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I'm writing you from Novosibirsk. I have driven around several collective farms [kolkhozes] and consider it necessary to inform you about a few items. I was in various kolkhozes--not productive and relatively unproductive ones, but everywhere there was only one sight--that of a huge shortage of seed, famine, and extreme emaciation of livestock.
In the kolkhozes which I observed I attempted to learn how much the livestock had diminished in comparison with the years 1927-28. It turns out that kolkhoz Ziuzia has 507 milch cows at present while there were 2000 in '28; kolkhoz Ust'-Tandovskii collectively and individually has 203 head, earlier they had more than 600; kolkhoz Kruglo-Ozernyi at present has 418 head of beef cattle and 50 held by kolkhozniks, in 1928 there were 1800 head; kolkhoz Goldoba collectively and individually has 275 head, in 1929 there were 1000 plus head, this kolkhoz now has 350 sheep, in 1929 there were 1500. Approximately the same correlations were found also in the kolkhozes Ol'gino and Novo-Spasski.
The raion which I visited (Barabinskii) is known for its butter export, but even in the other raions of Western Siberia the decline of livestock farming during this period is not much smaller.
These are facts that I myself checked, and on this basis I think that the data in the general census recently carried out by Gosplan significantly embellish the real picture.
The situation of the kolkhoz livestock farms is a bad one, primarily because of lack of feed. Milk production has reached extremely low levels of 1, 2 or 3 liters per day instead of the 5-7 liters normal for this region in a high-yield year [crossed out: "as noted by kolkhozniks and individual farmers"]. The poor condition of the livestock cannot be blamed on poor care or poor labor organization since in most of the kolkhozes I visited, the situation in terms of care and labor organization, relatively speaking, is not bad (although it could be much better), but in any case it is im- measurably better than in the butter-producing state farms [sovkhozes] of the raion, which I also visited.
And so, undoubtedly, if the collectivized livestock is sufficiently fed every year, we can increase greatly the yield of commodity production, but this still does not remedy the situation, in that the sovkhozes and kolkhozes will not be able to meet the needs of the country for meat and butter in the next 2-3 years, and I think it is now necessary, when the socialistic sector of the villages has been strengthened, to speed up the growth of livestock farming in the private households of the kolkhozniks and individual farmers. The resolution of the Central Committee forbidding collectivization of the last cow is somewhat of a plus in this regard, but this is not the main issue. The main issue is the fact that almost all of the kolkhoznik's livestock is contracted and removed. This livestock consists of the last cows and last sheep. In addition, when this livestock is contracted, the kolkhoznik and individual farmer slaughter off the rest. As a result, in the villages where I have observed this situation, not more than 20-30% of the kolkhozniks have one cow each and a few sheep, but as a rule, the kolkhoznik and individual farmer not only do not raise livestock, but they try to get rid of or slaughter those they do own.
If this situation continues, then in my opinion, next year the shortage of meat, leather, and fats will be greater than this year.
The regional [Party] workers firmly believe that the sovkhozes and the com-modity farms of the kolkhozes will be able to supply the nation already this year with the necessary production and express the idea that private ownership of livestock by the kolkhozniks should cease.
I think we should undertake all measures to increase private ownership of livestock by the kolkhoznik or else there is no way out of the present periodic shortage of products.
The second item concerns the sowing campaign. The situation is such that there is not enough seed in the kolkhozes. There is no way that we will be able to fulfill the plan for grain production, and the shortfall in the krai will probably be 15-20 percent. Besides this, horses are quite emaciated, a significant number of them have already died, and in addition, the people do not have provisions. And so the spring planting will occur in exceptionally tight circumstances, but I figure that with the right or-ganization of seed distribution within the krai and among the kolkhozes we can achieve such a level that the gross yield in 1932 will rise above not only the gross yield of last year, but even that of the high-yield year of 1930.
How can we accomplish this? Here is the situation: all kolkhozes have been given a plan for sowing. [crossed out: Some areas were given state subsidies in order to carry out this plan. As a result] some kolkhozes have enough or nearly enough seed (including the state subsidy), but other kolkhozes have barely any seed. Since the planting will be carried out according to plan, one group of kolkhozes will sow all fields, but another group with less seed will be faced with a large underfulfillment of the sowing plan. How does this relate to crop capacity? The point is that in these circumstances fields which may yield an extremely insignificant harvest will be sown in the first group of kolkhozes; that is, not only the fallow and autumn fields will be sown, but if the plan is followed blindly even the salt-marshes, on which absolutely nothing grows, will be sown (as was done last year); whereas fallow and autumn fields in the second group of kolkhozes which that readied last year and have proven to be productive will remain unsown.
In order to prevent this situation it is necessary to change the existing plan, but no one wants to do this, even though they understand perfectly well that it is imperative to review the plan. The situation I discovered in the kolkhozes that I observed last year was that at least 30% of all the sown fields were sown by the kolkhozes at too late a date, merely to carry out the sowing plan (this is one of the reasons for the crop failure); on the other hand, fields known to produce a less than decent harvest were sown, also merely to carry out the plan. This year the same episode will be repeated if instructions on behalf of the Central Committee are not be issued accordingly--in a time of acute seed deficiency a significant amount of seed will be wasted on worthless land, the sowing will occur at a time when the land is already drying out, that is, when it is too late to sow, but the fallow and autumn fields of the second group of kolkhozes will remain underutilized. These conditions guarantee a meager harvest, and in some places complete crop failure, only because a plan was given based on a forecast of spring planting, consisting of as many favorable qualifying indicators as possible, not considering that the fall harvest will result in extremely unfavorable qualitative results.
And so I come to my second conclusion--that the Central Committee give the order to all regional organizations (as soon as possible, there is little time left before the spring planting) depending on the conditions of each raion and kolkhoz, that the plan be changed in such a way as to produce the best qualitative results. For this it is imperative to conduct a review from the standpoint of 1) sowing all prepared fields (fallow and autumn fields) without exception; 2) redistribution of seed among the kolkhozes in the time remaining before the planting date so that the planting be completed within 15 days, and under no circumstances more than 17 days; 3) and finally, that the improvement of fallow land be stipulated for 1933.
In fulfilling these conditions, given average or especially favorable climatic conditions, the gross yield, and consequently, even the commodity output of bread may yield not less but even more than in 1930, even if the sown area declines. But in addition, I believe that in reality the sown area will not decline because last year and the year before all agricultural agencies and Party organizations pushed madly for quantitative indicators, the planting season was extremely lengthy, they sowed worthless land and, as a rule, only lands that were suitable and were sown at the correct time were productive. If in following this course (to conceal the actual nature of things with quantitative indicators) we immediately start and propose to review the plan from the standpoint of achieving the best qualitative indicators [crossed out: results] (taking into account the seed shortage), then we can reach the necessary results.
Third issue--the peasant's attitude. Their attitude is utterly bad in light of the famine and the fact that they are losing their last cows through contracting--as a result the kolkhoznik has neither bread nor milk. I saw all this with my own eyes and am not exaggerating. People are starving, living on food substitutes, they grow weaker, and naturally, under such circumstances, their mood is hostile. I have not seen such an attitude as is now found in the villages, due to famine and the loss of the last cows and sheep through contrac-ting, in a long time. I will inform you of the facts that substantiate this when we meet. Upon arriving in Moscow, I will try to see Stalin and inform him, or if he cannot spare the time, I will write him a letter.
It seems that you told me in 1926-27 (in Morozovka), when the opposition was making quite furious attacks on the Central Committee that Stalin sees farther than the rest of you. This is undoubtedly so and was substantiated during the period from 1923 on and especially since the establishment of the five-year plan. But in order for him to see beyond everyone, one must, with absolute objectivity, relate to him those facts which are based on reality. I will attempt to do this upon my arrival in Moscow, and I will tell him what I have seen with my own eyes. Maybe I am drawing incorrect conclusions, but I acquainted myself thoroughly with the factual situation and it seems to me that it is utterly imperative that Stalin take up this matter. This sounds like those arguments the German Social Democrats made in Marx's lifetime, saying, "I know the factual situation, but let "papa" Marx draw the conclusion." I have nothing new to say besides what I have already related, and I will just repeat what the German Social Democrats used to say: "Let 'papa' Stalin draw the conclusions, and I will describe the factual situation as it is."
Take care. Feigin
19/9 April 32
At the same time I am sending you the doctor's statement on the famine in peasant families and in turn I corroborate that I observed a similar situation.


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Do you wish there was a secular homeschool co-op in your area, but you're not sure how to start one? This workshop is for you! We will give recipes for a few different types of co-ops ranging from a very simple social group to a formal academic co-op, and discuss how to set them up and the pitfalls to avoid.
The bulk of the talk will deal with the most complicated option: a formal academic co-op with paid instructors.
Topics will include: –
– How to recruit instructors and members
– Finding a meeting place
– Building the community culture you want
– Best practices for co-op finance, administration, and accounting
– Sharing the load with volunteers
Leave your comments below for Ellen's talk
The busy homeschool parent's guide to starting a co-op
to be entered to win cool prizes!
Ellen is the founder of Affordable Homeschool Testing Services LLC and a homeschooling mother of three. Throughout her homeschooling career, Ellen has sought out opportunities to support homeschool families in their quest to provide their children with the best education possible.
Ellen was the executive director of Planet Homeschool, a well-regarded homeschool co-op in Minneapolis, for three years and guided it through a reorganization designed to simplify its administration and finances. Ellen is currently a board member for Minnesota Secular Homeschool Enrichment (Planet Homeschool's sponsoring organization) and Minnesota Homeschoolers' Alliance.
- Your choice of SEA Swag item
- Copy of Kate Laird's book Homeschool Teacher
- Digital eBook of Jason Groom's Wild at the Zoo
- Digital eBook of Blair Lee's The Science of Climate Change

