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The Emergency Operations Center is currently in the recovery phase from the Lobo and McCourtney fires. The EOC is currently assisting affected residents by connecting them with local, state, and federal resources and services.
Nevada County Behavioral Health (in partnership with FEMA, California Dept. of Healthcare Services, and 211 Nevada County) secured funding to provide Disaster Response Counselors for residents affected by the fires.To speak to someone, call 211 or or 1(844) 319-4119 if dialing from a phone that is not in the (530) area code.
CalRecycle is starting their assessments and clean-up of the fire damaged properties that have signed a Right of Entry (ROE) form this week. So far, Nevada County has received 33 signed ROE forms, which is a large majority of damaged properties in our County.Participating in the free clean-up by CalRecycle and the State is not mandatory. For property owners that would like to clean their own property via a contractor or themselves, the County has created helpful guidelines for property clean-up.
FEMA is at the Eric Rood Administrative Center during business hours today to help residents affected by the October fires with their Individual Assistance claims. Stop by to ask questions or apply for Individual Assistance!
This U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) is at the Eric Rood Administrative Center for only two more days! Residents affected by the October fires who need small home, business, or economic injury loans can stop by to meet with an SBA representative, however, you don't need to stop by the Rood Center to apply. The Application deadline isn't until December 11, 2017 and applications are available to fill-out online.
County staff is monitoring the rainfall throughout the day and over the weekend. Significant rainfall is not expected, however, ongoing monitoring by County Staff will allow for the identification of fire burn areas that are showing increased runoff. Cal OES is aware of the inbound rain system and is available to respond with strike teams to divert runoff once notified by County EOC.
The Nevada County Assessor's Office is offering Property Value Transfers for fire damaged or destroyed properties from the recent fires. Fill out a Claim For Intracounty Transfer of Base Year Value form and return to our Assessor's Office.
211 Connecting Point is acting as an "information hub" for all services and assistance for residents impacted by Lobo and McCourtney fires. Contact 211 Connecting Point by dialing 211 to connect with services from local organizations, churches, and businesses or to offer to provide a service for our residents in need.
The application deadline for Disaster CalFresh is TODAY! Apply with our Department of Social Services or apply online at www.C4Yourself.com. The program can provide additional food assistance to residents who have been affected by the Lobo or McCourtney fires by a loss of income, inaccessible cash flow, or have deductible/allowable disaster related expenses.
A Debris Recovery Operations Center (DROC) is opening tomorrow at 8:00am to help answer questions and concerns about the debris removal process. Impacted residents can stop by at 451 Highway 20 in Marysville, or call their information line at (916) 769-1139. They will be open 8am to 5pm Monday through Friday, and 8am to 4pm on Saturdays.
FEMA is bringing a staffed Mobile Emergency Office Vehicle to answer questions, provide additional information, and review Individual Assistance cases this Tuesday and Thursday at Rough and Ready Volunteer Fire Department (14506 Rough and Ready Hwy) from 9am to 6pm.
A joint Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) for Nevada County is located at 915 8th Street in Marysville, open 10am to 8pm through November 20th. A DRC is a one-stop-shop with critical government services for residents who have been impacted by the fires. Replace lost or destroyed vital documents (ID, financial information, etc.) and get connected with financial support services such as insurance information and apply for FEMA aid.
The Small Business Administration (SBA) will be at the Rood Center (950 Maidu Ave in Nevada City) this week from 8am to 5pm, Monday through Wednesday! They can provide low-interest disaster loans to businesses, homeowners, and renters. The SBA representatives at the Rood Center can help walk you through the application process.
CalRecycle starts the remaining debris and ash clean-up on Wednesday, November 1st. Any property owners who would like to take advantage of the free fire debris clean-up services available by the state should contact Nevada County Environmental Health at email@example.com or (530) 265-1222 before Wednesday!
Disaster CalFresh can provide additional food assistance to residents who have been affected by the Lobo or McCourtney fires by a loss of income, inaccessible cash flow, or have deductible/allowable disaster related expenses. Apply with our Department of Social Services by next Wednesday, November 1st, or apply online at www.C4Yourself.com.
The Small Business Association (SBA) will be at the Rood Center (950 Maidu Ave in Nevada City) today until 5pm, and Monday through Wednesday 8am to 5pm for the following two weeks to meet with residents affected by the fires. They can provide low-interest disaster loans to businesses, homeowners, and renters.
FEMA's Mobile Emergency Office Vehicle will be at the Fowler Center (Grass Valley shopping center with Save Mart and B&C Home and Garden Center) tomorrow from 10am to 5pm! Residents who lost or had damage to their homes during the Lobo or McCourtney fires can sign-up, ask questions, or check-in on their Individual Assistance case with FEMA.
Our Board of Supervisors unanimously voted to continue the proclamation of a Local Health Emergency in Nevada County due to the damage from the Lobo and McCourtney fires. The Local Health Emergency proclamation is necessary for the State to provide free clean-up services to residents who lost their homes during the recent fires. Currently, Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) has completed site assessments on all properties and will start hazardous waste clean-up soon. Afterwards, the California Southern Baptist Convention (CSBC) and a Cal OES/CalRecycle team will finish the remainder of the debris clean-up.
A Community Meeting on the Fire Debris Removal Program with CalOES will be hosted in the Board Chambers at the Rood Center, 950 Maidu Avenue in Nevada City, TONIGHT, at 6 p.m. Residents with homes or outbuildings that were destroyed in the Lobo or McCourtney fires are encouraged to attend to learn more about the clean-up program with the multi-agency Cal OES and CalRecycle team.
There are 4 fire recovery events this weekend through next week.The Red Cross is hosting a Service Center to give families and individuals financial assistance with pre-loaded credit cards this Saturday at Brighton Greens Business Park off McCourtney Road in Grass Valley.FEMA is bringing a Mobile Emergency Office Vehicle to answer questions and sign affected residents up for FEMA's Individual Assistance on Saturday at Brighton Greens Business Park off McCourtney Road in Grass Valley.The Small Business Administration (SBA) is meeting with residents regarding low-interest federal disaster load to businesses and homeowners on Monday through Wednesday during business hours at the Rood Center in Nevada City.A Community Meeting on Fire Debris Removal Program will be on Monday at 6pm at the Board Chambers in the Rood Center in Nevada City. Residents with homes or outbuildings that were destroyed in the Lobo or McCourtney fires are encouraged to attend to learn more about the clean-up program with the multi-agency Cal OES and CalRecycle team.
If you were affected by the Lobo and McCourtney fires and missed our Local Assistance Center (LAC) on Tuesday, information on all the agencies and resources at the LAC is now up on our website. Find resources for property clean-up, Individual Assistance from FEMA , free replacement of identification or registration documents from the California DMV, and more!
Property owners should exercise caution and use proper protective equipment when removing or handling any ash or hazardous materials from their property. Improper handling and disposal can be harmful to property owners, children and the general public. Small scale sifting through ashes to locate any remaining personal items will not impact residents' ability to get financial assistance. Unauthorized large scale removal of debris and ash should be coordinated with government officials prior to removal. Find more information on disposing of debris and removing hazardous waste on FEMA's website.
Due to the Lobo and McCourtney fires and to assist those not able to store/prepare food, hot and prepared foods can be purchased with CalFresh EBT cards now through November 15th, 2017. All Penn Valley and Rough and Ready CalFresh households have automatically received replacement CalFresh benefits on their EBT cards for the month of October. If you lost food because of power outages during the October Wildfires, please work with the Nevada County Department of Social Services before November 8th, 2017 to receive replacement CalFresh benefits.
Great news! As of yesterday evening, all fires in the Wind Complex, including Lobo Fire, are 100% contained! All evacuation warnings have been lifted and all roads are open. Firefighters are now working on mop-up and continuing with suppression repair. We will continue providing general updates regarding the recovery process for Lobo and McCourtney Fires here and on our Office of Emergency Services web pages.
Nevada County Environmental Health has issued an Advisory Notice for ash and burn debris clean-up and removal. Debris and ash from residential fire may be hazardous ash and debris from burned buildings and homes. Hazardous ash and debris can contain toxic substances due to the presence of synthetic and hazardous materials. Find more information on our Lobo and McCourtney Fire Recovery web pages, or in the link below.
Our Department of Social Services is offering additional CalFresh and CalWORKS assistance for recent fire victims. Yesterday, 358 CalFresh households in the 95946 (Penn Valley) and 959575 (Rough and Ready) zip codes automatically received replacement CalFresh benefits on their EBT cards for the month of October. If you lost food because of power outages during last week's fires, please work with our Department of Social Services before November 8th to receive replacement CalFresh benefits.
We will have a full room of resources at tomorrow's Local Assistance Center (LAC)! With 14+ federal, state, local, and non-profit agencies present in one room, there will be opportunities for residents to get information on the first steps in the fire recovery process. There will be representatives from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Red Cross, Nevada County Building Department, Nevada County Environmental HealthSalvation Army, Nevada County Code Compliance, California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), California Department of Insurance, Contractors State Licensing Board, Cal Vet, California Department of Social Services: Supplemental Grant Program information, Department of Tax & Fee Administration (State Board of Equalization), Nevada County Behavioral Health, Nevada County Department of Social Services: Eligibility.
We created some web pages with resources and information for those who lost their primary residence in last week's Lobo and McCourtney fires. We will be working to provide updates to these web pages as more information on resources becomes available. A great first step would be to come to our Local Assistance Center (LAC) tomorrow (10/17) between 10am and 8pm at 1020 McCourtney Road Suite C in Grass Valley to be connected with federal, state, and local resources.
