text:
Chapter 4
The Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Alcohol
and Drug Abuse
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Alcohol
- Ethyl alcohol is almost exclusively ingested in the form of a potable beverage
- The Metabolization of Alcohol
- As alcohol is ingested the body metabolizes and eliminates it, primarily through oxidation
- The major organ that metabolizes larger amounts of alcohol is the liver
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Alcohol
- The average adult can oxidize from 10 to 15 grams of alcohol per hour
- Experienced drinkers may show some resistance to the effects of alcohol,
- A phenomenon known as tolerance
- Intoxication
- Alcohol affects the brain in several ways
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Alcohol
- Intoxication and alcoholism are two completely different concepts
- Withdrawal
- The earliest and most common effects of alcohol withdrawal are:
- Anxiety, anorexia, insomnia, and tremor
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Alcohol
- Some people going through withdrawal will experience alcoholic hallucinosis
- Grand mal convulsive seizures
- The Digestive System
- Boerhaave's syndrome
- Erosive gastritis
- Fatty liver
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Alcohol
- The Cardiovascular System
- The Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
- The Neurologic System
- Common Neurologic Disorders
- Alcohol and Other Disorders
- Alcohol is a common cause of malnutrition
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Cannabis
- Reddening of the eyes, slight tachycardia, and a dryness of the mouth
- No conclusive evidence supports damage to other organs related to marijuana usage
- Generally produces a state of euphoria
- Evidence has accumulated supporting some legitimate medical uses for cannabis
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Stimulants
- Cocaine
- Overdoses
- Cocaine's behavioral effects do not differ much from those produced by amphetamines
- Continued cocaine use generally produces sexual dysfunction
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Stimulants
- Risks associated with any type of intravenous drug use
- Amphetamines and Methamphetamines
- Amphetamines are one of the most preferred drugs of so-called normal Americans—
- Students cramming for exams, truck drivers working 24-hour days, and athletes
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Stimulants
- Amphetamines are usually taken orally by new users in dosages of 50 to 150 milligrams
- After "crashing," the user may experience depression, apathy, a variety of aches, etc.
- The repeated use of amphetamines leads to addiction, tolerance, and increasing doses
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Stimulants
- Methamphetamine comes in forms that can be smoked, snorted, taken orally, or injected
- Ice produces feelings of euphoria followed by depression
- Designer, party drug
- Methylphenidate
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Sedatives
- Barbiturate intoxication
- Withdrawal from barbiturates can be especially dangerous
- Publicity about Rohyphol and its role in date rape
- Increase in the use & abuse of prescription drugs designed to treat sleep disorders
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Narcotics
- True narcotic drugs depress the activity of the brain and the central nervous system
- Opiates
- Opium is generally smoked
- The Digestive System
- The Endocrine System
- Integument
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Narcotics
- The Genitourinary System
- Other Problems
- Overdose
- Tolerance
- Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
- OxyContin
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Hallucinogens
- Creates a alteration of normal perceptions & induces abnormal perceptions
- Do not cause the physical dependence of alcohol or opiates
- Do not have the psychological compulsion of drugs such as cocaine
- Commonly used hallucinogens
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Hallucinogens
- LSD or acid is one of the most commonly used hallucinogens
- A "trip" on LSD may last 5-12 hours
- One of the most common hazards of LSD use is the distortion of visual perception
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Inhalants
- Commonly abused inhalants are solvents, aerosols, gases, and volatile nitrates
- Some easily obtained solvents used by children are paint thinners and removers
- Dry-cleaning fluids, degreasers, gasoline, glues, correction fluids, and markers
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Inhalants
- Nitrites are more likely to be used by adults
- The Effects of Steroids
- They are not used in order to achieve a euphoric rush
- May be one of the most dangerous drugs to abuse
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Drugs on Offspring
- Most pregnant women do not abuse illicit drugs
- Alcohol
- Opiates
- Tobacco
- Amphetamines and Cocaine
- Other Drugs
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
- Effects of drugs on users as well as the offspring of users
- Individuals vary markedly in their reactions to specific doses of particular drugs
- Research in this field is clouded by the phenomenon of polydrug use
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prepared by Kevin Cannon of Southern Illinois University – Edwardsville
Chapter 4
- Substances in this category stimulate the CNS. In moderation they enhance mood, increase alertness, and relieve fatigue.
- Smoking, snorting, or injecting stimulants produces a sudden sensation known as a "rush" or a "flash".
- The high from snorting is relatively slow but can last 15 to 30 minutes; effects from smoking are more immediate but may last only 5 to 10 minutes.
- Coca is a flowering bush that stands 3-6 feet high and yields at most 4 ounces of waxy leaves that are about 1% cocaine by weight.
- Conversion into cocaine hydrochloride- 95% pure power cocaine- is time consuming and labor intensive.
- In the United States cocaine hydrochloride is "cut" for street sale by adding sugars.
- After cutting, cocaine typically has a consumer sale purity of less than 20%.
Possible Effects
- Increased alertness
- Excitation
- Euphoria
- Increased pulse rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Insomnia
- Loss of weight
Effects of Overdose
- Agitation
- Increased body temp
- Hallucinations
- Convulsions
- Possible death
- Cocaine short-circuits reward pathways of the brain, and in laboratory animals cocaine has usurped other rewards, such as food and sex.
- In laboratory tests, monkeys pressed a bar as many as 12,800 times for an infusion of 0.5 milligrams of cocaine.
- Cocaine cooked in a mixture of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water becomes hard when heat-dried and is called "crack".
- The term crack refers to the crackling sound heard when the mixture is smoked (heated), presumably from the sodium bicarbonate.
- Became popular during the 1980s, relatively cheap and sold on the streets as a "rock".
- Crack is typically smoked in a glass pipe about five inches long and a quarter inch in diameter with a metal screen at the top to hold a small clump of the substance.
- Because crack is inhaled directly into the lungs, bypassing much of the circulatory system en route to the brain, it takes about five seconds to take effect (even faster than intravenous ingestion).
- Although it can take months or even years for a nasal cocaine user to progress from recreational to compulsive use, this can happen within days to weeks with crack.
- Reports about the power of crack to produce dependence have subsided in recent years.
- "I just found out that my daughter is smoking crack. I knew something was up, but never imagined it was this. She has been living in complete filth, and neglecting my grandson. I keep him for weeks at a time, when suddenly she will call, using him as a way of manipulating me. If I don't give her money, she won't let me see him. I have picked him up at her so-called friends houses; where he is being watched by strange men, that I know are drug dealers. I don't know how to even go about getting custody of the baby. I love my daughter, but realize no matter what, I can't help her 'til she can admit she has a problem."
- What would you do in this situation?
- Knowing that crack and cocaine do not have strong physical addictive properties, why does it seem like the withdrawal symptoms are so much worse than opiates?
- Chronic users often find themselves caught in a futile, obsessive chase to recapture the original cocaine 'high,' but as dosage and frequency increase, so does the user's tolerance to the euphoric effects.
- After frequent and high doses of cocaine the failure to continue ingestion produces a withdrawal syndrome characterized by psychological depression, irritability, extreme fatigues, and prolonged periods of restless sleep.
- This syndrome is not necessarily physiological.
