text:
- Case report
- Open Access
Atypical cerebral and cerebellar language organisation: a case study
© van Dun et al. 2015
- Received: 9 April 2015
- Accepted: 4 December 2015
- Published: 10 December 2015
In the majority of right-handed subjects, language processing is subserved by a close interplay between the left cerebral hemisphere and right cerebellum. Within this network, the dominant fronto-insular region and the contralateral posterior cerebellum are crucially implicated in oral language production.
Case Presentation
We report atypical anatomoclinical findings in a right-handed patient with an extensive right cerebellar infarction and an older left fronto-insular stroke. Standardised neurolinguistic and neurocognitive test batteries were performed. In addition, fMRI, DTI, and SPECT results are reported.
In this patient, disruption of the cerebellocerebral language network due to vascular damage in the left fronto-insular region and right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) territory did not induce any speech or language deficits. By contrast, executive and behavioural disturbances were found after the right cerebellar stroke. Evidence from fMRI and DTI suggests atypical bilateral language representation (Laterality Index = +0,11). At the cerebellar level, fMRI showed more activated voxels in the left than in the right hemisphere (Laterality Index = +0,66).
We hypothesise congenital bilateral language representation in this patient which might be more advantageous than a typically lateralised distribution of linguistic functions to compensate acute damage to critical language regions. The more activated left cerebellum possibly compensated the functional loss in the right cerebellum after acute damage due to bilateral organisation of language function. However, more research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
- Cerebellum
- Anterior insula
- Schmahmann's syndrome
- Bilateral language representation
- Crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis
In a classical language model, expressive and receptive language are primarily subserved by Broca's area in the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44–45) and Wernicke's area in the left superior and middle temporal gyrus (BA 21–22), which are connected by the arcuate fascicle. Classical theories posit that Broca's area is responsible for language production, while Wernicke's area is assumed to subserve speech comprehension [1].
In recent years, however, this traditional topological model of language has been revised and extended. Dronkers [2], for example, identified the left precentral gyrus of the insula as the coordinator of motor speech planning. Using the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method, Oh et al. [3] assessed the activation of the insular region in 42 fMRI studies, which used language and speech tasks. It was shown that both speech and language consistently activated the left insular region, regardless of which task was used. Ardila et al. [4] confirmed involvement of the left insula in multiple language functions and also pointed out its role in Broca's aphasia, apraxia of speech, conduction aphasia, and Wernicke's aphasia.
Recently it has also been shown that the cerebellum plays a crucial role in language processing through a network of cerebello-cerebral pathways [5, 6]. Anatomically, the cerebellum is reciprocally connected to different cerebral association areas via crossed cortico-ponto-cerebellar and cerebello-thalamo-cortical loops. The right cerebellum is linked to the left cerebral hemisphere and the left cerebellum to the right hemisphere [7, 8]. Many studies have found involvement of the cerebellum in a variety of cognitive and affective functions, including language [9–11]. By means of Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), several neuroimaging studies identified crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis as a possible pathophysiological mechanism to explain cerebellar induced cognitive and affective disorders [9, 10, 12–15].
Schmahmann and Sherman [16] introduced the concept "Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome" (CCAS) to describe a complex of cerebellar induced cognitive and affective changes. CCAS or Schmahmann's syndrome [17] comprises a constellation of deficits affecting executive, linguistic, spatial, and affective functions. Since the introduction of Schmahmann's syndrome, crucial involvement of the cerebellum has been identified in several distinct linguistic processes. Language deficits including agrammatism, anomia, apraxia of speech, apraxic agraphia, dyslexia, agraphia, and even aphasia-like phenomena have been observed after acute cerebellar damage [6]. Neuroanatomical studies investigating the connections of the cerebellum with the supratentorial motor, paralimbic, and association cortices, have shown that the human cerebellum is not only somatotopically organised for motor control but also for higher-order cognitive and affective functions [18]. Typically, a lateralised involvement of the right cerebellar hemisphere is observed in non-motor linguistic processes [6], while the left cerebellar hemisphere is involved in the modulation of typical non-dominant hemisphere functions. This observation has led to the hypothesis of a "lateralised linguistic cerebellum", subserved by crossed cerebello-cerebral connections [19].
In the vast majority of right-handers (>97 %), and in most left-handers (>70 %), the left hemisphere and right cerebellum subserve language [20, 21]. Right cerebellar lesions can therefore disrupt language processing through crossed cerebello-cerebral networks. In some cases, however, language dominance is atypically located in the right cerebral hemisphere. Atypical right cerebral dominance for language as a maturational variant is a very rare phenomenon [21]. The non-dominant right hemisphere, however, is often crucially involved in the reorganisation of language functions following extensive damage to the language dominant left hemisphere [22, 23]. Brain plasticity mechanisms allow for reorganisation of cognitive functions after cerebral damage. As such, contralateral right hemisphere regions may (partly) take over language functions of the damaged left hemisphere [22]. Brain plasticity is not only operational in the infant brain [24], it can also compensate functional loss due to tumour growth [25] or after a vascular lesion at an adult age [26, 27].
Jansen et al. [28] showed that the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the language-dominant cerebral hemisphere is concomitantly activated in language tasks. They studied 14 healthy volunteers. Seven of them displayed atypical right-hemisphere language dominance, the other seven displayed typical left-hemisphere language dominance. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was performed during a letter-cued word generation task. The study showed a consistent pattern of crossed cerebello-cerebral activations during the word generation task. In each subject the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the language-dominant cerebral hemisphere was consistently activated [28].
Language is subserved by an extensive network of cerebral and cerebellar areas, connected via subcortical pathways. Typically, left cerebral hemisphere language dominance is observed with right cerebellar involvement through crossed cerebello-cerebral connections. We present the clinical, neurolinguistic and neuroradiological findings of a right-handed patient who did not show any language deficits irrespectively of an old vascular lesion affecting the left anterior insular region and a recent right ischemic stroke affecting the posterior lobe of the cerebellum.
Case presentation
Neuropsychological investigation
In-depth neuropsychological investigations were performed one week after stroke.
Neurocognitive test results
Neurocognitive tests
Subject's (SS/max) RS/max [±SD]
Population Mean / SD
Mini Mental State Examination
28 / 1.8
General cognition
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III
Total IQ (TIQ)
(87) [−0.9]
100 / 15.0
Verbal IQ (VIQ)
(91) [−0.6]
100 / 15.0
- Vocabulary
(9/20) [−0.3]
10 / 3.0
- Similarities
(7/20) [−1.0]
10 / 3.0
- Arithmetic
(7/20) [−1.0]
10 / 3.0
- Digit Span
(7/20) [−1.0]
10 / 3.0
- Information
(12/20) [0.7]
10 / 3.0
- Comprehension
(9/20) [−0.3]
10 / 3.0
Performance IQ (PIQ)
(85) [−1.0]
100 / 15.0
- Digit Symbol Substitution
(6/20) [−1.3]
10 / 3.0
- Picture Completion
(11/20) [0.3]
10 / 3.0
- Block Design
(6/20) [−1.3]
10 / 3.0
- Picture Arrangement
(8/20) [−0.7]
10 / 3.0
- Symbol Search
(6/20) [−1.3]
10 / 3.0
- Matrix Reasoning
(8/20) [−0.7]
10 / 3.0
Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised
Verbal Memory Index
(82) [−1.2]
100 / 15.0
Visual Memory Index
(110) [0.7]
100 / 15.0
General Memory Index
(91) [−0.6]
100 / 15.0
Recent Memory Index
(95) [−0.3]
100 / 15.0
Cognitive domains
Hierarchic Dementia Scale
- Orienting
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Prefrontal
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Ideomotor
10/10 [0.26]
9.94 / 0.23
- Looking
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Ideational
10/10 [0.35]
9.97 / 0.17
- Denomination
10/10 [0.35]
9.97 / 0.17
- Comprehension
10/10 [0.35]
9.97 / 0.17
- Registration
10/10 [0.4]
9.86 / 0.35
- Gnosis
10/10 [0.22]
9.92 / 0.37
- Reading
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Orientation
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Construction
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Concentration
10/10 [0.6]
9.69 / 0.52
- Calculation
10/10 [0.26]
9.94 / 0.23
- Drawing
10/10 [0.37]
9.81 / 0.52
- Motor
10/10 [0.4]
9.58 / 1.05
- Remote memory
10/10 [0]
10 / 0
- Writing
10/10 [0.05]
9.94 / 1.26
- Similarities
10/10 [0.4]
9.72 / 0.7
- Recent memory
10/10 [0.57]
9.5 / 0.88
Boston Naming Testa
49/60 [−1.9]
55.0 / 3.21
Verbal Fluency
Semantic categories: total
63 [0.6]
57.1 / 10.06
- animals (1 min)
- transportation (1 min)
- vegetables (1 min)
- clothing (1 min)
Attention/executive function
WMS-R Attention Indexb
(60) [−2.7]
100 / 15.0
D2-visuo-motor attention
- speedb
213 [−2.7]
- errors
14 [0.4]
- speed/accuracyb
199 [−2.7]
Stroop Colour-Word Test
- Card I
48″ pc 50
- Card IIb
79″ pc 10
- Card IIIb
130″ pc 10
Trail Making Test
- Part A
52″ pc <45
- Part Bb
227″ pc <10
Wisconsin Card Sorting
- Number of categories completed
>4 categories
Raven's Progressive Matrices
125 [1.7]
100 / 15.0
Middelheim Frontality Scaleb
cut-off ≥ 5
AAT test results
AACHEN aphasia test
Subject's results (±SD)
Auditory: words
Auditory: sentences
Written: words
Written: sentences
Token test
0 errors
Spontaneous speech
Communicative behaviour
Articulation and prosody
Semantic structure
Fonematic structure
Syntactic structure
Imposed Speech
Total repetition
Monosyllabic words
Loan- & foreign words
25 (−1.9)
Total naming
Simple nouns
Colour names
Written Language
Reading aloud
Dictational writing
General cognitive screening was normal (MMSE: 28/30; SD: 0,00). The WAIS-III showed a normal total IQ of 87 (SD: −0,87) with a consistent distribution of the verbal (VIQ = 91; SD: −0,60) and performal level (PIQ = 85; SD: −1,00). Table 1 shows a normal distribution of the subtestscores as well. The WMS-R revealed a significant discrepancy of 28 index points between a normal visual (=110; SD: +0,67) and depressed verbal (=82; SD: −1,20) memory index. General memory (=91; SD: −0,60) and recent memory (=95; SD: −0,33) were also within normal range. The HDS yielded normal results. As demonstrated by a pathological WMS-R attention index of 60 (SD: −2,67), general attentional skills were disrupted. The visuomotor d2-test indicated a pathologically slow speed (speed: 213; SD: −2.73). Frontal planning and problem solving were distorted as well. The WCST showed impaired cognitive flexibility and frontal problem solving (2 categories within 128 trials). He performed within the defective range on the TMT part B (pc <10) and the Stroop Colour Word test (pc 10) showed a low average ability to inhibit a competing and more automatic response.
The AAT showed normal spontaneous (maximum score) and imposed speech (repetition: pc 95; naming: pc 100). Oral and written comprehension (pc 100) and reading and writing (pc 100) were also well within the normal range. No clinical evidence was found for dysarthria, apraxia of speech, or aphasia. He obtained a borderline score for visual confrontation naming (BNT: 49/60; SD: −1,87). Semantic verbal fluency, assessed by means of one-minute oral production of words belonging to a specific semantic category, was within the normal range (63 items; SD: +0,59).
At the behavioural level frontal-like behavioural disturbances were noted, as confirmed by a score of 7 on the MFS. The patient behaved in a childish manner and expressed blunt opinions in a theatrical way. Responses to external stimuli were generally characterised by disinhibited behaviour, manifesting as inappropriate behavioural and emotional reactions, overfamiliarity, or flamboyant and impulsive actions. There was a loss of insight and judgment as well as restlessness. Memory and spatial abilities were spared.
