text: I run a Mailman server and have noticed more recently that it seems spam is being posted to some lists but when I look at the headers the message was only posted to the mailman-owner or the owner of the list. How is this happening? Here is an example of a header. From just looking at the message it looks like it was posted to the entire list but in reality it looks like the address was spoofed? Please help. Subject: Every day you loose the sensations of seex! From: Meadows <addendumapartheid at rousselpartners.com> Date: Fri, 20 Oct 2006 23:53:27 +0900 To: lawdeans-l at lists.washlaw.edu Return-path: <mailman-bounces at lists.washlaw.edu> Received: from mxgateway.washburn.edu (mxgateway.washburn.edu [18.104.22.168]) by ims.washburn.edu (iPlanet Messaging Server 5.2 HotFix 2.10 (built Dec 26 2005)) with ESMTP id <0J7F00E2FWHIL6 at ims.washburn.edu> for mark.folmsbee at washburn.edu; Fri, 20 Oct 2006 10:03:18 -0500 (CDT) Received: from lists.washlaw.edu (lists.washlaw.edu [220.127.116.11]) by mxgateway.washburn.edu (Spam Firewall) with ESMTP id 2DE1CD20A012 for <mark.folmsbee at washburn.edu>; Fri, 20 Oct 2006 09:53:54 -0500 (CDT) Received: from lists.washlaw.edu (lists.washlaw.edu [127.0.0.1]) by lists.washlaw.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id 8188D2798A3 for <mark.folmsbee at washburn.edu>; Fri, 20 Oct 2006 05:53:45 -0400 (EDT) Received: from BRAINSERIES (p2045-ipbf08kyoto.kyoto.ocn.ne.jp [126.96.36.199]) by lists.washlaw.edu (Postfix) with ESMTP id F2B9E279865; Fri, 20 Oct 2006 05:53:19 -0400 (EDT) Sender: mailman-bounces at lists.washlaw.edu Errors-to: mailman-bounces at lists.washlaw.edu Message-ID: <09183786730436.BB2B64E214 at S6JVCR> MIME-Version: 1.0 X-MIMEOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1106 X-Mailer: Microsoft Office Outlook, Build 11.0.5510 Content-type: text/plain; charset=Windows-1252 Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit Delivered-to: lawdeans-l-owner at lists.washlaw.edu Thread-index: 4X3l7WDm9uyWcpAu08vLj8uQqjrHbllRFCVl X-ASG-Debug-ID: 1161356034-0a76001f0000-YLUhBN X-Barracuda-URL: http://mxgateway.washburn.edu:7777/cgi-bin/mark.cgi X-Barracuda-Connect: lists.washlaw.edu[22.214.171.124] X-Barracuda-Start-Time: 1161356034 X-ASG-Whitelist: Sender X-Original-To: lawdeans-l-owner at lists.washlaw.edu X-ASG-Orig-Subj: Every day you loose the sensations of seex! X-Barracuda-Virus-Scanned: by WU E-mail Filter at washburn.edu X-Barracuda-Spam-Score: 0.00 X-Barracuda-Spam-Status: No, SCORE=0.00 using global scores of TAG_LEVEL=2.4 QUARANTINE_LEVEL=4.0 KILL_LEVEL=6.0 Original-recipient: rfc822;mark.folmsbee at washburn.edu Thanks! -- J


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This is the Spektrum DX3E DSM 3Ch Surface Radio. Revolutionizing the industry yet again, Spektrum announces their most affordable 2.4GHz system ever offered. Packed with features and added value, the DX3E is just what consumers have been asking for. At $99.99 MAP, it's tough to beat this easy-to-use system- modern Spektrum styling, interference-free driving, and added features such as battery indicator LEDs and steering dual rates plus compatibility with all Bind-n-Drive vehicles.
# of Channels: 3
Modulation: DSM (Compatible with DSM2 and the MR3000 receivers too)
Band: 2.4GHz
Servos: S200 (1)
Receiver: SR300 DSM 3-channel receiver
Model Memory: 1
Transmitter (Tx) Battery Type: AA Alkaline (4 included)

subset: commoncrawl


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Scrap Car Golders Green, CR4, Scrap your car for free
We're a dependable team of scrap car breakers working out of Golders Green (CR4), London. If you have an old car that you are not using you will still be expected to keep it taxed whilst it is on the road. Don't pay to have your old vehicle collected Use us for our free collection service!
Golders Green - Breaking News
As well as offering a completely free collection, we are also currently able to offer cash for scrap cars in Golders Green depending upon the weight of the vehicle!
If you'd like us to make you an offer just ask when calling or add 'CASH QUOTE PLEASE' in the 'Additional Info' box when submitting our online form.
- Convenient collection times
- DVLA notification
- Nationwide coverage
- Completely free collection!
- Environment agency approved recycling facilities
Pick up the phone and call 0800 043 5100 or simply fill out our online form to the right!
Choose Scrap Car Golders Green
Scrap Car Golders Green offer a local service to London and have provided car collection in Golders Green for over a decade resulting in many happy customers. We can be with you in 30 minutes if needed, maybe quicker just call to find out. We are proud to be able to offer an unrivalled service and will arrive to collect your car at the agreed time slot. We are open 24/7 and are available to you 365 days a year, and we will work around you commitments.
We make sure that you vehicle is correctly disposed of. There are a few companies out there that will sell your scrap car as a runner and not scrap it, quite often they will not even inform the DVLA that the vehicle has a new owner. This can cause you to receive fines, legally the car is still registered to you. We always ensure that the DVLA are aware that the vehicle is no longer registered to you, at least that's something you don't have to worry about. Scrap Car Golders Green can guarantee that whatever can be recycled is, this ensure that we are always doing our bit for the environment.
Make sure your old scrap car is disposed of correctly as we want to keep London clean and tidy. If your area looks unsightly due to abandoned cars, we can help, call Scrap Car Golders Green, we will help keep our streets clean and tidy. Get your car scrapped, call the specialists!
The car scrappage scheme
The car scrappage scheme may seem like a splendid idea at first. However, you are in fact limited to what type of new car you can get. You cannot simply go out and purchase any car you wish. This is frustrating for a lot of people as the cars in the scrappage scheme may not be to your liking.
How to scrap your car
It is so simple to scrap that old car in Golders Green. Just by picking up the phone you can learn the process from our helpful phone operators. Otherwise please feel free to browse our website and find as much information as you can before you call.
Reasons to scrap your car
There are a lot of different reasons for wanting to dispose of an old car. The main reason in our experience is that the car is beyond repair, it will be cheaper to buy a new one. If you have a scrap car that is unusable you need to either declare it off the road or scrap it, otherwise your will continue to need to pay road tax on the car.
Just call us on 0800 043 5100 or fill out the following form:


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Day 17-20: Chutes and Ladders
The Pacific Crest Trail, as the name implies, follows crests of mountain ranges, so we have come to expect ups and downs. But when we looked at the elevation graphs for the upcoming section of trail, we knew we were in for a doozy.
Day 17: Saddle Junction (Mile 179.5)-Fuller Ridge (189.5) + 2.5 leaving Idyllwild; 12.5 miles
From Idyllwild we walked up the Devils Slide trail to Saddle Junction. The trail snakes up the mountainside, climbing 1700 feet in two and a half miles. After reaching Saddle Junction, we walked a few miles then stopped to heat up ramen at a nice spot with a view.
We climbed further to Fuller Ridge at 8800 feet. We encountered significant snow there which slowed our progress. While the trail was passable, the snow was icy and slippery and we each fell. We wished we had our Microspikes. We were carrying 9 days of food, and the extra weight caused our packs to work against us when we shifted our weight on snowy slopes. This was a rough day mentally for Anna.
Finally, losing sunlight and tired, we found a small meadow (half snow covered) suitable for camping. We ate cheese and dried cherries and camped there.
Day 18: Fuller Ridge (Mile 189.5)-Snow Canyon Road (206); 16.5 miles
We woke to frost on the tent and found the water we'd stored inside the tent partially frozen. We walked to a tiny ice-cold creek where we filled most of our water containers, as we were about to begin a 15-mile stretch without water.
It was quite cold at 8000 feet where we began our daylong descent. At first we hiked in our puffy jackets. As we descended we shed those, as well as our thin nylon jackets, hats, and zip-off pant legs. Soon we found the pine forest transitioning to desert, complete with snakes and yucca.
In the next ten miles we saw two rattlesnakes and (likely) a tarantula, and Anna got stung by a bee on her nose!
We also found two really cool frogs that had perfect rock-like camouflage.
In addition, we saw several other snakes, a dozen horny toads, and probably a hundred lizards.
Amidst this bevy of wildlife, we passed the 200 mile mark! And as a fitting way to celebrate, Anna noticed that she had worn two holes in one of her socks!
After even more descending, we arrived at the Snow Canyon Road water faucet. We had walked our longest mileage yet (16.5 miles), and completed our greatest descent (6000 feet). We ate a bit, set up the tent and watched bats swoop and dive after insects.
Day 19: Snow Canyon Road (Mile 206)-Uphill from Whitewater River (221.5); 15.5 miles
The day began with a flat desert walk which led us under the I-10 freeway and near the town of Whitewater. There were massive wind turbines all around us. Due to our fast pace, Chris almost stepped on a gopher snake, which was large but not perturbed. We stopped at the Mesa Wind Farm office and bought five ice cream bars!
Today Chris also treated his first blister. Our feet and bodies are doing remarkably well, especially compared to many other hikers we chat with. We should also note that Anna's shin splints grow less each day and have almost disappeared.
The hike just after the wind farm was steep and very hot. We didn't see a single shady spot for miles so we took a break in full sun and ate a melted snickers bar. After a few more miles of walking, we confirmed a total lack of shady spots. However we did find butterflies.
Finally, feeling well done, or at least medium rare, we reached the Whitewater River and dipped our feet in. It felt wonderful.
About a mile past the river we found a flat camping spot. After 3000 feet of climbing in heavy heat, sleep came quickly.
Day 20: Uphill from Whitewater River (Mile 221.5)- Creek side Camp (235.5); 14 miles
All the wonderful downhill walking during Day 17 took its revenge today. On the PCT, what goes down must certainly come back up. The guidebook we are using describes the climb accurately: "long, slow, hot uphill slog. Bring your big boy/girl pants."
We woke at 5 and made great progress on the uphill in the morning.
By noon we were wavering in the relentless heat.
The heat was taking its toll on Chris so we decided to call it an early night and camp after 14 miles of walking. We knew we'd need the extra energy to tackle the remainder of the mountain the next day.
At our shady, cool campsite, other hikers began to join us as evening approached. We chatted for a couple hours with Rick, who told us funny stories. Eventually Jaunty and Caveman showed up, and they were both quite friendly as well. As the sun set, we all slept.
Brenda Bertsch #
I am very much enjoying your postings. I especially like your reflections on how you feel, your ups and downs, and ah moments. Thank you for sharing. Brenda BertschMay 10, 2012
Barb #
How many hikers do you meet each day? Does it help to see others, and chat with them? Are most of the others hiking just part of the PCT – or all of it? Your postings are fascinating!May 10, 2012
Margaret #
So, do you 2 have trail names yet? And when you talk about temps, do you have any sense about what the temps are, or are they just colder or hotter relative to other days? Obviously, frost on your tent says something…
When you talked about Anna getting stung on her nose, I thought the next pic would be….May 10, 2012
skopes #
beautiful landscape! it's amazing how you can go from dreadfully hot one day to ice on your tent the next. the desert is wonderful like that. can't wait for all the pics to come of the sierras! glad your trip is going great so far!May 10, 2012
Suzanne in berkeley #
Anna and Chris- hope today finds you well! Those elevation trail charts are cool… And impressive. Am enjoying hearing about and seeing the critters and plants that you see. Happy trails!May 11, 2012
George #
Congrats on reaching Big Bear. Time for a little R&R?May 11, 2012
Jan #
Life is a little more challenging for you two than those of us in Bermuda! But you seem to be doing great in spite of the challenges of the trail. It's so great to hear about your adventures.May 11, 2012


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Biofilm and Sinusitis
The role of biofilms in chronic rhino-sinusitis (CRS) was recently reviewed on this blog.
If we accept that biofilm-forming bacteria cause chronic rhino-sinusitis ….
How can understanding biofilm and sinusitis help us to treat our sinusitis?
First, physical forces are needed to remove some biofilms. For some people, this means surgical removal of the thick, tenacious bacterial matt that has accumulated. This is particularly true for those with sinusitis and cystic fibrosis.
For most people with CRS, elimination and maintenance of good nasal and sinus health may be achieved following these steps.
The 5-Step Program to Eliminate Biofilm and Sinusitis
Nasal saline rinses. Nasal Saline Rinsing as a remedy for sinusitis has been amply covered here on this blog.
- The second thing to do is to add something to the saline rinses that will help dissolve the biofilm. Like what? Baby Shampoo. Really.
It's called a surfactant, and it helps dissolve biofilms.
Physician-scientists at the University of Pennsylvania studied the addition of 1% baby shampoo to nasal saline rinses. They found that the baby shampoo helped reduce the thick, viscous secretions and postnasal drainage in patients with CRS in 60% of their patients. Their study was reported in 2008 in the American Journal of Rhinology.
Note that although they conclude that the "baby shampoo had no effect on the eradication of pre-formed Psuedomonas biofilms," they also concluded that "60% of patients noted improvement in specific symptoms…"
In a more recent article, this same group concluded that baby shampoo therapy "… shows in vitro antimicrobial effects with modest inhibition of bacterial biofilm inhibition."
My conclusion? It works. But heed the following caution:
CAUTION: don't use too much – it burns (I know from personal experience). A few drops in the bottle should do it.
- We know which bacteria are best at forming biofilms – staph and pseudomonas are pretty good at it. That includes MRSA. Several studies have now shown that HONEY is a great natural antibiotic! It is very effective against staph and pseudomonas. You can simply add some honey to your nasal saline rinses to benefit from this natural antibiotic.
- The addition of antibiotics to the saline rinses. A review of the medical literature on the use of antibiotics added to nasal saline rinses to treat CRS concluded that they are effective. The full-text pdf can be downloaded from the link here.
- Using a pulse-irrigator for really resistant CRS may help flush out the biofilms. There have been very few controlled clinical trials that evaluate pulse-irrigation for nasal rinses to treat CRS, but this study from the University of California, San Diego, supports the use of "water-pic-like" pulse irrigators. I recommend these for my patients with very resistant CRS.
- Finally, because the adenoids have been found to be a reservoir for the biofilm-producing bacteria that cause CRS (link to full-text pdf; this is a beautiful study from my friends at the University of Virginia), removing the adenoid tissue can benefit those with CRS. If it comes to that, an adenoidectomy is a much more gentle surgery than either sinus surgery, or a tonsillectomy, and an adenoidectomy may eliminate CRS. As a last resort.
So, if you or your child have chronic rhino-sinusitis, start with #1 above, and move your way down the list until you achieve a cure.
Assuming That You Are Also Doing All the Other Stuff …
Working on this list assumes that you are already taking great general care of your health:
- That you have removed toxins and irritants from your life.
- That you get enough sleep to keep a healthy immune system.
- That you eat a balanced, healthy, and nutritious diet. Don't neglect your nutrition and diet.
- Don't neglect your sleep.
- Don't neglect your environment:
Eliminate the various toxins in your home and work environment.
These other topics are covered here on this blog.
- Header Image Credit of Flourescent Microscope Image: Biofilm growing on stainless surface. From CDC, photo by Dr. Rodnay M. Donlan: "Biofilms: Microbial Life on Surfaces", by Murga & Donlan, 2002. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Polymicrobic_biofilm_epifluorescence.jpg
- For the best nasal saline rinse system that I have found (Nasopure), and a great resource for those with children who are troubled by sinusitis or allergies – including awesome videos that show your child how to do nasal saline rinses – check out Dr. Hana's Nasopure website: http://www.nasopure.com/
- Transparency: I have NO financial or other arrangements with Dr. Hana Solomon or Nasopure. I simply think that her site is a valuable resource, and the Nasopure saline rinse system is the one that I use personally, and recommend to my patients.
- For optimizing your indoor air quality, and reducing rhinitis and sinusitis, from this blog: Stop Breathing: Your Air is Killing You
- Also, consider buying Dr. Hana's book, Cleaning the Air One Nose at a Time: at http://www.nasopure.com/
What are YOU using in your nasal saline rinses?
Have you tried any of the tips above?
Did they work for you?
Please leave a comment to tell all of us about your experiences – we will all learn from each other.
Thanks for visiting.
I appreciate your comments and questions. Keep 'em coming. Please, "be excellent to one another."
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It's free, it's convenient. No ads. No spam. You can un-subscribe at any time. How cool is that?
Stay Informed.
Stay Healthy.
Best of health and success to you and your families.
Until next time, remember … you can pick your friends, and you can pick your nose, but you can't pick your friend's nose (unless you're a boogor doctor :~D)


