text:
This volume is a collaborative venture: the textual introduction is by Claudio Moreschini (M.), and the introduction, translation and commentary by Donald Sykes (S.). The volume is published in the series Oxford Theological Monographs, and consists of text, translation and commentary on eight poems of Gregory of Nazianzus (G.), being the first eight of fourteen poems collected and commented on by Nicetas David (C9/10). These are numbered 1.1.1-5, and 7-9 in Patrologia Graeca 37, since Caillau ignored the manuscript tradition to insert another poem (1.1.6) whose subject matter was thought relevant to the themes of the collection. There is some evidence to suggest that the group of eight formed a pre-existing homogenous collection, to which N. added other poems on moral themes, and it is on this basis that the present work considers these eight poems on their own. This is the first edition of these poems since that of A. B. Caillau from 1842 (not 1840, as pp. 56 and 76). Apart from Arc. 2 (translated in a selection of G.'s poems by J. A. McGuckin), this is the first English translation of these poems. Both editors have previously written on the collection, S. in a number of articles published since 1970 and M. both in several articles and in an edition of Nicetas' commentary on the first five poems (Naples, 1992). The commentary examines a wide range of issues in relation to the poems: manuscript variants are considered, unusual word forms are identified and discussed, and G.'s arguments are set against the context of developments in religious and philosophical thought. The volume represents a substantial contribution to the growing body of scholarship on G.'s poetry, including the selection of autobiographical poems edited by C. White (Cambridge, 1996, reviewed in TMR 98.05.09 by R. Van Dam), and the several volumes published in Paderborn on individual poems from the Carmina Moralia and De Se Ipso.
There are some noticeable inconsistencies between M.'s text and apparatus and S.'s commentary: the apparatus does not always include variants and conjectures discussed in the commentary (2.6, reading reconstructed from Syriac version; 4.27, 4.51, 7.12), or actually introduced into the text (3.86, αὑτοῦ for αὐτοῦ). Text and commentary conflict over a reading in 8.21. It is not always clear if a particular reading is a conjecture or a manuscript (cf. the conflict between commentary and apparatus over 7.121). A proposal of Holford-Strevens (apparently unpublished) in respect of 2.34 is cited in the apparatus, but not discussed in the commentary. There is also some duplication between M.'s textual introduction (pp. ix-xx) and S.'s introduction to the commentary (pp. 51-76): both discuss the title of the collection (pp. ix and 51).
M.'s introduction on the text summarises a previous article ('La tradizione manoscritta dei Carmina Arcana di Gregorio Nazianzeno', Atti della Accademia Pontoniana 44 (1995), pp. 99-120 [strangely not in the bibliography]). It provides a description of the manuscript sources and analyses their inter-relation. M. identifies six distinct groups of sources (including paraphrases, translations and commentaries). The Ω family consists of Bodleianus Clarkianus 12 (C), Neapolitanus Graecus 24 (N), Vaticanus Graecus 482 (Va), and Marcianus Graecus 82 (Ma). The second family (Ψ) consists solely of Laurentianus VII.10 (L). Thirdly, it is possible to reconstruct to some degree the Greek text used by the author of a Syriac translation of around A.D. 800, found in Vaticanus Syriacus 105, edited by P. J. Bollig (Beirut, 1895). There appears to be no recent study of this text: it surely merits further consideration. Fourthly, Cosmas of Jerusalem's commentary on G.'s poems, found in Vaticanus Graecus 1260, provides some interesting readings. Fifthly, an anthology of around A.D. 700 (the Doctrina Patrum de incarnatione Verbi) preserves parts of Arc. 1 and 2. Sixthly, the Π family, which includes Nicetas' paraphrase, consists of eight manuscripts (Vaticanus Graecus 488 [VI], Cusanus 48 [Cu], Parisianus Coislinianus Graecus 262 [Co], Marcianus Graecus [Mb], Oxoniensis Baroccianus 96 [S], and Parisinus Graecus 1220 [Pj], together with two inferior manuscripts not used in the edition: Monacensis Graecus 488 [Mn] and Marcianus Graecus 494 [Md]). M. also considers which manuscripts were available to the previous editors (Jacques de Billy [Billius], 1575; D. Hoeschel, 1611; and A. B. Caillau, 1842).
S.'s introduction argues for the thematic unity of the collection: the poems present a view of the human condition and redemption through Christ against the context of the Trinity (pp. 55-6). The literary context for the poetic enterprise of G. is chiefly provided by the didactic tradition beginning with Hesiod through to Oppian, whereas there were no substantial precedents among earlier Christian writers (pp. 57-9). S. also considers some literary characteristics of the poems, including language, grammar, metre, word-order and imagery (pp. 59-63). While S. rightly stresses G.'s debt to the language of epic, tragedy, and other classical genres, he probably underestimates the extent to which a large number of forms are particular to Greek poets of the Roman empire (Oppian, Tryphiodorus, and Nonnus). This review seeks to show that Nonnus in particular shares a significant number of words with G. Regarding the date of the poems, S. locates them between the expulsion of the Arians from the church in Constantinople (November 380) and the much more hostile anti-Apollinarian stance adopted in Ep. 101 (382) (pp. 66-7). S. also considers G.'s sources but is somewhat inconclusive, particularly in respect of the extent to which G.'s knowledge of early Greek philosophy is dependent on a reading of Aristotle (pp. 73-6).
In respect of G.'s imagery, S. stresses the use of simile, and to a less extent, metaphor. To this can be added G.'s use of narrative, for instance: scenes from the life of Christ (2.65-77); Ascension and Pentecost (3.30-1); the procreation of Eve and Seth (3.37-9); the journey of the Magi (5.53-64); the evil kings of Israel (8.22-4); the nativity and baptism of Christ (8.60-3, 72-7). (S.'s article in BZ 72 [1979], pp. 6-15, considers the narrative technique in some more detail). One of the most striking aspects of this collection is G.'s ability to combine a range of styles of discourse. Passages of theology and philosophy, in which G. recasts the language of contemporary debate into poetic form, are effectively blended with vivid similes and scenes from biblical history. What is most noticeably missing are references to contemporary figures and events: Mani is addressed by name in 4, but this is exceptional. S. finds some possible allusions to the emperor Julian (5.19, 6.70), but these are at best indirect and fleeting. There is a possible allusion to the expulsion of the Arians from the church in Constantinople in 380, which may have taken place just before the time of writing (1.14-5), while a reference to a tongue at war with Godhead may alllude to Eunomius (3.3). In 3.44-5, G. refers briefly to baptismal practice.
In addition to the Manichees (in 4) and Eunomius (in 1, 2, and 3), G. seeks particularly to refute the views of Marcellus of Ancyra and the other Sabellians (in 1 and 3), together with the Macedonians (3). In contrast, as S. notes, any animosity to Apollinarius was at this time strictly muted (pp. 67, 93-4). In 5, G.'s concern is with the refutation of a series of theories relating to astrological determinism. The continued practice of astrology troubled many Christian writers, and became the object of several laws. As S. notes (p. 183), Julian's interest in astrology may have provided a particular focus for G.'s arguments. It is worth noting that the journey of the Magi following the star appears on three occasions in the collection (2.65-6, 5.53-64 and 8.62-3). In 6, G. criticises a wide range of theories on the nature and origin of the soul, but many of these were by his time obsolescent.
G. employs a wide range of typical poetic strategies in constructing these texts. The following are worthy of note: warnings to the impure to depart (1.9, 35-9); invocation of the Holy Spirit as the source of knowledge (1.22-4); an address to his own heart (3.1); tetracolon crescendo (3.3-4, 8.97-9); aposiopesis (3.49); rhetorical address to the power of baptism, evil Manichaean darkness, and the cosmos (3.47, 4.24, 4.55); inclusion of gnomes and proverbs (4.86, 7.42, 8.38-9); claimed hesitancy in pursuing a theme (6.27ff); mixing pleasure with didacticism (7.54); use of irony (7.82). Detailed comments follow.
Poem 1. On First Principles
2. The Scholiast on Aristophanes, Birds 1372 (ed. F. Dübner, Paris, 1877, p. 240), where the same image of the flight to Olympus on feeble wings is found, reports that he derived the line from Anacreon. K. Demoen, Pagan and Biblical Exempla in Gregory Nazianzen. A Study in Rhetoric and Hermeneutics (Turnhout, 1996), p. 390, suggests that the allusion is not to Icarus but to the charioteer of Plato's Phaedrus.
5. S.'s translation of ὅρους ('ordinances') is reinforced by the collocation of the same noun with νόμους in orat. 31.19, orat. 4 (M35.645), and orat. 18 (M35.993). The text erroneously introduces a rough breathing to οἵακα, but the lemma is correct. For theological uses, compare ps-Athanasius, Sermo contra omnes haereses, M28.524; Theodoret, Interpretatio in Jeremiam, M81.572, Interp. ep. S. Pauli, M82.61, and De providentia, orat. 2.17, M83.584. Given that G. has already introduced a nautical metaphor in l. 1, a similar sense may here be apposite.
9-10. As G. here restricts his discourse to the pure, so in the Theological Orations, he seeks to set limits and boundaries to theological discourse, categorising those whom he perceives to be lovers of dispute as social subversives and proposing a strategy based on good works, catechesis and an awareness of the incomprehensibility of God (see further the discussion of R. Lim, Public Disputation, Power, and Social Order in Late Antiquity [Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1995], pp. 158-71, reviewed in CR 46 [1996], pp. 287-9).
10. For βέβηλοι, compare orat. 6 (M35.744), referring to Jeremiah's lament over the fall of Jerusalem, πόδες βέβηλοι καὶ χεῖρες.
11. For κατ' οὔρεος ἀκροτόμοιο, compare carm. 126.96.36.1998 (M37.612): ἐπ' οὔρεος ἀκροτόμοιο. On Gregory of Nyssa's Life of Moses, note also the study of Colin Macleod, 'The preface to Gregory of Nyssa's Life of Moses', JTS 33 (1982), pp. 183-91 (= Collected Papers [Oxford, 1983], pp. 329-37).
13. For σκόπελος of a stone that can be thrown, compare Antimachus, frag. 89 (ed. B. Wyss, Berlin, 1936). αὐτίκα is omitted from the translation.
14. S. follows Nardi in preferring ὣς to Caillau's ὡς, but the apparatus criticus does not indicate what the manuscripts contain. The phrase κεῖνοι μὲν δὴ τοῖα is repeated in Arc. 7.18.
15. The earliest instance of θεημάχος is, in fact, Josephus, Ant. Jud. 14.310. The likely allusion in ἡμετέροιο χοροῖο to Aristophanes, Frogs 354 is reinforced by the reappearance of the phrase in carm. 220.127.116.11 (M37.1462) (dative plural as in the chorus of the Frogs).
16. On poetic uses of αὐτὰρ ἐγών, cf. H. Lloyd-Jones, JHS 83 (1963), p. 92 (reprinted in his Greek Comedy, Hellenistic Literature, etc. [Oxford, 1990], p. 185). For σελίδεσσι, cf. also carm. 188.8.131.527 (M37.563): ἐν σελίδεσσι γεγραμμένα γράμματα δισσαῖς.
23. S. takes ἀτρεκίης as a nominative adjective defining the Holy Spirit, but that would require ἀτρεκίες and the word-order is awkward. Rather, it is genitive singular of the noun, dependent on σάλπιγγα ἐρίβρομον ('loud-sounding trumpet of truth'). In addition to Homeric Hymn to Bacchus 26.1, cf. also H. Bacch. 7.56.
25. ἄναρχος and ἀναίτιος are also linked in ps-Athanasius, Sermo contra Latinos, M28.829, and in Theodoret, Curatio 4.6.
27. For ἀπείριτος, cf. Odyssey 10.195, and Theogony 109, both of the sea.
29. On Gregory's ἄλλος formula, cf. S.-P. Bergjan, Theodoret von Cyrus under der Neunizänismus. Aspekte der Altkirchlichen Trinitätslehre (Berlin and New York, 1994), pp. 59-60.
31. σφρηγίς and εἰκών are also linked together in orat. 38 (M36.325), and orat. 45 (M36.633), with the same phrase in both. Note also Basil, De fide, M31.468: καὶ τί γάρ, ἀλλ' ἢ σφραγὶς καὶ εἰκών. S. rejects the reading κιννυμένη, preferred by previous editors, in favour of κινυμένη: it is worth adding that the manuscript support for κιννυμένη is strictly limited (according to the apparatus, only a second hand in S).
34. There must be some word play in νωμεύς with the closely successive νόημα.
37. Cf. the similar metaphorical use of βένθος in Arc. 8.94. S. uses 'evil' for both κακῶς and ἄναγνον. The latter is better translated as 'unholy' ('who are instead evil to the core and sport an unholy tongue').
Poem 2. On the Son
There are two major problems in relation to the text. In 6, S. defends the manuscript reading ἀπήορος against Caillau's ὑπέρτερον and οἶδεν against οὐδὲν found in some manuscripts. In 32-5, S. rejects the radical repunctuation advocated by F. Scheidweiler, BZ 49 (1956), pp. 345-8. In 45, S. prefers λυτὸν (ΩL) to αὐτῶν (Π followed by Caillau).
4. On αὐτο- compounds of terms for killing, see E. Fraenkel on Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1091 (Oxford, 1950), and R. C. T. Parker, Miasma: Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion (Oxford, 1983), pp. 350-1. Cf. Arc. 4.53.
6. The second citation from Aratus, Phaenomena, should be to 895 not 975.
12. S. omits ὁμῶς ('to all mortal beings alike').
15. Other uses of δετός in addition to the passage from Oppian cited by S. include carm. 22.214.171.124 (M.37.1514): ἐν πάντεσσι νόμοισιν ὁμῶς, ἀδέτοις τε δετοῖς τε, and Herodianus, De prosodia catholica (ed. A. Lentz, Leipzig, 1867), p. 216, and Eustathius on Iliad 14.184 (ed. M. van der Valk, Leiden, 1979, vol. 3, p. 610), while according to Didymus on Zachariah 11.2 (ed. L. Doutreleau, Paris, 1962), τὰς δετὰς πλόκας is a synonym for δρυφάκτους, i.e. wooden lattice-work.
19. The text reads ἄναρχος, the lemma reads ἀνάρχου, but the accompanying note assumes ἄναρχος.
21. The commentary argues for 'principle' for ἀρχήν, but the translation has 'beginning'.
27. The text has a serious misprint: ἢέλησις for θέλησις.
42. The sense 'generation' for τὴν μὲν is rejected in the commentary in favour of 'divinity' but retained in the translation.
It is a general criticism that the commentary refers to the readings of previous editors without always making it clear that their choices have manuscript support, which becomes apparent only from the apparatus (e.g. 2.45, 46).
61. Again the translation and commentary differ: 'descend' for ἐπικύψας as opposed to 'condescend'. The sense 'stoop down', as in Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 239, is suitable here.
63. For σαρκοφόρος, cf. carm. 188.8.131.52 (M37.1466): κάλλεα σαρκοφόρα, and carm. 18.104.22.168 (M37.1327): ὑστάτιον θνητῶν πήμασι σαρκοφόρε.
67. ὑπέρσχεθε is not as unattested as suggested, cf. Hesiod, frag. 302.2 (ed. R. Merkelbach - M. L. West, Oxford, 1967), from the Cerameis / Caminos) = Sudae Vita Homeri 154 (ed. T.W. Allen, Oxford, 1912).
73. πάρετος is also found in medical writers: 14 instances in Galen (De usu partium, p. 68.17; De locis affectis, p. 243.6; De dignoscendis pulsibus, p. 804.3, De diebus decretoriis, p. 928.4; De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos, p. 132.12 and 348.16; De compositione medicamentorum per genera, p. 1010.16, 1016.4, 1018.5, 1029.9, 1031.9; De antidotis, p. 152.11; In Hippoc. lib. vi epid. comm., p. 892.15; and In Hippoc. lib. de off. med. comm., p. 638.7).
78-9. On the descent of Christ into Hades, cf. A. E. Bernstein, The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds (Ithaca and London, 1993), pp. 252-3, 272-82, 302-5, 320-1.
Poem 3. On the Spirit
S. sets the poem within the context of contemporary debate on the divinity of the Spirit, including Basil's De Spiritu Sancto and the Creed of Constantinople (381). G. is shown to approach this issue in three distinct ways: he argues from the evidence of the liturgy, i.e. baptismal practice (44-53); the silence of the Old Testament regarding the Spirit is explained in terms of progressive revelation accommodated to human weakness (10-36); and the distinctiveness and equality of relations within the Godhead are defended (37-43, 54-93). Of particular interest is how G. recasts the unmetrical terminology of the Creed of Constantinople to fit the constraints of hexameter verse (φερέσβιον for ζωοποιόν [6], and πατρόθεν ἐρχόμενον for ἐκπορευόμενον [7]). He also recalls the language of Marcellus (ἔνδοθι μίμνων for M.'s ἔνδον μένων [64], συνιοῦσα for συστέλλεσθαι [69], and μονὰς νήριθμος for μονὰς ... ἀδιαίρετος [72]). G. rejects a series of Trinitarian analogies, for which S. provides a wide range of parallels from other writers (61-70). S. suggests that in the case of close parallels between this poem and the metrical version of the psalms attributed to Apollinarius, G. is the source text.
Particular problems in relation to the text arise in 3-4, and 51-2: S. defends the manuscript reading ὅ μοι Θεός against ὁμοίθεον preferred by previous editors (3); καὶ ὃς is retained over the suggestions of Billius and Caillau (4); ὅλον is defended against Caillau's ὅλος (the reading of L) or ὅλη (51), and τὸ δ' ἂν ἶσον against τὸ δ' ἄνισον (Billius, following Cu) (52); the rarer περίτρομος is preferred to the more common περίδρομος (66).
3-4. The translation confuses the order of the tetracolon crescendo.
4. S. suggests there is no direct evidence for the sense of 'clearly, openly' for ἔναντα (thus Caillau's 'manifeste'), but Hesychius glosses the word as φανερῶς.
5. The reference to Euripides, Hippolytus, should be 750 not 749; the reading ὀλβιόδωρος is retained by Barrett and by Diggle (Oxford, 1984), cf. Barrett's commentary ad loc. (Oxford, 1964).
5. Even if G. is referring to the heavenly choir, ἁγνῆς must be translated as 'holy' rather than 'heavenly' (in the next line S. uses 'heavenly' for οὐρανίων).
6. ὑψιθόωκον appears to be G.'s own coinage.
15. Cf. A. S. F. Gow on Theocritus 28.21 (Oxford, 1950) for other uses and the more usual sense of ἐραννος. The commentary on the Parmenides to which S. refers is usually attributed to Porphyry.
23. Homer's γλυκερὸν φάος is also echoed in Ap. Rhod., Arg. 2.184, Tragica Adespota, frag. 373.3 (ed. A. Nauck, Leipzig, 1889), and Lyrica Adespota, frag. 76.2 (ed. D. L. Page, Oxford, 1962).
25. αὐγάζεσκε is the only attested instance of the iterative form of αὐγάζω.
27. φαεινοτέρην is transliterated in the apparatus into Roman characters.
28. G. also uses the rare verb ὑπαστραπτω in orat. 2 (M35.457) and orat. 4 (M35.648), cf. also Anth. Gr. 1.10.54.
41. S.'s interpretation of the first part of this line is more sensible than those of Billius and Caillau. However, G. is not warning against the limitations of analogy, but drawing a conclusion from the analogy that he has just outlined.
43. Cf. Gow on Theocritus 23.7 for uses of the noun ἀμάρυγμα. The text of Strattis, frag. 66.5 (ed. T. Kock, Leipzig, 1880), should read χοροὺς ἑλίσσουσαι.
45. The reference to Sophocles, OT should be 193 not 192.
