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BACKGROUND: Failure of ductus arteriosus closure in preterm neonates results in a left-to-right shunt that leads to variable severities of hemodynamic and respiratory distress. When medical therapy fails, surgical ligation via left lateral thoracotomy remains an alternative approach and can be performed in the operating room or at the bedside with a low mortality rate. Opioid-based anesthesia is a frequent choice among anesthesiologists who manage patent ductus arteriosus cases based on the suppression of the stress response and maintenance of hemodynamic stability. This rationale suggests that regional anesthesia may also be an advantageous technique and may benefit earlier weaning from ventilation. Blocking afferent signals before incision may also modulate the long-term consequences of altered sensory perception and pain responses. CASE REPORT: We present two cases of general anesthesia combined with erector spinae plane block as part of multimodal anesthesia in premature twins undergoing patent ductus arteriosus closure. DISCUSSION: In these cases, the use of erector spinae plane block combined with general anesthesia was efficient to minimize the negative impact of surgery and allowed a reduction in the amount of intraoperative opioid use for patent ductus arteriosus closure.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: undiagnosed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and/or inadequate access to care are barriers to the elimination of HCV. Reflex testing has proven to facilitate referral to care, treatment and viral elimination. In this study, a reflex testing program was implemented in Andalusia and its impact on access to care was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: an observational, retrospective and prospective study was performed across diagnostic laboratories responsible for HCV diagnosis in southern Spain. After surveying the barriers to performing reflex testing, the number of patients that were not referred for care in 2016 was retrospectively studied (pre-reflex cohort). Subsequently, several measures were proposed to overcome the identified barriers. Finally, reflex testing was implemented and its impact evaluated. RESULTS: the pre-reflex cohort included information from 1,053 patients. Slightly more than half of the patients (n = 580; 55%) visited a specialist for treatment evaluation during a median period of 71 days (interquartile range = 35-134) since the date of diagnosis. The post-reflex cohort (September 2017 to March 2018) included 623 patients. Only 17% (n = 106) of the patients had not been referred for care or evaluated for treatment in a median period of 52 days (interquartile range = 28-86). CONCLUSIONS: in 2016, nearly half of new HCV diagnoses in southern Spain were not referred for care. Barriers to the implementation of reflex testing were overcome in our study. Moreover, this strategy was effectively implemented in 2017. Reflex testing contributed to improving referral for care. This program will contribute to the micro-elimination of hepatitis C in Spain.
Ceratomyxa mennani n. sp. is a new coelozoic Ceratomyxa species found in the gallbladder of Epinephelus marginatus from the Gulf of Tunis, Tunisia. Mature plasmodia were disporic, ovoid in shape measuring 9-12 µm in width and 11-14 µm in length. Mature myxospores were slightly crescent-shaped with almost straight posterior margin, measuring 5.8 ± 0.2 (5.4-6.1) µm in length and 12.7 ± 0.3 (11.9-13.0) µm in thickness. The two valves were unequal with rounded ends. Polar capsules were spherical, equal in size with 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.9-2.6) µm in diameter. The binucleated sporoplasm filled the entire cavity of the myxospore. Molecular analysis of SSU rDNA sequences indicated that C. mennani n. sp. was distinct from all other Ceratomyxa sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. mennani n. sp. clustered with Ceratomyxa species infecting Epinephelinae fishes. Seasonal prevalence of infection over one year was significantly higher in winter and the lowest in autumn. This is the third report of Ceratomyxa species infecting the gallbladder of Epinephelus marginatus from Tunisia and the first study to include molecular data.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, being characterized by the deposition of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (enriched in the amyloid beta (Aß) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), respectively) and memory loss. Aging, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and female sex (especially after menopause) are risk factors for AD, but their crosslinking mechanisms remain unclear. Most clinical trials targeting AD neuropathology failed and it remains incurable. However, evidence suggests that effective anti-T2D drugs, such as the GLP-1 mimetic and neuroprotector liraglutide, can be also efficient against AD. Thus, we aimed to study the benefits of a peripheral liraglutide treatment in AD female mice. We used blood and brain cortical lysates from 10-month-old 3xTg-AD female mice, treated for 28 days with liraglutide (0.2 mg/kg, once/day) to evaluate parameters affected in AD (e.g., Aß and p-tau, motor and cognitive function, glucose metabolism, inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress). Despite the limited signs of cognitive changes in mature female mice, liraglutide only reduced their cortical Aß1-42 levels. Liraglutide partially attenuated brain estradiol and GLP-1 and activated PKA levels, oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation in these AD female mice. Our results support the earlier use of liraglutide as a potential preventive/therapeutic agent against the accumulation of the first neuropathological features of AD in females.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of otitis media on auditory evoked potentials in children with a history of otitis media in comparison to a control group. DESIGN: 90 children, with normal hearing and middle ear status at time of assessment, aged between 8 and 14 years (44 boys and 46 girls) were enrolled in this study. 50 children (28 boys and 22 girls) had a documented history of Otitis Media. The control group consisted of 40 children (17 boys and 23 girls) with no documented history of otitis media. All children completed the auditory evoked potentials tasks of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) and P300. RESULTS: Auditory Evoked Potentials results demonstrated significantly increased latencies and decreased amplitudes in the otitis media group. ABR showed significantly latency delay of waves III and V by 0.1 msec (p < 0.001) and reduced amplitude (0.06 µV, p = 0.002 and 0.05 µV, p = 0.008, respectively) in the otitis media group compared to control group. P300 also showed significant latency delays (13,41 ms, p = 0.008) in otitis media group. No significant difference was seen for amplitude between CG and otitis media group for P300. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate the negative effects of otitis media on auditory evoked potentials in children with a history of middle ear disease as can be seen by changes on the ABR and P300 measures.
Technologies for water recycling within oil refineries have been gaining interest at an extensive rate due to the large volume of wastewater generated, high dependency of water and the progressive scarcity of this valuable resource. Phenols are part of a specific class of organic pollutants that have been contributing to a low-quality effluent in oil refineries due to their hazardous nature and strict environmental legislation associated. The reuse of stripped sour water within refineries is often blocked due to its rich phenolic content. This study evaluates the retention of phenols in refinery wastewater through reverse osmosis (RO) at its major source of emission, for water reclamation. The RO membrane selected exhibited rejections of up to 98% of phenols and 99% of both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). Permeate quality remained intact despite flux decline caused by phenolic and hydrocarbon adsorption when the oil content, in the feed, reached 771 ppm. The effluent's low conductivity due to lack of salts led to minor osmotic pressure differences (less than 2.5 bar at a volume concentration factor of 3), therefore, showing appealing performances of reverse osmosis filtration. Characterization of all permeates obtained from cross-flow filtration experiments showed COD levels in line with water reuse quality standards for make-up water in cooling processes.
AssuntosEliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Purificação da Água , Filtração , Hidrocarbonetos , Membranas Artificiais , Osmose , Pressão Osmótica , Fenóis , Águas Residuárias
The process of expanding a network of conservation areas includes identifying valuable areas for conservation, devising policies and implementing conservation actions on the ground. While the first two components are often analyzed in conservation science, the literature seldom focuses on the implementation process, particularly, how the governance structure acts as driver of conservation outcomes. In this paper, we analyze the process of development of the conservation network in California between 1910 and 2010 to test whether governance structure explains the variation in the attribution of land for conservation over time. We find that governance structure does play an important role in the development of the conservation network over the century. We find evidence that polycentric and diverse governance structures result in better conservation outcomes (i.e. more area of land acquired for conservation). Arrangements that included multiple levels of agencies (e.g. Federal, State, and County) better predict the area of conservation land per decade. Location of conservation action per county had an effect on conservation outcomes over the last decades, and we also find a strong negative effect of per capita income in the implementation of conservation actions. These results suggest that it is possible to leverage governance structure to meet future conservation challenges through the maintenance of a diverse and polycentric governance structure.
AssuntosConservação dos Recursos Naturais , California
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Luehea divaricata, popularly known in Brazil as "açoita-cavalo", has been widely explored by different ethnic groups native to Brazil to treat different pathologic conditions, including inflammatory pain. However, no report could be found on the effect that extract of L. divaricata has on neuropathic pain. This is an important topic because convergent and divergent mechanisms underlie inflammatory vs. neuropathic pain indicate that there may not always be a clear mechanistic delineation between these two conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to determine antioxidant activity and macronutrient composition of aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata, and the effect of oral administration on nociception in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain, one of the most commonly employed animal models of neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTSâ+ and ORAC methods. Vitexin was determined by HPLC to show that the composition of the extract of the present study is similar to that used in previous studies with this genus. Total sugar and sucrose concentrations were assessed by the anthrone method, while glucose and triacilglycerides were determined using commercially available kits. Fructose concentration was calculated from values for total sugars, glucose and sucrose. Total protein was determined by Bradford assay. The effect on DNA strand breaking was investigated by inhibition of strand breaking of supercoiled DNA by hydroxyl radical. The antinociceptive effects of aqueous extract (100, 300, 500, and 1000â¯mg/kg, i.g.) were evaluated on a mechanical threshold for neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. We also compared the antinociceptive effect of the extract (500â¯mg/kg, i.g.) with that induced by gabapentin (50â¯mg/kg, i.g.), a first-line clinical treatment for neuropathic pain. The effect of co-administration of extract (500â¯mg/kg, i.g.) and low-dose gabapentin (30â¯mg/kg, i.g.) was also assessed. In addition, the effect of the extract on body weight, and blood and hepatic parameters were investigated to reveal possible side effects of treatment. RESULTS: The extract showed high content of total phenol; good reducing capacity for DPPH, ABTSâ+ and ORAC assays; presence of vitexin; and a high capacity to inhibit strand breaking of supercoiled DNA. The predominant sugar was sucrose, followed by glucose and fructose. Total protein was greater than triacylglycerides, with the latter being present in a trace amount in the extract. The extract increased the mechanical threshold, which was reduced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was comparable to gabapentin and was also found after co-administration of extract and low-dose gabapentin. No significant change was found in body weight and blood and hepatic indicators after extract treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous extract from L. divaricata leaves was as effective as gabapentin at attenuating CCI-induced neuropathic pain, indicating for first time the therapeutic potential of this species for this type of pain.
Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between cancer and nonsyndromic oral clefts in different populations. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of nonsyndromic oral clefts in families of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, n = 50) and controls (n = 125). The parents of the patients answered a questionnaire with basic demographic information and family history of nonsyndromic oral clefts in first-degree relatives. Statistical analysis was carried out using Fisher's exact test. In the ALL group, 22 (44%) were male and 28 (56%) were female, and the average age was 13.2 ± 12.2 years. In the control group, 64 (51.2%) were male and 65 were female and the average age was 11.3 ± 10.3 years. Two out of 50 patients (4%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a positive history of nonsyndromic oral clefts, whereas there were no reported occurrences of nonsyndromic oral clefts in the control group (OR: 12.94, 95% CI: 0.61-274.6, p = 0.08). Despite the limited population, the frequency of nonsyndromic oral clefts was increased in the first-degree relatives of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Studies with larger samples and molecular analyses are needed to better understand the possible etiological relationship between cancer and nonsyndromic oral clefts.
The increase of CD8 + T lymphocytes in the perivascular spaces of patients with HIV encephalopathy has been reported in some studies. CD8 + T lymphocyte encephalitis was first described in 2013 and then a few other similar cases were published. We proposed to analyze the clinical, MR imaging, and histopathology findings of CD8 + T lymphocyte encephalitis. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyzes protocol using the PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, and IBECS databases up to February 3, 2018. Seven articles were included, two case series and five case reports. A total of 19 individuals were evaluated. MRI showed alterations in the white matter signal in all cases. Histopathology showed a predominance of CD8 + T lymphocytes. The findings described so far may resemble the inflammatory immune reconstitution syndrome. New studies on the subject are needed in an attempt to characterize the differences between these two entities.
INTRODUCTION: Typical symptoms of primary Zika virus infection are not specific and share similarities with other arbovirus infections such as dengue fever and chikungunya. As acute infection can be asymptomatic in up to 73% of cases, infants with microcephaly represent a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians. We describe the frequency of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in Brazilian children born to asymptomatic pregnant mothers and its differential diagnosis. METHODS: This longitudinal, observational study was conducted on children with suspected CZS whose mothers did not report rash during pregnancy, referred to the reference hospital in a metropolitan area of â Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The diagnosis of suspected CZS was based on Brazilian Ministry of Health protocol. RESULTS: Forty-three (17%) of 246 referred children were born to mothers without rash history during pregnancy. Thirteen (30%) of 43 children met the Brazilian Ministry of Health criteria for CZS, all with microcephaly (two post-natal). The other children included 11 cases with post-natal microcephaly due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (6), non-progressive encephalopathy of unknown etiology (2), microcephaly under investigation (2) and congenital toxoplasmosis (1); 17 children were misdiagnosed with microcephaly and progressed with normal head circumference during the follow-up period; one child was included because of epidemiological link and one was loss to follow-up. All children who underwent laboratory investigation for ZIKV infection during neonatal period had negative RT-qPCR tests. CONCLUSION: We emphasize the increasing importance of CZS in differential diagnosis of microcephaly at birth or post-natal period. Detailed clinical investigation assisted by neuroimaging tests may clarify the diagnosis of CZS when laboratory tests are not available during the acute phase of the disease.