subset: commoncrawl


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So incredibly awesome and hilarious.
Via Joystiq.
So incredibly awesome and hilarious.
Via Joystiq.
So bright… so beautiful… ah, Precious. We wants it, we needs it. Must have the precious Lego Gollum and the sneaky little hobbitses.
Via FBTB.
Yes it's true. Nintendo is working on a new Super Mario side-scrolling 2D platformer for the 3DS and plan on launching it in the next fiscal year (before March 2013)! Here is the quote:
"We are planning to release a totally new side-scrolling action Super Mario in 2D as a key title for the Nintendo 3DS in the next fiscal year."
What will it be? I don't know! But it certainly makes me happy knowing that a new Mario is on it's way.
When I first heard about Lego's new set line, Monster Fighters, I blew it off thinking it sounded kinda stupid. Then I saw the monsters, and they looked rather promising, but I wasn't sold on them alone. THEN I saw the "Monster Fighters"… I think I'll let the epicness speak for itself.
But I can't let the epicness speak for itself! Look at them! They are the Adventurers with Steampunk body parts from a post-apocalyptic world! As if amazing minifigs wasn't enough, check out these preliminary set images! Once again, no one seems to have been sneaky enough to get pics of the final ones that were shown at the toy fair in London, but I will be sure to post them if I find any. All the titles sound fishy to me, so don't count on them being permanent.
9461 The Swamp Monster
9462 Mummie
9463 Were Wolf
9464 Vampire Hearse
And yes, that is a guy in a suit wearing a bowler hat with a robotic leg wielding a musketeer sword riding a motorcycle attacking a vampire riding a hot rod with a chauffeur.
9465 The Zombies
(No image. Just think about what it might contain!)
9466 Frankenstein
9467 Ghost Train
9468 Vampire Castle
So yes, I believe that Monster Fighters might be Lego's most intriguing non-licensed brands in a long while. Essentially, Lego + Adventurers + Steampunk + Classic Monsters + Apocalypse = Monster Fighters.
Via FBTB.
Via GoNintendo.
I saw this, and… I pooped my pants. OMG THIS IS AMAZING!!! Look at the one ring to rule them all! Look at the adorable little hobbitses with their little specially printed shirts and sculpted hair! Look at Gimli and Gandalf in all there glory! And Aragorn, Boromir, and the ever elvishly epic Legolas. They all look soooooooo perfect!
Aside from the overly drool worthy fellowship of the ring, we also have information on all the sets in the first wave of the Lord of the Rings line thanks to a toy fair going on in London. I've looked through a couple of sources with great descriptions and have made the following guide with information on the 7 announced Lord of the Rings sets. Currently, there are no leaked images of the final sets (aside from this overhead shot that nets a small glipse), but I will post them if I find any. Without further ado, check it out.
9469, Gandalf Arrives: 2 minifigs: Gandalf and Frodo. Gandalf on horse and cart with fireworks and snake in the back. The smallest set in the line.
9470, Shelob Attacks: 3 minifigs: Frodo, Samwise, and Gollum. Gollum looked great, hunched over with movable arms, a bit like skeleton arms but different. Shelob the spider looks fantastic and scary!
9471, Uruk-Hai Army: 6 minifigs: Eomer, Rohan soldier and 4 Urak-Hai. The set consists of a small section of wall, a horse with moving legs and a small siege machine. The wall can be joined to the Helms Deep castle.
9476, The Orc Forge: 5 orcs with a forge, various metalworking tools and weapons. Similar in looks to the Lego Dwarves Mine… but with orcs instead of dwarves.
9472, Attack on Weathertop: 5 minifigs: Frodo, Merry, Aragorn and two Ringwaiths on horseback. The set builds a small section of Weathertop with spiral staircase and ruins at the top.
9473, The Mines of Moria: 7 minifigs: Pippin, Gimli, Legolas, Boromir, a cave troll and two Moria orcs. The set builds a selection of sub-assemblies for mine walls, doors, pedestals etc.
9474, The Battle of Helm's Deep: 8 minifigs: Gimli, King Theoden, Haldir, Aragorn and 4 Urak-Hai warriors. The castle itself is fairly substantial, complete with the 'side door' used to gain entry.
Via FBTB.
Holy cow.
Via Joystiq.
Blake Baer continues and finishes his series of Lego Hobbit scenes with these epic bunches of bricks. Lego Lord of the Rings seems to be the topic of choice as of late. Click on each of the bigger models for more images and check out Part 1 here.
Via The Brothers Brick.
Again Lego? Really? You are going as far as teasing me with Legolas (with awesome elf hair)? Just wow.
Via The Brothers Brick.
Lego has just announced in their newest Lego Club magazine that the Marvel sets will be coming in April with this image showing the final minifigs for Iron Man, Hulk, Captain America, and Wolverine. Iron Man's head is a bit big, Hulk is EPIC, Captain America needs some wings on his helmet (of course they are being movie accurate-ish though), and Wolverine's claws look AWESOME.
Seriously Lego. Please. Stop. You are creating too much awesomeness.
Via FBTB.


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Have you ever been stuck in a dating rut with your spouse? I have, a lot! We live in a very rural area, where you have to be crazy creative (which I'm not), or just do the "dinner and a movie" routine. And sadly, sometimes we go to Walmart after our routine (the only store in town open after 9pm) and often see other couples we know on their night out as well! (Isn't that the most pathetic thing you've ever heard? For a date? But I've been there...)
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CUSTOM tour
Private tour for clubs, friends, colleagues
Whilst TBT's standard tours are designed to cover the needs of most riders, we are always adaptable to the individual needs of our valued clients, so we are very happy to work with any group / club to design their own bespoke itinerary. For example, we have successfully run special tours in the past responding to a combination of the following unique requests:
- – specific training requirements geared to events like Haute Route and Etape du Tour etc.
- – a wish to visit different parts of the island and / or up-grade the accommodation options.
- – less experienced or more holiday-orientated riders wanting a more relaxed pace.
- – more experienced / fitter riders eager to clock up longer distances and more climbing.
- – larger groups with two distinct ability levels, each requiring separate on-road support.
- – women only groups.
We welcome the opportunity to collaborate with you on a special tour project. All we ask is that you give us plenty of notice of your plans, provide a clear brief and set a sensible budget per head, for us to work within. Just send us an email to kick off a discussion.
We look forward to rising to any challenges that you may set us and hope that your special itinerary will set aside ample time to sample Mama Delgado's delicious paella!