59. πολύσεπτος appears in Pindar, Paean, frag. 52ma 7 (ed. H. Maehler, Leipzig, 1975), Orphic Hymns 26.6 (ed. W. Quandt, Berlin, 1962), Porphyry, Contra Christianos, frag. 78 (ed. A. von Harnack, Berlin, 1916) and Hesychius as a gloss for πολύθεστος.
66. The adjective περίτρομος is also found in a scholiast on Sophocles, Ajax 140 (ed. G.A. Christodoulos, Athens, 1977): the chorus' fear is likened to the eye of a dove since this is a περίτρομος creature. The noun τοῖχοι can mean the sides of a ship rather a wall, and this may be the sense here (cf. Odyssey 12.420).
79. μονοκρατία is not entirely unique to G.: it appears as a gloss in the Suda for μοναρχία, but may well be G.'s coinage.
80. 'Babel' is somewhat inexact, and introduces a misleading image. According to the Suda, ἐν θεῶν ἀγορᾷ is a proverbial expression for τῶν καθ' ὑπερβολὴν κακηγορούντων, since this was a place-name in Eleusis. Hesychius explains it as describing one who dares to speak in company that is above him/her. Since G. is adapting a proverbial expression, the traditional imagery should be retained, e.g. 'a market-place of the gods with many rulers'. Ultimately, the proverb may go back to the divine gathering of Iliad 8.
86. S. introduces a minor emendation, changing a smooth to a rough breathing. The text and apparatus, however, do not indicate that this is an emendation.
91. For πέτασμα, cf. Fraenkel on Aeschylus, Agamemnon 909. θείου is omitted from the translation: it could govern either πετάσματος or νηοῦ.
Poem 4. On the Universe
S. sets the poem within the context of other cosmological writings by the Cappadocian fathers, particularly Basil's In Hexaemeron, and philosophical understandings of monotheism and cosmology, including views on the eternity of the world from Xenophanes and Aristotle and the eternal Forms. G. does not add anything of substance to the arguments of Basil and Gregory of Nyssa. His arguments in favour of the inseparability of form and matter (7-15) take place at a much less sophisticated level than his contemporaries'. The main object of his critique are initially πινυτοί ... (4), whom S. identifies as 'Platonists in general' (p. 145) rather than any specific contemporary philosopher, but this then leads into polemic against the Manichees (24-54). S. suggests that G. is initially criticising polytheistic views of creation, particularly through his assertion of the principle of εἷς Θεός (3), but G.'s intention is to refute not so much polytheistic views but rather the principle of eternal Forms, which would then have a status equal to that of God, but are in fact his creation. With regard to the anti-Manichaean arguments, S. shows there to be disparity between G.'s description of their position and what we know them actually to have believed regarding the principles of light and darkness (p. 153).
Particular textual problems arise in relation to 13: ἑστάμεν is preferred to ἑστάναι (Co) and ἕστακεν (Caillau); S. defends the manuscript reading οὐ against Caillau's suggestion ὃν (27). In 51, S. defends the manuscript reading ὀψιγόνοιο against the proposed ὑψιγόνοιο. There are also problems with the text of 85, which are considered below.
1. εἰ δ' ἄγε is used by G. in carm. 220.127.116.11 (M37.526), introducing not a new poem but a new argument.
4. συνάναρχα appears in Gregory otherwise only in orat. 29.3.
7-8. S. slightly misquotes Damascius, In Parmenidem (Ruelle ii. 425, p. 281, 13ff): for σχέσεως read σχέσεων.
12-3. A transitive use of ἕστακεν is also found in Epictetus, Dissertationes ab Arriano digestae 3.22 (ed. H. Schenkl, Leipzig, 1916). S.'s claim that ἕστακα is found in Cercidas is unsupported. Frag. 3.2 has the perfect participle ἑστακυῖαν. S.'s distinction between the activeand the intransitive form would be better framed in terms of transitive and intransitive usages. The apparatus criticus has two misprints: for ἑστάμεν' read ἑστάμεν and for ἐστακεν read ἕστακεν.
20. ἐνεῖδος is also found in Melanippides, frag. 1 (ed. D. L. Page, Oxford, 1962), from Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae. 14.651F, but the text is corrupt; Page's apparatus follows Dobree in reading μορφᾶεν εἶδος.
21. Other instances of γενέτειρα include Gregory, carm. 184.108.40.206 (M37.1546), Orphic Hymns 3.1, Philostratus, Imagines 1.10.3, Nonnus, Dionysiaca 9.153, Anthologia Graeca 7.493.1, and Epigrammata sepulcralia 429.1 and 558.7 (ed. E. Cougny, Paris, 1890).
24-54. Lieu's initials are S.N.C., and his Manichaeism in the Later Roman Empire and Medieval China is now in a second edition (Tübingen, 1992). Note also his more two more recent area studies: Manichaeism in Mesopotamia and the Roman East (Leiden, 1994), and Manichaeism in Central Asia and China (Leiden, 1998).
40. ὑψιθεόντων is also found in carm. 22.214.171.124 (M37.1256).
53. S. overlooks the occurrence of αὐτοδάικτος in Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 735.
79. The feminine form ὑποδρήστειραν is also found in Nonnus, Dionysiaca 19.52 and 41.287.
80. Compare the metaphorical use of πλησιφαῆ in Nonnus, Dionysiaca 28.232. The order of words in the translation should be reversed, 'full of light' before 'great'.
83. ὄλβον ὀπάζειν may also allude to Odyssey 18.19.
85. The apparatus is seriously and irreparably flawed. The variant readings are misprinted, with rough breathings on both ὀλέσσῃ and ὀπάζει. A third alternative, ὀπάζῃ, the reading of Cu, is considered in the commentary but omitted from the apparatus. ὀπάζει is attributed in the apparatus to the Π family, which includes Cu. Either this is a further misprint and the apparatus should actually read ὀπάζῃ, in which case the attribution of ὀπάζει is not mentioned, or else the variant is attested in other manuscripts within the Π family, which the editors do not identify.
87. In Homer, αἰπύς is found exclusively with ὄλεθρος.
Poem 5. On Providence
S. sets the poem within the context of the views on providence of the Stoics and Plotinus, but does not mention Philo's De Providentia (pp. 174-5). G.'s reference to the automatic theory of the universe is considered against the background of earlier discussions including the Epicureans (pp. 178-9). S. also discusses at some length Christian attitudes to astrology (pp. 180-3). G.'s use of the Star of Bethlehem and the Magi is compared with those in other Christian writings (pp. 190-1). To the general literature on astrology in the ancient world should be added T. S. Barton, Ancient Astrology (London, 1994).
Textual problems are identified in lines 1 (regarding εὐρυθέμειλον and ἀπείρων) and 70 (regarding ἄνιμεν).
1. Pfeiffer's edition (Oxford, 1953) adopts εὐρὺ θέμειλον in Call. in Dian. 248 as also the Budé edition of E. Cahen (Paris, 1961). εὐρυθέμειλον is only otherwise attested in Epigrammata exhortatoria et supplicatoria 28.4 (ed. E. Cougny, Paris, 1890).
2. The quotation from Anxagoras omits the phrase καὶ ὅσα νῦν ἐστι after μὴ ἔστι.
5. There is some support for the sense of 'spinning-top' for ῥόμβος. Hesychius glosses βέμβιξ as ῥόμβος, and βέμβιξ is certainly a spinning-top (cf. Aristophanes, Birds 1461). S. is right to find a close connection between στρόμβος and ῥόμβος: both Hesychius and the Suda gloss the former by the latter. Note also the Scholiast on Ap. Rhod. Arg. 1.1139 (ed. K. Wendel, Berlin, 1935, p. 103): ῥόμβος· τροχίσκος, ὃν στρέφουσιν ἱμᾶσι τύπτοντες, καὶ οὕτως κτύπον ἀποτελοῦσι.
11. 'Shield and helmet' rather than 'shield or helmet'.
13. For ἀνηγεμόνευτος, compare Philo, De Somniis 2.286 (uncontrolled houses groan with tensions and disorder), cf. also Lucian, Icaromenippus 9.
14. The phrase θεῶν σημάντορι πάντων is also found in Hesiod, frag. 5.3M-W (from the Catalogue of Women) as well as in Scutum 56.
19. C. Th. 9.16.4 is a law of Constantius (357), but 9.16.8 belongs to Valentinian and Valens (370/373) and 9.16.12 to Honorius and Theodosius (409). The law of 409 prescribes deportation rather than execution for unrepentant astrologers. Constantius' other laws on astrology are 9.16.5-6. C. Th. 9.18.2 should be C.J.
30. The text prints ἑλίξεις, but the apparatus ἐλίξεις. ἑλίξεις is cited as an isolated reading of Cosmas (p. xiv), but it is not clear what the manuscripts of G. actually read at this point.
39. The image of the κευθμῶν of Hades in carm. 184.108.40.206 (M37.1405) may go back to νεκρῶν κευθμῶνα in the opening line of Euripides, Hecuba.
43. ἐμοῦ is overlooked in the translation ('my life').
44. ἀνάστερος is also found in Aratus, Phaen. 228 and Sib. Or. 5.531. αὐτοκέλευθος appears in Tryphiodorus, Iliupersis 314. The Budé edition of B. Gerlaud (Paris, 1982) argues for a much earlier dating for Tryphiodorus than previously considered ('entre le milieu du IIIe siècle et le début du IVe' [p. 9]). Gerlaud suggests that G. draws extensively on T., and cites a number of apparent influences (p. 55). The present case is overlooked, but should certainly be added to the list. The adjective otherwise appears in Anthologia Graeca 9.362.5, Nonnus, Dionysiaca 6.369, 8.19, 21.169, 40.520, and Paraphrasis 11.161 (ed. A. Scheindler, Leipzig, 1881), and the Scholiast on Oppian, Halieutica 1.763 (ed. U. C. Bussemaker, Paris, 1849).
45. ὡροθέτας is translated as 'ascendant signs', but the commentary rejects this in favour of 'casters of horoscopes'. While Anthologia Graeca 11.160 may support the latter, 11.161 favours the former. The Loeb edition of W. R. Paton (1918) translates the former as 'take horoscopes from', and the latter as 'is your horoscope'. The translation requires 'circles' and 'measurements' rather than 'circle' and 'measurement'.
58. παῖδες is omitted in the translation. There is no C. Th. 3.16.8.
61. The verb τροχάω also appears in Aratus, Phaenomena 309.
63. μήδεα is perhaps better translated as 'plans' rather than 'cleverness'.
Poem 6. On Rational Natures
Most of this poem is concerned with the nature of angels, with particular reference to the fall of Lucifer (56-66).
2. περιωγή also appears as a gloss in the Scholiast on Oppian, Halieutica 1.364.
4. σελαγίζεται is not quite as uncommon as S. suggests: Callimachus, Hecale, fr. 238.26 (ed. R. Pfeiffer, Oxford, 1949 [a restored reading]), and Porphyry, De Philosophia ex Oraculis, quoted by Eusebius, Prep. Ev. 5.7.1 (ed. K. Mras, Berlin, 1954).
5. ἔκτοθε has some manuscript support (P), and is not unparalleled: Oppian, Cynegetica 4.90 and 252, and Epigrammata dedicatoria 201.5 (ed. E. Cougny, Paris, 1890). Nevertheless, ἔκτοθι may be preferred in that G. uses it on several other occasions.
8. For the expression 'source of the lights' may be compared Philo, De Opificio Mundi 30, where the ὑπερουάνιος ἀστήρ is the πηγὴ τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἀστέρων.
16. Compounds in -δρησσω are common in Nonnus, including ὑποδρήσσω (Dionysiaca 2.588, 15.125, 20.389, 33.136, 34.329, 36.418, 40.157, 40.189, 43.88, 43.104, 43.116, 43.365, 44.205, 48.297, and Para. 12.105), ἀφεδρήσσω (Dion. 11.127, 11.148, 20.36, 23.191, 26.332, 30.317, 39.91), παρεδρήσσω (Dion. 9.112, 40.472), and παραδρήσσω (Para. 16.19). Gregory also uses ὑποδρήσσω in carm. 184.108.40.206 and 126.96.36.199, and ἀφεδρήσσω in 22.214.171.124 (M37.500, 524, and 976).
30. τρηχαλέος is also relatively common in Nonnus (Dion. 2.268, 5.406, 6.201, 9.248, 14.383, 17.216, 21.9, 24.276, 28.224, 32.129, 36.302, 39.343, 43.27, 43.132, 44.63, 45.290, 47.581, and Para. 8.190).
52. For 'other' read 'ether'. On the αἴθηρ - ἀήρ distinction and on the senses of the terms, see M. R. Wright, Cosmology in Antiquity (London, 1993), pp. 109-25.
73-4. ἀπιχθόνοι ... δαίμονες may allude to Hesiod, Works and Days 122-3. For κακότητες compare Theognis 623.
85. G. may have in mind Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1299: οὐκ ἔστ' ἄλυξις, οὔ, ξένοι, χρόνον πλέω.
95. Most of the line is omitted from the translation: 'therefore there is punishment for the father of evils'.
Poem 7. On the Soul
The longest poem of the collection (129 lines) falls into two distinct sections, 1-52, in which G. considers false theories of the soul, and 53-129, in which G. develops his own anthropology. The critical interpretative issue with regard to this poem is the identification of the sources on which G. draws and the identity of those whose views he is seeking to refute in the course of the poem. S. explores in some detail the backgound to the theories refuted by G. (the soul as fire [7-8], as air [8-9], as blood [10], and as harmony [11-7], the common soul [22-31], and the transmigration and reincarnation of souls [32-52]), and identifies a wide range of proponents of these views beginning with the pre-Socratics. G.'s comments on the transmigration of souls should be seen against the background of ongoing contemporary debates, particularly with reference to the Neoplatonists, debates over the views of Origen, and the system of Mani. What remains unclear, however, is the precise identity, if any, of the opponents whom G. has here in mind, and also the extent to which G. had direct knowledge of these theories. It may be the case that he was heavily dependent on texts such as Aristotle's De Anima. G.'s anthropology is generally considered by G. Kontoulis, Zum Problem der Sklaverei bei den Kappadokischen Kirchenvätern und Johannes Chrysostomus (Bonn, 1993), pp. 263-70.
The significant textual problems relate to 12, where there is variant reading εἴδεος ἀνθρώποιο (unfortunately, although discussed in the commentary, it is omitted from the apparatus, and there is no indication of the manuscript(s) in which it is found); 116, where S. proposes ἔκερσεν ('cut short') rather than ἔκορσεν ('satisfied') as previous editors; 88, where the rarer ἀρτιγένεθλος is preferred to αὐτογένεθλος; 121 φυγεῖν rather than φαγεῖν; the commentary reports the latter as a variant reading, but the apparatus solely as a conjecture of Billius without identifying manuscript support); and 126, where S. prefers a reading derived from Nicetas (πεσόντες) to the text of Cu (πλέοντες).
8-9. The quotation from frag. 2 of Anaximenes omits πάλιν before ἀναλύεσθαι.
26. A full stop has been omitted from the end of the line.
32. ἔτι is omitted: 'yet more souls'.
32. On G.'s use and understanding of μῦθος, see Demoen, Pagan and Biblical Exempla, pp. 212-6.
42. Regarding λακέρυζα κορώνη, M. L. West's note on Hesiod, Op. 747 (Oxford, 1978) collects a fascinating range of information on corvine folk-lore. Note also Stesichorus, fr. 32, col. i, l. 9, λακέρυζα κορώνα (ed. D. L. Page, Oxford, 1962). Frag. 171 Rzach of Hesiod is numbered 304 by Merkelbach-West.
50. The Ionic form δορή is also attested in Nonnus, Dionysiaca 14.378.
60. θεουδής must mean 'God-fearing' in carm. 184.108.40.206 and 18.104.22.168 (M37.1277, 1490), which may add further support to this sense here over 'God-like'.
62. ἄγγελοι ἐσθλοί ... is omitted from the translation.
69. ὑμνητήρ also appears in carm. 126.96.36.199, and 126.96.36.199 and 255 (M37.515, 529, 541).
91. ἡγεσία appears in Eustathius on Iliad 1.298 (vol. 1, p. 166), and Amphilochius, In mulierem peccatricem (orat. 4) (ed. C. Datema, Turnhout, 1978), describing the journey of the Magi. S. also overlooks carm. 188.8.131.52 and 126.96.36.1990 (M37.1317, 1576).
103. ἀμφιτάλαντος is also found in Eustathius on Iliad 2.108, and Gregory, Ep. 4. The compound verb ἀμφιταλαντεύω appears in Nonnus, Dionysiaca 1.183 and 6.110. Gregory also uses compounds in πολυ- in orat. 2 and orat. 4 (M35.480, 657), ἀντι- in orat. 5 (M35.655), carm. 18.104.22.168, 220.127.116.11, and 184.108.40.206 (M37.770, 1393, 1495), and ἰσο- in carm. 220.127.116.11 (M37.1244).
123. παλίνορσος ἁλίπλοος may recall Tryphiodorus 145: παλίνορσον ἐπὶ πλόον (cf. Gerlaud, ad. loc.).
Poem 8. On the Testaments and the Coming of Christ
The central critical problem of this poem concerns its unity. S. revises the view that he put forward in 'The Poemata Arcana of Gregory Nazianzus', JTS 21 (1970), pp. 32-42, concerning the status of the 60 lines found in manuscript L after line 18 (retained by Wyss). He now considers them to be genuine lines of G., but not part of this particular poem. Secondly, S. defends the unity of the remainder of the poem against Wyss, who followed the scribe of Bodleianus Clarkianus 12 (C) (cf. p. x) in introducing a break to the poem after line 81 (the scribe of C. also considered there to be a break after 30). It would have been of some help if the editors had chosen to print the athetised lines.
2. ἐξεφάνθη should be taken with both παλαιότερος and νέος. On Gregory's understanding of the relation between the Old and New Covenants, cf. Demoen, Pagan and Biblical Exempla, pp. 252-4.
4. For πείρασιν αἴης, cf. M.L. West on Theogony 335 (Oxford, 1966).
9. λυσσήεις is also found 18 times in Nonnus, Dionysiaca 2.292, 3.210, 5.353, 15.313, 22.207, 23.178, 24.136, 25.507, 28.283, 29.319, 30.56, 36.134, 45.2, 45.334, 46.101, 46.143, 48.85, and Paraphrasis 18.3. Contra S., in Euripides, Bacchae 977, λύσσα is a personification (thus E. R. Dodds, ad. loc. (Oxford, 2nd ed. 1960); in Hercules Furens, λύσσα is personified in 878, 884 and 899 as well as 823.
16. ἔτισε should perhaps be 'honoured' rather than 'came to worship', since the subject is μῦθος.
20. For λιταζομένοισιν, cf. Suda: λιτάζομαι: παρακαλῶ, δέομαι.
21. The text prints ὄλλυον, but the commentary ὤλλυον. Archilochus, frag. 26.6 West (= 27 Bergk) and Com. Adesp. 608 (ed. T. Kock, Leipzig, 1888) have the present tense ὀλλύεις.
24. The expression ὀρεων κορυφὰς is Homeric (Iliad 12.282, Odyssey 9.121, Homeric Hymn to Pan 7).
29. On Julian's plans for Jerusalem in relation to the reconstruction of the temple, cf. D. Levenson, 'Julian's attempt to rebuild the temple: an inventory of ancient and medieval sources', in H.W. Attridge, J.J. Collins, and T.H. Tobin (eds.), Of Scribes and Scrolls. Studies on the Hebrew Bible, Intertestamental Judaism and Christian Origins Presented to John Strugnell on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday (Lanham, New York and London, 1990), pp. 261-79, esp. 264-7.
35. The epithet θυμοβόροιο is Homeric (Iliad 7.301, 16.476, 20.253, all at the end of the line as here).
38-9. οὐ ... ἄκος looks like a gnomic expression and should therefore be translated in the present tense. 42. βροτωθῆναι also appears in the Christus Patiens A20 and 22.
53. For 'This came about' read 'Thus it came about'.
59. For ἁλίκτυπον, cf. also Euripides, Hippolytus 754, and the note of W. S. Barrett, ad. loc. Other instances in Nonnus are Dionysiaca 3.81, 13.434, 25.86, 26.174, 38.183, and 39.22.
70. Cf. N. J. Richardson on the Homeric Hymn to Demeter 168 (Oxford, 1974).
80. For 'my Lord', read 'my God'.
86. Neither ἀμφιρεπῆ nor κλιτόν is a hapax legomenon as suggested, cf. on the former Mesomedes fr. 8.16 (ed. E. Heitsch, Göttingen, 1963): ζυγὸν ἀμφιρεπῆ, and on the latter Philoponus, In Aristotelis categorias commentarium, vol. 13, 1, p. 10 (ed. A. Busse, Berlin, 1898).
88. παῖδες has been omitted from the translation ('the children of the Hebrews').
There is a very full bibliography, and few useful supplements can be suggested, apart from the Paderborn commentaries and the studies of Demoen, Kontoulis, and Lim mentioned above. The volume is completed with three indexes (Greek words, scripture, and general), but G.'s writings and other primary sources are not indexed.


