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What do stone axes have to do with the LIA ?
In his famous paper entitled "The anthropogenic greenhouse era began thousands of years ago" Ruddiman [2003] put forward a fascinating idea: "CO2 oscillations of ∼10 ppm in the last 1000 years are too large to be explained by external (solar-volcanic) forcing, but they can be explained by outbreaks of bubonic plague that caused historically documented farm abandonment in western Eurasia.
Forest regrowth on abandoned farms sequestered
enough carbon to account for the observed CO2 decreases. Plague-driven CO2
changes were also a significant causal factor in temperature changes during the
Little Ice Age (1300–1900 AD)". There has been a lot of controversy surrounding
Ruddiman's paper.
More recently, the idea that plagues caused farmland abandonment and were followed by re-forestation has been applied to the
and the LIA. Several
scholars have proposed that the depopulation caused by the diseases that
Europeans brought to the Americas after 1492 induced a large scale
re-forestation which, in turn, decreased the amount of atmospheric CO2 and
contributed to the LIA [Dull et al., 2010; Faust et
al., 2006; Nevle and Bird, 2008].
In order to assess the likelihood of this hypothesis we need to know i) population
size in pre-Columbian America and ii) the kind of agriculture pre-Columbians practiced. Amazon
Citing Denevan, Nevle and Bird [2008] write that "Evidence for the habitation and modification of American landscapes by tens of millions of Pre-Columbian agriculturalists [Denevan, 1992] exists in the widespread distribution of anthropogenic Amazonian Dark Earth soils, raised fields, irrigated terrace zones, roads, aqueducts, and numerous large-scale earthworks distributed throughout Amazonia, the Andes, Central America, and parts of North America".
Many of the papers addressing this topic cite Denevan with regards to pre-Columbian population densities and agriculture. So, what are Denevan's views on the matter? I will focus on Amazonia, as it is the largest forested area in the world and most of the work on pre-Columbian population density and agriculture that is cited to support this hypothesis have been done in Amazonia (for example the works of Denevan himself, Erickson and Heckenberger).
How many people lived in
Amazonia in 1491?
The first estimate was given by Betty Meggers who said that population density in pre-Columbian Amazonia was 0.3 people Km-2. She didn't do any distinction between floodplains (varzea) and uplands (terra firme) because varzea's fertility was offset by unexpected and destructive floods, which made varzea as unsuitable for people as terra firme.
Denevan then proposed a model in which people settled on the rivers' bluffs. They were able to take advantage of the varzea but avoided the danger of the floods. According to [Denevan, 1992] population density was 14.6 people km-
2 in the varzea and 0.2 people km- 2 in the terra firme
forests. It is interesting that Denevan's estimate for terra firme is lower than
Meggers' estimate. This is important as terra firme represents 98% of the Amazonian
rain forest.
In 2003, Denevan changed idea and wrote: "For varzea population density would be 10.4 per square kilometer […] For terra firme forests it is impossible to estimate an average population density and a total population […] Estimating average population densities for the savannas with any confidence is impossible." Then, he concluded: "...consequently I now reject the habitat-density method I used in the past to estimate a Greater Amazonia population in 1492 of from 5.1 to 6.8 million. I nevertheless still believe that a total of at least 5 to 6 million is reasonable" [Denevan, 2003].
The stone axes
Although Denevan has rejected his own estimate of 0.2 people km-2 for terra firme, it is still important to highlight how he justified that his estimate was smaller than Meggers'. Denevan defends that pre-Columbians did not practice slash and burn agriculture because they did not have metal tools and cutting the forest with stone axes would have been too much work. Hence, they preferred to live in savannahs, where they developed raised field agriculture, or on the river bluffs, where Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) sites are actually found. In Denevan's view, raised fields and ADE developed in order to minimize the need of clearing the forest: pre-Columbians preferred to build raised fields and ADE because such type of agricultural intensification required less work than cutting the forest with stone axes.
The very same archaeological evidence that Nevle and Bird [2008] use to infer high rates of pre-Columbian deforestation are used by Denevan to infer that pre-Columbians actually did not cut the forest!
The questions I have should now be clear: 1) could have such a small population of 0.2 people km-2 significantly modified the Amazon forests? 2) How did they have such an impact if they had to cut the forest with stone axes? 3) Do raised field agriculture and ADE suggest high levels of deforestation? Or is it the other way round?
I don't want to be misinterpreted here; I am not saying that pre-Columbian population was small or that they did not have an important impact on atmospheric CO2 content. I am just saying that we do not know how many people lived in Amazonia in 500 AD or in 1491AD and what impact they had on the Amazon forests. We need far more field and lab work before reliable estimates can be put forward.
Denevan, W. M. (1992), The Native Population of the Americas in 1492, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
Denevan, W. M. (2003), The native population of Amazonia in 1492 reconsidered, Revista de Indias, 63(227), 175-188.
Dull, R. A., R. J. Nevle, W. I. Woods, D. K. Bird, S. Avnery, and W. M. Denevan (2010), The Columbian Encounter and the Little Ice Age: Abrupt Land Use Change, Fire, and Greenhouse Forcing, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(4), 755-771.
Faust, F. X., C. Gnecco, H. Mannstein, and J. Stamm (2006), Evidence for the Postconquest Demographic Collapse of the Americas in Historical CO2 Levels, Earth Interactions, 10(11), 1-14.
Nevle, R. J., and D. K. Bird (2008), Effects of syn-pandemic fire reduction and reforestation in the tropical Americas on atmospheric CO2 during European conquest, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 264(1-2), 25-38.Ruddiman, W. (2003). The Anthropogenic Greenhouse Era Began Thousands of Years Ago Climatic Change, 61 (3), 261-293 DOI: 10.1023/B:CLIM.0000004577.17928.fa


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|Win a free SpellingCity account for student record-keeping!!!
Why not start the new school year off by winning a free SpellingCity.com account for the student record-keeping feature? Are you feeling talented and lucky?
How to Apply for the GiveAway. Write your best explanation of how SpellingCity has helped your students and you. There are four ways to send it to us:
- Post on the SpellingCity forum in the Features & Feedback category keeping your entry under 30 words.
- Send your writing to us using the SpellingCity Contact Us form keeping your entry under 30 words.
- Post on the SpellingCity Facebook fan page your entry keeping it under 30 words.
- Tweet it onto the SpellingCity Twitter homepage keeping it under 140 characters.
Please only apply once.
On Tuesday, Sept 1, the Mayor of SpellingCity will pick among the best entries. He'll award five free classroom licenses to teachers and five free family licenses to parents. Specifically, the Mayor of SpellingCity will select the top entries and declare them finalists. The final ten will be selected randomly from the finalists.
Background on Record-Keeping: SpellingCity has added automated record-keeping as a new feature. This allows teachers to instantly grade and record the students' spelling tests giving them a chance to immediately review the words and to take a retest. Traditionally, the grading of papers took a day, tied up a teacher's evening, and involved lots of hand-grading and recording. Automated record-keeping of spelling tests puts the results immediately recorded in the teacher's online gradebook.
The student record-keeping is a new SpellingCity feature introduced in August 2009. The cost for a classroom (30 student licenses) is $49.99. A family (5 licenses) is $29.99 per year. Click for more details on student record-keeping.
Questions, you can DM us on Twitter, Message us on Facebook, post in the forum or use our contact us form.
The Mayor, SpellingCity.com

subset: commoncrawl


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Kids' Birthday Parties
Planning a kid's birthday party can be stressful. I'm here to tell you it doesn't have to be. There are so many fun ideas to choose from. Below are just a few unique ideas I've found. Keep in mind that these pictures are posted by professional party planners! There's no need to try to recreate all the details. After all, you deserve to enjoy your kid's birthday too. Children are most interested in playing with friends, eating cake, and opening presents on their birthday anyway. Below are a few of my favorite theme ideas, but don't forget to ask your birthday girl or boy what they want at their party before choosing!
1. Mad Scientist Party from Pop Sugar Moms. You don't have to get this fancy, but I love the gummy worms on the trays and the glass vases filled to look like chemical mixtures of some sort. Have the children create their own mixes too!
2. Goldilocks and the Three Bears from Pop Sugar Moms. Have children pick out seats at the table that are juuust right for them!
3. The Great Outdoors from Apartment Therapy. I love this one because it gives kids a chance to run around outside and provides a sense of adventure.
4. Happy Bee Day from Enchanted Events & Design. How cute is this cake?! This would be a perfect party for those spring birthdays that are hard to find themes for.
5. Princess and the Pea Pajama Party. If you have a little girl, you have to take a minute to check this one out.
When done right, your children will remember their birthday parties forever. You don't need perfect decorations or expensive cakes to please your little one. If you keep their interests in mind, they will be sure to have a memorable day.
I had a great time sewing this pirate flag for a birthday party at the Aquatic Center in Christiansburg recently. The kids were really getting into character. Please feel free to contact me if you need something similar done.
Remember there is only one day left to nominate someone for the Sew Sophisticated Superlative contest!
Comment and let me know the best birthday theme, game, cake or present you have ever seen, and check out my website by clicking on the daisy below.
Sew Long,


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My all time favorite superhero will always be Batman, but I did this poem of Superman out of the blue. 🙂
Dear Superman,
I am but a fan.
The sight of your flowing red sheet,
Undoubtedly sweeps me off my feet.
High up in the air,
I wish to touch that curly hair,
And up away you fly,
A kiss I give with goodbye.