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|Instabilities and transition in non-Newtonian fluids
We are interested in the transition to spatio-temporal complexity and turbulence in flows of non-Newtonian fluids, more specifically of shear-thinning fluids. Such fluids, which flow more and more easily when the applied stresses increase, are often encountered in Oil, Ciment or Food Industry; in some cases, Blood can also be considered as a shear-thinning fluid. The transition to turbulence in such fluids is difficult to study because of the richness of behaviour of those fluids, and because the model equations are highly nonlinear.
We study this topics experimentally, for instance in pipe flow where strange phenomena can occur. Indeed it is found that weakly turbulent states exist which have no counterpart in newtonian fluids. In those weakly turbulent states the axial mean flow is highly unsymmetric, the fluid flowing rapidly in one side of the pipe, slowly in the other half, as shown in the following figure (taken from [12]):
We also study this topics theoretically. For this purpose we cooperate with several researchers all over the world:
Please have a look at our papers below. You might also like to observe these animations, realized with the code referred in our articles [17] and [30]:
stability of Poiseuille flow of a Bingham fluid: Theoretical
results and comparison with phenomenological criteria,
C. Nouar and I. A. Frigaard,
J. Non Newt. Fluid Mech. 100, 127-149 (2001).
We present new results on the nonlinear stability of Bingham fluid Poiseuille flows in pipes and plane channels. These results show that the critical Reynolds number for transition, Rec, increases with Bingham number, B, at least as fast as RecB1/2 as B→∞. Estimates for the rate of increase are also provided. We compare these bounds and existing linear stability bounds with predictions from a series of phenomenological criteria for transition, as B→∞, concluding that only Hanks [AIChE J. 9 (1963) 306; 15 (1) (1963) 25] criteria can possibly be compatible with the theoretical criteria as B→∞. In the more practical range of application, 0≤B≤50, we show that there exists a large disparity between the different phenomenological criteria that have been proposed.
On the
stability of Bingham fluid flow in an annular channel,
N. Kabouya and C. Nouar,
C. R. Méca. 331, 149-156 (2003).
Linear stability of a fully developed Bingham fluid flow between two coaxial cylinders subject to infinitesimal axisymetric perturbations is investigated. The analysis leads to two uncoupled Orr-Sommerfeld equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The numerical solution is obtained using fourth order finite difference scheme. The computations were performed for various plug flow dimensions and radii ratios. Within the range of the parameters considered in this paper, the Poiseuille flow of Bingham fluid is found to be linearly stable.
3-Dimensional linear stability of Poiseuille flow of Bingham
I. A. Frigaard and C. Nouar,
Phys. Fluids 15, 2843-2851 (2003).
Plane channel Poiseuille flow of a Bingham fluid is characterized by the Bingham number, B, which describes the ratio of yield and viscous stresses. Unlike purely viscous non-Newtonian fluids, which modify hydrodynamic stability studies only through the dissipation and the basic flow, inclusion of a yield stress additionally results in a modified domain and boundary conditions for the stability problem. We investigate the effects of increasing B on the stability of the flow, using eigenvalue bounds that incorporate these features. As B we show that three-dimensional linear stability can be achieved for a Reynolds number bound of form Re = O(B3/4), for all wavelengths. For long wavelengths this can be improved to Re = O(B), which compares well with computed linear stability results for two-dimensional disturbances [J. Fluid Mech. 263, 133 (1994)]. It is also possible to find bounds of form Re = O(B1/2), which derive from purely viscous dissipation acting over the reduced domain and are comparable with the nonlinear stability bounds in J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 100, 127 (2001). We also show that a Squire-like result can be derived for the plane channel flow. Namely, if the equivalent eigenvalue bounds for a Newtonian fluid yield a stability criterion, then the same stability criterion is valid for the Bingham fluid flow, but with reduced wavenumbers and Reynolds numbers. An application of these results is to bound the regions of parameter space in which computational methods need to be used.
Nonlinear stability of a visco-plastically
lubricated viscous shear flow,
M. A. Moyers-Gonzalez, I. A. Frigaard and C. Nouar,
J. Fluid Mech. 506, 117-146 (2004).
A common problem in multi-layer shear flows, especially from the perspective of process engineering, is the occurrence of interfacial instabilities. Here we show how multi-layer duct flows can in fact be made nonlinearly stable, by using a suitable lubricating fluid. First we show how interfacial instabilities may be eliminated through the introduction of a yield stress fluid as the lubricant and by preserving an unyielded layer adjacent to the interface. Second we show how to treat the nonlinear stability of a two-layer flow, allowing finite motion of the domains. We focus on the simplest practically interesting case of visco-plastically lubricated viscous shear flow: a core-annular pipe flow consisting of a central core of Newtonian fluid surrounded by a Bingham fluid. We demonstrate that this flow can be nonlinearly stable at significant Reynolds numbers and produce stability bounds. Our analysis can be straightforwardly generalized to other flows in this class.
On the usage of viscosity regularisation methods
for visco-plastic fluid flow computation,
I. A. Frigaard and C. Nouar,
J. Non Newt. Fluid Mech. 127, 1-26 (2005).
Viscosity regularisation methods are probably the most popular current method for computing visco-plastic fluid flows. They are however generally used in an ad hoc manner. Here we examine convergence of regularised solutions to those of the corresponding exact models, in both mathematical and physical senses. Mathematically, the aim is to give practical guidance as to the order of error that one might expect for different regularisations and for different types of flow. Our theoretical results are illustrated with a number of computed example flows showing the orders of error predicted. Physically, the question is whether or not the regularised solutions behave in the same way as the exact solutions, qualitatively as well as quantitatively. We show that there are flows for which regularisation methods will generate their maximum errors, e.g. lubrication-type flows. In this context, we also consider the effects of regularisation on problems of hydrodynamic stability. For broad classes of problems, stability characteristics of the flow are incorrectly predicted by the use of viscosity regularisation methods.
Laminar transitional and turbulent flow of yield
stress fluid in a pipe,
J. Peixinho, C. Nouar, C. Desaubry and B. Théron,
J. Non Newt. Fluid Mech. 128, 172-184 (2005).
This paper presents an experimental study of the laminar, transitional and turbulent flows in a cylindrical pipe facility (5.5 m length and 30 mm inner diameter). Three fluids are used: a yield stress fluid (aqueous solution of 0.2% Carbopol), a shear thinning fluid (aqueous solution of 2% CMC) without yield stress and a Newtonian fluid (glucose syrup) as a reference fluid. Detailed rheological properties (simple shear viscosity and first normal stress difference) are presented. The flow is monitored using pressure and (laser Doppler) axial velocity measurements. The critical Reynolds numbers from which the experimental results depart from the laminar solution are determined and compared with phenomenological criteria. The results show that the yield stress contribute to stabilize the flow. Concerning the transition for a yield stress fluid it has been observed an increase of the root mean square (rms) of the axial velocity outside a region around the axis while it remains at a laminar level inside this region. Then, with increasing the Reynolds number, the fluctuations increase in the whole section because of the apparition of turbulent spots. The time trace of the turbulent spots are presented and compared for the different fluids. Finally, a description of the turbulent flow is presented and shows that the rms axial velocity profile for the Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids are similar except in the vicinity of the wall where the turbulence intensity is larger for the non-Newtonian fluids.
Observations of assymetrical flow behavior in transitional pipe
flow of yield-stress and other shear-thinning liquids,
M.P. Escudier, R.J. Poole, F.
Presti, C. Dales, C. Nouar, C. Desaubry, L. Graham and L. Pullum,
J. Non Newt. Fluid Mech. 127, 143-155 (2005).
The purpose of this brief paper is to report mean velocity profile data for fully developed pipe flow of a wide range of shear-thinning liquids together with two Newtonian control liquids. Although most of the data reported are for the laminar-turbulent transition regime, data are also included for laminar and turbulent flow. The experimental data were obtained in unrelated research programmes in UK, France and Australia, all using laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) as the measurement technique. In the majority of cases, axisymmetric flow is observed for the laminar and turbulent flow conditions, although asymmetry due to the Earth's rotation is evident for the laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid of low viscosity (i.e. low Ekman number). The key point, however, is that for certain fluids, both yield-stress and viscoelastic (all fluids in this study are shear-thinning), asymmetry to varying degrees is apparent at all stages of transition from laminar to turbulent flow, i.e. from the first indications to almost fully developed turbulence. The fact that symmetrical velocity profiles are obtained for both laminar and turbulent flow of all the non-Newtonian fluids in all three laboratories leads to the conclusion that the asymmetry must be a consequence of a fluid-dynamic mechanism, as yet not identified, rather than imperfections in the flow facilities.
Linear stability involving the Bingham model when the
yield stress approaches zero,
C. Métivier, C. Nouar and J.P. Brancher,
Phys. Fluids 17, 104106 (2005).
The plane Poiseuille flow of Bingham fluid is characterized by a plug zone around the axis of the channel, where , the second invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor, is less than or equal to the yield stress 0. According to the Bingham model, the plug zone moves as a rigid body with a constant velocity. The dimension of the plug zone, scaled with the width of the channel, depends only on the Bingham number, B (the ratio of the yield stress to a nominal viscous stress). The linear stability analysis of this flow as well as the RayleighBénard Poiseuille flow is performed. The numerical results are discussed essentially for the case B1. By comparison with the Newtonian fluid (B=0), a discontinuous behavior of the critical conditions is observed. This discontinuity is a consequence of the linear stability analysis that allows the plug zone to remain intact.
Modal and non-modal linear stability of the
plane-Bingham-Poiseuille flow,
C. Nouar, N. Kabouya, J. Dusek and M. Mamou,
J. Fluid Mech. 577, 211-239 (2007).
The receptivity problem of plane Bingham-Poiseuille flow with respect to weak perturbations is addressed. The relevance of this study is highlighted by the linear stability analysis results (spectra and pseudospectra). The first part of the present paper thus deals with the classical normal-mode approach in which the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved using the Chebychev collocation method. Within the range of parameters considered, the Poiseuille flow of Bingham fluid is found to be linearly stable. The second part investigates the most amplified perturbations using the non-modal approach. At a very low Bingham number (B << 1), the optimal disturbance consists of almost streamwise vortices, whereas at moderate or large B the optimal disturbance becomes oblique. The evolution of the obliqueness as function of B is determined. The linear analysis presented also indicates, as a first stage of a theoretical investigation, the principal challenges of a more complete nonlinear study.
Delaying transition to turbulence : Revisiting the
stability of shear thinning fluids,
C. Nouar, A. Bottaro and J. P. Brancher,
J. Fluid Mech. 592, 177-194 (2007).
A viscosity stratification is considered as a possible mean to postpone the onset of transition to turbulence in channel flow. As a prototype problem, we focus on the linear stability of shear-thinning fluids modelled by the Carreau rheological law. To assess whether there is stabilization and by how much, it is important both to account for a viscosity disturbance in the perturbation equations, and to employ an appropriate viscosity scale in the definition of the Reynolds number. Failure to do so can yield qualitatively and quantitatively incorrect conclusions. Results are obtained for both exponentially and algebraically growing disturbances, demonstrating that a viscous stratification is a viable approach to maintain laminarity.
On linear stability of Rayleigh-Bénard Poiseuille
flow of viscoplastic fluids,
C. Métivier and C. Nouar,
Phys. Fluids 20, 104101 (2008).
The present paper deals with the onset of the two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection for a plane channel flow of viscoplastic fluid. The influence of the yield stress on the instability and stability conditions characterized by the Rayleigh numbers denoted, respectively, RaL and RaE is investigated in the framework of linear analysis using modal and energetic approaches. The results show that the yield stress, represented by the Bingham number B, delays the onset of convection. For low values of the Reynolds number Re, the critical conditions RaL and RaE tend to be equal and the difference RaL−RaE increases with increasing Re, highlighting the non-normality of the linear operator. For Re<1 and large B (BO(10)), it is shown that the critical Rayleigh number increases as B2 and the critical wave number evolves according to B1/4.
Transitional flow of a yield-stress fluid in a pipe.
Evidence of a robust coherent structure,
A. Esmael and C. Nouar,
Phys. Rev. E 77, 057302 (2008).
In two independent articles, Escudier and Presti [J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 62, 291 (1996)] and Peixinho et al. [J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 128, 172 (2005)] studied experimentally the flow structure of a yield stress fluid in a cylindrical pipe. It was observed that the mean, i.e., time-averaged, velocity profiles were axisymmetric in the laminar and turbulent regimes, and presented an increasing asymmetry with increasing Reynolds number in the transitional regime. The present paper provides a three-dimensional description of this asymmetry from axial velocity profiles measurements at three axial positions and different azimuthal positions. The observed transitional flow suggests the existence of a robust nonlinear coherent structure characterized by two weakly modulated counter-rotating longitudinal vortices. This new state mediates the transition between laminar and turbulent flow.
Nonlinear stability
of the Bingham Rayleigh-Bénard Poiseuille flow,
C. Métivier, I. A. Frigaard and C. Nouar,
J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 158, 127-131 (2009).
A nonlinear stability analysis of the Rayleigh-Bénard Poiseuille flow is performed for a yield stress fluid. Because the topology of the yielded and unyielded regions in the perturbed flow is unknown, the energy method is used, combined with classical functional analytical inequalities. We determine the boundary of a region in the (Re,Ra)-plane where the perturbation energy decreases monotonically with time. For increasing values of Reynolds numbers, we show that the energy bound for Ra varies like 1-Re/ReEN, where ReEN is the energy stability limit of isothermal Poiseuille flow. It is also shown that ReEN behaves asymptotically as 120 B1/2 for large B.
Stability of plane Couette-Poiseuille flow of shear-thinning fluid,
C. Nouar and I. A. Frigaard,
Phys. Fluids 21, 064104 (2009).
A linear stability analysis of the combined plane Couette and Poiseuille flow of shear-thinning fluid is investigated. The rheological behavior of the fluid is described using the Carreau model. The linearized stability equations and their boundary conditions result in an eigenvalue problem that is solved numerically using a Chebyshev collocation method. A parametric study is performed in order to assess the roles of viscosity stratification and the Couette component. First of all, it is shown that for shear-thinning fluid, the critical Reynolds number for a two-dimensional perturbation is less than for a three dimensional. Therefore, it is sufficient to deal only with a modified Orr-Sommerfeld equation for the normal velocity component. The influence of the velocity of the moving wall on the critical conditions is qualitatively similar to that for a Newtonian fluid. Concerning the effect of the shear thinning, the computational results indicate that this behavior leads to a decrease in the phase velocity of the traveling waves and an increase in stability, when an appropriate viscosity is used in the definition of the Reynolds number. Using a long-wave version of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation, the cutoff velocity is derived. The mechanisms responsible for the changes in the flow stability are discussed in terms of the location of the critical layers, Reynolds stress distribution, and the exchange of energy between the base flow and the disturbance.
Linear stability of the Rayleigh Bénard Poiseuille flow
for thermodependent viscoplastic fluids,
C. Métivier and C. Nouar,
J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 163, 1-8 (2009).
This work investigates the Rayleigh-Bénard Poiseuille flow of a Bingham fluid with temperature-dependent plastic viscosity according to an exponential law. In fully developed situation, the temperature profile is purely conductive and the axial velocity profile, determined numerically, is skewed toward the lower viscosity region. The linear stability analysis of this primary flow is performed, and the critical conditions above which the flow becomes unstable are determined. It is found that the critical conditions decrease with increasing temperature difference and a critical Rayleigh number scaling. It is shown that this destabilization is mainly due to the asymmetry of the basic flow. As well as the basic flow, the perturbed flow is also asymmetric. Indeed, the amplitude perturbation of the least stable mode is much higher in the yielded region having the largest width.
Stability of the flow of a Bingham fluid in a channel:
eigenvalue sensitivity, minimal defects and scaling laws of transition,
C. Nouar and A. Bottaro,
J. Fluid Mech. 642, 349-372 (2010).
It has been recently shown that the flow of a Bingham fluid in a channel is always linearly stable (Nouar et al., J. Fluid Mech. 577 211, 2007). To identify possible paths of transition we revisit the problem for the case in which the idealized base flow is slightly perturbed. No attempt is made to reproduce or model the perturbations arising in experimental environments - which may be due to the improper alignment of the channel walls or to imperfect inflow conditions - rather a general formulation is given which yields the transfer function (the sensitivity) for each eigenmode of the spectrum to arbitrary defects in the base flow. It is first established that such a function, for the case of the most sensitive eigenmode, displays a very weak selectivity to variations in the spanwise wavenumber of the disturbance mode. This justifies a further look into the class of spanwise homogeneous modes. A variational procedure is set up to identify the base flow defect of minimal norm capable of optimally destabilizing an otherwise stable flow; it is found that very weak defects are indeed capable to excite exponentially amplified streamwise travelling waves. The associated variations in viscosity are situated mostly near the critical layer of the inviscid problem. Neutrally stable conditions are found as function of the Reynolds number and the Bingham number, providing scalings of critical values with the amplitude of the defect consistent with previous experimental and numerical studies. Finally, a structured pseudospectrum analysis is performed; it is argued that such a class of pseudospectra provides information well suited to hydrodynamic stability purposes.
Petrov-Galerkin computation of nonlinear waves
in pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids:
first theoretical evidences for a delayed transition,
N. Roland, E. Plaut and C. Nouar,
Computers & Fluids 39, 1733-1743 (2010).