text:
Ready to eat Carne Asada Taco
Carne asada is simply Mexican beef steak, its most often thin cuts of beef such as flank, skirt and hanger steak. I like to make a quick marinade with salt, pepper, chili powder and fresh lime juice, after a brief period to let the meat absorb the marinade flavors its on to a hot grill to quickly cook, when done it comes off the heat and rests for a few minutes. When cutting its best to have thin slices cut across the grain, next the meat is piled into a waiting warm tortilla. Mine will always have plenty of Guacamole and hot sauce. Now wheres the cold beers?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Classical Opera
Jommelli: Il Vologeso
- Niccolò Jommelli
- Il Vologeso (UK premiere)
- Orchestra of Classical Opera
- Stuart Jackson
- Lucio Vero
- Rachel Kelly
- Vologeso
- Gemma Summerfield
- Berenice
- Angela Simkin
- Lucilla
- Jennifer France
- Flavio
- Tom Verney
- Aniceto
- Ian Page
- conductor
As part of MOZART 250, Classical Opera presents the UK premiere of Niccolò Jommelli's Il Vologeso, first performed 250 years ago on 11 February 1766 for the Stuttgart court in Ludwigsburg. Jommelli was born just north of Naples in 1714 (the same year as Gluck) and died there in 1774. He composed over 80 operas, and was particularly renowned for the dramatic intensity and emotional realism of his music.
Il Vologeso is set in Ephesus in the second century. The Roman general Lucio Vero has defeated the Parthian king Vologeso but fallen in love with a Parthian princess, Berenice, who is herself betrothed to Vologeso. Powerless to protect her beloved, Berenice is faced with the choice of receiving either Lucio Vero's hand in marriage or Vologeso's severed head.
For this eagerly awaited concert performance Classical Opera has assembled a superb young cast, headed by the Irish mezzo-soprano Rachel Kelly, a recent graduate of the Royal Opera's Jette Parker Young Artist Programme, tenor Stuart Jackson, a current Classical Opera Associate Artist, and soprano Gemma Lois Summerfield, winner of the 2015 Kathleen Ferrier Award.