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In Cusco, the heart of the Inca Empire, we explore lovely narrow cobblestone streets, the impressive Sacsayhuaman fortress, the mysterious carved rock shrine of Kenko and the delightful Inca Baths at Tambomachay on this classic Cusco tour. Later, in the Sacred Valley of the Incas, we visit the Native Market at Pisac and the town and ceremonial site of Ollantaytambo – the only Inca village that has been continuously inhabited since the time of the Incas. The highlight of our trip is the visit to Machu Picchu the legendary "Lost City of the Incas", so well hidden by the overgrowth that it was never found by the "Conquistadores"…
Category Archives: Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu Restrictions
Following UNESCO recommendations, authorities have declared that starting 20 July 2011 the maximum daily capacity of visitors to Machu Picchu will be 2500. Due to the MP´s anniversary celebrations and local festivities in Peru, these past days the max. capacity was reached and some travelers were not able to visit the Citadel.
Please note the following :
- We buy the tickets in advance, but we consider that travelers which overnight in Machu Picchu/Aguas Calientes and expect to buy locally the entrance ticket for their 2nd day visit could experience problems. There will be days were no tickets will be available.
- To avoid this we suggest :
- Send us the travelers details mentioned below in advance. The earlier the better.
- Request the entrance tickets for the 2nd day visit as part of the program
- Regarding the entrance tickets it´s important to know:
- To be able to buy the tickets we need : Full Name + Nationality + Age + Gender (Male/Female)
- The reservations stay valid for 6 hours. If not bought the system releases them automatically.
- Once issued/bought, the tickets can be modified (date and names) but paying a penalty of up to 30%
Cusco & Machu Picchu – Climbing to Huayna Picchu
The Peruvian Ministry of Culture instated and already enforced a new law, that Huayna Picchu can only be climbed on a certain schedule by guests who purchased a permit beforehand. As before, the first time slot is from 7:00 to 8:00 AM and the second one is from 10:00 to 11:00 AM. Both groups are limited to 200 people, meaning a total of 400 people are allowed to climb Huayna Picchu per day. The permit can be purchased AHEAD of time at the additional cost of US $10 per person. Since the space is very limited, we recommend requesting this approximately 30 days prior to departure. For those guests, whose departure is already close, we can still try to obtain permits but cannot guarantee availability.
Status Update on the route to Machu Picchu
We are pleased to inform that after two weeks from its opening, the railway access to Machu Picchu has been restored and train services have successfully been operating. As already mentioned, the access requires a 50 minute bus ride from the Sacred Valley (Ollantaytambo Station) up to Piscacucho (Km.82) followed by an 80 minute train ride to Machu Picchu train station (Aguas Calientes); and so far, all services have been developing without inconveniences. Only vehicles of up to 19 passengers (Sprinter) may enter the route to Piscacucho; and this route is being controlled by the local authorities.
This combined bus-train service will be operating during April, May and June; and the regular train service (from Ollantaytambo Station to Machu Picchu train station) is expected to be restored by July 1st.
Peru Rail launches New Special Service To Machu Picchu
For those passengers who require a superior and exclusive train service to Machu Picchu while the Hiram Bingham service is not available, PeruRail has launched its Special Service, available from May 1st to June 30th, 2010. This new PeruRail Service includes private bus transfer to Piscacucho, snacks and beverages on board, buffet brunch at Machu Picchu Sanctuary Lodge, amongst others.
Machu Picchu Update
Although Peru Rail has confirmed that the train service will star operating as of March 29th, the INC (National Institute of Culture – the governmental authority in charge of Machu Picchu) has informed that the Machu Picchu archaeological complex will reopen on APRIL 1.
Travelers will be transferred by bus (45 minutes approx.) from Ollantaytambo station to Piscaicucho, where they will board the trains for Machu Picchu. As mentioned before, Piscaicucho (the starting point of the Inca Trail) is located between Ollantaytambo and Machu Picchu. Please refer to the attached map.
A short walk (180 meters / 590 feet) is expected at Piscaicucho between where the buses park and the provisional train station. In lieu of this, the fact that we are towards the end of the rainy season and the nature of the visit to Machu Picchu, we highly recommend the following:
- Comfortable walking shoes
- Rain poncho
- A small overnight bag / backpack for those travelers staying overnight. Although its not confirmed, there should be Peru Rail staff to help carry the overnight luggage between the buses and trains.
- PERU RAIL, which due to the events of January, will be VERY STRICT with its luggage policy as the trains will be running at full capacity. The size of the luggage that will be allowed on board is basically the same as that of carry-on's allowed by airlines on the main cabin of airplanes. Please refer to attached information
During the first 60 days of operation not all coaches will be available, so seat capacity will be limited:
- Starting March 29th 45 %
- Starting May 1st 60 %
- Starting June 1st 100 %
Feel assured that we are working extremely closely with PERU RAIL to secure availability for all of our passengers.


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Artist: KORINE, HARMONY
Title: The Collected Fanzines
Format: Book
Label: Drag City
Country: USA
Price: $24.00
|"Trade paperback approx. 350 pages, 24.98 list price. Reproduces all the original pages, mostly hand-written or featuring primitive xerox art, that were published in small editions, 1992 thru 1999. Youre excused if youve never seen or heard of these "fanzines". Influential line: "Janet Jackson thinks Christ is a Hoax." There are many other pages with similar sentiment, but dude, the vibe is a little scurrilous... "Going back through the years...its so hard to remember, I was always tripping and falling over myself. These zines were written over the last fifteen years, mostly in dark rooms and the basements of old people. With names like Adulthood, Foster Homes and Gardens, Pocahontas Monthly, Hümer, and others, they were sold in limited editions out of the Alleged Gallery and Andrea Rosen Gallery. Some were sold on street corners and given away to the tramp sects that were so prominent during that time period. Scraps of paper and half thoughts in the guise of art objects, you see. Not many people actually got a chance to have these but the ones who are still amongst the living have greatly benefited. I know one lady in Panama who has the complete set, her family has stopped referring to her as a gimp, now they call her Sue. They were never meant to be collectible -- just low-concept laugh-inducing juxtapositions of words and images, images and images, lists, monologues, cartoons, free verse, jokes, half-thoughts, fake/real interviews, innuendo and Matt Dillons phone number. If you sold them on eBay for a bunch of money, I want my cut. Or if you bought them then please spare a percentage to the dyke army and the flame militia, its a good charity and its ribbon buttons are invisible. Some of them read like letters from prison. I know these were popular in some prisons but Im not sure why." -Harmony Korine, 2008.
Artist: KORINE, HARMONY
Title: The Collected Fanzines Box Set
Format: Boxset
Label: Drag City
Country: USA
Price: $95.00
|"Limited deluxe box set containing exact reproductions of the original eight fanzines. "Some of these collected fanzines were done in collaboration with Mark Gonzales. Harmony and Mark would go back and forth, trying to make each other laugh. Theyd stay up for days writing poems based on the names of famous people like Mae West Go East. When there were enough sheets, theyd put them in some kind of order, a lot of time they would use the pages as pillows. It was a lot of fun, lots of laughs. Weve tried to reproduce them in trade paperback form with the same production values -- which is to say, not much. They also come in an ultra-deluxe limited-edition box-set containing replicas of the original fanzines, for those of you with your eyes on future auction profits. Fuckers. Harmonys house burned down around 2000 or something. At that point, the focus shifted. And he got lazy. But today, weve got this collection of seven fanzines from a time of innocence, exploration, experimentation, discovery, depression and hanging around. Including these fanzines: My Friend Or Sheep Boy, Adulthood, Adulthood 2, Oh Death Where Is Thy Sting, Foster Homes And Gardens, Humor. Pocahontas Monthly, Hümer." -Drag City.
Artist: KORINE, HARMONY
Title: Trash Humpers
Format: DVD
Label: Drag City
Country: USA
Price: $16.00
|"In the Summer of 2010, the underground trend of trash-humping JUMPED the NASHVILLE CITY LIMITS as the film Trash Humpers spread across the nation, screening in movie theaters, galleries, bars and grills and anyplace, really, indoors or out, that could draw a crowd to see the thing. Filmmaker Harmony Korine often accompanied the film, standing around and answering questions when he wasnt doing something else. It was something to see, but the only problem was, all you could do once youd walked away was revisit the images seared into your brain for the rest of your life. Now, the official DVD release of Trash Humpers is here for you to take with you to whatever your destiny has to offer you. You dont know when youre gonna die. It could be tomorrow. But hopefully it wont be until after Trash Humpers becomes available on DVD, complete with the extra featurettes Mac and Plac, and Blood of Havana, as well as deleted scenes that everyone forgot about after making this but are actually kind of cool! About the filmmaker: Harmony Korine has been a party to some of the most enervating films of the last two decades, including Gummo, Julien Donkey-Boy, and Mister Lonely. Somebody said that Trash Humpers was his most baffling film yet. Okay..." All-region NTSC format; color; mono; total running time: 78 minutes. Includes a bonus 24-page fanzine. - Drag City


