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Difference between revisions of "Wireless network configuration"
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The driver may suffer from a lot of tx excessive retries and invalid misc errors for some unknown reason, resulting in a lot of packet loss and keep disconnecting, sometimes instantly. Following tips might be helpful.
The driver may suffer from a lot of tx excessive retries and invalid misc errors for some unknown reason, resulting in a lot of packet loss and keep disconnecting, sometimes instantly. Following tips might be helpful.
==== Lowering the rate ====
==== Lowering the rate ====
Revision as of 13:19, 5 September 2013
ro:Wireless zh-CN:Wireless Setup Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end Configuring wireless is a two-part process; the first part is to identify and ensure the correct driver for your wireless device is installed (they are available on the installation media, but often have to be installed explicitly), and to configure the interface. The second is choosing a method of managing wireless connections. This article covers both parts, and provides additional links to wireless management tools.
- 1 Device driver
- 2 Wireless management
- 2.1 Manual setup
- 2.1.1 Getting some useful information
- 2.1.2 Interface activation
- 2.1.3 Access point discovery
- 2.1.4 Operating mode
- 2.1.5 Association
- 2.1.6 Getting an IP address
- 2.1.7 Custom startup scripts/services
- 2.2 Automatic setup
- 2.1 Manual setup
- 3 Troubleshooting
- 3.1 Observing Logs
- 3.2 Power saving
- 3.3 Failed to get IP address
- 3.4 Connection always times out
- 3.5 Random disconnections
- 4 Troubleshooting drivers and firmware
- 4.1 Ralink
- 4.2 Realtek
- 4.3 Atheros
- 4.4 Intel
- 4.5 Broadcom
- 4.6 Other drivers/devices
- 4.7 ndiswrapper
- 4.8 compat-drivers-patched
- 5 See also
Device driver
The default Arch Linux kernel is modular, meaning many of the drivers for machine hardware reside on the hard drive and are available as modules. At boot, udev takes an inventory of your hardware and loads appropriate modules (drivers) for your corresponding hardware, which will in turn allow creation of a network interface.
Some wireless chipsets also require firmware, in addition to a corresponding driver. Many firmware images are provided by the linux-firmware package which is installed by default, however, proprietary firmware images are not included and have to be installed separately. This is described in #Installing driver/firmware.
- Udev is not perfect. If the proper module is not loaded by udev on boot, simply load it manually. Note also that udev may occasionally load more than one driver for a device, and the resulting conflict will prevent successful configuration. Be sure to blacklist the unwanted module.
- The interface name for different drivers and chipsets will vary. Some examples are
eth1, and
ath0. See also Network Configuration#Device names.
Check the driver status
To check if the driver for your card has been loaded, check the output of
lspci -k command. You should see that some kernel driver is in use, for example:
$ lspci -k
06:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation WiFi Link 5100 Subsystem: Intel Corporation WiFi Link 5100 AGN Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi Kernel modules: iwlwifi
lsusb -v
dmesg | grep usbcore, you should see something like
usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8187in the output
Also check the output of
ip link command to see if a wireless interface (e.g.
ath0) was created. Then bring the interface up with
ip link set <interface> up. For example, assuming the interface is
# ip link set wlan0 up
If you get this error message:
SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory, it most certainly means your wireless chipset requires a firmware to function.
Check kernel messages for firmware being loaded
$ dmesg |grep firmware
[ 7.148259] iwlwifi 0000:02:00.0: loaded firmware version 126.96.36.199 build 35138 op_mode iwldvm
The relevant
dmesg output should be prefixed by the module autodetected for the hardware, which can further help in identifying issues.
If the kernel module is successfully loaded and the interface is up, you can skip the next section.
Installing driver/firmware
Check the following lists to discover if your card is supported:
- The Ubuntu Wiki has a good list of wireless cards and whether or not they are supported either in the Linux kernel or by a user-space driver (includes driver name).
- Linux Wireless Support and The Linux Questions' Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) also have a good database of kernel-friendly hardware.
- The kernel page additionally has a matrix of supported hardware.
If your wireless card is listed above, follow the #Troubleshooting drivers and firmware subsection of this page, which contains information about installing drivers and firmware of some specific wireless cards. Then check the driver status again.
If your wireless card is not listed above, it is likely supported only under Windows (some Broadcom, 3com, etc). For these, you can try to use ndiswrapper. See #ndiswrapper for details.
Wireless management
Assuming that your drivers are installed and working properly, you will need to choose a method of managing your wireless connections. The following subsections will help you decide.
Procedure and tools required will depend on several factors:
- The desired nature of configuration management; from a completely manual command line procedure to an automated solution with graphical front-ends.
- The encryption type (or lack thereof) which protects the wireless network.
- The need for network profiles, if the computer will frequently change networks (such as a laptop).
- Whatever is your choice, you should try to connect using the manual method first. This will help you understand the different steps that are required and troubleshoot possible problems.
- If possible (e.g. if you manage your Wi-Fi access point), try connecting with no encryption, to check that everything works. Then try using encryption, either WEP (simple to configure, but crackable in a matter of seconds), WPA or WPA2.
The following table shows the different methods that can be used to activate and manage a wireless connection, depending on the encryption and management types, and the various tools that are required. Although there may be other possibilities, these are the most frequently used:
|Management method
|Interface activation
|Wireless connection management
|Assigning IP address
|Manually managed,
with no or WEP encryption
|iw / iwconfig
|ip / dhcpcd / dhclient
|Manually managed,
with WPA or WPA2 PSK encryption
|iw / iwconfig + wpa_supplicant
|ip / dhcpcd / dhclient
|Automatically managed,
with network profiles support
|netctl, Wicd, NetworkManager, etc.
These tools pull in the required dependencies from the list of packages in the manual method.
Manual setup
Just like other network interfaces, the wireless ones are controlled with
ip from the iproute2 package. The package wireless_tools then provides a basic set of tools for managing the wireless connection, however, these tools are deprecated in favor of the iw tool. If iw does not work with your card, you can use wireless_tools, the table below gives an overview of comparable commands with both (see [1] for more examples). Additionally, the wpa_supplicant package is required for WPA/WPA2 encryption. These powerful user-space tools work extremely well and allow complete manual control of wireless connection.
- Examples in this section assume that your wireless device is
wlan0to connect to
your_essidwifi accesspoint. Replace both accordingly.