text:
|It's strange how when searching for a certain model you'll
suddenly come across another one that looks even more
spectacular than the one you were originally hunting down.
And that was certainly the case upon discovering this Latin beauty
by the name of Guilherme Ramalho.
He's a new face model with Way Models in Brazil, an Agency
that first set up business in 2007.
The images are by Michel Rodrigues.
More from that photo shoot can be seen HERE.
Sunday, 14 May 2017
A Latin Beauty......GUILHERME
4 comments:
Skinny little thing with a mop! What's not to like?ReplyDelete
Vera, The curly mop top reminded me of one of your favourites, Andrei Dobin.ReplyDelete
He would certainly stop ones model search! But did you ultimately find the one you were looking for? I wish you a richness in beautiful boys!ReplyDelete
Tom, I think I've forgotten who the model was... the one I was chasing. But I'm sure he'llReplyDelete
turn up in my picture files. I think this happens a lot when looking around for that perfect
model. In fact I quite often abandon what might have been my original post only to see someone
even more spectacular, thereby creating a whole different new post as I did with the beautiful
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text:
Tehachapi Mountain Rodeo
My latest trip was to visit Tehachapi Rodeo! I had a blast at this rodeo along with several visiting queens! I was given the honor of posting our nations colors both performances of the rodeo and pushing calves in the tie down roping. I was reunited with my favorite mount, Trigger, of Bobby Kerr's mustang specialty act. I participated in the local parade, grand entry, rodeo queen contest, and much more! It was an awesome experience and thank you to Mandy for making it happen!


