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tag:theconversation.com,2011:/us/topics/brown-bears-5028/articles Brown bears – The Conversation 2016-06-21T10:00:50Z tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/59570 2016-06-21T10:00:50Z 2016-06-21T10:00:50Z Of bears and biases: scientific judgment and the fate of Yellowstone's grizzlies

The grizzly, or brown, bear in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is posed to lose protections under the Endangered Species Act.  Jim Peaco, Yellowstone National Park

In March, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) announced its intent to remove protections afforded by the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) to grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE).

Citing four decades of growth in the bear population, the USFWS Director Dan Ashe heralded the decision as "a historic success for partnership-driven wildlife conservation."

However, conservation organizations oppose "delisting" GYE grizzlies. They cite persistent threats to grizzlies, public opposition to delisting and ongoing scientific uncertainty regarding the population's viability. Indeed, scientific uncertainty, especially threats posed by a changing climate, is one reason a federal court reversed a similar decision back in 2009, returning federal protections to GYE grizzlies.

According to the ESA, decisions about the listing of species are to be made "solely on the basis of the best scientific and commercial data available." The ESA also mandates that decisions about whether to list a species be guided by a scientific assessment of potential threats to a species.

The ESA is hardly unique in this regard. Numerous environmental statutes mandate that government agencies consider "the best available science" when making decisions. And agencies routinely consult with scientific experts to fullfill such mandates.

These requirements ostensibly insulate decisions from undue political influence. Such provisions work reasonably well when science offers clear and simple, black-and-white answers. But when there is uncertainty, is the expectation of scientific objectivity realistic?

To gain insight into what role bias may play in listing decisions, we surveyed a group of grizzly bear researchers. We found that experts' judgments were associated with a number of factors outside the "best commercial and scientific data," including their professional affiliations and social norms. Furthermore, we found that while there is no consensus in the scientific community regarding the threats to grizzly bears, the majority of scientists support continued listing.

The Yellowstone grizzly: a case study in scientific uncertainty

In December of 2014, we (along with graduate student Harmony Szarek and Dr. Eric Toman) contacted 593 individuals who published research related to grizzly or brown bears during the prior decade. We asked them to judge the risk (likelihood and severity) of seven threats identified by the USFWS and to recommend the appropriate conservation status – delisted, threatened or endangered – for GYE grizzlies.

In total, 60 percent of 211 respondents recommended continued protection under the ESA, about one-fifth indicated the population should be delisted and a similar proportion were unsure. When unsure respondents were removed, 74 percent of 172 experts recommended continuing ESA protections (see project report).

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=320&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=320&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=320&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=402&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=402&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126809/original/image-20160615-14016-1v2ydiv.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=402&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Researchers' judgments on whether the grizzly bear should be delisted was influenced less by the amount of experience of the individual and more by the person's employer. The Ohio State University, Author provided

As expected, we found considerable evidence of uncertainty in experts' ratings of risk (indicated by variability across experts). But surprisingly, judgments about the conservation status of grizzlies were unrelated to level of expertise. Rather, conservation judgments were strongly associated with the type of organization that employed the experts.

We found those working for state or federal wildlife agencies were 2-3 times more likely to recommend delisting grizzlies than those employed by academic institutions. Furthermore, experts belonging to The Wildlife Society, which has openly advocated delisting bears since 2011, were more likely than members of other professional organizations (e.g., The American Society of Mammologists) to recommend delisting.

Our data suggest that conservation judgments were influenced not so much by an expert's knowledge or assessment of risk but more so by their social environment; in particular, the peers with whom an expert regularly interacts and respects.

That interpretation is reinforced by additional analyses indicating that experts' judgments about bears' conservation status were statistically associated with their beliefs about (i) the listing judgments of other scientists and managers (i.e., their "social norms"), and (ii) the way humans ought to relate to wild animals – what researchers call "wildlife value orientations." Further, when controlling for these factors, judgments about the conservation status of grizzlies were not statistically associated with experts' assessments of risk.

