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Solar Inverters. Ferrites in Renewable Energies: Solar Inverters. customer requirements. Support and flexibility to design custom product to fulfill
- Brice Terry
- 4 years ago
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1 Support and flexibility to design custom product to fulfill customer requirements Optimum ferrite material selection for magnetic applications in the design for cost saving, and performance improvement Reliability and efficiency are critical parameters on inverter design Ferrites in Renewable Energies: Solar Inverters Solar Inverters
2 FERROXCUBE is a member of the Yageo Group, which is among the world's strongest suppliers of high quality passive components. As a leading supplier of ferrite components, FERROXCUBE has manufacturing operations, sales offices, and customer service centers all over the world. We supply one of the broadest ranges of highquality, innovative products and place strong emphasis on miniaturization of magnetic functions. Ferrite components and accessories from FERROXCUBE are used in a wide range of applications, from telecommunications and computing electronics through consumer electronic products to automotive. Ferroxcube ferrites have achieved great penetration in renewable energies market thanks to its leadership in materials and shapes. The constant adaptation to the latest technologies is one of our main assets. Besides, we are working to offer outstanding solutions for the forthcoming development and expansion of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind power and smart grid.
3 Introduction Enabling High-efficiency Renewable Energies Power conversion from the generation source to the mains implies the use of different types of ferrites, especially in the case of solar inverters. Ferroxcube works to offer outstanding solutions for the forthcoming development and expansion of renewable energy installations such as solar and wind power, as well as hybrid technologies. Ferroxcube ferrites have achieved great penetration in renewable energies market thanks to its leadership in materials and shapes. The constant adaption to the latest technologies is one of our main assets. This application note shows what types of Ferroxcube materials and shapes are suitable for each part of the inverter, and highlights some of their features. Requirements for Renewable Energy Applications Reliability and efficiency are critical parameters in inverter design Optimum ferrite material selection for magnetic applications in the design for cost saving, and performance improvement Support and flexibility in designing customized product to fulfill customer requirements Current Sensing String Inverters DC/DC Boost Inverter EMI Filter MPPT Micro-Inverters DC/DC Boost Inverter EMI Filter Common Mode Choke 3
4 Applications Solar Inverter Application Matrix String Inverter Function Material Grade Preferred Core Shape Characteristics DC/DC boost Boost inductor 3C95, 3C92, 3C90 Large E core Ferrite assembly Transformer 3C95, 3C92 Large E core Ferrite assembly Inverter Reactor 3C92, 3C90 Large E core Ferrite assembly EMI filter Common mode choke 3E10, 3E27 4S2 Large toroid (> 42 mm) High saturation Low loss High saturation High impedance Maximum Power Point Tracker Current sensor 3E10, 3E27 Gapped toroids, UU, custom High perm., temp and B stable Micro-Inverter DC/DC boost Boost inductor 3C95, 3C92, 3C90, 3F36 Planar E, PQ, ETD High saturation Transformer 3C95, 3C92, 3F36 Planar E, PQ, RM Low loss Inverter Reactor 3C92, 3C90 Planar E, PQ, RM High saturation EMI filter Common mode choke 3E10, 3E27, 4S2 Mid size toroids (14 to 25 mm) High impedance Ferrites in String Inverter String inverters collect DC power from several solar panels (string of panels) and convert it to AC when transferring it to the grid. These inverters usually have the capability to drive several strings, adjusting the optimal conditions for each of the strings. The handling power varies from a few kilowatts (in domestic installations) to several hundreds on large scale plants. Diagram of a solar inverter PV panel DC/DC boost DC/AC inverter EMI filter Mains Maximum power point tracker 4
5 There are several ferrite functions within the inverter: power conversion, EMI filtering and current sensing. The inverter can be split in 4 units: DC/DC converter : The DC/DC converter boosts the panel voltage up to a stable level high enough to let the inverter unit generate AC mains voltage. Preferred materials are 3C92 due to its high saturation flux (460 mt at 100ºC), 3C95 with low loss over a wide temperature range and the cost competitive 3C90. Depending on the power, the shape can be a large E core, but also large assemblies with a distributed gap. In case galvanic isolation is needed, it is possible to implement a transformer. Inverter : The inverter converts the DC power coming from the DC/DC boost to AC mains level voltage. An inductive reactor is