text: Science, Tech, Math › Animals and Nature Pterosaur Pictures and Profiles Share Flipboard Email Print Animals and Nature Dinosaurs Pterosaurs Basics Dinosaur Scientists Carnivores Dinosaurs & Birds Herbivores Marine Reptiles Prehistoric Mammals Tetrapods & Amphibians Animals and Zoology Insects Marine Life Forestry Evolution by Bob Strauss Bob Strauss is a freelance writer and editor with over 25 years of experience in print and online media. He is the author of three books. Updated March 17, 2017 01 of 51 These Pterosaurs Ruled the Skies of the Mesozoic Era Tapejara. Sergey Krasovskiy Pterosaurs--the "winged lizards"--ruled the skies of the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. On the following slides, you'll find pictures and detailed profiles of 50 pterosaurs, ranging from A (Aerotitan) to Z (Zhejiangopterus). 02 of 51 Aerotitan Aerotitan. Nobu Tamura Name Aerotitan (Greek for "air titan"); pronounced AIR-oh-tie-tan Habitat Skies of South America Historical Period Late Cretaceous (75-65 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of 15-20 feet and about 200 pounds Diet Meat Distinguishing Characteristics Large size; long, narrow beak The end of the Cretaceous period witnessed the rise of the "azhdarchid" pterosaurs, huge, flying reptiles possessing wingspans of 20, 30 or even 40 feet (the largest of this breed, Quetzalcoatlus, was the size of a small plane!) The importance of the impressively named Aerotitan is that it's the first undisputed azhdarchid pterosaur to have been native to South America, and it's possible that full-grown members of the genus rivaled Quetzalcoatlus in size. To date, though, Aerotitan is represented in the fossil record by very limited remains (only parts of the beak), so any speculation should be indulged in with a big grain of Cretaceous salt. 03 of 51 Aetodactylus Aetodactylus. Karen Carr Name: Aetodactylus (Greek for "eagle finger"); pronounced AY-toe-DACK-till-us Habitat: Skies of North America Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (95 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of nine feet and weight of 20-30 pounds Diet: Small fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow snout studded with sharp teeth "Diagnosed" on the basis of its partial jawbones--which were discovered in southwestern Texas--Aetodactylus was a toothed pterosaur closely related to the slightly larger Ornithocheirus, and is only the second pterosaur of its kind to be discovered in North America. Clearly, this creature made its living by diving into the shallow Western Interior Sea (which covered much of western North America during the middle Cretaceous period) and spearing fish and marine reptiles. The discovery of Aetodactylus is a hint that the pterosaurs of North America may have been more diverse than previously believed, encompassing all sizes of toothed and toothless species. This makes sense, since toothed pterosaurs have been discovered in contemporary Cretaceous deposits in Eurasia, which was once joined to North America in the supercontinent Laurasia. 04 of 51 Alanqa Alanqa. Davide Belladonna Name: Alanqa (Arabic for "phoenix"); pronounced a-LAN-kah Habitat: Swamps of northern Africa Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (95 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 20 feet and 100-200 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; heron-like lower jaw Announced to the world in 2010, Alanqa (its last, or species, name is the self-explanatory "saharica") was a giant northern African pterosaur, and possibly the earliest of the plus-sized "azhdarchid" pterosaurs that terrorized the small dinosaurs, fish and mammals of the late Cretaceous period (the most famous azhdarchid was the truly enormous Quetzalcoatlus). As is the case with other azhdarchids, it's possible that Alanqa saharica wasn't capable of flight, but stalked the swamps of the once-lush Sahara like a predatory, theropod dinosaur. Beyond its size, though, the most notable thing about Alanqa is where its remains were found--the fossil evidence for African pterosaurs is extremely scarce! 05 of 51 Anhanguera Anhanguera. North American Museum of Ancient Life Name: Anhanguera (Portuguese for "old devil"); pronounced ahn-han-GAIR-ah Habitat: Skies of South America and Australia Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (125-115 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 15 feet and 40-50 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, crested beak and long neck; small legs One of the larger pterosaurs of the early Cretaceous period, Anhanguera was also one of the few to sport crests on both sides of its long, narrow beak: a bulbous protrusion on top and a smaller, less obvious swelling on the bottom. Aside from this unusual feature, the most notable thing about Anhanguera was its relatively weak, puny legs; clearly, this pterosaur spent most of its time in the air, and had a clumsy, splay-footed posture on land. Anhanguera's closest relative was the later Ornithocheirus; we can only speculate whether it was as colorful as two other roughly contemporary South American pterosaurs, Tapejara and Tupuxuara. 06 of 51 Anurognathus Anurognathus. Dmitry Bogdanov If the name Anurognathus seems difficult to pronounce, the translation is even weirder: "frog jaw." The shape of its head aside, the most notable thing about this pterosaur was its diminutive size--only about three inches long and a quarter of an ounce! See an in-depth profile of Anurognathus 07 of 51 Austriadactylus Austriadactylus. Julio Lacerda Name Austriadactylus (Greek for "Austrian finger"); pronounced AW-stree-ah-DACK-till-us Habitat Skies of western Europe Historical Period Late Triassic (200 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of two feet and a few pounds Diet Fish Distinguishing Characteristics Long, crested skull; long tail Considering how many ancestral pterosaurs have been discovered in Germany's Solnhofen fossil beds, it's only fair that Germany's southern neighbor Austria got into the act as well. Named in 2002, based on a single, incomplete specimen, Austradactylus was a classic "rhamphorhynchoid" pterosaur, with a disproportionately large head perched atop a tiny, long-tailed body. Its closest relatives seem to have been the better-attested Campylognathoides and Eudimorphodon, to the extent that some paleontologists classify it as a species of the latter genus. 08 of 51 Azhdarcho Azhdarcho. Andrey Atuchin Name: Azhdarcho (Uzbek for "dragon"); pronounced azh-DAR-coe Habitat: Plains of central Asia Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (90 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 15 feet and 20-30 pounds Diet: Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long wings; short tail; long, massive head As so often happens in paleontology, Azhdarcho is less important in itself than in the fact that this creature has lent its name to an important family of pterosaurs: the "azhdarchids," which includes giant, flying reptiles of the late Cretaceous period like Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus. Azhdarcho itself is known by only limited fossil remains, which present the picture of a medium-sized pterosaur possessing a bizarrely oversized head and beak--a strange mix of anatomical traits that has occasioned some controversy about Azhdarcho's feeding habits. 09 of 51 Bakonydraco Bakonydraco. Sergey Krasovskiy Name: Bakonydraco (Greek for "Bakony dragon"); pronounced BAH-coe-knee-DRAY-coe Habitat: Plains of central Europe Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-80 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 15 feet and 20-30 pounds Diet: Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Small, backward-pointing crest; toothless lower jaw As is the case with many pterosaurs, Bakonydraco is represented in the fossil record by frustratingly incomplete remains, mostly comprising its lower jaw. Based on some distinctive anatomical structures, though, it's clear that this was a medium-sized, "azhdarchid" pterosaur ancestral to later giants like Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus--and, judging by the distinctive shape of its skull, Bakonydraco probably pursued a highly specialized diet, either consisting of fish or fruit (or possibly both). 10 of 51 Caiuajara Caiujara. Mauricio Oliveira Name Caiuajara (a combination of the Caiua Formation and Tapejara); pronounced KY-ooh-ah-HAH-rah Habitat Deserts of South America Historical Period Late Cretaceous (85 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of six feet and 5-10 pounds Diet Small animals Distinguishing Characteristics Moderate size; large head with prominent crest Compared to other prehistoric creatures, the fossils of pterosaurs are surprisingly evanescent--often a new genus is diagnosed on the basis of a single fractured wing, or a piece of jaw. What makes Caiaujara special is that the type specimen of this pterosaur was reconstructed from hundreds of bones corresponding to dozens of individuals, all discovered in the same fossil bed in southern Brazil in 1971, but only examined by paleontologists in 2011. Caiuajara was clearly related to Tapejara (after which it is partially named), and its recovery from a tangled bonebed is a strong hint that this late Cretaceous pterosaur was gregarious in nature and lived in extended colonies (a behavior shared by only one other identified pterosaur, Pterodaustro). 11 of 51 Campylognathoides Campylognathoides. Dmitri Bogdanov Name: Campylognathoides (Greek for "curved jaw"); pronounced CAMP-ill-og-NATH-oy-deez Habitat: Skies of Eurasia Historical Period: Early Jurassic (180 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of five feet and a few pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large eyes; upward-curving jaws An early Jurassic pterosaur that would probably be better known if it had a more pronounceable name, Campylognathoides was a classic "rhamphorhynchoid," with its small size, long tail, and relatively large head. The large eyes of Campylognathoides indicate that this pterosaur may have fed at night, and its upward-curving jaws point to a diet of fish, for which it would have dived like a modern seagull. Although numerous pterosaurs have been discovered in western Europe (and especially England), Campylognathoides is notable in that one of its "type fossils" was unearthed in India as well, a hint that it may have had a very widespread distribution 180 million years ago. 12 of 51 Caulkicephalus Caulkicephalus. Nobu Tamura Name: Caulkicephalus (Greek for "caulk head"): pronounced CAW-kih-SEFF-ah-luss Habitat: Skies of western Europe Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (130-125 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 15 feet and 40-50 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; crest on head; oddly pointed teeth The name Caulkicephalus is a bit of an in-joke among paleontologists: the residents of the Isle of Wight, where the incomplete remains of this pterosaur were discovered in the late 1990's, are affectionately known as "caulkheads," and Caulkicephalus is a rough Greek translation. This pterosaur bore an evolutionary relationship to both Pterodactylus and Ornithocheirus; its 15-foot wingspan and unique tooth structure (various teeth in the front of its narrow beak pointing in different directions) hint that it made its living by swooping out of the sky and plucking fish out of the water. 