text:
zh-CN:Dwm Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
dwm is a dynamic window manager for X. It manages windows in tiled, stacked, and full-screen layouts, as well as many others with the help of optional patches. Layouts can be applied dynamically, optimizing the environment for the application in use and the task performed. dwm is extremely lightweight and fast, written in C and with a stated design goal of remaining under 2000 source lines of code. It provides multi-head support for xrandr and Xinerama.
- 1 Installing
- 2 Starting dwm
- 3 Basic usage
- 4 Configuring
- 5 Statusbar configuration
- 6 Extended usage
- 6.1 Patches & additional tiling modes
- 6.2 Fixing gaps around terminal windows
- 6.3 Space around font in dwm's bar
- 6.4 Restart dwm without logging out or closing programs
- 6.5 Make the right Alt key work as if it were Mod4 (Windows Key)
- 6.6 Disable focus follows mouse behaviour
- 6.7 Adding custom keybinds/shortcuts
- 6.8 Fixing misbehaving Java applications
- 7 See also
Method 1: makepkg + ABS (recommended)
These instructions will install dwm using makepkg along with the Arch Build System, or ABS for short. This will allow reconfiguring dwm at a later time without complications.
Basic programming tools present in base-devel are needed in order to compile dwm and build a package for it, and the abs package is also a requisite for fetching the necessary build scripts. Installing dmenu, a fast and lightweight dynamic menu for X is a good idea.
# pacman -S base-devel abs dmenu
Once the required packages are installed, use ABS to update and then copy the dwm build scripts from the ABS tree to a temporary directory. For example:
# abs community/dwm $ cp -r /var/abs/community/dwm ~/dwm
cd to switch to the directory containing the build scripts (the example above used
~/dwm). Then run:
$ makepkg -i
This will compile dwm, build an Arch Linux package containing the resulting files, and install the package file all in one step. If problems are encountered, review the output for specific information.
~/dwm) is saved, it can subsequently be used for making changes to the default configuration.
Method 2: official repos (easier, but not configurable)
If only interested in installing dwm for a test drive, simply install the binary package from the repositories instead. You will probably also want to consider installing dmenu, a fast and lightweight dynamic menu for X:
# pacman -S dwm dmenu
Starting dwm
To start dwm with
startx or the SLIM login manager, simply append the following to
exec dwm
For GDM, add it to
~/.Xclients instead, and select "Run XClient Script" from the Sessions menu.
Starting a customized dwm from a display manager
The default /usr/share/xsessions/dwm.desktop does not allow for a customized start like can be done in .xinitrc. A solution to this problem is to make a start script, for example /usr/bin/dwm-personalized and make an alternative xsession .desktop file (/usr/share/xsessions/dwm-personalized.desktop).
Example of /usr/share/xsessions/dwm-personalized.desktop
[Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Name=Dwm-personalized Comment=Dynamic window manager Exec=dwm-personalized Icon=dwm Type=XSession
Example of /usr/bin/dwm-personalized
#!/bin/zsh #Set swedish keyboard map setxkbmap se #Set chrome as default browser if [ -n "$DISPLAY" ]; then BROWSER=google-chrome fi #Set status bar & start DWM conky | while read -r; do xsetroot -name "$REPLY"; done & exec dwm
Basic usage
Dmenu is a useful addon to dwm. Rather than a standard list-style menu, it acts as a sort of autocomplete to typing in the names of binaries. It is more advanced than many program launchers and integrates well within dwm.
To start it, press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress (Template:Keypress should be the Template:Keypress key by default). This can, of course, be changed if you so desire. Then, simply type in the first few characters of the binary you wish to run until you see it along the top bar. Then, simply use your left and right arrow keys to navigate to it and press enter.
For more information, see dmenu.
Controlling windows
Giving another tag to a window
Changing a window's tag is very simple. To do so, simply bring the window into focus by hovering over it with your cursor, then press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress, where 'x' is the number of the tag to which you want to move the window. [Mod1] is, by default, the Template:Keypress key.
Closing a window
To cleanly close a window using dwm, simply press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress.
Window layouts
By default, dwm will operate in tiled mode. This can be observed by new windows on the same tag growing smaller and smaller as new windows are opened. The windows will, together, take up the entire screen (except for the menu bar) at all times. There are, however, two other modes: floating and monocle. Floating mode should be familiar to users of non-tiling window managers; it allows users to rearrange windows as they please. Monocle mode will keep a single window visible at all times.
To switch to floating mode, simply press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress. Template:Keypress is, by default, the Template:Keypress key. To check if you are in floating mode, you should see something like this next to the numbered tags in the top right corner of the screen: ><>.
To switch to monocole mode, press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress. To check if you are in monocle mode, you can see an M in square brackets (if no windows are open on that tag) or a number in square brackets (which corresponds with the number of windows open on that tag). Thus, a tag with no windows open would display this: [M], and a tag with 'n' windows open would display this: [n].
To return to tiled mode, press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress. You will see a symbol which looks like this: []= .
Exiting dwm
To cleanly exit dwm, press Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress.
Source: dwm tutorial.
dwm, as mentioned before, is exclusively configured at compile-time via some of its source files, namely
config.h and
config.mk. While the initial configuration provides a good set of defaults, it is reasonable to expect eventual customization.
Method 1: ABS rebuild (recommended)
Modifying dwm is quite simple using this route.
Customizing config.h
Browse to the dwm source code directory saved during the installation process;
~/dwm in the example. The
config.h found within this directory is where the general dwm preferences are stored. Most settings within the file should be self-explanatory. For detailed information on these settings, see the dwm website.
Once changes have been made, pipe the new md5sums into the PKGBUILD:
$ makepkg -g >> PKGBUILD
This will eliminate a checksum mismatch between the official config.h and the new revised copy.
Now, compile and reinstall:
$ makepkg -efi
Assuming the configuration changes were valid, this command will compile dwm, build and reinstall the resulting package. If problems were encountered, review the output for specific information.
Finally, restart dwm in order to apply the changes.
From now on, instead of updating the md5sums for every
config.h revision, which are known to become frequent, one may erase the md5sums array and build dwm with the
--skipinteg option:
$ makepkg -efi --skipinteg
And after adding a few lines to dwm's start-up script, it is possible to restart dwm without logging out or closing programs.
alias redwm='cd ~/dwm; makepkg -g >> PKGBUILD; makepkg -efi --noconfirm; killall dwm') in your .bashrc.
Method 2: Git (advanced)
dwm is maintained upstream within a git version control system at suckless.org. Those already familiar with git may find it more convenient to maintain configurations and patches within this system. Learning how to do local branching and merging will make maintaining, applying and removing patches easy.
Before building dwm from the git sources, be sure to alter config.mk accordingly, because failure to do so may result in X crashes. Here are the values that need changing:
PREFIX = /usr
The X11 include folder:
X11INC = /usr/include/X11
And the the X11 lib directory:
X11LIB = /usr/lib/X11
Statusbar configuration
dwm uses the root window's name to display information in its statusbar, which can be changed with
xsetroot -name.
Basic statusbar
This example prints the date in ISO 8601 format. Add it to files
~/.xinitrc or
~/.Xclients or see this page's discussion for more details about the GDM-3 case :
while true; do xsetroot -name "$( date +"%F %R" )" sleep 1m # Update time every minute done & exec dwm
Here is an example intended for laptops that depends on the acpi package for showing battery information:
while true ; do xsetroot -name "$(acpi -b | awk 'sub(/,/,"") {print $3, $4}')" sleep 1m done & exec dwm
The script displays the amount of battery remaining besides its charging status by using the awk command to trim away the unneeded text from acpi, and tr to remove the commas.
An alternative to the above is to selectively show the battery status depending on the current charging state:
while true; do batt=$(LC_ALL=C acpi -b) case $batt in *Discharging*) batt="${batt#* * * }" batt="${batt%%, *} " ;; *) batt="" ;; esac xsetroot -name "$batt$(date +%R)" sleep 60 done & exec dwm
Finally, make sure there is only one instance of dwm in
~/.xinitrc or
~/.Xclients, so combining everything together should resemble this:
~/.setbg autocutsel & termirssi & urxvt & while true; do xsetroot -name "$(date +"%F %R")" sleep 1m # Update time every minute done & exec dwm
Here is another example that displays also the alsa volume and the battery state. The latter only when the system is off-line.
#set statusbar while true do if acpi -a | grep off-line > /dev/null; then xsetroot -name "Bat. $(awk 'sub(/,/,"") {print $3, $4}' <(acpi -b)) \ | Vol. $(awk '/dB/ { gsub(/[\[\]]/,""); print $5}' <(amixer get Master)) \ | $(date +"%a, %b %d %R")" else xsetroot -name "Vol. $(awk '/dB/ { gsub(/[\[\]]/,""); print $5}' <(amixer get Master)) \ | $(date +"%a, %b %d %R")" fi sleep 1s done &
Conky statusbar
Conky can be printed to the statusbar with
xsetroot -name:
conky | while read -r; do xsetroot -name "$REPLY"; done & exec dwm
To do this, conky needs to be told to output text to the console only. The following is a sample conkyrc for a dual core CPU, displaying several stats:
out_to_console yes out_to_x no background no update_interval 2 total_run_times 0 use_spacer none TEXT $mpd_smart :: ${cpu cpu1}% / ${cpu cpu2}% ${loadavg 1} ${loadavg 2 3} :: ${acpitemp}c :: $memperc% ($mem) :: ${downspeed eth0}K/s ${upspeed eth0}K/s :: ${time %a %b %d %I:%M%P}
Extended usage
Patches & additional tiling modes
The official website has a number of patches that can add extra functionality to dwm. Users can easily customize dwm by applying the modifications they like. The Bottom Stack patch provides an additional tiling mode that splits the screen horizontally, as opposed to the default vertically oriented tiling mode. Similarly, bstack horizontal splits the tiles horizontally.