- Note that most of the commands have to be executed with root permissions. Executed with normal user rights, some of the commands (e.g.
iwlist), will exit without error but not produce the correct output either, which can be confusing.
|iw command
|wireless_tools command
|iw dev wlan0 link
|iwconfig wlan0
|Getting link status.
|iw dev wlan0 scan
|iwlist wlan0 scan
|Scanning for available access points.
|iw wlan0 set type ibss
|iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc
|Setting the operation mode to ad-hoc.
|iw wlan0 connect your_essid
|iwconfig wlan0 essid your_essid
|Connecting to open network.
|iw wlan0 connect your_essid 2432
|iwconfig wlan0 essid your_essid freq 2432M
|Connecting to open network specifying channel.
|iw wlan0 connect your_essid key 0:your_key
|iwconfig wlan0 essid your_essid key your_key
|Connecting to WEP encrypted network using hexadecimal key.
|iw wlan0 connect your_essid key 0:your_key
|iwconfig wlan0 essid your_essid key s:your_key
|Connecting to WEP encrypted network using ASCII key.
|iw dev wlan0 set power_save on
|iwconfig wlan0 power on
|Enabling power save.
Getting some useful information
- First you need to find the name of wireless interface. You can do it with following command:
$ iw dev
phy#0 Interface wlan0 ifindex 3 wdev 0x1 addr 12:34:56:78:9a:bc type managed channel 1 (2412 MHz), width: 40 MHz, center1: 2422 MHz
- To check link status, use following command. Example output when not connected to an AP:
$ iw dev wlan0 link
Not connected.
When connected to an AP, you will see something like:
$ iw dev wlan0 link
Connected to 12:34:56:78:9a:bc (on wlan0) SSID: MyESSID freq: 2412 RX: 33016518 bytes (152703 packets) TX: 2024638 bytes (11477 packets) signal: -53 dBm tx bitrate: 150.0 MBit/s MCS 7 40MHz short GI bss flags: short-preamble short-slot-time dtim period: 1 beacon int: 100
- You can get statistic information, such as the amount of tx/rx bytes, signal strength etc., with following command:
$ iw dev wlan0 station dump
Station 12:34:56:78:9a:bc (on wlan0) inactive time: 1450 ms rx bytes: 24668671 rx packets: 114373 tx bytes: 1606991 tx packets: 8557 tx retries: 623 tx failed: 1425 signal: -52 dBm signal avg: -53 dBm tx bitrate: 150.0 MBit/s MCS 7 40MHz short GI authorized: yes authenticated: yes preamble: long WMM/WME: yes MFP: no TDLS peer: no
Interface activation
(Optional, but may be required)
Some cards require that the kernel interface be activated before you can use the iw tool or wireless_tools:
# ip link set wlan0 up
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not possible due to RF-kill, make sure that hardware switch is on. Also, your wireless network card may be soft-blocked. Try getting rfkill and running
rfkill list all to check.
Access point discovery
See what access points are available:
# iw dev wlan0 scan | less
The important points to check:
- ESSID: the "name" of the access point.
- Quality: in general try something above 40/70.
- Encryption key: if it is "on", check if you can see any line regarding
- WEP, WPA, or RSN. Note that RSN and WPA2 are different names for the protocol.
- Group cipher: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others.
- Pairwise ciphers: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others. Not necessarily the same value than Group cipher.
- Authentication Suites: value in PSK, 802.1x, others. For home router, you'll usually find PSK (i.e. passphrase). In universities, you are more likely to find 802.1x suite which requires login and password. Then you will need to know which key management is in use (e.g. EAP), and what encapsulation it uses (e.g. PEAP). Find more details at Wikipedia:Authentication protocol and the sub-articles.
Operating mode
(Optional, but may be required)
At this step you might need to set the proper operating mode of the wireless card. More specifically, if you are going to connect an ad-hoc network, you need to set the operating mode to ad-hoc:
# iw wlan0 set type ibss
ip link set wlan0 down).
Depending on the encryption, you need to associate your wireless device with the access point to use and pass the encryption key.
- No encryption
# iw wlan0 connect your_essid
using a hexadecimal or ASCII key:
# iw wlan0 connect your_essid key 0:your_key
using a hexadecimal or ASCII key, specifying the third set up key as default (keys are counted from zero):
# iw wlan0 connect your_essid key d:2:your_key
You need to edit the
/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf file as described in WPA_Supplicant and according to what you got from #Access point discovery. Then, issue this command:
# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
This is assuming your device uses the
wext driver. If this does not work, you may need to adjust these options.
If connected successfully, continue in a new terminal (or quit
wpa_supplicant with
Ctrl+c and add the
-B switch to the above command to run it in the background). WPA_Supplicant contains more information and troubleshooting.
Regardless of the method used, you can check if you have associated successfully:
# iw dev wlan0 link
Getting an IP address
Finally, provide an IP address to the network interface. Simple examples are:
# dhcpcd wlan0
for DHCP, or
# ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev wlan0 # ip route add default via 192.168.0.1
for static IP addressing.
auto for the specific device:
# iwconfig wlan0 channel auto
Before changing the channel to auto, make sure your wireless interface (in this case
wlan0) is down. After it has successfully changed it, you can again bring the interface up and continue from there.
Custom startup scripts/services
Although the manual configuration method will help troubleshoot wireless problems, you will have to re-type every command each time you reboot. You can also quickly write a shell script to automate the whole process, which is still a quite convenient way of managing network connection while keeping full control over your configuration. You can find some examples in this section.
Manual wireless connection at boot using systemd and dhcpcd
This example uses systemd for start up, WPA supplicant for connecting, and dhcpcd for assigning an IP address.
/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. See WPA supplicant for details.
Create a systemd unit, e.g
[Unit] Description=Wireless network connectivity (%i) Wants=network.target Before=network.target BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=yes ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i up ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i %i -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd %i ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i down [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Enable the unit and start it, passing the name of the interface:
# systemctl enable firstname.lastname@example.com # systemctl start firstname.lastname@example.com
Systemd with wpa_supplicant and static IP
/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf. See WPA supplicant for details.
First create configuration file for the systemd service, replace
<interface> with proper interface name:
address=192.168.0.10 netmask=24 broadcast=192.168.0.255 gateway=192.168.0.1
Create a systemd unit file:
[Unit] Description=Wireless network connectivity (%i) Wants=network.target Before=network.target BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=yes EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network-wireless@%i ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i up ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i %i -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip addr add ${address}/${netmask} broadcast ${broadcast} dev %i ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip route add default via ${gateway} ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip addr flush dev %i ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i down [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Enable the unit and start it, passing the name of the interface:
# systemctl enable email@example.com # systemctl start email@example.com
Automatic setup
There are many solutions to choose from, but remember that all of them are mutually exclusive; you should not run two daemons simultaneously. The following table compares the different connection managers, additional notes are in subsections below.
|Connection manager
(auto connect dropped
or changed location)
|PPP support
(e.g. 3G modem)
|Console tools
netctl is a replacement for
netcfg designed to work with systemd. It uses a profile based setup and is capable of detection and connection to a wide range of network types. This is no harder than using graphical tools.