A Local Assistance Center (LAC) for residents who suffered property damage will be open TOMORROW from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. at 1020 McCourtney Road Suite C in Grass Valley.At the LAC, residents affected by the fires can find resources to assist them with clean-up of their property, find if they are eligible for Individual Assistance from FEMA, and find more information about the rebuilding process. In addition, assistance with replacing important documents such as Drivers Licenses and Birth Certificates will be available. Residents who have been affected by the fires also can find out if they are eligible for Disaster CalFRESH and may receive extra benefits to their EBT cards.Transportation will be arranged if needed. Please call (530) 265-1218 for more information.
Yesterday, Nevada County secured Disaster Assistance from FEMA for residents who have lost their primary residence in the Lobo and McCourtney fires.Disaster assistance for homeowners and renters may include grants to help pay for temporary housing, essential home repairs, uninsured and under-insured personal property losses, and other serious disaster-related needs not covered by insurance.
Lobo Fire is now reported at 97% contained. All fires in the Wind Complex, including the Cascade Fire in Yuba County and La Porte Fire in Butte County, are now 90% contained or more. Tonight's CalFIRE Fact Sheet is the final Fact Sheet for the Wind Complex.
Lobo Fire at 96% containment as of this morning. All animals have been picked up from the Nevada County Fairgrounds and all Nevada County shelters are officially closed.Please be aware of fire safety! We had another small fire start in Nevada County near Greenhorn this morning, but luckily it was stopped quickly and is now extinguished.
The most recent CalFIRE Fact Sheet reports more progress on Lobo Fire! Containment increased from 93% to 95% throughout the day.
Grass Valley Salvation Army is helping families who lost their homes in the Lobo and McCourtney Fires by taking monetary donations online, by mail, or to their local Grass Valley office. 100% of donations go to families who lost their homes and all donations stay local. Salvation Army will provide gift cards for groceries, clothes, or other needs, or help residents to pay bills with the donations.Don't forget to write that you want your donation to stay local (in Nevada County for the Lobo and McCourtney Fires) in the "Leave a Comment" box.Thank you to everyone in our community who has come together to help displaced families already!
CalFIRE AM Fact Sheet reports increased containment overnight for Lobo Fire! Lobo is now 93% contained at 821 acres. McCourtney Fire remains 100% contained at 76 acres.
More positive progress on Lobo and McCourtney Fires! 6:10PM CalFIRE Fact Sheet reports Lobo Fire at 821 acres at 83% containment, and McCourtney at 76 acres at 100% containment.Another Red Flag Warning has been issued for tonight, meaning perfect conditions for wildfire. We urge everyone to be vigilant about fire safety in the upcoming days.
Our Friday Memo this week provides a lot great resources and safety information regarding the Lobo and McCourtney Fires. Don't forget to subscribe! You can subscribe to all County alerts, including the Friday Memo and Wildfire Updates, here: https://www.mynevadacounty.com/list.aspx
Containment for Lobo Fire and McCourtney Fire continued to increase overnight! Lobo: 65% containment at 821 acresMcCourtney: 95% containment at 76 acresThank you to our firefighters!
PG&E is informing residents on how to safely restore power to your home and how to rebuild and power a structure lost from the Lobo or McCourtney fires. Take a look at their tips,including local resources, in the document attached.
NCTV will be airing tonight's 6:30 Community Meeting regarding the Lobo and McCourtney fires live on Channel 17 (Comcast and Suddenlink). You can also watch online in the link below.Tonight's Community Meeting will take place at 6:30PM at the Eric Rood Administrative Center, 950 Maidu Ave in Nevada City, and is open to the public.
Now that the Evacuation for the greater Rough & Ready area is downgraded to Evacuation Advisory, the shelter at Twin Cities Church and the Animal Shelter at the Nevada County Fairgrounds are in the process of closing. Nevada County staff is working with evacuees to make sure everyone has somewhere to go. When returning home, check the roof and exterior areas for sparks and embers as well as the attic and throughout the house for hidden burning sparks and embers. Not all residents will have power; PG&E is working as quickly as possible to restore power in the entire area.Evacuees who have animals at the Fairgrounds are encouraged to pick up their animals with their IDs. Upon returning home make sure you have food, water, and proper containment for your animals. High temperatures and fire damage can cause normal household items to become hazardous to you and your animals. Make sure your property is safe before returning home.
Our Assessor's Office is providing Property Tax Relief for residents whose homes have been damaged or lost in the Lobo and McCourtney fires. To apply, please fill out the Assessor's Calamity Reassessment and Property Tax Deferral form and return to our Assessor's Office by December 11, 2017.For more information, please visit the Assessor's website.
All Evacuation Advisory's for Lobo Fire have been lifted. The Evacuation for the greater Rough and Ready area has been downgraded to an Evacuation Advisory and residents can repopulate the area. Our evacuation maps are now updated for the current Evacuation Advisory Area for both Lobo and McCourtney fires.Please be cautious when re-entering the area. Check the roof and exterior areas for sparks and embers as well as the attic and throughout the house for hidden burning sparks and embers. Not all residents will have power; PG&E is working as quickly as possible to restore power in the entire area.There will be representatives from the Nevada County Sheriff's Department, Nevada County Sheriff Chaplains, Nevada County Office of Emergency Services, American Red Cross and CALFIRE at the Rough and Ready Fire Department to assist with any questions or concerns. Residents are encouraged to attend the Community Meeting tonight at 6:30 PM at the Rood Center at 950 Maidu Avenue in Nevada City. This meeting will provide information on services to those affected by the McCourtney and Lobo fires.
A County information call line for people who have homes in the fire areas is now active. You can call 265-1218 to check if your home has been identified as damaged or destroyed and to receive other information.
Great news this morning for Lobo Fire and McCourtney Fire! CalFIRE has increased containment for both fires with Lobo currently up to 52% containment from 30% yesterday, and McCourtney up to 89% containment from 65% yesterday. Thank you to our firefighters!
CalFIRE is hosting a Community Meeting on the Lobo and McCourtney Fires tomorrow night at the Board Chambers in the Eric Rood Administrative Center. The meeting will provide updates from both CalFIRE and County officials with time for Q&A.
CalFIRE's PM Fact Sheet reports Lobo Fire continues to be 857 acres at 30% containment. McCourtney Fire continues to be reported at 76 acres at 65% containment.
Our shelters at Twin Cities Church and the Nevada County Fairgrounds are open tonight and as long as needed! Thank you to The Salvation Army - Grass Valley for feeding our evacuees at Twin Cities, and Red Cross for helping staff and feeding our evacuees at First Baptist. If you were evacuated and need food, please stop by Twin Cities for a meal or some snacks!
An Air Quality Health Advisory due to smoke from Lobo and McCourtney Fires has been issued for Nevada County. Please take the following precautions for your health:•Minimize outdoor activities even if you are healthy;•Stay indoors with doors and windows closed as much as possible; run the air conditioner on the "recirculate" setting if that is an option;•People with asthma should follow their asthma management plan;•People with heart disease, respiratory or chronic health issues should stay indoors;•Contact your doctor if you have symptoms of cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, or severe fatigue.•Keep airways moist and stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.•Avoid breathing additional smoke, such as from cigarettes or barbecues.
Due to extra space at both shelters, we have consolidated the shelter at First Baptist Church to Twin Cities Church. There is still plenty of room and services at Twin Cities Church for evacuees, as well as easy accessibility.Twin Cities Church11726 Rough and Ready HwyGrass Valley, CA 95945Animal Shelter:Nevada County Fairgrounds - Gate 811228 McCourtney RoadGrass Valley, CA 959545
Update on residences affected by current Nevada County fires:Lobo Fire Evacuation Area: 818 residences Evacuation Advisory Area: 4,280 residencesMcCourtney Fire Evacuation Advisory Area: 320 residencesPlease use our evacuation map for current evacuation areas.
CalFIRE had a briefing at the Nevada County Fairgrounds this morning. Lobo Fire is at 857 acres with 30% containment. CalFIRE objectives for the day are to keep the fire North of Rough and Ready Hwy, keep the fire South of Bitney Springs Road, keep the fire East of Lake Wildwood Estates, and keep the fire West of the intersection of Bitney Springs and Newtown Road. McCourtney Fire is at 76 acres at 65% containment. CalFIRE objectives for the day is to keep the fire within the established perimeter.Thank you to all the firefighters working to keep our community safe!
All evacuations for Garden Fire have been lifted. If re-entering to the area, please be cautious of emergency officials who are still working on mop-up in the area.
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) brought in a mobile airport control tower to assist with the high volume of airport traffic flying in and out of our Grass Valley Air Attack base.
Garden Fire is now reported at 10 acres, 60% contained, and forward progress has now been stopped. Parts of Sunnyside Lane, Wolf Road, and Arbor Lane were burned. Reported 2 structures and 1 barn burned. Nevada County Sheriff's Office, Nevada City Police Department, Grass Valley Police Department, and CHP – Grass Valley staff are on scene with fire investigators on the way.Thank you to all public safety and fire officials who acted quickly on this fire!
Evacuations for #GardenFire are West of Duggans, South of Quarterhouse, North of Garden Bar. Our evacuation map is updated to reflect the evacuation. There are approximately 203 residences in the evacuation area.
An additional 2 air tankers arrived at the Grass Valley Air Attack Base. This makes a total of 5 air tankers helping to fight our local fires!
INFO CORRECTED: There is a new fire causing additional evacuations near Wolf Road and Garden Bar Road. Please evacuate and stay away from this area.A fire reported near Van Tam Way and Sunnyside Lane was quickly contained. All evacuations at this location (including the animal shelter) have been called off.
The evacuation order for the community of Lake Wildwood has been reduced to an evacuation advisory. For more information, please see CalFIRE's press release in the link below.
Our GIS mapping team updated the approximate fire peremeter for Lobo Fire and McCourtney Fire on our evacuation map. Thank you everyone for your patience. We are working to update you whenever we receive updated information.
