text:
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Seal of the Environmental Protection Agency
Flag of the Environmental Protection Agency
|Agency overview
|December 2, 1970
William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building
Washington, D.C., U.S.
38°53′38″N 77°01′44″W / 38.8939°N 77.0289°WCoordinates: 38°53′38″N 77°01′44″W / 38.8939°N 77.0289°W
|14,172 (2018)[1][2]
|Annual budget
|$8.1 billion (2018)[1]
|Agency executive
The Environmental Protection Agency is an independent agency of the United States federal government for environmental protection.[3] President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9, 1970[4] and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. The agency is led by its Administrator, who is appointed by the President and approved by Congress. The current acting Administrator following the resignation of Scott Pruitt is Deputy Administrator Andrew Wheeler.[5] The EPA is not a Cabinet department, but the Administrator is normally given cabinet rank.
The EPA has its headquarters in Washington, D.C., regional offices for each of the agency's ten regions, and 27 laboratories.[6] The agency conducts environmental assessment, research, and education. It has the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing national standards under a variety of environmental laws, in consultation with state, tribal, and local governments. It delegates some permitting, monitoring, and enforcement responsibility to U.S. states and the federally recognized tribes. EPA enforcement powers include fines, sanctions, and other measures. The agency also works with industries and all levels of government in a wide variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts.
In 2018, the agency had 14,172 full-time employees.[7] More than half of EPA's employees are engineers, scientists, and environmental protection specialists; other employees include legal, public affairs, financial, and information technologists. In 2017 the Trump administration proposed a 31% cut to the EPA's budget to $5.7 billion from $8.1 billion and to eliminate a quarter of the agency jobs.[8] However, this cut was not approved by Congress.
The Environmental Protection Agency can only act under statutes, which are the authority of laws passed by Congress. Congress must approve the statute and they also have the power to authorize or prohibit certain actions, which the EPA has to implement and enforce. Appropriations statutes authorize how much money the agency can spend each year to carry out the approved statutes. The Environmental Protection Agency has the power to issue regulations. A regulation is a standard or rule written by the agency to interpret the statute, apply it in situations and enforce it. Congress allows the EPA to write regulations in order to solve a problem, but the agency must include a rationale of why the regulations need to be implemented. The regulations can be challenged by the Courts, where the regulation is overruled or confirmed. Many public health and environmental groups advocate for the agency and believe that it is creating a better world. Other critics believe that the agency commits government overreach by adding unnecessary regulations on business and property owners.[9]
Beginning in the late 1950s and through the 1960s, Congress reacted to increasing public concern about the impact that human activity could have on the environment.[10][11][12] Senator James E. Murray introduced a bill, the Resources and Conservation Act (RCA) of 1959, in the 86th Congress. The 1962 publication of Silent Spring by Rachel Carson alerted the public about the detrimental effects on the environment of the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[13]
In the years following, similar bills were introduced and hearings were held to discuss the state of the environment and Congress's potential responses. In 1968, a joint House–Senate colloquium was convened by the chairmen of the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Senator Henry M. Jackson, and the House Committee on Science and Astronautics, Representative George Miller, to discuss the need for and means of implementing a national environmental policy. In the colloquium, some members of Congress expressed a continuing concern over federal agency actions affecting the environment.[14]
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA)[15] was modeled on the Resources and Conservation Act of 1959 (RCA).[16] RCA would have established a Council on Environmental Quality in the office of the President, declared a national environmental policy, and required the preparation of an annual environmental report.[17][18][19][20]
President Nixon signed NEPA into law on January 1, 1970. The law created the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) in the Executive Office of the President.[10][21] NEPA required that a detailed statement of environmental impacts be prepared for all major federal actions significantly affecting the environment. The "detailed statement" would ultimately be referred to as an environmental impact statement (EIS).[10]
On July 9, 1970, Nixon proposed an executive reorganization that consolidated many environmental responsibilities of the federal government under one agency, a new Environmental Protection Agency.[22] This proposal included merging antipollution programs from a number of departments, such as the combination of pesticide programs from the United States Department of Agriculture, Department of Interior, and U.S. Department of Interior.[23] After conducting hearings during that summer, the House and Senate approved the proposal. The EPA was created 90 days before it had to operate[24], and officially opened its doors on December 2, 1970. The agency's first Administrator, William Ruckelshaus, took the oath of office on December 4, 1970.[12] In its first year, the EPA had a budget of $1.4 billion and 5,800 employees.[23] At its start, the EPA was primarily a technical assistance agency that set goals and standards. Soon, new acts and amendments passed by Congress gave the agency its regulatory authority.[25]
EPA staff recall that in the early days there was "an enormous sense of purpose and excitement" and the expectation that "there was this agency which was going to do something about a problem that clearly was on the minds of a lot of people in this country," leading to tens of thousands of resumes from those eager to participate in the mighty effort to clean up America's environment.[26]
When EPA first began operation, members of the private sector felt strongly that the environmental protection movement was a passing fad. Ruckelshaus stated that he felt pressure to show a public which was deeply skeptical about government's effectiveness, that EPA could respond effectively to widespread concerns about pollution.[27]
In April 1986, when the Chernobyl disaster occurred, the EPA was tasked with identifying an impacts on the United States and keeping the public informed. Administrator Lee Thomas assembled a cross-agency team, including personal from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of Energy to monitor the situation. They held press conferences for 10 days[28].
The EPA also researched the implications of stratospheric ozone depletion. Under the leadership of Administrator Lee Thomas, the EPA joined with several international organizations to perform a risk assessment of stratospheric ozone[29], which helped provide motivation for the Montreal Protocol, which was agreed to in August 1987.
In 1988, during his first presidential campaign, George H. W. Bush was vocal about environmental issues. He appointed as his EPA administrator William Reilly, an environmentalist. Under Reilly's leadership, the EPA implemented voluntary programs and a cluster rule for multimedia regulation. At time, the environment was increasingly being recognized as a regional issue, which was reflected in 1990 amendment of the Clean Air Act and new approaches by the agency[30].
The EPA is led by an Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. From February 2017 to July 2018, Scott Pruitt served as the 14th Administrator. The current acting administrator is Deputy Administrator Andrew R. Wheeler.
- Office of the Administrator (OA).[31] As of March 2017 the office consisted of 11 divisions, the Office of Administrative and Executive Services, Office of Children's Health Protection, Office of Civil Rights, Office of Congressional and Intergovernmental Relations, Office of the Executive Secretariat, Office of Homeland Security, Office of Policy, Office of Public Affairs, Office of Public Engagement and Environmental Education, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Science Advisory Board.
- Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM)[32]
- Office of Air and Radiation (OAR)[33]
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP)[34]
- Office of the Chief Financial Officer (OCFO)[35]
- Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA)[36]
- Office of Environmental Information (OEI)[37]
- Office of General Counsel (OGC)[38]
- Office of Inspector General (OIG)[39]
- Office of International and Tribal Affairs (OITA)[40]
- Office of Research and Development (ORD)[41] which as of March 2017 consisted of the
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, National Center for Environmental Assessment,[42] National Center for Environmental Research, National Exposure Research Laboratory, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, National Homeland Security Research Center, National Risk Management Research Laboratory
- Office of Land and Emergency Management (OLEM)[43]
- which as of March 2017 consisted of the Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, Office of Resource Conservation and Recovery, Office of Underground Storage Tanks, Office of Brownfields and Land Revitalization, Office of Emergency Management, Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office.
Creating 10 EPA regions was an initiative that came from President Richard Nixon.[46] See Standard Federal Regions.
Each EPA regional office is responsible within its states for implementing the Agency's programs, except those programs that have been specifically delegated to states.
- Region 1: responsible within the states of Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont (New England).
- Region 2: responsible within the states of New Jersey and New York. It is also responsible for the US territories of Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
- Region 3: responsible within the states of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia.
- Region 4: responsible within the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee.
- Region 5: responsible within the states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
- Region 6: responsible within the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas.
- Region 7: responsible within the states of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska.
- Region 8: responsible within the states of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
- Region 9: responsible within the states of Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, the territories of Guam and American Samoa, and the Navajo Nation.[47]
- Region 10: responsible within the states of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
Each regional office also implements programs on Indian Tribal lands, except those programs delegated to tribal authorities.
Related legislation
EPA has principal implementation authority for the following federal environmental laws:
- Clean Air Act
- Clean Water Act
- Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act ("Superfund")
- Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
- Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
- Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
- Safe Drinking Water Act
- Toxic Substances Control Act.
There are additional laws where EPA has a contributing role or provides assistance to other agencies. Among these laws are:
- Endangered Species Act
- Energy Independence and Security Act
- Energy Policy Act
- Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
- Food Quality Protection Act
- National Environmental Policy Act
- Oil Pollution Act
- Pollution Prevention Act.
It is worth noting that, in looking back in 2013 on the agency he helped shape from the beginning, Administrator William Ruckelshaus observed that a danger for EPA was that air, water, waste and other programs would be unconnected, placed in "silos," a problem that persists more than 50 years later, albeit less so than at the start.[48]
EPA Safer Choice
The EPA Safer Choice label, previously known as the Design for the Environment (DfE) label, helps consumers and commercial buyers identify and select products with safer chemical ingredients, without sacrificing quality or performance. When a product has the Safer Choice label, it means that every intentionally-added ingredient in the product has been evaluated by EPA scientists. Only the safest possible functional ingredients are allowed in products with the Safer Choice label.
Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative
Through the Safer Detergents Stewardship Initiative (SDSI),[49] EPA's Design for the Environment (DfE) recognizes environmental leaders who voluntarily commit to the use of safer surfactants. Safer surfactants are the ones that break down quickly to non-polluting compounds and help protect aquatic life in both fresh and salt water. Nonylphenol ethoxylates, commonly referred to as NPEs, are an example of a surfactant class that does not meet the definition of a safer surfactant.
The Design for the Environment, which was renamed to EPA Safer Choice in 2015, has identified safer alternative surfactants through partnerships with industry and environmental advocates. These safer alternatives are comparable in cost and are readily available. CleanGredients[50] is a source of safer surfactants.
Energy Star
In 1992 the EPA launched the Energy Star program, a voluntary program that fosters energy efficiency. This program came out an increased effort to collaborate with industry. At the start, it motivated major companies to retrofit millions of square feet of building space with more efficient lighting[51]. As of 2006, more than 40,000 Energy Star products were available including major appliances, office equipment, lighting, home electronics, and more. In addition, the label can also be found on new homes and commercial and industrial buildings. In 2006, about 12 percent of new housing in the United States was labeled Energy Star.[52]
The EPA estimates it saved about $14 billion in energy costs in 2006 alone. The Energy Star program has helped spread the use of LED traffic lights, efficient fluorescent lighting, power management systems for office equipment, and low standby energy use.[53]
Smart Growth
EPA's Smart Growth Program, which began in 1998, is to help communities improve their development practices and get the type of development they want. Together with local, state, and national experts, EPA encourages development strategies that protect human health and the environment, create economic opportunities, and provide attractive and affordable neighborhoods for people of all income levels.[54]
EPA administers the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (which is much older than the agency) and registers all pesticides legally sold in the United States.
Fuel economy
The testing system was originally developed in 1972 and used driving cycles designed to simulate driving during rush-hour in Los Angeles during that era. Until 1984 the EPA reported the exact fuel economy figures calculated from the test. In 1984, the EPA began adjusting city (aka Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule or UDDS) results downward by 10% and highway (aka HighWay Fuel Economy Test or HWFET) results by 22% to compensate for changes in driving conditions since 1972, and to better correlate the EPA test results with real-world driving. In 1996, the EPA proposed updating the Federal Testing Procedures[55] to add a new higher-speed test (US06) and an air-conditioner-on test (SC03) to further improve the correlation of fuel economy and emission estimates with real-world reports. In December 2006 the updated testing methodology was finalized to be implemented in model year 2008 vehicles and set the precedent of a 12-year review cycle for the test procedures.[56]
In February 2005, EPA launched a program called "Your MPG" that allows drivers to add real-world fuel economy statistics into a database on the EPA's fuel economy website and compare them with others and with the original EPA test results.[57]
The EPA conducts fuel economy tests on very few vehicles. "Just 18 of the EPA's 17,000 employees work in the automobile-testing department in Ann Arbor, Michigan, examining 200 to 250 vehicles a year, or roughly 15 percent of new models. As to that other 85 percent, the EPA takes automakers at their word—without any testing-accepting submitted results as accurate."[58] Two-thirds of the vehicles the EPA tests themselves are randomly selected and the remaining third is tested for specific reasons.
Although originally created as a reference point for fossil-fueled vehicles, driving cycles have been used for estimating how many miles an electric vehicle will get on a single charge.[59]
Oil spill prevention program
EPA's oil spill prevention program includes the Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasure (SPCC) and the Facility Response Plan (FRP) rules. The SPCC Rule applies to all facilities that store, handle, process, gather, transfer, refine, distribute, use or consume oil or oil products. Oil products includes petroleum and non-petroleum oils as well as: animal fats, oils and greases; fish and marine mammal oils; and vegetable oils. It mandates a written plan for facilities that store more than 1,320 gallons of fuel above ground or more than 42,000 gallons below-ground, and which might discharge to navigable waters (as defined in the Clean Water Act) or adjoining shorelines. Secondary spill containment is mandated at oil storage facilities and oil release containment is required at oil development sites.[60]
Toxics Release Inventory
The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a resource for learning about toxic chemical releases and pollution prevention activities reported by industrial and federal facilities. TRI data support informed decision-making by communities, government agencies, companies, and others.[61]
WaterSense is an EPA program launched in June 2006 to encourage water efficiency in the United States through the use of a special label on consumer products.[62] Products include high-efficiency toilets (HETs), bathroom sink faucets (and accessories), and irrigation equipment. WaterSense is a voluntary program, with EPA developing specifications for water-efficient products through a public process and product testing by independent laboratories.[63]
Underground Storage Tanks Program
EPA regulates underground storage tanks (USTs) containing petroleum and hazardous chemicals under Subtitle I of the Solid Waste Disposal Act. This program was launched in 1985 and covers about 553,000 active USTs. Since 1984, 1.8 million USTs have been closed in compliance with regulations. 38 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico manage UST programs with EPA authorization.[64] When the program began EPA had only 90 staff to develop a system to regulate more than 2 million tanks and work with 750,000 owners and operators. Administrator Lee Thomas told the program's new manager, Ron Brand, that it would have to be done differently that EPA's traditional approach. This program therefore behaves differently than other EPA offices, focusing much more on local operations.[65]
Drinking water
EPA ensures safe drinking water for the public, by setting standards for more than 160,000 public water systems nationwide. EPA oversees states, local governments and water suppliers to enforce the standards under the Safe Drinking Water Act. The program includes regulation of injection wells in order to protect underground sources of drinking water. Select readings of amounts of certain contaminants in drinking water, precipitation, and surface water, in addition to milk and air, are reported on EPA's Rad Net web site[66] in a section entitled Envirofacts.[67] Despite mandatory reporting certain readings exceeding EPA MCL levels may be deleted or not included.[68][69] In 2013, an EPA draft revision relaxed regulations for radiation exposure through drinking water, stating that current standards are impractical to enforce. The EPA recommended that intervention was not necessary until drinking water was contaminated with radioactive iodine 131 at a concentration of 81,000 picocuries per liter (the limit for short term exposure set by the International Atomic Energy Agency), which was 27,000 times the prior EPA limit of 3 picocuries per liter for long term exposure.[70]
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program addresses water pollution by regulating point sources which discharge to US waters. Created in 1972 by the Clean Water Act, the NPDES permit program authorizes state governments to perform its many permitting, administrative, and enforcement aspects.[71] As of 2017, EPA has approved 46 states to administer all or portions of the permit program.[72] EPA regional offices manage the program in the remaining areas of the country.[71] The Water Quality Act of 1987 extended NPDES permit coverage to industrial stormwater dischargers and municipal separate storm sewer systems.[73]
Radiation protection
EPA has the following seven project groups to protect the public from radiation.[74]
- Radioactive Waste Management[75]
- Emergency Preparedness and Response Programs[76] Protective Action Guides And Planning Guidance for Radiological Incidents: EPA developed a manual as guideline for local and state governments to protect the public from a nuclear accident,[77] the 2017 version being a 15-year update.
- EPA's Role in Emergency Response – Special Teams[78]
- Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (TENORM) Program[79]
- Radiation Standards for Air and Drinking Water Programs[80]
- Federal Guidance for Radiation Protection[81]
Tools for Schools
EPA's Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools Program helps schools to maintain a healthy environment and reduce exposures to indoor environmental contaminants. It helps school personnel identify, solve, and prevent indoor air quality problems in the school environment. Through the use of a multi-step management plan and checklists for the entire building, schools can lower their students' and staff's risk of exposure to asthma triggers.[82]
Environmental education
The National Environmental Education Act of 1990 requires EPA to provide national leadership to increase environmental literacy. EPA established the Office of Environmental Education to implement this program.[83]
Clean School Bus USA
Clean School Bus USA is a national partnership to reduce children's exposure to diesel exhaust by eliminating unnecessary school bus idling, installing effective emission control systems on newer buses and replacing the oldest buses in the fleet with newer ones. Its goal is to reduce both children's exposure to diesel exhaust and the amount of air pollution created by diesel school buses.[84]
33/50 Program (Past)
In 1991 under Administrator William Reilly, the EPA implemented its voluntary 33/50 program[85]. This was designed to encourage, recognize, and celebrate companies that voluntarily found ways to prevent and reduce pollution in their operations[86].
Environmental justice
The EPA has been criticized for its lack of progress towards environmental justice. Administrator Christine Todd Whitman was criticized for her changes to President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12898 during 2001, removing the requirements for government agencies to take the poor and minority populations into special consideration when making changes to environmental legislation, and therefore defeating the spirit of the Executive Order.[87] In a March 2004 report, the inspector general of the agency concluded that the EPA "has not developed a clear vision or a comprehensive strategic plan, and has not established values, goals, expectations, and performance measurements" for environmental justice in its daily operations. Another report in September 2006 found the agency still had failed to review the success of its programs, policies and activities towards environmental justice.[88] Studies have also found that poor and minority populations were underserved by the EPA's Superfund program, and that this situation was worsening.[87]
Barriers to enforcing environmental justice
Many environmental justice issues are local, and therefore difficult to address by a federal agency, such as the EPA. Without strong media attention, political interest, or 'crisis' status, local issues are less likely to be addressed at the federal level compared to larger, well publicized incidents.
Conflicting political powers in successive administrations: The White House maintains direct control over the EPA, and its enforcements are subject to the political agenda of who is in power. Republicans and Democrats differ in their approaches to environmental justice. While President Bill Clinton signed the executive order 12898, the Bush administration did not develop a clear plan or establish goals for integrating environmental justice into everyday practices, affecting the motivation for environmental enforcement.[89]
The EPA is responsible for preventing and detecting environmental crimes, informing the public of environmental enforcement, and setting and monitoring standards of air pollution, water pollution, hazardous wastes and chemicals. "It is difficult to construct a specific mission statement given its wide range of responsibilities."[90] It is impossible to address every environmental crime adequately or efficiently if there is no specific mission statement to refer to. The EPA answers to various groups, competes for resources, and confronts a wide array of harms to the environment. All of these present challenges, including a lack of resources, its self-policing policy, and a broadly defined legislation that creates too much discretion for EPA officers.[91]
The EPA "does not have the authority or resources to address injustices without an increase in federal mandates" requiring private industries to consider the environmental ramifications of their activities.[92]
Research vessel, 2004–2013
In March 2004, the U.S. Navy transferred USNS Bold (T-AGOS-12), a Stalwart class ocean surveillance ship, to the EPA. The ship had been used in anti-submarine operations during the Cold War, was equipped with sidescan sonar, underwater video, water and sediment sampling instruments used in study of ocean and coastline. One of the major missions of the Bold was to monitor for ecological impact sites where materials were dumped from dredging operations in U.S. ports.[93] In 2013, the General Services Administration sold the Bold to Seattle Central Community College (SCCC), which demonstrated in a competition that they would put it to the highest and best purpose, at a nominal cost of $5,000.[94]
Advance identification
Advance identification, or ADID, is a planning process used by the EPA to identify wetlands and other bodies of water and their respective suitability for the discharge of dredged and fill material. The EPA conducts the process in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and local states or Native American Tribes. As of February 1993, 38 ADID projects had been completed and 33 were ongoing.[95]
Freedom of Information Act processing performance
In the latest Center for Effective Government analysis of 15 federal agencies which receive the most Freedom of Information Act FOIA requests, published in 2015 (using 2012 and 2013 data, the most recent years available), the EPA earned a D by scoring 67 out of a possible 100 points, i.e. did not earn a satisfactory overall grade.[96]
Controversies (1983–present)
Fiscal mismanagement, 1983
In 1982 Congress charged that the EPA had mishandled the $1.6 billion program to clean up hazardous waste dumps Superfund and demanded records from EPA director Anne M. Gorsuch. She refused and became the first agency director in U.S. history to be cited for contempt of Congress. The EPA turned the documents over to Congress several months later, after the White House abandoned its court claim that the documents could not be subpoenaed by Congress because they were covered by executive privilege. At that point, Gorsuch resigned her post, citing pressures caused by the media and the congressional investigation.[97] Critics charged that the EPA was in a shambles at that time.[98] When Lee Thomas came to the agency in 1983 as Acting Assistant Administrator of the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, shortly before Gorsuch's resignation, six congressional committees were investigating the Superfund program. There were also two FBI agents performing an investigation for the Justice Department into possible destruction of documents[99].
Gorsuch, appointed by Ronald Reagan, resigned under fire in 1983. Gorsuch based her administration of the EPA on the New Federalism approach of downsizing federal agencies by delegating their functions and services to the individual states.[100] She believed that the EPA was over-regulating business and that the agency was too large and not cost-effective. During her 22 months as agency head, she cut the budget of the EPA by 22%, reduced the number of cases filed against polluters, relaxed Clean Air Act regulations, and facilitated the spraying of restricted-use pesticides. She cut the total number of agency employees, and hired staff from the industries they were supposed to be regulating.[101] Environmentalists contended that her policies were designed to placate polluters, and accused her of trying to dismantle the agency.[102]
Political pressure and scientific integrity, 2001–present