Functional Neuroimaging with SPECT, fMRI, and DTI
A quantified Tc-99m-ECD SPECT study was carried out one week poststroke. 740 MBq (20 mCi) Tc-99m-ECD was administered to the patient by means of a previously fixed butterfly needle while he was sitting in a quiet and dimmed room, eyes open and ears unplugged. Acquisition was started 40 min after injection using a three-headed rotating gamma camera system (Triad 88; Trionix Research Laboratory, Twinsburg, Ohio, USA) equipped with lead super-fine fanbeam collimators with a system resolution of 7.3 mm FWHM (rotating radius 13 cm). Projection data were accumulated in a 128 × 64 matrix, pixel size 3.56 mm, 15 s/angle, 120 angles for each detector (3° steps, 360° rotation). Projection images were rebinned to parallel data, smoothed and reconstructed in a 64 × 64 matrix, using a Butterworth filter with a high cut frequency of 0.7 cycles/cm and a roll-off of 5. No attenuation or scatter correction was performed. Trans-axial images with a pixel size of 3.56 mm were anatomically standardised using SPM and compared to a standard normal and SD image obtained from ECD perfusion studies in a group of 15 normally educated healthy adults consisting of eight men and seven women with an age ranging from 45 to 70 years. This normal image was created by co-registration of each normal study to the SPECT template image of SPM using the "normalise" function in SPM. At the same time, the global brain uptake of each study was normalised. On the mean image, 31 ROI's were drawn and a 31 ROI template was created. Using the normalised studies and the 31 ROI template, the mean normal uptake and SD value (=1 Z score) in each ROI was defined. Patient data were normalised using SPM in the same way and the perfusion uptake in each ROI was calculated. From this uptake, the mean uptake and SD value of the normal database, the Z score for each region can be calculated. A regional Z score of >2.0 is considered significant.
To identify language dominance, fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of the brain were conducted six weeks poststroke on a 3 Tesla (T) MRI scanner (Siemens). For the fMRI, a BOLD sensitive T2*- weighted single shot gradient recalled (GR) echo planar imaging (EPI) sequence (TE/TR: 35/3000 ms; field of view (FOV): 224 × 224 mm; matrix size: 64 × 64; flip angle: 80°) was used resulting in voxel dimensions of 3.5 × 3.5 × 3.0 mm (interleaved). Axial DTI was obtained using a single-shot SE-EPI sequence with the following acquisition parameters: TR: 10.4 s; TE: 100 ms; diffusion gradient: 40mT/m; matrix size: 128 × 128; number of slices = 60; voxel size: 2.0 × 2.0 × 2.0 mm3; b = 800 s/mm2. Diffusion measurements were performed along 64 directions for a robust estimation of fractional anisotropy (FA), tensor orientation, and mean diffusivity (MD). Data sets were analysed on a separate workstation using SPM8 software. Motion correction was performed, functional data were co-registered to the anatomical image, and the anatomical image was subsequently normalised to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space using a nonaffine transformation. This transformation was then applied to all registered functional images. After smoothing the functional images with an FWHM of 8 mm, contrasts were calculated. Results were corrected with a familywise error rate (FWE) threshold of 0.05.
A bilateral distribution of activations was found. The lateralisation index (LI) was calculated based on the number of voxels activated in the standard language areas (Broca: inferior frontal gyrus (BA 44–45); Wernicke: superior and middle temporal gyrus (BA 21–22), supramarginal gyrus (BA 40), and angular gyrus (BA 39)) and their homologue counterparts in the right cerebral hemisphere, according to the formula LI = (L-R)/(L + R) [43, 44]. Left-sided laterality is associated with a positive LI, right-sided laterality with a negative LI. Bilateral language representation is reflected by a LI between −0,25 and +0,25 [45, 46]. In this patient the LI indicated a clear bilateral distribution (LI = +0,11).
At the cerebellar level, fMRI revealed a clear left lateralised activation (LI = +0,66) with almost five times as many voxels activated in the left posterior cerebellar hemisphere than in the right posterior hemisphere (L: 1551 voxels; R: 318 voxels). Possibly this left lateralisation might be due to a loss of activation caused by damage to the right cerebellar hemisphere.
Bilateral hemispheric language representation was also suggested by DTI. DTI showed a slightly more pronounced arcuate fascicle on the right (231 tracts) than on the left (160 tracts), no significant difference was found in FA (R 0.4638; L 0.4429) or MD (R 0.000823 mm2/s; L 0.000827 mm2/s). The minimal difference between the number of tracts, the FA, and the MD also suggests a bilateral organisation of language functions at the cerebral level.
A wealth of studies has demonstrated that the cerebellum performs a crucial role in the modulation of a range of cognitive and affective functions via a dense network of crossed cerebello-cerebral connections [6, 9, 14, 15, 47, 48]. An increasing amount of evidence shows that the right cerebellar hemisphere modulates linguistic processes while the left cerebellar hemisphere is involved in typically nondominant hemisphere functions [49]. In this study, an infarction in the right posterior cerebellar hemisphere in a strongly right-handed patient caused a complex of frontal-like executive (impaired frontal problem solving and mental flexibility), behavioural (desinhibition and impulsivity), and attentional deficits (speed) consistent with Schmahmann's syndrome. The remote functional impact of the cerebellar lesion on the prefrontal regions was confirmed by quantified SPECT demonstrating bilateral perfusional deficits in both frontal lobes. This is in accordance with the hypothesis that the cerebellum is involved in executive control via crossed cerebello-cerebral connections with the frontal association areas [11, 50].
It has been shown that the anatomo-functional language network is larger than previously assumed and includes regions at both the cerebellar and cerebral level. First, it is hypothesised that in most right- and left-handed subjects a right cerebellar lesion might induce language deficits following depression of function in the contralateral supratentorial language areas of the language dominant left hemisphere [19]. Mariën et al. (2007) [50] indeed identified linguistic deficits in their patient after a right cerebellar lesion due to decreased perfusion in the left prefrontal language regions. In this patient, however, language deficits were ruled out by a number of formal test batteries. Second, it has been shown that the left insular region is of vital importance for articulated speech [2] and language [3, 4, 51, 52]. However, in this patient an old vascular lesion in the left anterior insular region extending to the prefrontal gyrus was never associated with any motor speech (planning) or language disturbances. Both the right cerebellar hemisphere and the left insular region are critically implicated in language processing and there also seems to exist a close functional interplay between both areas [19]. Mariën et al. (2001) [19] hypothesised that due to the striking semiological similarities between apraxia of speech (caused by lesions in the left anterior insula) and ataxic dysarthria (caused by lesions in the right cerebellum), both areas are anatomically and functionally interconnected to subserve language functions [19]. It is therefore remarkable that this patient never presented with any speech or language problems.
To explore this apparent contradiction, fMRI was performed which showed bilateral cerebral activations during a silent semantic association task. The LI of this patient (= +0,11), based on the activation in the left language areas and their homologue right counterparts, demonstrated a clear bilateral organisation of language in the cerebral hemispheres (−0,25 ≤ LI ≤ 0,25) [45, 46]. In normal healthy adults, this task only activates the frontal opercular cortex, the insular cortex, and a small region in the posterior superior temporal cortex bilaterally [53]. In this patient, the left cluster in the superior temporal cortex was activated to a slightly greater extent in the homologue right region. The frontal opercular cortex on the other hand was only activated on the left side. Surprisingly, no insular activation was found, left nor right. On the left, this is probably due to the old insular infarct. To explain the lack of activation on the right it might be hypothesised that in addition to an atypical distribution of language functions at the interhemispheric level, an atypical intrahemispheric organisation might be expected. An anomalous intrahemispheric organisation of language functions is frequently observed in atypical populations such as aphasia patients with crossed language dominance. In crossed aphasia, anomalous anatomoclinical configurations at the intrahemispheric level are found in 39% of the population [21, 54].
DTI, in addition, showed equal sized arcuate fascicles in the right and the left hemisphere, which might indicate long-standing bilateral language representation. The arcuate fascicle connects Broca's area with Wernicke's area and plays an important role in language [55]. Although a denser (higher fiber density) arcuate fascicle on the left does not always indicate left-sided language dominance, it has been shown that in right-handers the degree of structural asymmetry correlates with the degree of functional lateralisation [56]. An equal sized arcuate fascicle in the right and left hemisphere is therefore a strong indicator of a bilateral language representation.
Since linguistic functions in subjects with atypical bilateral language representation are less dependent on one language dominant hemisphere, it might not be surprising that no language disturbances were detected after left insular and right cerebellar damage. It could be argued that in patients with a bilateral language organisation, the contralateral homologue regions can flawlessly and apparently instantly compensate for possible functional loss due to cerebral or cerebellar damage. In this study, fMRI confirmed a much stronger activation of the left cerebellar hemisphere during the semantic noun-verb association task (LI = +0,66), despite an evenly distributed activation at the cerebral level. Although it could be argued that the asymmetry was caused by the right cerebellar lesion, this would imply a loss of linguistic function due to loss of activation. Since no linguistic deficits were observed, it is reasonable to assume that either (1) there was no loss of activation and the language functions were always strongly left lateralised in the cerebellum, or (2) the loss of function due to cerebellar damage is compensated by a stronger activation of the left cerebellum. A recent study by Mendez Orellana et al. (2015) [57] showed a significant dependency between cerebral and cerebellar language lateralisation both in tumour patients and in healthy subjects, which was almost always crossed. This study indicated that a left cerebellar language dominance is strongly associated with a right hemisphere language dominance at the supratentorial level. Thus, if left language lateralisation was present before the patient sustained acute right cerebellar damage, this would suggest a right lateralisation at the cerebral level. However, fMRI results contradict a right hemisphere language dominance, and together with DTI a congenital bilateral language distribution is far more likely, which, according to the study of Mendez Orellana et al. (2015) [57] is associated with either a symmetrical (bilateral) activation at the cerebellar level or with a right cerebellar lateralisation, excluding the first hypothesis. The unusual lateralisation of language function in the left cerebellar hemisphere might indicate that the left cerebellum compensated the functional loss in the right cerebellum after acute damage in a context of a bilateral organisation of language function, as was put forward in the second hypothesis. However, to confirm this hypothesis a more systematical analysis of subjects with congenital bilateral organisation of language functions should be performed.
This exceptional patient developed no language deficits after a left insular and a right cerebellar stroke. By contrast, Schmahmann's syndrome was identified after the cerebellar infarct and reflected on SPECT by crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis in the anatomoclinically suspected frontal regions. Evidence from fMRI and DTI in this patient suggests atypical bilateral language organisation as a maturational variant of cerebral language representation. Possibly, a bilateral distribution of language allows for a better and faster compensation of functional loss due to acute cerebral or cerebellar damage.
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.
KvD is a Ph.D fellow and EDW a post-doc research fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO).
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subset: commoncrawl


