text:
Computer aided dispatch system
A computer aided dispatch system is provided for use in a trunked communication system. The system comprises at least a master file node and a plurality of user nodes. The master file node contains a data record for each subscriber on the trunked communication system. Each data record has a plurality of fields that may assume various values. Each dispatcher "attaches" to a particular value of at least one field in any of the data records. The master file node maintains the records for each subscriber and automatically transmits an updated record to each dispatcher attached to the subgroup in which the subscriber operates. In this way, dispatchers are continuously provided the latest subscriber status even though the responsibility for monitoring the status of a particular subscriber unit may dynamically pass from dispatcher to dispatcher.
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This invention relates generally to computer aided dispatch systems and more particularly to a computer aided dispatch system for use in a trunked communications system.
Historically, computer systems comprised "main frame" systems. That is, a "main frame" computer, various interfaces, and user terminals. The term "main frame" means that the computer for the entire system is located or housed in a single box or frame, rather that distributed throughout the system. Accordingly, in the traditional approach, a single computer held responsibility for computational tasks, interface control, driving the monitor on the user terminals, reading the keystrokes of each user keyboard, and maintaining a master data base containing all data files, records, and programs.
In actual use, these system were cost effective only for large operations The main frame computer, being the heart of the system, commanded the major portion of the purchase price, which required small users to buy a more powerful system than was needed. Alternately, the purchase of a "small system" generally resulted in expansion problems when the small user grew to an intermediate size, and was force to purchase yet another computer system. For these reasons, distributed or modular computer systems became the preferred approach in many traditional main frame applications.
In a distributed computer system, the computational power (or intelligence) is distributed throughout the system. To fully exploit the benefits of a distributed system, the fundamental operation of the system must be changed. In addition to distributing the hardware (i.e., computing nodes in place of "dumb" terminals), the data base or software must also be distributed. Thus, each computing node assumes responsibility for maintaining a self-satisfying portion of the entire data base. That is, all data files or records and the operating program required to manipulate and display the data under normal operating conditions reside within the computer node. Normally, the distributed computing nodes are interconnected via some communication network to allow communication of data files or programs between computing nodes. If a computing node requires information supplemental to that of its data base, a request for the required information may be transmitted to the appropriate node via the interconnecting network. In this way, full access to all information is provided in a distributed and readily expandable computer system.
In a basic trunked communication system there exists a high degree of flexibility to partition conversations between different groups so that no one agency or district is aware that another agency or district is using the system. These groups can be subdivided into subgroups, so that only those individuals who need to communicate together on a normal basis are aware when a conversation is in progress. Further, an individual may initiate a private conversation between only two parties without disturbing either the remaining subscribers in the group or subgroup within which that individual normally operates.
A typical example of such a hierarchy may be a group ID assigned to a construction company, and subgroups assigned to management personnel, delivery personnel, and various on-site teams. Of course, each subscribing unit has its own individual ID for individual calls. Thus, all of management personnel may communicate on a subgroup basis without disturbing the other personnel in the construction company. Also, a group-wide call may be made to all individuals associated with the construction company. The same hierarchical analogy can be drawn to the public safety market. For example, the groups could be fire and police departments and the subgroups consisting of individual districts.
The individuals communicating via a trunked communication system are normally referred to as subscriber units. Generally, a subscriber may be a portable unit, mobile unit, or a control station. Typically, a portable unit is designed to be carried on or about the person. A mobile unit is normally designed to be used in vehicles. A control station is usually understood to be a permanent or semi-permanent installation in a building or other fixed location. As used herein, all these communicating units or stations are collectively referred to as subscriber units.
Generally, it is known to use a subscriber's identification (ID) code to effectuate the desired type of communication. Accordingly, each subscriber contains a code plug or a programmable read only memory (PROM) that specifies the group, subgroup, and individual ID's that enable the subscriber to participate in either an individual, subgroup, or group-wide call. If a subscriber unit is programmed to allow communications in more than one subgroup, a selection mechanism, for example, a selection switch, is used by the subscriber to select the particular subgroup in which it desires to operate.
To initiate a call, a subscriber unit transmits a "channel request" inbound signalling word (ISW) to the central controller of the trunked communication system. The central decodes this request and, if a communication channel is available, returns a "channel grant" outbound signalling word (OSW) consisting of the requesting unit's ID code and the identification of the assigned channel. The channel grant causes the requesting subscriber to move to the assigned channel and begin transmitting, while causing the remaining units in the group, subgroup, or an individual (depending upon whether a group, subgroup, or individual call was requested) to move to the assigned channel as listening units. In this way, trunked communication is established.
In particular implementations of trunked communications systems, it is desirable to have one or more dispatchers monitor all calls occurring on the trunked communication system. For example, public safety communications systems are often required by regulatory agencies to provide at least one dispatcher to monitor and control the communication system at all times. Accordingly, some communication systems include a dispatcher console that may initiate or monitor the trunked system. Generally, the dispatcher is given additional powers such as the ability to take over a communication channel during an emergency situation.
In addition to voice messages, predetermined status messages are often used in trunked communication systems to rapidly convey status information of an ordinary nature. For example, "available" or "at scene" may be typical status messages employed by a police or fire department. To transmit these messages, it is known to have a small status panel having numerous activators to automatically send these messages in addition to the identification code of the subscriber reporting status. The dispatcher terminal may illuminate certain indicators to indicate the status of an individual subscriber unit.
However, in a system having a large number of subscribers it often becomes impractical to have the individual status indicators for each subscriber. Moreover, as a subscriber changes groups or subgroups it may be impossible to reconfigure the status indicators to properly inform the dispatcher of the subscribers activities or status. Accordingly, a need exists for an effective status reporting and dispatch system to enable efficient and effective control of the trunked communication system.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved trunked communication system.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a trunked communication system having a computer aided dispatch system.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer aided dispatch system that dynamically distributes status information among available dispatchers.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a unique "attachment" file handling mechanism which readily affords dynamic file allocation.
Accordingly, these and other objects are achieved in the present computer aided dispatch system.
Briefly, according to the invention, a computer aided dispatch system comprises a master file node and a plurality of user nodes. The master file node contains a data record for each subscriber on the trunked communication system. Each data record has a plurality of fields that may assume various values. Each dispatcher "attaches" to any data record containing particular values of at least one field in any of the data records. The master file node maintains the records for each subscriber and automatically transmits an updated record to each dispatcher attached to the subgroup in which the subscriber operates. In this way, dispatchers are continuously provided the latest subscriber status even though the responsibility for monitoring the status of a particular subscriber unit may dynamically pass from dispatcher to dispatcher.
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may be understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the several figures of which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the computer aided dispatch system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the steps executed to initialize the interface and logger node of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the steps executed to initialize the user nodes of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is block diagram of the computer aided dispatch system of the present invention employed in a trunked communication system.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram of the steps executed to update the status of a subscriber unit of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the step executed to communicate a message from a subscriber to an attached dispatcher of FIG. 4.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of the step executed to communicate an alert from an attached dispatcher to a selected subscriber of FIG. 4.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary illustration of the display format of a dispatcher computer terminal of FIG. 4.
FIG. 9 is another exemplary illustration of the display format of a dispatcher computer terminal of FIG. 4.
FIG. 10 is flow diagram of the steps executed to dynamically adapt the computer aided dispatch system of the present invention in response to a subscriber changing subgroups.
Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a block diagram of the computer aided dispatch system 100 of the present invention. The system is comprised of a master file node 102, an optional back-up file node 104, a plurality of user nodes 106, a network manager node 108, and an interface and data logger node 110, which may optionally be backed-up (112). Each of these nodes is interconnected via a local area network (LAN) system 114, which may be any suitable networking system such as the Ethernet system as is known in the art.
The master file node 102 maintains a centralized data base for the dispatch system 100. The data base contains application programs that are "down loaded" to the other nodes for execution. Additionally, the master file node 102 maintains a data record (or file) for each subscriber unit operating on the trunked system (not shown). Each record contains several fields indicating information about the subscriber, and may include such information as the subscribers home group and subgroup identification, the last used group and subgroup (for those subscribers having selection capabilities), the subscriber's current status, and other such information pertinent to a particular implementation. The master file node 102 also maintains an "attachment" file, which is a cross referencing table that links particular user nodes with particular values of data fields within data records, and thus, subscribers. As will become more apparent hereinafter, the "attachment" concept of file management is the heart of the dispatch system 100 of the present invention. The optional back-up file node 104 maintains a duplicate data base in the event of the failure of the master file node 102. Preferably, both the master file node 102 and the back-up file node 104 are IBM AT personal computers, or any of the many functional equivalents. Periodically, the back-up file node 104 interrogates the entire data base of the master file node 102 to confirm that the data bases are identical. Upon confirmation of the identity of the data bases, the optional file node 104 becomes the active file node, and the file node 102 assumes the role of the back-up file node. This alternation of the file node 102 and 104 affords the present invention protection from the late discovery that the back up file node 104 has failed.
The network manager node is a personal computer of the type manufactured by IBM and others that determines the initial attachment of data records to the user nodes 106. The network manager accomplishes this by assigning a "home" group and subgroup to each subscriber, and enters this information in an appropriate data field in each data record. The network manager may then assign particular groups and subgroups to dispatchers, who are automatically provided with updated records of any subscriber operating within a particular group or subgroup. Thus, the "attached" dispatchers assume responsibility for monitoring the status and activity of the assigned subgroups. A subgroup may be assigned to more than one user node and these assignments may be dynamically altered to accommodate varying numbers of dispatchers during peak and off peak system hours.
The interface and logger node 110 (and 112), interface the dispatch system 100 to the trunked communication system (not shown). The interface and logger nodes are responsible for the appropriate routing of ISWs and OSWs to and from the user nodes and the central controller of the trunked communication system. Optionally, the interface and logger node may print a data-log of all communication activity that has transpired over a fixed period. The optional back-up interface 112 is provided in the event of a failure of the primary interface node 110 so that a single point failure will not disable the dispatch system 100 of the present invention.
Each dispatcher operates a user node. Preferably, a user node is an IBM personal computer or its functional equivalent. The screen of the computer is organized to allow the dispatcher to readily investigate the status of any subgroup assigned by the network manager. Additionally, each user has the power to request the addition or deletion of attachment to particular groups or subgroups. As the status of a particular subscriber changes, the master data file 102 automatically provides an update to the attached user or users. In this way, the status of any particular subscriber may be continually monitored by at least one user, and the overall distribution of subscriber responsibility is dynamically alterable to accommodate the current number of dispatchers.
To initialize the system for operation, each user node 106 and the interface logger node 110 executes an initialization sequence prior to becoming operational. Referring now to FIG. 2, the initialization sequence for the interface and logger node 110 is illustrated. First, step 202 sends a power-up signal to the master file node 102. Upon receiving this signal, the master file node transmits, and the interface logger node receives, application software and a configuration file in step 204. The application software is merely the program that the interface and logger node 110 will execute during its normal operation. The configuration file contains parameters that define how communication information will be logged (assuming this option is installed). Typical information contained in the configuration file may define the type of printer employed, or whether the information should be stored on a hard or floppy disk. After receiving the application software, execution begins in step 206. In step 208, the interface logger node 110 receives the attachment file from the master file node 102. Thus, the interface and logger node 110 contains the complete attachment file, which cross references each user node to assigned subgroups via the subgroup value stored in at least one data field of each data record. After receiving this file, the interface logger node 110 begins operation in step 210 and will continue to operate until shut down or a failure occurs.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the initialization sequence 300 for each user node 106 is illustrated. Decision 302 determines whether this is the first powerup for a user node. If decision 302 is answered affirmatively, the routine proceeds to step 304 which sends a power-up signal to the master file node 102. In step 306, the user node receives and executes a menu selection program that enables the dispatcher to select an application program (step 308). The user node receives this application program in step 310 and locally stores it in any convenient storage means such as a hard or floppy disk. Following the reception and storage of the application program, the application program is executed in step 312, after which the user "logs on" in step 314. After an appropriate log on sequence has been verified, the user node receives (step 316) all attached data records that contain the subgroup(s) assigned by the network manager 110. Following this, the dispatcher monitors the subscribers operating in the attached subgroups via the updated data records automatically forwarded by the master file node 102. Assuming, however, that decision 302 determines that the user had previously powered-up, decision 302 transfers control to step 320, which restarts the application program stored during the initial power-up in step 310. Following this, steps 314-318 are executed and the dispatcher monitors the subscriber units via the attached records.