The gaplessgrid patch allows windows to be tiled like a grid.
Enable one layout per tag
The default behaviour of dwm is to apply the currently selected layout for all tags.To have different layouts for different tags use the pertag patch.
Fixing gaps around terminal windows
If there are empty gaps of desktop space outside terminal windows, it is likely due to the terminal's font size. Either adjust the size until finding the ideal scale that closes the gap, or toggle
resizehints to False in
static Bool resizehints = False; /* True means respect size hints in tiled resizals */
This will cause dwm to ignore resize requests from all client windows, not just terminals. The downside to this workaround is that some terminals may suffer redraw anomalies, such as ghost lines and premature line wraps, among others.
Space around font in dwm's bar
By default, dwm's bar adds 2px around the size of the font. To change it, modify the following line in
bh = dc.h = dc.font.height + 2;
Restart dwm without logging out or closing programs
For restarting dwm without logging out or closing applications, change or add a startup script so that it loads dwm in a while loop, like this:
while true; do # Log stderror to a file dwm 2> ~/.dwm.log # No error logging #dwm >/dev/null 2>&1 done
dwm can now be restarted without destroying other X windows by pressing the usual Mod-Shift-Q combination.
It is a good idea to place the above startup script into a separate file,
~/bin/startdwm for instance, and execute it through
~/.xinitrc. From this point on, when desiring to actually end the X session simply execute
killall startdwm, or bind it to a convenient key.
Make the right Alt key work as if it were Mod4 (Windows Key)
When using Mod4 (aka Super/Windows Key) as the
MODKEY, it may be equally convenient to have the right Alt key (Alt_R) act as Mod4. This will allow performing otherwise awkward keystrokes one-handed, such as zooming with Alt_R+Enter.
First, find out which keycode is assigned to Alt_R:
xmodmap -pke | grep Alt_R
Then simply add the following to the startup script (e.g.
~/.xinitrc), changing the keycode 113 if necessary to the result gathered by the previous
xmodmap command:
xmodmap -e "keycode 113 = Super_L" # reassign Alt_R to Super_L xmodmap -e "remove mod1 = Super_L" # make sure X keeps it out of the mod1 group
Now, any functions that are triggered by a Super_L (Windows) key press will also be triggered by an Alt_R key press.
Disable focus follows mouse behaviour
To disable focus follows mouse behaviour comment out the following line in definiton of struct handler in dwm.c
[EnterNotify] = enternotify,
Note that this change can cause some difficulties. After it the first click on inactive window will only bring the focus on it. To interact with window contents (buttons, fields etc) you need to click again. Also if you have several monitors you can notice that keyboard focus doesn't switch to another monitor activated by clicking.
Adding custom keybinds/shortcuts
Two entries are needed in
config.h to create custom keybinds. One under the "/* commands */" section, and another under the "static Key keys[] = {" section.
static const char *<keybindname>[] = { "<command>", "<flags>", "<arguments>", NULL };
<keybindname> can be anything... <command> <-flags> and <arguments> can be anything but they have to be individually enclosed in "",
{ MODKEY, XK_<key>, spawn, {.v = <keybindname> } },
...would bind Mod+<key> to the command defined previously.
{ MODKEY|ShiftMask, XK_<key>, spawn, {.v = <keybindname> } },
...would bind Mod+Shift+<key> Use ControlMask for Ctrl key.
Single keys such as Fn or multimedia keys have to be bound with the hex codes obtainable from the program "xev"
{ 0, 0xff00, spawn, {.v = <keybindname> } },
...would bind foo key 0xff00 to <keybindname>
Fixing misbehaving Java applications
As of JRE 6u20, Java applications misbehave in dwm because it is not a known window manager to Java. This causes menus to close when the mouse is released, and other little issues. First, install wmname from the [community] repository:
# pacman -S wmname
Now all you have to do is use wmname to set a WM name that Java recognizes:
$ wmname LG3D
This is not permanent, so you may want to add this command to your .xinitrc.
It is also possible to change enable
export _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1 in
See also
- dwm's official website
- Introduction to dwm video
- dmenu - Simple application launcher from the developers of dwm
- The dwm thread on the forums
- Hacking dwm thread
- Check out the forums' wallpaper thread for a selection of dwm wallpapers
- Show off your dwm configuration forum thread
- Moved to dwm
- dwm: Tags are not workspaces


text:
Further Wrestling with Recessed-Can Lights
A version of this article appears in the September/October 2005 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
September 01, 2005
How do you air seal IC-rated light fixtures that aren't accessible from above? Do the air sealing from below.
Since my first article on recessed-can lighting ("A Recessed Can of Worms," HE Jan/Feb '01, p. 42), there have been great strides in the development of new and improved insulated ceiling airtight (ICAT) recessed-can light fixtures for new and remodel construction. And new compact fluorescent models have become more available for reducing electricity use. The driving force for these developments may be new building codes mandating the use of the safer and more efficient lighting. What concerns me as a private consultant is how to deal with standard IC-rated recessedcan lights that were installed in cathedral ceilings or attic spaces that are not accessible and therefore cannot be air sealed from above. Standard IC-rated fixtures are still being installed in new construction, as well as in remodel projects, by some contractors and by homeowners themselves. (Non IC-rated lighting fixtures are another story all together.) Yes, I still get calls from homeowners every winter when they notice holes in the snow on their roofs above the locations of all their recessed-can light fixtures. Even better yet, the calls I truly love: "Why is my house the ...
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Going only in up and down motions.
After everything is said and done...
This is what you'll end up with!!!
You are my idol...you rocked this project! As always...! Thanks so much for the inspiration, Shelley!!ReplyDelete
I love this sign. It's beautiful - and such a creative way to showcase your family's journey thus far. I may have to make one myself!
Emily from Nap Time Is My Time
I love it SOOO much! It seriously looks professional!ReplyDelete
Okay this may be a stupid question but did you cut this with your silhoutte machine and if so how did you get it that wide? I'm a new owner of one and a bit confused on how to use it.ReplyDelete
I love love LOVE this and am so glad that you did a tutorial for it! It looks like there are a lot of steps to it, but I might just have to try to make one myself!ReplyDelete
I love this! I have wanted to do something similar for forever... with meaningful places to us. I love this idea though of all of your homes! So beautiful... thanks for the tutorial.ReplyDelete
I absolutely love it! If someone wanted this and compiled a list of their addressed for you would you be able to create a similar vinyl for them. . . and when I say them I mean me.ReplyDelete
I love this subway art! Sadly, I think we've moved too many times in the last 10 years for me to fit all of our old addresses on there! Maybe just our favorite places! ;)ReplyDelete
That is really neat! I like the idea of doing something like it with places we've travelled to.ReplyDelete
This is awesome! Love this idea. I don't have a Silhouette but have been thinking of getting one.ReplyDelete
Wow, wow, wow !! This is fantastic !! And, it looks fabulous surrounded by all of your wonderful family pics !! I MUST break down and purchase a Silhouette. Thanks for sharing, *Becca*ReplyDelete
what a fun project! I might need a BIG board to do this because I've lived in a lot of places! he, he!! Great job, it looks fab in that gallery!ReplyDelete
;0(LOVE LURVE LUV <3);)jenReplyDelete
Love it!! I would love to make something like this.ReplyDelete
Wow. That is so great...I really want one! I am moving (sadly) so I might need my old address somewhere for sentimental reasons. What a great idea. And, I LOVE the yellow/gray color scheme. You are so talented.
OK I just found your blog like 4 days ago via Pinterest, I'm not even kidding you, I've had your site open on my browser ever since going through your old posts (literally, ONE by ONE I'm on 10.03.10). I have to say reading through all your projects backwards is pretty fun ;). Can I just BE you when I 'grow up'? Pretty please?! You're so talented and amazing. Thanks for all the great ideas and inspiration. Love the subway art, that's my favorite decoration item lately.
I am also grateful for the silhouette inspiration, I've had one for 2 YEARS and have yet to figure out how the dang thing works so maybe I'll try again ;)
shelly, can you find me the best deal on the silhouette machine? i am ready to get one and i thought you might could give me the "hook-up"! thanks in advance!!!
I sure do wish I remembered all of my old addresses now. I love this project.ReplyDelete
Well Done!! Thanks for such an awesome tutorial! This would make an awesome anniversary gift for a couple that's lived several different places. Love the idea of using vacation locales, too.ReplyDelete
Great job! I noticed this board when you first posted photos of this wall and added the project to my never ending to do list. Thank you for the step by step, that will help a lot!!ReplyDelete
Love this! as a military family this is perfect!we've lived in 4 different house just since my daughter was born (she's 4! lol)ReplyDelete
This turned out perfectly. I just love subway artReplyDelete
this is SO beautiful! I'm glad that after all the fail & redo, it's turned out more amazing than imagined.