In April 2008, the Union of Concerned Scientists said that more than half of the nearly 1,600 EPA staff scientists who responded online to a detailed questionnaire reported they had experienced incidents of political interference in their work. The survey included chemists, toxicologists, engineers, geologists and experts in other fields of science. About 40% of the scientists reported that the interference had been more prevalent in the last five years than in previous years. The highest number of complaints came from scientists who were involved in determining the risks of cancer by chemicals used in food and other aspects of everyday life.[103]
EPA research has also been suppressed by career managers.[104] Supervisors at EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment required several paragraphs to be deleted from a peer-reviewed journal article about EPA's integrated risk information system, which led two co-authors to have their names removed from the publication, and the corresponding author, Ching-Hung Hsu, to leave EPA "because of the draconian restrictions placed on publishing".[105] EPA subjects employees who author scientific papers to prior restraint, even if those papers are written on personal time.[106]
EPA employees have reported difficulty in conducting and reporting the results of studies on hydraulic fracturing due to industry[107][108][109] and governmental pressure, and are concerned about the censorship of environmental reports.[107][110][111]
In 2015, the Government Accountability Office stated that the EPA violated federal law with covert propaganda on their social media platforms. The social media messaging that was used promoted materials supporting the Waters of the United States rule, including materials that were designed to oppose legislative efforts to limit or block the rule.[112]
In February 2017, U.S. Representative Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.) sponsored H.R. 861, a bill[113] to abolish the EPA by 2018. According to Gaetz, "The American people are drowning in rules and regulation promulgated by unelected bureaucrats. And the Environmental Protection Agency has become an extraordinary offender." The bill was co-sponsored by Thomas Massie (R-Ky.), Steven Palazzo (R-Ms.) and Barry Loudermilk (R-Ga.).[114]
Fuel economy, 2005–2010
In July 2005, an EPA report showing that auto companies were using loopholes to produce less fuel-efficient cars was delayed. The report was supposed to be released the day before a controversial energy bill was passed and would have provided backup for those opposed to it, but the EPA delayed its release at the last minute.[115]
In 2007, the state of California sued the EPA for its refusal to allow California and 16 other states to raise fuel economy standards for new cars.[116] EPA administrator Stephen L. Johnson claimed that the EPA was working on its own standards, but the move has been widely considered an attempt to shield the auto industry from environmental regulation by setting lower standards at the federal level, which would then preempt state laws.[117][118][119] California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, along with governors from 13 other states, stated that the EPA's actions ignored federal law, and that existing California standards (adopted by many states in addition to California) were almost twice as effective as the proposed federal standards.[120] It was reported that Stephen Johnson ignored his own staff in making this decision.[121]
After the federal government had bailed out General Motors and Chrysler in the Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010, the 2010 Chevrolet Equinox was released with an EPA fuel economy rating abnormally higher than its competitors. Independent road tests[122][123][124][125] found that the vehicle did not out-perform its competitors, which had much lower fuel economy ratings. Later road tests found better, but inconclusive, results.[126][127]
Mercury emissions, 2005
In March 2005, nine states (California, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, New Mexico and Vermont) sued the EPA. The EPA's Inspector General had determined that the EPA's regulation of mercury emissions did not follow the Clean Air Act, and that the regulations were influenced by top political appointees.[128][129] The EPA had suppressed a study it commissioned by Harvard University which contradicted its position on mercury controls.[130] The suit alleged that the EPA's rule exempting coal-fired power plants from "maximum available control technology" was illegal, and additionally charged that the EPA's system of cap-and-trade to lower average mercury levels would allow power plants to forego reducing mercury emissions, which they objected would lead to dangerous local hotspots of mercury contamination even if average levels declined.[131] Several states also began to enact their own mercury emission regulations. Illinois's proposed rule would have reduced mercury emissions from power plants by an average of 90% by 2009.[132] In 2008—by which point a total of fourteen states had joined the suit—the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled that the EPA regulations violated the Clean Air Act.[133]
In response, EPA announced plans to propose such standards to replace the vacated Clean Air Mercury Rule, and did so on March 16, 2011.[134]
Climate change, 2007–2017
|Wikinews has related news: EPA proposes using Clean Air Act to fight global warming
In December 2007, EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson approved a draft of a document that declared that climate change imperiled the public welfare—a decision that would trigger the first national mandatory global-warming regulations. Associate Deputy Administrator Jason Burnett e-mailed the draft to the White House. White House aides—who had long resisted mandatory regulations as a way to address climate change—knew the gist of what Johnson's finding would be, Burnett said. They also knew that once they opened the attachment, it would become a public record, making it controversial and difficult to rescind. So they did not open it; rather, they called Johnson and asked him to take back the draft. Johnson rescinded the draft; in July 2008, he issued a new version which did not state that global warming was danger to public welfare. Burnett resigned in protest.[135]
A $3 million mapping study on sea level rise was suppressed by EPA management during both the Bush and Obama Administrations, and managers changed a key interagency report to reflect the removal of the maps.[136]
On April 28, 2017, multiple climate change subdomains at EPA.gov began redirecting to a notice stating "this page is being updated."[137] The EPA issued a statement announcing the overhaul of its website to "reflect the agency's new direction under President Donald Trump and Administrator Scott Pruitt."[138] The removed EPA climate change domains included extensive information on the EPA's work to mitigate climate change, as well as details of data collection efforts and indicators for climate change.[139]
Gold King Mine waste water spill, 2015
In August 2015, the 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill occurred when EPA contractors examined the level of pollutants such as lead and arsenic in a Colorado mine,[140] and accidentally released over three million gallons of waste water into Cement Creek and the Animas River.[141]
Collusion with Monsanto chemical company
In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a branch of the World Health Organization, cited research linking glyphosate, an ingredient of the weed killer Roundup manufactured by the chemical company Monsanto, to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In March 2017, the presiding judge in a litigation brought about by people who claim to have developed glyphosate-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma opened Monsanto emails and other documents related to the case, including email exchanges between the company and federal regulators. According to an article in the New York Times, the "records suggested that Monsanto had ghostwritten research that was later attributed to academics and indicated that a senior official at the Environmental Protection Agency had worked to quash a review of Roundup's main ingredient, glyphosate, that was to have been conducted by the United States Department of Health and Human Services." The records show that Monsanto was able to prepare "a public relations assault" on the finding after they were alerted to the determination by Jess Rowland, the head of the EPA's cancer assessment review committee at that time, months in advance. Emails also showed that Rowland "had promised to beat back an effort by the Department of Health and Human Services to conduct its own review."[142][143][144]
Chief Scott Pruitt, 2017
On February 17, 2017, Scott Pruitt was selected Administrator of the EPA by president Donald Trump. This was a seemingly controversial move, as Pruitt had spent most of his career countering environmental policy. He did not have previous experience in the field and had received financial support from the fossil fuel industry.[145]
Pruitt resigned from the position on July 5, 2018, citing "unrelenting attacks" due to ongoing ethics controversies.[146]
See also
- Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration
- AP 42 Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors
- Brownfield land
- Environmental Technology Verification Program
- EPA Methods
- Federation of Earth Science Information Partners (ESIP Federation)
- Green Sticker programs
- MyEnvironment
- Renewable energy
- Stormwater
- Volkswagen diesel scandal
- USA.gov
- USAFacts
- 1 2 Fiscal Year 2018 Interior and Environment Bill. United States House of Representatives, 2018
- ↑ washingtonpost.com 8 September 2018: With a shrinking EPA, Trump delivers on his promise to cut government
- ↑ "Our Mission and What We Do". EPA. January 21, 2017.
- ↑ EPA,OA,OEAEE,OWC, US. "Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1970". archive.epa.gov. Retrieved 2018-09-24.
- ↑ CNN, Sophie Tatum,. "A former coal lobbyist is the new leader of the EPA". CNN. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- ↑ "EPA Regional Laboratories Unique Analytical Capabilities and Services by Region". EPA. September 12, 2017.
- ↑ "EPA's Budget and Spending". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). January 12, 2017.
- ↑ Hiroko Tabuchi (April 10, 2017). "What's at Stake in Trump's Proposed E.P.A. Cuts". New York Times.
- ↑ Vig, Norman J. (2018). Environmental Policy: New Directions for the Twenty-First Century. Sage. pp. 167–170. ISBN 978-1-5063-8346-0.
- 1 2 3 Rinde, Meir (2017). "Richard Nixon and the Rise of American Environmentalism". Distillations. 3 (1): 16–29. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- ↑ "EPA History: Clean Air Act of 1970/1977". EPA. October 18, 2016.
- 1 2 "The Guardian: Origins of the EPA". EPA Historical Publication. EPA. Spring 1992.
- ↑ Griswold, Eliza (September 21, 2012). "How 'Silent Spring' Ignited the Environmental Movement". New York Times Magazine.
- ↑ Luther, Linda (2005). The National Environmental Policy Act: Background and Implementation (PDF) (Report). U.S. Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2010.
- ↑ United States. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. Pub.L. 91–290, Approved January 1, 1970. 42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq.
- ↑ Weiland, Paul S. (Spring 1997). "Amending the National Environmental Policy Act: Federal Environmental Protection in the Twenty-First Century" (PDF). Journal of Land Use & Environmental Law: 275–301. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 12, 2007. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
- ↑ Luther, Linda (November 16, 2005). CRS Report for Congress: The National Environmental Policy Act: Background and Implementation (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service; The Library of Congress. p. CRS-3. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ↑ CRS-3. 2 Senate Report 91-296, 91st Congress, 1st session, July 9, 1969, pp. 11-12
- ↑ Caldwell, Lynton Keith (1998). The National Environmental Policy Act : an agenda for the future. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana Univ. Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 0253334446.
- ↑ "Legislative Accomplishments: Henry M. Jackson Foundation". Hmjackson.org. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- ↑ National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 42 U.S.C. § 4342
- ↑ Reorganization Plans Nos. 3 and 4 of 1970. Message from the President of the United States to the House of Representatives (PDF) (Report). House of Representatives, 91st Congress, 2d Session. July 9, 1970. Document no. 91-366.
- 1 2 Elkins, Chuck (October 2013). "Transcript of "Behind the Scenes at the Creation of the EPA" Video" (PDF). EPA Alumni Association. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
- ↑ Elkins, Chuck (October 2013). "Transcript of "Behind the Scenes at the Creation of the EPA" Video" (PDF). EPA Alumni Association. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
- ↑ Elkins, Chuck (October 2013). "Transcript of "Behind the Scenes at the Creation of the EPA" Video" (PDF). EPA Alumni Association. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
- ↑ EPA Alumni Association: EPA Administrator Bill Ruckelshaus and some of his closest aides recall the opening months of the new agency in 1970, Video, Transcript (see p. 2).
- ↑ EPA Alumni Association: EPA Administrator Bill Ruckelshaus and some of his closest aides recall the opening months of the new agency in 1970, Video, Transcript (see p. 4).
- ↑ An Interview with Lee Thomas, EPA's 6th Administrator. Video, Transcript (see p9). April 19, 2012.
- ↑ An Interview with Lee Thomas, EPA's 6th Administrator. Video, Transcript (see p14). April 19, 2012.
- ↑ Former Deputy Administrator Hank Habicht talks about management at EPA. An Interview with Hank Habicht Video, Transcript (see p7, 10). December 21, 2012.
- ↑ "About the Office of the Administrator". EPA. October 26, 2017.
- ↑ "About the Office of Administration and Resources Management". EPA. Retrieved February 18, 2017.
- ↑ "About the Office of Air and Radiation". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ "About the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention". EPA. May 13, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
- ↑ "About the Office of the Chief Financial Officer". EPA. January 20, 2017.
- ↑ "About the Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ "About the Office of Environmental Information". EPA. February 18, 2017.
- ↑ "About the Office of General Counsel". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ epa.gov Archived May 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "About the Office of International and Tribal Affairs". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ "About the Office of Research and Development". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ EPA: Basic Information about the Integrated Risk Information System
- ↑ "About the Office of Land and Emergency Management". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ "About the Office of Water". EPA. November 17, 2010.
- ↑ "About the Office of Water". EPA.
- ↑ EPA Alumni Association: Former EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus and his senior assistants discuss integrating 10 regional offices into the fledgling agency. Video, Transcript (see pp. 6, 9).
- ↑ Memorandum Of Agreement between The Navajo Nation and The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regions 6, 8, and 9 regarding the Implementation of Environmental Standards and Regulations on the Navajo Nation, October 9, 1991
- ↑ EPA Alumni Association: EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus comments on the "silos" problem that has dogged EPA from the start in an interview in which he and some of his closest aides recall the opening months of the new agency in 1970, Video, Transcript (see p. 11).
- ↑ "EPA SDSI Home Page". Epa.gov. December 22, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ↑ "CleanGredients Home Page". Cleangredients.org. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ↑ Former Deputy Administrator Hank Habicht talks about management at EPA. An Interview with Hank Habicht Video, Transcript (see p 7, 10). December 21, 2012.
- ↑ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "2006 Annual Report: Energy Star and Other Climate Protection Partnerships.". Retrieved March 1, 2008.
- ↑ EnergyStar.gov, "History: Energy Star.". Retrieved March 1, 2008.
- ↑ "Smart Growth US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ "Federal Test Procedure Revisions". EPA.gov. October 22, 1996. Retrieved October 3, 2009.
- ↑ "EPA Fuel Economy". EPA.gov. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ↑ "Welcome to Your MPG!". FuelEconomy.gov. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
- ↑ Dave Vanderwerp (August 2009). "The Truth About EPA City / Highway MPG Estimates". CarAndDriver.com. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
- ↑ Chuck Squatriglia (November 17, 2010). "Honda Finds EVs a Perfect Fit | Autopia". Wired.com. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
- ↑ "Oil Spills Prevention and Preparedness Regulations". EPA. March 7, 2017.
- ↑ "Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program". EPA. February 13, 2017.
- ↑ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC. "WaterSense Timeline." Revised April 14, 2011.
- ↑ EPA. "WaterSense."
- ↑ "UST Program Facts". EPA. May 2018.
- ↑ Brand, Ron (April 24, 2013). "Transcript of 'The Underground Storage Tank Program's Early Management Challenges' video" (PDF). EPA Alumni Association. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
- ↑ http://www.epa.gov/radnet/ EPA
- ↑ Envirofacts EPA Archived October 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Sandy Bauers (December 7, 2012). "Spike in iodine-131 found in city water". Philadelphia Inquirer. p. 2. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
- ↑ "Iodine-131 levels in Philadelphia, PA drinking water". EPA RadNet Environfacts. EPA. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
- ↑ Jeff McMahon (April 10, 2013). "EPA Draft Stirs Fears of Radically Relaxed Radiation Guidelines". Forbes. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
- 1 2 "About NPDES". EPA. November 29, 2016.
- ↑ "NPDES State Program Information". NPDES. EPA. February 6, 2017.
- ↑ Clean Water Act section 402(p); 33 U.S.C. § 1342(p).
- ↑ Radiation Protection Programs EPA retrieved March 13, 2017
- ↑ "Radioactive Waste Management" (website). EPA. February 28, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Radiological Emergency Response" (website). EPA. July 27, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "EPA Protective Action Guide" (PDF). EPA. January 11, 2017. p. 86. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management" (website). EPA. March 1, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Naturally-Occurring Radiation Program" (website). EPA. December 21, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Radiation Regulations and Laws, Standards for Air and Drinking Water" (website). EPA. January 19, 2017. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Federal Guidance for Radiation Protection" (website). EPA. September 1, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2017.
- ↑ "Creating Healthy Indoor Air Quality in Schools | US EPA". Epa.gov. November 28, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
- ↑ "Environmental Education (EE) | US EPA". Epa.gov. August 16, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ "Clean School Bus | Clean Diesel and DERA Funding | US EPA". Epa.gov. October 24, 2016. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ Former Deputy Administrator Hank Habicht talks about management at EPA. An Interview with Hank Habicht Video, Transcript (see p7). December 21, 2012.
- ↑ "33/50 Program" (PDF). EPA. Retrieved September 16, 2018.
- 1 2 O'Neil, S. G. (2007). Superfund: Evaluating the Impact of Executive Order 12898 Archived March 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.. Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 115, Number 7, pp. 1087–93
- ↑ Bullard, Robert (July 25, 2007). Subcommittee on Superfund and Environmental Health of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee Regarding Environmental Justice.
- ↑ Bullard, Robert. Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2007
- ↑ Rosenbaum, W. A. "Still reforming after all these years: George W. Bush's new era' at the EPA. Environmental Policy: New directions for the Twenty-first century. Washington DC: CQ Press, 2003
- ↑ Burns, Ronald G. Michael J. Lynch, and Paul Stretesky. Environmental Law, Crime, and Justice. New York: LFB Scholarly publishing Inc, 2008
- ↑ Environmental Justice Coalition (EJC). "Environmental Justice act of 2009." Environmental Justice Coalition, 2008. EJ Coalition Online:Ejcoalition.Multiply.com Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "About the OSV Bold". EPA. p. EPA 842-F-05-004. Archived from the original on February 24, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
- ↑ Long, Katherine. "What a $5,000 deal: Seattle Central gets former Navy ship | Local News". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- ↑ "EPA – Wetlands – Wetlands Fact Sheet". Epa.gov. June 28, 2006. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ↑ Making the Grade: Access to Information Scorecard 2015 March 2015, 80 pages, Center for Effective Government, retrieved March 21, 2016
- ↑ "Burford Resigns As Administrator of Embattled EPA", Toledo Blade, March 10, 1983, p. 1
- ↑ Ingersoll, Bruce. Burford out; agency is in 'a shambles', Spokane Chronicle, March 10, 1983
- ↑ An Interview with Lee Thomas, EPA's 6th Administrator. Video, Transcript (see p4). April 19, 2012.
- ↑ Views from the Former Administrators Archived September 25, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., EPA Journal, November 1985.
- ↑ Sullivan, Patricia. Anne Gorsuch Burford, 62, Dies; Reagan EPA Director, Washington Post, July 22, 2004; Page B06.
- ↑ Douglas Martin (July 22, 2004). "Anne Gorsuch Burford, 62, Reagan E.P.A. Chief, Dies". Nytimes.com. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
- ↑ "Meddling at EPA? Activists point to survey; Two thirds of 1,586 EPA scientists polled cite interference, UCS reports". Associated Press. April 23, 2008.
- ↑ Stedeford, Todd (2007). "Prior restraint and censorship: acknowledged occupational hazards for government scientists". William and Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review. 31 (3): 725–745.
- ↑ Stedeford (2007), p. 738, note 95
- ↑ Stedeford (2007), pp. 736–740
- 1 2 Urbina, Ian (March 3, 2011). "Pressure Limits Efforts to Police Drilling for Gas". The New York Times. Retrieved February 23, 2012.
More than a quarter-century of efforts by some lawmakers and regulators to force the federal government to police the industry better have been thwarted, as E.P.A. studies have been repeatedly narrowed in scope and important findings have been removed
- ↑ DiCosmo, Bridget (May 15, 2012). "SAB Pushes To Advise EPA To Conduct Toxicity Tests In Fracking Study". InsideEPA. Inside Washington Publishers. (subscription required). Retrieved May 19, 2012.
But some members of the chartered SAB are suggesting that the fracking panel revise its recommendation that the agency scale back its planned toxicity testing of chemicals used in the hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, process, because of the limited resources and time frame ... Chesapeake Energy supported the draft recommendation, saying that "an in-depth study of toxicity, the development of new analytical methods and tracers are not practical given the budget and schedule limitation of the study."
- ↑ Satterfield, John (June 30, 2011). "Letter from Chesapeake Energy to EPA" (PDF). InsideEPA. Inside Washington Publishers. (subscription required). Retrieved May 19, 2012.
Flowback and Produced water ... Chesapeake agrees that an indepth study of toxicity, the development of new analytic methods and tracers are not practical given the budget and schedule limitations of the study ... Wastewater Treatment and Waste Disposal ... Chesapeake believes there was unjustified emphasis on the surface disposal of produced water to treatment plants in the SAB's Review ... Chesapeake disagrees with the inclusion of water distribution network corrosion and burden of analyzing for contaminants by POTW's into the study.
- ↑ "The Debate Over the Hydrofracking Study's Scope". The New York Times. March 3, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
While environmentalists have aggressively lobbied the agency to broaden the scope of the study, industry has lobbied the agency to narrow this focus
- ↑ "Natural Gas Documents". The New York Times. February 27, 2011. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
The Times reviewed more than 30,000 pages of documents obtained through open records requests of state and federal agencies and by visiting various regional offices that oversee drilling in Pennsylvania. Some of the documents were leaked by state or federal officials.
- ↑ Adler, Jonathan H. (December 15, 2015). "GAO hits EPA for 'covert propaganda' to promote 'waters of the United States' (WOTUS) rule". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ "H.R. 861". United States Congress.
- ↑ Hensley, Nicole (February 5, 2017). "Florida congressman pitches bill that would abolish the Environmental Protection Agency". New York Daily News. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
- ↑ Danny Hakim (July 28, 2005). "E.P.A. Holds Back Report on Car Fuel Efficiency". New York Times.
- ↑ Keim, Brandon. "Governor Arnie to EPA: Hasta La Vista, Bureaucratic Delay Monkeys | Wired Science". Wired.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- ↑ "EPA Denies California Waiver". ABC. February 29, 2008.
- ↑ Simon, Richard; Wilson, Janet (December 20, 2007). "EPA denies California's right to mandate emissions". LATimes.com. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
- ↑ "Absurdity at the EPA: Denying California emissions plan a new low | News for Dallas, Texas | Dallas Morning News | Opinion: Editorials". The Dallas Morning News. January 1, 2008. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
- ↑ "Text of Letter from Gov. Schwarzenegger and 13 other Governors Regarding U.S. EPA's Denial of California's Tailpipe Emissions Waiver Request". Gov.ca.gov. Archived from the original on November 24, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
- ↑ Wilson, Janet (December 21, 2007). "EPA chief is said to have ignored staff". LATimes.com. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
- ↑ "2010 Chevrolet Equinox LT2 Full Test and Video". Edmunds InsideLine. September 29, 2009. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
- ↑ Jared Gall (August 2009). "2010 Chevrolet Equinox LT – Short Take Road Test". Car and Driver. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
- ↑ John Voelcker (October 27, 2009). "Drive Report: 26mpg in 2010 Chevrolet Equinox Four-Cylinder". GreenCarReports.com. Retrieved February 17, 2010.
- ↑ "Why the Chevy Equinox EPA Mileage Numbers Don't Add Up". Thetruthaboutcars.com. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ↑ "2010 Chevrolet Equinox vs. 2011 Kia Sorento, Program #2939". Motorweek. May 28, 2010. Archived from the original on June 1, 2010. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
- ↑ "Review: 2010 Chevrolet Equinox LT FWD".
- ↑ Proposed Mercury Rules Bear Industry Mark, Washington Post, January 31, 2004
- ↑ EPA Inspector Finds Mercury Proposal Tainted, Washington Post, February 4, 2005
- ↑ New EPA Mercury Rule Omits Conflicting Data, Washington Post, March 22, 2005
- ↑ Bustillo, Miguel.States Sue EPA Over Mercury Emissions, LA Times, March 30, 2005
- ↑ Governor Blagojevich and Illinois EPA Propose Aggressive Mercury Controls For Illinois Power Plants, Environmental Progress, Spring 2006, page 12
- ↑ Baltimore, Chris (February 8, 2008). "EPA must rewrite utility mercury rule: U.S. court". Reuters. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ↑ "History of the MATS Regulation". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ↑ John Shiffman and John Sullivan (December 7, 2008). "An Eroding Mission at EPA; The Bush administration has weakened the agency charged with safeguarding health and the environment". Philadelphia Inquirer.
- ↑ Josh Harkinson and Kate Sheppard (April 27, 2010). "Coastal Collapse". Slate. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ↑ "EPA website removes climate science site from public view after two decades". Washington Post. April 29, 2017.
- ↑ "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "EPA Kicks Off Website Updates," (April 28, 2017)". EPA. April 28, 2017.
- ↑ "Changing the Digital Climate How Climate Change Web Content is being Censored Under the Trump Administration". Environmental Data & Governance Initiative (EDGI). January 10, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
- ↑ Schlanger, Zoë (August 7, 2015). "EPA Causes Massive Spill of Mining Waste Water in Colorado, Turns Animas River Bright Orange". Retrieved August 10, 2015.
- ↑ Kolb, Joseph J. (August 10, 2015). "'They're not going to get away with this': Anger mounts at EPA over mining spill". Retrieved August 10, 2015.
- ↑ Hakim, Danny. "Monsanto Weed Killer Roundup Faces New Doubts on Safety in Unsealed Documents". The New York Times. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- ↑ Yan, Holly. "Patients: Roundup gave us cancer as EPA official helped the company". CNN. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- ↑ Nelson, Arthur. "EU declared Monsanto weedkiller safe after intervention from controversial US official". The Guardian. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
- ↑ "EPA's Scott Pruitt haunted by corruption allegations, old and new". MSNBC. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
- ↑ CNN, Jeremy Diamond, Eli Watkins and Juana Summers,. "EPA chief Scott Pruitt resigns amid ethics scandals". CNN. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
Further reading
- EPA Alumni Association, "Protecting the Environment, A Half Century of Progress" – an overview of EPA's environmental protection efforts over 50 years
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to United States Environmental Protection Agency.