- Despite the lack of signs of physical dependence, animals that are given free access to cocaine will continue to self-administer the drug until death, something they will not do for opiates.
- Cocaine is probably the best example of a drug to which neither tolerance nor physical dependence develops, but to which psychic dependence develops that can lead to addiction.
- Among the commonly used psychoactive drugs, the amphetamines have one of he most formidable potentials for psychological, physical, and social harm.
- Are synthetic or "man-made" drugs.
- The high from amphetamine lasts hours, rather than the fraction of an hour for cocaine.
- Some abusers will crush the substance, dissolve it in water, and ingest it intravenously.
- Methyl-amphetamines have the greatest potential for abuse: fast acting and produce a "rush"
- Methamphetamine is a white, odorless powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol.
- Methamphetamine is known on the street as "speed", "crank", "crystal meth" or "poor man's cocaine".
- With $500 worth of chemicals, laboratory glassware, and a rudimentary knowledge of chemistry, an outlaw chemist can easily produce a pound of methamphetamine worth $20,000 to $30,000.
Possible Effects
- Increased alertness
- Excitation
- Euphoria
- Increased pulse rate
- Increased blood pressure
- Insomnia
- Loss of appetite
Effects of Overdose
- Agitation
- Increased body temp
- Hallucinations
- Convulsions
- Possible death
- Tolerance and withdrawal:
- Tolerance does not develop to all effects at the same rate
- May be increased sensitivity to some of them
- Each high is not as intense as the last one
- Most common symptoms of withdrawal- fatigue, irritability, intense hunger, depression, fits of violence possibly
- Medical uses:
- At one time widely used to treat obesity
- Treating narcolepsy (sleeping disorder)
- Certain types of hyperactivity
- Has military uses to prolong alertness
- Dangers:
- Can cause increased breathing and heart rates
- Because of appetite suppression chronic users don't eat properly
- Teeth can rot- "meth mouth"
- Stimulants in this category are synthetic derivatives of cathinone, a CNS stimulant found naturally in the khat plant that is popular in Arab and East African countries.
- So-called "bath salts" are often labeled "not for human consumption" and sold under the guise of bath salts or plant food or disguised as jewelry cleaner or decorative sand.
- The drug is typically snorted in powder form or ingested in pill form, but it can also be smoked or injected intravenously.
- One of more than 4000 chemicals found in the smoke of tobacco.
- About 1% of the weigh of a tobacco leaf is nicotine.
- Nicotine is absorbed through the skin and mucosal lining of the mouth and nose by inhalation into the lungs.
- After each inhalation from a cigarette, within ten seconds the brain is swamped by a new drug "spike"- can also exert a sedative effect.
- Immediately after exposure to nicotine, there is a "kick" that is caused in part by the drug's stimulation of the adrenal glands and resulting discharge of adrenaline.
- The characteristics of smoking cigarettes indicate that nicotine might be a "gateway drug" leading to addiction to other drugs of abuse.
- As with other psychoactive substances, research has revealed that the use of nicotine might be a form of self-medication.
- "E-cigarettes": resembles a normal cigarette, use a battery-powered device to deliver a smokeless and odorless dose of nicotine.
Tolerance and withdrawal:
- Repeated exposure results in development of tolerance
- Higher doses needed to produce the same initial stimulation
- Most common symptoms of withdrawal- slowing of brain activity, restless sleep, decreased heart rate, anxiety, anger, cognitive and attentional deficits and increased hunger
- About 440,000 people die annually from the deadly effects of tobacco smoke- accounts for 1/3 of all cancers, 90% of all lung cancer
- Nicotine is a vascoconstrictor—constricts blood vessels—that causes the heart to work harder maintain a sufficient level of oxygen
- Smoking by pregnant women causes an estimated 5,600 infant deaths annually
- Herbal substances are used by young people as a "safe" alternative to illegal drugs.
- Ephedra products are promoted as health and exercise supplements and have been linked to athlete deaths.
- Because it is classified as a dietary supplement, not a drug, ephedra is not subject to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation, although some states have passed restrictions.
- Caffeine—found in tea, coffee, many cola drinks, cocoa products, and pain relievers—is the most widely used psychoactive drug.
- About 90 percent of the adult North American population ingests caffeine regularly.
- Ingestion of caffeine results is an elevation of mood, a decrease in fatigue, and, in high doses, insomnia and a racing heart.
- Abrupt withdrawal of caffeine can result in headaches, lethargy, and depression-like symptoms.
Prepared by Kevin Cannon of Southern Illinois University – Edwardsville
Chapter 2
- Policy decisions have frequently been based on perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes with little empirical foundation.
- They have often reflected popular prejudices against a variety of racial and ethnic groups
- The Irish and Alcohol
- The Chinese and Opium
- African-Americans and Cocaine
- Mexicans and Marijuana
- Drinking alcohol for recreational purposes dates back over 5,000 years.
- The citizens of the United States have traditionally consumed large quantities of alcohol.
- The first temperance society started in 1808.
- Opposition to alcohol was often intertwined with nativism, and efforts against alcohol and other psychoactive drugs were often a thinly veiled reaction to minority groups.
- Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution passed in 1919, making prohibition national law.
- In 1920, Congress passed the National Prohibition Act (also called the Volstead Act)
- Strengthened the language of the amendment
- Defined as intoxicating all beverages with more than 0.5% alcohol
- Provided for federal law enforcement
- The U.S. Treasury Department created the "Prohibition Bureau".
- The Prohibition Bureau had a reputation for being inept and corrupt, and agents were viewed as being a public menace.
- By 1930, 86 federal agents and 200 civilians had been killed, many of them innocent women and children, in an effort to enforce prohibition laws.
- The murder rate in the U.S. went from 6.8 in 1920, to 9.7 in 1933, the year prohibition was repealed.
- The "Great Experiment" of prohibition provided an opportunity for organized crime, especially violent forms, to blossom into an important force.
- Prohibition was the first time alcohol has been criminalized in the U.S. The driving movement behind criminalization of alcohol were Protestant women.
- Just as with all "war on drugs" we have had in our past, there was a demonization of those believed to be the predominant users of alcohol, namely Irish Catholic males.
- Do you think we could have a similar prohibition on alcohol today?
- Do you think there are any currently legal substances that could become criminalized in the next 20 years?
- Opium is the gum from the partially ripe seedpod of the opium poppy.
- A depressant and used as a pain reliever.
- By 1500 B.C. the Egyptians discovered medical uses.
- Two centuries ago, opium was generally available as a cure for everything. It was like aspirin; every household had some, usually in the form of laudanum.
- At the end of the 18th Century a German pharmacist poured liquid ammonia over opium and a white powder alkaloid was created.
- Substance was named "morphium" after Morpheus, the Greek god of sleep and dreams.
- Scientific journals in early 1800s popularized the new drug, resulting in widespread use by doctors- viewed it as opium without the negative side effects (wrongly).
- By the 1850s, morphine tablets and other products were readily available without prescription.
- In 1856, the hypodermic method of injecting directly into blood stream was introduced to U.S. medicine.
- Popularity rose in the Civil War as the medicine was used for pain relief and surgery.
- In 1874, a British chemist experimenting with morphine synthesized diacetyl-morphine, better known by the marketed name "heroin".