13 of 51 Cearadactylus Cearadactylus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Cearadactylus (Greek for "Ceara finger"); pronounced see-AH-rah-DACK-till-us Habitat: Lakes and rivers of South America Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (110-100 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 18 feet and 30-40 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow jaws capped by intermeshing teeth Named after the Ceara region of Brazil, where its single, incomplete fossil was discovered, Cearadactylus was a typical plus-sized pterosaur of the middle Cretaceous period whose closest relatives were Ctenochasma and Gnathosaurus. Judging by its long, narrow beak with long, intermeshing teeth at the very end, Cearadactylus made its living by plucking fish out of lakes and rivers. Unlike other South American pterosaurs, Cearadactylus lacked an ornate crest on top of its head, and probably didn't sport the bright colors of genera like Tapejara and Tupuxuara. 14 of 51 Coloborhynchus Coloborhynchus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Coloborhynchus (Greek for "maimed beak"); pronounced CO-low-bow-RINK-us Habitat: Skies of North America and Eurasia Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (110-100 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 100 pounds and wingspan of 20-25 feet Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; toothed jaws Because the bones of pterosaurs don't tend to preserve well in the fossil record, these flying reptiles are often identified by fragments of beaks or wings. Coloborhynchus was named in 1874 by the famous paleontologist Richard Owen on the basis of a partial upper jaw; many paleontologists, however, considered this genus to be identical to the better-attested Ornithocheirus. Over a century later, the discovery of additional jaw fossils, with the characteristic orientation of their front teeth, lent more weight to Owen's original designation. The reason Coloborynchus has been in the news lately is the recent discovery of an unusually large jaw fragment, which points to a toothed pterosaur bearing a 23-foot wingspan--meaning that Coloborhynchus outclassed even its close relative Ornithocheirus in size. Even still, the various proposed species of Coloborhynchus continue to carry a faint whiff of disreputability; no sooner had this pterosaur untangled itself from Ornithocheirus than other paleontologists lumped it in with even more obscure genera like Uktenedactylus and Siroccopteryx. 15 of 51 Ctenochasma Ctenochasma. Wikimedia Commons Name: Ctenochasma (Greek for "comb jaw"); pronounced STEN-oh-KAZZ-mah Habitat: Lakes and ponds of western Europe Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 3-4 feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Plankton Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow beak with hundreds of needle-like teeth The name Ctenochasma (Greek for "comb jaw") is right on the money: the long, narrow beak of this late Jurassic pterosaur was studded with over 200 fine, needle-like teeth, which created an intermeshing, comb-like structure well-suited to filtering plankton from the ponds and lakes of western Europe. To judge by this pterosaur's well-preserved remains (some of which were found at the Solnhofen fossil beds in Germany), adult Ctenochasma possessed modest crests on their heads, which were lacking in juveniles. Also, it appears that Ctenochasma hatchlings were born with only 50 or 60 teeth, and sprouted the full complement as they aged. 16 of 51 Cuspicephalus Cuspicephalus. Nobu Tamura Name Cuspicephalus (Greek for "pointy head"); pronounced CUSS-pih-SEFF-ah-luss Habitat Skies of western Europe Historical Period Late Jurassic (155 million years ago) Size and Weight About three feet long and a few pounds Diet Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics Long, pointed beak; short tail Discovered in England in 2009, and announced to the world four years later, Cuspicephalus was a classic "pterodactyloid" pterosaur of the late Jurassic period, about 155 million years ago. What set Cuspicephalus apart from other pterosaurs of its kind was its foot-long skull, half of which was taken up by an elongated "fenestra" (i.e., the hollow portion of its skull) and the other half by a narrow snout studded with about 40 teeth. Amusingly, not only does the genus name Cuspicephalus translate as "pointy head," but this pterosaur's species name (scarfi) honors the British cartoonist Gerald Scarfe, famous for his pointy-nosed caricatures. 17 of 51 Cycnorhamphus Cycnorhamphus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Cycnorhamphus (Greek for "swan beak"); pronounced SIC-no-RAM-fuss Habitat: Skies of western Europe Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 4-5 feet and 10 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Short tail; long bill with outward-curving teeth Not the most easily spelled pterosaur, Cycnoramphus was originally known as Gallodactylus ("French finger"), until a reassessment of its fossil specimens prompted paleontologists to revert to the genus name coined way back in 1870, by the famous paleontologist Harry Seeley. Essentially, Cycnorhamphus was an extremely close cousin of Pterodactylus, virtually indistinguishable from this more famous pterosaur except for the buck teeth studding the ends of its jaws (which were probably an adaptation to grasping and cracking mollusks and other shelled invertebrates). 18 of 51 Darwinopterus Darwinopterus. Nobu Tamura Darwinopterus, represented by over 20 fossils from northeastern China, is a transitional form between the two main types of pterosaur, rhamphorhynchoid and pterodactyloid. This flying reptile had an unusually large head and beak, but a puny body with a long, primitive tail. See an in-depth profile of Darwinopterus 19 of 51 Dimorphodon Dimorphodon. Dmitry Bogdanov Dimorphodon is one of those creatures that looks like it was put together wrong out of the box: its head is much bigger than that of other pterosaurs, and might as well have been cut and pasted from a larger, terrestrial dinosaur. See an in-depth profile of Dimorphodon 20 of 51 Dorygnathus Dorygnathus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Dorygnathus (Greek for "spear jaw"); pronounced DOOR-rig-NATH-us Habitat: Shores of western Europe Historical Period: Early Jurassic (190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 3 feet long and a few pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long tail; long, intermeshing front teeth With its long tail and narrow wings, Dorygnathus was a good example of what paleontologists call a "rhamphorhynchoid" pterosaur (among its closest relatives were Rhamphorhynchus and Dimorphodon). Rhamphorhynchoids have been found almost exclusively in western Europe, though it's not clear if this is because they were confined to this geographical location or if conditions in early Jurassic Europe happened to be well-suited for fossil preservation. The most notable feature of Dorygnathus was its long, intermeshing front teeth, which it almost certainly used to snag fish off the surface of the water and hold them firmly in its mouth. Although the fossil specimens discovered so far have been fairly small, as pterosaurs go, there's some speculation that adults of the species may have grown throughout their lives and attained wingspans of five or six feet. 21 of 51 Dsungaripterus Dsungaripterus. Nobu Tamura Name: Dsungaripterus (Greek for "Junggar Basin wing"); pronounced SUNG-ah-RIP-ter-us Habitat: Seashores of Asia Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (130 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 10 feet and 20-30 pounds Diet: Fish and crustaceans Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, upward-curving beak; bony crest on snout In most ways, Dsungaripterus was a typical pterosaur of the early Cretaceous period, with large, leathery wings, hollow bones, and a long neck and head. Its most unusual feature was its beak, which curved upward at the tip, an adaptation that likely helped it spear fish or pry shellfish from the undersides of rocks. This pterosaur also had an unusual crest on its snout, which was probably a sexually selected characteristic (that is, males with bigger crests had a better chance of mating with females, or vice-versa). 22 of 51 Eudimorphodon Eudimorphodon. Wikimedia Commons Eudimorphodon holds an important place in the record books as one of the earliest pterosaurs: this smallish (only about two feet long) reptile hopped around the shores of Europe a whopping 210 million years ago, during the late Triassic period. See an in-depth profile of Eudimorphodon 23 of 51 Europejara Europejara. Wikimedia Commons Name Europejara (combination English/Tupi for "European being"); pronounced your-OH-peh-HAR-rah Habitat Skies of western Europe Historical Period Early Cretaceous (125 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of six feet and 20-25 pounds Diet Probably fruit Distinguishing Characteristics Large crest on head; toothless jaws During the early Cretaceous period, the skies of South America were filled with colorful, big-crested pterosaurs like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, which were roughly analogous to the giant parrots and macaws that populate that continent today. The importance of Europejara is that it's the first "tapejarid" pterosaur to be discovered in Europe, a hint that these pterosaurs may have had a wider distribution than previously believed. By tapejarid standards, though, Europejara was fairly small, with a wingspan of only six feet, and the lack of teeth in its jaws points to an exclusive diet of fruit, rather than smaller mammals, birds and reptiles. 24 of 51 Feilongus Feilongus. Nobu Tamura Name: Feilongus (Chinese for "flying dragon"); pronounced fie-LONG-us Habitat: Skies of Asia Historical Period: Early-Middle Cretaceous (130-115 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of eight feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Crests on top of snout and back of skull; long, narrow beak Feilongus is only one of a huge assortment of pterosaurs, feathered dinosaurs and prehistoric birds that have been recovered from China's Jehol fossil beds; it belonged to the same general group as the more well-known Pterodactylus and Ornithocheirus. (Just how complicated is it to sort out the evolutionary relationships of pterosaurs? Well, technically Feilongus is known as an "archaeopterodactyloid.") Like other pterosaurs of the early Cretaceous period, the long-beaked Feilongus made its living by diving for fish in the lakes and ponds of its Asian habitat. 25 of 51 Germanodactylus Germanodactylus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Germanodactylus (Greek for "German finger"); pronounced jer-MAN-oh-DACK-till-us Habitat: Shores of Western Europe Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of three feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Short tail; prominent head crest One of the problems with investigating the evolutionary relationships of pterosaurs is that these flying reptiles were so numerous, and so similar looking, that they can be hard to distinguish from one another on the genus (much less the species) level. A case in point is the late Jurassic Germanodactylus, which for years was thought to be a species of Pterodactylus, until a more rigorous analysis showed that it deserved its own genus. As pterosaurs go, Germanodactylus tended toward plain vanilla, except for its prominent (and probably prominently colored) head crest--which was composed of solid bone on the bottom and soft tissue on the top. This crest was most likely a sexually selected characteristic (i.e., males with bigger crests had the opportunity to mate with more females, or vice-versa), and it may secondarily have served some aerodynamic function. 