text:
Strawberry Spinach Salad
I have major phone envy right now.
I'm not someone who has to have the latest "things"….BUT my husband just qualified for an upgrade on his phone and bought the new IPhone. I want it. I want to be able to play games and access the Internet whenever I want.
But I've been banned from having a nice phone. I go through phones about as fast as I go through butter in my house. In my defense, it's usually because one of my kids either tried to flush it down the toilet or threw it down the stairs.
My last phone died because it fell out of my "Christy Pocket", as my friends like to call it, and into the toilet as I leaned over to throw something in the trash. For years I've been carrying my phone in my bra. Occasionally my lipstick or credit card will jump in there too but usually it's just my phone. It's awfully convenient since I don't always have pockets and I'm sure to hear it since it's always in close proximity.
Not sure when I started using the "Christy Pocket" but I learned from the best…my mom. She's been holding her lipstick there for years. It's always shocking when she sneaks it out of there because she one of the most prudish people I know. Ironically, the woman who showed me the ways is the same one who got after me for saying the word "bra" in front of my husband when we were dating.
Why not use a purse? I'm not a purse girl *gasp*. I have friends who have entire closets for just their purses so I realize I might have lost you after that last sentence. But it's the truth. If I ever get the chance to go shopping by myself and am NOT carrying the baby backpack, I carry a man wallet with my cards and I.D. I finally broke down and had my MIL help me pick out a purse for emergencies…like date night.
So unless they create an IPhone that can survive a 10 foot drop and toilet submersion I'm left wanting. Or I'm going to have to become a purse girl.
Speaking of wanting…my friend Heidi has this Strawberry Spinach Salad as the header on her blog and every time I go there I want it. She's made it for us before but now that she's gone I had to make it myself. Strawberries are really good and cheap now in Florida (not sure about the rest of the states) so I've been stocking up. This salad is simple and light. It has fresh strawberries, toasted almonds, and a vinaigrette dressing that is the perfect compliment to the strawberries.
Strawberry Spinach Salad
This Strawberry Spinach Salad with almonds is a great salad for any occasion.
- 9 cups fresh spinach leaves
- 1 pint 2 cups fresh strawberries, sliced
- 1/2 cups sliced almonds , toasted
- 2 Tablespoons sugar
- 1 Tablespoon finely chopped red or white onion
- 1 teaspoon sesame seeds
- 1 teaspoon poppy seeds
- 1/4 teaspoon paprika
- 1/8 teaspoon Worcestershire sauce (a couple shakes of the bottle)
- 1/4 cup vegetable oil
- 2 Tablespoons cider vinegar
- salt and pepper to taste
- Toast almonds in a small skillet over medium heat for a couple of minutes to brown and bring out the flavor.
- In a large bowl, combine the spinach, strawberries. and almonds. Place dressing ingredients in a blender; cover and process until combined. You can make the dressing ahead of time and store in the refrigerator. Pour over salad right before serving and toss to coat. Serve immediately. Makes 6-8 servings.
- *Make it into a meal by adding some sliced grilled chicken
Recipe Notes
Source: Schaeffer Girl's Grub