used to smooth the wave generated by the switches. Again, a distributed airgap core made out of 3C92 with its high saturation is the preferred solution. EMI filtering : A common mode choke filters the line and neutral wire to supply a clean signal to the grid. This CMC consists of a current compensated magnetic circuit, in which the primary and the secondary are the line and neutral wire respectively. Optimal shapes for this function are toroids or any other closed magnetic circuit (without a gap). Feroxcube offers a wide range of toroid sizes. High permeability materials (3E10, 3E27) are optimal for EMI suppression at low frequency where the Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) regulations are more stringent. High frequency (up to 300 MHz) noise can be suppressed with 4S2 cores. Typical shape starts at 42 mm diameter (for domestic inverters) growing to large toroids which can be even stacked in the high power systems. 5
6 Maximum Power Point Tracker: The inverter adjusts continuously the working conditions of the DC/DC converter in such a way that the panels supply the maximum power. This is accomplished measuring the input and output current of the system. Hall effect sensors mounted on gapped ferrite cores provide an accurate and reliable current measurement. Using a bias coil and a compensation coil the current sensor gets its maximum accuracy, as linearity and thermal drifts are almost compensated. DC + AC sensor compensated Gapped ferrite core Bias coil Compensation coil Hall transducer Ferrites in Micro-inverters Micro-inverters are installed in each panel to generate the maximum power from each of them. AC can be generated in the micro-inverter, or in a high power system for the complete installation. But in any case, basic operation of the unit is similar to what was described for string inverters. Power handling is in the range of 300 watts. This implies: Higher switching frequencies are possible. Preferred materials will be 3C95 (<400 khz) and 3F36 (>400 khz) due to their optimal performance under a wide temperature range. Core size is smaller because of the lower power, but also because of the higher frequency. Typical sizes will be PQ32 or planar E38, but size of the core depends strongly on the switching frequency. EMI suppression requires smaller toroid sizes than in string inverter. Commonly 14 mm to 25 mm toroids are optimal. 6
7 Preferred Materials Power conversion materials: Low frequency Low frequency: <300 khz Thermal stable: 3C95 Optimized for 100C: 3C98 High saturation: 3C92 Cost effective: 3C90 Symbol Conditions Value Unit 3C90 3C92 3C95 3C98 µi 25 C,10 khz, 0.25 mt µa 100 C, 25 khz, 200 mt Bsat 25 C,10 khz,1.2 ka/m mt 10 C,10 khz,1.2 ka/m Pv 100 C, 100 khz, 100 mt kw/m C, 100 khz, 200 mt ρ 25 C, DC Ωm T c C Density kg/m 3 Power conversion materials: High frequency High frequency: >300 khz Improved temperature performance Symbol Conditions Value Unit 3F36 µi 25 C,10 khz, 0.25 mt 1600 µa 100 C, 25 khz, 200 mt 2400 Bsat 25 C,10 khz,1.2 ka/m 520 mt 10 C,10 khz,1.2 ka/m 420 P V 100 C, 500 khz, 50 mt 90 kw/m 3 25 C, 500 khz, 100 mt 100 C, 500 khz, 100 mt 700 ρ 25 C, DC 8 Ωm T C 230 C Density 4750 kg/m 3 EMI suppression materials 4S2F: High frequency EMI suppression 3E27: High Tc, low frequency EMI suppression 3E10: Low frequency, high impedance EMI suppression Symbol Conditions Value Unit 3E10 3E27 4S2 μi 25 C; 10 khz, 0.25 mt Bsat 25 C; 10 khz, 1200 A/m mt 100 C; 10 khz, 1200 A/m tanδ/μi 25 C; 30 khz; 0.25 mt 5 x C; 100 khz; 0.25 mt 20 x 10-6 η B 25 C; 10 khz; 1.5 to 3 mt 0.5 x x 10-6 T -1 ρ DC; 25 C Ωm T C C Density kg/m 3 7
8 FERROXCUBE - A GLOBAL COMPANY HQ Taipei, Taiwan Ferroxcube Taiwan Tel: Fax: Mail: ASIA Europe North America Dongguan, China Ferroxcube China Tel: Fax: Mail: Suzhou, China Ferroxcube China Tel: Fax: Mail: Elmshorn, Germany Ferroxcube Germany Tel: Fax: Mail: Cinisello Balsamo (MI), Italy Ferroxcube Italy Tel: Fax: Mail: El Paso (TX), USA Tel: Fax: Mail: San Diego (CA), USA Tel: Fax: Mail: Singapore Ferroxcube South Asia Tel : Fax : Mail: Skierniewice, Poland Ferroxcube Polska Tel: Fax: Mail: Phoenix (AZ), USA Tel: Mail: Guadalajara, Spain Hispano Ferritas Tel: Fax: Mail: Pittsburgh (PA), USA Tel: Fax: Mail: For a complete listing of all Ferroxcube sales offices, distributors, and representatives, please visit "contact us" at Ferroxcube International Holding B.V All rights are reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Printed in Poland Document order number: FXC Date of release: May 2014
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2019-12-04 10:26:00
Fast shipping. Reach Singapore in one week. Item came in working condition. Overall really happy with the lighted tail switch results. Now I can easily find my light in the dark. It also works as a moon mode as the light is really dim and not too bring. The first image is an accurate representation of the brightness in the dark. Second image is how it look like in a lid room.