Over night shelter numbers: Twin Cites Church - 113 people First Baptist Church - 25 people Fairgrounds animals - lots - counting - will post later. Still have room and food for more people if you want to come in and rest, eat, etc. Shower trailers will be coming intoTwin Cities later this morning - get a hot shower! #LoboFire
KNCO Radio is doing a great job posting local school closures. Check it out.
CalFire has assigned Air Tanker #96 to assist on Lobo Fire now to help finish retardant line for tonight. That makes three local now. Good news!
Due to the Lobo and McCourtney Fires in Nevada County, we will be declaring a Local Emergency Proclamation at tomorrow's Board of Supervisors meeting. Emergency Proclamations assist the County in responding to and receiving funding for local emergencies. Today the State of California included Nevada County in a multi-county emergency declaration due to the fires happening statewide.
30 to 40 structures lost and 8,000 people evacuated due to Lobo Fire. Evacuations are still in place. Any changes will be updated on our evacuation map as they occur. Both shelters, Twin Cities Church and First Baptist Church will remain open overnight and into tomorrow, as long as needed. Fairgrounds will remain open for animal evacuations. A Local Assistance Center will be opened later this week to assist residents who have lost their homes. We will continue to update on Facebook and our website as we receive information.
Are you signed up for emergency alerts? Only AT&T landlines automatically receive emergency notifications without sign-up. All cell phones or landlines on other service providers (cellular, VoIP, Comcast, Verizon, etc.) need to register via CodeRED the link below. Please sign-up to get emergency updates for your neighborhood!
Three new helicopters arrived at the Grass Valley Air Attack Base and are currently fueling up.
With expanded evacuation areas, 3,630 residences are in the current Evacuation area and 1,430 residences are in the Evacuation Advisory area.
Expanded Evacuation and Advisory Evacuation areas for Lobo Fire. Evacuation area expanded East to Bitney Springs Road. Evacuation Advisory extended South to Highway 20. Updates are up on our evacuation map.
Public safety officials are asking that people stay away from the fire zone and evacuation areas as it is causing congestion and hindering fire operations. Please proceed with caution and evacuate safely.
Our evacuation map has been updated with a rough estimate of Lobo Fire's location compared to the current evacuation areas.
CalFIRE NEU reports that #LoboFire is now 700 acres. Evacuations still in effect. Please use our evacuation map for up-to-date evacuation areas and shelters.
All evacuations for the McCourtney Road Fire are lifted. Our evacuation map is updated to reflect evacuations currently in place due to Lobo Fire.
While other churches are generously opening their doors, we have two official shelters with plenty of room, food, and resources for evacuees. These two shelters are staffed by both Red Cross and County employees, and can provide high-level of service for those in need.First Baptist Church 1866 Ridge Road Grass Valley, CA 95945Twin Cities 11726 Rough and Ready Hwy Grass Valley, CA 95945Animal Shelter: Nevada County Fairgrounds - Gate 8 11228 McCourtney Road Grass Valley, CA 95945
So far, two air local tankers, air attack, and a helicopter are working on Lobo Fire. A Very Large Air Tanker (VLAT) recently arrived to also work on the fire.
Forward spread of McCourtney Fire has been stopped. Currently at 150 acres at 10% contained. Lobo Fire currently at 500 acres and 0% contained.
Our local transit, Gold Country Stage, is currently running all routes EXCEPT Penn Valley route 6 due to Lobo Fire. Gold Country Stage will continue to assess all routes as the day progresses.
Current School closures for:Nevada Union High School,Twin Ridges School,Sierra College and Child Care,Grass Valley School District,Penn Valley School District, Clear Creek closure due to a power outage.
Evacuation for the larger Lake Wildwood community. Area in the boarders of Pleasant Valley Drive, Bitney Springs Road, and Rough and Ready Highway. See updated map.
New evacuations for Lake Wildwood Drive to Lake Forest Drive. South Eastern area. Be careful and please take first responders directions.


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- 30 flash365 stories
- 30 days of NaNoWriMo novel writing (1,667 words a day)
- start work on the rewrites for my York Notes
- mark student work which will start arriving soon
- continue promoting National Flash Fiction Day including building a website and running a competition
- read the entries for the new edition of Word Gumbo and put the issue together
- pay a visit to Manchester at the end of the month to read at Bad Language
- submit stories, as per usual
- teach
- and finally, live
I'm starting to think I may be attempting to munch more than is possible.
So, I hear you ask, what am I going to do about it?
Well, there is one thing in there which is not November-critical. It's not what you might expect, though. It's my daily flash365 story.
You see, the promise for flash365 is to publish a story every day, not that it has to have been written on that day. And, I will be doing NaNo every day so it's not like I'll be taking a month off.
Also, the plan for November is a series of linked stories all set in the same location at the same time. As such, it would be great to write them all before the first is posted, then there can be forward links as well as backwards ones.
So, there's my plan. I'm going to try and write 38 flash fictions in 8 days. It sounds insane, I know, but if I can do it then November has a chance to become that little more manageable.
Okay, off I go. Wish me luck!


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ASSAF letter regarding DHET accreditation of SciELO SA..
This journal is DHET Accredited. Recent DHET and SciELO SA communication clarified.
We are thrilled to launch our new journal website, which provides additional functionality and visual enhancements.
Reformed Theological College of the Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa, at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Pretoria
Society for Practical Theology in South Africa
Where else should one start a prelude than with a book of beginnings, from Genesis, and particularly the genesis of the first city (archē-polis), in Genesis 4? Or maybe Genesis 4 is the story of the building of cities in general, and therefore tells one something of all human construction? The origin of our world is the face of the other2 (Derrida 1978:128), Derrida argues. It is the confrontation with the other that is the origin of the world. It is the experience and the desire to understand otherness that wants to be expressed or communicated to another that reveals a world. The world is revealed to the one (same) as the other(ness) is included within the same, and thereby the otherness of the other is destroyed as it becomes part of the world of the one. Therefore, the experience of the other is always marked by violence, as the story of Cain and Abel tells it. This violence leaves a mark or a trace that cannot be erased, as Cain is left with a mark, or a trace. It is the mark of violence remembered, and the haunting divine question: Where is your brother? Yet this mark is not only the mark of the persistent divine question, but it is also a trace of grace that offers Cain the necessary protection, by curbing the unbearableness3 of the divine question (see Meylahn 2009:22). It is therefore a gracious mark or trace that offers enough grace to build the first city. Yet that first city is built in the land of wandering (Nod). It is in the land of Nod, a land where there is no home, or stability, or certainty, where all foundations are questioned by the divine question: Where is your brother? It is this land of wandering that becomes the place for the first human construction for life together (polis), and it was constructed (built) in a non-place (Nod) through the trace of grace.
A world, a place to live together, a polis is built by this trace as grace, as a threatened yet created space, and it continues to be threatened yet also sustained by the encounter with the other. The creation of this vulnerable space for life together will be further explored.
A world with a particular character, which offers a space to be to all the identifiable things of that particular world, is created through language (Heidegger 1971:200f.), as language is the medium for the encounter with the other. Language is the pharmakon (Derrida 1981:99f.) that makes both the encounter possible and impossible.
The Genesis story tells the reader something of the character or characteristics of this medium within which to encounter the other, which is also the medium in which to be (house of being) or live, such as the first city, as the place of human life together. This medium or place of being (polis) is not a natural habitat as it is a creation (poiesis) or construction of a place (Cain was building the first city when his child was born), but, it is as natural as you will ever find, as it is the house of being and there is nothing outside of this polis4. There is no nature outside of construction, there is only One, the house of being, or one could say the city of being (polis). This city of being is marked by violence and grace. A world, created by the encounter with the other, is a world created in a land of continuous wandering (a land of Nod), of restlessness, as the divine question haunts any possible ground that would seek to arrest the wandering5. The ground, the foundation that would stabilise this world and give it permanence and absolute universal status, is haunted by the blood of the other, by the violence of exclusion. Yet there was grace enough to build a city. The mark of Cain, the trace of Cain, is a gift of grace. Language as gift (grace), pharmakon, medicine enough to remedy the violence committed (the sin that Cain could not refuse) to build a city. That city (human construction) remains haunted by the mark or trace of Cain. A space of grace is created (built) in the desert of the Real (land of Nod) for human habitation, and it has the same name as the first child, Enoch.
Thus, the first city we read of in Genesis was a city of grace, constructed in the land of Nod as a place of new-beginnings for the marked and ruined Cain.
The first polis was built as a gracious space to live in, where the divine question was graciously curbed: the ground (foundation) continues to cry out to the Lord, as the space is marked (ruined) by that question, but being marked is also protected. The first polis was the first construction to find a way to live together and was, thus, a first politics. What happens when the divine question is forgotten in the politics of the polis? What happens when the poison (Gift) of the gift (pharmakon) is forgotten? What happens when the polis is seen as a deserved gift? Then a city will be built 'to make a name for ourselves', as the polis seeks to become absolute; it seeks to become foundational and universal and to ignore that it is built in the land of wandering. It becomes so sure of itself that it ignores or forgets the haunting of the divine question. The divine question is no longer heard as the ground from which the question arises has been solidified (solid as a rock) and the ears have become deaf to the cries of the murdered other(s) and the hearts have turned to stone (Mt 13:15). The space of marked grace has been replaced with a captured absolute Word. The land of Nod (wandering) has been replaced with something stable and sure. There is no wandering nor wondering as all is begriffen in a Begriff. The space of grace is replaced with the totality of a concept, the power of the concept which includes everything and brings everything under its control. Everything can be included into the same via a third term, namely a concept thought (see Levinas 1969:42). A believed neutral concept thought, Word (Begriff), with which all that is other can be begriffen (captured, grasped or grabbed). This is a way of reducing any otherness to the same of the totality of a system of thought (Levinas 1969:158–159) based on a thought concept, and then the cry of the other can no longer be heard, as the other, in his or her or its otherness, has been reduced to the same and included within the totality.
