text:
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that causes short stature, called dwarfism, and a large head, also known as macrocephaly. It is a disorder in which bone and cartilage do not grow normally. It is the most common cause of dwarfism.
This condition leads to people reaching a full-grown height of around 4-4½ feet. The greatest shortening occurs in the bone between the shoulder and the elbow and the bone between the hip and the knee. There may also be underdevelopment of the face.
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder. It is caused by mutations in the FGFR3 gene. This gene prevents the growth of cartilage at the growth plate. FGFR3 encodes a protein called Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3. This protein is the site of action of a major growth factor responsible for lengthening bones. When this growth factor cannot act properly due to the absence of its receptor, the growth of bones, at the growth plate's cartilage, is slowed. This leads to shorter bones, abnormally shaped bones, and shorter stature.
The gene for achondroplasia can be passed from one generation to the next. If a parent has the disorder, there is a 50% chance of passing the gene for achondroplasia to children. In most cases of achondroplasia, it more commonly is the result of a sudden genetic defect that occurs in the developing embryo.
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase the chance of achondroplasia include:
- Children of a parent with achondroplasia
- Children of normal-sized parents who carry a mutated FGFR3 gene
- Advanced paternal age causing spontaneous mutations
Symptoms of achondroplasia include:
- Short stature, a normal trunk, and shortened limbs, which are noticeable at birth
- An adult height around 4-4½ feet
- A head that is large and a forehead that is prominent
- Portions of the face can be underdeveloped
- At birth, the legs appear straight, but as a child begins to walk, he or she develops a knock-knee or bowed-leg deformity
- The hands and the feet appear large, but the fingers and toes are short and stubby
- Straightening of the arm at the elbow may be limited, but usually does not keep someone from doing any specific activities
- Children may develop an excessive curve of the lower back and a waddling walking pattern
- Dental problems
Other common symptoms include:
- Weight control problems
- Dental problems from overcrowding of teeth
- Neurologic and respiratory problems
Fatigue, pain, and numbness in the:
- Lower back
- Spine
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The strength of your extremities and your bladder control will be evaluated. Weakness and loss of bladder control are both signs of spinal stenosis, which is a narrowing of the spinal canal. It is important to follow the doctor's advice to make sure that spinal stenosis does not develop without being recognized. This generally occurs between the ages of 20-40 years.
Your blood may be tested.
Images may be taken of your body's structures. This can be done with:
At this time, there is no cure for achondroplasia. Scientists are exploring ways to create alternate growth factors which can bypass the missing receptor and lead to normal bone growth. They may offer the possibility of enhanced stature to future families who have children with achondroplasia.
Treatment with human growth hormone has been used for over a decade. It effectively increases bone growth rate, at least in the first year of life. There have been few studies looking at whether children treated with growth hormone achieve greater adult height.
Surgery is sometimes needed to correct specific skeletal deformities.
- Spinal fusion—Permanently connects otherwise separate vertebrae.
- Laminectomy—Opens the spinal canal to relieve pressure on the compressed spinal cord from spinal stenosis.
- Osteotomy—Bones of the leg are cut and allowed to heal in the correct anatomical position. This procedure is for those with severe knock-knee or bowed legs.
Osteotomy has primarily been used to correct deformities. In recent years, bone lengthening procedures have been used for many short-statured children, including those with achondroplasia. The procedures are lengthy, traumatic, and demanding for both children and their families. Complications, sometimes serious, are common. One center has reported an average leg length gain of about 7 inches and an average increase in arm length of about 4 inches for achondroplastic individuals who undergo surgery. The combination of growth hormone therapy followed by lengthening surgery may provide benefit in achieving near-normal stature and proportions.
There are no steps to prevent a genetic disorder. Genetic counseling can be used to discuss the chances that your child will have achondroplasia. You may consider this counseling if you are planning on having a child and have a family history of genetic conditions.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board James P. Cornell, MD
- Review Date: 03/2018 -
- Update Date: 03/08/2016 -


text:
Diego Calleja: Why KDE Rules
KDE convert Diego Calleja explains Why KDE Rules by showing off some of its power features. He starts by dismissing some myths about KDE then tells us about the application that brought him to KDE, amaroK. Power features explained include KParts, DCOP and KIOSlaves. "I wrote this document to tell everybody why KDE is great, why it's worth using (great functionality), supporting (great development platform) and hacking (great design) and why you can expect many other awesome features from KDE 4."