Referring now to FIG. 4, the computer aided dispatch system 400 of the present invention is shown operably connected to a trunked communication system 450. As described in conjunction with FIG. 1, the computer aided dispatch system comprises a master file node 402, a back up file node 404, a plurality of dispatcher (user) nodes 406, a network manager node 408, an interface and logger node 410 and a back-up interface and logger node 412. Each of these nodes are interconnected by a local area network (LAN) system 414 such as the Ethernet system. The interface and logger node 410 (and the back up node 412) are coupled to the central controller 416. The central controller 416 controls a plurality of trunked repeaters 418 and allocates these channels among a plurality of subscriber units. For illustration purposes, consider a simple trunked system having one group and three subgroups (A, B, and C). Accordingly, in a group wide call all subscribers may participate in the communication. For a subgroup call, only those subscribers residing in subgroup A (420), subgroup B (422, or subgroup C (424) may participate. Although illustrated as a single subscriber, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that there may be dozens or hundreds of subscribers in each of the subgroups A, B, and C.
For simplicity of illustration, assume the dispatch system 400 has two dispatchers (1 and 2). The network manager 408 may divide the available subgroups such that dispatcher 1 monitors subgroups A and B, and dispatcher 2 monitors subgroups B and C. Note that more than 1 dispatcher may have responsibility for monitoring a subgroup. This is particularly useful for those large subgroups that may be inappropriate for one dispatcher to handle, or in an emergency situation which demands the attention of several dispatchers.
To illustrate communication to and from the computer aided dispatch system 400, consider as a first example that a subscriber has changed status. Normally, status changes are effectuated by the subscriber momentarily depressing a button or activator, which causes a predetermined message to be transmitted together with his identification code. This data packet is received by the central controller 416, which routes it to the interface and logger node 410. The communication may be logged by the data logger in accordance with the instructions provided in the configuration file. The interface node 410 places the data packet on the LAN 414 and transmits it to the master file node 402. Upon receiving the data packet, the master file node 402 changes the appropriate data field within the record associated with the particular subscriber identified by the identification code. The master file node 402 then peruses the attachment file to identify the user(s) attached to the subgroup within which the subscriber resides. The master file node routes the updated records to the attached users, and the status changes are displayed to the dispatchers. For example, if a subscriber in subgroup A changed status, dispatcher 1 would have his records updated by the master file node. However, if a subscriber in subgroup B changed status, both dispatchers 1 and 2 would receive the updated records since both are attached to subgroup B. A flow diagram illustrating these steps is provided in FIG. 5.
The present invention also contemplates the transmission of predetermined messages from the subscribers to the dispatchers. Typically, messages do not necessarily modify a field within a data record of the master file node. Accordingly, in these cases, the master file node need not be informed since data records are not modified. For this type of communication, a subscriber transmits a message packet together with his ID code to the central controller 416. The central forwards this message and the identification code to the interface and logger node 410 and, if so equipped, the data logger logs the communication on an appropriate data medium. The interface node peruses the attachment file and routes the message to the user(s) attached to the subgroup in which the subscriber resides. Upon receipt, the user node displays the message to the dispatcher. A flow diagram illustrating these steps is provided in FIG. 6.
Communication may also travel from the dispatcher to the subscribers. As an example, consider a "call alert", which informs a subscriber that a dispatcher has attempted to contact him. The call alert feature is typically employed when the subscriber is temporarily out of service and cannot immediately respond to the call. To transmit the call alert, the dispatcher selects the subscriber(s) that he wishes to alert. An alert data packet together with the ID code of the selected subscriber are formatted in the computer terminal of the user node and forwarded to the interface and logger node 410. If the interface node is so equipped, the communication is logged in an appropriate data medium in accordance with the configuration file. The interface and logger node forwards the call alert data packet to the central controller 416, which transmits it via a repeater 418 to the particular subscriber unit. Normally, a subscriber unit responds by illuminating an indicator or sounding an audible signal, or both. A flow diagram illustrating these steps is provided in FIG. 7.
Referring now to FIG. 8, there is shown an exemplary format of a typical user display. The top portions identify the groups and subgroups to which the user node is attached. The bottom portion provides various status conditions, below which acronyms identifying subscriber units may be listed. In FIG. 9, a more particular example is provided for a police department having subgroups partitioned into a Northside District and a Southside District. In the Northside subgroup, this example has N subscribers labelled NS1-NSN. Similarly, the Southside group has a plurality of subscribers identified as SS1-SSM. Also illustrated in FIG. 9 are four possible status conditions: "AVAILABLE", "EN ROUTE", "AT SCENE", and "EMERGENCY". As an example, and not as a limitation, various subscribers are listed in various status conditions. Assuming now that a request for police assistance has been received, a dispatcher may instruct one of the subscribers under the AVAILABLE status to respond. Assuming that subscriber NS2 has been so instructed, subscriber NS2 may change status by activating the EN ROUTE status condition to indicate that he is responding to the call. This status change would be processed as illustrated in FIG. 4 and an updated record would be received by the user node(s) attached to the Northside District. The updated status causes the acronym identifying subscriber NS2 to move from the AVAILABLE status to the EN ROUTE status as illustrated by the arrow in FIG. 9. In a similar manner, when subscriber NS2 arrived at the scene he may activate the AT SCENE status indicator, which would cause the identifier to move from the EN ROUTE status to the bottom of the AT SCENE status category. In this way, the dispatcher is presented with a dynamically varying picture of all subscribers residing in subgroups under his responsibility. This provides an instant indication of the status of any particular subscriber.
As previously mentioned, individual subscribers may change their subgroup affiliation either by a selector switch or under command of the dispatcher. Assuming that a subscriber has selected a different subgroup, the subgroup ID transmitted with the next transmission will be modified. That is, while the group ID and the individual ID will remain the same, the subscriber will transmit a different subgroup ID code. The trunked central controller receives the transmitted information together with the new ID code and forwards it to the interface and logger node 410, which passes the information to the master file node 402. By investigating the individual and subgroup ID table, the master file node may determine that the subscriber's subgroup affiliation has changed. Accordingly, the master file node transmits the corresponding updated data record to the user node(s) responsible for monitoring the selected subgroup. In this way, the subscriber is added to the subgroup of the responsible dispatcher. Also, the master file node instructs the previously attached user node(s) to delete this subscriber from the particular subgroup that formally identified the subscriber. A flow diagram illustrating these steps is provided in FIG. 10. As an example, consider that a subscriber in subgroup A changes his subgroup affiliation to subgroup B. Upon the next transmission, the master file node would forward updated data records to both user nodes 1 and 2. Dispatcher 1 (who monitors subgroups A and B) would observe the acronym identifying the subscriber moving from subgroup A to subgroup B (see FIG. 8). Additionally, dispatcher 2 (which monitors subgroups B and C) would observe the acronym identifying the subscriber appearing in the subgroup B affiliation. To illustrate a different aspect of the attachment data transfer method, consider that a subscriber in subgroup A changes his subgroup affiliation to subgroup C. In this case, the subscriber would disappear entirely from the display of dispatcher 1 and would appear in subgroup C of dispatcher 2, whom assumes full responsibility for monitoring the activities of that particular subscriber.
In addition to individual subscribers moving from dispatcher to dispatcher, attachment to entire subgroups may change either by assignment of the network manager, or by the request of a dispatcher. Each dispatcher may request attachment to additional subgroups, or that subgroups be deleted from his attachment file. Of course, when the dispatchers have the power to delete attachments, a possibility exists that a particular subgroup may not remain attached to any dispatcher. This, of course, is undesirable. Accordingly, the present invention contemplates that should this occur, the master file node will attach the subgroup to all logged on user node(s). If thereafter the network manager makes an assignment of this subgroup, the other user node(s) return to their original attachments, and the assigned dispatcher alone assumes responsibility for monitoring the subgroup.
Accordingly, there has been shown and described a computer aided dispatch system that dynamically and effectively allocates responsibility for monitoring data records based upon "attachment" to a value residing in at least one data field of any data record. The system of the present invention represents a departure from the centralized main frame approach in several ways. First, each user node comprises a self contained computer servicing the dispatcher's requests and providing updated information. Second, dispatcher commands (keystrokes) are not transmitted over the LAN, but rather, locally processed in the user node. Accordingly, the dispatchers enjoy a faster response time that would otherwise be available. Thirdly, each user node is generally self sufficient, and, except for initialization and data base record updates, need never communication over the LAN. This greatly reduces the complexity of the master file node, which comprises the hub of the network. These benefits, and other, are achieved by the present invention through the innovation of the "attachment" approach to file management, which automatically, and effectively allocates data records amongst available dispatchers.
While a particular embodiment of the present invention has been described and shown in the context of a trunked communication system, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention is not limited thereto since many modifications may be made. It is therefore contemplated that covered by the present application any and all such modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the basic underlying principles disclosed and claimed herein.
1. In a trunked communication system having at least one central controller for allocating a limited number of communication channels among a plurality of subscriber units each having an identification (ID) code stored therein and constructed and arranged to communicate information on any of said communication channels, a computer aided dispatch system comprising:
- a local area network;
- master node means coupled to said local area network for maintaining at least a plurality of records corresponding one each to the plurality of subscriber units, each of said records having a plurality of fields at least some of which represent at least a portion of said ID code of a subscriber unit;
- user node means coupled to said local area network for monitoring at least a predetermined subset of said plurality of subscriber units depending upon predetermined ID codes or a portion thereof;
- interface node means for interfacing said central controller to said local area network.
2. The system of claim 1, which includes a back-up node means coupled to said master node means for maintaining at least a copy of said plurality of records.
3. The system of claim 1, which includes a back-up interface node means responsive to said interface node means for providing an alternate interface between said central controller and said local area network.
4. The system of claim 3, which includes recording means responsive to said interface node means for recording communication transactions between said central controller and said interface means.
5. The system of claim 1, which includes recording means responsive to said interface node means for recording communication transactions between said central controller and said interface means.
6. In a trunked communication system having at least one central controller for allocating a limited number of communication channels among a plurality of subscriber units each having an identification (ID) code stored therein and constructed and arranged to communicate information on any of said communication channels, said trunked system also having a computer aided dispatch system comprising at least one master node for maintaining a plurality of records corresponding one each to said plurality of subscriber units, each of said records having a plurality of fields at least some of which represent at least a portion of said ID code of a subscriber unit, and a plurality of user node means for monitoring at least a predetermined subset of said plurality of subscriber units depending upon predetermined ID codes or a portion thereof, a method of managing said records comprising the steps of:
- at a user node:
- (a) transmitting at least one record change to said master node;
- (b) forming at least one modified record based at least in part on said at least one record change;
- (c) distributing copies of said at least one modified record among said several user nodes based at least in part on said at least one predetermined value;
- at each of said several user nodes receiving at least one of said copies;
- (d) forming at least one modified record based at least in part on said at least one of said copies.
7. The method of claim 6 which includes the step of:
- (a') requesting any records having a predetermined value, said requesting step (a') at a user node prior to said user node transmitting step (a).
8. The method of claim 7 which includes the step of:
- (b') transmitting a copy of any records having a predetermined value to said user node, said transmitting step (b') at a master node prior to said master node forming step (b).
Referenced Cited
U.S. Patent Documents
|August 14, 1984
|July 22, 1986
|Herman et al.
|September 9, 1986
|Kubala et al.
|September 30, 1986
|Doster et al.
|November 17, 1987
|Bione et al.
|April 26, 1988
|May 3, 1988
|Goode et al.
|October 4, 1988
Foreign Patent Documents
|September 1984
Patent History
Type: Grant
Filed: Dec 11, 1986
Date of Patent: May 15, 1990
Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Schaumburg, IL)
Inventors: Richard A. Comroe (East Dundee, IL), Richare H. Coe (Arlington Heights, IL), Katherine B. Roane (Glenview, IL), Lewis H. Rosenthal (Buffalo Grove, IL)
Primary Examiner: Benedict V. Safourek
Assistant Examiner: Ralph E. Smith
Attorneys: Wayne J. Egan, Thomas G. Berry
Application Number: 7/940,321
International Classification: H04B 726;