Great job!!
Amazing!!! Love it!!!ReplyDelete
It turned out wonderful! I love it. Not sure I'd have the patience or the stamina to complete something like this, but thanks for making me think real hard about it :-)ReplyDelete
Hello! So Emilie is a dear friend (photo by emilie) and she put me onto your cute blog, and oh my word girl, I LOVE it!! This photo wall with the ledge, beadboard, matching pops of yellow, offset with the clean white, and cute decor... is just magnificent!! GREAT JOB!!!
Omgosh I luuuuuuuuuv this! I love the way you did black and gray, it gives it a chalkboard look. ...and p.s. how in the world did you keep all the paint and sawdust off those red nails?!!! lol, you go girl! ;o)ReplyDelete
You are seriously a genius!!!!!! You are!!!!!!ReplyDelete
I'm new to your site (stumbled upon b/c of someone else's blog that mentioned your photo wall). That was the first post that I saw and I too LOVED your subway art. A very neat idea b/c we have also had a number of addresses. I am so in GLAD, HAPPY, ECSTATIC that you documented the process on HOW TO create that great looking piece of ART! It amazing, you took pictures of every step and documented it for those of us who would love to recreate it....THANK YOU so much! I've never done anything like this but now I think I can b/c you've shown how to do it.....really THANK YOU!ReplyDelete
Awesome, so happy you put a step by step on here for us!
It looks great! What machine do you have that cuts such large pieces of vinyl? I'm drooling with creativity!ReplyDelete
Super cute..I have been seeing this on several post in the background and wondered how you did it! Thanks for sharing the HOW TO...looks great!ReplyDelete
LOVE your idea! We've lived on lots of streets with strange names, this would be a lot of fun! Found you over at Today's Creative, signed up to follow...stop by when you get a chance... http://juliechats.blogspot.comReplyDelete
~~PLEASE PLEASE will you tell us where you got the wonderful metal wall mounted magazine holder! I have been searching high and low for one like that:) Thank You~~******ReplyDelete
I love this great project! Thanks so much for linking it up to Fab Friday at Faith, Trust, & Pixie Dust!
Warmly, Michelle
I love this! I decided to make one for my local high school. It turned out great. thanks for the inspiration!!ReplyDelete
I absolutely love the sign and the gallery wall. It looks gorgeous!! This whole space is gorgeous.
Oh, yeah.... I am sooo making this! Thanks for sharing! I am filing this at thecraftersfilebox.com
Thanks for the inspiration!!
This is fabulous! I have been wanting to try this. I love the pops of yellow in your photo collage and your lamps. Everything looks great!ReplyDelete
Bre-Try ebay or googling it.. DOES anyone know if we don't have the machine to print how what else we could do or where we could get one made?ReplyDelete
LOOOOOOVE it!!! I am dying to make one of these! And whose nails can stay looking so fabulous when they are painting and working and electric sander!? We are faithful followers!
I was just wondering, Do you print the vinyl yourself? if so how would I go about that?ReplyDelete
where do you make your vinyl stencils?
Thank you,
allison! I love this! I too am one of those people who have lived at the same address for over 35 years. :)
great ideas for other versions. I love signs of all types!
"catching" you this week.
I just found your site via pinterest and I love it! I love this subway art, and like others I am wondering how you printed your vinyl stencil so wide. I would love to make one myself! -LizanneReplyDelete
I've seen a lot of different forms of subway art and this is by far my favorite! You are so creative! And the fact that you used adresses that so far, so personal. Love it! How did you cut the vinyl so big? What machine do you have?? Not the silhouette clearly :) fab work!ReplyDelete
I was sooooo excited to see how you did this...but I forgot you have VINYL!! Poo...I don't have a way to get my hands on that right now. =( But REGARDLESS...it looks AWESOME! I have sign envy =) I have a song chorus I'm wanting to put on a big board like that for my son's room (or my living room...can't decide =) but I need to figure out a cheap way to do it. =) Anywho...sorry for the rambling. ;) All THAT to say - it looks GREAT, and what a BRILLIANT IDEA! ;) Tehee!ReplyDelete
Yay! I found it! (Just asked about this on your gallery wall post...) I am super excited to try this one out. Thanks for sharing!
Betsey at b.bar
What machine do you use for your vinyl? LOVE THIS!ReplyDelete
What machine did you use for this?ReplyDelete
I just made something like this for myself. I created mine in photoshop and ordered it as a large photo print mounted to foam core.
Ours is a list of the vacations we have been on from our honeymoon in 1999 until now. It came out cute and I love it. I used sticky strips to mount it to the wall, no frame or anything :) If you were into spending a little more money, you could certainly order it as a gallery wrapped canvas.
We haven't been anywhere all that amazing, but it's cute nonetheless.
WOW you made my day by linking up to my things I love series! :) THANK YOU! Happy Holidays!ReplyDelete
where do we find the vinyl silhouette? do we have to have a machine? LOOOVE your stuff by the way! !Found you via your pantry makeover!!! Thanks for sharing it all with us!ReplyDelete
How did you make the stencil?ReplyDelete
Great tutorial with wonderful pictures! Love it!!!ReplyDelete
Yes! I would love to know how to make the stencil/vinyl piece.ReplyDelete
Totally did this, as I am starting out our own "gallery wall" and I LOVED this idea - we're in the military, so we have a TON of addresses where we've lived :) Mine didn't turn out quite as nice, but I like the "rough" look that was completely accidental :)ReplyDelete
She has a silhouette cameo machine - it is used to make 12 inches wide by up to 12 feet long vinyl cut outs.ReplyDelete
Wow...I just came across your blog from Pinterest. I absolutely love your address board. What a super cute idea...TFS!!ReplyDelete
I absolutely love this idea! I think my kids would have fun looking at it too since three of them were born in different places. I can already hear them saying, "That's my address!" I'm pinning this because I don't know when I'll have time to do it. I'm very impressed by yours!
Bonny @ thedomesticatedprincess.blogspot.com
This is a great tutorial, and I was inspired to try my own version here
Love your blog!
WOW!!! This is a great idea. It looks perfect on your display! I made up my own saying & would like to attempt this project. In the step with the letters is that made with a cricut??? I do not own one of those. If you have any other ideas that I could use to transfer my saying I'd love to know. I realize you are very busy & may never see this. But, if you should I would love any suggestions. I have seen ones on canvas but I like this idea better. Thank you so much. AngelaReplyDelete
Hi Angela,
I used an industrial machine for the decal, but you could order one from leenthegraphicsqueen.com. I'm pretty sure she does custom orders :) Or geezee canvas's does this same type of typography art :)
l'effet est bluffant! j'aime beaucoup... à savoir maintenant si je trouve ce genre de pochoir en france. à bientôtReplyDelete
Great idea. It looks really nice in your home with the yelliow!!!ReplyDelete
I have a completely bizarre question, but I am in love with your metal file holder that is below the sign. Where did you find that gem? I love it and have been looking for ANYTHING similar for ages now. I would love to hear from you about it. Thanks!ReplyDelete
This is beautiful and perfect DIY wall art! Love it. Pinning to the Better HOmes and Gardens HOme project board ;)ReplyDelete
I just came across your blog... It was crazy for me to see your subway art. I've lived in 3 of your same towns. Small World!ReplyDelete
I just came across your blog... It was crazy for me to see your subway art. I've lived in 3 of your same towns. Small World!ReplyDelete
This is such a fantastic project... Thanks so much for the inspiration! So excited to get started.ReplyDelete
A good way to remind yourself of all those past addresses is a credit report or documents from your taxes. :) ... just an idea I had because I cannot remember all of those addresses either!ReplyDelete
A good way to remind yourself of all those past addresses is a credit report or documents from your taxes. :) ... just an idea I had because I cannot remember all of those addresses either!ReplyDelete
A good way to remind yourself of all those past addresses is a credit report or documents from your taxes. :) ... just an idea I had because I cannot remember all of those addresses either!ReplyDelete
I LOVE this!!!ReplyDelete
I adore this!! Since we're an Army family and have had 9 addresses in our 9 years of marriage, I wanted to do some subway art with all of our old addresses. I searched Pinterest and came across your tutorial. Thanks so much for posting this!ReplyDelete
Thank you for taking the time to leave your thoughts and comments. We truly love and appreciate each one!


text:
Search Human (Homo sapiens)
Genome assembly: GRCh37.p13 (GCA_000001405.14)
More information and statistics
Download DNA sequence (FASTA)
Convert your data to GRCh37.p13 coordinates
Other assemblies
Gene annotation
What can I find? Protein-coding and non-coding genes, splice variants, cDNA and protein sequences, non-coding RNAs.
More about this genebuild, including RNASeq gene expression models
Download genes, cDNAs, ncRNA, proteins (FASTA)
Additional manual annotation can be found in Vega
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What can I find? Homologues, gene trees, and whole genome alignments across multiple species.
More about comparative analysis
Download alignments (EMF)
What can I find? Short sequence variants and longer structural variants; disease and other phenotypes
More about variation in Ensembl
Download all variants (GVF)
What can I find? DNA methylation, transcription factor binding sites, histone modifications, and regulatory features such as enhancers and repressors, and microarray annotations.