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South Florida General Contractors
JDP Construction provides complete home construction and general contractor services in Fort Lauderdale, Miami, and throughout South Florida. We provide experienced and creative home improvement services from bathroom and kitchen remodeling to driveway paving and fence installation. Read more about our services by clicking the links below and contact us today to request a quote!
Screen Rooms
Sun rooms are basically an outdoor living space made of glass and a screen, and they sit on a wood or concrete made foundation. Read More
Impact Windows
By protecting the structural shell of the home you live in or your business, this is going to greatly increase the odds of being able to save the entire structure that you are trying to protect. Read More
Start Your Home Improvement Project
Pool Decks
Your pool, in South Florida, is one of your biggest reselling assets and the favorite amenity of your home. Read More
Kitchen Remodeling
The kitchen is the heart of every home. Families congregate in the kitchen for everything from meal times to homework. Read More
Bathroom Remodeling
It's well known that kitchens and bathrooms are the two rooms in homes that bring the most value. Read More
Roof Contractors
DP Construction is one of the top home remodeling services with roof contractors serving residents from Coconut Creek to Homestead and Miami to Fort Lauderdale. Read More
Why Choose Us?
- $500 Off Any Job Over $2,500
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Paving & Screen Rooms
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Fence Installation
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Cities Served:
Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Miramar, Coral Springs, Pembroke Pines, North Lauderdale, Pompano Beach, Miami Lakes, Hallendale, Plantation
Construction News You Can Use
Know Your Contractor!
You've heard the horror stories of homeowners shelling out thousands of dollars for projects that end up cracked, or not completed at all. There are many people that try to scam unsuspecting customers because of their [...]
Do you really need hurricane shutters in Fort Lauderdale, FL?
On a rainy day, you may think nothing of your windows as the rain lightly sprinkles down. You're able to read a good book or eat a fulfilling meal. Although strong hurricanes happen rarely, if [...]
Know Your Contractor!
Know Your Contractor Before a Job is Done You've heard the horror stories of homeowners shelling out thousands of dollars for projects that end up cracked, or not completed at all. There are many people [...]
How To Hire A Concrete Driveway Contractor
Hire the best concrete driveway contractor Concrete Driveway Contractor- How To Hire The Best In The Business When considering a new concrete driveway installation, it is extremely important to select the best contractor [...]
Professional Hurricane Shutters Installed In Fort Lauderdale
Keep your family safe with durable Hurricane Shutters The safety and protection of any home, during a hurricane, should be a priority for anyone living in an area with a higher probability of having to [...]
Safety and Insurance: The Importance of Hurricane Shutters in Florida
Reuters recently reported that hurricane-season has finally arrived in Florida, which brings into question if the state-controlled insurance system is as ready as it can be. To minimize the state's expenditures in recovering from hurricane damages, Governor Rick Scott recently passed a law that would cut the coverage of the Citizens Property Insurance in the hopes of encouraging people to go for private insurance instead. The state can now only cover $700,000 per home instead of $2 million. […]


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Ken Gilmore – Lead Pastor and Chairman
Ken Gilmore has been on staff at Keystone since 1994 and became the Lead Pastor in 2006. He has a passion for creatively communicating the timeless truths of scripture to modern minds and hearts. He holds a master's degree in Biblical Studies from Asbury Theological Seminary (2013) and a bachelor's degree in Christian Ministries from Indiana Wesleyan University (1994). Ken and his wife, Diane, live in Saline where they are raising their three sons.
Phone: 734.944.5397, ext. 201
Phone: 734.944.5397, ext. 201
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Kim Rhoades – Vice Chairman & Treasurer
Kim (who has been married to our Care Director Dee Dee for 35+ years) came to Keystone in September of 1995. Since 1996, Kim has served as a member of the Leadership Team, while also bringing his professional experience as a CPA to the role of treasurer and head of the finance team. In addition to lending guidance on financial and operational issues at Keystone, Kim loves helping new believers learn about Christ, and puts that calling into action as a discussion leader for our Starting Point groups. After hours you will most likely find Kim either spending time with his wife and family (that now includes five grandchildren), or searching for his golf ball in the woods at one of the local courses.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Marlene Moore – Secretary
Marlene has been attending Keystone since 2000 where she has worked in a number of different volunteer capacities. Marlene joined the KLT as secretary in 2013. She received a BBA from Eastern Michigan University. She lives in Belleville with her husband, Stephen, and they have grown children named Jeff and Justine.
Email: email@example.com
David Luttenbacher – Member-At-Large
Dave and his wife Sue have been attending Keystone since 2009. Dave loves Keystone's friendly atmosphere and biblical teaching. He joined the Leadership Team in 2015 as Member-At-Large, and also volunteers as a member of the production team. refreshment team and facilities maintenance helper when needed. Dave and Sue retired in 2016 and spend the winters in Florida (Yes, Snow Birds)
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Rudy Pataro – Member-At-Large
Rudy and his wife Wendy have been attending Keystone since 1998 and have lived in Saline since 1996. They have been married for 27 years and have three children, from teen through adult. Rudy loves the fun loving atmosphere that Keystone creates and in particular enjoys Pastor Ken's teaching style. He enjoys movies, skiing, and generally any type of water sport. Rudy holds a bachelors degree in Mechanical Engineering from Lehigh University and graduate degrees from the University of Michigan. Having spent years focused on growing small businesses in the technology space in and around Ann Arbor he is looking forward to bringing that growth perspective to the Keystone Leadership Team.
Email: email@example.com
Tracy Fosdick – Member-At-Large
Photo coming soon.
Tracy and her husband Chuck began attending Keystone about 12 years ago. They are both Saline High Grads, have been married 30 years, raised a daughter and son and are blessed with a son in law, 2 beautiful granddaughters and a daughter in law. Tracy has a Bachelors Degree from Michigan State University in Supply Chain Management and works in the automotive industry. She enjoys serving at Keystone in the communion setup monthly and coordinates the Cass Corridor project serving the needy in inner city Detroit. She loves the energy and passion Keystone members bring to their worship of our savior, Jesus Christ, as seen on Sunday mornings, small group study, and the countless ways Keystone members show love in the community at large.
Jayme Lanker – Member-At-Large
Photo coming soon.
Jayme started attending Keystone in 2012 where she found a renewed and stronger faith in God. She believes serving as Waumba Land worship leader was one of the most rewarding experiences. She has been married to Gordon for 14 years and they have three children. Jayme and Gordon enjoy being part of the Keystone small group community and became GroupLife leaders in 2015. Jayme holds a Bachelor of Science Degree from the University of Michigan and has held a variety of positions in research and sales within the pharmaceutical industry. Jayme is excited to see how God's plan unfolds as part of the Keystone Leadership Team.
Mark Tuneff – Member-At-Large
Mark and his wife Anita have been members of Keystone since 2003. They have been married for 28 years and have two children, Dan is a 2015 GVSU grad and Elise is a student at U of M. Mark appreciates Keystone's welcoming atmosphere and teaching that focuses on practical applications for our daily lives. He has been involved in a variety of ministries at Keystone including the last building renovation and expansion. Mark holds a BS in Mechanical Engineering from the Naval Academy and a graduate degree in Engineering Management from Old Dominion University and has a passion to provide a welcoming comfortable and safe environment for the families and guests at Keystone.
Email: email@example.com


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|Latest Links
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CloudyTags - Latest Links
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258 1 1
|Top Clouds
|Growing Clouds


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Game Killer APK (or GameKiller) is also a android program to alter gems, coins, etc of android games by utilizing technique of memory changing. Gamekiller was downloaded by over 10 million consumers worldwide making it among the most downloaded program unavailable on Google Play shop.
Game Killer is a powerful yet simple to use, supports highest variety of matches and is compatible with most recent android variations; Lollipop and Marshmallow. It is possible to download Game killer freely with no survey in addition to read detailed step-wise process on utilizing Game Killer on this website.
In the testimonials left around the internet, this initial step is the one which trips up users the most. Rooting an Android apparatus isn't necessarily a beginner-level endeavor, however Game Killer requires root access and won't operate without it. There are various programs available on the market to root on a device, but if one of these not get the job done for you, a quick Google search will yield guide Android rooting directions.
Ordinarily, one understands if their Android remains rooted. If you are unsure, however, launch Game Killer is going to end in a telltale 'inadequate permissions' mistake.
2: 'Unknown sources' has to be turned on
Still another hang up that fresh Game Killer users might experience is an 'installment blocked' mistake. Simple to repair, this requires one to flip on the 'Unknown Sources' choice inside the device's 'Program Settings' (or 'Security') menu.
A caveat: empowering installation of programs out of 'Unknown sources' is a considerable safety risk. For security, only install reliable applications downloaded straight from the developer's web site.
*Game Killer is not able to modify games using their information stored on remote servers so, if a match requires an online connection, this program will not work for them.
Number: The tutorial Isn't optional
The tutorial isn't optional. If you're to have success shifting score, life, or coin worth, Game Killer's guide has to be followed to the letter. Confused, 'how can I do so?' Testimonials are next only to testimonials unaware of the main requirements. Save yourself and easily avoid it by studying the programmer's FAQ.
It is correct that there is a good deal of prep work involved in getting Game Killer ready to go on your own Android, but do not let this be a deterrent. Once setup, Download Game Killer functions perfectly and as promised. As the final thing in this review, there's yet another recommendation: Enhance your learning curve and also experimentation using Game Killer in a easy game program first.