text:
AN investigation has been launched into the deaths of two men in the Black Country.
The bodies were discovered in a flat at Leverton Rise, Oxley, Wolverhampton, at about 2.30pm on Thursday.
The immediate scene remained cordoned off on Friday while detectives and scenes of crime experts continued to conduct a forensic examination.
Police are treating the deaths as unexplained pending a full forensic post mortem examination.
A West Midlands Police spokesman said: "The deceased have yet to be formally identified and, at this early stage in the inquiry, police are keeping an open mind over the precise circumstances surrounding their deaths."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Home > Phone Reviews > Samsung Trance SCH-U490
Editor's rating (1-5):
Discuss this product
What's hot: Good looking slider phone with good audio and a very nice music player.
What's not: No 3G EVDO or music download over the air. Can't record video.
Reviewed May 21, 2009 by Tong Zhang, Senior Editor
The Samsung Trance is the latest music phone from Verizon Wireless with enhanced audio courtesy of Bang & Olufsen's ICEpower amp. The slider phone has ample internal memory and a built-in music player that can play mp3, non-copy-protected iTunes music and Windows Media format music. Like the popular LG Chocolate 3, the Samsung Trance has touch sensitive front buttons with haptic vibration. The phone also has a built-in GPS, a 1.3 megapixel camera, Bluetooth with A2DP and a standard 3.5mm stereo audio jack, all packaged into a stylish slider that's available in Piano Black and Electric Red.
But multimedia fans who are looking to upgrade from your LG Chocolate phones should know that the Samsung Trance doesn't support EVDO 3G. It does work with the V CAST Music with Rhapsody, but you will need to download the music to a PC and then transfer the tracks to your phone. Other multimedia services such as the V CAST Video are not available on the Samsung Trance since it lacks EVDO.
The Verizon feature phone collection is dominated by flip phones. For those who want a slider phone, the Samsung Trance is appealing. The phone has a sporty form and curves that make it comfortable in hand, though the surface is slippery. The phone has a 2.1" display and the touch sensitive d-pad, shoulder keys, music launcher and back key live below the display. They disappear into the shiny piano black surface when the phone is asleep, and light up when you activate the controls. You can turn haptic vibration on or off and set different vibration levels. The call send and end buttons live on the slide-out number pad.
Unlike the Samsung Sway, another slider phone from Verizon, the Samsung Trance isn't particularly thin. Measuring 4.0 x 1.97 x 0.55 inches, the Samsung Trance has plenty of room for side buttons. You will find the microSD card slot, key lock, volume rocker and the phone charm holes on the left side; and the Samsung blade-style charging/syncing port, speakerphone key and a standard 3.5mm headphone jack on the right side of the phone. The powerful speaker lives on the back of the phone and the 1.3 megapixel camera reveals itself when you slide open the phone.
Phone Features and Reception
The Samsung Trance gets a meager signal though surprisingly it has not dropped a call even with only 1 bar of signal. The audio is excellent on the incoming end and very good on the outgoing. The Samsung has comprehensive voice command software for not only voice dialing but also searching contacts for email addresses, phone numbers, etc., launching applications, playing all music tracks, checking the phone's various status and more. The voice recognition was accurate without any voice training in our tests, but the software does offer an option to train it to better adapt to your voice. Voice command can also do some menu and text message readouts, the voice is digitized rather than natural, but it's completely clear and very easy to understand. The Samsung Trance has a contacts database that can store up to 1,000 entries and each contact can have 5 numbers, 2 email addresses, street address, picture ID, ringtone and more. The phone also offers 1-touch, 2-touch and 3-touch speed dialing.
The Samsung Trance is a V CAST Music phone in the sense that it can play V CAST music tracks, but you can't download the music over the air directly to the phone since it lacks EVDO. You'll need to subscribe to V CAST Music with Rhapsody on a Windows PC (sorry, no Mac version is available) and download your tunes to the PC, then put them on a microSD card or use the included USB cable to sync music to the phone. What if you want to listen to non-V Cast music? No problem, the Samsung Trance can work with many popular music formats including .mp3, .wma, unprotected .aac and .aac+ files.
The music sounds full and loud thanks to Bang & Olufsen's ICEpower technology. We do like this partnership and hope to see more phones with this technology. The Samsung has a standard 3.5mm stereo headphone jack, though no headset is included in the package. The audio quality is excellent through a good wired headset with a lot of depth and bass power. We heard a low buzzing sound with certain headsets in our tests. The sound was great via Bluetooth stereo headsets.
GPS and VZ Navigator
The Samsung Trance has built-in aGPS that works well with the VZ Navigator even over the Trance's slower 1xRTT data connection. The integrated GPS gets a good signal and accurate position fixes. The navigation is reasonably fast but the maps take some time to download since there's no EVDO. The turn-by-turn directions seem on target and the voice guidance sounds loud on the Samsung. Be aware, if you start navigation with the Samsung Trance's slider open, when you close the slider the sound will transfer to the earpiece from the speakerphone even if you're in the middle of navigation. But if you start the navigation with the slider closed, the voice guidance will stay on the speakerphone.
VZ Navigator offers local search, traffic information as well as sharing locations and directions with family members who have that Verizon service. For parents who value Verizon's Chaperone child locator services, the Samsung Trance works well with that service.
The Samsung Trance doesn't have an impressive camera. The built-in 1.3 megapixel camera can take only still images but does provide options for image resolutions, picture quality, brightness and effects settings, night mode, multishot and self timer. The photos taken with the Trance look good by 1.3 MP camera phone standards with balanced colors and sharp images (there's some over-sharpening). Some images look a bit dark but colors look natural nonetheless.
Battery Life
The Samsung Trance has a small standard battery that's 880 mAh in capacity. In our battery tests, accessing V CAST multimedia services via EV-DO is usually the biggest battery-draining task. Since the Samsung Trance has only 1xRTT connectivity the battery, though small, has good runtimes. The claimed talk time is 4.5 hours which seems on target and the battery can last many hours for music playback. The phone also has good standby time and can easily go for a week with very light use.
If you're looking for a phone with a pretty face and a beautiful voice, the Samsung Trance fits the bill quite well. In addition you also get the built-in GPS that works with VZ Navigator and Chaperone, a roomy 1GB of internal memory, a microSD card slot and a camera. Music download isn't the most convenient compared to the LG Chocolate 3, but it doesn't affect those who load their own music instead of buying tracks over the air. The lack of EV-DO means you won't get Verizon's multimedia offerings such as V CAST video or a fast Internet connection with a full browser, but it also means lower monthly cost.
Pro: Sporty, shiny looking phone. Good screen and excellent audio. Large internal memory and the music player can play tracks in a good selection of formats.
Con: No 3G EVDO and no over-the-air music download. Camera can't record video.
Price: $49.99 with 2-year contract after mail-in rebate and discount.
Web sites: www.samsungmobileusa.com, www.verizonwireless.com
Display: 2.1" 262K color TFT screen. Resolution: 176 x 220 pixels.
Battery: Lithium Ion rechargeable battery, 880 mAh, user replaceable. Claimed talk time: up to 4.5 hours. Claimed standby time: up to 12 days.
Performance: 1GB internal memory. Phone book can store 1000 entries.
Size: 4.0 x 1.97 x 0.55 inches. Weight: 3.53 oz.
Phone: CDMA digital dual band, 800/1900 MHz. 1x for data. No EV-DO 3G.
Camera: 1.3 megapixel with digital zoom. Supports multi-shot and night-shot features. Still image resolutions: 1280 x 960, 1024 x 768, 640 x 480, 320 x 240, 160 x 120 and 128 x 96 pixels. Doesn't record video.
Audio: Sound technology by Bang & Olufsen ICEpower. MP3 player onboard to play music in MIDI, MP3, AAC, AAC+ and WMA formats. 3.5 mm stereo audio jack. Supports vibration alert.
Networking: Bluetooth v2.0. Supported profiles: headset, hands-free, stereo, basic imaging, Object Push for vCard and vCal, serial port and phonebook access. USB 2.0.
Software: Verizon flash-based UI with ERI personalized banner support. WAP browser and Web-based email and chat on board. PIM tools include contacts, calendar, notepad, calculator with converter, world clock, alarm clock and stopwatch.
Expansion: 1 microSD card slot. Supports SDHC cards.
In the Box: The Samsung Trance phone with standard battery, wall/USB charger, USB cable and printed manual and guide.
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TO REREAD ''THE Bonfire of the Vanities,'' Tom Wolfe's glittering portrait of 1980's New York, is to notice that something has changed since its publication nine years ago. In many ways, the book remains a brilliant description of urban America. In the depictions of white guilt, black rage and the life styles of rich New Yorkers, there isn't much any visitor to our planet would fail to recognize. What rings false in 1996 is the character of Sherman McCoy, the Wall Street bond salesman at the center of the novel. The Big-Time Financier today has about as much resonance as the yippie; he has become a social archetype from the distant past.
What's strange about this is that the people on whom Wolfe modeled his character are still alive and making more money than ever. Bond salesmen still exist. For that matter, the environment that made Sherman possible still exists, too: the big Wall Street firms are doing even better than they did in the 1980's. In the past couple of years, Morgan Stanley and Goldman, Sachs and Bear Stearns have all posted record profits. And yet the characters inside these places hold none of the public interest that they did just a few years ago. Why?
ONE EXPLANATION IS THAT WALL Streeters changed their behavior in response to public outrage. They read the books, saw the movies, studied the lawsuits and decided on balance that it paid them to clean up their acts and pretend to be modest like everyone else. The trouble with this theory is that the average bond salesman admired Sherman McCoy. By the end of the 1980's, it was not unusual to see a bond salesman celebrate the sale of a block of $100 million mortgage bonds by standing on top of his desk, beating his chest and hollering, ''I am a Master of the Universe!'' To the bond salesman (I know because I was one), Sherman was proof that his tedious occupation was in fact exciting. It didn't matter what he actually did for a living. Everyone was talking about him.
In short, the death of Sherman McCoy was not caused by some kind of moral reawakening on Wall Street; Sherman was killed off by forces larger than himself. To wit:
CHEAP IMITATIONS. By the end of the 80's, every airport cocktail lounge looked like the inside of a major investment bank; no traveling salesman, it seemed, left home without his red suspenders, gold Rolex and hair gel. Understandably, the response of the financiers was to flee their own image. You could see this happening even five years ago, when hedge funds briefly became the rage. Each time some big-time trader quit his job at an investment bank and moved to a hedge fund, he stopped en route for a makeover. The very same people who seemed unable to function without cigars, suspenders and thousand-dollar suits were suddenly turning up for work in sneakers. It was a nice illustration of a general rule: there are few status symbols or life styles that can't be widely imitated in ways that embarrass the original standard-bearers.
ABSENCE OF CRIMINAL GLAMOUR. Part of what made Sherman sexy was his proximity to crime -- or at any rate what seemed to ordinary people like crime: hostile takeovers, insider trading, sleazy bond deals. Much of this activity has ceased, less out of some collective change of heart than out of a change in prices. Wall Street people no longer buy and dismantle large public corporations, because the prices of these corporations -- as reflected by high stock prices -- have risen exorbitantly. The role of Chief Business Villain is now played not by the financier but by the C.E.O., who pays himself millions while laying off his workers.
THE REBIRTH OF THE LITTLE GUY. The real money is once again in the democratic stock market rather than the royalist bond market. And the stock market is in some ways more democratic than ever, despite the apparent trend away from the individual investor and toward the mammoth institution. The most important mammoth institutions -- mutual funds -- are actually collections of small investors who retain day-to-day control over their money. Thus the most remarkable event in finance over the past six months was the mini-collapse triggered by the self-employed stock market guru Elaine Garzarelli. CNBC reported that Garzarelli was predicting a rout (having predicted a rise just a week earlier). To Wall Street types, her analysis was risible. But a lot of little investors for whom Garzarelli has become a cult figure -- mostly because she accurately predicted the crash of 1987 -- called their mutual funds and sold.
THE FALLING STATUS OF MAKING MONEY FROM MONEY. Social attitudes toward Sherman McCoy's occupation have come full circle. WASP culture long disdained money lending as a way of making money. Then, briefly, the activity became fashionable, even among white-shoe firms. Now it belongs forever to the socially undifferentiated mass of services provided by people not bright enough to be movie stars. To see why, all you have to do is open the C section of The Wall Street Journal. Along with stock prices, futures prices and the like, there are now three pages or so of highly detailed mutual-fund listings. The number of fund managers has skyrocketed; the skill has become ordinary.Continue reading the main story
That is Sherman's biggest problem at the moment: he's doing well for himself. But a lot of ordinary people are doing better at much the same game. And we all know it.Continue reading the main story