- Chinese laborers were originally brought into the U.S. after 1848 to work in gold fields.
- They brought with them the habit of smoking opium.
- Beginning in 1875, there was an economic depression in California.
- Depressed economic conditions and xenophobia led one Western state after another to enact anti-Chinese legislation that often included prohibiting the smoking of opium.
- Provided that any person in the business of dealing drugs, including the opium derivatives morphine and heroin, was to register annually and pay an annual tax of $1.
- Illegal to sell or give away opium or its derivatives without a written order issued by the Commissioner of Revenue.
- Within first year 200,000 medical professionals had registered.
- The Internal Revenue Service was placed in charge of upholding the Harrison Act.
- Represented a new legal approach to federal drug policy: authority over interstate commerce
- Also- more federal law enforcement presence in local communities
- Led to the creation of the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) within the Department of Justice in 1973
- Three broad sources of heroin today:
Local suburban youngsters who seek out heroin connections for personal use in inner-city locations, then begin to sell additional quantities back home.
Low-level urban dealers who recognize suburban locations as both lucrative and less competitive.
Mexican drug cartels that dispatch small cells to take advantage of fertile suburban markets.
- A stimulant found in significant quantities only in the leaves of two species of coca shrub in certain sections of South America.
- Became popular in Europe in the 19th century as the leaf was chewed; provided stamina and energy.
- After the turn of the 20th century cocaine became associated with the urban underworld and African-Americans in the South.
- In 1922 Congress identified cocaine as a narcotic, prohibiting importation.
- Popularity waned until the 1970s and 1980s.
- As the 1980s approached, the general public had less tolerance for drug use and abuse.
- New form of cocaine became popular: "crack"
- Users and sellers were younger than those involved with heroin.
- Crack set off a frenzy of public alarm: a "drug scare" that has 4 common elements:
- Scope of the problem is never as great as originally portrayed in the media
- Compulsive use and addiction are not inevitable with the drug
- The violent behavior associated with the drug is not as common as initially believed
- The popularity of the drug wanes over time
- The plant has been cultivated for at least 5000 years for a variety of purposes- including the manufacturing of rope and paint.
- Its use as an intoxicant was brought to Africa by Arab traders in the 1600s.
- In the early 1900s, state laws against marijuana were often part of a reaction to Mexican immigrants.
- Before 1930 sixteen states with relatively large Mexican populations had enacted anti-marijuana legislation.
- Congress passed the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 to counter the fact that the drug was not illegal according to Federal law.
- Popularity resurfaced in the 1960s and usage was not constrained to socio-economic demographics.
- In 1932 was marketed as an inhalant for use as a nasal decongestant under the trade name Benzedrine.
- By 1946 there were 39 generally accepted medical uses for amphetamines, including schizophrenia.
- During World War II the drug was issued to British, German and Japanese soldiers to elevate mood and counteract fatigue.
- Widely prescribed in the 1950s and 1960s as a diet aid; in the 1960s the Food and Drug Administration launched a widespread anti-amphetamine campaign entitled "Speed Kills"- federal law passed in 1971 restricting prescriptions.
- During 1980s smokable amphetamines surfaced:
- "Ice" and "Crystal Meth"
- Sedating drugs synthesized from barbituric acid in Germany in 1863.
- Used to induce sleep, widely prescribed in the U.S. during the 1930s
- By the 1950s barbiturates were widely abused among adults, and then a younger population in the 1960s.
- Became popular during the 1960s, particularly among rebellious college students and people who identified themselves as antiestablishment.
- Timothy Leary, a Harvard psychology professor, popularized the use of LSD.
- Leary encouraged people to "turn on, tune in, and drop out".
- LSD was made illegal in the U.S. in 1965.
- Political attention towards drug abuse turned to increased punishments in the 1990s.
- Overcrowding in state and federal prisons has led to more administrative remedies such as diversion, drug treatment and drug courts in the 2000s.
- The 21st century has experienced a sharp rise in the use of methamphetamine in rural parts of the United States, while crack cocaine usage has dropped dramatically.
- Concern over the nonmedical use of prescription medicine has led to the government focusing on that problem in the 21st century.
Prepared by Kevin Cannon of Southern Illinois University – Edwardsville
Chapter 6
Hallucinogens are drugs that changes a person's state of awareness by modifying sensory inputs, loosening cognitive and creative restraints, and providing access to material normally hidden in memory or material of an unconscious nature
- Distortions of perception can include:
- Depersonalization (out of body experiences)
- Synthesia ("seeing" sound or "hearing" images)
- Hallucinations (perceiving sounds, odors, visual images)
The sensory illusions produced by hallucinogens are often accompanied by mood alterations that are usually euphoric but sometimes severely depressive
- First synthesized in 1938; the first "trip' was recorded by it's inventor, Dr. Albert Hoffman, in 1943.
- In 1949, LSD was introduced into the United States as an experimental drug for treating psychiatric illnesses.
- Commonly referred to as "acid," LSD is sold on the street in tablet, capsules and, occasionally, liquid form.
Possible Effects
- Illusions
- Hallucinations
- Altered perception of time and distances
Effects of Overdose
- Psychosis
- Longer, more intense "trip" episodes
- Possible death resulting from panic reactions, hallucinations, delusions and paranoia
Tolerance and Withdrawal
Tolerance develops rapidly; repeated doses become completely ineffective after a few days of continuous use
Cross tolerance to other hallucinogens
No withdrawal symptoms
mydriasis (prolonged dilation of the pupil of the eye)
raised body temperature, rapid heartbeat, elevated blood pressure
increased blood sugar, salivation
tingling in fingers and toes
weakness, tremors, palpitations, facial flushing, blurred vision
chills, gooseflesh, profuse perspiration, nausea, dizziness
inappropriate speech, intense anxiety
- In 1959, KEN Kesey, a graduate student in creative writing at Stanford University, volunteered to take part in a government drug research program at Menlo Park Veterans Hospital that tested a variety of psychoactive drugs such as LSD, which was legal at the time, psilocybin, mescaline, and amphetamine IT-290.
- Over a period of several weeks, Kesey ingested these hallucinogens and wrote of his drug-induced experiences for government researchers.
- From this experience, Kesey wrote his most celebrated novel, One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, and began his own experimentations with psychedelic drugs.
- His goal was to break through conformist thought and ultimately forge a reconfiguration of American society.
- Ken Kesey's use of LSD and other drugs was perfectly legal at the time. It wasn't until he started to receive media attention, and society disapproval, that LSD became illegal. Should society get to criminalize a substance just because the majority disapprove of its' use?
- Initially developed as a general anesthetic for surgery.
- PCP is a white crystalline powder that has a distinctive bitter chemical taste.
- Although it can be snorted or eaten, PCP is most commonly applied to a leafy material such as mint, parsley, oregano, or marijuana ("killer joints" or "crystal supergrass") and smoked.
- Within 30 to 60 minutes of ingesting a moderate amount of PCP, the user experiences a sense of detachment, distance, and estrangement from his or her surroundings.
- Numbness, slurred speech, and a loss of coordination also occur.
- These symptoms, which last up to 5 hours, are often accompanied by feelings of invulnerability.