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Southampton water land uses:
- Dibden Bay- Natural area, recognised by RSPB. Holds an SSSI, Keyhaven nature reserve- 2000 acres. Important for birds.
- City of Southampton- 50000 people
- Roll on/Roll off facility- 750000 vehicles a year, holds 6000 cars, Container Facility- 200 acres, 25% of container traffic
- Cruise Terminal- 200 cruise ships handled a year, 700000 passengers, Bulk Terminal – 28000 ton grain facility
- Cowers (Isle of Wight), large port.
- Thorness Bay Holiday Village
- Calshot Activities centre- water sports centre, River Hamble- used for watersports
- Fawley Power Station- one of the largest oil fired power stations in the UK, Exxon Mobil Oil Refinery- 3000 acres, 2000 ship movements a year. 15% of UK petrol products. Workforce of 3000
- Fawley chemical manufacturing plant- produces a million tons of chemicals in a year, about 80% exported.
- Large shipping facilities with leisure (water sports due to injury and land-based recreation due to spoiling the view)
- Industry and conservation
(Image source: http://www.southampton.ac.uk/about/city-region.page)


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Links to this site have been disabled for one or several reasons including: the site is no longer operating, many member complaints, bad billing practices, severe functional problems or a dispute with the site owner.
Gay Solo Movies takes on a subject matter that I can never get enough of - masturbation. It makes the world go round, and judging from the tour there are plenty of guys spilling their loads all over their couches, beds, and hands to keep me happy for awhile. Let's wander on inside and see what we find.
The member's area is pretty simple, with navigation along the top and left. There are some updates listed that say they're "today's updates", but there are no dates I could find inside the site. It's pretty amateur in looks, but as long as it's usable I don't mind that too much. There are really only two options to go to that are important right now anyway - Videos and Pictures.
The middle has a section for Today's Newest Updates, Coming Soon, and Popular Links. I started off in the photos section, which greeted me with 753 photo sets. They are non exclusive and there's one big problem - they aren't all solo. When I go into a site expecting non stop wanking and see two guys going at it, I end up a bit dazed and confused. The quality is average at best with 800x600 photos, and it seems like it is half and half with hardcore and masturbation sets. The amount of photos per set varies widely, with some having 40 photos and others having less than 15. I tried a few galleries that, when clicked, took me to a blank page. One other thing about the pic sets is that somewhere in the middle are a bunch of pic sets showing penis exercises. These are mostly somewhat blurry vidcaps, but I must admit that they ARE solo.
The video section is just like the photo section - there are solo videos, but there are also hardcore and groupsex vids - in fact, all kinds of gay movies, and no focus on masturbation at all. This was definitely not what I was expecting going into a site named Gay Solo Movies. In fact, out of the first page of videos only 1 is solo...all of the rest are hardcore. Now that's what I call an interesting interpretation of what a solo video should be...
The videos are non exclusive and many are below average quality, whch was a bit disappointing. The videos sound good in theory at 720x544, but once you start watching them you start to wonder who would make videos like that in this day and age. There are no full scene downloads, which isn't bad on the newer stuff with their 5 minute clips, but it's a total pain on the older videos which have 10 second clips. Yes, 10 seconds. Going on to the extras, I have to say that there really aren't many - you have some erotica and then a bonus dvd feed that didn't work while I visited the site.
Gay Solo Movies doesn't deliver on their promises. True, the site does have lots of content, but the vast majority of the videos and pics aren't solo, and what's more, there's no way to sort the videos. If you wanted to see guys jacking off, you'll have to wade through a lot of other types of action. And at that, the video quality is only so-so. Sure there's a lot of it, but just because you have a ton of something doesn't mean it's what you're looking for. If you're looking for solo male masturation, this isn't the place to find it, and if you go to the site, don't expect the member area to deliver what you see on the tour.


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Reviewed by Dalton N. (age 6)
I like this book because all the animals got mad at Grey Goose, but they chased him to a pond. The dog is my favorite character because I want to get a dog someday. It reminds me of how my brother picks on me and I sometimes chase him.
I recommend this book for kids because it could help you get along with your friends or your brother.
(This review was dictated to an adult.)


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Kensal Rise Library is participating in our first joint event with the Brent Library Service!
Come along and hear about our plans for re-opening the library, and about community libraries in Preston, Barham Park and Cricklewood, as well as news from the Brent Library Service. Share your views on the library service in Brent.
Saturday 2nd July 2016 at Willesden Green Library from 10.30am to 1pm, library news update11am to 11.30am.
Roald Dahl craft workshop for children at 11.30am. Chance to visit the Brent Archive Search Room 12.30pm. Free prize draw.