See: Netctl
Wicd is a network manager that can handle both wireless and wired connections. It is written in Python and Gtk with fewer dependencies than NetworkManager, making it an ideal solution for lightweight desktop users. Wicd is available in the official repositories.
See: Wicd
NetworkManager is an advanced network management tool that is enabled by default in most popular GNU/Linux distributions. In addition to managing wired connections, NetworkManager provides worry-free wireless roaming with an easy-to-use GUI program for selecting your desired network.
If you do not use GNOME but use a window manager like Openbox or xmonad, do not forget to install polkit-gnome, gnome-keyring, libgnome-keyring, and pyxdg to manage WEP, WPA, and WPA2 connections.
See: NetworkManager
WiFi Radar
WiFi Radar is a Python/PyGTK2 utility for managing wireless profiles (and only wireless). It enables you to scan for available networks and create profiles for your preferred networks.
See: Wifi Radar
This section contains general troubleshooting tips, not strictly related to problems with drivers or firmware. For such topics, see next section.
Observing Logs
A good first measure to troubleshoot is to analyze the system's logfiles first. In order not to manually parse through them all, it can help to open a second terminal/console window and watch the kernels messages with
$ dmesg -w
while performing the action, e.g. the wireless association attempt.
When using a tool for network management, the same can be done for systemd with
# journalctl -f
The individual tools used in this article further provide options for more detailed debugging output, which can be used in a second step of the analysis, if required.
Power saving
See Power saving#Network interfaces.
Failed to get IP address
If getting an IP address repeatedly fails using the default dhcpcd client, try installing and using dhclient instead. Do not forget to select dhclient as the primary DHCP client in your connection manager!
If you can get an IP address for a wired interface and not for a wireless interface, try disabling the wireless card's power saving features:
# iwconfig wlan0 power off
Connection always times out
The driver may suffer from a lot of tx excessive retries and invalid misc errors for some unknown reason, resulting in a lot of packet loss and keep disconnecting, sometimes instantly. Following tips might be helpful.
Blocked wifi on a Thinkpad or with an Intel wireless card
# rfkill unblock wifi
More info: http://askubuntu.com/questions/62166/siocsifflags-operation-not-possible-due-to-rf-kill
Lowering the rate
Try setting lower rate, for example 5.5M:
# iwconfig wlan0 rate 5.5M auto
Fixed option should ensure that the driver does not change the rate on its own, thus making the connection a bit more stable:
# iwconfig wlan0 rate 5.5M fixed
Lowering the txpower
You can try lowering the transmit power as well. This may save power as well:
# iwconfig wlan0 txpower 5
Valid settings are from
0 to
auto and
Setting rts and fragmentation thresholds
Default iwconfig options have rts and fragmentation thresholds off. These options are particularly useful when there are many adjacent APs or in a noisy environment.
The minimum value for fragmentation value is 256 and maximum is 2346. In many windows drivers the maximum is the default value:
# iwconfig wlan0 frag 2346
For rts minimum is 0, maximum is 2347. Once again windows drivers often use maximum as the default:
# iwconfig wlan0 rts 2347
Random disconnections
Cause #1
If dmesg says
wlan0: deauthenticating from MAC by local choice (reason=3) and you lose your Wi-Fi connection, it is likely that you have a bit too aggressive power-saving on your Wi-Fi card[2]. Try disabling the wireless card's power-saving features:
# iwconfig wlan0 power off
See Power saving for tips on how to make it permanent (just specify
off instead of
If your card does not support
iwconfig wlan0 power off, check the BIOS for power management options. Disabling PCI-Express power management in the BIOS of a Lenovo W520 resolved this issue.
Cause #2
If you are experiencing frequent disconnections and dmesg shows messages such as
ieee80211 phy0: wlan0: No probe response from AP xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx after 500ms, disconnecting
try changing the channel bandwidth to
20MHz through your router's settings page.
Troubleshooting drivers and firmware
This section covers methods and procedures for installing kernel modules and firmware for specific chipsets, that differ from generic method.
See Kernel modules for general informations on operations with modules.
Unified driver for Ralink chipsets (it replaces
rt73, etc). This driver has been in the Linux kernel since 2.6.24, you only need to load the right module for the chip:
rt61pci or
rt73usb which will autoload the respective
rt2x00 modules too.
A list of devices supported by the modules is available at the project's homepage.
- Additional notes
- Since kernel 3.0, rt2x00 includes also these drivers:
- Since kernel 3.0, the staging drivers
rt2870staare replaced by the mainline drivers
- Some devices have a wide range of options that can be configured with
iwpriv. These are documented in the source tarballs available from Ralink.
For devices which are using the rt3090 chipset it should be possible to use
rt2800pci driver, however, is not working with this chipset very well (e.g. sometimes it's not possible to use higher rate than 2Mb/s).
The best way is to use the rt3090AUR driver from AUR. Make sure to blacklist the
rt2800pci module and setup the
rt3090sta module to load at boot.
The rt3290 chipset is recognised by the kernel
rt2800pci module. However, some users experience problems and reverting to a patched Ralink driver seems to be beneficial in these cases.
New chipset as of 2012. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink. Different manufacturers use it, see the Belkin N750 DB wireless usb adapter forums thread.
New chipset as of 2012 with support for 5 Ghz bands. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink and some effort to compile them. At the time of writing a how-to on compilation is available for a DLINK DWA-160 rev. B2 here.
The driver is now in the kernel, but many users have reported being unable to make a connection although scanning for networks does work.
The dkms-8192cuAUR package in the AUR may be a better choice for some users.
The driver is part of the current kernel package. The module initialization may fail at boot giving this error message:
rtl819xE:ERR in CPUcheck_firmware_ready() rtl819xE:ERR in init_firmware() step 2 rtl819xE:ERR!!! _rtl8192_up(): initialization is failed! r8169 0000:03:00.0: eth0: link down
A workaround is to simply unload the module:
# modprobe -r r8192e_pci
and reload the module (after a pause):
# modprobe r8192e_pci
The MadWifi team currently maintains three different drivers for devices with Atheros chipset:
madwifiis an old, obsolete driver. Not present in Arch kernel since 126.96.36.199[4].
ath5kis newer driver, which replaces the
madwifidriver. Currently a better choice for some chipsets, but not all chipsets are supported (see below)
ath9kis the newest of these three drivers, it is intended for newer Atheros chipsets. All of the chips with 802.11n capabilities are supported.
There are some other drivers for some Atheros devices. See Linux Wireless documentation for details.
