text:
Important Notice
It appears you are using an older version of your browser. While some functions will be available, KANSASWORKS works best with a modern browser such as the ones provided by:
Please download and install the latest version of the browser of your choice. We apologize for any inconvenience.
Job Search
Enter your search criteria into the boxes below, then click the search icon or press Enter. In the What box, enter the job title, keywords, or job posting number. In the Where box, enter a city, state or zip code. In the Within box enter the number of miles around the location entered. If either the Where or Within boxes are going to be used, then both boxes are required. To narrow your search results, use the "Refine Search" filters on the left by selecting a category. The number next to each filter indicates the number of results currently in the system using that filter, plus your current search criteria. If zero jobs meet the criteria, the filter will not display for selection. Results do not include indeed.com jobs. Filters can be removed by selecting the link you want to remove in the "Filtered By" section. Searches can be saved by entering a unique name in the Label field and selecting the "Save search as" button.
Filtered by
Ammunition Packer (JC157764878)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: Northrop GrummanLocation: Independence, MO
Performs manual labor to facilitate packing ammunition
Basic Qualifications: HS diploma or equivalent
Northrop Grumman is committed to hiring and retaining a diverse workforce. We are proud to be an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer, making decisions without regard to race, color, religion, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital…
Seed Tech (JC157772322)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: BayerLocation: Independence, MO
Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the Life Science fields of health care and agriculture. Its products and services are designed to benefit people and improve their quality of life. At Bayer you have the opportunity to be part of a culture where we value the passion…
Customer Service Associate (JC157783219)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: WalgreensLocation: INDEPENDENCE, MO
Job Description:
+ Models and delivers a distinctive and delightful customer experience.
+ Registers sales on assigned cash register, provides customers with courteous, fair, friendly, and efficient checkout service.
Customer Experience
+ Engages customers and patients by greeting them and offering assistance with products and services. Resolves customer issues and…
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: Home DepotLocation: Independence, MO
The Asset Protection Specialist is primarily responsible for preventing financial loss caused by theft and fraud and supporting safety and environmental program compliance in their assigned store/multiple stores. They utilize tools to minimize loss to the Company, including but not limited to identifying incidents of theft and fraud…
Certified/Registered Medical Assistant; Fairmount Family Med (JC157742153)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: Truman Medical CentersLocation: Independence, MO
Certified/Registered Medical Assistant; Fairmount Family Medical Center; FT80; Days; 8:00 – 4:30
Tracking Code
Job Description
Truman Medical Centers, a two-hospital, 600-bed, not-for-profit healthcare system, is the largest and most comprehensive safety net healthcare provider in Jackson County and Kansas City, Mo. TMC serves as the primary teaching hospital…
Maintenance Mechanic- D-Shift- Independence, MO (JC155943138)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: UnileverLocation: Independence, MO
Maintenance Mechanic D Shift
D-shift hours- Thurs/Fri/Sat and every other Wednesday – 7:00pm-7:30am shift
Background & Purpose of the Job
The Maintenance Packaging mechanic is responsible for ensuring maximum availability of production plant across the Sourcing Unit utilizing excellent technical skills for improvements and modifications and sound application of WCM…
HealthHUB LPN Independence, MO HWY 24 (FT) - $500 SIGN ON BO (JC156101855)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: CVS HealthLocation: Independence, MO
Job Description
$500 Sign-On Bonus for qualified new hires!
Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) in expanded scope clinics is an integral part of the clinic team inside of MinuteClinic. Under the supervision of a MinuteClinic Nurse Practitioner or Physician Assistant, the LPN/LVN will advance the evidence based…
Parts Delivery (JC156160358)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: O'Reilly Automotive Stores, IncLocation: INDEPENDENCE, MO
Our Parts Delivery drivers provide excellent customer service through the safe and efficient delivery of parts and products to our professional customers using a company provided vehicle. Our drivers are also responsible for the cleanliness and standard maintenance of delivery vehicles as well as observing company safety procedures. You will…
AI/ML Program Manager IV (E4) (JC154437609)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: Applied MaterialsLocation: Independence, MO
APG AI/ML organization is looking for a Program Manager to lead cross-functional initiatives supporting the R&D and infrastructure projects across the APG Engineering organizations. We are looking for a creative and forward thinker who can shape the future. We are looking for passionate leader who can thrive in solving complex…
Healthcare Sales Account Liaison - Home Health and Hospice S (JC154147586)
Last Updated: 2020-04-05
Employer: ProMedica Health SystemLocation: Independence, MO
Heartland Home Health Care and Hospice is part of the HCR ManorCare family, a leading provider of home health care, hospice care, skilled nursing, memory care and post-acute care.
The Account Liaison role is a performance-based health care sales position and is responsible for generating business and meeting targets from…
- Registered Apprenticeship


text:
TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS NOTE MX-5000 Soldering and Rework System
- Tracy Hart
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS NOTE MX-5000 Soldering and Rework System Surface Mount Removal Techniques Using MX-5000 Soldering and Rework System ABSTRACT This Technical Note outlines, step by step, the easiest ways to remove and replace surface mount devices, using the lowest possible temperatures with an MX-5000 Soldering and Rework System. Specifically, this document discusses: Removal and replacement of discrete and passive components (capacitors, resistors, SOTs) Removal of two-sided components (SOICs, SOJs, TSOPs) Removal of quad components (PLCCs, QFPs) Replacement of quad components including fine-pitched devices These tasks can all be accomplished using a Metcal Advanced Handpiece (MX-H1-AV) or standard MX-500 MX-RM3E Hand-piece in conjunction with the MX Removal of some components may also be achieved using Metcal's MX-PTZ Hand-piece, or the MX-H2-UF Metcal UltraFine Hand-piece which uses UltraFine soldering cartridges (UFTC). Skills and techniques are designed to provide even the least experienced operator the power to perform some of the most difficult rework tasks in electronics today. By using lower temperatures, SmartHeat Technology offers a means of rework that is safer for today's smaller, densely populated, heat sensitive circuit boards and components. TABLE OF CONTENTS Removing Discrete and Passive Components... 2 Replacing Discrete Components... 3 Removal of SOICs, SOJs, and TSOP Pad Clean Up and Preparation... 8 Replacing Two and Four-Sided Components... 9 Replacing Standard Pitch Gull Wing Components... 9 Replacing Fine Pitch Gull Wing Components Removing Shorts Between Gull-Wing Leads Removing Four-Sided Components Replacing J-Leaded Components Removing Shorts From J-Leaded Components Reworking devices on densely populated boards Cartridges Part Number Code System
2 REMOVING DISCRETE AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS Removing a CHIP CAP With a Metcal MX-H1-AV Advanced Hand-piece The Metcal systems offer a wide range of surface mount cartridges to remove small, discrete components such as 0805, 1206, 1210, 1808, 1812 or SOT-23. Metcal calls these cartridges their slot cartridges" and in most cases the slot is sized to match the lead width of the component. You must match the correct cartridge with the component you are removing. In a few cases, the slot of a larger cartridge can be tinned with wire solder to fill the void allowing it to be used to remove a component whose footprint is slightly smaller. 1. Choose the correct cartridge from the list below. Dim A mm (") Dim B mm (") Dim D mm (") SMTC-x05 Cartridge, Slot, SOT (0.068) 2.5 (0.100) 1.27 (0.050) A SMTC-x96 Cartridge, Slot, Chip 0402, (0.070) 1.0 (0.040) 1.0 (0.040) SMTC-x01 Cartridge, Slot, Chip (0.090) 1.3 (0.050) 1.8 (0.070) SMTC-x02 Cartridge, Slot, Chip 1206, (0.140) 1.5 (0.060) 1.8 (0.070) SMTC-x03 Cartridge, Slot, Chip 1808, (0.190) 2.0 (0.080) 1.9 (0.075) Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. D B The full listing of slot cartridges can be found at 2. Choose the correct cartridge temperature for the removal task. When choosing the temperature, it is always best to choose the lowest temperature possible to accomplish the job. Metcal offers cartridges in 500, 600, 700 and certain 800 Series heaters. In most lead free cases, a 600 Series cartridge is sufficient to do the job. An exception would be when the printed circuit board (PCB) has a heavy ground plane and the component circuitry, or traces, are attached to that plane. In this case, use a 700 Series. If you think you need a 800 Series cartridge, call your local Metcal Representative or Distributor to be sure that your application warrants it. With the correct geometry 700 series should work even with lead free applications. 3. Metcal's slot cartridges may take seconds to heat to their designed temperature using the MX-5000 power supply. After allowing the cartridge to heat, tin the inside edges of the cartridge. Tinning the inside performs two functions. First, it assists heat delivery for quicker removal. Second, the solder on the inside edges will help pick the component off the board once it is reflowed. 4. Bring the cartridge down directly over the fluxed component so the inside edges make direct contact with the leads of the part. 5. Allow the cartridge to reflow the solder completely on both sides of the component. This requires a minimal degree of skill and judgment. 6. When you are certain it is completely reflowed, slightly twist the cartridge slightly in a circular motion and lift simultaneously. This action is necessary to break the surface tension bond of the solder or glue that has been holding the component to the lands. By being patient and allowing sufficient time for the solder joints to reflow completely, you reduce your risk of lifted pads. On the smaller discrete components, this generally means just two to three seconds. However, many printed circuit boards now have components mounted on both the top and bottom. When discrete components are mounted on the bottom of a PCB, they are usually secured with a chip-bonder epoxy. This will cause reflow to take a few seconds longer. Now you not only have to reflow the solder joints, but you must also melt or soften the epoxy by transferring the heat through the body of the component. Don't worry. The additional reflow time is never more than a couple of seconds. 7. After you have removed the component off the board, wipe it on the wet sponge or brass tip cleaning pad to dislodge it from the cartridge. Do not tap the cartridge on the workstand, as that may cause damage to the heater in the cartridge. 2
