text:
LST's, LVT's and Wet TCS-TBX1
The mission of seizing Roi and its airfield, had been assigned to the 23d Marines (reinforced), which was to land from within the lagoon across the south beaches (Red 2 and 3) of the flat, sandy island. Namur, to the east, was the objective of the 24th Marines (reinforced).
During the afternoon of D-Day, Marines of both regimental combat teams transferred from the transports, outside the lagoon, to the LST's from which (it had been planned) amphibian tractors would in turn run the assault waves into the lagoon and thence to the beaches.2 Meanwhile, both Admiral Conolly and General Schmidt had already seen the confusion incident to boating the IVAN Landing Group. They concluded that the only realistic course of action would be to move the LST's inside the lagoon and launch the morrow's assault amtracs from positions reasonably near the line of departure. Moreover, considering both the scattered location of many tractors, as well as their dwindling fuel supply, movement of the LST's would bring sources of support nearer the hard-pressed, dispersed vehicles of the 10th Amphibian Tractor Battalion.
The decision was not only wise, but the only one practicable under the circumstances. Elaborate arrangements had been blocked out in advance for the return of each amphibian tractor to its parent LST for refuelling and servicing. But nightfall found many tractors stranded inside the lagoon or hopelessly lost, groping through the blackout from hulk to hulk seeking the assigned "parent." Although a number of LST's took on board whatever wandering tractors approached, others, apparently straitjacketed by plan, not only refused to provide gasoline but even to receive LVT's which would inevitably sink unless fueled or immediately retrieved. At least six of the 23 tractors sunk during the operation were casualties to this unfortunate situation while the remaining losses were attributed to high surf, faulty bilge pumps, coral heads and miscellaneous damages.3
Thus on the morning of D-plus 1, as soon as daylight permitted, Admiral Conolly dispatched his LST's inside the lagoon, there to launch tractors of the yet-uncommitted 4th Amphibian Tractor Battalion.
While the boating situation developed, the northern portion of the atoll again felt the whiplash of carrier air strikes and the sledge hammer of ships' gunfire.
The planned hour for landings (W-Hour), to which all gunfire and air strikes were keyed, had been tentatively set in advance as 1000, and as late as 0822, Admiral Conolly so signaled in confirmation. Thus, commencing at first light, ships and aircraft began timing their final preparatory fires to this reference point in the schedule.
Before sunrise, the ships of Fire Support Unit Two, commanded by Rear Admiral Laurance T. DuBose with his flag in Santa Fe, had approached station west and southwest of Roi, and the early morning antisubmarine and combat air patrols from carriers Chenango and Essex were winging out. In the western fire-support area, LST's moving into the lagoon momentarily fouled the range for the bombardment-ships. But at 0710 bombardment commenced, chiming in with the deep-throated 14-inch salvos of the Tennessee, which at 0650 had already begun to pound southeast Roi and the blockhouse PAL4 which squatted on the spit between Roi and Namur.
LANDING CRAFT gather for the amphibious assault on Roi. (Navy photo.)
HEAVY SALVOS were fired on Roi before the Marines went ashore. (Navy photo.)
Division of the targets on Roi was proportioned to the batteries of the various ships. Maryland, with her 16-inch main battery, worked steadily along the south beaches, probing for the batteries and four blockhouses reported in that sector and on WENDY Point. Covering somewhat the same area, especially back of Red 3, the light cruiser Santa Fe dropped 6-inch shells on a blockhouse just west of Tokyo Pier.5 Another light cruiser, Biloxi, was at work on the northwest 5.5-inch batteries, as well as the neighboring blockhouses and pillboxes on the north shore. The heavy cruiser, Indianapolis, was responsible for Roi's west coast, firing 8-inch salvos about the blockhouses and pillboxes between the two western extremities of the shore. From within the lagoon, the destroyer Phelps commenced 5-inch fire on Beach Red 2.
Meanwhile, the 3d and 4th Battalions, 14th Marines, firing from Mellu and Ennuebing, had joined in the preparation.6 The 3d Battalion (75mm pack howitzers) shelled Beach Red 3, while the 4th Battalion (105mm howitzers) thickened the heavy naval gunfire on Red 2, to the west.
Fires and explosions were soon visible on Roi, adding smoke and flame to the pall of dust and debris. At 0919 a heavy explosion spouted up near the boundary between Red 2 and Red 3. A lowering sky combined with the smoke to obscure targets and hinder good air observation.
But even as the bombardment grew in volume and effectiveness, the boating situation gave increasing cause for concern. The 10th Amphibian Tractor Battalion with Company A, 11th Amphibian Tractor Battalion attached, had been employed on D-Day to land the 25th Marines on the five outlying islands seized that day. Now assigned to the 24th Marines, the 10th was without many of its vehicles as a result of D-Day operations. On the other hand, the 4th Amphibian Tractor Battalion, which was to land the 23d Marines on Roi, was as yet uncommitted and accordingly intact.
Despite the fact that all of the 4th Battalion's vehicles were available, the radio communication problems which had deviled the 25th Marines and the 10th Amphibian Tractor Battalion were now reappearing in full force. Because of the heavy swells, frequent rain squalls and long running distances involved, virtually every radio mounted in the LVT's had drowned out by mid-morning.
This situation was of direct and grave concern to the commanding officer of the 4th Amphibian Tractor Battalion, for communications were essential to carry out his mission. Colonel Jones, commanding the 23d Marines, had directed that the tractor commander take charge of all the regiment's attached amtracs, assemble them prepared to replace losses and to supervise transfer of reserve elements (Landing Team 3/23) from LCVP's to LVT's if necessary. With communications out, and with hundreds of landing craft7 now inside the lagoon, the combat team commander found himself confronted by an increasingly confused state of affairs. To compound his difficulties he was unable to locate the amtrac battalion commander,
who at that time was endeavoring to get his companies into the water.
In face of this confusion and difficulty, it became evident to Admiral Conolly and General Schmidt that W-Hour at 1000 could not be met. At 0841 the admiral queried his transport group commander as to whether W-Hour might have to be postponed. It required but two minutes for the latter to flash back an affirmative reply, recommending an hour's delay; at 0853 Admiral Conolly, therefore, signaled a change in W-Hour to 1100.8
While bombardment and air strike schedules were being adjusted to this change, the LST's began to straggle to their new stations south of Roi and Namur. Some of the ships had got as far as 40 miles away during the night's cruising. This meant that beginning at dawn and traveling at ten knots, the vessels would require four hours to reach the lagoon. Further delay was caused when one LST inadvertently let go her anchor in one of the lagoon passes, thus blocking the pass until the anchor could be weighed.9 It was 0822 by the time the LST's carrying 1st Battalion, 23d Marines (an assault unit) were ready to launch amtracs.10 Thirty-eight minutes later the LST's with the 2d Battalion (the other assault unit) embarked discharged their first LVT.11
Amphibian tractors loaded on the LST tank decks were discharged without incident, but removal of the LVT's from the weather decks was a complicated affair at best. Plans called for lowering the vehicles to the tank deck by means of an elevator, but while still at San Diego it was discovered that the amtracs were too long to clear the elevator openings. To remedy this situation, a wooden incline was constructed and placed on the elevator platform. When run onto this incline, the tractors were usually sufficiently canted to clear the opening.12 It was necessary, however, for an LVT to develop full power and have a clutch in top adjustment in order to make the grade. Once the vehicle was sufficiently canted on the incline, the elevator would be lowered to the tank deck, the LVT driven off and the procedure repeated. This was slow and subject to failure, but apparently it was the only method available to get the tractors from the weather deck to the water.
Additional complications were encountered on LST 126. Here the incline was somewhat steeper than those on other LST's, which made the task of climbing it all the more difficult. Few, if any, LVT's climbed it sufficiently to clear the elevator opening, and in those cases cutting-torch details had to shear away the rear splash fenders on the tractors, thus permitting narrow but sufficient clearance.13
A badly jammed elevator halted virtually all debarkation of Company E, 23d Marines on board LST 42, which like all her sisters, was scantily supplied with personnel experienced in operating the complicated elevators.14 It later came to the attention of Colonel Jones that on one of the landing ships bearing his regiment, only one member of the crew knew how to operate the elevator which was to lower the tractors to the tank deck.15 Under such circumstances it was no wonder that the launching was a long drawn-out, hit-or-miss affair.
At 0925, to compound the confused state of affairs in the lagoon, Salvage Boat 8 reported by radio to its parent, the USS Biddle,
This alarming message was at once relayed by the commander of TransDiv 26 to Admiral Connolly. A few minutes later the admiral received from the 4th Division air observer a report that no such enemy counterattack could be discerned. Despite the conservative reports from the observer, however, torpedo planes from Chenango plastered SALLY Point on Namur, and a rain of naval gunfire and artillery began dropping on the southeast corner of the island. By 1000, it became apparent that the air
observer had the last word; the "counterattack" had been illusory. If anything, such a Japanese maneuver would have been welcomed on Ennugarret by the 3d Battalion, 25th Marines, which was heavily reinforced by attached regimental and divisional firepower.
At 1026, while boat and LVT groups were beginning to form in rear of the line of departure, naval gunfire lifted, and 16 Grumman Avengers from USS Intrepid and Cabot, each carrying a 2,000-pound bomb, hit the beaches on Roi and Namur. At 1035, as the TBF's pulled out, 15 dive bombers from Intrepid peeled off in a precision strike on the south beaches. Four minutes later, Hellcat fighters from the same carrier buzzed and swarmed over their targets for final strafing passes, and at 1055, as the last fighter shot upwards to rendezvous on his section leader, the grim pounding by naval gunfire resumed.16
The situation at the line of departure, where destroyer Phelps was again acting as control vessel, was now clearing.
Colonel Jones reached the line of departure in his LCVP 15 minutes prior to W-Hour. But he was unable to locate the two LVT's assigned to combat team headquarters and found that none of his armored amphibs or other boat groups was fully formed.17 A few minutes later, however, the various groups began arriving. To expedite matters, the commanding officer of the 2d Battalion, 23d Marines, ordered his tractors to proceed independently to the line of departure. In the 1st Battalion word had not filtered down that W-Hour was delayed. As a result, when the first tractors reached the line of departure at 1045, all hands felt that "they had failed miserably" in not making the original 1000 deadline.18
Prior to 1100 the assault waves of the 23d Marines were formed, and all hands were boated in amphibian tractors generally as planned. In the adjacent zone, the 24th Marines ever since 0630 had been desperately trying to accumulate enough tractors for the assault, and matters were by no means so well along. Although sufficient LVT's were now on hand to boat some elements of the assault companies the balance of the regiment was being embarked in LCVP's assembled from every available source to make good the deficiency of tractors. As of W-Hour, this process was not completed.19
What now confronted the control officer on board Phelps was one regiment (23d Marines) ready to attack, and the other (24th Marines) still struggling to complete boating and forming up. Seven minutes after W-Hour, with no signal to commence the assault, Colonel Jones found the waiting too much and impatiently queried Phelps why the attack had not yet been ordered. Five minutes later (1112) in reply to Jones' question, the red "Baker" flag dropped from the yardarm of the control destroyer, and the first waves of the 23d Marines churned forward toward the smoking, explosive-torn shore of Roi, followed by the combat team commander in his LCVP.
Preceded by rocket-firing LCI(G)'s (449, 451, 452, 453, 457), and then by a total of 30 armored amphibians from Companies A and C, 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion, the 23d Marines traversed the 5,000-yard (33-minute) run toward Red Beaches which were still being hammered by ships' guns. In the welter of confusion the only thing certain was that the attack was underway. As Colonel Jones subsequently reported:
Adding to the confusion was the diversity of agencies who originated orders or claimed to have orders . . . Boat Group Commanders, Flotilla Commanders, amphibian tractor company commanders and platoon leaders and tractor drivers all handled and at times executed erroneous or garbled orders to land. . . . Our assault waves went in to the beach still not knowing how much water they would find over the reef, whether there were any coral heads to be watched for, or whether there were any man-made obstructions in the water.
After the battle the Marines were to learn about the beach reconnaissance of the night before, results of which had been on board the Attack Force flagship since 0500.20
Landing on RED 3
The 2d Battalion, 23d Marines, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Edward J. Dillon, had been selected to land on Beach Red 3 (see Map 8, Map Section), and deliver the main punch up the relatively short east shore of Roi. Within this battalion's zone lay most of the aviation base facilities, hangars and buildings on the island. In accordance with its leading role, the battalion had been allocated a full company of armored amphibs (as compared with the two platoons given 1st Battalion on the left), and it likewise had attached Company C, 4th Tank Battalion, the division's medium tank company.21 In addition, one platoon of light tanks from Company A was attached to the medium company.
Map 8
Roi (BURLESQUE) Island
The 2d Battalion would land with two companies (E and F) in assault, Company F in turn making the battalion's main effort on the right; two platoons of medium tanks and three light tanks were to give direct support to Company F's assault. Company E on the left of Beach Red 3 would be backed up by one platoon of medium tanks plus two lights, and would guide on and assist the attack of the right assault company.22
The 2d Battalion's first wave consisted of 18 armored amphibs (Company A, 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion) which dipped and plunged through the wakes of the LCI(G)'s ahead. Behind the LVT(A)'s came two assault waves of infantry embarked in LVT(2)'s. Behind these, in turn, were two waves of tanks embarked in LCM(3)'s which would be called in as soon as conditions on the smoke-enveloped beach permitted.
A thousand yards offshore, while naval gunfire still blanketed the beach, the LCI(G)'s let loose salvos of 4.5-inch barrage rockets which hissed through the air, marking their trajectories with flashing parabolas. The massed rockets fell in the warren of fire-trenches and smashed against pillboxes near the water. Less than five minutes later, while the LCIs raked the beach with 40mm bursts, the 12 rocket launcher-equipped amphibian tractors likewise let fly,23 but their explosives "did not hit the beach, but rather landed about the LVT(A)'s leading them in."24 By now the dust and smoke were drifting steadily over from the burning ordnance stores on Namur. Across the few hundred yards left to go, the advancing waves could discern Roi only as a shore dimly seen.
Three hundred and fifty yards offshore the machine gunners opened up from the amtracs, now in the edge of the smoke. A few futile Japanese shell-spouts appeared between the boat-waves and the beach. At 1150 all naval gunfire lifted from inside the lagoon, and two minutes later the LCI's checked fire as the waves neared shore. To the west of Roi, the fire-support ships lifted fires to targets well clear of the beaches, on the north portion of the island. Shortly after 1150, the leading tractors bearing assault riflemen ground past the remains of Tokyo Pier and onto Beach Red 3.25
In the smoke and turmoil there were bound to be difficulties incident to the landing itself, and these were experienced by the armored amphibians.
We had so many vehicles in the first wave that, with our poor maneuverability and poor driver visibility, we would have had very close work if everyone had maintained perfect interval . . . there was a good deal of "accordion action," with the result that several [LVT(A)'s] were squeezed out of line from time to time, and there were a number of collisions, especially after we were near enough to the beach for the drivers to button up. My own vehicle was involved in one of those collisions, and had holes knocked in all the pontoons on one side, causing my driver to lose partial control. However, we did hit the beach in fairly good alignment.26
Japanese beach defenses had been blasted to
MARINES PINNED DOWN by Japanese immediately after landing on Namur.
pieces. Every pillbox in the zone of Company F had been hit by naval gunfire. There were no vestiges of an organized enemy defense. As the Marines scrambled clear of their tractors, they were confronted only by one machine gun at the southwest corner of Roi and a few "dazed and bewildered" Japanese,27 remnants of the aviation units which had garrisoned the island.
. . . five Japanese [came] out from a destroyed pillbox just five yards from the water's edge. The first Japanese who came out was unarmed, but seemed fully composed and his manner and uniform indicated . . . that he was a pilot. He looked around for a second or two, then waved to his comrades to come. Four Japanese followed him, only two of whom were armed. They started to run, but were eliminated.28
Four tractors of Company F had edged eastward to land on the left boundary of Beach Green 1 in the zone of Company K, 24th Marines, and a few third-wave tractors, similarly lost, ended up to the left on Red 2. Noncommissioned officers promptly took charge, however, and led their boat teams to Red 3 in the case of the Green 1 stragglers, taking out a few Japanese positions along the spit between Roi and Namur.
Over on the left Company E was encountering the same sort of disorganized resistance. As that unit's first wave hit the beach, two Japanese armed only with bayonets rushed the Marines in a futile effort to stem the invasion. Just inland of the beach some defenders in open trenches fought determinedly, but the bombardment had left them dazed and few in number. Encountering only scattered enemy and small-arms fire, Company E rapidly advanced toward the battalion objective.29
By two minutes past noon tanks were rumbling down the ramps of the LCM's into coral shallows which had stopped the barges just left of Tokyo Pier. The antitank ditch in this area had been caved in by gunfire and rockets, and with the aid of the company's tank retrievers the M4's were soon grinding and lurching their way through the rubble past advancing Marine fire teams.
At 1215 Colonel Dillon was on the beach, and the battalion command post was opened on the south edge of the aircraft taxiway at Road Junction 11, amid revetments badly battered but still capable of sheltering a CP. One hundred and fifty yards forward, Marines were being halted (more or less) by their platoon leaders along the initial objective line: 0-1. Company G, in battalion reserve, had landed in rear of Company F and was already at work flushing out and mopping up surviving Japanese who had hidden in the ruins or, particularly, in the drainage culverts which flanked the hard-surfaced airstrip.
The regimental commander had good reason for optimism following his landing at 1204. Less than an hour later, at 1311, from the 23d Marines' command post, 200 yards west of Tokyo Pier, Colonel Jones radioed his first personal report to General Schmidt, still on board the Appalachian:
Fifteen minutes later, his second report confirmed the first:
Landing on RED 2
The 1st Battalion, 23d Marines, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hewin O. Hammond, had been assigned the left (west) half of Roi, a zone of action which included by far the greater portion of Japanese emplacements on the island. The beach assigned for this landing was Red 2 (see Map 8, Map Section), extending roughly from WENDY Point east to the coral-reefed edge of the channel which approached the south shore beside Tokyo Pier.
Because of the reported presence of two blockhouses on WENDY Point, together with the ever-present danger of enfilading fire from that area, the main and initial effort of the battalion was to take out these blockhouses and secure the Point. After this had been
MOVING across Roi's shattered airfield.
accomplished, the main effort would shift to the right, assisting what was projected to be the advance of the adjacent 2d Battalion.
To aid Lieutenant Colonel Hammond in his task, two platoons of armored amphibians (actually, Company C, 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion, less one platoon) had been attached to the battalion.
Hammond's first wave, also preceded by the LCI(G)'s, consisted of 12 armored amphibs. His two following waves contained the assault echelons of Companies A and B and were organized in much the same manner as already described in the case of the 2d Battalion, 23d Marines.
The first two waves were dispatched with reasonable promptness, but the third did not cross the line of departure until 1129, having been held up 13 minutes after the second wave departed. This was the first evidence of what seemed to the landing team commander a most annoying hesitancy on the part of wave commanders to move up, and of the control officer (in LCC 71) to keep the waves moving on schedule. However, here as elsewhere, the failure of radio communications during the ship-to-shore movement injected exasperating frustration into every delay.31
Following the same deluge of rockets which had pulverized adjacent Red 3, the armored amphibians shouldered their way onto Beach Red 2 at 1133. Here they sought out positions in hull defilade, concentrated the fire of their 37mm guns and machine guns on the shattered hulks of WENDY Point's installations and then swept the entire zone of action. The earlier touchdown on Beach Red 2 (which preceded that of the 2d Battalion, 23d Marines, by some minutes) resulted from the southwestward projection of Roi, which shortened the final run in by approximately 300 yards. Both Companies A and B followed the armored amphibs, and the two infantry waves were on the beach by 1155, but crowded by elements of Company E, which had eased over onto Beach Red 2.