- A blank stare, rapid and involuntary eye movements, and an exaggerated gait are among the more common observable effects.
Possible Effects
- Illusions
- Hallucinations
- Altered perceptions of time and distance
Effects of Overdose
- Psychosis
- Longer, more intense "trip" episodes
- Possible, seizures, coma, and death
- Tolerance and withdrawal
- Does not result in any significant tolerance or withdrawal symptoms.
- Dangers
- PCP-intoxicated individuals can present severe management problems to treatment staff and law enforcement personnel because the drug activates stress hormones that allow users to demonstrate remarkable strength.
- Can result in mood disorders, acute anxiety, paranoia, and violent behavior.
- Some reactions are similar to those in LSD intoxication: auditory hallucinations and image distortion similar to fun house mirror images.
- Bakersfield, California — Angelo Vidal Mendoza, a 34-year-old Bakersfield, CA man, was arrested after allegedly eating son's eyeball and mutilating the other. He then began chopping his own legs off with an ax.
- "Daddy ate my eyes." That's what 4-year-old Angelo Mendoza Jr. told police after they found him with one eye completely missing and another eye mutilated beyond repair.
- According to Bakersfield Police, Angelo Vidal Mendoza was on PCP when he attacked his son on April 28. He then reportedly rolled his wheelchair outside the home, chained himself to a tree and began hacking at his own legs with an ax.
- Why would someone possibly use a drug that could cause them to engage in such vile acts?
(The Weekly Vice) http://www.theweeklyvice.com/2009/05/man-high-on-pcp-eats-sons-eyeballs.html
- Mescaline is the primary hallucinogenic ingredient of the peyote cactus.
- Indians in Northern Mexico have used mescaline as part of their religious rites since prehistoric times.
- Psilocybe mushrooms have also been used for centuries in Native American religious ceremonies.
- Its' active ingredients – psiocybin and psilocyn – are chemically similar to LSD and can be produced synthetically.
- Ecstasy is the common name for MDMA, as synthetic drug that has stimulant and hallucinogenic properties.
- Developed in Germany in 1914.
- Has proven to be popular among white professionals and individuals who consider themselves part of the New Age spiritual movement.
- The effects of MDMA usually become apparent 20 to 60 minutes after ingestion.
- MDMA can produce stimulant effects such as an enhanced sense of pleasure and self-confidence and increased energy.
- MDMA's psychedelic effects include feelings of peacefulness, acceptance and empathy.
- Users claim that they experience feelings of closeness with others and a desire to touch them.
- Tolerance and Withdrawal
- Although tolerance to Ecstasy develops, withdrawal symptoms, if any, are not known.
- Dangers
- Large increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial oxygen consumption
- Additional adverse effects include: muscle tension, involuntary teeth clenching, nausea, blurred vision, feeling faint, tremors, rapid eye movement, and sweating or chills
- Ketamine, known as "Special K" or "K", is a dissociative anesthetic similar to PCP but produces less confusion, irrationality, and violence.
- One of the most dangerous effects of ketamine is the helpless and/or confused state they user may be put into after use of the drug.
- Plant that grows wild throughout most of the tropical regions of the world.
- The psychoactive part of the plant is an isomer of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
- The THC level of marijuana cigarettes varies considerably.
Possible Effects
- Relaxed inhibitions
- Increased appetite
- Euphoria
- Disorientation
Effects of Overdose
- Fatigue
- Paranoia
- Possible psychosis
- Tolerance and withdrawal
- THC appears to act as a dopamine agonist while also having an opiate like effect on the brain's receptor system
- The psychoactive reaction occurs in one to ten minutes and peaks in about ten to thirty minutes, with a total duration of about three to four hours
- No known physical dependence, but moderate psychological dependence
- Medical uses
- to relieve the pressure on the eyes of glaucoma patients
- to control the nausea and vomiting that accompany cancer chemotherapy
- to control the muscle spasms of multiple sclerosis patients.
- Dangers
- High doses impair learning, short-term memory, and reaction time
- Casual use of marijuana results in the same impairments that one would expect from equal amounts of alcohol
- The intentional inhalation of vapors from commercial products or specific chemical agents to achieve intoxication.
- Abusers may inhale vapors directly from container, from a bag into which a substance has been placed, or from a rag soaked with a substance and then placed over the mouth or nose.
- Include a variety of readily available products that are often kept in the home, such as glue, shoe polish, spray paints, gasoline or lighter fluid.
- Four classes of inhalants
- Volatile Solvents
glue, paint thinner, nail polish remover, gasoline
- Aerosols
hair spray, spray paint, deodorants)
- Anesthetics
- ether, nitrous oxide found in whipped cream cans
- Volatile nitrates
- amyl nitrate and butyl nitrate
Toluene (methyl benzene), a common ingredient of most solvents, has the greatest abuse potential.
- Tolerance and withdrawal
- Regular users can become dependent on volatile substances.
- Rare for withdrawal symptoms to occur when a person stops using.
- Very heavy users may experience headaches, muscular cramps, and abdominal pain.
- Medical uses
- None
- Dangers
- Long-term use of aerosols and cleaning fluids can damage the kidneys, liver, and brain, though this is rare.
- High dosage can result in vomiting, paralysis, and coma.
According to various surveys, more than seven million Americans use psychoactive prescription drugs for nonmedical purposes annually.
Three classes of prescription drugs most commonly abused:
- Opiods
- Darvon, OxyCotin, Percodan, Methadone
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Valium, Seconal, Xanax
- Stimulants
- Adderall, Ritalin, Dexedrine
(The Weekly Vice) http://www.theweeklyvice.com/2009/05/man-high-on-pcp-eats-sons-eyeballs.html


text: Watching an old Tim Allen "Home Improvement" just now and it was about Tim's first car - an early 'vert. He didn't get to the junkyard in time and we got to see them crush the early 'vert.. Then his wife found him a replacement - a dark blue '66 convertible... nice!! Jim Houston '65 Corsa

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ram Golf Player Mens Waterproof Golf Shoes - Black / Red
The Player golf shoes from Ram Golf are an incredible value pair that combine style and quality without breaking the bank.
Plus, they are waterproof and backed with a 12 month warranty.
- 12 month waterproof guarantee
- Outsole material: Rubber
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- Shoe width: Regular
|Product Code
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Band 6 Community Nurse
Service Care Solutions have a new vacancy for a Band 6 Community Nurse to work within the NHS in Thatcham, Berkshire.
The role is full time or part time, with flexibility around the working hours and start time.
You will need to be NMC registered and a full, current nursing qualification.
You should also have previous experience of working within a community setting before.
For further details please respond to this advertisement with your CV.