Social and political pressure

Psychologists have long known that social pressure created by the presence of others can influence our thoughts and actions. A now-classic experiment shows that people will even give obviously wrong answers to empirical questions when under the sway of the group. But our experts faced no such pressure. Their responses were given anonymously.

Our data suggest that social pressure can affect judgments even when we're alone. Of course, while the norms of the social groups we interact with are likely to shape our judgments, we are also likely to select social groups that reflect the norms we embrace. In either case, our concern is that supposed scientific judgments may well be heavily influenced by socially segregated groups and their associated beliefs.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=706&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=706&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=706&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=887&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=887&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126807/original/image-20160615-14035-tis71j.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=887&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
  Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Of course, it is not inherently problematic that an expert's judgment is affected, in part, by how he or she expects respected peers would judge a given circumstance. Nor is it necessarily problematic that judgments about conservation routinely depend on factors beyond science, like one's values and emotions. Indeed, the dichotomy between facts and values may well be a false dichotomy, as argued by the great American philosopher Hillary Putnam.

It is, however, potentially problematic when groups of scientists disagree about the appropriate status of a species. Especially when the individuals charged with providing guidance on species recovery are comprised entirely of one of these groups – in the case of GYE grizzly bears, members of state and federal agencies who were 2-3 times more likely to advocate delisting.

What's concerning here is that, as opposed to academic scientists who are somewhat shielded from politics by tenure, scientists in state and federal agencies can face strong, top-down pressure to reach a particular decision.

Expert judgment and 'the best available science'

Is there a way to apply the best available science to conservation decisions in order to minimize the effect of undue biases and, to the extent practicable, isolate scientific judgment from other factors? Two sources of scholarly research provide useful insights.

First, scholars in the field of judgment and decision-making have long recognized the problem of implicit bias, noting the often substantial gap between how we would ideally think and how we actually think. These scholars have developed a variety of strategies for assisting people in "debiasing" judgments and decisions.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=450&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/126814/original/image-20160615-14048-x1emp5.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=566&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Scientists are not immune to the biases all other people have, which suggests that the process for making decisions about endangered species status should build in process to counteract intrinsic bias. Glacier National Park Service

These strategies can be remarkably simple. Often the best technique is simply being aware of one's own biases and predispositions, and engaging in "perspective taking" to assess if one's own judgments are unduly influenced by preexisting values and beliefs.

Other strategies are far more involved, and considerably more labor-intensive. For example, Structured Decision-Making (SDM) is an approach for identifying and evaluating alternatives through a process designed to deal with complexity, value-based trade-offs and competing interests. This process focuses on clearly defining the problem at hand and identifying the full suite of decision-relevant objectives, such that the best available science can be used to evaluate the utility of different actions and the trade-offs in choosing one option over another.

Although such approaches can help decision-makers negotiate uncertainty, their appropriateness depends greatly on their application. One concern is that they can be readily manipulated to obtain a prejudged outcome. An especially pernicious manipulation is the purposeful exclusion of some interests, thereby limiting participants to like-minded individuals and constraining the range of values taken into account. Such concerns lie at the heart of a recent report criticizing the USFWS's use of SDM to develop a National Wolf Strategy.

A second source of underappreciated insights is from the academic discipline of conservation ethics. A broadly applicable insight from that discipline is that robust conservation decisions result from sound and valid arguments that are necessarily comprised both of scientific premises and ethical premises.

The implication is that in many instances the best an expert can do is explain their judgment fully. That is, to lay bare all of the premises (scientific and otherwise) necessary to arrive at the judgment being proffered; and in so doing, demonstrate the robustness of the judgment (or reveal its flaws).