26 of 51 Gnathosaurus Gnathosaurus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Gnathosaurus (Greek for "jaw lizard"); pronounced NATH-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Lakes and ponds of western Europe Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of five feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Plankton and small marine organisms Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow beak with numerous teeth Gnathosaurus was discovered very early in paleontological history--so early that, when its incomplete fossil was unearthed in Germany's Solnhofen fossil beds in 1833, this creature was identified as a prehistoric crocodile. Soon enough, though, experts realized they were dealing with a medium-sized pterosaur, which clearly used its narrow, tooth-studded beak to filter plankton and small marine organisms from the lakes and ponds of western Europe. Gnathosaurus was closely related to another plankton-feeding pterosaur of the late Jurassic period, Ctenochasma, and it's possible that at least one species of Pterodactylus may wind up being assigned to this genus. 27 of 51 Hamipterus Hamipterus. Chuang Zhao Name Hamipterus ("Hami wing," after the Turhan-Hami Basin); pronounced ham-IP-teh-russ Habitat Rivers and lakes of Asia Historical Period Early Cretaceous (120 million years ago) Size and Weight About three feet long and a few pounds Diet Fish Distinguishing Characteristics Moderate size; long, narrow crest on snout Preserved pterosaur eggs are rarer than the proverbial hen's teeth--which is why the recent discovery of Hamipterus alongside a clutch of its own eggs made such big news. Like another early Cretaceous pterosaur, Ikrandraco, Hamipterus seems to have been gregarious (its tangled bones have been discovered by the thousands in northwestern China), and it appears to have buried its elongated eggs along the shores of lakes, to keep them from drying out (though there's no evidence that adults cared for the hatchlings after they were born). Hamipterus was also distinguished by a long, narrow and probably colorful crest along the top of its beak, which may have been more prominent in males than in females (or vice-versa). 28 of 51 Hatzegopteryx Hatzegopteryx. Wikimedia Commons Name: Hatzegopteryx (Greek for "Hatzeg wing"); pronounced HAT-zeh-GOP-teh-rix Habitat: Skies of central Europe Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (65 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of up to 40 feet and weight of 200-250 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; three-foot-long beak Hatzegopteryx poses a puzzle worthy of a TV detective show. To judge from this reptile's incomplete remains, including pieces of its skull and humerus, Hatzegopteryx may have been the largest pterosaur that ever lived, with a wingspan possibly approaching 40 feet (compared to "only" 35 feet or so for the biggest known pterosaur, Quetzalcoatlus). Even the skull of Hatzegopteryx was gigantic, one reconstruction pegging it at over ten feet long, which would count as the biggest noggin of any non-marine creature in earth's history. So what's the mystery? Well, apart from the elusive nature of Hatzegopteryx's fossil remains--it's a tricky business to reconstruct an extinct animal from only a handful of bones--there's the fact that this pterosaur lived on Hatzeg Island, which was isolated from the rest of Europe during the late Cretaceous period. The dinosaurs that lived on Hatzeg Island, most notably Telmatosaurus and Magyarosaurus, were much smaller than their mainland contemporaries, an example of "insular dwarfism" (that is, creatures on small islands tend to evolve to small sizes, so as not to outgrow the available resources). Why would such a huge pterosaur have lived on an island populated by dwarf dinosaurs? Until more fossil evidence is uncovered, we may never know the answer for sure. 29 of 51 Ikrandraco Ikrandraco. Chuang Zhao Ikrandraco is an odd choice to honor the Ikran, or "mountain banshees," of the hit movie Avatar: this early Cretaceous pterosaur was only about two and a half feet long and a few pounds, whereas the Ikran from flick are majestic, horse-sized creatures. See an in-depth profile of Ikrandraco 30 of 51 Istiodactylus Istiodactylus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Istiodactylus (Greek for "sail finger"); pronounced ISS-tee-oh-DACK-till-us Habitat: Skies of western Europe Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (125 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 15 foot wingspan and 50 pounds Diet: Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; long, pointed beak It took more than a century for Istiodactylus to be untangled from controversy (long story short, this mid-sized pterosaur was initially classified as a species of Ornithodesmus, until Ornithodesmus was itself downgraded because some of its bones turned out to belong to a terrestrial theropod, i.e. carnivorous dinosaur). Assigned to its own genus in 2001, Istiodactylus appears to have been an average pterosaur of the early Cretaceous period, closely related to the South American Anhanguera. 31 of 51 Jeholopterus Jeholopterus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Jeholopterus (Greek for "Jehol wing"); pronounced JAY-hole-OP-ter-us Habitat: Shores of Asia Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150-145 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of three feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Probably insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Large, blunt head; large claws; hair-like pycnofibers on body Science writers sometimes make mistakes, just like the rest of us. A few years ago, one well-meaning journalist proposed that Jeholopterus was far from your garden-variety pterosaur, interpreting its unusually large and sharp claws, its cat-like head, its widely articulated jaws (meaning it could open it mouth wider than other pterosaurs), its unusually short tail (for a rhamphorhynchoid pterosaur, that is), its coat of hair-like "pycnofibers" and, most controversially, the supposed fangs in the front of its mouth as meaning that it lived like a modern vampire bat, attaching itself to the backs of gigantic sauropods and sucking their blood. Name: Jeholopterus (Greek for "Jehol wing"); pronounced JAY-hole-OP-ter-us Habitat: Shores of Asia Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150-145 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of three feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Probably insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Large, blunt head; large claws; hair-like pycnofibers on body Science writers sometimes make mistakes, just like the rest of us. A few years ago, one well-meaning journalist proposed that Jeholopterus was far from your garden-variety pterosaur, interpreting its unusually large and sharp claws, its cat-like head, its widely articulated jaws (meaning it could open it mouth wider than other pterosaurs), its unusually short tail (for a rhamphorhynchoid pterosaur, that is), its coat of hair-like "pycnofibers" and, most controversially, the supposed fangs in the front of its mouth as meaning that it lived like a modern vampire bat, attaching itself to the backs of gigantic sauropods and sucking their blood. 32 of 51 Muzquizopteryx Muzquizopteryx. Nobu Tamura Name Muzquizopteryx (Greek for "Muzquiz wing"); pronounced MOOZ-kee-ZOP-teh-ricks Habitat Skies of southern North America Historical Period Late Cretaceous (90-85 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of 6-7 feet and about 10-20 pounds Diet Probably fish Distinguishing Characteristics Moderate size; short tail; narrow beak The pterosaurs of late Cretaceous North and South America were known for their large sizes--witness the enormous Quetzalcoatlus--which makes Muzquizopteryx, with its wingspan of only six or seven feet, the proverbial exception that proves the rule. This "pterodactyloid" pterosaur lacked teeth, had a long, narrow head topped by a short, rounded crest, and has been classified as a close relative of the big, colorfully crested Nyctosaurus. Oddly enough, both known fossil specimens of Muzquizopteryx were discovered by accident in a Mexican quarry; the first briefly decorated the wall of a quarry official, and the second was sold to a private collector and subsequently purchased by a Mexican natural history museum. 33 of 51 Nemicolopterus Nemicolopterus. Nobu Tamura Name: Nemicolopterus (Greek for "flying forest dweller"); pronounced NEH-me-co-LOP-ter-us Habitat: Forests of Asia Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (120 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 inches long and a few ounces Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; curved claws to grasp tree branches One of the latest in a series of spectacular Chinese fossil discoveries, Nemicolopterus is the smallest pterosaur (flying reptile) yet identified, comparable in size to a modern pigeon or sparrow. As tiny as it was, though, it's possible that Nemicolopterus occupied an early spot in the evolutionary line that produced monstrous late-Cretaceous pterosaurs like Pteranodon and Quetzalcoatlus. Because of the curved shape of its claws, paleontologists speculate that Nemicolopterus perched high up on the branches of ancient gingko and conifer trees, jumping from branch to branch to feed on insects (and, not incidentally, avoiding the larger tyrannosaurs and raptors that stomped through the woodlands of early Cretaceous Asia). 34 of 51 Ningchengopterus Ningchengopterus. Nobu Tamura Name Ningchengopterus (Greek for "Ningcheng wing"); pronounced NING-cheng-OP-teh-russ Habitat Skies of eastern Asia Historical Period Early Cretaceous (130-125 million years ago) Size and Weight About one foot long and less than a pound Diet Probably insects Distinguishing Characteristics Small size; short coat of fur By all rights, Ningchengopterus should be a much better known creature than it is: the "type specimen" of this early Cretaceous pterosaur fossilized shortly after it hatched, giving paleontologists valuable insight into the early lives of these flying reptiles. Most notably, the wing structure of this juvenile shows that it was capable of flight--meaning newly hatched pterosaurs may have required minimal parental care before leaving the nest--and the preserved "pycnofibers" (a type of reptilian fur) probably had an insulating function. Pending further fossil discoveries, we don't yet know what size a full-grown Ningchengopterus was, or exactly what this pterosaur ate (though the hatchlings probably subsisted on insects). 35 of 51 Nyctosaurus Nyctosaurus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Nyctosaurus (Greek for "night lizard"); pronounced NICK-toe-SORE-us Habitat: Shores of North and South America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 10 feet and 10-20 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, narrow, branched crest on head; possible sail For over a hundred years, Nyctosaurus was believed to be a species of Pteranodon. That view changed in 2003, when a new fossil was discovered bearing an enormous, skeletal head crest, three times the length of this pterosaur's snout (and itself punctuated by a smaller, backward-pointing segment of bone). Clearly, paleontologists were dealing with an entirely new genus of pterosaur. The question is, why did Nyctosaurus have this huge head ornament? Some paleontologists think this bone may actually have been the "mast" of an enormous sail of skin, which presumably helped Nyctosaurus fly, float and/or steer over the skies of North and South America. However, some aerodynamically inclined experts doubt that such an enormous structure would have been stable in flight--and in any event, if it gave Nyctosaurus such a huge aerodynamic advantage, other pterosaurs of the Cretaceous period would doubtless have evolved their own sails. More likely, this was a sexually selected characteristic, meaning males (or females) with bigger head crests were more attractive to the opposite sex. 36 of 51 Ornithocheirus Ornithocheirus. Wikimedia Commons With a wingspan of over 10 feet, Ornithocheirus was one of the largest pterosaurs of the middle Cretaceous period; truly giant members of this flying reptile family didn't appear on the scene until tens of millions of years later. See an in-depth profile of Ornithocheirus 37 of 51 Peteinosaurus Peteinosaurus. Nobu Tamura Name: Peteinosaurus (Greek for "winged lizard"); pronounced peh-TAIN-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Skies of western Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic (220-210 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of two feet and 3-4 ounces Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; long tail; relatively large wings Along with Preondactylus and Eudimorphodon, to both of which it was closely related, Peteinosaurus was one of the earliest known pterosaurs, a wee, long-tailed, hummingbird-sized reptile that flew the skies of late Triassic western Europe. Unusually for a "rhamphorhynchoid" pterosaur, the wings of Peteinosaurus were only about twice, rather than three times, as long as its hind legs, though its long tail was otherwise characteristic of the breed. Oddly enough, Peteinosaurus, rather than Eudimorphodon, may have been the direct ancestor of the well-known Jurassic pterosaur Dimorphodon. 