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One of the big changes with Lync has been Microsoft's approach of investing in a particular product for a particular function/feature and then have other products leverage that investment. This really makes sense on two levels. First, product groups are not each re-inventing the same wheel. Second, it really makes the 'better together' argument more real and less hype.
For example, with Lync 2013, all contact information is in a single Unified Contact Store which is maintained by Exchange 2013. The architecture for that looks like this:
Microsoft has just published an awesome set of posters that illustrate all the current sets of feature integration along with loads of links and more information. I find this a fantastic Lync resource (if only the Microsoft Learning courses were as well described!
You can download these posters (it's a 9 page PDF) from http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkId=311975


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The Mighty Q was a rock star for his first dentist appointment. I knew he was seeing the dentist so I told him how great the drugs were. The only down side was you don't get a lollipop after he is done. He finally relaxed after two shots of sedation. Once he realized that not being on high alert was okay and that he would still be safe he seemed to enjoy things. The dentist took extra time to make sure that Q was never worried or upset. He wanted to make sure that he did not violate the trust that Q placed in the DOR by making this a positive experience for him. Our dentist rocks!!!
The dentist tried to do Q's teeth last summer. At that time Q was a bit difficult to lead outside of his pasture, okay he was nearly impossible to lead. The dentist sedated him in the pasture to make leading him to the barn easier. The sedation set him off, Q ran like a wild man and was having nothing to do with going to the barn. Today he led to the barn like a champ without being sedated in the pasture. He sedated nicely, and walked into the stall like it was old home week.
He wanted the DOR to hug him the entire time. If she stopped he would nicker for her to get back to her hugging. I am going to have to try that at my next dental appointment. I had a hard time keeping my spotted rear off the ground, maybe her hugging me will help me stand better.The dentist was so complimentary on how far Q has come. He noticed he is at a nice weight, has a softer eye, and is so much calmer. The herd is darn proud of Q, he has worked hard to be the horse he is today. Of course he has been taking lessons on behavior at 'He Man Gelding Club University'. The instructors are tough there, any missteps and it is a big ol' appy hoof upside your rear from the Headmaster-that would be me.
Two hours after the sedation wore of he was still mellow and giving off big sighs. It is the first time in his whole life he has been not been hyper alert and totally relaxed. I told him the drugs were good. I hope he finds that it is a nice way to be and will keep on with his deep breathing.
Then to top things off the DOR gave him a lollipop! That is it, I better get one my next dentist visit or she is going to get a big ol' appy hoof someplace she doesn't want it.
Enjoy your day and don't forget to hug your DOR!


text: Angelz Funtime is an educational establishment offering preschool, drop- in and afternoon programs. Our educational programs have great success in preparing our children for public and private elementary schools when they enter kindergarten. Our curriculum places emphasis on phonics, math, arts and learning to read. Our preschool […]Read more →


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Due to the forecast of high winds the Christmas market at Chatsworth will be closed on Sunday.
The house, garden and farmyard will be open as usual, and the car parking charge will be £3.
The safety of visitors, traders and staff is Chatsworth's primary concern. It has been decided to close the market due to forecast adverse weather and the potential effect on the market's temporary structures.
The market will be open as usual on Saturday and is expected to reopen on Monday.
Chatsworth Christmas Market is a free event and runs from November 12-29, weekdays 10am-5.30pm and weekends 10am-6pm.


