text:
- Research article
- Open Access
A fragile metabolic network adapted for cooperation in the symbiotic bacterium Buchnera aphidicola
- Gavin H Thomas†1Email author,
- Jeremy Zucker†2,
- Sandy J Macdonald1,
- Anatoly Sorokin3,
- Igor Goryanin3 and
- Angela E Douglas1, 4Email author
© Thomas et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009
- Received: 10 July 2008
- Accepted: 21 February 2009
- Published: 21 February 2009
In silico analyses provide valuable insight into the biology of obligately intracellular pathogens and symbionts with small genomes. There is a particular opportunity to apply systems-level tools developed for the model bacterium Escherichia coli to study the evolution and function of symbiotic bacteria which are metabolically specialised to overproduce specific nutrients for their host and, remarkably, have a gene complement that is a subset of the E. coli genome.
We have reconstructed and analysed the metabolic network of the γ-proteobacterium Buchnera aphidicola (symbiont of the pea aphid) as a model for using systems-level approaches to discover key traits of symbionts with small genomes. The metabolic network is extremely fragile with > 90% of the reactions essential for viability in silico; and it is structured so that the bacterium cannot grow without producing the essential amino acid, histidine, which is released to the insect host. Further, the amount of essential amino acid produced by the bacterium in silico can be controlled by host supply of carbon and nitrogen substrates.
This systems-level analysis predicts that the fragility of the bacterial metabolic network renders the symbiotic bacterium intolerant of drastic environmental fluctuations, whilst the coupling of histidine production to growth prevents the bacterium from exploiting host nutrients without reciprocating. These metabolic traits underpin the sustained nutritional contribution of B. aphidicola to the host and, together with the impact of host-derived substrates on the profile of nutrients released from the bacteria, point to a dominant role of the host in controlling the symbiosis.
- Metabolic Network
- Flux Balance Analysis
- Symbiotic Bacterium
- Reaction Graph
Obligately intracellular bacteria with very small genomes (< 1 Mb) include important pathogens and required symbionts of parasites and disease vectors [1]. Many are intractable to traditional methods of analysis because they are unculturable and cannot be manipulated genetically. Despite this, informed hypotheses can be constructed from systems-level in silico analysis of those bacteria for which full genome sequences are available. In particular, insight into the metabolic capabilities of these bacteria can be obtained from the construction and analysis of metabolic models generated from the inventory of genes with function in metabolism. Of the various methods available, constraints-based modelling using flux balance analysis (FBA) has particular application because it reconstructs flux through metabolism without requiring kinetic or other detailed information on the function of individual metabolic enzymes [2]. Instead, each metabolite is assumed to be in steady-state (i.e. the fluxes producing the metabolite and consuming it are equal), and flux is optimised to a desired output, also known as the objective function, usually biomass production. The purpose of this study was to reconstruct and analyse the metabolic network of an unculturable obligately symbiotic bacterium and, from this, deduce how the bacterium may be controlled by its host. We focused on the bacterium Buchnera aphidicola APS from the pea aphid, which has a 0.64 Mb genome [3]. B. aphidicola provide aphids with essential amino acids (EAAs), nutrients which the insect cannot synthesise de novo and which are in short supply in the diet of plant phloem sap [4]. Remarkably, the gene content of B. aphidicola is a subset of the E. coli K-12 genome [3, 5], allowing nearly all Buchnera gene products to be assigned confident functional assignments. In this way genomic and systems biology tools developed for E. coli can be used to explore the metabolic properties of this symbiotic bacterium [6]. Constraints-based modelling using FBA has been applied to a variety of organisms, from E. coli to humans [7, 8] and various symbiotic bacteria [9, 10] including B. aphidicola. In this study, we have created a high quality manually constructed metabolic model for B. aphidicola that is more biologically realistic than previous studies [e.g. [1, 9, 10]]. In particular, we have imposed the requirements that, first, the cell synthesises the cofactors needed by other enzymes that operate in the network; and, second, EAAs are exported at empirically determined rates. This biologically realistic model provides the basis to assess the genetic robustness of the metabolic network and explore how the sustained release of EAAs is shaped by the structure of the metabolic network and nutrient supply from the insect host.
Results and discussion
The metabolic network of Buchnera aphidicola APS
Topological parameters for the metabolic networks of E. coli and Buchnera APS
Bacterium (model)
Reaction graph
Goodness of fit of node distribution2
Path length1
Compound graph
Reaction graph
Max. path length
No. of unreachable nodes/total no. of nodes (%)
Buchnera iGT196
1.622 (0.448)
2.020 (0.211)
1.700 (0.487)
2.411 (0.115)
2.327 (0.114)
1.701 (0.344)
E. coli iJR904
1.911 (0.222)
1.905 (0.212)
1.622 (0.448)
2.104 (0.127)
2.114 (0.112)
1.623 (0.333)
Analysis of the metabolic model (iGT196) using Flux Balance Analysis
We applied FBA to explore the distribution of metabolite flux across the network, optimised to maximise biomass production. Two novel features were included in our model to promote biological realism. The first, which we term 'cofactor constraints', is the requirement for the cell to synthesise at low levels all the cofactors needed by other enzymes in the network, if it has the pathways available for making these compounds (see Fig. 1 and Additional File 1). This requirement has not been included in multiple previous studies of E. coli metabolic networks, including the published analysis of the iJR904 model [7], resulting in many pathways essential for in vivo viability of E. coli having zero flux in silico. The second modification to the model was the requirement that EAAs are exported. An estimate of EAA export was obtained empirically using the pea aphid-Buchnera symbiosis reared on chemically-defined diets. It varied among the amino acids, from 22% (histidine and tryptophan) to 50% (threonine) of the amount synthesised (see Additional File 2). The FBA model is, consequently, representative of a functional symbiotic bacterium; it is called the 5.21 model (Vgrowth is 5.21, see Additional File 3). For FBA analysis, all reactions in the network were permitted to be active simultaneously. This condition is realistic because B. aphidicola lacks almost completely transcriptional regulation [10, 11] and sequence analysis of enzymes subject to feedback inhibition in E. coli suggests these features have been lost from B. aphidicola [12].
Genetic robustness of the metabolic network for in silico growth
We also analysed single gene deletions by the linear minimisation of metabolic adjustment (linearMOMA) method [13]. This analysis produced the same set of genes as in Fig. 2 and Additional File 4 apart from a requirement for nuo genes (the large changes in the overall pathways fluxes resulting from deletion of nuo genes were not tolerated by linearMOMA (Additional File 4)). Hence, 184 of 196 (~94%) genes in the linearMOMA model for iGT196 are essential for growth, compared to 183 of 904 (~20%) for iJR904; 47 (26%) of the required genes were shared between B. aphidicola (iGT196) and E. coli K-12 (iJR904).
These data demonstrate that APS does not conform to the generality that metabolic networks are complex and robust [14], and suggest that the properties of B. aphidicola are close to those of the postulated minimal metabolic network [15]. The fragility of the metabolic network suggests that B. aphidicola is intolerant, first, of mutations that eliminate metabolic reactions unless that loss is compensated for by enhanced metabolic support from the host, and, second, of drastic changes in conditions, suggesting that the environmental conditions in the symbiosis may be relatively uniform. The condition of B. aphidicola in the symbiosis is consistent with this interpretation. The bacterial cells are restricted to a single insect cell type, the bacteriocyte, the sole function of which appears to be to house and maintain the bacteria; the cytoplasm of the bacteriocyte is packed with bacterial cells, each of which is enclosed by an insect membrane, known as the symbiosomal membrane [4]. The metabolic traits of the bacteriocyte and transport properties of the symbiosomal membrane are predicted to be adapted to support and control the fragile network of these symbiotic bacteria by regulating metabolic flux to the bacteria and the physicochemical conditions experienced by each bacterial cell.
Metabolic adaptation of APS for the symbiotic function of EAA production
An extension of the hypothesis above is that the profile of EAAs released from APS is responsive to the nutritional inputs from the host cell. These computed flux changes are unlikely to be dampened or prevented in vivo because the APS network has very little redundancy and is not subject to transcriptional or post-translational controls [10–12]. It is known that the EAA production by B. aphidicola varies with host demand, as dictated primarily by dietary supply of amino acids [4]. The in silico analysis reported here suggests that the supply of key precursors across the symbiosomal membrane may be sufficient to regulate EAA export from the bacteria. Ongoing research is exploring how the individual carbon and nitrogen sources influence the pattern of flux through the different EAA biosynthetic pathways. Intra- and inter-specific variation in aphid dietary requirements for EAAs has been reported [4, 16]. Although some of this variation may be attributed to the gene complement of different strains of B. aphidicola, the results in Fig. 3A raise the possibility that the differences in the metabolic and transport properties of the host bacteriocyte may also play a key role in determining the EAA profile released from B. aphidicola in different aphids.
Truncation of the purine biosynthesis pathway in the APS network couples bacterial growth to EAA production
Visual inspection of the APS metabolic network revealed a particularly interesting feature, namely the proximal truncation of the purine biosynthesis pathway (Fig. 1 and 3B). In E. coli and many other bacteria, the histidine and purine biosynthesis pathways are linked via an intermediate, AICAR, which recycles the backbone of the ATP molecule used in a proximal reaction of the histidine biosynthetic pathway (Fig. 1 and 3B). Both pathways start with PRPP and in E. coli flux through the purine pathway is 3–4 times greater than through the histidine pathway [17]. In APS, AICAR (and not PRPP) is the precursor for purine synthesis (Fig. 3B), and generation of AICAR at sufficient rates to meet the purine requirements of B. aphidicola depends on high flux from PRPP through the histidine biosynthesis pathway. The truncated AICAR-dependent purine biosynthesis is also found in Blochmannia, a related intracellular bacterium that may also overproduce EAAs [1], but a cross-genome analysis of purine biosynthesis genes performed using PhydBac [18] revealed no other bacteria with this truncation. This apparently unique coupling predicts that production of the EAA histidine is essential for purine biosynthesis. The absolute connection between the two pathways was confirmed by examining the flux correlations of both pathways (see Additional File 5).
