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Sugar consumption has increased dramatically over the last decades in Western societies. Especially the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages seems to be a major risk for the development of obesity. Thus, we compared liquid versus solid high-sugar diets with regard to dietary intake, intestinal uptake and metabolic parameters in mice and partly in humans.
Five iso-caloric diets, enriched with liquid (in water 30% vol/vol) or solid (in diet 65% g/g) fructose or sucrose or a control diet were fed for eight weeks to C57bl/6 mice. Sugar, liquid and caloric intake, small intestinal sugar transporters (GLUT2/5) and weight regulating hormone mRNA expression, as well as hepatic fat accumulation were measured. In obese versus lean humans that underwent either bariatric surgery or small bowel resection, we analyzed small intestinal GLUT2, GLUT5, and cholecystokinin expression.
In mice, the liquid high-sucrose diet caused an enhancement of total caloric intake compared to the solid high-sucrose diet and the control diet. In addition, the liquid high-sucrose diet increased expression of GLUT2, GLUT5, and cholecystokinin expression in the ileum (P<0.001). Enhanced liver triglyceride accumulation was observed in mice being fed the liquid high-sucrose or -fructose, and the solid high-sucrose diet compared to controls. In obese, GLUT2 and GLUT5 mRNA expression was enhanced in comparison to lean individuals.
We show that the form of sugar intake (liquid versus solid) is presumably more important than the type of sugar, with regard to feeding behavior, intestinal sugar uptake and liver fat accumulation in mice. Interestingly, in obese individuals, an intestinal sugar transporter modulation also occurred when compared to lean individuals.
Citation: Ritze Y, Bárdos G, D'Haese JG, Ernst B, Thurnheer M, Schultes B, et al. (2014) Effect of High Sugar Intake on Glucose Transporter and Weight Regulating Hormones in Mice and Humans. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101702. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101702
Editor: Mihai Covasa, INRA, France
Received: January 7, 2014; Accepted: June 10, 2014; Published: July 10, 2014
Copyright: © 2014 Ritze et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: This work was supported with grants from the Competence Network of Obesity, group 'Obesity and GI tract', funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ: 01GI0843). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Sugar consumption has increased dramatically over the last decades in Western societies and is regarded as a major risk for the development of obesity [1]. Particularly, changes in dietary and eating behavior such as preferring sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-rich processed food, in addition to a sedentary life style, are associated with the sharp rise in obesity [2]–[4]. Among the dietetic factors, sucrose- and fructose-rich soft drinks typically consumed in addition to meals are leading to enhanced energy uptake and emerge as the most consistent factor causing obesity [5]–[8].
Furthermore, a probable link exists between dietary fructose intake and obesity-associated diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance in humans [6]–[9].
The hypothesis to be tested is, if alterations of intestinal sugar-uptake and -signaling contribute to the development of obesity. Indeed, various studies have shown that altered sugar signaling pathways influence feeding behavior, modulate intestinal sweet taste receptors, sugar transporters, and alter weight-regulating gastrointestinal hormone expression [10]–[13]. Short-term studies in mouse and man revealed that monosaccharide transport across epithelial membranes in the intestine is mediated by the family of sodium-driven sugar co-transporters (SGLTs) and glucose transporters (GLUTs), respectively [14]. SGLT1, is a low-capacity, high-affinity transporter and the only transporter capable of moving glucose against a concentration gradient. While SGLT1 is saturated already at millimolar glucose levels, facilitated diffusion via GLUT2 seems to be the principal route for glucose and fructose absorption [15]. GLUT2 is the glucose transporter with the lowest affinity/specificity and the highest capacity for glucose (15). In addition, GLUT2 is capable of recognizing galactose and has been involved in the control of food intake in the hypothalamus [16].
GLUT5 is the only low-affinity high-capacity transporter specific and essential for the fructose uptake with no ability to transport glucose or galactose [17], [18]. Intestinal GLUT5 expression might be affected in the course of obesity and metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, data revealing the role of GLUT5 and GLUT2 in causing, contributing to or exacerbating the above mentioned diseases remain controversial [18], [19].
Sugars might also alter metabolism by modulating enteroendocrine cells. Enteroendocrine cells are known to act as primary chemoreceptors, sources of gastrointestinal hormones and peptides. Indirect evidence suggests a connection between sugar absorption and the secretion and function of some peptides [12], [20]–[22]. Thus, enhanced sugar uptake observed in obesity can augment energy uptake, but also alter sugar transport across the brush border membrane and gastrointestinal hormone release in the intestine.
Many questions remain open about the role of sugars, namely sucrose and fructose, in obesity and associated diseases. Most studies in the field are restricted to short-term effects of sugars on energy metabolism and other parameters. In the majority of cases the study designs are variable, and type (e.g. fructose versus glucose) and texture (liquid versus solid form) of the sugars are hardly analyzed in detail [7], [8], [23].
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of type and texture of dietetic sugars in mice. We fed liquid and solid high-fructose and -sucrose diets, and analyzed their influence on feeding behavior as well as the development of obesity and fatty liver disease. In obese and lean humans, intestinal sugar transporter and weight regulating hormone expression was analyzed.
Materials and Methods
Mice and treatments
Mice were housed in 'Individually Ventilated Cages' (IVCs) with cedar bedding in a pathogen-free barrier facility accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation for Laboratory Animal Care International (AAALAC). All procedures were approved by the local Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Regional Council Stuttgart, permit number: V 265/09 EM).
In two independent experiments, we investigated 6 weeks old female C57BL/6 mice (Janvier, Saint Berthevin Cedex, France). The mice were divided into five groups (n = 10 per group) according to five different dietetic regimes provided ad libitum over eight weeks. Group 1 (controls, C) received water and mouse breeding (MZ)-diet (standard diet from Sniff, Soest, Germany) containing 10% (g/g) sugars. Groups 2 (fructose liquid, Fl) and 3 (sucrose liquid, Sl) received water supplemented with fructose or sucrose at 30% (vol/vol), respectively, and enriched MZ-diet to compensate for reduced food uptake. Groups 4 (fructose solid, Fs) and 5 (sucrose solid, Ss) received water and the high-fructose or -sucrose diet containing 65% (g/g) sugars, which equals the sugar amount per day that mice ingested when offered sugar water at 30%. This approach resulted in a similar sugar uptake of about 2 g/d among all the groups except the control group (Figure 1A).
Sugar, liquid and food intake was analyzed (A). Total caloric, liquid and food caloric intake was determined (B). Data in panels A and B are shown as means ± SEM (n = 10). */**P<0.01, compared to control; §P<0.05, compared to sucrose solid. C, control; Fl, fructose liquid; Fs, fructose solid; Sl, sucrose liquid; Ss, sucrose solid.