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Want to make your day a little bit brighter? Well there is no better way then by wearing a pair of one of the original novelty socks, Happy Socks! This high quality, uniquely designed brand of novelty socks will match any occasion, style, or personality so get happy with a pair of Happy Socks! Grab a pair of Blue and Orange Stripe Socks by Happy Socks today!
Find out more about why these are Game Changer socks


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A&D Presidential Cleaning LLC
Why Choose Us
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Your Satisfaction is our #1 Priority
If you're looking for professional, high quality and personal service; you've come to the right place. At A&D Presidential Cleaning we'll give you the attention and personal service you need.
A&D Presidential Cleaning is a locally owned family based business. We are dedicated to providing quality service and making sure all your needs are met. We are licensed and insured. We offer competitive rates, with no hidden fees.
Our Services
Contact us today for a free estimate!
We provide the following services:
• Commercial
• Residential
• Carpet Cleaning
• Floor Cleaning
• Floor Waxing
• Floor Buffing
• Window Cleaning (1st Floor)
• Post-Construction
• Move In and Move out
• Foreclosure Clean Up
• Pre and Post Events
We provide services for the following institution
Office Buildings, Educational Institution, Healthcare Facilities, Financial Institution, Place of Worship, Day Care, Homes, Restaurant, Factories,Retail Establishments,Government Buildings, Warehouse, Apartment Buildings, Condos, Medical facility, Auto Dealership.
Call for a free estimate