The benefits of Service Care Health:
* Daily payroll runs ensuring weekly pay
* Ltd & PAYE payment options available
* £250 training allowance
* Competitive pay rates
* Exceptional referral bonuses
* Specialists consultants offering a single point of contact
* National provider of Healthcare staff to over 40 different NHS trusts and over 200 local authorities
* DBS disclosures provided via fast track online services free of charge
* Professional compliance solutions available
* Uniforms provide
- Rate: £24 - £30 per hour
- Location: Newbury, England
- Type: Contract
- Industry: Medical
- Recruiter: Service Care Solutions Ltd
- Tel: 01772 555530
- Fax: 01772 471473
- Email: to view click here
- Posted: 2020-01-17 16:27:47 -
- View all Jobs from Service Care Solutions Ltd
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Barlborough Village Hall
To make a booking or enquire about hiring this venue please use the contact details below - Please mention Venues for Hire
07866 760400
Bookings Administrator
Use contact form above
Barlborough Village Hall description
Village Hall / Business Meeting Rooms / Hotel/Conference Centre / Party Venue
Large (1-300)
It was built with the collaboration of Barlborough Parish Council, Bolsover District Council, Derbyshire County Council and Waystones (the developers of the new estate). Barlborough Village Hall quickly established itself as one of the focal points of the village providing opportunities for people to attend classes, meetings and other forms of recreational and leisure activities. Barlborough Village Hall has disabled access, contains a meeting room, suitable for 30 people, a main hall that holds up to 220 people and an adjoining kitchen. The meeting room and main hall are available separately and both come with use of the kitchen.
It is an ideal location for engagements, weddings and christenings and is proving an increasingly popular venue for children's parties. Rooms are available for hire by individuals, local groups, businesses or education providers.
In addition we have room hire available in Barlborough Little School. This is a smaller, more intimate venue, which can accommodate up to 65 people.
Venue suitability
This venue is suitable for the following uses:
Venue facilities
Yes - Medium - basic food preparation
22 rectangle tables
107 chairs
Other venue facilities
We don't currently hold any detailed information about the rooms at this venue.
If this is your venue or hall please use the Adopt link on the right to add more detailed information about this venue.
If you wish to hire this venue or hall please use the contact details on the overview tab.
Please encourage every venue to take a few minutes to 'adopt' their listing and add unique content and photos.


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Things to do in Belgrade
Top recommendations from locals
From sightseeing to hidden gems, find out what makes the city unique with the help of the locals who know it best.
Bed & Breakfast
"Old Bohemian street in Belgrade, live Serbian traditional music, great food and drinks, often overflown with tourists but interesting to see if first time in Belgrade "
- 218 locals recommend
"Restaurant Kalemegdan Terrace is located in the most beautiful part of Belgrade, on Kalemegdan, fully integrated into the ambience of the fort.A prestigious restaurant with a terrace and fantastic views of the mouth of the Sava River into the Danube, War Island and Zoo. Close to Ruzice Church and St. Petka."
- 128 locals recommend
General Entertainment
"In 1868, when the National Theater in Belgrade was founded, Serbia barely had over a million and two hundred thousand inhabitants. The entire Serbian education had 423 male and 54 female "teachers" of female elementary schools. Belgrade has just passed a figure of 25,000 residents living in 3,444 homes. There were 68 residents, one teacher 262, one doctor 442, and one lawyer 1481 inhabitants. Sixties of the 19th century Belgrade is one big village halfway from Ottoman to European civilization. It is home to traders, craftsmen, clerks, soldiers, peasants, wardens and homeless people. "
- 51 locals recommend
"The National Museum in Belgrade is a complex type museum dedicated to the protection, interpretation and promotion of the layered, multicultural heritage of the Central Balkans and Europe - culture from prehistory to the present - through archeological, numismatic and artistic material.The museum's new permanent exhibit spans a huge chronological range from the far Paleolithic to 20th century art. Organized on three levels of a representative building, the exhibition is spread over 5000m² of exhibition space."
- 64 locals recommend
Pedestrian Plaza
"Most popular pedestrian street, a lot of people, bars, shopping places and more."
- 48 locals recommend
"Belgrad is a fantastic party-town. In Savamala you will find cosy bars where you can discover Racija or exclusive cocktails. This is for you if you want to spend time bar-hoping or dancing. You will also find a lot of good restaurants. "
- 78 locals recommend
"You can go here for a walk or a jog. There are many museums (e.g. military is one of my favorites) that you can visit. In the night, you can admire a beautiful sun set over the confluence of Danube and Sava rivers. "
- 55 locals recommend
Shopping Centre
"With the opening of the shopping mall Rajiceva, the main pedestrian zone, Knez Mihailova Street became an authentic cosmopolitan location of the best shopping. Between buildings of great historical significance, which preserve the spirit of old Belgrade and memories of rich history, there is an imposing trade complex of a very modern look and rich offer. In addition to famous domestic and foreign brands, the new zone of the best shopping in Belgrade will premiere the brands that are appearing on the Serbian market for the first time. Restaurants of the highest quality that follow world trends make the gastronomic offer of a shopping center. A large supermarket and other shops."
- 18 locals recommend
"Historical place.Beautiful park, one the two rivers, Sava and Danube.You can jog, walk, play tenis, enjoy.. "
- 42 locals recommend
"From the beginig of this street to her end it is packed with restourants,caffees, pubs, etc."
- 58 locals recommend
"If your Belgrade friends ask you to meet them in the city centre, more precisely at "the Horse", then what they mean by that is just that – look for the Horse. But there is a surprise for you there, because there is no stable or stall in the city centre whatsoever. It is just the conspicuous statue of Prince Mihailo Obrenovic riding on horseback. This square is officially called Republic Square and it represents the very heart of the city and also a historical spot where for example many protests and riots have happened among other things."
- 39 locals recommend
"It is the one of the most famous churches in Belgrade and a place where Emperor Dusan Nemanjic (Dusan the Great) was burried. Great and beautiful, located in Tasmajdan park. "
- 31 locals recommend
Botanical Garden
"Great place to enjoy and relax during a sunny day. Many sorts of herbs, trees and flowers on one place :)"
- 52 locals recommend
"Great place for relax in the heart of the city and beautiful Church of Saint Marc"
- 43 locals recommend
"Built in 1920's, before becoming the Parliament of Serbia, it was the Parliament of Yugoslavia. It was the place of democratic uprising in October 2000, when some of it parts were burnt in flames. It's old shine has since been restored."
- 44 locals recommend
"Famous walking street, spreading from Square of Republic to Kalemegdan Park."
- 75 locals recommend
Top-rated experiences
Top restaurants
"Restaurant Kalemegdan Terrace is located in the most beautiful part of Belgrade, on Kalemegdan, fully integrated into the ambience of the fort.A prestigious restaurant with a terrace and fantastic views of the mouth of the Sava River into the Danube, War Island and Zoo. Close to Ruzice Church and St. Petka."
- 128 locals recommend
Mexican Restaurant
"Overlooking the Sava river this upmarket restaurant serves South American specialities. "
- 30 locals recommend
"One of the oldest restaurant in Belgrade with typical Serbian food and nice atmosphere. Afternoon and in the night you can enjoy old Serbian live acoustic music."
- 25 locals recommend
Eastern European Restaurant
"Madera is popular traditional restaurant located in the metropolitan area with a long history. Have a great outdoor patio. "
- 32 locals recommend
"Walter is a chain restaurant that provides amazing Serbian BBQ. This is another place where locals go for food. It is not in any way considered expensive, fine dining, but locals love it for the nice warm atmosphere and great food. My recommendation is to try the ćevapi (Serbian sausage like food), or pljeskavica (burger) along with this get a šopska salad (salad with cheese) and some nice cold beer. They have nice deserts as well. Whatever you get you cannot go wrong at Walter's. "
- 30 locals recommend
"Great place for your morning coffee and very cool local hangout place. Pronounced "Smok-vee-tsah"."