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
I've been thinking...If we are going to move out of the city to start a homestead, there will be a certain set of skills we will need to develop in order to adapt to this new lifestyle and Home Canning is probably one of the most important ones.
Growing up in northern Ontario meant you didn't always have access to the freshest produce but when you did manage to get your hands on some, you had to find a way to preserve it so your family could enjoy them during the harsh winter months. I still remember the taste of my grandmother's field strawberry jam and it brings back some of my fondest childhood memories. When I met my wife Tessa, I soon found out that traditions were very similar in her family as well. Her mother was the queen of canning; she canned everything from fruits and veggies to meats and soup starters but the best was her canned spaghetti sauce. Her basement was always packed full of mason jars and she constantly made extra food so she could can the left overs.
I believe our ancestors had a scarcity mentality, and that is why they were always prepared for the eventuality that fresh food is not always available. Urban living and consumerism have made it so we rely more on the grocery store than on our own ability to produce food. That's all fine as long as the system keeps working but what if stops. We have all felt the effects of extreme droughts on the west coast or hurricanes in the southern United States. What happens when minimum wage increases to a point where all of our basic services get inflated and become no longer affordable. Think about it.
In starting our journey to self-sufficient living, Tessa and I realized we were going to have to make some changes to our current lifestyle. Just as everyone else in the city, we often find ourselves forgoing meal planning for a quick stop at our local grocery store for dinner or worse ordering in some take-out. Don't get me wrong, it is super convenient and fun to do that, but when we do, we always go over budget and we don't really eat as healthy as we should. When we decide to move out of the city, that will not an option for us any longer. We took a step back to find solutions and quickly realized that we already had the perfect example to follow. We started asking questions, reading books and with a little trial and error found that home canning was not that difficult.
First of all, you don't need a lot of equipment. Canning jars are available everywhere. We were lucky because my mother-in-law's favorite gift was to give a few cases of canned spaghetti sauce or a few of canned pea soup. When we wanted to return the empty jars, she would always tell us to keep them; you never know when they will come in handy she said. Besides the jars, all you really need is an oven, a few pots and you are in business.
Second, anybody can do it. All you need is a little can-do attitude and you're all set. We started canning in our little 700 sq. ft. apartment. Slowly gaining some experience, trying out different methods and canning all kinds of things. We have made dill pickles, canned peaches, pickled carrots, spaghetti sauce and a lot more but the best part is that we have a ton of fun doing it together. If you have been on the fence about canning or are afraid to try it, the best advice we can give you is go for it. What's the worst that can happen really?
We have yet to find any disadvantages to home canning; in the long run it produce less garbage, currently we are supporting our local farmers because we don't yet have our own garden. We have good food to enjoy all year round and we know exactly what goes into it. Another benefit we found was that we started developing a community. Whether it's from gifts we give away or from talking with our local farmers, like-minded people tend to find each other and this is no exception, in our book, that is a win.
I am aware that not everyone is brought up as we were and that is why I think it is important for me to write this article. Tessa and I believe strongly in self-sufficient living and want to use our journey to help teach others about the benefits of this alternative lifestyle. The best resource we have is a book published by the Canadian company Bernardin called Guide to Home Preserving. It is available by clicking the link below or at your local store that sells home canning equipment. Pick up a copy, it covers all the basics to get you started, gives you a few recipes and explains the different canning methods. Get started today, I know you will enjoy the fruits of your labor, literally.
Bernardin Guide to Home Preserving Canning Kit
Finally, if you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to contact us. It will be our pleasure to help you in any way we can.
Thank you for reading!