Every two weeks the mice were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h, to which they were acclimatized to before. Measuring food and liquid intake g/d in the metabolic cages, the sugar and caloric intake for each mouse was calculated.
After 8 weeks, the mice were weighted and anesthetized via intra peritoneal administration (ketamine at 80 mg/kg and xylazin at 6 mg/kg body weight). Blood was collected from the portal vein prior to euthanatizing and plasma glucose in non-fasted mice was measured (Laboratory analysis, Sindelfingen, Germany). Specimen of duodenum and liver tissue were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen for RNA and protein extraction. Portions of liver tissue were snap-frozen and fixed in Tissue Tek O.C.T. compound (Sakura Finetek Europe, AV Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands) for subsequent sectioning and mounting on microscope slides.
Hepatic lipid analysis
Liver tissue pieces (50–100 mg) were homogenized in ice-cold 2x PBS and lipids were extracted. Triglycerides were assessed by chemo-luminescence using a commercial kit (Randox, Krefeld, Germany). Values were normalized to protein concentration, determined by Bradford assay, in liver homogenates (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich, Germany).
To determine hepatic lipid accumulation, frozen sections of liver (10 µm) were stained with Oil Red O and counterstained with hematoxylin (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany). Representative photomicrographs were captured at a 400x magnification using Axio Vert 200 M (Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
Endotoxin assay
Portal plasma samples were heated at 72°C for 20 min. Endotoxin concentration was determined using a limulus amebocyte lysate assay kinetic kit (concentration range 0.015–1.2 EU/mL; Charles River, Wilmington, MA). To minimize analysis errors, samples were spiked.
RNA isolation and real-time RT-PCR
Total RNA was extracted from murine ileum or human jejunal tissue samples using TriFast reagent (PEQLAB, Erlangen, Germany). RNA concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry, before 0.25 µg total RNA was reverse transcribed with an iScript DNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich, Germany) followed by a DNAse digestion step (Fermentas, St. Leon Rot, Germany). PCR primers were designed using Primer3 software (Whitehead Institute for biomedical research, Cambridge, MA, USA) (Table 1). SsoFast EvaGreen Supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich, Germany) was used to prepare the PCR mix. The amplification reactions were carried out in an iCycler (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Munich, Germany) with 40 cycles of a two-step PCR (denaturation 95°C for 35 s, denaturation 95°C for 5 s, annealing/extension 62°C for 10 s). The fluorescence intensity of each sample was measured at each temperature change to monitor amplification of the target gene. The comparative CT-method was used to determine the amount of target gene, normalized to an endogenous reference gene (18S) and relative to a calibrator (2−ΔΔCt). The purity of PCR products was verified by melting curves and gel electrophoresis.
Human samples
Whole jejunal tissue from 20 obese (BMI = 43.1±6.0 kg/m2) who underwent bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, Hospital St. Gallen, CH) and 14 lean patients (BMI 24.8±3.5 kg/m2) who underwent gut surgery for different reasons (e.g. cancer, Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munich) were analyzed. All patients gave written informed consent to the study, which was approved by the local ethics committees (permit number Stuttgart, Germany: 87/2009 BO1; Munich, Germany: 1926/07; Rorschach, Switzerland: EKSG 10/024/2B).
Calculation of metabolisable energy
The metabolisable energy is the difference between gross energy in consumed food (determined by bomb calorimetry) and energy in feces and urine (also measured by bomb calorimetry). The literature shows examples of macronutrients from which the heat of combustion and/or the coefficient of availability was measured [24]. With this outcome one may calculate the available energy (Table S1) from the macronutrients used in our diets. We corrected the macronutrient protein for urine extraction, as suggested by Rubner and Atwater (Table S1) [25]–[27].
Statistical analyses
All results are presented as means ± SEM. Results from different groups were compared by one-way ANOVA, or by the Kruskal Wallis test if variances calculated with Bartlett's test varied significantly. If significant differences between groups occurred we used the Tukey's post-hoc test to identify the particular groups that caused the differences. In addition, a two-way ANOVA was used to understand interactions between the form (liquid versus solid) and the type of sugar (fructose versus sucrose) (Table 2). An error value of P<0.05 was defined as the level of significance prior to study start. The software GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA) was used for calculations and graph design.
Effect of high-sugar diets on nutritional and weight parameters
Mice fed a high-sugar diet had a significant higher sugar intake compared to mice fed a control diet independent of the type and dosage form of the sugar (P<0.05; Figure 1A). We found a significant difference between the liquid and solid form of sugars analyzing kcal, sugar, liquid and food intake (P<0.01; Figure 1A), but not between the type of sugar (fructose versus sucrose). In this report, only mice fed the liquid high-sucrose diet had a significant elevated liquid intake and a reduced solid food intake compared to control mice and mice fed the solid high-sucrose diet (P<0.05; Figure 1A). Here, it is of note, that the metabolisable energy absorbed by the mice was not significant different between the liquid or solid high-sugar diets, meaning that these diets are comparable (Table S1).
Similarly, the changes in diet composition did not alter the total energy intake except in the group of mice receiving the liquid high-sucrose diet in which an enhanced energy intake was observed compared to the other groups (P<0.05; Figure 1B). Hence, the most pronounced enhancement of body weight was found in the group of mice receiving the liquid high-sucrose diet (P<0.01). Nevertheless, some weight gain was also observed in the group of mice receiving the solid high-sucrose diet (P<0.05; Table 3).
Furthermore, we calculated the ratio of kcal absorbed to grams of lean body mass and grams of adipose mass added over the dietary period. For our calculations we used the weight of the lean mice and the weight of the mice after the feeding period, since the adipose mass added is related to the lean body mass of the mice (Table 3). We found that the ratio of kcal absorbed to grams of lean body mass showed a significant difference between control and liquid sucrose fed mice. The ratio of kcal absorbed to grams of adipose mass added over the dietary period was significant difference between the group that became liquid sucrose and the group which was fed solid sucrose. Comparing the liquid and solid sugar groups and the sugar types (fructose versus sucrose) we found a significant difference between the liquid and solid sugars (P<0.05; data not shown) but not the sugar types.
The four high sugar-diets caused an increase in blood glucose and in tendency some increase in liver weight, which was more pronounced if the sugars were administered in solid form (Table 3).
Regulation of sugar transporters and hormones in the intestine by dietetic sugars
Feeding high-sugar diets, we found a strongly increased GLUT2 mRNA expression (Fl = about 90 fold; P<0.001; Sl = about 160 fold; P<0.001) when sugars were dissolved in drinking water compared to the control mice. If the sugars were administered in solid form, we also observed a significant, but clearly less pronounced up-regulation of ileal GLUT2 mRNA expression (P<0.05) compared to the control mice (Figure 2A). Similar results were obtained for GLUT5 mRNA expression (Figure 2B). Comparing sugar form and type we showed a significant difference between liquid and solid sugar form for GLUT2 and GLUT5 (P<0.001) as well as a significant difference of sugar type (fructose versus sucrose) for GLUT5 (P<0.05; Table 3) within the different dietetic groups.