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t(walk to metro) = t(wait for bus) = t(shovel car + get towed out of snowbank)
Put on your snowsuits…
More posts by Alanah Heffez
some are more equal than others. probably you've seen them pass: winter cyclists :-)
if not, look at what this guy filmed: http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=10150092295175633&oid=8775232567&comments
I am so happy not to be 'car-dependent' in the Winter. And walking usually is the most fun way of getting around – until the slush hits! I am reluctant to use my own bikes in the winter, but if there were Bixis available I would for sure use them.
@@STF: thanks for sharing the video. I really like his 'un cyclist' one.


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"This is Capone! He is about 10 years old and has been my dads dog since he was a pup. I have now had him under my care for about 1 year. He was fed anything and everything pizza, ribs, people scraps and that horrible canned dog food, he suffered from hot spots all over his body where he would rub on anything until he was raw and bleeding, severe arthritis and lack of energy.
I switched him to a veg dog food and saw little improvement as it had soy, wheat and corn so it upset his stomach. I then decided to try out v-dog and it's only been less then 6 months and he is a younger happier more energetic dog then I ever remember. Thank you v-dog!"
Emily Windschitl


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The Washington Post published a series of articles on the–seemingly out of control–growth of Leviathan.
While the growth began at the beginning of the previous century with the presidency of TR, it skyrocketed at the beginning of this century under Bush II and continues under King B. Hussein Obama. All of this is being done by Republicans and Democrats under the auspices of "national security". . . of course.
Every patriotic American should read these articles and be very, very afraid.
Thanks to Walter Grinder for sending me the link.
Books mentioned in this essay, including Hobbes' Leviathan, may be found in The Imaginative Conservative Bookstore. The Imaginative Conservative applies the principle of appreciation to the discussion of culture and politics—we approach dialogue with magnanimity rather than with mere civility. Will you help us remain a refreshing oasis in the increasingly contentious arena of modern discourse? Please consider donating now.
We hope you will join us in The Imaginative Conservative community. The Imaginative Conservative is an online journal for those who seek the True, the Good, and the Beautiful. We address culture, liberal learning, politics, political economy, literature, the arts and the American Republic in the tradition of Russell Kirk, T.S. Eliot, Edmund Burke, Irving Babbitt, Wilhelm Roepke, Robert Nisbet, Richard Weaver, M.E. Bradford, Eric Voegelin, Christopher Dawson, Paul Elmer More, and other leaders of Imaginative Conservatism (Visit our Bookstore to find books by/about these men).
We address a wide variety of major issues including: What is the essence of conservatism? What was the role of faith in the American Founding? Is liberal learning still possible in the modern academy? Should conservatives and libertarians be allies? What is the proper role for the American Republic in spreading ordered liberty to other cultures/nations?
The Imaginative Conservative applies the principle of appreciation to the discussion of culture and politics—we approach dialogue with magnanimity rather than with mere civility.


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Spring Break has come and gone from the Island where Trixie and I have spent the past three months. For most of our stay here, our little beach is quiet with a few wayward souls walking the surf, picking up shells and occasionally fishing. Not for the past two weeks, though. We have had a constant influx of young, barely clad college coed on sunscreen – and other substance -- overload.
Spring Break is over now and I was looking forward to getting back to my own little private retreat. Not so fast, apparently. Now there is an endless stream of families in overflowing station wagons, SUVs and mini-vans tromping through my tranquil front yard.
Since I retired I really have a hard time keeping track of the days of the week and I guess I forgot it was Saturday which meant the entire population of families from the mainland came to the beach.
It first started with a seemingly innocuous trip to the grocery store. Coming back home, though, there was a line to get back into our park that was longer than a rattlesnake's tail in West Texas. Once inside, Ol' Dutch likes to take a look-see at the beach when he comes home from an adventure and that day was no different so we swung down along the beach side road to see what all the fuss was about.
And what to my wandering eyes did appear but thousands of people all packed onto my tiny stretch of sand. There were umbrellas, tents, pop-up canopies and cabanas five deep, from road to water.
Never in my life have I seen so many brown, white and burned red bodies all jammed into a baking hot sandy piece of real estate trying to "have fun."
We hurriedly came home and for the most part avoided that mess until Sunday when I decided to take a walk down the beach and back.
I soon found that another countless hundreds of tents had been set up along the water's edge and a crowd only second to the one that Moses led out of the Wilderness had gathered to worship the sun gods.
Food flowed like manna from heaven, drinks sprang forth from the rock that was split and kids of every shape and size ran in crazy speeds to the waiting waves and rip currents, death surely at hand.
Every kind of plastic inflatable toy you can imagine -- and some you best not -- blew down the beach. Plastic swimming pools had been erected within 20 feet of the vast Gulf of Mexico because that was "just not enough water" I guess. Umbrellas flapped noisily in the winds, babies cried, mothers yelled, fathers drank and everywhere you turned there was lively music blasting forth from some magical box brought for the occasion.
Even pregnant women who used to have the decency to cover up their love bump, displayed bulging midriffs and sat like the Queen of Sheba on their lawn chair thrones while friends and family attended to their every whim.
And, speaking of attire, it was plain to see that the women pretty much made a point to look nice at least at their arrival on the beach. They had new swimsuits with pretty cover-ups, nice towels and hats; some even wore make up.
The men on the other hand wore what is called "what they had on." Old faded shorts and suits and paint stained shirts and hats were the standard fare and they pulled off the "I don't care" with great success making even Ol' Dutch proud.
Cooper wanted to go back to the beach about supper time and take a swim so away we went again. A reverse flow of people was taking place now with everyone heading to their cars for the trip home.
Watching them all walk along I suddenly realized why the beaches are all eroding in the USA at a record pace. Each and every child was covered with sand from head to toe and they were taking the beach sand home with them. This sand in turn gets vacuumed out of the cars and trucks ending up in the landfills thereby transferring the beach inland 50 miles.
There is one good thing about that, however. If we wait long enough they will effectively move the entire beach inland and it will be much easier to access it on the weekends.
Kevin Kirkpatrick and his Yorkie, Cooper, fish, hunt, ATV or hike daily. His email is [email protected] Additional news can be found at www.troutrepublic.com or on Twitter at TroutRepublic.


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I Have A Great Business Idea, But Not Sure What To Do Next
Many people write to me and tell me that they have a great business idea, but they are not sure what to do next. Then they ask me how I can help. I often do help, but because this is such a common question (I get per week at least) I will try to write an article about it to help many people at once. So in this article I will explain what I typically advise people to do after they get a business idea.
Are You The Right Founder For This Business Idea?
Very often, when people get business ideas, those ideas may seem original and unique, but they may be in a business area where the person who came up with this idea has little or no experience. That not only makes it difficult for that person to determine whether this business idea is a good one, but it also makes that person not quite the right person to see this business idea through. After all, beyond actually having this idea, what can this individual contribute to the business? For more on this issue, here is an article of whether it is a good idea to get into a business without having any experience. And here is a video tutorial on the same topic.
If you do not have any experience in the business area of the business idea, try to surround yourself with people who do. Those people can be either business partners, mentors or advisors.
Create A Business Pitch
Normally, I would suggest that you go and get feedback from different people about your business idea. But I'd like to insert one step in the process. And that step is to come up with a business pitch so that when you do go out to get feedback, you can explain your business idea very clearly. Keep in mind, if you just had this idea, it is probably very fresh in your mind. And that might cause you to jumble up how you explain it to people. But confusing people will do you no good. Here is a video tutorial for how to come up with a basic business pitch.
And if you are wondering whether it is safe to tell your business idea to other people, and are concerned that they may steal the business ideas, here is a tutorial on protecting business ideas.
Get Feedback From Different People
Now that you have a great business pitch, and can explain your business idea clearly, without worrying that other people may steal it, get feedback. Certainly ask people whom you are close with like your friends and family. In fact, it is important to get the support of your family when you start a business. Here is a full article on the importance of getting support from friends and family when starting a business.
But don't just ask friends and family. Because they want the best for you, they will likely give you positive, subjective feedback. So try to get feedback from industry experts and people who can give you objective feedback. Here is a tutorial on how to get feedback about your business ideas.
Can You Create A Prototype?
If you still feel good about your business idea after discussing it with many different people, one of the next crucial steps will be to begin working on this business idea and create a prototype or an early version of the product you envision.
How difficult will it be to create the prototype for this business idea? Is it going to require a substantial amount of capital? Or can you do it quickly and cheaply to test this idea in the market with real customers. Your job will inevitably be to create the initial version of the product or service, and get people to use it. If you can do it relatively quickly and cheaply, that gives you a great advantage, and is a factor in determining if this particular business idea is the right one for you.
Further Business Resources
For more business-starting resources, please take a look at our business planning mobile apps. Here is the iOS business plan app and here is the Android business plan app. Additionally, here is the iOS fundraising app. And here is the Android fundraising app. And here are our business apps on the Kindle. And here is an article where I give the argument that our Android apps are the best business apps on Android.
And please check out and subscribe to my YouTube channel where we cover many marketing topics.
Author: Alex Genadinik
Podcast: Play in new window | Downloadby


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|College/University Students
|Other Participants
The Master Wellness Volunteer program is designed to train people who are passionate about health and wellness to become effective community educators. These volunteers can have a direct impact on others; they have the ability to encourage lifestyle changes. These changes can impact a person's health and well-being so as to create an improved quality of life for the individual, their family, and the community in which they live.
Master Wellness Volunteer participants are required to:
If a cancellation becomes necessary, please send notification to firstname.lastname@example.com. Cancellations received no later than September 28, 2017 will receive a refund minus a $5 administrative fee.


