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The Magic of Chapter 13
Eliminate 2nd (and 3rd ) Mortgages
Modify 1st Mortgages
Cancel All Credit Cards
Pay A Car at What It's Worth, Not What Is Owed
I have bad news. I have good news.
The bad news is that home values have seriously declined -- as much as 50% in the far suburbs.
The good news is that this is the perfect time to eliminate second (and third) mortgages on homes, as well as modify the first mortgage, cancel credit cards, and reduce car loans to what the car is worth using the power of Chapter 13 bankruptcy.Questions and Answers
What is Chapter 13 bankruptcy?
Chapter 13 is very different and much more powerful than the common Chapter 7 most people are familiar with. Chapter 7 is a liquidation. In effect, the debtor says to the court: "This is what I owe. This is what I own. Please discharge me of what I owe and I will give up what I own." Of course, in most Chapter 7 cases, if evaluated carefully by the attorney, the person loses nothing because any property having value will be protected by the exemptions allowed under state law that avoid leaving persons destitute. Any other property the person has will be worth less than the loans on it, and hence of no value in the bankruptcy.
How is Chapter 13 different?
Chapter 13, or the other hand, is a reorganization bankruptcy. The person is granted extraordinarily powerful rights that he does not have in Chapter 7. Among the most important is the power to force modifications of specific types of loans without the consent of lenders. For the person who wants to keep particular collateral such as a house, car, or equipment, one of the primary goals in any Chapter 13 case will be to modify such loans by reducing the total loan balance to the current value of the collateral, reduce the loan's interest rate to just-above-market rate, and change the term (length of loan payment plan) to make payments more affordable.
How does it work?
In Chapter 13, the person gathers and discloses all financial information including assets, liabilities, income, expenses and any recent transfers of property. Then, within the rules of Chapter 13, the person proposes a plan of reorganization in which he indicates what he will do about his debts, including what modifications he proposes to loans securing collateral, as well as the monthly payment he thinks he can make comfortably during the 3 to 5 year term of the plan and which meets the minimum requirements of the law.
Can you give me an example of how a typical Chapter 13 works?
This is a fairly typical scenario. The person has a house he bought under a so-called "80/20" plan for $500,000 in 2006 that is now worth $350,000. The balance and payments on the first and second mortgages are, respectively: $400,000 at 8% (PITI = $3,200) and $100,000 at 10% ($878/month). He owes $18,000 in arrears on his first mortgage. In addition, he has a car he bought in 2005 and on which he owes $25,000 at 10% interest ($532/month), which is now worth $8,000. He has amassed $50,000 in debt on credit cards, personal loans, and bills on which he makes the minimum payment of $700/month. His income has gone down, but he would like to keep his car and his house if he can find an affordable way to do it.
For this person, a plan would be proposed that consists of the following:
- Modify the 2nd mortgage and change it to an unsecured debt (similar to the credit cards, bills, etc.)
- Modify the car loan car reducing the balance to the $8,000 current value of the car and interest rate to prime rate plus one (5%).
- Pay all unsecured creditors a dividend of 2%, which is as much as he can comfortably afford.
Before the Chapter 13, the person's monthly payments on debt looked like this:
|1st mortgage:
|2nd mortgage:
|Unsecured debt:
After the Chapter 13 plan is confirmed by the court, payments would look like this:
|1st mortgage
|2nd mortgage:
|- 0 -
|- 0 -
|Unsecured debt:
|- 0 -
Ch. 13 Plan Payment: $168/month (= $151 (modified car loan) + $17 (dividend for unsecured debts))
NEW TOTAL: $3,368/month
Furthermore, once the person completes his plan and gets a discharge order from the court, he will have reduced his original overall debt as follows:
|2nd mortgage loan:
|- $100,000
|Balance of car loan:
|- $17,000
|Unsecured debt:
|- $50,000
|- $167,000
What are the advantages?
Through the reorganization, the person has held on to collateral he wished to keep and made his monthly payments affordable. He reduced the car loan to current value, and brought down his interest rate, effectively cutting his monthly car payment from $532 to $151 -- a savings of $381/month. He reduced the total debt against the house by $100,000 and brought the total debt much closer to the actual value of the house. Total monthly cash outflow was reduced by $1,942/month, however, the person still lives in the same house and drives the same car.
In his example, why not also reduce the first mortgage by $50,000 from $400,000 to the actual $350,000 value of the house?
As of the time of this writing, there is still an important legal restriction on the power of Chapter 13 to modify mortgages. Current law states that a Chapter 13 plan can propose the modification of secured debts except a debt "secured only by a security interest in real property that is the debtor's principal residence." (Emphasis added.)
Pay close attention to the wording of this prohibition and, in particular, the underlined words. The courts have read this statute very narrowly such that situations outside the wording are very important and widely-employed exceptions to the rule.
Can you give me an example of an exception?
The most important exception involves the word "secured." For most bankruptcy courts, including the bankruptcy courts of Maryland and Virginia, a mortgage that is not secured at all, such as a second (and third) mortgage on property that has devalued below the balance of the first mortgage, is not protected by the prohibition and therefore can be modified in Chapter 13. Among bankruptcy lawyers, eliminating unsecured mortgages liens is known as a "strip off" and is done frequently in cases worked by this office. That is precisely what was done to the second mortgage in the first example of this Q&A.
Any other important exceptions?
Yes, the exception to the prohibition on home mortgage modification does not apply to rental property (since the loan is not on the principal residence of the debtor). In Chapter 13 the person has the right to modify mortgages on rental property by reducing it to the value of the property as well as bring the interest rate down to just-above-prime rate. However, other law in bankruptcy requires that the loan, as modified, must be paid in full during the term of the plan, which legally cannot extend more than 5 years, which often makes this modification impracticable.
Are there instances when a modification of a loan on a rental property could be feasible?
Yes, but generally it would have to be in situations where the value of the property has depreciated so much that the whole loan could be paid in 5 years. In fact, for some condos, in certain local areas, that is the case.
In particular, this type of modification in bankruptcy will work for the person who has "lent credit" to another such that the person living in the house is actually a renter to the person who "lent credit" to the other.
In one case reviewed by this office a daughter "lent" her credit to her mother so that she could buy a condo. The condo was purchased for $270,000, but had depreciated to $70,000. Payments were $2,200/month. The mother could not pay and the property was ready to go to foreclosure. The foreclosure would be stopped immediately upon filing of the Chapter 13. The loan would be modified and the lender forced to take the value of the house, $70,000, at approximately prime plus one (5%). Payments would drop to approximately $1,400/month, and the residence would be fully paid off in 5 years, as opposed to 30 years, saving hundreds of thousands of dollars in interest over that time.
In many ways, this is tantamount to purchasing the property, at a bargain price, with financing terms they could never qualify for if they were taking out a new loan, given the applicants seriously damaged credit score.
Other important exceptions to the restriction on principal residence mortgage modifications involve:
- Mobile homes. (Most courts, including the Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit which covers MD and VA, do not consider a mobile home to be "real property" and hence not subject to the principal residence loan modification prohibition.)
- Home loans that are secured not only by the home but also by other real estate or personal property. (This loan would not be secured "only" by the principal residence.)
- Liens against the principal residence that are not a "security interest" (consensual liens) within the meaning of the bankruptcy code such as tax liens, judgment liens, or mechanics liens.
- Liens for loans that will mature before the end of the Chapter 13 plan. (This is a rare situation, but is intended to help a person who almost has his house paid off.)
What, then, can be done with the first mortgage on a principal residence if it cannot be forcibly modified in Chapter 13?
There are still other options. For example, nothing in the law bars a lender from working out a voluntary modification with the home owner, and, in fact, some of our clients have done that. The Obama plan encourages modification in bankruptcy. The loan principal usually is not reduced, but the lender may voluntarily reduce the interest rate or, in the case of adjustable mortgages, convert the loan to a fixed, 30-year mortgage. Finally, if the home owner wants to take a particularly aggressive position and the loan has legal defects, such as Truth in Lending or Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act violations, the violations can be litigated in the bankruptcy court and used as leverage to force a settlement for a more favorable modification.
How does Chapter 13 compare to a loan modification?
You must keep in mind that both options can be pursued. It is not an "either/or" situation. They are not mutually exclusive. A loan modification can be pursued during the bankruptcy, while under the protection of the court, or even after you have been rejected for a modification you could afford. (You can always reapply for a modification.) The truth is most people will be better candidates for modification during or after the bankruptcy because their overall debt-to- income ratio, an important factor banks take into account, will improve – the applicants will not have the monthly obligations associated with 2nd mortgages, car payments, or credit cards. Finally, while modifications are purely voluntary on the part of the lender, modifications in bankruptcy are not. There is a very clear set of rules under which modifications are determined by the court and which mortgage lenders are obligated to respect.
What did you mean "as of the time of this writing" when referring to the current restriction on mortgage modifications on a principal residence in bankruptcy?
A bill backed by President Obama (and the National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys on whose behalf this office advocated to lawmakers) which would have granted bankruptcy judges more powers to re-write home mortgages passed the House of Representatives in April, 2009 but then was defeated in the Senate. Again, late in 2009 the bill was re-introduced, but failed to pass the House. When the bill was re-introduced the second time, there was talk on Capitol Hill to bring the bill back for another vote because of the fact that voluntary mortgage modifications by mortgage lenders are not reaching enough homeowners in distress. If the bill had passed, homeowners would have been able to not only "strip off" the second mortgage, but also then reduce the balance on the first mortgage to the current value of the property (through a process known as a "strip down" or "cram down").This is relief debt-saddled homeowners want and which is desperately needed to stem the tide of abandoned homes. Almost one-quarter of homes nationally are worth less than the mortgage debt, and that fact is certainly one big incentive driving homeowners to give the property up to the bank. The prospects for this proposal becoming law are not good at this time, but keep an eye on further developments.Conclusion
Chapter 13 presents another option for the person who is in financial distress, wishes to keep the collateral securing his debts (such a house or car), and make payments affordable while, in many cases, eliminating some of the debt on that property.