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2019-06-30 11:17:57
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They look good and work good in the QLITE REV.A 7135*8 LED DRIVER but will not work in convoys factoty driver.
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nice switch , fits all my convoy. works nice with the 3/5mode driver and the 5a sst40 linear Driver , very low power consumption(on s2+ sst40 <1ma) works not with biscotti firmware, without bypass mod.
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amazing, fast deliver in 6 days. i put in S2+ sst20 BISCOTTI DRIVER but it will not work. But try to do this, while its on, you can also access the modes proper doing the loosen and tighten the tail cap. each loosen and tighten will step to each mode.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
ORPHA:1427 Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia
The phenotypic description of this disease is based on an analysis of the biomedical literature and uses the terms of the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO). Phenotypic abnormalities are presented by order of frequency of occurrence in the patient population, then by alphabetical order inside each frequency group.
- Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies HP:0003312
- Abnormality of the metaphysis HP:0000944
- Anteverted nares HP:0000463
- Cleft palate HP:0000175
- Depressed nasal ridge HP:0000457
- Joint stiffness HP:0001387
- Malar flattening HP:0000272
- Micromelia HP:0002983
- Platyspondyly HP:0000926
- Sensorineural hearing impairment HP:0000407
Very frequent
- Abnormality of the skin HP:0000951
- Feeding difficulties in infancy HP:0008872
- Hyperlordosis HP:0003307
- Kyphosis HP:0002808
- Recurrent pneumonia HP:0006532
- Abnormality of the lacrimal duct HP:0011481
- Strabismus HP:0000486
- Synostosis of carpal bones HP:0005048
- Ventricular septal defect HP:0001629
Additional information
Further information
Specialised Social Services
The information provided is based on published scientific articles.
The information provided is estimated for the entire population of patients in routine care. Some phenotypic abnormalities reported here may occur individually with a variable temporality or severity, while others, not listed, may still be encountered. Phenotypic annotations are not yet available for all rare diseases; the annotation process is ongoing.
The information contained in Orphanet is regularly updated. It is possible that discoveries have been made since the last update and have not yet been incorporated.
Professionals are encouraged to always consult the latest scientific publications before making a decision based on the information provided. The information contained in Orphanet is not intended to replace the services of a healthcare professional. Orphanet cannot be held responsible for the deleterious, truncated or erroneous use of any information found in the Orphanet database.


text: jimmyoneshot 107 Posted December 30, 2018 3 minutes ago, vDerickv said: Dude what about the fact that on the startup of a game sometimes your whole team on like hostile territory will be lined up and in that cut scene everyones kneees are basically there feet as their body is halfway in the ground. I took a screenshot of this once lmao... Are you talking about online there?...You disgust me. Ha. Nah only joking. I only play single player so wouldn't know. I've once seen Dutch say the words "I'm no fool Arthur" and then miss a chair and sit on thin air and fall over haha 1 Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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8 days
Mont Blanc Highlights
From Chamonix to Chamonix
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- Exodus Travels
- Max group size:
- 14
- Age range:
- 16 to 99
- Operated in:
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- Tour id:
- 33604
Start planning your tour
- Have the satisfaction of hiking one of the finest walking routes in the Alps
- Spend your nights in a delightful chalet with dramatic views of Mont Blanc
- Soothe your muscles with a relaxing dip in the chalet's bubbling jacuzzi
Start and end in Chamonix! With the hiking & trekking tour Mont Blanc Highlights, you have a 8 day tour package taking you through Chamonix, France and 11 other destinations in Europe. Mont Blanc Highlights includes accommodation as well as an expert guide, meals, transport and more.