38 of 51 Pteranodon Pteranodon. Wikimedia Commons Pteranodon attained wingspans of up to six feet, and its birdlike characteristics included (possibly) webbed feet and a toothless beak. Weirdly, this pterosaur's prominent, foot-long crest was actually attached to its skull! See an in-depth profile of Pteranodon 39 of 51 Pterodactylus Pterodactylus. Alain Beneteau Pterodactylus isn't quite the same thing as a "pterodactyl," a made-up name that's often used by Hollywood producers. As pterosaurs go, Pterodactylus wasn't particularly big, with a wingspan of three feet and a weight of 10 pounds, max. See an in-depth profile of Pterodactylus 40 of 51 Pterodaustro Pterodaustro. Toledo Zoo Name: Pterodaustro (Greek for "southern wing"); pronounced TEH-roe-DAW-stroh Habitat: Lakes and seashores of South America Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (140-130 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of four feet and 5-10 pounds Diet: Plankton and small crustaceans Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, curved beak with numerous bristlelike teeth The modern bird that's most often compared to the South American Pterodaustro is the flamingo, which this pterosaur closely resembled in appearance, if not in every aspect of its anatomy. Based on its thousand or so distinctive, bristlelike teeth, paleontologists believe that the early Cretaceous Pterodaustro dipped its curved beak into the water to filter out plankton, small crustaceans, and other tiny aquatic creatures. Since shrimp and plankton are predominantly pink, some of these scientists also speculate that Pterodaustro may have had a distinctly pinkish hue, another trait it would have shared with modern flamingos. (By the way, in case you were wondering, pterosaurs weren't directly ancestral to prehistoric birds, which descended instead from small, feathered dinosaurs.) 41 of 51 Quetzalcoatlus Quetzalcoatlus. Nobu Tamura Quetzalcoatlus was the biggest pterosaur (and the biggest creature of any kind) to take to the sky--although some paleontologists have ventured the theory that it was exclusively terrestrial, hunting prey like a bipedal, carnivorous dinosaur. See 10 Facts About Quetzalcoatlus 42 of 51 Rhamphorhynchus Rhamphorhynchus. Wikimedia Commons It may be hard to pronounce, but Rhamphorhynchus looms large in pterosaur evolution, having bestowed its name ("rhamphorhynchoid") on similar flying reptiles of the late Jurassic period equipped with long tails and narrow heads. See an in-depth profile of Rhamphorhynchus 43 of 51 Scaphognathus Scaphognathus. Senckenberg Museum Name: Scaphognathus (Greek for "tub jaw"); pronounced ska-FOG-nah-thuss Habitat: Skies of western Europe Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155-150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of three feet and a few pounds Diet: Probably insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; short, blunt skull with a few dozen teeth Closely related to the better known Rhamphorhynchus--the reptile that gave its name to the small-sized, long-tailed "rhamphorhynchoid" branch of the pterosaur family--Scaphognathus was distinguished by its shorter, blunter head and the vertical rather than horizontal orientation of its teeth (16 in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower). Because its fossils were discovered so early--way back in 1831, in Germany's famous Solnhofen fossil beds--Scaphognathus has occasioned some confusion among paleontologists; in the past, some of its species had been mistakenly identified as belonging to Pterodactylus or Rhamphorhynchus, among other genera. 44 of 51 Sericipterus Sericipterus. Nobu Tamura Name Sericipterus (Greek for "silk wing"); pronounced SEH-rih-SIP-teh-russ Habitat Skies of eastern Asia Historical Period Late Jurassic (160 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of five feet and a few pounds Diet Small animals Distinguishing Characteristics Three crests on head; long tail Sericipterus was a classic "rhamphorhynchoid" of the late Jurassic period: this pterosaur was fairly small, with a large head and a long tail, making it similar in appearance to the eponymous member of its breed, Rhamphorhynchus. Unusually for a rhamphorhynchoid, though, Sericipterus had a small crest on top of its skull (in addition to two crests lower down on its snout), perhaps adumbrating the giant head ornaments of the "pterodactyloid" pterosaurs of the ensuing Cretaceous period, and it seems to have been an inland predator, feeding on small animals rather than fish. By the way, the name Sericipterus, Greek for "silk wing," refers to the Silk Road trading route connecting China and the Middle East. 45 of 51 Sordes Sordes. Wikimedia Commons Name: Sordes (Greek for "devil"); pronounced SORE-dess Habitat: Plains of central Asia Historical Period: Late Jurassic (150 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 1.5 feet and about one pound Diet: Probably insects or small amphibians Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; coat of fur or hairy feathers The most startling thing about the late Jurassic Sordes (which doesn't really deserve its name, which is Greek for "devil") is that it seems to have been covered by a fine coat of fur, or possibly primitive, hair-like feathers. Paleontologists have interpreted this coat as indicating that Sordes had an endothermic (warm-blooded) metabolism, since otherwise it wouldn't have needed to evolve this extra, mammalian layer of insulation. A type of pterosaur known as a rhamphorhynchoid, its closest relative was the eponymous, and slightly bigger, Rhamphorhynchus. 46 of 51 Tapejara Tapejara. Dmitry Bogdanov Name: Tapejara (Tupi for "old being"); pronounced TOP-ay-HAR-ah Habitat: Seashores of South America Historical Period: Early-Middle Cretaceous (120-100 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of up to 12 feet and weight of up to 80 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Short tail; downward-pointing jaw; large headcrest About Tapejara It's not only modern South America that breeds brilliantly colored varieties of flying creatures. Over 100 million years ago, during the middle Cretaceous period, Tapejara graced the seashores of South America with its huge (up to three feet tall) head crest, which was probably brightly colored to attract mates. In common with the more evolved pterosaurs of this period, Tapejara had a relatively short tail, and it likely used its downward-curving beak to pluck fish from the sea. This pterosaur was closely related to the similarly colorful (and similarly named) Tupuxuara, which also flew the skies of South America. 47 of 51 Thalassodromeus Thalassodromeus. Wikimedia Commons The crest of Thalassodromeus was interlaced with numerous blood vessels, so it may have been employed for cooling purposes. It may also have been a sexually selected characteristic or a kind of rudder that stabilized this pterosaur in midair flight. See an in-depth profile of Thalassodromeus 48 of 51 Tropeognathus Tropeognathus. Wikimedia Commons Name: Tropeognathus (Greek for "keel jaw"); pronounced TROE-peeh-OG-nah-thuss Historical Period: Early-Middle Cretaceous (125-100 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 20-25 feet and about 100 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; keel on end of beak Habitat: Skies of South America Pterosaurs tend to be represented in the fossil record by frustratingly incomplete and scattered specimens, so it can take a long time for paleontologists to nail down the true identity of any given species. A case in point is Tropeognathus, which had variously been classified as a separate species of Ornithocheirus and Anhanguera before reverting to its original genus name in 2000. Tropeognathus was distinguished by the keel-like structure on the end of its beak, an adaptation that allowed it to hold tight to wriggling fish, and with a wingspan of 20 to 25 feet it was one of the largest pterosaurs of the early to middle Cretaceous period. This once-obscure flying reptile was made famous by a starring role in the BBC TV series Walking with Dinosaurs, though the producers vastly inflated its specs, depicting it with a wingspan of almost 40 feet! 49 of 51 Tupuxuara Tupuxuara. Sergey Krasovskiy Name: Tupuxuara (indigenous Indian for "familiar spirit"); pronounced TOO-poo-HWAR-ah Habitat: Shores of South America Historical Period: Early-Middle Cretaceous (125-115 million years ago) Size and Weight: Wingspan of 17 feet and 50-75 pounds Diet: Fish Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; round crest on head During the Cretaceous period, as in the present day, South America spawned more than its share of large, colorful flying creatures. Tupuxuara is a good example: this large pterosaur had a flat, rounded crest on its head that was richly laced with blood vessels, a good hint that the crest may have changed color seasonally and allowed its owner to signal to the opposite sex. Confusingly, the name Tupuxuara is similar to that of another brightly colored pterosaur of the same time and place, Tapejara. In fact, it was once believed that Tupuxuara was a species of Tapejara, but now paleontologists think Tupuxuara may have been more closely related to giant pterosaurs of the later Cretaceous period like Quetzalcoatlus. 50 of 51 Wukongopterus Wukongopterus. Nobu Tamura Name Wukongopterus (Greek for "Wukong wing"); pronounced WOO-kong-OP-teh-russ Habitat Skies of eastern Asia Historical Period Late Jurassic (160 million years ago) Size and Weight Wingspan of 2-3 feet and a few pounds Diet Small animals Distinguishing Characteristics Small size; long neck and tail Wukongopterus had the misfortune of being discovered in the same fossil beds, at roughly the same time, as Darwinopterus, the name of the latter (honoring Charles Darwin) guaranteeing that it would reap all the headlines. The importance of both of these late Jurassic reptiles is that they represent transitional forms between contemporary "rhamphorhynchoid" (small, long-tailed, big-headed) and later "pterodactyloid" (much bigger, shorter-tailed) pterosaurs. Wukongopterus, in particular, had an unusually long neck, and it may also have possessed a membrane between its hind legs technically known as a uropatagium. 51 of 51 Zhejiangopterus Zhejiangopterus. Wikimedia Commons Zhejiangopterus stands out for what it didn't have: any noticeable ornamentation on its head (other giant pterosaurs of the Cretaceous period, like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, sported big, bony crests that may have supported flaps of skin). See an in-depth profile of Zhejiangopterus Continue Reading