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Disaster communications and policy changes means residents and their furry family members are safer, more accommodated
Recently a colleague shared an article discussing the impact that the loss of a pet can have on humans –the grief can be extreme, akin to the loss of their human family members and friends.
Ok, so maybe I tend to have crazy cat person qualities (we have two cats at home), but as we're heading into this year's summer storm season, the article got me thinking about the emotional toll that disasters – and the impact of losing your pets during them – can have on families. Many studies have explored how the love for pets and animals can lead to increased happiness, or even longevity. But the love for our pets can also influence choices we make that impact our safety.
The notion that you should evacuate with your pet was not always understood or easy to do. And although the message "don't leave home without your pet" was part of disaster preparedness and response communications prior to Hurricane Katrina, pet-friendly shelters weren't always easy to find or mandated by law. Communications regarding pets and disasters was usually a secondary message – as the enormity of human actions regarding their pets wasn't fully understood, or possibly appreciated.
As a social marketer focused on disaster communications, what I find interesting is the great shift that occurred when communications and policy began to reflect what we know about human emotions, rather than fight against it. Building relevance to people's lives is key to motivating action and changing behavior. And when it comes to disaster safety, including pets in the equation has done just that.
Hurricane Katrina became a catalyst for focusing more attention on the need for consistent communications, and policy – so that relief efforts weren't hindered. For example, a poll conducted by the Fritz Institute in 2006 showed that 44 percent of those who didn't evacuate during Katrina stayed because they didn't want to leave pets behind. In contrast, only 18 percent reported that they stayed behind because of relatives. That was a wake up call. An article in Dog's Life Magazine marking the 5-year anniversary of Katrina also documents the public awakening to the plight of animals killed or left homeless and the resistance from residents to leave them behind after Katrina. Gloria Dauphin, assistant to the CEO at the Louisiana SPCA is quoted as saying "We learned that animals must have a place at the table when it comes to disaster planning and response. We learned that saving pets [means] saving people." Following Katrina, the federal Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS act) and amendments to the Stafford Disaster Relief Act addressed needs for household pets during disasters. Many states and communities have followed suit with local laws to protect pets, and by extension, their owners. And more than ever, officials and organizations are focused on outreach efforts that prioritize pet resources and tips.
Skip to present day: Is it working?
When Hurricane Irene threatened the east coast last August, I found myself urging my parents, who live in Bethany Beach, Del., to evacuate. A mile inland from the coast, I had cause to worry – not just about them – but because that week in August just happened to coincide with "Grandparent camp," when my parents take care of my two young nieces. This time they had another addition – one of their fuzzy granddaughters – my cat Lila. Here she is…
Understandably, they were initially concerned about being there in case something happened to the house, but everyone's concern for my nieces and my questions about "What will happen to Lila?" if they stayed too long got their attention and got them on the road to Washington, DC. Leaving Lila behind didn't even come up as an option. Instead, they were equipped with the list of shelters along the way that took pets, just in case they needed to stop.
Some may find that staying behind and putting yourself and your family in harm's way for your pet is a bit extreme. I have certainly felt that way – but working through the evacuation steps during Hurricane Irene underscored the emotions we can feel when it comes our pets. I'm happy to see that a choice between being safe and protecting your pet isn't one we have to make as often, due to widespread acceptance of pets as part of the disaster preparedness, response, and communications process.
Click here for more resources and to find a pet-friendly shelter in your state. And if my suggestion doesn't motivate you to learn more, maybe this picture will:
Click for more puppies, I mean resources.
See? Cute puppies always work.


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Christian meditation, ofttimes titled broody prayer, is scene parenthesis case to dwell on in condition and isolation and focusing completely on God and his phrase. Listening to radio-controlled reflexion or mutely continuance a catchword (biblical word, phrase, or religious text) are the most communal methods Christians use to think present. More and more than Christians are exit to Christ-centered speculation as a way to detaching from the world, regenerate their peace of be bothered and spend more juncture in God's existence. The Bible tells us that in God's attendance is comprehensiveness of joy.
More Reasons to Meditate
There are innumerous benefits to Christian reflexion. I agree to the 3 maximal benefits of
Christian musing is that it allows us to devote more than superior occurrence near God, teaches us to
control our study life, and helps us uphold our moral upbeat and heartfelt well-being. I will complex one respectively one below:
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Spend More Quality Time with God- The Psalms 46:10 tells us to be motionless and cognise God. In
order to know God we call for to put in clip beside him. The much circumstance we pass in God's linguistic unit
and abide in his presence, the much we hold on his imaginary creature and alikeness. In Luke 19, when Jesus went to Zaccheaus, the tax collector's home, it is said that Zacchaeus told Jesus as a after effects of his visit, "if I has persecuted or cheated everyone I will compensate them final beside curiosity."
When we brood in God's presence we are transformed. When Mary and Martha had Jesus over as a meal guest, Martha became disquieted because Mary wasn't portion her beside the preparations.
Jesus told Martha that she had galore cares, but that Mary had made the improved choice, to dwell on at his side, and it would not be taken distant from her.Post ads:
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Control Thought Life- Ephesians Chapter 6 tell us to kind hair all fiery missile that exalts itself hostile the know-how of God and bring out all content into the passivity of Christ.
Meditation helps us to frozen our minds so that we can observe the elusive or knocked out
thoughts that we're intelligent. If we are not dominant our thoughts, next our assessment are
controlling us. Many society untaped unconsciously or by intellectual absence. They have ne'er
examined their internal duologue and in performance by hypersensitivity or else of purposefully. Meditation can aid you to notice the moral yack in your head so that you can do away with and regenerate them near God's remark and rocket above degrade plane cognitive state.
Promotes Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being- Just approaching we break and filter our outer and secret bodies, our minds also requirement to conformable rest. Without rational time out we get
overwhelmed by the worries and the cares of our lives. We entail to mentally hospital ward from all the psychic clutter, messages, and information we're unendingly bombarded next to. It is during modern times of quietness, still and care that we're in the best possible responsibility comprehend and territorial division beside God. During meditation we larn give up both situation to God. In return, we have that order that passes all kind-hearted. We secretion the prosody and plentiful unhealthful emotions that stick your nose in near our peace of think about.
What Does the Bible Say About Meditation?
Psalms chapter 46:10 tells us to "be increasingly and cognize that I am God." Joshua subdivision 1 writing style 8, admonishes us to cogitate on God's remark day and time period. Psalms subdivision 4: 4 persuades us, "When you are in your beds, poke about your short whist and be unspeaking." David coveted in Psalms 104: 34, that his "meditations be delicious to the Lord." Isaiah professed in Chapter 50:4, "He wakens me morning by morning, wakens my ear to listen look-alike one someone taught." Moses tired 40 life on the height enduring and basic cognitive process from God (Exodus 34-35). Paul normative admission and saw visions from region (2 Corinthians 12). John wrote visions that are transcribed in the set book of Revelations.
I reflect that is was during present time of musing that the disciples and prophets of old normative lots of their visions and revelations from God. The Bible says even Jesus dog-tired work time unsocial near God (Luke 5:16; Mark 1:35). Our top inspirations and truths come through during contemporary world of quietness, stillness, openness, and reflection- all components of reflection.
If you'd similar to to cram more than going on for Christian musing please stop by my website at .


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BogoSort is a moderately well-known algorithm to sort a list. Here's how it works:
- Put the elements of the list in a random order.
- Check if the list is sorted. If not, start over.
BogoSort has an average running time of O((n+1)!), which is not very good. It is also the rare algorithm which has NO worst-case running time; if the input has at least two elements, it is possible for the algorithm to run for any amount of time.