More about the Ensembl regulatory build and microarray annotation
Download all regulatory features (GFF)


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SEC503: Intrusion Detection In-Depth
Mon, March 25 - Sat, March 30, 2019
- Contents | Additional Info
- Instructor: Dr. Johannes Ullrich
- 46 CPEs
- Laptop Required
Excellent Instruction!
The concepts learned in 503 helped me bridge a gap in knowledge of what we need to better protect our organization.
Reports of prominent organizations being hacked and suffering irreparable reputational damage have become all too common. How can you prevent your company from becoming the next victim of a major cyber attack?
Preserving the security of your site in today's threat environment is more challenging than ever before. The security landscape is continually changing from what was once only perimeter protection to protecting exposed and mobile systems that are almost always connected and sometimes vulnerable. Security-savvy employees who can help detect and prevent intrusions are therefore in great demand. Our goal in SEC503: Intrusion Detection In-Depth is to acquaint you with the core knowledge, tools, and techniques to defend your networks with insight and awareness. The training will prepare you to put your new skills and knowledge to work immediately upon returning to a live environment.
Mark Twain said, "It is easier to fool people than to convince them that they've been fooled." Too many IDS/IPS solutions provide a simplistic red/green, good/bad assessment of traffic and too many untrained analysts accept that feedback as the absolute truth. This course emphasizes the theory that a properly trained analyst uses an IDS alert as a starting point for examination of traffic, not as a final assessment. SEC503 imparts the philosophy that the analyst must have access and the ability to examine the alerts to give them meaning and context. You will learn to investigate and reconstruct activity to deem if it is noteworthy or a false indication.
SEC503: Intrusion Detection In-Depth delivers the technical knowledge, insight, and hands-on training you need to defend your network with confidence. You will learn about the underlying theory of TCP/IP and the most used application protocols, such as DNS and HTTP, so that you can intelligently examine network traffic for signs of an intrusion. You will get plenty of practice learning to master different open source tools like tcpdump, Wireshark, Snort, Bro, tshark, and SiLK. Daily hands-on exercises suitable for all experience levels reinforce the course book material so that you can transfer knowledge to execution. Basic exercises include assistive hints while advanced options provide a more challenging experience for students who may already know the material or who have quickly mastered new material.
A VM is provided with tools of the trade. It is supplemented with demonstration "pcaps," which are files that contain network traffic. This allows you to follow along on your laptop with the class material and demonstrations. The pcaps also provide a good library of network traffic to use when reviewing the material, especially for certification.
SEC503 is most appropriate for students who monitor and defend their network like security analysts, although others may benefit from the course as well. Students range from seasoned analysts to novices with some TCP/IP background. Please note that the VMware image used in class is a Linux distribution, so we strongly recommend that you spend some time getting familiar with a Linux environment that uses the command line for entry, along with learning some of the core UNIX commands, before coming to class.
Course Syllabus and Course Contents
Day 1/2: Fundamentals of Traffic Analysis
- Why should you capture and be able to analyze packets
- Understanding bits, bytes, binary, and hexadecimal
- TCP/IP concepts
- Using tcpdump and Wireshark and their filtering techniques
- Link layer, IPv4, IPv6, and fragmentation
- Transport layers TCP, UDP, and ICMP
Day 3: Application Protocols
- Microsoft protocols
- IDS evasions
Day 4: Network Monitoring: Snort and Bro
- Running, installing, configuring, and customizing Snort
- Writing Snort rules
- Running, installing, configuring, and customizing Bro
- Writing Bro scripts and signatures, and raising Bro notices
Day 5: Network Traffic Forensics
- Hands-on experience analyzing incident scenarios
- Using SiLK as an open source network flow records to expose network behavior anomalies
- Understanding and detecting covert channels
- Analyzing large pcap files
Day 6: NetWars IDS Version
- Collaborate with fellow students to compete in a NetWars IDS-specific challenge
You Will Learn:
- How to analyze traffic traversing your site to avoid becoming another "Hacked!" headline
- How to place, customize, and tune your IDS/IPS for maximum detection
- Hands-on detection, analysis, and network forensic investigation with a variety of open source tools
- TCP/IP and common application protocols to gain insight about your network traffic, enabling you to distinguish normal from abnormal traffic
- The benefits of using signature-based, flow, and hybrid traffic analysis frameworks to augment detection
Course Syllabus
SEC503.1: Fundamentals of Traffic Analysis: Part I
Dr. Johannes Ullrich
Mon Mar 25th, 2019
Day 1 provides a refresher or introduction, depending on your background, to TCP/IP. It describes the need to understand packet structure and content. It covers the essential foundations such as the TCP/IP communication model, theory of bits, bytes, binary and hexadecimal, an introduction. We introduce the use of open source Wireshark and tcpdump for analysis.
We begin our exploration of the TCP/IP communication model with the study of the link layer, the IP layer, both IPv4 and IPv6 and packet fragmentation in both. We describe the layers and analyze traffic not just in theory and function, but from the perspective of an attacker and defender.
All traffic is discussed and displayed using the two open source tools, Wireshark and tcpdump. Students can follow along with the instructor viewing the sample traffic capture files supplied. Six hands-on exercises, one after each major topic, offer you the opportunity to reinforce what you just learned.
CPE/CMU Credits: 8
Concepts of TCP/IP
- Why is it necessary to understand packet headers and data?
- TCP/IP communications model
- Data encapsulation/de-encapsulation
- Discussion of bits, bytes, binary, and hex
Introduction to Wireshark
- Navigating around Wireshark
- Examination of Wireshark statistics
- Stream reassembly
- Finding content in packets
Network Access/Link Layer: Layer 2
- Introduction to 802.x link layer
- Address resolution protocol
- ARP spoofing
IP Layer: Layer 3
- IPv4
- Examination of fields in theory and practice
- Checksums and their importance, especially for an IDS/IPS
- Fragmentation: IP header fields involved in fragmentation, composition of the fragments, fragmentation attacks
- IPv6
- Comparison with IPv4
- IPv6 addresses
- Neighbor discovery protocol
- Extension headers
- IPv6 in transition
SEC503.2: Fundamentals of Traffic Analysis: Part II
Dr. Johannes Ullrich
Tue Mar 26th, 2019
Day 2 continues where the previous day ended in understanding the TCP/IP model. Two essential tools, Wireshark and tcpdump, are further explored, using their advanced features to give you the skills to analyze your own traffic. The focus of these tools on Day 2 is filtering traffic of interest in Wireshark using display filters and in tcpdump using Berkeley Packet Filters. We proceed with our exploration of the TCP/IP layers covering TCP, UDP, and ICMP. Once again, we describe the layers and analyze traffic not just in theory and function, but from the perspective of an attacker and defender.
Once again, students can follow along with the instructor viewing the sample capture files supplied. Four hands-on exercises, one after each major topic, offer you the opportunity to reinforce what you just learned.
CPE/CMU Credits: 8
Wireshark Display Filters
- Examination of some of the many ways that Wireshark facilitates creating display filters
- Composition of display filters
Writing tcpdump Filters
- Format of tcpdump filters
- Use of bit masking
- Examination of fields in theory and practice
- Packet dissection
- Checksums
- Normal and abnormal TCP stimulus and response
- Importance of TCP reassembly for IDS/IPS
- Examination of fields in theory and practice
- UDP stimulus and response
- Examination of fields in theory and practice
- When ICMP messages should not be sent
- Use in mapping and reconnaissance
- Normal ICMP
- Malicious ICMP
SEC503.3: Application Protocols and Traffic Analysis
Dr. Johannes Ullrich
Wed Mar 27th, 2019
Day 3 introduces the versatile packet crafting tool Scapy. It is a very powerful Python-based tool that allows the manipulation, creation, reading, and writing packets. Scapy can be used to craft packets to test the detection capability of an IDS/IPS, especially important when a new user-created IDS rule is added, for instance for a recently announced vulnerability.
The examination of TCP/IP culminates with an exploration of the application protocol layer. The concentration is on some of the most widely used, and sometimes vulnerable, crucial application protocols: DNS, HTTP(S), SMTP, and Microsoft communications. Our focus is on protocol analysis, a key skill in intrusion detection.
IDS/IPS evasions are the bane of the analyst, so the theory and possible implications of evasions at different protocol layers are examined.
Again, students can follow along with the instructor viewing the sample traffic capture files supplied. Four hands-on exercises, one after each major topic, offer you the opportunity to reinforce what you just learned.
CPE/CMU Credits: 8
- Packet crafting and analysis using Scapy
- Writing a packet(s) to the network or a pcap file
- Reading a packet(s) from the network or from a pcap file
Advanced Wireshark
- Exporting web objects
- Extracting SMTP attachment content
- Wireshark investigation of an incident
- Tshark
Detection Methods for Application Protocols
- Pattern matching, protocol decode, and anomaly detection challenges
- Its vital role in the Internet
- The resolution process
- Caching
- Malicious DNS, including cache poisoning
Microsoft Protocols
- Detection challenges
- Protocol format
- Detection challenges
- Protocol format
- Sample of attacks
- Detection challenges
IDS/IPS Evasion Theory
- Theory and implications of evasions at different protocol layers
- Sampling of evasions
- Necessity for target-based detection
Four hands-on exercises, one after each major topic, offer you the opportunity to reinforce what you just learned.