text:
Pascal Sundi Mbambi
Pascal Sundi Mbambi is a PhD candidate at the Université Kongo, on the DRC 'sanitised villages' (villages assainis) research project. The research is integral part of both the Interuniversity Attraction Pole (IAP) project ["The Global Challenge of Human Rights Integration: Towards a Users' Perspective" (2012-2017)] and the "Localizing human rights" research project undertaken at the Universiteit Antwerpen.
Pascal Sundi Mbambi will perform a case study on the UNICEF's sanitised villages project in the Bas-Congo: the view from the rural poor. The objective of the research is to explore the level of human rights awareness of the communities benefiting from the project, their perceptions of human rights in comparison with that of UNICEF, as well as to identify action taken by the communities to secure better human rights services from the donor and the international community as whole, and also from the Congolese state. Finally, the research will try to find out whether or not the experience of using the strategy in the Bas-Congo Province could make any difference to UNICEF's own understanding of the right to water, health and education, etc.
Pascal Sundi Mbambi
Université Kongo & Universiteit Antwerpen
Bas-Congo Mbanza Ngungu, Congo (Kinshasa)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I think its cause i program C++ and not C but i have no clue how http://www.w3.org/Library/Examples/eventloop.c works, or how it gets the info and how it uses it Can anyone help me >firstname.lastname@example.com wrote: >> >> i am going to write cgi in C++ and i want it to issue commands and >> send info to the server i am writing since it is local would i still >> do what listen does? >It would be better to use a model like you find in the event loop sample > http://www.w3.org/Library/Examples/eventloop.c >linked from > http://www.w3.org/Library/Examples/ >It reads from stdin (which is the normal input channel for CGI scripts) >and then does something as a function of that input. >HenrikReceived on Friday, 18 December 1998 11:46:03 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Tuesday, 6 January 2015 21:33:48 UTC


text: Do you #lovetotravel? I do! I try to travel at least once a year and when I do I often […] #lovetotravel with Citi credit cards4 Nov, 2016 in News tagged beach / boracay / citi / credit card / debit card / discount / kaon restaurant / spa / travel / visa by Penny Tan


text:
|Primary Class
|Issue Date
|Patent No.
|Wireless Telephone
|Means for electrically transmitting signals for securing telephonic communication between moving vehicles and way stations
|N. B. Stubblefield
|Conn Linn; R. Downs; B. F. Schroader; George C. McLarin; John P. McElrath; Jeff D. Roulette; Samuel E. Bynum
|May 12, 1908
|Telephone signaling system
|Telephone signaling system for transmitting supervisory signals between central office stations in cases in which facilities cannot be obtained by wire means, as in the case of radio speech channels and wire circuits, and to transmit such signals without the sacrifice of Mors telegraph facilities and without interference of voice currents with those signals.
|Charles S. Demarest
|American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)
|October 23, 1928
|Ringing circuit for radio transmitters
|Howler or ringing circuit for short wave radio transmitters such as used for connection with police automobiles, calling the attention of the operator of a distant receiver with whom the operator of the transmitter wishes to establish contact.
|George W. Fyler; Schenectady L. Y.
|General Electric Company, New York
|December 3, 1935
|Radio telephone system
|Radio telephone systems adapted for communications between ships and point ashore; to prevent false operation of the signal system caused by interfering frequencies.
|Albert Franklin Bowers
|American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)
|December 2, 1941
|Radiotelephone system
|Radio telephone system involving an automatic exchange with connections extended over radio links
|Molnar Imre
|Automatic Electric Laboratories, Chicago
|September 26, 1950
|Control terminal for mobile radio telephone
|Mobile Radio telephone system in which a multicity of mobile subscribers' telephone stations are connected by radio to permanently located transmitting and receiving stations which are connected by wire lines to a central office or toll switchboard.
|Everhard H. B.
|Automatic Electric Laboratories, Chicago
|November 20, 1951
|Automatic selection of receiving channels
|Radio telephone systems for interconnecting mobile radio stations with one another or with or with a radio station or telephone subscriber at a stationary position.
|Harry B. Coxhead
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York
|March 25, 1952
|Mobile radio telephone system
|Mobile radio telephone systems providing more efficiently used means for handling a greater number of simultaneously calls between mobile units and fixed stations over a single frequency channel without causing interference.
|Albert E. Bachelet; Louis A. Dorff; Mitchell Doren
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York
|July 21, 1959
|Mobile communication system in which the base station receiver, which receives the strongest signal, is automatically selected
|Mobile units in conjunction with fixed relay stations which receiver that receives the stronger signal will be voted to be automatically used; the choice of receiver will be re-voted upon change of location.
|Neal H. Shepherd
|General Electric Company, New York
|November 3, 1964
|Alarm circuits in portable radio telephone system
|Wireless telephone systems with alarm circuits arranged to monitor and report the condition of the transmission links quality existing between stations in such a system
|Herbert W. Bryant
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York
|March 15, 1966
|Selector for selecting the best responding one of a plurality of equal rank devices
|Selector Equipment for continuously selecting the best responding, one of a number of equal rank radio telephony devices
|Robert H. Duncan; Donald W. Orahood
|International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT), New York
|June 27, 1967
|Automatic mobile radio telephone switching system
|Mobile telephone units including unique facilities for differentially selecting among called mobile units and for detecting "foreign" (roaming) mobile units in a particular mobile area
|Ralph A. Chaney
|American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T)
|November 28, 1967
|Radio telephone system
|A portable duplex radio telephone system includes at least one base station transmitter having a predetermined base transmission range, and a plurality of portable or mobile units each having a predetermined portable maximum transmission range predeterminately shorter than the base transmission range. Satellite receivers are deployed about the base station within the base station transmission range for receiving transmissions from the portable units. The base station transmitter transmits signals on a signalling channel and on at least one communications channel. Each transmitter signalling and communications channel has a frequency that is paired or associated with a receiving frequency of the satellite receivers. In a multiple base station system, the portable receiver has means for scanning the base station transmitter signalling frequencies and for tuning the portable transmitter to the signalling frequency associated with the frequency of the strongest signalling signal received from the base transmitter. When communication is initiated, the portable transmitter and receiver are automatically retuned to one of the communications channels as determined by the strongest signalling frequency received by the portable receiver and by channel availability. Means are also provided in the system to continuously locate a portable unit and switch the operating frequency thereof as the portable unit moves between base station transmitter coverage areas. Further means are provided to automatically reduce the output power of each portable transmitter to the minimum level required for satisfactory communications in order to reduce battery drain and the interference caused by the portable transmitters.
|Martin Cooper; Richard W. Dronsuth; Albert J. Mikulski; Charles N. Lynk, Jr.; James J. Mikulski; John F. Mitchell; Roy A Richardson; John H. Sangster
|Motorola, Inc., Chicago.
|September 16, 1975


text:
Ghost Recon has been a highly anticipated release for the Xbox 360, but missed the November 2005 launch. It was pushed back twice in order to ensure the game was not rushed, and was finally released in March, 2006. This version of the series comes with lots of improvements and additional features, but the core of the game is the single-player campaign. GRAW is still the same methodically paced, squad-based sniper game, but the formula has been polished to be palatable for today's generation. Xbox Live support has been added to this version, so players can get together for sqad-based fun.
|Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter
|ESRB Rating
|Teen (Blood, Language, Violence)
|Release Date
|March 7, 2006
|Xbox 360
|Action / Squad-based Shooter / First Person Shooter
|1-4 players, Dolby 5.1 Surround, Custom Soundtracks, HDTV 720p, Voice
|Multiplayer Features
|2-16 online players, Xbox Live Scorecard, Xbox Live Adware
Here's some promo copy about the game from Ubisoft:
The face of war has changed in Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter™. Enemy lines blur and there is no longer a clear opponent. New enemies and new threats require a new type of warfare and a new type of soldier. Enter the Ghosts. In 2013, the U.S. Army will implement the Integrated Warfighter System evolving what we know as the modern soldier. IWS combines advanced weapon systems, satellite communication devices, and enhanced survivability into one fully integrated combat system. The IWS program has been developed to meet these new threats head on. Now, it can be tested on the battlefield.
In this next installment in Ubisoft's award-winning squad-based military shooter series, become the soldier of the future. Equipped with cutting edge weapons and communications systems, you will find yourself immersed in a detailed universe that sets the stage for the urban war of the near future.