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Unicoi County Democratic Party Holds Special Election April 22
Erwin – The Unicoi County Democratic Party will hold a special election on April 22nd at 8:30 a.m. at Erwin Town Hall. A new Vice Chair and Executive Committee members will be elected. Anyone interested in these offices should attend this special meeting. The election will be conducted in accordance with the party Bylaws. View the party Bylaws at this link.

subset: commoncrawl


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By Shyamal Majumder
KOLKATA: Pohela Baishakh, the first day of the Bengali New Year, connects all the ethnic bengalis. It is an auspicious occasion to the bengal and bengalis, and like all other bengalis, Kolkata's football communite also celebrate the day with great respect in form of Bar Puja.
Just a couple of decades back Bar Puja happens to mark the beginning of the new season in Kolkata football. Clubs were used to unveil their team for new season with players performing rituals. But since the change in country's football calender mainly after the inception of NFL/I-League, it became literally impossible for clubs to unveil their team on the day. Nevertheless, still the rituals does held in clubs to continue the unique tradition as old as the legacy of Kolkata football.
Basically the main reason behind the Bar Puja is to please the all mighty to get success in the season ahead. Goalpost and ball is worshiped as God on the occasion.
East Bengal usually name their captain for the coming season at Bar Puja and like previous years East Bengal did name their new captain in Robert Lalthlamuana during the puja, attended by the officials like Debabrata Sarkar and Swapan Bal alongside other footballers. Though there was only a handful of supporters present at East Bengal Ground could be because of East Bengal's disappointing perfomance in I-League.
Like their city rivals, Mohun Bagan also organized the Bar Puja on Thursday morning where all the top officials of the club including President Swapan Sadhan Bose, General Secretary Anjan Mitra and Footnall Secretary Satyajit Chatterjee were seen with other executive committee members.
However, the players were missing from the occasion as the team have not reached Kolkata yet after playing their AFC Cup match against Yangoon United yesterday, but unlike East Bengal fans Mariners came in a large number.
Meanwhile, Bar Puja was celebarted in some other well known clubs in Kokata like United SC, Bhawanipore FC, Greer Sports Club, Police AC, Aryan Club, Culcutta Customs Club and others.


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Middle School
A student's time at St. Luke's culminates in middle school where he or she can mature in a rigorous yet safe environment. Early adolescence presents a number of challenges that all students must learn how to handle. St. Luke's students find support from a veteran faculty who teach them all three years in middle school and from a counselor who works with students individually and in small groups. When they graduate, St. Luke's alumni are prepared to accept all the opportunities high school can offer.
Academically, students thrive in an inquiry-based learning environment. They continue to hone their critical thinking skills while they prepare for high school. They have the opportunity to graduate from St. Luke's with high school credit in World Geography, Spanish I, Algebra I, and in some cases, Geometry. In addition to the academic curriculum, our students enjoy participating in quarterly elective classes. These classes are intended to offer instruction in areas of interest. Examples include robotics, web design, computer-aided design, cooking, painting, pottery, drama, film and literature, music, and makers classes. Students also receive in-depth instruction in Bible, and 8th graders take a personal finance class to teach them the value of handling money properly. Our students also have many opportunities to lead the school through acolyting in chapel, spending time with their lower school buddies, serving on student council, and serving others in the community.
Students who graduate from St. Luke's do very well in high school. They excel academically, adjust well socially, and earn many leadership positions in their respective high schools. The faculty and staff regularly hear from area public and independent high school representatives about how they can identify St. Luke's students by their maturity.


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The Philippines' rapidly rising population has overwhelmed the fisheries that have traditionally supported the country, bringing grinding poverty and malnutrition to many coastal communities. But a new approach to conservation may save families along with the fish and their habitats, say Joan Castro and Leona D'Agnes. By integrating the delivery of family planning and conservation services, the Integrated Population and Coastal Resource Management (IPOPCORM) project found that it could improve reproductive health and coastal resource management more than programs that focused exclusively on reproductive health or the environment - and at a lower total cost.
Issue 15: Fishing for Families: Reproductive Health and Integrated Coastal Management in the Philippines
- Jul 7, 2011


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Use this if you plan on combining multiple sections of the same course into one Blackboard course site. Be sure to specify all course reference numbers (CRNs) accurately within the "CRN" section of the form. Remember that individual sections of the course are also being created automatically. If you are not going to use them, be sure these unused course sites are set to be "unavailable" to your students. A link to instructions for doing so may be accessed below.
NOTE: The new term's course site will be empty and will not contain any copied content. Instructors now have the choice of adding new content, or selectively copying forward content from their previous Blackboard courses themselves using the instructions link below.
Blackboard Course Self-Copy Instructions
Request a Course Be Copied: Use the Request Course Copy Form available from the main menu of this website if you would like to have all course content from a previous term copied into your new course for you, if you have a very large course to copy (large courses pose technical difficulties for self-copying), or if the course you wish to copy is no longer active on Blackboard. NOTE: You must be listed as the assigned instructor in Banner for the new course before we can copy course content into your Blackboard course for you. If you need help getting listed in Banner, please contact the Registrar's Office at 860.768.4594.
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Desktop applications for Windows
OpenBD Local is an exciting new way for you to ship your OpenBD #CFML Web Applications as quick, runnable desktop applications for Microsoft Windows.
CFML can do more than just service web applications. With CFML you have a full language that can interact with the local computer it is running on. Examples include:
- File Explorer / Indexing system
- Utilities for file manipulation (advanced search and replace)
- MP3 Player and playlist editor
You have the power to create rich web applications that run just locally on a users computer.
From your users point of view they have NO complicated setup. OpenBD Local ships with everything they need to execute, including a JavaRunEnvironment (JRE) and an embedded webserver. When they install your application and run it up, it appears as a System Tray application
What is running is a complete web-stack that is restricted (by default) only to the local computer. They can right hand click on the icon and when they click, their default browser is opened up, navigating to the home page of your webapp.
Bundling your application as a OpenBD Local couldn't be easier. Simply develop your web app as normal and then drop it into the pre-configured folder, bundle it, and then give it to your users.
You can even go further and build a complete Windows Installer, using Nullsoft Scriptable Install System. Full details in the OpenBD NSIS Manual.
All elements are completley customizable, including the icons and wording for your local application.