SEC503.4: Network Monitoring: Snort and Bro
Dr. Johannes Ullrich
Thu Mar 28th, 2019
The fundamental knowledge gained from the first three days provides a fluid progression into one of the most popular days SEC503. Snort and Bro are widely deployed open source IDS/IPS solutions that have been industry standards for many years.
The day begins with a discussion on network architecture including the features of intrusion detection and prevention devices along with a discussion about options and requirement of devices that can sniff and capture the traffic for inspection. Next, the topic of the analyst's role in the detection process is examined. Before Snort and Bro are discussed, the capabilities and limitations are considered.
Snort detection flow, running Snort, and rules are explored with an emphasis on writing efficient rules. It is likely that false positives and negatives will occur and tips for dealing with them are presented.
Bro's unique capability to use its own scripting language to write code to analyze patterns of event-driven behavior is one of the most powerful detection tools available to the analyst. We discuss how this enables monitoring and correlating activity and demonstrate with examples.
The Day 4 format has less instruction and longer hands-on exercises to encourage you to become more comfortable with a less guided and more independent approach to analysis. This is intended to simulate the environment of an actual incident investigation that you may encounter at your sites.
Four hands-on exercises, one after each major topic, offer you the opportunity to reinforce what you just learned.
CPE/CMU Credits: 8
Network Architecture
- Instrumenting the network for traffic collection
- IDS/IPS deployment strategies
- Hardware to capture traffic
Introduction to IDS/IPS Analysis
- Function of an IDS
- The analyst's role in detection
- Flow process for Snort and Bro
- Similarities and differences between Snort and Bro
- Introduction to Snort
- Running Snort
- Writing Snort rules
- Solutions for dealing with false negatives and positives
- Tips for writing efficient rules
- Introduction to Bro
- Bro Operational modes
- Running Bro
- Bro output logs and how to use them
- Bro scripting
- Using Bro to monitor and correlate related activity
SEC503.5: Network Traffic Forensics
Dr. Johannes Ullrich
Fri Mar 29th, 2019
The penultimate day continues the format of less instruction and more hands-on training using three separate incidents that must be analyzed. The three incident scenarios are introduced with some new material to be used in the related hands-on analysis.
This material includes an introduction to network forensics analysis for the first scenario. It continues with using network flow records to assist in analysis of the traffic from the second scenario. It concludes with the third scenario where Command and Control channels are discussed and managing analysis when very large packet capture files are involved.
CPE/CMU Credits: 8
Introduction to Network Forensics Analysis
- Theory of network forensics analysis
- Phases of exploitation
Using Network Flow Records
- What is the open source tool SiLK?
- How to use SiLK for analysis
Examining Command and Control traffic
- Introduction to command and control traffic
- Covert DNS tunnel software dnscat2
- Tunneling software The Onion Router (TOR)
Analysis of large pcaps
- The challenge of analyzing large pcaps
Three separate incident scenario pcaps are analyzed by the students.
SEC503.6: NetWars: IDS Version
Dr. Johannes Ullrich
Sat Mar 30th, 2019
The week culminates with a fun hands-on NetWars: IDS Version challenge. Students compete in teams to answer many questions that require using tools and theory covered in the first five days. This is a great way to end the week because it reinforces what was learned by challenging the student to think analytically and strengthens confidence to employ what was learned in in a real-world environment.
CPE/CMU Credits: 6
Additional Information
Laptop Required
You will need to run a Linux VMware image supplied at the training event on your laptop for the hands-on exercises that will be performed in class. Some familiarity and comfort with Linux and entering commands via the command line will facilitate your experience with the hands-on exercises.
You can use any version of Windows, Mac OSX, or Linux as your core operating system that can install and run VMware virtualization products. You also must have 4 GB of RAM or higher for the VM to function properly in the class.
Please download and install VMware Workstation 11, VMware Fusion 7, or VMware Player 7 or higher versions on your system prior to class beginning. If you do not own a licensed copy of VMware Workstation or Fusion, you can download a free 30-day trial copy from VMware. VMware will send you a time-limited serial number if you register for the trial at their website.
Mandatory Laptop Hardware Requirements
- x86- or x64-compatible 1.5 GHz CPU minimum or higher
- USB Port
- 4GB RAM or higher
- 60 GB free hard drive space
- Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10, Mac OS X, or Linux - any type
- Wireless Ethernet 802.11 B/G/N/AC
Do not bring a laptop with sensitive data stored on it. SANS is not responsible if your laptop is stolen or compromised.
By bringing the right equipment and preparing in advance, you can maximize what you will learn and have a lot of fun.
If you have additional questions about the laptop specifications, please contact email@example.com.
Who Should Attend
- Intrusion detection (all levels), system, and security analysts
- Analysts will be introduced to or become more proficient in the use of traffic analysis tools for signs of intrusions.
- Network engineers /administrators
- Network engineers/administrators will understand the importance of optimal placement of IDS sensors and how the use of network forensics such as log data and network flow data can enhance the capability to identify intrusions.
- Hands-on security managers
- Hands-on security managers will understand the complexities of intrusion detection and assist analysts by providing them with the resources necessary for success.
- Students must have at least a working knowledge of TCP/IP and hexadecimal. To test your knowledge, see our TCP/IP and Hex Quizzes.
- Familiarity and comfort with the use of Linux commands such as cd, sudo, pwd, ls, more, less
What You Will Receive
- Course book with each day's material
- Workbook with hands-on exercises and questions
- DVD with the Packetrix Linux VMware image
- TCP/IP pamphlet cheat sheet
- MP3 audio files of the complete course lecture
You Will Be Able To
- Configure and run open source Snort and write Snort signatures
- Configure and run open source Bro to provide a hybrid traffic analysis framework
- Understand TCP/IP component layers to identify normal and abnormal traffic
- Use open source traffic analysis tools to identify signs of an intrusion
- Comprehend the need to employ network forensics to investigate traffic to identify a possible intrusion
- Use Wireshark to carve out suspicious file attachments
- Write tcpdump filters to selectively examine a particular traffic trait
- Craft packets with Scapy
- Use the open source network flow tool SiLK to find network behavior anomalies
- Use your knowledge of network architecture and hardware to customize placement of IDS sensors and sniff traffic off the wire
Hands-on Training
The hands-on training in SEC503 is intended to be both approachable and challenging for beginners and seasoned veterans. There are two different approaches for each exercise. The first contains guidance and hints for those with less experience, and the second contains no guidance and is directed toward those with more experience. In addition, an optional "Extra Credit" question is available for each exercise for advanced students who want a particularly challenging brain teaser. A sampling of hands-on exercises includes the following:
- Day 1: Hands-On: Introduction to wireshark
- Day 2: Hands-On: Writing tcpdump filters
- Day 3: Hands-On: IDS/IPS evasion theory
- Day 4: Hands-On: Snort rules
- Day 5: Hands-On: Analysis of three separate incident scenarios
- Day 6: Hands-On: The entire day is spent engaged in the NetWars: IDS Version challenge
Press & Reviews
"This course provides a good basis of knowledge and presents important tools which will be at the core of any intrusion analysis." - Thomas Kelly, DIA
"This course is valuable for anyone interested in IDS. The instructor's knowledge and willingness to help you understand the material is unlike any other training I have been to. Great course and instructor." - Dannie Arnold, U.S. Army
"Course was designed around real-world intrusions and is highly needed for network security administrators and/or analysts."- Hector Araiza, U.S. Air Force
What To Take Next?
Courses that lead in to SEC503:
Courses that are prerequisites for SEC503:
Courses that are good follow-ups to SEC503:
Author Statement
When I was invited to be a member of a computer incident response team in the late 1990s (just after Al Gore invented the Internet), there was no formal cybersecurity training available. Consequently, I learned on the job and made my share, and then some, of mistakes. I was so naive that I tried to report an attack on our network by a host with an IP address in the 192.168 reserved private network, available for use by anyone. Needless to say, I got a very embarrassing enlightenment when someone clued me in. With the benefit of experience and the passage of time, there are many lessons to be shared with you. This knowledge affords you the opportunity to learn and practice in the classroom to prepare you for the fast-paced always-interesting job of intrusion detection analysts.
- Judy Novak


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Appery.io is a newly enhanced cloud-based mobile platform from Exadel with scripting capabilities to create business logic for both client-side and server-side applications.
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Tigers' Cabrera will have groin surgery
Detroit slugger played through strain
Detroit Tigers third baseman Miguel Cabrera, who was slowed by a groin strain late in the season and into the playoffs, will undergo surgery this week, the team announced Sunday night.
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On Sunday, Cabrera was announced as the AL recipient of the Hank Aaron Award, given to the top hitter in each league. Arizona Diamondbacks first baseman Paul Goldschmidt was the NL winner.