While Company A moved to secure WENDY Point, one platoon of the armored amphibians pivoted left, proceeding across the Point itself, and, again waterborne, commenced firing on the NORBERT Circle area, in the northwest corner of Roi. Meanwhile, the riflemen of Company A soon found that if WENDY Point had ever amounted to much, the naval gunfire and air preparations had drawn its sting. Despite its critical location on the flank of the south beaches, WENDY showed evidence of comparatively scant defensive organization. In place of the two blockhouses reported by aerial-photographic interpreters, the Marines found but one stove-in pillbox, surrounded by a profusion of fuel drums and jetsam from what had evidently been a dump area.32 Light small-arms fire, with the unmistakable crack of the Japanese .256 caliber rifle, annoyed but did not appreciably hinder the Marines.
At 1210, meanwhile, Lieutenant Colonel Hammond had landed and opened his command post on WENDY Point. As Company A advanced up the west beach toward the 0-1 line, the telling effect of the bombardment became even more evident. The first blockhouse to be encountered--near the first objective line--had taken a direct 16-inch hit, together with a less effective peppering from smaller projectiles. One concrete pillbox was very new, and scattered evidence of construction in progress still strewed the ground.
The first face-to-face enemy resistance encountered by Company A came from a large blockhouse (BUSTER) 100 yards north of the 0-1 line on the coast beside a wrecked radar station. One Japanese (several were within) charged out of the exit with a grenade in each hand, but popped back in under a fusillade of rifle fire. Marines covered the approach of grenadiers who silenced the blockhouse by lobbing hand grenades through the entrance.
Whenever grenades proved insufficient in the debris, bangalore torpedoes and satchel charges of high explosive were hurled up the drainage culverts beside and under the airstrip, in
A DIRECT HIT by naval gunfire was required to make an impression on this Japanese fortification on Roi.
which enemy snipers were hiding and firing intermittently.
Even as the Marines mopped up the littered wreckage, eight SBD's and seven TBM's from USS Sangamon added to the sum of destruction by a strike which raked the north shore of Roi.
While the 1st Battalion's assault companies were advancing after a virtually unopposed landing, the medium tanks attached to both battalions began hitting the shore at noon. It had been intended that the channel west of Tokyo Pier be used to get the tank-lighters to the beach itself. While some LCM's were able to do this, many coxswains could not find the channel because of the demolished pier and consequently grounded on the coral shelf about 200 yards offshore. Having been waterproofed for such a contingency, the tanks clanked in to the beach through five and one-half feet of water, led in each case by a crewman outside who guided his vehicle around potholes. On the beach the entire tank company formed up as a unit and moved eastward in column until a breached spot could be found in the antitank ditch behind the Red Beaches. The mediums then advanced inland in line toward 0-1, overtaking the infantry and receiving nothing heavier than Japanese rifle fire which rattled and spattered harmlessly against their armor.33
By 1217 the 1st Battalion, 23d Marines, was on the first objective, reserve companies had been landed throughout the entire regimental zone, and few live Japanese had been seen. Numerous enemy dead were scattered about, however, some wearing the familiar olive-drab blouse, shapeless breeches and wrapped puttees of the Japanese forces, others more appropriately clad in shorts and shirts; a few enemy
DEBRIS and equipment litter the landing beaches on Roi.
helmets lay about, but the headgear of most, bearing the Special Naval Landing Force anchor device, was of the truncated-cone type. Many Marines stared curiously for the first time at the split-toed sneakers which projected mutely from piles of debris.34
Roi is Secured
Although Colonel Jones, after looking over the situation on Roi, could rightfully characterize the over-all picture as "a pip," a similar reaction on the part of most of the Marines, not to speak of the tanks, had caused some embarrassment to orderly continuation of the attack.
The lack of much organized resistance, the discovery that it was reasonably safe for riflemen to advance on foot, and, it was later claimed, the virtual obliteration of the land marks which denoted the 0-1 line35 had combined to permit individuals and small units to press forward without waiting on the initial objective for a coordinated attack. The first result of this more or less spontaneous reaction was the required lifting of all naval gunfire and air strikes as early at 1222.
Claiming poor radio communications and want of further instructions, the Commanding Officer of Company C, 4th Tank Battalion, had pressed his mediums forward from their exposed 0-1 line position on the airfield taxiways. The tank's vulnerability while stationary on this flat terrain caused him, he reported, to fear
anti-tank fire unless the machines kept moving. As a result, the tanks swarmed northward, machine-gunning Japanese who popped up from ditches and placing 75mm fire on every structure in sight. By 1338, three tanks reached NAT Circle, on the northeast corner of Roi, where Japanese resistance was encountered from the emplacements and gun pits there abouts. At 1400 the 4th Division air observer could see six tanks working along the north runway of Roi.36
The officer who commanded Company A, 23d Marines, explains his men's action thus:
Men of Company A were holding at the 0-1 line until the tanks barged on through. Having been trained to protect our tanks, my men stayed with them, even to within a stone's throw of the northern beach.37
At almost the same time, about 1345, a platoon of armored amphibians, not to be outdone by the tankers, was working its way, afloat or ashore as practicable, up the west beaches of Roi, raking the trenches and pillboxes that remained intact, and flushing out confused Japanese who scurried northward.38
The net result of this situation, while it indicated well-developed offensive spirit among the Marines, was highly annoying from the point of view of both the regimental and division commanders. Coordination and control, not only of infantry-tank maneuver but of all supporting fires, was virtually nullified as long as the tanks and armored amtracs galloped about northern Roi, assisted and cheered on by impatient (and frequently trigger-happy) riflemen with only a hazy idea as to exactly where 0-1 lay.
As early as 1325, when the medium tanks were just coming to grips with Japanese machine gunners firing from the northeast corner of Roi, General Schmidt asked Colonel Jones if he could get the tanks back to the 0-1 line in order to make a coordinated attack across the island. To accomplish this and to regain control of all
PRIVATE FIRST CLASS RICHARD B. ANDERSON, posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor, fell on an armed hand grenade in order that his companions' lives might be spared.
hands required about an hour, during which the tank company commander attempted, under the handicap of continuing radio interference, to urge that infantry be ordered up across the airstrips to consolidate the impromptu bite which the tanks had taken.
By 1445 both troops and tanks on Roi were being recalled to the 0-1 line in preparation for a coordinated attack ordered by the combat team commander for 1515. The assault battalions were to make main efforts up the respective east and west shore lines of Roi, where more cover was to be had, and also where the bulk of enemy positions lay. The fire-swept, billiard-table flatness of the center would of course fall to whoever held the edges. At 1510, on call from the fire control party attached to the 2d Battalion, 23d Marines, the light cruiser Santa Fe placed a five-salvo 5-inch preparation on NAT Circle, where mixed Japanese aviation personnel from the 231st, 752d, and 755th Naval Air Groups still held out. The bulk of the
enemy fire came from 20mm antiaircraft guns, machine guns and rifles in the dozen-odd emplacements and fire trenches which surrounded the end of NAT Circle and covered the northeast corner of Roi.39
At about 1530 the 2d Battalion, 23d Marines' attack jumped off on the right, covered by flanking fire from a 75mm half-track in position just north of the central junction of runways. Within seven minutes Company F had reached the northern hangar, a twisted tangle of girders and sheet metal, and four medium tanks were again working into the NAT Circle area. Some Japanese, flushed out of their trenches, attempted to take cover behind the seawall which ran along the shore in this vicinity. After noting their presence, the 4th Division air observer reported:
Five minutes later, the observer radioed:
By 1600, resistance in the zone of the 2d Battalion had been confined entirely to NAT Circle, which was even then under tank-infantry cleanup. Directly in rear of the 2d Battalion advanced Company K of the 3d Battalion, which had landed at 1450. The remaining two companies (I and L) of the reserve battalion were assembled on Beach Red 2, awaiting orders and in position to cover the right flank of the 23d Marines against any Japanese attempt to cross the spit between Roi and Namur.40
THESE JAPANESE PLANES, once a part of the 24th Air Flotilla, will fly no more.
DRAINAGE CULVERTS, such as the smashed one in the foreground of this photograph, furnished excellent hiding places for Japanese.
Considerable small-arms fire, both U. S. and Japanese, from the hot action on Namur only 500 yards away was falling among the Marines along the east shore of Roi.
The 1st Battalion, 23d Marines, did not launch its attack until almost 1600, supporting the advance on its right by fire. Both Companies A and B (those which had landed in assault) stood fast on the 0-1 line, and Company C (the reserve company) passed through Company A to attack northward up the shoreline on a 200-yard front. This advance was preceded by a platoon of medium tanks (attached from the 2d Battalion) and backed up by three 75mm half-tracks from the Regimental Weapons Company.
Only rifle and light machine-gun fire was encountered. By 1642, Company C was mopping up NORBERT Circle, northwest corner of Roi, and organized enemy fire had ceased in the battalion zone. A trench just north of the circle was found to contain more than 40 recently killed Japanese, many of whom had evidently committed suicide. By 1800, all resistance had ceased, and Company C, together with
A MEMBER OF THE 23d MARINES moves past a gutted hangar on Roi.
Companies A and B, still on 0-1, had commenced taking up defensive positions for the night, covering the northern and western beaches against any possibility of counterlanding. 41
There now remained to be dealt with only the defenders of NAT Circle, and the 2d Battalion, closing in behind medium tanks, was systematically reducing this strong point. Japanese riflemen continued to fire from the trenches around the circle, and from three pillboxes on the periphery; in the Island Administration Building, remarkably untouched by the bombardment, a single determined Japanese was killed by Company F. Three Japanese machine gunners in a concrete pillbox just west of the circle offered resistance, but Company F by-passed them and moved in on the adjacent trenches.
Company G, in reserve, assumed the pillbox problem. A moving 75mm half-track was obtained from the Regimental Weapons Company; five rounds blew in the one-half-inch steel door and the company demolitions squad placed charges and a bangalore torpedo at each fire-port. That was the end of that.42 The
three log-and-sand pillboxes still firing from amid the trenches were neutralized by 37mm guns of the Division Special Weapons Battalion, and Company F demolition squads did the rest. The open trenches were now occupied only by dead Japanese, and NAT Circle was secured. The time was 1802.
Colonel Jones radioed to General Schmidt:
And to Colonel Jones the 1st Battalion Operations Officer, Captain James R. Miller, had just reported:
Clean-up on Roi
As soon as it was plain to General Schmidt44 that the situation on Roi was well in hand, he ordered that the medium tanks attached to the 23d Marines be withdrawn from action and sent to the aid of the 24th Marines on Namur, where the going was anything but easy. At 1701 these orders reached Colonel Jones on Roi, and within 20 minutes the tanks were being pulled back and assembled for movement across the spit.45
At about 1800, just as NAT Circle was being overrun, the east shore of Roi was the scene of a violent, uncontrolled, and highly contagious outburst of indiscriminate firing, largely localized just north of the main Japanese hangar in the area of the 3d Battalion, 23d Marines. The wounding of a single Marine in Company G nearby, presumably by a sniper, caused men of the 3d Battalion first to take cover, and then to open fire on what appeared to be a Japanese rifleman on the hangar roof. Within a matter of seconds, the hangar became the target of a deluge of fire from rifles, carbines, machine guns, and even pistols. The battalion commander, who was present and managed to stop the firing in remarkably quick order, considering the extent of the outbreak, estimated that 3,000 to 5,000 rounds were discharged in a matter of minutes. Fortunately only three men--all in the 2d Battalion, forward of the hangar--were wounded, and none was killed. Two dead Japanese were found on the roof next day.46
But this was not the only outbreak of wild firing that day. Company A on the west coast of Roi found imaginary targets which were subsequently described:
Late in the afternoon of the first day [on Roi] firing broke out along the southwestern beaches. I questioned several Marines who were pumping round after round out to sea in a westerly direction. One lad I questioned told me, "The Japs are swimming in on us!" Upon focusing my glasses on the "counter-landing," I readily observed that the Japanese "swimmers" were nothing more than coral heads along the edge of the outer reef. Still, to the unaided eye, those coral heads did look like swimmers. As far as I could tell there were no casualties--either Marine or Japanese--from the spirited and contagious firing.47
After the smoke and din of the hangar episode had been dispelled, the 23d Marines completed their night defensive dispositions on Roi. To guard against any incursions from the Japanese gradually being compressed into the northwest portion of Namur, the 3d Battalion, 23d Marines, was ordered into defensive positions along the east shore of Roi, with particular attention to covering the spit, shallows, and causeway between the two islands. To the 3d Battalion's left, the 2d Battalion covered the northeast angle of Roi, while the 1st Battalion occupied beach positions along the remainder of the north, as well as all the west shore.
Despite the hot action in progress less than a quarter-mile away on Namur, there remained on Roi only the tedious business of tidying up a messy, demolished island and of converting it into an efficient air base. This task was
primarily one for the 20th Marines, but it was shared by the assault troops themselves, who in two days flushed out the few surviving Japanese from the wreckage. There was also the far less pleasant duty of the burial details, working to keep pace with flies, humidity, and tropical sun.
The preponderance of the Japanese on Roi, it was evident to the Marines, had been killed by the crushing air and naval gunfire bombardment. Those who survived had been, in most cases, too dazed or disorganized to offer resistance of the type which Tarawa had led the division to expect. Lieutenant Colonel Dillon reported that of the 400 dead Japanese in his 2d Battalion area, some 250 showed signs of death by bombardment, and perhaps 150 had been killed by Marines after W-Hour. Those figures appeared typical of the ratio of enemy casualties induced by bombardment as compared to those sustained in combat.
Roi had indeed been "a pip." Despite very logical apprehensions that the capture of Roi's airstrips might precipitate another Tarawa, it was apparent that Betio's lessons had been well learned and applied, especially in terms of preparation before the landing. For the Marines who secured Roi, the day's combat had afforded inexpensive lessons regarding control, fire discipline, and landing technique. As men of the 23d Marines settled down for the night, they might well congratulate themselves not only on successful accomplishment of a mission, but on good fortune and light opposition--opposition which was in marked contrast to that which Marine comrades were encountering but a few hundred yards away on Namur.
Table of Contents ** Previous Chapter (3) * Next Chapter (5)
1. TCS and TBX radios were set up in the LVT's and LCVP's for communication during the ship-to-shore operation.
2. Sources for this and following summary of the initial ship-to-shore movement of the 4th Division are, unless otherwise cited. 4th MarDiv SAR, 5-6; PhibGrp3 SAR, 6; Action Report, 23d Marines, FLINTLOCK, 4Mar44, 2-3, hereinafter cited as 23d Mar SAR; Unit Journal, 23d Marines, 31Jan-3Feb44, hereinafter cited as 23Mar Jnl.
3. Report by CO, 10th Amphibian Tractor Battalion, FLINTLOCK Operation, 27May44, hereinafter cited as 10th Amtrac SAR. This report includes detailed individual reports by each platoon leader in the battalion, and presents a detailed picture of the amphibian tractor situation at Roi-Namur.
4. Blockhouses and what were thought to be blockhouses on Roi were labeled with code names for the operation. For instance, there were PAL, BRUCE, BERNIE, BOBBY, and others. In this narrative they are referred to by name when known.
5. A small pier that extended from Roi into the lagoon, but which was wrecked during the bombardment. A larger L-shaped dock, labeled "Yokohama Pier," extended from Namur and was taken virtually intact. It was about 15 yards wide, extended 100 yards into the lagoon and had a 50-yard ell. At the other end was a hammerhead crane that had been severely damaged by naval fire.
6. 1st and 2d Battalions, 14th Marines, were firing on Namur. See Chap V.
7. 4th MarDiv SAR, 5-6.
8. 4th MarDiv Jnl, 1Feb44.
9. Historical Section interview with Col E. J. Dillon, 15Mar49.
10. Ship's log, USS LST 119, 1Feb44.
11. Special Action Report, 2d Bn, 23d Marines, 14Feb44, 1-3, hereinafter cited as 2/23 SAR.
12. Croizat.
13. Ltr Maj Theodore M. Garhart to CMC, 14Nov52, hereinafter cited as Garhart.
15. 23dMar SAR, 2.
16. Details of the air strikes are taken from 4th MarDiv Jnl, 10-12, passim.
17. Col Jones was never able to find his two LVT's and he eventually went into the beach in his LCVP. Comments on preliminary draft by BrigGen Louis R. Jones, 11Apr49.
18. Action Report, 1st Bn, 23d Marines, FLINTLOCK, hereinafter cited as 1/23 SAR, 2-3.
19. Action Report by 24th Marines, FLINTLOCK, 10Mar44, 6-8, hereinafter cited as 24th Mar SAR.
20. 23d Mar SAR, 2-3.
21. At this time, due to general shortages of supply as well as to the fact that medium tanks still constituted somewhat of a problem in terms of weight and bulk for amphibious shipping, only one company of the Marine tank battalion was equipped with the M4 medium tank which later became standard. The balance of the battalion was equipped with light tanks.
22. Operation Order 2-44, 2d Battalion, 23d Marines, 19Jan44.
23. "The rockets discharged properly from the launchers . . . [but] the LVT's pitched up and down in such a manner as to have some rounds go high while others fell miserably short." Garhart.
24. Metzger.
25. The ship-to-shore movement of the 2d Battalion, 23d Marines, has been synthesized from 23d Mar SAR, 4; 4th MarDiv Jnl, 1Feb44.
26. Ltr Maj Ellis N. Livingston to CMC, 8Nov52.
27. Action Report, Company F, 23d Marines.
28. Ltr Maj John J. Padley to Director, DivPubInfo, 16Apr49.
29. Ltr Maj Carl O. J. Grussendorf to Director, DivPublnfo, 30Mar49.
30. 4th MarDiv Jnl, 1Feb44; Unit Journal, 2d Bn, 23d Marines. 1Feb44; 2/23 SAR, passim.
31. Action Report, 1st Bn, 23d Marines, FLINTLOCK, 4-5, hereinafter cited as 1/23 SAR. LtCol Hammond finally had to send written orders to the control officer to dispatch the landing team's call waves in accordance with the plan previously worked out. Even then, the fourth and succeeding waves were not ordered in until Hammond's orders had been ratified, so to speak, by the Beachmaster in SC 1012.
32. Ibid., 6.
33. Action Report, Company C, 4th Tank Battalion, FLINTLOCK, 25Mar44, hereinafter cited as C/4thTkBn SAR 1.
34. Report by Battalion Intelligence Officer, 3d Battalion, 23d Marines, 11Feb44.
35. Beginning at the Peter Road causeway on Roi's east beach, the 0-1 line extended west of the intersection of the runways, then just forward of Runway Able southwest 350 yards, then directly west to a Japanese medium AA gun position, labeled BW 22 (on the map), on the west coast of Roi.
36. C/4thTkBn SAR, passim; 4th MarDiv Jnl, 1Feb44.
37. Maj James S. Scales comments on preliminary draft, 18Mar49, hereinafter cited as Scales.
38. "The commanding officer of Company C, 1st Armored Amphibian Battalion, the company involved . . . informed me at the time that he had been ordered by the battalion commander of the 1st Battalion, 23d Marines, to stay on the flank and keep abreast with the advancing infantry. This he did, and his LVT(A)'s neutralized several pillboxes and killed an undetermined number of Japanese." Metzger.
39. Sketch map of Roi, prepared by 2dLt Charles J. Stines, to accompany Intelligence Report of 3d Battalion, 23d Marines.
40. Action Report, 3d Battalion, 23d Marines, FLINTLOCK, 2. The landing of this battalion had been confused badly by misunderstandings on the part of boat control officers of TransDiv 28, who insisted on sending in elements of Companies I and K, on the strength of orders to land reserve waves of the assault battalions. In the course of this and immediately subsequent events, the battalion commander, LtCol John J. Cosgrove, received orders from regimental headquarters, first, to land his battalion across Beach Red 2 (at 1320); and then (at 1404), after four waves had reached Red 2, to land across Red 3, where the fifth, sixth and seventh waves were then landed. This resulted in understandable confusion within the battalion, which, however, once on the beach, assembled promptly. 1Feb44, 23d Mar Jnl.
41. All information on the 1st Battalion, 23d Marines' advance from 0-1 taken from Report of Activities, Company C, 23d Marines, 13Feb44, 3.
42. Combat Report, Company G, 23d Marines, 14Feb44, 5.
43. 23d Mar Jnl, 1Feb44.
44. Gen Schmidt landed on Namur, where his command post was established. This will be dealt with in Chapter V, which takes up the Namur phase of the operation.
45. 23d Mar Jnl, 1Feb44.
46. A penetrating, detailed, and analytical report of this incident is given as Enclosure (D) to SAR 3/23, by LtCol Cosgrove, the battalion commander, who directed an on-the-spot, man-for-man investigation. The results of these interrogations, while too detailed for this work, present a remarkable case history in trigger-happiness, both as to cause and cure.
47. Scales.