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User login
What Is The Average Cost Of Laminate Countertops Installed? Average Laminate Countertops Installation Price
Laminate Countertops are amongst the cheapest and the most popular ones available in the market. The average cost of countertops is approximately $5 per square foot. When it comes to the installation, it may cost as much as $390 if someone installs the countertops without the help of a contractor. However, in case of expert services, countertops can cost $20 to $30 per square foot of installation. The kind of service one will need depends on the extent of protection one would like.
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I read with interest this page concerning ideas and changes for the main-menu (slab) in GNOME. I have about 100 people deployed on it right now, and another 650 going live in the next 30 days. It's been in use for a while now, so it was cool to see that the development team is noticing a lot of the same things that I have.
I'm putting my comments inline with the items listed on the development ideas page. Some of the changes are going to make things harder for us (and very possibly other enterprise users).
To start with, there is how our main-menu looks with all of our software loaded. We have a lot of departments each with their own software packages. I'm positive this is way more applications than is being tested; but very probably is the amount that most bigger deployments will use.
In 1024x768 users are unable to get to the window manager handles on the bottom (marked in Red). The "Groups" have no scroll bar code; so it doesn't know what to do when you have so many software packages that it doesn't fit on the physical screen.
Here is the mockup that I found for the new main-menu:
I've marked in colors some areas of note:
(Red): I love the "Actions" section, however please allow me to remove the last 2 entries for the users. "Actions" and "Drag here to add to Favorites" should be aligned to the bottom and move down as entries are removed.
(Green): Scroll bars, please that activate only when you have enough "Groups". That total number will change as people move between resolutions. We have people that are logged into 1024x768 one day and then 1680x1050 the next. We also have mobile users logging in at 800x600 from their cars. When they come into the building they mostly use 1024x768.
(Blue): Filter. One interesting thing that I have noticed is that the users use the Filter to try and search for "Groups" along with applications. This currently does not work. Right or wrong, they do it often as I look over their shoulder. One of my groups is "City - Skills Improvement" and possibly if you type in "Skills" or "Improvement" it should return all of the software contained in that Group.
So my comments now on the developers Wiki. The developer items are preceded with a carot.
> The main menu opens a second window to allow the user to launch applications not contained in the main menu.
I kind of like the second window. What I have found is that users are intimidated by lots of things on the screen. The work flow that I have seen is that they only go into the "Big Menu" a few times when they first log into the desktop. They place shortcuts on the gnome-panel, wallpaper(Desktop) or into Favorites and rarely go back into it. There are literally hundreds of software packages that they rarely or never use. It would be nice to allow a gconf setting determine whether you get a second window or not. I would use it.
> It's slow
Even with 100 people on, mine opens in 2-3 seconds even with this many software icons. What is really SLOW is when you add a .desktop file with 100 people logged into the same machine. The whole server comes to a crawl while all 100 people refresh their cache. Bug is filed here.
> It's not what the user expects
It's been well received by everyone that has seen it. It's much better than old style cascading menus. 99% of people have figured out to do [ Computer ] >> [ More Applications ] on their own. I don't think this is a weak area of design.
> People don't use the category-links or search-filter on the application-browser's left side, thus scroll a lot to find an application
True. Many people try and scroll through the list of software applications. The one bad thing that I saw in the mockup is that if the user fails to understand that clicking on different "Groups" shows more software applications they won't see that more exist. At least with the current design a scroll bar immediately shows you that many more software options can be found below. Not everyone understands the concepts of tabbed choices.
> People don't use right-click in the application-browser, so they never discover that they can add applications to their favorites, nor do they know that they can uninstall applications from within the application-browser
Very true. Right-mouse clicks should always be one method to do something in software, but not the only way. Many users *never* try the right mouse click. It should also be noted that some users log into GNOME via NX/Citrix from Macs which have sometimes only a single button mouse.
> Make richness of application-browser more obvious by use of icons/text ('Drag here to add to favorites')
Yes!. This will compliment the right-mouse method.
> Force users to find their applications faster by using tabs for categories and icons for sublevel-categories
See comments above. By hiding the scroll bar, some people will not understand that the tabs produce more options. Remember, that technology is used by people of various skills. We also have a lot of users that only log on for email and leave request entry for 10 minutes in the morning before starting their regular duties. Not all employees work on computers 8 hours of the day to tinker and try things.
It's always nice to see projects moving ahead. Hopefully my comments have given some food for thought.
Friday, June 20, 2008
Main-Menu Changes For OpenSuse 11.1
3 comments:
It's really is a joke to call that monstrosity a 'menu'. It would probably have been easier just to turn the whole desktop background into one massive application launcher.
- Dave Richards said...
anonymous: :) It does work better than the cascading menus. Cascading menus make it harder for users to find software. I appreciate that main-menu has made GNOME easier for low to medium skilled workers (which is most of them).
- This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
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- Research article
- Open Access
Comprehensive profiling of zebrafish hepatic proximal promoter CpG island methylation and its modification during chemical carcinogenesis
© Mirbahai et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011
- Received: 30 July 2010
- Accepted: 4 January 2011
- Published: 4 January 2011
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism associated with regulation of gene expression and it is modulated during chemical carcinogenesis. The zebrafish is increasingly employed as a human disease model; however there is a lack of information on DNA methylation in zebrafish and during fish tumorigenesis.
A novel CpG island tiling array containing 44,000 probes, in combination with immunoprecipitation of methylated DNA, was used to achieve the first comprehensive methylation profiling of normal adult zebrafish liver. DNA methylation alterations were detected in zebrafish liver tumors induced by the environmental carcinogen 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Genes significantly hypomethylated in tumors were associated particularly with proliferation, glycolysis, transcription, cell cycle, apoptosis, growth and metastasis. Hypermethylated genes included those associated with anti-angiogenesis and cellular adhesion. Of 49 genes that were altered in expression within tumors, and which also had appropriate CpG islands and were co-represented on the tiling array, approximately 45% showed significant changes in both gene expression and methylation.
The functional pathways containing differentially methylated genes in zebrafish hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported to be aberrantly methylated during tumorigenesis in humans. These findings increase the confidence in the use of zebrafish as a model for human cancer in addition to providing the first comprehensive mapping of DNA methylation in the normal adult zebrafish liver.
- Gene Ontology
- Methylation Level
- Transcriptional Start Site
- Tiling Array
- Zebrafish Liver
Tumorigenesis by chemical carcinogens is a multistep process [1] with accumulation of both mutations and epigenetic aberrations in regulatory regions of genes and disruption of cellular signaling pathways [2, 3]. In particular, DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides is an important component of epigenetic gene expression regulation [4], resulting in modulation of protein-DNA interactions [5, 6]. Aberrant methylation of CpG islands (CGI) in the promoter and exonic regions [7, 8], and changes in gene expression, have been associated with tumorigenesis [7, 9, 10]. Global hypomethylation occurs in most human tumors [3, 4, 7] leading to potential activation of imprinted genes, parasite sequences and oncogenes and increased chromosome instability [3]. In addition, hypermethylation of genes associated with negative regulation of tumorigenesis, such as tumor suppressor genes (TSG), DNA repair genes, and anti-angiogenic genes, is a common and key characteristic of neoplastic cells [4, 10–13]. Furthermore, a range of rodent carcinogens alter methylation status contributing to the carcinogenic mechanisms [14].
Fish have been used as models to study tumors induced by environmental carcinogens. For example, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [15], zebrafish (Danio rerio) [16], guppy (Poecilia reticulata) [17], platyfish (Xiphophorus sp.) [18] and medaka (Oryzias latipes) [17] have been employed in carcinogen bioassays. Zebrafish is a particularly well established model for investigating embryogenesis, organogenesis, environmental carcinogenesis and for modeling human diseases such as cancer [15, 19–23]. Chemically-induced tumors in zebrafish and tumors in humans are histopathologically very similar [20, 24] and orthologous TSGs and oncogenes in human and fish have been identified [20]. Recent studies comparing hepatic gene expression in human and zebrafish tumors demonstrated conservation of gene expression profiles at different stages of tumor aggressiveness between these two phylogenetically distant species [23]. However, the contribution of altered methylation to such changes is unknown.
Although there are reports on global levels of methylation during embryogenesis or in adults [25–27], effect of temperature on global levels of methylation [28] methylation profiling in zebrafish embryo [29] and role of chromatin mediated gene regulation during embryogenesis [19], to our knowledge no study has been published on the DNA methylation patterns or methylation changes associated with carcinogenesis in adult zebrafish. Therefore, the aims of the study were to achieve a comprehensive mapping of zebrafish hepatic proximal promoter CGI methylation in both normal liver and in chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors. We aimed to determine if there was a linkage between methylation and the observed changes in the zebrafish HCC gene expression, and to compare biological pathways represented by altered gene methylation in zebrafish HCC with pathways commonly altered in human HCC.
To our knowledge this paper is the first to describe methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) in combination with a CGI zebrafish tiling array for establishing normal and HCC methylation profiles in the liver of any adult fish species. This microarray, in combination with well-established methylation immunoprecipitation, serves as a powerful tool for elucidating comprehensive methylation profiles. To further validate the data derived from the tiling array, bisulfite sequencing PCR was used.
Global measurement of DNA methylation
Unbiased enrichment of methylated DNA using methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)
To optimize and test the specificity of the immunoprecipitation method, CGI regions of 14 genes (15 regions) located 1.5 kb upstream to 1 kb downstream of transcriptional start sites (TSS) were screened for methylation of cytosine using bisulfite sequencing PCR (Additional file 1, Table S1). Following bisulfite treatment and sequencing of the 14 genes, CGIs located at the promoter region of the "no-tail" (ntla) gene were found to be completely methylated while the remaining 13 genes, including glutathione S- transferase P1 (gstp1), were completely un-methylated (Additional file 2, Figures S1 and S2). The no-tail gene and the glutathione S-transferase P1 gene were thus used as fully methylated (positive control) and un-methylated (negative control) DNA regions for validating the immunoprecipitation enrichment method.
DNA was immunoprecipitated and bisulfite-treated. Equal amounts of immunoprecipitated, bisulfite-treated DNA were amplified for the two genes of interest. The gel images achieved indicated a clear enrichment of methylated ntla gene in comparison to un-methylated glutathione S-transferase P1 using 5-methyl cytosine antibody (the primers used and the regions amplified are shown in Additional file 3, Table S1 and the gel electrophoresis image is shown in Additional file 4, Figure S1).
Design of CGI (1.5 kb upstream to 1 kb downstream of TSS) zebrafish tiling array and comprehensive mapping of adult zebrafish liver
Methylation analysis of zebrafish hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison to gene expression
Identified genes with altered methylation in zebrafish HCC.
Gene name
Gene ID
Chr. no
CGI region
A. Hypomethylated Genes
Kruppel-like factor 12b
31117162 - 31117483
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5a
49194032 - 49194791
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2a
49290381 - 49290816
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1b
178184 - 178306
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2A precursor
22745784 - 22746301
Estrogen related receptor delta fragment
48225445 - 48225631
Hypothetical protein LOC550398
51038733 - 51038845
Similar to SH2 domain containing 3C
14303115 - 14303263
PI-kinase-related SMG-1
28544220 - 28544532
Enolase 2
4698036 - 4698168
Hexokinase 1
23684991 - 23685203
Cell cycle, metastasis, adhesion, cell growth, stress
c-Jun protein
14274343 - 14274635
BCL2-associated athanogene 5
17324708 - 17324877
Angiopoietin-like 3
34165085 - 34165237
Angiopoietin-1 receptor precursor
625275 - 625436
Ras homolog gene family, member Ua
25136705 - 25136882
Menage a trois homolog 1
31141636 - 31142019
Serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase
461194 - 461772
DNA binding and regulation of transcription
DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 6
34759411 - 34759539
Leucine zipper protein 2 precursor
35625841 - 35625986
Histone H2A
724191 - 724473
Histone deacetylase 4
46375505 - 46375895
Homeobox protein Hox-B5a
20707021 - 20707754
Pancreas transcription factor 1 subunit alpha
27672474 - 27672641
Hypothetical protein LOC692291
12689887 - 12690054
Metastasis associated 1 family, member 2
17243535 - 17244290
Homeobox protein Hox-B4a
20721064 - 20721722
Lysine-specific demethylase 4A
4575451 - 4575994
RAB11 family interacting protein 4 (class II) a
13380260 - 13380369
B. Hypermethylated Genes
Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein hhex
43558447 - 43558684
Cell-cell adhesion
Hypothetical protein LOC678612
27963202 - 27963305
Novel protocadherin protein fragment
55112983 - 55113251
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 5
38940033 - 38940251
immune system
Novel protein similar to nuclear factor, interleukin 3 regulated
21400978 - 21401243
Novel protein fragment
55112983 - 55113251
C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor
45692130 - 45692420
Angiogenesis and oxidative stress protection
Vascular endothelial zinc finger 1
35492470 - 35493037
Coronin, actin binding protein 2ba
33649014 - 33649398
IPA identified significant networks, top functions and canonical pathways associated with the differentially methylated genes for each comparison analyzed. Significantly over represented (FDR <5%) categories of functions for both hypo- and hyper-methylated genes in zebrafish HCC are shown in Additional file 7, tables S1 and S2.
Comparison of DNA methylation levels with gene expression levels.
Gene name
Chr. no
Expression level
Methylation level
Gene ID
Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (membrane-inserted) alpha
Histidyl-tRNA synthetase
Tubulin, alpha 8 like 4
E2F transcription factor 6
Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
Nucleophosmin 1
Cell division protein kinase 8 (probe 54)
Cell division protein kinase 8 (probes 21, 31)
Hepatoma-derived growth factor-related protein 2
RAB2A, member RAS oncogene family
LIM domain containing preferred translocation partner in lipoma
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5a
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1
Cancer susceptibility candidate gene 3 protein homolog
Hnrpa0l protein
Cyclin T2
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Ret proto-oncogene (probes 16, 19)
Ret proto-oncogene (probes 20, 24)
Integrin-linked kinase (probes 8, 1)
Integrin-linked kinase (probes 6)
Novel protein similar to vertebrate threonyl-tRNA synthetase
Ribonuclease inhibitor 1
Calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit, like
Confirmation of the CGI tiling array data using bisulfite sequencing PCR
Based on the data obtained from the methylation tiling array, six genes from 3 different categories of hypomethylated, hypermethylated and genes showing no significant change between tumor and healthy tissue based on microarray analysis were selected for validation of the array data by bisulfite sequencing PCR (three tumor samples and three control samples). Bisulfite sequencing PCR provided a detailed analysis of the methylation status of individual CpGs within the amplified regions [30]. The glutathione S-transferase P1 CGI, as shown in Additional file 2, Figure S1, is un-methylated in both tumor and control samples. Following treatment with CpG methyltransferase (SssI) in the presence of SAM, it became fully methylated (Additional file 2, Figure S3). This artificially methylated gene was used as a positive control to confirm our semi-quantitative measurements of DNA methylation.