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Author Name: Rajeev K. Varshney Deposit Date: 2016 Author Name: P. B. Kavi Kishor Author Name: Douglas R. Cook Keyword Term: BAC Author Name: Andrew D Farmer Keyword Term: BES-SSR markers
1 to 1 of 1 Result
Oct 25, 2016 - Genotypic
Abhishek Bohra; Anuja Dubey; Rachit K Saxena; R. Varma Penmetsa; KN Poornima; Naresh Kumar; Andrew D Farmer; Gudipati Srivani; Hari D. Upadhyaya; Ragini Gothalwal; S Ramesh; Dhiraj Singh; K.B. Saxena; P. B. Kavi Kishor; Nagendra K Singh; Christopher D. Town; Gregory D May; Douglas R. Cook; Rajeev K. Varshney, 2016, "BES-SSR markers map of Pigeonpea from ICP 28 x ICPW 94", https://doi.org/10.21421/D2/XWFWPP, ICRISAT Dataverse, V1With the objective of enhancing genomic resources for Pigeonpea, this study reports for the first time, large scale development of SSR markers from BAC-end sequences and their subsequent use for genetic mapping and hybridity testing in Pigeonpea CMap Visualization Links: ICP 28 x...
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Lot 22 (Homes and Interiors (including Toys and Models), 13th November 2018)
An Italian 9ct gold Figaro chain bracelet with T-bar, clasp damaged and links worn, 21.77g
Sold for £185
Condition report
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For absentee bids, Sworders bid on your behalf and attempt to purchase the lot for you at the lowest price, allowing for other bids and any reserve price, up to your pre-submitted maximum bid. Absentee bids can be left online or in person at our saleroom.
Absentee bids can be left up to half an hour before the start of any sale. Please note when we receive two or more absentee bids for the same amount, the first bid received will be the buyer.
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For telephone bids, we will contact you during the sale, and a saleroom representative will bid live with you over the phone. Bid amounts do not include buyers premium. We offer this service for higher value lots with an estimate of £500 or more for our Specialist Sales. Requests to bid by telephone need to be made before 4pm, the day before the sale.
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* Any lots purchased via a third party live online bidding service (e.g. the-saleroom.com) will be subject to an additional commission charge on the hammer price in accordance with rates specified by the online service.
The auction details are as follows:
Auction: Homes and Interiors (including Toys and Models), 13th November 2018
12 November 2018 9am - 7pm
13 November 2018 from 9am
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United States District Court, N.D. Iowa, Western Division
July 9, 2018
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff,v.JOSE RAMOS-LOPEZ Defendant.
K.E. Mahoney United States Magistrate Judge
On July
9, 2018, the above-named Defendant, Jose Ramos-Lopez, by
consent (Doc. 7), appeared before the undersigned United
States Magistrate Judge pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal
Procedure 11, and entered a plea of guilty to Count 1 of the
Indictment (Doc. 1). After cautioning and examining the
Defendant under oath concerning each of the subjects
mentioned in Rule 11, the court determined that the guilty
plea was knowledgeable and voluntary, and the offense charged
was supported by an independent basis in fact containing each
of the essential elements of the offense. The court therefore
RECOMMENDS that the plea of guilty be
accepted and the Defendant be adjudged guilty.
At the
commencement of the Rule 11 proceeding, the Defendant was
placed under oath and advised that if he answered any
questions falsely, he could be prosecuted for perjury or for
making a false statement. He also was advised that in any
such prosecution, the Government could use against him any
statements he made under oath.
court asked a number of questions to ensure the
Defendant's mental capacity to enter a plea. The
Defendant stated his full name, his age, and the extent of
his schooling. The court inquired into the Defendant's
history of mental illness and addiction to narcotic drugs.
The court further inquired into whether the Defendant was
under the influence of any drug, medication, or alcoholic
beverage at the time of the plea hearing. From this inquiry,
the court determined that the Defendant was not suffering
from any mental disability that would impair his ability to
make a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary plea of guilty to
the charge.
Defendant acknowledged that he had received a copy of the
Indictment, and he had fully discussed the charge with his
court determined that there was no plea agreement.
Defendant was advised also that after his plea was accepted,
he would have no right to withdraw the plea at a later date,
even if the sentence imposed was different from what the
Defendant or his counsel anticipated.
court summarized the charge against the Defendant, and listed
the elements of the crime. The court determined that the
Defendant understood each and every element of the crime, and
the Defendant's counsel confirmed that the Defendant
understood each and every element of the crime charged.
court elicited a full and complete factual basis for all
elements of the crime charged in Count 1 of the Indictment to
which the Defendant was pleading guilty.
court advised the Defendant of the consequences of his plea,
including the maximum fine, the maximum term of imprisonment,
and term of supervised release.
respect to Count 1, the Defendant was
advised that the maximum fine is $250, 000;
the maximum term of imprisonment is 2 years;
and the maximum period of supervised release is 1
Defendant also was advised that the court is obligated to
impose a special assessment of $100.00,
which the Defendant must pay. The Defendant also was advised
of the collateral consequences of a plea of guilty. The
Defendant acknowledged that he understood all of the above
Court advised Defendant that, because Defendant is not a
United States citizen, it is likely Defendant will be
deported from the United States after serving any prison
sentence imposed. The Court also advised Defendant that this
conviction may affect Defendant's ability to ever
lawfully reenter the United States.
court explained supervised release to the Defendant, and
advised him that a term of supervised release would be
imposed in addition to the sentence of imprisonment. The
Defendant was advised that there are conditions of supervised
release, and that if he were found to have violated a
condition of supervised release, then his term of supervised
release could be revoked and he could be required to serve in
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Mitochondrial myopathies are a group of diseases. Each disease has different symptoms. Some may be mild while others are life threatening. However, the diseases are all caused by a problem with the mitochondria.
Mitochondria are tiny structures found in almost all cells. It is their job to provide energy to these cells. Mitochondrial myopathies can interfere with many different bodily functions. It tends to have the greatest impact on structures that are active, such as the muscles and nerves.
Risk Factors
Having a family member with the mutated gene increases the risk of mitochondrial myopathies.
Mitochondrial myopathies can cause a range of symptoms, but usually include muscle fatigue, weakness, and exercise intolerance. Symptoms by specific condition include:
Other general symptoms include:
- Lack of balance or coordination
- Heart arryhthmias or heart failure
- Problems with eye movements—either problems with control or inability to move them
- Seizures
- Stroke-like episodes
- Vomiting
- Cognitive or learning deficits
- Dementia
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. You will also be asked about any family history of the disease. An eye exam may also be done.
Your bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with:
- Muscle biopsy
- Blood tests
- Lumbar puncture —to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord
Your heart's electrical activity may be tested. This can be done with an electrocardiogram (EKG).
Your nerve function may be tested. This can be done with electromyography (EMG).
There is no specific treatment for these diseases. Instead, treatment will focus on managing the symptoms. Treatment options include the following:
Dietary Supplements
Supplements may help make energy in the cells. These may include:
Physical Therapy
Therapy may be used to strengthen muscles and improve mobility. Some may need devices like braces, walkers, or wheelchairs to help get around.
Speech Therapy
Muscle weakness in the throat may make talking or swallowing difficult. Speech therapy may help strengthen the muscles or work around the weakness.
Respiratory Therapy
Respiratory therapy will help make sure breathing is normal. It may involve some training techniques for respiratory muscles. It can include pressurized air treatment or the use of a ventilator.
Medications may be needed for symptoms such as irregular heartbeat, seizures or pain.
There are no current guidelines to prevent mitochondrial myopathies. If you have a family history of the disorder, you can talk to a genetic counselor when deciding whether to have children.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Michael Woods, MD, FAAP
- Review Date: 09/2018 -
- Update Date: 08/24/2017 -


text:
Let's Talk Gender: What Women Bring to Home Performance
A version of this article appears in the July/August 2014 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
July 02, 2014
It's no secret that home performance is a male-dominated industry. Attend any industry conference and you'll quickly see that women are vastly outnumbered. That being said, there are still women in the industry—and those women certainly hold their own. As the assistant editor for Home Energy magazine, I too can claim to be a woman in home performance. Yes, a lot of my experience comes from being on the sidelines, but I do make it a point to visit job sites occasionally and see actual installation work being done.
To read complete online articles, you need to sign up for an Online Subscription.
Once an order has been placed there is an automatic $10 processing fee that will be deducted with any cancellation.
The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.


text:
This is a bit of a peripheral line for me, but since a cousin made the information available, I am happy to share it here. All the credit goes to Julee Hicks for this post. Nearly everything in this post will be from the biographies and photos she forwarded.
From the Autobiography of Parley:
"I, Parley LeRoy Wagstaff was born April 9, 1903, in Glendale, Oneida (now Franklin) County, Idaho, to William Addison and Mary Magdalina Wanner Wagstaff. The fifth child to join this union, I was blessed May 10, 1903.
"My earliest recollection was when I went to the Logan Temple to be baptized on April 18, 199 by Joseph M. Smith and confirmed April 18, 1911 by Thomas Morgan. At the age of six I started school which was in a one-room building which served as a church and school with a black stove to keep it warm. Father, being the custodial, it fell my lot and my brother Bill's to go and build the fire in the mornings and at night we had to sweep and dust so it would be ready for school the next day.
"The school house being two and a half miles away we had to walk or ride a horse. A horse fell on my leg and my Dad put a splint on it and I stayed in bed while it healed.
"At the age of 12, I was ordained a Deacon, May 3, 1914 by Joseph M. Smith. I served as president for awhile.
"In the summers I worked for neighbors for very little money and my board. In September 1919, we moved to West Weber; I and Bill drove a team of horses with our belongings from Idaho to West Weber. In October or November, we were quarantined with a disease and didn't start school until the first of 1920, then we went to Wilson, I graduated on May 29, 1920.