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A graduate from Georgetown University Law Center, Washington DC.
- Catastrophic injuries or damages from defective products
- Hazardous conditions
- Tractor-trailer and aircraft wrecks
- Medical malpractice
- Neligent security
- Libel & slander
- Discrimination
- Breach of contract
- Fraud
- Other serious and complex legal matters
During the past 25 years, Mr. Ballard has served in State and Federal Courts, the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court of Georgia, conducting jury trials, arbitrations, mediations and settlement conferences. Mr. Ballard also provides seminars and training on various legal topics.
Mr. Ballard's early law practice years included incredible guidance and training by some of the very best attorneys in the country. Initially, he served as a trial lawyer for corporations in the insurance and transportation industries. During the past 15 years, Mr. Ballard and his law firm has focused on representing clients harmed or injured as a result of negligent, reckless or intentional acts and clients and disputes arising from employment, business, real estate, insurance, and probate matters. The Ballard Law Firm also provides consulting for other attorneys and companies in legal matters throughout the United States.
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Mile End debuts a veggie-filled Middle Eastern dinner menu
Mile End is a trendy, modern version of a classic Jewish deli with locations in Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, and Noho in Manhattan. Read: roasted acorn squash and cauliflower tabbouleh offered alongside reubens and matzo ball soup.
And the beloved restaurant just introduced a new family-style Middle Eastern-Jewish dinner menu designed by executive chef (and hipster hottie) Eli Sussman at the Bond Street location.
"While it may seem very different than our regular menu, Mile End has always been a place of experimentation, especially when testing the limits of Jewish cooking," Sussman says.
The seasonal and organic-when-possible menu now includes Fried Chickpeas and Zaatar, Fried Sweet Potatoes with Zhug, and Roasted Patty Pan Squash, among meat options like Grilled Lamb Merguez and Schwarma Spiced Chicken Thighs.
"More than half the dishes are made completely or nearly completely from vegetables," he says. "The amazing thing about the foods of the Middle East is the love of bold and assertive spices, which can turn a simply prepared piece of cauliflower into a special experience."
Dinner is served family style for $40 per person from Tuesday through Saturday, which Sussman says adds a bonus health benefit to every meal. "Eating family style is good for the soul," he says. "Sharing food with people whose company you enjoy is bound to be good for you."
Unless somebody takes the last bite of cauliflower. That means war. —Jamie McKillop
For more information, visit www.mileenddeli.com
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Deputies Investigate Construction Flagger Struck and Killed by Dump TruckSalem-News.com
This tragedy is a reminder to drive with extreme caution in and around construction zones.
(HAPPY VALLEY, Ore.) - A construction flagger was struck by a dump truck Thursday afternoon near the intersection of SE 132nd Ave and SE Rose Meadow Drive in Happy Valley. Unfortunately, he was killed.
Deputies responded about 4:15 p.m. Personnel with the Happy Valley Police Department, Clackamas County Sheriff's Office, Clackamas Fire District, and American Medical Response arrived on scene and pronounced the flagger deceased.
Initial reports indicate that crews with Northwest Natural Gas had been on scene of a natural gas leak in the area, and had SE 132nd Ave completely closed to traffic.
A dump truck, on scene to help aid crews with the gas leak, experienced mechanical problems.
As the dump truck operator was attempting to remove his truck from the construction area, he struck and killed the 71-year old flagger.
Neither the truck driver nor the flagger were employees of Northwest Natural Gas. The names of those two companies are not being released at this time.
As crews with Northwest Natural Gas continued to try and fix the gas leak, the Sheriff's Office Criminal Reconstruction and Forensic Team (CRAFT) responded to the scene and assisted in the investigation.
The Clackamas County Medical Examiner's Office also responded to the scene and removed the body of the flagger.
The investigation surrounding the crash is still ongoing; no arrests have been made. Additionally, the names of those involved in this incident are not being released at this time to allow for family notifications and the investigation to be completed.
The Clackamas County Sheriff's Office would like to continue to encourage everyone to drive with extreme caution in and around construction zones.
CCSO would also like to thank all of the first responders who assisted in the investigation, as well as the men and women with Northwest Natural Gas for their extreme professionalism during this challenging incident.
Two Clackamas County cities -- Happy Valley and Wilsonville -- contract with the Clackamas County Sheriff's Office to provide municipal police services.
Source: Clackamas County Sheriff's Office
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By BRETT MARSHALL
Trina Moquett discovered something about her Garden City Lady Buffaloes softball team on Thursday in its 2013 home opener.
The first-year GCHS coach watched her squad fall behind the Goodland Cowgirls early in the first game, but then rally to win a dramatic 10-9 opener by scoring the winning run with one out in the bottom of the seventh.
Then, in the second game of the doubleheader at Tangeman Sports Complex, Moquett watched sophomore pitcher Dusti Befort mow down 15 Cowgirl batters as the Lady Buffs were dominant in a 10-0 whitewashing in a game that went just six innings.
The twin victories improved the Lady Buffs' early season mark to 4-0 after they had posted easy wins a week ago against Wichita North. This time, they got their first challenge, and Moquett liked what she saw.
"The girls reacted really well, never got down," Moquett said. "They could've given up and it's nice to see them respond the way they did."
Goodland wasted little time in the opener by lashing out five hits off senior starter and eventual winner Kori Thornton, that led to four runs. The Buffs responded with three runs in their first frame and each team traded scoring twice in the second, making it 6-5 Goodland. The Cowgirls added one run in the fourth before the Lady Buffs bounced right back with single runs in the fourth, fifth and sixth to go up 8-7.
The Cowgirls scored twice in the top of the seventh to go back up by a run before the Lady Buffs came back one more time to score twice in the bottom half to produce the victory. The winning run was scored by Casey Curran, who came home on Thornton's RBI fielder's choice. Curran had driven in MeKayla Guerrero with the tying run on a single to right after Guerrero led off with a triple to left centerfield.
"We just kept battling and battling, and that's what a coach wants from their team," Moquett said.
Kennedy Brunson had three hits and scored three runs, as did Guerrero, to lead a 10-hit attack. Jamie St. Claire had a pair of hits and two RBIs while Guerrero also had a pair of RBIs.
In the second game, it was all Befort, as the sophomore, making just her second varsity start, had complete command of the Goodland batters from start to finish.
After she had pitched a 3-inning perfect game at Wichita North earlier (as did Thornton), Befort was equal to the task again. She struck out the first eight batters she faced before Steph DeLaRosa ended the no-hitter with a soft single to right in the third. Befort, though, got strikeout No. 9 to end the inning and had two more K's in the fourth, two in the fifth and two in the sixth. She was three strikeouts shy of the school record set by Katie Ford.
"The calls were coming and I was able to place my pitches on the outside, which they had trouble with," Befort said of her performance. "I'm surprised with that many. I just ended up throwing a lot of my pitches high and they went for them. Any of my change-ups were not getting called strikes."
Befort said the outing was a big confidence boost.
"It's huge because I've been working a lot on my pitching," Befort said. "Getting the win in the first game really gave me courage to pitch in the second."
The Lady Buffs came up with another strong offensive effort as the twinbill was played in cool temperatures (low 50s) and high wind (30-35 mph). They finished with 11 hits, left seven runners on base and played flawlessly in the field. Befort gave up just one other hit, an infield hit that caromed off her glove, and Guerrero could not make the throw to first in time.
"She's got the potential to be terrific," Moquett said of Befort. "Mechanically, she's just going to get better. She threw really well, but she's still not close to how good she can be."
Thornton had three hits to lead the attack, while Brunson and Curran had a pair each. Curran scored three runs while Brunson and St. Clair scored twice.
The Lady Buffs will next play at 4 p.m. Tuesday when they travel to Liberal to open Western Athletic Conference play against the Lady Redskins.
Game 1
Goodland 420 100 2 -- 9 10 2
Garden City 320 111 2 -- 10 10 3
1 out when winning run scored.
WP--Thornton (2-0) and Greenlee; LP--DeLaRosa and Hernandez. 2B--Goodland (Phillips 2), Garden City (Brunson). 3B--Garden City (Guerrero). LOB--Goodland 8, Garden City 5.
Game 2
Goodland 000 000 -- 0 2 5
Garden City 203 221 -- 10 11 0
2 outs when winning run scored.
WP--Befort (2-0) and Greenlee; LP--DeLaRosa and Hernandez. 2B--Garden City (Brunson, Thornton). LOB--Goodland 2, Garden City 7.