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I'm not sure if anyone remembers me, but I used to play Fale Tarrian over here WAAAY back when and was thinking of coming back. Just curious what all has changed in the past couple few years.
Combat rewrite ever come out? From the couple threads i've read here it doesn't seem like it. Is anyone still playing? I remember logging on a year or so ago and no one at all was on.


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Here we are again. It's time for this season's Apple Keynote live from the Steve Jobs Theater, and we're pretty excited to see what Apple's got in store for us.
We're looking out for the iPhone 8/8 Plus, the iPhone X, the Apple TV 4K, and the new Apple Watch - but what else will we see?
This live blog will be updated regularly over the next hour or so.
*Thanks very much for joining us this evening (or morning), there was a lot of information to take in so keep an eye out over the day couple of days. We'll be sure to convert this blog into something more organised for your reading pleasure.*
7:55 PM - "We work really hard at Apple to create wonderful things, and we hope you love what we've introduced today. I think Steve would be really proud of them."
Tim Cook winds down the presentation by inviting the Apple folks to stand up and get a well-deserved clap, and by thanking those who worked hard on the theatre and Apple Park.
Those present at the conference are then invited to try out the new devices at the new hands-on area and the event comes to a close.
7:49 PM - The iPhone X can be ordered on October 27th and starts shipping on November 3rd and will be available in 64 GB and 256 GB starting at $999.
7:39 PM - Onto the camera, like the iPhone 8 it's got 12 MP dual cameras, larger/faster sensors, new colour filter, deeper pixels, and f1.8 and f2.4 apertures. Dual OIS, better low-light zoom, and improved video stabilisation.
Again, same as the iPhone 8 it's got an A11 Bionic chip.
The battery apparently lasts 2 hours longer than the iPhone 7. It's also wireless charging, but a sneak peek shows off the upcoming AirPower - a mat which you can place all of your devices on to charge them simultaneously - coming in 2018.
7:29 PM - The iPhone X makes moving between apps super easy. You can simply drag up and move through different tabs to pick the one you need.
After working with Snapchat the filters and masks have better tracking on this iPhone, perfect for haunting your friends or children forever.
Animojis can be used to make your messages more personal and fun, and the tracking really is very good. I mean, it's terrifying, but endearing in a way. You can also record messages as well as saving them for stickers.
7:17 PM - One more thing...
Presenting the iPhone X, the future of the smartphone. (That's pronounced the iPhone TEN).
Edge-to-edge and top-to-bottom display. There's glass on the front and back. The beam is made from surgical-grade stainless steel. It's water and dust resistant. Space grey and silver colours available.
Super retina display in this phone, giving it a break-through level of quality. 5.8 inches on the diagonal.
Supports HDR display in Dolby Vision and HDR10 formats. True-tone display and 3D touch.
iPhone X wakes by tapping the screen. There's no home button, just swipe up from the bottom of the screen to go back to the home page.
Unlock the iPhone with 'Face ID' - just look at it and it opens.
A11 Bionic neural engine processes facial recognition. Whether you change your hairstyle, wear a hat, glasses, or whatever - Face ID learns your face and adapts as you develop/change.
Extreme lengths have been reached to make sure Face ID can't be fooled by masks or photographs.
Face ID also works with Apple Pay and third-party apps. Just watch out if you've got a twin, evil or not.
7:15 PM - iPhone 8/8 Plus will support wireless charging.
The phones will start at 64 GB and 256 GB.
iPhone 8 will start at $699, whilst 8 Plus stars from $799. Pre-orders start September 15th.
7:09 PM - Atli Mar CEO/co-founder of Directive Games shows off The Machines, a real-time battler played entirely in AR.
The Machines will be coming exclusively to iOS later this month.
6:57 PM - The iPhone 8/8 Plus is the first revealed. Tim Cook invited Phil up to talk us through it.
There's a new design. Comes in silver, space grey, and a new gold finish. Made from an aerospace-grade aluminium, 7-layer colour process, reinforced with steel, and microscopically sealed from water and dust.
A11 Bionic is the new chip. Six core processor, 64-bit design, 4.3 billion transistors.
Two performance cores are 25% faster than A10, four high-efficiency cores are 75% faster than A10, and 2nd gen Apple designed performance controller 70% faster multihead workloads.
TL;DR - everything's faster than before.
Camera-wise, in the iPhone 8 there's a 12 MP camera, new sensor, deeper pixels, new colour filter, and optical image stabilisation. The iPhone 8 Plus has 12 MB dual cameras, new sensors, f1.8 and f2.8 apertures, and optical image stabilisation.
TL;DR - cameras are better than before, and there's a new 'portrait lighting' feature for dual camera.
iPhone 8 apparently has the highest quality video in any smartphone. 4K 1080p 60fps video for normal shooting, and 1080p/240fps for slow-mo.
Cameras have been calibrated for Augmented Reality. Again, it's supported by the new A11 Bionic chip.
6:55 PM - Onto the main event: the iPhone.
After a flowery speech on how important the iPhone is to the world, and after running through a brief history of how the devices have evolved over time, it's time to watch a video reveal.
"Over the past decade, we've pushed forward with innovation after innovation after innovation, bringing us to this moment. When now we can create devices that are far more intelligent, far more capable, and far more personal than ever before"
6:53 PM - Apple TV 4K is available for order on September 15th and will start shipping on September 22nd.
6:51 PM - Jenova Chen, CEO of thatgamecompany, talks us through Apple TV games. Sky is a 'romantic adventure game' which uses the Siri remote.
6: 47 PM - The Apple TV App will launch in several more countries by the end of the year. This version of tvOS will have an A10X processor.
6:43 PM - Eddy takes over from Cook to talk us through the 4K capabilities.
High Dynamic Range (HDR) is about better pixels, not the number of pixels.
6:41 PM - Apple TV is next up.
"We're at the next major inflection point."
Apple TV 4K as previously rumoured is confirmed.
6:36 PM - Series 3 has gold, silver, and grey finishes and a bunch of different watch bands, including the sports straps. The ceramic watch will also be available with a grey finish this time around.
Even with all of the extra bits thrown in, the Apple Watch apparently still has all-day battery life (18 hours) though no specific mentions on what the music/cellular usage might cost it.
Orders will begin on September 15th and will launch September 22nd.
6:34 PM - Good ol' Diedra's having a chat via the Apple Watch Series 3 whilst paddle boarding. That's pretty impressive.
6:30 PM - The next Apple Watch Series 3 has cellular built in, meaning you don't always have to have your phone on you while being active - whether you're out running, at the beach, or just out and about.
Alongside Apple Music, starting next month you'll be able to stream 40 million songs from your wrist.
Inside is a new dual-core processor making Siri faster and it'll soon be able to talk on the Watch. There's also a new W2 wireless chip and an altimeter.
The new watch will have an integrated electronic sim, and even with all of this extra stuff the case is the same size as Series 2.
6:24 PM - The Apple Watch's heart rate app is getting a bit of a tweak in OS4, letting you keep a closer eye on your heart rate with ease. It'll also notify you if your heart rate increases but you're not active.
The final element is 'heart rhythm' and will help the Apple Heart Study to keep track on users and help people identify if they have arrhythmia.