Competitive sorption and desorption of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ onto riverbank and sediment samples of an area impacted by pyritic residue in a Southern Brazilian catchment were evaluated. Although these ions are considered poorly mobile, a new approach has been proposed to assess their behavior and associated risk. In this sense, factorial design and three-dimensional surface methodology are proposed to describe the competitive sorption behavior of the metal ion in the environmental matrix, as well as an innovative mobilization factor (MF) to describe the desorption rate from the integration of the normalized difference of sorption-desorption fluorescence peaks. Sorption was carried out with a central composite factorial design (23) to estimate simultaneous effects of independent variables. Three-dimensional surface analysis indicated increasing Cd2+ equilibrium concentration (Ceq) with Hg2+ and Pb2+ initial concentration (Ci), showing synergistic effect and low Cd2+ affinity to the solid phase. Statistical analysis presented [Formula: see text] as a significant variable for cadmium and lead dynamics, although [Formula: see text] was also significant for Hg2+ releasing to the liquid phase. After integrating the sorption and desorption fluorescence peaks, the MF for Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ was around 0.2, 0.5, and 0.1 in riverbank sediment, and 0.3, 0.9, and 0.1 in sediment, respectively. Hence, consistent ion mobilization along the river was observed, with Pb2+ mobilizing 9 and 6 times more than Hg2+ and Cd2+, respectively. The transport of ions such as Pb2+ and Hg2+, usually considered immobile, has indeed occurred, causing contamination through the watershed and increasing environmental risk. Graphical Abstract A new approach to determine toxic metal mobilization factor in a river catchment.
AssuntosCádmio , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metais Pesados/análise , Adsorção , Brasil , Cádmio/análise , Metais , Movimentos da Água
We present a case of a 68-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C infection, with no evidence of chronic liver disease during the first years of follow-up, diagnosed with a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 40 mm (α-fetoprotein (AFP) 205 ng/mL). He underwent segmental liver resection and pathology analysis was consistent with HCC and cirrhosis in the adjacent liver. Four months after surgery, AFP raised up to 126 661 ng/mL and abdominal MRI revealed a multinodular HCC. Patient rejected treatment with sorafenib and started megestrol and an herbal medicine, soursop (Annona muricata). Six months later, AFP markedly decreased (28 ng/mL) and abdominal MRI showed decreasing size and number of lesions. At 5 years of follow-up, he has no evidence of HCC. Spontaneous regression of HCC is a rare condition and the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this case there is a temporal relation between the start of megestrol and Annona muricata and HCC regression.
Incubation gas atmosphere affects the development of in vitro produced embryos. In this study, there was examination of effects of two different oxygen (O2) tensions (5 % and 21 %) during in vitro maturation (M5 and M21) and/or fertilization (F5 and F21) on embryo production and quality in deer and sheep. There was assessment of the percentage of embryos with cell cleavage occurring, percentage that developed to the blastocyst stage, and analysis of the relative abundance of mRNA transcript for genes important for development to the blastocyst stage. The O2 tension treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) percentage cleavage or blastocyst development in either species. In sheep, there was a greater abundance of SHC1, GPX1, TP53, BAX and NRF1 mRNA transcript (P < 0.05) in M21 F5-derived embryos. In deer, there was a greater abundance of SOD2 mRNA transcript (P < 0.05) when oocytes had been matured under relatively lesser O2, regardless of the tension used during fertilization. There was a lesser abundance of SOX2 mRNA transcript (P < 0.05) in the M5F21 compared to the other three treatment groups. The AKR1B1 mRNA transcript was in greater abundance (P < 0.05) in M21 F21 as compared to M21 F5 and M5F21 group, and there was a greater abundance PLAC8 mRNA transcript (P < 0.05) in M21 F21, as compared to all other treatment groups. In conclusion, while O2 tension had no effect on developmental rates it did affect the relative abundance of mRNA transcript of multiple genes related to important cell functions during development.
INTRODUCTION: Strenuous physical exercise may cause acute muscle soreness (AMS), which occurs directly after exercise, as well as delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), which occurs about 24â¯h after exercise. Studies of acupuncture's effect on DOMS have had contradictory results, whereas its effect on AMS has not been extensively studied. The main goal of this study was to evaluate acupuncture's effects on AMS and DOMS and on the prevention of DOMS. METHOD: 45 volunteers were randomised into a verum acupuncture group, a sham acupuncture group and a control group. After exercise-induced muscle damage was elicited, muscle soreness and pressure pain threshold were assessed at different time points. The outcome assessments were performed before (T1) and 20â¯min after the first acupuncture treatment (T2); then, 24â¯h later, they were performed before (T3) and 20â¯min after the second acupuncture treatment (T4). In the verum and sham acupuncture groups, acupuncture was performed for 2â¯min, immediately after T1 and T3 assessments, whereas subjects in the control group simply rested for 2â¯min without treatment. Verum acupuncture was given at ST34, ST36 and LR3, whereas sham acupuncture was given at three nontraditional points. RESULTS: We found that verum acupuncture can reduce the occurrence of AMS by one-half and DOMS by one-third. We also found specific and nonspecific acupuncture effects in AMS and DOMS. CONCLUSION: The uneven induction of muscle damage identified by our study, as shown by heterogeneity in pressure pain threshold values, may have led to the contradictory results in published studies on DOMS.
Overstimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Alamandine is a peptide newly identified as a protective component of the RAS; however, the mechanisms involved in its beneficial effects remain elusive. By using a well-characterized rat model of hypertension, the TGR (mREN2)27, we show that mREN ventricular myocytes are prone to contractile enhancement mediated by short-term alamandine (100 nmol/L) stimulation of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor member D (MrgD) receptors, while Sprague-Dawley control cells showed no effect. Additionally, alamandine prevents the Ca2+ dysregulation classically exhibited by freshly isolated mREN myocytes. Accordingly, alamandine treatment of mREN myocytes attenuated Ca2+ spark rate and enhanced Ca2+ reuptake to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Along with these findings, KN-93 fully inhibited the alamandine-induced increase in Ca2+ transient magnitude and phospholamban (PLN) phosphorylation at Thr17, indicating CaMKII as a downstream effector of the MrgD signaling pathway. In mREN ventricular myocytes, alamandine treatment induced significant nitric oxide (NO) production. Importantly, NO synthase inhibition prevented the contractile actions of alamandine, including PLN-Thr17 phosphorylation at the CaMKII site, thereby indicating that NO acts upstream of CaMKII in the alamandine downstream signaling. Altogether, our results show that enhanced contractile responses mediated by alamandine in cardiomyocytes from hypertensive rats occur through a NO-dependent activation of CaMKII.