So an expert judgment is not merely a judgment made within the area of one's expertise. Rather, an expert judgment is one whose underlying argument can be laid bare and demonstrated to be sound and valid for an audience of nonexperts. Importantly, this includes both scientific assessments as well as value judgments. Sadly, courses that convey skills in analyzing ethical arguments (i.e., courses in critical thinking and environmental ethics) are not typically part of the curricula that produce conservation professionals.

Our research should not be taken as an unqualified condemnation of the USFWS's decision to delist GYE grizzlies, though the fact that nearly three-fourths of experts felt the species should remain listed should give the USFWS pause. Rather, our interest here is to call attention to potential sources of bias, and call on the agencies charged with using the best available science to take efforts to minimize bias to the extent practicable.

We recognize this is likely to prove a challenging task. Fortunately, agencies need not brave that challenge alone. Indeed, the first step in minimizing bias is broadening the type of experts with which agencies consult to include scholars well-versed in these tools.

Jeremy T Bruskotter receives funding from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Ohio Division of Wildlife.

Robyn S. Wilson receives funding from the National Science Foundation, the USDA Forest Service, the National Wildlife Federation, the International Plant Nutrition Institute, the Joint Fire Science Program, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Dr. Wilson is also a member of the US EPA Chartered Science Advisory Board and the National Academies Board on Environmental Change and Society.

John A Vucetich no recibe salario, ni ejerce labores de consultoría, ni posee acciones, ni recibe financiación de ninguna compañía u organización que pueda obtener beneficio de este artículo, y ha declarado carecer de vínculos relevantes más allá del cargo académico citado.
 The grizzly bear of Yellowstone is expected to be delisted from the Endangered Species Act. But a survey of grizzly bear researchers finds flaws in how wildlife experts evaluate scientific data. Jeremy T. Bruskotter, Associate Professor of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University John A Vucetich, Professor, Michigan Technological University Robyn S. Wilson, Associate Professor of Risk Analysis and Decision Science, The Ohio State University Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives. tag:theconversation.com,2011:article/55475 2016-04-19T09:54:40Z 2016-04-19T09:54:40Z Shakespeare's competition: the grisly world of British bear-baiting

  Nicram Sabod/Shutterstock

One of the most famous stage directions in theatre is found in The Winter's Tale: "Exit, pursued by a bear." Bears – besides Paddington and Winnie-the-Pooh – are extinct in Britain, but Shakespeare's audiences 400 years ago would have been entirely familiar with the animal. And thespians of old playing the Globe Theatre would have walked past the bear-baiting ring on their way in.

Bear-baiting was very popular in medieval and early modern times, attracting everyone from servants to royalty. Single or multiple dogs were set loose to bite or worry the bears. To prevent escapes (and the audiences being mauled) the bears were chained to stakes in the centre of the arena.

They were often named. George Stone, Tom Hunckes, Blind Bess were celebrity bears and one (Sackerson) is even mentioned in the Shakespeare play The Merry Wives of Windsor. To modern perspectives, it seems barbaric to not only perpetrate such cruel acts against animals but also to celebrate them. The closest parallel may be with the Roman Gladiators. Both were expensive to train and keep, both were named and celebrated by the public, and for both seeing them perform came with the frisson of their possible deaths.

For over 200 years, purpose-built bear-baiting arenas stood on the south bank of the Thames at Bankside. The association of Bankside and bears (still recognised in Southwark with the road names "Bear Garden" and "Bear Lane"), predated the better-known playhouses by at least 40 years. But when The Globe and The Rose Theatre were built alongside the bear-baiting arenas, they attracted the same audiences. In 1591 an anonymous complainant requested theatre to be restricted as it was harming the bear-baiting business.

 <img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=600&h=358&fit=crop&dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=600&h=358&fit=crop&dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=600&h=358&fit=crop&dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=45&auto=format&w=754&h=449&fit=crop&dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=30&auto=format&w=754&h=449&fit=crop&dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/118942/original/image-20160415-11163-ary5kb.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&q=15&auto=format&w=754&h=449&fit=crop&dpr=3 2262w" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px">
 Bear and bull-baiting rings, Bankside, London c.1560.