To achieve a global non-biased enrichment of the methylated fragments of genomic DNA, methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) combined with the novel zebrafish CpG island tiling array was used. This method enabled us to perform the first gene-specific large scale analysis and establishment of a comprehensive methylation map at CGIs of the regions 1.5 kb upstream to 1 kb downstream of the TSS in both healthy zebrafish liver and in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Regulation of transcription is a complex procedure. It is partly accomplished by formation of nucleosomes [35] and by modulating the binding of regulatory factors and the transcription complex to transcriptional response elements, both directly and indirectly [1]. Epigenetic mechanisms such as chromatin modifications, RNA interference (RNAi) and DNA methylation are key modulators of transcription through different mechanisms, such as prohibiting transcription factor access to their binding sites and affecting the formation of nucleosomes [12, 35, 36].
The methylation profiles of cancer cells are extensively distorted [11]. Hypomethylation in tumors is associated with transcriptional activation of previously suppressed genes and is a hallmark of tumorigenesis [1, 11], where active genes are un-methylated with hyperacetylated histones [12]. As shown in Table 1A, GO terms associated with DNA binding and transcription regulation were significantly over-represented amongst genes hypomethylated in HCC samples. Genes including histone deacetylase 4, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 6 and lysine-specific demethylase 4A showed significant decreases in their methylation levels in HCC samples in comparison to healthy liver.
Comparison of the normal hepatic gene methylation pattern between human liver, presented by Archer et al [37], and zebrafish liver in this study showed a low correlation (r2 = 0.187) implying lack of conservation of methylation patterns between human and zebrafish. However, our comparisons showed that, in zebrafish and human HCC tumors, similar gene families and genes involved in shared pathways are altered in terms of methylation. For example, zebrafish HCC samples showed methylation changes in genes involved in proliferation, cell cycle, metastasis, apoptosis, energy production, adhesion, stress, DNA binding and regulation of transcription (Table 1A, B and Additional file 6, Tables S2 and S3), similar to the biological processes that contain genes with altered methylation in human HCC [2]. Several other genes from families such as ABCA, CHST, DHX, KCTD, MEGF, MYO, NPY, RNF and TBCID were found to be hypermethylated in both zebrafish and human HCC [38]. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis indicated that the genes with altered methylation in zebrafish hepatocellular carcinoma were associated with biological functions such as cell death, cell morphology, inflammatory response, DNA repair and replication and induced molecules involved in cancer formation such as c-jun, shc and pka. These functions and molecules are commonly altered in human cancers. We have associated changes in methylation of these particular genes with changes in gene expression during tumorigenesis. The changes in methylation levels of these particular genes and pathways could be directly or indirectly linked to their altered expression levels during tumorigenesis.
In our study, GO terms associated with cell proliferation were significantly over-represented in the list of hypomethylated genes in tumors which is particularly relevant since an imbalance between regulation of cellular proliferation pathways and cell death by apoptosis can promote the development of tumors [39]. Anti-apoptotic genes, such as BCL-2, and their regulators, are often over expressed in human tumors [40, 41]. Our results showed a significant decrease in the methylation of a positive regulator of the Bcl-2 protein, bcl-2 associated athanogene 5 (baga5) gene [40]. Changes in anti-apoptotic pathways in zebrafish HCC were concurrent with changes in pathways of proliferation. Insulin like growth factors (IGF) and insulin like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) play important roles in organizing cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation and are commonly deregulated in human tumors [42]. In zebrafish HCC, genes for several insulin growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) such as igfbp2b were significantly hypomethylated. The promoter region of the human IGFBP-2 gene is rich in CpGs and lacks a TATA box [43]. It is therefore plausible that methylation plays an important role in regulating the expression of this gene. Multiple complex IGF-dependent and independent biological functions influenced by the tissue type and pathological status have been identified for IGFBPs [42, 43]. An increased level of IGFBP-2 protein has been reported in liver tissues and serum during human malignancy [42, 43] with a positive correlation to the malignancy status of the tumor [43]. In contrast to its normal role as a negative regulator of growth, increased levels of IGFBPs in tumors have been linked to enhanced proliferation, partly as a response to androgens and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) protein. Thus, anaerobic conditions as well as IGF, can result in increased amount of HIF-1 [44]. A lack of vascular supply at the early stages of tumorigenesis in highly proliferating tumor cells results in hypoxia [44]. Under hypoxic circumstances glycolysis becomes the dominant pathway for energy production in tumors and glycolytic enzymes are induced. Associated with this, the HIF-1 protein, expressed in an anaerobic environment, initiates the transcription of several genes involved in stress and glycolysis as well as IGFBP2[43, 44]. This is in accord with our finding that GO terms related to glycolysis and hypoxia pathways were more prevalent in the list of hypomethylated genes in HCC samples. Glycolytic enzymes such as enolase 2 (ENO2) and hexokinase 2 showed significant decreases in methylation of their genes in HCC samples, indicating a potential increase in expression. Increased expression of enolases such as ENO1 and 2, as a response to hypoxia and HIF-1, has been reported in human HCC [45]. As well as its function in energy production, ENO1 has been associated with enhanced proliferation in HCC [45]. Therefore, based on the functions of genes whose methylation was significantly altered in HCC samples it appears that there is a link between induction of IGF, IGFBPs, HIF, anti-apoptotic and glycolytic pathways [43, 44, 46]. This is similar to findings previously reported on gene expression in human HCC implying that differential methylation is at least partially causative of differential gene expression in HCC.
In this paper we described the development of a zebrafish CGI tiling array and showed that in combination with the MeDIP technique, it can be used to detect and profile the methylation status of specific genes. We used this method to provide a comprehensive profiling of zebrafish liver methylation as well as establishing the methylation changes observed in HCC.
The methylation alterations detected can help to explain some of the changes in gene expression in HCC. There are striking similarities between the pathways disrupted by aberrant gene expression and methylation, both within and between human and zebrafish HCC. Achieving a better understanding of genetic and epigenetic regulation in the zebrafish will increase the confidence regarding the use of zebrafish as a convenient model for human disease.
All chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Poole, Dorset, UK, unless otherwise stated.
Measurement of genome wide DNA methylation by HPLC
An AKTA Explorer 10 with P900 pump, automatic UV detector (Amersham Biosciences), APEX ODS C18 column, 250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size (Waters HPLC Ltd, UK, Phenomenex, UK); and grade column (Phenomenex, UK) were used. Following purification of DNA using Qiagen DNA/RNA purification kit (Qiagen, Ltd, West Sussex, UK), percentage of global DNA methylation was quantified according to the method of Ramsahoye [47].
Experimental procedure and sample preparation
Methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation in combination with a CpG island tiling array was used for profiling methylation patterns in un-treated zebrafish liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples. The chemical treatment procedure and doses used for generating zebrafish tumors are described by Zhan et al [48]. The exposures were carried out at the National University of Singapore and the experimental procedure was approved by its Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Briefly, three-week-old zebrafish fry were treated with 0.75 ppm 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, vehicle control) for 24 h and the treatment was repeated once 2 weeks later for another 24 hours with 1.25 ppm DMBA or DMSO. Treated fish were rinsed three times in fresh water and transferred into new tanks for maintenance. Fish were sampled 6-10 months after DMBA exposure. The tumor samples used for the present study were all larger than 3 mm in diameter. Liver tumors were sampled for histopathological diagnosis (histopathology images of HCC and healthy zebrafish liver are presented in Additional file 10, Figure S1 and histopathology procedures and criteria used for recognizing HCC are explained in detail in a previous publication 23). Briefly, criteria for classification of liver neoplasms were based on nuclear factors described by Goodman et al [49]. In this study, healthy male livers (n = 4) from the vehicle control exposure (n = 4), hepatocellular carcinoma from the DMBA exposure (n = 4, male) and positive and negative controls artificially generated from the vehicle control exposure (detailed below) were used for MeDIP and immunoprecipitated DNA was labeled with fluorescent Cy5-dCTP. A non-immunoprecipitated genomic DNA pool was used as a reference and was labeled with fluorescent Cy3-dCTP.
Design of the 4 × 44 k format CpG island (1.5 kb downstream to 1 kb upstream of TSS) zebrafish tiling array
Probes were designed by Genotypic (Genotypic Technology, Bangalore, India) and were synthesized and printed by Agilent (Agilent technologies, Berkshire, UK). The criteria described by Gardiner-Garden and Frommer [50] for prediction of CpG islands in vertebrates were used to predict CpG islands in zebrafish, with minor modifications. The zebrafish genome sequence was derived from the Ensembl data base (version 56, genome build zv8, genome build date April 2009). For each gene, the region 1.5 kb upstream to 1 kb downstream of predicted transcription start sites (TSS) was found, using the 5' end of each transcript as the putative TSS. Repetitive sequences were masked and the Emboss CpG prediction tool (European Molecular Biology Laboratory-EBI) identified 9,192 genes containing 14,507 CpG islands. From the preliminary list of genes (9,192), 60-mer probes were designed with an average spacing of 25 bp where possible. Due to the requirements for probe specificity, probes could not be constructed for all predicted CGIs. Probes with multiple BLAST hits on the zebrafish genome and with identical 55 bp alignments were removed. Finally, 43,960 probes were designed for 7,903 CGIs in 6,024 genes. Slides were printed containing 45,220 features; 1,227 Agilent control features, 33 blank features and 43,960 probes. The array design was named Agilent Birmingham D.rerio 025794 45220v1 and is available from ArrayExpress under accession A-MEXP-1813. Lists of genes with predicted CGIs and the detailed criteria used for prediction of CGIs are presented in Additional file 5, Table S1. Probes were functionally annotated from the zebrafish genome and additional gene ontology (GO) terms were found using Blast2GO [51].
The "Core Analysis" function included in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) (Ingenuity Systems Inc, USA) [52] was used to aid interpretation of the hypo- and hyper-methylated (fold change > 1.5) genes found by comparison of zebrafish HCC with healthy liver. A Benjamini and Hochberg multiple testing correction was employed to determine significant enrichment of annotation with biological functions and canonical pathways among these gene sets.
Positive and Negative Controls
CpG methyltransferase (New England Biolabs, U.S.A) was used to generate artificially methylated DNA from zebrafish liver genomic DNA using S-adenosyl methionine according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, 10×NEBuffer 2 (2 μl), S-adenosyl methionine (160 μM), genomic DNA (1 μg) and Sss I methylase (40 U/μl; New England Biolabs, U.S.A) were mixed in a total volume of 20 μl. The sample was incubated at 37°C for 4 h followed by incubation at 65°C for 20 min for inactivation of the enzyme.
A negative control for the array was generated by PCR amplification of sonicated zebrafish liver genomic DNA. DNA samples were amplified using GenomePlex Complete Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Poole, Dorset, U.K). PCR amplification removes DNA methylation, resulting in an artificially un-methylated DNA. Positive and negative control samples were purified (Qiagen) prior to use in methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation.
Methyl-DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)
DNA from tumor, control, SAM-treated DNA (positive control) and amplified DNA (negative control) were dissolved in TE buffer (6 μg in 300 μl) and fragmented to 200 bp-1 Kb using a sonicator (SONICS Vibra Cell, 100 watt, 3 × 10 s with 35 s intervals on ice with 20% amplitude). Sizes of the generated fragments were checked on a 1% agarose gel.
Methylated fragments of DNA were separated from the un-methylated fragments using MagMeDIP kit (Diagenode, Belgium) according to the manufacturer's instructions. DNA sample (1 μg) was used in each immunoprecipitation. To avoid amplification bias, five aliquots of each sample were immunoprecipitated and combined. Samples were re-purified by phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol extraction and precipitated with ethanol and glycogen. DNA pellets were air dried and stored at -80°C until subsequent use for labeling.
Sample labeling and hybridization to CGI (1.5 kb downstream to 1 kb upstream of TSS) zebrafish tiling array
The Agilent genomic DNA enzymatic labeling kit (Agilent technologies, Berkshire, UK) and the protocol provided were used for labeling the immunoprecipitated DNA with the fluorophore Cy-5 and zebrafish genomic DNA with the fluorophore Cy-3. The specific activities of the labeled samples were checked using a NanoDrop spectrophotometer. Cy3-labeled genomic DNA samples were pooled. For each hybridization, equal amounts (80 pmol incorporated) of Cy-3 labeled genomic DNA and Cy-5 labeled immunoprecipitated DNA were mixed. Microarray hybridization was performed using an Agilent Oligo aCGH/Chip on chip hybridization kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, the hybridization mixes were loaded onto 4 × 44 K format slides (Agilent Birmingham D.rerio 025794 45220v1) hybridized overnight, washed, stabilized and dried. The dried slides were scanned using an Axon 4000B laser scanner (Molecular Devices, Wokingham, UK).
Statistical analysis
MIAME-compliant raw microarray data were submitted to ArrayExpress at EMBL-EBI and can be found under accession E-MTAB-209. GeneSpring v7.2 (Agilent) was used for analyzing the data. Data flagged as present in at least 4 of the 10 samples were used for analyses. The Cy-5 test signal was divided by the control signal (genomic pool) and each microarray was normalized to the mean of the control group. Data with low raw intensity (less than 25) or standard deviation greater than 1.4 between biological replicates were removed from the analyses. Lists of hypo- and hyper- methylated genes were generated using 1.5 fold change cut-offs and parametric Welch t-tests between tumor and healthy groups (p-value <0.05) on the normalized data.
DNA methylation analysis using bisulfite sequencing PCR
The MethPrimer data base (MethPrimer - Li Lab, UCSF) was used to design BSP primers (primer sequences and annealing temperatures used are listed in Additional file 1, Table S1). An artificially methylated positive control was used for assessing complete conversion of un-methylated cytosine to uracil after treatment with bisulfite and methylation of all CpG dinucleotides. The EZ DNA Methylation kit (Cambridge Biosciences, UK) was used for bisulfite conversion according to manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, for each sample, 500 ng of genomic DNA was bisulfite treated then amplified using Zymo Taq DNA polymerase (Cambridge Biosciences, UK). The PCR products were analyzed via DNA gel electrophoresis followed by sequencing using an ABI3730 DNA analyzer.
This work was funded by Natural Environment Research Council and Biochemical Research Council of Singapore.
Authors' Affiliations
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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text: |Khalid M Saqr Entropy Generation Due to Viscous Dissipation around a Wells Turbine Blade: A Preliminary Numerical Study The present work analyzes, through a rigorous numerical investigation, the entropy generation due to viscous dissipation around a Wells turbine blade. Two-dimensional numerical models for four NACA airfoils were built and validated against experimental measurements under steady flow conditions. The models were used to assess the entropy generation for flows achieving 10 degrees angle of attack. It was found that the entropy generation around the NACA0015 airfoil blade is less by approximately 12% than the entropy generation around NACA0012, NACA0020 and NACA0021 airfoils. Then, the NACA0015 & NACA0021 airfoils were simulated under different flow conditions (i.e. Reynolds number and angle of attack). The results were discussed in the light of Wells turbine performance objectives.