Ileal GLUT2, GLUT5, CCK and ghrelin mRNA expression was detected (A/B/C/D). Data are shown as means ± SEM (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001; n = 9–10). GLUT2/5, glucose transporter 2/5; CCK, cholecystokinin, for diet abbreviations see Figure 1.
Both, the liquid high-fructose and -sucrose diets increased (P<0.05; P<0.01) CCK mRNA compared to solid high-sugar diets and the control diet (Figure 2C). In addition, the sugar form significantly influenced CCK (P<0.001) in contrast to the type of sugar (Table 2).
Similarly, ghrelin mRNA was slightly up-regulated feeding the fructose liquid diet compared to the fructose solid diet (P<0.05; Figure 2D). Comparing sugar form and type, we saw a significant difference between the two sugar types (P<0.05) for ghrelin expression but not the sugar forms. Nesfatin-1 mRNA was down-regulated in mice fed the sucrose liquid diet compared to the sucrose solid diet (P<0.05, data not shown).
High-sugar diets increase hepatic lipid accumulation
Hepatic fat accumulation was investigated depending on whether high-sugar diets or sugars in liquid or solid form were administered to the mice. Hepatic triglycerides were increased (P<0.05) in mice receiving high-sugar diets, except in mice being fed the liquid high-fructose diet, in comparison to the control mice (Figure 3A). Similarly, the liver to body weight ratio was significantly enhanced in all the high-sugar diet fed mice compared to the control mice (Figure 3B). A noticeable but not significant increase in portal endotoxin levels following consumption of the high-fructose diets, was measured (Figure 3C). The sugar form and type significantly influenced triglycerides but not liver to body ratio or endotoxin concentration (Table 2). Overall fatty acid accumulation in the liver seemed to be more pronounced in the liquid high-sugar groups compared to the solid high-sugar groups. However, hepatic fat was up-regulated to some extent in all mice that were fed high-sugar diets (Figure 3D).
Concentrations of triglycerides in the liver (A), and liver to body ratio (B) were detected. Portal endotoxin (C), and Oil Red O staining showing fat accumulation in the liver (D) are shown. Data is shown as means ± SEM (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001; n = 6–10). For Abbreviations see Figure 1.
Intestinal sugar transporter expression in obese compared to normal weight humans
We found a significant enhancement of GLUT2 (P<0.01; Figure 4A) and GLUT5 (P<0.05; Figure 4B) mRNA expression in human small intestine from obese compared to lean individuals. In contrast, CCK mRNA was down-regulated in obese versus lean humans (P<0.05; Figure 4C).
Small intestinal hGLUT2, hGLUT5 and hCCK mRNA expression was detected (A/B/C). Data are shown as means ± SEM (*P<0.05; **P<0.01; n = 12–20). hGLUT2/5, human glucose transporter 2/5; hCCK, human cholecystokinin; Ob, obese; Nw, normal weight.
The results we present here provide evidence that liquid versus solid high-sugar diets differentially modulate feeding behavior, distinct intestinal sugar transporters and weight regulating hormones. Consequently, liquid high-sugar diets may be a critical component for the development of obesity and fatty liver disease in mice. Interestingly, in obese humans we find similar enhanced sugar transporter regulation within the small intestine as in liquid high-sugar diet fed mice, but opposed weight regulating hormone expression.
In a previous study by our group, mice, when fed a liquid high-fructose diet, compensated elevated caloric intake by reducing food intake [28]. In contrast, feeding a liquid high-glucose or -sucrose diet, caloric intake and weight gain were increased compared to control mice [28], [29]. Possibly, feeding behavior is differently regulated for fructose and glucose intake.
In this study, we investigate, if there is a difference in feeding behavior between mice receiving liquid or solid sugars. Therefore, we explicitly compare the effect of sugar administration in solid versus liquid form. The mice show an obvious preference for the liquid high-sucrose diet in terms of liquid sucrose and total caloric ingestion compared to the solid high-sucrose or control diet. Similar observations have been made in man, since sweetened soft drink ingestion is clearly associated with an increased energy intake in humans [30], [31].
In accordance with the elevated caloric intake in the mice fed liquid sucrose, we determine an up-regulation of the ileal sugar transporters GLUT2 and GLUT5 compared to the control mice or mice fed the sucrose in solid form. Although the duodenum is the first site of sugar absorption, the ileum shows the most pronounced effects, assumingly, due to a fast transport of the sucrose solution within the small intestine of the mice.
In addition, previous studies have proven that GLUT2 is primed in mice receiving long term high-sugar diets, as well as in diabetic rats [32]. Similar to our findings, another study reported that a 30 day high-fructose diet resulted in the permanent presence of GLUT2 in the apical membrane [33]. Furthermore, GLUT2 plays a key role in glucose and fructose detection, thus controlling feeding behavior in mice [16]. GLUT2 is also proposed to regulate sugar intake in humans. For example, individuals with a GLUT2 allelic variant (Thr110Ile) from two separate Canadian populations have a higher daily intake of sugars [34].
In line with our findings, other studies verified that a high-fructose diet increased intestinal GLUT5 or GLUT2 short term expression. Similar results were obtained when rodents were intestinally perfused with increasing fructose concentrations [13], [18]. We confirm and extend such data by showing enhanced GLUT2, but not GLUT5 expression feeding the liquid high-fructose diet, when compared to the solid high-fructose or the control diets.
Sugars also stimulate the sweet taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3) and gustducin followed by the up-regulation of SGLT1 expression [13], [35]. Since we measure an increase of T1R3 but not SGLT1 mRNA expression we assume that the here shown effects are due to a long term sugar stimulation (Figure S1). We postulate that SGLT1 elevation may occur within a very short time frame after sugar consumption, keeping in mind that the SGLT1 is saturated by a relatively small sugar concentration (30 mMol). Nevertheless, SGLT1 seems to play a role as a glucose sensor involved in the control of apical GLUT2 insertion [32]. If the SGLT1 is involved in the here shown GLUT2 enhancement needs further investigation.