text:
Vous n'êtes pas identifié.
Angels Dont Have To Wait Until Opening Day For Trout Extension - RealGM Wiretap
The Los Angeles Angels don't have to wait until Opening Day to sign Mike Trout to a long-term contract extension.
The club doesn't want the annual value of Trout's potential new contract to affect their Collective Balance Tax payroll until the 2015 season Gorgui Dieng Timberwolves Jersey , so they won't go past the luxury-tax threshold in 2014.
They recently found out that they can sign him before Opening Day and still avoid penalties in 2014.
The rule changed shortly after Adrian Gonzalez signed a seven-year, $154 million extension with the Red Sox a deal that was being talked about in December 2010 and wasnt signed until the following April for CBT purposes but its unclear when it was adopted.
Effective Advertising Methods To Develop And Conduct A Restaurant Business Effective Advertising Methods To Develop And Conduct A Restaurant Business August 4, 2013 | Author: Bart Gibson | Posted in Business
The ease of growing a local eatery business varies from time to time but if your business is at a standstill, you need to get it moving again in order to grow. As you look to push past the slow times and to reignite your growth, consider the following.
Do not mix your own personal finances with the finances of your local eatery business. Keeping these two aspects of your personal and business life separate will allow you to have a more streamlined accounting process so that you can keep better track of your family restaurants budget.
Create a website of your family restaurant not because its the done thing, but because its by far the most useful way of getting through to your customers. Its also hugely interactive and has a large outreach. To create one you could use the services of a professional who would be better at doing the job and in understanding which features are needed for your kind of a family restaurant.
In local eatery business Andrew Wiggins Timberwolves Jersey , the most vital thing is to keep going on, as it is that all important stubbornness of getting success eventually, which counts. Despite all odds, one can go for course correction and hope to recover whatever was lost and then build up the momentum of increase. To stop would bring things to a dead standstill and that can make getting back on your feet more difficult.
if you desire to increase the efficiency of your local eatery business, take your decisions on time instead of delaying them. The less you waste time, the more fast your plans will prove to be effective. Also have trust and confidence in yourself when you make your decisions.
Do a social media scavenger hunt once in a while. Radio stations do these all the time on their websites Adreian Payne Timberwolves Jersey , and it gains a lot of attention. Create words on your Facebook page,website, or Twitter page that citizen can look for and find. Whoever finds all of the words first, wins a cash prize.
Jumping into things will never benefit your local eatery business. It is always important to carefully plan out each action that you take. Careful research will help you to figure out which actions will actually be a good idea and which should be scrapped. Planning will let you have plenty of time to make sure everything is ready before you implement anything.
All local eatery businesses need a sufficient amount of money at the beginning. Dont start a business if you cannot invest enough capital. It wont take a fortune, but it will still be a significant amount if you want to start your own family restaurant.
Make sure that you make your items to be your brand ambassador. If you have good products, your customer will definitely use them and recommend them to others as well. This will help you to make your local eatery business more successful.
Visit any popular search engine and enter restaurant lynchburg into search query. You may discover a few cool tips about locally owned restaurants you can utilize soon.
You Can Find A Few Good Etiquette Classes In DC You Can Find A Few Good Etiquette Classes In DC September 29 Authentic Zach LaVine Jersey , 2013 | Author: Dawn Williams | Posted in Education
When it comes to manners, it is very important to know how to behave in certain places. It is vital that you know how to behave yourself in public and exhibit good manners while you are doing certain things. There are many things that you need to know and in order to find out more and learn them there are numerous places offering etiquette classes in DC.
People are not born with manners, they are taught them. This is one of lifes many demands. Should you be doing something, there is usually a certain way in which you do them.
Having children is wonderful, but raising them right is important. One should teach them how to respect other people and their cultures. Should you have children, it is vital to teach them the basics of how to behave in public. Although they may be ill mannered at home Authentic Tyus Jones Jersey , you need to instill some manners in them for when they are out in public.
Ill mannered people are very unpleasant to be around and you tend to feel very out of place when you are in their company. It is embarrassing when someone you are with does not know his place and misbehaves and causes attention to himself. This is a sign of poor upbringing and one should rather steer clear of such people as the shed a poor light on you as well.
Good fundamental behavior is important when you go out to other places of interest. Although the behavior may differ, it does not mean that you have to behave poorly if this is the way that things are done there. Should you not feel that it is apt to behave in a certain way, then you simply do not do it. One has to have decent morals and values and carry them out accordingly.
When it comes to basic things like ta. Wholesale Jerseys From China Wholesale Jerseys China Wholesale Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys Free Shipping
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text:
Ranch & Cow Horse Races
7pm (T)
Superintendent: Bethany Aurin
For well over 100 years, horse racing has been a prominent pastime in the Yampa Valley; originally the Ute Indians raced along the banks of the Yampa and lower Elk rivers. With the arrival of beef cattle, many ranchers also began to host match races during their brandings and ranch rodeos. Chariot races also became extremely popular beginning in the late 1940's and early 1950's.
The Routt county Fair has continued this great tradition by including horse races every year during the fair. This year, there will be two age divisions and all are welcome to participate. To honor our ranching heritage, all participants must ride in a stock saddle. Match races will be run and the fastest two times will compete against each for a buckle and a cash award (riders under 18 years old must wear a helmet).


text:
Cotton Baby Sleeping Bags. Sizes 0 to 6 Years.
Sizing is important when choosing a sleeping bag for your baby. This is why we produce a variety of sizes which should see them safe and snug whilst sleeping. The ideal temperature for your babies' bedroom is 18°C. Always check that your baby is not too hot or too cold. An efficient way of doing this is by placing your hand between their shoulder blades - they should feel warm, not hot.
Tog is the European warmth rating of bedding used to guide parents in purchasing the correct weight sleeping bag for each season.
0.5 TOG - Sleeveless, unpadded bag. Suitable for temperatures above 20°C. Wear with a short sleeve summer romper.
1.0 TOG - Long sleeve, unpadded bag. Suitable for rooms from 18°C to 22°C. Team with a short sleeve summer romper
2.5 TOG - Sleeveless, padded bag. Suitable for rooms from 16°C to 18°C. Combine with long sleeve romper or pyjama set.
3.0 TOG - Long sleeve, padded bag. Suitable for cooler climates and rooms that are below 16°C. Combine with a long sleeve, light-weight romper or pyjama set.
- Sleep baby on the back from birth, not on the tummy or side
- Sleep baby with face uncovered (no doonas, pillows, lambs wool, bumpers or soft toys)
- Avoid exposing babies to tobacco smoke before and after birth
- Provide a safe sleeping environment (safe cots, safe mattress, safe bedding)
- Sleep baby in their own, safe sleeping environment next to the parents bed for the first six to twelve months of their lives.
These are recommendations are based on the average seasonal temperatures. You will soon discover the best level of nightwear to suit your baby and temperature of the room.
Above information sourced from Sids and Kids - www.sidsandkids.org
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text: i was wondering who going to play when it comes out 2m and i would like to start a guild with fellow olimpyians and get this party started. i will be playing AA for most of the time. let me know i also have a ts server that we can go on. -iKreapz


text:
No, Mr. President,
I am no longer with you. I commend you for your valiant efforts and for making such a huge difference in the US and for the world.
I am not going to vote for you this time around due to Lybia and Syria- two illegal invasions and take-overs under your watch. You may or may not be aware that CIA trained a group of Al Qaeda terrorists to storm Tripoli and covertly take over an otherwise great country. Most of or all of the hype about Qadaffi was bullshit. I will give you the benefit of the doubt as many Presidents are unaware of what the M.I.E. is up to such as Bush Sr. as VP in '87 sendin our unit, 2/6 "President's Police Force, to invade Lybia in 1987 illegally, unknown to Congress or President Reagan. Our mission was to test his defenses. It was a suicide mission.
Can't blame ya if you were out of the loop on the take-over of Lybia considering the US presidency becomes just a figure-head position after the first year or two. But you sure did rock n roll while you were able. What did they do? Threaten your wife and children? Glad all are still alive and well.
Another reason I am not willing to vote for ya is because Ross Perot was once again not allowed to debate. What kind of free country is that?
I am considering helping to dismantle the US in lieu of re-establishing America the country rather than the Federal Reserve based United States Corporation, an extremely corrupt facade and cowardly system of oppression and unconscious consumption, out-dated colonialism, control and police actions worldwide.
It is publicly known now that the US Marines have been being used to dictate foreign policy on behalf of heartless, gutless Bankers and war-monderers for decades.
Good luck being free of office and leading as much of normal life as you can when this term is done.
If you can, while still in office, put your backing and support with Ross Perot. Give him a fair chance and a lot of grace will be extended to you.
Also, formally re-instate the Kingdom of Hawai'i as Queen Lilioukalani entrusted the US Presidency with her sovereign nation while she and her country were being illegally overthrown in 1893 by religious zealots, United Christ Church, and greedy business people.
David K. Swendiman
aka Capt. Lakota, New Earth Army
Kaua'i Base Commander
David —My first run for office started way back in 1995. Back then I knocked on doors, stood in front of grocery stores shaking hands, and printed my own flyers at the local copy shop.I haven't won everything I've taken on since then, but I've learned a heck of a lot from the challenges I've faced — and I've never regretted a single fight.
This time, losing just isn't an option. Too much is at stake. Millions of Americans have fought too long and too hard for health care reform, the opportunity for their kids to go to college, and for a steady job with a good wage. But a Romney-Ryan White House would roll back so much of our progress.
Just remember, these are the guys that talk about repealing the Affordable Care Act on their first day in office, taking away a woman's right to make her own health decisions, turning Medicare into a voucher system — and giving huge tax breaks to millionaires and billionaires at the expense of middle-class families.
I am going to do everything in my power to make sure they don't get the chance — but I can't do this alone. If you're waiting for the perfect time to step up and do your part to support this campaign, that's right now. Please take the next step and donate to this campaign.
What you give right now will decide whether we can get enough voters to the polls on November 6th.
So, are you with me?
Or, if you can't chip in today, sign up to volunteer — head on over to Dashboard and get to work in our online field office:
P.S. — When we wake up exactly one month from today, we'll know the outcome of this election. Don't spend that day — and the next four years — wishing you had done more. Donate $5 or more today to have an impact in the time we have left.
Contributions or gifts to Obama for America are not tax deductible This email was sent to: firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Obama for America, P.O. Box 803638, Chicago, IL, 60680