And it was a business. Phillip Henslowe and Edward Alleyn paid £450 to become the "Masters of the King's Beares, bulls and mastiff dogges" in 1604; this gave them the sole right to licence bearwards (bear keepers), breed mastiffs, and generally run "the game" on behalf of the king. While the bears were valuable and were rarely killed, the dogs were much more expendable. Records show that Alleyn was running out of dogs in 1607 and had to send people out to find more (one of the privileges of being the Master of the King's Bears was that you could buy or, if necessary, take dogs for baiting). With responsibilities to the monarch it was important that they were ready to put on a baiting wherever and whenever they were asked.

Bearwards travelled far and wide to bring this entertainment to the non-urban masses. Congleton in Derbyshire had at least 33 visits from bearwards between 1588 and 1636, while records at Dulwich College record the travels of bearwards around Kent and Gloucestershire in the early 1600s. The costs of attending the theatre and attending the baiting was the same, between one and three pence depending on where you stood.

Eyewitness accounts vary greatly. There were those who were enthralled by the spectacle, such as the Spanish ambassador, who was fêted with the baiting of a white bear (he called it "the best sport of all"), and, more rarely, those who were horrified by the cruelty shown to the animals. Parliament suppressed the theatres in 1642, but while they tried to stop bear-baiting it continued for several years. Eventually, the High Sheriff of Surrey, Thomas Pride, took decisive action and in 1656 had the remaining bears shot. This ended bear-baiting during the Commonwealth, but with the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 a new arena was built in 1662 in Southwark and bear-baiting continued as before.

Bear-baiting was made illegal in Britain 1835, although it continued elsewhere in the world until very recently – "bear baying" (where chained bears are held "at bay" by dogs, but not supposed to be come into contact with them) was only banned in South Carolina, US, in 2013.

Now the only live bears in Britain are in zoos, although they are occasionally discussed during debates about rewilding the countryside. But the British penchant for treating bears as celebrities has lasted. Images of bears are everywhere, from adverts to children's toys and stories. We have taken an animal that was used for entertainment and turned it into an emblem of everything: from the wilderness, to comfort, to Marmalade sandwiches.

Hannah O'Regan does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.
 Thespians of old playing the Globe Theatre would have walked past the Bankside bear-baiting ring on their way in. Hannah O'Regan, Lecturer in Archaeology, University of Nottingham Licensed as Creative Commons – attribution, no derivatives.