A thought concept upon which everything is thought, but which itself is not thought, is that upon which things are thought and meaning is discovered, but which itself is not thought, as it is believed to be given (natural or the way things are). Heidegger argues: meaning is that 'in which the intelligibility of something keeps itself, without coming into view explicitly and thematically' (Heidegger 1996:298). This thought concept upon which all is thought is a Holy Word (as it is believed to be the way things are or the way God created things), which is taken for granted and that gives meaning and purpose to everything and allows the world to become self-conscious (see Berger 1967:32). Berger (1967) describes religion as follows:
Finally the highly theoretical constructions by which the nomos of a society is legitimated in toto in which all less-than-total legitimations are theoretically integrated in an all-embracing Weltanschauung. (p. 32)
This Holy Word is placed into a golden Ark in the holy of holies in the temple (see 1 Ki 8). The temple and the city built around this Holy Word are defined by it, as the city is divided into spaces of purity and worthiness, which are allocated around this Word. The most holy of places only the purest and purified are worthy enough to enter. The space around this most Holy Word in the Ark is divided into concentric circles of diminishing purity and worthiness and therefore, circles of judgement and exclusion. This Word or thought concept gives those who wield it the power to divide the world into pure-impure, worthy-unworthy, acceptable-unacceptable, included-excluded, good-bad, right-wrong and righteous-unrighteous. This Word gives power to judge and thereby also to exclude and even annihilate, without being haunted by the divine question, because it is done in the name of a divine Word and, therefore, gives licence to kill in the name of the Word.
The city is divided into those who are friends (same or pure or worthy or welcome) and those who are enemies (other or impure or unworthy or unwelcome). The city is no longer built in the land of Nod by the trace of grace, but built on a solid foundation of the Word that is begriffen in an Ark and is expressed in the ar(k)chitecture of the city. Later in history this Word will become the word of a king, or the Word captured in an ideological handbook, or in the constitution that builds or constructs the absolute secure solid city; a word or concept thought or an ideology that rules the city with the totalitarian force of an absolute truth. These cities are holy cities, built not by a trace of grace, but built on the truth of their founding Word (concept thought). In these cities the other is excluded or excluded by being reduced to the same.
The question arises: Can cities truly welcome the other, to allow the other to feel at home, and by feeling at home become host in the host city? Can the city allow the other to enter as guest and become the host, that is, truly feel free and at home to the extent that they feel free to welcome others (become host)? Is it possible to fulfil the:
Great Law of Hospitality – an unconditional Law, both singular and universal, which ordered that the borders be open to everyone, to every other, to all who might come, without question or without their even having to identify who they are or whence they came. (Derrida 2001:18)
This brings one to the radical hospitality of Paul's thought that includes all into the household of God unconditionally, by grace alone, through Christ alone. This universal hospitality is impossible and therefore, throughout the Western traditions, conditions have been applied to limit the universal unconditional law of hospitality.
These questions of limitation return one to the beginning (Genesis), and the archē-violence or the sin that could not be mastered (Gn 4:7–8). This was a sin that could not be mastered as the other was threatening the identity of the same. The identity of the firstborn (Cain) was threatened by this brother (Abel)7. The identity of the same (ipse) is established by this dual moment of welcoming the other as well as limiting the power of the other. 'The nomad of home has to be hospitable in order to be ipse, itself at home, habitable at-home in the relation of the self to itself' (Derrida 2000:61). Cain can only be identified as firstborn if there is the brother, who is the secondborn (Abel). In other words, Cain's identity as the firstborn is dependent on the brother, but at the same time threatened by the brother. The story continues by exploring the threat to the identity of the firstborn by the secondborn. Abel's sacrifice is acceptable to God and therefore the privileges and rights of the firstborn (his identity as firstborn) were questioned by the presence and the acceptance of the secondborn's sacrifice. It is this inherent violence of the presence of the brother that threatens the identity of the same. It is this inherent violence to the identity that needs to be limited by placing conditions of welcome on the other.
The moment one focuses on the limitation or conditions of welcome offered to the other (limitations on hospitality), one forgets that the identity of the same (subject) is only established in relation to the other8, in relation to the question of the other. Identity is established in relation to the question of the other (foreigner), as identity of the same is only established in relation to the hospitality offered to the other. That is to say, that identity is always a question of the foreigner (other). This is unavoidable that the 'I' (something identifiable, something with an identity) can only become an 'I' in relation to the existence and the welcome offered or not offered to the other. Or stated differently, the home only becomes a home (oikos) in relation to the presence and welcome offered to an actual or potential guest9.
It is a matter of limiting the power of the other (guest), whilst welcoming the other into the home to ensure that the home can become what it is: a place in which to be host and thereby offer welcome to a guest. A home is a place to be at home and potentially or actually offer welcome to a guest. It is through the other (guest) that I enter my home and become host of my home. Therefore it is the other who actually welcomes me into my home, to ensure that it can be argued that the other actually is the host, who welcomes me into my home. That is the strange relationship that one has with the other (guest), a sin that one cannot master, as the other questions and identifies me at the same time. It is this questioning that disturbs one so much, resulting in one wanting to murder the other, yet this other is the one who says: Thou shall not kill!10 The questioning other is simultaneously also the one who identifies me as neighbour, brother or host, who shall not kill, and thus gifts me with my identity. It is in this sense that Derrida can speak of the similarity resemblance between the face of the other and the face of God (Derrida 1978:135).
This is the relationship between the first- and secondborn, but what about the other others? The guest (other) cannot become host, because there always remains a third, another other and the list of others to come is limitless. It is both the third, in the form of another guest seeking hospitality, as well as a third as another host. It is because of the third, as Levinas argues, that there is the necessity of politics11. It is because of the third, the other other, that we need to compare, weigh and evaluate. It is because of the presence of other others that politics becomes necessary for the building of the city – the building of the city eternally marked, and thus identified, by the question (presence) of the other(s). Politics is the art of evaluating, comparing and weighing in relation to the other.
Carl Schmitt defines politics as the necessity of clearly defining the identity of enemy and friend12. Although this might be an oversimplification of Schmitt's argument, I want to hold onto the idea of the practical necessity of this distinction for the practice of politics in Schmitt's thought. Clearly defining who is welcome, and under what conditions they are welcome, is the art of politics. Therefore cities do not truly offer hospitality to the other, as all hospitality is conditional. This becomes so blatantly clear in most cities, where they might provide shelters for the 'other' (homeless, refugee, migrants), but 'welcome' into these shelters is offered only to those who comply with all the conditions of acceptance13. Nobody is accepted unconditionally! The cities of refuge that Derrida imagines are different and alternative, although they are not utopian14 whilst remaining focused on the messianic. His thoughts are not utopian (no-place), rather his thoughts on the other are what gifts place. It is the welcome offered to the other that creates the very place where the welcome to the other is offered (it is the other who creates the home into which she herself seeks welcome) to the one who has no place (no home and no place to lay his head [Lk 9:58]).
Is there a way beyond the ruined city as the foundations of the fathers (the concept thoughts) have been questioned by the arch-violence of the other, the violence of the divine question that disturbs the concept thought with the question: where is your brother?
These are cities of ruins, resulting from too much violence: the violence of both religious or ideological cities and their violent exclusions, or of broken promises as hospitality offered could not be offered without limitations and conditions.
The prayed for city is a city to come, and as city of the future it is a city of the child. It is not a utopian city, but a city already present, like the child is already present, but as a city of the child it is a city of perhaps16. The idea of the city of the child is used as a metaphor for the city to come. The city of the future is the city that belongs to the child, as children are often seen as citizen to come, but they are not only to come, they are already present. Therefore the idea of the child plays in well with both the idea of the philosophers to come, but who are already here, as well as Nietzsche's last Verwandelung into the child (Nietzsche 2000).
The city of the child is perhaps, without any certainties or guarantees, a city of justice and democracy to come beyond these ruins. A city of the child is the city of the future and the continuous expectation of the messianic to come: a city of a new justice and a new politics17 to come. It is a new politics and a new justice that is not utopian, but that comes from the other who is without place (u-topia), but who is coming (arrivants), whilst already being there. Who are the others coming, yet who are already there: the messiah, the child? The child is the citizen of the future, yet already there, as the child is without a political space (without political rights). It is the prayer for the other (child or messiah), who has no place to lay his head, to come on, to rise up in the city's midst so as to create (poiesis) perhaps a new city: a polis and politics of welcome. This is like a child imagining a different world, a make-believe world: a world made-of-faith-and-hope.
A new justice that is beyond good and evil:
… a justice that would at last break with sheer equivalence, with the equivalence of right and vengeance, of justice as principle of equivalence (right) and the law of eye for eye, an equivalence between the just, the equitable (gerecht), and the revenged (geracht) that Nietzschean genealogy has relentlessly recalled as the profound motivation of morality and of right of which we are the heirs. (Derrida 2005:64)
The question remains, what would equality mean without calculation? Could there be a politics or a city without calculation, without comparison, evaluating and weighing?
What kind of city would this be? Would this disappropriation not beckon to this other 'love' whose true name Nietzsche argues in conclusion, is friendship (Derrida 2005:64)? This species of love would be a love more loving than love. It would need to be a love that would denounce the right to property (Derrida 2005:64). It is a love that would not seek to possess the other, but allow the other to remain other. The true friend is the one who remains other (enemy) and thus the true friend is the enemy. Can one live with his or her ruin at the heart of the utterly new (see Derrida 2005:66)?