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10 best hotel water slides
Hotel water parks have grown in popularity in recent years, allowing guests to enjoy all the thrills and entertainment of a water park without leaving the comfort and security of their hotel. Hotel comparison website trivago.co.uk has selected ten hotels from around the world boasting the best water slides onsite. Ideal for children and adults alike, these water slides boast picturesque views over beaches and oceans and even through aquariums full of sharks, rays and other marine life. From Hawaii to Dubai, speed down a reconstructed Mayan temple or enjoy twists and turns through tropical landscaped gardens.
1 Atlantis, The Palm, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Atlantis, The Palm is a sprawling 110-acre five-star resort located on Dubai's artificial island of Palm Jumeirah. Since opening in 2008, this unique hotel has captured the world's imagination with its scale and ingenuity, boasting underwater suites, helicopter tours, pristine white beaches, over 20 world-class restaurants and unique marine habitats in the Lost Chambers Aquarium. The incorporated 42-acre Aquaventure Waterpark is renowned as the Middle East and Europe's best water park. Its most celebrated feature is the Ziggurat-shaped Tower of Neptune, where those brave enough can fall over 9 stories in one second before speeding through a tube surrounded by sharks, rays and other marine life.
Rooms available from £198 per night
2 Hard Rock Bali, Kuta, Bali
Hard Rock Bali is Asia's first Hard Rock hotel, appropriately located in the heart of Bali's entertainment and shopping district on the shores of the picturesque Kuta beach. The 418 tribute rooms and suites are fit for a rock star, adorned with guitars, posters and other memorabilia celebrating everything rock and roll from the 50s to late 90s. The hotel boasts the largest free-form swimming pool in Bali, complete with a unique Sand Island, 22 poolside cabanas, a stage for outdoor performances and ample sunbathing space. Families will love the complex of new water slides, which are enough to keep the most active of kids occupied.
Rooms available from £125 per night
3 Ersan Resort & Spa, Bodrum, Turkey
Ersan Resort & Spa is a five-star complex located in a secluded cove just four kilometres from the popular Turkish tourist resort of Bodrum. This all-inclusive hotel boasts no less than ten bars and restaurants, offering a range of Turkish, Italian and Mexican cuisine. Onsite are 395 guest rooms with private balconies, three swimming pools and a private Blue Flag beach equipped with a wooden sunbathing platform. Water-lovers can choose between nine different water slides, including two bowl slides and one half pipe slide. Guests can catch glimpses of the azure Aegean ocean and green pine-covered hills whilst sliding.
Rooms available from £174 per night (all-inclusive)
4 Orlando World Center Marriott, Florida, USA
Orlando is home to some of the world's most popular water parks, including Disney's Typhoon Lagoon and Blizzard Beach, Aquatica and Wet 'n Wild. The Orlando World Center Marriott is a leading resort dedicated to families and businessmen alike, boasting ten restaurants and lounges, an 18-hole championship golf course, a rejuvenating Spa and over 40,000 square metres of meeting and event space. The iconic pool complex has been newly renovated to include poolside dining and an expanded pool deck and lawn surrounded by lush tropical gardens. The new slide tower features two 60-metre winding water slides and one exhilarating 27-metre high-speed slide.
Rooms available from £78 per night
5 The Reef Atlantis, Paradise Island City, Bahamas
Run by the same corporation as Dubai's Atlantis The Palm, Atlantis Paradise Island is a mind-boggling complex of over 3,400 guest rooms and suites, an impressive 40 restaurants, bars and lounges and numerous entertainment options, including an onsite casino, nightclub, live music venue, theatre and comedy club. The resort boasts an impressive five different hotel buildings, including one of the most expensive hotel suites in the world and newest addition The Reef Atlantis, offering luxurious residential-style studios. The astounding 141-acre Aquaventure water park consists of 11 swimming pools and the iconic Mayan temple water slide feature, where guests can race each other on the Challenger Slide.
Rooms available from £234 per night
6 Fodele Beach, Crete, Greece
Fodele Beach & Water Park Holiday Resort boasts a unique beachside location in the quaint and picturesque village of Fodele, on the popular Greek island of Crete. This all-inclusive resort contains 412 spacious rooms and suites, uniquely decorated in a Mediterranean style and featuring either garden or ocean views. Each of the three restaurants offer alfresco dining on their adjoining terraces and a selection of inspired Greek, French and Italian cuisine. The water park is set against a picturesque backdrop of the blue Crete Sea and boasts a variety of slides for adults and children alike.
Rooms available from £137 per night (all-inclusive)
7 Great Wolf Lodge, Niagara Falls, Canada
Great Wolf Resorts are the world's largest chain of indoor water parks and hotels, with 11 resorts throughout the USA and Canada offering water slides, speciality restaurants, arcades and spas. Great Wolf Lodge Niagara Falls is no exception, boasting over 9000 square metres of eight slides, a lazy river, whirlpool hot spas and an indoor wave pool. Guests can choose between tube slides, a water roller coaster big enough for all the family, a bowl slide and two slides descending from the tree house. The hotel offers a variety of spacious and comfortable themed suites, some complete with fireplaces and private hot tubs.
Rooms available from £233 per night
8 Hilton Hawaiian Village, Honolulu, Hawaii
Hilton Hawaiian Village is the only resort destination on the popular Waikiki beach, recently voted the second best beach in America for its wide stretches of white sands and turquoise waters. This 22-acre resort features 22 acres of lush tropical gardens, waterfalls, exotic wildlife, priceless artwork, firework displays and cultural activities such as lei-making and ukulele lessons. Swimmers are spoilt for choice with the unique Duke Kahanamoku saltwater lagoon or one of the hotel's five pools, including an exquisite fourth four mosaic-tiled infinity pool. The Paradise Pool boasts waterfalls, hot tubs, lava rock formations and four water slides, including the longest slide in Waikiki.
9 Ramada Resort Aquaworld Budapest, Hungary
Ramada Resort Budapest incorporates Aquaworld, one of Europe's largest and grandest indoor water theme parks based on a replica of Cambodia's iconic Angkor Wat temple. The 73-metre wide glass dome encloses 11 water slides reaching a total length of almost one kilometre. The tropical atmosphere, suspension bridges and palm trees will make visitors feel like they have been transported to another world. Elsewhere in the resort, the four-star hotel consists of 309 guest rooms and apartments, an Oriental-themed wellness-fitness centre and a choice of elegant buffet and a la carte restaurants and al fresco terraces.
Rooms available from £49 per night
10 Jungle Aqua Park Hotel, Hurghada, Egypt
Jungle Aqua Park Hotel by Pickalbatros is a large all-inclusive holiday destination located just 20 minutes from the popular tourist town of Hurghada, on Egypt's idyllic Red Sea coast. The resort contains the largest water park in Hurghada, boasting an impressive 35 water slides and 14 outdoor swimming pools. Friends can race each other on the group slide, which is the park's largest water slide at 20 metres in height and 70 metres in length. The hotel offers a total of 690 bungalow-style rooms complete with balcony or terrace and a choice of eight different bars and six themed restaurants, from Mediterranean to Asian cuisine.
Rooms available from £117 per night (all-inclusive)
For more information, visit trivago.co.uk.