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- 4. How to get tested for best blood sugar testing machine without strips?
- 5. How to treat blood sugar test report format?
- 6. Is corn good for can you test blood sugar with urine?
- 7. Is how to lower blood sugar before a fasting blood test an autoimmune disease?
- 8. Are tomatoes good for low blood sugar after glucose test ?
- 9. Is painless blood sugar testing meter a chronic disease ?
- 10. What to eat with gestational what is sugar levels in blood test ?
- + What is ketoacidosis?
- + Is reversible?
- + How to prevent gestational ?
- + How to get tested for ?
- + How to treat ?
- + Is corn good for ?
- + Is an autoimmune disease?
- + Are tomatoes good for ?
- + Is a chronic disease ?
- + What to eat with gestational ?
In some cases, there are no symptoms — this happens at times with type 2 Home Blood Sugar Test. In this case, people can live for months, even years without knowing they have the disease. This form of Home Blood Sugar Test comes on so gradually that symptoms may not even be recognized.
If type 2 Home Blood Sugar Test goes untreated, the high blood sugar can affect various cells and organs in the body. Complications include kidney damage, often leading to dialysis, eye damage, which could result in blindness, or an increased risk for heart disease or stroke.
No matter how thin you are, you can still get Home Blood Sugar Test. "Diabetes comes from insulin resistance, which causes high blood sugar. While about 80 percent of people with Home Blood Sugar Test are overweight or obese, it happens to thin people as well." Right now, 30 million people in the U.S. have Home Blood Sugar Test.
It's normal to feel strong hunger if blood sugar is low, or if your stomach is too empty. ... Diabetes can cause hunger if glucose is not getting into the cells where it's needed. Other medical causes of excess hunger include thyroid problems (such as Graves' disease,) pregnancy, cannabis smoking, and depression.
Diabetes can be effectively managed when caught early. However, when left untreated, it can lead to potential complications that include heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and nerve damage. If you have Home Blood Sugar Test, your pancreas either produces too little insulin or none at all.
Most early symptoms are from higher-than-normal levels of glucose, a kind of sugar, in your blood. The warning signs can be so mild that you don't notice them. That's especially true of type 2 Home Blood Sugar Test. Some people don't find out they have it until they get problems from long-term damage caused by the disease.
According to a 1995 CNN.com article, with Home Blood Sugar Test, excess blood sugar, or glucose, in your body draws water from your tissues, making you feel dehydrated. To quench your thirst, you drink a lot of water and other beverages which leads to more frequent urination.
You could have Home Blood Sugar Test and not know it. The symptoms of Home Blood Sugar Test can be very mild. In fact, of the 29 million people in the U.S. who have Home Blood Sugar Test, 8 million are undiagnosed, according to the American Diabetes Association. However, you don't know just by your symptoms if you have Home Blood Sugar Test.
What causes type 1 Home Blood Sugar Test? Home Blood Sugar Test occurs when your immune system, the body's system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Scientists think type 1 Home Blood Sugar Test is caused by genes and environmental factors, such as viruses, that might trigger the disease.
Sugar doesn't cause Home Blood Sugar Test. But there is one way that sugar can influence whether a person gets type 2 Home Blood Sugar Test. Consuming too much sugar (or sugary foods and drinks) can make people put on weight. ... Weight gain from eating too much of any food can make a person's chance of getting Home Blood Sugar Test greater.
Simple Ways to Market Your Business Online
You want to make sure that not only are you reading about the newest and most accurate online advertising advice but also, that you double check any other information that you have picked up along the way. Use this article for some of the best online advertising advice available.
Asking visitors to enroll at a website is a big step, so webmasters can make the process as painless as they can. Simplifying registration procedures is a portion of a customer-friendly internet advertising program online Home Blood Sugar Test program that is customer-friendly}. Personal information shouldn't be solicited unless it is completely crucial to some service that the site provides. The more straightforward registration that is simpler is the fewer potential customers it'll frighten off.
Fire products that aren't making you money. Your area is valuable, and thus do not keep products which are not helping you. Track the success of each advertisement each ad's achievement, both in terms of variety of clicks and how much money you receive. Consider that some products are seasonal and may want to be temporarily retired until needed again.
Ensure that you have perfect spelling and punctuation on all of your internet Home Blood Sugar Test. The fastest way to frighten off potential customers is by having a lot of spelling errors. This translates to people as carelessness. Have a few different people read more than your writing to mistakes you might have missed grab.
Combine internet Home Blood Sugar Test along with other conventional forms of Home Blood Sugar Test. Call people on the telephone who have visited with your office and your office workplace and have shown interest in your product. Send Home Blood Sugar Test items through mail to frequent clients mail through mail. Send thank you cards to people who have seen and bought products from you. Make the most of all of the possibilities out there for advertising your company.
As part of your online Home Blood Sugar Test plan, provide occasional online promotions for your customers promotions. A special coupon code for a discount or free offer with purchase can attract customers to click through your website. Frequently, customers end up purchasing more {as they peruse your site, because they want to take advantage of the discount when it is still legitimate because they want to take advantage of their reduction when it's still legitimate as they peruse your site since when it's still valid, they want to take advantage of the reduction as they peruse your site|because they want to make the most of the reduction when it's still legitimate, as they peruse your site|since when it is still legitimate, they want to make the most of their discount, as they peruse your website.
Use press releases as part of your online Home Blood Sugar Test campaign. Online media outlets are continuously on the lookout for press releases to add content to their news feeds. A press release can be one of the quickest ways of getting out the word about your company and the products and services that you have to offer you.
You may use your mobile phone if they can give 31, ask your mobile carrier. A dedicated business number is therefore the best solution.
Before you start out on your online Home Blood Sugar Test journey. You should spend some time. Decide what niche you are currently trying to break into. Your game plan before you do anything else. {The more investment you are willing to put into making things right from the start, the smoother the sailing will be once you start. Once you start the more investment you are prepared to put into creating things the simpler the sailing will be.
Successful online Home Blood Sugar Test isn't just about keeping up with the competition it is about outshining them. So as to do this, you have to know about what they are doing. Have a look at their website designs and product prices. Read their sales copy to find out its quality and keyword content. Do their sites take a very long time? Are they consistently offering services that are new? What kind of external hyperlinks that are external are they employing? The more you understand, the better educated you should use that information to your advantage.
Always be aware of the new happenings that are currently taking place. The world wide web is forever morphing, it is extremely useful to keep up with new things and sites so you can set your niche in the public market.
For a small increase, set your keyword phrase within the meta keywords tag. Meta tags have decreased in usage and popularity, as search engines have started to discount them in their rankings. A couple crawlers are out there that still use them so it can not hurt to include them.
Everyone loves free calendars especially when it is getting close to the end of the year. You should have some calendars and provide you one free with every purchase from your site. They may cost a little, but it's a very handy way to get your name seen by more people.
