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November 17, 2015
Henrik Stenson
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
SARAH GWYNN: Henrik, thanks for joining us this afternoon. Welcome back to Dubai. Pretty special for you where you're chasing three in a row here this week. Just sum up your thoughts ahead of the week.
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, it's one of my favourite weeks of the year, as you know, and yeah, I'm excited about the opportunity to make it three in a row. It's not going to be easy, I know that much.
I've got 59 other players who wants to stop me dearly and I'm just going to go out and try and, yeah, make the same plan and hopefully play somewhat close to what I've done the previous two years, and we'll see if we can give it a shot.
Great to be back in Dubai. Nice to see the sun after a couple of weeks in China, and as always, good weather, good food, good golf course and a lot of familiar faces. It's a nice week to end the 2015 season.
SARAH GWYNN: You have friends and family here this week?
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, coming in as we speak. I've got my own crew is coming on Friday, mid day. They are flying over from America and we are going to spend some time here after the tournament and head down to South Africa, as well. It's going to be good to see the kids. Haven't seen them for 3 1/2 weeks, almost a month, so looking forward to that. My parents, they have been here the previous two years. There was no way they weren't going to be here for this year's tournament.
And then of course a lot of friends that I made over the years down here that's going to come out and support and be here at the event. So I'm keeping busy.
You've won here two years in a row. One of the things that really stood out in both the years is the number of greens that you hit in regulation. I think already, after what you have done in the past week at Shanghai, you were hitting 70 greens in regulation the first three days and 16 the fourth day --
HENRIK STENSON: I don't know what happened there. I know something went misfiring (laughter).
Is your game plan going to change in any way from what you have done in the past two years knowing that you have definitely become better as a player over the last two years? Has it changed in any way or are you planning to change anything that you have done on this golf course over the past two years?
HENRIK STENSON: Not really. I think you'd be kind of stupid to change so much of the plan I've used the previous two years. It's going to stay the same.
Today was the first time I was out on the golf course. It played a little softer. The greens were a little softer but it's still early in the week so I'm sure they are going to firm up a bit. They are a bit softer on the fairways, as well. Potentially some of the holes might play a little bit longer and depending on that, it might be one or two more drives maybe than in the past years.
But the spots that I'm trying to hit off the tee is going to be the same. I think it's key to try and avoid the rough and the deep bunkers off the tee. The more greens you hit, it's going to be easier to 2-putt than to make up-and-downs from the rough. So I really feel like I'm getting a big advantage of hitting a lot of fairways and greens, and that's been key to my success here in the past two years.
Can you just tell us what your remaining schedule is for the rest of the year, and also, I believe you're having a knee operation in December, if you would just talk a little about that, please.
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, so I'm staying here for a couple of days after the event and then heading down early to South Africa. A bit of safari with the family. Hopefully I don't get eaten by a lion, and then I play in the Nedbank Challenge the week after that.
And then straight back to Orlando for a little scope surgery on my right knee, meniscus cleanup. It's been kind of going in the wrong direction but it's not been that bad, either. I'm definitely still playable, but I want to do it as a bit of a precaution before next year. Rather clean it up now in the off-season and get some rehab done than to have to take some breaks in the middle of the season if it goes bad.
It's such an important year with the Olympics and Ryder Cup and four majors and everything else, so hopefully I can be 100 per cent when the season starts again. My plan is still to start up in Abu Dhabi. I did a similar procedure in 2011 in early December and I was able to play in Abu Dhabi, even though it was kind of tight at times. I hope to be back in action for when we start here again in January.
Was that the same knee in 2011?
HENRIK STENSON: No, that was the left one. Now it's the right one. So I'm trying to balance things up. (Laughter).
But it was a similar procedure, yeah. It was a torn meniscus in my left one and now it's in the right one.
What is it that's enabled you to play so well here? And also you've been a resident of the UAE in the past; do you think it's familiarity with the course that just helps?
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, I think I've always felt very much at home. I made Dubai my home for almost ten years. Coming back here, I feel like I'm coming home in a way, and that certainly helps.
Yeah, I like desert golf. We touched on it earlier there that hitting a lot of fairways and greens, that's kind of my strong part of my game, and that's really paying off on a golf course like this one, and especially on bermuda, same when I won the TPC Sawgrass in 2009, it's also played on bermuda. Good ball-striking is going to give you an even bigger edge compared to maybe a normal week.
So yeah, and it's a fairly long golf course and hitting high iron shots that stops quickly, that's something I can do pretty well at times. So that works well around here, too. A combination of things, but yeah, being so familiar with Dubai certainly helps a little bit, too.
If I asked you to name the Flagship Event on The European Tour, which event would you go for?
HENRIK STENSON: Well, I think it would be a tight race between this one and Wentworth. Those are the two main ones outside the majors and WGCs on the schedule I would say. I'm not being biased if I say this one but just a little bit.
Keith Pelley's goal over the next three years is to make The European Tour a viable opportunity to the PGA Tour. That's his stated goal. Do you see that as a possibility?
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, I mean, there's always room for improvement, and I'm looking forward to see what we can make -- what changes we can make to make the Tour bigger and better and stronger. Of course it's always going to be challenges, and we know it's a challenge for the players who play both in America and on the PGA Tour to travel all around the world and play enough tournaments everywhere and so on and still keep the quality of your game and get enough practise and rest in.
So there's challenges, but it's always interesting to see what the new boss has in mind and what he can change in the years ahead.
What have you made of what you've seen of Keith or spoken to Keith so far, and obviously the changes announced, confirmed this morning, about the number of events required to keep your membership; what's your view on that?
HENRIK STENSON: I think it was a welcomed kind of change but it's still not a change. It's mainly a change if you are not having a great year and you're still exempt in America and so on. I had it in 2011, or was it 2012, I was just going everywhere, really, to keep my numbers. I played two in Europe, one in the US and one in China in a month, and then I had a few days before I knew what was up-and-down coming back to the States from that trip.
It just makes it a little bit easier if you're not in all the big events, really. Gives you a bit of a breather then, so I think it's a good thing. For anyone who is Top-50 and are playing all the big ones, it's not really making any difference. So it's still pretty much the same. Same-same but different we could call it.
I'm going to have a little sit-down with Keith later on and it's going to be interesting to hear his thoughts, yeah.
Can I just go back to the thing about the knee. You said it was kind of -- you have a feeling; is it affecting your swing in any way?
HENRIK STENSON: Not really. It picked up this summer. I started getting a little fluid collection on the back of my knee, so it's a little joint fluid kind of slipping out of the knee joint.
Are you subconsciously favouring it?
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, I'm just hopping on my left all the time (laughter).
When my left one was bothering me in 2011, that really showed up in the prep for Augusta. I was up there playing a practise round with Poulter and G-Mac and I could barely finish the last nine that we played, and I just kind of battled through that year and had the operation done. This one has not been as bad but I feel like it's heading in the same direction. So it's been more clicking and a little swollen and so on, but not really bothering me playing golf.
I was a little worried when I was heading out for this six-week trip, playing five tournaments, that it could be potential problems, but so far, so good. I'm just going to ride it out and get the procedure done. So I can't really -- if I hit a poor shot, I can't really blame the knee, no.
This week there are seven players in contention to win The Race to Dubai and for a lot of them beneath McIlroy, Willett, they need to win this tournament to win. That must make your defence of this tournament trophy a lot harder, and do you relish the competition?