BACKGROUND: Although multiple studies advocate the advantages of participatory research approaches for ethnoscience, few provide solid contributions from case studies that involve residents in all of the project phases. We present a case study of a participatory approach whose aim is to register ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of plants in two quilombola communities (maroon communities), an important biodiversity hotspot in the Atlantic Forest, Southeast Brazil. Our aim is to provide tools that will empower decision-making related to sustainable use and management among residents. METHODS: In phase I, the objectives and activities were defined in meetings with residents to carry out ethnobotanical surveys between two quilombola communities-the Quilombo da Fazenda (QF) and Quilombo do Cambury (QC). In phase II, we offered community partners training courses on how to collect plants and ethnobotanical data. In coordination with the university team and using ethnobotanical methods, community partners interviewed specialists on plants and their uses. In phase III, using the participatory mapping method, residents indicated plot locations and collected plants to calculate the Conservation Priority Index for native species recorded in phase II. RESULTS: In 178 days of fieldwork, two community partners from the QF and three from the QC selected 8 and 11 respondents who reported 175 and 195 plant species, respectively, corresponding to 9 ethnobotanical categories. Based on requests from the local community, booklets and videos with these data were collaboratively produced. A large percentage of species were found to be of great conservation priority-82.1% in the QC and 62.5% in the QF. Virola bicuhyba, Cedrela fissilis, Plinia edulis, and Tabebuia cassinoides are the species most at risk and will be the focus of phase IV, when a participatory management plan will be carried out. Additionally, we present both challenges and opportunities with the hope that others can learn from our successes and failures. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that it is possible to train community members who wish to document their knowledge to support the process of ensuring that local knowledge is highly regarded, further ensuring its perpetuation. In this context, the project may be of great interest to development programs in promoting community-based management strategies for useful plants.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of 'patient's minus evaluator's global assessment of disease activity' (ΔPEG) at treatment initiation on retention and remission rates of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients across Europe. METHODS: Real-life data from PsA and axSpA patients starting their first TNFi from 11 countries in the European Spondyloarthritis Research Collaboration Network were pooled. Retention rates were compared by Kaplan-Meier analyses with log-rank test and by Cox regression, and remission rates by χ2 test and by logistic regression across quartiles of baseline ΔPEG, separately in female and male PsA and axSpA patients. RESULTS: We included 14 868 spondyloarthritis (5855 PsA, 9013 axSpA) patients. Baseline ΔPEG was negatively associated with 6/12/24-months' TNFi retention rates in female and male PsA and axSpA patients (P <0.001), with 6/12/24-months' BASDAI < 2 (P ≤0.002) and ASDAS < 1.3 (P ≤0.005) in axSpA patients, and with DAS28CRP(4)<2.6 (P ≤0.04) and DAPSA28 ≤ 4 (P ≤0.01), but not DAS28CRP(3)<2.6 (P ≥0.13) in PsA patients, with few exceptions on remission rates. Retention and remission rates were overall lower in female than male patients. CONCLUSION: High baseline patient's compared with evaluator's global assessment was associated with lower 6/12/24-months' remission as well as retention rates of first TNFi in both PsA and axSpA patients. These results highlight the importance of discordance between patient's and evaluator's perspective on disease outcomes.
BACKGROUND: Although performance of rapid immunochromatographic tests (RITs) for dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1, 2 and 3 is relatively settled, evidence on accuracy of RITs for DENV-4 are based on studies with small sample sizes and with discrepant results. OBJECTIVES: To assess accuracy and inter-observer agreement of RITs targeting dengue nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) antigen - Dengue NS1-Bioeasy™, Dengue NS1 Ag Strip-Bio-Rad™, IVB Dengue Ag NS1-Orangelife™ and Dengue NS1-K130-Bioclin™ in DENV-4 samples. METHODS: Study sample (nâ¯=â¯324) included adults presenting at an emergency unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with fever of ≤72â¯h and two or more dengue symptoms. A serum sample from each patient was tested by each RIT. A positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was considered as the reference standard for dengue diagnosis. The diagnostic parameters analyzed for each RIT were sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios. Each RIT was read by homogeneous (two junior nurses) or heterogeneous (one junior nurse and one senior biologist) pairs. Agreement was estimated by simple kappa with 95% confidence interval, positive (Ppos) and negative (Pneg) proportion concordance and prevalence and bias adjusted kappa, rated from poor (kâ¯<â¯0.0) to almost perfect (0.8â¯<â¯kâ¯<â¯1.0), and perfect (kâ¯=â¯1). RESULTS: NS1 RITs for DENV-4 diagnosis showed high specificity (95.9%-99.4%), but low sensitivity (14.7%-45.4%). Bioeasy™ had the best performance, with a positive likelihood ratio of 26.0 (95% CI: 8.4;81.0). Inter-observer agreement was almost perfect for all evaluated RITs. Mismatches in confirmed dengue were more common for the Bioclin™ (Ppos 88.3-90.0 %) and Orangelife™ (Ppos 91.7-94.1 %) tests. CONCLUSIONS: For DENV-4, the tested RITs had high specificity, but lower sensitivity compared to published results for other serotypes. They should not be used for screening purposes. Different brands may have very different performances. This should be considered upon deciding of using RITs in DENV-4 outbreaks.
The Warburg effect is an emerging hallmark of cancer, which has the tumor suppressor p53 as its major regulator. Herein, we unveiled that p53 activation by (S)-tryptophanol-derived oxazoloisoindolinone (SLMP53-1) mediated the reprograming of glucose metabolism in cancer cells and xenograft human tumor tissue, interfering with angiogenesis and migration. Particularly, we showed that SLMP53-1 regulated glycolysis by downregulating glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase-2 (HK2), and phosphofructokinase-2 isoform 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase-3 (PFKFB3) (key glycolytic enzymes), while upregulating the mitochondrial markers synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 (SCO2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), and OXPHOS mitochondrial complexes. SLMP53-1 also downregulated the monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), causing the subsequent reduction of lactate export by cancer cells. Besides the acidification of the extracellular environment, SLMP53-1 further increased E-cadherin and reduced metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression levels in both cancer cells and xenograft human tumor tissue, which suggested the interference of SLMP53-1 in extracellular matrix remodeling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Consistently, SLMP53-1 depleted angiogenesis, decreasing endothelial cell tube formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels. SLMP53-1 also exhibited synergistic growth inhibitory activity in combination with the metabolic modulator dichloroacetic acid. These data reinforce the promising application of the p53-activating agent SLMP53-1 in cancer therapy, by targeting p53-mediated pathways of growth and dissemination.


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Christopher M Baldukas ( Male ) was 32 years old at the time of the arrest. was arrested on 2019-05-30 12:00:00. Was arrested in OAK CREEK, Wisconsin. The address information we have on record is: OAK CREEK, WI, 53154, County of MILWAUKEE.
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International trade makes up an important share in the GDP of countries. In 2017, 10.7 billion tons of products were transported by sea in the world, which is more than 3/5 of the global cargo turnover. The volume of maritime trade reaches more than 4 trillion. dollars annually, and containers handled in all ports around the world (including empty cargo, transshipment and handling of ports) are estimated at more than 785 million TEU.
The 50 largest container ports represent more than 25 countries, which demonstrates the global nature of the business.
A developed port network facilitates the timely and efficient movement of ships and cargo. So, for example, large container ships (up to 5000 containers), leaving the port of Rotterdam (Netherlands), reach Shanghai (China) in 18 days.
Asia is the largest trading region. In 2017, 4.4 billion tons of products were loaded in Asia, and 6.5 billion tons were unloaded.