text:
Arthur Conan Doyle Quotes About HorrorQuotes about: Horror
Adventure Affairs Ambition Animals Atmosphere Books Brothers Business Character Charity Children Crime Darkness Desire Devil Difficulty Dignity Dogs Doubt Duty Earth Education Effort Energy Evidence Evil Extras Eyes Fate Feelings Flowers Genius Ghosts Giving Habits Halloween Hate Heart Heaven Horror Horses House Imagination Inspirational Joy Justice Knowledge Language Life Literature Logic Love Lying Math Memories Mistakes Morning Nature Observation Pain Past Philosophy Revolver Romanticism Running Sarcasm Science Skepticism Soul Spring Study Talent Terror Time Violence Virtue Waiting Walking Wall War Water Wife Writing
Far away on the path we saw Sir Henry looking back, his face white in the moonlight, his hands raised in horror, glaring helplessly at the frightful thing which was hunting him down. But that cry of pain from the hound had blown all our fears to the winds. If he was vulnerable he was mortal, and if we could wound him we could kill him. Never have I seen a man run as Holmes ran that night.
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Arthur Conan Doyle
- Born: May 22, 1859
- Died: July 7, 1930
- Occupation: Physician
- Cite this Page: Citation


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08:21pm 10/10/2004
I bought the special Kollector's edition (Mileena version) of Mortal Kombat Deception....me and charlotte play the crap out of it....good stuff. i played it online with kyle and he killed me....impressive....charlotte kicks my ass at the puzzle kombat....she's pretty damn good. but, on the normal fighting and chess kombat i kill her....i stay with charlotte a lot now....and i'm happy about it. we are moving in together in january i believe....if not jan. then feb. either way it shall be an interesting experience....well, yeah i'm about to play some MK deception now....so gots ta go....i'm very happy and haven't been stressed in a long time....this is good....i love charlotte.
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another one....
01:08pm 06/10/2004
well, i'm done with work now....only worked 4 hours today. damn doctors are having trouble scheduling me in....well, its ok i guess....i'm about the get in the shower and then go see my grandparents who are in town from mississippi....that should be nice....then i'm coming home getting fight club then going to lay down with charlotte and watch the movie and prolly rest a bit....well, thats it for now....
who is alive? ME!
08:34am 06/10/2004
yeah its been ages since i've last written....and thats ok. but, yeah to get all caught up i shall say....my game collection has grown too much....and i work for my dad now with our company business....nice it really is. i'm nervous a bit about the first week of next month....and only my true friends know why....i'm with this wonderful girl charlotte who is from england and has an adorable accent. and thats all i shall say for now about her....besides that i do love her tons and tons....i'm taking her to go see muse dec. 2nd....i had to tell her i was taking her to a show so she could pick one....i mean what the fuck!? marilyn manson and muse playing on the same day same time???? and to top it all off dec. 2nd is her bday so it was a present to her....she chose muse but, it was so hard to choose for her....she kept on changing....its cool though....well, i bought this new game katamari demacy (thanks to anthony) and its bad ass!!!! i'm the prince of the cosmos and my dad is a retard for killin' the stars!!!! haha....kyle is borrowing it right now....but, i am gonna get it back soon....i already miss playing it....i want the new mortal kombat game....we'll see though....i miss cara and others....but, i'm figuring stuff out now and trying to decide things....anywho....i shall try and write more and more....take care to all who read and to all who aren't emo enough to have a livejournal....hehe....
The Legend of Zelda.
02:57am 17/02/2003
I am happy right now....and i am working more and a bunch of stuff. i am so looking forward to the new Zelda game for gamecube....i changed my background to the old idea of Zelda for gamecube....which, was called The Legend of Zelda from the Spaceworld 2000. anywho. ima sleep now. had an ok weekend. hoping to hang out with sara and nicole this coming week....and i am hoping to see valerie because i need to get my kung-pow dvd back and my books back from her mom. i noticed something....i seem to have quite a few too many friends....everywhere i go there usually is someone near that knows who i am...anywayz, that has no relevance what so ever to anything....well, yeah i bought millions more games....and basically i need to stop buying them for now because i must beat all the ones i have first....i have about 140 games now. good stuff....well, i'm off to bed and schtuff.
Read 9
i'm not dead. i promise.
12:17am 04/02/2003
this update is mostly for leah....:]
Well, many good things have happened to me lately kinda. saw finch and from autumn to ashes....good show. i have 5 arcade machines....and many more to come....got many more new games in general for my gamcube and PS2. i am about to start my own business in electronics and sell them and stuff. i have a business license and have a vending license. i have contacted a bunch of wholesale companies and international companies and i shall soon be stocking major electronics....from video game systems....car dvd players....home theater sound systems....pretty much anything electronic. well, i am only going to carry things that sell rather well which, i am figuring out....so i should be making much more money now....good stuff. i miss many people from livejournal....:[
but, i have been oh-so-very busy with my bunches of jobs and other stuff with this new business. well, hopefully i will update soon....bye.
Read 1
10:42pm 11/01/2003
well, i have been really sick lately. i was admitted to the hospital on monday and i was there for a few days all hooked up to IVs and it was not cool at all. i was in danger of my airway closing up. i had problems with my liver and i possibly had hepatitis(sp) and could get pnemonia(sp) because of all the fluids and saliva going into my lungs mixed with the infection that was all in my throat and my airways. holy crap i honestly was close to not breathing the doctor said. well, i hope everything works out fine. my liver is fine now and there is no chance of me having hepatitis or pnemonia which, is really good. i hope i get better though....the doctor told me to stay in the house for a week and take my antibiotics and pain medications. honestly i don't even need my pain medication. he gave me 40 lortab and i honestly think a popsicle does a better job of getting rid of the pain then the medication. so i have like 38 left. goodness....there they go to waste....i will prolly use them for something when i get hurt later on prolly. i am getting a lot of money about well near $1000 from taxes....which, is good....really good. since i have been home i have picked up a new hobby which is collecting those huge arcade machines....and so far i almost have popeye which, is my absolute favorite and then i am going to buy some other ones too....eeee. i am such a game nerd. i have an appointment next wednesday with the doctor and he will let me know when i can go back to work and do normal activities....but, i should just be careful as to not over-exhert myself. even though i wasn't able to get to my computer for your birthday sweetie....HAPPY 20th BIRTHDAY CARA! i love you.
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and i'm off to bed.
12:35am 04/01/2003
today was my last day at the pharmacy....hmm. kinda sad if ya think about it. i was really damn good at that job and it definitely isn't a job for everybody. tomorrow i am traveling to orlando with the lovely cara and we are going to check into our hotel and then go over to islands of adventure and universal....fun stuff. damn i love my new flatscreen S-video/dvd/mp3/cd tv....makes all my games look so much better. must sleep now. stacia might actually come over monday. she found batley which, makes me kinda happy. that should go well....since it is going to prolly be our last time to say goodbye because she is moving after that for good to gainsville and then my tennessee/mississippi trip will go into effect. hmm....let's hope this all works out.
12:12am 02/01/2003
happy late new year to all of you.
i am so lucky and fortunate to have what i have....i never realized how many people care about me and think i am really a great person. hmm....i tell people some things about past experiences and they say i definitely wasn't strange....twas the other way around. at least i am not the only one who believes that.
happy holidays.
09:28pm 24/12/2002
merry christmas everyone!!!! even though it is still christmas eve. i still wish you all a wonderful and joyful christmas!!!!
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but, i want to.
11:31pm 21/12/2002
it feels so good especially when the lil' girlie noises come out....of....
f u n s t u f f.
03:03am 06/12/2002
plans are starting to subside with moving. seems as though it will be sooner than i thought. i want to see a lot of people before i go....like cara, anthony, bobby, russ, rachel, valerie, robin, heather(in the kitchen--wink_wink), cristina, darvin, malwina(before she ships out to the marines) and a few others who i can't think of right now. i have a 16 and some hour drive ahead of me when i go. grr.
01:35am 25/11/2002
06:06pm 24/11/2002
I like my new job at k*b toys....i like it a lot. i get so much free stuff and it is great!
i'm stayin' in a tent!
03:19pm 22/11/2002
and we're off to go camping!!!! be back saturdayish/sunday morning....then i have to work at k-b toys from 9-5....i'm excited kinda.
01:24am 22/11/2002
wow! now i have 2 jobs....i work at eckerd still....and i also work at kb toys....good stuff....i work the fri. after thanksgiving from 5am-10pm. good stuff! i am going to be making a lot of money....and i get paid every friday....even more good stuff....now i am off to play metroid prime and then sleep.
01:19pm 21/11/2002
WELL! Tuesday I GOT METROID PRIME AND METROID FUSION! that was so fucking cool! those games kick ass! Yesterday I got MORTAL KOMBAT DEADLY ALLIANCE IN THE MAIL!!!! THAT GAME KICKS ASS!!!! and tomorrow i am going to rainbow river and crystal springs i think with cara for our environmental science class....i will get extra credit....so that is cool....and i get to wear a wet suit and look like a frog....eeee! well, ima go play games with cara soon and then go to work...."sigh"....valerie is so so sad and i wish she wasn't....i think she is wonderful and she should definitely be ok soon....hopefully....she is so neat.
Read 5
10:21pm 18/11/2002
METROID PRIME AND METROID FUSION TOMORROW!!!! i am such a nerd.
Read 2
06:24pm 17/11/2002
good news is metroid prime and metroid fusion come out on tuesday and my mortal kombat deadly alliance game will be here friday....yippee!
bad news is hmm....i honestly don't think i have bad news as of now.
09:54am 16/11/2002
i like her....a lot....and maybe i will....but, i don't want to.
09:50am 16/11/2002
well, i haven't updated in awhile i guess....but, yeah....school is becoming more and more easy. the term papers i have to do are quite simple and everyone at school is stressing over them so damn much....it isn't that bad....just 1500-2000 words....goodness. anywayz....things have been really great actually. my parents are in boluxi (spelling) in mississippi i think....they will be back sunday. i am so tired....grr. well, i am off to do things.


text:
"Why don't you leave this to the boys, sweetcakes." was how The Yard Barker has the story going down. http://tinyurl.com/23399ps
but Fox Sports tells it like this: "Listen to me, sweet baby, let me tell you something," Sports Announcer Ron Franklin reportedly told Jeannine Edwards.
having the world's largest network of special reporters, well connected, probing, and willing to ferret out the truth, i called my uncle freddie, who weighed in immediately with his take on the subject.
"Sammy is that you.. Are you still a moron? Yea, I got the details, she is denying ever being called sweetcakes, which she finds offensive, demeaning, and completely out of line. She insists she was called sweetie, which she kinda liked, cause she aint no sweetie.... But I got the scoop on the really big story, here Sammy, this is gonna be good, I can't wait to call my Editor, and get this to print right away, so how's your mother?"
I knew my uncle freddie must have something really big, so i mumbled something about my mother vacationing in miami, taking her pet humans to the beach, but it being cold.... "Sammy, I could care less about your mother, I was just kidding around, you're still a moron, just like i thought...Here's the scoop... that Jeannine Edwards... Oh this is good, gonna bust this story wide open, I tell you... That Edwards broad? She wears contacts!! I gotta go Sammy. Quit bein such a maroon, huh kid?"
We can make alot of choices in life, but we can't choose our family.


text:
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text:
image – taming of the shrew
Gwyneth Paltrow did get a hammering in the media for her "conscious uncoupling" statement… like it or not, they were talked about.
On the other hand, our discussion on this subject lead me to thoughts on the qualities and elements that do make a relationship great and endurable.
~ ~ ~
Spending time with one person over a long period of time, despite the joy, is marked with challenges.
It would be naive of us to think otherwise… and to embark on a serious commitment without this understanding would be foolish. Long term partnerships require work… endless compromise and patience… but the rewards are there.
The rewards are the greatest gift of all.
~ ~ ~
I have always believed that what holds many long standing relationships together is history… a shared history.
Time together means memories are created, battles are fought and won. A life together is built, explored and developed… experiences are shared. Commonality bonds us together…
History binds us through the big and the small… Without consciously thinking about it, when we choose a long term partner, we are writing our history with that person.
Our lives will be intertwined forever… for however long we are together or apart.
A relationship cannot function on the past alone… for a relationship is a living, breathing and constantly changing momentum…
As we grow, we change, as does our relationship… but our shared experience, our friends, our family … memories of great happiness… can oftentimes give us the strength to forge on when the difficulties seem insurmountable.
~ ~ ~
Your comments of last week about relationships were instilled with great, great wisdom.
Many of you shared the same sentiments when it came to the qualities needed to sustain a long term relationship.
In summary… ten lines… ten I will remember… ten, that must surely signify a deep and profound love.
Trust, loyalty and perseverance…
Honesty and consideration for each other.
Compassion and courtesy…
Commitment and communication.
Patience and understanding… be open minded and flexible in your thoughts.
Choose your battles…
Be simpatico with your goals and dreams…
Kindness… don't take each other for granted.
Respect and acceptance…
Friendship and laughter.
Did we miss any? What other qualities do you believe contributes to a long and happy relationship? xv