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By Moni Basu, CNN
(CNN) - Penn State has had its share of controversy for a while, but this week it is getting some more unwanted attention.
The university's Chi Omega sorority chapter is under investigation after a photo with Mexican stereotypes surfaced on a social media site.
It shows a group of sorority members dressed in ponchos and sombreros and wearing fake mustaches. One woman holds a sign that says: "Will mow lawn for weed + beer." Another sign says: "I don't cut grass. I smoke it."
The photograph was taken at a Mexican-themed party around Halloween, according to the independent college blog, Onward State. It was posted last week on Tumblr.
The university's Panhellenic Council said it had received concerns about the photo and that the council does not condone derogatory behavior from members.
"The Penn State Panhellenic Council recognizes the offensive nature of the photo and is therefore taking the matter very seriously," the executive board said in a statement.
"We are addressing the situation immediately with the members of the chapter in conjunction with their national headquarters," it said. "Our council and all its members strive to hold ourselves to a high standard and are disappointed by any failure to meet these expectations."
Jessica Riccardi, president of the Chi Omega chapter at Penn State, released an apology to The Daily Collegian newspaper.
"Our chapter of Chi Omega sincerely apologizes for portraying inappropriate and untrue stereotypes," she said. "The picture in question does not support any of Chi Omega's values or reflect what the organization aspires to be."
The connections to the sorority were discovered through members' names tagged on Facebook, Onward State said. The posts have since been taken down.
Penn State public relations director Lisa Powers said that university officials have had conversations with Chi Omega members and that the women have expressed "deep remorse."
"The students in the photo are within their First Amendment rights to express themselves in this way, although we are certainly appalled that they would display this level of insensitivity and lack of judgment," Powers said.
"Because the right of free expression is guaranteed under the Constitution - for both behaviors we disagree with or for those that we support - we are approaching this as a teachable moment to engage this group of young women in discussions about their actions and to further educate them about diversity issues," she said.
Powers said the national leadership of Chi Omega will have to decide if disciplinary action is warranted.
A statement from Chi Omega headquarters said, "Personal degradation has no place in our organization, even if such behavior is meant facetiously or in jest. The Chi Omega national organization is taking this situation very seriously and is being thoughtful and deliberate regarding any sanctions or educational directives for the chapter."
At least one student at Penn State demanded a direct apology from Chi Omega to all Latinos.
"This is not a joke. This is our culture," said Ariel Coronel, president of the Penn State Latino Caucus.
She was shocked when she first saw the photo and said the signs the women were holding were especially offensive.
"There's a huge drug war going on in Mexico and you have a sign that says, 'We will mow lawns for weed and beer,' " Coronel said. "It's wrong on so many levels. How can you think this is OK?"
The reactions to the incident varied on Twitter. Here are two:
@ChiOmegaPSU The incredible amount of racism put into your "mexican" party was disgusting.—
Oscar Moises (@KidMacabre) December 04, 2012
@OnwardState @ChiOmegaPSU Maybe some people need to be a little less sensitive... Have a thicker skin and be less PC.—
Greg Woll (@gaw150) December 04, 2012
These chicks rock!
I think it's funny because these girls have probably never spent a day in their lives working for a hard earned dollar.
Never a more true statement.
'Mob Mentality'.
The pretext seems innocent, the end result is almost always criminal.
The only way to beat racism is to make fun of it. If we could banter each other, and stop being offended OVER EVERYTHING, racism would not exist. We must realize stereotypes are funny and nothing more. They do not define any population. Grow up people and grow some tough skin, this is 'Merica. By becoming offended you acknowledge the gesture. As a person who looks Mexican, I can empathize with the act, however I know it's not true about my culture, therefore I pay it no mind.
Well said Bubba. Fortunately about 90% of the commentators on here feel the same way.
That's because they're all wussies
My sorority has the Greek work "Phi" in the name. We pronounce it "fee", which I won't go into here. We always had a big party we called the "fee-esta". No one was offended. Of course, that was 50 years ago. These kids are just having fun. Leave them alone.
Because of the sensationalizing of this "news" story (as if themed college parties don't happen everywhere), these girls are now receiving e-mails threatening their lives. This is a serious issue.
would there not be mass hysteria, and would it not be all over the news right now if they had black faces on? lets respect all races, not just the races you are afraid of.
Hispanic/Latino is an ethnicity, not a race. Mexican and Canadian are nationalities. According to the Pew Hispanic survey, 36% of Latinos identify their race as white.
You do realize there is a historical precedence for why "black face" in particular is considered to be so offensive, right? It's NOT because people are simply pretending to be black (enough white people do this everyday that should be obvious).
The reason it's so offensive is because of the Minstrel Shows of the 19th and early 20th century. I really don't have time to get into all of it but you would do well to educate yourself – just look it up on wikipedia.
There is absolutely no equivalent to a Minstrel show invovling Latinos and that's why it's entirely inaccurate to use blackface as an analogy.
Oh PLEASE! I've been to Mexico 6 times, and people who actually live there, true Mexicans, cannot WAIT to peddle these strereotypical get-ups to the tourists practically the minute you step foot off the plane. Vendors will put outfits like these on you and make you hold stupid little message signs to pose for photos. The president of the Latino Caucus was outraged by the outfits? I guess she would just hate to ACTUALLY go to Mexico, then. And the signs? I have cousins who go to Penn State – all those signs show are the typical idiot duck-face-making party girls who go to that school to do 3 things – drink, smoke and bang. It's Penn State, people – it used to be a party football school, now it's just a party school.
Gee...kids in college soing stupid stuff. Who knew that would happen!
Get a grip, people, and stop taking everying so damn serious.
Outrage over what, that this article is ever news is ridiculous. Young women having a party, so what; are Americans' skins that thin?
Remember this is the world of leftist academia where the definition of "tolerance" is intolerance.
Well we would hate to be an educated country which had tolerance for the world around us... imagine how awful that would be.
Bunch of sensitive Susan's need to get over it. I'ts a bunch of young girls, leave them alone.
Social Media is a resume killer. Most people should just stay away.
I am of a hispanic background and I'm not offended by a picture that was all in jest taken on Halloween. This political correctness philosophy is just plain and simple idiocy. Oh my, that tongue in cheek moment or slip of the tongue offends me so, they should be expelled, or fired, or locked up. Yes that is sarcasm for those who fail to recognize it. Oh wait, that comment wasn't PC.
Sorry, but Saturday Night Live does this same sort of thing, well... every Saturday Night.
But hey, that is just treated as comedy, so it is ok....
Looks to me like they were just joking around as well. Get over it people, there are more important things out there.
Doing controverisal jokes is ok in my book, what's not ok is when you post them for large audiences to see, in other words putting it on the internet, then you are going to get a lot of flak and cause a lot of offense and you only have yourself to blame... as far as freedom of speech, that only guarentees that you don't end up in jail or in troulbe with the law, which hardly ever happens, so its not really applicable to this photo or to people criticizing it.
I would expect nothing more or less from a bunch of rich white college girls. Sorry token Asian girl on the far left side..
Isn't she from Glee?
What, in that picture, makes you think that they are rich? Plenty of poor people put themselves through college.
Most people who do put themselves through college can't afford to be greek, especially at a large university where dues can be anywhere from $500-$1,000 a semester
Rich college girls... that go to a state school?
That comment seemed a little racist and stereotypical in itself. How can you talk down to a group of girls for displaying acts of racism and in response show your racist tendencies. The fact is, this is clearly a 1st amendment right, and thus is legal in every aspect. Additionally, for this to make national news is pathetic. It's media sensationalism at its finest, but that doesn't pertain to your ignorance now does it? Your response reveals your idiocy. Don't show your disdain for an act and respond with the same actions. I briefly glance through some of the comments with intention of responding to someone in order show how unnecessary a story like this in the national news is. Then I came across your remarks; I felt an obligation for myself all internet traffickers to try and persuade you to please refrain from making hypocritical remarks, just stop commenting on articles. You clearly envy these "rich white girls," as you so elegantly stated because, although misguided, they are receiving a college education. I hope and pray you have the excuse of not having one or else I seriously fear the state of our collegiate system. Best regards, I hope you internalize this and act appropriately, or in your case inaction.
No need to apologize. Your point is well taken—at least by some.
Amen to that. Privileged little white girls.
I took the picture for what it was. it gave me quite a giggle. it could of been quite worse. They could of took a picture of themselves climbing a fence with all that clothing on. People need to grow thicker skin.
Gees, lighten up. If Mexicans had a party showing stereo-typical Americans (oh, so many ways to go with that) it would be funny (too). I'm sure these girls will get in trouble but they shouldn't.
In other words, people should not get in the way of white people having fun.
I'd rather they took a photo with all that clothing off. Oops was that politically incorrect?
Guess you were wrong! lol
Right, is dumb to segregate and discuss everything base on races , you will find stupid people on white black browns yellow or green people, just teh same way you can find amazing people on every race.
As a Mexican-American, i don't feel offended. Because we work for things-true! we don't beg with homeless signs. Happy be American!
the best neurosurgeon in the Midwest is from Mexico...Mexico city is the world leader in neuroscience...
Unfortunately after the surgery they just roll the patient off the top of a pyramid.
Oh, come on. Can we stop with the PC police? And can everyone just grow up and learn to take a joke? Every single ethnicity and religion has something they're known for, and if we can't poke fun at it once in a while, I have a feeling the world is going to become a very boring place. Sometimes I think all the "moral outrage" that occurs is drummed up by PR execs that know this is the only way they'll stay in business. Everyone, everywhere needs to get a sense of humor and learn to enjoy life.
Jew is not a race it is a religion
Reading comprehension helps. I specifically said they fall under the Caucasoid race. To emphasize that they are NOT a race.
posting over and over again about rednecks doesn't make it funnier.
Well the PC police won't care if you make fun of rednecks anyway. Yet another reason to do it!
Funny, I seem to have noticed the majority of people doing yard work and cleaning at homes and businesses look to be Hispanic. So basically, they are stating a known fact. Sorry the media and whiners don't like to hear the truth. Maybe these Mexicans, most of who are not here legally, should head back home so we can hire the unemployed to do the work that "American's won't do".
@black is back: so what your saying is there wouldnt be mass hysteria going on if it were black faces painted on them?
No the majority of Mexican in the US are actually here legally. Get your facts straight.
Gee, college students displaying poor judgement after a party? What a unique situation! Shocking and newsworthy!
LOL....awesome....you go girls!
Really? So since Timothy McVeigh was a random white guy, that means all random white guys are bombers?
The sad part is that the other side will react stereotyping whites as meth consumers. Well, these are signs that you cannot disrespect anyone on this country!
Next time just stick with a toga party ladies. That way you can avoid all the babies, hyper politically correct, and the ignorant.
Are you crazy? A toga party denigrates the Greeks! Can't have that.
Inappropriate and "untrue"? In the spirit of the season, allow me to say: "Ho, Ho, Ho."
On a serious note. According to the classifications of Race, where would black people born in America fall? Certainly not Africans. Africa does not recognize Blacks in America as Africans. So where do Black Americans fit?
Looks like they were having a costum party. We had one a couple of years ago and everyone came dressed up like a pirate. I hope no pirates took offense by it. Get over it already.
Probably the same thing that goes through other ethnicities minds but never gets put on CNN: Hey, let's dress up as a totally different culture and have some fun with it.
It's people like you, who have been raised to feel guilty about the successes of European culture, that sit there and tsk tsk stuff like this because you're too ashamed to have fun with life. Get over yourself.
Enough with this PC hyper sensitive culture. As a woman, should I ask every comedian who wears a dress to apologize for being insensitive to my gender. Lighten up people! We have soliders dying overseas and a President who is burying us with debt. If you are going to whine like a toddle, whine about that.
Send your kids to PSU and this is what they learn! Great.
No, that is what your kids learn growing up in America. Look around.
If Obama had a yard man, he would look like one of them. The O man needs to intervene and have another of his famous teachable moments.
if a sorority at Berkely made fun of rednecks, would that be top news of the day also?
LOL....OH WAIT!! Can I laugh at this?.... : )
Most don't realize the implications in that this does not set any kind of positive example for anyone on either side of the fence, young white females or Latinos needless to say all Americans. Both have fought for freedom in many wars in past to support this country and all people are due the respect of others regardless of race or culture. Yes those girls are having fun but maybe it's also time they understand there are consequences to they're action having the right to do so. In a nut shell it can and does promote racism and hatred maybe at a small level but it's the start. No excuse to degrade anyone.
What a surprise another racist group in the U.S.
The PC 'outrage' is really the sad thing about this. Good grief, leftists have become far too sanctimonious in the last 20 years. Let's not forget that these are 19/20 year olds who are in a sorority. They're having fun being goofs. The next thing you know, the far left whiners will be banning Speedy Gonzalez and Foghorn Leghorn. THAT is what is sickening.
Who cares?
Hey, I'm Mexican and my yard guy is white! As punishment, they should have to let all the hispanic yard guys that work their sorority house trim their bushes.
From MN to Texas Mexicans,,, congrats man... very funny... haha. People need to relax a little. Thanks for a great comment
LOL !!!! What get's me is did you see the clip of the 14 illeagal immagrants piling out of the SUV pulle dover in OK ??? why wasn't there outrage over them making fun of Clowns??? Atleast 3 of those girls look Mexican ( not Hispanic which could mean any country south of the border or in Europe)
These are sorority girls... Doubt they have any bushes:)
LMAO! Great Comment!
Get over your sensitivity. Really
Looks more like they nailed it rather than anything else.
Agreed 100%...I, too, am 'from the inside' but from a different house. The vows taken upon joining a sorority are serious and meaningful and hold you to high standards. This flows into your personal life as well if you are dedicated to a lifetime commitment. Even if your sorority activities lessen after college, the ideals still (should) hold true in your heart. It isn't a matter of free speech – just because you CAN doesn't mean you SHOULD. The signs alone were wrong, plain and simple. These women represent a larger more complex organization and it's members. While their mistake does not represent those of Chi Omega or any other sorority, there is a lesson to be learned by their poor judgement. Search within your hearts ladies and make amends. I could say something more heartfelt, but then I would be sharing my secret vows...Know you are loved regardless and rise above this ladies.
This was definitely in poor taste. There is no excusing that. Should it be some huge uproar though? No. Just roll your eyes at their stupidity and move on with our lives which are hopefully more respectable than these geniuses.
Shouldn't they have to learn a lesson?
Lots of people.
Absolutely correct. Soldiers venting, releasing anxiety and other emotional/psychological tension is just as understandable as these 'sorority girls' just doing dumb things. I do not intend that statement faceiously. One might argue that soldiers doing crazy things is more understandable given the high-stakes tension inherent in what they do. These girls are not in an environment where high-velocity projectiles and high impact explosives are a daily threat.