HENRIK STENSON: Yeah, I think it's going to be difficult to win a tournament like this no matter how the standings are. But of course, it's going to be maybe even a little bit more focused on a few of those boys; mind when they are coming in, it's all-or-nothing, they have to win to have a chance for the overall title. Might make them try a little harder, but I guess it can back fire if you're trying too hard, as well.
I just need to play really solid if I want to be up there again, and that's my open, of course, and I think it's an exciting week for the golf fans since we have got the two leaders only a thousand Euros apart roughly and a lot of scenarios and a lot of things that can happen there and they can certainly not feel safe, because as you said, the other five players behind them can jump them all with the win.
So an exciting week to watch and for myself, it was much further down and just have to try and focus on a good week to try to make it three in a row and that's exciting enough in itself. Yeah, it's a good week ahead of us.
These knee things that you're having done, are normally the sort of thing that gets done to older people. What's the cause --
HENRIK STENSON: Where are you going with this? (Laughter).
I think it's just wear and tear. I think I put a decent amount of force down through my legs the way I'm swinging. To be fair, I don't know, I might have done the tear in the meniscus might have happened coming off a water slide in the Bahamas or whatever, I'm not sure. I don't have a specific time and place where I feel like, oohh, I think that something went there.
It's probably gradual wear and tear and then some little thing playing soccer in the backyard, which is a good thing to do. No one's been injured doing that.
Whatever, just a little tweak at the wrong time might just send it over the edge. I think it's a lot of wear and tear. I've got a fair amount of stress in my knees in my golf swing. As you know yourself, you're not hitting it 300 yards by just tapping it. It is a fairly common thing among golfers to have to do these things, and I don't know if I'm too young to have it done or not, but I'm turning 40 next year.
One of the things that was in Turkey and also in Shanghai, I saw a lot of Scandinavian players, Swedish players, spending a lot of time in the gym, and one of them actually said that it's guys like Henrik Stenson who have just brought this change of going to the gym and spending time over there. Also, the win for Sweden last week on Sunday. Can you tell me, do they give you credit for what is happening with Swedish golf?
HENRIK STENSON: No, I think I can only take credit for the wins that I manage to accumulate. I think I've got nine of those, so it's a fair chunk I guess. But I would like to make it to ten at least. And it would be a good week to do it. I haven't won this year, so it would be a nice one to finish off here.
But to look back on the physical side, I think that was more when Tiger was really coming on the scene. He changed the way players look on the physical side and a lot more players started going to the gym and then of course it becomes a trend and it's a good trend. I feel like I'm in probably as good of shape that I've ever been in my career.
Over these last three years I worked pretty hard with my physio trainer, Cornel, to make sure that I'm fairly balanced and fairly strong. That's hopefully going to prolong my career so I don't need to have any operations or anything (laughing). Injury prevention and just recovering quicker and also being strong in a way that can help you with your golf swing and your golf game is key, too.
So probably it's better to do it late than never, and if I could have done a bit more of this probably ten, 15 years ago, I probably could have been even a little bit better. It's a good thing to do, and that's one of the best advice I could give to any young player to really start early looking after your body because this game is going to take its toll. There's a lot of wear and tear. It's a very one-sided movement, and your body is going to take hits. And when you reach in kind of the regions where I'm in, it starts showing up a lot more than it does when you're 25. It's a crucial part.
It was just great to see Kristoffer win last week. Of course I was trying my hardest to make it ten out of the hundred for myself, but when I couldn't win, I was very happy to see him win. He's been there a few times and he's a good guy and a very hard-working player. Very good to see him win.
SARAH GWYNN: Okay, we'll leave it there. Thank you and good luck this week.
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text:
Boston Scientific to take Acyst outside the US
This article was originally published in Clinica
Executive Summary
Advanced UroScience's injectable bulking agent for stress urinary incontinence, Acyst, will be distributed outside the US by Boston Scientific. Boston will take a percentage of the company as part of the deal. Acyst is a patented pyrolytic carbon micro-bead in a carrier compound. The beads are claimed to be non-migratory, biocompatible, but not resorbable. The compound is used for permanent bulking around the bladder neck. St Paul, Minnesota-based Advanced UroScience has already CE-marked the product.
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*AER stands for Annual Equivalent Rate and illustrates what the interest rate would be if interest was paid and added each year.
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Marvel Comics has revealed Star Wars spinoff Kanan: The Last Padawan in its latest solicitations.
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Cowboys get farther than ever
Camp Verde loses 2nd round game but succeed where other teams failed
Coach Luke Steege couldn't remember the last time, if ever, the Camp Verde football team had made it to the second round of State. Unfortunately for the Cowboys, this year's second-round game would be the farthest they would go as Thatcher won 45-12 Friday night.
The Cowboys traveled a long way for the 2A State second-round game. They knew Thatcher would be tough, but was even tougher was losing two defensive ends before the game was over.
Thatcher scored first on a field goal in the first quarter. Then a fumble turned into a touchdown for the Cowboys with a quarterback sneak by Zach Hauser to give the Cowboys an early lead at the end of the first quarter, 6-3.
Camp Verde was staying strong with the tough Thatcher team. But early in the second quarter, disaster struck. Emery Brown sprained his ankle and was taken out of the game, leaving a big hole on the left side of the offensive line. Freshman Michael Toth came in for Brown and played his heart out, but the void was definitely felt by the team.
Thatcher began an offensive attack that Camp Verde couldn't quite keep up with despite another touchdown in the second quarter from a Hauser to Waylon Bleak pass play. At the half, the Cowboys were trailing 24-12.
Although the team had lost Brown and they were trailing at the half, coach Steege still felt as if the Cowboys were in it and could mount a comeback before time would expire. In the third quarter, Camp Verde's other big man on offense and defense, Beau Tudor was kicked out of the game because of a late hit to Thatcher's quarterback.
With Brown and Tudor out, Toth and Shawn Oothoudt filled in. Despite their efforts, they couldn't protect against a top 2A team. Quarterback Hauser back in the pocket was hurried and the Cowboys' running game was forced to only run on the right.
Damien Baca was the main target of Thatcher and had a hard time making the yardage, but ran as hard as he could through defenders. William Trahin also put everything he could into his run.
"They could have given up," said coach Steege. "But they didn't, they just ran harder and harder."
When everything was said and done, the Cowboys played their hearts out in what was a losing battle after two key players were gone from the game.
"Once the wheels came off the cart, it was all down hill from there," said coach Steege. "The kids from Thatcher were hitters and they were fast."
Even though the game turned out to be more of an uphill battle than expected, the team finishes its season 9-3. The Cowboys over the past two years are 17-6. Coach Steege himself is over .500 with a record of 40-35.
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text:
plural of Indian summer
Synonyms & Antonyms of Indian summers
See the Dictionary Definition
as in autumns
Synonyms & Near Synonyms for Indian summers
- blooms,
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- springtimes
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text:
Turkey has rejected a recent Russian proposal to the Turkish delegation in Moscow regarding the de-escalation zone in northern Syria, local media reported yesterday.
Pro-regime Daily Sabah said that the Russian offer had included a "60 per cent reduction in the de-escalation space," describing the proposal as "shameful."
"The second talks between Russia and Turkey have been suspended after Ankara's rejection to the proposal," the newspaper added. It noted that Russia had proposed "reducing the de-escalation zone and withdrawing the 12 Turkish observation points from the strategic M5 highway."