"I was ordained a priest March 1, 1925 by David Hancock. I spent my time helping on the farm in the summer and running a grain binder all over Weber County. In the winter I helped feed cattle for Lu Keller and helped Dad milk cows.
"On January 17, 1928, I was ordained an Elder by Francis F. Stratford Sr.
"On March 14, 1929, I was married to Eliza Blanch in the Salt Lake Temple. We have been blessed with five children, two boys and three girls. One passed away at birth.
"We have lived all our lives in West Weber, running a diary farm. On January 5, 1964, I was ordained a Seventy by Spencer W. Kimball, and on August 9, 1970, I was ordained a High Priest by Francis E. Stratford Jr."
This is all I have of Parley's autobiography. Here is his funeral program.
Here is the biography of Eliza:
"Eliza Dorthea Blanch Wagstaff was born August 2, 1908 in West Weber, Weber County, Utah. She was one of nine children born to Joseph and Laura May Etherington Blanch.
"Like most young girls she attended school, participated in church activities and helped her parents on the farm.
"Eliza considered it a privilege to work in various homes before her marriage. She says to know people is to love them.
"Her marriage to Parley L. Wagstaff took place in the Salt Lake Temple, March 14, 1929. They moved several times; the last time into the old family home where she was born and reared. They were the parents of five children, Duane LeRoy, Elelyn W. (Purdy), LaNea W. (Rawson), Brent William and an infant daughter who died at birth.
"Before her marriage Eliza taught a Sunday School Class with Mary Penman for five years. For 25 years she has been an ardent worker in the Primary; starting in 1933 as a teacher. She was appointed second counselor to President Isabell Wagstaff in 1943. Two years later she was released. She held this same position twice under President Una C Greenwell; first, from March 1957 to August 1958 and from 1962 to 1964. From 1949 to 1957 she helped the 11 year old Guide boys become second class scouts and graduate from Primary before they were ordained Deacons. She was appointed by President Thomas O. Smith to work in the North Weber Stake Primary Board, February 3, 1958 and was assigned tot he Guide Patrol Department. She was released August 20, 1962.
"Sister ELiza had the privilege of teaching Evelyn during her three years as Mother Bee Keeper, daughter Beehive girl.
"Sister Wagstaff was appointed second counselor to President Leila C. Heslop in the Ward Relief Socity January 3, 1965. She was changed to first counselor September 12, 1965, and is currently working in this capacity. She has been a visiting teacher for several years.
"Parley and Eliza were called to work on the Old Folks Committee in May 1955 and are still working on this assignment (1968).
"Eliza has been a member of the Daughters of Utah Pioneers since 1947 and has held the following positions in the organizations: Captain from 1953 to 1955 and Historial from 1961 to the present time (1968).
"The following quotation is from Sister Wagstaff: "The crowning glory of my life came with motherhood. Children of angels of God in disguise; they are idols of hearts and households."
This photo was taken at a birthday party for Sarah Judkins in 1941.
Eliza died 12 March 1992 in West Weber. She was buried 15 March 1992 in the West Weber Cemetery. Parley died 18 January 1996 in Bountiful, Davis, Utah. He was buried 22 January 1996 beside his wife.


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This is a surgery to remove severely diseased and damaged lung. They are replaced with healthy lungs from a deceased donor. One or both lungs may be transplanted. In some cases, a heart transplant is done at the same time. In that case, the procedure is called a heart-lung transplant .
Reasons for Procedure
A lung transplant is done to treat irreversible, life-threatening lung disease, such as:
- End-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
- Cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (a genetic disorder)
- Sarcoidosis
- Pulmonary fibrosis
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Possible Complications
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Blockage of the blood vessels to the new lung(s)
- Blockage of the airways
- Fluid in the lung
- Blood clots
- Rejection of the donor lung (your body's immune system attacks the new lungs)
Conditions related to taking immunosuppressant drugs
- Infection
- Cancer
- Diabetes
- Kidney damage
- Osteoporosis
- Anesthesia-related problems
- Death
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
Before you have a lung transplant, you will go through an intensive evaluation. This is done to determine if you are a good candidate for this surgery. During the evaluation, which often requires a hospital stay, you will have some or all of the following tests:
- Physical exam
- Blood tests
- Tissue typing
- Electrocardiogram (EKG)
- Chest CT scan —to look at the lung structure
- Echocardiogram —to examine the size, shape, and motion of the heart
- Pulmonary function tests —to measure the function of the lungs
- Ventilation-perfusion lung scan—a test that examines the movement of blood and air through the lungs
- Cardiac catheterization —to detect problems with the heart and its blood supply
If you are a good candidate for a transplant, you will be put on a waiting list. There is a shortage of donors. You may need to wait a long time. You will need to carry a cell phone with you at all times. This will allow the transplant team to reach you if a donor lung becomes available. Donors are matched carefully for size, tissue type, and other factors. In some cases, a healthy family member can donate a lung if you only need a single transplant.
Leading up to your procedure:
- Arrange for a ride to the hospital.
- Talk to your doctor about your medications. You may be asked to stop taking some medications up to one week before the procedure.
- Your doctor may ask you to stop taking some medications up to one week before the procedure.
- Eat a light meal the night before. Do not eat or drink anything after midnight.
General anesthesia will be used. It will keep you asleep during the surgery.
Description of the Procedure
For a single lung transplant, the doctor will make an incision on your side. It will be about 6 inches below your underarm. For a double lung transplant, the doctor will make an incision across the lower chest.
You will be put on a ventilator and a heart-lung machine. This machine will take over the functions of the heart and lungs during surgery. Next, the doctor will remove a small section of rib. This will allow access to your lung. The old lung will be cut away from the main blood vessel and bronchus (large airway). The new lung will then be inserted. The doctor will attach the blood vessels and bronchus to the new lung.
How Long Will It Take?
- 4-8 hours for a single lung transplant
- 6-12 hours for a double lung transplant
Immediately After Procedure
You will stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) for 2-3 days.
- The doctors and nurses will monitor your pulse, breathing, and vital functions.
- A catheter will stay in your bladder until you can pass urine on your own.
- You may initially have a breathing tube and ventilator. It will be removed when you are able to breathe on your own.
- You will begin immunosuppressive drugs to prevent your body from rejecting the new lung
How Much Will It Hurt?
Anesthesia will prevent pain during surgery. Pain and discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications.
Average Hospital Stay
This surgery is done in a hospital setting. The usual length of stay is 7-10 days. Your doctor may choose to keep you longer if you shows signs of rejecting the new lungs or have other problems.
Post-procedure Care
Arrange for help at home until you can manage on your own. Ongoing treatment and monitoring may include:
- Measuring and tracking your temperature, weight, and blood pressure
- Taking immunosuppressive drugs for the rest of your life
- Pulmonary function tests
- Blood tests
- Lung biopsies at regular intervals to check for lung rejection
- X-rays and EKGs
Lifestyle changes, such as:
- Avoiding exposure to tobacco smoke and other toxic elements
- Exercising regularly to help maintain lung capacity
- Limiting your intake of salt, foods high in fat and cholesterol, sweets, and alcohol
It will take about 6 months to recover from a lung transplant.
Call Your Doctor
It is important for you to monitor your recovery after you leave the hospital. Alert your doctor to any problems right away. If any of the following occur, call your doctor:
- Breathing problems
- Signs of rejection including fever, chills, achiness like the flu, shortness of breath, decreased ability to exercise
- Signs of infection including fever and chills
- Redness, swelling, increasing pain, excessive bleeding, or any discharge from the incision site
- Persistent nausea and/or vomiting
- Pain that you can't control with the medications you were given
- Coughing up blood
- Waking up at night due to being short of breath
- Increase in phlegm production
- Pain or burning
- Sudden headache or feeling faint
- Changes in blood pressure or weight
- Burning, urgency, frequency of urination, or persistent bleeding in the urine
Call for emergency medical services right away if any of the following occurs:
- Fast breathing or trouble breathing
- Cough, shortness of breath, or chest pain
- Chest pain that is new or worse
- Blue or gray skin color
If you think you have an emergency, call for emergency medical services right away.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Michael Woods, MD, FAAP
- Review Date: 09/2018 -
- Update Date: 08/29/2017 -


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Jim's Interior Design
Jim's Interior Design offer comprehensive, affordable and exciting options to enable sellers to sell quickly and sell for absolute top dollar.
If you are thinking of selling and would like to know more about the benefits of staging your home for sale, don't hesitate to contact the experts at Jim's Interior Design.
Jim's Interior Design stage homes that are owner occupied, homes that are vacant and homes that are on display to the public. Properties can be staged with almost no budget and properties can be staged with huge budgets. Australian studies by the Institute of Home Staging have reported that house staging can add 7 – 17% to your overall property sale price – so the spend is very much worthwhile.
* Data has been gathered using local and international studies on the Home Staging Industry by the Institute of Home Staging.
What is house staging?
The term house staging is interchangeable with property styling and generally speaking is the art of preparing a house for sale, with the aim of:
- appealing to a huge number of buyers
- selling a home swiftly and
- selling for a great price
Staging for house sale isn't a new concept, but the value in having your home presented in the best possible light during the sales campaign is being recognized by real estate agents, buyers and vendors more and more.
It is always stressed that the first impression is the key factor in selling your home. In fact, Real Estate Agents say that potential buyers are forming an opinion on your property within 10 seconds of walking through the front door.