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Flexible Case Management Software
- Case Management
- Case Management Tools
- Adding Cases
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World's most customizable process driven case management software
i-Sight case management software delivers robust functionality, easy integration and the best user experience available. The hosted software can be deployed in under one month and can be customized to precisely match your business needs.
i-Sight Case Management Software Advantages:
Customizable: Can't find a solution that fits? i-Sight can be customized to suit your exact requirements.
Affordable: A proven, enterprise-class solution at an affordable price.
Great Support: Our clients benefit from exceptional customer service long after the implementation is over.
Our customers include leading organizations such as BMW, Mitsubishi, Seimens, and the Workers Compensation Board of West Virginia. Each of these organizations has unique needs – but each chose i-Sight case management software to improve their ability to manage cases related to complaints, quality, compliance and risk.
i-Sight Case Management Software makes it easy to:
- Manage large numbers of case types and investigations
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i-Sight case management software lets you track the status and progress of compliance issues and investigations, HR issues, claims management and other processes that require case management. With i-Sight, you and your staff will be better equipped to collaborate on cases and maintain complete case histories with instant access to all related information.
For more information, please call us or join a live case management software demo


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Ethiopian born Nollywood actress Maureen Cyril had special moments with Orphans and vulnerable kids during the Children's day celebration. The pretty light skinned philanthropist spent a day at the Rachael's Home for Orphans as the less privileged craved to be like her as their role model when they grow up.
The children's day charity visit was spearheaded by GoodGirl Group. Maureen Cyril who is the CEO shared food items, souvenirs and donated cash at the Rachael's Home For Orphans at the Kurudu village in Abuja. She played with them and also gave them some advice on her to be focussed, prayerful and hardworking as atlot of them have bigger prospects in future.
It would be recalled that the fashion conscious actress championed the Street love show as the messenger of the group during the recent Valentines day in Lagos. The heart warming and passionate project was tagged " ROWL- meaning " Reach Out With Love"


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2018 Fellows Announcement
NASA has selected 24 new Fellows for its prestigious NASA Hubble Fellowship Program (NHFP). The program enables outstanding postdoctoral scientists to pursue independent research in any area of NASA Astrophysics, using theory, observation, experimentation, or instrument development. Each fellowship provides the awardee up to three years of support. The newly selected NHFP Fellows will begin their programs in the fall of 2018 at a host university or research center of their choosing in the United States.


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All I Think About
- Artist: Antony Field
- Format: CD
- Release Date: 11/2/2004
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Antony Field is one of the most promising singer/songwriters ever to emerge on the West Coast. Audiences at LA's Jazz Bakery, the historic Biltmore Hotel, Hotel Angeleno's West Lounge and the Mandalay Bay Hotel in Las Vegas, have welcomed him with open arms. A student of the Great American Songbook and the legendary singers' who made it famous, Antony's inspiration by music from all genres have helped define his sophisticated crooning and unique style of writing. His first album, All I Think About, set the music business buzzing. One of his original works, A Kiss from You, made the final cuts in both the John Lennon II Songwriting Competition and VH1's Song of the Year Competition. Coinciding with the release of his album, Antony was also hired to write two original songs for Michael Bublé and the film Totally Blonde. With new projects underway, and television and music credits developing such as NBC.com's Star Tomorrow, and being selected as one of a few artists to be showcased on Glen Ballard's Aerowave.com, it's only a matter of time before Antony Field breaks through to the national stage.


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The SMART About Water Program Comes to an End
In 2008, the National Environmental Services Center (NESC) launched Smart About Water, a project in partnership with the Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP) designed to assist small communities in their efforts to protect drinking water quality. Funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the project helped develop and provide training and technical assistance about source water and wellhead protection, and focused on untreated wastewater from failing septic and sewer systems, the largest contributor to water quality degradation. Read more to find out how you can help this program continue.
About the Program
SMART About Water Helps America's Small Communities Protect Their Source Water
"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure," Benjamin Franklin famously stated more than 250 years ago. This simple philosophy informs a new environmental project—SMART About Water—designed to protect drinking water quality.
Funded by a $3 million grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), SMART About Water is being orchestrated by West Virginia University's National Environmental Services Center (NESC) in partnership with the Rural Community Assistance Partnership (RCAP). The program is called SMART About Water, for Strategic Management and Available Resources and Technology. It is required to provide training and technical assistance about source water and wellhead protection planning to small and rural communities over the next 18 months and will focus on untreated wastewater from failing septic and sewer systems, the largest contributor to water quality degradation.
According to EPA, communities derive several important benefits when they protect their source water:
- . If source water is contaminated it threatens public health.
- . The better the water is when it reaches the treatment plant, the easier and cheaper it is to treat.
- . The cost of dealing with contaminated groundwater ranges from 30 to more than 200 times the cost of wellhead protection.
- . Clean water and healthy ecosystems are vital in terms of quality of life for both humans and animals.
Although water quality has improved in the three decades since passage of the Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts, pollution problems linger. Previous efforts concentrated on reducing point-source pollution, such as from industrial sites. Water quality issues now are related to the cumulative effect of nonpoint source pollution—untreated wastewater, agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, stormwater runoff, and roadway pollutants—that impact the physical, chemical, and biological health of nearby waters.