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The effects of human made noise on wildlife is nigh on impossible to accurately gauge. The range and intensity of responses exhibited by animals to our many cacophonous engagements is too varied to draw any concrete conclusions. Policy makers are paralysed to do anything, the public is unconvinced that its noisy activities can seriously affect wildlife and scientists lose faith in their ability to prove what some already know through intuition.
These are the principle conclusions from Autumn Lyn Radle's 2007 article, "The Effect of Noise on Wildlife: A Literature Review. And what frustrating conclusions they are, the kind that compel this blogger to consider making this academic article the last he ever reads. But then, it's not Radle's fault. Nor is it the fault of the scientists whose largely inconclusive studies constitute the subject matter of Radle's aggregation of largely inconclusive studies. Least of is it the animals' fault. They can't help inhabiting environments where countless factors dictate towards behavioural and physiological traits, making it difficult to ascertain which factor contribute towards which traits, and whether human noise is a significant one.
So we know very little about how man-made sound affects wildlife. But we do know some things. We know that man-made sound has more sources than we might initially think. As well as the obvious – recreational noise from motorboatsor holidaymakers; military noise; and commercial noise from airplane flyovers, mining operations and logging – there is also evidence that scientific research (usually with the intention of assisting wildlife) is in some cases noisy enough to pose a possible threat to some species.
We also know that noise can be hugely detrimental to humans. Look at the case of Cairo, a city where the average noise level between the hours of 7am and 9pm is 85 decibels – just louder than a freight train passing by 5 metres away. Of the city's 7 million inhabitants, two-thrids are estimated to suffer from some sort of sleeping disorder. Indeed, the city has just opened its first sleep clinic, the first state-sanctioned one in the world.
But regardless of the current state of knowledge, knowledge isn't necessary for action. Our reluctance to act on this issue due to a lack of concrete evidence is proof in itself of our anthropocentric worldview. If we took a view more sympathetic to the rest of the living biosphere we would, in Radle's words, "intuitively understand that a cacophony of noise, even if not life threatening, cannot provide for a decent quality of life for any organism". These words have a certain resonance to them. Since the advent of the Industrial Age our actions have caused sometimes irreversible damage – to our landscapes, waterways and atmosphere. In those cases, much of the damage was done before we had proof that any damage was being done. While the evidence is not concrete, intuition provides a valuable clue here. If we pay heed to it, we may be able to stop the relentless advance of man-made noise before its effects on the biosphere begin to resemble those other horrors.


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We need breakthrough innovation in the core design of "school"
We need breakthrough innovation in the core design of "school"
We work together deeply, often over multiple years, to imagine, design, build, study, codify, and/or spread breakthrough school models. With a deep partnership orientation and a passion for rigor, Transcend contributes cutting-edge knowledge on key innovation questions and world class talent to complement leaders from within a school community, and expertise on innovation.
We also partner with cohorts of forward-thinking school operators to rethink "school" design and to begin to design breakthrough models. Often over the span of nine months, we use research and practice studies, cross-cohort collaboration, coaching sessions, and convenings to explore the future of learning, to develop a richer understanding of the dreams of students and parents from respective communities, and to build and/or refine plans for bold new school models that foster community enthusiasm.
In limited cases, we consider lighter-touch engagements to provide customized supports to school operators at a particular stage of the innovation process. We use a variety of collaborative methods including discussions, half- or full-day sessions, strategic planning seminars, school site visits, and more. We also connect school operators with world-class assets, R&D talent, and exemplar schools to inform the design process and broaden their support network.
Contact us to explore a partnership by emailing us at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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The Way out of No Way- Sunday, January 15, 2017
Every society is only as good as its people. It follows, then, that to build a better society we need a foundation of brave men and women who do the right thing. Often, that foundation is tested by struggle and conflict, but it may be that those very challenges are what bring out the greatness within people and nations.For example, the perilous founding of this nation gave birth to such heroes as Washington, Adams, and Jefferson. Almost a hundred years later, a contentious division among states called Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass into service. And several decades after that, a bitter world war shaped the dynamic leadership of Roosevelt and Churchill. Then the right time met the right people once again when Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and others stood up for civil rights.In each case, and in countless other stories that could be told, challenges and trials gave rise to greatness, and darkness and despair gave way to light and hope. As Martin Luther King reminded us, ōWhen our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair, and when our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us remember that .Ā.Ā. [God] is able to make a way out of no way, and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.ö1We may never make headlines or change world history, but in our individual and quiet ways, we too can make a difference. One woman did this by determining not to pass unhealthy family patterns to the next generation. She made conscious choices to give her children the stability she did not have as a child. She resolved to love and support her family unselfishly, and in just one generation, she gave them a new start. The odds may have not been in her favor, but she cared enough to make a lasting change and by so doing blessed generations.ōWhen our days become dreary,ö we can remember that the ōway out of no wayö is to hold on to hope, trust the Power higher than our own, and do our part to make the world a better place. -Lloyd D. Newell1. ōWhere Do We Go from Here?ö in A Call to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. Clayborne Carson and Kris Shepard (2001), np.January 15, 2017Broadcast Number 4,557Mormon Tabernacle ChoirOrchestra at Temple SquareConductorMack WilbergOrganistClay ChristiansenHostLloyd NewellLet There Be Light!Gilbert M. MartinHow Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place, from A German RequiemJohannes BrahmsFestival Toccata on ōSt. AnneöWilliam Croft; arr. Frederick SwannPeace like a RiverSpiritual; arr. Mack WilbergFill the World with Love, from Goodbye, Mr. ChipsLeslie Bricusse; arr. Mack WilbergBenedictionMack Wilberg


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Restaurant News & Reviews
Elsa's Ethiopian Restaurant offers exotic fare at fair prices
Fingernails lacquered in a shade of bright coral flash in my peripheral vision. Across the room, a female diner tears off a swath of injera and uses it to scoop up a mouthful of beef tibs and spicy stewed lentils.
Injera is the base of Ethiopian cuisine and serves not only as sustenance but also as plate and utensil. The pancakelike bread is made from teff, a cereal grain that grows best at high altitude. It is cooked in a hot pan that causes the side in contact with heat to form spongy dimples. Those dimples help soak up savory sauces.
When you get right down to it, there would be no Ethiopian cuisine without the slightly tangy injera. I've eaten in restaurants where the injera is so big it drapes like an edible tablecloth. At Elsa's Ethiopian in downtown Overland Park, more modest silver platters are covered with injera, and additional bread is served on the side.
Or course, you always can ask for more.
The high-protein, high-fiber bread is customarily eaten with the right hand only, and if an Ethiopian host wishes to express gratitude or affection, he or she may decide to feed the first morsels of a meal to you, a practice known as gursha.
The first time I ate at an Ethiopian restaurant, in Boulder, Colo., I was the chosen one at our table. The cook scooped up a larger than normal portion of the food and waited for me to open my mouth like a hungry baby bird. When we made contact, the surrounding patrons broke out in applause.
Dramatic, yes. But talk about performance anxiety.
I have since had the opportunity to better understand Ethiopian traditions by attending an Ethiopian wedding and watching an Ethiopian cook prepare a typical feast for James Beard Award-winning chefs, and I have learned it's not rude to refuse such gestures.
So what are the hallmarks of a well-prepared Ethiopian meal?
For starters, Ethiopian is largely devoted to rich, home-style stews. Onions, which flavor but disappear from sight, are an important base to nearly every sauce. Many people assume Ethiopian food is hot, confusing heat with a rich, earthy blend of spices. As with Indian cuisine, spice mixtures are common. The most common here is berbere, a spice blend of garlic, red pepper, cardamom, coriander, fenugreek and more that varies from cook to cook.
The best way for a first-time diner to explore a variety of tastes and textures typical of the cuisine is to order a sampler platter, available with meat or vegetables. On my first night, I tried the meat version ($13.49) — a base of injera with daubs of alicha wat (mild beef stew), kitfo (ground prime beef in spicy butter with a mild sauce of "mitmita" or powdered chili pepper and red pepper), doro wat (chicken leg stewed in berbere with a hard-cooked egg) with a choice of two vegetable sides and ayb, a dish our server referred to as Ethiopian cottage cheese.
The vegetarian combo platter ($12.99) includes kik alicha (yellow split peas), miser wat (red lentils), shiro wat (highly seasoned chickpeas), dinich wat (red potatoes simmered in berbere sauce), gomen (stewed collard greens), tikil gomen (cabbage, carrots, ginger, garlic and a light dressing, similar to a coleslaw) and salad. Gomen, tikil gomen, shiro wat, dinich wat and kik alicha are repeated in smaller portions as sides to mix and match with other entrees. My favorites: miser wat, shiro wat and tikil gomen.
One dish of note that does not appear on the platters worth trying is the tilapia tibs, pieces of tilapia marinated in rosemary and awaze, a spicy sauce containing berbere. The fish is pan-fried with hot pepper, tomato, onion and greens. All entrees come with injera and two sides.
The menu is shy on appetizers. For starters, try the vegetarian sambosa, layers of flaky dough enveloping a filling of tiny green lentils, onion, garlic and a bit of hot pepper. The only other offerings: the melodic sounding timatim fitfit, a tomato, onion and green pepper salad served with injera or the same salad served with dressing. And there is only one dessert: baklava.
I'm rooting for the tiny, family-owned restaurant. If you're willing to step out of your comfort zone, Elsa's offers fresh, exotic fare at fair prices, and depending on your appetite, you might even find the portions are large enough for leftovers.