text:
Planetary Mixers Feature Tilted Configuration
Charles Ross & Son introduces the Double Planetary Mixers, which feature a slightly tilted configuration for more effective and complete discharge of flowable products. The units are used in the preparation of pastes and gels, as well as granulations and free-flowing dried powder blends.
The planetary mixers are supplied with an air/oil hydraulic lift to raise and lower the stirrers into the removable vacuum-rated mix can. During mixing, a glass sight/charge port and tank light on the vacuum hood allow the operator to check on the batch and conveniently add raw materials without interrupting the agitation.
Stainless steel 316 rectangular stirrer blades are driven by a 5-hp inverter-duty motor. Detachable sidewall and bottom scrapers are also supplied. A 50-psig heating/cooling jacket on the vessel is insulated and sheathed in stainless steel. Batch temperature is measured from a thermowell with an RTD thermocouple on the side of the mix can.
After the mixing cycle, product is discharged through a 3-inch diameter Teflon plug installed via heavy-duty tri-clover clamps toward the front of the mix can. The raised base provides a 28-inch clearance beneath the outlet and is suitable for 12-inch diameter receiving vessels.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Marianne Faithfull, Doncaster 1964. Marianne's career as the crown princess of swinging London was launched with 'As Tears Go By', the first song ever written by Mick Jagger & Keith Richards, two folk albums, two pop, and a singles collection followed whilst Marianne also embarked on a parallel career as an actress, on film in Girl On A Motorcycle (1968) and stage in Chekhov's Three Sisters (1967) and Hamlet (1969).
Recently rediscovered these images are a must for 60's memorabilia collectors. Their exceptional production quality and finish also provide an exclusive opportunity for alternative investment. Available in a strictly limited edition run of 100