Can one live in a city of ruins, where true friends are enemies and enemies are friends?
If one proffers a yes to this 'principle of ruin, beyond knowledge and truth, precisely an empty place would be left – left by Nietzsche as we would perhaps like to read him: a place open for that which can perhaps still take place – by chance' (Derrida 2005:66). A city of perhaps, created in the empty space: the non-utopian city created in the empty space or non-space: u-topia. This can only be a city of faith and hope created by the mark of grace, there, where true friends are enemies and enemies are true friends in the eternal divine mark or trace, a city which echoes the question and the command: where is your brother, who is your neighbour, love your enemies! This would be a city of the future, a city of perhaps, a city that is always to come, and therefore a messianic city of the child. A city always to come that is already coming.
Nietzsche (2000), in Also sprach Zarathustra, refers to the last Verwandlung into the child18. A child dreams her fantasy world, a make-believe-world, knowing it is not real, but real enough to be in for as long as she can. She knows that it is not eternal and that it is not of this world, but of the world to come, as it is of the future. It is a city of poets and therefore poieslitics, where the philosophers are not kings19 (Plato), but those who were thrown out of the city, namely the poets20. Poieslitics are made of the two words, politics and poiesis, and therefore it suggests a politics of imagination, a politics of poetry, creating the make-believe21, or a politics of faith and hope. Poieslitics is creating a vulnerability or sensitivity to the eternal cry of the excluded other, whose blood cries from any attempted construction of a stable ground. These are cities of composition, construction, creation, or as Bruno Latour (2003:42ff.) would argue, cities of constructivism where one constructs, supports and strengthens the constructions that work. Or one works with that which is historically present, knowing that it is not perfect, but in need of always being opened to welcome what is to come22. This is a kind of politics, but not based on a concept thought, nor based on the clear distinction between enemies and friends, but a city where the distinction has faded between both enemies and friends, and a non-community community. It is a city of philosophers (poets) to come, but who are already here because they are thought. They are to come and yet they are here – composing, building, creating (poets) and thereby welcoming the cities to come. Cities are undone (ruined) by offering a welcome to the other, and in their offered welcome are redone (rebuilt and re-created) as cities of welcome. In that sense, they will be cities of democracy to come and cities of justice to come, as these cities seek to offer those without place a place – which is not a conditional place, but by offering a place or space to the other, the very space of the city is defined as a space of welcome. These cities of welcome are cities of justice and democracy to come. Democracy is understood as democracy to come, and is therefore not any current form of democracy which is failing in many ways within the capitalist world. A democracy to come keeps alive the idea of creating space for multiple voices, especially the voices of those not heard before. There is always another other and therefore these cities are always cities to come, cities that like Nietzsche's child, proclaim a yes, ein heiliges Ja-sagen. Ja, zum spiele des Schaffens (Nietzsche 2000), yes to the game of creating spaces of welcome to the other as she or he or it comes as homeless, as refugee, as enemy, as animal, as plant, etcetera. In that play of creating (Schaffens), a city is created as a city to come, welcoming the other and whatever else is still to come.
Derrida, J., 1978, 'Violence and metaphysics: An essay on the thought of Emmanuel Levinas', in Writing and difference, pp. 97–192, Routledge, London.
Derrida, J., 1981, 'Plato's Pharmacy', in Dissemination, transl. B. Johnson, pp. 69–186, Continuum, New York.
Derrida, J., 1997, Of grammatology, transl. G.C. Spivak, John Hopkins Press, Baltimore.
Derrida, J., 2000, Of hospitality: Anne Dufourmantelle invites Jacques Derrida to respond, transl. R. Bowlby, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Derrida, J., 2001, On Cosmopolitism and Forgiveness, transl. M. Dooley & M. Hughes, Routledge Thinking in action series, London.
Derrida, J., 2005, The politics of friendship, transl. G. Collins, Verso Radical Thinkers, London.
Heidegger, M., 1971, Poetry, language, thought , transl. A. Hofstadter, Harper & Row, New York.
Heidegger, M., 1996, Being and time: A translation of Sein und Zeit, transl. J. Stambaugh, State University of New York Press, New York.
Kidner, D., 1971, Genesis: An introduction and commentary, Tyndale Press, London. (Tyndale Old Testament commentaries).
Latour, B., 2003, 'The Promises of constructivism', in D. Ihde (ed.) Chasing technology: Matrix of materiality, pp. 27−46, Indiana University Press, Bloomington. (Indiana Series for the philosophy of science).
Levinas, E., 1969, Totality and infinity: An essay on exteriority, transl. A. Lingis, Duquesne University Press, Pittsburgh.
Levinas, E., 2000, God, death, and time, transl. B. Bergo, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Meylahn, J.-A., 2009, Being thought from beyond our borders: Towards ethical global citizenship', Verbum et Ecclesia
30(2), Art. #56, 6 pages. http://dx.doi.org10.4102/ve.v30i2.56
Nietzsche, F.W., 2000, Also sprach Zarathustra
, e-book, Projekt Gutenberg, January 2014, viewed from http://www.gutenberg2000.de/nietzsche/zara.also.htm
Plato, n.d., The Republic, transl. B. Jowett, Kindle version, Public domain.
Schmitt, C., 1976, The Concept of the political, transl. G. Schwab, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswich.
Springsteen, B., 2002, 'My city of ruins', in The Rising, audio CD, Columbia Records, New York. Track #15.
2.'…the face [cry/question of the other] is not of this world. It is the origin of the world' (Derrida 1978:128).
3.'13Cain said to the Lord, "My punishment is more than I can bear. 14Today you are driving me from the land, and I will be hidden from your presence; I will be a restless wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me". 15But the Lord said to him, "Not so; if anyone kills Cain, he will suffer vengeance seven times over". Then the Lord put a mark on Cain so that no one who found him would kill him' (Gn 4:9−15, NIV).
4.In reference to Derrida's Of Grammatology, where he argues that 'there is nothing outside the text [there is no outside-text; il n'y a pas de hors'-texte] (Derrida 1997:158). Derrida also argues that language is the supplement of nature, but this supplement is neither in nor outside of nature (Derrida 1997:149). It is the house of being and therefore it is nature and therefore moving beyond the nature-culture dualism or natural-construction dualism.
5.'9Then the Lord said to Cain, "Where is your brother Abel?" "I don't know", he replied, "Am I my brother's keeper?" 10The Lord said, "What have you done? Listen! Your brother's blood cries out to me from the ground. 11Now you are under a curse and driven from the ground, which opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand. 12When you work the ground, it will no longer yield its crops for you. You will be a restless wanderer on the earth". 13Cain said to the Lord, "My punishment is more than I can bear. 14Today you are driving me from the land, and I will be hidden from your presence; I will be a restless wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me". 15But the Lord said to him, "Not so; if anyone kills Cain, he will suffer vengeance seven times over". Then the Lord put a mark on Cain so that no one who found him would kill him' (Gn 4:9−15, NIV).
6.'1Then the Lord said to Joshua: 2 "Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge, as I instructed you through Moses, 3 so that anyone who kills a person accidentally and unintentionally may flee there and find protection from the avenger of blood. 4 When they flee to one of these cities, they are to stand in the entrance of the city gate and state their case before the elders of that city. Then the elders are to admit the fugitive into their city and provide a place to live among them. 5 If the avenger of blood comes in pursuit, the elders must not surrender the fugitive, because the fugitive killed their neighbor unintentionally and without malice aforethought. 6 They are to stay in that city until they have stood trial before the assembly and until the death of the high priest who is serving at that time. Then they may go back to their own home in the town from which they fled." 7 So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah. 8 East of the Jordan (on the other side from Jericho) they designated Bezer in the wilderness on the plateau in the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead in the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan in the tribe of Manasseh. 9 Any of the Israelites or any foreigner residing among them who killed someone accidentally could flee to these designated cities and not be killed by the avenger of blood prior to standing trial before the assembly' (Jos 20:1−9, NIV).
7.'Adam and Eve had two children, Cain and Abel. Cain sounds like the Hebrew for "brought forth" or "acquired", which means, to come into possession. Cain is the firstborn, the one brought forth, the one who came into possession or into presence. Abel, whose name means "breath" or "vanity" (Kidner 1971:74), is the second born. He is an afterthought, the shadow of his twin brother Cain, 4 only the breath after the one brought forth' (Meylahn 2009:2 of 6).
8.'The subject – the famous subject resting upon itself – is unseated by the other [autrui], by a wordless exigency or accusation, and one to which I cannot respond with words, but for which I cannot deny my responsibility. The position of the subject is already his deposition. To be me (and not I [Moi]) is not perseverance in one's being, but the substitution of the hostage expiating to the limit for the persecution it suffered' (Levinas 2000:181).
9.'The guest (hôte) becomes the host (hôte) of the host (hôte). These substitutions make everyone into everyone else's hostage. Such are the laws of hospitality. Now the impossibility of that "at the same time" is at the same time what happens. … One takes without taking. The guest takes and receives, but without taking. … We thus enter from the inside: the master of the house is at home, but nonetheless he comes to enter his home through the guest – who comes from outside. … The master thus enters from the inside as if he came from the outside. He enters his home thanks to the visitor, by the grace of the visitor' (Derrida 2000:125).
10.'The Other is the only being who I may wish to kill, but the only one, also, who orders that "thou shall commit no murders," and thus absolutely limits my powers. Not by opposing me with another force in the world, but by speaking to me, and by looking at me from an other origin of the world, from that which no finite power can restrict: the strange, unthinkable notion of unreal resistance' (Derrida 1978:130).
11.'Through the fact that the other [l'autre] is also a third part [tiers], in relation to an other who is also his neighbour (in society, one is never two but at least three), through the fact that I find myself before the neighbour and the third party, I must compare; I must weigh and evaluate' (Levinas 2000:182–183).
