Another Before LORD God Will Accept Them In the Eternal Kingdom
Religious Teachers Of Modern Day Gentile Christianity Deceive Many People With Falsehood, Placing Their Own Private Interpretations On The Writings Of the Apostle Paul
Gentiles Will Become As Israel, By Righteously Serving Masters of Families of Israel, In the Land of Israel
Fulfilled Prophecies and Unfulfilled Prophecies, Of the Ancient House of Israel For the End Time Days, And Of Jesus Christ For the Eternal Kingdom
Apostle Paul's Message of The Kingdom is Not Modern Day Gentile Christian Religions New Gospel of Grace
King Solomon Remembers the Vow That LORD God Promised Unto King David For the House of Israel
All Nations Remaining Alive After The End Time Days Of The Last Days Will Serve In The Eternal Kingdom
The Two Witnesses, Namely the Two Cherubs, Gabriel and Michael, Who Are Employed Messengers of the Supreme Almighty
Apostle Paul, A Chosen Messenger Unto the Gentiles of Asia-Minor, Did Not Teach the Modern Day Gentile Christians New Gospel of Grace
Deceived Falsehood Preachers Teach a Lawless Message From Apostle Paul's Writings to the Gentiles In Asia-Minor


text:
Artist's description:
The panoramatic original painting of summer landscape "My Personal Landscape 5" was created with vibrant and bright acrylic colours (summer colours) on standard edge canvas. Sides painted as part of the painting.
Ready to hang, no frame needed.
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If you would like a quote for how much delivery would cost stretched, please just let me know, I will be happy to help.
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Materials used:
Professional acrylic paint, stretched canvas, gesso, UV satin silk matt varnish
My Personal Landscape 5 (2015)
Acrylic painting by Lucie Jirku
$570 Sold
- Acrylic painting on Canvas
- One of a kind artwork
- Size: 37.4 x 17.72 x 0.79 in (unframed) / 37.4 x 17.72 in (actual image size)
- Ready to hang
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- Style: Unspecified
- Subject: Landscapes, sea and sky
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Do you like this artwork?
This artwork has sold, but the artist is accepting commission requests. Commissioning an artwork is easy and you get a perfectly personalised piece.
This artwork is sold by Lucie Jirku from Czech Republic


text:
If one Googles sufficiently hard one finds the statement that Roger Godement gives the first example of a comonad, used to compute flabby resolutions of sheaves, in his monograph "Topologie algébrique et théorie des faisceaux". For example, see here. I am interested in comonads in the category $\mathsf{Sh}(X)$ of sheaves of abelian groups on a topological space $X$, so I looked out this paper and attempted some translation. I think that the relevant part is, given a sheaf $\mathscr{F}$, we define a new sheaf $C \mathscr{F}$ where $$ C\mathscr{F}(U) = \{ \text{functions } s \colon U \longrightarrow \mathscr{E}_\mathscr{F} \mid s(x) \in \mathscr{F}_x \forall x \in U \} $$ where $\mathscr{E}_\mathscr{F}$ is the étalé space of $\mathscr{F}$, and $\mathscr{F}_x$ is the stalk of $\mathscr{F} $ at $x \in X$.
My question is, is this really a comonad? I have found it hard to define a natural transformation $\varepsilon \colon C \longrightarrow 1$ that would turn $C$ into a comonad. Is there another functor $\mathsf{Sh}(X) \longrightarrow \mathsf{Sh}(X)$ which is the comonad which is being referred to? Is the original statement incorrect?


text:
Oct. 30, 2004
Box Score | Quotes | Notes
By RUSTY MILLER
AP Sports Writer
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) – Ted Ginn returned a punt 67 yards for a touchdown and Tyler Everett ran back an interception for another score to lead Ohio State to a 21-10 win over Penn State on Saturday.
Two offenses ranked among the worst in the Big Ten struggled all day, combining for four turnovers.
Neither team could pass in the gusting winds, with Penn State going to the air for just 69 yards despite trailing all day and Ohio State settling for 59 yards with a keepaway attack for the final three quarters.
Ginn's return and Everett's TD in the first quarter gave the Buckeyes (5-3, 2-3) an almost insurmountable lead against an Penn State offense that was last in the conference in scoring and turnover margin.
Penn State (2-6, 0-5) lost its fifth game in a row. The Nittany Lions lost six consecutive games just last season.
Penn State ran 16 plays in Ohio State territory in the opening half (twice as many as the Buckeyes did on the Nittany Lions' side of the field), had a 13-4 upper hand in first downs and a 157-63 advantage in total yards. Yet the Buckeyes led 21-7 thanks to two Penn State turnovers, a long kick return by Maurice Hall and Ginn's big punt return.
The Lions took the opening kickoff and drove to a first down at the Ohio State 34, but a play later Michael Robinson's pass in the right flat was intercepted by Ashton Youboty, who returned it 35 yards.
On their next possession, the Lions were forced to punt and Ginn burned them. The freshman accelerated up the middle and then cut to the Ohio State sideline for his second punt-return touchdown of the season. He became only the fifth Buckeye to return two punts for TDs in the same season and the first since Jeff Graham in 1990.
Three plays after the ensuing kickoff, Robinson's wide receiver screen in the left flat was wide of the target and Everett ran between two Penn State players to pick it off and return it 24 yards untouched for the score.
Ohio State ran a total of six plays and netted just 12 yards in the first quarter but led 14-0.
The Buckeyes chipped in with a turnover of their own midway through the second quarter when quarterback Troy Smith was hit from behind by Matthew Rice and fumbled, with Derek Wake recovering at the Ohio State 41. It took just six plays for Penn State to find the end zone, Tony Hunt setting up his own 3-yard score by bursting through a hole for a 26-yard gain.
It was only Penn State's third offensive touchdown in the Big Ten this season.
Hall returned the ensuing kickoff 62 yards to the Penn State 35 – at the same time setting Ohio State's career record for kickoff-return yardage with 1,476 – which led to Branden Joe's 4-yard touchdown run to push the lead back to 14 points.
The only points in the second half came on Robbie Gould's 21-yard field with 9:31 left, after Penn State coach Joe Paterno disdained going for the touchdown from the Ohio State 3 on fourth down.
Hunt finished with 85 rushing yards on 20 attempts, with Robinson adding 58 on 20 carries. Robinson, filling in for Zack Mills who missed the game with a concussion, completed just 7 of 21 passes with the two interceptions.
Hall rushed for 65 yards on 14 carries for the Buckeyes.
Smith hit on 6 of 8 passes without an interception as Ohio State kept it on the ground and burned time off the clock after piling up the early lead.