Old year blues
Having used kde for quite some time, doing some minor development as well, reading this makes me wonder if any glory is still to gain here. Is it time for something new (or how to keep developers interested)?
By koos at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Old year blues
One word: QtRuby.
By KDE User at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Old year blues
Yeah, absolutely. Ruby brings back the fun to coding, it's a perfect match for KDE. It's just a matter of time until we'll see a huge KDE app written with Korundum. In fact it's so tempting that I'd like to participate, just looking for some nice ideas ;)
By Mark Kretschmann at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
RAD with ruby and Eric3 or KDevelop
Thanks for the positive comments about the ruby bindings. I'm looking forward to seeing what people will do with Korundum - it should be possible to write apps which couldn't be done at all in C++. For instance, dynamically accessing SOAP or REST services is much, much easier in ruby - that's one possible 'killer feature' for KDE ruby programming.
You can use QtRuby/Korundum with both the Eric3 (from 3.8 onwards), and Kdevelop. They both have graphical ruby debuggers and integrated support for Qt Designer .ui files to ruby code. The version of PyQt/PyKDE with KDE 3.5 has support for QScintilla ruby syntax highlighting which you need for ruby support with Eric3.
KDevelop has ruby KDE project templates which allow you to write 'proper' KDE apps, that can use resources like icons or .xml KDE gui files, and which you can start from the KDE menu.
By Richard Dale at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: RAD with ruby and Eric3 or KDevelop
Instead, why not make SOAP and REST service
Just my 2 cents.
By fp at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
amaroK 3.0 in Korundum. Let's do it. :)
By Ian Monroe at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Old year blues
And another word: PyKDE. If KDE4 still depends on Python (by using SCons and bksys), it would be cool to be able to guarantee the PyKDE/PyQt bindings will be present on a system with a KDE install. I know it's one of the factors that holds me back when i'm thinking about writing a small KDE application.
By Cerulean at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Old year blues
Bksys/Scons is just a build-time thing, so KDE4 won't depend on python.
But I agree, having like Korundum in kdelibs would truely give developers the freedom to code in the language of their choice.
By Ian Monroe at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Old year blues
Good point. Well designed interpreted languages like Python and others are a blessing (or they should be). Why ? Because I think there are many developers who have, say, one hour a day to contribute to an OS project. This is hardly enough with a compiled language, where getting the sources, recompiling, etc. takes a long time. But it should let you make serious contributions if you only need to get latest svn and then start coding immediately, and see the results immediately, and then push the cahnges to svn.
And, for many, many applications, it does not mean a performance penalty, provided that the dirty work is done in c++ (by the Qt/KDE libs).
By MandrakeUser at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: Old year blues
Sorry but I just can't agree with you here.
Starting out with a new project might be easier in agile languages and of course each language has its strong points that makes certain things really easy to do compared to others, but I think that if you work on an existing project you can fix the same amount of bugs or add the same amount of small features in an hour in C++ as in Python or other interpreted languages.
In my experience as a occassional bug-fixer / small-feature-adder for some OSS projects written in C++ (non-KDE btw) you hardly spend any time compiling after the first time so it's absolutely doable.
So I don't think it necessarily better, easier or faster using agile languages instead of C++, what I do think is that it has a lot to do with using all available resources and knowledge. The fact is that there are a lot of developers out there that don't know C++ and (for all kinds of reasons) have no plans to learn it either. All those developers are basically "lost" to KDE and I do think it could help KDE greatly if we could get some of them to spend their time on making great apps.
By Quintesse at Sat, 2006/01/07 - 6:00am
too bad he used NVU to do it
he could have used Quanta, another great KDE project.
By patcito at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
Only if it doesn't crash for so long!!!
By anilet at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
And the bug report number is...
Yes, VPL is not that stable, I know, still we try to fix it. But in source mode (which is the big power of Quanta) I would be interested to see a crash that is
By Andras Mantia at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
Well, VPL is the most important part of Quanta. Doing things visually with little knowledge of HTML (well, I know some basic html 4.0) is where NVU rocks.