text:
Everton have announced the signing of former Celtic winger Aiden McGeady from Spartak Moscow.
There had been speculation the 27-year-old Irishman would sign a pre-contract agreement with Everton but he will move to Merseyside immediately having agreed a permanent deal.
McGeady was paraded to supporters at Goodison Park prior to their Premier League game against Norwich.
McGeady has signed a four-and-a-half year deal with the Merseysiders after the clubs agreed an undisclosed fee.
McGeady spent six years with Celtic before moving to Russia for £9.5 million in 2010.
The news sees Goodison manager Roberto Martinez finally land his man having been linked with him while at Wigan a year ago.


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::Iron Bike Room::
In winter months I spend majority of my time down in the basement. It took me a little bit to finally set it up the way I wanted it but its working well now. It needed to be functional for both as a studio space for computer/art work but also to be used for bike training. Two main things I needed to keep in mind when I was setting up "the bike room/studio".
1) I don't have cable TV so all my entertainment comes off the Internet, so I have everything centered around my desk. I built the desk with both these functions in mind. Its always good to get within a headphone cables distance from your source; computer, laptop or TV so you don't need to crack up the audio.
2) A basement was my best bet to start the bike room for many reasons but the biggest has to be the concrete floor. It can get wet, easy to clean, and I can drag the trainer all over it. I also added little piece of plywood under mine just so when I lube up the chain it doesn't stain the floor. I've seen a lot of people use a rubber mat for under your bike, which would work , some use a towel but oil will go right through it.
I've been riding in my basement for over two years now and have found this set up to work pretty dam good, I'm interested to see and hear how others have there bike rooms. Links, pictures or even an email to me would be great. I hope to do a post with other tips and tricks later on. Email — [email protected]