The main trade routes are as follows (2017):
- Asia - North America (26.5 million TEU),
- Asia - Northern Europe (15 million TEU),
- Asia - Mediterranean Sea (7.9 million TEU),
- Northern Europe - North America (5.4 million TEU),
- Asia - Middle East (4.7 million TEU),
- Asia - East Coast of South America (2 million TEU),
- Europe - East coast of South America (1.6 million TEU),
- North America - East Coast of South America (1.2 million TEU),
Shanghai has been a leader in traffic for several years. Of the 15 largest ports, more than half (8) are located in China - this is the largest exporter and major importer of goods. Only two ports are located outside of Asia - the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp.
Singapore, due to its advantageous geographical position, is a major transport hub, increased the volume of goods by 8.7% compared to 2017.
As for Russia, the port of St. Petersburg in 2017 entered the top ten seaports of Northern Europe - 1.8 million TEU.
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What is the largest port in the world?
1. Singapore port
Singapore tops our ranking of the largest ports in the world. In 2012, he received 537.6 million tons of cargo. In 2011, the port handled about 30 million equivalent units of containerized cargo (TEU).
The cargo port includes terminals in cities such as Tanjong Pagar, Keppel, Brani, Pasir Panjang, Sembawang and Jurong. The terminals are owned by PSA Singapore and Jurong Port.
The port receives an average of 140,000 vessels per year and connects to 600 ports worldwide. It is equipped with 204 mooring cranes and a number of gantry cranes.
Currently, a major project is underway in the port of Singapore to expand the terminal, which, after full commissioning in 2020, will add another 15 berths.
2. Shanghai port
In 2010, it was the largest port in the world, but now it has given way to Singapore. Its construction was recognized as a decisive factor in the development of the city of Shanghai. In 2012, the Chinese port handled 744 million tons of cargo, including 32.5 million TEU.
The port is located at the mouth of the Yangtze River and covers an area of 3619 sq. Km. The Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG) owns the port complex.
It consists of 125 berths with a total length of about 20 km. Each month, the Shanghai port serves more than 2,000 container ships and makes up a quarter of all of China's foreign trade.
3. Hong Kong port
Back in 1987, this seaport was recognized as the busiest in the world. A key factor in Hong Kong's economic development, the natural shelter and deep waters of Victoria Harbor provide the ideal setting for parking and handling all types of ships.
The number of container ships that passed through the port of Hong Kong was 25,869 in 2016, and the net registered tonnage was 386,853 tons.
4. Port of Shenzhen
Shenzhen Port serves industrial facilities and companies located in the Pearl River Delta. It is considered the second largest seaport in China, especially in the southern part of mainland China.
The port is considered home to 39 shipping companies that have launched 131 international container routes. 560 vessels call at Shenzhen port every month. Shekou Passenger Terminal provides fast ferry crossings across the Pearl River Delta to Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai.
5. Port Busan
Busan Port is the fifth in the list, serving the South Korean city of Busan as a leading participant in its economic activities. Container handling is more than 13 million TEU, which makes it a real competitor for other Asian ports in the coming years.
The South Korean port handles 40% of all sea export cargo, 80% of containerized cargo and 42% of fish products throughout the country. It is located on an area of 840,000 square meters and is capable of simultaneously serving 169 vessels.
6. Ningbo Port
Ningbo Port, which handled more than 453 million tons of cargo in 2012, is the sixth largest port in the world. Consists of 309 berths, connects with 600 ports in more than 100 countries of the world.
It is located in the coastal province of Zhejiang and includes the port areas of Beilong, Zhenhai, Ningbo, Daxi and Chuangshan. The port is managed by Ningbo Port Group.
7. Guangzhou port
The port of Guangzhou in 2012 handled more than 460 million tons of cargo, making it the seventh largest port in the world. It is located in the center of the Pearl River Delta. For comparison, in 1999, the seaport handled 100 million tons of cargo.
The port consists of four main areas, including the port of Guangzhou, as well as the port of Huangpu, Xinsha and Nansha. It is currently the largest coal loading and unloading port in China.
8. Jebel Port - Ali (Dubai)
One of the main attractions of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Jebel Ali Port is located 35 km southwest of Dubai in the Persian Gulf. Despite the crisis of 2009, the port was able to handle 10 million TEU.
9. Qingdao Port
Serves Qingdao Province, located near the Yellow River. It consists of four regions: the Dagan port area, Qianwan port, the Huangdong oil port area (for oil tankers) and the Dongjakou port.
He is well known for handling ships for the transport of dry cargo, and his transshipment rates exceed 10 million TEU.
10. Port of Rotterdam
Rounding out the top ten is the largest port on the European continent. Its area is 105 sq. Km, and its length is 40 km. In 2012, it handled 441.5 million tons of cargo.
The port of Rotterdam consists of five separate port areas and three distribution parks, which meet the needs of inland areas with 40 million consumers.
As you can see, almost all of the largest ports in the world are Asian ports. Eastern countries are constantly developing and demonstrating their superiority in this area. The ten largest ports are striking in their impressive size and congestion.
And what major ports do you know? Share with us in the comments!
Shanghai seaport
Shanghai's seaport is the largest in the world due to its convenient location. The port is located between the southern and northern sides of China and has direct access to the sea. The 2012 indicator is one of the best: for the year it was possible to serve 32 and a half million twenty-foot containers.
Shanghai is the main naval base and the largest port of China, located on the Huangpu River at a distance of 50 kilometers from the coast of the East China Sea. Port facilities occupy 60 kilometers of the river's coast, and the length of the mooring front exceeds 40 kilometers and includes more than 100 berths. The total turnover of sea freight in Shanghai exceeds 100 million tons.
The following cargoes are traditionally imported into the port:
General cargo is most often taken out of the port.
The complex includes:
- special unit for loading - unloading sea cargo,
- a container terminal that accepts and processes containers,
- special marina for transporting coal,
- berths
- storage facilities with a total area of 260,000 square meters,
- open cargo areas with an area of 100,000 square meters,
- shipbuilding and ship repairing enterprises.
One can guess that the port of Shanghai was not just the most important in the world.
1. Port of Shanghai, China
There is nothing surprising in the fact that the first place is occupied by the Chinese seaport (and along with it the river port), showing stable growth. Located in the water area with direct access to the sea and extending 50 km upstream of the Yangtze River, the port is involved in both local freight traffic and international transport. The indicators are impressive: 125 berths, about 37 million TEU per year, throughput of at least 2,000 container ships.
By 2020, it is planned to expand the deepwater coastline to 10 kilometers, as well as the construction of new berths with a capacity of over 13 million standard containers per year.
2. Port of Singapore, Singapore
Among all ports, Singapore is distinguished by its exceptional size: 31 million processed 20-foot equivalents, cargo handling from 600 ports in 123 countries. Until 2015, this marine hub ranked first among the largest ports in the world, and even now it is "breathing in the back" of Shanghai, showing steady growth (30.90 million TEU as of 2016 compared to 31.65 million TEU in 2012 )
Seaport of singapore
This port complex ranks second in size. At the same time, container turnover per year may exceed 30 million.