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Leek — is a perennial herbaceous plant, a vegetable.
The name in Latin — Allium porrum.
The name of the people, «the pearl onions.»
It belongs to the family — Onion (Alliaceae).
View — Onion (Allium)
Homeland vegetables — leeks — from Asia, leeks was in the Mediterranean countries on whose territory now frequently the initial form of the wild leek — Bow grape (Latin: Allium ampeloprasum). The cultural form developed out of it long ago in ancient Egypt was one of the main vegetable plants — leeks. Was known in ancient times, in Greece and Rome. In the Middle Ages it was grown all over Europe.Cultivated leek everywhere — Europe, Mediterranean countries, North America, Western Europe, France.In Russia, the leeks are grown in all areas ovoschevodstvennyh.
Onion, leek lacks bulblets. Stem bow out of the middle of the bulb. Leek leaves linear-lanceolate, the cover has a long nose. Umbrella onion large, spherical, has a whitish perianth, rarely pinkish, leaves a bit rough. Filaments: the length of the perianth, trifid, the middle part of the 2-fold shorter than the base.Blossoms leek: June, July. August, September, ripening fruit.
Leek — biological features:
During the first year of life formed a strong root system, increasing the number of flat and long leaves (40-60 cm), arranged like a fan (alternately), white pseudobulb in length of 10-12 cm in diameter, 2-8 cm, goes into a light-green false stems to a height of 80 cm the second year of flowering stems are formed (arrows) at a height of 2 m and seeds. A flower in a small leek, white-pink and pink, collected in inflorescence — umbrellas, initially closed cover. Cross-pollinated. Seeds of leek 3-sided, slightly wrinkled, externally similar to onion seeds. Germination 2-4 years.
Leek — is cold-resistant crops. Adult plant at hilling or warming peat and sawdust are sometimes hibernates in the conditions of temperature in the middle lane, in the snowy winters. Demanding to moisture, prefer loamy soil and vysokogumusnye. Heavy clay and light sandy soil, and water-logged and sour for the leek is flawed.Propagated leek seeds.Grades leek — Karantansky, Sizokryl.Dangerous for the leek pest — onion fly.
Leek — the chemical composition:
Leek salt contains potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, sulfur and magnesium. In the onion leek is essential oils, the composition of which can be detected sulfur proteins, ascorbic and nicotinic acid, thiamin, riboflavin, carotenes. When storing the bow of ascorbic acid in the bleached part of the increase is greater than 1.5 times.
Leek — the value, use:
In the food consumed leek: the base of the leaves and thick stalk of a false bow.White sweet leek stalk (false stem), young leek leaves have a pleasant taste slaboostry (thinner than the onions), which gives a peculiar flavor of food products. Bulbs and blanched leek stalk is eaten raw, cooked (braised) as a garnish for meat and fish dishes, seasoning for soups, prepared salads, sauces, used in the canning and food industries the concentrate.Healing of the leek known to us even from the distant past. Leek recommend eating in patients with such diseases: gout, rheumatism, scurvy, kidney stones, obesity, mental and physical exhaustion. A large amount of potassium leek shows a diuretic effect. The studies showed that leek secretory function of the gland increases the digestive tract and improves liver function, appetite, improves antisclerotic property. Raw leeks contraindications: inflammatory diseases of the stomach and duodenum.
Leek growing, leek seedlings.
Leek seedlings are growing it, planted it in late February. Seeds of leek seedlings before planting, soak in warm water for 7 days. Then the seeds of leek rack up moisture and swell. Before sowing the seeds of leek seedlings should be well dried up loose states. For cultivation of leek seedlings suitable flower pot. The soil for planting leek should be humus. To adjust the humidity, you need to cover the leek seedlings transparent package, but it should be removed after 2-3 days. For cultivation of leek seedlings should not dive, and if the seeds are planted leek very often, the air temperature should be 22-23 degrees, 10-14 degrees in the shoots, water leek seedlings, be sure to warm water. After 60-70 days of leek seedlings will be ready for planting in the ground. Leek growing on open ground. Leeks are grown for the bleached stalks, he formed the continuous addition of land podsypaniem. This is especially leek growing in open ground. Leek growing like a well-lit place to sour the soil rich in organic fertilizer. Therefore, for leek cultivation suitable soil in which grew cucumbers, beans, cabbage. Planting leeks in neat beds may not yield a good harvest, as the stem is formed at a height of 2-3 cm
Mushrooms with leek. (Leek recipes).
Soup with Leek «in Czech.» (Leek recipes).
Lobio with leek. (Leek recipes).
Leeks with nuts. (Leek recipes).
Consommé with leeks. (Leek recipes).
Leeks in butter. (Leek recipes).
Beef with Leek. (Leek recipes).
Plucky leeks. (Leek recipes).
Leeks with olives. (Leek recipes).
Chorba, and leeks. (Leek recipes).
Cream soup of potatoes and leeks. (Leek recipes).
Salad greens and leeks with mayonnaise. (Leek recipes).
Salad of leeks and garlic. (Leek recipes).
Veal with leeks and radishes. (Leek recipes).
Casserole of meat and leek. (Leek recipes).
Casserole with leek and thyme. (Leek recipes).
Fish cooked in a leek. (Leek recipes).
Roast duck with the addition of the leeks. (Leek recipes).
Salad of leeks and apples. (Leek recipes).
Salad with leek and sauerkraut. (Leek recipes).
Stuffed with cabbage, parsley, leek. (Leek recipes).
Stuffed cabbage with rice and leeks. (Leek recipes).
Salad of fennel and leeks. Salads. (Leek recipes).
Flan of leeks and «surimi». (Leek recipes).
Salad with cabbage, leeks and carrots. Salads. (Leek recipes).
Bean soup with spinach and leeks. Soups. (Leek recipes).
Mackerel with onion, leek and egg baked. Fish. (Leek recipes).
Risotto with leek. Risotto. (Leek recipes).
Stuffed cabbage, leeks meat and greens. Stuffed. (Leek recipes).
Stuffed cabbage, leeks meat and rice. Stuffed. (Leek recipes).
Stuffed cabbage, leeks, and chicken. Stuffed. (Leek recipes).
Stuffed cabbage, leeks and basil. Stuffed. (Leek recipes).
Salad of oranges and leeks. Salads. (Leek recipes).
Cabbage salad with leek, lofant, carrots. Salads. (Leek recipes).
Pork loin with carrot and leek. Salads. (Leek recipes).
Salad. Beans and leeks. Salads. (Leek recipes).
Cold soup of Losev varieties of fish with leek. Soups. (Leek recipes).
Cold soup of leek. Soups. (Leek recipes).


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The shelf life of your food storage is affected by many things, perhaps most important are temperature, moisture, atmosphere, and containment.
Here's more detail…
Temperature greatly affects food storage life.
Based on the Q10 temperature coefficient formula 'Rule of 10',
For every 10 degrees C, shelf life will halve or double (hotter-cooler).
For every 18 degrees F, shelf life will halve or double (hotter-cooler).
An example of the general relationship of food storage shelf life with temperature:
Generally, stated food shelf life is referenced to room temperature, 22°C (72°F).
90°F (half the stated shelf life)
54°F (double the stated shelf life)
We learn from this how important it is to store your long-term food supplies in the coolest place possible; as in a basement, etc..
Temperature vs. Food Storage Shelf Life
Moisture Content
For long term storage, drier is better. The drier the food and the drier the environment, the longer the shelf life – to a point…
For example, grains should maintain a moisture content of 10% or less. Commercially dried foods easily achieve these levels.
Be aware of the likelihood that typical home dehydrated foods might not result in the same moisture levels as from commercially dried foods, and therefore may not last as long. As a rule of thumb, dried foods with 10% or less moisture will snap easily and are very brittle.
Unless the food is packaged in air-tight containment, then the moisture from the environment will work it's way in over time and reduce it's shelf life.
Earth's atmosphere contains about 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Oxygen oxidizes many of the compounds in food and reduces it's shelf life over time.
Bacteria, one of several agents which make food go rancid also needs oxygen to grow.
For maximum shelf life, foods should be stored in an oxygen free environment.
Oxygen absorbers dropped into a sealed container or a Mylar bag is common practice for long-term food storage. When the oxygen within the sealed container is absorbed, what remains is 99% pure nitrogen in a partial vacuum – a good atmospheric condition for food storage.
Note that it is important that the container you are using must be able to hold an air-tight seal over time.
To get the best storage life for most food products, the product container must have a hermetic (air tight) seal, and ideally be opaque or stored away from sunlight. Common methods used include vacuum sealed bags, sealed cans or jars, sealed food storage buckets, and sealed Mylar bags.
If using 5-gallon plastic buckets, be sure that they are rated 'food grade'. Remember that just because a bucket is HDPE #2 does not necessarily mean that it is food grade.
Safe Plastics for Food and Drink


text:
Cheap Luggage Storage near Museum Quarter & Leidseplein
Hobbemakade, 1071XK Amsterdam
Luggage Storage | Available now
About this listing
Inside a specialized weightlifting gym and personal training studio you can drop off your bags and suitcases in a secure storage space for a fair price. We are located close to the Rijksmuseum, van Gogh Museum and Leidseplein.
We have 1.5m³ available, enough space for 10 big suitcases. Behind a locked door, your luggage will be safe. Because of this reason, the drop-off and pick-up times are limited. Here are the times you can pick up or drop off your bags:
- Monday: 08:00-12:00 & 18:00-22:30h
- Tuesday: 07:00-09:00 & 13:00-22:30h
- Wednesday: 08:00-13:00 & 18:00-22:30h
- Thursday: 07:00-09:00 & 13:00-22:30h
- Friday: 08:00-12:00 & 18:00-2230h
- Saturday: 10:00-12:00
- Sunday: 10:00-12:00
If you want to request another time, feel free to send a message and we will reply as soon as possible.
Since we are specialised in strength training, our employees will be able to help you lift your heavy bags easily!
More info
Djeepo is the sharing economy platform for luggage storage and self-storage. You can safely store your belongings at reliable businesses or people who have extra storage space.
This luggage storage location requires you to send a reservation request. This host will usually approve your request within a couple of hours. If you want to store your luggage NOW, check out these nearby instantly bookable luggage storage locations:
Luggage Storage Amsterdam de Pijp
Best Priced Luggage Storage Amsterdam Center Herengracht
This luggage storage location in the center of Amsterdam is personally verified by Djeepo.


text: This article originally appeared in 2020 Mom's 'Emerging Considerations'. My story The first time my son nursed, it was painful, but I was prepared for it. I'd never breastfed an infant before, and I knew there would be a learning curve. What I didn't expect was to find a bruised, blistered nipple when he unlatched…. Read more »