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Annual Event to Showcase Latest in Global Travel Trends January 27-29, 2017
NEW YORK, Sept. 13, 2016—The New York Times today announced that registration is open for the 2017 New York Times Travel Show, the largest and longest-running trade and consumer travel show in North America. The event will take place from Friday, Jan. 27 to Sunday, Jan. 29, 2017 at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. Tickets are available at NYTimes.com/TravelShow.
"Welcome to the World" is the theme for this year's Travel Show, where industry experts and travel enthusiasts come together to share the latest travel news, trends and inspiration for the year ahead. The Travel Show features more than 525 exhibitors from around the world and is expected to draw more than 30,000 attendees.
Highlights of the 2017 New York Times Travel Show
Travel for the Mind, Body and Soul - For a second year, the 2017 Travel Show will feature a Wellness Travel Pavilion, including a Best Life Stage, Get Fit Zone, and various booths. Each day, the pavilion will host and showcase leading experts in the wellness travel industry, including hotels, resorts, spas and other organizations.
Family First - New for 2017 is The Family Travel Pavilion featuring exhibit booth space, a Presentation stage and a kids demonstration area. The pavilion will showcase leading players in the Family travel space, including lodges, resorts, destinations, cruise lines and dude ranches. The New York Times Travel Show is proud to announce the Family Travel Association is an Industry Sponsor of the inaugural Family Travel Pavilion at the 2017 Show.
Trade Day - The first day of the Travel Show on Friday, Jan. 27 is reserved exclusively for travel industry professionals and members of the media. The day will include expert seminars, which will inform travel professionals of the latest industry products and services, destination information and consumer trends.
New Seminars - Saturday, Jan. 28, and Sunday, Jan. 29 will be open to all attendees and feature various cultural presentations and performances, food demonstrations, and one-on-one conversations with travel experts and influencers on topics such as global travel tips for women and LGBT travel. The 2017 show will also feature new seminar topics such as Travel Destinations and Tips for the Active Aging Traveler, The Sharing Economy: Exchanging, Swapping & Rentals and Beyond the Selfie: Creating Ethical Travel in Today's World among many others.
Featured speakers will include:
Follow the Travel Show on Facebook and Twitter for programming and speaker updates at Facebook.com/NYTTravelShow and @NYTTravelShow.
For exhibition and speaking opportunities at the New York Times Travel Show, email email@example.com. For sponsorship opportunities, email email@example.com.
2017 New York Times Travel Show Sponsors
South African Tourism, supporter of the Travel Show since 2008, is a gold sponsor of The New York Times Travel Show. MSC Cruises is a silver sponsor of the Travel Show.
Industry Sponsors include: Adventure Cycling Association, Adventure Travel Trade Association, Africa Travel Association, American Society of Travel Agents, Association for the Promotion of Tourism to Africa, Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association, Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association Education Foundation, Caribbean Tourism Organization, Cruise Lines International Association, Cruise Planners: An American Express Company, Destination Wedding & Honeymoon Specialists Association, Family Travel Association, International Gay & Lesbian Travel Association, Millennials in Travel, National Association of Railroad Passengers, New York State Tourism (I Love New York), Pacific Asia Travel Association, Professional Travel Bloggers Association, Society of American Travel Writers, United States Tour Operators Association and Well-Being Travel.
Go Nomad, Healthy Aging Magazine, ManAboutWorld, Off Metro, Passport, travAlliancemedia, Travel to Wellness, Travel Market Report, Wander Magazine and WVVH-TV serve as media sponsors.
2016 Travel Show Highlights
In 2016, the Travel Show welcomed 110 new exhibitors, which featured more than 525 exhibitors from around the world. The 2016 show saw the highest attendance in nine years, with over 29,000 attendees. More than 900 members of the media attended the 2016 Travel Show, gaining insights from the Travel Show's exclusive Trade Day seminars and Focus Conferences, as well as experiencing the two days of consumer events that featured nearly 275 travel industry speakers and experts. Video highlights from the 2016 Travel Show, which took place this past January can be viewed here.
Special Note to Media: Travel writers and journalists may apply for Travel Show media credentials here. Credentials grant complimentary access to the Trade Day and both consumer days. Members of the media are invited to attend the Trade Day to meet with travel industry professionals and attend press conferences throughout the day.
About The New York Times Travel Show (www.NYTimes.com/TravelShow)
The Travel Show is the largest and longest-running trade and consumer travel show in North America, featuring the Travel Industry Conference, Consumer Seminars, and an interactive Exhibition including more than 500 exhibitors from Africa, Asia, Australia/South Pacific, Canada, the Caribbean, Europe, Latin America, Mexico and the United States. In addition to discounts and special offers, the show provides educational seminars and live entertainment for families, individuals, couples and seniors. Join the conversation and follow @NYTTravelShow for the latest Travel Show news.
About The New York Times Company
The New York Times Company (NYSE:NYT) is a global media organization dedicated to enhancing society by creating, collecting and distributing high-quality news and information. The company includes The New York Times, International New York Times, NYTimes.com, INYT.com and related properties. It is known globally for excellence in its journalism, and innovation in its print and digital storytelling and its business model. Follow news about the company at @NYTimesComm.
NYT: Adenike Olanrewaju, 212-556-1539, email@example.com
This portion of our website contains archival information. Archived information contained or referenced herein should not be considered current and may no longer be accurate.
Forward-Looking Statements


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"My patients kept asking me to recommend a healthy biscuit. Unable to do so, I decided to develop my own range. Two years in the making, Skinnybik cookies have a better energy and nutritional profile than many plain sweet biscuits due to their wholesome ingredients. Even though they are not super low in calories (despite my efforts!) you can't eat too many because they are so filling due to the fibre and chewy texture - so truly skinny. I have sold thousands to my patients and have successfully included them in their weight loss plans.
Enjoy with less guilt".
Dr Kouris' books
Download Books Order Form Here >


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Our Academy is a happy, caring and vibrant community which offers a stimulating learning environment. By developing potential, drive and self-esteem we help everyone to become a unique, responsible, respectful, motivated and successful individual.
The Academy caters for boys and girls from the age of three to eleven years. It is well equipped, having its own Nursery, library, 2 halls, kitchens and extensive outdoor areas.
We aim to give every child the very best start to their education through lively and engaging teaching using an exciting, broad and balanced curriculum.
We want our children to enjoy a wide range of experiences which bring the curriculum to life and make learning active, meaningful and relevant. All our staff work hard to ensure the best possible quality of education for the children in every class.
Our website aims to give you a taster of what we do at Tree Tops, along with a range of information, including ways to support your child's learning at home.
Please do not hesitate to contact the school if you require further information.
Miss Denise White
"The pupil premium funding and sports premium funding are used to good effect." Ofsted 2017
"Pupils who have special educational needs and/or disabilities are supported well and make good progress." Ofsted 2017
"Safeguarding is effective. Systems to keep pupils safe are robust" Ofsted 2017
"The curriculum provides good opportunities for pupils to learn across a range of subjects. British values are promoted effectively." Ofsted 2017
"Good teaching in Year 5 and Year 6 ensures that most pupils catch up and make expected progress in a range of subjects by the end of key stage 2." Ofsted 2017
"Pupils' personal development, behaviour and welfare are good. Pupils behave well and have good manners. They demonstrate a strong understanding of tolerance and respect." Ofsted 2017
"Leaders, governors and the trust have a strong understanding of the school's effectiveness. Their recent actions are ensuring that the school is improving quickly." Ofsted 2017
"Pupils speak highly about the quality of education they receive. They are very loyal to the Academy, each other and the staff. They appreciate the support they receive to do their best. Pupils' conduct around the Academy and in class is excellent."
"Teachers provide highly detailed and effective feedback on a regular basis so that pupils know what they need to do to improve. Pupils regularly respond to marking to ensure they improve upon their understanding. Pupils are now given more opportunities to complete their work fluently and at greater length. Good progress is strongly evident across the books surveyed."
"Books are well presented and demonstrate that pupils take pride in their work. They contain a varied number of tasks and activities for pupils."
"Systems to keep pupils safe are rigorous. They feel safer because behaviour has improved and there are good opportunities to learn how to keep themselves safe in different situations."
"As a result of the senior leaders' determination and attention to detail, the quality of education has improved, aspirations have been raised and staff morale is high."


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The ferry ride to Tioman Island – the first and last part of the journey – were rather choppy. Take the ferry either from Tanjong Gemok or Mersing. We took the one from Tanjong Gemok.
The currents were rather strong and the ferry rocked quite a bit. For those feeling seasick, plastic bags were there to the rescue. May be good for those incline to seasickness to take the anti-nausea pill before heading out. Once we were out of the straits and into the wide South China Sea, the lulling action induced sleepiness. Yawn.
There were several jetty stops, depending on the accommodation. We stayed at Paya Beach Resort and arrived at the jetty around 12.30pm.
Time for relaxation : sun, sand and sea vacation.


text: The core offering is a two year program leading to a MPH. The Health Policy and Management (HPM) Program seeks to train health management and policy leaders in health care delivery, managed care, insurance, consulting, biotechnology, medical devices and pharmaceuticals. HPM also offers a one year option for M.D.'s and current medical students and a doctoral program in Health Services and Policy Analysis leading to a Ph.D.