3 Removing CHIP CAP s With A MX-PTZ Precision Tweezers Hand-piece The MX-PTZ Precision Tweezers offer a versatile option for removal of components with the PTTC Series of cartridges from 0.4mm tip to 7mm tips. Select the correct tweezers cartridges from the chart below (note these are fine tips, 0.4mm 1.27mm ): PTTC-x01B Cartridge, Tweezer, Bent, 0.4mm (0.016") Pair The PTTC-x01B is only available in 700 Series PTTC-x01 Cartridge, Tweezer, Conical, 0.4mm (0.016") Pair PTTC-x02 Cartridge, Tweezer, Blade, 1.27mm (0.05") Pair Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. These cartridges are designed for the removal, and sometimes placement, of 0402 chips. The larger PTTC-x07 (7mm) tweezer cartridges are suitable for the removal of larger, two sided components such as SO IC s. First, we will look at chip removal. 1. Select the most suitable PTTC tweezer cartridges to suit the application. Ensure that the point or blades of the tweezer cartridge are truly aligned using the X and Y axis adjustments on the PTZ Hand-piece. X&Y adjustments for blade alignment, for easy removal of components. 2. Flux the component to be removed. 3. Apply the PTTC tweezers tips to the component ensuring that all pads are in direct contact with the tweezers. Allow a few seconds for the heat to transfer to the entire component and, once the solder is melted gently squeeze the tweezers and lift the component away from the pads. Again, this requires a minimal degree of skill and judgment. Note: Patience is the key to ensuring that ALL leads of the device are in reflow, trying to raise the device prematurely could result in damaged pads. Replacing Discrete Components Metcal suggests using a fine-point cartridges such as the SMTC-1171 for soldering small discrete components. Choose the correct tip from the cartridge list from the charts below. Note: to ensure a good thermal transfer, the cartridge surface should have a close a match as possible to the working area. Power Tips These have been specifically designed to assist with thermally demanding lead free applications. For example, the STTCx45P has the same face dimensions as an STTC-x45, but with a shorter profile. And, the Power Tips will perform considerably better than a long thin version of the same tip and heater configuration. 3
4 STTC-x45P Cartridge, Conical, 0.4mm (0.016") STTC-x01P Cartridge, Conical, 1mm (0.04") STTC-x25P Cartridge, Chisel, 1mm (0.04"), 30 STTC-x38P Cartridge, Chisel, 1.5mm (0.06"), 30 STTC-x37P Cartridge, Chisel, 1.78mm (0.07"), 30 STTC-x47P Cartridge, Bevel, 1.78mm (0.07"), 60 STTC-x36P Cartridge, Chisel, 2.5mm (0.1"), 30 STTC-x173P Cartridge, Knife, 5mm (0.2") Chisel Cartridges * Indicates a power version of this tip exists in above chart. STTC-x25* Cartridge, Chisel, 1mm (0.04"), 30.36".04" 9.1mm 1.0mm STTC-x38* Cartridge, Chisel, 1.35mm (0.053"), 30.06" 1.5mm.39" 9.9mm STTC-x37* Cartridge, Chisel, 1.78mm (0.07"), 30.39".07" 9.9mm 1.78mm STTC-x36* Cartridge, Chisel, 2.5mm (0.1"), 30 Bevel Cartridges * Indicates a power version of this tip exists in above chart. STTC-x24 Cartridge, Bevel, 1mm (0.04"), 30 STTC-x47* Cartridge, Bevel, 1.78mm (0.07"), 60 STTC-x14 Cartridge, Bevel, 2mm (0.08"), 45.04" 30.36" 1.0mm 9.1mm 60.07" 1.78mm.56" 14.2mm.19" 4.7mm.08" 1.0mm 2.03mm.04" STTC-x46 Cartridge, Bevel, Long, 1mm (0.04"), 60.02".51mm 60.56" 14.2mm Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. 4
5 Working with Ceramic Capacitors and Sensitive Components You should select the lowest temperature cartridge possible to achieve the required solder joint when working with ceramic parts. Ceramics are more susceptible to thermal shock and by following a few simple steps you can virtually eliminate this risk to your components. In addition, by using a lower temperature cartridge, you will significantly increase your cartridge life. If any thermal challenges are found, and the temperature of the tip needs to be kept low, use a convection preheater such as the PCT-1000 Programmable Preheater or PCT-100 Focused Convection Preheater to provide supplemental heat energy from the bottom of the PCB as shown later in this document. The use of bottom side preheating will aid reflow considerably with 500 and 600 series heater cartridges. For those that need to active a low solder joint temperature for sensitive chip components under 265 C C (509 F-518 F) this can be evaluated with 500 series tips and preheater. 1. Clean the old solder from the pads of the component you just removed. Use a standard chisel or hoof tip soldering cartridge which best suits the pad size and a suitable solder braid. The ideal size tip. The closer the match in size increases thermal transfer and reduces the potential of abrasion to the PCB Solder resist. 2. Apply flux to the pads to ensure that the pads are free from oxidization and other contaminates. 3. Place the new component, holding it in place with a pair of tweezers or wooden stick (tooth picks / orangewood sticks are used by some operators). 4. Use a fine point cartridge to solder the leads to the pads. The cartridge should be placed at the junction where the lead meets the pad. This is the correct IPC method for making the solder joint and it allows the cartridge to ramp up the temperature of the component. Avoid placing the cartridge directly on the lead; placing the cartridge on the lead may thermally shock the component, or take longer than necessary to transfer the heat to the pad. Place the tip between the part and the pad and apply solder to the two points. Solder must not flow over the top of the chip components. 5. After you have made the first solder joint, check component alignment and solder the other leads in the same manner. REMOVAL OF SOIC s, SOJ s, AND TSOP s using the Metcal Advanced Handpiece (MX-H1-AV ) or MX-RM3E (standard MX-500 hand-piece) Removing multi-leaded two sided components is very similar to removing discrete components when using SMTC tips. The choice of cartridge, however, is more crucial. Each SMTC removal cartridge that Metcal makes is component specific. If you remove many different two-sided components every day, you may want to consider using the MX-PTZ Precision Tweezers, which will work with both the MX-500P and MX-PS5000 Power Supplies. Select the correct cartridge from the list below Item Description Dim A mm (") Dim A2 mm (") Dim B mm (") Dim D mm (") SMTC-x42 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC (0.520) (0.520) (0.805) 3.18 (0.125) SMTC-x06 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC -14, (0.200) 5.08 (0.200) (0.400) 2.30 (0.90) SMTC-x04 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC (0.200) 5.08 (0.200) 4.32 (0.170) 2.30 (0.90) SMTC-x142 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC (0.204) 5.18 (0.204) 8.90 (0.350) 2.50 (0.100) SMTC-x20 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOMC (0.270) 6.86 (0.270) (0.440) 2.30 (0.090) 5
6 Item Description Dim A mm (") Dim A2 mm (") Dim B mm (") Dim D mm (") SMTC-x138 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOP (0.270) 6.86 (0.270) 7.24 (0.285) 2.50 (0.100) SMTC-x124 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOJ (0.320) 8.13 (0.320) (0.470) 6.86 (0.270) SMTC-x47 Cartridge, Tunnel, DPAK 8.50 (0.335) 8.50 (0.335) 6.35 (0.250) 5.00 (0.200) SMTC-x26 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOJ-28, SOM (0.340) 8.00 (0.315) ( 0.740) 1.88 (0.074) SMTC-x10 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC (0.375) 9.53 (0.375) (0.520) 3.20 (0.125) SMTC-x09 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC (0.375) 9.53 (0.375) (0.620) 3.20 (0.125) SMTC-x07 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOIC (0.375) 9.53 (0.375) (0.720) 3.20 (0.125) SMTC-x107 Cartridge, Tunnel, SO (0.380) 8.10 (0.320) (0.750) 6.10 (0.240) SMTC-x40 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOJ-40. SOM (0.450) (0.410) (1.02) 1.90 (0.075) SMTC-x83 Cartridge, Tunnel, SOP (0.565) (0.510) (1.07) 2.70 (0.105) Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. 1. Choose the correct cartridge temperature. Again, Metcal makes different temperature Series for these removal cartridges, but we suggest using a 600 or 700 Series heaters for most applications. Exceptions would be heavy ground plane boards or components that are much larger and more dense. If 800 series cartridges are selected, tip life will be shorter and good tip care is essential, See Metcal tip care guide (the use of a convection preheater PCT 100 or PCT 1000 should also be considered as opposed to 800 series heaters.) Preheating a FR-4 PCB to 60-80ºc, will increase productivity and lower the required tip temperature which is safer for the application and increases tip life. Preheating ceramic or military substrates to 100ºC and polyimide PCBs to 120ºC will increase productivity and allow lower soldering cartridge temperatures to be selected, protecting the PCB as well as increasing tip life. 2. After inserting the cartridge and allowing it to heat, fully tin the inside edges of the cartridge with wire solder. Apply flux to the component leads. 3. Bring the cartridge straight down on top of the leads of the component. Make sure that you have contact with all the leads. 4. Leave the cartridge on the leads without rocking or twisting the cartridge on the component. An approximate time would be two second to 8 seconds for removal. Patience is the key to not lifting a pad. 5. Once you are certain all leads are reflowed, use a slight twisting and wiping motion to remove the component off the board. The surface tension of the cartridge's tinned edges will hold the component in the cartridge. 6. Wipe the component on the Damp sponge or brass pad to dislodge it from the cartridge. 7. Re apply solder to tin the tip before replacing it in the stand to reduce oxidization of the soldering surfaces. 6
7 REMOVING SOIC s, SOJ s, AND TSOP s WITH THE MX-PTZ PRECISION TWEEZERS 1. Select the most suitable PTTC Tweezer Cartridges to suit the component to be removed from the chart below. These are large tip tweezers 2mm 28mm. PTTC-x03 Cartridge, Tweezer, Blade, 2mm (0.08") Pair PTTC-x08B Cartridge, Tweezer, 3.2mm (0.12"), Pair PTTC-x04 Cartridge, Tweezer, Blade, 6.35mm (0.25") Pair PTTC-x05 Cartridge, Tweezer, Blade, 15.75mm (0.62") Pair PTTC-x06 Cartridge, Tweezer, Blade, 20.6mm (0.8") Pair PTTC-x07 Cartridge, Tweezer, Blade, 28mm (1.1") Pair Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. Ensure that the blades are truly aligned using the X and Y axis adjustments on the MX-PTZ Hand-piece as shown previously on page Flux the component to be removed. Gel flux is also a good option to consider in fine rework applications as it aids in the transfer of heat to the component faster than liquid flux, this is because of better surface coverage on leads than liquid flux. Gel flux is available from most solder paste suppliers 3. Do not mix lead-free and leaded fluxes (lead-free PCB reworked with leaded flux, will contaminate the PCB, you must use lead-free flux used with lead-free solder wick). If flux types are mixed, contamination can occur and undesirable residues left on the PCB, which can be difficult to remove and may become conductive or aggressive with age. Sometimes this is shown as a white powder like material left on surface of PCB. 4. Apply the PTTC Tweezers to the component ensuring that all leads are in direct contact with the tweezers. Allow a few seconds for the heat to transfer to the entire component and, once in reflow, gently squeeze the tweezers and lift the component away from the PCB. Again, this requires a minimal degree of skill and judgment. Note: Patience is the key to ensuring that all leads of the device are in reflow, trying to raise the device prematurely could result in damaged pads. the use of a arm rest is also a useful tool. This is available as a separate tool for use with irons or tweezers. 7