A pseudospectral Petrov-Galerkin code is developped in order to compute nonlinear traveling waves in pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids. The framework is continuum mechanics and the rheological model used is the purely viscous Carreau model. The code is validated, and a study of its convergence properties is made. It is shown that exponential convergence is obtained, despite the highly nonlinear nature of the viscous diffusion terms. Physical computations show that, as compared with the case of a constant-viscosity fluid, i.e., a Newtonian fluid, in the case of shear-thinning fluids the critical Reynolds number of the saddle-node bifurcation where the waves with an azimuthal wavenumber m0=3 appear increases significantly when the non-Newtonian effects come into play.
Transitional flow of a non-Newtonian fluid in a pipe:
Experimental evidence of weak turbulence induced by shear-thinning behavior,
A. Esmael, C. Nouar, A. Lefèvre and N. Kabouya,
Phys. Fluids 22, 101701 (2010).
The present letter is a thorough study of the flow regime where an asymmetry of the mean axial velocity profiles is observed for shear-thinning fluids flow in a pipe. This study is based on a statistical analysis of the axial velocity fluctuations. It is shown that this flow regime exhibits features of a weak turbulence: chaotic in time and regular in space. More precisely, (i) power spectra of axial velocity fluctuations decay following a power law with an exponent very close to -3, (ii) large-scale coherent structures are generated, and (iii) there is essentially no intermittency in this flow regime.
Subcritical bifurcation of shear-thinning plane
Poiseuille flows,
A. Chekila, C. Nouar, E. Plaut and A. Nemdili,
J. Fluid Mech. 686, 272-298 (2011).
In a recent article (Nouar et al. 2007, ref. [10] of this page), a linear stability analysis of plane Poiseuille flow of shear-thinning fluids has been performed. The authors concluded that the viscosity stratification delays the transition and that is important to account for the viscosity perturbation. The current paper focuses on the first principles understanding of the influence of the viscosity stratification and the nonlinear variation of the effective viscosity with the shear rate on the flow stability with respect to a finite amplitude perturbation. A weakly nonlinear analysis, using the amplitude expansion method is adopted as a first approach to study nonlinear effects. The bifurcation to two-dimensional travelling waves is studied. For the numerical computations, the shear-thinning behavior is described by the Carreau model. The rheological parameters are varied in a wide range. The results indicate that (i) the nonlinearity of the viscous terms tends to reduce the viscous dissipation and to accelerate the flow, (ii) the harmonic generated by the nonlinearity of the viscosity is smaller and in opposite phase with that generated by the quadratic nonlinear inertial terms and (iii) with increasing shear-thinning effects, the bifurcation becomes highly subcritical. Consequently, the magnitude of the threshold amplitude of the perturbation, beyond which the flow is nonlinearly unstable, decreases. This result is confirmed by computing higher order Landau constants.
|Pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids,
S. N. López-Carranza, M. Jenny and C. Nouar,
C. R. Mécanique 340, 602-618 (2012).
Pipe flow of purely viscous shear-thinning fluids is studied using numerical simulations. The rheological behavior is described by the Carreau model. The flow field is decomposed as a base flow and a disturbance. The perturbation equations are then solved using a pseudo-spectral Petrov-Galerkin method. The time marching uses a fourth-order Adams-Bashforth scheme. In the case of an infinitesimal perturbation, a three-dimensional linear stability analysis is performed based on modal and non-modal approaches. It is shown that pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids is linearly stable and that for the range of rheological parameters considered, streamwise-independent vortices are optimally amplified. Nonlinear computations are done for finite amplitude two-dimensional disturbances, which consist of one pair of longitudinal rolls. The numerical results highlight a strong modification of the viscosity profile associated with the flow reorganization. For a given wall Reynolds number, shear-thinning reduces the energy gain of the perturbation. This is due to a reduction of the exchange energy between the base flow and the perturbation. Besides this, viscous dissipation decreases with increasing shear-thinning effects.
|Taylor-Couette Instability in Anisotropic Clay Suspensions Measured Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering,
A. M. Philippe, C. Baravian, M. Jenny, F. Meneau and J. L. Michot,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 254501 (2012).
In this Letter, we propose an original and novel experimental method to characterize both the onset and morphology of Taylor-Couette instability occurring in a non-Newtonian cylindrical Couette flow. Using synchrotron-based rheological small angle x-ray scattering experiments, we jointly investigate the shear-thinning behavior of natural swelling clays suspensions and the associated anisotropy developing in such media. Combined with a linear stability analysis for power law fluids, a destabilizing effect is shown both numerically and experimentally and the vortices morphology is found to be dependent on the fluid index. Still, the strong destabilizing effect and large vortex size can not be assigned to shear-thinning only, which clearly evidences the impact of medium anisotropy on Taylor-Couette instability.
|Revisiting the stability of circular Couette flow of shear-thinning fluids,
B. Alibenyahiaa, C. Lemaitre, C. Nouar and N. Ait-Messaoudene,
J. Non-Newt. Fluid Mech. 183-184, 37-51 (2012).
Three-dimensional linear stability analysis of Couette flow between two coaxial cylinders for shear-thinning fluids with and without yield stress is performed. The outer cylinder is fixed and the inner one is rotated. Three rheological models are used: Bingham, Carreau and power-law models. Wide range of rheological, geometrical and dynamical parameters is explored. New data for the critical conditions are provided for Carreau fluid. In the axisymmetric case, it is shown that when the Reynolds number is defined using the inner-wall shear-viscosity, the shear-thinning delays the appearance of Taylor vortices, for all the fluids considered. It is shown that this delay is due to reduction in the energy exchange between the base and the perturbation and not to the modification of the viscous dissipation. In the non axisymmetric case, contrary to Caton [1], we have not found any instability.
|Instability of streaks in pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids,
S. N. López-Carranza, M. Jenny and C. Nouar,
Phys. Rev. E 88, 023005 (2013).
This study is motivated by recent experimental results dealing with the transition to turbulence in a pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids, where a streaky flow with an azimuthal wave number n=1 is observed in the transitional regime. Here, a linear stability analysis of pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids modulated azimuthally by finite amplitude streaks is performed. The shear-thinning behavior of the fluid is described by the Carreau model. The streaky base flows considered are obtained from two-dimensional direct numerical simulation using finite amplitude longitudinal rolls as the initial condition and by extracting the velocity field at time tmax, where the amplitude of the streaks reaches its maximum, denoted by Amax. It is found that the amplitude Amax increases with increasing Reynolds number as well as with increasing amplitude E0 of the initial longitudinal rolls. For sufficiently large streaks amplitude, streamwise velocity profiles develop inflection points, leading to instabilities. Depending on the threshold amplitude Ac, two different modes may trigger the instability of the streaks. If Ac exceeds approximately 41.5% of the centerline velocity, the instability mode is located near the axis of the pipe, i.e., it is a "center mode." For weaker amplitude Ac, the instability mode is located near the pipe wall, in the region of highest wall normal shear, i.e., it is a "wall mode." The threshold amplitude Ac decreases with increasing shear-thinning effects. The energy equation analysis indicates that (i) wall modes are driven mainly by the work of the Reynolds stress against the wall normal shear and (ii) for center modes, the contribution of the normal wall shear remains dominant; however, it is noted that the contribution of the Reynolds stress against the azimuthal shear increases with increasing shear-thinning effects.
|Weakly nonlinear analysis of
Rayleigh-Bénard convection in
shear-thinning fluids: nature of the
bifurcation and pattern selection,
M. Bouteraa, C. Nouar, E. Plaut, C. Métivier and A. Kalck,
J. Fluid Mech. 767, 696-734 (2015).
A linear and weakly nonlinear analysis of natural convection of a layer of shear-thinning fluids between two horizontal plates heated from below is performed. The objective is to examine the effects of the nonlinear variation of the viscosity with the shear rate on the nature of the bifurcation, the planform selection problem between rolls, squares and hexagons, and the consequences on the heat transfer coefficient. Navier slip boundary conditions are used at the top and bottom walls. The shear-thinning behavior of the fluid is described by the Carreau model. By considering an infinitesimal perturbation, the critical conditions, corresponding to the onset of convection, are determined. At this stage, non-Newtonian effects do not play. The critical Rayleigh number decreases and the critical wave number increases when the slip increases. For a finite amplitude perturbation, nonlinear effects enter in the dynamic. Analysis of the saturation coefficients at cubic order in the amplitude equations shows that the nature of the bifurcation depends on the rheological properties, i.e. the fluid characteristic time and shear-thinning index. For weakly shear-thinning fluids, the bifurcation is supercritical and the heat transfer coefficient increases, as compared to the Newtonian case. When the shear-thinning character is large enough, the bifurcation is subcritical, pointing out the destabilizing effect of the nonlinearities arising from the rheological law. Departing from the onset, the weakly nonlinear analysis is carried out up to fifth order in the amplitude expansion. The flow structure, the modification of the viscosity field and the Nusselt number are characterized. The competition between rolls, squares and hexagons is investigated. Unlike Albaalbaki & Khayat (2011), it is shown that only rolls are stable near onset.
|Numerical study of subcritical Rayleigh-Bénard convection
rolls in strongly shear-thinning Carreau fluids,
M. Jenny, E. Plaut and A. Briard,
J. Non Newt. Fluid Mech. 219, 19-34 (2015).
The Rayleigh-Bénard thermoconvection of Newtonian fluids has been extensively studied. The transition from the conductive, static state to thermoconvection flows corresponds in this case to a supercritical bifurcation. In shear-thinning fluids, on the contrary, recent weakly nonlinear studies have shown that the transition may become subcritical. Using a custom numerical code developped with Freefem++ to compute bidimensionnal, fully nonlinear roll solutions in Carreau fluids, for a large range of rheological parameters, and more particularly for strongly shear-thinning fluids, approaching power-law fluids, we confirm this result. A simple expression of the value of the Rayleigh number at which subcritical convection rolls appear is proposed. This law suggests to reconsider the choice of the reference viscosity for shear-thinning fluids. Indeed, when the shear-thinning effects increase, the critical Rayleigh number increases or decreases depending on the choice of the reference viscosity. The `neutral' or `effective' viscosity, which gives a constant value of the Rayleigh number at the onset of subcritical convection rolls, is close to the bulk average viscosity. In addition, a correlation is proposed to estimate the Nusselt number of subcritical rolls.
|Linear stability of Taylor-Couette flow of shear-thinning fluids:
modal and non-modal approaches,
Y. Agbessi, B. Alibenyahia, C. Nouar, C. Lemaitre and L. Choplin,
J. Fluid Mech. 776, 354-389 (2015).
In this paper, the response of circular Couette flow of shear-thinning fluids between two infinitely long coaxial cylinders to weak disturbances is addressed. It is highlighted by transient growth analysis. Both power-law and Carreau models are used to describe the rheological behaviour of the fluid. The first part of the paper deals with the asymptotic long-time behaviour of three-dimensional infinitesimal perturbations. Using the normal-mode approach, an eigenvalue problem is derived and solved by means of the spectral collocation method. An extensive description and the classification of eigenspectra are presented. The influence of shear-thinning effects on the critical Reynolds numbers as well as on the critical azimuthal and axial wavenumbers is analysed. It is shown that with a reference viscosity defined with the characteristic scales μref = K (R1Ω1/d)^(n-1) for a power-law fluid and μref = μ0 for a Carreau fluid, the shear-thinning character is destabilizing for counter-rotating cylinders. Moreover, the axial wavenumber increases with Re2 and with shear-thinning effects. The second part investigates the short-time behaviour of the disturbance using the non-modal approach. For the same inner and outer Reynolds numbers, the amplification of the kinetic energy perturbation becomes much more important with increasing shear-thinning effects. Two different mechanisms are used to explain the transient growth, depending on whether or not there is a stratification of the angular momentum. On the Rayleigh line and for Newtonian fluids, the optimal perturbation is in the form of azimuthal streaks, which transform into Taylor vortices through the anti-lift-up mechanism. In the other cases, the optimal perturbation is initially oriented against the base flow, then it tilts to align with the base flow at optimal time. The scaling laws for the optimal energy amplification proposed in the literature for Newtonian fluids are extended to shear-thinning fluids.
|Weakly nonlinear analysis of Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a non-Newtonian fluid between plates of finite conductivity: Influence of shear-thinning effects,
M. Bouteraa and C. Nouar,
Phys. Rev. E 92, 063017 (2015).
Finite-amplitude thermal convection in a shear-thinning fluid layer between two horizontal plates of finite thermal conductivity is considered. Weakly nonlinear analysis is adopted as a first approach to investigate nonlinear effects. The rheological behavior of the fluid is described by the Carreau model. As a first step, the critical conditions for the onset of convection are computed as a function of the ratio ξ of the thermal conductivity of the plates to the thermal conductivity of the fluid. In agreement with the literature, the critical Rayleigh number Rac and the critical wave number kc decrease from 1708 to 720 and from 3.11 to 0, when ξ decreases from infinity to zero. In the second step, the critical value αc of the shear-thinning degree above which the bifurcation becomes subcritical is determined. It is shown that αc increases with decreasing ξ. The stability of rolls and squares is then investigated as a function of ξ and the rheological parameters. The limit value ξc, below which squares are stable, decreases with increasing shear-thinning effects. This is related to the fact that shear-thinning effects increase the nonlinear interactions between sets of rolls that constitute the square patterns. For a significant deviation from the critical conditions, nonlinear convection terms and nonlinear viscous terms become stronger, leading to a further diminution of ξc. The dependency of the heat transfer on ξ and the rheological parameters is reported. It is consistent with the maximum heat transfer principle. Finally, the flow structure and the viscosity field are represented for weakly and highly conducting plates.
|Natural convection in shear-thinning fluids:
Experimental investigations by MRI,
M. Darbouli, C. Métivier, S. Leclerc, C. Nouar,
M. Bouteraa and D. Stemmelen,
Int. J. Heat & Mass Transfer 95, 742-754 (2016).
An experimental investigation of the Rayleigh-Bénard convection in shear-thinning fluids using MRI technics is presented. The experimental setup consists on a cylindrical cavity defined by a finite aspect ratio A = D/d = 6. Qualitative and quantitative results are provided. Flow structure is determined from velocity mapping for a Newtonian fluid, Glycerol and for shear-thinning fluids, Xanthan gum aqueous solutions with weight concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 0.2%. In the case of the Glycerol and the Xanthan solution at 0.1%, one recovers similar results in terms of criticality with Rac ≃ 1800 and patterns since the convection is characterized by rolls. When the Xanthan concentration is increased, the critical Rayleigh number is not modified, however the onset occurs with hexagonal pattern. Because the critical temperature differences increase with the concentrations due to an increase in viscosity, one can think that hexagonal patterns are due to variations of physical properties with temperature (non Oberbeck-Boussinesq effects). Similarities with some results obtained in the Newtonian case are highlighted. We have observed a transition from hexagonal patterns to rolls by increasing the Rayleigh number. This pattern transition is characterized by a discrepancy in the maximal velocity values. By using shear-thinning fluids, results show an increase in the intensity of convection compared with the Newtonian case.
|Taylor-Couette instability in thixotropic yield stress fluids,
M. Jenny, S. Kiesgen de Richter, N. Louvet, S. Skali-Lami and Y. Dossmann,
Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 023302 (2017).
We consider the flow of thixotropic yield stress fluids between two concentric cylinders. To account for the fluid thixotropy, we use Houška's model [Houška, Ph.D. thesis, Czech Technical University, Prague, 1981] with a single structural parameter driven by a kinetic equation. Because of the yield stress and the geometric inhomogeneity of the stress, only a part of the material in the gap may flow. Depending on the breakdown rate of the structural parameter, the constitutive relation can lead to a nonmonotonic flow curve. This nonmonotonic behavior is known to induce a discontinuity in the slope of the velocity profile within the flowing material, called shear banding. Thus, for fragile structures, a shear-banded flow characterized by a very sharp transition between the flowing and the static regions may be observed. For stronger structures, the discontinuity disappears and a smooth transition between the flowing and the static regions is observed. The consequences of the thixotropy on the linear stability of the azimuthal flow are studied in a large range of parameters. Although the thixotropy allows shear banding in the base flow, it does not modify fundamentally the linear stability of the Couette flow compared to a simple yield stress fluid. The apparent shear-thinning behavior depends on the thixotropic parameters of the fluid and the results about the onset of the Taylor vortices in shear-thinning fluids are retrieved. Nevertheless, the shear banding modifies the stratification of the viscosity in the flowing zone such that the critical conditions are mainly driven by the width of the flowing region.
|Nonlinear waves with a threefold rotational
symmetry in pipe flow:
influence of a strongly shear-thinning rheology,
E. Plaut, N. Roland and C. Nouar,
J. Fluid Mech. 818, 595-622 (2017).
In order to model the transition to turbulence in pipe flow of non-Newtonian fluids, the influence of a strongly shear-thinning rheology on the traveling waves with a threefold rotational symmetry of Faisst & Eckhardt (2003) ; Wedin & Kerswell (2004) is analyzed. The rheological model is Carreau's law. Besides the shear-thinning index nC, the dimensionless characteristic time λ of the fluid is considered as the main non-Newtonian control parameter. If λ = 0, the fluid is Newtonian. In the relevant limit λ → +∞, the fluid approaches a power-law behaviour. The laminar base flows are first characterized. To compute the nonlinear waves, a Petrov-Galerkin code is used, with continuation methods, starting from the Newtonian case. The axial wavenumber is optimized and the critical waves appearing at minimal values of the Reynolds number Rew based on the mean velocity and wall viscosity are characterized. As λ increases, these correspond to a constant value of the Reynolds number based on the mean velocity and viscosity. This viscosity, close to the one of the laminar flow, can be estimated analytically. Therefore the experimentally relevant critical Reynolds number Rewc can also be estimated analytically. This Reynolds number may be viewed as a lower estimate of the Reynolds number for the transition to developed turbulence. This demonstrates a quantified stabilizing effect of the shear-thinning rheology. Finally, the increase of the pressure gradient in waves, as compared to the one in the laminar flow with the same mass flux, is calculated, and a kind of `drag reduction effect' is found.
E. Plaut
|Last modified: Thu May 4 18:21:51 CEST 2017