text:
By Ashley Clark [1]
BELLEVILLE – A bill allowing school boards to report inappropriate behaviour by teachers to their licensing body is back in the spotlight.
The Protecting Students Act aims to keep students safe from teacher misconduct and make board regulations more transparent by improving communication between the Ontario College of Teachers [2] and the public.
This bill is the result of an investigative report [3] published by retired judge Patrick J. LeSage [4] in 2012. It outlined 49 recommendations to improve the procedures of the Ontario College of Teachers.
According to a press release, the act is meant to ensure the following:
- a teacher's certificate is automatically revoked if he or she has been found guilty of sexual abuse or acts relating to child pornography
- employers, including school boards, must inform the college when they have restricted a teacher's duties or dismissed him or her for professional misconduct
- the college can share information with the school board or employer if the subject of a complaint poses an immediate risk to a student or child
- the college must publish all decisions from its discipline committee
- improving timelines for the investigation and consideration of complaints
"Educators are professionals who care about the safety, well-being and achievement of their students and children. But in those rare circumstances when discipline is required, it is important for Ontario families to be confident in the action that is taken. This proposed legislation will strengthen the authority of the colleges to take decisive action, while ensuring the process is open and transparent for everyone involved," said Minister of Education Mitzi Hunter in a press release.
The bill originally was introduced by the government in September 2013, but got dropped when the election ramped up.