- 32 locals recommend
"If you are tired of "good old" restaurants and would like a different feel to dining than this might do the trick. The food varies from classic Serbian, international and fusion dishes."
- 27 locals recommend
"Famouse Belgrade restourant with good choice of fodd and wine. woks all day from breakfast until late night dinner."
- 12 locals recommend


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Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide1: A Business-Oriented Overview of IP for Law and Management Students Geneva, May 29-31, 2007 Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Division World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)Slide2: TOPIC 2 The Role of Patents and Patent Information in Business Strategy Slide3: Factors Determining Success of a New/Improved Product The product provides functional advantages over competing or substitute products. The retail-selling price is considered to be advantageous The product and/or its packaging has an attractive design The new product is properly branded, promoted and advertised The new product is readily available to customers in the main retail shops Consistent product quality A number of after-sales services are providedSlide4: Different Ways of Protecting Inventions A variety of mechanisms are employed by firms to protect their inventions Secrecy Lead time Complementary capabilities (e.g., sales and service, manufacturing) Patents Slide5: Relative Effectiveness of Mechanisms For product innovations Top mechanisms overall: Secrecy and lead time Patents least effective overall Relatively effective in drugs and medical equipment. Less effective in semiconductors & communications equipment Larger firms report patents to be more effectiveSlide6: What is a Patent? A patent is a right to exclude all others from exploiting an invention, which is a a new, non-obvious and useful… Process (Treatment of cane; bamboo; finishing of a product; kiln) Machine (Looms; instruments) Manufacture (Belt; fastening mechanism) Composition of matter (Alloy) Improvements (radical/incremental) What is an invention? Technical solution to a technical problem (Functional versus Form/aesthetic)Slide7: What to Patent: Priorities What to patent potential commercial products of a company methods of making and using the products systems utilizing the company's products made by company's customers parts of your product made by vendors commercially important inventions blocking patents to block competitorsSlide8: Some Legal Considerations Patentabililty requirements: Must be new (Worldwide) Must have an inventive step/non-obvious Must be capable of industrial application Maximum duration of a patent: 20 years (renewal fees must be paid) Territorial right Used publicly, Published, Sold or Offered for Sale Patty Patent/Utility ModelSlide9: Prior Art All information available prior to the date of filing of the relevant patent application against which the patentability of the invention will be determined. Existing relevant technology Can be your own technology or of others Secret prior art Novelty/Nonobviousness First to File/First to Invent (USA)Slide10: Exclusive Patent Rights Right to exclude others from making, using, selling or importing the claimed invention. Virtually no rights in unclaimed subject matter Strategic claim drafting is important No automatic right to use patented inventionSlide11: Patents: Some Examples Patents that have changed the world: Patent number: US 223,898. Edison's electric bulb. Patents for simple low/tech products: The inventor licensed the system for opening Coca-Cola cans at 1/10 of a penny per can. During the period of validity of the patent the inventor obtained 148,000 UK pounds a day on royalties. Post-it notes: invented by chance, initially ignored by inventors but valued by the managerSlide12: ANATOMY OF A PATENTSlide13: ANATOMY OF A PATENT (cont'd)Slide14: THE PATENT APPLICATION SPECIFICATION CLAIMS INVENTORSHIPSlide15: SPECIFICATION A written description of the invention in clear and concise terms. The Specification must be enabling, that is, describe the invention in such a way as to permit one skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The Specification must disclose a mode/the best mode of making and using the invention. There can be no "material secrets" kept from a patent application. Should also include reasonable alternatives to the preferred embodiments in order to avoid any inference that the invention is limited to the preferred embodiments. Slide16: CLAIMS Must "particularly point out" and "distinctly claim" the subject matter of the invention. Independent claim: A claim which does not reference any other claim. Dependent claim: A claim which references an independent claim or another dependent claim. Adds subject matter (limitations) to the preceding claim(s).Slide17: Claim Scope Independent claims define patent scope Dependent claims are fallbacks prior art Slide18: INVENTORSHIP In the United States, the patent application must be filed in the name of the inventor(s). Inventorship is purely a legal question, and is determined by an examination of who contributed creatively to what is being claimed. Inventorship cannot be dictated by politics, funding, ego, or even goodwill. An inventor can be anyone, and must be everyone, who contributes creatively to the conception or reduction to practice of the invention. Multiple inventors are referred to as JOINT INVENTORS. Slide19: Reasons for Patenting Reasons (nonexclusive) Products Processes Prevent copying 96% 78% Patent blocking 82 64 Prevent suits 59 47 Use in negotiations 48 37 Enhance reputation 48 34 Licensing revenue 28 23 Measure performance 6 5Slide20: Limits on Patent Effectiveness: Why Firms do not Patent Most important reasons for not applying Demonstration of novelty (32%) Information disclosure (24%) Ease of inventing around (25%) Negative partial correlation between firm size and defense cost as reason not to patent suggests why larger firms report (product) patents to be more effective.Slide21: Distinguish Between "Complex" and "Discrete" Product Industries Complex product industries: Where a product protected by numerous (e.g., hundreds) patents (e.g., computers, communications equipment), that is, more patents read on a product. Discrete product industries: Where a product protected by relatively few patents (e.g., drugs, chemicals)Slide22: Distinction Implies Different Uses of Patents by Industry Type Complex product industries: Patents used to block rival use of complements to Assure inclusion or "player" status in cross-licensing negotiations in order to gain access to rivals' technologies Gain freedom to operate and design freedom via "mutually assured destruction" Discrete product industries: Patents used to block substitutes by creating patent "fences;" not to compel cross-licensing.Slide23: Defensive Patent Strategy Large portfolio of patents of various scope Protect products from copying Cause competitor to design around Reduce risk of patent infringement suit by competitors - mutually assured destruction Cross licensing - market entry Medium to large size companies High costSlide24: Offensive Patent Strategy Small portfolio of pioneering patents Market leadership & advantage Licensing Deal & merger leverage Small to medium size companies Reasonable cost Market monitoring Slide25: Strategies for Acquisition of Patents WHAT to patent? Patent on every invention or only on high value inventions Gillette Mach 3 (one product, 35 patents) Patent miningSlide26: Strategies for Acquisition of Patents WHEN to patent? Delay in filing a patent application may lead to losing the patent to a competitor Grace Period First-to-file/invent system Annual maintenance fees often increase with timeSlide27: Strategies for Acquisition of Patents WHERE to patent? Where will the product be commercialized? What are the costs involved in patenting abroad? What are the main markets for the product? Where are the main competitors based? Advantages of the PCT (provides more time)Slide28: Strategies for Acquisition of Patents WHO owns the patent? Company, entrepreneur or employee? What happens for subcontracted work? Slide29: Strategies for Patent Exploitation Case study of own exploitation of a patent Case: Mandy Haberman Invention of a non-spill drinking vessel Application for patents and industrial designs Registered mark: Anywayup® Difficulties in accessing the main retail stores and supermarkets Search for a partner Creation of a new company to commercialize the product Infringement and litigationSlide30: Strategies for Patent Exploitation Case study of a combined patent exploitation strategy: own exploitation and licensing Case: Pliva - Pfizer New antibiotic Patent application in Croatia and abroad Patent search by Pfizer leads to the discovery of the Pliva patent Pliva licenses Pfizer to