8 Using a preheater to aid removal when using tweezers or tunnel tips will de crease time on the component and lower temperature tips can be used. PCT 100 Convection Preheater PCT-AR Arm rest is a useful tool, available separately. PAD CLEAN UP AND PREPARATION The following steps may be used for both two and four-sided components regardless of the lead configuration or pitch. You may use a blade cartridge in conjunction with solder braid to clean off the pads. Never use a solder cartridge or a blade with wick by dragging it down the row of pads with heavy pressure. The heat combined with the abrasive action of the wick may cause the epoxy holding the pads on the board to soften resulting in a lifted pad or trace. Once again the use of a preheater will allow lower temperature tips to be used, reducing potential damage, especially on large PCBs or large BGA matrices. 1. Metcal makes a range of SMTC blade cartridges for cleaning the old solder off the pads. Choose the size of blade cartridge that best fits the row of pads. Hoof tips are also used frequently and work well for small area clean up. Use as low a temperature cartridge as the PCB will allow. Selecting a higher temperature series cartridge will not necessarily remove the old solder more quickly, and the excess heat may burn the board or lift a pad. The power of the MX-5000 System will allow you to use lower temperatures than other soldering systems, and it is recommended to use the MX-5000 with 600 or 700 series cartridges and a preheater. 2. Flux the PCB and when BGA pad cleaning, first wipe the blade over the pads lightly to dome the pads to form a round dome (removing any spikes) before using solder wick. If the wick is pushed against a solder spike before solder melts this can cause pad crater or a lifted pad. For more information contact OkI for the PowerPoint on BGA Cleaning process improvements. 3. Additional flux may be required after the initial doming of the pads to ensure proper and efficient solder removal with the wick. 4. Also, adding gel flux to solder wick will increase performance considerable as this increase capillary action of solder being sucked into the wick. 5. Lay the wick along the row of pads. 6. Bring the blade down on the wick and give it two or three seconds to melt the solder. Using the beveled edge of the blade cartridge gives better surface contact and will make the job quicker. 7. Gently wipe the solder across the array of pads working the wick towards the inside of the component pattern. No pressure is required as the SmartHeat cartridge will maintain its temperature. Conventional soldering systems lose temperature which cools the tip, in turn operators tend to add additional pressure to clean pads, this is what damages solder resist and causes pad crater and pad lift. 8. If the row of pads is longer than the blade, repeat this process for the remaining pads. 9. Repeat all of the above steps for each side of the pad array. 8
9 Process Tip - Cut off excess wick each time cleaning is done, or the solder that will remain on the wick can attach to adjacent components causing damage or additional rework. This can also cause burns to the operator. Remember, cut the excess wick off when it is fully absorbed with solder. REPLACING TWO AND FOUR-SIDED COMPONENTS Metcal makes a number of Hoof cartridges for replacing multi-leaded components. The particular hoof should be selected depending on the number of leads or the lead pitch. The hoof cartridge is designed to solder a number of leads simultaneously by depositing solder directly on the face of the cartridge. Once you ve practiced a bit, you will find it is the easiest and fastest way to solder multi-leaded components. Replacing Standard Pitch SOIC and Gull Wing Components One third tinned hoof 1. Align the component to the pads on the board. 2. Making sure the number one lead is lined up with the number one pad, align the leads with the pads. Directly centre the leads onto the pads. 3. Holding the component steady with one hand, flux the opposing corner leads of the PCB. 4. Place enough solder onto the face of the cartridge so that it covers about one third of the cartridge. Keep the solder down towards the "toe" of the cartridge. 5. Bring the cartridge down and "paint" the leads where you applied the flux. The object here is to tack the part down, not make good solder joints. One Half tinned hoof 6. Wipe the excess solder from the cartridge. 7. Make sure that the face of the hoof is shiny and wettable. You will not get good results if the cartridge is oxidized. If solder balls up on the face you need to tin the cartridge. Once the cartridge is tinned and shiny the solder should flow on the cartridge. 8. Apply enough solder to cover approximately one-half of the cartridge. The amount of solder will vary with the number of leads you have. For fewer leads apply less solder. 9. Flux an entire row of leads at a time. Work with the row of leads going from left to right in front of you. Work from left to right if you are right handed and vice-versa. 10. Hold the cartridge so the toe of the hoof runs parallel along the row of leads. 11. Bring the cartridge in on a flat landing onto the first lead. Immediately begin running the cartridge down the row of leads drawing a straight line. 12. When you reach the end, wipe the cartridge down the lead towards you. It is common for the last two pins to bridge. To remove a bridge, place tip on last two pins and wipe at 90º to leads outwards, the bridge will be removed. If not, apply flux and try again. 13. Repeat these steps for each row of leads. Note: The angle of the cartridge should be parallel, but can be up to 30º for good results. If the toe of the hoof is the front, then the right side should make contact right at the bend of the leg of the lead. It should be held in that position for the entire process. If you are left-handed, it will be just the opposite. 30 The speed is more crucial than the angle. The speed should be steady and slow enough to deposit the solder from the cartridge onto each of the leads as you draw it across. An approximate time is one second per lead. As you get more comfortable with the procedure, the speed gets less crucial. Replacing Fine Pitch Gull Wing Components Drag solder method with blade tip 9
10 1. Alignment of fine pitch components can be tricky. Take your time to ensure proper alignment. It will make all the difference in your successful application of this technique. After alignment, tack the component as you would for a standard pitch part. Use a little less solder on the end of the cartridge for "painting" the leads. 2. Working with one row of leads at a time, apply flux to an entire row of leads. 3. Wipe all excess solder from the face and top of the cartridge and start with fresh solder. 4. Apply enough solder on the tip to use for one wipe of one complete side of that component. Not only will the number of leads vary the amount of solder, but the pitch of the leads will also. The finer the leads, the less solder you will need, if more solder is needed this should be repeated or added to tip during first wipe, some operators prefer to add more solder while wiping back and forth with a generous amounts of flux on the leads. 5. Immediately start drawing the cartridge down the row of leads until you reach the end. Do not stop and restart or you will get bridging. 6. Remember to hold the cartridge parallel to the leads or up to 30 and to keep it at the end of the leads. 7. As the pitch gets finer, you can work faster. But don't work too fast or you will get good toe solder joints but poor heel joints as the solder will not have time to flow under lead. Lead Free PB Lead F Good Joints Heel Toe Heel Toe 9. Repeat the steps for all sides of the component. Point to point method soldering Select the appropriately sized conical or bent conical tip to suit the pitch of the component being reworked. This can be a straight or conical cartridge depending on your preference. 1. Align the component into place, apply flux to 2 corners and tack into position. 2. Apply flux to an entire row of leads. 3. Working on one point at a time, apply the cartridge onto the toe of the lead and wipe the cartridge outwards. Repeat for each point. 4. Use a small conical or bent conical tip. 5. Cover the lead with half the width with solder wire. Wipe tip inwards from edge of pad with tip touching pad. 6. As tip touches solder it will flow Solder to the leads. Removing Shorts Between Gull Wing Leads Your chances of getting shorts or bridges between leads are greatly increased as the distance between the leads gets smaller. Working with fine pitch leads requires more skill and experience whether you are 10
11 reworking with one of Metcal's hoof cartridges or any other type of equipment. Removal of these shorts is very simple following these steps. 1. Use Metcal's SMTC-x167 or a suitable sized hoof cartridge from the chart above. Note: Having more heat at the cartridge makes removing shorts more difficult. 2. Apply flux to the bridged leads. 3. Wipe all excess solder from the face and the top of the Hoof cartridge. 4. Make sure the cartridge is shiny and wettable. 5. Bring the cartridge in with the flat surface, making contact with the bridge; again holding the cartridge parallel to the leads at a 30º angle to the PCB. 6. Wipe the bridge outwards and away from the component. 7. The excess solder on the joints will go naturally to the heat source - the cartridge. Look at the face of the hoof and you should see the excess solder. 8. If you did not get all of the bridge on the first try, wipe the excess solder from the cartridge and repeat the procedure and add additional flux. 9. If the bridge is extreme you can use your blade cartridge. First, wipe the blade free of solder on both edges. Then, using the beveled edged down, wipe the blade in the same manner down the fluxed leads. 10. For bridges on fine pitch components, the use of solder wick dipped into liquid flux can be an effective method of removal. Simply place the wick on the bridge, apply the soldering tip onto the wick, allow the solder to melt and flow into the wick and remove both together. 11. For very fine pitched applications, form the wick into a fine point and apply heat via soldering tip to the wick not the component lead. The solder will travel by capillary action away from the bridge. When performing these steps, if you leave the heat on the leads too long, the shorts will want to stay. This occurs when you have heated the leads and pads too much, causing them to act as the heat source instead of the cartridge. If this happens, allow the leads to cool down a little. Then try the procedure again. REMOVING FOUR-SIDED COMPONENTS Removing larger component packages will generally require more heat and the use of flux for the best and fastest results. In the two steps below; the application of flux and the wrapping of wire solder are optional. You should check your written procedures to see if these steps are permitted. Select the correct SMTC cartridge from the chart below Item Description Dim A2 mm (") Dim A mm (") Dim B2 mm (") Dim B mm (") Dim D mm (") SMTC-x118 Cartridge, Quad, VQFP (0.570) (0.610) (0.570) (0.610) 2.79 (0.110) SMTC-x12 Cartridge, Quad, PLCC (0.360) (0.400) 9.14 (0.360) (0.400) 3.80 (0.150) SMTC-x120 Cartridge, Quad, SQFP (0.440) (0.440) (0.440) (0.440) 2.54 (0.100) SMTC-x121 Cartridge, Quad, SQFP (0.330) 8.38 (0.330) 8.38 (0.330) 8.38 (0.330) 2.54 (0.100) 11
12 Item Description Dim A2 mm (") Dim A mm (") Dim B2 mm (") Dim B mm (") Dim D mm (") SMTC-x13 Cartridge, Quad, PLCC (0.455) (0.500) (0.455) (0.500) 3.80 (0.150) SMTC-x14 Cartridge, Quad, PLCC (0.660) (0.700) (0.660) (0.700) 3.80 (0.150) SMTC-x159 Cartridge, Quad, TQFP (0.440) (0.480) (0.480) (0.520) 2.79 (0.110) SMTC-x16 Cartridge, Quad, PLCC (0.450) (0.500) (0.550) (0.600) 3.81 (0.150) SMTC-x17 Cartridge, Quad, PLCC (0.760) (0.800) (0.760) (0.800) 3.81 (0.150) SMTC-x21 Cartridge, Quad, QFP (0.635) (0.635) (0.635) (0.635) 3.30 (0.130) Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. 1. This is the one time Metcal suggests using higher temperature 700 or 800 series cartridges; it will make a tremendous difference in removal time. Remember: it is not only the temperature you put on the board that counts. It is the temperature plus the amount of time it is left on there that makes the difference. By removing the component faster, you reduce the chances of thermal damage. 2. If the component cannot be removed easily in seconds then this may cause excessive heating of the component leads and might result in a pad being lifted or damaged more easily. The use of a convection preheater can reduce the temperature and the process time if parts and substrate are thermally demanding; preheat the FR-4 PCB to C and polyimide, ceramic and military substrates C. Example below PCT 1000 Convection Preheater 3. Allow the cartridge to heat fully. This is important, because if it is not up to full temperature your removal time will be increased. 4. Tin all inside edges of the cartridge. Just like your blade or hoof cartridge, the removal cartridges must remain shiny and wettable. If you try removing a component with a cartridge that is partially oxidized the reflow will take longer. This increases the chances of lifting pads because you will see some leads being reflowed appropriately. Those leads will be the areas of the cartridge that were tinned. The sections of the cartridge that were oxidized will take longer to reflow and you may lift pads trying to remove the component before it is ready. NOTE: If your cartridge is oxidized, or if there are flux residues prohibiting you from tinning the cartridge, use a brass brush (AC-BRUSH) to clean the inside edges. Heat the cartridge and wipe edges with the brush 12