12.'The specific political distinction, to which political actions and notions can be reduced, is the distinction between friend and enemy' (Schmitt 1976:26).
13.Derrida, reflecting on the French situation, argues: 'Both to the right and to the left, French politicians speak of "the control of immigration:. This forms part of the compulsory rhetoric of electoral programmes. Now, as Luc Legoux notes, the expression "immigration control" means that asylum will be granted only to those who cannot expect the slightest economic benefit upon immigration. The absurdity of this condition is manifestly apparent: how can a purely political refugee claim to have been truly welcomed into a new settlement without that entailing some form of economic gain?' (Derrida 2001:12).
14.Although he argues in his address to the International Parliament of Writers (IPW) that his politics for the cities of refuge might 'appear utopian for a thousand reasons' (Derrida 2001:8).
15.Springsteen wrote this song in response to the 9/11 attack on New York. I will not be doing an exegesis of the song nor of its political context, but will select some of the words as material. My city of ruins: 'There's a blood red circle − On the cold dark ground − And the rain is falling down -The church door's thrown open - I can hear the organ's song − But the congregation's gone − My city of ruins − My city (Footnote 15 continues ...) of ruins −
Now the sweet bells of mercy − Drift through the evening trees − Young men on the corner − Like scattered leaves, − The boarded up windows, − The empty streets − While my brother's down on his knees − My city of ruins
My city of ruins − Come on, rise up! Now there's tears on the pillow − Darlin' where we slept − And you took my heart when you left − Without your sweet kiss − My soul is lost, my friend − Tell me how do I begin again? − My city's in ruins − My city's in ruins - Now with these hands − With these hands, With these hands, − With these hands, I pray Lord − With these hands, With these hands, − I pray for the strength Lord − With these hands, With these hands, − I pray for the faith, Lord
With these hands, With these hands, − I pray for your love, Lord − With these hands, With these hands,
I pray for the strength, Lord − With these hands, With these hands, − I pray for your love, Lord
With these hands, With these hands, − I pray for your faith, Lord − With these hands, With these hands, − I pray for the strength, Lord − With these hands, With these hands − Come on, rise up − Come on, rise up.'
16.See Derrida's (2005:49−73) thoughts on 'perhaps'.
17.'With regard to democracy and with regard to justice? For we would be tempted to match Nietzsche's gesture, as we have just seen it in outline, to the call he seems to be making for another justice: the one soon to be within reach of the new philosophers – the arrivants – the one already within their reach, since these arrivants, who are still to come, are already coming' (Derrida 2005:64).
18.'Unschuld ist das Kind und Vergessen, ein Neubeginnen, ein Spiel, ein aus sich rollendes Rad, eine erste Bewegung, ein heiliges Ja-sagen. Ja, zum spiele des Schaffens, meine Brüder, bedarf es eines Heiligen Ja-sagens: seinen Willen will nun der Geist, seine Welt gewinnt sich der Weltverlorene' (Nietzsche 2000).
19.Plato, in The Republic, argues that philosophers should be kings, 'I said: "Until philosophers are kings, or the kings and princes of this world have the spirit and power of philosophy, and political greatness and wisdom meet in one, and those commoner natures who pursue either to the exclusion of the other are compelled to stand aside, cities will never have rest from their evils,—nor the human race, as I believe,—and then only will this our State have a possibility of life and behold the light of day"' (Plato, The Republic Book V). Plato (2012−05−12). The Republic (p. 308), Kindle Edition.
20.The expulsion of the poets in Book V of Plato's Republic.
21.Creating the make-believe, the 'as if', or the awareness that all that is created is make-believe and not eternal or absolute.
22.'All these questions remain obscure and difficult and we must neither conceal them from ourselves, nor for a moment, imagine ourselves to have mastered them. It is a question of knowing how to transform and improve the law, and of the knowing if this improvement is possible within an historical space which takes place between the Law of an unconditional hospitality, offered a priori to every other, to all newcomers, whoever they may be, and the conditional laws of a right to hospitality, without which The unconditional Law of hospitality would be in danger of remaining a pious and irresponsible desire, without form and without potency, and of even being perverted at any moment' (Derrida 2001:22−23).
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Strictly Come Dancing pro Brendan Cole has revealed he was forced to rush to hospital with a lung infection hours before tonight's show
Strictly Come Dancing professional dancer Brendan Cole, who is partnering singer Anastacia in this year's competition, has been treated in hospital for a lung infection but says he has been cleared to perform tonight, although he might be "coughing and spluttering" during the pair's rumba.
In a series of posts on Twitter, the professional dancer said he had to go to hospital as he was having breathing difficulties.
Brendan praised the care he had received as "incredible".
Anastacia has suffered from her own injury woes during the series. She tore scar tissue from a double mastectomy in 2013 during training and was forced to sit out the bottom two dance-off in week two.
The pair will be dancing the rumba to The Way We Were by Barbra Streisand in Saturday night's show.
Strictly Come Dancing continues tonight on BBC1, 6.30pm.


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There are thousands of production platforms off the coast of Louisiana as the state and areas surrounding the Gulf of Mexico enter a boom in oil production unseen in recent years. This is unexpected, considering how oil prices continue to plunge as supply exceeds demand. Experts say investment projections in oil and gas production infrastructure is in decades rather than years, and if a project is underway, it is hard to pull back.
However, watchdogs maintain that state and federal laws confer too much self-policing to oil and gas companies, especially over safety regulations on offshore rigs. There was intense pressure on regulators to do their jobs following the devastating 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion, but that was almost five years ago. Oil and gas companies and their affiliates are again largely on their own, as predictably as the tide turns. With only 99 inspectors policing about 4,000 offshore rigs, it is perhaps not surprising.
The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement reports that offshore accidents are on the decline, with 226 injuries reported in 2014. This is half of what it was in 2007. Nevertheless, some if not all of these 226 injuries may have been preventable if oil and gas companies invested more of their profits in safety measures.
According to the website of Houston personal injury accident lawyers of the Mokaram Law Firm, negligent employers are liable for serious injuries and fatalities that happen in offshore platforms. This is little enough comfort for the injured and survivors of a worker who gets killed, such as the 24-year-old Turnkey Cleaning Services who died while doing maintenance work on a dormant rig just off South Pass. Three other workers were injured.
If you sustained serious injuries in an offshore accident, it is your right to get compensation. Consult with a personal injury lawyer experienced in dealing with oil and gas companies to find out your legal options.


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White screen on iPod
Does the fact that the iPod is detected by iTunes indicates that the mainboard is fine ?
I have the same problem and I think my iPod has taken too much heat this summer ... but no liquid that I know of ..
So I plan to try to change the LCD screen but I would'nt like to buy an LCD screen if in fact it's the motherboard -- especially because it's out of stock.
So, since my iPod is recognized by windows and iTunes the question is: can I consider my iPod's motherboard fine ?
Is dit een goede vraag?
Hey Hi,
I received the display and replaced it and the ipod does not work better -- so could that be the logic board: I guess there's not many other options ...
My problem is there is no logic board in stock -- what's the solution ?
eriam, I do feel bad about having suggested that you get a new display. I am pretty surprised about that since I have not yet come across a working logic board with a bad video processor, but I guess anything is possible. Your device is listed as a iPod Classic, can you give me more info on your iPod so that I at least can help you find a new logic board. Sure you checked your connections etc.? ;-)
I checked the connections and it works :)
The screen connection is especially delicate to put on imo.
Thanks anyways -- the ipod works fine now.
Yes it is and glad you got it working. Best of luck to you....


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1 in stockCompare
Product Description
A special collaboration between Creature Skateboards and Catch Surf; creating the first skateboard of surfboards!
- Creature edition Beater logo and skate-inspired placement on deck.
- Signature Creature "Stained" graphic on bottom.
- Available in Finless and Twin Fin models only.
EPIC SUMMER BEACH DAYS… THE BEATER IS ALL ABOUT FUN! Created by the freaks at Catch Surf, the Beater Original is destined to take over the world. It is the original all-purpose, fully-customizable shred stick! Surf it with or without fins, bodyboard or skim it; do whatever the heck you want. The Beater can turn an average beach day into an epic tale of radness! Now shred.
Features a strong, light-weight and water-resistant core with dual (x2) maple-ply wood stringers and high density bottom to make it the stiffest most durable Beater ever made! Available in all-new colors. Single-Fin model comes with 4.5″ raked fin and the twin-fin comes with 3.5″ keel fins.
54â? (4â??6″) x 20â? x 2.5â? (30 Liters)
- All-purpose, customizable shred stick!
- Fun for all skill levels! And can take a Beating!
- Tapered D-rails and twin-channel crescent tail for finless performance.
- Dual-composite core with twin maple-wood stringers.
- Old-School 8lb PE deck and impact resistant HDPE slick skin.
- Pop-thru leash plug at tail.
- Soft pop-thru removable fins (single and twin fin models only).
- Hi-Performance fin system with Beater PRO model Keel fins.
- Requires surf wax for grip.
- Designed in California, U.S.A. by Catch Surf.


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A "callous" Worksop woman who targeted an elderly man before taking over his property and using it as a place to weigh and bag up drugs has been slapped with an ASBI.
Joanne Smith, aged 41, of NFA, is now forbidden from contacting the pensioner or entering certain parts of Manton due to the the Anti-Social Behaviour Injunction, which will remain in force until February 2017.
Mansfield Magistrates' Court heard that Smith befriended the elderly resident and moved herself into his home, using the property to weigh out and bag up drugs, as well as locking the pensioner in his own house on several occasions.
The court also heard how the complainant noticed items were going missing from his property, including £1,200 in cash over a period of five weeks.