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- Introduction
Day 1: Start Chalet Chamonix or Chocolat.
Start point Meet at the Chalet Chocolat, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, Haute-Savoie, France
- Day 2: Drive to the head of the Chamonix Valley; walking towards Switzerland via the trekking peak L'Aiguillette des Posettes and onto Col du Possettes and then descend back towards La Tour.
- Day 3: Drive to the head of the Chamonix Valley; walking towards Switzerland via the trekking peak L'Aiguillette des Posettes and onto Col du Possettes and then descend back towards La Tour.
- Day 4: Starting from the Les Contamines. Valley we cross the Col de Voza and continue towards Les Houches.
- Day 5: Free day for optional walks, activities or sightseeing.
- Day 6: Drive through the Mont Blanc tunnel to Italy; climb to Bonatti refuge and traverse high above the spectacular Ferret Valley to Courmayeur.
- Day 7: Starting from Argentiere; walk up to and along the Grand Balcon Sud to Plan Praz then descend by cable car.
Day 8: End Chamonix.
End point Depart from the Chalet Chocolat, Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, Haute-Savoie, France
What's Included
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- Guide
- Meals
- Transport
- Additional Services
- Flights
- Insurance
- Optional
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Where You'll Stay
Customer Reviews
- Overall RatingExcellent
- ItineraryExcellent
- GuideExcellent
- TransportExcellent
- AccommodationExcellent
- FoodExcellent
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- DMDarren· October 07, 2019Awesome week - chalet managers and trek leader were fantasticTrip date: September 2019
- Kerry· September 22, 2019The hosts at Chalet Chamonix were very friendly and hospitable - lovely ladies. John, the guide, was considerate, flexible, supportive and very likable. The chalet was a bit pokey for those in attic rooms but was charming and we'll equipped.Trip date: September 2019
- ALAndrew· August 10, 2019Mont Trek was very good. All info provided by Exodus was spot on. The Chalet was fantastic. The hosts were lovely providing a very clean chalet and excellent food.Trip date: July 2019
- RJRusne· July 31, 2019Best holiday ever!!!Trip date: July 2019
- NFNicole· July 15, 2019Fantastic trip, the food cooked by Liz and Clare was amazing. Didn't want to leave. A great tour to balance hiking and relaxing.Trip date: July 2019
- RVRené· June 11, 2019Spectacular mountain views! What I appreciated most was that each day offered different highlights: green pastures "Sound of Music" scenery, snow fields, water falls, Aguilette des Houches, Mont Blanc tunnel hot chocolate and ice cream.Trip date: May 2019
- MWMargaretha· June 03, 2019Fantastic trip in all regards. Also fantastic ladies that hosted us. There extra effort with food is appreciated. One small thing about Chalet Chamonix - a few extra hooks to hang clothes and towels will make a huge difference.Trip date: May 2019
- KNKa Yan· May 28, 2019amazing guide and awesome catering services. Enjoyed a lot with the spectacular view and wonderful services!Trip date: May 2019
- APAlexandra· October 09, 2018The Mont Blanc Highlights was an amazing tour! The room at the chalet where we stayed for the week was beautiful! Our room had an incredible view of Mont Blanc so when you woke up in the morning that was the first thing you would see. Zohi and Ben were... Show moreTrip date: August 2018
- AAnonymous· September 30, 2018The guided hikes with Sean: excellent The meals breakfast, choices for lunch and afternoon tea and dinner: excellent Sarah did an amazing job with the meals Will definitely recommend to my friendsTrip date: September 2018
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8 days
Mont Blanc Highlights
From Chamonix to Chamonix
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Court of Appeals of Kentucky
March 29, 2019
C.J. APPELLANTv.M.S., J.S; J.N.; K.D.J., A MINOR CHILD; AND CABINET FOR HEALTH AND FAMILY SERVICES, COMMONWEALTH OF KENTUCKY APPELLEES
FOR APPELLANT: Amber Hunt Sisco Pikeville, Kentucky
FOR APPELLEES: Tammy C. Skeens Pikeville, Kentucky
Appellant, C.J., appeals from two orders entered by the Pike
Family Court; the first order terminated C.J.'s parental
rights to her biological child, K.J., and the second order
allowed the Appellees, M.S. and J.S, to adopt
timely filing a notice of appeal, C.J.'s court-appointed
counsel submitted an Anders[2] brief on C.J.'s behalf.