Read: The tug of war between Turkey and Russia in Syria continues
In September 2018, Turkey and Russia reached an agreement to establish a de-escalation zone in Idlib to allow civilians to live in without the threat of warfare.
However, since then, more than 1,800 civilians have been killed in attacks by the Syrian army and Russian forces in the area.


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The Cody girls basketball team stayed alive at the 4A West Regional Tournament with a 43-36 win Friday morning against Evanston.
The Fillies play the loser of the Kelly Walsh, Star Valley game at 8:30 a.m. Friday morning. The winner of the Saturday game advances to the third place game and clinches a spot in the state tournament.
Against hosts Evanston, Cody was led by freshman Reece Niemann with 12 points and sister Kennedi Niemann with nine.
Brittan Bower and Ally Boysen added six points each.
The Fillies went back and forth with the Lady Red Devils all night and took the lead for good when Reece sank a pair of free throws for a 35-33 lead with just under four minutes to go.
Cody held on at the free throw line, finishing 20 of 27 from the line for the game.
Green River girls 58, Cody 42
The No.4 Cody girls basketball team couldn't hold on against No. 1 Green River on Thursday, falling 58-42 in the opening round of the 4A West Regional in Evanston.
The Fillies play Evanston at 10:30 a.m. Friday with both teams needing a win to stay alive in the tourney.
Against the Lady Wolves, Kennedi Niemann led the way with 11 points, while Torrie Schutzman, Reece Niemann and Abby Boysen each scored eight.
Cody was down 27-25 at the half and briefly took a lead at 29-27 in the third quarter, but the Fillies couldn't halt a Green River run, which led to a 45-37 opponent lead after three.


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The confinement in our homes is forcing millions to stop abruptly, cancel all our plans, and take time to look in the mirror.
The Spanish Evangelical Alliance sends a letter to the Human Rights Secretary of Uruguay after the latter said that "the new phenomenon of evangelical fundamentalism" is a threat to "democratic foundations".
The Secretary General of the Spanish Evangelical Alliance, Xesús Manuel Suárez, has sent a letter to the Human Rights Secretary of the Uruguayan government, Nelson Villareal, after the latter heavily criticised the evangelical churches in a published interview.
In an interview with magazine Búsqueda, Villareal had said he feared that "the new phenomenon of evangelical fundamentalism that emerges strongly" could be a threat to democratic coexistence in Uruguay.
The words of Villareal come in the context of the opposition expressed by a number of evangelical entities and churches to the new Uruguayan Transsexuality Law. Earlier this year, Christian groups promoted a national referendum to stop the legislation. The turnout was of 10.1% of the population, which automatically invalidated the vote, as the needed 25% of participation was not reached. The participation, nevertheless, surprised many, as Villareal himself admitted.
The Uruguayan government Human Rights Secretary said: "The advance of evangelical fundamentalism is worrying because, it is not just that a religious tradition is adding to the social coexistence, but they are disrupting the normal exercise of politics, trying to determine the ways of living of the people, and their private life".
The statements of Villareal, said Xesús Manuel Suárez in a letter, "put evangelicals on the bull's eye, they are put under suspicion for the only reason of having expressed their views on issues around which a mature democracy needs to admit freedom of opinion, such as the issue of legislation that gives privileges to gender ideology lobbies".
In the letter, Suárez reminds the Uruguayan government that "evangelicals have suffered all kinds of persecution and discrimination and therefore we do condemn all kinds of discrimination against human beings, no matter for what reason. We have never demanded privileges just because we have been discriminated, and we have never claimed to impose our beliefs via indoctrination in all educational sectors – something that in contrast is happening with gender ideology both in Spain and in your own country [Uruguay]".
This way of stigmatising those who think differently, writes Suárez, is an evidence that "the dogmas of the past have changed (…) but the heretics seem to be the same".
"You have committed a serious blunder discrediting us evangelicals for no reason, with a partiality that is not adequate for the position you represent, as a representative of the rights of everyone, not of the dogmas of a part of the political spectrum", adds the leader of the Spanish Evangelical Alliance.
"I invite you to get to know us better, to renounce to your prejudices, and to discover that you can find in us the best allies in the fight against discrimination and in the defense of civic rights".
The full letter of the Secretary General of the Spanish Alliance to the Human Rights Secretary of the government of Uruguay (in Spanish) can be read and downloaded here (PDF).
If you want to comment, or
The Director of the Jubilee Centre (Cambridge) analyses the impact of the financial crises on families, and the future of the workplace in a connected world, from a Christian perspective.
Jim Memory analyses the main issues that have changed Europe in the 2010-2019 decade. How should Christians live in a continent that has lost its soul?
An interview with the socio-political representative of the European Evangelical Alliance about how evangelical Christians work at the heart of the European Union.
Are Christians called to make a difference in environmental care? What has creation care to do with "loving our neighbours"? An interview with the Global Advocacy and Influencing Director of Tearfund.
Christians joined the Evangelical Alliance Week of Prayer in dozens of European cities as local churches came together to worship God.
Photos of the student conference that brought together 3,000 European Christians in Germany. 'Revive our hearts, revive our universities, revive Europe'.
Dave Patty shares about the notion of parenting children on God's behalf.
"Prayer is like a fire. One spark that someone prays should ignite a passion in someone else". Mike Betts leads the network of churches Relational Mission.
A video summary of the student conference that gathered 3,000 in Karlsruhe, Germany. 6 days in 6 minutes.
Opinions expressed are those of their respective contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of Evangelical Focus.


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Super 8 by Wyndham Hollywood/LA Area
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Results 1 to 3 of 3
03-05-2020, 12:33 AM #1Egg
- Join Date
- Feb 2020
- Posts
- 8
How do I know if yeast stalled prematurely?
How would I know if my primary fermentation stalled out prematurely? My starting specific gravity was 1.092. I didn't measure again when I racked to secondary - I just waited for bubbling to decrease to 1 every 25-30 seconds; took about 3 weeks which seemed good, but didn't have as strong alcoholic scent to it like I remember from first time, which is making me second guess how things went. Is there a SG range I want to hit before racking to secondary? Should I pull a sample and measure?
You shouldn't rack at all unless your ferment is done. A transfer of the entire biomass from a bucket to more sealed vessel like a carboy is OK, but that's the entire biomass, not racking off of lees. Airlock bubbles don't tell you much. SG readings tell you if your fermenting is going and if it's done.
You should always know what your SG is before racking to secondary.
I don't know what yeast you used, but I'm going to assume you used something that can tolerate that potential ABV. With proper rehydration, O2, and nutrients, you should easily get to an SG of 1.000 (maybe a bit less).
I'd pull an SG reading now to see where it's at and let us know.
I'd highly recommend you invest more time into understanding modern protocols and a bit of the science before starting another batch. The podcasts here starting back in Sept 2017 are a great place to start.
So generally counting bubbles is not overly helpful. Most here will recommending checking SG on schedule. When the SG stops dropping your fermentation has stopped. If your SG is around 1.000 then your mead is dry (all the sugar is fermented), if the SG is significantly higher than 1.000 then your fermentation may have stalled.
Stalling would be based on the ABV the yeast could tolerate. If your fermentation has produced enough ABV to reach your yeasts tolerance then it will not ferment further and this would not be a stall regardless of the SG. However, when your yeast have stopped fermenting (SG stable over 3 days) and have not fermented to their ABV tolerance then a stall is likely.