External resources:
If you find web pages randomly loading very slow, or if the device is unable to lease an IP address, try to switch from hardware to software encryption by loading the
ath5k module with
nohwcrypt=1 option. See Kernel Modules#Options for details.
Some laptops may have problems with their wireless LED indicator flickering red and blue. To solve this problem, do:
# echo none > /sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::tx/trigger # echo none > /sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::rx/trigger
For alternatives, see this bug report.
External resources:
In the unlikely event that you have stability issues that trouble you, you could try using the compat-wireless package. An ath9k mailing list exists for support and development related discussions.
ipw2100 and ipw2200
These modules are fully supported in the kernel, but they require additional firmware. Depending on which of the chipsets you have, install either ipw2100-fw or ipw2200-fw. Then reload the appropriate module.
- use the
rtap_iface=1option to enable the radiotap interface
- use the
led=1option to enable a front LED indicating when the wireless is connected or not
iwlegacy is the wireless driver for Intel's 3945 and 4965 wireless chips. The firmware is included in the linux-firmware package.
udev should load the driver automatically, otherwise load
iwl3945 or
iwl4965 manually. See Kernel modules#Loading for details.
iwlwifi is the wireless driver for Intel's current wireless chips, such as 5100AGN, 5300AGN, and 5350AGN. See the full list of supported devices. The firmware is included in the linux-firmware package.
Disabling LED blink
iwlegacy and
iwlwifi drivers.
The default settings on the module are to have the LED blink on activity. Some people find this extremely annoying. To have the LED on solid when Wi-Fi is active, you can use the systemd-tmpfiles:
w /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger - - - - phy0radio
systemd-tmpfiles --create phy0-led.conf for the change to take effect, or reboot.
To see all the possible trigger values for this LED:
# cat /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger
/sys/class/leds/phy0-led, you may try to use the
led_mode="1" module option. It should be valid for both
iwlwifi and
iwlegacy drivers.
Other Notes
- By default,
iwl3945is configured to only work with networks on channels 1-11. Higher frequency bands are not allowed in some parts of the world (e.g. the US). In the EU however, channels 12 and 13 are used quite commonly (and Japan allows for channel 14). To make
iwl3945scan for all channels, add
options cfg80211 ieee80211_regdom=EUto
/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf. With
iwlist frequencyyou can check which channels are allowed.
- If you want to enable more channels on Intel Wifi 5100 (and quite possible other cards too), you can do that with the crda package. After installing the package, edit
/etc/conf.d/wireless-regdomand uncomment the line where your country code is found. When executing
iwlist wlan0 channel, you should now have access to more channels (depending on your location).
See Broadcom wireless.
Other drivers/devices
Tenda w322u
Treat this Tenda card as an
rt2870sta device. See #rt2x00.
This should be a part of the kernel package and be installed already.
Some Orinoco chipsets are Hermes II. You can use the
wlags49_h2_cs driver instead of
orinoco_cs and gain WPA support. To use the driver, blacklist
orinoco_cs first.
The driver
p54 is included in kernel, but you have to download the appropriate firmware for your card from this site and install it into the
/usr/lib/firmware directory.
prism54, which might conflict with the newer driver (
p54pci or
p54usb). Make sure to blacklist
tiacx-firmware (deleted from official repositories and AUR)
See official wiki for details.
zd1211rw is a driver for the ZyDAS ZD1211 802.11b/g USB WLAN chipset, and it is included in recent versions of the Linux kernel. See [5] for a list of supported devices. You only need to install the firmware for the device, provided by the zd1211-firmware package.
Host AP is a Linux driver for wireless LAN cards based on Intersil's Prism2/2.5/3 chipset. The driver is included in Linux kernel.
orinico_cs driver, it may cause problems.
Ndiswrapper is a wrapper script that allows you to use some Windows drivers in Linux. See the compatibility list here. You will need the
.inf and
.sys files from your Windows driver. Be sure to use drivers appropriate to your architecture (
x86 vs.
*.exe file, you can use cabextract.
Follow these steps to configure ndiswrapper.
1. Install the driver to
ndiswrapper -i filename.inf
2. List all installed drivers for ndiswrapper
ndiswrapper -l
3. Write configuration file in
ndiswrapper -m depmod -a
Now the ndiswrapper install is almost finished; follow the instructions on Kernel modules#Loading to automatically load the module at boot.
The important part is making sure that ndiswrapper exists on this line, so just add it alongside the other modules. It would be best to test that ndiswrapper will load now, so:
modprobe ndiswrapper iwconfig
and wlan0 should now exist. Check this page if you are having problems: Ndiswrapper installation wiki.
Patched compat wireless drivers correct the "fixed-channel -1" issue, whilst providing better injection. Please install the compat-drivers-patchedAUR package from the AUR.
compat-drivers-patchedAUR does not conflict with any other package and the modules built reside in
These patched drivers come from the Linux Wireless project and support many of the above mentioned chips such as:
ath5k ath9k_htc carl9170 b43 zd1211rw rt2x00 wl1251 wl12xx ath6kl brcm80211
Supported groups:
atheros ath iwlagn rtl818x rtlwifi wl12xx atlxx bt
It is also possible to build a specific module/driver or a group of drivers by editing the PKGBUILD, particularly uncommenting the line #46. Here is an example of building the atheros group:
scripts/driver-select atheros
Please read the package's PKGBUILD for any other possible modifications prior to compilation and installation.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Genus Ixodes in North America
U.S. Government Printing Office, 1945 - Ixodes - 246 pages
From inside the book
64 pages matching venter in this book
Where's the rest of this book?
Results 1-3 of 64
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Common terms and phrases
Adanals anal plate angustus Auriculae auritulus banksi Bishopp broad broadly rounded brunneus capitulum and coxae capitulum and scutum Combined length convergent cookei Cooley and Kohls Cornua curved denticles distinct dorsal dorsum faint faintly crazed Female capitulum Female metatarsus Genital aperture Goblets holotype HOSTS AND DISTRIBUTION Hypostome impunctate inner faces Internal spur Ixodes kingi lateral margins lateral profile lines leg I. F. length of articles Length of tarsus longer axis transverse Macula marmotae marxi Median plate Metatarsus and tarsus middle mildly convex moderate in length neotomae Neumann numerous Nuttall Nymph capitulum ochotonae original description oval Palpal article Palpi flattened palpus paratype pine squirrel Porose areas posterior edges posterior horn posteriorly postero-lateral margins punctations rounded and salient rounded apically Scapulae scapularis sculptus shining sides species specimens Spiracular plate spur on coxa Surface smooth tarsus IV venter ventral plates ventral view basis widest width of basis XI XI


text:
ICD-10 Code M10.252
Drug-induced gout, left hip
Diagnosis Code M10.252
Short Description: Drug-induced gout, left hip
Long Description: Drug-induced gout, left hip
Version 2019 of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code M10.252
Valid for Submission
The code M10.252 is valid for submission for HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
- Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00–M99)
Information for Medical Professionals
The diagnosis code M10.252 is grouped in the following Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG V35.0)
Convert to ICD-9
- 274.00 - Gouty arthropathy NOS (Approximate Flag)
- 274.01 - Acute gouty arthropathy (Approximate Flag)
Information for Patients
Also called: Gouty arthritis
Gout is a common, painful form of arthritis. It causes swollen, red, hot and stiff joints.