text: Trustworthy Performance with True Value Delivered Combining trustworthy performance, essential features and affordability, the Asus V3-M2NC61P is a simple and high-performance PC built with recognized quality and the latest technology that is ideal for budget conscious users and everyday applications. Shop Modal header Trustworthy Performance with True Value Delivered Elegant ID Design V3-M2NC61P with stereo-like style is an art in your life. That the front I/O ports are covered by the sliding door design makes the appearance more clean and elegant. Solid and Dependable Performance ASUS subjects its desktop barebone systems through a series of stringent quality tests to provide the very best in performance, stability and compatibility. Even the electromagnetic level is tested and improved to limit interference with other devices to provide a superior computing environment. Stylish and Friendly Design Designed to be easily manage and deploy, the Asus V3-M2NC61P is a space saving PC with exceptional value and performance delivered through proven technology. If you are looking for a solid and stylish PC to balance the tempo of your life, the Asus V3-M2NC61P is definitely your best choice! ASUS V3-M2NC61P, the PC that grant you out-of-the-box productivity and most fun! Thoughtful Expandability The Asus V3-M2NC61P offers practical functionality for both home users and enterprise. With it´s capability to upgrade into a multimedia machine, through 2 x PCI, 1 x PCI-e x16, and 2 optical drive bays, the Asus V3-M2NC61P made PC expansion easy and remarkable. Get ready to enjoy all of your needs for both work and play with Asus V3-M2NC61P!