Don Spittlehouse, managing director of A1 Housing said:"We have pursued this callous individual through the courts, and she is now banned from contacting our tenant or entering this area of Worksop.
"This is a distressing case, with an elderly tenant being targeted and taken advantage of.
"We will not tolerate this type of behaviour and I am pleased there is a power of arrest attached to this order."
Councillor Julie Leigh, cabinet member for Neighbourhoods at Bassetlaw District Council, said:"Nobody should have to live in fear or feel unsafe in their own home.
"We all need to look out for our neighbours. If anybody has concerns over people's welfareor criminal activity then please report it to A1 Housing, the council or the police."
Smith was also ordered to pay £878.60 Bassetlaw District Council to cover the cost of the application.
She is banned from entering Talbot Road, Tenby Grove, Howard Street and Shrewsbury Road in Manton.
If Smith breaches the order she will be arested and could be sent to prison for up to two years.
Anyone who sees her in these areas should contact Nottinghamshire Police on 101.


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In our Shavuos liturgy, we refer to Shavuos as, "Zman matan Toroseinu – The season of the giving of the Torah." We also express the wish to people, "You should be mkabeil, accept, the Torah with ahava, love." This is confusing! Are we not already learning before Shavuos? Aren't we studying the same Daf Hayomi on Erev Shavuos as on Shavuos itself? What exactly are we doing extra on Shavuos?
Obviously, Shavuos, the anniversary of the giving of the Torah, is a time to reevaluate our commitment to the Torah and strengthen our efforts and dedication to this most important pursuit of our lives. In this way, Shavuos is very similar to a wedding anniversary when we rededicate ourselves to pay more attention to our mate.
We might start with an examination of our kvias itim l'Torah, our fixed study times for learning. The Gemora in Shabbos [40a] teaches us that when we go up to heaven, Hashem will ask us initially four basic questions. Did we do business with integrity? Did we make fixed times for our Torah study? Did we try to have a family? Did we hope for Mashiach? The Gemora is forewarning us that we will have to answer to Hashem whether we built fixed study times into our daily regimen. We will not be able to answer I thought that was only when I was in school. Nor will we be able to wiggle out of it by saying I had a family I had to work, etc. Every Jewish male is expected to have fixed study periods daily. Going to a shiur once or twice a week just doesn't cut it. Kvias itim means fixing a regular study period that is carved out in the daily budget. Many people, serious about this important concern do it early in the morning, before davening, when there are no outside disturbances. Others who do not wake up easily set it right after davening, before they get busy with the vicissitudes of life. Yet others use a chunk of their lunch time for their daily dosage of learning.
However this is still not enough. Even if you have an hour Daf Yomi every morning, you still cannot answer in the affirmative to the Divine question, "Kavata itim l'Tora?" for the requirement is to have set study times once in the day and once in the night. As we are commanded, "V'hagisa bah yomam v'laila – You should meditate in the Torah both day and night." Some people try to cut corners by learning between mincha and maariv, thus straddling both day and night. But this is taking the cheap way out. We should reevaluate our daily budget of time and carve out from the daily 'pie' two nice slices of time, one in the day and one in the night, to spend doing that which we were created for. As we learn in the beginning of the Torah, "Breishis bara Elokim – In the beginning Hashem created," and Rashi explains, "Bishvil Torah shenikra reishis – Because of the Torah (we were created) which is called reishis."
Perhaps we might supplement our Daf Yomi with a daily regimen of reviewing the weekly parsha. Or we might complement our Mishna Yomis with a Dirshu schedule. Or we might add to our Chumash review, the study of our Tefillos or the learning of Tehillim. Perhaps a course of Mussar study might be added to our daily learning schedule. Listening to Torah tapes such as Rav Miller or Rav Reisman, or even Rav Weiss, can count in this equation. For some learning b'iyun, in depth, will light the fire of Torah in our lives.
One of the ways to galvanize our Torah output is to join a shiur, a lecture. Belonging to a group is a great way to ensure that you won't slack off. Furthermore, having a Rebbi will make it easier to learn when you are tired or preoccupied. The Rebbi will also stay after you that you shouldn't fall out. For some a chavrusa does wonders. For certain people, having to work out the learning instead of getting it spoon fed is very rewarding and helps them to remember it better. Usually a mixture of a shiur and a chavrusa is the best of both worlds.
Shavuos is also a good time to assess how we spend our time on Shabbos. Hashem gives us a neshoma ysaira, a souped-up soul on Shabbos. The Shl"a HaKadosh, zt"l, zy"a, says that we are given more soul on Shabbos so that the soul will overwhelm the body, its counterpart, and allow us to dedicate ourselves more to spiritual pursuits on Shabbos. We are also taught that Shabbos is the litmus test to determine whether we would really like to spend more time learning throughout the week. We will tell Hashem, after 120 years, that we didn't learn more during the week because we had to make a living. So Hashem tests us with Shabbos. If he sees that on Shabbos we learn more because we don't have to work, then are claim is accepted. But, if on Shabbos all we do is eat and sleep, then our weekday defense rings hollow.
May we utilize this Shavuos to jumpstart a revitalized career of daily Torah study. In that merit, may Hashem grant us a great Shavuos and Torah blessing for good health, happiness, and everything wonderful!
Sheldon Zeitlin takes dictation of, and edits, Rabbi Weiss' articles.
Rabbi Weiss is currently stepping-up his speaking engagements. To have him in your community call now 718.916.3100 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
To receive a weekly cassette tape or CD directly from Rabbi Weiss, please send a check to Rabbi Moshe Meir Weiss, P.O. Box 140726, Staten Island, NY 10314 or contact him at email@example.com.
Now back in print is a large size paperback edition of Power Bentching. His 12 cd album on Pirkei Avos is also available. To order call Rabbi Weiss at 718-916-3100 or email at above.
Attend Rabbi Weiss's weekly shiur at the Landau Shul, Avenue L and East 9th in Flatbush, Tuesday nights at 9:50 p.m.
Rabbi Weiss's Daf Yomi and Mishnah Yomis shiurim can be heard LIVE on Kol Haloshon at (718) 906-6400. Write to firstname.lastname@example.com for details. They can now also be seen on TorahAnyTime.com.
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Rhetoric vs Reality in the Mideast
By Mazin Qumsiyeh // Dateline: 4 June 2009
Obama speechifying in Cairo. The usual platitudes, with a new coat of paint.
[Mazin Qumsiyeh, a friend of Cyrano's Showcase in Palestine, sent us the following compilation of observations and analyses of President Obama's recent speeches and activities in the volatile, too-often tragic, Mideast. While reactions in the U.S. have mostly followed Obama's contrail of popularity–about 2/3 approving of his policies, in general–responses in the region reveal the sharp divides between Israelis and Arabs, Jews and Muslims. "Change we can believe in," becomes one more fiction, one more slogan, to both the oppressor and the oppressed. Is it not high time for deeds and actions to match the rhetoric of "respect" and "conciliation"? As it is written in the Talmud, If not now, when?–Gary Corseri, Editor.]
American propaganda notwithstanding, there's a wide gulf between the official rhetoric being dished out by Obama and the reality in the Mideast
Israeli occupation forces murdered our friend Aqel Srur (age 35) yesterday in the nonviolent demonstration in Ni'lin the day after many people showed excitement about Obama's "peace" speech without carefully analyzing it (see below).
Israelis get four-fifths of scarce West Bank water, says World Bank. Palestinians losing out in access to vital shared [sic] aquifer in the occupied territories
Obama's speech shows little real change. In most regards his analysis maintains flawed American policies. See:
Yet, and as is expected people who are 98% supportive of Israeli government policies will be attacked for not being 100% supportive (remember the Pope's visit?). So in this Video we see young people in Jerusalem express their opinions (this is not just revealing about Obama but about racism in general)
A Palestinian friend reacted to this footage thus: "Within the Palestinian Community, I can say that these attitudes translate into an evil apartheid system that has destroyed our communities and our livelihoods and that continues to perpetrate enormous violence on defenseless civilians. 80% of Israelis supported the recent bombing of Gaza, and that 80% support comes out of attitudes that are shown in this footage. These attitudes also explain how and why Avigdor Lieberman has risen to power in Israel today."
"The Israeli education ministry" worried about the few teachers who might (God forbid) let students know a tiny bit of the suffering of Palestinian:
Action: Break the siege: Schedule in Palestine (both sides of the green line)
Mazin Qumsiyeh, PhD, is "a Bedouin in cyberspace, a villager at home." His website is http://qumsiyeh.org.


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NISO Webinar: Fragmented Publishing: The Implications of Self-Publishing
June 11, 2014
1:00 p.m. - 2:30 p.m. (Eastern Time)
- About the Webinar
- Agenda & Event Slides
- Event Q&A
- Registration
Can't make it on the webinar day? Register now and gain access to the archive for one year.
- System Requirements:
- NISO has developed a quick tutorial, How to Participate in a NISO Web Event. Please view the recording, which is an overview of the web conferencing system and will help to answer the most commonly asked questions regarding participating in an online Webex event.
- You will need a computer for the presentation and Q&A.
- Audio is available through the computer (broadcast) and by telephone. We recommend you have a set-up for telephone audio as back-up even if you plan to use the broadcast audio as the voice over Internet isn't always 100% reliable.
- Please check your system in advance to make sure it meets the Cisco WebEx requirements. It is your responsibility to ensure that your system is properly set up before each webinar begins.
About the Webinar
In the six years from 2006 to 2012, the number of self-published books grew an astounding 270% to more than 235,000, almost as many as were published "traditionally." The easy access to publication tools and distribution mechanisms has ushered in a new era of how content is created and disseminated. No longer do authors need to work through a publisher to have their content accepted, processed, and distributed. The impacts of this revolution in publishing extend well beyond what used to be called "vanity publishing." A variety of best-selling books in recent years have come out from successful self-publishers sharing their tips on how others can follow in their footsteps.