Gout happens when uric acid builds up in your body. Uric acid comes from the breakdown of substances called purines. Purines are in your body's tissues and in foods, such as liver, dried beans and peas, and anchovies. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood. It passes through the kidneys and out of the body in urine. But sometimes uric acid can build up and form needle-like crystals. When they form in your joints, it is very painful. The crystals can also cause kidney stones.
Often, gout first attacks your big toe. It can also attack ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows. At first, gout attacks usually get better in days. Eventually, attacks last longer and happen more often.
You are more likely to get gout if you
- Are a man
- Have family member with gout
- Are overweight
- Drink alcohol
- Eat too many foods rich in purines
Gout can be hard to diagnose. Your doctor may take a sample of fluid from an inflamed joint to look for crystals. You can treat gout with medicines.
Pseudogout has similar symptoms and is sometimes confused with gout. However, it is caused by calcium phosphate, not uric acid.
NIH: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Gout (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Uric acid - blood (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Uric acid - urine (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]
ICD-10 Footnotes
General Equivalence Map Definitions
The ICD-10 and ICD-9 GEMs are used to facilitate linking between the diagnosis codes in ICD-9-CM and the new ICD-10-CM code set. The GEMs are the raw material from which providers, health information vendors and payers can derive specific applied mappings to meet their needs.
- Approximate Flag - The approximate flag is on, indicating that the relationship between the code in the source system and the code in the target system is an approximate equivalent.
- No Map Flag - The no map flag indicates that a code in the source system is not linked to any code in the target system.
- Combination Flag - The combination flag indicates that more than one code in the target system is required to satisfy the full equivalent meaning of a code in the source system.
Present on Admission
The Present on Admission (POA) indicator is used for diagnosis codes included in claims involving inpatient admissions to general acute care hospitals. POA indicators must be reported to CMS on each claim to facilitate the grouping of diagnoses codes into the proper Diagnostic Related Groups (DRG). CMS publishes a listing of specific diagnosis codes that are exempt from the POA reporting requirement.


text:
WhiteHat Security has released its Sentinel Mobile application assessment solution to target the mobile app testing market, capable of testing "on device" or when applications reside on a server.
More Insights
White PapersMore >>
ReportsMore >>
- How to Improve Enterprise Defense Using Network Segmentation and Microsegmentation
- Find out What Your Peer's Top Priorities Are For 2020
The software provides "accurate and actionable" application vulnerability information across today's increasingly rapid software development lifecycle (SDLC).
The firm already produces the "non-mobile" WhiteHat Sentinel to assess, verify, and report code-level flaws in applications that are in a state of current fluid development or are in postproduction deployment.
"Mobile is clearly accelerating businesses' application development practices as it replaces the 'traditional' web, but mobile security until now has not kept the needed pace to mitigate the added risk," said Stephanie Fohn, CEO of WhiteHat Security. "With Sentinel Mobile, we are offering an advanced, platform-agnostic solution to evaluate all facets of in-house or third-party mobile applications, regardless of device or OS."
"Mobile application security has seen too much confusion and fragmentation and not enough focus on where the heart of security problems truly lie," said Jerry Hoff, vice president, source code analysis division, WhiteHat Security. "The majority of mobile application problems live on the server-side and go unnoticed or untreated, creating even more attack surfaces to exploit."
The Sentinel Mobile service can continuously scan all iOS, Android or other mobile apps in their environment; evaluate device- and server-side code, both static and dynamic (and correlate the results); and identify application-specific vulnerability trends to improve developer practices.


text:
Thanks to the recent cold weather, Good Friday might be a bad Friday for residents counting on holding a traditional crawfish boil.
Thanks to the recent cold weather, Good Friday might be a bad Friday for residents counting on holding a traditional crawfish boil.
Chilly weather has knocked back the catch coming out of ponds and the Atchafalaya Basin, and flooding earlier this year in important crawfish-producing parishes impacted farmers earlier in the season. Many seafood dealers say they're already turning down hundreds of orders for crawfish, and residents that haven't placed an order yet may have a tough time finding mudbugs to boil.
"I'm afraid my recommendation might be that if you can't find a sack of crawfish to cook an etoufee," said David Savoy, president of the Louisiana Crawfish Farmers Association. "People are not going to get what they're looking for."
Crawfish are available throughout the year in Louisiana, but boils are most popular in the spring, especially during Lent when Catholics and some other Christians traditionally eat seafood and avoid meat as a penance on Fridays. Many Cajuns also celebrate Good Friday with a crawfish or seafood boil.
Easter weekend is one of the biggest money-makers for farmers and seafood dealers. The crawfish season peaks from February through April.
Heavy rain flooded tens of thousands of acres of crawfish ponds in Iberia, Acadia and St. Martin parishes in January, said Stephen Minvielle, Louisiana Crawfish Farmers Association executive director. Crawfish farmers didn't anticipate that flooding would wipe out the vegetation in crawfish ponds, diminishing their food supply.
Minvielle said he's been supplementing food for his crawfish, but it is a pricey process.
In addition, flood waters allowed young crawfish to escape ponds and brought in fish that feed on them, Savoy said.
"They're not there to grow up," he said.
Minvielle estimated farmers have experienced losses of 20 percent to 25 percent.
Cold snaps also impact crawfish supplies, so the brisk weather this week means crawfish will be scarce and expensive for Good Friday.
"This is an extremely odd year," said Gary Blanchard, owner of Crawfish House in Houma. "Good Friday is so early, and we've got this cold weather."
Blanchard said while the air might feel pleasant, when the water temperature drops to a certain point, "Mother Nature tells the crawfish: 'Don't do nothing.' " They grow sluggish and don't eat, meaning farmers catch half of what they'd normally bring in.
Farmers and retailers said demand is far exceeding availability as Easter weekend grows closer.
Douglas Davis, who with his wife Nancy owns Nancy's Seafood Shack in Houma, said Tuesday he'd already taken 300 orders for Good Friday, and availability would only lessen as the week went on.
They were selling crawfish for $3 a pound live and $5.75 boiled, or 10 pounds for $50, as of Wednesday.