The port in Singapore is traditionally called the "gate of Europe", because it is it that allows you to connect Asian and European countries. In most cases, it is through this transport facility that all models of equipment sold in Europe pass. Every day, port employees handle about 80 thousand containers, with large vessels always waiting for special permission to sail into the territory.
High technologies of the seaport include 11 radars for monitoring ships, more than a thousand innovative and reliable video cameras. Only modern technologies allow us to successfully serve all container ships and cargo ships.
3. Port of Shenzhen, China
Returning to China's logistics facilities, one cannot ignore the largest export center for consumer and digital electronics manufacturers in the world. In the Pearl River Delta, the production capacities of various corporations are located, carrying out their transportation through a whole chain of Shenzhen ports. Implementing, it should be noted, successfully: more than 3 dozen operating shipping companies and 360,000 sq. M. m. of covered warehouses and a container area of 600,000 square meters. m. Among the latest indicators - processed 23.97 million TEU. Seeing the prospects for the further development of sea freight, the authorities plan to reorient it to a free trade port by 2020, simplifying the procedure for border screening of goods.
4. Port of Ningbo, China
A striking example of a competent strategy to capture the freight market is the creation of a single large seaport, which took third place in 2015 in the list of the largest ports in China. At the same time being the oldest maritime hub, today this maritime hub shows amazing growth and throughput to meet growing demand - 21.60 million TEU, significantly exceeding the previous years.
5. Port Busan, South Korea
Busan's largest port in South Korea, has two main areas - fishing and sea trade. Located on Yong Island, the port is connected to the mainland by a drawbridge. A small but steady growth in trade volume (19.85 million TEU by 2016) guarantees him a closing place in the five largest ports in the world.
TOP 10 largest ports in the world
Port Handling Statistics is handled by the Port Authority Association of America. They collect data and issue an annual report on both freight traffic and container traffic. This report, released at the end of 2018, clearly shows that Asia has become the center of sea freight transportation. The leading places in the TOP 10 are occupied by the harbors of eastern cities. This is a good example of the growth of the economies of China and Singapore.
1. Shanghai (China)
River and seaport near the metropolis of Shanghai. In the 80s of the last century was considered small. After 20 years, cargo turnover here increased from 100 million tons to 445 million. Record figures made the Shanghai sea gate the largest in the world. Today, the figure has reached 700 million, which is an absolute world record.
Shanghai Port View
Having a favorable geographical position on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, today it has existing contracts with 500 other sea harbors of the world. It is divided into several parts:
- Pudong container terminal,
- Yangshangan (deep sea harbor),
- Baoshan
- Zhanghuabang and other terminals (total 14).
2. Singapore (Singapore)
Shanghai can only compete with Singapore, which occupies the second line both in the global ranking and in the share of container traffic. The history of the port of the city-country began in 1863.
On a small island there is a city, a country and one of the largest and most convenient ports in the world
With the growth of Singapore's economy, not only passenger, but also merchant ships began to arrive in the country. A sharp jump in development occurred in 1982, when the turnover of containers exceeded 1 million TEU (twenty-foot equivalent). Let us compare current port indicators: 30 million TEUs pass through Singapore every year. It works with 123 countries of the world, is considered ultramodern, has its own operating system.
3. Guangzhou (China)
In Guangzhou, the work of 4,600 berths is automated, an increase in indicators shows that he will soon catch up with the Singapore harbor in terms of cargo volume. China has implemented a deepening project in order to expand the port capabilities of the south of the country.
Container Handling in Guangzhou
Carries out the reception of any goods, equipped with modern equipment.
Port in hong kong
This port complex is located on the southeast coast of China and has 14 berths. The annual turnover is about 23 million TEU. Each year, port employees serve about 7,500 cargo ships, as well as 15,000 small boats and ships. Such indicators, as in other cases, are worthy.
4. Port Hedland (Australia)
From China, we will move to Australia, where the volumes of goods received and sent by sea through Port Hedland have sharply increased since 2013. Located in the west of the continent in a deep harbor. The main historical destination of Port Hedland was the transportation of ore.
Western Australia, Port Hedland
Since then, nothing has changed; containers go through Melbourne and Sydney.
Shenzhen port in China
This port complex can accept up to 23,000,000 twenty-foot containers per year.
The port includes:
- 141 berth,
- 27 shipyards,
- 18 passenger terminals
- covered warehouse area - 360 thousand square meters,
- container area - 60,000 square meters.
Such figures indicate a high level of functionality of the port of Shenzhen, which in most cases imports bulk ores, grain crops, chemical and oil products, metal, liquefied gas.
Busan Port in South Korea
In South Korea, the port of Busan is capable of accepting cargo ships capable of transporting up to 50,000 tons of cargo. The port complex is located on the coast of the Korean Strait in a natural harbor. The length of the mooring front exceeds ten kilometers.
Ningbo Port in China
The port complex is located at the intersection of northern and western directions. In addition, Ningbo is successfully used for inland navigation on the Yangtze River. The port includes several units that successfully interact with each other.
Tianjin port in China
It is this port complex that is ready to break into the tenth place of the largest ports with an annual transportation volume of 12.3 million.
All cargo ports in the world that serve a large number of ships and containers must meet the high requirements of reliability, functionality and modernity. Getting into the TOP-10 of the largest ports in the world and reliably maintaining positions is not so easy, but the best enterprises successfully cope with the task.
5. Ningbo Zhoushan (China)
The Ningbo port complex consists of five separate harbors, differing in purpose. In the world top in terms of container traffic, it takes 4th place. The development was due to the favorable geographical position and economic growth in China. Today, commodity circulation is approaching 500,000 metric tons.
Ningbo Zhoushan is developing rapidly
7. Qingdao (China)
Washed by the waters of the Yellow Sea, Qingdao occupies a leading position in the port system of mainland China. Located in the south of the Shandong Peninsula along the two banks of Jiaozhou Bay and is divided into three complexes:
- Huangdao (oil terminal),
- Dagan (historic port),
- Qianwan (new port).
Qingdao is a city with staggering rapid development
Connected to railway and car lines. There are modern capabilities for work, including a floating crane and ground gantry cranes.
8. Tianjin (China)
At the mouth of the Haihe River is the fifth largest port in mainland China. To increase the throughput, deepening work was carried out. The port is located 170 kilometers from the capital of China, which determined the fate of the city of the same name as a transshipment base on the way to Beijing.
Tianjin Cruise Port - One of its Many Parts
Automated and modern complex, container handling exceeds 14300 TEU.
9. Busan (Republic of Korea)
The largest port in Korea is located on the shores of the Korean Channel and is the state's sea capital. A good position on the map allowed him to quickly increase cargo turnover at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Busan port and city view
It has an open structure, accepts vessels with a displacement of up to 50,000 tons in 7 regions, depending on the type of goods. Protected from the winds. It is noteworthy that ships entering the harbor should be aware of the presence of mines unexploded during the Korean War at the bottom.