text: Make Your Summer A Success Avoiding Stress The transition from school to the unstructured days of summer can be stressful. It is a known fact that kids thrive on structure. Incorporating a schedule during the summer months allows you to enjoy your time together as a family and be more productive. The sooner that a summer schedule is considered, the sooner that everyone will start to plan – or at least become accustomed to the idea. Objectives Prepare Books Make a Schedule Plan Regular Activities Set Expectations Activities to Keep Child Engaged Prevent Brain Drain Prepare Research camps and activities for your children in the spring and begin to formulate your plan. Check your local parks and recreation office. Most cities have loads of activities during the summer months. Check with your local library. Ask about Extended School Year (ESY) programs or talk with your child's teacher about his or her suggestions. It is also a good idea to involve your child in the planning if possible by talking about summer break, and reading books about summer. Prepare with Books Books are helpful tools in educating your child about the summer transition and preparing for upcoming events. For younger children, picture books help illustrate plans for the summer. For older children, read books about summer and summer activities. Picture Books The Night Before Summer Vacation by Natasha Wing How I Spent My Summer Vacation by Mark Teague Go Go America by Dan Yaccarino Last Day Blues by Julie Danneberg A Couple of Boys Have The Best Week Ever by Marla Frazee To Be Like the Sun By Susan Marie Swanson Monkey and Me by Emily Gravett Reading Books The Aurora County All Stars by Deborah Wiles The Life and Crimes of Bernetta Wallflower by Lisa Graff Violet Bing and the Grand House by Jennifer Paros Greetings from Nowhere by Barbara O'Connor Moxy Maxwell Does Not Love Stuart Little by Peggy Gifford Make a Schedule To help create a routine, develop a daily visual schedule to support summer-long responsibilities (e.g. watering plants) and activities. Set times for these activities to occur. If your child responds better to visual information, you can use photos or drawings to come up with a schedule, reminders or rules. Post your schedule in a prominent location. Regular Activities You want to identify the activities that happen the same way, each day (e.g. every morning we get ready for our day by doing…) You can also repeat field trips each week (e.g. every Tuesday we go to swimming lessons) Create a sense of familiarity by selecting activities that require similar skills, but happen in different locations (e.g. we are going to practice our table manners at home, at Uncle Bob's house and at Chili's) Set Expectations Talk with your child about what they will do, how long they'll do it, how they will know when they are finished. What will happen once the activity is completed. Your child should be able to see and study the summer schedule. Plan for Unexpected Changes You want to let your child know that there will be instances when there will be changes in the schedule. Talk with him or her about the circumstances that might impact your plans. For instance, "On Friday, you see on the schedule we plan to go to the beach. One thing that might cause us to change our plans is rain. If it rains on Friday, we may want to go to the movies instead." Activities Get them involved in an activity or sport. Baseball, karate lessons, or whatever they like to do. Don't overlook volunteer opportunities in the community, there are lots of organizations out there that could really use a little help here and there over the summer. Give them chores. Younger kids can help set the table for dinner, young adults can take out the trash or weed the garden. Chores are a great way to teach responsibility and respect. Activities Cooking and baking is a great way to introduce measurements and encourage children to try new foods. Kids are more likely to eat what they cook. Let summer break be a time for learning home economics by involving them in your everyday duties. Grocery shopping can become a classroom full of mathematics. Plan play dates with other kids. Prevent Brain Drain Kids seem to forget much of what was just taught to them the year before in school. Why not take some time each day to study up on what they will be learning in the next year. Or take some time to go over what they have already learned. Continue reading with your children at least 30 min. a night. Television Don't let them veg out in front of the TV all summer. Use the parental controls on the TV which most cable and satellite companies provide as a part of their service. This includes the ability to control the number of hours your child can watch per day and what they watch. Encourage your child to watch the discovery channel and history channel. Work Books Have your child complete a page of math review (for example) every day. Try trading pages from the workbook (or comparable practice available online) for extra TV or video game time. Forcing your child to use those skills will help prevent him or her from losing them, and even a little bit of DAILY practice can be very effective. www.theteachersguide.com free printable worksheets Library Take your children to the library. Nothing helps kids improve their reading like practice, and during the summer they have tons of time to read. APPS The Ruckus Reader: The latest from Ruckus Media Group, Ruckus Reader is the first library of mobile apps to deliver learning assessment and interactive educational content seamlessly, turning screen time into valuable learning time. Every week the parent is email a progress report. Barefoot World Atlas: This is an interactive 3D globe for iPad that invites children to explore the regions and countries of the world. Baseball Mc Graw-Hill 1-6 Facts: Hooks kids by using baseball to practice math facts. Math Girl Addition House Ready to Print: Help support kids with prewriting skills www.commonsensemedia.org This site is a great tool for finding quality resources.


text:
Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr acknowledges that South Africa's apartheid and gender discrimination legacy has adversely impacted on the legal profession and has inhibited access to both the profession and legal services.
We face the challenge of transformation and empowerment head on. We are a truly South African law firm where transformation is about living our values and principles.
We aspire to be a firm:


text:
Plans to build 425 new homes on land near Burton Green have been revealed.
Developers Crest Nicholson aim to formally submit two planning applications to Warwick District Council in June, with one for outline permission to build the homes off Westwood Heath Road, and another detailed application for 131 homes in the first phase of the plans.
If the plans are accepted, the development would cover the houses needed on that site for Warwick District's Local Plan - 425 houses have been earmarked to be built there by 2029.
Coventry city councillor David Skinner, whose ward is affected by the plans, raised concerns about the likely increase in traffic, especially when combined with other developments in the area such as HS2 and at Warwick University.
He said: "So many major developments are going on in the area, and while I fully understand the need for more housing, my great concern is traffic.
"Every single person I spoke to at the consultation was worried about traffic, but the answer I kept getting from developers was 'we're working on it.'
"We know extra housing is needed, and Crest Nicholson have been totally cooperative, but we don't know how this traffic will be dealt with."
In their plans posted online, Crest Nicholson said the homes will feel part of both Burton Green and Coventry. They added: "The new community facilities and benefits that the site brings will be available to the nearby local residents, and the proposals will be sympathetic to the setting of the site.
Crest Nicholson are having their own consultation on the plans before they submit them formally.
Anyone wishing to view the plans can click here and send their thoughts on the plans to email@example.com


text:
This week we had some bad news that could potentially wipe out a lot of progress that our group of Nigerian refugees has made over the last year. The brother and sister lawyer duo from Caritas, who I really have come to love, did not answer my multiple emails and texts saying that group members were not able to convince immigration officers at the police station that they no longer needed to show passports from their home country to renew their stay permits. Then I got the email. It turns out the very sensible decision of the judge in Palermo, which stated that refugees should not be required to show passports from the countries they are fleeing, does not have any weight in Tuscany. Therefore, Freedom's, Peace's, and Widom's mothers will all have big challenges to face to renew their stay permits or to get documents for the babies.
It really knocked the air out of me when the reality sunk in. Do I have to get these folks vaccinated, get them airline tickets, get them home safely??
I had to call everyone. We made arranagements to bring train fare to Cool and Jennifer tomorrow so that they can go to the embassy in Rome on Monday to find out whether there is any amount of money in the world that would allow them to get a passport for Jennifer who lost hers years ago. Nigerians use a lot of different names and pseudonyms so sometimes they don't even know what name to search under or their own birthdays. Cool has been waiting for his renewal since last November, and he is hoping to finally get to pick up his passport booklet five months later.
Peace's mom has already been turned away from the embassy in Rome and thinks that she will now have to go back to Nigeria to get her passport in time to renew her documents next year. The lawyers say that if they can prove that their requests are rejected by the Nigerian embassy they can then qualify to get the Italian equivalent, which is called the titolo di viaggio. I am sure that on paper, what the lawyers are saying is true. But, unfortunately, the reality of the situation when you are at the police station or the embassy is often quite different.
Luckily, an American friend's mom wrote just yesterday to see if she could donate any money to the group. However, we have no idea how much this whole situation will cost financially or logistically or even if it can be resolved.
F helped me to make these photo books that my two middle school English students posed for to illustrate the use of prepositions. They seemed to have fun making the book, and I can't wait to show them the finished laminated copies. F also printed two copies for us to bring to baby Peace and baby Wisdom as their first board books. We are going to go by tomorrow with a mother named Stefania who I met in the piccoli aiutanti group and her friend Theresa, who is a researcher from Pace University that has done a lot of work in the area of childhood education and refugees. Job has had the same fever that Emmanuel had last week, so I don't know if we will get to see Peace.
Emmanuel cancelled his Italian lesson with me this week because today was the funeral of the woman who raised him in Nigeria and he wanted to be alone. Paul couldn't come either because the restaurant was crowded, but next week I am going to try to do a lesson for both of them together. F brought Emmanuel to the questura/police station again Wednesday, along with some homemade sourdough chocolate bread, but his permesso still wasn't ready to be picked up. I couldn't come because I was busy getting my students at Fabio Perini to narrate a video in English that showed a converting line they used in 2005. I know more about embossing, log saws, rollers, and folding machine configurations than your normal, every day human. It is hard for me to believe I learned all of that stuff and it was not to pass a test or even to win over a cute engineering major. I can be very type A when I want to be.
T is Type A, as well. She got a 10 on her physics test this week, I'll have you know. She seems to range in happiness levels from very miserable to slightly miserable with an edge of upbeat deadpan humor. I am feeling so so about all of my life choices and their impact on people I love. But I think this is normal for families with SAT age people in their homes. Isn't it? ISN'T IT?


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Francois Smit multi-million luxury estate
Francois Smit is the owner of a multi-million luxury Longlands Estate. In 2008 he promised his farm workers to improve their living conditions on his farm. Instead of developing the housing conditions for his workers, he planned to open his next multi-million development in February 2017. The Women on Farms Project is going to support these women to get their rights for a human rights friendly living instead of getting another million complex in the Stellenbosch surrounding.
In response to a request from farm dwellers on Longlands farm, with whom we have been working, a community meeting was planned for 7 February. One day before the planned meeting we received a letter from Van Wyk Fouchee, lawyers of owner, Francois Smit, threatening "to take further legal steps" against us if we "follow through with the gathering". This illustrates how owners/farmers restrict farm dwellers' rights of association. It is shameful that a wealthy individual like Francois Smit should have such power and control over the lives of "his" poor workers and dwellers.
At the 16.02.2017 is the planned opening day. For this day Francois Smit hired private security and lawyers to try to prevent the community from protesting for the housing he promised in 2008. Nevertheless WFP started a peaceful demonstration. During the day Women on Farms and some community members from Longlands received letters from the lawyer of Francois Smit trying to prevent our right to demonstrate by threatening to interdict us. By 17.00, WFP and their supporters were all back on the picket line.
At the 1.03.2017 WFP went to the high court to adress this problem. The result was that the case was postponed to Friday, 10 March.
A victory for WFP and the Longlands community as Judge Desai suspended the order (interdict) pending a return date! Aluta continua! A big thank you to Sheldon and Wilmien from the LRC. Amandla awethu!
After Francois Smit's interim interdict to prevent the community's right to lawful protest was suspended in the High Court, the community have vowed to have daily pickets outside his BP garage. Mr Smit and his expensive teams of lawyers and advocates should note that the Gatherings Act allows pickets of 15 or fewer people without giving notice. So WFP are going to continue the peaceful demonstrations on the picket line.