"The phone is ringing off the hook," he said. "People love their crawfish."
Blanchard said he's been getting calls from as far away as Houston and Baton Rouge looking for crawfish. He took all the orders he was comfortable he could handle early in the week, and all other sales will be first-come, first-serve through the weekend.
He was selling live crawfish for $2 to $3 a pound and boiled for $4 to $4.50 a pound Wednesday, depending upon size.
Minvielle said he'd personally turned down orders for more than 200 sacks of crawfish in the last two days.
It's the misfortune of working in a business that's highly sensitive to seasonal changes, temperature and rainfall.
"I would love to be making money and getting people their crawfish, but it's up to Mother Nature," he said. "We need a little divine intervention."
Staff Writer Nikki Buskey can be reached at 448-7636 or firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
A Turks and Caicos visa is not required for citizens of United States. You will need a passport valid for 6 months past then entry date. We can assist with any US passport expediting services that may be needed.
Easy. We provide personal service every step of the passport and visa process.
Fast. Expedited services are available.
Trusted. Featured on MSNBC, Forbes and USA Today.


text:
You might think these little guys were just boring brown moths until they take flight and a brilliant flash of orange is displayed.
It's a superwash treated 4ply sock yarn that's soft and textured. It's spun from 85% merino wool with 15% neps. It is suitable for approximately 2-3mm needles. About 400 metres per 100g skein.
This yarn is presented as a skein. If you would like it caked then this adds 24h to the dispatch time. The listing for my caking service is here:
If you love a hand-dyed sock or shawl yarn then take a look in our shop as we have some lovely bright colourways inspired by nature:
You can use any payment method accepted by Etsy. If you need to cancel an order please contact me as soon as possible and I will oblige. If you are overseas you are responsible for any import taxes incurred.
All UK orders go first class within 24 hours and usually arrive within two to three working days. You can upgrade to guaranteed next day delivery if you wish. Claims of non receipt may be made on the 15th day after dispatch and not before. However, I obtain tracking information for some domestic orders so please ask if your order is delayed as I should be able to help you find it.
Overseas orders are sent via airmail and take two to six weeks. Please allow extra time during the run up to Christmas! You can upgrade to international tracked and signed (from five days) for only the actual cost of that service. Claims of non receipt for standard airmail should not be made until 25 working days after postage, until that time an order is considered delayed only. By purchasing you are agreeing to these policies.
I offer full refunds upon safe return of your order. If I am at fault I will reimburse return postage costs but if I am not then the buyer is responsible for these. Please contact me beforehand so a course of action can be agreed.
You must return the item in the condition you received it in and you should not expose it to cats or their environment as one member of our family is dangerously allergic. If you have cats, simply keep your returns safely in the packaging they arrived in until you post them back and they will be absolutely fine.
**Please do not ask to return things you have USED. Seriously, that's not nice!!**
Please do not ask me to combine orders or to apply retrospective discounts. You are agreeing to the sale price when you pay.
No, I'd like you to buy some yarn!
Wholesale prices are 2/3 retail prices plus postage with a minimum purchase of 20 skeins or equivalent weight of yarn.
Almost all my yarn is superwash treated, so you can use the wool cycle on your washing machine, although hand washing is kinder if you have the time.
I choose acid dyes rated "wash fast" or "very wash fast" at 30*C, and I test wash each colourway. Nonetheless it is sensible to wash items separately on the first occasion as with any fibre or garment.
If you put my yarn in on long hot washes with fast spins, harsh detergents and stain remover they will age and fade much faster. This is not my fault, wool is like that, and you make your choices.


text:
Get the Flash Playerto see this player.
|Innocent High
Short review: Innocent High is a site I would recommend for purchase. The girls are young, they are all as cute as can be and not a one of them are without a high sex drive. Their skirts come up, their tops come off and their legs come open! The pictures were great, and the enlargements were presented nicely. The videos were put together in different connection speeds to go with the episodes and full run time.
Content Amount: As a stand alone this one would be worth the cost of consumption, but the fact that they offer 5 bonus sites to go along with just sweetens the pot a bit. Hundreds of pictures with each gallery and they offer episodes for speed or a full length movie run.


text:
The department of theatre at Hope College will present "bobrauschenbergamerica," by Charles L. Mee, on Friday and Saturday, Feb. 15-16, and Wednesday-Saturday, Feb. 20-23, at 8 p.m. in the DeWitt Center main theatre.
"bobrauschenbergamerica" is a melting pot of shared cultural history inspired by the 20th-century visual artist Robert Rauschenberg, best known for his vibrant collage works. Likewise, playwright Charles L. Mee weaves a theatrical landscape of American iconography with music, dance, and a variety of original and existing texts. The result is a dizzying journey led by a quirky ensemble of characters that peers into the recent past with humor and affection to discover the promises of the 21st century.
The play is directed by guest artist, Donnie Mather. A New York theatre artist who last appeared at Hope in 2009 in his one-man play "A Show of Force," Mather is a former associate artist at SITI Company and founder of The Adaptations Project.
"Charles Mee breaks the rules of traditional playwriting," said Mather, who has worked with the playwright twice before. "Ultimately, Mee celebrates the pluralism of America, with all its beauty, its ugliness, its simplicity, its vastness, its music, its geography, and its potential."
The cast includes sophomore Brittany Bernardi of Ventura, Calif.; sophomore Dylan Connor of Tallahassee, Fla.; junior Lauren Ezzo of Haslett; sophomore John Haga of Rochester; sophomore Josh McCammon of Ann Arbor, freshman Mollie Murk of Huntley, Ill.; freshman Cameron Pratt of Zeeland; freshman Nick Richardson of Ann Arbor; senior Jesse Swatling-Holcomb of Oakland, Calif.; and freshman Theodora Zucker of Lake Orion.
The production team includes faculty members Michelle Bombe, costume designer; Richard Smith, scenic designer; and Perry Landes, lighting designer. Staff members Paul Anderson is technical director, and staff member Darlene Veenstra costume shop manager. Mather is also providing choreography and sound design.
Joining the faculty and staff on the team are sophomore Emily Svendson of Crystal Lake, Ill., as stage manager, junior Aaron Haecker of Winchester, Va., as assistant lighting designer, freshman Tomas Brvenik of London, United Kingdom, as assistant sound designer, junior Andrea Lindsay of Pheonix, Ariz., as properties designer, and sophomore Molly McNair of Belleville, Wis., as assistant costume designer. Freshman Kristen Brown of Broken Arrow, Okla., and sophomore Alexandra Leppek of Bay City are assistant stage managing.