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"The Spolit Generation" a new book about families written by Dr Aric Sigman, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Medicine and an Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society, includes a chapter entitled "Delegated Parenting". Here are some quotes: (more…)
Archive for October, 2009
Delegated ParentingOctober 26, 2009
Unorthodox but appealingOctober 19, 2009
Why is stay-at-home motherhood portrayed as a vocation of last resort?
Click here for more from this US site.
'Women wreck their careers by taking a year's maternity leave'October 17, 2009
The Evening Standard reports:
Women are wrecking their chances of making it to the top by taking their full 12 months maternity leave, a high-flying female financier has warned.
Click here for more.
Prolonged absence from any job – and for any reason – harms careers: that's just common sense. Long maternity (and paternity) leave causes difficulties for the takers themselves, other employees and the business. Of course, having a parent devoted long-term to bringing up his or her own children has its own advantages.
FTM AGM – London, November 6thOctober 13, 2009
We are delighted that Sue Palmer, author of Toxic Childhood and 21st Century Boys (see review in current Newsletter) has accepted our invitation to come and speak. The title of her talk is "DETOXING CHILDHOOD – What Parents Can Do". Click here for more.
Childcare swaps 'outside rules'October 13, 2009
Inspectors should not interfere in private arrangements between friends looking after each other's children, says Children's Secretary Ed Balls. Click here for more.
It was astonishing that anyone ever thought otherwise. Mr Balls says that where there is no payment involved there need be no regulation. But that admits the law is poorly drafted – it can't be changed by a politician making a ruling on the spur of the moment. We aren't in a banana republic, Mr Balls.
Hang on a minute: even if payment were involved, why is regulation necessary? How about if you paid a long-standing family friend, whom you trusted, whose style of parenting was in line with your own and the arrangement was mutually beneficial? How on earth is that any of the government's business?
What women REALLY want: Forget the working Superwoman ideal, mothers value spending time at home with their children most of allOctober 9, 2009
The Daily Mail (now, now, don't shoot the messenger) suggests that, according to a new report, "Women do not want highpowered careers and find more fulfilment in motherhood than work" .
Of course, high-powered careers are available to only a few of us, men or women.
Click here for the full story. Click here for the BBC's take on it.
The Sexual Paradox: Men, Women and the Real Gender GapOctober 5, 2009
This new book apparently, "… turns several assumptions upside down: that the sexes are biologically equivalent, that smarts are all it takes to succeed and that men and women have identical interests and goals."
Why did we ever believe otherwise?


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1. You will be a happier person
Love yourself and you will be very happy and satisfied with the life that you are leading.
2. Your personal equations with others will become better
You might be going through a personal turmoil in life. If you start loving yourself, you will develop trust and compassion for others and thus will become a better person
3. You will become a better person
Personality growth is a lifelong process. It is only when you start loving yourself that you will pay attention towards your personality development and will thus become a better person.
4. You will pursue your hidden passions
Loving yourself eventually means that you will start devoting time for activities and things that you would have liked to pursue.
5. You become a better friend
It is only when you start loving yourself that you will develop better relations with others and will be in a position to get better out of complicated relations in life.
6. You understand the worth of relations better
It is only when you start loving yourself that you will understand the worth of relations in a better manner. You will eventually start loving others and understand things in a better way.


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Pledge to Wear Black on Fridays to End Abortion in America
March 25, 2012 at 11:29 am Leave a comment
AbortionBlackout.com is turning into a movement in the United States. Their short video (click below to view) explains simple statistics regarding abortions. It's heartbreaking to realize how many children we've lost to abortion just in the last 30+ years.
Even if you feel you can't participate in the Abortion Blackout each Friday, please pray for the children lost to abortion, their mothers and fathers who are probably suffering, and the healthcare professionals that they may have a change of heart.
Thank you Father Daren for bringing this movement to my attention. Feel free to reblog, share on Facebook, Pin It, Tweet about it, just spread the news about the Abortion Blackout.
Entry filed under: Faith, Kids. Tags: abortion, children, Christianity, Current Events, faith, faith in god, human-rights, Jesus, kids, life, parenting, politics, prayer, religion, spirituality, video.
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Controlling your online image as extremely paramount today, as most people use the Internet to decipher which products to purchase and which services to utilize. With so much information littering the web, it definitely pays to have someone thoroughly evaluate your online reputation. Through working alongside an Internet marketing consultant, for instance, you could obtain help in both improving your online reputation and in developing a strong online reputation management protocol that speaks directly to your business.
With an Internet marketing consulting firm on your company's side, your company's online reputation could see improvements within the first several weeks. Having a professional in your corner to help steer you through which online reputation management programs to implement and which to avoid pays for you in multiple ways, not the least of which is an improved reputation and a stronger presence across the web. With your competitors vying with you for business, something needs to stand out, and your online reputation is the X factor. Get it all figured out by hiring an online reputation management consultant.
If your business is concerned with grabbing a larger share of your local market, then call on a local Internet marketing company firm, which is specifically tasked with improving your reputation online with a local focus. So if you run a dental practice and have a strong looking website yet no means to let others know about you, you could use this local firm to hone your local efforts and to improve your local reputation online through development of a strong online reputation management platform with an entirely local focus. If on the other hand you operate on a more national level, you could just as simply find an online reputation management provider with its hands in companies with larger and more geographically separated fish to fry. Finding your ideal match here should get you more successful results.
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Find out more here: cprax.com


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Submitted by Alice Alexander on
Alice Alexander, Coho/US Executive Director
Nuturing Cohousing Communities to Help Them Thrive is one of three core areas of the Coho/US strategic plan. We offer abundant resources on our website, and encourage communities to search for successful practices on work share, meal participation, marketing, whatever. Also, see "New Resources" in each issue of Cohousing Now! eNews (bottom, right column). Offerings this month:
Tips on Getting a Journalist's Attention
Resale Strategies to Address Turnover
Contact us to share your wisdom, experiences and stories, to feed our role as "connector and clearinghouse."


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New report system hopes to reduce number of babies born with drug addiction | Health
Title (Max 100 Characters)
The state health department is hoping to combat the rising number of babies born addicted to drugs with a new report system.
Babies born addicted suffer from Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. They often spend many days in the hospital going through the withdrawal process, which includes seizures, tremors, fever and vomiting.
Back in June, East Tennessee Children's Hospital told us about how 40 percent of its babies in the neonatal intensive care unit were dependent on opiates. The hospital pioneered a treatment to slowly wean babies off the drugs.
Statewide, the health department says 10 times more babies were born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in 2010 than in 2000.
To change that, the health department will begin requiring hospitals to report babies born with the syndrome beginning January 1.


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Tuesday July 16, 6:08 a.m.
As if three score and ten were not enough, along comes another. I'm not too good with math, but even I can figure out the cap on how many are potentially left to go. Ah, but they are as inevitable as the Bleeding Hearts just outside my office window, just starting to blossom out, and as certain as the hummingbirds that will soon follow to thrust their long bills into the tiny red folds, sipping nectar, wings aflutter.
This one will be one of the most unusual I've ever had. In about an hour I'll leave to drive to Tuscaloosa to visit my oldest sister, Ann, 88, in the hospital. Now just by my saying 88 you will presume she has difficulty walking around (and she has slowed) and that someone is usually pretty close by in case she needs help. Not if she can help it! Yesterday she decided she would go out to her flower garden and loosen up the soil with a hoe and then push some of the dirt around the base of the hostas she started from one rooted from my house in Prattville in the 80s. I've seen her do it a hundred times, so I can see the scene. This part was new: she felt the bite before she saw the head of the Copperhead dart back after his strike.
We only have two other poisonous snakes in Alabama—the rattlesnake and the cottonmouth, if you don't count the more southern coral snake. Frankly, I've never seen a coral snake and I'm not certain I could remember the jingle in time if I did. Red on black, friend of Jack; red on yellow, kill a fellow.
Ellie Bryant inspired the first line of my snaky story "Envenomation" in the Lectorium at Spalding with her comment: "I'm an e-mail slut." So my first line of this story became "My daddy handles snakes, and my mama is an e-mail slut." But, you know, now that I've remembered this incident, my story begins in humor and ends in tragedy. I remember Lovie and the demise of her Radio. I don't like the ending of that story this morning. Lovie fares somewhat better because she still has Silas—named after Silas House, the good preacher from the snake-handling church. Still...
My brother-in-law, a doctor, and my consultant on snakebites for the story, assured me last night that a copperhead bite is less dangerous than a rattlesnake bite. He also said that the antivenin has improved some and is not so apt to trigger an allergic reaction now that they use sheep instead of horses—oh, but not to get into that process. It was good, he said, that they were observing her overnight at the hospital.
As unlikely as this snakebite strike was the gift I found on my kitchen counter this morning, a typed sheet of paper. You read that correctly, typed as in typed on the Smith Corona typewriter, borrowed from this same brother-in-law whose dad gave it him to use in college. This typewriter has been sitting at the end of my kitchen table for a week as my grandson Nicholas has typed on thick paper for an art installation. This is his "creative summer" following his freshman year at Syracuse University in architecture. He hopes to have a complete art show before his return to Syracuse in late August. That familiar sound of striking keys against paper has lulled us to sleep nightly. It calls up my eleventh grade typing class at Montgomery High, and a more recent memory, Jessica pounding out stories on "Murder She Wrote" when our children were young.
My birthday poem.
I read it three times through before crying. Nicholas has been the inspiration for many of my poems, and is the subject of the title poem of my full-length collection. The realization hit home that in poems it is okay to just lay bare our hearts. It is the only place we can do that without seeing our words grow fuzzy and too precious.
He has given me a sweeping overview of the installation-in-progress. It is filled with all the darkness teenagers experience in relationships in a divorce situation, situations that even the adults involved can't fully understand. He has typed nearly a hundred pages of words this week spilled from the gut and recorded in his notebook over the past year. He is still toying with an arrangement of these words. Always eager to help with ideas, I've pointed out to him the light and dark in Bruegel's print that hangs in my powder room, "The Fight between Carnival and Lent."
This newest poem, a glorious song beaming from my refrigerator, may be the start of balance for arranging his installation, adding that warm, sunny side of healing.