By anon at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
> Well, VPL is the most important part of Quanta.
This is a little hard statement, especially that:
But I understand why VPL is important for newbies, and we want to make it really usable, so again, report the bugs and we will try to fix them.
By Andras Mantia at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
> from the feedback we (developers) get, source editing (HTML, XML, PHP), user
Well, isn't because VPL sucks (so far?) -- I would love to use it, but it is just such bother, that I usually switch to source code. Program which would provide completness of HTML-editing of Amaya with human-useful interface would be most awesome!
By Matej at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
VPL does some things good, like adhering to your DTD and not mangling your entire file to edit one node. As for the rest... Don't forget it relies on KHTML which has also been under heavy development to support VPL. We had to write a lot of code just to find out if some things would even work and the complexity of the procedural discussions will make your eyes glaze over. The first code base of both the KHTML code and VPL was thrown out for the second which is being tossed aside for the third. The third should benefit from some of Apple's Webcore code and it should finally get a contextural interface. Even with the initial benefit of the KHTML rendering engine the task of visual development done right is a MASSIVE undertaking. I really doubt most people have a clue how massive.
BTW I reject the idea that people who are doing little more than paragraphs, italics and links can't learn to push buttons on a toolbar and then click preview. Frankly if you don't know how to write HTML you're not going to know what the hell you're doing when you want to create a stylesheet or advanced layouts. The idea that you can actually succeed without any knowledge or that learning the equivalent of a dozen new words is difficult are both sad. What Quanta does well is helps you learn as you go and takes your basic conceptual knowledge and empowers you to perform with the full power of specific knowledge. I want VPL to be the best tool for newbies, but the idea that you can somehow produce anything of quality with zero knowledge is a myth worthy of Microsoft PR and it's produced a lot of garbage on the web. That garbage is why it's so hard to make a browser that delivers a perfect experience.
FWIW visual tools to date have universal failings.
Our development of VPL has followed our approach to Quanta, which is DTD independent and easily produces compliant mark up. NVU is a glorified HTML mail composer and they've had way more resources than us. It's foundationally ill equiped for an XHTML future. Of course it's target was MS FrontPage. PHP developers prefer Quanta over Dreamweaver side by side... which is an incredible achievement. VPL is NOT the most important part, but we hope to finally get it right by version 4. When we do we will have accomplished something no other visual development tool has by addressing the bullet points above. I hope it gets more recognition than just "oh, it's easy to use now".
By Eric Laffoon at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
Sadly NVU doesn't seems really impressive to me. Too much Michael Robertson marketing, too little improvements over Mozilla's original code to stand up the claims.
By Shulai at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: too bad he used NVU to do it
I was released only this summer. And of course NVU is Mozilla Composer+.
However I believe that Quanta's interface for VPL is worse than NVU, esp. on smaller screens.
By gerd at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Some ideas are stupid
"I recommend you two things: First, wait for KDE 3.5.1" ... I say first wait to die and then .. speak with God ;)
By zvonSully at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Some ideas are stupid
Tell me why it's "stupid"
When I was a Gnome user I tried to switch to KDE and it failed to do it a few times. The change of "mentality" is there, you need to think in another way and it's NEVER easy. I definitively recommend anyone who switchs to another desktop to do a gradual switch.
By Diego Calleja at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Don't be so damn halfhearted!
>"KDE uses too many resources": Yes, that's true.
Why do people like to say "yeah, we suck....but other people suck too". Isn't this meant to be an article about why KDE rules? If so, should we not talk about those things that make KDE rule?
Listing a few accusations that a few fanatic minorities like to shout about, and then defending them on the back foot doesn't help.
If you want to make an admission that "yeah things aren't perfect here...or anywhere else", then do so in the middle of a paragraph or somewhere that people don't care about, PLEASE don't do it in the opening sentences.
If your major battle strategy is based around defense, then you've already lost the war. Just ask the French about WW2, and the Maggeno line.
By halcyonCorsair at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
Ah, pardon me, that should have been "Maginot", rather than "Maggeno".
By halcyonCorsair at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
Why do people like to say "yeah, we suck....but other people suck too". Isn't this meant to be an article about why KDE rules?