Tickets for "bobrauschenbergamerica" are $10 for regular admission, $7 for senior citizens and Hope College faculty and staff, $5 for children 18 and under and Hope students, and free for Hope students, and are available at the ticket office in the main lobby of the DeVos Fieldhouse. The ticket office is open weekdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and can be called at (616) 395-7890. Tickets are also available online at tickets.hope.edu/ticketing/
The DeVos Fieldhouse is located at 222 Fairbanks Ave., between 9th and 11th streets. The DeWitt Center is located at 141 E. 12th St., on Columbia Avenue at 12th Street.


text:
Terms of Service Agreement
This website WowCity.com, including our advertising network, is a portal intended to connect shoppers to businesses and businesses to shoppers within a given city or geographic area. This TOS applies to our site visitors (Non-members, no accounts, guest users) and Portal Members (Shoppers and Businesses owning an account).
This website and portal services (collectively as "services") are provided by WowCity E-Media Services ("we", "our", "WowCity"), an interactive media group, for the purpose of helping businesses obtain web presence (websites in WowCity.com ex. http://widgets.wowcity.com), online promotions (listings and classifieds), and advertising (paid placement and positioning of classifieds, listings and banners).
This Terms of Service Agreement ("TOS") puts forward the legal terms that bind the use of our services by Portal Members and all Users (collectively as "you", "your"). You agree to be bound by our TOS when using our services, whether your usage is intended or unintentional, you are website user or "Visitor" ( someone who is simply browsing), and you are a "Portal Member" (a registered account holder in this website). You are only authorized to use this website if you agree to abide to this agreement. Please read this agreement completely. If you do not agree, you are then obliged to leave the website and not to use or participate in any of our services. Portal members shall adhere to the TOS at all times while using the services provided for all activities involved in maintaining your portal services and while using the website.
Portal Members are Shoppers and Businesses who registered with us and have access information to manage their own portal services in the website. The Shopper account is the starting point in advertising in WowCity. Once a Shopper account is created by business owners, they will have access to business services such as business listing, classifieds, and website. These businesses are represented by its owners or authorized contact persons nominated by the business to conduct a relationship with WowCity as the provider of the advertising services. All businesses are subject to our verification and approval process in order to maintain reliable and trustworthy content in our website. We reserve the right to refuse service, use, and memberships to anyone at our own sole discretion.
This TOS includes Portal Members Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for the use of our portal services and the Contents posted and displayed in the website and the Eligibility Requirements. The website is intended for the general public and our contents are FREE for the Users for browsing and viewing only. Portal Members and Users are not to download any pictures, images, media files, and photos from the website.
Due to the nature of the Internet as a very public and accessible medium, WowCity will perform best efforts to monitor the contents of the website. Users can also use the link "Report Abuse" to send us a report about any inappropriate material posted in the website. You will not hold WowCity responsible or liable for any harm or loss caused by the use of the website from any contents, false claims, misleading advertising, and product or service disputes.
WowCity assumes no responsibility for the contents provided and posted by our Portal Members. We do not guarantee the accuracy of any information in this website coming from Search Results, business addresses, and business information. It will be up to YOU to get in contact with the business and we are not responsible for any direct or circumstantial damages and loss caused by Contents from our Portal Members, errors with address, and map and directions.
WowCity reserves the right, in our sole and final decision, the removal, suspension, modification, and termination of any Portal Member Account and Access who are in violation of the AUP, breach of contract, non-payment or late payment of services, and for any reason disclosed or undisclosed by us, at anytime, with or without any prior notice or consent, and without any liability to us and to any our affiliates.
Portal Members Acceptable Use Policy:
I. All Portal Members MUST agree to the AUP at all times.
1. Provide accurate and complete information when advertising products and/or services. You MUST honor all promotions and coupons placed in your page, if any. 2. Do not make false and misleading claims about your business, products, and services. 3. You are not allowed to say anything against any business and you will practice fairness as a Portal Member by promoting your products and services without comparison to others. No profanity or any offensive language is allowed in any content of your Portal Page. 4. Your Account Log In information must be kept in your sole confidence and must not be shared to anyone. We advice that you change your Username and Password from time to time to prevent someone else from accessing your account. We assume NO liability for the occurrence of hacking and unauthorized access to your account, damage to your portal page, and to any loss incurred by this event. 5. Videos, Media Clips, Media Streams, Photos, and Images cannot contain nudity, sexually explicit material, offensive words, any offensive content, false claims, lewdness, acts of violence, and any objectionable form of material or content. 6. All Contents in your Portal Web Page MUST ALL be related to your and/or your business. 7. All Photos and Images placed, linked, uploaded, and posted MUST be owned by the business prior to posting or display, where YOU have 100% rights and ownership of the photos taken by you or by your hired photographer for the purposes of advertising and promoting your business. All persons appearing in the PHOTOS and IMAGES MUST have a SIGNED WAIVER in your custody or the photographer. You will be fully responsible for any copyright claims or violations for images and photos in your account. 8. You will not place anyone else's information in your Portal Page; for example, display someone's address, phone number, and email. The ONLY Address, Phone Numbers, and E-mail allowed in the website are your business' public information. 9. Your E-mail can ONLY be displayed in your website portal upon checking the BOX to display it as a link or by you typing your email in your portal page. 10. You agree to NOT DO any of the following in the Control Panel or Dashboard: upload any malicious files, put java scripts, use form tags, embed any malicious code, and link to executable files, php scripts, download links.
You will NOT HOLD WowCity and all its affiliates liable for any material or content YOU have in your Profile Page, Account, Video, Images, Postings, Comments, Reviews, Classifieds, and Website. This website is for the use of the General Public, please adhere to the AUP with care.
II. Portal Member Eligibility:
Shopper Members
OPEN to everyone with a valid e-mail address.
Important Note to Shoppers: PREVENT ONLINE FRAUD! Shop and transact with businesses you know and trust. Do your part in contacting the businesses and obtain references before buying from them. Do not give out your personal information to the public domain. We recommend that you keep your privacy and do not type or post any vital and personal information to your profile and web pages.
Business Members 1. Must be a valid and registered business entity. 2. Must have a valid Business License or Permit. 3. If applicable, you must have a valid Seller's Permit (you sell tangible goods).
Upon the request of WowCity, you MUST furnish us with copies of these documents for the verification of your business via mail, fax, or email. Understand that you are solely responsible for resolving disputes and complaints from your customers.
III. Proprietary Rights for Site Contents
All images, photos, media clips, textual content, and any material published or posted by you in this website grants us the full rights, which is non-exclusive, and thereby gives WowCity the right to modify, and reuse the images for the contents of our website and network websites while you have an account with us.
IV. Your Rights and Privacy
We will keep your private information within WowCity.com and its affiliates. These are the information about you that we deem to be public:
All other information you post in your profile or website.