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FreeState HS Fall tourney
Date: Nov 5th 10am
Weather: See widget below to check weather.
Location : FreeState High School soccer and practice fields behind (southwest corner) school (location may change if more KC teams play)
Schedule: Full schedule on score report
Round 1 10:30-11:50
Round 2 12:00-1:20
Round 3 1:30-3:00
Game info
Games to 13
Hard cap at 80min ( no soft cap so rounds start promptly)
1 time out per half, with one floater
Participant info
- Please print off waiver, get parents to sign and BRING TO TOURNEY!
- Bring water and food (unlike some tourneys, no food will be provided although we'll have water)
- Bring a white and a dark shirt (MHS guys, bring your jerseys!)
- Dress appropriately (see weather link below) & bring anything you'll need at an outdoor sporting event
- Cleats (if you have them). You must wear shoes.
Contact Shawn Kokenge , Coordinator and coach of MHS cell 785-532-9854
For my Manhattan High guys, I will need to have you fill out this google form to sort out rides.
The plan is to meet at Cico Park (in parking lot across from Dara's) between 8:30-8:40am. We will leave for Lawrence at 8:40am.


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Normally, when you see a squirrel – especially a tiny baby squirrel – you don't see him or her too much longer when a cat walks into nearby territory.
However, this tiny squirrel doesn't seem to be afraid of anything!
Rather, this little guy walks right up to and appears to become friends with these two kitty cats!
Absolutely adorable! 😀


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Raise and lower your cargo bed with a hydraulic Cargo Bed Lift, saving energy and increasing productivity. This is a product you can count on each and every workday.
- "Earth Mover" grade lifting power
- Self-contained hydraulic system; no hoses, no reservoir to fill or top off, no bleeding process
- Durable steel construction
Price: $1,374.79


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J. Russel Lloyd Attorney at Law
My name is Russell Lloyd, owner & partner in J. Russell Lloyd, P.S.C. The purpose of my practice is to provide successful representation to clients in high conflict and complex litigation. When life does hand you a challenge it can be an emotional and stressful situation. I will assist you in working through those issues to the best possible outcome for you and your family.
Our service will help you work through the emotion and the stress to move forward in life.
I am an attorney licensed in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and admitted to the practice of law in all State Courts in Kentucky, the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky and the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. Although the Kentucky Bar Association does not recognize specialties, my practice focuses on the trial and appeal of divorce, custody and family law issues.
Martindale Hubble is an organization that rates attorneys based on input from peer review of other attorneys & judges as well as the amount of time in practice. I currently have a rating of BV, which is a very good to excellent practice rating and the highest ethical rating. Click here to see my evaluation by my peers. Findlaw.com is another organization that evaluates attorneys based on experience. Follow the link to see how I am ranked by experience on custody, child support, divorce, and family law. You can be confident when you are working with J. Russell Lloyd, P.S.C., that you have a trusted professional that knows the law.
I share my offices with over twenty (20) other attorneys at 600 West Main Street in downtown Louisville, Kentucky who provide services throughout the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the State of Indiana.
Our office is open Monday through Friday at 8:00 a.m. and close at 5:00 p.m.
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text: If you, like us, will be watching the royal wedding in front of a TV instead of on the crowded streets of London, then Google has come to your aid—make that your visual aid. With newly updated 3D imagery of central London via Google Earth, you can now virtually follow the processional route Will and Kate will take come April 29. Better still, it's practically a mini-tour of London's major attractions, giving you a birds-eye-view of Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Whitehall, the Mall and Buckingham Palace. If Google could throw in a quick stroll through the Tate Modern and a seat at the Globe Theatre, there'd be no reason to actually jet to London at all (just kidding).—Phillip B. Crook


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Deschutes River is a Central Oregon Playground For All
The Deschutes River was once the economic lifeblood for Central Oregon, serving as a vital tool for saw mills powering a thriving logging industry here. The industry's role in Central Oregon faded away, but the river, of course, remained. Today, it serves as a different lifeblood – for the thousands and thousands of people who use it as a playground.
How? Let us count thy ways.
Floating the Deschutes River in Bend is atop the "Unofficial Rites of Summer" list. Thanks to Farewell Bend and Riverbend Parks (on opposite sides of the river) putting in to the river has become easier than ever. All you need is an innertube, an air-mattress – just about anything that floats will work for this gentle float to downtown Bend's Drake Park. Need to rent an innertube? No problem – Sun Country Tours has a small trailer at Riverbend Park and offers 2-hour rentals for $15/adults and $10/kids 6-12. And Parks and Rec runs a river shuttle service for floaters to get from Mirror Pond back to Riverbend Park.
Yep, you read that right. The Deschutes River is home to the only whitewater play area in the state of Oregon and it's centrally located in Bend's popular Old Mill District. The waves in the whitewater park are adjustable – controlled from an iPad at the Bend Parks & Rec office up the street – so the challenge can change from day to day. Surfers and whitewater kayakers have been flocking to the area since it opened in 2015, and there's usually a crowd of folks watching from the new footbridge above. Couldn't fit your surfboard in the overhead bin? River Surf Co. is located just a quarter mile from the whitewater park and has all kinds of rental gear available, including surf boards.
For the most part, the Deschutes River is a gentle, serene body of water that matches perfectly the laid back lifestyle we love here in Central Oregon. But man, there are some rip-roarin rapids on the river too that cater perfectly to the adventurous side we like to bust out every now and then. And there's no better way to experience it than Sun Country Tours' Big Eddy Thrill Ride.
The Deschutes river provides world-class fishing opportunities for rainbow trout, brown trout, brook trout and steelhead from the amateur to the experienced angler. The best fishing changes throughout the year depending on hatches, restrictions, and river flows in each section (upper, middle, lower). For the best experience contact a fishing guide service and go with an expert.
In 2014 Outside Magazine named Bend and Central Oregon the best place in the world to stand up paddleboard thanks to our numerous high alpine lakes and the gentle flow of the Deschutes River. What's more, you can rent a board or kayak right on the banks of the river at Tumalo Creek Kayak and Canoe.
You don't have to actually be in the water or on the water to fully enjoy the beauty of the Deschutes River. Gentle nature trails like the Deschutes River Trail can take you into the backcountry for beautiful views like this one from Benham Falls. You can pretty much drive right up to the falls viewing area or you can walk or ride your bike along the trail. There's even a bathroom.


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Siu Maaih Pork and shrimp dumpling
There is no item that so epitomizes dim sum as this little morsel. It will be served in every dim sum restaurant, no matter how humble the offerings. Its name, Siu Maaih, which literally translated from Cantonese means "cook sell," might describe its humble beginnings as a street snack to go with tea, and therefore may have been dim sum's first dumpling. Luckily for those of us who are willing to slave away in the kitchen making traditional Chinese delicacies, this one is relatively easy to produce. One can make their own skins for siu maai, if one wants to destroy one's kitchen over the course of a very long day, but few cooks try it; the thin, factory made wrapper, available in every Chinese store, is inexpensive and foolproof.
2 small to medium shitake dried mushrooms
11 oz pork (picnic country rib boneless), minced (previously ground pork is acceptable)
6 oz shrimp, after shelling and deveining; 1/3 of this pureed or pounded, 2/3 should be chopped.
1 sm green onion, minced
1 Tab soy
2 tsp sugar
1/2 tsp salt
dash white pepper
3 tablespoons water
1 pkg "thin shao mai" wrapper (i.e., Seattle's Rose brand)
Reconstitute the dried mushroom by submerging in very hot water for 1 hour. Press out water, cut out stems, mince and set aside.
Prepare all other ingredients and combine, including the minced mushroom. Mix vigorously in one direction for 3 or 4 minutes to make a uniform, cohered filling.
The dumplings can be frozen; I suggest you freeze them, separated, on a parchment lined tray before putting in a freezer bag to prevent sticking.
With wrapper on flat of your left palm, wet edge of skin. Using a small spatula or wide knife, slather approx. 2 Tab filling on wrapper. Begin to close the palm, wrinkling the edges of the wrapper. Close gently, gathering the edges together for pleating. Pinch the wide pleats to make them more uniform. Pressing in a bit more filling flattens the pleats and firms up the dumpling. Applying some pressure to the bottom flattens the Siu Maaih and rounds the top. Add a garnish of green onion, carrot slivers or 3 peas and they are ready to steam.
The dumplings can be frozen; I suggest you freeze them, separated, on a parchment lined tray before putting in a freezer bag to prevent sticking.
Steam 7 minutes if dumplings are fresh, 12 minutes if frozen.
makes approx. 24 dumplings