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Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
Rejection Rate
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Mirsane, S., Shafagh, S. (2016). A narrative review on fasting of pregnant women in the holy month of Ramadan.
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
, 4(2), 53-56. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2016.7032
Sayed Alireza Mirsane; Shima Shafagh. "A narrative review on fasting of pregnant women in the holy month of Ramadan".
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
, 4, 2, 2016, 53-56. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2016.7032
Mirsane, S., Shafagh, S. (2016). 'A narrative review on fasting of pregnant women in the holy month of Ramadan',
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
, 4(2), pp. 53-56. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2016.7032
Mirsane, S., Shafagh, S. A narrative review on fasting of pregnant women in the holy month of Ramadan.
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
, 2016; 4(2): 53-56. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2016.7032
A narrative review on fasting of pregnant women in the holy month of Ramadan
Article 1
Volume 4, Issue 2
, Spring 2016
, Page
Document Type: Review Article
Sayed Alireza Mirsane
Shima Shafagh
Surgical Technology student, School of Nursing and Midwifery,Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan,I.R.IRAN
General Surgery Specialist, Medical School, Kashan University of Medical Science,Kashan,I.R.IRAN.
Receive Date
19 April 2016
Revise Date
09 June 2016
Accept Date
14 June 2016
One of the basic rituals of Islam is fasting during Ramadan. In this month, all able-bodied Muslims abstain from food, fluids, smoking, and oral medications from sunrise to sunset. According to the Quran, if fasting poses major health risks to individuals, fasting during this holy month is not allowed. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fasting on maternal and fetal health. Therefore, we investigated studies in three different areas, including fetal growth and development, intrauterine and early-life conditions, and laboratory findings. According to the results, fasting had no significant effect on pregnant and healthy women. However, further studies should be conducted in this area in order to obtain more comprehensive and accurate results. Furthermore, it is suggested that healthy pregnant women be monitored by physicians during fasting.
Pregnant woman
Bajaj S, Khan A, Fathima FN, Jaleel MA, Sheikh A, Azad Ka and et al: South Asian consensus statement on women's health and Ramadan. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012, 16 (4): 508-511.
Holy Qur'an-AL-BAQARA(2):185
Mubeen SM, Mansoor S, Hussain A, Qadir S. Perceptions and practices of fasting in Ramadan during pregnancy in Pakistan. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2012;17(7):467-471.
Joosoph J, Abu J, Yu SL. A survey of fasting during pregnancy; Singapore Med J. 2004;45(12):583–586.
Karateke A, Kaplanoglu M, Avci F, Keskin Kurt R, Baloglu A; The effect of Ramadan fasting on fetal development Pak J Med Sci. 2015 Nov-Dec; 31(6): 1295–1299.
Jürges, Hendrik, Ramadan fasting, sex-ratio at birth, and birth weight: No effects on Muslim infants born in Germany. 2015;Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 137, pages 13-16.
Kavehmanesh Z, Abolghasemi H;Maternal Ramadan fasting and neonatal health. J Perinatol. 2004 Dec;24(12):748-50.
Cross JH, Eminson J, Wharton BA;Ramadan and birth weight at full term in Asian Moslem pregnant women in Birmingham. Arch Dis Child. 1990 Oct;65(10 Spec No):1053-6.
Sarafraz N, Kafaei Atrian M, Abbaszadeh F, Bagheri A. Effect of Ramadan Fasting during Pregnancy on Neonatal Birth Weight. J Fasting Health. 2014; 2(1):37-40.
Ozturk E, Balat O, Ugur MG, Yazıcıoglu C, Pence S, Erel Ö, and et al;Effect of Ramadan fasting on maternal oxidative stress during the second trimester: a preliminary study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011 Jul;37(7):729-33.
Dikensoy E, Balat O, Cebesoy B, Ozkur A, Cicek H, Can G;The effect of Ramadan fasting on maternal serum lipids, cortisol levels and fetal development. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009;279(2):119–123.
Dikensoy E, Balat O, Cebesoy B, Ozkur A, Cicek H, Can G; Effect of fasting during Ramadan on fetal development and maternal health. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008 Aug;34(4):494-8.
Boskabadi H, Mehdizadeh A, Alboumiri Z. Effect of the Number of Ramadan Fasting Days on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes. J Fasting Health. 2014; 2(2): 84-89.
Naderi T, Kamyabi Z. Determination of final height increase in fasting and non-fasting pregnant women during Ramadan. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(6):809–10.
Seckin KD, Yeral MI, Karslı MF, Gultekin IB; Effect of maternal fasting for religious beliefs on fetal sonographic findings and neonatal outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014 Aug;126(2):123-5.
Moradi M; The effect of Ramadan fasting on fetal growth and Doppler indices of pregnancy. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16:165–9.
Makvandi S, Nematy M, Karimi L. Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Neonatal Anthropometric Measurements in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy. J Fasting Health. 2013; 1(2):53-57.
Salleh H; Ramadan fasting among pregnant women in Muar district, Malaysia and its association to health outcomes. Malays J Reprod Health. 1989;7(1):69–83.
Rahman M, Rashid M, Basher S, Sultana S, Nomani MZ; Improved serum HDL cholesterol profile among Bangladeshi male students during Ramadan fasting. East Mediterr Health J. 2004;10(1-2):131–7.
Mazidi M, Rezaie P, Nematy M. The Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Growth Parameters: A Narrative Review. J Fasting Health. 2014; 2(1): 41-44.
Ziaee V, Kihanidoost Z, Younesian M, Akhavirad MB, Bateni F, Kazemianfar Z, and et al ;The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Outcome of Pregnancy; Iran J Pediatr. 2010 Jun; 20(2): 181–186.
Osol G, Mandala M; Maternal uterine vascular remodeling during pregnancy. Physiology (Bethesda) 2009;24:58–71.
Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, Yarmohammadi L, et al; The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore Med J. 2006;47(5):409–414.
Mirghani HM, Salem M, Weerasinghe SD; Effect of maternal fasting on uterine arterial blood flow. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2007;33(2):151–154.
Prentice AM, Prentice A, Lamb WH, Lunn PG, Austin S; Metabolic consequences of fasting during Ramadan in pregnant and lactating women. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1983;37(4):283–294.
Hizli D, Yilmaz SS, Onaran Y, Kafali H, Danişman N, Mollamahmutoğlu L;Impact of maternal fasting during Ramadan on fetal Doppler parameters, maternal lipid levels and neonatal outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Jul;25(7):975-7.
Awwad J, Usta IM, Succar J, Musallam KM, Ghazeeri G, Nassar AH; The effect of maternal fasting during Ramadan on preterm delivery: A prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2012;119:1379–86.
Khoshdel A, Kheiri S, Nasiri J, Ahmari Tehran H, Heidarian E; The effect of Ramadan fasting on serum leptin, neuropeptide Y and insulin in pregnant women ; 2014;Med J Islam Repub Iran. 28: 92.
Ismail NA, Olaide Raji H, Abd Wahab N, Mustafa N, Kamaruddin NA;Glycemic Control among Pregnant Diabetic Women on Insulin Who Fasted During Ramadan. Abdul Jamil M. Iran J Med Sci. 2011 Dec;36(4):254.
Khoshdel A, Kheiri S, Nasiri J, Mobasheri M. The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Biochemical Substances Relating to the Renal and Bone Function of Fasting Pregnant Women, 2011-2012. J Fasting Health. 2013; 1(2): 79-84.
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text: CareerDay | EXPO REAL Topics "CareerDay really got my career going" – Participants on CareerDay at EXPO REAL 2015 9. September 2016 CareerDay takes place every year on the third and last day of EXPO REAL. It offers young professionals, students and graduates the chance to get to know companies and submit applications on the spot. It's also the perfect opportunity for companies to find potential new employees. © CBRE GmbH Jakob Cil, Analyst/Research Berlin, CBRE GmbH "As a graduate, I wanted to use CareerDay at EXPO REAL 2015 to introduce myself to companies. I was impressed with the number of companies represented – some of them even with their team leaders and departmental heads, including my present boss at CBRE – Jan Linsin, Head of Research Germany. We spoke about possibilities at CBRE as well as the activities of a researcher. With success! Shortly after CareerDay, I was invited to an official interview at CBRE. I've now been working at CBRE since the beginning of the year for the Berlin Retails Investment Team – the same position I was interested in at EXPO REAL. Visiting CareerDay way definitely worth it and I can highly recommend it to anyone interested in real estate." © Greif & Contzen Carolin Dißmann, Internal Services/Personnel Management, Greif & Contzen Immobilien GmbH "For Greif & Contzen, as a company, CareerDay is the perfect platform for us to present ourselves as a potential employer to students, graduates and young professionals, and it also gives us the chance to talk to them. As a company participating from the beginning, CareerDay is a hugely important event for us as part of EXPO REAL." Lea Seemann, Sales Assistant, LÜHRMANN Berlin GmbH & Co. KG "As a student of real estate industry, EXPO REAL 2015 was the first real estate fair I visited as a career stepping stone. I was a bit overwhelmed by the size of the stands and on the first two days, I only spoke to companies I already knew. The last day of CareerDay really helped me though. In addition to big names of real estate, I also had the chance to talk to the smaller broker firms. Mr. Radszuweit from LÜHRMANN was particularly pleasant and we spoke about the market and interesting projects. The application process is really simple: You introduce yourself and find out which positions the company is looking to fill, then, if there's a match, you hand over your application. Out of nine applications I handed in, eight companies invited me to interviews. LÜHRMANN Berlin was one that invited me and I was offered a job as Sales Assistant with the perspective of becoming a Retail Broker. CareerDay really got my career going and gave me the chance to step straight into professional life after studying." Further information on CareerDay Have a look at the exhibitors in the CareerCorners Preparation tips for CareerDay At a glance: EXPO REAL CareerDay 2016 Target group: Students, graduates, young professionals Date: Thursday, October 6, 2016, 09:00 – 14:00 Location: Meet & Retreat Lounge, Hall A2 (south) Conference Program: PLANNING & PARTNERSHIPS FORUM Leave a Reply Cancel replyYou must be logged in to post a comment. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.