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Swedish Young Pirates Confer on Mental Health and Labour Politics
In mid-November 2012, around fifty Young Pirates came to the Swedish town of Norrköping for a two-day political conference with focus on mental health and labour market politics.
The youth organization Young Pirates Sweden annually arranges a political conference for its members, and in the past two years it has been held in the Louis de Geer conference hall in Norrköping in East Sweden. This year's conference saw two themes: mental health, and labour market politics. In comparison to last year, the 2012 conference focused much more on political debate, whereas the 2011 conference had a larger focus on speakers.
The purpose of the conference was to stimulate discussion and debate among the members, and to encourage and motivate members to develop politics in these areas. The youth organisation pays for travel, living and food expenses for two members of each local organisation. Apart from the purely political discussions, the conference was also a great way to meet other pirates and to socialise. In the wee hours of both Saturday and Sunday mornings, many pirates were still up, playing board games and talking to people they often, otherwise only meet online, or who they've never met before.
Apart from the discussions, the conference also saw four different speakers. The keynote on Saturday was delivered by Gustav Nipe, president of Young Pirates Sweden, who introduced the topics for discussion. Johan Andersson, Member of the Swedish Parliament for the Social Democrats, talked about labour politics, and encouraged the pirates to engage in politics – though, as he said half-joking, he switch his party. After his talk he was confronted by a multitude of questions from the audience, both critical of his party's politics, and curious about his experiences and knowledge.
As the Social Democrats are the originators of a large deal of the surveillance politics that the Pirate Party currently fights in Sweden, one would have thought that the landscape would be very hostile and tense. Nothing could be further from the truth.
"I was very nicely received", Andersson said when Pirate Times spoke to him after the talk, "and you all had both concrete and constructive questions." When asked what he thought of the party's broadening political platform, he said that further involvement in these questions is indeed needed, even if he would prefer the conference attendees to come to his party instead.
When asked why he chose to come give his talk, he summarised a view point lacking in many politicians: "I agreed to come because I find it important, in all circumstances, to talk about our labour politics and about how to solve the problems of unemployment. The political engagement of citizens is never to be underestimated, even though I do hope that you change parties in the future."
The Social Democrats' opposing party, the Moderate Party, also had a speaker invited to the conference, but he chose to decline once he learned which organisation was holding the event.
Sunday saw talks by Christian Engström, one of the Pirate Party's Member of European Parliament, and Anna Troberg, leader of the Swedish Pirate Party.
"This conference is very important for the Pirate Party", said Troberg to Pirate Times. "It means that the youth engaged in Young Pirates get to come together to create social ties, and discuss politics and future political decisions. One can also see that the proposals that are voted through on member meetings are those previously discussed and worked through. When Young Pirates have meetings like these, where they have the time to form good ideas, the results are much more likely to be voted through in the future."
Featured image is CC BY-NC-SA Jonathan Rieder Lundkvist. More pictures from the conference are available at his site.
The full audio interview with Johan Andersson (in Swedish) is available on Youtube. The full interview with Anna Troberg will soon be available as its own article.