Relax People. Very distasteful, very insensitive, but this is NOT racist! Do I like it? NO! I think it is stupid and very ignorant. But the need to issue an apology? I think people need to relax don't be so quick to judge. By the way, do any of these young women realize that when they graduate they may go to job interviews where the hiring manager will be an American of Mexican heritage?
Hilarious girls. Everyone else, get over it. It looks like free speech to me. This PC is a cancer on our society.
Stupidity often looks like free speech to ones comrades.
Stupidity often looks like over ambitious righteousness to everybody
Right, totally in perspective.
Let's ignore 10-20 years of Ron Sandusky (after all, it was football), but go completely ballistic over some sorority girls.
People, a little balance please.
Well done.
Likely will go the way of casting pearls before swine.
But it is an awfully good try.
I think the way these things are taken depends on who says it. Comedians on SNL, Key and Peele and shows on Comedy Central and all kinds of cartoons such as Family Guy and Boondocks make racial jokes all the time. It is funny then, but when so call normal people do it, it is offensive. As a African American, I don't really get angry with anything anymore. There are going to be ignorant people everywhere and there is nothing I can do about it so I don't waste my time on getting angry. More people should follow suit.
To some extent I agree with you, and as a civil society we should be able to move beyond this. Or rather, we shouldn't be making light of these stereotypes anymore. But being apathetic just gives a dangerous license to those who don't merely mean certain actions as a joke. In other words, if no one speak out about it, it can only get worse.
I understand the "don't feed the trolls" mantra, but sometimes (such as with these girls), there needs to be a public shaming.
So who's upset here? Mexicans, or some white leftist urbanites with their little feelings and sensitivities and little – well, I'll stop there.
According to the story, at least one campus Latino group's leader was upset. Everything does not have to be left or right. You are obviously out in wingnut land.
I have two words for this article.....memin pinguin. This is a cartoon character that holds a striking resemblence to little black sambo. Mexico was called on the carpet about this and their response was, it is a part of their heratige and they will continue to print this cartoon character. So, tell me why they can offend and expect to receive respect. So quick to get upset over what others are doing to them yet they have no sympathy about what they are doing to others. Sounds like they are saying "do what I say not what I do".
nothing but quality white people at Penn State.
People need to get a grip. Almost all humor is based on sterotypes, including when a black comedian does a nasal twang of a white guy....and everybody laughs. Cheech Marin made a living out of sterotyping his Mexican background. This outrage is just silly and only teaches (one would hope) people to not post pictures to public websites.
Is this a Republican sorority?
Are "Mexicans" a race? The Jews? "Indians?
People are too sensitive these days. They mean no harm.
AS you can see, it is obvious why over 50% of all college graduates are unemployable. Not because they smoke weed. Because they are stupid enough to post of themselves bragging about it. The average college student is totally stupid and most companies know that.
These young women are within their right to free speech and expression. Many may or may not have an opinion on this as in the same way it may bother some and not others. Living in this Country we ALL enjoy these same rights and freedoms. Its about time folks concern themselves with more important issues than this. I fought and continue to serve this Country for their benefit, for mine and for those of you reading this. Lets laugh more, work harder to get along, strive to educate our youth (at a more reasonable cost) and push our elected officials to fix our economy.
You're right. We should work to get along with each other. When are these young ladies going to start? Yes, they have the right to be racist, but I also have a right to call them out on it. They should be ashamed, if they were just drunk and stupid. If they are racist, then there is nothing I can do about it, but I sure will point it out often and loudly.
What Outrage? Who? Give me a break! I just wish I could be invited. Sorority Girls Drinking! YES!! College would just not be the same without it.
I found the photo rather amusing. but then again I have a sense of humor and see things as they are and not as I would wish them to be..it's just a bunch of girls having fun. not much different than if they were to have an "Irish" night or an "Asian" themed party..did anyone but me notice there seems to be a "Latina" sitting to the left of the sign that states they will mow for beer or weed? how about the Asian girl to the far left? would I be offended as an American of Irish ancestry if they were all dressed like Leprechauns? with signs stating they would like to discover a "Pot" of "Gold"...no..no I wouldn't Because it's a stereotype..thats all..doesn't mean it true. if it did bother me I would have many more fights to fight because stereotypes are everywhere. there's even a car dealership in my town that uses the Leprechauns image for their Mascot.. How about Norte Dame? whats their mascot again.??. get over it. your too PC and take yourselves way too seriously..
Let's face it, this age group is not renown for it's great decision-making ability. Additionally, am I the only one to notice at least 3 Asian-looking students in the picture? The photo is not of the best quality. There may be other races/ethnicities represented in the photo that I simply cannot discern.
I merely point this out to those who call out regarding diversity and racism and such.
The difference between them and real mexicans is that the real ones work on their feet rather than their backs (don't complain about being all pc n'that, they did it, they want us to have thick skin, they can take it).
I can understand where there's a problem, if the "soror's" did it to express hatred of other people. I think we're confusing hatred with humor. Lisa Lamponelli(comedianne) does entire stand-up routines based on ethnic/racial jokes. Ethnic jokes are funny; whether they're about blacks, whites, mexicans, etc. I think we're becoming too sensitive. People have far greater issues to address than that of who's making fun of their cultures. We're turning into a society of people, who walk on egg shells around each other. This, I think, weakens us.
Woody: I suppose if these girls had dressed up as wounded veterans and held up signs like: "We're sad people who won't do anything with the rest of our lives", you might have an angry reaction? Would that cross the PC line for you?
I'm not even remotely Mexican or Latino and I found that photo offensive. This kind of boorish behavior needs to be discouraged because what goes around comes around. You, Woody, might be ok with the slur here but one day you won't be. The answer? None of it is ok.
The apple does not fall far from the tree. For better or worse, they are the children of their parents.
I notice 2 asian college women in this photo. I guess they are also the "children of their parents", from whom they learned to be racist against mexicans? This is the proverbial molehill made into a mountain.
We have two parts in this story...those who think it was just a joke and party in which they were mocking the hispanics, but in particular those who are from mexico...It would have probably been ok and funny just for them to put on the sombreros and ponchos...but when it comes to the message they displayed it turns the whole story around...yes we live in a free country where we have freedom of speech and thats great, but we have to be aware how we affect others..we already live in world thats full of violence and hatre among others, why provoke more problems..Cutting the yards..working in the fields is a descent job..its better than stealing..those girls who particiapte in the picture might be eating tomatoes form a mexican who picked them out in the fields..we are no one to judge others...mexicans are great hardworking persons..yes there are bad ones...but bad persons are everywhere..the criminals are not just mexicans...just hope everything gets cleared up apologize if there intention was to offened and those offened forgive...if it was not there intention and there was a story behind it..just clear it up and explain what happened
Looks like they are just acting like typical college age girls. No harm no foul. Let's move on.
I find it offensive that you find this offensive......relax, it's all good, no need to apologize.
The people who are upset don't know who made them upset. It's a trick question that only a buddhist can answer.
They are drunk girls, give em a break, it's not like they beat each other to death in a bus, just for fun, or murdered everyone who opposes drugs as a viable business.
They have an Asian in the clan. What's the problem?
That's funny.
Racism is ugly and parents of all races continue to teach their children that it is OK to be racist. Just walk down a populated street or sit in a restaurant for a while and listen to what people say about each other. It is horrible. Some of the stuff they say, it is like listening to stereotype jokes, only they are totally serious and really believe the jokes. Ignorant....SMH....
Sigh, this is not racism.
It is Bigotry.
No one cares about this. This story will be forgotten in a day.
"Our chapter of Chi Omega sincerely apologizes for [being caught] portraying inappropriate and untrue stereotypes," [which we laughed hysterically about all night and every time we looked at this group photo we took
the fact that this is headline news is a complete joke
edit: "Beliefs"
What kind? The bigot who voted for the "White" guy mostly because he's white and hides behind his BS conservative agenda instead of admitting that he's a racist to the core and that's part of what really drives his political believes. The same people who despise social programs not because it helps fellow American's but because it mostly helps poorer minorities that he considers less than himself and less of an American. Tell me Republican's; How many racists and members of hate groups out there are registered Democrats? Do you really believe a racist skinhead will vote for a liberal? What weed are you smoking?
when people in other countries dress up as "americans" with cowboy hats and cowboy boots is anybody offended? i dont think mexicans are offended by them wearing panchos and such. it is the signs that take it too far, for me.
First Mexican is not a race so the story at the start that says shows racism towards mexiacans is wrong. Is it offensive to Puurto Rican's Columbians' people form Hondourus, from Guatamala, Dominican Republc.
These girls are gross. I hope they are ashamed and embarrassed.
And to people babbling about free speech, obviously free speech is protected and these dumb girls are perfectly free to make fools of themselves. However, saying and doing stupid things can still have consequences.
What are you talking about? Your reply is a non sequiter; the only relationship seems to be that you both said "Mexican" and "Christian".
To riff on your admonishment to get educated - learn to read.
The only thing offensive is the terrible name choice. "Chi Omega" LOL.
Is this any different from having a 1920's themed 'gangster' party, a Hawaiian themed party etc. Come on, how absurd. Lots of smoke but no fire here people, move along, there's other comment sections that are way more interesting and controversial. In case someone makes the FALSE assumption that this is racism, lets point out that 'Mexican' is not a race.
I like it. Why are Mexicans ashamed of their Heritage? Have you ever traveled to Mexico? Or East LA? Right on target. What a fun party.
Well, I think you should not use that name as it apparently does not fit! See, it is not the "theme" or the costumes that are offensive. But I won't bother going into trying to explain what is because it will be pointless. I'm sure (hope) that eventually you'll figure it out.
Maybe the over weight girls should be mad. There are no over weight girls in this photo.
Uh, what's so offensive about this? It's college kids being stupid. UNACCEPTABLE! Everyone should behave with tact and sensitivity at all times...regardless of whether or not you've got a blood-alcohol level pushing 3 times the legal limit. Get a grip. Anyone offended by this needs to identify themselves immediately so I can punch you in the face.
Bring it!
'Mexicans' are not a race.
So now no one is free to poke fun at anyone. What happened to freedom of speech? Has anyone seen how people in other countries portray Americans? They don't poke fun at us, they want us dead. When will yall recognize we are being attacked from within. I challenge anyone to tell me I can't speak my mind.
Freedom of responsible speech lives on.
Bigots will still be pointed out.
Hope that helps.
"Responsible" speech? The first amendment makes no such qualifications. People are free to speak their mind, and other are free to disagree. But don't try to make it sound like only certains kinds of speech are allowed.
Nope. Sorry but responsible speech is defined and upheld by the highest court in the land.
Try again.
Jeff S:
What on Earth are you talking about?
Their free speech is protected. That doesn't mean there are never any consequences, which is the part you obviously don't understand.
What are you babbling about? Their speech is protected. But sometimes there are consequences to saying stupid things. It's not that hard to understand.
Anyone not understanding "Responsible Speech" is ignorant of laws of the land.
If you would like a lesson, I would suggest an easy extreme. Walk up to your nearest law enforcement offices and proclaim loudly that you intend to end his/her life in a violent manner. Please be as graphic as possible and do this in front of as many witnesses as possible.
Shawn, please get new parts for your head. It might help you to learn how to read.
Ummm, they're not going to be arrested.
They are perfectly free to make fools of themselves. HOWEVER free speech doesn't mean there are NO CONSEQUENCES to ignorant hate speech.
Also it's totally irrelevant what other countries do. These girls have embarrassed themselves and their school.
No one is going to jail Texan...but one has to face consequences when using our cvaluable right of free speech!!
Very nice and easy transition you made there. Completely the same. Sorority girls to clansman. Flawless
It looks like it was a fun party with a bunch of girls in party hats, no different than having Italian dinner night except that they don't run with big hats. The main issue, which I assume they thought was humerous, is the two girls with the signs in front, referring to use of an illegal drug and if they are under 21, illegal use of alcohol. I agree that they should explain themselves to their parents, because if the signs indicate their activities interest at colleg, the parents are wasting their money. So except for those two, it looks like a bunch of girls having a party, and taking a photo which ends up splashed all over the Internet, and in this article. There's an issue to discuss with these girls, how posting pictures will follow you forever.
So if a girl in school is drinking alcohol you are wasting your money. Wow, so are most parents wasting money with sending them to college because many of the students drink. I don't think i am wasting my money when she comes out and has that college degree and gets her a nice job. I should have saved my money and had a girl that goes and works at Walmart after she sat around her entire life and never gets past a cashier. Forget about at the end of four years they have a college education the fact that they have a few drinks is wasting money. COME ON
I would comment, but I'm white and I'm not allowed to have an opinion on racial issues.
It is offending as a whole. Take out the signs and it is just another Mexican themed party, not a big deal to me. It is possible the signs where added for the photo more about the students use of alcohol and drugs not referring to Mexicans. But come on girls...think before you snap that shot, I mean there are 30 of you there. Also, why apologize to all Latinos? This is a Mexican look alike party.
Yea, they did, they just don't want some pervert republican dictating what they can and can't do with their bodies.
I am latino, and the only stereotype I see in the signs is about mexicans mowing the grass, which I don't see it as a big thing. The girls (seem to me) meant to say that they would do it for weed and beer. Like many university kids, they keep telling jokes about how much they like their beer and marijuana. I don't think they are referring to mexicans but to themselves.
No issue here. There must not be any news if this is what we have to read.
LOLOL, looks like fun!! All I got to say is, I hope they do it again, and I could care less if people are offended. It's funny, mexicans can use that humor, and they do all the time in their jokes, stereo type jokes, but oh my, a white person doing it, now that is racist. (rolls eyes)
Funny picture! It's making fun of a stereotype. People are just too weak nowadays and can't take a joke.
It seems like today one can only be a racist if they are white. It's really funny how white guilt has turned against us.
I don't feel guilty for being white at all. I'm proud to be white, for the simple reason that that is who I am, white, male, 5 foot.........you get the point. Blacks, mexicans, asians, they can say whaterver they want, I don't really care, I"m not racist, I didn't do those things, I didn't support those things, and their people did it to, so, yeah, what do I have to feel guilty about?
As a black man I doubt you really want me to hit home with the stereotypes about the multi-issues of whites throughout this nation.
Pride in skin color? What a quality human being...
Being white is completely incidental to your life. It only matters what a person does.
Is it really necessary to point out that you're not responsible for any of the problems white people caused historically? You must be a really insecure individuals.
But your priceless moment was "...they did it too!"