See A.C. v. Cabinet for Health and Family Serv., 362
S.W.3d 361, 364 (Ky. App. 2012). In the Anders
brief, counsel asserted that no meritorious issues exist on
which to base an appeal. Nonetheless, counsel pointed out
that it is incumbent upon this Court to independently review
the record to decide whether the appeal is
frivolous.[3] Id. Following receipt of the
Anders brief we advised C.J. of her right to
continue this appeal pro se and gave her additional
time to file a brief of her own choosing. C.J. did not
we have independently reviewed the record for the purpose of
ascertaining whether the appeal is, in fact, void of
nonfrivolous grounds for reversal. Id. at 372. After
having done so, we agree with counsel's assessment. On
the face of the record, we can perceive no basis warranting
relief on appeal. The Pike Family's Court's orders of
termination and adoption are affirmed.
In May
of 2013, C.J. ("Biological Mother") gave birth to
K.J. ("Child"). Child resided with Biological
Mother for a little over a year following her birth. Child
began living with M.S. and J.S., a married couple
(hereinafter referred to collectively as "Adoptive
Parents") in or about October of 2014. Child has resided
with and been cared for by Adoptive Parents since that time.
the years, there have been periods when Child did not have
contact with Biological Mother. At some point, however, a
visitation schedule was put in place through the Cabinet for
Health and Family Services ("Cabinet"). The
schedule allows Biological Mother to have monthly two-hour
supervised visitation with Child. In the six months preceding
the adoption hearing, Biological Mother, who is unable to
transport herself, missed two of her monthly visits because
transportation was not arranged for her. With the exception
of her monthly visitation, Biological Mother is not involved
in Child's life.
August 1, 2016, the Pike Family Court awarded Adoptive
Parents permanent custody of Child, finding that Adoptive
Parents were Child's de facto custodians. A
little over a year later, Adoptive Parents filed a dual
petition with the Pike Family Court seeking to terminate the
rights of Child's biological parents and leave to adopt
Child. [4] In an investigative report, filed of
record, the Cabinet concluded that Child was eligible for
adoption, Adoptive Parents were morally fit and financially
able to care and provide for Child and that adoption was in
Child's best interests. After receipt of the report, the
family court conducted a hearing. Biological Mother refused
to consent to Child's adoption and participated in the
hearing with the assistance of her court-appointed counsel.
Parents presented proof that they have cared for Child since
October of 2014 when she came to live with them. They have
provided all of Child's food, clothing, shelter, medical
care, and education with no assistance from Biological
Mother. They have their own home where Child lives with them.
They are employed and have the means to continue caring for
Child. Child views Adoptive Parents as her family. She is
thriving in their care, and they want to raise Child as their
Mother testified that she is currently unable to care for
Child and does not know that she will ever be in a position
to do so. She is currently being treated for serious mental
illnesses, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and
depression. Biological Mother has suffered from these mental
illnesses for at least the last sixteen years, and for the
last five years she has resided at the Golden Years Rest Home
because she is unable to care for herself. Biological Mother
does not know when, if ever, she will be able to live
independently. Biological Mother receives approximately
thirty dollars per month; she uses this money to buy coffee
and cigarettes for herself. She admitted that she does not
support Child and has not purchased even small gifts, food,
or clothing for Child since Child has been in the care of
Adoptive Parents. Other than the monthly supervised visits,
Biological Mother does not see or talk to Child.
the final evidentiary hearing, the family court entered
simultaneous, separate orders terminating Biological
Mother's parental rights and granting Adoptive
Parent's petition to adopt Child. This appeal followed.
Standard of Review
case involves an adoption. A family court shall enter a
judgment of adoption if after a hearing, the court is
satisfied that:
the facts stated in the petition were established; that all
legal requirements, including jurisdiction, relating to the
adoption have been complied with; that the petitioners are of
good moral character, of reputable standing in the community
and of ability to properly maintain and educate the child;
and that the best interest of the child will be promoted by
the adoption and that the child is suitable for adoption.