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LingvoCloud translation company is able to help extend your businesses area into one of the bigger markets, find new clients, partners and new target markets. LingvoCloud translators know that business is all about relationships and people. They perform not simply by translating word-for-word and sentence-to-sentence, but also control the meaning, taking into account the key message, plus cultural and social differences.
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Proudly display your Wisconsin Badgers spirit with this performance polo shirt from Colosseum! This polo features a Wisconsin "W" embroidered on the front left chest. This is the perfect shirt to show your Badgers pride!
* 100% Polyester
* Embroidered logos
* Officially Licensed Collegiate Product
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text:
Researchers Move One Step Closer to Curbing Pests' Appetite for Crops
11-Feb-2008 3:00 PM EST
Kansas State University Research and Extension
Available for logged-in reporters only
Journal of Insect Science, Vol. 6 Article 38 (Vol. 6 Article 38)
Newswise — Scientists at Kansas State University have discovered that the salivary glands of a tiny insect may hold a key to developing pest resistance in plants. A team of K-State researchers found that by using technology to silence a gene in the salivary glands of pea aphids, the insect's lifespan was cut by more than 50 percent.
"What we found is that when we silenced the most abundant transcript (gene), the aphids died in a few days," said K-State professor of entomology John Reese.
The findings could lead to new ways to control insects in plants, including such important crops as wheat, alfalfa, soybeans, corn and sorghum, Reese said.
Finding ways to develop insect-resistant crops also brings scientists closer to finding ways to reduce agricultural producers' dependence on pesticides. That helps the environment and lowers growers' input costs.
"If we can figure out how to get a plant to prevent the functioning of an insect pest's gene, we can turn that plant into a non-host for that pest," Reese said.
Reese was part of a research team that included assistant professor of entomology Yoonseong Park and former graduate student Navdeep Mutti, as well as molecular geneticists.
In the study, which was published in the Journal of Insect Science, the researchers injected siRNA into the salivary glands of adult pea aphids, a pest that can be particularly damaging to alfalfa yields. Aphids treated in this way could not survive more than a few days on plants.
Saliva is important in the interaction between aphids and host plants, Reese said. Proteins, including enzymes of aphid saliva, are thought to play several roles " some of which may overcome a plant's defenses and possibly stimulate plant defenses in non-host plants.
At stake are billions of dollars worth of crops grown every year in the United States and around the world. For example, a study first published by Iowa State University in 2005 found that soybean aphids alone had the potential to cause approximately 3 million acres to be sprayed " an economic toll on its own " and to cause yield losses of more than 55 million bushels, meaning an economic impact of more than $250 million in an outbreak year.
Information on the Iowa State study can be found at http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/node/53.
The K-State research was supported by a U.S. Department of Agriculture grant and by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station.
K State Research and Extension is a short name for the Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, a program designed to generate and distribute useful knowledge for the well being of Kansans. Supported by county, state, federal and private funds, the program has county Extension offices, experiment fields, area Extension offices and regional research centers statewide. Its headquarters is on the K State campus in Manhattan.


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Almost 70 years to the day since he and a group of prisoners overthrew Nazi guards at an extermination camp in Poland, Philip Bialowitz asked an audience at Southern Methodist University on Thursday not to forget the horrors of the Holocaust.
Bialowitz recounted spending about a year at Sobibór when he was 16. He arrived there on a day when the Nazis needed to replace Jewish slaves they had just killed.
His brother said he was a pharmacist and saved Bialowitz by saying he was his brother's assistant. Bialowitz's two sisters and niece were not as lucky.
Throughout his speech, Bialowitz, 84, repeated the words of one of the revolt's organizers, Sasha Pechersky: "If anyone survives, bear witness. Tell the world what happened here."
Many of the 250,000 Jews who were gassed at Sobibór got off the trains after traveling through bucolic scenery to a place where pleasant waltz music played over the loudspeaker. Bialowitz said he helped them with their luggage.
"My heart was bleeding because I knew what they did not know," he said. "I knew that in a half-hour the hundreds of human beings in front of me were all going to be murdered and reduced to ashes."
Bialowitz and his brother, Simcha, eventually made it to safety after a revolt that began by luring officers to the workshops to try on coats and boots that belonged to those who were gassed.
"I saw the German officer on the ground, dead, covered in blood, with my brother and two Russian Jewish soldiers dragging him behind the coats to hide him," Bialowitz said. "I felt a rush of happiness."
In the second phase of the attack, some of the 200 who escaped managed to avoid the bullets of tower guards long enough to climb the barbed wire fence and dodge landmines to make it to the forest and to safety.
By the end of World War II, only 42 of those who escaped had survived. Bialowitz and his brother are two of only eight living survivors.
"Now I am a free man, and I'm going to do something to improve the free world and make it a better place to live," he said.
With his son Joseph at his side, Bialowitz said education holds the key to a better world. He closed with a Polish song about friendship and love before signing copies of A Promise at Sobibór: A Jewish Boy's Story of Revolt and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland. The talk was sponsored by SMU's Embrey Human Rights Program, which also featured him in 2011.
Lexie Massing, an SMU law student, said she wanted to go to law school to help defend human rights. Massing said Bialowitz's speech was inspiring — "as good as it gets."


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In one of the more provocatively well-produced videos from abroad of 2016, Flaunt's "This is What Happens When you Let Me Down" exists in the strange musical atmosphere that straddles the sounds of Air, Audioslave, and a fine vintage snifter of Hilltop Hoods. Following the release of their equally confusing Rave Noir, Flaunt's latest video is a mesmerizing visual definition of cognitive dissonance.
Following an aged man in the countryside who documents a young increasingly estranged couple, Flaunt's video is strangely familiar in a "didn't some obscure European electronic duo do this like 10 years ago?" sort of way. For a fairly well formed concept that accompanies a non-linear track, it's something to be seen.
There's a sneaking suspicion that in the right state of mind and under the circumstances of being delirious, this video will really hit the spot. When viewing videos by Flaunt and listening to Rave Noir, this writer is reminded of hearing Metronomy for the first time on a Saturday afternoon amidst ripping through The Stone Roses discography and feeling without the tools to internalize it properly. However, in a later listening session taking place at approximately 3 a.m. and following nothing but the Coltrane albums Rolling Stone had recommended (for the people who only know him as the guy on the stamp) it finally came to me.
I reckon that's the process that what will happen with the video for "This Is What Happens When You Let Me Down," too. It's entirely too mesmerizing not to spread around and is too far from awful that giving all of Rave Noir a listen ought to come naturally.
Give the video a look and check out our past coverage of Rave Noir on the site.


text: By McAlvany Weekly Commentary Posted November 19, 2008 In PodCasts A Look at 2009: Bond Collapse, Record Unemployment, Deficit Spending, and a Massive Spam Consumption2008-11-192017-10-04https://mcalvanyweeklycommentary.com/wp-content/uploads/mwc-logo.svgMcAlvany Weekly Commentaryhttps://mcalvanyweeklycommentary.com/wp-content/uploads/mwc-logo.svg200px200px 0 http://www.mcalvany.com/podcast/wp-content/uploads/ica2008-1119.mp3Podcast: Play in new window | DownloadSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | RSS McAlvany Weekly Commentary McAlvany Financial Group (MFG) is a precious metals brokerage and wealth management company that was established in 1972 by Don McAlvany. The company specializes in the sale of bullion, semi-numismatic and numismatic coins, physical gold IRAs, offshore storage for precious metals in Switzerland, Canada, and Delaware, and wealth management services. Recent PostsLast 5 Years: GDP Would Be Negative If U.S. Debt Had Not IncreasedHave The Trade Talks With China Turned Into A Zero-Sum Game?Outer Limits AI To The Market "We Control The Horizontal & The Vertical"Adapt Or Die: "What's Happening… What Needs To Happen?


text:
Born in Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico and raised in the Southwest.
Attended the University of Texas at El Paso prior to moving to the Phoenix area to attend Arizona State University. She has spent most of her career in social services and with the retirement from government service, her life has come full circle, and she is again painting.
She is a contemporary painter and paints in acrylic, and mixed media. Women and color are prominent in her work and represent the strong women of our southwest life. Her art was influenced by the stories her grandmother told of the importance of women as the givers of life and their importance to the balance of the world as well. The intensity of color in her paintings reflects her culture, the vitality of life in the Southwest and the relationship to the earth and sun, and the necessity to respect them and the life they bring.
She has exhibited in various venues throughout Arizona with reviews in print and online media. She has had solo and group exhibitions in Arizona.


text: On 11 September 2017 Cor Groenveld, Managing Director FSSC Global Markets Program, will present a webinar especially about the Global Markets Program. All audiences can attend this webinar. You can attend the webinar in the morning or afternoon, please register following this links:Click here to register for the 9 AM CET session or for the 4 PM CET session.