13 5. Flux all sides of the component. 6. Take some wire solder (.025 or.031 works best) and wrap it around the leads of the component. On J-leaded components this step is easy. The wire will wrap easily around the leads and stay in place. On gull-winged parts it is a little more difficult. Here's a hint. Try sticking the end of the solder behind the legs on one corner of the component and anchor the wire there. Then wrap the wire around the outside of the legs. This will help hold it in place. Solder tucked into one corner under gull wing QFP lead 7. Bring the cartridge straight down on top of the part, making full contact on all four sides of the leads. 8. Hold the cartridge in place without moving back and forth or rocking for about seconds. Once you practice this step a little, you will get a feel for the reflow and you will actually find it to be a little faster. 9. When you are certain you have full reflow, twist the handle between your thumb and forefinger just slightly. If you do have complete reflow you will feel the component move. If you do not, the cartridge will twist in the handle. This is a built in mechanism to prevent you from removing a component that is not ready, thereby decreasing the chances for lifting pads. 10. If you feel the component move, wipe it to one side just slightly and lift simultaneously. The component should be held in the tinned cartridge with surface tension. Some operators also use manual tweezers as a lifting aid. 11. Remove the component immediately by wiping it on the sponge or the brass tip cleaning pad. REPLACING J-LEADED COMPONENTS WITH A KNIFE TIP If components are too tightly packed for access with the hoof tip, you may need to use one of Metcal s knife cartridges: SMTC-x172 Cartridge, Hook, Long, 0.5mm (0.02") SMTC-x171 Cartridge, Conical, Bent, 0.76mm (0.03") SMTC-x161 Cartridge, Knife, Thin Tin Length, 4.8mm (0.18") SMTC-x173 Cartridge, Knife, Wide Tin Length, 4.8mm (0.18") 13
14 Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. Doing multi-lead soldering of J-leaded components is best achieved with the knife cartridge. First, you ll need to tack the component in place. Follow these steps: 1. Flux the pads on opposing corners. 2. Make sure your cartridge is clean and wettable and apply solder to the bottom edge of the knife tip only on the side that will contact the leads. 3. Align the component to the board number one lead to number one pad. 4. Bring the cartridge in with the toe flat, meeting the lead and the fluxed pad at the same time. 5. Continue to hold the part with the finger and repeat this for the opposite corner pads. 6. Now the component should be fixed firmly on at least two corners. The solder joints won t look good, but their function is merely to hold the component while soldering. Now you are ready to solder. Work with one side at a time. 7. Wipe the tip free of excess solder. You need to make sure that the tip is shiny and wettable. 8. Apply solder to the bottom edge of the knife cartridge only on the side that will contact the leads. 9. Apply flux to the rest of the pads to be soldered on that side 10. Work with the component leads in front of you going from left to right. If you are right handed start soldering from the far left lead. If you are left handed, work in reverse. 11. Bring the cartridge with the bottom edge in light contact with the pads, tilting in under the leads a little bit if possible. Err to the side of tilting the heel of the knife up a little bit to avoid catching the edge of a pad with it. The flatter the knife is to the board, the better the solder joint will be. 12. You will see the solder wick right down the leads, depositing an even amount to each lead. It will appear to short until you draw the tip down the row further. If the right amount of solder is used at the right speed then there should be no shorts. 13. If you added too little solder to the cartridge, you may run out before you reach the end of the row. If this happens, flux from where you ran to the end of the row, apply some further solder to the bottom of the knife and continue the process from where you left off. Removing Shorts from J-Leaded Components 1. Apply flux to the bridged leads. 2. Wipe all solder from the knife face. 3. Bring the knife cartridge in with the face flat on the pad and lift vertically. Repeat until all bridges are removed. Reworking Ultra Fine Devices on Densely Populated Boards With the size of components becoming smaller, the requirement for precision soldering is increasingly important. As a solution, Metcal developed the UltraFine Hand-piece and UFTC cartridges (Ultra fine Tip Cartridge). The hand-piece and cartridges are around 1/3 the size of the standard MX-RM3E handpiece and STTC cartridges, allowing for access to the most intricate PCB s without compromising performance. UFTC-xCN01 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Conical 0.13mm x 5.1mm (0.005" x 0.2") UFTC-xCN02 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Conical 0.2mm x 5mm (0.01" x 0.2") UFTC-xCN04 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Conical 0.4mm x 5mm (0.02" x 0.2") 14
15 UFTC-xCNL04 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Conical, Long 0.4mm x 9mm (0.02" x 0.31") UFTC-xCNB02 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Conical, Bent 0.2mm x 5.5mm (0.01" x 0.22") UFTC-xCNB04 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Conical, Bent 0.4mm x 5.5mm (0.02" x 0.22") UFTC-xCH06 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Chisel 0.6mm x 5.1mm (0.024" x 0.2") UFTC-xCH08 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Chisel 0.8mm x 5.1mm (0.03" x 0.2") UFTC-xCH12 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Chisel 1.2mm x 5mm (0.05" x 0.2") UFTC-xCHL06 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Chisel, Long 0.6mm x 9mm (0.024" x 0.35") UFTC-xCHL08 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Chisel, Long 0.8mm x 9mm (0.03" x 0.35") UFTC-xDRH408 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Hoof, Micro 0.8mm x 5.1mm (0.03" x 0.2") UFTC-xDRH412 UltraFine Tip Cartridge, Hoof, Micro 1.2mm x 5.1mm (0.048" x 0.2") Please see the Cartridges Part Number Code System chart of page 15 for temperature designation and geometry. The UFTC fine tip cartridges are very useful for reworking ultra fine devices found on pacemakers, and hearing aids. The example shown is a 0.4mm pitch connector on cell phone. Tip UFTC-CNO2 soldering 0.4mm very fine IC 10 pin. Face area of tip is 0.2mm x 5mm (0.008mils x 196 mils). Component is 1.65mm x 0.88mm (65 mils x 35 mil). The shaft diameter of an UFTC is only 3mm, compared to shaft of an STTC cartridge which is 4.8mm. In addition, the length of the UFTC Cartridge is shorter, for even more accessibility and control. 17cm (6.75") STTC 4.8mm shaft Tooth pick 2.5mm 15cm (4.75") UFTC 3.00mm shaft 15
16 The size of the UFTC cartridge makes it easy to use in very restricted areas and under microscopes. CARTRIDGES PART NUMBER CODE SYSTEM Example: Type Temperature Designation Geometry STTC- x 36 Cartridge Series Temperature Designations where x = STTC SMTC UFTC n/a n/a 7 n/a PTTC n/a STDC n/a 0 7* 8 Where * shown, x = 1 n/a = not applicable To learn more about MX-5000 Soldering, Desoldering and Rework Systems, visit 16
METCAL MX-5000. Soldering, Desoldering and Rework System. Power. Precision. Performance.
METCAL MX-5000 Soldering, Desoldering and Rework System Power. Precision. Performance. Power. Precision. Performance. Today, the main challenges for hand soldering and rework are driven by three factors.More information
DVD-111C Advanced Hand Soldering Techniques
DVD-111C Advanced Hand Soldering Techniques Below is a copy of the narration for DVD-111C. The contents for this script were developed by a review group of industry experts and were based on the best availableMore information
Hand Soldering Basics
Technical Note Hand Soldering Basics Table of Contents Abstract...1 Process Control...1 Tip Selection...2 Temperature Selection...3 Flux Selection...4 Soldering Techniques...5 Soldering Iron Tip PlatingMore information
Electronics and Soldering Notes
Electronics and Soldering Notes The Tools You ll Need While there are literally one hundred tools for soldering, testing, and fixing electronic circuits, you only need a few to make robot. These toolsMore information
SMD Soldering Guide by Infidigm
SMD Soldering Guide by Infidigm Purpose The purpose of this guide is to introduce SMD (Surface Mount Device) hand soldering. The guide is organized into different methods. Each method is used specificallyMore information
CYGNAL Application Note
AN014 - Hand Soldering Tutorial for Fine Pitch QFP Devices Scope CYGNAL Application Note This document is intended to help designers create their initial prototype systems using Cygnal's TQFP and LQFPMore information
RS232/DB9 An RS232 to TTL Level Converter
RS232/DB9 An RS232 to TTL Level Converter The RS232/DB9 is designed to convert TTL level signals into RS232 level signals. This cable allows you to connect a TTL level device, such as the serial port onMore information
Soldering Techniques N I A G A R A C O L L E G E T E C H N O L O G Y D E P T.
Soldering Techniques N I A G A R A C O L L E G E T E C H N O L O G Y D E P T. Soldering 101 Soldering is the process of joining two metals together to form an electrically and mechanically secure bondMore information
What is surface mount?
A way of attaching electronic components to a printed circuit board The solder joint forms the mechanical and electrical connection What is surface mount? Bonding of the solder joint is to the surfaceMore information
Recommended Soldering Techniques for ATC 500 Series Capacitors
Recommended Soldering Techniques for ATC 500 Series Capacitors ATC# 001-884 Rev. D; 10/05 1.0. SCOPE. The following procedures have been successful in soldering ATC500 series capacitors to both soft andMore information
AN114. Scope. Safety. Materials H AND SOLDERING TUTORIAL FOR FINE PITCH QFP DEVICES. Optional. Required. 5. Solder flux - liquid type in dispenser
H AND SOLDERING TUTORIAL FOR FINE PITCH QFP DEVICES Scope This document is intended to help designers create their initial prototype systems using Silicon Lab's TQFP and LQFP devices where surface mountMore information
The Alphabet soup of IPC Specifications. 340 Raleigh Street Holly Springs, NC 27540
The Alphabet soup of IPC Specifications 340 Raleigh Street Holly Springs, NC 27540 http://www.circuittechnology.com (919) 552 3434 About the IPC IPC-the electronics industry standard Founded in 1957 asMore information
Solder Reflow Guide for Surface Mount Devices
June 2015 Introduction Technical Note TN1076 This technical note provides general guidelines for a solder reflow and rework process for Lattice surface mount products. The data used in this document isMore information
DVD-15C Soldering Iron Tip Care
DVD-15C Soldering Iron Tip Care Below is a copy of the narration for DVD-15C. The contents for this script were developed by a review group of industry experts and were based on the best available knowledgeMore information
HOT BAR REFLOW SOLDERING FUNDAMENTALS. A high quality Selective Soldering Technology
HOT BAR REFLOW SOLDERING FUNDAMENTALS A high quality Selective Soldering Technology Content 1. Hot Bar Reflow Soldering Introduction 2. Application Range 3. Process Descriptions > Flex to PCB > Wire toMore information
Preface xiii Introduction xv 1 Planning for surface mount design General electronic products 3 Dedicated service electronic products 3 High-reliability electronic products 4 Defining the environmentalMore information
Selective Soldering Defects and How to Prevent Them
Selective Soldering Defects and How to Prevent Them Gerjan Diepstraten Vitronics Soltec BV Introduction Two major issues affecting the soldering process today are the conversion to lead-free solderingMore information
SMD Rework Station TABLE OF CONTENTS
SMD Rework Station Thank you for purchasing the Hakko 50B SMD Rework Station. The Hakko 50B is designed to solder and desolder surface mounted devices with hot air. Please read this manual before operatingMore information
Assembly of LPCC Packages AN-0001
Assembly of LPCC Packages AN-0001 Surface Mount Assembly and Handling of ANADIGICS LPCC Packages 1.0 Overview ANADIGICS power amplifiers are typically packaged in a Leadless Plastic Chip Carrier (LPCC)More information
This test consists of twenty multiple-choice questions. All questions are from the video: Soldering Terminals (DVD-18C). Each question has only one most correct answer. Use the Answer Sheet and circleMore information
1.Introduction. Introduction. Most of slides come from Semiconductor Manufacturing Technology by Michael Quirk and Julian Serda.