Make sure that the product that you are selling is of fantastic quality. Nobody will want to purchase a poorly made a product or one which has no actual benefit to them|one that has no actual advantage to them or a poorly made a product no matter how much work has been placed to the advertisements and how great all of the ads seem.
Experiment with your Home Blood Sugar Test. Tweak your methods till they work; change wording and images to see what works best. Try unique procedures. Just because a single technique is working, do not stop searching for something which might work better. Changing and improving makes you more exciting to prospective customers and buyers; and that is because not everybody does it.
Promote fresh products on your site by phoning them out with the word, new. This word immediately term gets the attention of many clients, particularly those that are loyal to your providers. This may also have offering things like fresh techniques to do things, or new techniques and information that can benefit the customer.
Use some tips on your site to really add some interest for your customers. Just don't overdo it with a bunch of it. The majority of people do adore thorough descriptions and descriptions that explain what it is you're attempting to sell or do to them. It gives them a much clearer eyesight which can excite them and lead you.
Any effective Home Blood Sugar Test campaign will attempt to market through their customer base. To someone seeking to buy a product, nearly nothing is as valuable as a recommendation made by a friend or acquaintance. One effective way to encourage your customers to market for you will be to supply them with discounts and rebates for referring clients.
In conclusion, you want to make certain that you are receiving the very best information when it comes to internet Home Blood Sugar Test. Use this guide so that you are making the decisions so that you are making the ideal decisions, use this guide so that you are making the decisions that are ideal decisions. You need to cross check the tips and tricks that you may have already obtained. Start using this wonderful advice today,
Internet Home Blood Sugar Test Could Be Tough, Try This Advice
Now's the time to stop what it is you are doing and just take a few minutes to learn about some of the most essential things you can do to increase your Internet Home Blood Sugar Test potential. This article provides some of the very best chosen on tips and tricks which can be found for you today.
Asking visitors to enroll at a website is a big step, so webmasters that are wise will make the procedure as painless as they can. Registration procedures is part of a customer-friendly online Home Blood Sugar Test program. Personal information should never be solicited unless it is absolutely necessary to some service the website provides. The more straightforward enrollment that is simpler is the fewer potential clients it will scare off.
Because so many people market online nowadays, your work is to be exceptional. Don't just have a very simple banner with text and {dull colors|colours. Have something flashy, catchy and unique. Most people online, song out advertisements simply because they see hundreds of similar ones daily ads. Make your ad stand out and you'll likely you get a click.
To be successful at internet Home Blood Sugar Test, focus on quality, rather than amount of response you receive. Visitors to a site are useless if they are not. By focusing your energy on people interested in things your business specializes in, you are more likely to get their attention and respect.
Post a video on a video website that is movie website. These websites to see movies are some of the most popular websites on the Internet, and you only build your business when you post a movie that will reach so many eyes. Your video is easy to talk about and will reach a great deal of prospective clients.
{When Home Blood Sugar Test your business, it is always important to have a look at your competition|It is always important to check out your competitors when advertising your business It is always important to check out your competitors, when Home Blood Sugar Test your business. {Type in key words which are related to your site, Type and have a look at some of the other websites that come up. You're able to gather some fantastic strategies on success from additional sites, and also get a gauge on how your own Home Blood Sugar Test efforts are working out.
Some social media sites will think of you a spammer if you're promoting affiliate links together but others around the internet are more receptive to it. Provided that you're writing quality content and aren't spamming links on the market, sites such as Articles will accept your links. Just remember to keep things at one link per article.
Starting a website will give a boost to your Internet Home Blood Sugar Test efforts. It seems like everyone has a blog today, and your company should be no exception. Websites provide you increased visibility and offer many provide opportunities to integrate your keywords into still another internet page. Customers love that, too, it since it makes them feel like they can actually interact and have a dialogue with you.
The webmaster always keeps an offline backup of his website. Losing website files can cause irreparable|cause damage Immeasurable damage by website files {to an online Home Blood Sugar Test program. Online backups are quick and painless, but for optimum safety the website operator should keep his backup from the network. Never rely on a backup plan.
As your Home Blood Sugar Test campaigns become successful, you might have the desire to branch out and also to attempt to siphon people away from other niches, but you shouldn't ever try this. Leave those other markets alone unless you have a product or service that they would specifically , leave those other those markets alone markets. You'll only be wasting everyone's the time of everyone differently.
Transferring the route that is email in internet Home Blood Sugar Test can very well backfire on you and in a rush. Ensure any mail you are sending that is brief, informative, and presents a call to action to the potential customer. The idea is for people to read your message and feel the urge to click, not to read a long story and click out of your message out of boredom.
It is important that if you're linking on someone else's website for online Home Blood Sugar Test that you make sure that your connection is a do-follow link. You may click the page source of any hyperlink and look at the HTML. Unless it specifically says something to scope of don't follow, you know you are safe here. Always be sure to look at this.
A fantastic way to make sure that you're constantly getting something done would be to put yourself on a schedule. Part of the work-from-home appeal is being your own boss and setting your own hours, but this is just fluff marketers are promoting you so you actually purchase their products. Treat advertising|Advertising as a real job which you must finish within a certain a.
Get ideas from your very best competitor. Never copy their articles or articles, but have a close look at their formatting. You could realize that are more successful due to ease of access for their entire site, or that their articles are formatted to perfectly flow. Read notes on their approaches, and use them for your own Home Blood Sugar Test.
When you advertise your product or business online, write your copy with a feeling of enthusiasm. {If you're excited and enthusiastic about your product, your subscribers (and therefore potential customers) will be more enthusiastic themselves. It's hard not to get caught up in the emotion of good piece of advertising copy.
In tip regarding internet Home Blood Sugar Test is to do everything that you can to avoid having anyone be unable to trust on your website. This is important because you don't need to lose potential customers due to getting a suspicious looking website that is suspicious looking|site. Your design and overall design are extremely important in demonstrating your validity.
Never underestimate the power of selling. On the item information page, include related|add products which are ideal complements to the event. By making it easy for the site visitor to incorporate the extra merchandise in their purchase, you are boosting the components and dollar amount per sale, which can accumulate very fast.
To summarize, the time that you took to read this article is much more valuable than you may have thought. Internet Home Blood Sugar Test is essential in this day and age and so as to succeed, you want to study and you want to use this information wisely. You will notice a wonderful change in your business with what you learned here business.