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Purchasing a Guitar
When buying your first guitar, there are several "do's" and don't's" that your should follow. If you're not sure, bring a friend along who plays guitar to give you advice along the way...
DO: buy your guitar at a local, independantly owned music store. You will be contributing to your local economy, helping local musicians make a living, and preventing some non-musician in a suit in a high rise building (who outsourced his factory to China and pays his workers 17 cents an hour) from making his bonus.
DO: buy a case! and a shoulder strap! and a dozen picks! and two sets of spare strings! and a metronome. AND PLEASE, FOR PETE"S SAKE, GET YOURSELF AN INEXPENSIVE ELECTRONIC TUNER!
DO NOT: buy your guitar from a chain store, or GOD FORBID an on-line or mail order outlet. ALWAYS play the guitar that your are considering before buying it. Would you buy a car you've never driven?
Checking the intonation: you'll need an electronic tuner for this. Tune the E string so that it is exactly in tune according to the electronic tuner. Now play a 12th fret note on that same E string. Does the 12th fret note register on the tuner as exactly in tune? Or is it slightly off? If it is exactly in tune, the guitar has good intonation. If it is not in tune, put that guitar back where you found it and find a different one.
Sighting down the neck: hold your guitar like a cello. Close one eye and look down the edge of the fretboard, from the first fret all the way to the 21st fret. The fretboard should have a slightly convex curve (bowl-like). The curve should be gradual across the full length of the fretboard, not across part of it. If the neck is perfectly straight, or is concave, the notes may buzz when you play it. Are there any frets that stick up higher than the rest? If so, that note may buzz.
Play all the notes: Play each note on the instrument one at a time. Do they all sound as clear as a bell? Or do some of the notes sound fuzzy, muffled, or buzzy? Play every fret on every string to find out.
I wish I had a nickel for each time a student showed me a cool looking guitar in a mail order magazine, only to order it and receive an unplayable, warped instrument. Don't be that person! Buy a guitar that you've held and played in your own hands!
What about a used guitar? Buying a used guitar is like buying a used car - you know there is something wrong with it that the seller isn't telling you, and that's why he wants to get rid of it! Robbs Music in Boulder has Brand New Epiphone acoustics for $75, so trying to save money on a used instrument does not make sense. The top reason I steer people away from a used instrument is playability. If you give a beginner a guitar that is difficult to play (the strings are hard to press down, it gives them blisters), the student will walk away from their first guitar experience saying that it was painful, unpleasant, impossible, frustrating, etc... But, hand them a nylon string guitar that is easy to play, and they will enjoy making sounds with very little effort, and no discomfort.
Andy's Recommendations:
All of the following instruments can be purchased through your LOCALLY OWNED FRIENDLY NEIGHBORHOOD music store, Robbs Music. You can read more at their website: www.robbsmusic.com
Recommended Electric Guitar for Kids and Teens: "3/4 Size" Fender Squire Package, comes with amp, cable, strings, strap, picks, etc...
Recommended Electric Guitar for Adults: "Full Size" Fender Squire Package, comes with amp, cable, strings, strap, picks, etc...
Recommended Acoustic Guitar for Kids and Teens: "1/2 or 3/4 Size" Fender Jasmine Nylon String Guitar.
Recommended Acoustic Guitar for Adults: Arts & Lutherie Nylon String "Parlor" sized guitar.


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Prisoner 24653 wrote:The first: though I don't know much German (and most of what I do know comes from lyrics for musicals; ), there was a bit in the German translation of AHFOL that I found rather sweet. For the "Cosette! I don't know what to say..." / "Then make no sound." bit, they translate it as "Cosette! Ein Name wie ein Lied." / "Ein Lied für dich." ("Cosette! A name like a song." / "A song for you.") I found that rather lovely.
Gee, I had actually typed up a thing about the German lyrics and it had been sitting somewhere in my computer for sooooo long that I somehow completely forgot about it! This translation was so sweet indeed and was actually what made me write that draft in the first place. Just want to add that for the next lines I actually prefer "I am lost / I am found" to "Meinst du mich / ewig dich" so whenever I'm playing Les Mis in my head, Marius and Cosette would sing "Cosette, such fine name like a song / A song for you / I am lost / I am found"
In Confrontation, Valjean and Javert's last line is "Ich schwör es dir, bei meinem Blut" (This I swear to you by my blood). The first few times I heard the line I couldn't help but think this confrontation would be really interesting with Tanz alumni as Valjean and Javert, lol
Prisoner 24653 wrote:And for the second thing I noticed: Has anyone else ever had an experience where you find a bit that uses the same lyrics as a line in another show, and it affects the way you perceive the song? I've had a few of those -- "Die Musik der Dunkelheit" comes up in the Viennese lyrics for "Music of the Night" in Phantom, and also in the lyrics for "Fresh Blood" in the Swiss production of Wildhorn's Dracula; and I can't heir "Sei(d) bereit" in any context without thinking immediately of Tanz der Vampire. So where does Les Mis come into this? When I was listening to one of the Japanese recordings, I noticed that in the ABC Café scene, Feuilly's line near the beginning ("At Rue de Bac they're straining at the leash") is translated as "Dare ni mo tomerarenai" ("They/we can't be stopped by anyone") -- the same as the way they translated the line "I think I'll try defying gravity" in Wicked. So now I'm imagining Feuilly in the English version running into the Café and singing "I think I'll try defying gravity!" to the same tune as his intended line in that scene.
Ah, and to answer 23623's question about how "Damn their warnings, damn their lies" is done in other languages... The Japanese version makes it:
"Keikoku wa uso da! Shimin wa tatsu zo!" ("Their warnings are all lies! The citizens will rise!")
I'm so glad that I'm not the only one with the "sei bereit" problem! Also I keep singing "In 1832 to love me was her doom" even though I know it is supposed to be 1732. Gosh when can my two favorite musicals stop ruining each other... Off topic but seeing TdV cast members in Les Mis (and vise versa) always gives me strange feelings. Krolockvert Suicides remind me of "Gier", and I can totally picture Alfreds who grow up and become Enjolrases singing "Für Patria", lol!
Hahaha I like the idea of green Feuilly! "Feuille" actually means "leaf" in French right? I guess that sort of...fits?
Is it weird that I still hear "DOWN their warnings" on every recording? On the topic of swearings, do they appear in foreign Les Mis lyrics too? Doesn't have to be the "damn their warnings" line. I'm just curious.
Random discovery: just found that Argentine Valjeans got "24602" (dos cuatro seis cero dos) as the prisoner number. Sounds better than "24601" (dos cuatro seis cero uno) but still kind of awkward. Does anyone know what the number was in other Spanish-language productions? I only know the really awkward 24601 in the original Madrid production, this less awkward 24602, and 23623 in the Madrid revival.
Sorry for the long post btw!