text:
Get this exact walkthrough and ALL the resources mentioned for free. Click here:
The goal of this video is to help you gain a better understanding of what alt text attributes are and how/why you should use them.
The ideal outcome is that your alt tags will be properly optimized, helping search engines understand images in your content.
This is important because alt text optimization is a part of on-page optimization.
You'll have to do this with all images on your site.
The person that should be doing this is whoever is responsible for SEO, your webmaster, whoever posts the content on your site, your VA, or may be you.
Subscribe to this channel and learn how to massively increase traffic & sales as fast as possible:


text:
I have been out of commission for the last week. I threw my back out when I rolled my ankle on a rock during my morning walk. I am not the most graceful at the best of times, and I probably should just wear a helmet all the time.
That postponed a lot of plans I had. I was kind of angry about it until it dawned on me that I wasn't panicking. I have a list of what I have to get accomplished for the opening of my gallery (that is happening on Monday, 7/18!), along with having everything made (kind of behind on that what with the whole being flat on my back thing), inventoried, packed, and ready to go for our next convention, SuperToyCon. That's the first weekend in August.
The first few days, I couldn't hardly move. And let me just say that I'm cranky when I am prevented from doing what I want to do. So what did I do while listening to Dune play in the background? I started to set up my store on my website.
I really haven't been happy with Etsy for a while. I feel I don't have much control over what I can do with my shop. I like to be able to tweak things. The fact that I can't seem to link to my blog annoys the hell out of me. That coupled with the fact that unless you pay them or watch your shop like a hawk, your creations get lost in the "stuff and shosh"*.
Jonathan helped me start a shop on my blog a long time ago, then we tried Etsy. Well, we're revisiting hosting our own store on our own website. He gave me advice and pointed me in the right direction and I stared teaching myself how to use the WooCommerce software.
Much swearing, tears, running of cats, and a few "Eureka!" moments later, I found my groove and proceeded to totally rock the building of my happy shop.
I (and my shop) will be happier when I have more products listed. I think I've done well so far. My goal is to upload at least one item per day. That involves taking photos, quick editing said photos, writing a bit of code, writing (at least somewhat) interesting product descriptions, and using one of the least intuitive pieces of software that I've come across in a long time. Having said that, once you figure it out, you think: "Of course you do it like that! It makes sense now!" You find your groove and move on.
*Thanks Cathy for the turn of phrase! :^*


text:
Submit this form and we'll respond within 24 hours.
School code: 3962
School code: 1230
Don't worry. We'll walk you through the entire process. Apply now for free and then schedule a campus visit to experience something that pictures just can't capture.
1-800-348-3481 ext. 6004
or 731-989-6004
Whether you're looking for a Bachelor's or a Master's degree, we can help you achieve your academic goals.
FHU students have the opportunity to continue their learning outside the classroom with a semester abroad.
1-800-348-3481 ext. 6055
or 731-989-6055
Henderson, TN is a small town that is full of charm and has an atmosphere of Southern hospitality. While most events are held on campus, if you're looking to get off campus, it's a short drive to both Memphis or Nashville, Tennessee.
There are so many different clubs at FHU that focus on all aspects of life. Take advantage of the tight-knit community and unique opportunities offered at FHU by being involved in these groups.
1-800-348-3481 ext. 6001
or 731-989-6001
Getting Married? Land a new job or position? Becoming a new parent? Your FHU family wants to know about it!
The FHU Family doesn't end at graduation. View the links below for help with career development and to post or view job listings exclusive to FHU Alumni and Friends.
You can also find job postings currently open within FHU.
View our online stories for alumni.
View and purchase photos from around campus and from campus or university events.
1-800-348-3481 ext. 6017
or 731-989-6017
Your support helps the university to attract and prepare outstanding students who will contribute to a better tomorrow for our state and world. The process is quick and simple, so there's no reason you shouldn't do it.
"Freed has allowed me to pursue both of my interests in life all in one place. Not many college students get the opportunity to oversee a mission trip to South America with their professors and be published for undergraduate research all in the same year."
Chris Wright
Class of 2014 • Majoring In Biochemistry and Bible
1-800-348-3481 ext. 6900
or 731-989-6900
FHU has a history of talented student athletes and coaches who have helped make FHU Athletics what they are today. Check out who these students are and what accomplishments they've made. Know someone who deserves to be in the Hall of Fame? Use the nomination form below to tell us about it.
FHU welcomes visiting teams. Find a campus map, local lodging and more in our FHU Athletics Visitor's Guide.
FHU offers two major opportunities to support Lion athletics that also benefit you! The FHU Lion Backers and the Sports Advisory Council Benefit Dinner are great ways to give back.
For the latest news and updates, follow FHU Athletics on all social media outlets
or 731-989-6000
The mission of Freed-Hardeman University is to help students develop their God-given talents for His glory by empowering them with an education that integrates Christian faith, scholarship and service.
See Freed for yourself! Schedule your campus visit today and find out if Freed-Hardeman University is right for you.
Search through an alphabetized list of events, offices, webpages and more.
1-800-348-3481 (FHU-FHU1) or
Check out the latest press and most current social media updates on our News Page. If you're looking for upcoming events, check out our campus calendar.
FHU allows you to continue your education without putting life on hold. Designed for working professionals, classes are available in the evenings and on weekends, in addition to greater flexibility through online, web conference, and hybrid courses.
Our costs are competitive and simple, with no added fees — no general fees, no technology fees, no hidden fees. Plus, 90% of our students receive financial aid in the form of scholarships, grants, or loans.
Our graduates are very successful, with an employment rate of 95% within months of graduation, and our students love our caring, supportive community, led by a faculty of dedicated Christians.
5565 Shelby Oaks Drive
Memphis, TN 38134
Graduate Admissions
Freed-Hardeman University business majors completing the Major Field Test (MFT) in business had a strong performance this year, scoring in the top seven...
As Lion Baseball's second consecutive appearance in the NAIA World Series comes to an end, we are proud of their actions on and off the field. Thank you...
RT @slaterspringman: Brotherhood: the feeling of kinship with and closeness to a group of people
Throughout the past several months, th… https://t.co/djpYOx4YUV


text: Tier3MD https://www.tier3md.com IT Support for Healthcare Thu May 23 12:50:08 2019 / +0000 GMT Universal Post Manager 1.1.2 [ www.ProfProjects.com ] Total Cloud Services http://www.tier3md.com/?page_id=100 Thu May 23 12:50:08 2019 / +0000 GMT http://www.tier3md.com/?page_id=100 Tier3MD Offers the Following Hosting & Cloud Solutions: HIPAA Compliant Hosting Services Private Cloud-Medical IT Cloud Services Co-Location Backup as a Service Off-site Backups Desktop Management as a Service Advantages The main focus of the cloud is to maximize effectiveness, cut down costs, and provide better stability. But where is it? What is it? In the simplest terms, cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of your computer's hard drive. Anything stored on your computer's hard drive is considered "local storage". With the cloud, there is no local storage. For it to be considered "cloud computing" you need to access your data over the internet. The biggest benefit is you can access your information anywhere, anytime. What the normal consumer will never see, is the "other end". The big massive data infrastructure that is being maintained 24/7/365. In order for the cloud to work, it has to be maintained with various amounts of redundancy, it has to have numerous backups, and of course...security. In December 2013, Tier3MD expanded its service to provide a robust, secure environment for your electronic patient health information. Our infrastructure is designed to scale up to any level, at any time. Our facility is HIPAA secure and certified, and our equipment is top of the line. We offer affordable pricing for any size practice so they can experience the benefits of safe, secure data that they can access anytime, from anywhere. All you need is an internet connection to experience all these benefits. Gone are the days of implementing a new server every 4-5 years, rotating tape backups and taking them off site. No more need for a "server environment" with adequate cooling, no sprinkler system, and a vented door. You no longer need to be concerned with your server crashing, or losing your backups, or having to put in some sort of redundancy. The cloud is exactly for this reason. Affordable, scalable, safe and secure. Total Cloud Services is a certified, secured provider that can protect your data, while giving you the stability of never having to worry about down time. If you are thinking of moving to the cloud, you may want to review the 5 most important steps.]]> 100 2013-09-30 14:36:15 2013-09-30 21:36:15


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CUSTOM BRAND MERCHANDISINg.
This is what we do. Helping you to realise the power of your brand through merchandise design, sourcing and delivery, from concept all the way through to creation.
Brand merchandising is not just about having products with your logo on - it's about a carefully selected collection which helps promote your brand in the right way. Your merchandise says who you are, and you want it to the best. We can produce and source any item your imagination can think of, from anywhere on the planet. From the usual pens, umbrellas & mugs through to custom branded ice buckets, beach towels and custom built USB's. It all starts with an idea.
Tell us yours.


text:
01/04/2016 |
Oral Hygiene |
Sherwood Dental |
Comments Off on Fluoride Rinses: Do You Need Them?
If you have root sensitivity or you are at a higher risk for developing tooth decay, then fluoride rinses might be just the product for you. What are fluoride rinses? They are an
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The best creatures are Aberrant spectres (60), Spiritual rangers (63), Kurasks (70), Gargoyles (75), Nihils (76), Roarii (81), Abyssal rs 07 gold cheap demons (85), Dark beasts (90), Airuts (92), Ice Strykwyrms (93), and Ganodermic creatures (95).
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(Can vary a lot dependent on efficiency, gear, and what tasks you get)
Level : GP/h:
60 : 500k-1m/h
70: 1m-2m/h
80: 1m-3m/h
90: 2m-4m/h
99: 2m-6m/h
Also now that you're a relatively decent level, you're nearing the point where you can begin low level bossing for money as well. Queen Black Dragon is a good start, and can get you a very consistent 5m+ per hour, but I'd recommend you get a few things before you start it.
- Super Anti-fires (Queen Black Dragon uses a lot of fire breath, and a shield swap is not viable)
- Full Armadyl (Good for low level bossing and very good for slayer)
- A Royal Crossbow (Cheap, good damage, but requires 80 range) OR Karil pistol crossbows
- War Tortoise (Carry a load of food for you, longer trips)
- Finish world wakes for Death Swiftness, and Sunshine (Massively increase DPS at slayer and bossing)
- An Asylum Surgeons Ring (Tied for best DPS ring in the game, also 100% free)
- Rigour (Greatly increase DPS, also it will get you closer to Soul-split and Turmoil/Anguish/Torment)
- Shadow Tendrils (Very good threshold ability for DPS)
If you work your way towards the required items, you can easily coast your way through the game to higher level gear, and Plague's End with the money that you get from Queen Black Dragon.
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- This site is never involved in any transaction, and does not handle payments, shipping, guarantee transactions, provide escrow services, or offer "buyer protection" or "seller certification"