produce the antibiotic in the US as well as in some other countries while Pliva maintains the exclusive right to commercialize it in Central and Eastern Europe Slide31: Strategies for Patent Exploitation Case study of a non-exclusive licensing strategy: Case: Bishop Engineering Enterprise specialized in power steering technology Over 300 patents since WWII Earns 1 Australian dollar per unit made Over 5 million dollars a year on royaltiesSlide32: PATENT INFORMATION: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COINSlide33: PATENT INFORMATION The other side of the Coin PATENT 1. "deed securing to a person an exclusive right granted for an invention" 2. "open, evident, manifest"; "open to public perusal" < Latin patens (Collins Dictionary) Slide34: Patent Information All patents are published (generally 18 months after the application is filed) and are in the public domain A patent is an exchange between the inventor and society It is a key element of the balance of the existing international patent system Slide35: Using Patent Information Did you know? The entire set of patent documents worldwide includes approximately 40 million items. Every year approximately 1 million patent applications are published. About two-thirds of the technical information revealed in patents is never published elsewhere. Slide36: Using Patent Information Did you know? Most of the inventions are disclosed to the public for the first time when the patent is being published. (e.g. jet engine invented by Wittle in 1936). The information contained in the patent documents is NOT SECRET!Slide37: Using Patent Information "Patent information" is the technical and legal information contained in patent documents that are published periodically by patent offices. A patent document includes the full description of how a patented invention works and the claims which determine the scope of protection as well as details on who patented the invention, when it was patented and reference to relevant literature. Slide38: Patent information Technological relevance Legal relevance Relevance of patent documents Commercial relevance Slide39: Using Patent Information Legal relevance: Avoid possible infringement problems Assess patentability of your own inventions Oppose grant of patents wherever they conflict with your own patent Slide40: Using Patent Information Technological relevance: Keep abreast with latest technologies in your field of expertise Avoid unnecessary expenses in researching what is already known In Europe, more than US$ 30 mill. per year is waisted in unnecessary research - 30% of the total investment in R&D Identify and evaluate technology for technology transfer Get ideas for further innovation Identify alternative technologies Slide41: Using Patent Information Commercial Relevance Locate business partners Locate suppliers and materials Monitor activities of real and potential competitors Identify niche markets Slide42: http://www.wipo.int/patentscope PatentScope - WIPO Patent and PCT Resources on the InternetSlide43: What is PatentScope ? PatentScope is Access to WIPO's Patent and PCT resources in one place Access to the technical information contained in more than one million international patent applications The platform for online electronic publication of PCT international applications More information on emerging issues, patent data, patent information and statistics Slide44: PatentScope - Overview of Content Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Legal, technical and general information about the international patent filing system (PCT) including electronic filing. Patent Data More than 1 million international patent applications available for search, detailed enquiries and as data subscription services Patent Statistics Monthly statistical reports on PCT Annual reports on world-wide patenting activity, data query facility. Patent Services for Developing Countries Search reports, access to patent documentation Slide45: PatentScope - Overview of Content Patent Information Tutorials, Frequently Asked Questions Current Issues Numerous links to web sites, articles and studies on topical issues such as genetic resources, traditional knowledge, software, business methods, etc. Patent Law International Treaties administered by WIPO Links to intellectual property laws of nearly 100 member states Frequently Asked Questions Meetings, Seminars, Training Email updates Slide46: PCT Resources PCT Background Legal Information Guides, instructions, forms Meetings, Training, DocumentsSlide47: PCT Resources - Gallery of Inventions 20 (and growing) notable inventions that have been patented via the PCT system Slide48: Information on Patents Current and emerging issues in the patent system Background information Studies, articles Links to related resourcesSlide49: WIPO's Patent Information Services for Developing Countries State of the Art Search Reports Search and examination of patent applications filed with Industrial Property Offices participating in the International Cooperation for the Search and Examination of Inventions programme (ICSEI). Information services Equivalent patent documents (patent family reports). Patent Documents Delivery of copies of individual patent documents. Slide50: Patent Statistics Monthly reports of PCT filing trends PCT national phase entry statistics Data Query (export data in Excel format based on user-defined criteria) Patent statistics from 1883 to the present daySlide51: Search International Applications PatentScope Search gives access to the complete collection of published PCT international applications (more than one million) Search using keywords boolean operators (AND, OR) field codes (applicant name, publication date, etc)Slide52: View the latest bibliographic data on record at the International Bureau including changes since publication View full text of description and claims for latin-language applications View National Phase Information where available View publication Notices Bibliographic DataSlide53: Access to the documents contained in the file of the International Bureau Publications Priority Documents Declarations (e.g. of inventorship) Written Opinions, Examination Reports and related documents View or download the documents in different formats PDF XML HTML Documents Slide54: THANK YOU Email: email@example.com http:/www.wipo.int/sme/ You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.


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Brickmania Chicago Store (Schaumburg, IL)
Brickmania's Chicago retail store features a complete line of products from Brickmania, BrickArms®, and other producers of quality after-market add-ons for the LEGO® building enthusiast. We also feature a selection official LEGO® minifigures and sets. We do not sell knock-off brands or any previously used products.
Adjusted Store Hours Until Further Notice
11:00am-3:00pm Saturday 3/21/2020
To comply with Governor Pritzker's order to shelter in place, we will be closed until further notice.
Your patronage and support during this period is immensely important to us. We apologize for any inconvenience, and we appreciate your understanding as our nation deals with the COVID-19 crisis. Please practice proper hygiene and responsible social distancing for the greater good, we hope to return to normal operations soon.
Normal Hours of Operation were:
Monday-Friday: 11:00 am - 8:00 pm
Saturday: 10:00 am - 7:00 pm
Sunday: 11:00 am to 5:00 pm
522 W Wise Road
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Brickmania's MOC Mondays are a chance for brick-building enthusiasts to gather together and showcase their recent creations with other passionate builders! Join together at Brickmania retail locations the final Monday of each month from 5-7 PM to showcase your MOC, vote on other's creations, and find out who's MOC will be displayed in the Brickmania Winner's Window!
Rules and deadlines for MOC Mondays:
- 5:00 entries accepted
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- 7:00 Winner announcement
MOC Entry Rules:
- Must be smaller or equal to 13x13" (width and length) x12" (tall)
- Can be a vehicle or building
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Micro Brick Battle Game Night is a chance for tabletop gamers of all ages to learn how to play our Micro Brick Battle Armored Combat System! Join fellow enthusiasts at any Brickmania retail location the third Thursday of each month from 5-8 PM to test out our newest scenarios and challenge your friends to the ultimate tabletop tank battle!


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Marksman C. Sam George Sajan's schedule is packed. He has just returned from the International Shooting Sport Federation's Junior World Cup in Sydney and is now busy preparing for the selection trials in Delhi this week to qualify for the championship in Germany and Czech Republic in June and July.