In general leave your mead in the primary, with the biomass, until you have completed the fermentation (SG stable for 3 days, and without a stall). With modern techniques it really doesn't take that long to complete; prematurely racking to the secondary and leaving behind your biomass does not help you much. Respect oxidation but don't be terrified of it. Mead doesn't easily oxidize so headspace isn't something to fear until you are aging for months in the vessel.Remember that knowledge has value even when its free! Consider becoming a GotMead patron member to help Vicky host this awesome site.
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Sweco assigned to support climate adaptation in Poland
18 March 2020
Sweco has signed a contract with the State Water Holding Polish Waters, as part of a consortium, for the review and preparation of flood risk management plans. The value of the contract is 9.4 million EUR.
We work at home for tomorrow's sustainable society
18 March 2020
Over the past few days, our employees have largely worked from home, physical meetings have become conference calls and extra measures have been taken with regard to hygiene and social distance. In the meantime, we have been able to organise ourselves further for the complete closure of our offices.
Notice of Annual General Meeting in Sweco AB (publ)
12 March 2020
Sweco acquires the Temco trade fund
11 March 2020
Sweco Belgium is continuing its strong growth with the acquisition of the trade fund of Temco, which is an engineering firm from Lummen and a former subsidiary of the parent company Ecophos. The commercial court of Antwerp, department Hasselt, granted its approval following the bankruptcy of the company. Temco mainly provides engineering, maintenance and consulting services to companies in the ferrous/nonferrous, chemical and food sectors. The company also handles medium-sized assignments in the energy and automotive sectors.
Sweco acquires the Danish architecture firm KANT Arkitekter A/S
02 March 2020
Sweco has signed an agreement to acquire the Danish architecture firm KANT Arkitekter. KANT Arkitekter has a strong position in the public-sector learning and housing segments, particularly in the eastern part of Denmark.
Sweco collaborates on the largest floating solar park in Flanders
24 February 2020
The Flemish government has approved its support level for Floating PV, the largest floating solar park in Flanders. Sweco has drawn up the feasibility study for the authorisation of floating PV installations at the Sibelco reclamation lakes, as well as the environmental permit application for this solar park. We're now acting as technical advisor during the tender phase, implementation and Operation & Maintenance.
Year-end report 2019 Sweco AB (publ)
12 February 2020
Solid quarter concludes best year so far
Talboom becomes part of Sweco
16 January 2020
Sweco has signed an agreement to acquire Talboom Group, a Belgian consulting company with 110 employees that is active predominately in the pharmaceutical and infrastructure markets.
New canal will facilitate sustainable transport of goods
17 December 2019
Sweco and Arcadis are partners of a consortium responsible for planning and design of a large waterway for inland vessels up to 4,400 tonnes between France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Société du Canal Seine-Nord Europe is the client.
Oosterweel project wins gold at BIM Awards
06 December 2019
The Oosterweel project has won the highly acclaimed BIM Award in the category of infrastructure projects. This is a collective performance of the client Lantis, together wit Sweco, our partner Witteveen+Bos, and Geonius and Bimplan.


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Find a copy online
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|Electronic books
|Additional Physical Format:
|Print version:
Das, Ashok, 1953-
Lectures on gravitation.
Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific, ©2011
|Material Type:
|Document, Internet resource
|Document Type:
|Internet Resource, Computer File
|All Authors / Contributors:
Ashok Das
|9789814329378 9814329371
|OCLC Number:
|1 online resource (xi, 338 pages) : illustrations
|Basics of geometry and relativity. Two dimensional geometry ; Inertial and gravitational masses ; Relativity --
Relativistic dynamics. Relativistic point particle ; Current and charge densities ; Maxwell's equations in the presence of sources ; Motion of a charged particle in EM field ; Energy-momentum tensor ; Angular momentum --
Principle of general covariance. Principle of equivalence ; Principle of general covariance ; Tensor densities --
Affine connection and covariant derivative. Parallel transport of a vector ; Christoffel symbol ; Covariant derivative of contravariant tensors ; Metric compatibility ; Covariant derivative of covariant and mixed tensors ; Electromagnetic analogy ; Gradient, divergence and curl --
Geodesic equation. Covariant differentiation along a curve ; Curvature from derivatives ; Parallel transport along a closed curve ; Geodesic equation ; Derivation of geodesic equation from a Lagranian --
Applications of the geodesic equation. Geodesic as representing gravitational effect ; Rotating coordinate system and the Coriolis force ; Gravitational red shift ; Twin paradox and general covariance ; Other equations in the presence of gravitation --
Curvature tensor and Einstein's equation. Curvilinear coordinates versus gravitational field ; Definition of an inertial coordinate frame ; Geodesic deviation ; Properties of the curvature tensor ; Einstein's equation ; Cosmological constant ; Initial value problem ; Einstein's equation from an action --
Schwarzschild solution. Line element ; Connection ; Solution of the Einstein equation ; Properties of the Schwarzschild solution ; Isotropic coordinates --
Tests of general relativity. Radar echo experiment ; Motion of a particle in a Schwarzschild background ; Motion of light rays in a Schwarzschild background ; Perihelion advance of Mercury --
Black holes. Singularities of the metric ; Singularities of the Schwarzschild metric ; Black holes --
Comological models and the big bang theory. Homogeneity and isotropy ; Different models of the universe ; Hubble's law ; Evolution equation ; Big bang theory and blackbody radiation.
|Ashok Das.


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The benchmark 30-year fixed-rate mortgage fell this week to 3.74 percent from 3.75 percent, according to Bankrate's weekly survey of large lenders.
A year ago, the 30-year was 4.29 percent. Four weeks ago, the rate was 3.56 percent. The 30-year fixed-rate average for this week is 0.62 percentage points below the 52-week high of 4.36 percent, and is 0.18 percentage points greater than the 52-week low of 3.56 percent.
The 30-year fixed mortgages in this week's survey had an average total of 0.29 discount and origination points.
Over the past 52 weeks, the 30-year fixed has averaged 3.93 percent. This week's rate is 0.19 percentage points lower than the 52-week average.
- The 15-year fixed-rate mortgage rose to 3.09 percent from 3.06 percent.
- The 5/1 adjustable-rate mortgage rose to 3.84 percent from 3.64 percent.
- The 30-year fixed-rate jumbo mortgage was flat at 3.92 percent.
At the current 30-year fixed rate, you'll pay $462.55 each month for every $100,000 you borrow, down from $463.12 last week.
At the current 15-year fixed rate, you'll pay $694.92 each month for every $100,000 you borrow, up from $693.47 last week.
At the current 5/1 ARM rate, you'll pay $468.24 each month for every $100,000 you borrow, up from $456.90 last week.
Results of Bankrate.com's weekly national survey of large lenders conducted April 1, 2020 and the effect on monthly payments for a $165,000 loan:
|30-year fixed
|15-year fixed
|5-year ARM
|This week's rate:
|Change from last week:
|Monthly payment:
|Change from last week:
Mortgage rates have been volatile, but they are stabilizing, according to Bankrate's national survey. Meanwhile, the 10-year Treasury has plunged back below 1 percent, to 0.577 percent on April 1, which means fixed-rate mortgages may also trend down in the days to come.
Where mortgage rates are headed
In the week ahead (April 1-7), none of the experts predict that rates will rise, 78 percent of the experts predict a drop in rates and 22 percent predict that rates will remain relatively unchanged (plus or minus 2 basis points). Calculate your monthly payment using Bankrate's mortgage calculator.