Similar to the up-regulation of intestinal GLUT2 and GLUT5, the satiety hormone CCK is enhanced in the ileum of mice fed with liquid high-sugar diets, in contrast to mice fed with solid high-sugar diets or control diets. CCK is known to suppress carbohydrate intake via the CCK-A receptor [36]. In both, preclinical and clinical studies, CCK decreased food intake by reducing meal size and duration [37], [38]. However, no reduction of 24-h food intake was seen due to compensatory increases of CCK [39]. Similarly, in clinical trials after 24-h continuous CCK infusion, subjects developed tolerance [40]. Hence, the here shown up-regulation of CCK after feeding liquid high-sugar diets to mice, might be compensated by not yet known mechanisms.
As confirmed for CCK, ghrelin is known to influence feeding behavior in the periphery as well as centrally [41]–[43]. According to our data, the different sugar diets have only minor effects on ghrelin and virtually no effects on nesfatin-1 and PYY expression (data not shown). Consequently, a rather selective influence of sugars in liquid form on particular weight regulating hormones, such as CCK, is anticipated.
Hepatic triglycerides show a similar enhancement when being compared to GLUT2 and CCK mRNA expression in the intestine after feeding liquid high-sugar diets compared to control mice. Our data support a study by Sakar et al. who proposed a positive regulatory control loop between a high-fructose diet and intestinal GLUT2/GLUT5 transporters which is at the same time linked to hepatic metabolic functions in rodents [44]. As expected, liver to body weight ratio is increased in all the high-sugar diet fed mice compared to control mice, which is in agreement with the increased overall hepatic lipid accumulation we see in liver tissue.
Similar to mice fed a high-sugar diet, obese subjects have elevated small intestinal GLUT2 and GLUT5 levels in contrast to lean subjects. Of course, we cannot say that sugars lead to the effects we show in obese humans, but we assume that the excessive consumption of a westerns style diet in the obese group might have an influence on the here shown dysregulation of weight regulating parameters. Underlining our statement, it is clearly shown in the literature [45], [46], that obese have a greater energy intake than expenditure. In contrast, lean humans in general have a balanced energy household. Nevertheless, we have to keep in mind that some studies show no increase in overall dietary carbohydrate uptake in overweight/obese compared to lean subjects [47], [48]. Therefore, it is of importance to calculate the absorbed or metabolisable energy meaning the difference between gross energy in consumed food and energy in feces and urine. We here use values from the literature referring to Southgate and Durnin who showed that with bomb calorimetry determined and on the other hand calculated values are in good agreement [49]. Another report using a rodent model showed that Atwater factors predicted metabolisable energy with satisfactory accuracy in purified diets as we used here [50]. However, it is of note, that data available for our article was measured in humans or chicken [24], [51].
Interestingly, small intestinal CCK is down-regulated in obese compared to lean humans. Our finding suggests a CCK dysregulation that might lead to reduced satiety signaling, boosting the development of obesity.
In conclusion, our data indicates that liquid high-sugar diets compared to solid high-sugar diets differentially modulate feeding behavior, as well as intestinal sugar transporters, and hormone expression. Our study implicates a risk for an increased consumption of sucrose sweetened beverages, followed by elevated intestinal energy uptake and the development of fatty liver disease.
According to the data we present here, antagonists of GLUT2 and GLUT5 might be novel pharmacologic targets for modulating feeding behavior and intestinal sugar uptake in obese patients. GLUT2 and GLUT5 inhibitors could prevent from a dramatically increased intestinal sugar uptake, presumably leading to weight reduction. A combination of medication including GLUT2/5 antagonists and the treatment of negative side effects e.g. diarrhea and flatulence might be a possibility for obese individuals to loose weight. However, if GLUT2/5 antagonists are reliable and sustainable drugs against obesity needs further investigation.
Supporting Information
Figure S1.
Effects of high-sugar diets on intestinal T1R3 and SGLT1 mRNA expression. Small intestinal T1R3 and SGLT1 mRNA expression was detected (A/B). Data are shown as means ± SEM (*P<0.05; n = 10). T1R3: taste receptor type 1 member 3; SGLT1: sodium-driven sugar co-transporter 1.
Table S1.
Metabolizable energy of diets. Protein corrected for unoxidized material estimated about 23% of energy lost in urine and feces [27]. The difference of available energy of liquid and solid diets as well as fructose and sucrose is not significant and was calculated using the 2-way ANOVA. MN, macro nutrients, Fl, fructose liquid; Fs, fructose solid; Sl, sucrose liquid; Ss, sucrose solid; CAE, coefficient of available energy; ME, metabolizable energy.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: YR SB. Performed the experiments: YR GB BE. Analyzed the data: YR GB BE. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SB BS JD MT. Wrote the paper: YR GB BE SB BS JD MT.
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text:
Hostelworld Raccomanda
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Happy Fish Guesthouse
Happy Fish Guest House is located in Patong, a 10-minute walk from the beach and nightlife spots. Offering bright rooms with private bathrooms, it also houses an Italian-style café.
The air-co... Altro...
The Guest House
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The Guest House is one of the cheapest Patong hotels and the quality of our rooms exceeds anything in this price range in Phuket.
... Altro...
Ban Patong Residence
Ban Patong Residence is a boutique home atmosphere. Homely vibe where you truly feel at home , It has a home spirit around which you immediately feel upon arrival .Our stuff are very friendly and h... Altro...
Pakta Phuket
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Pensiri House
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Boutique Resort Private Pool Villa Phuket
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The Artist House Patong
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Chino Town Gallery Guesthouse
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Il Mare Patong Place
IL MARE Patong Place offers a 24-hr front desk service and free Wi-Fi. Pets are welcomed at the property upon request with an extra charge.
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Presley Guesthouse
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Karon Clinic
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MVC Patong House
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Villa Oxavia
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Stanley's Guesthouse
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Na Siam Guest House & Cafe
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Apsara Residence Phuket
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Lamai Guesthouse
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
War and revolution; excerpts from the letters and diaries of the Countess Olga Poutiatine. Translated and edited by George Alexander Lensen.
By: Puti︠a︡tina, Olʹga Evgen'evna, grafini︠a︡.
Contributor(s): Lensen, George Alexander.Material type: TextPublisher: Tallahassee, Fla., Diplomatic Press [1971]Description: 111 p. illus. 24 cm.ISBN: 0910512124; 9780910512121.Subject(s): Soviet Union -- History -- Revolution, 1917-1921 -- Personal narratives | World War, 1914-1918 -- Personal narratives | Puti︠a︡tina, Olʹga Evgen'evna, grafini︠a︡, 1891-1940 -- DiariesDDC classification: 947.084/1092/4 | B LOC classification: DK265.7 | .P82313
|Item type
|Current location
|Call number
|Date due
|University of Texas At Tyler Stacks - 3rd Floor
|DK265.7 .P82313 (Browse shelf)
Browsing University of Texas At Tyler Shelves , Shelving location: Stacks - 3rd Floor Close shelf browser
|DK265.42.U5 U5 American intervention in the Russian Civil War.
|DK265.7 .B613 From tsarist general to Red Army commander
|DK265.7 .N26 1976 V.D. Nabokov and the Russian Provisional Government, 1917 /
|DK265.7 .P82313 War and revolution;
|DK265.7 .R613 1970 The diary of a diplomat in Russia, 1917-1918.
|DK265.7 .V65 1971 The Russian Revolution of 1917;
|DK265.8.S5 S6 The Bolsheviks in Siberia, 1917-1918 /
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text:
Style Advice Older Man Hi! I'm Antonio Centeno, the founder of Real
Men Real Style. Today I'm going to be answering the question, "How should an older man dress?" Basically, I received an email from a gentleman.