text:
F635-Mother's Ring-3-stones-3X3 mm Square Shape Engravable
This original mother's ring is a best seller. It makes it a perfect gift for your love one.
- Number of Stones: 3 stones
- Type of Stones: Synthetic or Genuine
- Gold color: Yellow or White
- Stone Size: 3X3 MM Square Shape
- Finger Sizes: 4-10
- Engraving: Yes, see image(s)
- Delivery Time: 5 Working Days
- Stone Placement Order: From left to Right in a Straight Row


text:
Start planning your retirement with one of OPERS Pre-Retirement Seminars. Thirty-three seminars are scheduled for 2014 in the following cities – Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Lawton, Woodward, Ardmore and McAlester. This is the first year that OPERS will offer a seminar opportunity in Ardmore.
The presentations provide information on the retirement process, including timelines and necessary documents. Benefit calculations, payment options, taxes, and death benefits are discussed and health insurance information is provided by the Employees Group Insurance Division.
OPERS also offers the Managing Your Retirement Income Seminar as a morning supplement to each Pre-Retirement Seminar. This seminar helps you identify your retirement income sources, how your OPERS pension works with Social Security and personal savings, and options for closing potential gaps in your retirement income.
To register for the seminars, please call us toll-free at 1-800-733-9008. Seminars are open for registration approximately 60 days prior to the event and seating is limited. The schedule of Pre-Retirement seminars through June 2014 is available on the OPERS website.


text:
Why Holidays on Arran are so special...
Arran is a magical island, often described as "Scotland in Miniature", with its incredible diversity of landscapes and seascapes.
This self catering cottage has magnificent views of the sea and Holy Isle which is nestled in the bay. Recently refurbished to a very high standard it can accommodate up to 4 people in style and comfort. Free unlimited internet access.
An ideal base to enjoy your Holidays on Arran. "The Retreat" formerly Number 23 Hamilton Terrace is located in Lamlash, only a five minute drive from the ferry terminal in Brodick. This peaceful village is the second largest in Arran and is located in the south of the island in Lamlash Bay.
The Isle of Arran contains lots of wildlife from red squirrels to red deer. Part of Lamlash Bay is home to Scotland's first no take Zone, this protects the sea bed and marine life which has led to an increase in the amount of sea and bird life in the area. On most days you can see seals out basking on the rocks and occasionally dolphins can be spotted in the bay.
"The Retreat" is the perfect bolt hole for anyone wanting to get away from it all.


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President Nikias awards Asa V. Call Award to Rick Caruso
Alumnus Rick Caruso, who graduated from USC in 1980, received the most distinguished alumni honor, the Asa V. Call Award, at the 83rd annual Alumni Awards.
Nikias presented Caruso with the award on Saturday. The award signifies commitment to USC and to the community. Caruso's ties to USC stretch back to his times as a Trojan. The Carusos have donated more than $50 million to the school.
The family's endowments include the USC Caruso Catholic Center and, most recently, a $25 million endowment for the USC Tina and Rick Caruso Department of Otolaryngology. The treatment facility for the ear, nose and throat is set to be one of the largest in the country.
"Rick Caruso's immense pride for USC is unsurpassed," USC President C. L. Max Nikias said to USC News. "His love of the school is visible across our campuses. With inspired generosity, Rick and his wife, Tina, are putting into practice their philanthropic vision, which will benefit Trojans for many generations to come."
Caruso said that USC has had a profound impact on his life and career.
"I am so honored to receive this award from USC," Caruso told USC News. "My years at USC fundamentally changed my perspective on what it means to be part of a community,and what my responsibilities are as a member of that community. There isn't a better university that changes the lives of young people so significantly, and they have won my respect, commitment, devotion and gratitude."
In addition to Caruso, six Trojans were awarded for their contributions to USC: Wanda M. Austin, Grant Gerson, Wilfred Uytengsu, Allyson Felix, Dan Cassidy and Vicki McCluggage.


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We will always remember you George.love tweedles
I somehow missed this when it wa posted, and want to again tell you how grateful I am that George is remembered here. Thank-you for that, and letting me see who his new friends are. George is truly missed.
Were so sorry you have lose George. These dogs have such a good life at Golden Pines.
georgesendin hugs N love frum all oh uz heer in trout towne; two ewe... N yur familee still on earth...♥♥♥
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text:
Construction of P.H. Laboratory building
|Government of Odisha
|Bid submission last date
|Oct 30 2015
Government of Odisha, Public Health Engineering Organization (PHEO) has floated an e-tender for the construction of P.H. Laboratory building for water quality monitoring at Sambalpur. Approximate tender value is Rs.21.07 lakhs and the period of work is 90 days. The last date for tender submission is Oct 30 2015.
Contact: Executive Engineer, P.H. Division, Sambalpur. Tel: 0663-2412135. Fax: 0663-2412335. Email: email@example.com


text:
Hope Net Ministries is a non-profit, faith-based organization providing families and individuals in our community with the tools and resources they need to break the cycles of addiction & poverty.
Helping Other People Experience hope through meeting needs and building healthy relationships.
To see our community filled with empowered individuals and families who have broken the cycle of poverty and are now living healthy and productive lives.
Empowerment Relationships Serving those in need Partnerships Individuals Holistic approach
Download our brochure
Hope Net Ministries, Inc. is a 501 (c) 3 non-profit ministry home based in Council Bluffs, IA.


text:
Asian food is on the up in Florence. San Lorenzo is blooming into something of a little China Town and Korean and Japanese restaurants have been popping up like wildflowers all over the city for years. Kome in Santa Croce is one of the latter – a two storey Palazzo containing, on one floor – sub-par, slightly overpriced Kaiten Sushi (there's better in Florence) and on the top floor under arched stone ceilings – a Japanese -style Yakiniku or BBQ restaurant. I can't recommend the sushi when places such as Yagura and the excellent Fusion Bar (in the Gallery Art Hotel) do a much better job but the Yakiniku is wonderful.
Yakiniku is a simple affair – one orders from the meat and fish menu a selection for the table and it's served raw for you to cook yourself over a table BBQ along with a selection of vegetables and whatever sides you desire. It's incredibly similar to Korean Bulgogi – likely due to the Koreans bringing Bulgogi to Japan sometime after the second world war – though others attest that Yakiniku is simply a Japanese way in which to eat western style food, as would seem to be the case as the word was first used to describe exactly that in Kanagaki Robun's 'Seiyo Ryoritsu' (Western Food Handbook), in 1872. However, the apparent argument on the subject is unimportant so long as the food is good.
We ordered the mixed meats and everything was excellent – a good selection of choice cuts of beef, along with chicken and pork which came with several sauces and glazes including a decadent oily chilli which was surprisingly delicious. Along with that we (over) ordered a collection of rice noodles served cold (good for the palette), a far too large and delicious basket of tempura and a small salad. Appetisers are a nice touch and slightly above expectations – on this occasion a small slab of seasoned white fish served over a blanket of spinach and lettuce and on the table moments after ordering. The wine menu however is a list of white Italian "Asian pairing" clichés (we ordered a decent bottle of Gewurztraminer – nothing to write home about) and a good few bottles of Sake and other rice wines. I can't complain because this is the kind of place we go to over indulge in meat – and at that – KOME wins.
The dessert menu is much the same as the wine menu – a glimpse of Asian flavours combined with European clichés – Green Tea Ice Cream and Green Tea Tiramisu – certainly tasty and interesting but uninspired all the same. Perhaps this is the curse of the Asian restaurant in a country such as Italy, where people are still only taking baby steps towards the acceptance of Asian (read: other) cuisine? Though saying that, the new Sichuan place over in San Lorenzo is mouthwateringly authentic – so perhaps it's just down to lazy dessert planning. Either way – the lack of choice only affects on a minimal level – as the real beauty is getting dirty with the Yakiniku – experimenting with charring the chicken and quickly grilling the beef exactly how one likes it – it's a fun way to eat… occasionally at least.
Service is hit and miss – our waitress for the evening seemed alert enough and was much more pleasant than the vacant waiters we were used to from the sushi restaurant below. But then what does one really need after the table is filled and ready to be devoured, but a calm polite person to later take away the shame of empty plates?
KOME's palazzo lends a certain charm to the experience. There aren't, after all, many places in the world where one can eat Yakiniku in a 300 year old Florentine palazzo down the road from Santa Croce – one of the world's most inspiring and beautiful cathedrals. The arched ceilings hang a little low – but don't fear – the grills are smokeless – certainly the most high-tech appliance of any in Florence.
If you still need an excuse to try it out then wait 'till August 29th which is the official "Yakiniku Day" in Japan – surely that's as good a day as any to eat Japanese cuisine in Italy? If you prefer the Korean experience then try Goong on Borgo Ognissanti which has a couple of Bulgogi tables – though be warned it is an ugly, whitewashed little restaurant with a minimal menu. Personally I'd recommend KOME as the better option – if for nothing else, then for the sheer fun of getting ones hands dirty tugging cuts of beef to and from the grill.