It's rare that there's a consensus on mortgage rates for the coming week, but none of our experts see them rising.
"Mortgage rates for most lenders are much higher than would be indicated by the yields on the 10-year Treasury and mortgage-backed securities. Lenders are dealing with multiple issues at this point," said Michael Becker, branch manager, Sierra Pacific Mortgage, White Marsh, Maryland.
"Capacity to handle the volume of loan applications; liquidity constraints brought about by margin calls largely as a result of the Fed buying mortgage-backed securities; and, most importantly, uncertainty in regards to the potential forbearance of mortgage payments and the damage that is doing to the value of mortgage servicing rights. In this environment, it's hard to predict the direction of mortgage rates as there are wild swings day to day and from lender to lender. My hope is that uncertainty wanes and the mortgage market settles down and we will see lower rates in the coming week."
For homebuyers and refinancers, there's no hurry
Rate watchers want to know if this is the time to jump on low mortgage rates or if they should wait a little longer in hopes of getting even deeper discounts on loans. It's a good bet rates will trend lower or at least at these low levels for many weeks and possibly months to come.
Bankrate polls experts each week on the direction of mortgage rates.
Keep in mind that many lenders have raised their posted rates to discourage inquiries because they are so busy. It's important to call the lender to find out if they can do better than a rate you see online; oftentimes they can.
There is also the possibility that the spread between the Treasury yields and mortgage rates will tighten, which will help drive rates lower. But with the federal Reserve's move to intervene in the mortgage-backed securities market, anyone who wants a mortgage this spring should be able to snag a super-low rate.


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$12.00Learn how to tap into the continual flow of God's power and receive a renewed anointing from the Holy Spirit. Believe God and receive a fresh anointing today! Learn More
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text:
Edited by Ma JY
Published online Apr 15, 2001. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v7.i2.293
Revised: August 22, 2000
Accepted: August 26, 2000
Published online: April 15, 2001
- Citation: Luo Y, Yuan CX, Peng YL, Wei PL, Zhang ZD, Jiang JM, Dai L, Hu YK. Can ultrasound predict the severity of acute pancreatitis early by observing acute fluid collection? World J Gastroenterol 2001; 7(2): 293-295
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v7/i2/293.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v7.i2.293
The spectrum of acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from a mild spontaneously resolved disorder to severe disease with a mortality up to 20%-48.4%[1-3]. sAP is defined as the AP with organ failure and/or local complications which developed from acute fluid collection (AFC) including necrosis, abscess, pseudocyst formation into or around the pancreas[4]. sAP is only about 15%-25% but almost all of mortality and morbidity of AP is concentrated in it[5]. Early diagnosis and assessment of severity in AP are still far from ideal. The role of clinical assessment is reliable but for its subjectivity the value in the early detection of severity is limited[1,6]. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a promising laboratory marker of severity, even though it is not specific for AP[1]. Single or multiple biochemical criteria and different scoring systems have been used as prognostic indicators, but none has been proven satisfactory in clinical practice[1,6].
The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of evaluating the severity of AP by observing AFC using ultrasonography.
A total of 627 patients who underwent ultrasound examination for AP between 1996-01/1998-12 in the 1st Affiliated Hospital of West China University of Medical Sciences were analyzed retrospectively. Among them 293 were male and 334 female, aged from 4 to 82 years, with an average of 43.02 years; 502 had mild acute pancreatitis (mAP), and 125 severe acute pancrititis (sAP). All examinations were performed by attending doctors in the ultrasound department using AI Performa or Diasonics 2D Gateway ultrasound machines with 3.5-5MHz probes.
Usually on the d1 or d 2 after patient admission to our hospital, routine upper abdominal scanning was performed, with particular observation of the size and the echogenicity of pancreas, the pancreatic and bile ducts. Additional attention was made to peripancreatic AFC, including the lesser sac, anterior pararenal spaces, posterior pararenal spaces, peritoneal cavity, and even thoracic cavity.
Continued observation of the pancreas with further attention of those spaces mentioned above, as well as the presence or absence of AFC, the quality and the nature of the fluid (i.e., necrosis, abscess or psydeocyst). If necessary, an ultrasound-guided needle aspiration was performed in order to determine the nature of the fluid and to relieve any pressure build-up. Typically repeated scans were performed 3-7 days following the initial scan. However, this interval was dependent upon the severity of AP. For analysis, the patients were classified into four groups according to the fluid collection: no AFC, 1 site AFC, 2 sites AFC, more than 2 sites AFC.
All patients were treated by the methods, including traditional Chinese therapy, aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation, intensive monitoring of vital functions, supportive therapy. Operative intervention was used only when local complication occurred despite maximal conservative therapy.
Age, sex, etiology, hospitalstay, local complication, number of operation, mortality. sAP and mAP were diagnosed according to the clinical features, symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests and image findings.
The size of the pancreas, the number of spaces where there were AFC, as well as any regression or resolution in AFC were recorded. If fluid had resolved, the amount of time necessary for complete resolution and any complications associated with AP as well as the amount of time necessary to develop such complications were monitored. Meanwhile, the response to therapy (either medical or surgical), mortality, and length of hospital stay were noted.
Continuous variables were analyzed by t test. Discrete variables were analyzed by the χ2 test and rank sum test using SPSS. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
The number and distribution of AFC and the clinical outcome are summarized in Table 1.
In the local complication, all 22 local complications in one site were necrosis or pseudocyst formation in sac with or without infection; 56 local complication in two and more than two sites were sac necrosis formation with another space necrosis.
The operation meant all kind drainage for local complication during AP, did not include cholecytectomy after AP.
In dead cases, 4 cases with 0 and 1 site AFC died within 48 h of admission for multisystem organ failure with an average of 28 h; 16 cases with two and more than two sites AFC died within 2-35 days with an average of 18.6 d. Three patients died in wk 1, 4 died in wk 2, and 9 died in wk 3.
The prognostic significance of the severity of AP using AFC number are shown in Table 2 and Table 3.
|Clinical sAP
|Diagnosis mAP
|2 & > 2 sites
|< 2 sites
|Clinical sAP
|Diagnosis mAP
|> 2 sites
|2 & < 2 sites
Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process of pancreas, with varible involvement of other regional tissue or remote organ system, some inflammatory cytokine related to it and any high pressure of the pancreatic duct can lead to accumulation of pancreatic juice into pancreas or spill into the peripancreatic area[7-20]. As pancreas is situated in the anterior portion of the retroperitonium and behind the lesser sac, the fluid can accumulate in the lesser sac and the vast retroperitoneal space (especially in anterior pararenal space). The retroperitoneal space is bounded by the posterior parietal peritoneum in front and the transverse fascia behind , extending from the diaphragm to the upper brim of the pelvis. As soon as the pancreatic fluid and exudate enter the retroperitoneal space, they spread freely under tension, extending downward through the lateral part of the retroperitoneal space toward the iliac fossa and upward to the undersurface of the diaphragm and mensenteries involved[21-24].