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Position Description
Spokane, Washington - Seeking a BC/BE Hepatology physician. Full-time position. Competitive compensation; comprehensive benefits. Any experience level welcome, including new graduates. Liver experience preferred. Join a collegial team of providers at Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center's busy Liver and Pancreas Clinic, where you will have a large multidisciplinary support system with very little turnover. Enjoy a healthy work / life balance in Washington's second largest city, Spokane.
Facility Description
Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital has 644 beds, a medical staff of more than 900 and a service area population of about 1.5 million. The children's hospital alone includes more than 90 pediatric sub-specialists. Sacred Heart offers some of the Northwest's most advanced services, including minimally invasive cardiac surgery procedures, robotic surgery and sophisticated diagnostic technologies. With a world-class research department, excellent residency programs, and specialized centers for orthopedics, women's health, neuroscience and more, it is a medical leader on many fronts.
Location Description
Spokane, located about halfway between the Rocky and Cascade Mountain Ranges, is a regional medical hub, drawing patients from four states. Spokane and eastern Washington offer high quality of life features as well, including some of the nation's cleanest air and water, responsible development in harmony with nature, and a mild four-season climate. Spokane's affordable housing, growing arts and theater community and excellent higher education choices make it a prime destination for families and working professionals alike. Outdoor enthusiasts relish Spokane's prime location with over 60 miles of biking and hiking trails and close to exceptional skiing, whitewater rafting and other recreation.
Brand Description
Providence Health & Services (PH&S) is a not-for-profit system of 34 hospitals, more than 600 clinics and hundreds of locally driven programs across five western states: Alaska, California, Montana, Oregon and Washington. Providence is committed to improving the health of the communities it serves, with a special emphasis on its mission to serve the poor and vulnerable. PH&S is a partner organization of the Providence St. Joseph Health family and is proud to be an Equal Employment Opportunity organization.
Job ID Number: 9190
Facility Name: Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center and Children's Hospital
Location Name: Spokane, WA
Brand Name: Providence Health & Services
Provider Profession: Physician/Surgeon
Medical Specialty: Hepatology
Job Setting: Hospital, Medical Clinic
Type of Role: Clinical
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone Number: 509.474.6605
Schedule: Full Time
CP: Yes
CB: Yes
NP: No
PA: No
HC: Yes
IS: No
YM: No
Let's Talk!
I'll answer all your questions so you can decide if this job is right for you. Even if it isn't, you'll be ready when the perfect opportunity comes along.
Express Interest
Mark Rearrick
Provider Recruiter


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Status: Opens in 21 minutes
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Be the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Cd World Inc
Going to a store to buy music seems to be a dying thing, but CD World does have a wide selection of different music to choose from and the folks there are very helpful at finding the right music for you.
CD World has recently started selling vinyl, which is an obsession of mine. They have a good selection and I have found rare records for very reasonable prices (though, sadly, there are no 7" records there). You can visit the store online…


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Cherry Creek Dental Group is comprised of two dentist, Dr. Natalie A. Lesinski and Dr. Bradley L. Nassimbene, and was founded in the 1970s.
It's our goal to provide a first-rate service to meet all of your dental needs in a friendly and relaxed environment with state of the art dentistry equipment. Cherry Creek Dental Group has a highly experienced and certified staff of three hygienists in the practice and our front desk help is very well versed in all matters of dental insurance questions and concerns. We want you to know that we will handle your financial questions quickly, efficiently and confidentially. All emergency services are usually handled the same day or within 24 hours of the time we are contacted. We strive to serve our patients needs in a timely and professional manner.
If you are looking for a new dentist or have just moved into the Denver area, please give us the opportunity to serve you. We can assure you that your dental experience will be informative, comfortable and pleasant.


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Weather or Not
by Donald Hutera
September, 2003
DR: It can be an occupation
of task or a platform for self-indulgence. Sometimes the phrases are so
complicated and so detailed to remember, especially when they're new,
that I can only focus on doing what I'm doing at that moment – counts,
tempo, space. At other times, when I'm feeling more familiar with the
material, I can really enjoy what I'm doing, feeling confident that my
body has the physical motor memory of movement that will allow more of
myself to come through.
DR: I have so much respect for the way Merce passes on his movement to his dancers. Not necessarily how we learn the movement, but that we're given the freedom to make our own personal investigation into what we're given. The philosophy that it is acceptable for several people to do the same movements, but with very different approaches, is really a gift.We're not a corps de ballet trying to obtain the perfection of absolute unison. I think he enjoys our individuality. I still enjoy watching the different nuances of each dancer within the work. It inspires me to think about something I'm feeling or doing in a different light.
This article first appeared in the Spring 2003 edition of Dance Umbrella News
Donald Hutera
writes regularly on dance, theatre and the arts for
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are on Dance Umbrella's FREE mailing list to receive
Please join the discussion in our forum.
Submit press releases to firstname.lastname@example.com
For information, corrections and questions, please contact email@example.com


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File-sharing site The Pirate Bay is urging its users to support Open Internet, a newly formed defense fund that is collecting money for its former ISP Black Internet.
File-sharing site The Pirate Bay is urging its users to support Open Internet, a newly formed defense fund that is collecting money for its former ISP Black Internet.
"Help them to appeal the judgment towards Black Internet and to prevent and deter future harassments of other ISPs," reads a Pirate Bay blog post.
At the end of August Black Internet complied with a Stockholm district court ruling that called for the ISP to shut down The Pirate Bay's connection. As a result, the file-sharing site became temporarily unavailable.
Legal costs initially deterred Black Internet from appealing the verdict, but the company has now changed its mind and filed an appeal.
"Principally, it's very important to find out if ISPs are liable for the traffic in their networks," said Victor Möller, CEO at Black Internet.
But the effort entails funding, and that led to the formation of Open Internet, which is fronted by Möller.
The site went live on Wednesday, and has so far collected about 5,000 Swedish kronor (US$700), according to Möller. The appeal will cost between 1 million and 2 million Swedish kronor, he said.
On Wednesday the site attracted 2,000 visitors, and on Thursday that number increased to 20,000 visitors. The Open Internet Facebook group currently has 744 members.
Though Open Internet is collecting money for Black Internet's appeal, the long-term goals are loftier. The plan is to turn it into a foundation and a Swedish version of the Electronic Frontier Foundation civil liberties advocacy group in the U.S., said Möller.
"It shouldn't stand and fall with me," he said.
The battle between ISPs and the entertainment industry is raging in several Nordic countries. In Norway a district court trial between ISP Telenor and the entertainment industry will get under way on Oct. 12. Also, The Pirate Bay remains blocked by some operators in Denmark. Currently, the case is waiting to be heard in the Danish High Court.
Copyright 2009 IDG Magazines Norge AS. All rights reserved
Postboks 9090 Grønland - 0133 OSLO / Telefon 22053000
Ansvarlig redaktør Henning Meese / Utviklingsansvarlig Ulf Helland / Salgsdirektør Tore Harald Pettersen


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Through our leadership of the global vrs Adjusters network and our acquisition by Sedgwick, Vericlaim can offer clients a truly international service capability across the spectrum of claims services from global, speciality and commercial to home and TPA.
Our UK philosophy of strong personal accountability is mirrored internationally by our vrs Adjusters network partners across 143 territories worldwide. When we work for a global client with member firms, designated individuals have personal responsibility for claims in their own country and all parties work closely together to deliver the best service to their clients.
Key Contact
George Moss
Director, Head of Market Services
+44 (0)7827 981 905