text: Hi Mike, On Fri, Jun 01, 2007 at 05:19:24AM -0700, Mike Dilworth wrote: > as you can tell I need the HDMI feature. Hm, I don't know much about HDMI. Would that need some special init in the BIOS? Do we have support for such things in LinuxBIOS? > On both I will use the AMD Athlon X2 3800+ AM2 CPU > > MS-7327 > > uses AMI BIOS > AMD 690G Northbridge and SB600 Southbridge > integrated ATi Radeon X1250 videocard > Realtek High Definition Audio Driver > ATI System Drivers for RS480/RS482/RC410/SB600 > AMD HDMI Audio Drivers > Realtek 10/100 LAN Drivers > ATI SB600 IDE RAID Driver > Realtek Gigabit Ethernet Drivers > from the photos it looks like this uses ??? its nt clear DIP BIOS??? > > Abit AN-M2HD > NVIDIA® GeForce®7050PV/nForce 630a > from the pictures i think this uses a PLCC: Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier Both mainbaords are not yet supported, sorry. Neither are the chipsets they use, so it'd be pretty much work to support them. If you are willing to buy some other mainboard, one of the supported ones (http://linuxbios.org/Supported_Motherboards) would be a good choice, or have a look at the ones listed here: http://linuxbios.org/Desktops These mainboards are _not_ yet supported, but making them work would be a lot easier as they use already-supported chipsets. Uwe. -- http://www.hermann-uwe.de | http://www.holsham-traders.de http://www.crazy-hacks.org | http://www.unmaintained-free-software.org -------------- next part -------------- A non-text attachment was scrubbed... Name: signature.asc Type: application/pgp-signature Size: 189 bytes Desc: Digital signature URL: <http://www.coreboot.org/pipermail/coreboot/attachments/20070603/c36c54e1/attachment.sig>


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The Swatch O'Neill Big Mountain Pro 2007 awoke to 15cm of fresh snow on Wednesday morning. And after Tuesday morning's coffee-gate scandal, everyone was pleased to once again see pots of the black doctor sitting on the breakfast tables.
After the first contest runs on Tuesday morning, staged near Courmayeur, riders returned to the small Italian village of Arpy for a classic pasta-based meal and a few glasses of the local plonk. Following dinner, riders and everyone else involved, including invited media, came together to watch the morning's action on the big screen. Biggest cheers of the evenings went to the likes of snowboarders Jeremy Jones and Xavier de le Rue and skiers Cody Townsend and the Scandinavian connection: Sverre Liliequist and Kaj Zackrisson. All of these guys killed it on the mountain earlier in the day, and were rewarded with big cheers from the crowd of viewers.
A much gentler wake-up call on Wednesday morning was welcomed by all, and everyone was packed and ready to leave town by 9am. Nicolas Hale-Woods and his team of contest organizers and mountain guides had decided the evening before to move the contest back to the beautiful Swiss village of Champéry – the location for last week's ice hockey and curling sessions.
This time, however, snowboarding and skiing are on the cards, with a contest run planned for Thursday afternoon somewhere in the vast Portes du Soleil ski area. Straddling the Swiss and French border, the resort is one of the largest in the world, and one that freestyle shred Jules Reymond knows only too well. As we drove back via the St-Bernard tunnel in Switzerland, Jules said: "It's pretty funny that we'll be riding in an area that I spend so much time in – I actually rent a place just down the valley so I'm hoping some home advantage will come into play on Thursday." The skiers, meanwhile, have also got someone equally at home in Les Portes du Soleil in the name of local talent Evariste Berney.
Having arrived in Champéry just after lunchtime, everyone was pleased to take a little time to relax after checking into the Hotel Suisse – boasting what could only be described as deluxe surroundings compared to the minimalist, military-inspired hostel in Arpy. As riders strolled through the picturesque streets of Champéry, the bad weather and warm temperatures forecast for most of the day gave way to rays of bright sunshine and white peaks from time to time, providing everyone with a hint of what might be to come on Thursday.
O'Neill freeskier Loris Falquet was stoked to be back in his native Switzerland, and said: "I'm really looking forward to competing again tomorrow. I was a little disappointed not to stick my first cliff drop in yesterday's contest run, so I'll be out to make amends tomorrow. I know that the guides have been exploring the area today, so I just hope they manage to find a nice peak with a stable snow pack for us to ski." Leading this innovative mobile event from the starting line in Laax right through to the finishing post in Innsbruck, Nicolas Hale-Woods had this to day: "Following extensive consultation with our guides and weather forecasters, we've decided to head back to Switzerland as we believe we'll get more favorable weather conditions here over the coming 36 hours. Getting the best snowboarders and skiers to the best snow on the best mountains in Europe has always been our mission, and it's one we're sticking to."
For more about the Swatch O'Neill Big Mountain Pro 2007: www.bigmountainpro.com


text:
I have never ordered from Zulily. I've Pinned a few items (mostly shoes) that I've liked. Until today. They got me when they emailed and said they had Keen items. I love Keen boots and shoes. So does my husband.
So. If you join, you'll get daily deal emails. Use my link:
Here are a few Keen brand items they have today that I love.
I love this bag. It is yellow and gray. Enough reason for me to love it.
I actually own these shoes in another color combo. They are great.
I broke down and bought these boots today. I couldn't pass up 50% off.
A friend has these shoes and I love them every time she wears them!
Oh...and they have kids' things. I have no girls at my house, but if I did, I totally would have gotten her these red shoes.
I did buy my 18 month old these shoes. He truly needed a new pair. They don't come in extra wide, so I hope they fit him. I realized that AFTER I ordered them. (Both my boys have had FAT FEET!) Even though I wear narrow shoes as does my husband. Weird.
And these are just so cute. But no little girls in this home to wear them.
So if you want to see cute things and some fun brands like Keen, you should sign up for Zulily. And no, they are not a sponsor of Monkey See, Monkey Do. I just really like Keen shoes & boots and I'm really excited to have gotten a good deal from Zulily.
Wednesday, January 16, 2013
Zulily, Anyone?
Posted by Jennifer at 10:30 PM
Labels: clothing
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Monday, August 27, 2012
first day ever
yes, i'm still around. busy as always. i thought i'd take a minute and give you a picture update of the boy. he's growing up way too fast, so i've got to take pics to capture all these milestone moments.
today he started school. although the sign gives the impression he's starting pre-k, he actually started pre-pre-pre-k. today was an ease-in day and he only went for a little over an hour. he did great. even got a sticker for using the bathroom on his own. love this little guy!!
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text:
We can fix congestion problems
Transportation is an issue never far from our minds. We think about it when we're stuck in traffic, when we drive past an accident or when we consider any expensive proposal promising to somehow reduce congestion.
What most of us don't think about is the complex, bureaucratic network that oversees planning and governance of the vast transportation system in the central Puget Sound region and Washington state. It's important that we all pay attention to this critical aspect of our transportation system. The frustrating truth is, the transportation planning and governance structure in our region and state is inadequate; it wastes taxpayers' money and needs to be reformed now.
A year ago in November, the Washington State Department of Transportation and the state Transportation Commission issued a 20-year Washington Transportation Plan. Unfortunately, it isn't a good plan at all. It just offers a mix of valuable data, general objectives, projects and slogans. It lacks a unifying framework, real direction and other key elements required for genuine, effective planning.
The whole point of a legitimate transportation plan is to recognize the current situation and the problems therein, and to offer a clear objective and specific, effective recommendations on how to improve transportation. My colleagues with the Eastside Transportation Association and I offered specific suggestions to WSDOT on how to improve its Washington Transportation Plan. Among our suggestions:
In November, the Regional Transportation Commission issued a draft report pointing out flaws in the central Puget Sound's "broken" transportation planning and governance system. The RTC draft report noted that our region's transportation crisis is caused by two primary factors: a history of underfunding transportation and the absence of a unified regional transportation governance system.
The report said our region's transportation governance system, consisting of more than 100 agencies, delivers inadequate results. The RTC report said the present problems are the consequence of having "too many well-meaning cooks in the kitchen with no one empowered" as an overall decision-maker. It's no wonder so many people view much of our transportation system with distrust and skepticism.
Congestion is the problem and we can do something about it. But first our political leaders must devise a plan to make things better, not less worse. We need a top-down approach. The RTC report recommends the creation of a regional transportation governance entity. A better approach might be for WSDOT, along with the governor, to show more leadership in terms of governing and planning Washington's transportation system.
We've been floundering long enough. Our region and state need real direction on transportation.


text:
With just a few days left in 2009, us and a family we've been friends with for a dozen years have come to Myrtle Beach for a few days of togetherness and relaxation. The winter rates were so good, we're staying in two penthouse suites at a hotel with an indoor water park. It's been such a treat so far.
So while on the beach this morning, my heart kept echoing a prayer for 2010 from Psalm 90:12:
Teach me to number my days aright, that I may gain a heart of wisdom. (NIV)
I've been mulling this concept for about a month now. I'd love to hear what you think it means or looks like to number our days aright. And what do you think the connection is between doing this and growing in wisdom?
So that's where I'm at both physically and mentally right now as this year draws to a close. I hope that wherever you you are, you are warm, well and looking forward to 2010.