text:
Thursday, 18 September 2008
Chris Haueter on the mats!!
More pix from UMA/FILA comp!
Tuesday, 16 September 2008
Happy Birthday James Canavan!!
All the very best to one of our more facially challenged members, James 'Legs' Canavan, from both myself (the handsome one) and the rest of the guys and gals at the club (not so handsome), have a great day mate!
Jim is the guy on the left of the picture.
Posted by TFP at 11:27 No comments:
Monday, 15 September 2008
UMA matches on You Tube!!
One from each team member!
Posted by TFP at 18:05 No comments:
UMA/FILA event yesterday!!
Had a very good day out in Derby supporting Jim and Ebe on a unique day for grappling events, running two events side by side. It was a great chance to see top level grapplers going head to head and seeing what it takes to reach the next level and for the elite grapplers and coaches a chance to send their juniors into battle on the UMA mats and see the standard at this event.
Overall, received lost of positive feedback from coaches and competitors and was made extremely proud of my students Leroy, Gaz and Jim who all medalled on the day and displayed excellent sportsmanship and some polished grappling skills - well done lads!!
Big shout to Ben 'I'll eat all the biscuits and toffees on the judges desks' Ogunby for taking us down and helping out on the day and getting himself back in time for his tea!!
Posted by TFP at 12:24 No comments:
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Appetizers | Soup/Chili/Salad | Burgers | Sandwiches | Wraps | Pizza | Specialties | Kid's Menu | Desserts
Chicken Wings 1.5lbs $10.50 3lbs $19.50
Hot Sauce, Durkees, Honey BBQ, Dry Rub or Lemon Pepper Dry Rub
Please allow 15 minutes to prepare!!
St. Louis Style Toasted Ravioli $9.00
Toasted and sprinkled with romano parmesan cheese and served with marinara sauce. A great St. Louis tradition!
Potato Skins $9.50
Deliciously crispy fried potato boats, loaded with cheese and chopped bacon. Served with sour cream.
Pub Pretzels $9.00
Oven baked and served with spicy mustard and nacho cheese sauce!
Nachos $9.50
Tri Colored tortilla chips piled hight with cheese, salsa, jalapenos, sour cream, guacamole and Pico de Gallo.
Try it with chicken or beef for only $2.50 more!
Duffy's Homemade Dips $9.25
Creamy Spinach and Artichoke Dip
Buffalo Chicken Dip
Try a duo of both dips for $10.00
Gluten Free? Ask to substitute celery sticks for $1
Chicken Tenders $9.50
Hand breaded in house with a southern style batter. Served with your choice of dipping sauce!
Chicken Quesadilla $9.95
A huge flour tortilla stuffed with grilled chicken, fresh Pico de Gallo and served with a side of sour cream and salsa.
Cheese Quesadilla $7.95
Duffy's Famous Sliders $10.25
Choose between our famous cheeseburger sliders or pulled pork sliders. Served with French Fries
Choose Two Combo $9.50
Put any two items listed together to make the perfect meal!
- ½ Cold Sandwich (turkey, roast beef, corned beef, tuna salad or chicken salad served on your choice of bread)
- Bowl of soup
- Bowl of chili
- Small house salad
- Small Caesar salad
Duffy's Award Winning Chili
Cup $3.95 Bowl $5.95
Thick and hearty, it's on of our best sellers! Served with shredded cheddar cheese, diced onions and fresh tortilla chips.
Soup Du Jour
Cup $3.95 Bowl $5.95
Made fresh daily!
Duffy's House Salad
Small $6.00 Bowl $9.00
Large, colorful, crisp lettuce and parmesan cheese tossed on our famous homemade house dressing and topped with red onion and croutons.
Add chicken (grilled or fried) for only $2.50.
Taco Salad $10.25
Crispy fresh lettuce inside one of our fresh flaky tortilla bowls. Topped with our award winning chili, cheese, tomato, black olives, sour cream and guacamole. Served with a side of salsa.
Cobb Salad $12.00
We top this huge pile greens with turkey, tomatoes, cucumber, crumbled bleu cheese, red onions, bacon bits, cheddar cheese and egg. Served with your dressing of choice.
Caesar Salad
Small $6.95 Large $9.95
Crisp romaine greens with freshly grated parmesan and croutons. Lightly tossed on our creamy Caesar dressing.
Add chicken for only $2.50 more.
The Wedge $9.00
A huge slice of our fresh, chilly iceberg lettuce, topped with diced tomatoes, smoky bacon bits, bleu cheese crumbles and smothered in our creamy bleu cheese dressing.
Beef Steak Salad $13.00
Crisp Romaine lettuce, diced tomatoes, red onions and bleu cheese. We then lay a piece of our perfectly charbroiled 100% Angus beef steak over the top. Served with balsamic vinaigrette.
Southwest Salad $12.00
Grilled or Fried Chicken, corn, red onion, cheddar cheese, tomatoes, bacon on top of mixed greens and served with a Southwest ranch dressing.
House Made Dressings: House (Italian vinaigrette), Ranch, Honey Mustard, Bleu Cheese, 1000 Island, Caesar, French, Balsamic Vinaigrette and Southwest Ranch
Other Dressings: Lite Ranch
St. Louis' Best Burgers
Add any of the following toppings and breads to customized any burger or sandwich!
$.50 – american cheese, swiss, pepper jack, provolone, any of your favorite sauces, grilled onions, sautéed mushrooms, sauerkraut, green peppers
$1 – bleu cheese crumbles, guacamole, onion ring, egg, bacon
$2 – pretzel bun, gluten free bun, ciabatta
Side Choices: French fries, waffle fries, onion rings, homemade bb1 potato chips, cole slaw, cottage cheese, broccoli or baked potato.
$.95 – substitute sweet potato fries or the Vegetable of the day.
$1.95 – substitute a small salad or cup of soup
Duffy's Famous Hamburger $9.75
Half pound of hand-patted juiciness!
add cheese for $.50 or bleu cheese crumbles for $1. add bacon for $1
Bison Burger $13.95
Thick, juicy 96% lean ground Bison
Swiss n' Mushroom $10.75
Sautéed button mushrooms and Swiss cheese.
Patty Melt $10.75
Swiss cheese and grilled onions on grilled rye bread.
Bleu Cheese & Bacon Bit Burger $11.75
Chunky bleu cheese dressing and crispy bacon bits.
Sourdough Cheeseburger $10.75
Zesty mustard relish and grilled onions on top of grilled sourdough bread.
Western Burger $11.50
Smoky cheddar cheese, BBQ sauce and a huge onion ring.
Turkey Burger $10.75
Ground turkey and herb seasoning, topped with red onion, lettuce, tomato and a garlic aioli mayo. Served on an wheat bun.
Boca Burger $10.75
Soy, wheat and cheese and a steamed vegetable medley, hand patted and served on a wheat roll with lettuce, tomato and red onion. Served on a wheat bun.
The FDA advises that consuming raw or uncooked meat poses a health risk to everyone, but especially the elderly, children and pregnant women. Thorough cooking of such animal foods reduces the risk of illness.
French Dip $11.50
Sliced roast beef smoked in house and served on an asiago hoagie. Au jus for dipping. Add cheese for only $.50.
Reuben $10.75
Irish Pub favorite! Lean corned beef with sauerkraut, Swiss cheese, 1000 island dressing all served on top of grilled corn meal rye bread.
Chicken and Walnut Salad Sandwich $10.25
Homemade all white meat chicken salad with walnuts and celery. Served on cranberry wheat bread and topped with lettuce and tomato.
Tuna Salad Sandwich $10.25
Albacore tuna salad served on white bread and topped with lettuce and tomato.
Louisiana Chicken Sandwich $10.50
Breaded and fried chicken breast dipped into Duffy's homemade wing sauce and served on a Kaiser roll.
BBQ Chicken $10.25
Charbroiled chicken breast topped with Swiss cheese, grilled onions and BBQ sauce and served on a Kaiser roll.
Chicken Club $10.75
Charbroiled chicken breast topped with American cheese, crispy bacon, lettuce, tomato and light mayo all on a Kaiser roll.
T&C Chicken $10.25
Charbroiled chicken breast topped with lettuce, tomato and our special honey mustard sauce all on a Kaiser roll.
Tuna Melt $10.50
Albacore tuna salad and Swiss cheese melted on top of toasted corn meal rye bread.
Turkey Melt $10.75
Sliced turkey, Swiss cheese, crispy bacon, tomato and 1000 island dressing stacked high on grilled sourdough bread.
Cod Sandwich $10.95
A BIG piece of golden, breaded cod, fried and topped with American cheese. Served on a French roll with tartar sauce on the side.
Cajun Tilapia $10.50
Fresh filet grilled with Cajun seasoning and served on a French roll. Served with a side of tartar sauce.
The Big Dog $9.95
Charbroiled 100% all beef kosher Hebrew National hot dog served on a French roll and topped with chili, cheese and onions.
Classic BLT $10.25
Loads of crispy bacon, crisp lettuce and fresh tomatoes stacked high with mayo on white toast.
Chicken Chipotle Melt $10.50
Charbroiled chicken breast, cheddar cheese, bacon, lettuce, tomato and our secret chipotle sauce on top of sourdough bread.
Triple Stacked Club $10.75
Turkey, ham, crispy bacon, American cheese, lettuce, tomato and mayo stacked between three slices of sourdough bread.
BBQ Beef Brisket Sandwich $10.95
Hickory slow smoked, sliced thick and piled high on garlic Texas toast. BBQ sauce on the side.
Pulled Pork Sandwich $10.95
Slow smoked and pulled in house! Topped with our BBQ sauce and homemade coleslaw.
Buffalo Chicken Wrap $9.75
Diced grilled chicken, romaine lettuce, provel cheese and Duffy's homemade hot sauce. Served with your choice of ranch or bleu cheese on the side.
Chicken Club Wrap $9.75
Diced grilled chicken, bacon bits, cheddar cheese, romaine lettuce, tomato and ranch dressing.
Southwest Chicken Wrap $9.75
Diced grilled chicken, romaine lettuce, pepper jack cheese, bacon bits, salsa and ranch dressing.
Veggie Wrap $7.95
Lightly seasoned and sautéed vegetables wrapped with romaine lettuce in a large flour tortilla. add guacamole for $1.
Dinner Specialties
Chicken Strip Dinner $12.50
A substantial meal of our southern style chicken strips served with French fries and your choice of dipping sauce.
Grilled Salmon Dinner $15.95
7 oz. hand cut fillet marinated in our homemade Italian dressing. Grilled pink and flaky, then basted with our homemade bourbon glaze. Served with a baked potato and salad.
Blackened Tilapia $13.95
Mild white fish fillet marinated and grilled. Served over orzo noodles with broccoli. Side salad to start. Try if over a salad!
Lemon Butter Chicken $12.95
Charbroiled chicken breast basted with Duffy's lemon butter sauce and served over orzo noodles with broccoli. Side salad to start.
BBQ Ribs $15.99 (half rack) $24.99 (full rack)
Half Slab of baby back pork ribs brushed lightly with our BBQ sauce. Served with French fries and coleslaw.
Cheese $7.95
One Topping $8.95
Two Topping $9.95
Three Topping $10.95
Four Topping $11.95
Cheese $9.75
One Topping $10.95
Two Topping $12.95
Three Topping $13.95
Four Topping $15.95
Add $1.00 for each additional topping added to a four topping pizza.
Specialty Pizzas
BBQ Chicken $11.50 (10″) $15.50 (14″) – bbq sauce, chicken, red onion
Chipotle Chicken & Bacon $13.50 (10″) $17.50 (14″) – chipotle sauce, chicken, bacon, tomatoes
Deluxe $14.00 (10″) $18.00 (14″) – pepperoni, sausage, hamburger, bacon, onion, green pepper, black olive, mushrooms
Meatlovers $13.00 (10″) $17.00 (14″) – pepperoni, sausage, bacon, hamburger
Veggie $13.00 (10″) $17.00 (14″) – onions, mushrooms, tomatoes, green peppers, black olives
Buffalo Chicken $11.50 (10″) $15.50 (14″) – Duffy's Famous Wing sauce, chicken, drizzled with ranch dressing
Toppings: pepperoni, Italian sausage, bacon, hamburger, chicken, black olives, green peppers, onions, tomato, mushrooms, jalapenos, pineapple, banana peppers.
We make our pizza with a provel and mozzarella mix. For all of our non St. Louis born patrons, we offer a 100% mozzarella cheese option.
Kids Menu
(all kids meals come with your choice of French fries or apple sauce)
Kid Cheeseburger $5.00
Kid Chicken Strips $5.00
Grilled Cheese $5.00
Toasted Ravioli $5.00
Cheese Quesadilla $5.00
Cheese Pizza $5.00
(additional toppings $.50/each)
Duffy's Homemade Desserts
Texas Sheet Cake $7.00
Big, flat and rich! A thin layer of homemade chocolate cake with melt-in-your-mouth chocolate icing. We top it of with a scoop of vanilla ice cream. To die for!!
Cobbler of the Day $7.50
Baked fresh every day! We feature cherry, blackberry, apple and peach. Served hot and topped with a scoop of ice cream.
Carrot Cake $6.00
Homemade, moist and tasty! Made with cream cheese icing.
Homemade Ice Cream Pie $6.00
Layers of chocolate and vanilla ice cream on an Oreo crumb crust. We top it with bits of shaved chocolate, whipped cream and chocolate sauce.
Ice Cream Sundae $2.00/scoop – vanilla ice cream topped with chocolate sauce, whipped cream and a cherry.
Weekly Specials
Monday and Tuesday Nights (after 4pm) – Kids eat FREE! (10 and under w/ adult entrée) – DINE IN ONLY!
Wednesday – Fried chicken dinner – $12.95 – includes red skin mashed potatoes and green beans.
Thursday – Duffy's homemade meatloaf dinner – $10.95 – includes red skin mashed potatoes and green beans.