He's in his 60s and he's asking me, "Antonio, how should I dress?" Now, I want to let you know that this is brought
to you by Kirby over at the Hanger Project. Kirby runs his company at Dallas, Texas. It's
a great company. In fact, what Kirby does is he scours the globe looking for the best
products in menswear to bring you. So he's got some amazing socks coming out of Italy,
ties coming out of Italy. He makes some amazing hangers. In fact, he's got a really great
story. A University of Texas alum realized that there
are not great hangers out there for the suits and trousers out there that men are spending
thousands of dollars on. So he went off and he started a company. I really admire what
Kirby is doing. If you haven't checked out his company, just go check it out because
you'll be amazed at the quality of products that are out there. If you get tired of going
to places like Target and Walmart and just seeing really the disposable stuff that they
try to sell, go check out what Kirby has. You will be amazed. He's got things there
which you'll pass on to your son that will last you a lifetime. The question that came in to me is, "Antonio,
I noticed that all the clothing out there is for young men. I'm a 60-year-old man. How
should I dress? I want to go out and enjoy a night on the town. What do you suggest that
I wear?" So a gentleman sent me that question. I really
want to address but first let me talk about some of the problems. A lot of older guys
in their 50s and 60s are getting laid off and they're finding — they're out there and
it's hard. They're competing against guys who are half their age, who will take half
the salary. It's a tough world. In addition, there are guys that worked 25 to 30 years,
Master Sergeant, First Sergeant, gets out of the army and he finds it — he's worked
25, 30 years of his life away. He's still single because the army didn't issue him a
wife. Okay, that was supposed to be funny. But in any case, they're finding they're at
this age, they're out there competing with younger men, how should they dress? How should
they present themselves? Well, I'm going to give them a number of things.
I'm going to take about five things in particular which I would recommend for an older man. 1. Do Not Try To Dress Like A Young Man The number one thing is, do not try to dress
like a 20-year-old. Do not try to dress like a teenager. A lot of guys, especially I hear
this from guys getting out of the military. They're in their late 40s and they find that
they have the same clothing that they wore when they entered. They have that REO Speedwagon
shirt, yup, they still got that because they picked it up at the concert back in 1988. Okay, guys, if that's the case, you really
want to upgrade and you don't want to, yeah, you don't want to dress like a 20 or 30-year-old.
Do not wear the torn up jeans. If you're in your 30s, you probably shouldn't be wearing
torn up True Religion jeans. You want to be wearing age-appropriate clothing. What is
that? Let me get in to number two. 2. Find Brands That Suit You Find brands that suit you. If you're in your
60s, your body is starting to change. The levels of testosterone are starting to go
down a little. If you're working out, eating red meat, taking care of yourself, they could
remain up. But you're probably finding that your body is shifting. You want pants that
suit you, perhaps have a little bit higher rise. Go see my friend, Casey Golden. She's
over at The Butt Therapist and she's going to recommend you in the interview we did.
She talked about Zegna jeans. You can do a quick search on jeans for the older men. I
talked about this. But you want to find brands which suit your age. So go to the finer menswear
stores. Talk to them. You don't have to buy from them. Talk to them and learn from these
guys. That was number two, find brands. Number one, don't dress like a teenager. 3. Be Aware: Society Has Expectations The other one and number three is understand
that society has expectations and that society stereotypes you. People look at you and they
make this quick decision. As an older man, they're looking to you for leadership. They're
looking — you have a place in society and don't try to fight that. Use it to your advantage.
Women are attracted to older men. I know I married one. No, I married a younger woman,
not an older man. Okay, guys, that came out wrong. That was number three. Let's go to
number four. 4. Own The Latest Technology Own the latest technology. Why is it important
for you to have the latest iPhone or the latest Android or to be sporting a pretty good laptop?
Because you — there is a stereotype out there that older men aren't able to keep up on technology.
So if you're talking about that Facebook thing or that YouTube thingamajig or the Twitter,
you want to understand that technology. So spend some time, understand the technology.
Carry a nice new phone. You don't have to use everything on it. The reason you want
to do that is you want to, if you go into a meeting and you're surrounded by a bunch
of 20-year-olds, you want to be able to put your phone on the table or your iPad and for
them to understand, yes, without saying a word, you say that "I am up on technology.
I have the latest gear. You don't have to try to school me on it. Let's get to business." 5. Experiment With The Classics The final thing, tip number five gentlemen,
is experiment with the classics. I know you're not in your 20's anymore. You're not getting
a mohawk, not coloring your hair but what you can do is you can introduce a Panama hat.
You can look at a Guayabera. You can start to wear gray flannel trousers. Those have
been around for 50, 75, 100 years and they're going to continue to be around. They looked
great on your father and your grandfather. I don't know if your father wore them but
your grandfather probably rocked them. So don't be afraid to experiment with the classics. All right, those are my five tips for a gentleman
over the age of 60, if you're in your 50s, for the older gentleman to dress sharp. Hope
you enjoyed them and definitely go check out the Hanger Project and say hi to Kirby when
you go visit him. Take care. I see you guys in the next video.