text:
Cebranopadol hemicitrate, GRT-6005
Phase III
Grünenthal GmbH innovator
A mu-opioid agonist for treatment of neuropathic pain and pain due to osteoarthritis.
CAS No.863513-92-2(Cebranopadol Hemicitrate)
Spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3'H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine, 6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-, trans
Cebranopadol (GRT-6005) is a novel opioid analgesic of the benzenoid class which is currently under development internationally by Grünenthal, a German pharmaceutical company, and its partner Depomed, a pharmaceutical company in the United States, for the treatment of a variety of different acute and chronic pain states.[1][2][3] As of November 2014, it is in phase III clinical trials. Cebranopadol is unique in its mechanism of action as an opioid, binding to and activating all four of the opioid receptors; it acts as afull agonist of the nociceptin receptor (Ki = 0.9 nM; EC50 = 13.0; IA = 89%), μ-opioid receptor (Ki = 0.7 nM; EC50 = 1.2; IA = 104%), and δ-opioid receptor (Ki = 18 nM; EC50 = 110; IA = 105%), and as a partial agonist of the κ-opioid receptor (Ki = 2.6 nM; EC50 = 17; IA = 67%).[1] The ED50 values of 0.5-5.6 µg/kg when introduced IV & 25.1 µg/kg after oral administration.[4]
Cebranopadol shows highly potent and effective antinociceptive and antihypertensive effects in a variety of different animal modelsof pain.[1] Notably, it has also been found to be more potent in models of chronic neuropathic pain than acute nociceptive paincompared to selective μ-opioid receptor agonists.[1] Relative to morphine, tolerance to the analgesic effects of cebranopadol has been found to be delayed (26 days versus 11 days for complete tolerance).[1] In addition, unlike morphine, cebranopadol has not been found to affect motor coordination or reduce respiration in animals at doses in or over the dosage range for analgesia.[1] As such, it may have improved and prolonged efficaciousness and greater tolerability in comparison to currently available opioid analgesics.[1]
As an agonist of the κ-opioid receptor, cebranopadol may have the capacity to produce psychotomimetic effects and other adverse reactions at sufficiently high doses, a property which could potentially limit its practical clinical dosage range.[5]
Cebranopadol (trans-6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3′H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine) is a novel analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) and opioid receptor agonist [Ki (nM)/EC50(nM)/relative efficacy (%): human NOP receptor 0.9/13.0/89; human mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor 0.7/1.2/104; human kappa-opioid peptide receptor 2.6/17/67; human delta-opioid peptide receptor 18/110/105]. Cebranopadol exhibits highly potent and efficacious antinociceptive and antihypersensitive effects in several rat models of acute and chronic pain (tail-flick, rheumatoid arthritis, bone cancer, spinal nerve ligation, diabetic neuropathy) with ED50 values of 0.5−5.6 µg/kg after intravenous and 25.1 µg/kg after oral administration. In comparison with selective MOP receptor agonists, cebranopadol was more potent in models of chronic neuropathic than acute nociceptive pain. Cebranopadol's duration of action is long (up to 7 hours after intravenous 12 µg/kg; >9 hours after oral 55 µg/kg in the rat tail-flick test). The antihypersensitive activity of cebranopadol in the spinal nerve ligation model was partially reversed by pretreatment with the selective NOP receptor antagonist J-113397[1-[(3R,4R)-1-cyclooctylmethyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-piperidyl]-3-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one] or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, indicating that both NOP and opioid receptor agonism are involved in this activity. Development of analgesic tolerance in the chronic constriction injury model was clearly delayed compared with that from an equianalgesic dose of morphine (complete tolerance on day 26 versus day 11, respectively). Unlike morphine, cebranopadol did not disrupt motor coordination and respiration at doses within and exceeding the analgesic dose range. Cebranopadol, by its combination of agonism at NOP and opioid receptors, affords highly potent and efficacious analgesia in various pain models with a favorable side effect profile.
Almost 20 years ago, a new member of the opioid receptor family and its endogenous agonist were described (Meunier et al., 1995; Reinscheid et al., 1995). Because of its partial homology to the opioid receptors [mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor, delta-opioid peptide (DOP) receptor, kappa-opioid peptide (KOP) receptor] and its insensitivity to the prototypical opioid agonist and antagonist ligands morphine and naloxone, this receptor was initially termed opioid receptor-like receptor, ORL1. Subsequently, it was renamed the nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor after its endogenous ligand nociceptin, and it is now considered to be a non-opioid member of the opioid receptor family (Cox et al., 2009). At a cellular level, the actions of the NOP receptor are broadly similar to those of the opioid receptors (Chiou et al., 2007; Lambert, 2008). Although NOP receptors are clearly expressed at all levels of the pain pathways, it is thought that NOP and MOP receptors are not colocalized in the same neurons and may, thus, have independent actions in at least partly distinct neuronal networks (Monteillet-Agius et al., 1998).
The role of the NOP receptor in pain and analgesia has remained unclear for some time owing to inconsistent findings in early reports using nociceptin to activate the receptor. Being a peptide, nociceptin was administered locally into the central nervous system (CNS) where it produced both pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects when administered supraspinally (Meunier et al., 1995; Calo and Guerrini, 2013). Remarkably, when administered into the spinal cord of rodents and nonhuman primates, nociceptin consistently produced antinociceptive effects (Ko et al., 2009; Sukhtankar and Ko, 2013). Subsequent studies of systemic administration of nonpeptide NOP receptor agonists revealed that such compounds were effective analgesics in animal pain models. Although evidence for antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects in rodents is limited and inconsistent (Jenck et al., 2000; Reiss et al., 2008), Ko et al. (2009) demonstrated impressive antinociceptive and antiallodynic potency and efficacy using the NOP receptor agonist Ro64-6198 in Rhesus monkeys. Potency and efficacy were comparable with those of alfentanil but with a complete absence of alfentanil-associated side effects such as itching/scratching and respiratory depression and no evidence of reinforcing effects (Ko et al., 2009; Podlesnik et al., 2011).
Currently, strong MOP receptor agonists are the most effective drugs for the treatment of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. However, although these drugs provide potent analgesia, they also carry the risk of severe side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation, and their use may lead to physical dependence and tolerance (Zöllner and Stein, 2007). In addition, opioids are considered to have limited efficacy in treating chronic nociceptive and neuopathic pain owing to a reduction in the already low therapeutic index (Rosenblum et al., 2008; Labianca et al., 2012). For these reasons, there is an unmet medical need for potent and well-tolerated analgesics for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain.
As NOP and opioid receptor agonists modulate pain and nociception via distinct yet related targets, combining both mechanisms may constitute an interesting and novel approach for the development of innovative analgesics. Notably, a supra-additive interaction between intrathecal morphine and intrathecal nociceptin has been described in rodents (Courteix et al., 2004), as well as an enhancement of the antinociceptive effect of systemic morphine by systemic administration of Ro64-6198 (Reiss et al., 2008). Furthermore, a synergistic effect of concurrent NOP and MOP receptor activation without significant side effects has been demonstrated in nonhuman primates after systemic administration (Cremeans et al., 2012). At the same time, activation of NOP receptors has been proposed to counteract supraspinal opioid activity; in animal studies, NOP receptor agonists do not generate typical opioid-like side effects and may even ameliorate opioid-related side effects when administered concurrently with an opioid agonist (Ko et al., 2009; Rutten et al., 2010; Toll, 2013). Thus, a combination of NOP and opioid receptor activation may be particularly suited to provide potent analgesia with reduced opioid-like side effects.
To explore the potential benefits of NOP and opioid receptor coactivation, novel compounds acting as agonists on both NOP and opioid receptors have been designed (Molinari et al., 2013; Zaveri et al., 2013). This article describes the preclinical pharmacology of cebranopadol, a potent NOP and opioid receptor agonist derived from a novel chemical series of spiro[cyclohexane-dihydropyrano[3,4-b]indol]-amines (S. Schunk, K. Linz, C. Hinze, S. Frormann, S. Oberbörsch, B. Sundermann, S. Zemolka, W. Englberger, T. Germann, T. Christoph, B.Y. Kögel, W. Schröder, S. Harlfinger, D. Saunders, A. Kless, H. Schick, and H. Sonnenschein, submitted manuscript) that was developed by Grünenthal (Aachen, Germany) and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of severe chronic pain……..http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/349/3/535.full
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2014), 5(8), 857-862.
Discovery of a Potent Analgesic NOP and Opioid Receptor Agonist: Cebranopadol
In a previous communication, our efforts leading from 1 to the identification of spiro[cyclohexane-dihydropyrano[3,4-b]indole]-amine 2a as analgesic NOP and opioid receptor agonist were disclosed and their favorable in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties revealed. We herein report our efforts to further optimize lead 2a, toward trans-6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3′H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine (cebranopadol, 3a), which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of severe chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain.
October the family Grünenthal GmbH celebrated its longtime employee in Aachen-Eilendorf. Proud 680 years of service …
Example 24 1,1-(3-Dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole hemicitrate, More Non-polar diastereoisomer
4-Dimethylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone (651 mg, 3 mmoles) and 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol ("5-fluorotryptophol", 537 mg, 3 mmoles) were initially introduced into abs. MC (20 ml) under argon. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trimethylsilyl ester (0.6 ml, 3.1 mmoles) was then added very rapidly. The mixture was stirred at RT for 20 h. For working up, 1 M NaOH (30 ml) was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The organic phase was separated, and the aqueous phase which remained was extracted with MC (3×60 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with water (2×30 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate. Methanol (30 ml) was added to the solid residue obtained after the solvent had been distilled off, and the mixture was heated, and stirred for 15 hours. The solid contained in the suspension was filtered off with suction and dried. 955 mg of the more non-polar diastereoisomer of 1,1-(3-dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole were obtained (m.p. 284-292° C.). 850 mg of this were dissolved in hot ethanol (900 ml), and a similarly hot solution of citric acid (1 g, 5.2 mmoles) in ethanol (20 ml) was added. After approx. 15 minutes, crystals precipitated out at the boiling point. After cooling to approx. 5° C., the mixture was left to stand for 2 h. The solid formed was filtered off with suction. 640 mg of the hemicitrate were obtained as a white solid (m.p. 258-282° C.).
Example 25 1,1-(3-Dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole hemicitrate, More Polar diastereoisomer
4-Dimethylamino-4-phenylcyclohexanone (217 mg, 1 mmole) and 2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol ("5-fluorotryptophol", 179 mg, 1 mmole) were dissolved in conc. acetic acid (4 ml). Phosphoric acid (1 ml, 85 wt. %) was slowly added dropwise to this mixture. The mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. For working up, the mixture was diluted with water (20 ml), brought to pH 11 with 5 M NaOH and extracted with MC (3×20 ml). The combined organic phases were dried with sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue (364 mg of white solid) was suspended in hot ethanol (20 ml), and a similarly hot solution of citric acid (185 mg, 0.96 mmole) in ethanol (5 ml) was added. The residue thereby dissolved completely and no longer precipitated out even on cooling to approx. 5° C. Ethanol was removed on a rotary evaporator and the hemicitrate of the more polar diastereoisomer of 1,1-(3-dimethylamino-3-phenylpentamethylene)-6-fluoro-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole was obtained in this way in a yield of 548 mg as a white solid (m.p. 148-155° C.).
|more non-polar diastereomer
|more polar diastereomer
(1 r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N- dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3'H-spiro[cyclohexane-1 ,1 '-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine (free base), has the following structural formula (I):
One particular drug that is of great interest for use in treating cancer pain (and other acute, visceral, neuropathic and chronic pain pain disorders) is (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4b]indol]-4-amine. This drug is depicted below as the compound of formula (I).
The solid forms of (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3′H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4b]indol]-4-amine that are known so far are not satisfactory in every respect and there is a demand for advantageous solid forms
In a previous communication, our efforts leading from 1 to the identification of spiro[cyclohexane-dihydropyrano[3,4-b]indole]-amine 2a as analgesic NOP and opioid receptor agonist were disclosed and their favorable in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties revealed. We herein report our efforts to further optimize lead 2a, toward trans-6′-fluoro-4′,9′-dihydro-N,N-dimethyl-4-phenyl-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′(3′H)-pyrano[3,4-b]indol]-4-amine (cebranopadol, 3a), which is currently in clinical development for the treatment of severe chronic nociceptive and neuropathic pain.
Discovery of a Potent Analgesic NOP and Opioid Receptor Agonist: Cebranopadol
b]indol]-4-amine, trans-, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate (2:1)
2.76 (m,6 H); 3.88 (t, 2 H); 6.86 (dt, 1 H); 7.10 (dd, 1 H); 7.30-7.43 (m, 6 H); 10.91 (br
s, 1 H).
overlap); 71.5; 72.2; 102.3 (2JC,F = 23 Hz); 105.6 (3JC,F = 4 Hz); 108.3 (2JC,F = 26 Hz);
156,7 (1JC,F = 231 Hz); 171.3 (2 C), 175.3.HPLC-MS: m/z 378.9 [M + H]+
|Aug 4, 2011
|Feb 9, 2012
|Gruenenthal Gmbh
|Pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising 6′-fluoro-(N-methyl- or N,N-dimethyl-)-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3'H-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine
|Jul 6, 2012
|Jan 10, 2013
|Gruenenthal Gmbh
|Crystalline (1r,4r)-6′-fluoro-n,n-dimethyl-4-phenyl-4′,9′-dihydro-3'h-spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-pyrano[3,4,b]indol]-4-amine
|Nov 5, 2003
|May 27, 2004
|Otto Aulenbacher
|Spirocyclic cyclohexane derivatives
|Sep 26, 2007
|Apr 10, 2008
|Gruenenthal Gmbh
|MIXED ORL 1/μ AGONISTS FOR TREATING PAIN
- Linz K, Christoph T, Tzschentke TM; et al. (June 2014). "Cebranopadol: a novel potent analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide and opioid receptor agonist". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 349 (3): 535–48. doi:10.1124/jpet.114.213694.PMID 24713140.
- Schunk S, Linz K, Hinze C; et al. (August 2014). "Discovery of a Potent Analgesic NOP and Opioid Receptor Agonist: Cebranopadol". ACS Med Chem Lett 5 (8): 857–62.doi:10.1021/ml500117c. PMID 25147603.
- Lambert DG, Bird MF, Rowbotham DJ (September 2014). "Cebranopadol: a first in-class example of a nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor and opioid receptor agonist". Br J Anaesth114: 364–6. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu332. PMID 25248647.
- Cebranopadol: a novel potent analgesic nociceptin/orphanin FQ peptide and opioid receptor agonist. Journal of Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2014 Jun;349(3):535-48. doi: 10.1124/jpet.114.213694
- Pfeiffer A, Brantl V, Herz A, Emrich HM (August 1986). "Psychotomimesis mediated by kappa opiate receptors". Science 233 (4765): 774–6. doi:10.1126/science.3016896.PMID 3016896.
- Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs (2015), 24(6), 837-844
- Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (2014), 349(3), 535-548,
External links
|Systematic (IUPAC) name
|Pharmacokinetic data
|Biological half-life
|~4.5 hours
|CAS Number
|ATC code
|Chemical data
|Molar mass
|378.482 g/mol
////Cebranopadol hemicitrate, GRT-6005, Cebranopadol, セブラノパドール