text: If you wish to leave the crowds of the most famous tourist itineraries, you can also opt for alternative tours, to discover hidden natural beauties of our country or to discover the flavours of local products. Wine tour (see map), water buffalo mozzarella. Natural parks Cilento - Grotte Pertosa - Castel Civita, Certosa Padula, Badia di Cava, St. Angelo in Formis, religious centres, secondary archaeological sites (Stabia, Oplontis, Boscoreale) in the area immediately around Pompei. Or in the neighbourhoods of Naples (Cuma, Baia, Pozzuoli). A few km north of Caserta Royal Palace there's Capua with the second largest amphitheatre in Italy. Many other options all over Campania; for further information please contact me.


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Great edibles and best ciao
Running this successful Italian specialty store is a family affair.
By NANCY BAILEY
LIBERTY -- In these days of super-sized grocery stores, Jimmy's Italian Food Specialties resembles the neighborhood corner store of long ago, when the people who worked there knew their customers' names as well as their likes and dislikes.
"That's what we wanted when we started out, a place to sell specialty items that remind people of home," said Irene Occhibove, who owns the Belmont Avenue store along with her husband, Jim.
The Occhiboves emigrated from Italy. He left in 1969, and she in 1970.
Mrs. Occhibove and her family eventually settled in Youngstown's Brier Hill area in 1973. The Occhiboves were married in 1974, and he began working at Valley Mould & amp; Iron Co. in Hubbard.
Wanted own business: "He didn't like working there, and he had this idea that he wanted to open his own business. One day, he came upon this wholesale statuary place near Pittsburgh. He loaded up his car and brought the stuff home," she said.
The young couple turned Mrs. Occhibove's parents' garage on West Federal Street (now Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard) into a store.
"We did the best we could to make the garage a store. We used contact paper for wallpaper," she said with a laugh.
The little store, initially called The Italian Gift Shop, opened in 1975 and sold home decor and religious statues.
"We really started adding to our inventory when my husband found an Italian supplier in New York that sold items like Italian cookware, bowls imported from Italy and Italian music," Mrs. Occhibove said.
Was a baker: When Occhibove first left Italy, he went to Montreal, where he worked as a baker.
"He always wanted to go back to baking, so in 1977, we built a very small building on a very small lot on West Federal near the Division Street bridge and added baked goods to our line," she said.
The store was renamed The Italian Gift Shop and Pastries.
The couple added Capodimonte products to their store. The ornate lamps, vases and chandeliers, along with other Italian-related items, drew customers from all over the area.
"There wasn't anything like this anywhere else at the time, and this reminded Italians of home," Mrs. Occhibove said.
Had to move: She said they moved in 1982 because they needed to be in a high-traffic area to sell their baked goods. They chose a storefront at 3129 Belmont Avenue.
"When we moved, Harold Libby owned this building, and we rented from him. He was very good to us. During our first six months in business, he did not charge us rent so we could get the store up and running."
The couple's four children and Mrs. Occhibove's mother, Josephine Ricciardi, are all involved in the business.
Family involvement: "Our daughter, Marilou, has worked very hard to expand our deli section, and our son, Giuseppe, started our hot foods section, but a little over a year ago, he opened his own business at the other end of the plaza, where he now sells the hot foods," Mrs. Occhibove said.
She added, "Frankie, another one of our sons, loves working with the customers, and Jimmy, our 12-year-old, is working here just like his brothers and sister did when they were young -- in the back cleaning."
Throughout the years, the family increased the size of its store as well as their product line.
"When we first started, we used an oven that held only two trays. Now we have two ovens that are the size of rooms," Mrs. Occhibove said.
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An online social network is much like your actual online community. It is your buddies and you members , work colleagues and acquaintances.
A social network is a way of staying in touch and making new relationships. In actual life you can't see the relationships between individuals. In the internet you can immediately see who knows who, and who your buddies are buddies with.
sharing images with your public network
Once you add your buddies and close relatives to your online community it's very easy to share pictures and videos, deliver messages, post comments, arrange events, chat, make recommendations and play games.
You don't even have to leave your living room area.
Get started with social networks
To get began using public social networking you basically join to one of the websites and create a information for yourself. Social Media Marketing is best way to promote your website and your product on face book, twitter and Google+ easily which will help in promotion of your business.
Here you can enter basic details about yourself and your interests and you can add a photo too. Once you are signed up you can look for for individuals you know and add them as buddies.
Getting began on public social networking sites searching for friends
You basically type in their name, click 'search' and when you find the right person you can deliver them a buddy demand, which they can either accept or reject and you can easily find customers for business in these social networks by updating them about your business .
Other individuals can also look for for your public social networking information and deliver you a buddy demand. But take it easy, if for any reason you do not want to be added to their system, you can basically decrease their demand.