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Black Beast Fired Up and Ready for Today's Autocross at Roosevelt Field
The Alco-6 Black Beast Racer arrived back on Long Island yesterday and went through a half-hour of trial runs through East Hills. The racer is all ready for today's Autocross at the southwest parking lot at Roosevelt Field. Hope to see you there!


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Actor / Lyricist Hindi
Spruha Joshi
Spruha Joshi News
Article Marathi
Sonalee Kulkarni, Spruha Joshi to share screen for the first time in Vicky Velingkar
The mystery thriller will see them play close friends onscreen. ...
Article Marathi
Vicky Velingkar trailer: Sonalee Kulkarni is caught in a serious battle of fact vs fantasy
The Saurabh Verma film keeps us guessing as to whether the film is a mystery thriller or a thriller....
Article Marathi
Spruha Joshi plays Sonali Kulkarni's friend in Vicky Velingkar
The film will be her third release of the year after Welcome Zindagi and Baba. ...
Article Marathi
Baba trailer: Deepak Dobriyal brings to life a sweet, touching tale of parenthood
Directed by Raj R Gupta, the film marks the debut of Sanjay Dutt Productions. ...
Article Marathi
Baba teaser: Sanjay Dutt's first Marathi production shows a lot of promise
The film is the Marathi debut for well-known Hindi film actor Deepak Dobriyal. ...
Article Marathi
Sanjay Dutt to produce Marathi film starring Deepak Dobriyal
The untitled will be directed by Raj Gupta and has already gone on the floors....
Article Marathi
Reema Lagoo, Mohan Joshi in bitter-sweet relation in Home Sweet Home: Watch trailer
This directorial debut of actor Hrishikesh Joshi is the late actress Lagoo's last film....
Article Marathi
Ankush Chaudhari's Deva Ek Atrangee promises to be a sweet entertainer: Watch trailer
The film is the official remake of the acclaimed Malayalam film Charlie which starred Dulquer...
Article Marathi
Mala Kahich Problem Nahi trailer: Gashmeer Mahajani, Spruha Joshi try to fix their marriage
Director Sameer Vidwans returns to the genre of romantic drama where he has been most comfortable....