text:
Whose ready for this month's For the Love of Polish box?? The theme for April is Opals and these stunning, flakie filled polishes will blow you away! Polished for Days & Pahlish are joined this month by guest brand Quixotic Polish. The FTLOP Box will be available for a 48 hour preorder from April 3rd to… Continue reading For the Love of Polish|The Opal Box| April 2020
Category: Quixotic Polish
Polish Pickup | Aquatic Wonder | April 2020
As a fan of the beach and ocean life, I was very excited for the Aquatic Wonders theme for April Polish Pickup. There were so many different angles that makers could draw inspiration from and I was super pleased with the range of polish colors and finishes that makers brought to the table. There are… Continue reading Polish Pickup | Aquatic Wonder | April 2020
Polish Pickup | Ancient History | March 2020
The theme for this month's Polish Pickup is Ancient History. For me, this theme was a bit of a wild card. I'm not at all a history buff, so I had no idea what to expect. I was pleasantly surprised with what makers have come up with (and even more surprised that I was actually… Continue reading Polish Pickup | Ancient History | March 2020
Quixotic Polish | 3 Year Anniversary Collection | February 2020
I've been on a polish swatching binge over the last week or so and I have so many pictures (and maybe a few swatch videos) to share with you. Let's started with the upcoming 3 year anniversary collection from Quixotic Polish. I always love getting to see indie maker's celebrate brand birthdays. I can't imagine… Continue reading Quixotic Polish | 3 Year Anniversary Collection | February 2020
Quixotic Polish | 2020 Vision Trio
As we prepare to head in to a new year and a new decade, most of us start to make plans and set goals for the year to come. My goals heading into 2019 were to eat more tacos and to master a new craft. Now, as we head out of 2019, I'm several pounds… Continue reading Quixotic Polish | 2020 Vision Trio
Polish Pick Up | Magic & Alchemy – September 2019
Who's ready for another round of Polish Pickup? September will be magical with a theme of Magic & Alchemy. I can't get enough of movies and shows such as The Craft, Harry Potter, The Magicians, Buffy the Vampire Slayer & Hocus Pocus, so this month was right up my alley. This month's Polish Pickup will… Continue reading Polish Pick Up | Magic & Alchemy – September 2019
Hella Handmade Creations | August 2019 – Part 1
Have you ever felt like the cosmos aligned and gifted you the perfect evening?? My belly is full with some delicious Macayos, there an amazing monsoon thunderstorm outside, and I'm comfy in my bed, watching old episodes of Buffy the Vampire Slayer. What more could I hope for on this midsummer day??? So, inquiring minds… Continue reading Hella Handmade Creations | August 2019 – Part 1
Hella Handmade Creations | July 2019
Ladies and gentleman, it is the most wonderful time of the year...... July!!! A little bit because I just love summer, but mainly because it is my BIRTHDAY MONTH!!!! Where are all of my July babies at?? You know me, so the best way for me to celebrate is by playing with the gorgeous polishes… Continue reading Hella Handmade Creations | July 2019
Quixotic Polish | Island Flakies Collection
Makers have been killing in with the flakies! Normally I'm a sucker for holo, but I think I've fully converted over to a flakie fanatic over the past few months. This is the season of bright colors, and Quixotic Polish's Island Flakies Collection fits the bill. The Island Flakies Collection is a set of three… Continue reading Quixotic Polish | Island Flakies Collection
Hella Handmade Creations | June 2019 | Part 2
Don't forget to click here to see the first half of my June HHC swatches! Let's get to the second half! All polishes done using Vapid Lacquer - Commitment Issues and Get Your Shine On High Shine Quick Dry Top Coat. Quixotic Polish Fly High Theme: Graffiti Art Fly High is described as a peacock teal based… Continue reading Hella Handmade Creations | June 2019 | Part 2


text:
The Vineyard in Hong KongContemporary Home Bar, Hong Kong
Seated home bar - large contemporary l-shaped seated home bar idea in Hong Kong with flat-panel cabinets, white backsplash and white cabinets — Houzz
What Houzz contributors are saying:
Cathy Lara added this to Houzz Tour: Spacious Contemporary Home in Hong KongJune 14, 2012
The grayish-brown grain of the bar countertop and stool legs contrasts with the stark white shelving and cabinetry.
What Houzzers are commenting on:
ID12FL19NathaliaSegura added this to 17. Plastic LaminateOctober 20, 2019
inspiration pic #4: I like this image because of the side piece of brown laminate going down the cabinet.
ID 12 FL19 LIANG YONGQI added this to Plastic LaminateOctober 16, 2019
5.Contact Info: Aimee Ho Unit 1501, 15/F., 303 Hennessy Road Wanchai, Hong Kong 0000 Hong Kong Category: Interior Designers & Decorators
L|M Décor added this to 17. Plastic LaminateOctober 21, 2018
2. Plastic Laminate to look like hardwood vinyl on the side of this kitchen island
feifeiwu added this to 17. Plastic LaminateOctober 15, 2018
4. I like the plastic laminate that is only being used as part of the dining table, it matches the kitchen and also away from fire.
Jenn added this to taylor houseJuly 28, 2018
lower level bar. I like this contemporary laminate
Maria Barthelmess added this to family roomMarch 20, 2018
hanging light and wine glass display


text:
*Click the professional video tour for this home for tabs to 360 panoramic views, photo gallery & measurements* A true princess here, after all those frogs!! You'll be so glad you found me, the perfect next home for your growing family that is renovated & move-in ready. My attractive facade and gated front veranda is perfect for that summer morning coffee. I'm cute already and you're not even in the front door! My huge windows let warm, natural light flood in to reveal that I am super pretty, in other words: clean, polished, gleaming, in wonderful condition, spacious and inviting! Think 1480 square feet of near perfection, fully finished with lovely basement development and an over-sized detached double garage with built-in workbenches. With an eat-in kitchen that is white & bright with stainless steel appliances and gleaming ebony quartz, the most important room in the house will be the centre of family togetherness. (see additional remarks)
Elke Babiuk, 403-998-2735 at CIR Realty, #130, 703 64th Avenue SE, Calgary, Alberta, T2H 2C3


text:
Two Neurons and Two Difference Rectifiers. Panel by Papernoise.
adaption of NauModular Perin Noise module
SN-101 Smooth Noise Generator
Random generation that you control.
Velvet Noise generator
Polyphonic white noise output. Polyphony matches src input
Stereo Noise source, with low and high frequency filter
Virtual Analog VCO/LFO
The Surge correlated noise channel
Sample & Hold
Cellular automata VCO/LFO
S&H/Noise/Gate generator
Noise Generator
Warren Burt noise s&h lfo Aardvark IV RVG cell, clockable, cvable, syncable
NoiseUtilityClock generatorSample and holdLow-frequency oscillator
Imitation of the Buchla 208 noise generators from the Buchla Easel
256 bits bitshifter with S&H and noise and inner LFO and VCO
Mechanical Chaos Source
Drum Synthesizer
Percussion Synthesizer
Mechanical Chaos Source
Drum Synthesizer
Percussion Synthesizer
Noise source with multiple flavors & absolute value
Based on Mutable Instruments Kinks
White and Pink Noise Generator
A toolkit of functions intended to support generative music creation
NoiseSample and holdLow-frequency oscillatorRandomClock generator
Slew-Limited Noise
Low frequency random voltage generator
All the colors of noise
A recreation of the NES Noise Generator
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By purchasing a plugin on the VCV Library, you agree to the End User License Agreement and Refund Policy.


text:
Hire Singer in Richmond
Submit your event details to see a personalised list of Singers in Richmond available to book instantly.