To assess whether we could model the evolution of the reduced Buchnera network with this key interdependence, we adopted an established procedure using E. coli iJR904 as an approximation to the ancestral non-symbiotic metabolic network [19] and applied a sequential gene deletion method to evolve organisms with the same metabolic outputs as iGT196. A total of 214 genes were retained in all of the 500 simulations performed, comprising 148 (76%) of the 196 genes in iGT196 and a further 66 genes absent from iGT196 (Additional File 6). Neither this study nor Pal et al. (2006) could replicate the proximal truncation of the purine biosynthetic pathway (Fig. 3B). Whilst the greedy algorithm and sampling numbers used by Pal et al., (2006) and herein potentially limit the full interpretation of this experiment, it is clear that, unlike the evolutionary loss of various other metabolic genes, the truncation of the purine pathway was an improbable evolutionary step. To our knowledge, this type of host-symbiont linkage has not been described previously for any symbiosis. There is, however, evidence for coupling of the metabolism of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and the surrounding plant cells in legume root nodules, such that rhizobial access to host amino acids is dependent on the release of the nitrogen-fixation product, ammonia [20]. Further research on the interface between the metabolic networks of B. aphidicola and its host may reveal similar couplings between nutrient supply to B. aphidicola and bacterial overproduction of EAAs. Such couplings would preclude the evolution of bacteria with reduced export of EAAs, despite the evidence that EAA export is a costly trait for B. aphidicola (when FBA is repeated in conditions where EAA export was removed, biomass production increased by 7% from 5.21 to 5.58 units). The metabolic coupling is in the selective interest of the B. aphidicola. Because B. aphidicola is an obligately vertically transmitted microbe with a small effective population size, any short-term growth advantage of reduced EAA export to the host would rapidly translate into depressed fitness of both the host and its bacterial complement.
Systems level in silico analysis has shed light on the evolution and function of a symbiotic bacterium with a small genome. From the properties of the reconstructed metabolic network of B. aphidicola, adaptations for the symbiotic lifestyle can be identified. The fragile metabolic network suggests that the symbiotic environment is benign and not subject to drastic fluctuations, and host controls over bacterial metabolism are indicated by the responsiveness of the essential amino acid profile released from the bacteria to the host supply of carbon and nitrogen substrates. The coupling of purine synthesis (and hence sustained bacterial growth) to the overproduction of histidine transferred to the host is potentially one route by which this bacterium is bound to the cooperative lifestyle. Systems level analysis of other taxa will establish the generality of these key traits of metabolic fragility, flexibility and coupling among symbiotic bacteria with reduced genomes.
Description of the iGT196 model
The iGT196 model comprised a subset of E. coli K-12 iJR904 model [7] derived by eliminating all reactions coded by genes without homology in APS or present in APS but either not connected to the biomass reaction (apaH, gloB, lig, gltX, suhB, mutT) or representing isolated enzymes in missing pathways (serC, fabB, fabG, fabI, gltX and hemC). Other reactions supported by experimental evidence were added (indicated by 'inferred' in Additional File 3). These are transaminase reactions (VALTA, PHETA1, LEUTAi, ILETA) assumed to be present in B. aphidicola because the amino acids that these reactions are involved in synthesising are made in B. aphidicola APS; the initial step in the isoleucine biosynthesis pathway (THRD_L), which has been detected in isolated extracts of B. aphidicola APS (Douglas, A.E, unpublished results); the true 'orphan' (PMDPHT, for which no encoding gene is known in E. coli); and one spontaneous reaction (HCO3E). Pathways and reactions were checked using the EcoCyc Pathway/Genome database [21]. Mapping of genes used reciprocal BLAST searches to identify orthologues present in both bacteria, the results of which are available in Buchnera BASE [6]. The model has been submitted in SBML to the BioModels database http://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels/ with accession number MODEL7434234848. The reconstruction is also available in Buchnera Cyc http://www.buchneracyc.org a BioCyc genome/pathway database created and adopted for this project using the Pathologic software [22]. The reactions and metabolites present in iGT196 are provided in Additional File 3.
The biomass reaction for the model was derived from that used in iJR904 which was based on experimental data for E. coli K-12[7]. The coefficients for EAAs were modified to include empirical data for EAA export from B. aphidicola to the aphid (Additional File 2) and the ratios of the four different deoxynucleotide triphosphates required for growth were changed to reflect the GC content of the Buchnera genome (26.4%) compared to E. coli K-12 (50.8%).
The flux balance analysis (FBA) was performed using the Fluxor toolkit, which uses linear optimization algorithms provided by the GLPK and OOQP toolkits. The Fluxor software is freeware available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/fluxor. The 5.21 model provides glucose and mannitol as carbon sources and glutamine, glutamate and aspartate as nitrogen sources and precursors for biosynthesis (Additional File 3). The insect cells bearing Buchnera are well-tracheated indicating that oxygen supply to Buchnera is not a constraint and hence the model operates using an aerobic respiratory chain. Identical data were also obtained by analysing the model using the COBRA software [13].
Analysis of network properties
The metabolic network of Buchnera was represented as a directed bipartite graph G = (C, R, L), where C is a set of nodes representing compounds (metabolites), R is a set of nodes representing reactions and L is a set of directed links, i.e. an ordered pair of nodes from one C to one R. Compound c i is involved in reaction r j if and only if there is link between node c i and r j . This directed graph is referred to as the "reaction graph". The reaction graph can also be simplified by removing all reaction nodes and replacing them with links connecting each substrate with all its products [23, 24]. These reduced graphs are referred as "compound graphs" as only the compound nodes remain. We created reaction graphs without taking into account subcellular localisation and diffusion and transport reactions. For the analysis of the network properties, we have removed the currency metabolites H2O, ATP, NADH, NAD, NADPH, NADP, O2, ADP, PI, COA, CO2, PPI, NH4, AMP and H. We used a maximum likelihood approach [25] to fit the distribution of both the in- and out-degree to a power law. Analysis was performed using a Java application based upon the JUNG graph Java library http://jung.sourceforge.net/ and is available from the authors email@example.com upon request. The network diameter is the maximal length of the shortest path between two reachable nodes in the network. Calculation of the shortest path between two compounds using the reaction graph considers the two links that join two compounds to a reaction as a single link. We used a maximum likelihood approach [25] to fit the distribution of both the in- and out-degree to a power law for both iJR904 and iGT196. This approach differs from a recent analysis [24] in which the data were binned with the first three bins combined before fitting to power law by least squares using a log/log plot. For each pair of compound nodes in the reaction graph shortest path distance was calculated by breadth-first search. Where no path existed between two nodes, the pair was marked as unreachable.
Fragility analysis
For the fragility analysis the 5.21 FBA model for iGT196 was used as the starting point. Using FBA, we simulated the consequences of making individual reactions within the model have zero flux and recorded the Vgrowth of the resulting mutant (Additional File 4). We investigated a variety of different cut-offs for essentiality, ranging from 1% to 99% which did not give very different results (97 to 84% essential for iGT196 and 23 to 19% essential for iJR904). For the iJR904 mode we simulated aerobic growth on a glucose minimal medium. We also performed a similar single gene deletion analysis of the iGT196 model and of the iJR904 model using the COBRA toolbox FBA software as described previously [13]. Two methods were used for calculation of resultant relative growth rates: standard FBA and linearMOMA [13].
Impact of nutrient inputs on EAA release
The two models used were: carbon-limited (upper limits for uptake of amino acids aspartate, glutamate and glutamine at 500, and carbon sources glucose and mannitol at 100 and 50, respectively) and nitrogen-limited (upper limit for amino acid uptake at 100, and glucose and mannitol uptake at 500 and 250, respectively). Uptake of nitrogen sources in the nitrogen-limited model and of carbon sources in the carbon-limited model were maximal.
Evolution of minimal metabolic networks
The evolution of minimal networks were simulated by the methods of Pal et al., (2006) with the biomass reactions from iGT196 and iJR904, both with riboflavin included in the biomass reaction (as in Pal et al., (2006)). Initial FBA analysis using iJR904 modified to have the biomass reaction from iGT196 did not produce a feasible solution because the biosynthetic pathways to biotin and thiamine diphosphate were incomplete. Both of these cofactors were added to iGT196 as 'cofactor constraints' and were absent from the original iJR904 biomass reaction which lacked these additional criteria for growth. Therefore we added an efflux reaction for S-adenosyl-4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate (amob) and for 4-hydroxy-benzyl alcohol (4 hba) which are produced but not consumed in the biotin and thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis pathways, respectively, and also an uptake reaction for pimeloyl-CoA (pmcoa) which is consumed but not produced during biotin biosynthesis. The analysis was performed as described previously [19] using the Fluxor software running on Orchestra (a 100-node cluster) and was repeated 500 times.
We thank E. Gündüz for technical support and BBSRC (AED, SJM), University of Edinburgh (IG) and University of York Anniversary Lectureship (GHT) for financial support.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Wrist pain can be caused by disease or injury affecting any aspect of the wrist joint, including the bones, ligaments, and connective tissue surrounding the area. Joint pain is medically known as arthralgia. Pain is a feature of joint inflammation (arthritis) that may occur in the wrist. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common types of arthritis to occur in the wrist. Repetitive-motion injuries can cause pain in the wrist and hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an impingement on the median nerve in the area of the wrist that can cause numbness, tingling, and eventually pain or cramping in the hand. Trauma or injuries such as strains and sprains can also cause wrist pain. De Quervain's disease is an inflammation of the tendons that begins in the thumb and extends to the wrist; this condition is another potential cause of wrist pain. Tumors of the bones or other structures in the hand are a very rare cause of wrist pain.
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- ibuprofen (Advil, Children's Advil/Motrin, Medipren, Motrin, Nuprin, PediaCare Fever, and others)
- naproxen (Aleve, Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn)
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subset: commoncrawl