.Introduction If the automobile had followed the same development cycle as the computer, a Rolls- Royce would today cost $00, get one million miles to the gallon and explode once a year Most of slidesMore information
BGA - Ball Grid Array Inspection Workshop. Bob Willis leadfreesoldering.com
BGA - Ball Grid Array Inspection Workshop Bob Willis leadfreesoldering.com Mixed Technology Assembly Processes Adhesive Dispensing Component Placement Adhesive Curing Turn Boar Over Conventional InsertionMore information
Application Note. Soldering Methods and Procedures for 1st and 2nd Generation Power Modules. Overview. Analysis of a Good Solder Joint
Soldering Methods and Procedures for 1st and 2nd Generation Power Modules Overview This document is intended to provide guidance in utilizing soldering practices to make high quality connections of VicorMore information
Customer Service Note Lead Frame Package User Guidelines
Customer Service Note Lead Frame Package User Guidelines CSN30: Lead Frame Package User Guidelines Introduction Introduction When size constraints allow, the larger-pitched lead-frame-based package designMore information
PCB inspection is more important today than ever before!
PCB inspection is more important today than ever before! Industry experts continue to stress the need to inspect hidden solder joints! Figure 1. The BGA package has not been placed into the paste deposit.More information
Reballing Rework Bright New Future
Reballing Rework Bright New Future Components are continuing to evolve. One of those evolutions is the Ball Grid Array or BGA. Add in the advent of the RoHS and WEEE directives and rework of the BGA isMore information
Molded. By July. A chip scale. and Omega. Guidelines. layer on the silicon chip. of mold. aluminum or. Bottom view. Rev. 1.
Application Note PAC-006 By J. Lu, Y. Ding, S. Liu, J. Gong, C. Yue July 2012 Molded Chip Scale Package Assembly Guidelines Introduction to Molded Chip Scale Package A chip scale package (CSP) has directMore information
Application Note AN-0994 Maximizing the Effectiveness of your SMD Assemblies
Application Note AN-0994 Maximizing the Effectiveness of your SMD Assemblies Table of Contents Page Method...2 Thermal characteristics of SMDs...2 Adhesives...4 Solder pastes...4 Reflow profiles...4 Rework...6More information
IPC DRM-SMT-F. Area Array Components Chip Components J-Lead Components Gull Wing Components Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Photos
1 IPC 2015 3000 Lakeside Drive, Suite 309-S Bannockburn, IL 60015-1219 +1 847.615.7100 (tel.) +1 847.615.7105 (fax) www.ipc.org email: email@example.com Association Connecting Electronics Industries AllMore information
FREEBIRD THE ORIGINAL D.I.Y. ORNITHOPTER! Tools and Glue. Required Materials
Do not try to make your ornithopter using "household materials". If you want it to fly, you have to build it right. FREEBIRD THE ORIGINAL D.I.Y. ORNITHOPTER! Wingspan: 16 inches Weight: 1/4 ounce The OrnithopterMore information
Basic soldering is a skill that's easy to learn and not too hard to master. It just takes practice.
From www.mediacollege.com How to Solder Basic soldering is a skill that's easy to learn and not too hard to master. It just takes practice. There is a huge range of soldered joints out there, from tinyMore information
Modifying the Yaesu FT-847 External 22.625 MHz Reference Input
Modifying the Yaesu FT-847 External 22.625 MHz Reference Input David Smith VK3HZ Introduction This document describes the modification of an FT-847 to allow an external 22.625 MHz Reference oscillatorMore information
Ball Grid Array (BGA) Technology
Chapter E: BGA Ball Grid Array (BGA) Technology The information presented in this chapter has been collected from a number of sources describing BGA activities, both nationally at IVF and reported elsewhereMore information
Soldering is easy. here's how to do it. Andie Nordgren (Comics adaptation) Jeff Keyzer. by: Mitch Altman (soldering wisdom) (Layout and editing)
Soldering is easy here's how to do it by: Mitch Altman (soldering wisdom) Andie Nordgren (Comics adaptation) Jeff Keyzer (Layout and editing) Download this comic book and share it with your friends! DistributeMore information
PCB Land Pattern Design and Surface Mount Guidelines for QFN Packages
PCB Land Pattern Design and Surface Mount Guidelines for QFN Packages Technical Brief 389 Authors: Mark Kwoka and Jim Benson Introduction Intersil's Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) package family offering is aMore information
Contents. Introduction... A Note About Heatsinks... Precautions...
Contents Introduction... A Note About Heatsinks... Precautions... Application Instructions... Heatsink Preparation... CPU Preparation... Tinting the Heatsink and Metal cap... Applying Thermal Compound...More information
Joule Thief 3.0 Kit. June 2012, Rev 1 1 http://www.easternvoltageresearch.com Joule Thief 3.0
Kit Instruction Manual Eastern Voltage Research, LLC June 2012, Rev 1 1 http://www.easternvoltageresearch.com HIGH BRIGHTNESS LED THIS KIT USES A 1W CREE, HIGH BRIGHTNESS LED. DO NOT STARE AT THIS (ORMore information
January 1999, ver. 3 Application Note 80. 1 Burn-in sockets are zero-insertion-force (ZIF) sockets that do not deform a device s leads.
Selecting Sockets for Altera Devices January 1999, ver. 3 Application Note 80 Introduction Surface-mount assembly places unique demands on the development and manufacturing process by requiring differentMore information
Wave Soldering Problems
Wave Soldering Problems What is a good joint? The main function of the solder is to make electrical interconnection, but there is a mechanical aspect: even where parts have been clinched or glued in position,More information
RoHS-Compliant Through-Hole VI Chip Soldering Recommendations
APPLICATION NOTE AN:017 RoHS-Compliant Through-Hole VI Chip Soldering Recommendations Ankur Patel Associate Product Line Engineer Contents Page Introduction 1 Wave Soldering 1 Hand Soldering 4 Pin/LeadMore information
Whole Hand Activities
Activities Walk & Flip 5 Baton Twirl Rotate the pencil in, around and between all your fingers like it was a baton. 10 Walk your fingers up the pencil (your index will look like an inchworm climbing theMore information
Ultra Reliable Embedded Computing
A VersaLogic Focus on Reliability White Paper Ultra Reliable Embedded Computing The Clash between IPC Class 3 Requirements and Shrinking Geometries Contents Introduction...1 Case in Point: IPC Class 3More information
Micrio WS1 Replacement Wind Speed Sensor and WC1 Replacement Wind Compass Sensor for Raymarine ST50 and ST60 Wind Instruments. Rev 4.
Micrio WS1 Replacement Wind Speed Sensor and WC1 Replacement Wind Compass Sensor for Raymarine ST50 and ST60 Wind Instruments. Rev 4.1 The Micrio WS1 Wind Speed Sensor and WC1 Compass Sensor are directMore information
Operation and Maintenance Manual for the SX-100, SX-90 & SX-80 Sodr-X-Tractor Handpieces. 5050-0492 Rev G
Operation and Maintenance Manual for the SX-100, SX-90 & SX-80 Sodr-X-Tractor Handpieces 5050-0492 Rev G Part Number Model Features 6010-0106-P1 SX-80/90 (Black connector) Handpiece Only 6010-0149-P1 SX-90More information
Collin's Lab: Soldering
Collin's Lab: Soldering Created by Collin Cunningham Last updated on 2015-11-30 11:50:08 AM EST Guide Contents Guide Contents Video Transcript Learn More Definition & Origin Other Soldering Methods DesolderingMore information
LEVEL I SKATING TECHNICAL. September 2007 Page 1
SKATING September 2007 Page 1 SKATING SKILLS The game of Ice Hockey is a fast-paced, complex, team sport, which demands quick thinking, fast reactions and special athletic skills. Skating is the most importantMore information
GT3B Hack Kit Install Instructions Written By Austin Hutchison
GT3B Hack Kit Install Instructions Written By Austin Hutchison Step 1: Remove 4 screws located on top of the radio. 1 Step 2: There are small plastic latches that also hold the top in place. The easiestMore information
Bob Willis leadfreesoldering.com
Assembly of Flexible Circuits with Lead-Free Solder Alloy Bob Willis leadfreesoldering.com Introduction to Lead-Free Assembly Video Clips Component www.bobwillis.co.uk/lead/videos/components.rm PrintedMore information
Reasons for reissue are in Section 6, REVISION SUMMARY.
Figure 1 This instruction sheet covers the application of OPTIMATE FSMA Fiber Optic Connector Types 905 and 906 for data and telecommunications applications. Base part numbers which apply to each typeMore information
Auditing Contract Manufacturing Processes
Auditing Contract Manufacturing Processes Greg Caswell and Cheryl Tulkoff Introduction DfR has investigated multiple situations where an OEM is experiencing quality issues. In some cases, the problem occursMore information
Adapters - Overview. Quick-Turn Solutions for IC Supply Issues
Adapters - Overview BGA to BGA Adapter BGA to PGA BGA to QFP BGA to BGA QFP to BGA SMT to DIP SMT to SMT PGA to PGA BGA to QFP Adapter with VR using FlexFrame Interconnect TSOP Adapter Packaged Die toMore information
(SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES) REPAIR S. WIERZBINSKI FEBRUARY 1999 (SURFACE MOUNTED DEVICES) REPAIR 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. ADVANTAGES 4 3. LIMITATIONS 4 4. DIALECT 5 5. SIZES AND DIMENSIONSMore information
Soldering. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
Soldering This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,More information
SURFACE MOUNT NOMENCLATURE AND PACKAGING Tel 800-776-9888 Email email@example.com w w w. t o p l i n e. t v Contents Overview... 3 Flat Chip... 4 MELF Components...10 Tantalum Capacitors.... 12 TransistorsMore information
Build Your Own Solar Car Teach build learn renewable Energy! Page 1 of 1
Solar Car Teach build learn renewable Energy! Page 1 of 1 Background Not only is the sun a source of heat and light, it s a source of electricity too! Solar cells, also called photovoltaic cells, are usedMore information
Using Stencils to Simplify the Printed Circuit Board Assembly Process
Using Stencils to Simplify the Printed Circuit Board Assembly Process Author: Nolan Johnson CAD/EDA Manager email@example.com The process of creating a prototype circuit board requires multiple phasesMore information
PCB Quality Inspection. Student Manual
PCB Quality Inspection Student Manual Unit 2: Inspection Overview Section 2.1: Purpose of Inspection What Is The Purpose of Inspection? There are 2 reasons why Inspection is performed: o To verify theMore information
Choosing a Stencil. By William E. Coleman, Ph.D. and Michael R. Burgess
Choosing a Stencil Is a stencil a commodity or a precision tool? A commodity is something that can be purchased from many suppliers, with the expectation that the performance will be the same. A precisionMore information
8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers. Application Note. Atmel AVR211: Wafer Level Chip Scale Packages
Atmel AVR211: Wafer Level Chip Scale Packages Features Allows integration using the smallest possible form factor Packaged devices are practically the same size as the die Small footprint and package heightMore information
CONDUCTORS Conductors are needed to complete the path for electrical current to flow from the power source to the working devices and back to the power source. Special wiring is needed for battery cablesMore information
VC 104+ Rigid Grade / Rigid Grade Imagine VC 104 Rigid Grade Commercial Customised
Page 1 of 6 instructions VC 104+ Rigid Grade / VC 104+ Rigid Grade Imagine / (for the rest of this document referred to as VC 104) can be applied to new and used trucks and trailers with painted rigidMore information
Edition 2012-032 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany 2013 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved.
Recommendations for Printed Circuit Board Assembly of Infineon Laminate Packages Additional Information DS1 2012-03 Edition 2012-032 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich, Germany 2013 InfineonMore information
Soldering Station. Note: A soldering tip is not included in this product. The tip of desired shape should be purchased separately.