Singers in Richmond to book instantly
Instant prices & availability for Singers in Richmond to consider for your event
Fill details of your event and search services from 353 Singers local to you now.
Singer & Pianist - 2 Hours
Verified bookings: 2
Multi Instrumentalist - 1 x 60 Minute Performance
Verified bookings: 5
Solo Secret Singing Waiter Package A
Verified bookings: 19
Solo Vocal With Tracks - 2 x 45 Minutes
Verified bookings: 13
Popular Songs For A Private Party - 2 x 45 Minutes
Verified bookings: 1
Matthew and Backing Tracks - 2 x 45 Minute Sets
Dan Reynard - Live Music (Party/Event) 2 X 45 Minutes
Verified bookings: 64
4 Piece Gospel Choir Plus Acoustic Keyboard - 1 Hour
Verified bookings: 51
Singing Waiters (Two Waiters)
Verified bookings: 33
General Evening Singer - 2 x 45 Minutes
Verified bookings: 10
Craig Squance Singing Waiter
Verified bookings: 71
Soul Singer - 2 x 45 Minute Sets
Verified bookings: 23
410 Singers in Richmond to request a quote from
Are you looking for a Singer in Richmond, Surrey? Our catalogue includes 410 acts available for hire in Richmond.
Recent review: Top marks for a great band. Lovely people to deal with up to the event. Great music for the evening. Everyone really enjoyed themselves with plenty of guests on the dance floor. Many thanks for helping us have such a wonderful day. Theresa and Dave xx
Elvis Tribute Artist Kidd Galahad
Recent review: "Absolutely brilliant!we had such fun and Kidd made sure everyone got involved .He was genuine and a great entertainer.By the end of the afternoon he was just part of the family ! Thank you for making it so special my husband had the time of his life ! Sam"
Dan Reynard
Recent review: Dan was excellent. Nice easy music to start, followed by great dancy music to get the crowd dancing. Couldn't fault anything - would definitely book him again!
About: Music from 60's to present day . Serenity have been playing together since 2010. In that time we have achieved very positive reaction from the public and landlords throughout the North East .
Craig Squance - Singing Waiter
Recent review: "Craig was absolutely amazing from start to finish My guest's didn't have a clue what was to come and it's all everybody keeps talking about he got the ball rolling for the night I would recommend this to everyone Thank you Craig you made the day so special for us and our guests xx"
John A. Christie
Recent review: John was a pleasure to deal with right from the start. He helped our night go perfect especially since this was all arranged at the last minute. The guests all enjoyed his great voice and joining in on the Karaoke. Thanks John
Recent review: "No 1 - first class....... Neil really made our night entertaining. It was exactly what I was looking for. A mixture of pop, swing and oldies. I asked Neil if we could all sing along with him as this is what I wanted. He sent me his play list and I hand picked the songs, which was brilliant as I catered for everyones taste. My only disapointment is that I wish I had booked him longer. An excellent singer that all my friends and family are still talking about. Thank you Neil..."
Rich Sings Swing
About: An award winning professional singer with over 70 live reviews on Review . Com. Richard performs Rat Pack / Swing / Michael Buble and a selection of fabulous dance floor filling songs if required fr…
Singers 4 Supper - Singing Waiters
Recent review: We had an incredible event with the incognito waiters at the Strathclyde Business graduation ball! Our guests were pleasantly shocked by their appearance and were quick to jump on chairs and belt out the classics. Not only were the waiters brilliant singers but they were very adaptable and worked with the requirements of our event!
Lorna Adams
Recent review: Lorna was excellent when performing at my birthday party. I would highly recommend Lorna for any event.
Pop Up Choir (Gospel)
Recent review: Pop up choir absolutely made my wedding ceremony personal and emotional! Highly recommend!
Mike Gatto
Recent review: Mike was such a nice guy, down to earth and genuine. Everyone commented on his great voice and choice of songs. He really made my party special, including singing happy birthday!! The kids loved him too! Thanks Mike you will be top of the list for our next party!
Stevenson Covers
Recent review: Really impressed and happy with Stevenson Covers! The music was spot on and great service! Happy to accommodate requests and kept in touch leading up to the party!
Jack Oscar
Recent review: Jack was absolutely fantastic, from moment of booking he has communicated everything so well. And the voice, well what can I say! Brilliant singer, it was a small dinner party we held and Jack had the perfect balance of music & chat that suited our guests and complimented the evening. Fantastic night! Thanks
The Fabulous Dakers Boys
About: This is an amazing opportunity to hire a group of extremely talented North east musicians. Amaze your guests with their originality, talent and professionalism. The Dakers Boys have been entertaining…
Matthew Lowery Swing Singer
About: North east based swing singer with years of experience performing in venues and theatres nationwide.
Michael Buble Christmas Tribute Show
About: My Michael Bublè Christmas tribute act is a show I've been doing for a number of years now, it always goes down a storm.
Teesside's King of Swing
About: Jordan Turner is a Redcar vocalist who specialises in recreating the fabulous swing sounds of the legendary Rat pack era along with numbers by contemporary stars such as Buble and Williams. With a…


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Select Country & City
UAE All Cities
Visit the family-friendly Rashidiya Public library featuring endless works of fiction and non-fiction books. Like all public libraries in Dubai, the Rashidiya branch has a designated children's section with a reading hall, activity room and audiovisual facilities. Membership is available to UAE residents & UAE/GCC citizens.
April 2020
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Explore The City, Courses, Cam Al Twar Library, Al Twar
Explore The City, Art, Music & Jameel Arts Center, Jaddaf Waterfront
Explore The City, Courses, Cam Hor Al Anz Library
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Event Details
Canoe Point Outrigger Canoe
07 Mar 2020 to 08 Mar 2020Grand Prix Regatta Round 1
NQ Zoners it's that time of year where the OC6's, 1's and 2's get dusted off for the first Grand Prix Regatta of the NQ Zone Series. Not forgetting the V1's and 3's.
Canoe Point will host the first regatta of the racing season on 7 March 2020 at Tannum Sands Main Beach. This is a fun regatta with some serious racing.
Important dates: Club and Individual Nominations close on 29 February 2020.
Reffreshments will be available on the day. Presentations will be held after the regatta at the Main BBQ area. After presentations a get toegether will be held at the Tannum Sands Hotel.
The ususal safety rules apply for OC1's and 2's and V1's.
We hope to see you there, supporting our southern families.


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Agenda and draft minutes
Venue: Wallis Room, Parkside, Chart Way, Horsham
Contact: Email: email@example.com Direct Line: 01403 215465
Notes of previous meeting PDF 85 KB
To receive the notes of the meeting held on 6 November 2019
The notes of the meeting held on 6 November 2019 were received by the group.