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|Blackmarket - Jaffa, September 2009
26th of
September, 2009
The Jewish-Arabic Center in Jaffa, 109 Kedem Street
Free admission to the event. No advance booking.
A Production of the Center for Digital Art, AYAM –
Recognition and
Supported by the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the framework of the German-Arab cultural initiative Hiwaruna.
The Israel Lottery Council for Culture and Art.
Special thanks to the Polish Institute in Tel Aviv and Nir Turk, and the Adam Mickiewicz Institute and Katarzyna Wielga.
Concept & space: Mobile Academy
Project director: Eyal Danon


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Studios Paris' particular fondness of the spectacular world of Architecture, Design and Aesthetics has sent us on a Christmas quest for beauty in the realms of the City of Lights. Enjoy our fairy-tale journey through time with some of Paris' most spectacular monuments…
For hundreds of years Paris has served as a genuine "research lab" where pioneering architects have come to experiment with their ideas. This has ultimately fashioned the French capital into a city which has bit of everything. If you looked around, you would grasp the presence of different epochs coexisting harmoniously in the city's Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Neo-Classical, Art Nouveau and Contemporary Architecture styles.
Compared with most metropolitan cities, however, Paris remains a historic city – and it's exactly this approach to cherishing and treasuring the past which has turned it into one of the most visited and loved cities in the world.
Historically speaking, Paris can be divided into four architectural periods: Roman, Medieval, Renaissance and Classical.
Symmetrical and organized, Roman architecture is easily recognized by its columns giving its buildings a majestic, dominating feeling. Throughout the Medieval period Paris became maze-like, disorganized and claustrophobic. With no layout plan for the city, buildings were erected chaotically and streets were narrow and unplanned. In the course of the Renaissance period Paris copied the architecture of others, rather than developing its proper style. Inspired by the Italian Renaissance, it favored symmetrical and proportional design, very much like in Roman architecture. The proper Parisian architectural style began to elaborate when singularity and elegance were added to the uniformity and proportion of both Ancient and Renaissance styles. This was the birth of French classicism, which stroke a balance between tradition and innovation, continuity and variety. Established in the 1600s, the French Classical style made Paris renowned for its architecture, which has since been celebrated throughout the world.
Now, let's hop on the magical Christmas sleigh and enjoy our fairy-tale ride through time by swishing past some of Paris' most spectacular monuments…
Musée de Cluny (Ancient Roman)
Very little remains from the Ancient Roman heritage which actually engendered today's city of Paris. However, the Musée de Cluny is one rare and beautiful example of this lost era. This medieval monastery built on top of a Roman baths complex (fragments of which are still noticeable on the grounds outside and in the vast conserved frigidarium (cold-water bath), houses a selection of significant medieval artifacts, such as medieval sculptures, antique furnishings, illuminated manuscripts and the the 15th century tapestry cycle The Lady and the Unicorn.
The Notre-Dame Cathedral (Gothic)
Built between 1163 and 1250, the Notre-Dame Cathedral is an archetypical Gothic cathedral. Its key Gothic features comprise of pinnacled flying buttresses, a trio of France's best rose windows, vaulted ceilings, portal carvings and of course, its iconic gargoyles.
Place des Vosges (Renaissance)
To create unified and consistent structures, the Renaissance style emphasized on proportion, symmetry, order and classical inspiration. Paris' finest examples of Renaissance architecture are the Renaissance mansion of Hôtel Carnavalet (1544, the only 16th-century hotel to be found in contemporary Paris) and unquestionably, the sophisticated square of Place des Vosges (1605), flanked by Renaissance mansions rising above a charming arcaded corridor enclosing the famous square.
Place Dauphine (French Classicism)
It was during the Renaissance period when Parisian architecture eventually stopped imitating Italian design to begin developing its own style. Among the earliest city-planning projects of Henry IV, a novel and distinctively Parisian square was built – the tiny but charming Place Dauphine was meant to embody the spirit of modernity and France. From the square one can easily access the Pont Neuf and the islet of Square du Vert-Galant, but what makes the Place Dauphine particularly enchanting and different is its unusual shape – oxymoronically enough, this square is triangular!
The Panthéon (Neoclassical)
Soon after the short-spanned life cycle of the Rococo style, a neoclassical movement began to fashion Paris' cityscape. Favoring structures strictly based on ancient examples, the neoclassical style re-sparkled the interest in classical ideals which had an impact on European society through thought, politics and fine arts in the 18th century. One of the most notable examples of the neoclassical style is the Panthéon (1758), modeled after the Pantheon in Rome and containing the remains of illustrious French citizens. Another example is the Madeleine Church commissioned by Napoleon I as a neoclassicist temple and intended to be a "Temple to the Glory of the Great Army". However, the monument was still unfinished when Napoleon lost his rank, so it became a church consecrated in 1842.
The Haussmann Plan
We cannot truly review Parisian architecture without highlighting the famous Haussmann Plan, a modernization program of 19th century Paris, commissioned by Napoleon III and managed by the Seine prefect, Baron Haussmann, from 1853 to 1870. The project which featured all aspects of urban planning (modifying streets and boulevards, building facades, public parks, city facilities and monuments) gave the city its present form, established the image of today's popular representation of Paris around the world and played a key role in creating the capital's halo of charm and beauty. The key characteristics of Haussmannian architecture showcase long, tree-lined boulevards with cafés and shops and feature buildings with wrought iron balconies and aligned windows aimed to create a sense of perspective. Thanks to Haussmann's modernization of the city during the 19th century, the medieval appearance of the city was fairly effaced and a new type of urban scenario was promoted – one which had a thorough impact on the everyday lives of Parisians.
Métro Abbesses (Art Nouveau)
Art Nouveau architects opposed against the Third Republic's concept of mass production by creating disproportionate and voluptuous designs with organic basis (like plants and flowers) in mediums like wrought iron, stained glass and tile. Designed by Hector Guimard in 1900, the Abbessess' metro station entrance is one of the best preserved Parisian examples of the classic Art Nouveau style. It is also one of the only two original iconic metro entrances left in Paris (the other being at Porte Dauphine).
Castel Béranger (Art Nouveau)
Perceived as radical when designed by famous architect Guimard, the Castel Béranger ignited scorching debate reflecting the widespread resentment towards the Art Nouveau style at the time. Seen as perverse, breaking with all tradition and defying all convention, the building was considered a real nightmare – so much so that it was derisively renamed to Castel Dérangé (or The Deranged Castle). It fuelled controversy mostly because it defied conventional perception and did not fit into any familiar frame of reference – people just did not know how to judge it! The interplay of forms and mix of materials rendered all the more unusual this beautiful and enigmatic building resembling an enchanted castle. Both strange and foreign, it lacked French moderation and temperance and was never appreciated despite the fact that it had won the first prize in Paris' "Concours de Facades" in 1898.
Centre Pompidou and the Louvre Pyramid /Contemporary/
During the 20th century, France appointed some ambitious "grands projets", most of which attributed to the late president François Mitterrand. Considered controversial or even scandalous, these projects aimed to contemporize and revitalize the city were not well accepted. The concept of the Centre Pompidou (1977), Paris's industrial-looking modern-art museum, was to "turn architecture inside out" by using exposed pipes, steel supports, and plastic-tube escalators marking its exterior. Another shock came with the Louvre's glass pyramid (1989), anathematized as a "ridiculous piece of fantasy which would ruin the Louvre" and the Bibliothèque Francois Mitterand, housing knowledge in four glass towers the shape of each symbolizes an open book.