In staging your house for sale, a Jim's Interior Design expert will work with the 'flow' of a home, eliminate clutter, add furniture, remove furniture, rearrange furniture, add soft furnishings and generally make the home more appealing and presentable.
What do Jim's Interior Design offer?
Jim's Interior Design offer the installation of your choice of three themes or overlays, put together by stylists to showcase a suite of property styles and target audiences.
Mod Oz is a modern take on furniture and furnishings. It appeals to family buyers and is open, light and welcoming in its presentation.
Nordic Coastal is a fusion of current Scandinavian and Hampton design trends – natural and highly textural it suits a more sophisticated, fashion forward palette.
Global luxe is all about understated elegance, a bit moody, a touch of the eclectic.
Read more about Jim's Interior Design's interiors packages – Mod Oz, Nordic Coastal and Global Luxe.
Jim's Interior Design also offer a layby option so you can concentrate on saving your money for any other jobs you need to do to get your property ready to go to market.
Looking to sell your home for more? Don't hesitate, talk to the experts at Jim's Interior Design on 131 546 now.
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Tips on Planning to Sell your HomeWhen planning to sell your home, you'll need to get a lot of ducks in a row. It's kind of why moving home is up there among life's most stressful events. Planning will set you up to make the most of your sale, ensure that you are well inform...
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Tip – Find and retain the best real estate agentsTips from an Expert Property Stylist on how to Find the Best Real Estate Agent - for you! Meet with some agents and invite them to do an appraisal on your property for free. Keep in mind the Agent suggesting the highest achievable price for your ...
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Tips – How long does it take to stage your home?How long does it take to stage your home for sale? There are known peaks and troughs in the real estate market. 'Everyone' wants to sell in spring and summer, but not too near Christmas, or a long weekend and make sure your auction isn't raine...
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TIP – Use a Vendor's AdvocateAdvice on Vendor Advocacy from Melbourne's Property Styling Experts If you are time poor consider using a Vendor Advocate. They will generally charge you percentage of the sale price or other similar fee structure. It's certainly not necessary ...
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Tile and Grout Cleaning Pewsey Vale. Do you have dirty tiles with worn out grout? Look no further than Fresh Tile Cleaning in Pewsey Vale. Our tile cleaning services include tile & grout cleaning, regrouting, recaulking, tile polishing, grout coloring, tile sealing, tile repairing, & others. Call 1800441506.
Looking for Best Tile and Grout Cleaning Pewsey Vale?
The flooring of your house can go a long way in keeping your house well-maintained and impressive. You might not have thought about this before, but nothing hurts the interior of your house as much as dirty tiles and grout.
Thus, proper tile and grout cleaning Pewsey Vale is an important task not only for keeping your house tic-tac but also for maintaining the well-being of your family. Unfortunately, this can be hectic and hassle full job.
Nothing to worry, Fresh Tile Cleaning is at your service. In fact, we are leading tiles and grout cleaning company in Pewsey Vale. We provide our tile and grout cleaning Pewsey Vale services to both commercial and residential establishments.
Why is it Necessary to Clean the Tiles and Grout on a Regular Basis?
Maintenance of the tiles and the grout present in our house is of extreme importance. We will tell you why:
- First and the foremost reason is that the dirty tiles and grout make our houses look messy and makes it extremely unhygienic to live in.
- The unhealthy conditions arising due to the dirty tiles may lead to certain diseases in the kids, who crawl on the floor all the day. The germs may get transferred to their body and cause issues like diarrhea, vomiting and the likes.
- If you don't clean the spills and the dropping of various things on a daily basis, there is a possibility that these things leave behind stains on the tiles, influence their original color and deteriorate their overall look.
- If the spills are not cleaned immediately, they may get into the porous material of the grout. This weakens their holding capacity, eventually making the tiles look unevenly placed.
- Dirty tiles and grout are also harmful to the pets present in our houses. This is owing to the reason that they play, sleep on the floor, the germs may get transferred to their body. This may be harmful to them.
Tile Repairs
Got done with the chipped, loose, cracked and discoloured tiles? Get your tiles repaired by hiring the experts in Pewsey Vale. In case the tiles of your floors, walls, bathroom, stairs or pools have damaged, we can restore them to new if you have some tiles left with after their installation. Fresh Tile Cleaning professionals in Pewsey Vale are highly experienced and deliver you the best results by repairing broken/cracked tiles.
Epoxy Grouting & Regrouting
Epoxy grouting is one of the best ways to repel stains, grime and contaminants from your tile grouts. The grouts are made up of highly porous materials that attract soil, impurities and pollutants and make look the entire tile surface ugly. That is when epoxy grouting come to your rescue. The professionals of Fresh Tile Cleaning in Pewsey Vale offer amazing services for epoxy grouting and regrouting.
Grout Colour Sealing
Another best technique to restore your grouts is grout colour sealing. In this technique, our experts in Pewsey Vale seal your grout lines using a high-quality colour sealer that will last longer. This process involves the application of epoxy based colour sealant to seal the grout lines. This epoxy-based sealant is used to make sure your grout stays safe from future staining. Also, with the use of epoxy grout colourant, you can stay at the peace of mind from the fear of chipped, peeling and cracking grouts.
Stone Polishing
We also offer stone and tile polishing services in Pewsey Vale. We use very high-power diamond disc machines to give your stones and tiles reflective finish. The advanced technology used by these machines removes scratches and marks from the floors that are not possible to see with the naked human eye. Polished floors have small pores, which means fewer chances of dirt and grime accumulation.
Kitchen Tile Cleaning
You may not consider kitchen tile cleaning as a difficult task, but the fact is you may need still need professional help for the thorough and complete tile cleaning. Grease, oils, airborne particles and grime gets accumulated on the tiles of the kitchen. The cleaning solutions you use at home are not sufficient for removing tough greasy stains from your tiles, that is when you need professionals tile cleaners in Pewsey Vale for the perfect cleaning.
Can You Clean Tiles and Grout at Home?
Well, yes, you can! However, how useful would it be would solely depend on the extent of dirt. Here are a few DIY methods through which you can attempt to clean tiles and grout at home:
Regular use of the disinfectants
You should use organic disinfectants on a daily basis. This cleans the tiles and grout and removes all kinds of germs as well.
Blot the spills
Accidental spills and droppings are easy to clean. Just take a good cotton cloth, fold it into 4-5 layers, blot it with a mixture of vinegar, baking soda, and water. Leave the cloth over the stain so that the chemical reacts well. Then wipe it out. You will get perfectly cleaned up tiles.
Vacuuming once a week
If you are too busy with your work and hardly get time to clean your house properly. Make sure that you vacuum the floors at least once a week. It avoids accumulation of the dirt in between the grout and the gaps.
Oxygenated bleaches help to clean yellowness of the tiles and old stains
If you find your tiles are losing luster, you can certainly do something to retain the shine. Just take a 2-3 spoon of oxygenated bleach and mix it in 2-3 cups of water. Mix them well. Now, take a light nylon brush. Dip it in the mixture and then clean the dark old stains, yellowish part of the tiles.
Do it with light hands, as you don't want to leave scratch marks of the brush on the tiles. Once you do the same process on all the tiles, clean the entire floor with lukewarm water and let it dry. You will notice the tiles have regained their lustrous texture. It makes them look new and fresh.
Now, above-mentioned methods serve best when the tiles and the grout have got slightly dirty. If the mess is to a larger extent, it is better to hire professional tile and grout cleaning Pewsey Vale services. It makes your work a lot easier and you don't have to spend your energy and time on the weekends.
The Process We Opt To Clean Your Tiles and Grout
- As soon as we get an appointment from you, we send two of our experts to the concerned site in order to inspect it.
- The second day, the process starts with vacuuming the floor properly. This helps to remove the surface dust and dirt and makes our further work a lot easier.
- Then, we turn our focus on the stains, dirt and the dust particles which have settled in the gaps and the grouts as well. For this, we use organic bleach and other organic chemicals. This is done manually.
- Our team of tile cleaners removes stains with the help of these chemicals and uses a nylon brush to rub it. If needed, we may use cotton cloth it depends on the type of tiles we are dealing with.
- After this, we turn our focus to the corners and the tiles present under the table, chairs etc. In order to remove the yellowness of the tiles and retain the lustrous shine of the tiles, we use organic and oxygenated bleaching agent.
- Once we finish the cleaning, we wash off the entire floor with lukewarm water twice in order to remove the chemicals and the foul smell. Then we leave it to dry for an hour.
- This finishes our work and the tiles of your house look fresh as new.
Why Hire Our Tile and Grout Cleaning Pewsey Vale Services?
- Our local and licensed tile cleaning experts are highly trained and skilled in their work.
- The tools and the technology we use to clean the tiles and the grout are totally latest and trustworthy.
- We use organic chemicals and bleaches only, pertaining to the reason that they are not harmful to the environment, pets, and human beings.
- The price we charge for the entire process of professional tile cleaning is extremely reasonable and can be afforded by people of all the classes.
- You can put your faith in us, as our work is perfect and we leave no scope for complaints behind us.
Hire us once, we are sure that you will love our tile and grout cleaning Pewsey Vale services and hire us again and again.
"Friendly Service"
Location: Pewsey Vale, SA, Australia