AFC is quite common in acute pancreatitis[25], while more than 50% can resolve spontaneously, only part of them will develop into local complications, which include necrosis, abscess and pseudocyst formation into or around the pancreas[7]. Once local complications ensue, the onset of severe acute pancreatitis is established[4].
sAP is only about 15%-25% but almost all of mortality and morbidity of AP is concentrated in it[26-35]. The principle benefit of early correct assessment of severity in AP is that patients who require intensive monitoring and therapy are detected at once. The role of clinical assessment is reliable but for its subjectivity the value in the early detection of severity is limited[1,6]. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a promising laboratory marker of severity, even though it is not specific for AP[1]. Multiple-factor biochemical criteria and different scoring system, such as Ranson's early prognostic signs and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) have been used as prognostic indicators, but none has been proven ideal in clinical practice[1,6].
Contrast-enhanced CT is proven to be able to predict the severity of AP by scoring the degree of pancreatic tissue necrosis[36-39], yet the main and widely accepted indication for dynamic CT in AP is clinical suspicion of life threatening local complication and to plan invasive intervention 2-3 weeks after admission for its costliness and X-ray exposure. Therefore, the candidate with AP for contrast-enhanced CT was about 14%[1], and 11.5% patients receiving contrast-enhanced CT in our study was considered to be adequate. Preliminary experiences with magnetic resonance imaging have not identified advantages compared with contrast-enhanced CT[40].
Our data showed that the distribution of AFC is different in mAP and sAP, 96.4% (256/266) patients without AFC had mAP while 51.2% (84/164) patients in more than 2 sites AFC group had sAP. The number of AFC was related to the severity of AP, the hospital stay of patients, the emergence of local complication, and the operation possibility and mortality which is similar to other trials[37]. In other words, 69.1% patients in mAP had no AFC or 1 site AFC while 67.2% patients in sAP had more than 2 sites AFC, and 2 sites AFC in both mAP & sAP were 14.1%, this seemed to imply that 2 sites AFC is the watershed for mAP and sAP in ultrasonography, when there are 2 sites AFC in AP patients, further examinations should be made and more close attention should be paid. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 81.6%, 69.2% and 70.2% respectively if using 2 and more than 2 sites AFC to distinguish mAP and sAP. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 67.2%, 84.2% and 80.1%, respectively if using more than 2 sites AFC.
In conclusion, the number of AFC is related to the severity of AP, the hospital stay of patients, the emergence of local complication, the operation possibility and mortality. Our preliminary experiences showed that ultrasound can be used as an early and elementary prognostic indicator for severity of AP by observing AFC.
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|Ruan LB, Wang HG, Yang JZ, Tian GS. Case report of severe acute pancreatitis with left iliac artery thombosis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 2000;8:207.
|Pan XZ. The early diagnosis and therapy of severe acute pancreatitis. Xin Xiaohuabingxue Zazhi. 1993;1:49-51.
|Pei DS. The rare complication of acute pancreatitis. Xin Xiaohuabingxue Zazhi. 1993;1:119-120.
|Huang DY, Huang DX. The surgical therapy and prognosis of 80 cases severe acute pancreatitis. Xin Xiaohuabingxue Zazhi. 1993;1:140-141.
|Cheng RX. Thirty-five cases severe acute pancreatitis. Xin Xiaohuabingxue Zazhi. 1995;3:129.
|Xi XM, Zhu ZY, Wang XL, Dong QM, Shao JJ. Study on operative timing and procedures in acute necrotic pancreatitis. Xin Xiaohuabingxue Zazhi. 1997;5:387-388.
|Zeng JG. The treatment of 119 cases acute pancreatitis. Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 1998;6:393.
|Yuan QW, Shun L. The clinical analysis of 156 cases acute pancreatitis accompany with liver damage. Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 1998;6:402.
|Gong ZY, Tang YQ, Han TQ. The complications and operation of 109 cases severe acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 2000;8:1072-1074.
|Vesentini S, Bassi C, Talamini G, Cavallini G, Campedelli A, Pederzoli P. Prospective comparison of C-reactive protein level, Ranson score and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in the prediction of septic complications of acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg. 1993;80:755-757. [PubMed] [DOI]
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|Luo Y, Yuan CX, Jiang JM, Dai L, Peng YL, Li YZ. The clinical significance of ultrasound monitoring acute fluid collection in acute pancreatitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi. 2000;8:1077-1078.


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Avaamo's Project COVID looks to simplify questions and answers regarding the coronavirus
Avaamo is using conversational AI to make learning about the virus easierRead more...
Click Forensics has acquired display ad verification technology provider Adometry and changed its company name to Adometry.
Apple is expected to announce this week the launch of Joint Venture, a sort of Genius Bar service for businesses. Charging $499 for five users (and another $99 for each additional one), Apple will send a product specialist to help employees troubleshoot their Apple products.
Boxee closed a $16.5 million round of financing from new investors Pitango and Softbank, with participation by prior investors General Catalyst, Spark Capital and Union Square Ventures.
Qype, a location-based reviews and recommendation service, acquired Munich-based Cooledeals.de. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
Hosted application platform dotcloud is announcing $800K in angel funding today, from several angel investors, including Ron Conway, Chris Sacca and more.
Egnyte, provider of cloud file server solutions, will be launching an enterprise application this week for the new iPad 2.0.
Yet another online events calendar has launched. Eventist ignores this "social media revolution," however, and instead focuses on elegant simplicity.
Guardian Analytics, provider of online banking security, secured $11 million in Series D funding from new contributor Split Rock Partners and existing investors Foundation Capital and Sutter Hill Ventures.
Lightbank, the investment fund created by Groupon co-founders Brad Keywell and Eric Lefkofsky, is set to announce its first new partner hire, Paul H. Lee.
MaxPoint Interactive, provider of targeting technology for online advertisers, secured $8 million in funding led by Madrona Venture Group.
Intel announced Monday that its $7.68 billion acquisition of computer security company McAfee is officially complete.
Digital entertainment company Rovi announced Tuesday morning that it has acquired TV tracking site SideReel. The terms of the deal were not disclosed.
I am a professional writer with a decade of experience in the technology industry. At VatorNews, I cover the zero-waste economy, venture capital, and cannabis. I'm also available for freelance hire.All author posts
Avaamo is using conversational AI to make learning about the virus easierRead more...
How to Properly Manage IT Assets To Protect Your DataRead more...
A crisis like this puts pressure on the system and forces it to adapt fasterRead more...
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SideReel makes it easy to track shows you've watched and want to watch, get new episodes as soon as they become available, and share your favorite shows with friends. Get over 24,000 shows, 530,000 episodes and the latest community news, reviews and gossip in one place. If it's online, it's on SideReel.
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Egnyte delivers infrastructure on-demand services to small businesses looking to outsource their IT infrastructure. Egnyte's customers come from a wide variety of industries and include consultants, financial services firms, marketing firms, web design firms, accountants, real estate and mortgage firms, start-ups, medical & pharmaceutical companies and numerous non- profit firms. Egnyte supports customers today across USA, Canada, Europe and Asia.
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Eventist is an online community calendar that makes it easy for users to create and search for events for free. Eventist's strength is in its intuitiveness and ability to bring users to the content they want without complications. Eventist is ad-free and will generate revenue from featured events which are featured prominently on the site and have extra content such as video and audio contant.


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Honestly, we'll never feel "aimless" when we have music like this to be our beacon of light in the dark world that surrounds us. Berlin by way of Amsterdam's O-SHiN delivers alt and electro pop perfection on her third single, Aimless. It's a finely constructed twilight enchanter with swirling electronics, stuttering percussion, and even samples from a forest. We saunter through that forest, following this verdant and intricate sonic path laid down by the compelling artist. Every soft plink and watery burble fills us with wonder. Aimless is lifted from O-SHiN's debut EP, set for release this May.