10. Dalian (China)
The depths in the southern region of the Liaodong Peninsula are not great and reach 17 meters. Vessels with a displacement of more than 30 thousand tons cannot use Dalian for transshipment. The modern complex has 314 mobile cranes, shipyards for the construction of new ships.
View of the port from the deck of a cruise ship
It is interesting that it was laid down by the Russians and was previously called Dalniy. The Soviet side also leased a port from China during the Second World War.
Europe ranking
Since the end of the XIX century, with the development of industry in Europe, the load on ports has increased, the volume of transported goods has increased dramatically. Until the end of the 20th century, port cities also grew rich. Today, with the rapid development of Asian countries, the path of many goods has shifted from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
Let's talk about European ports and their current state.
Rotterdam, Netherlands
The largest water harbor in Europe, is among the ten world ranking. Located in the western part of the common delta of the Meuse and Rhine. He began to actively develop at the end of the 19th century along with the Dutch industry.
Port of Rotterdam. 2018 year
According to recent studies, over 462,000 tons of cargo passes annually through Rotterdam Harbor. Includes several parts:
- historic port in the central part of the city,
- Europort for receiving tankers and large containers,
- Delfshaven for stopping small vessels,
- Baalhaven for large ships and others.
The area is 105 km 2.
Antwerp, Belgium
It is located on the banks of the Scheldt River and is one of the twenty largest world ports. It is noteworthy that it is 4 times the size of the Belgian city itself. Amazing fact: Antwerp is located on the river and has no access to the sea (80 kilometers to the coastline), while it successfully supplies not only Belgium, but also all of Western Europe.
Aerial view of Antwerp
Cargo turnover is about 215,000 metric tons annually. On the territory there are 5 terminals for receiving dry goods, separate terminals for liquid and gaseous products.
Hamburg, Germany
The Germans call the Hamburg Sea Terminals the "gateway to the world." They are located on the Elbe River; the total area of the port is 74 km 2.
View of the cranes from the Hamburg Maritime Station
The history of the port part of the city began almost from its foundation, in 1189. King of Germany and Emperor of the Roman Empire Frederick I Barbarossa ordered the port to be opened here, understanding the strategic location of Hamburg in relation to the center of Europe. Today, there are 17 terminals on the territory for receiving and sending all types of cargo.
In Ust-Luga, which is located near St. Petersburg, there are 11 commodity terminals and 19 berths. Annual turnover indicators are growing, which allowed him to get ahead of the Novorossiysk sea harbor by this indicator. According to the data for 2019, Ust-Luga received and dispatched 98,730 metric tons of cargo; throughput, if necessary, can double.
Ust-Luga port continues to be built and expanded
In the world ranking, the largest port of Russia takes 45th place in terms of traffic. The area is 1057 hectares. The convenient location at the mouth of the Luga Bay, 70 kilometers from St. Petersburg, is one of the reasons for the rapid development. It has been operating since 2000.
The largest southern sea gate of Russia is located in Novorossiysk. Fort Novorossiysk was founded after the end of the Russian-Turkish war in 1829. For well-coordinated work, there are:
- grain transshipment terminals
- oil infrastructure
- ship repair for all types of ships,
- forest port
- coastal radio stations.
Sunset at the port of Novorossiysk
There is a naval base. The annual volume of cargo passing through Novorossiysk is 78,000 metric tons.
The third largest port in Russia is Primorsk. It is located in the Baltic and is considered the largest among the oil in the country. It is noteworthy that in Soviet times a quarter of the entire USSR's cargo turnover passed through this territory. Primorsky sea gates were founded in 1993 in order to escape from foreign dependence after the collapse of the state.
Marinas of the port of Primorsk
The main stages of construction began in 2000, today Primorsk accepts goods in the amount of 64,000 metric tons and continues to develop. The total area is 34.8 km 2.
Jabal Ali (UAE)
In the world list of the largest maritime harbors, Jabal Ali, located in the emirate of Dubai, is 23rd. It consists of several terminals, including freight and passenger. Serves US military vessels under a separate contract. Cargo turnover is 175,000 metric tons.
Container in the port of Jebel Ali
Richards Bay (South Africa)
It is located 160 kilometers from Durban and connects the naval base with the provinces of South Africa through the railway. It was allocated in a separate complex for the shipment of South African coal, but gradually expanded.
Richards Bay is one of the largest coal ports in the world.
The total area of the territory is 2200 hectares, there is potential for expansion.
Duisburg (Germany)
The largest port in the world, located on the river, is Duisburg. It is located at the confluence of the Rhine and the Ruhr. Since ancient times, this place was a fort. Today, passenger and cargo ships pass through it, repairs are being carried out, and there are container and oil terminals. The infrastructure is developed, the process is fully automated.


text:
Annual report by George Morris, Papeete mission, Tahiti, dated 3 Dec 1866 and addressed to Rev. Tidman. The report was received by LMS headquarters on 20 Mar 1867. Refers to the death of European residents at the mission A Salmon and Rev. A Simpson. Refers to increase in cottage parayer meetings, and that the extension of [religious] liberties by the Government amongst the native peoples has continued since the previous year. He has made visits to 13 districts and has preached in many of them. He regrets that there have been abuses among the native churches which have required more missionary visits. Gives information on Day and Sunday schools, including numbers attending, and comments on educational provision within the mission. Comments extensively on the work of the press, which has been hindered with problems of the supply of paper. Refers to distribution of the Bible and religious texts. Reports on the native agency in Tahiti and amongst the local islands.
Report by George Morris, Papeete, Tahiti [Society Islands]
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- Bookmark:https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb102-cwm/cwm/lms/02/06/001/02
- This material is held at
- ReferenceGB 102 CWM/LMS/02/06/001/02
- Dates of Creation3 Dec 1866
- Language of MaterialEnglish
- Physical Description8 ff.
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- How To Avoid Premenstrual Acne: Dec 11, 2013. Young women often complain of "pimples" (also called acne) just before their periods. The medical term for this is called "premenstrual acne". Hepatic - Herbal treatment of functional liver disease. by Paul Bergner. Medical Herbalism 12...


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CHENNAI: Sensing an opportunity to occupy the prime opposition space, the BJP is gearing up to contest the civic bypolls by constituting committees to examine prospective candidates while the Congress, fighting political irrelevance is announcing its decision on Tuesday.
Even as the saffron party is planning to contest three Corporations and seven municipalities, its ally MDMK went to town with its decision to boycott the elections.
BJP State president Tamilisai Soundararajan, in a statement, said the party was holdings talks with allies on the bypolls. While district-level committees are preparing the list of prospective candidates of the party in various local bodies, the panel headed by former State president KN Lakshmanan would interact with functionaries and cadre on the candidates for Coimbatore mayorship and chairpersons for Coonoor, Vriddhachalam and Arakkonam.