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Eric Clapton, Whitney Houston and Destiny's Child are among the first group of performers confirmed for a benefit concert for the Wyclef Jean Foundation, Jean announced at a press conference in New York City Tuesday. Jean will also perform along with reggae legends Third World and teen opera singer Charlotte Church at the Carnegie Hall event, which will take place Friday, Jan. 19, at 8 p.m. ("not ghetto time," Jean joked). Proceeds from ticket sales will benefit the Wyclef Jean Foundation, Jean's charity that aids music-minded teenage students.
"Ever since I was a little kid, I was like, 'One of these days, I'm gonna play Carnegie Hall,'" Jean said of his choice of venue. "This is the first time in history that you get a kid from a hip-hop background headlining Carnegie Hall . . . We told them we'd play things likeFrank Sinatra."
Jean had just returned from a visit to England where he had asked Clapton to participate. According to Jean, he has written a new original tune that he will perform with Clapton, and the guitarist will also perform some of his own material.
Jean also presented three teens from his foundation, between the ages of fifteen and seventeen; each performed a short piece of music. The Wyclef Jean Foundation currently has fourteen teens among its ranks. When selected by the Foundation, the youths receive a new instrument, are assigned a mentor, receive lessons and attend summer music camp. According to Jean the broader spectrum of academic progress is also stressed. Jean's high school music teacher, Valerie Price, whose class he says "kept me out of trouble," was also in attendance. "Music is very important in the schools," he said. "If it's lost, a portion of the kids won't know where to turn to. Without my chorus class, I wouldn't be here."
Jean says that while the scope of the Foundation is currently rooted in his home turf in the New York City and nearby New Jersey area, he hopes to gradually expand its reach to become "universal." "It's about self-esteem," he said. "You have to know who Duke Ellington is, and Miles Davis and Muddy Waters. For a kid to play Miles Davis and then listen to Jay-Z and then turn to Bach, he's walking away with a broader mind-scope."
Jean said that there will definitely be a recording tied in to the performance, but claims that he's still in negotiations with Carnegie Hall (which has strict regulations with regards to broadcasts) for any sort of video or Webcast footage to be filmed or broadcast.
Tickets for the event span a broad spectrum of prices. "Hood prices," as Jean called the more affordable tix, will be $85 and $150 and available through the Carnegie Hall box office (212-247-7800). VIP ticket packages are also available. A $500 single VIP ticket also includes admission to a post-performance party. For $1,000, a ticketholder may join the performers at a catered reception as well as the post-performance party. Eight-seat boxes may also be purchased with the perks of the thousand-dollar tix for $8,000. Jean said that he hopes the event will raise upwards of $250,000 for his Foundation.
Jean claims that the venue, as well as the musical diversity that his program promotes, was reflected in his choice of guests. "In high school, I grew up playing jazz and gospel, but hip-hop was my thing. But that's not going to cut it at Carnegie Hall. I was looking for an eclectic vibe. It's mixing the current with the way music started. The styles will start with the 1950s and go to 2000. It's gonna bug you out."
For more information on the Wyclef Jean Foundation, go to www.wyclefjeanfoundation.org.


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Eh, I am somewhat embarrassed because this is turning into a Hello Kitty blog rather than a cat blog. I promise I will write about something different next time :P. As you know from my last post, I have eaten at a few Hello Kitty themed locations. Sometimes the food is good – others, not so much. Unfortunately the Hello Kitty cafe in Hongdae, Seoul fell strongly into the latter category! I think this is the only time I have ever left a dessert uneaten. It was a waffle too, which is usually yummy.
Whatever about the food, the building certainly pulls out all the stops when it comes to decor. Even the exterior of the building is completely pink and features a giant version of the famous feline's hair bow. It's been a few years since my visit now so I'm not sure if this restaurant is still around. If it is, I believe it's been completely renovated. To be honest, I think it was needed. The inside was covered with "graffiti" – where customers had left their mark in pen all over the walls. This is a common thing in cafes in Korea and it usually looks quite good and arty. However there was something about the vivid pink and black and blue scrawls that clashed horribly.
I visited with a friend and we both ordered the waffle along with a drink. Sadly the waffles were super hard and dense. Nothing like legitimate Belgian waffles. Perhaps my standards are too high but honestly I could have broken a window with that thing. The macha latte I had wasn't great either. We wandered around for a while taking photos but left disappointed. There are many nicer Hello Kitty cafes in the world (the one in Singapore's Changi airport is my favorite…maybe I will share my review when you have recovered from this sickly sweet content!). There are also many nicer cafes in Seoul. So I would give this place a miss, even as a big cat lover and Hello Kitty fan.


text: Since you have already paid more than 10.000 dollars for your brand new car, would it not be wise to have it insured? Even if you are the most prudent driver on the streets of Las Vegas, the truth is that nothing can prepare you for an unexpected accident. It might not even be your fault, so why have your budget blown to bits just because the third party decided not to pay attention to the road? There are literally hundreds of car insurance … [Read more...]


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Hello to our awesome viewers and again we welcome you back to our blog about our winter resort. Last time we talk to you about all the different accommodations that are included with your stay here at the resort. Today would you like to talk to you about the luscious mountains around our area. We have talk to you about snowboarding and skiing before so now we would just like to talk to you about the mountains in general.
We have some of the worlds most amazing mountains right in our backyard. We are right next to the Swiss Alps which are rated in the top five for skiing and snowboarding in the world. There is nothing that matches the quality of snow of these mountains because the powder is the lightest and fluffiest powder you have ever felt in your whole entire life. You can literally pick up a handful of snow and not be able to make a snowball with it because it is so dry. It is rated the drive snow in the world because it is literally like dust. They talk about the champagne powder that is at steamboat springs in Colorado and that snow is nothing compared to the snow that is at our mountains. Another reason why our mountains are the greatest in the world is because that they have some of the steepest slope's on the planet. If you are in avid skier or snowboarder her, this is the place you want to come because we have slopes that go up to 60° in vertical. That kind of slope is steep enough to where you will be hugging the snow walls as you write down. It is something that will definitely give you quite a thrill when you are skiing and or snowboarding.
We love the mountains here because when you're out there they make you feel one with nature. Unlike any other mountain range in the world, the range by our resort is unlike anything else you've ever experienced. We think that because they are so much larger than all of the other mountain ranges, it makes it so that the nature comes to you. If you were to take a helicopter to the peaks of one of the mountains around us, you would be able to feel completely one with the elements. When you are up at the peak of the mountain, there is no noise at all. It is literally the quietest thing you have ever heard in your life and it will completely change your outlook on life when you do so.
So after you read this post we highly recommend that you come to our resort and visit the sweet selves because they will change your life forever.
We would like to give a special shout out to Transworld.com for giving us inspiration on snowboarding and skiing. Please support their page and buy their magazine.


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GRA wrote:Nah, that's just I-94 from Billings to Fargo, which was on the '2016' (and '2015') maps. As I've been saying for the past couple of years that that section of I-94 should be the very last primary interstate in the contiguous 48 to be completed, I look forward to it making a return appearance on the '2018' map!
Good call, I didn't remember they had any planned for ND, but there it was.
They do have four more in SD and a couple in southern MN (looks like Rochester is one, yay!).
I've always been surprised at how dismissive you are at what Tesla accomplishes.
For a private company to do magnitudes more than what much larger, more well established companies are doing is astounding.
I'll take 80% of shooting for the moon over succeeding in doing nothing any day


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SCAR (epic, legendary) – an ideal Fortnite weapon at mid range, however nonetheless versatile. For those who can escape the opening skirmishes in Pleasant Park, Tilted Towers, or Retail Row, you'll be armed to the tooth. Under you'll find a primer on every primary Fortnite location. There are two successful map strategies that rhinocrunch recommends each participant pursues in Fortnite: Battle Royale.
A Beginner's Information To The Video Sport Everybody's Taking part in — Quartz
Easy methods to get to grips with Fortnite's one hundred-man battle royale mode. Should you're taking part in in a squad with pals, be sure you stick collectively at all times, and don't get drawn off into solo fights. In the event you get taken out by another person, one in all your allies can assist in getting you healed back up, however only if they're truly nearby. Getting buildings cleared asap is significant as effectively, and a team of mates can clean a home out of loot way more shortly than a single participant can.
A wall is the first structure it is best to follow constructing on a whim. It's crucial that, at any given time, whether or not you're in a building or out within the open, you can quickly press the wall button (F1 on COMPUTER) and throw up some cover. Because of this alone, you will wish to have a minimum of 10 assets on hand to throw up an instant wall.
Pleasant Park, a Fortnite location located to the north-west of the map, consists of many small buildings with loads of looting opportunities. Land on a roof and use your pickaxe to smash your approach in. It is a lot faster to get the jump on loot this way – and only chumps use doorways, anyway.
During freefall, attempt to hold your character oriented at a slight angle downward quite than straight down, and wait till your glider deploys mechanically. The objective is to come at your touchdown zone from a shallow angle, slightly than straight at it. There should be a good way between you and your desired location as soon as your glider is open, so that you drift horizontally toward it. Should you try to descend downward along with your glider as an alternative, you'll sluggish to a crawl and let quicker gamers get to the guns earlier than you.
Here's all the Fortnite Battle Royale suggestions it is advisable to emerge victorious against the other 99 players, irrespective of which platform you're enjoying on. Season three particulars, including new Battle Pass and loot, ice cream vans, Fortnite Cell on Android and iOS, Merchandising Machine areas, and more.
Additionally, look out for small green ammo packing containers to make sure your best weapons do not turn out to be mere paperweights; they do not glow or produce a sound, however they are typically close to loot chests.