Posts Tagged 'O-Shin'
March 1, 2018
October 14, 2017
I don't know if this new artist's chosen pseudonym is a nod to the word "ocean" or whether it's by chance O-Shin might be pronounced in a similar fashion, but the Berlin by way of Amsterdam newcomer certainly submerges us in an ocean of haunting bliss with her first song. A Revelation is a minimalist pop and shadowy future bass chimera that thoroughly bewitches. The song is like a metaphysical experience. Its surreal soundscape and clattering beats feels like James Blake paired with Bonobo, but with futuristic shimmers and dusky shudders, as well as a jazzy sophistication that even utilizes what sounds like a sitar to add even more other worldly richness to its multi-dimensional layers. Svelte Kill J meets AlunaGeorge-like vocals draw us ever deeper into A Revelations' breathtaking soundscape. O-Shin has taken a firm hold of us with this first release, and we can't wait to hear the debut EP that she's reportedly working on already. You can purchase A Revelation from iTunes, here.


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text:
Edited by: Rayne Rouce, Baylor College of Medicine, United States
Reviewed by: Benjamin Bonavida, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Bipulendu Jena, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States; Zsolt Sebestyen, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
This article was submitted to Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
†These authors have contributed equally to this work
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer characterized by proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). MM represents the second most frequent hematological malignancy, accounting 1% of all cancer and 13% of hematological tumors, with ~9,000 new cases per year. Patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and asymptomatic smoldering MM (SMM) usually evolve to active MM in the presence of increased tumor burden, symptoms and organ damage. Despite the role of high dose chemotherapy in combination with autologous stem cell transplantation and the introduction of new treatments, the prognosis of MM patients is still poor, and novel therapeutic approaches have been tested in the last years, including new immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). CD38 is a glycoprotein with ectoenzymatic functions, which is expressed on plasma cells and other lymphoid and myeloid cell populations. Since its expression is very high and uniform on myeloma cells, CD38 is a good target for novel therapeutic strategies. Among them, immunotherapy represents a promising approach. Here, we summarized recent findings regarding CD38-targeted immunotherapy of MM in pre-clinical models and clinical trials, including (i) mAbs (daratumumab and isatuximab), (ii) radioimmunotherapy, and (iii) adoptive cell therapy, using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-transfected T cells specific for CD38. Finally, we discussed the efficacy and possible limitations of these therapeutic approaches for MM patients.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm characterized by a clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM). MM arises from pre-malignant asymptomatic proliferation of PC, that are classified as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering myeloma (SMM) (
It has been demonstrated that conventional therapies, such as vincristine and doxorubicin, induce the expression of multidrug resistance genes and p-glycoprotein in tumor cells, that become resistant to different drugs (
In the context of MM, we have recently demonstrated that, within the bone niche, only PCs express CD38 at high levels. Moreover, CD38 expression can be detected on monocytes and early osteoclast progenitors but not on osteoblasts and mature osteoclasts, thus suggesting that CD38 expression was lost during
However, CD38 is known to be also detectable on other normal cell subsets, such as NK cells, B cells and activated T cells and the use of anti CD38 abs could thus affect the activity of normal cells. NK cells specifically play a pivotal role for the therapeutic effects of anti-CD38 mAbs, since they mediated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). This issue can be addressed by using anti-CD38 F(ab')2 fragments to protect normal cells from subsequent anti-CD38 mAb-mediated lysis, or by infusion of
Another possible limitation of CD38-targeted therapy may be represented by the variable expression of CD38 on malignant PC. In particular, CD38 expression may be downregulated following the first infusions of anti-CD38 mAbs, favoring immune escape and disease progression (
Anti-CD38 treatment may also generate resistance and induce tumor immune escape, through the up-regulation of two complement inhibitor proteins, CD55 and CD59 on MM cells. However, Nijhof and coworkers have demonstrated that ATRA treatment is also able to reduce CD55 and CD59 expression on anti-CD38-resistant MM cells, thus supporting the use of a combined therapy to improve complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CDC) against malignant cells (
In the last years, several novel immunotherapeutic approaches have been tested for MM patients, using CD38 as target, both in preclinical models and in clinical trials. These strategies include (i) mAbs specific for CD38, (ii) radioimmunotherapy, using radionuclides targeted to CD38 molecule, and (iii) adoptive cell therapy, using T cells transfected with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for CD38.
Development of mAbs against CD38 started in 1990 and anti-CD38 mAbs have been tested as immunotherapeutic strategy for MM patients, so far with limited beneficial effects. The anti-tumor effect of anti-CD38 mAbs is related to their ability to induce ADCC, CDC and ADCP of opsonized CD38+ cells. Moreover, anti-CD38 mAbs can induce a direct apoptosis of CD38+ MM cells via Fc-γ receptor-mediated crosslinking (
Schematic representation of the mechanism(s) of action of anti-CD38 mAbs on MM cells.
Here, we summarized novel findings obtained using anti-CD38 mAbs as therapeutic strategy for MM
Daratumumab is a human anti-CD38 mAb, which is able to trigger ADCC and CDC
Isatuximab (formerly known as SAR650984) is a humanized anti-CD38 mAb that exerts a strong pro-apoptotic activity independent of cross-linking agents, and potent anti-tumor activity related to CDC, ADCC and ADCP. These functions are equivalent
In the past, several anti-CD38 mAb have been developed and tested for their ability to induce ADCC and CDC against CD38+ MM cells. Stevenson and coworkers have developed a chimeric anti-CD38 mAb, composed by the Fab portion of OKT10 murine mAb linked to a human IgG1 Fc fragment. This chimeric mAb, but not the parental mAb, mediated ADCC using human mononuclear effector cells, and displayed limited side effects on other CD38+ cell populations (i.e., NK cells and granulocyte/macrophage or erythroid progenitor cells). Chimeric mAb induced ADCC using cells isolated from 14 MM patients subjected to various chemotherapeutic regimes, and such function was similar to that observed in normal individuals, thus suggesting that treatment with anti-CD38 chimeric antibody may be effective in these patients (
More recently, different studies have been aimed at the generation of novel mAbs targeting CD38. In one of these studies, a series of nanobodies against CD38 with high affinities have been generated. The authors identified the epitopes that bind these nanobodies on the carboxyl domain of CD38 molecule. Next, they binded these nanobodies to fluorescent proteins to quantify CD38 expression then confirming the higher CD38 expression on MM cells as compared to normal leukocytes. More importantly, they have generated an immunotoxin, binding nanobodies with a bacterial toxin, that displayed a highly selective cytotoxicity against patient-derived MM cells and MM cell lines, even at very low concentrations. Such effect can be further enhanced by stimulating CD38 expression using retinoid acid. These results suggested that these anti-CD38 nanobodies may represent a novel diagnostic and therapeutic tool for MM patients (