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Wednesday, October 28, 2009
Continuing with the Author ABCs...
We writers get all sorts of advice, and some of is even good. But it can also us astray.
For instance, the whole bit about action, how we've got to get in there and hook our reader, and keep things happening so they'll keep turning the pages.
Well, one of the biggest things I had to work on in revisions of LEAVING GEE'S BEND was too much action, not enough breathing space. Which is where the "tell" part of writing comes in. So my readers wouldn't be overwhelmed by all that action, so they would be able to process it and not feel like they were on Mr. Toad's Wild Ride. I mean a wild ride is great and all, but you've got to take time afterward to recover. Use this space to tell the reader how your character is feeling, what they're thinking, what they see, hear, touch, taste. This is every bit as important as showing.
And it brings to mind something else on my Bucket List: take a class on storytelling. The verbal art of engaging people in a story. I want to be able to do that. Meanwhile, I'll keeping listening to Kathryn Tucker Windham. Her CD "God was Just Practicing When He Made Men" is one of my all-time favorites.
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Dear Dairy,
Work the past two weeks has been terribly consuming. But in the midst of all the work, I took a 5 hour flight on a short weekend trip to attend a destination wedding in Maui. To my surprise, as soon as I got to the Fairmont Hotel and saw the beautiful ocean and the blue sky, all the stress just fell off my shoulders. All the things I was worried about just didn't seem that urgent after all. I even snuck a couple hours of lounging by the pool before getting dressed for the wedding.
For a destination wedding in a tropical setting, I prefer a fun and flowy dress with lots of movement to deliver a more casual expression. But I'd choose a bright color or interesting cut to make the casual stand out~
Monday, September 26, 2011
6 comments :
- Anonymous said...
Wow that wedding must have been magic! The ocean has the same effect on me, it's just so relaxing! Green is lovely on you.
Cess O. <3 The Outfit Diaries
- September 26, 2011 at 8:25 AM
- PetiteLittleGirl said...
Green looks lovely on you. I've been to Maui before and it's definitely paradise.
- September 26, 2011 at 9:47 AM
- KK said...
LOVE everything about this outfit! You look gorgeous!!
- September 26, 2011 at 12:09 PM
- JustPatience said...
Beautiful dress. Love your hand jewelry.
Check out my $100 ASOS Gift Card Giveaway:
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- September 26, 2011 at 1:37 PM
- Mrs. Pancakes said...
so chic! the dress is lovely!
- October 9, 2011 at 6:39 PM
- Teresa - Life and Style said...
Love the sleeves on this dress, and the color is perfect for you! You look beautiful!
- October 14, 2011 at 10:10 AM
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•Constitution review, 2013 budget amendment, PIB to top agenda
The Chairman, Senate Committee on Rules and Business, Senator Ita Enang, yesterday said the resolutions adopted by both chambers of the National Assembly concerning the proclamation of state of emergency in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe states are intact.
He said the Senate would consider the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (Alterations) Bill 2013, the 2013 Appropriation Act (amendment) Bill, the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) and the Electoral Act (amendment) Bill 2013, among others.
Enang spoke in Abuja when he briefed reporters on the activities of the Senate during the second session of the Seventh Senate, which began on June 6, 2012 and ended on June 6, 2013.
He said until the Senate receives and considers the recent amendments by the House of Representatives, the harmonised version of the proclamation sent to President Goodluck Jonathan remains sacrosanct.
The House of Representatives last week reversed its earlier position when it adopted the Senate's version to allow the President have the power to give directive on the utilisation of funds belonging to the states and local governments under emergency rule.
During the consideration of the details of the Emergency Proclamation, the House of Representatives deleted that section, but the Senate retained it.
At the harmonisation stage, the conference committees adopted the position of the Senate on the matter.
Enang said: "The Senate and the House of Representatives passed resolutions on the state of emergency and approved the request of Mr. President as contained on the proclamation of state of emergency.
"There were differences between what the House of Representatives passed and what the Senate passed.
"Both Houses set up committees and the conference committee arrived at a harmonised position.
"This harmonised position was adopted by the House of Representatives as a result of the conference committee and adopted by the Senate as a result of its own conference committee.
"Now this is as much as I know the position on the matter as coming from the National Assembly.
"Yes, I am informed that there were considerations by the House of Representatives of some aspects of it. I am not aware of a communication of that to the Senate.
"That is, it has not yet come to the floor of the Senate. Therefore, the position that exists now is as agreed and communicated and when we receive and it is communicated, we will consider what the other chamber considered.
"The laws bind that what is deemed to come from the National Assembly is what is accepted by both chambers.
"The House of Representatives, to my knowledge, did not amend the content of its resolution.
"It adopted the report of that conference committee and sent it out, but some later date, I wish I am correct, it brought an amendment to it, to which it is entitled.
"That is different from what has been passed, they are not recalling what they had passed. They are amending or seeking to amend what has been passed, but what has been passed has gone out."
The lawmaker representing Akwa Ibom North East said the amendment by the House of Representatives will only take effect when the amendment to the proclamation gets to the Senate's concurrence.
On the activities of the Senate during its just ended second legislative session, Enang said the Upper Chamber passed 17 of the 160 bills received during the period.
The bills, he said, included 16 executive bills and others were private member bills.
He said 14 of the bills were read for the second time and two were thrown out.
Enang added: "The Senate has confirmed important executive nominations ranging from ministers to heads of government parastatals and departments."
He said the Senate would give consideration to the Constitution Amendment Bill, Electoral Act, 2013 Appropriation Act (Amendment) Bill and the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB), among others on resumption on June 25.
He added that the Senate also passed 30 "landmark" resolutions during the last legislative year.
Enang said the Senate received 24 petitions bordering on wrongful termination of appointment.
He said: "The Senate in accordance with rule 41 of the Standing Orders referred the petitions to the Ethics, Privilege and Petition Committee for legislative action with a view to making recommendations to the Senate.
"The committee has reported and laid before the Senate their recommendations on some of the petitions, which the Senate will consider as priority when it resumes."
The Senate is on two weeks end of session break and will resume plenary on June 25.