Another committee has been entrusted with the similar task for the Mayorship of Tuticorin and Tirunelveli Corporations and for chairpersons for Kodaikanal, Pudukottai, Ramanathapuram and Sankarankovil municipalities. Once the committees submit their reports, the names of the candidates would be finalised, Tamilisai said.
The MDMK, one of the allies of the BJP, announced its decision to boycott the elections after its high-level committee meeting here earlier in the day. This comes close on the heels of the PMK, another constituent of the saffron combine, staying away from the contest. Another key ally, the DMDK, is yet to decide on contesting the elections.
Meanwhile the VCK and MMK, allies of the DMK, toeing the line of the Dravidian major, have decided to boycott the by-elections.


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Dehleez toh paar kar li hai, ab zamane se takrana hai. Peeche mud ke ab kya dekhoon, mujhe aage badhte jana hai. I have crossed the patriarchal boundary, now I have to fight the world Why should i look back… Continue Reading →
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I have exposed change .org two years back and every now and then the true colours are shown in their contradictory campaigns. Below is information why, after hosting more then 250 petitions i have boycotted change.org https://kractivist.org/why-activists-should-boycott-change-org-petitions/ HERE EXPOSED ONCE… Continue Reading →
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Daily Quote - September 10, 2019 - Abraham
Category: The Teachings of Abraham Views: 1313
It is your rules that make unlawful beings. You would get along better if you would just trust each other to treat each other appropriately, but you don't. So you keep making laws — until you make criminals of everyone.
Excerpted from Chicago, IL on 4/25/99
Our Love,
(and Abraham and Jerry)
Reprinted with persmission from Abraham-Hicks Publications on crystalwind.ca. All rights reserved.
Image by CrystalWind.ca
Thank you!
ॐ Namasté - Blessings!
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Here are just a few choice gems from The Prepper Journal's 11 Ways A Condom Can Save Your Life: starting fires (they're great at protecting tinder from moisture), hunting for food (sexiest slingshot ever!), and transporting up to two liters of water (yes, rule 34 applies; no, we won't provide the link). They also make serviceable stand-ins for rubber gloves and can be used to protect the muzzle of your other essential survival tool (killing it right now).
Webb's includes an aspirin- and ibuprofen-filled pill bottle wrapped in duct tape and medical tape, a couple of gauze pads bound in a rubber band, and a standard gauze roll and a Kerlix gauze roll. It's enough gear to "stop a bleed and wrap it tight with the tape, or wrap a sprain and take the pain meds," he says. Webb packs it all in a Norelco shaver case.
However, a few unintentional similarities to the Quiverfull movement doesn't mean that preppers can't still care about safe sex. Hunting, canning, and digging your own latrines does nothing to make the threat of an STD less real. After all, gonorrhea and genital warts are going to be a whole lot harder to treat without reliable access to medical care. And there must be at least a few survivalists out there rational enough not to want to endure the horrors of premodern pregnancy and birth unless absolutely necessary.
Also, many who come out here don't seem to have taken into account ONE aspect that has already marked and recorded their interest in this/these skills. We ALL listed that we came out on here to learn in the least about it and data doesn't get deleted or lost. (Just saying, we do have a digital fingerprint complete with email, IP address, and every letter typed.)
It turns out that when you're down to your last moldy hunk of bread and giardia-laced mud puddle, letting it all melt away in a cloud of smoke for a few precious moments can mean the difference between giving up and giving the rat (eating) race another go. If history has anything to say, it's more common than you think for people to happily give up MREs and gunlord harems in return for hastening their ends with carcinogens wrapped up in tidy paper packages. In traumatic situations like war, cancer sticks are often valued more highly than food. Even in the current (more or less) pre-apocalyptic global economy, cigarettes are one of the stable forms of currency.
A supply of nonperishable food and water are a core necessity for every survival kit. Amazon.com offers several varieties of survival kits with emergency food for different situations. For the boat, car, or RV, high caloric density food bars are a compact and affordable way to stay safe. You'll also find dehydrated meals in large quantities prepackaged compact bins for convenient storage. Waterproof survival kits are perfect for the basement, and contain up to three months of food for four adults.
Here are just a few choice gems from The Prepper Journal's 11 Ways A Condom Can Save Your Life: starting fires (they're great at protecting tinder from moisture), hunting for food (sexiest slingshot ever!), and transporting up to two liters of water (yes, rule 34 applies; no, we won't provide the link). They also make serviceable stand-ins for rubber gloves and can be used to protect the muzzle of your other essential survival tool (killing it right now).
Further interest in the survivalist movement peaked in the early 1980s, with Howard Ruff's book How to Prosper During the Coming Bad Years and the publication in 1980 of Life After Doomsday by Bruce D. Clayton. Clayton's book, coinciding with a renewed arms race between the United States and Soviet Union, marked a shift in emphasis in preparations made by survivalists away from economic collapse, famine, and energy shortages—which were concerns in the 1970s—to nuclear war. In the early 1980s, science fiction writer Jerry Pournelle was an editor and columnist for Survive, a survivalist magazine, and was influential in the survivalist movement.[16] Ragnar Benson's 1982 book Live Off The Land In The City And Country suggested rural survival retreats as both a preparedness measure and conscious lifestyle change.
No one thinks they're going to be trapped by whiteout conditions or separated from their group as night falls but it happens with alarming regularity. Don't make things worse by being unprepared. These advanced Mylar emergency blankets cost less than 4 bucks each and weigh virtually nothing and yet can and do save lives. They're waterproof, tear-resistant survival gear that comes in a pack of 5. As such there's no excuse for not having them tucked away in your backpack or daypack when you set out. The very definition of essential survival gear for outdoorsmen of all stripes.


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Story provided by Business Insider – What you don't include on your résumé can be as important as what you do include. There are some things that make a résumé look unprofessional, outdated or distracting to hiring managers, who have only moments to scan the document. Make sure hiring managers see only information that strengthens, rather than … Continue reading
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Have you ever found yourself working harder to make sure you receive that extra bonus at work? Or have you ever found yourself staying a little longer and doing a little more when there is a reward involved? What truly motivates you? Grades4Life is about helping you to find that motivation and helping you to … Continue reading


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ATN IR850 Pro
ATN IR850 Pro an extremely powerful, long range 850 mW infrared illuminator for hunting, law enforcement, search & rescue and military use.
Works very well
Sandra F.
rating based on 6 review
Works very well
Works very well
Sandra F.
Seams to be what I wanted
Haven't been able to try it out yet
Kenneth B.
Love our IR850
Love this product. Can't be beat.
Sean S.
All work as planed
All work as planed
nelton l.
Only sell this with the scope
This is a great improvement. The IR illuminator that came with the 4K Pro was unsatisfactory. I suggest that you don't bother to sell it with the purchase of the scope. It reflects badly on the scope.
James O.
Very good light. Had a problem with mount not closing tight on rail. Does what they do say.
Travis W.


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Parkway Veterinary Hospital
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the Clip Joint
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