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We're In This Together!
These last several days have posed new challenges for all of us. But it is important to remember that your beef community—our ranchers and beef producers and their families—are continuing to provide a wholesome, safe food supply during this unprecedented time in our history.
Watch this space over the coming days and weeks for updated beef information, tutorials on ways to prepare and store beef, meal planning tips including using different beef cuts, cooking with leftovers in mind, and other helpful ideas.
And because so many of us (Yes...our staff included!) are balancing working from home with continuing school work for our kids, we will be providing links to educational resources and materials you can use for at-home learning.
In the meantime, there is always helpful information on BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com.
Stay safe and healthy, everyone!
Batch Cooking Basics
Families are adjusting to more time at home, and the Beef Checkoff is offering tips and ideas for batch cooking and leftovers to ensure meal planning is stress-free and packs a nutritious punch. Learn more about planning ahead in the kitchen.
One Dish Meals
Meals like this One-Dish Beef Stroganoff keep it simple with all the ingredients in one skillet, pot or dish. With new routines at home, something that takes some of the stress out of meal prep can be a welcome relief.
Resources for Producers
Thank you to our ranchers, dairy farmers and beef producers who are continuing to work to ensure a safe, wholesome food supply during this challenging time. We've curated a number of links to resources that may be helpful to you.
Education Resources
A lot of parents are looking for educational resources to use at home. The California Foundation for Agriculture in the Classroom provides a variety of resources for those educating students in grades K-12. Download resources or use their online request form to order a set at no cost.
Beef Education Resources from California Foundation for Agriculture in the Classroom