Since malignant PC are very radiosensitive, CD38 has been used as target for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in preclinical models of MM. Green and coworkers investigated both conventional RIT (directly radiolabeled antibody) and streptavidin-biotin pretargeted RIT (PRIT) directed against CD38 as therapeutic approach to deliver radiation doses sufficient for MM cell eradication. They demonstrated that the biodistribution was increased using PRIT as compared to conventional RIT. They achieved a tumor/blood ratio of 638:1 24 h after PRIT, whereas ratios never exceeded 1:1 with conventional RIT. (90)Yttrium absorbed dose displayed an excellent target/normal organ ratios (6:1 for kidney, lung and liver; 10:1 for whole body). Moreover, they observed an objective remission of MM in 100% of mice treated with doses ranging from 800 to 1,200 μCi of anti-CD38 pre-targeted (90)Y-DOTA-biotin 7 days after the treatment, with a complete remission at day 23, with undetectable tumor masses. Moreover, 100% of mice bearing MM xenografts treated with 800 μCi of anti-CD38 pre-targeted (90)Y-DOTA-biotin achieved a long-term tumor-free survival (more than 70 days) compared with 0% in the control group (
Recent findings suggest that CD38 may represent a good target for antigen-specific adoptive cell therapy. Indeed, T cells expressing CAR have been successfully used in several clinical trials for solid and hematological tumors (
A limitation on the use of CD38-specific CAR T cells may be represented by a possible toxicity of this approach, due to the presence of CD38 on normal cells, such as NK cells, activated T cells and B cells, as mentioned before. In this line, Drent et al. designed a novel class of doxycycline (DOX)-inducible CD38-specific CAR T cells, that are rapidly inactivated by low doses of DOX, allowing to control off-tumor effects within 24 h. Thus, this strategy adds a second level of safety in CAR T cell-mediated therapy of MM patients, allowing to control the activity of CAR T cells without destroying them permanently (
On the other hand, the anti-tumor activity of CD38-specific CAR T cells may be enhanced through the combination of these cells with conventional therapies, such as checkpoint inhibitors. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (PEM) increased and/or prolonged detection of circulating anti-CD19 CAR T cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Consequently, anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells was dramatically improved in PEM-treated patients (
The findings here reported confirmed that CD38 represents a good target for immunotherapeutic approaches for MM patients. Indeed, the efficacy of therapeutic strategies based on the use of mAbs or CAR T cells specific for CD38 has been demonstrated
CD38-targeted ongoing clinical trials (
|Study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of anti-CD38 CAR-T in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients
|Biological: Anti-CD38 A2 CAR-T cells
|Daratumumab (HuMax®-CD38) safety study in multiple myeloma
|Drug: Daratumumab plus Methylprednisolone and Dexamethasone
|Monoclonal antibodies for treatment of multiple myeloma. emphasis on the CD38 antibody Daratumumab
|Drug: Daratumumab plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone
|A Phase I/IIa study of human anti-CD38 antibody MOR03087 (MOR202) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
|Drug: MOR03087 phase 1 dose escalation plus Dexamethasone and others
|Active, not recruiting
|A study of JNJ-54767414 (HuMax CD38) (Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody) in combination with backbone treatments for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma
|Drug: Daratumumab plusVelcade, Pomalidomide and others
|Active, not recruiting
|Phase II study of the CD38 antibody Daratumumab in patients with high-risk MGUS and low-risk smoldering multiple myeloma
|Drug: Daratumumab
|CAR-T cells therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
|Biological: Anti-CD38 CAR-T Cells
|Isatuximab single agent study in japanese relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma patients
|Drug: Isatuximab SAR650984
|Active, not recruiting
|SAR650984 in combination with Carfilzomib for treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
|Drug: SAR650984 plus Carfilzomib
|Study of GBR 1342, a CD38/CD3 Bispecific antibody, in subjects with previously treated multiple myeloma
|Biological: GBR 1342
|Efficacy and safety study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in combination with Daratumumab in participants with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma
|Biological: Pembrolizumab plus Daratumumab
|Not yet recruiting
|SAR650984 (Isatuximab), Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone IN Combination in RRMM patients
|Drug: isatuximab SAR650984 plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone
|Active, not recruiting
|2015-12: a study exploring the use of early and late consolidation/maintenance therapy
|Drug: Daratumumab plus carfilzomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone and others
|Daratumumab in combination With ATRA
|Drug: Daratumumab plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
|Daratumumab in combination with Bortezomib and Dexamethasone in subjects with relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma and severe renal impairment
|Drug: Daratumumab plus bortezomib and dexamethasone
|Study of Isatuximab Combined With Bortezomib + Cyclophosphamide + Dexamethasone (VCD) and Bortezomib + Lenalidomide + Dexamethasone (VRD) in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) non-eligible for transplant
|Drug: Daratumumab plus lenalidomide, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and others
|SAR650984, Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in combination in RRMM patients
|Drug: Isatuximab SAR650984 plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone
|Active, not recruiting
|Daratumumab in Treating Patients With multiple myeloma
|Biological: Daratumumab
|Active, not recruiting
|Daratumumab, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapse and/or refractory myeloma
|Drug: Daratumumab plus thalidomide and dexamethasone
|Not yet recruiting
|Copper 64Cu-DOTA-Daratumumab positron emission tomography in diagnosing patients with relapsed multiple myeloma
|Biological: Daratumumab plus imaging agent using positron emission tomography
|Daratumumab in treating transplant-eligible participants with multiple myeloma
|Drug: Daratumumab plus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
|Daratumumab after stem cell transplant in treating patients with multiple myeloma
|Drug: Daratumumab plus autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and melphalan
|Not yet recruiting
|Multi-CAR T cell therapy in the treatment of multiple myeloma
|Biological: Anti-CD38 CAR-T cells
Response rates for ongoing clinical trials with available clinical data are reported in Table
Response rates in CD38-targeted ongoing clinical trials.
|Daratumumab Plus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (DRd) vs. Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (Rd) (
|DRd: 93%
|DRd: 78%
|DRd: 46%
|Daratumumab plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone (D,pom/dex) vs. Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone (pom/dex) (
|D, pom/dex: 60%
|D, pom/dex: 43%
|D, pom/dex: 17%
|Daratumumab Plus Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (DVd) vs. Bortezomib and Dexamethasone (Vd) (
|DVd: 84%
|DVd: 62%
|DVd: 26%
FM analyzed data present in the literature and wrote the manuscript. ALH, FC, NG, FMal and VP contributed to the writing of the final version of the manuscript.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.


text:
Got a gift card to circuit city from their replacement plan on an item I bought there that broke.
Now there's nothing in their store I want to buy, so I need to sell the card.
If you're interested email me, I don't plan on checking the thread too often, so first email wins.
... and the price is not negotiable, if I can't get $291 for it, I'll make myself find something I want to buy.


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City of Vista, CAHome Menu
Mommy's Little Learner
12 Months - 4 Years | Wednesdays | 9:00am - 10:00am
Join us for circle time, arts & crafts, storybooks and musical fun! Our staff will provide you and your child some unique 'mommy' and me time, creating special memories you will treasure for a lifetime. All project supplies provided and activities will be age appropriate. Open to moms, dads, grandparents with little ones!
Online Registration:
In-person registration:
Jim Porter Recreation Center
1200 Vale Terrace Drive
» Waiver 2019-2020
Required in order to participate in this class. Please print and bring with you or we will have copies in class.
Spring 2020 Dates, Fees, and Themes
February 5 - February 26: Hearts and Presidents
March 4 - March 25: Mother Earth's Gifts
April 1 - April 29: April Showers**
May 6 - May 27: Mom is the Bomb!
$66 resident / $81 Non-Resident
**5 Week Session - $40 Vista Residents / $49 Non-Resident
Email Us