199.520(1). "Upon granting an adoption, all legal
relationship between the adopted child and the biological
parents shall be terminated except the relationship of a
biological parent who is the spouse of an adoptive
parent." KRS 199.520(2). Adoptions can be granted with
or without the consent of the biological parents. KRS
199.500. If the adoption is sought without consent, KRS
199.502(1) requires proof as part of the adoption proceedings
that one of the conditions set forth in subjections (a)-(j)
exists with respect to the child at issue. See KRS
adoption without the consent of a living biological parent
is, in effect, a proceeding to terminate that parent's
parental rights." B.L. v. J.S., 434 S.W.3d 61,
65 (Ky. App. 2014) (citing Moore v. Asente, 110
S.W.3d 336 (Ky. 2003)). Accordingly, in adoption without
consent cases we apply the same standard of review that
governs parental termination cases. Our review is confined to
the clearly erroneous standard in CR[6] 52.01 based upon clear and
convincing evidence. The family court's findings will not
be disturbed unless there exists no substantial evidence in
the record to support them. See M.P.S. v. Cabinet for
Human Resources, 979 S.W.2d 114, 116 (Ky. App. 1998)
(citing V.S. v. Commonwealth, Cabinet for Human
Resources, 706 S.W.2d 420, 424 (Ky. App. 1986)).
and convincing proof does not necessarily mean uncontradicted
proof; but rather, requires there is proof of a probative and
substantial nature that is sufficient to convince ordinarily
prudent minded people. Id. at 117. Under this
standard, "we are required to give considerable
deference to the [family] court's findings, and we will
not disturb those findings" unless the record provides
no substantial support for them. K.R.L. v. P.A.C.
210 S.W.3d 183, 187 (Ky. App. 2006). "Additionally,
since adoption is a statutory right which severs forever the
parental relationship, Kentucky courts have required strict
compliance with the procedures provided in order to protect
the rights of the natural parents." B.L., 434
S.W.3d at 65.
Adoption Petition versus Petition for Termination of Parental
Parents filed a dual petition seeking both termination of
Child's biological parents' rights and adoption.
Nevertheless, before both the family court and this Court,
the parties have characterized this action primarily as one
predicated on the termination of parental rights. To this
end, they cite to and rely on the termination of parental
rights statute, KRS 625.090. To prevent further confusion in
this case and future adoption cases, it is incumbent on us to
clarify that this is not a termination case governed by KRS
Chapter 625; it is an adoption case governed by KRS Chapter
granted, the adoption itself terminates the parental rights
of the biological parents. KRS 199.520(2). As in the present
case, when two judgments have been unnecessarily entered in
an adoption case, we view the "'judgment of
adoption' and 'order terminating parental rights'
as being one document that comprises the judgment."
Wright v. Howard, 711 S.W.2d 492, 494 (Ky. App.
1986). The effect of the judgment is the adoption of the
child at issue. As such, we review the judgment for
compliance with the adoption statutes.
It is a
logical, of course, to ask why the labels matter if the end
result is the same. The labels matter because the parties,
style, manner of service, and jurisdictional prerequisites
for an adoption petition are different than a petition
seeking termination of parental rights. Before the family
court can grant an adoption it must determine that "all
legal requirements, including jurisdiction, relating to
the adoption have been complied with[.]" KRS
199.520(1) (emphasis added).
Wright, we cautioned against filing a dual petition,
like the one filed in this case, because all too often
counsel follow the wrong procedures with disastrous
consequences. As we explained over thirty years ago:
In filing the petition as a dual one for adoption and
termination of parental rights, apparently in an attempt to
satisfy the requirements of both the adoption statutes and
the involuntary termination statute the appellee Howards, as
do most others taking this mistaken procedural approach,
failed to fulfill [sic] various requirements of the adoption
statutes, their only real concern under proper interpretation
of KRS 199.500(4) and application of the strict compliance
rule, and thereby caused the trial court to enter an invalid
711 S.W.2d at 496.
the lives of children are involved, counsel must be
especially diligent to follow the correct procedures. We are
gravely concerned that Wright's lessons have
been lost to time. Today, we remind the Bar once again that
when the petitioner is the person seeking to adopt a child,
an adoption petition, not a petition for termination of
parental rights, should be filed. If the lower court
erroneously allows a dual petition to move forward and enters
two judgments, we treat the judgments as one. On appeal, we
will review the judgment for compliance with the adoption
statutes. If the adoption statute's minimal
jurisdictional requirements have not been satisfied, the
judgment of adoption is void.[7] See Day v. Day, 937
S.W.2d 717, 719 (Ky. 1997).
Compliance with ...
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