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One School
Our Campus | Cultural Facilities
Our cultural facilities set us apart from many other private high schools. Our campus includes the stunning Bryn Athyn Historic District, which includes our world-class museum and our historic home. Our campus also boasts the state-of-the art Mitchell Performing Arts Center.
Bryn Athyn Cathedral
Dedicated in 1919, Bryn Athyn Cathedral is a highly acclaimed Gothic and Romanesque style complex, with architectural symbolism based on the teachings of the New Church. School-wide worship services are held here on special occasions and students are invited to attend services weekly and special events throughout the year. | Learn more at www.brynathyncathedral.org
Cairnwood Estate
Cairnwood Estate was completed in 1895 and served as the home of John Pitcairn. The Pitcairn family donated the house in 1980 and in 1994 the Academy of the New Church renovated the structure. Today Cairnwood serves as an educational, cultural, and hospitality center for ANC and the surrounding community. | Learn more at www.cairnwood.org
Glencairn Museum
Originally built as a home in the 1930s, Glencairn Museum is our stunning museum of religious art and history. ANC students visit the museum often with for classes, for events, and to be enriched by their remarkable collections. | Learn more at www.glencairnmuseum.org
Mitchell Performing Arts Center
The recently re-constructed Mitchell Performing Arts Center is a state-of-the-art theater that provides ANC with a performance space and a rich learning environment. Classes in performance, technical theater, stagecraft, costume design, dance, and music are held in the beautiful building. | Learn more at www.mitchellcenter.info