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Ellon Cinema opened its doors for the second time in December offering a festive feel to the end of the year.
Get Santa was screened for the younger audience and Mr Turner was offered to the evening crowds with the addition of mulled wine, punch and mince pies.
Get Santa
December 28 is a very special day for our family as it's our daughter Molly's birthday, and what better way to celebrate than to take her and a party of friends to the cinema? So, accompanied by a band of excited, chocolate-fuelled and still a little bouncy-from-Christmas little girls, we all sat down to watch the film. Get Santa is a British-made film where we find Santa, (Jim Broadbent), marooned in a London suburb shed, separated from his trusty reindeer after making a crash-landing in his sleigh. 9 year old Tom discovers Santa and drags his estranged father, Steve, who has recently been released from prison and on parole, into the secret. Initially Steve thinks Santa is some kind of crank so warns Santa away, who then flees and attempts to rescue his reindeer from Battersea Dogs Home. In time, however, Steve realises that the man who claims to be Santa is real. What follows is the story of father and son gathering the reindeer, discovering the sleigh, taking a trip to Elfland and hoping to rescue Santa (himself now imprisoned) in a bid to save Christmas and stop millions of children being disappointed on Christmas morning.
What is touching about this film is the effect Santa has not on the children, but the adults in the film. Children, of course, know Santa is real, there is no question, but for adults, as we get older, the ability to suspend our disbelief fades and eventually we often lose that magic of believing in the Big Bearded One. In the film, Santa is able to convince first Steve, and then many of the inmates in prison of his identity by revealing personal experiences and Christmas presents of their past that only they would know. I found this really moving. Most of the inmates had a lousy childhood and there is a hint in the film that young Tom may end up like his dad if his father didn't begin to show more responsibility and not end back in prison, a little difficult when his parole officer is hell-bent on getting him back into the slammer. The relationship between Tom and Steve is restored as the film continues, as Tom begins to grow trust in his dad again and a once lost closeness between the pair is rekindled.
Get Santa is an amusing, heart-warming family film which oozes with the magic of Christmas. The inclusion of well-known Warwick Davis as Santa's getaway pretend elf only added to the enjoyment. The gang of girls I sat with all loved it, their favourite bits being mostly where the reindeer suffer from flatulence and a police officer being hit in the face with reindeer poo. To be honest, whenever there was bottom-burping reindeer and poo there was enormous giggling and laughter from our lot and I think the director missed a trick there by not including more.
A hit with the kids and one to watch on DVD next Christmas with a box of chocolates 7/10.
Mr Turner
I was unable to attend the evening screening of Mr Turner (still recovering from a birthday party!), but am pleased to report that the table-seating provided went down a storm. Wine, mulled wine, punch and mince pies were warmly received by the audience and I think I can say that the idea of offering a festive feel for our last film of the year was a success. It is certainly something the volunteers at Ellon Cinema will think to do again so many thanks to those who came to support the event.
Our next Cinema Day will be on Sunday, January 11 where we will be screening Penguins of Madagascar, The Hobbit- The Battle of Five Armies and The Imitation Game.
Tickets will be available from The Chocolate Bar, J&K Shoes and the Victoria Hall on Fridays 12.30pm – 1.30pm. They will also be available on the door on the day. For more details please follow our Facebook page "Ellon Cinema". Everyone at Ellon Cinema would like to thank you for supporting us over this last year, look forward to seeing you next year and wish you all a very happy 2015.


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A little More
Skip to content
A little More
International Wedding Videographers - Los Angeles
Bienvenue sur le site de Lumens-Films, videaste de Mariage basé à Bordeaux
Lumens Films votre videaste de mariage à Bordeaux vous propose son forfait pour votre video de mariage
Qui est votre videaste de mariage ?
Lumens FilmMakers is a top international wedding videographer, based in Los Angeles. We provide Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Diego and all around the world with the highest quality wedding videography service at affordable prices. Our professional videographers will film your wedding or event in a real, true cinematic style that your looking for with our professional HD cameras, top quality audio mics and high end camera lenses that make it possible for us to shoot in the darkest areas so we don't ever have to use video lights. Using these high end lenses with out video lights allow us to capture your wedding or event in the true colors that you have chosen for your venue, and that eliminates the annoyance of blinding you and your guest which no one likes. After we film your event, we will then compile the video create a fully edited video that you can use to remember your big day in beautiful HD for years to come. Your wedding day is one of the most important and memorable days of your life, and you won't want to forget one moment of it. Our Los Angeles wedding videography team will ensure that the beauty, grace, excitement, and emotion of the day is captured in its entirety. We can also help out at parties, celebrations, graduations, birthdays, and bar mitzvahs. Check out our latest wedding videography highlight videos in the Wedding Videos page and see why we are the videographers your looking for. When hiring a wedding videography company, look for the style and feel that you absolutely are in love with. Ask the us questions like, how many cameras do you bring to the ceremony, does the company bring out sliders and lots of equipment that is not needed, do they use video lights, what kind of cameras area they using and do they have lenses that allow them to shoot without video lights. We always have two videographers at the event,, we use the best wireless mics to get the nice clean clear sound and record the audio not on the cameras, but on separate audio recorders and then we lip sync everything after, we use Black Magic Ursa Mini 4.6K, DJI Osmo Pro, DJI Inspire 1 drone with X5 camera. Remember, even if the price is a little more, get the videographer and video you love. Don't pay for the slightly cheaper wedding videography just because of the price and that you might only watch one or two times and then put it away for years. Our goal as a high end wedding videography company is to have you love your video so much that you can't stop watching it over and over again, which is what all our clients tell us and is what we love to hear.


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All WNY Radio to host acoustic night at Mr. Goodbar on April 11
The 21+ show will feature Billy Draws 2 with Surrender Reality, Mindy Davey and Jaynie Crash & The Tall Men.
Tickets for the show are $5 in advance through All WNY Deals or from any of the bands or $6 at the door.
The show is All WNY Radio's fourth of 2017 in what appears to be a once-a-month plan to get All WNY Radio staff members off the Internet and out into the streets -- or bars, as it were.
The lineup was put together by All WNY Radio Events Coordinator Joe Kent, who also put together the lineup for the Blackened Heart Ball and the All WNY Radio 11th Anniversary Party. Kent is now working on putting together shows at various venues throughout WNY from May through the end of year.


text: I just recently installed Linux (Debian) on my DELL but it's completely messed up in terms of the display. So naturally I was unable to develop software under it. If you don't already know (and you probably don't), I write very portable software. My programs only require drivers in order to be ported onto another platform. That's good and all but if I can't work on the platform that I want to port my game to then how do I overcome such a problem? Don't answer that! I already figured it out. All I need it the SDK for linux (I.E. the header files, libs, etc.). I'm working on Windows so I obtain such headers (or simply the documentation for the linux SDK) I can write the drivers carefully and not have to compile them because I'll know they'll work. So can anyone point me to were I can get the SDK documentation for Linux?


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Connex can schedule a bulk delete of 2500 orders at a time, based off the order date and customer name. This guide will describe the steps.
How do I perform the bulk delete?
In this example, we have imported several sales receipts into a customer called Amazon Summary by accident. We will delete all sales receipts from December 10th, 2016 to December 17th, 2016.
- Login to Connex
- At the my connections page, click configure.
- On the left of the configure page, click delete orders.
- Choose 12/1/2016 to 12/17/2016. Enter Amazon Summary as the customer name.
- Click preview.
- Confirm these orders are the ones to delete. Click queue bulk delete.
Can I delete reconciled transactions?
No, you must create a journal entry to correct them. Talk to your Accountant or CPA.
Can I roll back a recent sync?
On the delete page, check use modified date. Orders that synced today will have today's date as the modified date, even if the order was placed last year. If you want to roll back any order created by Connex on March 10, 2017, enter 3/10/2017 to 3/11/2017 as the dates. Connex will find recently modified orders and remove them. Here is the setting:
How does it work?
Connex will create a scheduled task called bulk delete. Connex will pull the Xero transaction ID for up to 2500 orders. Cloud Cart will send ten at a time, until the list has been exhausted. Connex will log successful deletes and failures in the transaction log. Hover over the gear in Connex and click transaction log.


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Environmental Problems
The species Homo sapiens-that is, human beings-appeared late in the Earth's history, but was ultimately able to modify the Earth's environment by its activities. Although human beings apparently first appeared in Africa, they quickly spread throughout the world. Because of their unique mental and physical capabilities, human beings were able to escape the environmental constraints that limited other species and to change the environment to meet their needs.
Although early human beings undoubtedly lived in some harmony with the environment, as did other animals, their retreat from the wilderness began with the first, prehistoric agricultural revolution. The ability to control and use fire allowed them to modify or eliminate natural vegetation, and the domestication and herding of grazing animals eventually resulted in overgrazing and soil erosion. The domestication of plants also led to the destruction of natural vegetation to make room for crops, and the demand for wood for fuel denuded mountains and depleted forests. Wild animals were slaughtered for food and destroyed as pests and predators.
While human populations remained small and human technology modest, their impact on the environment was localized. As populations increased and technology improved and expanded, however, more significant and widespread problems arose. Rapid technological advances after the Middle Ages culminated in the Industrial Revolution, which involved the discovery, use, and exploitation of fossil fuels, as well as the extensive exploitation of the Earth's mineral resources. With the Industrial Revolution, humans began in earnest to change the face of the Earth, the nature of its atmosphere, and the quality of its water. Today, unprecedented demands on the environment from a rapidly expanding human population and from advancing technology are causing a continuing and accelerating decline in the quality of the environment and its ability to sustain life.
It is only in the most recent, and brief period of their tenure that human beings have developed in sufficient numbers and acquired enough power to become one of the most potentially dangerous organisms that the planet has ever hosted.
--John McHale