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POTTSVILLE, Pa. (AP) — A Pennsylvania police chief is suing the borough that wants to fire him over his profanity-laced Internet videos.
Suspended Gilberton Chief Mark Kessler is trying to block the town from holding a hearing on his termination in Scranton, some 60 miles away. His lawyer filed suit on Monday.
The borough has started the process of firing Kessler over the videos. A hearing on his termination was underway in Gilberton last October when it was halted abruptly after a handgun belonging to one of the chief's supporters dropped to the floor.
Gilberton wants to hold the rescheduled hearing at the Lackawanna County Courthouse in Scranton. Kessler is objecting, saying it's too much of an inconvenience for himself and the witnesses he wants to call.
(© Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
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There are an innumerable amount of extremely powerful and high quality Photoshop tools which can dramatically improve and speed up your workflow and are worth every penny one spends on get them. If you're looking for such new and creative ways by which to edit or enhance your images, then- plugins can make your Photoshop workflow go so much smoother and speed up the process of your project.
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If You enjoyed my post Please like, Share and Comment below. I would love to hear your thoughts!


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A man has been arrested after he was spotted by CCTV operators leaving a bar in Lisburn carrying "a pitcher of booze" before getting into a vehicle and driving off.
CityWatch Lisburn CCTV operators observed the man leaving licensed premises in the city centre at around 10.30pm on Wednesday night (November 9) and later spotted him driving on Chapel Hill.
The camera operators alerted police, who stopped the vehicle on the Moira Road a short time later and arrested the man on suspicion of driving with excess alcohol.
A post on the CityWatch Lisburn Facebook page said: "Another drink driver has been arrested and is on his way to custody after CityWatch CCTV operators observed the male leaving a bar with a pitcher of booze.
"The male was then observed driving away in a vehicle. Police were informed and the vehicle was stopped and the driver arrested for driving with excess alcohol."
Meanwhile, CityWatch CCTV operators have confirmed that they will be assisting police in Lisburn and Castlereagh with their Christmas anti-drink driving campaign.


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Havana_ Cuban President Raul Castro Ruz called today in this capital to find new and feasible solutions as for all the territories of the Caribbean could face regional challenges, such as the problems of air lines and maritime connections, the digital site of Prensa Latina reports.
In the beginning of the meeting for Heads of State and Government of the 7th Summit of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) President Raul Castro stated that the development of tourism, market diversification and the increase of tourism services are prioritized areas.
At the same time, Raul pointed out that in face of problems like climatic change, the increasing level of the sea, hurricanes, severe rains and coast erosion, it is indispensable to increase cooperation, to reduce the risk of natural disasters and of their destructive effects.


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Hello friends. (smile) I hope all is well in your world. All is well in my world, I just find myself in a weird place these days.
Sometimes, I think about quitting blogging.
Sometimes, I get tired of rhetoric.
Lately, I'm entertaining retirement from the circus.
I'm praying my way through.
Blessings until we meet here again. (smile)


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Routing Number: 325081885
Verity Credit Union is about serving the communities our members live, work and play in.
Verity Credit Union's mission includes a commitment to promoting strong and viable communities. We are proud and excited to share highlights of our dedication to said mission via volunteerism and monetary donations in our community engagement reports.
Through April 2019, Verity staff completed
1,085 community engagement hours
Verity Partners and Sponsorships
As part of our commitment to community, we offer microgrants to provide funding for specific project areas that advance community well-being including arts, music and sustainability.
What's in a name? For us, it's a renewed commitment to our members and their communities.
Let's get to know each other a little better. Find the next Verity event near you.
In Our Communities we are proud to enrich lives of those around us, whether financially, educationally, even environmentally.
Our branch locations are listed below. Find contact information, maps, upcoming events, and other resources pertaining to each community.


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Blog has moved!
The Barefoot Chronicles blog has moved to Jason's main site:
Barefoot Running University.
New posts as of 2010 have moved to the new address. Please update your links and blogroll.
Monday, August 30, 2010
The Greatest Ultramarathon Finish Ever! And a few more stories from the North Country Trail Races...
9 comments:
Good report, Jason. Down with global douchery. Long live love.ReplyDelete
So did Brad win by virtue of the brim of his hat crossing the finish line first as he fell on his face? Also, what shoes is Jesse wearing? Terra Planas?ReplyDelete
Anyway, congrats Jason on the good season. I am new to barefoot/minimalist running and long distance (never felt good running long distance before I started barefoot/minimalist) So maybe I'll see you in an Ultra in a few years.
Did you have any more thoughts on the Zensah Leg Sleeves if you wore them?ReplyDelete
Great report and nice videos.ReplyDelete
I didn't know her name was Shelly, and I didn't know she was your wife, but we shared the trail for a little bit and I got a picture of her:ReplyDelete
Sorry about your DNF - it was a warm and humid day that took a toll on lots of folks. Sounds like you've had a great running season, even if NCT didn't turn out the way you'd hoped.
Glad I missed the idiot who felt the need to spout off.
I just watched Shelly's finish for the first time since the day after the race. She made it look a little too easy!ReplyDelete
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Great Videos.. thanks for sharingReplyDelete
arcteryx jackets
Great post and nice for sharing. If ever you meet any problem with achilles tendonitis-ReplyDelete
Treatment for your Achilles Heel Pain | Achilles Tendonitis thanks for sharing