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I've got two browsers open, chrome and firefox, and would like to have a shortcut to be able to open a link I have in chrome as a new tab in my firefox window. Right now I do this by clicking 'Copy link address' in Chrome and pasting the URL into firefox, but I would like to have a shortcut defined to do this. Is this doable?
1Chrome used to have an extension called "Open with external application" that did exactly what you want. I still have it installed on my version of Chrome (37.something), but it's no longer available from Chrome/Google. Exporting this hasn't worked, and simply copying the extension folder to a new location hasn't worked either. Maybe someone has seen this old extension archived somewhere. – user328552 Sep 19 '14 at 15:15
Have you considered just dragging the link? I use both browsers at the same time (each on it's own screen). I find myself mostly using Chrome for gmail etc.. and will get links via email. I just click and drag from Chrome to the Firefox tab bar and the page will open in a new tab. It works in the other direction too (Firefox to Chrome). One needn't limit this to email... basically any link on any page will work via this method.
1I can confirm this works. However, a possible limitation: what if the OP has both browsers open fullscreen? – Christopher Kyle Horton Nov 15 '11 at 17:37
1What a cool tip, never occurred to me to try that. – Tom Brossman Nov 15 '11 at 17:39
Might this link be of any handy? http://npopson.com/archives/1022 I believe it's pretty much up for google'ing or somehow changing the chrome's protocols (although there's no in-browser alternative for about:config as in firefox)
Opera has a feature to open the current page in another browser. I don't know what your use case is, but if you need to compare web pages for website development, you could open it in Opera first then right click and open in Chrome, then do the same for Firefox.


text: Title Language - Any -EnglishFrenchGermanPortuguese, BrazilRussianSpanishUkrainian- Any -EnglishFrenchGermanPortuguese, BrazilRussianSpanishUkrainian Filter items language-based Select type of publication - Any -bookdvdmagazinevideo- Any -bookdvdmagazinevideo Filter type of publication Apply 13 February, 2018 John Bond Beyond Walls In this book 92 people share their personal discoveries resulting from an encounter with Initiatives of Change or its predecessor Moral Re-Armament. 'Remarkable stories,' writes Rajmohan Gandhi in the foreword, 'revealing the hope-giving things that happen when human beings obey nudges from an inner director, an inner source of wisdom-cum-strength.' Read more 02 February, 2018 The Man Who Built Peace The Man Who Built Peace captures the life and peace-making legacy of a man you may never have heard of – and who changed the world. Following a personal experience of transformation, Frank Buchman set out to pass on that experience to the world and helped shape the course of history. He was a revolutionary thinker and leader whose trust-building, reconciliation and peace efforts greatly influenced the 20th century. His vision and legacy are a powerful answer to the growing mistrust, injustice and extremism facing the world today. Read more 15 December, 2016 UK Changemakers magazine issue 4 Changemakers, published by IofC-UK, shares stories both of personal change and of tackling global issues. Merel Rumping shares her story of how she is transforming the lives of amputees in Colombia. Sergio Lopez Figuero set up Humming in Harmony to help others with mental health issues through music. Marian Partington had the courage to forgive her sister's murderers. Read more 01 July, 2016 UK Changemakers magazine issue 3 In this issue we hear from Onjali Rauf whose aunt's murder motivated her to create a charity that trains ordinary people to spot signs of abuse. Meanwhile Amy Peake and Pravin Nakim have been working tirelessly to educate women on menstrual hygiene. Amy is creating solutions to provide cheap hygienic pads in refugee camps while Pravin is removing the stigma attached to periods in India. Jonty Herman draws on his experience visiting refugee camps in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Read more 30 June, 2016 Eyewitness to the Impossible: building trust on three continents 'Making history is not the monopoly of the rich and powerful,' asserts the author Jens Jonathan Wilhelmsen. His new book draws on a lifetime working for change. Read more 12 May, 2016 Frank Buchman and the Germans by Pierre Spoerri This is a book of historical research. Frank N D Buchman (1878-1961), leader of the Oxford Group from around 1921, initiator of Moral Re-Armament 1938 was an American with distant Swiss-German roots. Buchman had a deep love for Germany. The period covered here, roughly 1920-1950, begins with a defeated Germany suffering economic collapse and widespread hardship following World War I. It covers the 12 years of Nazi power which promised rebirth but brought tyranny, genocide and national destruction. It ends as a democratic Federal Republic and a reconciled Western Europe are about to take shape. Read more 02 March, 2016 Michael Henderson Beverly Almond – an Ageless Adventurer Michael Henderson reviews Anne Hamlin's book about her mother, Beverly Almond. In 1941, after the United States was attacked, Beverly sought adventure and went to Washington DC, wanting to do something for the war effort. An uncle in military intelligence asked if she would like to come and work at the Pentagon. He spoke to the colonel in charge of the special branch of Military Intelligence and vouched for her. Thus Beverly began a life which nobody knew about until long after the war was over. Read more 02 December, 2015 UK Changemakers magazine issue 2 In this issue Ann Edwards set out to make her local community sustainable. Teresa and Laurin Hodge are drawing on their strong mother-and-daughter bond, and Teresa's experience of serving a prison term, to help released prisoners reintegrate in society. These are just two examples of the women changemakers in this issue. As Nelson Mandela said: 'It is in your hands to create a better world for all who live in it.' Read more Show More


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One things many people anticipated in Barack Obama's final days as president was that he would issue a last minute pardon of Hillary Clinton much in the way that Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon. Then people who expected this were surprised when such an event did not happen. Some fans of Hillary Clinton tried to claim this lack of a pardon was based on her having done nothing deserving of a pardon, in spite of all the evidence to the contrary.
Given that the White House is inhabited by a Republican, and therefore the cabinet positions are Republican, and therefore the law enforcement apparatus is Republican, there is a good rason for Hillary Clinton to desire a pardon.
Then why would Barack Obama fail to pardon Hillary Clinton? One thing to consider is that in spite of them being in the same party and working together in the same administration, the two actually have never actually gotten along and actually do not like each other very much. His failure to pardon her could be due to him not wanting to do her any favors, as well as a punishment for her having failed to defeat Donald Trump in the general election.
Barack Obama has been shown that he can be quite petty. His behavior in escalating hostility with Russia is definitely an attempt to make things difficult for Donald Trump as he takes office. His failure to pardon Hillary Clinton could be even more petty than dislike. He could also be setting Hillary Clinton up for the uncomfortable position of being dependent on the good will of Donald Trump, making her dependent on his good will after a particularly vicious campaign. This would have the effect of making sure she behaves during the transition. She could have made this transition more difficult, but instead she had to stay on the good side of first Barack Obama and then Donald Trump. If she does anything to make things difficult for Donald Trump, he could always change his mind on the subject of legal activity against Hillary Clinton. This could be why she has been so completely out of the spot light since her defeat. She had no other choice.
Monday, January 23, 2017
Barack Obama did not pardon Hillary Clinton
Posted by Ayn R. Key at 7:12 PM
Labels: Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Obama, politics
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The Great Cupid Run
Great Cupid Run
Run your heart out on February 11th to celeberate Valentine's Day at
The San Francisco Great Cupid Run!
This flat loop 5K on around Crissy Field with views of the Golden Gate Bridge is a perfect way to get your heart and sole moving. Run solo, bring your significant other, run with friends or family, just run!
Guys: You receive heart boxers to run in!
Gals: You receive a tutu!
Everyone: Add your own Cupid flair, wear red, white, and pink to show off your Valentine's Day spirit.
Finish the race at our pancake booth by Breakfast Hero!
Finisher Medal
February 11 7:00 AM PST - Race day registration and packet pick up opens
February 11 8:30 AM PST - Race starts
Race Management


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I am a blogging mom of three who sums up her chaotic days with humorous rants in between cleaning peanut butter off the ceiling fan and keeping my youngest occupied in the lazy Susan. Put your feet up and laugh at me. My neighbors do!
Friday, January 18, 2008
A salad, some chocolate and a bookstore...
11 comments:
- Deb in OPKS said...
I may never eat an Arby's salad again! I usually go for Wendy's anyway.
- January 18, 2008 at 9:44 PM
- Heather said...
I'm proud of you for not giving up. I feel it in my bones that Macy Sue has a future. I can't wait to rec'v my prize! Proud you ate SOME salad. I had a dream last night that I was at Barnes and Noble and was trying to get this new book that had just come out. Memory Keeper was it's name (don't ask me why?) but anywho....someone in the store distracted me by ramming me with their shopping cart, meanwhile all the books were taken off the shelf while I nursed my "ramming wounded leg". I wonder if subconsiously I was trying to get YOUR book off the shelf. We'll never know....I hardly ever remember my dreams, but this one was vivid.
- January 18, 2008 at 10:22 PM
- Shellie said...
At least it had raisins and nuts, they're healthy. DON'T give up, just keep working at it, in the end it will all work out!
- January 18, 2008 at 11:34 PM
- Just-Me-Jen said...
Keep writing, keep drawing, keep submitting. I'm sure every other successful author out there can tell you about the hundreds of rejections they had before that magical "yes".
- January 19, 2008 at 5:42 AM
- SuburbanCorrespondent said...
Ha! My husband and I do that on dates, also - a bite to eat and then off to Barnes and Noble. Glad to hear we're not the only ones...
Thanks for stopping by my blog...
- January 19, 2008 at 5:53 AM
- Frazzled Farm Wife said...
You have such a positive attitude....I love that!
Date nite with hubby....sound marvelous!
- January 19, 2008 at 9:23 AM
- Mary said...
Have you tried a Luna Bar? Yummy and the kids hate 'em! ::wink wink::
Glad your book is making the rounds, she'll find the right publisher yet.
- January 19, 2008 at 11:52 AM
- Julie Stiles Mills said...
This is one of the quotes I'm framing for my son's room: "I've missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I've lost almost 300 games. 26 times I've been trusted to take the game winning shot... and missed. I've failed over and over and over again in my life.
That is why I succeed!"
Michael Jordan
Don't ever give up on your dream!
- January 19, 2008 at 1:08 PM
- My Semblance of Sanity said...
Thanks for the perspective!!!!!!
- January 19, 2008 at 1:15 PM
- Alison said...
I love your positive attitude!! That alone will get you far in life!
- January 19, 2008 at 1:42 PM
TMI alert: you didn't mention if your usual bookstore relaxation affliction struck...
But besides that, keep looking forward. I think it works for you.
- January 19, 2008 at 7:11 PM