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Dodd: What Debate?
With less than a half hour left in the debate, Sen. Chris Dodd's campaign issued a press release insisting he is getting a raw deal.
The release notes that Dodd has only been asked to answer four questions and has spent less than four minutes total talking. "Really nothing about the debate was equitable, from the unprecedented assignment of podiums to the allotment of time. We'll count on the DNC at future events to mandate some even-handedness," said Dodd spokeswoman Christy Setzer.
The problem with this argument is that it is totally aimed at insiders. Regular folks watching the debate aren't likely to be upset at the lack of questions directed at Dodd. For a second-tier candidate, the task is to make yourself known -- no matter what. See "Biden, Joe" for an example of this strategy.
Here's the release sent out by the Dodd campaign:
Subject: DEBATE FAILS TO ACHIEVE FULL DISCUSSION OF NATION'S MOST IMPORTANT ISSUES
Debate Fails To Achieve Full Discussion Of Nation's Most Important Issues
Despite very real differences in the presidential candidates' positions on the critical issues facing our nation, the format of tonight's CNN debate allowed for disproportionate amounts of time for candidates to discuss their positions. Below are the number of questions posed to each candidate, with the corresponding amount of time allotted per candidate.
BIDEN 4:45, 5 questions
CLINTON 9:25, 9 questions
DODD 4:00, 4 questions
EDWARDS 7:06, 8 questions
GRAVEL 2:59, 5 questions
KUCINICH 2:28, 3 questions
OBAMA 8:19, 9 questions
RICHARDSON 7:23, 6 questions
(Blitzer 8:38)
Chris Cillizza
June 3, 2007; 8:46 PM ET
Categories: Eye on 2008
Save & Share: Previous: Talking Tough on Osama
Next: Bill Richardson: Governor
For Mr. Edwards, please stop trying to engage Ms Clinton and Mr. Obama in arguing among yourselves.Clinton wisely said this is Bush's War, he made all the mistakes that could have been made.Stop picking on them, you voted for this God awful war,you're showing how they've got you on the ropes. You look weak and desperate.Stop infigting and get that criminal administration out of there, the least of you are more than any money and power grabbing repugnants.
Posted by: ecoleman | June 4, 2007 1:24 PM | Report abuse
US President Tim Kalemkarian, US Senate Tim Kalemkarian, US House Tim Kalemkarian: best major candidate.
Posted by: anonymous | June 4, 2007 11:00 AM | Report abuse
If we can measure candidate presence by time allotments, then why not by staging?
In the "sit-down" portion of the debate...8 candidates, 4 small tables with water. Logic and equity would place one table between each pair of candidates.
But there was Joe Biden with tables on each hand, leaving Richardson, Obama and Clinton clumped together in the middle of the wide shot. Did a stagehand screw up, or did someone make a switcheroo to be better postioned with the Top Tier?
And, ohbytheway, where id they find the old chairs from the Mike Douglas Show?
Posted by: Rick in PA | June 4, 2007 9:48 AM | Report abuse
Now that was a debate! I hope that what we saw is the future of presidential debates. Candidates were forced to answer the questions, and the moderator controlled the format. We got to look closely at the top tiered candidates, and the gadflys had their brief moments.
I haven't decided if I suppoort Hillary or Obama. Both impressed me. Hillary was evasiuve, but she has been and always will be. A White House Press Conferences with Hillary will be games of duck-and-weave.
Edwards and Richardson confirmed my previous decisionm that they are not qualified. Edwards going on the offensive on an issue where he admits he was wrong. Richardson may believe he's been running the country for the last decade or so, but he was a minor figurehead in the CLinton administartion, a sloppy diplomat (by his own admission in the many stories he tells), and a backbencher in the House.
Dodd and Biden were interesting, and I would give them consideration if they had a resonsbale chance of winning. Both showed intelligence and maturity. Either would make a fine president.
Kucinich and Gravel were amusing, but did not add to the debate.
I sure hope we have more debates like theese.
Posted by: Mike Dowling | June 4, 2007 7:57 AM | Report abuse
I too would have liked to have heard more from Richardson and Biden, and actually quite a bit less from Clinton and Edwards.
Posted by: Bokonon | June 4, 2007 1:12 AM | Report abuse
In the final times released after the debate, Kucinich spoke more than Dodd or Biden, and I just don't think he offers anywhere near the qualifications of either of them. He may be genuine, but his ideology is so far to the left of even most mainstream Democrats and the last time he was in an executive role he bankrupted Cleveland. My problem is also that all he is trying to do is drive the other candidates to the left, which hurts the party, and politics in general. Most Americans are towards the middle. This idea of both sets of candidates running far to the fringes is awful. I respect Biden even more for voting for the funding for the troops, and ignoring the politics of it.
Posted by: Brian | June 3, 2007 10:27 PM | Report abuse
Speading out Dennis and Mike's time? They spoke less than six minutes combined, not two thirds the time Hillary took up on her own. There are already being marginalized literally, with Clinton, Obama, and Edwards in the center and Gravel and Kucinich on the ends.
While I am not much on Gravel, Kucinich is definitely overlooked. He strikes me as the only genuine person on that stage. He is not just anti-Iraq war, he is against all war. He was the only one who called out his rivals on their connections to special interest groups. Sadly, he lacks the policy specifics and polish of the "serious" candidates.
Posted by: Simon | June 3, 2007 9:55 PM | Report abuse
The real solution is to remove the 2 third tier candidates- Kuchinich and Gravel from debates, and spread their time around the 6 real candidates. We also need slightly longer debates. When you have 6 real candidates, all of whom are arguably more qualified to be President than any of the Democratic candidates from 2004, you need longer debates, and you really have to weed the less serious candidates out so that people can get to know the candidates better.
Posted by: Brian | June 3, 2007 9:32 PM | Report abuse
Shutting people who have something different to say about the issues out of the debate merely shows how disconnected the media is when it comes to fostering a proper debate. Disgusting.
Posted by: Disgusted | June 3, 2007 9:29 PM | Report abuse
The format definitely rewards people willing to ask for (or insist on) time to comment.
Posted by: DTM | June 3, 2007 9:00 PM | Report abuse
Not related to anything anyone is saying - but is everyone in New Hampshire either a teacher, student, or a small business owner?
I'd like just one question to come from "Mike, a crane operator with a crystal meth problem"
Posted by: THB | June 3, 2007 8:58 PM | Report abuse
How about the second tier candidates having tables put in between them and the other candidates to push them out of the camera shot.
Posted by: Gem | June 3, 2007 8:54 PM | Report abuse
That almost tracks the opinion polls perfectly.
Except for Richardson, but he is...an enthusiastic talker.
Posted by: THB | June 3, 2007 8:49 PM | Report abuse
The comments to this entry are closed.