text:
I don't really have much to say today, but just wanted to post this clip.This ending is my favourite of any film. The song is one of my favourites, a classic. The Perks of Being a Wallflower is one of my favourite films of all time.
I even have a lame drawing on my wall of this quote:
I love this quote more every time I look at it. I want more moments like that, with people I actually care about. Just those little moments, sitting in the park at night… staying up talking instead of sleeping… listening to that song and screaming because it's "your song." Gah, there are people I hate to think about, but you can't help remember the fun you had with them. And I suppose that's better than having nothing.
It's moments when I look at the stars and it's funny. I feel so small and insignificant that I feel infinite. It doesn't really make sense. But, in the grand scheme of how small we are in comparison to the universe, I feel like I am limitless. My tiny, minuscule part in time is so small that, why should I have any limits? Why shouldn't I feel infinite?


text:
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Planning & Review mechanism
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text:
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text:
Ajai Raj is an experienced journalist specializing in health and science reporting, with a knack for making complex concepts simple to understand. He is also a skilled editor and copyeditor, with extensive proofreading and fact-checking experience. He is a graduate of the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism in New York and the University of Texas at Austin.
Welcome to my longer, first-person bio. My name is Ajai Raj, and I've been working as a freelance journalist for a little over five years now, with a particular focus on science, health, and medicine. I enjoy taking complex concepts and making them both simple to understand and entertaining to read.
I graduated from the CUNY Graduate School of Journalism in New York City in 2013 with an MA in health and science reporting. During that time I interned at COSMOS, a science magazine in Sydney, Australia, as well as at Popular Science. Subsequent to those internships, I freelanced for both publications, as well as working stints as a fact-checker for Popular Science.
Within the science and medicine realm, my bread and butter has been writing for medical trade journals across a range of medical specialties, including clinical oncology, gastroenterology, pain medicine, and anesthesiology. Recently my beat has expanded to include climate change and other general interest science stories, as well.
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Like any good mercenary, my skills are your assets, for the right price. If you'd like to work together, please get in touch: ajairaj [at] gmail [dot] com.
Good night, and godspeed.