Business Members
1. Business Address 2. Name of your Business 3. Business Telephone Numbers 4. Business Website URL 5. All other information you post in your profile or website.
Your e-mail address can be supplied to the public in your own sole discretion. Your name and contact person's name for business purposes can be placed by only you by typing it in the HTML editor sections. We strongly advise YOU to NOT put any personal contact information in you portal page such as home address, cell phone numbers, sensitive personal story and personal email.
All private information you provide to us will be kept within the bounds of our company, portal network, and our trusted affiliates. We will not sell, publish, and post in the website any of your private or personal information you provide to us or derived from any conservation with WowCity.
We will ask for your permission and written consent if we need to publish private information for the purposes of profile interviews, content sections, publicity, and promotion purposes of the website.
You have the right to get in touch with our company to resolve any questions.
V. Fees and Dues
All fees, payments, monthly subscriptions, and deposits made to WowCity are to be received within the stipulated time-frame as specified in the written contract or via the web through the use of Checkbox forms. Any breach of contract, TOS, and AUP shall result in the termination of your account without any notice or grace period without any refund or money owed by us to you. You will need to pay all reactivation fees and incurred balances owing us before your service is reactivated.
We reserve the right to make changes to our prices and fee structures.
VI. Rights to Communicate
We are given the right and privilege to communicate with you via phone, fax, and email with regards to our services, products, updates, and newsletters.
VII. Disputes
A. Portal Members
We reserve the right to investigate disputes between or amongst portal members. WowCity has no obligation to resolve any disputes and Portal Members must settle disputes amongst themselves. We may at our own sole discretion act on the removal or suspension of any Portal Member account as necessary. B. Portal Members to Users and Vice-Versa
Disputes between Businesses and Shoppers are to be settled by the Portal Member.
C. Portal Members and WowCity
Portal members and WowCity agree to make a good faith effort to resolve any disagreement. In the event of failure to resolve the dispute, the disagreement or claim shall be submitted by either party to arbitration in Los Angeles County, California and in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association.
VIII. Indemnity
Portal members shall indemnify and hold harmless WowCity (agents and employees) and its affiliates from any and all claims, damages, liabilities, costs, and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees, made by any third party due to the breach of contract, TOS, AUP, and for copyright violations arising from the use of our services by our Portal members.
IX. Limitation of Liability


text:
Amazon AppStream is now available to all developers after its initial preview at fall's re:Invent conference.
AppStream technology represents a low-latency service to stream "resource intensive" applications and games from the Amazon cloud. AppStream deploys and renders an application on AWS infrastructure and streams the output to computers, tablets, and smartphones.
Developers are invited to use AppStream to build complex applications that run on "simple devices" that are "unconstrained" by the compute power, storage, or graphical rendering capabilities of the device.
Amazon AppStream includes an SDK that currently supports streaming applications from Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 to devices running FireOS, Android, iOS, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows.
An application can take advantage of the g2instance type including high-performance GPU-powered rendering of 2D and 3D graphics.
Amazon offers a variety of instance types such as compute-optimized, memory-optimized, and so on, and the G2 instance falls into the GPU-optimized family that enjoys popular use cases in game streaming, 3D application streaming, and other server-side graphics workloads.
With AppStream, an application runs in a Windows 2008 R2 environment on an EC2 instance. It can make use of native Windows APIs and AWS resources such as relational (Amazon RDS) and NoSQL (Amazon DynamoDB) databases, persistent object storage (Amazon S3), caching (Amazon ElastiCache), message queues (Amazon SQS), publish and subscribe messaging (Amazon SNS), and email delivery (Amazon SES).
"Your client code runs on a desktop (Windows or Mac) or a mobile device running FireOS, Android, or iOS. The client code calls AppStream to obtain an Entitlement URL through an Entitlement Service (we supply a sample that you can use as-is, customize, or use as the basis for your own implementation). The client opens the Entitlement URL to initiate the streaming of video and audio content for playback. The client is also responsible for routing keyboard, mouse, and other device events to the application for processing," said Jeff Barr, chief evangelist for the Amazon Web Services.


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LOUIS VUITTON Monogram Palm Springs Backpack Mini
We guarantee this is an authentic LOUIS VUITTON Monogram Palm Springs Backpack Mini or 100% of your money back. This petite backpack features a body of sturdy monogram coated canvas with a black calfskin trim and a front zipped pocket. The backpack is reinforced with strong cowhide leather including a black padded handle and adjustable leather shoulder straps. The top zipper opens to a black nylon fabric with a patch pocket. This is a versatile backpack with timeless appeal, ideal for everyday essentials, from Louis Vuitton!
Base Length: 6.25 in
Width: 3.5 in
Height: 8.5 in
Drop: 1 in
Adjustable Drop: 18 in
Item #: 267914
Item Location: Carlsbad, California
Comes With: dust bag, straps
Designer ID#: AR4125
Year: 2015
Exterior: Edge wear , sticky surface, faint corner wear
Handle: Structure wear
Hardware: Scratch(es)
Please remember that most of the items that we carry have been previously owned. Unless otherwise stated, they may not be in absolutely flawless condition. We include very detailed pictures and give accurate written descriptions... so check them carefully. Please pay particular attention to the sizes and measurements.
Standard US domestic shipping is FREE. Express & International shipping prices are determined by item size & destination so please add this to your cart and refer to our shipping page for a specific price quote.
Shipping includes: Insurance, signature confirmation, and top quality packaging. All items will be shipped generally within 1 business day from the receipt of payment. Delivery times are based on business days (Mon-Fri except Holidays).
Taxes: Sales tax will be charged on all items shipped to CA, UT, and NY
RETURNS: If you are not satisfied with your purchase, you may return it for a refund within 30 days of the ship date with the security tag attached.
Fashionphile is not affiliated with Louis Vuitton. We guarantee this is an authentic Louis Vuitton item or 100% of your money back. (find out how). Louis Vuitton is a registered trademark of Louis Vuitton.


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http://www.fieldgulls.com/2012/11/12/36 ... k-analysis
Golden Tate is officially the starting X-receiver for the Seahawks, if there was any lingering doubt about depth charts or roles going forward. He and Sidney Rice are the two receiver mainstays in this offense now, both seeing 50 offensive snaps apiece vs. the Jets. Both players are clicking very well with Wilson, and both players are providing Wilson great downfield options.
Both Rice and Tate saw 50 snaps apiece.
Anthony McCoy is not being phased out of the offense, collecting about 37 snaps. Evan Moore on the other hand, seems to be, even though he did collect a DPI on his only snap.
In other news though, Bruce Irvin got two TFL's and two sacks in 13 snaps! Damn, that's pretty good!