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Five fun facts about Wailea:
1. The Four Seasons has a shockingly awesome selection of food for lunch. We enjoyed a fresh focaccia fish sandwich and a niçoise salad
2. Wailea is one of the major shopping destinations on the North side of the Island with luxury shops such as: Bottega Veneta, Gucci and Louis Vuitton
3. The water is much prettier in Wailea... take my word on it
4. I have an obsession with shooting palm trees
5. These photos were shot with a wide angle lens, so I look super long. I'm also wearing a Roberto Cavalli Leopard Tunic that no one is allowed to make fun of me for.
We were in Maui for only six days, but during those six days, we experienced bonding with our beautiful MaiTai community over kiting, meditation, dancing, dining and inspiration. We had views of crystal blue water and palm trees, food trucks and beautiful locals and tunes were blazing the entire time. You can find my Maui Playlist on my Spotify here.
Photography by Sarah Son and Coco Zaza


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The Faculty of Science Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science (CCIS)—a vibrant environment for learning and discovery.
Undergraduate and graduate programs, degrees, and admission information.
Dan Riskin ('97 BSc), host of the Discovery Channel's Daily Planet.
Picture yourself driving in rush hour. Not only do you have to mind the rules of the road, but you have to consider the other drivers as well. You might switch lanes to avoid the speedster that is coming up behind you. Or, perhaps you'll pass the overly cautious new driver ahead.
Wouldn't it be nice to have an autonomous vehicle that could drive for us? Well, in order for this to happen, Robocar would have to assess situations on the road and make driving decisions quickly. Creating an agent that is able to observe others and act accordingly would be an integral part of this system.
As this is an exercise in reasoning, we can once again use games as our practice field. Nolan Bard and Mike Johanson are studying and reacting to their opponents in a Heads-Up (two-player) Texas Hold'em poker game. They realized that different styles of play (aggressive versus passive, for example) work better against different challengers.
"The idea is to take advantage of the mistakes your opponent is making," says Mike. "In poker, the value is more apparent, however, these ideas could be applied to a broader spectrum as well."
Nolan and Mike are working on two different components of opponent modeling. Mike is developing techniques to create static players that are both reliable and exploitive, while Nolan is working on methods to observe opponents and dynamically decide which static player to use during play.
Together, they are hoping to take Polaris (the U of A's current poker playing champ), and AI in opponent modeling, to the next level.
Photos, 2010; article 2011.
Nolan Bard & Mike Johanson
Ph.D. Students
Research Area:
Artificial Intelligence, Computer Games
Michael Bowling
Did you know?
Both Nolan and Mike enjoy the tight knit CS community and the many group activities including the annual department ski trip and game nights.


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Intel: Thunderbolt Is Not Mac-Exclusive
Despite early rumors to the contrary, which have cropped up on sites like Apple Insider and AllNewsMac, Intel has now officially announced that its new super-fast transfer technology, Thunderbolt, will not be exclusive to Apple's products, despite making its debut yesterday on the company's new line of MacBook Pro laptops.
Exclusivity, said Dave Salvator, senior communications manager of Intel's global communications group, is "not the case. Apple saw the potential of Thunderbolt, and worked with Intel to bring it to market. Other system makers are free to implement Thunderbolt on their systems as well, and we anticipate seeing some of those systems later this year and in early 2012."
Apple's initial interest in Thunderbolt is not really that surprising: The company's computers have long been favorites of graphic designers and video editors who need to move lots of large files quickly, something at which Thunderbolt would seem likely to excel. It's capable of transfer speeds of up to 10 Gbps—or fast enough to move an entire high-definition movie in under 30 seconds, and because it's based on the existing PCI Express and DisplayPort protocols, it has built-in compatibility that many upstart technologies might not.
Particularly interesting is that Thunderbolt is making its appearance in the guise of a Mini DisplayPort jack. Apple announced and promoted that smaller and completely compatible DisplayPort connector back in 2008, and would now seem to be giving people another reason to use it more frequently, and for a wider range of products than the monitor-focused ones for which it was originally designed.
Even if more companies take an interest in Thunderbolt, it will be a while before see any products. As PCMag reported yesterday, the technology is rolling out slowly, and so far only one major product, LaCie's Little Big Disk, has been announced to use it. Its appearance on systems and its use in peripherals will have to go hand in hand for Thunderbolt to find wide-scale adoption.


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For Matt Badiali, things are different than what they are for other people. He is a resource investment expert and knows a lot about investing the right way. He also knows there are things he can do that will make a difference for all the people he works with. It makes sense for Matt Badiali to do these things because he always knew how to help other people. He also knew things would keep getting better as long as he had the ability to give back to others. The Banyan Hill Publishing ideas he has helps the company succeed and gives people a chance to enjoy different things. It's his goal to make sure they know he's someone who can do a good job in the industry.
Even though he started small, Matt Badiali felt good about giving back to others. He also felt things would keep changing as a result of the hard work Matt Badiali put into the business. It made it easier for him to try things and also made it better for him while he came up with the new opportunities that the company could use to continue improving for all their clients. It made a lot of sense for him to do this because he felt confident in his skills and confidence with the options he made for other people. The time he spent working toward successful options was something that continued changing and continue improving what he was doing on his own.
As long as Matt Badiali can keep helping the company get better, he'll keep making sure people see him as someone who knows what they're doing. He isn't afraid of failure because he knows what it means to be the best in the industry. He also feels there are different ways for him to make sure things are getting better as long as he can show people what they need on their own. It makes a lot of sense for Badiali to do this so he can show others the right way to work the business side of their own type of business on their own.
For details: banyanhill.com/expert/matt-badiali/


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There are calls for an urgent safety review along a busy stretch of the M1 after figures revealed more than 100 car collisions have taken place there in recent months.
Works to replace the central reservation barrier between junction 19 at Catthorpe and junction 16 at Northampton are causing regular lengthy delays along one of the most congested 20 miles of road in the UK.
A 50 mph speed limit is in place through the roadworks to make the area safer for workers and three open lanes have been retained to aid the flow of traffic. But Northampton North MP Michael Ellis is calling on the Highways Agency to change the narrow section of road – which has no hard shoulder.
Figures released by the Highways Agency last week have revealed 94 road traffic collisions have occurred between junction 19 and 16 since the work started. A remarkable 283 cars have broken down and needed recovery in that section since the work started.
Mr Ellis said: "There has now been a very large number of serious collisions. It's the narrowness that really concerns me. They have sought to reassure me that these are safe roadworks – but I am not convinced."
Mr Ellis has written to the minister responsible for roads and to the Home Office– demanding to know figures for emergency service response times through that stretch of motorway.
But he said the travel delays experienced by commuters and businesses are having a detrimental an economic effect as well.
Mr Ellis believed many collisions are caused through the narrow sections of the motorway, and says the Highways Agency should look at trying to widen the available lanes.
The Highways Agency says safety through the roadworks is it's top priority.
A spokesman for the organisation said: "On this section of the M1, the hard shoulder is being used as a temporary traffic lane, so that we can continue to provide three lanes for traffic in both directions.
"The lane nearest the central reservation, in both directions, is currently closed to traffic to provide a safe working area for our workforce while they construct the new, safer, concrete barrier.
"Safety is a top priority for the Highways Agency and we have a 24/7 free recovery service on schemes of this nature. The agency also continues to work in partnership with stakeholders to influence driver behaviour and promote safe driving through roadworks to road users."


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Today, I'm over on AuthorCulture, with the post "Hook Readers With an Opening Question." Here's an excerpt:
Writers are told time and again to start their first chapter with a bang. If you open in the middle of a murder, a high-speed car chase, or heist-in-progress, readers will be instantly hooked, right?
How is it, then, that Margaret Atwood dares open her hefty contemporary novel The Robber Bride with a main character's morning routine: waking up, getting dressed, taking out the garbage, making breakfast?
This chapter is hardly the stuff of tabloid headlines. In fact, this is exactly what young writers are told not to do. At first glance, it might seem Atwood only gets away with this because she's the Canadian grande dame of fiction, with a dozen bestsellers already under her belt. But that's not true at all.
So what's her secret?


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Fuel Your Passion
Eurosport invites sports fans across the globe to 'Fuel Your Passion' by unveiling a stunning brand identity that will spearhead the start of an exciting chapter for the Discovery-owned sports broadcaster.
The new identity, revealed on-air on Friday 13 November 2015, will be underpinned by the strapline 'Fuel Your Passion' and supported by the #sharemypassion social media campaign, which encourages fans to share stories about the extraordinary lengths they go to in order to demonstrate their love for their athlete, team or sport.
Recognisable, distinctive and relatable, the new identity will propel Eurosport into the 21st century while acknowledging the proud heritage of innovation and expertise that has been part of Eurosport's DNA for more than 25 years.
Now under the full control of Discovery, Eurosport has enjoyed a game-changing year with a landmark Olympic Games rights deal across Europe being part of a broader, long-term commitment to deliver memorable experiences and engage fans of all ages with the sports they love anywhere, anytime and on any device.