Discover Horsham District (5.35pm)
The Group will receive an update from the Head of Economic Development and a demonstration of the Discover Horsham website, which is the Council's new website for visitors to the district.
The Senior Digital Communications Officer presented the new Discover Horsham District Website to the group.
The new website had been in development for over two years with the intention of creating a website to promote Horsham District as a tourist destination from a single source.
The website had been developed in collaboration with local businesses, societies and groups and absorbed multiple outdated websites.
The Communications team would look to evolve and expand the website going forward following favourable opinions from the group.
Electric Vehicle charging points (6.05pm)
The Group will receive an update on Horsham District and West Sussex County Council developments regarding EV charging points. This will include work completed to date, the future direction and next steps.
The Head of Parking Services provided an overview of the current electric vehicle charging points within the district and how the service would be looking to provide more availability of these points.
There would be a review of current HDC car parks to see which could support the installation of new electric vehicle charging points and a greater emphasis to install charging points within new developments.
Proposed Parking Charge changes (6.25pm)
The Head of Parking will brief the Group on the proposed parking charge changes that have been included in the Council's Medium Term Financial Strategy 2023/24 (MTFS). The MTFS will be considered at the Cabinet meeting on 23 January.
The Head of Parking Services provided the group with an overview of potential changes to car park charges throughout the District.
Employment Land and Facilities (7.05pm)
To receive an update from the Head of Economic Development
The Head of Economic Development provided the group with a brief update on Employment Land and Facilities, specifically: Land North of Horsham, Billingshurst, and Novartis.
Forward Plan Extract for the Local Economy Portfolio (7.15pm)
There are no items on the current Forward Plan (January 2020) for the Local Economy and Parking Portfolio.
There were no relevant items.


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1.5 / June 4, 2018
App Information Jewels Quest Adventure
- App NameJewels Quest Adventure
- Package Namecom.GameJewel.JewelsLegendAdventure.MatchTiga
- UpdatedJune 4, 2018
- File SizeUndefined
- Requires AndroidAndroid 2.3 and up
- Version1.5
- DeveloperRobertsonS
- Installs10+
- PriceFree
- CategoryAdventure
- Developer
- Google Play Link
RobertsonS Show More...
Jewels Quest Adventure 1.5 APK
Jewels Legend Adventure is an adventure that makes you excitedinthis jewel adventure. Adventure arcade mode to get ahigherlevel.no forest is just the desert you will pass in thisgame.Complete your mission so as not to be curious in this game.Howtoplay :..match jewel mystery 3 colors the same...game jewelmystery4 colors the same...match jewel mystery 5 colors thesame...gamejewel mystery 6 colors the same...using magic togainstrength...get a very powerful bomb...focus inplay.Features:500levels you have to win.HD images.Donwloadrightnow........................
Super World Jungle - MRio 1.0 APK
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Jewel Quest Adventure is a mission that seeks hiddenmysterioustreasures hidden in times and centuries.How to play :findhiddentreasure in 3 matches.find hidden treasure in a 4 gemmatch.findhidden treasure inside the match of 5 gems.find the bombto destroythe obstacle in front of you.magic will help you inthismission.Features:You will not regret playing this game.imagesthatfocus on the game.many challenges in this game and donotlose.Donwload right now...................
Jewel Deluxe 2019 - Jewel Classic Game 1.1.0 APK
Jewel Deluxe 2019 - New Jewel Classic Game legendary matchthreegems and jewelry.How to play:1. Combining more identical gemsofthree or four or more.2. Customize gems with the same color.3.Ifyou find a star, you will find that high value.4. Launch theweaponif you get it.5. Many effects are offered in this game.6. ThenewBlue Magic will destroy most gems7. New Boom gem will spin andwillrelease a megic that will destroy the gem.features:- Over290levels you need to win missions.- Match 4 gems can issueautomaticweapons.- Match 5 gems can win gem colors and 2 lighting.-If youfind gem Lighting Combine.- The bomb left the right light.-Colorchanging gems can remove other colored gems.- Securitiesofferedlike arrows, bash, boom, fire, ice, keys and magic.-Extraordinaryeffects will fascinate you.
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VR Roller Coaster is a breathtaking 360 VR simulation of a crazyamusement ride. Compatible with any VR headset (like GoogleCardboard), this game sets another level of thrill and excitementin virtual reality. Roller Coaster — virtual reality game. VRRoller Coaster simulates one of the world's most popular andthrilling rides. We step up the thrill of a traditional rollercoaster by taking it to the extreme in virtual reality. Buckle upas ahead of us we've got looney drops, lightning-fast speed andcraziest track twists one could ever imagine! 360 VR emulator — 360degree freedom. Enjoy the ultra-realistic 360 3D VR world withdetailed graphics and carefully crafted sound merged together forthe most immersive atmosphere. Take a look around while you'regoing round the craziest parts of the track for most impressions!Put on your VR-headset and experience an incredibly emotionaladventure in virtual reality. Compatible with Virtual Reality (VR)glasses Application requires a virtual reality headset (GoogleCardboard-like): FIBRUM VR, ANTVR, Carl Zeiss VR One GX,ColorCross, Cynoculars, Durovis Dive, Fove 0, FreeFly, Homidocenter (V2), Merge VR, Nibiru, Puyo Box, Refugio 3D, Stooksy,Tepoinn 3D, VR KiX, VR Smartview, VR View-Master DLX, VRTRIA, VRTXOne, Xiaomi VR 3D Glasses. In addition to the above models, it ispossible to use the virtual reality headset and 3D / VR glasses ofother samples and manufacturers. VR games free trial The appimplements a freemium system. During the whole trial period, youcan play absolutely free! If you like the app, register a promotioncode or purchase the app to use the application to the fullest andget unlimited access to it. To do this, just go through a quickregistration in Fibrum Platform. Fibrum Platform VR Do you want toknow more about Fibrum VR applications? Install and try our mostpopular 3D virtual reality games (VRgames). Select one of the manyvirtual worlds: space shooters, westerns, crazy three-dimensionalraces, breathtaking rides, colorful and hilarious adventures aswell as horrors of zombie apocalypse. We have a 360 VR experiencefor every taste!


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Door bottom, left 356 - 356C
Door bottom, left 356 - 356C
Part #: PP110L
Porsche #: OE64450102500 | OE.644.501.025.00
Excl. tax 21%
Please note: While all parts have been produced as originals, they may not fit your car 100%. Some cars may be as old as 55 years, and due to the variability of the build, rust or prior accident damage they may need some adjustment to fit.
Over 1000 items in stock!
Next day delivery? No problem!
Call 0031-50-5490085 to order
Restoration Design Door bottom, left 356 - 356C
Door bottom, left 356 - 356C
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