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Links Sort by: PageRank | Hits | Alphabetical
|Company set up UK - http://www.xocompanies.com/
UK based limited company formation agents, inclusive of Companies House registration, documentation and bank accounts. Other services include acting accountancy, VAT registration and registered office locations. - [Read more]
|Custom Home Builders - http://www.schumacherhomes.com/
At Schumacher Homes, our philosophy - and our business - has been built on an entirely new approach to custom home building: we`ve combined custom and value. - [Read more]
|remodeler San Antonio - http://www.vdb-sa.com
Vision Design and Build helps you in all aspects of the remodeling process. Let San Antonio's premier custom builder-remodeler team at Vision Design and Build help you design your dream home and make it a reality. - [Read more]
|Disaster Restoration - http://www.waterrestoration911.com/
There is nothing more debilitating than stepping into your home or business and finding water. - [Read more]
|Holden Australia - http://www.classiccarbase.com/holden.html
Holden car models are Holden Van 1950 Australia, Holden FJ 1954 Australia.Holden Australia, Holden Van 1950 Australia, Holden FJ 1954 Australia. - [Read more]
|Webbrands - Enciclopedia marcilor romanesti - http://webbrands.ro
Afla povestea din spatele fiecarui brand de succes din Romania. Vino si spune-ti si tu parerea si propune marca preferata sau inscrie propria companie in directorul online. - [Read more]
|Epos - http://www.eposretail.com
Epos, pos software for the retail trade. If your looking for a point of sale system solution with the ability to integrate into an ecommerce driven website try REPOS, we offer a FREE 60 day trial download - [Read more]
|Jatropha Curcas - http://www.jatrophaseedsexporter.com
World's highest yielding jatropha seeds with rich bio diesel content. - [Read more]
|security gates - http://www.midlandgateautomation.co.uk/
Bollards, security gates and electric gates supplied to you by midland gate automation. They supply an excellent service to cater for your gate automations requirements. - [Read more]
|Ecommerce Consulting Solutions - http://www.precharge.com/
Cost-effective tools to help jumpstart your Ecommerce business. - [Read more]
|Cosmetic Surgery London UK - http://www.111harleystreet.com
Exclusive London cosmetic surgery centre offering a wide range of treatments and procedures from breast surgery, face lifts, tummy tucks, and nose jobs through to Botox, Fraxel and Thermage treatments. Highly qualified and experienced surgeons use the most proven cosmetic techniques, equipment and products. - [Read more]
|Toll Free Conference Call - http://www.conferenceforfree.net
100% free conference calling for businesses and all their clients, the call is free and you will be able to talk to all your clients no matter where they are. - [Read more]
|Laurel MD Real Estate - http://www.exitre.org/
This website gives users excellent information on the Laurel MD real estate market. Visit this site to get answers to your particular questions at this user-friendly site with updated property listings and community links. Browse here for great Laurel MD real estate. - [Read more]
|Preferred, bleachers, theater seating, stadium chairs, telescopic seating and theatre seats offered. - http://www.preferred-seating.com
Theater seating, bleachers, stadium seats, auditorium, arena, church, telescopic bleachers, stadium chairs, used theater seating, bleacher and theatre chairs offered by Preferred Seating. Also offered is design and layouts for theatre seating, retractable seating and telescopic platforms. - [Read more]
|John Canning Painting and Conservation Studios - http://www.canning-studios.com
To foster and promote excellence in restoration and conservation by using a historically faithful preservation approach. Decorative Painting, Plaster Ornamentation, Historical Conservation, Historical Restoration, Gilding & Gold Leafing. - [Read more]
|Land planning & land permissions South East Englan - http://www.castle-land.co.uk/
Castle Land & Development offers land planning consultancy and land permissions services in the south east of England including Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Berkshire and Oxfordshire. Transparent land planning services from the start. - [Read more]
|Plumbing - http://www.plumbingknowledge.com/
Plumbing Knowledge offers great how to guides on plumbing, heating, pools, spas, hot tubs as well as great places to get discount plumbing supplies and pumps. - [Read more]
|Metal Letters - http://www.signwire.com/dimensional-letters/metal/metal.php
Specializing in metal letters and metal sign letters, we are SignWire. We also offer metal letter signs and metal lettering. - [Read more]
|Postal address UK - http://www.mail-forward.co.uk/
NOVICE UK Ltd is a company that offers mail-forwarding services to both private and corporate customers, their services will even forward mail from a company`s registration address providing it lies within the UK. - [Read more]
|Secure IT Hardware Disposal and Recycling - http://www.recyclemycomputer.co.uk/
PHS Datashred takes security of personal and corporate data very seriously. All data is permanently destroyed before parts are to be used in other IT Hardware equipment. - [Read more]


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Thursday, July 18, 2013
OFW Life: Follow Me!
23 comments:
you can also follow me.. :)ReplyDelete
ooh.. you have your own twitter account now.. happy twittering :)ReplyDelete
Congrats to your new account. Enjoy!ReplyDelete
I'm already following you! Welcome to the Twitter world hehe. That's a pretty good question; I love Vern! I do think maxi dresses are fine. :PReplyDelete
Alright, will be following! :) Keep safe there!ReplyDelete
I'm already your follower. :)ReplyDelete
hihi I tried twitter din for a while though ndi nko gnun ka active since im super bc... il try to add you if not follow me at Lamaloles and I will follow backReplyDelete
followed you! XDReplyDelete
Will follow you when I get to sign in.ReplyDelete
Oh, I'm already following you sis :-)ReplyDelete
Following you @MommyMaye. Like Leslie, I am not that active in Twitter na but I do share via Twitter. I am more active in Instagram, hehe.ReplyDelete
Happy tweeting everyone!!, ako lang ata ang walang twitter, If ever na maconvince ako in the future. I'll be following you:)ReplyDelete
I have a twitter account but I hardly use it. :) I'm into Instagram. Do you have an IG account? I'll follow you there instead. :)ReplyDelete
Soon I have my account I will follow. God Bless!ReplyDelete
following you po!ReplyDelete
will follow you back. my username's esoradiam.;) welcome to twitter!ReplyDelete
i've been inactive on twitter except for autoposts from my instagram. i will revisit my account and check yours out.ReplyDelete
Naku, I don't have a twitter account. I only have FB.ReplyDelete


text:
The mailing lists do seem to be gradually becoming operational again.
I gave up on my Guestbook ever becoming operational again and created a replacement, along with a snapshot of the entries that had been made up to Jun 2016.
The latest casualty, which had been working quite recently, was my LornaHenderson, WorldConnect database.
At the moment, and for the last few days, an update has been stalled after the load but before being made visible to the public again.
RootsWeb acknowledge problems exist but have no estimated time for a fix.
With that uncertainty and the usefulness of being able to point people to the BDM summary for all of the rellies and their connections I've quickly created* a, hopefully temporary, replacement
- the temporary replacement
- the permanent link - in case it starts working again - which it has 27 Dec
* by the newly available GedSite by John Cardinal. Using an existing GEDCom, the one the WorldConnect database is stuck on, it took less than an hour to set up and most of that was tweaking the wording of the main page and changing my mind about what other links to include in the menu.


text:
A financial institution must carry out a paper record search to the extent that the information on residence of an Account Holder is not captured by the electronic search.
For example, where the electronically searchable databases contain all the required information except for details of standing instructions to transfer funds, the paper record search will only be required to look for that information.
The paper record search should include a review of the current master file and, to the extent that they are not contained in the current master file, the following documents associated with the account and obtained by the financial institution within the last five years.
These should be reviewed for any of the indicia of residence detailed in AEIM 102920.
A financial institution can rely on the review of High Value Accounts by third party service providers where there is a contract obliging the service provider to perform the review.


text:
If you log on to www.nasa.gov right now and click on the link in the bottom right hand corner for NASA TV, you can hear my uncle talking to the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Every now and then an announcer will come on and tell you who he is (Kevin Ford), but you'll know who he is when the folks in the Shuttle call him "Kevin" or "Houston."
If you missed him tonight, you can log on tomorrow (Saturday) at around 5pm and he'll be back again talking to the Shuttle and helping them solve any problems they might have.


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Global Terror Update: Terrorism Models
AIR has not implemented major changes to its terrorism model since 2007. In 2008, RMS implemented a number of changes in its Probabilistic Terror Model, PTMv2.7. The latest updates to both AIR and RMS terror models are provided below.
AIR U.S. Terrorism Model
In September 2007, AIR, updated its damage functions to include the impact of reflected pressure waves following a conventional bomb blast - following two years of research. Earlier models had only taken account of incident pressure waves. Reflected pressure is always greater than incident pressure by a factor of up to 13X, depending on the density of the area in question. In general, this change to include reflective forces has lead to an increase in projected property losses by city.
The update to blast building damage functions is also reflected in enhanced injury severity distributions in AIR's workers compensation model. AIR examined research data from the medical community on the issue of trauma arising from terrorist bomb blasts. The updated model has a mixed effect on loss estimates by city, producing significant to moderate decreases in some locations or slight increases in others.
In 2008, AIR did not implement any significant changes to the Terrorism model. Medical cost severities and wages were brought to current levels using regional trending.
RMS U.S. Probabilistic Terrorism Model (PTM) and Global Terrorism Risk Model Targets
RMS implemented updates to the following aspects of the US model (PTM) last year: Target Database, VRG Footprints, Attack Likelihoods, and Building Vulnerability. The target database was updated to include 98 new targets, including chemical plants, government buildings, and convention and entertainment centers. To account for the added targets, the number of potential attacks has also increased and some existing attack footprints have been repositioned.
The PTM v2.7 reflects new attack multiplicity assumptions and changes to attack type likelihoods. Small scale attacks, such as vehicle bombs, have increased in likelihood and multiplicity, while likelihood and multiplicity of larger scale NBCR attacks remains low.
The combined effect of all changes incorporated into the PTM has increased annual loss for property. For workers compensation, increased fatality rates from certain attack types have lowered losses across all return periods; however, updates to the by state cost severities reduces the effects of the model changes and average annual loss is ultimately flat to slightly increased.
The Global Terrorism Risk Model (GTRM) was re-parameterized, based on the global terrorism landscape. Changes were made on a country to country basis, based on individual threats.
Click here to have articles from this series delivered directly to your inbox.