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Guide St Martin & Thailand
I have been an outdoor and sports enthusiast all my life. In 2012 I was fortunate enough to be able to combine my love for an active healthy life into a career that supports those values when I opened my company, Flow World Travel. I now get to share my love of SUP with people from all over the world. My drive to share stand up paddling with others lives on the faces of the first time paddler, the inner city kid experiencing the outdoors and the previously inactive person using paddling as a way to get healthy. It's in growing the SUP community and helping others achieve their best that fuels me and I feel blessed to be able to do so every day.
Living in California provides access to some of the most beautiful places to paddle in the world including Lake Tahoe, San Francisco, Santa Cruz and many locations around Southern California. Stand Up Paddle racing is where you will find me most; taking my training to the water to compete in every event I can enter in the area. I've found that living a life inspired to be my best motivates others to be their best and that is never more evident than at a stand up paddle race.
I hope to meet you. I hope share a wave with you. I hope to see you on the beach at sunset.
JULIE STEVENS Guide Panama
My love for adventure and the water started right after high school. After teaching scuba diving in Monterey, CA and spending every dime traveling to Australia, Mexico and the Caribbean, I was drawn to St John to teach full time. In my 17 years on the island I taught scuba and led week long kayaking tours. Travel has always been a fundamental need for my soul and I have continued to chase that passion with recent trips to Costa Rica, Brazil and throughout the US.
The stand up paddle community is the most amazing group of people I've ever met, which lead me to FLOW. In recent years I've spent some of the best days of my life with them on trips to St Martin and Panama. I live and breathe stand up paddling and I look forward to the sharing this passion with you guiding the upcoming adventure to Bocas Del Toro, Panama in April 2017. See you on the beach!!!
JESSICA CICHRA Guide Sayulita
With an interest in helping people achieve mental wellness and physical fitness, I combined my background in psychology, personal training, yoga and fitness, to instruct and design wellness programs through my company Wave of Wellness. My love for adventure and travel inspired me to take my instruction abroad, teaching SUP Yoga and Bala Tula (yoga fusion) clinics around the world at SUP and yoga retreats. I also love SUP racing and both compete in and direct paddle races in my home state of Florida. My involvement and lifestyle in the SUP and yoga communities has led to many great opportunities as an ambassador and athlete for various companies, and also introduced me to FLOW. I'm excited to instruct and guide future trips with a company that is aligned with my mission to empower people through adventurous activities that enhance all areas of well-being with a focus on travel, SUP, yoga, and community.
Guide Spain & Australia
An absolute people person, Mary has taught yoga for adults, family, adaptive, teens and tots for over 6 years. She is a certified 1000+HR RYT Yoga & Meditation teacher as well as a WPA/Paddle Into Fitness certified SUP and SUP Yoga instructor.
Mary teaches a dynamic, sustainable, compassionate, alignment-based practice that weaves and blends together the traditions of Ashtanga and Lyengar. Many describe her energy as contagious, finding her nurturing, and patient style of teaching to be welcoming and supportive. For Mary, being a student of the practice of yoga is as important as being a teacher. She hopes to help others delve into what it means to live well physically, mentally and spiritually, by exploring and developing their own yoga and meditation practice.
When she is not teaching in her home state of Colorado, you will find Mary hunting adventures and leading workshops around the world. Her second home is Santa Teresa, Costa Rica where she hosts and leads and annual SUP Yoga & Surf retreat. In the next year Mary's agenda includes trips to Australia, New Zeland and Bali and will also be joining Flow World Travel on the vacations to Spain and St Martin. If you can catch her...you're sure to absorb a slice of passion and energy that will stay with you forever!
RYT 200/ SUP Yoga Instructor
Andrea is a North Carolina native and long time resident of Asheville. She has a deep love for adventure, travel and learning the customs and values of other cultures while sensing the world from a new perspective. She extremely passionate when it comes to all types of body movement; to include yoga, stand up paddle boarding, hiking, kayaking... the list goes on. Her true love is stand up paddling and SUP Yoga. Possibly Andrea's finest talent is the ability to forge meaningful human connections & to support others when they may feel out of their comfort zones.
"For me, yoga, SUP and most any type of body movement is supported by each breath bringing peace, stillness, challenge, mastery, adventure and absolute joy. Each experience we weave into our life's tapestry is a stitch in the moment to moment journey... all the while whispering YES to life!"


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Shaving foam marbling and and Sensory playI've been meaning to try shaving foam marbling for a while. I'd seen some hearts for valentines day done with the technique over at the The Imagination Tree and it looked lovely. Yesterday afternoon we were at a bit if a loose end so I gathered together the stuff to do it.
It was very simple to set up. I used a largish baking tray which could fit a A4 piece of paper inside.
I sprayed shaving foam in to it, swished it around to make it foam up and then dripped the paint on to it.
I didn't get a picture first time round of this as N thought it would be best to plunge his hands straight in and mix, mix, mix. I took a picture when we added some more paint, I'd been a bit stingy the first time round.
Once you have dripped the paint on you need to swirl it around and make it look pretty. Less is more here as the colour mingles too much If you over swirl.
Then get a piece of paper lay it on the foam, pressing it down gently all over.
Pull up at one corner till it all the paper comes away. You may need to scrape the excess foam off, do this gently to avoid ruining the pattern underneath.
I found the ideal thing to do this was a flap off a cereal box but you can use whatever. I didn't get a picture of this stage as it was a bit tricky and messy so i hadn't got the hands.
Here are the pictures we made, i really love the result.
Leave the paintings to dry and then pat off any remaining foam with kitchen paper.
If you don't like messy play you should probably turn away now or at least take a deep breath as its going to get very messy.
I had took the paintings away to dry and N was still engrossed in plunging his hands in the foam.
I've recently been seeing around the blogosphere lots of new sensory materials which were basically cornflour added to various different household products, shaving foam, conditioner, washing up liquid you get the gist.
I though N would like the extra squidginess but I hadn't got cornflower so I added normal flour.
He loved it! It was a really strange consistency, crumbly but smooth to the touch, like moon sand but more solid and pliable.
He asked me for some tubs so I added, a tub, spoon and large neck funnel.
He played with it independently for about another half an hour at least. Only stopping because I needed to clear his little table for his dinner. I know I'm a nasty mommy.
This foam/flour mix didn't seem like it would keep well to me so I threw it away straight afterwards but if you have tried it and it kept well please let me know. It swept up well off my laminate and left the house smelling all clean and masucline which reminded me of my husband. ( we havent told him we used his best gillette shaving foam yet so shush *finger to lip*) I'll get poundlands own next time.
Here are a few of the new sensory materials I've come across recently.
Bubble Dough from Creative Play House
Ice Cream Dough from Play Create Explore
Fake snow and many many more sensory ideas from Growing a Jewelled Rose
Hope you are having a good week? Thanks for reading and i hope you enjoy
P x


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Become a Magnet
Terry Bean's Guide to Success
Terry Bean has mastered a few areas of life: Communications, Networking and Right Thinking. This combination allows him to attract many great opportunities. Terry thoroughly enjoys helping others live their best life too. He does this by providing inspiredutaining instruction (inspirational + educational + entertaining) on the best business and life development practices that can be implemented immediately.
This day-long session will provide you with the right information as well as ample opportunity to practice your new found knowledge. At the conclusion of this event you will understand new ways to enroll others, new strategies to grow your business and most importantly how to live your life out loud and on purpose.
Who should attend? This class is designed for people who are ready to take the next big step in their life. This is NOT a beginner class, although those curious beginners with an open-mind and a willingness to learn will find a lot of value.
The cost of this course is $159.00 (special first time price and will be $279.00 the next time it's offered) and includes a.m./p.m. refreshments, lunch and a signed copy of Terry Bean's new book "Be Connected".
You will be guided to:
- Discover your purpose so you can live your passion
- Understand how to be the best communicator you can be
- Implement new strategies to generate referrals constantly online and in the real world
- Sell more and cold call less
- A thorough understanding of the art and science of Networking
Date: July 11
Location: Troy, MI Credential Check Corporation 575 E. Big Beaver Terrace Level
8:30-9:00 Registration/Networking/Coffee
9:00-9:50 The 6 Degrees of Connectedness (originally delivered at TEDx Detroit 2009)
9:50-10:50 Target Clients, Partners and how to ASK for them
10:50-11:20 Speed Networking Break- Practice Your New Skills
11:20-12:30 Personal Branding and Improved Communications skills
12:30-1:15 Lunch and Networking (onsite likely sandwiches or pizza…lunch will be provided)
1:15-2:45 Going Social (using facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube to network more effectively)
2:45-3:00 Break. Cookie networking
3:00-4:30 What I've learned about S&M…sales and marketing
4:30-5:15 Q&A/Networking/End