How can publishers capitalize on this author independence? How do libraries incorporate self-published works into their acquisition processes? When there is no publisher reputation behind a title, how does a library or user separate the wheat from the chaff? This webinar will explore these issues and the impacts of the self-publishing movement on both publishers and libraries.
Nettie Lagace, Associate Director for Programs, NISO
When Authors Assume Their Own Risk
Laura Dawson, Product Manager for Identifiers, Bowker
Laura will cover the response of traditional publishers to the self-publishing phenomenon. She'll also look into how libraries regard self-published books (including curation issues). Additionally she will examine the use of standards (metadata, identifiers) in the self-publishing sector, as well as looking at some of the trends that Bowker has been seeing over the years.
Laura Dawson is Product Manager for Identifiers at Bowker. She never stops talking about identifiers, metadata, and book discovery. She has previously worked for Firebrand, Muze/Rovi, SirsiDynix and Barnes & Noble.com, among others. Her independent consulting clients in the publishing industry have included McGraw-Hill Higher Education, Cengage, Audible, Alibris, and many more. She is a frequent contributor on Bowker's SelfPublishedAuthor website blog.
Self-Publishing with Smashwords
Mark Coker, Founder, CEO and Chief Author Advocate, Smashwords
Mark Coker founded Smashwords in 2008 to change the way books are published, marketed and sold.
Mark is co-author along with his wife, Lesleyann, of Boob Tube, a novel that explores the behind-the-scenes world of daytime television soap operas. It was Mark's experience trying to get Boob Tube published that inspired him to start Smashwords. He believes Smashwords holds the promise to make publishing more enriching for authors, readers and publishers. Mark is also the author of The Smashwords Style Guide (how to format an ebook), The Smashwords Book Marketing Guide (how to market any book) and The Secrets to Ebook Publishing Success (best practices of the most commercially successful ebook authors).
In the six years since its launch, Smashwords has grown to become the leading ebook distributor serving indie authors, small presses and literary agents. Over 80,000 authors from around the world publish and distribute nearly 300,000 books at Smashwords.
In June 2010, The Wall Street Journal named Mark one of the "Eight Stars of Self-Publishing." In March 2012, MediaBistro named Mark one of the "Five Ebook Experts to Watch." In June 2012, Forbes profiled Mark in feature story titled, Apple's Biggest (Unknown) Supplier of E-Books. In both 2013 and 2014, Forbes Magazine named Smashwords one of America's Top 100 Most Promising Companies.
Helping Libraries Help Themselves: The Library Publishing Toolkit
Allison Brown, Editor & Production Manager, Milne Library, SUNY Geneseo
Allison will focus on the projects The Milne Library at SUNY Geneseo is working on as examples of publishing endeavors academic libraries are undertaking, with case studies of library publishing as highlighted in the The Library Publishing Toolkit, a project funded partially by Regional Bibliographic Databases and Interlibrary Resources Sharing Program funds which are administered and supported by the Rochester Regional Library Council. The toolkit is a united effort between Milne Library at SUNY Geneseo and the Monroe County Library System to identify trends in library publishing, seek out best practices to implement and support such programs, and share the best tools and resources.
Allison Brown is the Editor and Production Manager at the Milne Library at the State University of New York (SUNY), Geneseo. She received her MFA in Creative Writing from Emerson College and has her Bachelor of Arts in English from Houghton College.
If paying by credit card, register online.
If paying by check, please use this PDF form.
Registration closes on June 11, 2014 at 12:00 p.m. (ET)
Registration Costs
- NISO Member
- $95.00 (US and Canada)
- $109.00 (International)
- NASIG Member
- $95.00
- Non-Member
- $125.00 (US and Canada)
- $149.00 (International)
- Student
- $49.00
Additional Information
- Registration closes at 12:00 p.m. (ET) on June 11, 2014. Cancellations made by June 4, 2013 will receive a refund, less a $25 cancellation. After that date, there are no refunds.
- Registrants will receive detailed instructions about accessing the webinar via e-mail the Monday prior to the event. (Anyone registering between Monday and the close of registration will receive the message shortly after the registration is received, within normal business hours.) Due to the widespread use of spam blockers, filters, out of office messages, etc., it is your responsibility to contact the NISO office if you do not receive login instructions before the start of the webinar.
- If you have not received your Login Instruction email by 10:00 a.m. (ET) on the Tuesday before the webinar, at please contact the NISO office or email Juliana Wood, Educational Programs Manager at email@example.com for immediate assistance.
- Registration is per site (access for one computer) and includes access to the online recorded archive of the webinar. You may have as many people as you like from the registrant's organization view the webinar from that one connection. If you need additional connections, you will need to enter a separate registration for each connection needed.
- If you are registering someone else from your organization, either use that person's e-mail address when registering or contact the NISO office to provide alternate contact information.
- Library Standards Alliance (LSA) members receive one free webinar connection as part of their membership and DO NOT need to register for the event for this free connection. Your webinar contact will receive the login instructions the Monday before the event. You may have as many people as you like from the member's library view the webinar from that one connection. If you need additional connections beyond the free one, then you will need to enter a paid registration (at the member rate) for each additional connection required.
- Webinar presentation slides and Q&A will be posted to the site following the live webinar.
- Registrants and LSA member webinar contacts will receive an e-mail message containing access information to the archived webinar recording within 48 hours after the event. This recording access is only to be used by the registrant's or member's organization.


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Workshop: Setting healthy goals for 2017
2:30-5:00pm Sunday 5 February Save the Children, 33 Lincoln Square South, Carlton (Victoria, Australia) Gather 2:30pm under the tree opposite in Lincoln Square for pre-session snacks and chats, workshop runs 3-5pm inside. There are probably many things you plan to do in 2017… but how do you plan to be? While it's great to have […]Read more


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Signs and Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure
With some exceptions, congestive heart failure is a condition that responds to treatment, but never goes away. It's also a hard disease to fully understand for the millions of Americans who are affected.
"Congestive heart failure develops when the heart becomes weak and does not beat strong enough to meet the body's needs," says Dr. Michael Zimring, internal medicine specialist at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland.
Heart failure affects millions in the U.S. and can develop after a heart attack or due to other causes, such as persistent untreated high blood pressure. Certain congenital heart defects or problems with heart valves can also lead to congestive heart failure, but most cases of heart failure relate to coronary artery disease.
There are different stages of heart failure, and many different symptoms may result, so patients and caregivers should have a good understanding of these symptoms, and a good dialog with their doctor's office, so that they know to seek medical attention when something arises.
Symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure
According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, typical symptoms of congestive heart failure include:
- Swelling in the feet, legs and ankles,
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
People with congestive heart failure also often have additional medical conditions, called comorbidities, which might have caused the heart failure to develop or may have occurred as a result of heart failure.
"In some instances, other conditions often go hand in hand with heart failure, such as coronary artery disease, kidney failure and pulmonary hypertension," says Zimring. "Those other conditions may also contribute to symptoms of congestive heart failure."
How is Congestive Heart Failure Diagnosed?
There is no single test for heart failure, so signs and symptoms and a detailed history are important in making the diagnosis. After a physical exam and medical history, there are several tests a doctor may order to make a diagnosis of congestive heart failure. A chest x-ray will often be ordered to determine the size and shape of the heart as well as fluid in the lungs, which can indicate congestive heart failure. In some cases, blood tests may indicate changes that are consistent with heart failure.
An EKG will also be performed. An EKG records the heart's rhythm or how the heart is beating while at rest. Your doctor will be able to determine abnormal heart rhythms, which may indicate past damage to the heart or an enlarged heart muscle, a sign of heart failure.
An echocardiogram, which uses sound waves to create a picture of the heart, may also be recommended to check the size and movement of the heart. Additional tests to help confirm a diagnosis may include an exercise stress test to determine abnormalities during exertion and an angiography, which detects blocked blood vessels.
Symptom Flare-up Prevention
Symptoms of congestive heart failure may vary in severity and frequency. "While the natural course of congestive heart failure is progressive, variations in daily life, such as diet, exercise, stress and environment can clearly change the symptoms and intensity of congestive heart failure from day to day," said internist Dr. Marc Leavey, Mercy Medical Center, Baltimore Maryland.
"The important lesson to prevent congestive heart failure symptoms would be control what can be controlled," says Leavey. "This may be one of the few times it's a good idea to sweat the small stuff. Pay attention to all the little things involved in daily living, which can affect congestive heart failure symptoms."
There are several things people with congestive heart failure can do in order to reduce symptom flare-ups. The American Heart Association recommends the following ways to prevent symptoms of congestive heart failure:
- Follow your doctor's recommendations regarding fluid intake,
- Quit smoking,
- Eat a healthy diet,
- Manage stress,
- Monitor your blood pressure, and
- Take medication as prescribed.
Next Steps
For Patients
People with congestive heart failure should take an active role in preventing symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease.
- "Be aware that congestive heart failure is a real disease, with real issues and symptoms, not just a side condition of heart disease," says Leavey.
- See your doctor on a regular schedule and follow his recommendations regarding medication and lifestyle changes.
"Don't be afraid to talk with your doctor about anything that is bothering you. No symptom, no question, no concern is too small to discuss," says Leavey.
For Family Caregivers
- Watch and be aware of any changes in your loved one's condition, changes that they may not see.
- Remind the person you're caring for to take prescribed medication and weigh in daily to track weight gain, which may be due to fluid buildup.
- Don't make every day be all about their condition. Living with congestive heart failure does require careful monitoring and following their doctor's recommendations. But congestive heart failure does not have to run your life. Encourage your loved one to live their life to the fullest.