Sajan finished sixth with the score of 402.5 in the summit and 1140 in the 50m Rifle three positions qualifying event of the world cup. His feat is remarkable considering the fact that it is his first international event. Prior to this, he has won countless state and national medals and at present holds the No.2 in the country.
Right from the day he picked the weapon, Sajan has been bang on target. Hailing from an Army family, Sajan's interest in shooting evolved naturally. He is the fourth generation shooter in his family. During his childhood, he was, however, attracted to hockey and skating, whic died a premature death following a freak accident when he was in seventh grade. "Since doctors advised me against any sport, my father suggested shooting," he says.
As the sport demands lot of physical and mental fitness, Sajan trains for hours playing badminton with his friends. He also reads a lot for better concentration. "And I regularly visit Madurai Rifle Club for practice," he says.
Dad started him on it
His father Christopher Ramesh, NCC Officer and fitness freak used to take young Sajan to the ground. "I got him toy guns and taught him basic shooting skills, such as how to hold, aim and pull the trigger. Then I took him to my routine drills in college where I taught him to load and unload ammunition in the weapon," says Ramesh who works as Assistant Professor in the Department of English at Government Arts College, Melur.
Summer camp organised by the Madurai Rifle Club in 2012 was the turning point for Sajan. "I just got him enrolled as a member of the club and put him in the summer camp to get a feel of the game. But his unbound enthusiasm caught the attention of seasoned shooters in the club and they took him for intensive training," says Ramesh.
The same year, Sajan stunned everyone by erasing the 10-year-old State record in the open sight Air Rifle three positions event. He won both junior and men titles. His State record is yet to be broken. Later, he won bronze in the all India G.V. Mavlankar Shooting Championships. In 2013 Sajan shifted from open sight to peep sight rifle to prepare for harder battles ahead.
It took him three years to make a mark at the national level with the peep sight rifle. He set a new national record by scoring 1157 points erasing the existing record of 1151 set by Subhankar Pramanick of Madhya Pradesh at this year's national selection trials in Delhi. His consistent performance won him all India second rank.
"It is a proud moment for the Madurai Rifle Club as another shooter B. Mithilesh closely followed Sajan and he is No.3 in the country in the event. Of the three qualified to represent the country for the Sydney event, two were from Madurai," beams S. Vel Shankar, secretary, Madurai Rifle Club.
A national shooter himself, Vel Shankar trains the players and has worked hard to get all necessary infrastructure for his students. "We have fixed electronic targets so that shooters can correct even the minor errors. Already our boys and girls are showing tremendous improvement," says Vel Shankar, who is a certified coach of the International Shooting Sports Federation.
Unlike other categories in shooting, where shooters contest in controlled environment, 50m Rifle three positions is challenging as the event takes place in open air where shooters should have tremendous physical and mental fitness to overcome weather extremities and perform at their best. With packed international calendar, Madurai shooters should hopefully bring more laurels to the city.


text:
Adam Iglesias '03
Concentration: Psychology
Psychologist, Florida Atlantic University Counseling Center
Adam Iglesias graduated from the Wilkes Honors College in 2003 with a concentration in psychology. He earned his Ph.D. in psychology from Virginia Commonwealth University. He completed his pre-doctoral internship at the Virginia Treatment Center for Children.
Presently, Dr. Iglesias is a private practice psychologist in Palm Beach Gardens FL, holds an academic appointment at Palm Beach Atlantic University, and serves as a staff psychologist at Florida Atlantic University Counseling Center. Dr. Iglesias is the recipient of the 2014 FAU Alumni Association's Distinguished Alumni Award.


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What Caused This Year's Bizarre Winter and Spring Weather in the U.S. Heartland?
By Peter Sinclair
The weather in many areas across the U.S. has been – and certainly throughout America's heartland was for much of the past winter and spring – frightful.
National news headlined an extraordinary series of weather extremes bludgeoning the Midwest, including an epic "bomb cyclone" blizzard, ice storms, record-setting tornado activity, and drenching rains leading farmers in several states to delay, and in some cases cancel, planting.
What many of those banner headlines and network broadcasts didn't adequately do in most cases is explain the why and the how of those extremes. That's the goal of this month's This is Not Cool video, produced for Yale Climate Connections by veteran independent videographer Peter Sinclair.
The strength and persistence of that freakish weather pattern is consistent with jet stream behavior that climate scientists have been observing and measuring in recent years and could be linked to the shrinking of Arctic sea ice, experts interviewed in the video explain.
"This winter and spring has almost been a poster child for some of the connections that we've been talking about, that we should expect to see more of as the Arctic continues to warm up rapidly," said Jennifer Francis, a senior scientist now with the Woods Hole Research Center.
Michael Mann of Penn State University elaborates that as the Arctic is warming faster than the rest of the world, "You can get this very unusual phenomenon, where basically the waves in the jet stream stay locked in place, they don't move from west to east."
Jeff Masters of Weather Underground adds that when the jet stream stays locked in place for many days, extreme weather often can be the result: "Heat waves, where you happen to have a ridge of high pressure, and then very heavy precipitation events where you've got a trough of low pressure."
CBS contributing climate change and weather meteorologist Jeff Berardelli said, "I don't think you will find a flood that's been as long-lasting and as pervasive in its geographic scope as what we've seen this year."
Francis explains how disappearing sea ice in the Bering Sea area sets ideal conditions for a large, persistent dome of warm air over that region, which helps set-up the downstream weather events across North America.
According to James E. Overland of NOAA, the addition of heat, from ice-free ocean waters, "can lock in that wavy pattern" – which, Francis explains, can lead to persistent, and often extreme weather, even thousands of miles away.
EcoWatch Daily Newsletter
Oil rigs around the world keep pulling crude oil out of the ground, but the global pandemic has sent shockwaves into the market. The supply is up, but demand has plummeted now that industry has ground to a halt, highways are empty, and airplanes are parked in hangars.
Pittsburgh to Replace Thousands of Lead Drinking Water Pipes
Under an agreement negotiated by community groups — represented by NRDC and the Pennsylvania Utility Law Project — the Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority (PWSA) will remove thousands of lead water pipes by 2026 in order to address the chronically high lead levels in the city's drinking water and protect residents' health.
Trump Administration Finalizes Car Rule Which Will Worsen Economy, Public Health
By Dave Cooke
So, they finally went and did it — the Trump administration just finalized a rule to undo requirements on manufacturers to improve fuel economy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from new passenger cars and trucks. Even with the economy at the brink of a recession, they went forward with a policy they know is bad for consumers — their own analysis shows that American drivers are going to spend hundreds of dollars more in fuel as a result of this stupid policy — but they went ahead and did it anyway.
By Richard Connor
A blood test that screens for more than 50 types of cancer could help doctors treat patients at an earlier stage than previously possible, a new study shows. The method was used to screen for more than 50 types of cancer — including particularly deadly variants such as pancreatic, ovarian, bowel and brain.
Vaping and Smoking May Worsen Coronavirus Symptoms
Preliminary data from the Centers for Disease Control showed a larger number of young people coming down with COVID-19 than first expected, with patients under the age of 45 comprising more than a third of all cases, and one in five of those patients requiring hospitalization. That also tends to be the group most likely to use e-cigarettes.


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