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"Not only does this wooden stepstool save Mom and Pop some steps," writes Gail E. Johnson from Duluth, Minnesota, "but it also gives your Little One the all-important opportunity to do for him- or herself some things that he or she is perfectly capable of doing . . . like getting that umpteenth drink of water, brushing teeth, or just plain washing up."
You can easily make your own wooden stepstool with a few common workshop tools and 52" length of 1" X 12" board . . . and, best of all, says Gail, the handy stool can be constructed from scratch in less than an hour (or two, if you're slow)!
Kick this project off by tracking down common workshop tools such as a power drill (with an assortment of drill bits and a countersink), a hand-held electric saber saw, a screwdriver, some wood glue (Elmer's Glue-All is fine), and a sheet or two of fine sandpaper. You'll also need 14 No. 8 X 1-1/4" flathead wood screws, a can of wood putty, a piece of string, some polyurethane or shellac, and a paintbrush.
Once you've gathered all of your equipment, cut the plank of wood into five pieces with the dimensions shown in the image gallery (remember that a standard 1" X 12" board is actually 3/4" thick and slightly over 11" wide). Don't worry about the rounded ends right now . . . you'll take care of them in the next few steps.
After the board is cut and set aside, enlarge the grid pattern in the image gallery so that the squares are 1" X 1" in size, then trace the shape on the larger grid and transfer it onto the two 11" X 13" side pieces.
Next, take your saber saw (or use a jigsaw if you have one) and cut out the scallop shapes on these two sections. Then, measure 11-inches from one end of the 3/4" X 10-1/4" X 16" back piece (the side that you measure from will become the bottom) and pencil a line across the board at this point. Determine the center of the line, and – with this mark as the pivot point – draw an arc across the top of the board from one side to the other using a pencil and length of string as a compass).
You also might want to make a handle for your stool by marking off a 1-1/2" X 3-1/2" ellipse directly in the center of the back piece, about three-quarters of an inch down from the top edge. With this done, you can cut the stool's back to the rounded shape as shown, and carve out the hole for the handle (you'll have to drill a starting hole within the "handle" first, then cut the piece of wood out with your saber saw).
Now place the back of the stool upright on a flat surface, and position the two side sections next to it so that the edges of the 11" X 13" boards are flush with the back of the 10-1/4" X 16" piece. Drill three 7/64" pilot holes (about 5 inches apart) through each side board and into the edge of the back piece, then use a 6/32" bit and enlarge the holes in the side boards to accommodate the screw shoulders. Finally, countersink these enlarged holes on the outer surface . . . so the screws will be recessed when they're installed.
At this point you should temporarily fasten the back and side pieces together, then take your two 3/4" X 5" X 10-1/4" boards and place them in position . . . with the top of the lower step five inches above the bottom of the stool and its forward edge about one and a half inches behind the stool's front edge. The upper step should be flush against the back of the stool with its top surface five inches above the top of the lower step.
When the step boards have been positioned correctly, drill your 7/64" "pilot" holes through the stool sides and into the steps . . . two (about four inches apart) in the end of each step board should be fine. Then, enlarge the holes in the stool sides with a 5/32" bit as before, and countersink the outer surfaces of the holes.
Remove the screws that hold the stool's back and sides together and smooth all of the surfaces of the wood with some fine sandpaper. Then, run a bead of glue along all the screw-fastened surfaces where wood meets wood and assemble the stool with your No. 8 X 1 1/4 wood screws.
Finally, fill all the screwhead holes with some wood putty, sand the filler smooth, and cover the entire step saver with the polyurethane or shellac of your choice. Let the sealant dry, and your tyke's new "toy" is ready for use.
Yep, Gail couldn't be happier with her handmade stepstool . . . and no wonder. "It saves a lot of wear and tear on us big folks, and at the same time gives our daughter a chance to learn . . . believe me, that youngster could barely wait for the shellac to dry and her world to grow!"


text: It's getting around to the time where those of you in final year have to sign up for graduation and start measuring yourselves for your gowns. I can't believe that it's nearly been a year since I graduated (cry cry) but I thought I'd share with you my top tips for the day! Continue reading


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EvoWash Cart (Waterless Mobile Car Wash Trolley)
1,100.00 $1,060.00 $
EvoWash Cart Car Wash Trolley is an environmentally friendly, single-handed, waterless car wash trolley. An innovative step towards waterless car wash service right at your doorstep! with its manual or electrical pump and rechargeable battery works effectively, providing you with the space to carry all the necessary elements required in car washing and detailing.
It requires only one person to manage and comes loaded with EvoWash Clean, EvoWash Wax, Microfiber towels, sponges, spray bottles, wheel/rim cleaner, heavy duty cleaner and tyre shine; all the essential car care products and equipment needed to carry out vehicle's waterless washing, waxing and detailing.
The fact that it is an autonomous unit with enough capacity to run for an entire day without the need for refilling compartments and recharging batteries makes it the best car wash trolley to provide services in any car park, at your client's garage or your service station.
In stock
EvoWash CART Car Wash Trolley has a single pump, which can be modified and replaced with two pumps. There are total two containers with 30-litre capacity for each. The body of the car wash cart uses fiberglass in its manufacture. This portable car wash trolley uses heavy and strong wheels and high reach nozzles. The weight of this mobile car wash trolley when it's totally empty is 115 Kg, and it's fully autonomous. No particular infrastructure is required to run it.
The trolley contains internal deposits for clean and dirty water, with enough capacity to work without refilling for up to 24 hours. There is a rechargeable battery provided to provide power to the electrical pump and the vacuum cleaner. The cart features a large work top area and two individual water tanks containers.
100% Eco-friendly Nature
Moreover, its environmentally-friendly nature makes it even more desirable to wax and detail your car. It saves your time as well as water from being wasted as it uses less 2 to 4 liters of water per vehicle wash. The cleaning wax it provides is 100% natural and water soluble. To be precise, it is all-in-one push-trolley unit that washes, waxes, protects and polishes your car within 25 minutes in your own garage, and is the best cost-effective and time-saving alternative to the traditional car wash!
Product Features & Benefits
- Compact and all-in-one auto detailing car wash system
- Pump Type are manual or electrical with rechargeable battery (prices are different)
- Number of Pumps: One, (you can also modify for two pumps)
- This Mobile Car Wash Trolley have 2 containers. (30 litres each container)
- Consumes less than 4 litres per wash
- Material of trolley body is in fiberglass
- High Reach Lance; pressure Nozzle
- Trolley Weight when empty: 115 kg
- Trolley Size are: Width 65cm, Length 120cm, Height 100cm
- Minimizes consumption of water (Save the Water)
- 100 % natural and soluble cleaning agents
- Eco-friendly Auto Carwash Trolley
Directions to Use EvoWash Mobile Car Wash Trolley
Connect your EvoWash-Cart Car Wash Trolley and let it recharge before taking it out for the day's work (if it is equipped with rechargeable battery). To prep the car cleaning products, simply add the EvoWash Clean Concentrate and required amount of water into the storage chamber. The contents once thoroughly mixed together are transferred to the pressure vessel by the pump and motor. Use the helli-coil hose attached to the Car Wash Trolley to reach and apply the car cleaning mixture to every nook and corner of the vehicle. Take the microfiber towel and with swift swiping motions lift off all the dirt and grime, save the dirtiest parts of the vehicle for last.
Once all the dirt is removed you can rinse the microfiber towels on spot. Simply pump fresh water into the wash compartment from the storage chamber and rinse the cloths off either during or after the wash. Use a clean microfiber towel to buff in the final product to impart shine and finish off the cleaning process.
*For heavily dirty vehicles, rinse off the thick layers of dirt with water first.
There are no reviews yet.


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|lists / announce owl-users owl-dev john-users john-dev passwdqc-users yescrypt popa3d-users / oss-security kernel-hardening musl sabotage tlsify passwords / crypt-dev xvendor / Bugtraq Full-Disclosure linux-kernel linux-netdev linux-ext4 PHC
Open Source and information security mailing list archives
From: mmaiffret at eEye.com (Marc Maiffret) Subject: EEYE: RealPlayer pnen3260.dll Heap Overflow RealPlayer pnen3260.dll Heap Overflow Release Date: October 1, 2004 Date Reported: August 09, 2004 Severity: High (Remote Code Execution) Vendor: RealNetworks Systems Affected: Windows: RealPlayer 10.5 (22.214.171.1240 and earlier) RealPlayer 10 RealPlayer 8 (Local Playback) RealOne Player V2 RealOne Player V1 Mac Player: RealPlayer 10 Beta for Mac OS X (Local Playback) RealOne Player (Local Playback) Linux Player: Linux RealPlayer 10 (Local Playback) Helix Player (Local Playback) Overview: eEye Digital Security has discovered a critical vulnerability in RealPlayer. The vulnerability allows a remote attacker to reliably overwrite heap memory with arbitrary data and execute arbitrary code in the context of the user who executed the player. This specific flaw exists within the pnen3260.dll file used by RealPlayer. By specially crafting a malformed .rm movie file along with a SMIL file, a direct heap overwrite is triggered, and reliable code execution is then possible. Technical Details: The code in pnen3260.dll among other things is responsible for handling .rm files. The vulnerability is triggered by setting the length field of the VIDORV30 data chunk to 0xFFFFFFF8 - 0xFFFFFFFF this will cause an integer overflow which leads to a small block of memory being allocated, we call this movie from a SMIL file to handle the initial exception, eventually overflowing the buffer. Protection: Retina Network Security Scanner has been updated to identify this vulnerability. Vendor Status: RealNetworks has released a patch for this vulnerability. The patch is available via the "Check for Update" menu item under Tools on the RealPlayer menu bar. Credit: Discovery: Karl Lynn Related Links: Retina Network Security Scanner - Free 15 Day Trial http://www.eeye.com/html/Products/Retina/download.html Greetings: Joel Degan, Mark Dowd, Bruce Felker, Mike Puterbaugh, Las Vegas craps tables and the coolers. Copyright (c) 1998-2004 eEye Digital Security Permission is hereby granted for the redistribution of this alert electronically. It is not to be edited in any way without express consent of eEye. If you wish to reprint the whole or any part of this alert in any other medium excluding electronic medium, please email alert@...e.com for permission. Disclaimer The information within this paper may change without notice. Use of this information constitutes acceptance for use in an AS IS condition. There are no warranties, implied or express, with regard to this information. In no event shall the author be liable for any direct or indirect damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use or spread of this information. Any use of this information is at the user's own risk.
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