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Sunday, April 16, 2006
At the Life on Wheels conference in Tucson in mid-March I learned about other RV clubs and discounts and decided to join Passport America and the Escapees (SKPs). So I finally uprooted myself from Tucson and headed east on I-10 going into the Benson, Tombstone, Bisbee area of Eastern Arizona. Well, first of all I did not know it was rather mountainous and that Bisbeee is/was the largest copper mine in the world in its heyday ... closing in the mid 1970s. Duh! I just never knew.
This one is called the Lavender Pit. There are many more. I thought it was named the Lavener Pit because of its seeming color. No, it's named after William Lavender.
Here is what the countryside looks like, devastation all over the place in my opinion. The consequences of open pit mining. Notice the size of the car in the lower righthand corner.
So I decided to park about 10 miles out of town in a Passport America RV park at 50% off (such a deal - $8.75 a night) and am beginning my exploration. The RV park is a lovely country club only a couple of miles from the Mexican border in a town called Naco AZ. Border Patrol everywhere. Hmmmmmmmmm. Their literature assures us there is nothing to worry about. Immigrants are not interested in stopping around here. They want to get as far away as quickly as possible. If you look at my Datastorm map, I AM on the border. So Hola from Mexico.
So I went to town to find the post office and it was just across the street from the Bisbee Coffee Company, a bustling place if I ever saw one.
Main Street winds up a hill with shops crowded along both sides of the street.
I stopped in the Prickly Pear for a Cuban ... oh, yum ... a grilled concoction; you get to pick and choose. I chose a Philly Steak with the works.
I came back a second day and continued exploring up Main Street. The High Desert Market and Cafe is just that, full of organics, yes! and cool desserts and Italian kitchen imports.
Across the street from the market is a statue of The Copper Man, a tribute to the copper miners of years long past and to the heyday that once was. Bisbee is now a historical site, the entire town, and entrepreneurs of all types have arrived to entice you to visit ... including some fine restaurants.I don't want to leave Bisbee without mentioning the Queen Mine ... both an underground and land tour. Friends have said, "Don't miss the underground tour." Haven't made up my mind about touring any of ths. Destruction of our land and earth is disturbing for me. I felt the same way when I traveled to Vancouver Island in Canada in the mid-'90s and my heart was ripped open with all the clearcutting I saw up there, the destruction of all the FORESTS .... and I still have nightmares about all of that. I'm just a pussycat, but I love Gaia, our grand Mother, Mother Earth!
More later ...
3 comments:
Very nice job. Your pictures are great. I have been on the road since 2002 and have traveled much the same areas you have. Passport America, SKP's and Elk Lodges have helped off set the high diesel prices we have now. Safe travels and look for an older Alfa Gold 5er. That's me
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The OpenSwitch Project, which is developing an open source network operating system, has announced new software contributions from Dell EMC and the startup SnapRoute. Code from these contributors will serve as the core of the OpenSwitch project.
OpenSwitch was originally launched by HPE in October 2015 (back when it was still just HP) with network operating system code contributed by the vendor. In June of 2016, OpenSwitch became a Linux Foundation project.
Now it appears that OpenSwitch will primarily consist of contributions from Dell EMC and SnapRoute. Specifically, Dell EMC OS10 Open Edition will serve as the base layer of the OS and provide the file system, package management, and hardware management.
SnapRoute's L2/L3 stack will run on top and provide features such as BGP, OSPF, MPLS and support for IPv4 and IPv6. The software is modular, so organizations only have to turn on features they want.
The software can also be managed a variety of ways, including via CLI to program devices manually, or via automation tools such as Ansible, Puppet, and Chef.
Whither HPE?
So what happened to the original code that started the project?
An OpenSwitch spokesperson says project members are going through technical discussions right now to decide what contributions to keep in the code base.
"The architecture of OpenSwitch will go through significant change, and major parts will likely be changed out," said Alik Fishman, Sr technical marketing, engineering lead at Cavium and the OpenSwitch Marketing Committee Chair.
HPE is still a member of the OpenSwitch project, and I'm hoping to speak with a representative to get more details about the project's status and HPE's involvement going forward.


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Symposium Games – Do you play Bocce?
Bocce is a game that's been around a LONG while. (It's also a language from a Galaxy far far away) There are many versions of the rules for Bocce, some that are very complicated and specific, and some that are simpler for those who just like to play. Because of time constraints and space limitations, we've chosen a simpler set of the rules for use at the 2014 Symposium Games.
"Back Yard" Bocce – Basic Rules
As presented by http://www.backyardbocce.com/basic-rules/ with revisions.
Here is a prinatble PDF of the rules SES14_Bocce_Rules.pdf
Bocce is played with eight large balls and one smaller target or object ball called a pallina. There are four balls per team and they are made of a different color or pattern to distinguish the balls of one team from those of the other team.
The game is played with two teams, with each team having one, two, or four players. For four player teams, each player throws one ball. For two player teams, each player throws two balls. For one player teams, each player throws four balls. When there are multiple players on a team, a playing rotation is determined at the start of a game and is maintained throughout the entire game.
A game begins with the toss of a coin. The team that wins the coin toss can choose to either have first toss of the pallina or the color of the balls they will use. To start a game, the pallina is rolled or tossed by a member of the team having won the coin toss. A player can toss the pallina any distance as long as it passes the center line of the court and does not hit the backboard. If the player fails to toss the ball properly into play, a member of the opposing team will toss the ball into play. If the opposing team fails to properly toss the pallina into play, the toss reverts to a member of the original team.
The player tossing the pallina must deliver the first ball. If the ball hits the backboard, that team must roll again until the first ball is put into play. Otherwise, that player steps aside and the opposing team will then deliver their balls until one of its Bocce balls is closer to the pallina or has thrown all its balls. The "nearest ball" rule governs the sequence of thrown balls. The side whose ball is closest to the pallina is called the "in" ball and the opposing side the "out" ball. Whenever a team gets "in", it steps aside and allows the "out" team to deliver. The other team throws until it gets its ball closer (not ties) to the pallina. This continues until both teams have thrown all their Bocce balls. After both teams have exhausted all their balls, a frame is over and points are awarded. The game resumes by teams throwing from the opposite end of the court. The team that was awarded points in the previous frame begins the next frame by tossing the pallina into play.
All balls must be thrown underhanded. A team has the option of rolling, tossing, bouncing, banking, etc. its ball down the court provided it does not go out of bounds or the player does not violate the foul line. The foul line is used to deliver all balls down the court with the intent of getting a ball closer to the pallina, knocking the opponent's ball away from the pallina, or hitting the pallina so that it ends up closer to your team's ball.
A player should not step on or over the foul line before releasing any ball. If a player steps over the foul line, the player will receive one warning. For a player that commits a second foul line infraction, the team fouled against will be awarded points as they were immediately proceeding the foul and the frame will end. The team committing the foul will be awarded no points for the frame. Or, the fouled against team may have the option of declining the penalty and completing the frame.
Any ball that makes contact with the backboard is considered a dead ball on impact and is removed immediately from play until the end of a frame. If a ball after hitting the backboard strikes a stationary ball, that stationary ball is replaced to its original position.
At the end of each frame, points will be awarded. Only one team scores in a frame. One point is awarded for each ball that is closer to the pallina than the closest ball of the opposing team. In the event that the closest ball of each team is the same distance from the pallina, no points will be awarded and the pallina returns to the team that delivered it. Only balls which are distinguishably closer to the pallina than any of the opponent's balls are awarded points. All measurements should be made from the center of the pallina to the edge of a Bocce ball. Games are played to 12 points with the first team reaching 12 points being the winner of a game.
Symposium Games Bocce brackets and distribution of victory points:
We will attempt to make room for two Bocce courts (Smaller than regulation) in the sunken ballroom.
This will allow 4 teams to complete at a time. Each competing group will need to provide TWO players to compete as a team in the Bocce tournament. It will be a single elimination tournament with points awarded for First (50) Second (30) and Third (20) place.


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Lochte: I Pee in the Pool
Leave it to Ryan Seacrest to ask the question that's been on all viewers' minds since the London Olympics began: Do the swimmers pee in the pool? At least one does, and is admitting to it. "I sure did in warm-up," five-time medal-winner Ryan Lochte told Seacrest Friday. "I think there's just something about getting into chlorine water that you just automatically go."