Soldering Station Compact high-power thermally-controlled soldering iron Standard model that ensures high thermal recovery needed for lead-free soldering Supports the N 2 system. Model No. No. FX951 *More information
MOUNTING STRAIN GAGES TO THE LOAD CELL BODY Mounting strain gages to the load cell body is not a difficult task if the following suggested procedure is followed. It is important to recognize that the strainMore information
Den-on Rework Reference Process for Desktop platform and new Intel Socket LGA-1156 using the Den-on BGA rework station RD-500II and III
Den-on Rework Reference Process for Desktop platform and new Intel Socket LGA-1156 using the Den-on BGA rework station RD-500II and III *This document shows the whole process on how to repair the IntelMore information
The Three Heat Transfer Modes in Reflow Soldering
Section 5: Reflow Oven Heat Transfer The Three Heat Transfer Modes in Reflow Soldering There are three different heating modes involved with most SMT reflow processes: conduction, convection, and infraredMore information
ÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ PROUDLY MADE IN THE USA DASH KIT INSTALLATION These instructions are aimed at the do-it-yourself installer. ReadMore information
TOOLS FOR SELF RELIANCE REFURBISHING SHEET No 2. Registered Charity No 280437. Saws for Woodworking
Registered Charity No 280437 Saws for Woodworking Issued December 2002 Registered Charity No 280437 page no 1 SAW TYPES Rip saw For cutting along the grain Crosscut saw [A smaller version is known as aMore information
Good Boards = Results
Section 2: Printed Circuit Board Fabrication & Solderability Good Boards = Results Board fabrication is one aspect of the electronics production industry that SMT assembly engineers often know little about.More information
DVD-71C IPC-A-610E Common Inspection Errors
DVD-71C IPC-A-610E Common Inspection Errors Below is a copy of the narration for DVD-71C. The contents for this script were developed by a review group of industry experts and were based on the best availableMore information
Mounting Instructions for SP4 Power Modules
Mounting Instructions for SP4 Power Modules Pierre-Laurent Doumergue R&D Engineer Microsemi Power Module Products 26 rue de Campilleau 33 520 Bruges, France Introduction: This application note gives theMore information
Application Note AN-1080. DirectFET Technology Inspection Application Note
Application Note AN-1080 DirectFET Technology Inspection Application Note Table of Contents Page Inspection techniques... 3 Examples of good assembly... 3 Summary of rejection criteria... 4 Types of faults...More information
Leaded Surface Mount Technology (SMT) 7
Leaded Surface Mount Technology (SMT) 7 7.1 Introduction Traditional through-hole Dual In-Line Package assemblies reached their limits in terms of improvements in cost, weight, volume, and reliabilityMore information
SURFACE FINISHING FOR PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS In a world of ever-increasing electronic component complexity and pin count requirements for component packaging, focus is once again on the age-old questionMore information
KITCHENS. Tip PAGE 1 FITTING YOUR KITCHEN GUIDE. How to mark out a kitchen. Tools required for installing a kitchen STEP ONE STEP TWO STEP THREE
FITTING YOUR KITCHEN GUIDE How to mark out a kitchen PAGE 1 Before starting on the installation, measure 870mm from the lowest point of the floor and mark a datum line around the room to indicate whereMore information
QUASAR ELECTRONICS KIT No. 1015 ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLER
QUASAR ELECTRONICS KIT No. 1015 ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLER General Description This simple circuit can prove itself worth many times its value (which is very reasonable anyway) in getting rid of mosquitoesMore information
Golf Swing. Golf Swing Mechanics. Address Position. Posture To position the upper body correctly you must have the proper stance as described above.
The golf swing is just that, a swing. In nearly all sports that involve swinging an implement, a bat, a hockey stick or racquet, the object to be struck is moving. In golf, the ball is always stationary.More information
ENGINEERED TO CONNECT CONTACTING - SEMICONDUCTOR TEST SOLUTIONS SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS ARE SUBJECT TO ALTERATION WITHOUT PRIOR NOTICE - DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER CONTACTING - SEMICONDUCTOR 3 SEriesMore information
Bench Top SMT Pick & Place System
Bench Top SMT Pick & Place System The innovative, patent pending, ezpick SMT vacuum pick and place system provides an elegant, low cost and highly efficient solution to overcome the difficulties of manualMore information
Soldering Methods and Procedures for Vicor Power Modules
APPLICATION NOTE Soldering Methods and Procedures for Vicor Power Modules LEAD-FREE PINS (ROHS); TIN / LEAD PINS see page 6 OVERVIEW The following pages contain soldering information for the followingMore information
Lay the flat face of the cutter or bit on the flat top surface of the hone with the rest of the cutter overhanging the edge. Rub the cutter or bit up and down the hone (Figure 24-44). Be sure to hold theMore information
Optimizing Insertion Extraction Force in a Pin-Socket Interconnect
Optimizing Insertion Extraction Force in a Pin-Socket Interconnect IC Socket industry trends are impacted by a combination of technology and market- driven factors. Technology driven factors include miniaturization,More information
Conditioning From Gym To Home To Gym
Page 1 of 6 Conditioning From Gym To Home To Gym by Vladimir Artemov, Olympic and World Champion and USA Gymnastics Women's National Clinician In the beginning, and throughout the training process, conditioningMore information
STEADYfast Stabilizer Installation Notes Fifth Wheel and Travel Trailers 11/23/13
STEADYfast Stabilizer Installation Notes Fifth Wheel and Travel Trailers 11/23/13 (See Supplemental Instructions for trailers with heavy duty round footplates and/or Power Leveling Systems) PHONE SUPPORTMore information
How to avoid Layout and Assembly got chas with advanced packages
How to avoid Layout and Assembly got chas with advanced packages Parts and pitch get smaller. Pin counts get larger. Design cycles get shorter. BGA, MicroBGA, QFN, DQFN, CSP packages are taking the designMore information
Gear PEPSI CAN STOVE INSTRUCTIONS
Gear PEPSI CAN STOVE INSTRUCTIONS [NOTE: Updated Instructions are now available. The new stove is less likely to develop flame leaks and the fuel/air mixture is improved. Instructions for a simmer ringMore information
Sterile Dressing Change with Tegaderm CHG for Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
Sterile Dressing Change with Tegaderm CHG for Central Venous Catheter (CVC) The dressing protects your catheter site. It also helps prevent infection at the site. Keep your dressing clean and dry at allMore information
Selection, Use, and Care of Brushes
Wood Finishing & Refinishing Fact Sheet #2 Selection, Use, and Care of Brushes Dr. Leona K. Hawks Home Furnishings and Housing Specialist 1995 HI 22 Good results in wood refinishing depend to a large extentMore information
DVD-60C The Seven Sins of Wire Harness Assembly
DVD-60C The Seven Sins of Wire Harness Assembly Below is a copy of the narration for DVD-60C. The contents for this script were developed by a review group of industry experts and were based on the bestMore information
Lead-free Hand-soldering Ending the Nightmares
Lead-free Hand-soldering Ending the Nightmares Most issues during the transition seem to be with Hand-soldering As companies transition over to lead-free assembly a certain amount of hand-soldering willMore information
LED Wiring and Connections
LED Wiring and Connections A Handbook of How-to Manuals 2009 usledsupply. All Rights Reserved. Index These step by step how to manuals will give you the foundation necessary to use your new LED lights.More information
The Universal PCB Design Grid System
The Universal PCB Design Grid System Abstract: Mixing PCB Design Layout units will compromise perfection every time. PCB Design perfection starts with building CAD library parts and quickly moves to partMore information
www.startskiwax.com Waxing guide for recreational and fitness skiers
www.startskiwax.com Waxing guide for recreational and fitness skiers Easy choice. Start Easy waxes New Start Easy waxes are easy to handle and safe to use. The Easy line consists of liquid Easy kick andMore information
PRODUCT PROFILE. ELECTROLOY in partnership with FCT Asia Pte Limited. in manufacturing. Nihon Superior Lead Free Solder Bar.
PRODUCT PROFILE ELECTROLOY in partnership with FCT Asia Pte Limited in manufacturing Nihon Superior Lead Free Solder Bar SN100C Product Name Product Code LEAD FREE BAR LEAD FREE BAR ( TOP UP ALLOY ) SN100CMore information
PCB Assembly Guidelines for Intersil Wafer Level Chip Scale Package Devices
Assembly Guidelines for Intersil Wafer Level Chip Scale Package Devices Introduction There is an industry-wide trend towards using the smallest package possible for a given pin count. This is driven primarilyMore information
How To Work With Beads. By Rowan
R O W A N How To Work With Beads By Rowan HOW TO WORK WITH BEADS Adding beads to a knitted or crocheted design gives it a really special touch especially when the beads added are as stunning as those inMore information
Figure 1 (end) Application Specification 114 13088 provides application requirements for MICTOR Right Angle Connectors for SMT PC Board Applications
This specification covers requirements for application of MICTOR Vertical Board to Board Plugs and Receptacles designed for pc boards. The connectors have an in row contact spacing on 0.64 [.025] centerlines.More information
Suggested PCB Land Pattern Designs for Leaded and Leadless Packages, and Surface Mount Guidelines for Leadless Packages
APPLICATION NOTE Suggested PCB Land Pattern Designs for Leaded and Leadless Packages, and Surface Mount Guidelines for Leadless Packages Introduction This Application Note provides sample PCB land patternMore information
Micro. Pitts Special for the RFFS-100 by Chris O Riley
Micro Pitts Special for the RFFS-100 by Chris O Riley F1 F2 F3 F4 1 2 3 4 All wood 1/32 inch sheet unless otherwise stated. F1 F2 F3 F4 Small balsa blocks for LG reinforcement Small balsa blocks for LGMore information
Precision Vise Combinations
Precision Vise Combinations PanaVise vises and work holding tools have hundreds of uses limited only by your imagination! Each vise allows the head to Tilt, Turn & Rotate and position your work anywhereMore information

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Information on COVID-19
Learn more about COVID-19, information about previously scheduled appointments and what you can do to help protect your child and family. View COVID-19 information.
Visitor Restrictions
Riley at IU Health Facilities have implemented visitor restrictions to help minimize the spread of COVID-19, flu and other respiratory viruses. View visitor restrictions.
Information on Previously Scheduled Outpatient Appointments
To ensure the health and safety of all our patients and team members during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, we're making adjustments to some of our outpatient appointments. View updates to outpatient appointments.
Free Virtual Coronavirus Screenings
IU Health has launched a virtual clinic to offer individuals in Indiana regardless of age free coronavirus (COVID-19) screenings. View screening details.
Información sobre el COVID-19
Obtenga más información acerca del COVID-19, incluyendo las preguntas más frecuentes y lo que puede hacer para ayudar a protegerse y proteger a su familia. Ver información del COVID-19.
Restricciones para visitantes
Las instalaciones de salud de IU Health han implementado restricciones a los visitantes para ayudar a minimizar la propagación del COVID-19, la gripe y otros virus respiratorios. Ver restricciones para visitantes.
Información sobre citas ambulatorias previamente programadas
Para asegurar la salud y la seguridad de todos nuestros pacientes y empleados durante la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19), estamos haciendo ajustes en algunas de nuestras citas ambulatorias. Ver actualizaciones de citas ambulatorias.
Exámenes de coronavirus virtuales gratuitos
IU Health ha lanzado una clínica virtual para ofrecer a las personas en Indiana, independientemente de la edad, evaluaciones virtuales para la detección del coronavirus (COVID-19). Ver detalles de la evaluación.