text:
Of all the multi-purpose products out there, I can think of only three that I would wholeheartedly recommend. Leatherman multi-tools, GT85 cleaner and lube, and now 303 Aerospace Protectant. Before we go into the details, I would like to cover a few of the high points. First this is not a petroleum based product, so over spray is easy to clean off. Second, it is a rubber protectant not a rubber shiner like Tire Wet. Finally best of all, this can be used on composite materials that do not have properly stabilized resins to prevent UV and Ozone oxidation. Keep in mind no product can truly restore a tire. Once it has cracked it is cracked. The key is protecting them and preventing future damage. 303 is considered by many users to be one of the best, despite being an obscure name in the car world. It has been used extensively on heavy trucks, RVs, and aircraft and is a highly regarded product in these communities. Finding it locally can be a challenge. West Marine carries it at selected locations. The best price that I could currently find was on Amazon: 303 Aerospace Protectant.
Recently we have seen a new comer to the Volvo tuner world with I-Roll Tuning introducing the entry level ECU tune for several popular Volvos. Often we hear about amazing gains from a simple upgrade such a new ECU but you have to take these claims with a grain of salt. IPD and PES are time proven companies, but what about a relatively new company like I-Roll Tuning. The owner of the company Phil is well known around the Volvo forum MVS. Having a background in the community is a great base, and shows a commitment to quality and customer support. Looking a little deeper I was able to come up with some dyno graphs of the I-Roll Tuning chip in action.
We all know the painful sound of a rock pinging off a freshly painted car. Unfortunately this is just a fact of life. However, on long road trips we do have some recourse. A common trick for protecting your paint on the way to a car meet, or any road trip, is to tape the hood and air dam with masking tape. Tape sticks to the paint preventing the buffing effect poor fitting bras are known for
When mixed in a 60:1 ratio of fuel to additive the NOS averaged a RON reading of 102.8 and a MON rating of 92.5. Giving NOS in a concentration of 60:1 an AKI of 97.6 when mixed with 93 pump fuel.
When mixed in a 100:1 ratio of fuel to additive the Lucas Octane Boosted averaged a RON reading of 101.4 and a MON rating of 91.8. Giving Lucas in a concentration of 100:1 an AKI of 96.6 when mixed with 93 pump fuel. With a ratio of 100:1 this make Lucas the most concentrated additive.
As with almost all of the boosters tested, more than one bottle is needed to raise the octane of an entire tank any significant amount. Based on the amounts needed, boosting 87 octane to 93 is not cost effective over just purchasing premium from the start. To boost to 98 AKI from 93 on most tanks would require over 6 bottles. This level of additive is never recommended.
Torco advertises that it can raise 93 pump to 107 when used in the highest concentrations. Tested in the highest recommended mixture we saw an AKI of ~99 though a secondary testing method. 8 full points from 107 if you assume Torco was implying 107 AKI and not 107 RON. This would mean it was raising 97RON to 107 RON.
Bloxygen is a spray can of common inert gases that is sold for the purpose of preserving varnish and other finishing products after they have been opened and partially used. It works in two ways. First by adding a layer of heavier inert gas between the left over finish in the can and air trapped in the can. The second benefit is that is displaces trapped air that can hold moisture. This is very important when trying to preserve hydrophilic liquids such as fuels.
While Motul's Moto Wash was originally intended for use on motorcycles, it also makes a great cleaner for below the water line on cars. While diesel fuel is still best for bugs and tar, I find something like Moto Wash better on brake dust, general caked on mud, or that fine white powder that driving on gravel roads leaves. It is also perfect for cleaning the engine where oil makes traditional cleaners worthless.
This soap worked better than the Eagle One Pro-Detail soap I previously reviewed and at least as well as the Zymol soap I have been previously using. With just 1oz I was able to wash our tow vehicle, a 13,000lb GMC Topkick. The soap did not seem to strip the existing wax, and lifted dirt without any signs of friction. While I did not test the claim of reduced water spots, I did not notice any which is saying a lot with black vehicles in the Florida sun. If this soap is available at your local auto store, TRY IT!


text:
After years of homeschooling, Maggie is starting high school. It's pretty terrifying.
Maggie's big brothers are there to watch her back, but ever since Mom left it just hasn't been the same.
Besides her brothers, Maggie's never had any real friends before. Lucy and Alistair don't have lots of friends either. But they eat lunch with her at school and bring her along on their small-town adventures.
Missing mothers...distant brothers...high school...new friends... It's a lot to deal with. But there's just one more thing.
(Summary from GoodReads)
Ever since reading Anya's Ghost I've come to have high expectations regarding any graphic novel published by First Second. Friends with Boys actually felt a tad reminiscent of Anya's Ghost, only because both stories had spooky elements. Friends with Boys was a wholly enjoyable novel and, like Anya's Ghost, I finished thinking I would have been happy to read more of it.
The characters and setting in this book are really well done, which made Friends with Boys feel like a flashback to my own high school experience. Lucy and Alistair are both quirky people, the type I might have been friends with in high school. I think the illustrative style helped as well—I always knew what the characters were thinking and feeling.
Friends with Boys has an enjoyable story to it. The storyline is complex, but I can see how even a reader going into middle school could pick up, comprehend, and relate to this story just as much as a high schooler. The ghost storyline felt a little reminiscent of Anya's Ghost, but it tied together nicely in the end. Readers who can't get enough of graphic novels with a creepy twist will love this one.
Disclosure: I received a copy of this book in exchange for a fair and honest review.