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A new agreement between the South Devon AONB Partnership and the planning authorities administering land in the AONB was adopted in February 2011. The Society put forward a number of recommendations, not all of which were accepted. The text is below.
Protocol for AONB Unit Involvement in Planning and Development Control Issues
The South Devon Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty was designated by Government in 1960;
The primary statutory purpose of an AONB is the conservation and enhancement of its natural beauty;
All public bodies are under a statutory duty to have regard for the purpose of conserving and enhancing the natural beauty of the AONB when exercising or conducting any functions affecting land in the AONB (note 1);
The South Devon AONB has four planning authorities. (98.02% of the AONB lies in the South Hams/Devon County administrative area; 1.95% lies in Torbay; and 0.03% lies in Plymouth City);
Planning policy
Government has confirmed that AONBs share with National Parks the same highest status of protection through the planning system in relation to landscape and scenic beauty, and that their landscape qualities are equivalent (2) ;
The current planning policies for AONBs are set out in:
County Structure Plan Policy CO3: In designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, the conservation and enhancement of their natural beauty will be given priority over other considerations. Within these areas, development will only be provided for where it would support their conservation or enhancement or would foster their social and economic well-being provided that such development is compatible with their conservation. Particular care will also be taken to ensure that any development proposed adjacent to such areas does not damage their natural beauty (3);
South Hams Core Strategy Policy CS9: In designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty their conservation and enhancement will be given great weight. On sites outside Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty…development would not be permitted which would damage their natural beauty, character and special qualities, or prejudice achievement of their designated purposes (4).
On average, a thousand planning applications are made for developments in the South Devon AONB each year. Only a small proportion of these have a significant impact; however the cumulative impact of small developments can have a significant impact on a locality over time;
A 2007 study (5) indicated that the South Devon AONB had the second highest proportion of land designated as urban of all the 35 English AONBs and the highest rate of loss of greenfield land to development;
The AONB Partnership
The care of the South Devon AONB is co-ordinated and overseen by a Partnership Committee comprising local and statutory authorities and community representatives.
An AONB staff unit is employed to act on behalf of the AONB Partnership. South Hams District Council acts as employing and host authority of the AONB Staff Unit on behalf of the AONB Partnership.
The AONB Partnership oversees the publication of the statutory Management Plan, which sets out the special qualities and management policies for the South Devon AONB. The Plan is available in hard copy and on the AONB website (6).
The AONB Partnership also hosts an Estuaries Steering Group and the South Devon AONB Estuaries Officer, and produces a series of Estuary Management Plans.
The role of the AONB Staff Unit in planning and development issues
The AONB Unit is not a statutory consultee in the planning process. However, the AONB Unit is entitled to comment on any planning application or matter affecting the AONB and there is an expectation that the AONB Unit will contribute to the shaping of development policies and to the consideration of significant development proposals.
The AONB Unit, acting on behalf of the AONB Partnership, will therefore:
seek to make a positive contribution to regional, local and unitary planning policies affecting the AONB through the development plan process;
provide constructive advice and information relating to development proposals and planning policy in response to requests from planning authorities;
comment on individual development proposals in cases where they would have a significant impact on the character of the AONB or where they could be perceived as establishing an important precedent for future applications.
In considering planning policies and individual applications, the AONB Unit's main concern will be the primary purpose of the statutory designation of the AONB – the conservation and enhancement of the natural beauty of the landscape. However, in forming a view, the Manager will also bear in mind the desirability of fostering the economic and social well-being of local communities where this is compatible with the conservation of the AONB. Any representations made by the AONB Unit will be based on the objectives and policies contained in the AONB Management Plan.
The estuaries are included within the AONB boundary and are subject to an extensive range of additional conservation designations. The AONB Estuaries Officer will therefore comment on wildlife and habitat implications of development proposals affecting the foreshore and inshore waters, in addition to landscape and visual considerations.
The Planning Authorities
The Planning Authorities will:
continue to give the AONB the highest status of protection in relation to landscape and scenic beauty, through the exercise of their planning functions, and to reflect this in appropriate planning policies.
involve the AONB Unit as a consultee in the process of revising and producing Local Development Framework plans (or any equivalent plans following changes to planning legislation).
consult the AONB Unit on any significant development proposals affecting the character of the AONB (whether sited inside the AONB or in the areas closely adjoining it) as defined below, as early in the planning process as possible.
Significant Developments
The AONB Unit would normally expect to be consulted on development proposals in the AONB or within close proximity to the boundary, which fall into the following categories. This is not an exhaustive list, and other proposals may be relevant.
Residential Development:
• outside development boundaries: applications involving three or more dwellings (or, where the number of dwellings is not indicated, the site area is 0.2 hectares or greater), including sites specifically allocated for residential use in an approved plan;
• inside development boundaries: applications involving major development which will have a significant impact on the wider area;
• conversions of agricultural buildings.
Recreation and outdoor sporting facilities:
• tourist accommodation (caravans, camping and the provision of self-catering and other holiday accommodation)
• new lakes, ponds, golf courses, off-road vehicle courses and other significant landscape features;
• horse related development.
Employment development and agricultural development (including pre-notification applications:
• non-residential/business development generally involving more than 500 square metres of floor space, or where the site area is one hectare or more.
• large or isolated new agricultural buildings; farm access tracks and associated infrastructure.
Minerals and waste disposal:
• new or extended operational areas, or the restoration of old or existing sites;
• reviews of old mineral permissions.
• public car parks;
• new roads;
• significant water resource or sewage treatment facilities;
• wind turbines, commercial-scale solar arrays, and other visually prominent renewable energy installations.
Utilities (including pre-notification applications):
• energy transmission infrastructure such as overhead electricity lines, cross-country pipelines or similar installations;
• telecommunications masts and towers.
Seashore and estuary developments:
• all proposals having immediate impact on the foreshore or inshore waters, including jetties, slipways, boathouses etc;
• coast defences.
Environmental impact assessments:
• including scoping requests.
Any other development proposals which:
• by virtue of their particular characteristics (e.g. prominent site, location or design), or because of their cumulative impact, are likely to have a significant effect on the landscape or special character of the AONB;
• would affect currently undeveloped and remote areas of coastline and estuaries and prominent skylines;
• would impact on popular recreational trails such as the South West Coast Path and estuary trails in the AONB, whether by affecting the route of the trail itself or the quality of experience for users of the trails.
The planning authority will:
a) Consult the AONB Office at an early stage during the process of revising and producing Local Development Framework documents affecting the AONB;
b) Refer relevant planning applications to the AONB Unit for comment, identifying those likely to have a significant impact at the validation stage;
c) Consider involving the AONB Unit in pre-application discussions where it considers that the scale or impact of a development is likely to be particularly significant;
d) Supply sufficient details about the submitted application to enable informed comments to be made;
e) If no substantive response is received within the deadline set out in the consultation letter, conclude that the AONB Unit has no comments to make on a proposal;
f) Record and treat a written comment the AONB Unit as a representation from an outside body, rather than as an internal officer comment;
g) Send copies of decision notices and any subsequent appeal decisions, to the AONB Unit in relation to applications it has commented on.
The AONB Unit will:
a) Scan the listings of registered planning applications to identify any significant ones requiring AONB Office input;
b) In consultation with the appropriate case officers or landscape officer, arrange site visits and make any written comments on planning consultations;
c) Refer to the relevant AONB Management Plan objective or policy applicable to the development in any comments made;
d) Relate comments to relevant LDF planning policies;
e) Explain to those who lobby the AONB Unit for comments on particular applications that it will only do so where there is likely to be a significant impact on the landscape character of the AONB (8).
f) Confirm that comments made are those of the AONB Unit in its professional capacity and not of the AONB Partnership collectively;
g) Attend appeals or inquiries only where previous AONB comments have been made on the application which is the subject of the appeal/inquiry.
This protocol will be reviewed on or before September 2011, and revised as appropriate.
Adopted with amendments February 2011.
1 Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, Section 85.
2 Government Planning Policy Statement 7 Sustainable Development In Rural Areas, para 21 Nationally Designated Areas.
3 Devon Structure Plan 2001-16 Policy CO3 Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
4 South Hams LDF Core Strategy Policy CS9 Landscape and Historic Environment.
5 Land use change indicators for protected areas and tabulations. This report was prepared for Natural England by the Department of Town and Regional Planning, University of Sheffield, December 2007.
6 See www.southdevonaonb.org.uk – publications page – for the AONB Management Plan
7 As a small staff team, there will be occasions when the AONB Unit will be unable to respond to consultations because of the range of other projects, activities and casework going on at any time.
8 The AONB Manager will not be concerned with applications, or aspects of applications, which it regards as relating solely to the private interests of an individual or group of individuals. Even on matters of public interest, it may decide to leave extensive comment to bodies or organisations better placed to provide it.


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Into the Vortex
3 hours ago
We see offspring who slowly substitute themselves for their parents by resorbing them; elsewhere, we see parents decompose in their children. We witness organs of propulsion becoming jaws, an eye passing from one side to the other or fusing to the one next to it; in some, all the organs disappear. While some young begin with identical forms, they grow into adults who look nothing like each other. So wildly different are the stages in such a species that if one does not closely monitor their transformations, one could easily be fooled into believing these two individuals are not even related. Indeed, a dully coloured, carnivorous larva might grow into a dazzling coloured vegetarian who, when fully grown, no longer has a mouth and fasts until death.
The law of magic, Things that have once touched each other stay united, corresponds to the principle of association by contiguity, just as the principle of association by similarity precisely corresponds to the attractio similium of magic: Like produces like. Hence, identical principles govern, on the one hand, the subjective association of ideas and, on the other, the objective association of phenomena; that is, on the one hand, the chance or supposedly chance links between ideas and, on the other, the causal links between phenomena.
exactly the opposite. It should be realised that the point is not to explain certain puzzling facts observed in nature in terms of man. On the contrary, it is to explain man (governed by the laws of this same nature, to which he belongs in almost every respect) in terms of the more general behavioural forms found widespread in nature throughout most species. This attitude prompts one to greatly vary the principles of biological explanation and to assert that nature (which is no miser) pursues pleasure, luxury, exuberance, and vertigo just as much as survival.
Implicit in the typical objects of the Wunderkammern that drew nature and art together in mutual emulation - the landscape veined in marble, the mechanical duck that swam and quacked, the nautilus shell garlanded in gold - was a personification of nature as an elevated kind of artisan. She (for the personification of nature was traditionally and invariably feminine) was neither Aristotle's humble maker of mundane, functional objects like beds and ships, not the creative, almost divine artist exalted by the Neoplatonic art theory of the Italian Renaissance. Rather, she was the creator of luxury items, as elaborate as they were useless, combining costly materials with fine craftsmanship. Like the goldsmith, the ivory turner, and the painter of miniatures, she was freed from the demands of utility. The virtuoso artisan could play with form and matter, just as nature occasionally "sported" with her ordinary species and regularities.Caillois, like Breton and the Surrealists, was well aware that a rationalist view of nature is an incomplete one, that there's no reason why we should be able to fully comprehend the universe. To attribute to nature a drab utilitarianism based on "the struggle for survival" is a form of anthropomorphism. He argued that "[t]he time has come to invoke 'motives' that are just as pressing on a universal scale, such as profusion, play, ivresse, and even aesthetics, or at least the need for ornament and decoration."
Above all, those beliefs in the habits and miraculous properties of animals which scientific research had by then shown to be unfounded, are still stubbornly reiterated. Evidently the results of scientific investigation could not be totally ignore; but the rational explanation… is usually confined to a few grudging lines at the end of each description. The effort to maintain the greatest possible sense of mystery and wonder is quite apparent. In the same town, and at the same time as [the physician and biologist Marcello] Malpighi was subjecting the vegetable world to microscopic examination, it did not even occur to Cospi to open up a dried Ethiopian fruit to discover the nature of its interior, although the catalogue notes that the fruit rattled when shaken. He still clung to a method of enquiry based largely on vague supposition rather than dissection and empirical analysis.