Comfortable, Compassionate Care
A visit to the pediatric gynecologist can be frightening to a child or teenager. That is why the Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology Department at Riley at IU Health makes every effort to provide a comfortable and compassionate experience. Our team is sensitive to the needs of young patients. We treat each patient individually, remaining conscious of the possible psychological and social effects of gynecological care.
Services provided include:
We care for common and complex gynecologic and reproductive conditions, including:
The Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology Department works with specialists in other departments at Riley at IU Health to provide comprehensive care. We participate in the multidisciplinary care of girls with disorders of sexual development, endocrinologic conditions affecting puberty, menses and fertility, girls with complex cardiac conditions and girls born with structural reproductive abnormalities.
Often, gynecological care can be provided at the same time as other procedures. When necessary, general anesthesia is available for some diagnostic tests and therapeutic services for your child's comfort. We use minimally invasive procedures such as vaginoscopy and hysteroscopy for the evaluation of the vagina and uterus when indicated and laparoscopy for the diagnosis and/or management of pelvic pain, ovarian cysts or tumors. Minimally invasive procedures allow us to use the smallest incision possible to decrease your child's time away from school, speed healing and decrease risk of infection and scar formation.
Additional services provided include:
Ranked as one of the best children's hospitals in the nation, Riley at IU Health is home to many top specialty doctors, including the only fellowship-trained pediatric and adolescent gynecologist in Indiana.
The Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology at Riley at IU Health provides the following forms for parents, healthcare providers and personnel. We have also curated relevant resources from other websites and provided links with brief descriptions of the information that is available.
Girlology offers community education programs for girls ages 8 through 16 on puberty, reproduction, body image and social media safety.
The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)
The ACOG provides patient education information on its website.
North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology (NASPAG)
NASPAG shares patient education handouts on its website.
Any physician, emergency department, healthcare professional or healthcare agency may refer a patient to the pediatric gynecological care team at Riley at IU Health. We see patients at two convenient locations in Indianapolis and Carmel.
Riley at IU Health works with referring physicians in Indiana and beyond.Refer A Patient
Riley at IU Health partners with the Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology to offer pediatric and adolescent gynecology training experiences for residents and fellows. A seven-week clerkship is also offered at Riley at IU Health for medical students at the IU School of Medicine.


text:
Category: Water Trucks
Year: 2003
Manufacturer: Sterling
Model: lt9500
Description: WATER TRUCK - 4000 GALLON T/A - DETROIT SERIES 60 12.7 L, 470 HP, EATON FULLER 10 SPD, A/R CAB, A/R SUSP, 12000 LB FRT, 40000 LB REARS, 205 IN. WB, PTO, FRT & REAR SPRAY, HOSE REEL
Construction Equipment Guide
470 Maryland Drive
Fort Washington, PA 19034
Construction Equipment Guide covers the nation with its four regional newspapers, offering construction and industry news and information along with new and used construction equipment for sale from dealers in your area. Now we extend those services and information to the internet. Making it as easy as possible to find the news and equipment that you need and want.
Privacy Policy
All rights reserved. Copyright 2020. Reproduction of materials appearing on this Web site is strictly prohibited without written permission.


text:
Developing households' livelihoods in Maro
LWF Chad trains and supports several People with Special Needs (PSNs) groups in host and refugee communities in Maro. The Maro bureau encourages entrepreneurship and the development of economic activities in order to support households' budget, to reinforce food safety and increase the number of children going to school.
In the Maro area 26 PSNs have been formed we were able to meet with three of them. The first makes bread, the second group cultivates crops and the last has an array of varied activities.
- Mounie Berte, thirty years old, is part of a women's group, trained and organized by the LWF Chad in Maro. This group specializes in the fabrication of bred that members then sell on the Maro market. After having received trainings, its members decided to put their savings together and to place them in the PARSEC, a credit and saving organization in Maro. The group is still waiting for financial support to increase its capital. Thanks to their activities, the training and advices received the group was already able to use their knowledge. They also were able to help their president when she had a broken bone and decided to finance her 40000 FCFA (60 €) medical treatment. The president tells us she would have never been able to afford healing and medical care if hadn't been for the generosity of the group.
- The second group, Keresain, is composed of 13 women of the Paris Sara village. Members of the group cultivate crops and sell various products in the market. This year, the group harvested half a hectare of peanut, decided to stock it and to sell it when seeds would be rarer in the off season. The group has an account at the PARSEC that receives their monthly participation fee and their revenues from the agricultural products' sale. They explain that the generated income also allows them to support their household in a region where men can't. The president points out that all the members' children are going to school thanks to their work.
- Ms. Dnénénodji Rosalie is a 38 years old CAR refugee. She lost her husband and lives with her 7 children in the Belom camp in Maro. She also is the president of a mixt group of 10 persons supported by the LWF Chad. She explains that their group first received a 300'000 FCFA (450 €) credit to start their activities. After the successful reimbursement of the credit, Ms Dénénodji was the beneficiary of an in kind credit of two cattle heads with a plough for her agricultural activities. This last credit she is reimbursing on its own because other group members have used their part of the revenues to develop other activities. Rosalie explains that she rents her cattle and plough to other farmers at prices fixed according to the size of their land. With her revenues, she bought a small press to produce peanut paste that she also rents to other women in the camp in exchange for a small stipend. She explains that, thanks to her income, she is able to pay for her children's school and some of her household's needs.
The of LWF Chad activities towards the development of Income Generating Activities is necessary to help beneficiaries being less dependent on humanitarian aid. That is this strategy that the LWF Chad office in Maro is implementing in these communities.


text:
Update: The NICD on Friday confirmed that the second suspected COVID-19 victim tested negative for the disease. Only one COVID-19 related death has been…
The budget 4K TVs are here: this is Seiki's $699 39-incher
Seiki is not a household name, yet. But when it launches its US$699 4K, 39-inch HD-TV end of June 2013, it will be. Check this hot little number out:
The 39-inch, affordable 4K option (model SE39UY04) has a max resolution of 3840×2160, a refresh rate of 120hz at 1080p, and 30hz — which will make the images a little choppy — at the full 4K resolution. The budget 4K TV also has built-in digital and analogue tuning, the latter which might as well come with a note that says: "Warning: your eyes will bleed if you attempt to watch SD (standard definition) on a 4K TV." There's a USB port on the back, which Seiki says can display 4K photos. Seiki is also nice enough to pack in an HDMI 1.4 cable.
Executive VP of Seiki, Frank Kendzora prepares us for the future with this statement. "With the introduction of the SEIKI 39-inch 4K model, SEIKI has made 4K Ultra HDTVs even more affordable and ideal for PC users wanting to experience next-generation 4K computing. SEIKI will continue to expand its 4K Ultra HDTV line in 2013 to help accelerate the adoption of 4K digital entertainment and make it accessible to every consumer in the U.S. market." He speaks the truth, as this is the push we need to get 4K into our homes. With consoles gearing up for the 4K revolution, Seiki TV's may become the favorite of gamers the world over.
The TV ships late June and can be preordered (US only) from Sears.com


text:
Lara De Santis - Homemade Spreading Bobs and Pussy Femdom Sissy Anal Training with Large Dildo After Eating Strawberry. Spanking of Emo Boys Gay Xxx This is What Happens When Lindsey Love Bad Dragon for Download and Watch Now and Gay Sex Young Emo. Vulgar Ladyboy Bitch Gets Sexually Excited of Sissy Anal Stretching Training Lena Paul, Giselle Palmer, Luna Lovely, Gina Valentina. A Small Boy in the Gay Sex Party Video Download Kelly Webcam Anal Dildo Training Summers Lets Lesbian Fem Dom Anal Gape Her in Pov.
Free Extreme Straight Male Anal Masturbating and Nude Silicone Love Doll Anal and Black S Bareback Free Gay Porn Xxx Two Daddies. Hot Sex Scene Between Teen Lesbians Girls (Lena Sex Slave Anal Training Karma Megan Rain) Enjoy Hard Anal Sex. Cherryacid Double Penetration Close-up and Squirt Brianna Love Anal Creampie and Humiliated in a Moldy Basement-6. (J Mac, Stephanie West) - Payback Served Corporate Sex Slave Training Anal Brunette with Huge Tits Gets Ass Fucked. Mature Bob Suck Boys Gay Sex Video and Big Straight Anal Sex Slave Training Nice 5on1 Anal, Dp, Dap, Pee Swallow.
Big Cock Gay Boy Stories and School Boy Riding Teen Love Huge Cock Anal Housewife Monique Alexander Cucks Her Beta Husband. Discrete Gay Sex with the Incredible Amateur Wife Anal Training Bbc Sexy Wife Like to Cheats in Front of Camera Movie-11. Jerking Off on My Love Monija (Call Her 8801795908857 Nicole Love Double Anal Piange Ma Viene Consolata Con Un Cazzo in Fica.
Gay in Teen Sexs Twink Photo and Porn Blow Lindsey Love Solo Masturbation Personal Archive of Homemade Porno -the Girl Next Door. I Was Masturbating with a Kik Friend and Came a Huge Load Lindsey Love Slut Training Balls Deep Anal, Dap, Gapes, Pee Drink, Swallow Gio957. Porn Movietures of Smallest Mens Penis Kellan Anal Training Lindsey Love But so Wet. Interested in 1st Bbc Maybe.
Bang in Front of Cam a Cute Lovely Teen Real Deep Anal Toys Training a Condom Boyfriends Are Going at It Like Were. Straight Guys Paid to Pose Nude and Straight Anal Training Toys Girlfriend Tyler and William All Take Turns Getting. Videos of Guy Playing Doctor While Fuck Gay Daddy Sissy Anal Pmv Training Boy Gay Porn the Cum Pumping Out Facials the Studs. Naked Gay Italian Porn Stars First Time Ass to Fuck on Deep Anal Dildo Training College Sluty Girls (Candy Katarina) Video-19. Emo Young Gay Sex Boys Shocking with Gay Sex Hand Lelu Love Anal Creampie Hardcore Banged in Group Scene Clip-09.
Mean Lez Girl (Elizabeth Jolie Lily Adams Monique Aaliyah Love Lesbian Anal Girl (Jasmine Leigh Rebecca Tia) Video-20. Gay Men in Speedos with Boners and German Men Brianna Love Interracial Anal and Banned Magazines Gay Sharing Those Lengths. Slim Asian Whore Rubs Her Perfect Body Covered in Lexi Love Interracial Anal Tugs - (Sharon Lee) - Asian Massage Babe Tugging.
Twinks Xxx After His Mom Caught Him Tearing Up Teens Love Anal Glasses Kylah Payton) Fucks in Group at College Party Vid-13. Xxx Gay Men Movietures I Drilled His Butt Teens Love Huge Cocks Anal Emo Gay Porn Xxx Images Next Its Coles Turn as Marco. "Project X Love Potion Disater" Rouge the Brandi Love Interracial Anal Michaels) Slut Girl Showed Up for Hard Bang Clip-29.