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"On Your Feet," a grand tribute to the Gloria and Emilio Estefan's power-couple rise to stardom draws on intricate, immigrant family dynamics, uncanny business moxie and determination.
The early scenes are bathed in a bright Cuban summer light by Anthony Pearson, underlining David Rockwell's lush vegetation and Esosa's vivid costumes. Opening on the unrest in Cuba circa 1959, Batista's dictatorship is overthrown by the popular Castro. That signals the exodus of many elite Batista loyalists including Gloria Estefan's family.
One of thousands of displaced Cubans in Miami; Gloria consoles herself by singing songs recorded by her father (who's fighting in the Viet Nam War) while preparing for college. Early on, Emilio Estefan (Josh Segarra)
spots Gloria and sets his cap for her. Already in the music industry, he convinces her to sing and write songs for the Miami Latin Boys.
Embittered by crushed dreams, Gloria's mother, a riveting Andrea Burns, remains antagonistic to her daughter's career, and takes years before finally embracing Gloria. In contrast, Gloria's dreams of success and happiness are embraced by her father and her wry, lovable grandmother (Alma Cuervo).
In the course of their ascent - and like so many artists before them - music executives try to water down the original, authentic sound, but Ernesto will have none of it. Completely charming and a mighty fine dancer, Emilio snares control over the Estefan songbook and becomes a commanding music producer.
This hard-driving musical pulls much of its velocity from the music and sensational Ana Villafne as Gloria Estefan. Ms. Villafne both looks and sounds like the star, deepening her role with genuine thoughtfulness.
Music embellishes the book by Alexander Dinelaris, and Mitchell's unstoppable action keeps percolating when the mega – hit "Conga" overcomes the audience and act two peaks at the first strums of "Get On Your Feet." And happily, Trujillo cast a dynamic core of male dancers who dig into the ground, hips fulid, chests out and bodies delighting in mambo and salsa's tricky rhythms.
Finally darkness marks the wild ride when Gloria, paralyzed after a road accident, leaves the spotlight. After countless, painful days of physical therapy and a constant love infusion from Emilio, she returns to howls of excitement.
EYE ON THE ARTS, NY -- Celia Ipiotis


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Austin's Urban Forest Plan was adopted by Austin City Council on Thursday March 6th, 2014.
Austin's Urban Forest Plan: A Master Plan for Public Property (Online Document Viewer)
Today, urban forests are increasingly considered an element of a much larger green infrastructure network. Within this network, the urban forest is an invaluable resource that plays an integral role in Austin's health and vitality by providing social, ecological, and economic benefits to the community and by enhancing the quality of life for Austin residents. The impacts from continuing growth and development, combined with long term drought conditions create an imperative to develop a plan to support the long term health and vitality of our public urban forest resource.
The Austin Urban Forest Plan: A Master Plan for Public Property establishes a broad scoped, long-range vision for Austin's public urban forest. It provides a framework for the City of Austin to use as a guide for managing the public urban forest over the next 20 years. Implementation will roll out in 2014 after Council adoption and includes a road map to reach the comprehensive vision. Each City department that interacts with trees on public property will develop their own tailored Departmental Operational Plan to address specific issues such as existing tree care, new plantings, and canopy coverage goals. There will also be an annual State of the Urban Forest Report which will track the overall health of Austin's public urban forest.
Austin Urban Forest Plan: A Master Plan for Public Property
- Appendices:
A. Performance Report Card Template (Adobe Acrobat Reader)
B. Departmental Operational Plan Template (Adobe Acrobat Reader)
C. Public Process (Adobe Acrobat Reader)
- Community Input (Draft Version 11-11-13) - A full list of all public comments received, this spreadsheet will be used as a resource for departments when they're developing their Departmental Operational Plans.
Dig in and learn more about Austin's Urban Forest Plan
Check out this amazing satellite time lapse of Austin from 1984 to 2012!


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Immediately after my last post was written I rode up Mt Albert to my friend Alex's place, then we had a great ride down a track we call Sifty into Houghton Bay...
Then we rode back up Houghton Valley Road to the summit of Mt Albert, down past the zoo and up to Truby King House, where Al did some mad hucks as captured by my superb photography skills.
The week was busy as. The Taupo/K2 rush in full effect, along with all the regular work - and I still have to get onto reviving Peter's Healing 10 Speed!
My neighbour Neil had an unfortunate accident on his lovely old Cecil Walker that munted his frame/forks, front wheel, bars and stem.
He got a Salsa La Raza frameset from TradeMe which he got my old buddy Ross Bee to repaint in the orange hue he wanted.
As usual Ross did a lovely job, and once I'd cleaned the parts up and rebuilt the bike it looked wicked. And before I get the usual blizzard of emails criticising the stem height, please note that the geo between the two bikes is different and I'd rather cut the steerer down than try to lengthen it later on. ;)
Among other jobs I had to deal with was a road bike with a persistently loosening headset. This bike had been built by a prominent Wellington bike shop and had been returned several times to have this issue sorted without success, but as soon as I removed the headset top cap I could see what was going on. The steerer tube had been cut without using a guide and was one of the most lumpy cuts I've ever seen. This meant the top cap was butting up onto the steerer at one point, causing it to both bind and be loose at the same time. It always pisses me off to see this kind of crap workmanship come out of shops, but I guess it's good for me when I sort it out and end up with a new client...
Here's Ant's lovely Santa Cruz BlurXC I did some brake fettling on.
Some months ago I saw an ad for a book on cyclingnews.com that I HAD to have for my library, so I put in a pre-order with Amazon. It arrived and I have been devouring it's contents whenever I get the chance. An awesome book to add to the archive.
Now, you may be wondering why this post is called "10th Anniversary". This is for two reasons; firstly, and most importantly, it is 10 years since I met my beautiful wife Jacq. We met when she was celebrating her birthday and the 10 years we've been together have been full of joy and sadness, trials and tribulations, good times and bad, but we've been through them all together and are more in love than ever. Arohanui, Jacq...
I baked this cake for her birthday
Secondly, it's the 10th anniversary of the Makara Peak Mountainbike Park. As followers of my blog will be well aware, I'm a huge fan of this superb facility for all levels of off-road riding, so it was great to help celebrate the first decade of it's official existence. We were supposed to party at the Skills Area but a foul Wellington day meant the function was shifted to the Karori Park Hall. Great fun with games like the tyre toss and quick tube change - both of which I was utterly inept at, although the tube change would have gone better if not for a dud track pump!
There was excellent party food and a big cake. Some hardy types went for a ride in the rain afterwards (at least the regenerating native trees would shelter them from the gale-force wind!), but I'd run out of time and had to head home...
Here are some pics of some of the movers and shakers of the MPS:
MPS Chairperson Ben Wilde
Some of the attendees
MPS Secretary John Randal
City Councillor and staunch friend of the Park, Andy Foster
Simon Kennett, one of the Prime Instigators of the Park from it's inception, relates some history of how it all got started
Jonathan Kennett blows out the candles on the cake
Bonne Anniversaire, MPS and Jacq and Oli!
I'll be back in a day or two to write up my Road Trip to Rotorua last weekend. Until then, thanks for reading. Cheers, Oli


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