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HTC Desire 728G, company's best octa-core mid-range smartphone with next generation features launched in India Which is available online through ebays in White and Gold or Black and Gray color option. HTC has recently launched HTC One A9, HTC Desire 728 and HTC Desire 820G Plus Dual SIM, HTC M9 Plus priced at Rs. 52,500, HTC One ME Dual SIM at Rs 40,500 and HTC One E9 Plus priced at Rs 36,790.
The all new HTC Desire 728G supports 4G LTE, Dual-SIM(CDMA+GSM), 3G, GPS, Wi-fI, Bluetooth, USB comes with a 5.5′-inch HD display with 720×1280 pixels resolution and 267ppi pixel density with superior wide angle HD viewing perfect for watching movies, reading e-books and playing games.
Read More about:-HTC Desire 728 Dual SIM Price, Review, Release date, Specifications, features
HTC Desire 728G powered by a powerful 64-Bit Octa-core MediaTek MT6753 SoC processor clocked at 1.3GHz with 1.5GB RAM and runs on latest Android 5.1 Lollipop OS with HTC's Sense UI blazing multitasking and superior gaming environment reducing heat allows to run your smoothly while 16GB in-built memory and up to 2TB microSD card slot offers you plenty of space to store your favourite songs, music and games.
HTC Desire 728G is the best budget smartphone with the best ever camera which combines a 13-MP rear Auto Focus camera with Tripal LED flash Full HD(1080p) video recording promising best picture quality in any condition while 5-MP front facing camera is perfect for clicking selfies and making video call packed with a powerful 2800mAh battery promising Standby time up to 485 hours on 2G and talk time up to 21 hours on 3G measures 157.9×77.84×7.87mm and weight only 153gm.
Read More About:- HTC One A9 Price in India, Release date, Specifications, features
HTC Desire 728G Specifications:-
- Network 4G/3G/2G
- SIM Type Dua-SIM(CDMA+GSM)
- Display 5.5′-inch HD display with 720×1280 pixels resolution and 267ppi pixel density
- OS Android 5.1 Lollipop OS with HTC's Sense UI
- Processor 64-Bit Octa-core MediaTek MT6753 SoC clocked at 1.3GHz
- RAM 1.5GB + ROM 16GB+up to 2TB Micro SD card slot
- Camera 13-MP Rear Camera + 8-MP front
- Battery 2800mAh
- Dimension 157.9×77.84×7.87mm, Weight 153gm
- HTC Desire 728G Colours White and Gold, or Black and Gray
- HTC Desire 728G Release date By Nov. 2015
- HTC Desire 728G Price in India Rs 17,990
Read More About:-HTC Desire 728 Dual SIM Full Specifications, Price
At last few honest word, the all new HTC Desire 728G Dual SIM will be big hit among the mid-range buyers. What you think? Please be open to give your view.


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March 06, 2017
Sir, I refer to your "incisive new global business columnist" Rana Foroohar writing, from a local perspective, that "Trump's trade policies won't help my town" March 6.
Let me for the umpteenth time comment on two issues
Foroohar writes: "small and medium-sized businesses create about 60 per cent of jobs in America." And it is precisely to "risky" SMEs that bank regulators have assigned among the largest risk-weights; which mean banks need to hold the most capital when lending to these; which means they have dis-incentivized bank lending the most, to what we most need to have access to credit. It is all so loony, especially considering that major bank crisis never result from excessive lending to this type of client… since these are perceived as risky.
Foroohar also writes: "Carrier recently cut a deal with the president to keep 1,000 jobs in Indiana rather than moving them to Mexico, only to come under fire from unions for outsourcing hundreds of others and replacing workers with robots… Those who might in the past have worked $25 an hour factory jobs now do $11-$13 an hour shifts at Walmart."
That should indicate that our society has been surprised, unprepared, for a major event, namely that immense structural unemployment that might result from the use of robots and other variants of automation. How should we handle it? Do we not need decent and worthy unemployments? Should we at least not tax robots and cousins with any type of taxes we load on the employed so that these latter could at least compete fairly for jobs? There are hundreds of questions waiting to be answered but in this data world, we don't find any data on for instance how many jobs were effectively taken over by robots and cousins during the last decade.
Of course, as Foroohar says, "when it comes to trade Mr Trump is fighting the last war". But the main reason for that is that no one informed Trump or the rest that there was a new war going on". Did anyone mention the insane bank regulations war on risk-taking, the oxygen of development? Did Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders talk of the robots coming? Was a Universal Basic Income possibility raised in any town-hall meeting? Who told Trump and the electorate that the building the Mexico Wall could itself represent the last decent job opportunities for many, on both sides of the wall? Sir, clearly the world has a lot of urgent catching up to do.


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When it comes to streaming live video, Major League Baseball Advanced Media (MLBAM) is the gold standard — with a dedicated streaming platform for MLB as well as high-profile clients like HBO Now. Since seamless performance at peak demand is critical for their users, MLBAM embraced a DevOps approach to application development and deployment, leading them to Amazon Web Services and New Relic.
Read this case study now to find out how, thanks to the scalability of AWS and visibility from New Relic, MLBAM was able to:
- Remove performance bottlenecks and minimize lag between real-time video and data distribution to customers
- Make performance data clear and commonly available across teams
- Troubleshoot complex applications with APIs to other systems
- Optimize resource allocation and significantly reduce their mean-time-to-recovery
"The amount of information we gain with the New Relic AWS integration makes it vastly easier to not only understand issues when they emerge, but to become more predictive and work to resolve them before they happen."
– Brandon SanGiovanni, Senior Manager, Core Media Operations, MLBAM


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Try Not to Lose this iPod Thumb Tack Microphone
You know those commercials that show an old lady in an endless mall parking lot who's life could be made so much simpler if only she had one of those keychain gadgets that let you leave yourself voice memos about where you parked the car? They're right. You could find a million uses for a voice memo recorder, if only you really wanted to carry one around. Instead, pick up this tiny push-pin-sized microphone and use your iPod...
Thumb Tacks are compact little microphones that plug into the headphone jack of any 4th Gen iPod Nano or iPod Touch to turn them into a voice recorder.
It's a great idea for students, who probably already carry an iPod to tune out down the sidewalks inbetween classes. Just pull out your shiny white earbuds and pop in a shiny white Thumb Tacks microphone to catch that important lecture to study later.
The Web site also says that it works with third party applictions, so who knows what else the genius app-making brains could figure out what to do with this.
Get one in white, red or black from SwitchEasy for $12.99.
[ Via Ubergizmo ]


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Internet safety for parents, or isolation for children? Which is more than important? An opening thinking would no state of mind egg on a knee-jerk criticism. Surely there's goose egg more central than ensuring your minor is nontoxic online?
With a remarkably girlish child, apparently you can vindicatory sit near them and in stages put on show them fun things to do on the computer, and in time the Internet (some would examine whether family should be mistreatment the Internet at all, but that's a diametrical article altogether). This is not the case, however, next to older family and teenagers, and simply as our colleagues astounded our parents our offspring keep alive to shock us with their clasp of application and inevitability for independency.
Are location dangers online? Yes. Certainly at hand are, and whichever of them echoingly nasty and mayhap even highly uncertain. You singular have to scrutiny the tidings headlines to see this is sure. This obviously makes Internet refuge for parents an exalted reason in any territory next to a minor and a electronic computer.Post ads:
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So what can you, as a parent, do?
- 1. Banish your teenager from the Internet, or a cut above yet- from your home! Let's get brutal! I don't think so.
- 2. Only let your tiddler use the machine when you're sat side by side to them, looking at their all change place. This doesn't groan super either, and could relatively easily head to arguments. I call back when my Dad early bought a computing device beside a modem; he was so demanding complete what I could and couldn't do that it took weeks previously I was even allowed adjacent a mouse, let unsocial a website! Of course, he agreeable complete time, and he was retributive difficult to make a fuss of me.
- 3. Do what you would do in any another potentially precarious parenting situation- transport precautions. You wouldn't let a toddler move in a car short a seatbelt, so why not indulge your small fry online in a correspondent way?
With the excogitation of collateral software, it is (in idea) thinkable to fixing family out from absolute websites, to arcanum pamper the computing machine and restrict what they can see. This is a solution, and of course provides Internet safekeeping for parents and family alike, but in that is a question. Security software package can be out-maneuvered, avoided and hacked pretty well. Having seen my five-year old step-daughter brainwave belongings on the information processing system quicker than either me or my partner, I'm convinced that it won't be longitudinal past she could brainwave a way spheric any restrictions I set on it (and conversation to another parents backs me up on this one!)Post ads:
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There is, however, a cure. Software has been fancied which doesn't contain right at all, but runs in the surroundings and wood everything, similar an central camera, departing parents to trust their offspring and revision their appointments later. This could be classed as spying, but I for one be aware of Internet condition for parents justifies a minuscule measurement in the shelter of one's quarters.


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This is my 32nd week of Trim Healthy Mama*. I had a good weight (back to my lowest) early in the week but was back up at the end. Holding steady in this same spot and trying to figure out why I am stuck.
Breakfast-(FP) Muffin in a Bowl with Greek 0% Yogurt and mixed Berries
Lunch-(S) Salad with Chicken, almonds, Parmesan croutons, EVOO and balsamic
Snack:(S) Nuts...too many nuts!
Supper-(FP) Vegetable Soup
Snack-(S) Satisfying Sundae
Breakfast- (S) Cereal, almond milk, strawberries (I used a slightly different cereal recipe, but it isn't online)
Lunch-(S) Salad with Chicken, almonds, Parmesan croutons, EVOO and balsamic; jimaca and creamy peanut butter dip
Snack-(S) handful of cashews
Supper-(FP) Joseph's lavash and chicken
Snack-(S) Satisfying Sundae
Sunday- (back to my lowest weight today-I was sick yesterday so that could be why!)
Breakfast- 2 Omega-3 Eggs fried in butter, strawberries
Lunch-(S) Salad, nuts, cheese, tuna, EVOO, balsamic; Lily's dark chocolate dipped in sweet creamy peanut butter dip
Supper-(FP) Joseph's Tortilla, deli meat; Blueberry Cheesecake Protein Shake
Snack-(FP) Cinnamon Strudel; Choco-Pudding
Breakfast-(E) Quick Egg and Toast; 1/2 cup Greek 0% yogurt and berries
Lunch-(S) Summer's Cup Soup with salmon
Snack-(FP) Cake Batter Protein Smoothie
Supper-(S) Roasted Veggies over Dreamfield's penne; (FP)cinnamon strudel
Snack-(S) Reese's Whip with nuts
Breakfast-(E) Apple Pie Smoothie and Cinnamon Strudel
Lunch-(S) Salad with fried Eggs, bacon bits, parmesan croutons, EVOO and balsamic
Supper-(S) Hamburger in Pita, mixed veggies
Snack- (S) Nuts
Breakfast-(S)Trim Healthy Breakfast Sandwich
Lunch-(S) Salad with Parm. croutons, salmon, Skinny chocolate
Supper-(FP) Joseph's Pita with Ham and Cheese
Snack-(FP)Cinnamon Strudel
Breakfast-(FP) Muffin in a Bowl
Snack-(FP) Cake Batter Protein Shake
Lunch-(S) Tuna in Joseph's Pita, Skinny Chocolate
Supper-(Off Plan) Meal out
Snack-(S) Satisfying Sundae
* My weight loss has been a process. I've been on my weight loss journey since October 2010. I have not lost this much weight since starting THM. You can read this post to read more about how I lost the first 100 lbs.


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Smile!! You're in GREAT Hands
Welcome to Ashburn Smile Center. At our office, we are devoted to providing comprehensive and preventative dental care. We take great pride in helping our patients in Northern Virginia successfully maintain optimal oral health. As you browse our services, you will find an abundance of information about our practice and the procedures we offer to our patients. We invite you to explore our site for yourself and learn as much about our office and our dental services. We believe our patients should have as much information as possible in order to make important, informed decisions regarding their oral health and treatment options. Our patients are extremely important to us, and we strive to develop long-lasting, trusting relationships with all of them. Your referrals are welcome and appreciated. If you have any questions about our staff, facility, or services, please give us a call at 703-726-4444. You can also request an appointment online.
I have been using Dr. Nikkhah for my dental work for the last ten years. She is honest, conservative and thorough. I came to her years ago when I was disappointed with an inlay from another dentist. She corrected the other Dentists mistake and since then she taken care of my crown, bridge, and replaced a cavity. Her cleaning is always thorough. I highly recommend Dr. Nikkhah.
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