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Customer Gallery
Eddie dropped off Betsy the Dormobile for a little re-vamp inside. We will begin from the top down with new bellows, headlining throughout, and careful removal of her old interior (which Eddie will be placing on e-bay).
Then with all out we can begin with new flooring Mad Matz tiled floor, new suite of hand crafted 15mm lightweight furniture with Smev combo unit…..and all associated mod cons.
Follow the facebook page for updates.


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Estes Park is one of Colorado's most beautiful cities and is a superb place for home buyers. Estes Park is home to the headquarters of the breathtaking Rocky Mountain National Park, with 300 miles of hiking trails, and 415 square miles of protected mountain wilds. This is a city where residents can truly enjoy nature, wildlife, and incredible scenery. There are multiple gorgeous lakes and a downtown riverwalk. The city keeps all downtown areas clean and tidy, and plants 38,000 flowers every year. Estes Park offers superb mountain dining, with numerous highly rated American-style restaurants. Residents have plenty of entertainment between the National Park, lakes, riverwalk, and even a local go-kart/mini-golf center. The city also offers recreational programs for adults, youth, and seniors, as well as a rec center. Each year, unique annual events are put on for the residents, such as Rooftop Rodeo, Elk Fest, and Winter Festival. Estes Park is one of the best places to capture an iconic Colorado environment, while still not being too far away from Denver or Fort Collins.
Included below are homes for sale in Estes Park. If you would like more information on any of these Estes Park real estate listings, just click the "Request More Information" button when viewing the details of that property. We can provide you with disclosures, past sales history, dates and prices of homes recently sold nearby, and more.
And, if you haven't already, be sure to register for a free account so that you can receive email alerts whenever new Estes Park listings come on the market.
YourWayHome Group @ Fathom
Please let me know how can I help you.


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The included data
- What does the warning "Blocked for marketing" mean?
- What am I allowed to do with the information in Lime Go?
- Streamed information, what does it mean?
- Can anyone else see the information that I add in Lime Go?
- Why can´t I find the company in Lime Go?
- Can I have more than one country database in one app?
- Which information is mine and which information is Bisnodes?
- Can I add a new company and match it against Bisnode data?
- Where does Bisnode get the information from?


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Nuance kicked off the month of July with some exciting news: Dragon Mobile Assistant (DMA) and Swype were named to TIME Magazine's list of the '50 Best Android Apps for 2013.'
Dragon Mobile Assistant upgraded recently to its latest version, and now includes new features like Intelligent Driver Mode, which allows DMA to detect when users are in a moving vehicle so it can automatically switch over to hands-free, eyes-free activation, allowing users to remain connected in a safer, smarter way. Also, Dragon now has new features that also make it an even more personal experience, including Voice Notifications that can read aloud Facebook status updates, messages, incoming calls, and upcoming appointments. And you can choose how you wake up your Dragon with a customizable wake-up word. So whether it's "Hi, Dragon", "Hey, Dude," or "Hello, Dolly," Dragon is ready to respond and deliver. And last, but certainly not least, Dragon now also supports voice-enabled email.
Jared Newman, author of the TIME list, said of Dragon Mobile Assistant:
Dragon's voice assistant app is meant to be a replacement for Android's built-in voice commands, but where it really comes in handy is its Driver Mode. Connect your phone to your car's Bluetooth, auxiliary input or charging dock, and Dragon can automatically start listening for voice commands. With a simple activation phrase, you can ask for directions or find nearby places without ever touching your phone.
Swype continues to draw praise for its unique text-input method, as it relies on one continuous motion across the on-screen keyboard, rather than traditional letter tapping, to quickly and accurately insert words and sentences. The Swype keyboard has undergone a rapid transformation in the last year. In addition to integrating the power of Dragon voice recognition, Swype has also been augmented by including intelligent dictionaries that learn and adapt to the words and phrases that people use most.
On Swype, Newman offered the following:
While Swype has plenty of competitors, its years of experience still make for the most accurate gesture keyboard available. Instead of tapping on each letter, you simply drag a finger across all the letters in a word, and Swype uses prediction to figure out what you meant to write. Take a week or two to get used to it, and suddenly regular typing will seem impossibly sluggish.
This marks the third time one of Nuance's products or apps has been named to one of TIME Magazine's distinguished lists of consumer products and technology. In 2010, Dragon Dictation was included in TIME's 'The Top 10 Everything of 2010' list, and in 2012, Dragon Go! made TIME's '50 Best iPhone Apps 2012' compilation.
Nuance is honored to have two of its marquee applications recognized by TIME and other distinguished outlets. Such acknowledgement reinforces Nuance's position as a leading innovator in speech technology and intelligent systems, and we're very proud to be recognized for our mission – continually reinventing the relationship between people and technology.
If you haven't downloaded Swype or Dragon Mobile Assistant from Google Play – what are you waiting for? Click here to download Swype and here to download Dragon Mobile Assistant from the Google Play Store.


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Växjö, Sweden
Training Level
Intensive Training, 2014, 20
It took me a year or two before I really got into guiding Strala, my main focus was mostly private classes. However, since autumn 2016 I've explored guiding open classes in town and I'm enjoying the vibe!
Besides filling my days with expressive Yoga, I study Psychology (both uni-level & private training) and L O V E the startup world. I'm currently involved in a start-up here in Växjö (who knew this was an entrepreneurial hub?!), school and a research project – all which I enjoy very much!
I'm always looking for ways to learn and to explore and STÅLA has certainly given me a way to do so – I'm forever grateful.
If you want to take a class or have any other questions, feel free to email me on firstname.lastname@example.com
Strålande kramar, Cassandra


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Building sustainable partnerships between training providers: are we making headway?
Anna Lear
Earlier in 2016, in the run-up to the World Humanitarian Summit, the Training Providers Forum [1], organised a workshop which brought together thirty people involved in training provision and capacity strengthening [2] for the international development and humanitarian sector. Within the framework of the Grand Bargain [3], and as localisation would emerge as a key topic in Istanbul, our objective was to look at whether training providers based in the North have a role to play in supporting training provision and learning services in the global South and to examine the challenges and risks involved.
Of course, capacity building and supporting national NGOs have been part of the development discourse for many years. And today, we note that training providers based in the North are also embarking on a shift in their strategy. As well as delivering training, a number of training providers based in the North increasingly support or collaborate with training providers based in regions where the humanitarian response is taking place, or in neighbouring countries. It is this parallel trend that interests us, both in terms of understanding whether we have added value and how we can collectively improve the way we work together.
When we examine some of the challenges that emerge from this shift in strategy, there is the obvious risk that the delivery of training from external organisations may end up flooding the market, inadvertently weakening local initiatives. This is primarily a question of short-term versus long-term impact. In the short term, an external training may respond to a specific need for learning, and this will hopefully have a positive impact and help to strengthen national capacity in terms of the response itself. However, in the longer term, this approach may divert funds from emerging national training providers and have a negative impact on the learning sector as a whole.
There is also an inherent issue of power dynamics in this type of international collaboration, where one party has access to funds and the other party needs the funding. In capacity building programmes where a training provider is being funded to support another training provider, both organisations have a dual accountability to both the donor and to those benefitting from the learning activities. Yet the notion of what constitutes quality training will vary depending on a number of factors, including our culture and indeed our own individual experience of learning. Indeed, if we fail to recognise the risk of imposing our 'expertise', models and ideas about what constitutes best practice, then we surely run the risk of eclipsing national context-specific approaches and dynamics.
Another challenge for both parties in this type of collaboration is clarifying expectations and ways of working together at the outset in order to build trust and avoid misunderstandings. Despite commitments on paper to build local ownership, our experience shows that organisations who are responsible for managing capacity building funds do not always find it easy to 'let go' and hand over access to training content and responsibility for training management in practice.
[1] The Training Providers Forum is an informal group of like-minded training providers who enjoy working together. The Forum aims to improve access to, and the quality of, training in the international development and humanitarian sector through greater collaboration between training providers; sharing learning and good practice; and advocating the importance of training in the sector. The forum is currently attended by Bond, CHS Alliance, Cornerstone OnDemand Foundation, Groupe URD, IECAH, INASP, Institut Bioforce, INTRAC, Mango and RedR UK.
[2] There is an ongoing debate over the terms 'capacity development' and 'capacity building'. Some practitioners are concerned that these terms place too much focus on the role of 'experts' bringing capacity and not enough focus or recognition of capacity that already exists amongst the individuals, organisations and societies in question. With the aim of redressing this imbalance, the term 'capacity strengthening' is becoming more popular. Alternatively, another term, 'capacity sharing' places a greater focus on the importance of recognising and nurturing two-way learning.
[3] The "Grand Bargain" is the name for a package of reforms launched at the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul.


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*fluffs!* I LOVE talking to my birdie! ^^ He instantly turns my foul, bitter moods into bright songs of sunshine! *murrrrs, and prances around like an idiot, throwing flowers around while gay little bubbly hearts float above her head*
I love you, sweetie! ^^
…even if I DO end up having to sit on those damn huge-ass eggs of yours. X.x