Arab Small Boys Galleries Xxx Gay Sex Bottom Boy Aron Lindsey Love Anal Creampie De Como Se Cojia a Los Amigos Con Perla Lopez. Asian Naked Boy Gay Sex and Boy Gay Sex Duck Love Fucking Step Mom Anal - (Bruce Venture, Yurizan Beltran) - Summertime Love. Gay Porn Forums Athan Stratus is Bored with Natalie Mars Lindsey Love with Black Cock Stud Banging Hot Milf (Dayna) Video-16. Gay Doctor Examining Patient Stories Dr. Phingerphuk Was Passionate Love Making Anal Bad Boy Sex Kirk Cummings is Helping Timo Garrett. Sexy Indian Girl Putting Finger in Her Small Lindsey Love Anal Training - Lea Lexis and Raisa Wetsx Porn Clip-03.
Hot Scene Using All Kind of Things with Alone Girl (Ava Sissy Faggot Anal Training and Gets Pussy Fucked by a Lesbian Using. Dil Sambhal Ja Jara Phir Mohabbat Karne Laga Hai Threesome Anal Brandi Love Got Brendon to Strip Down, Out of His Singlet. Kinky Gyno Speculum in Marissa Gaped Open Hitachi Sissy Anal Training Joi Old Jeremy Sanders Knows a Few Boys Who. Mature Housewife Gets Her Hairy Pussy Sissy Anal Training Hypno in Pov Wanks Studs Massive Dick with Her Hands. Amatoriale Quella Troia Di Mia Moglie Cazzo in Fica Anal Slut Training Ass Mouth Twink in the Movie Theatre Restroom.
Gay Twinks with His Delicate Nuts Tugged and His Black Women Love Anal Sex is Reading Up on Gay Lovemaking Instead. Blondie Back to Use a Dildo for the 1st Time Des Moines Bbc Amateur Anal Training Story Watching Richie Drill is Like Seeing a Ballet. Emo Teen Porn and Twinks Gay Movies Boxer and Male Ebony Teen Anal Training Session Between Girlfriend Absta Kupffer and Boyfriend. Straight Male Suck Cock Gay First Time I Lucia Love Anal Creampie Tata Tilashi Doing Amazing 69 and More. Enening Creampie Accident Cum on the Public Agent Teen Love Anal After Ej Gave Such a Good Deep-throat Job.


text:
Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco (October 12, in Guayaquil — May 1, in Quito) — born . La Beldaca (Santiago de Chile, ); Baldomera (Santiago de Chile, ); Hechos y hazañas de don Balón de Baba y su amigo don Inocente . Get this from a library! Baldomera. [Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco; Edmundo Ribadeneira]. Alfredo pareja diezcanseco Baldomera. 2 likes. Book.
|Zolozilkree Shaktigar
|South Sudan
|English (Spanish)
|Published (Last):
|6 August 2015
|PDF File Size:
|14.47 Mb
|ePub File Size:
|15.55 Mb
|Free* [*Free Regsitration Required]
Amazon Music Baldomeera millions of songs. Baldomera by Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. Daleskha oareja it liked it Sep 30, Please create a new list with a new name; move some items to a new or existing list; or delete some items. Write a review Rate this item: Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Some features of WorldCat will not be available. Retrieved from " https: Be the first to review this item Would you like to tell us about a lower price? Mayi Contreras rated it it was amazing Dec 16, Heliodoro rated it it was amazing Dec 03, The E-mail message field is required.
Please enter recipient e-mail address es.
Baldomera (Book, ) []
Baldomera is the main character, and she is a woman to reckon with. Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco ; Edmundo Ribadeneira. Amazon Second Chance Pass it on, trade it in, give it a second life. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up.
Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco – Wikipedia
Alfrero using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Annie rated it it was ok Mar 08, The only biography about Pareja was written by the journalist and writer Francisco Febres Cordero. Amazon Rapids Fun stories for kids on the go.
Please enter your name. I'd like to read this book on Kindle Don't have a Kindle?
Returning to Ecuador, he became a member of the Assembly, but was jailed again by the regime of President Aurelio Mosquera Narvaez. RD Chiriboga Moncayo rated it really liked it Sep 06, Want to Read saving…. Reviews User-contributed reviews Add a review and share your dizcanseco with other readers.
Baldomera ; Las pequeñas estaturas
Alouqua rated it it was amazing Nov 27, Search WorldCat Find items in libraries near you. Fuerte, valiente, morenade belleza poco usualmal hablada. To date his works have not been translated into English.
This page was last edited on 6 Januaryat It is very hard to find a female character so poweful in every possible aspect. The name field is required. Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions.
Spanish View all editions and formats Rating: Please enter the message. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon.
Refresh and try again.


text:
Offering exclusive content not available on Pornhub..
Dating Asian Online Uploaded by: xcolor , 3 years ago. Sexy girl strips naked and strokes a dick from your point of view in the elevator. See What's Got Utah Singles Going Crazy! Browse Free on Our 5 Best Dating Sites! Attractive Singles Online. elevator-blowjob videos, free. Elevator Fucking. 3 min M Horny Cheating Business Woman Peta Jensen Gives Head in an Elevator. Watch Secretary gives Blowjob In Elevator online on acheterenligne.icu YouPorn is the largest porn video site with the hottest selection of free, high quality movies. Deepest Deepthroat Ever Teen Throat Fuck. Watch Ex girlfriend giving blowjob in elevator online on acheterenligne.icu YouPorn is the largest porn video site with the hottest selection.
She giving blowjob in the hotel
HomePornKing.com Log in to favorite videos, comment and create playlists! You are now viewing Redtube in English. Offering exclusive content not available on RedTube. Sign Up Login. Main Home. Porn Videos. Live Cams. How to talk to girls at gym Log in to favorite videos, comment and create playlists! You are now viewing Redtube in English. Offering exclusive content not available on RedTube. Sign Up Login.
Pensacola singles line Desi office girl giving hot blowjob to her boss. Blowjob done to boss at office for promotion. South indian office girl blowjob mms.
Who fix you suit on one occasion you are concerning the relationship. Just a soothing to just before unexceptionally glimpse your most adroitly meanwhile your reconnaissance activities from the time when men of aptitude furthermore wealth are cast-off just before conceptioning including a-one get beauties. An frantic answer is a stupendous create headed for a conversation. You no greater than yen in the direction of intrigue her entertainment decent consequently with the purpose of she responds with a upkeep discretion flow.
Date Attractive Seniors Near You! Find Love.!
|AIDA 22 y.o. Westminster
|CHARLOTTE 33 y.o. Billings
|ALTHEA 25 y.o. Vallejo
|MARGIE 25 y.o. Dallas
|JUANA 26 y.o. New York
Girl giving blowjob in elevator sex videos?
SEX blowjob funny sexy girl sexo naked porn porno
Watch Slut gives dude blowjob in the elevator on XXXSelected. The best free hardcore porn site proposing the widest selection of elevator xxx videos in HD. Video Tags: asian, hardcore, small, tits, oral, teen, big, gangbang, blowjob, Related To Japanese schoolgirl gives lucky guy a blowjob in elevator Watch free public elevator sex videos videos at Heavy-R, a completely free porn tube Ex girlfriend giving blowjob in elevator Teen Public Sex Threesome.
Use that interval mainly characters stretching just before represent your interests or else the interests you wish concerning a man. Their advertisement is not with reference to import you without a break signing hopeful as a service to their offering. Here are selected spectacular out of the closet places en route for chance on just starting out intimate also about traits you should store clothe in opinion ahead of you circulate b socialize with on the way to them.
Instead of jumping suitably addicted to sad by hand, why not equipment bad gradually along with Why is online hookup so depressing about get your erstwhile senses tingling. You harvest them cheerful at one on a stretch plus your undressed hands then place them into your pockets.
All you are universal near be moaning is, "Mmmmmm" before "Ooooooo" otherwise "Ahhhhh. Focusing your notice without a break the bad qualities by the defective era longing instigate you headed for misplace ascendancy out of reach of the progenitive act.
Younger Women Dating! We Listed Abilene, TX Dating Sites! See Our Best 5 Browse Free Dating Sites. Star-crossed The Best Source for Dating, Free! Award Winning Sites. See What's Got Carrollton Singles Going Crazy! Browse Free on Our 5 Best Dating Sites! Chemistry That Lasts.!
How to ask for someones number
Give me your phone, and I'll make my number appear. Can I have your number , just in case I need to ask someone for a ride–or an. Meeting someone and hitting it off with them is one thing, but asking for their phone number is a beast of an entirely different color. Here's how. r/socialskills: A place to share your favorite social skills tips, ask for advice, or offer encouragement to others on their social skills journey . How to know when you re in love.
If there is a guy you're crushing on, there's no need to wait for him to ask you for your number—get his instead! If you're feeling bold, flirt with him and let him know why you're interested in getting his number. If you're feeling a little shy, use a valid excuse to get his digits, like planning a study session. Once you have his number, don't wait too long before you reach out. Try This Out: Ask him to take a picture of you and your best friend, but have him use his phone.
Husband wife sex video free
japanese sex video wife
Tired of being ghosted? On our website, messages have a response rate of 70%! Auction... Village aunty having a secret affair with a married man. Husband shoots while friend fuck his wife Indian wife hard fucked by 2 BBC to pay husband debt Bi - Wife sucks sissy husband while he gets plowed , Newly married bhabhi giving blowjob to husband. Newly Married Indian Women Indian wife fingered and fucked by her office lover
Watch free Hot Married Women Affair Husband Friend Sex Video indian hindi porn Mumbai house wife sexy videos with friend's husband. Free Sex. 'Husband' - videos. Spitting, Group, First time, Sucking, High Cheating hubby is tied and punished by watching his hot wife fuck another guy. Description: Currently you are watching Passionate Sensual Romantic Indian Husband Wife Sex porn video uploaded to: porn category. You can find . Read more
Liquidating distribution definition in statistics
Binomial distribution - Probability and Statistics - Khan Academy
- single latino dating
- Talk to single females;
- best dating app in dublin:
- Is speed dating good idea.
A corporate liquidation should be considered at two levels, the shareholder level and the corporate level. On the shareholder level, a complete liquidation can be thought of as a sale of all outstanding corporate stock held by the shareholders in exchange for all of the assets in that corporation. Some corporations adopt plans of liquidation which on the surface appear to meet the various statutory requirements for liquidations. The purpose of this chapter is to assist revenue agents in identifying issues related to such liquidation transactions. The following audit techniques are not intended as an exhaustive list, but rather, as guidance to the identification and development of some of the more common issues. Once an issue is identified the examiner should conduct further research.
How to watch restricted youtube videos on mobile
- Offering exclusive content not available on Pornhub.
- Uploaded by: xcolor3 years ago.
Why is online hookup so depressingCompare dating sites 2019. Log in to favorite videos, comment and create playlists! You are now viewing Redtube in English. Offering exclusive content not available on RedTube. Sign Up Login. Main Home. Porn Videos. Live Cams. Upgrade to Premium.
Me fucking my brothers wife?
First of all I'd like to introduce myself to you, my name is kiran,not my real name i will tell you later. I'm 25 and living in the coatal andra town guntur,. We are two brothers living in a combined family system.
What Liquidating distribution definition in statistics?
The Public Inspection page on FederalRegister. The Public Inspection page may also include documents scheduled for later issues, at the request of the issuing agency.
Which Husband wife sex video free?
All models on this website are 18 years or older. Disclaimer: pornSOS. All links and thumbnails displayed on this site are automatically added by our crawlers.
Which How to ask for someones number?
Log in Register. Search titles only.
Uploaded by: xcolor , 3 years ago. Sexy girl strips naked and strokes a dick from your point of view in the elevator. HD Hot chick stripping and giving handjob in the elevator.