It's meant to be an article about why kde rules, but it's not intended to be an article which lies people.
Besides, people LIKES seeing people admiting things like that un public. THey trust you when you look "sincere" and there're more chances that they'll take you seriously than if you write an article saying only the good things of kde
By Diego Calleja at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
Indeed, every writing class I've ever had told me to acknowledge the counter-agruments in your opinion paper. It makes your agruments stronger.
By Ian Monroe at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
>"KDE forces me to install many libraries!": Welcome to the world of code reutilization.
By Andrei Slavoiu at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
>Actualy this is completly false, KDE only forces you to install QT, that is ONE library
and what about libdbus, libarts, kdelibs,... ?
>while any GTK+ based desktop forces you to install 5 (gtk, atk, pango, cairo and glib). So this actually one of the strengths of QT (KDE).
But at the end it's not more or less. It's just another way to package things. One throw everything together in one large lib and the other divide it in different logical packages.
That's why i like this article a lot. It doesn't try to tell you the great story from the great knight who know everything and can do everything. It's a honest article about the beauty of KDE which doesn't lie about things which some people may consider as a disadvantage but explain it in a objective way.
By pinky at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
>"KDE uses too many resources": Yes, that's true.
Indeed, a simple runlevel 1 bash uses far less resources (and i don't wanna miss it in an emergency) but KDE is why I spent some thousand buckazoids to buy a new usparc, so why waste the power? And wouldn't this be a little bit unfair to the devs, who spent years of free time to make it?
>"C++ sucks": Indeed, C++ is not the greatest language invented...
Yeah, lisp rules, we know that. I have used quite some languages, starting with z80 asm for my doctor thesis, but I somehow stuck with C++, it's not perfect, but has that nice-and-everything-is-right feeling. Java is fine, very well designed and nearly perfect, but to be honest, I _hate_ it (although I earn my money programming in it).
By therehastobeone at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
the fact java earns your income might very well be the reason you hate it :D
anyway, i agree with you on the use of KDE - i had to run icewm lately, because KDE was broken. well, no fun. i wanted to drag a taskbar entry to another destkop with the pager... yeah, can't do that. then i wanted an 'always on top' button on my windowdecoration (which is ugly in icewm, no matter what theme you choose). no go again. of course, i miss having two panels (i need some space for the media applet, kdict and run command applets, and my favorite applications) and of course i miss the great KDE look.
By superstoned at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
Hey, I hate Java too!
By Iuri Fiedoruk at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
the classpath project enables native compilation. Classpath made great progress this year.
By gerd at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Don't be so damn halfhearted!
>Java is fine, very well designed and nearly perfect
your kidding of course... right? :S
By attendant at Sun, 2006/01/01 - 6:00am
Too many resources
> "KDE uses too many resources": Yes, that's true.
No, that's not true. It is obviously not true, because if it was true, nobody would use KDE.
Would anybody use anything that's "too whatever", especially if there were other alternatives? People who think KDE uses too many resources don't use it. People who do use KDE may perhaps think it uses many resources, but they don't think it's too many - if they use KDE, they apparently think it's worth it.
And, of course, there's also the question whether KDE really uses many resources and what the hell does many resources actually mean.
By Luboš Luňák at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Too many resources
I recently installed the latest Mandriva (compiled with gcc4 ), and KDE is REALLY snappy. Then of course, if I configure every possible kde service, application and applet to run at start up, login is obviously slower, and memory usage is larger. BUT that's because you are getting a zillion features for Stroustrup's sake !
Also, it is INCREDIBLE how many people complain about memory usage, just because they don't know about cached memory. They think it is being used, while this memory is just there to be reused if needed, giving a huge performance gain (since memory access is orders of magnitude faster than _any_disk_ access). Oh well ...
Cheers !
By MandrakeUser at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Too many resources
"No, that's not true."
Well, it is. I think what he meant is that "KDE could do the exact same things it does today, but with less resources. But for some reason it needs more resources". And the fact that the developers are still optimizing KDE and making it faster and less resource-hungy, proves that statement. Since KDE is been made faster all the time, it means that currently KDE is consuming more resources than it needs to consume.
By Janne at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: Too many resources
then it is true for almost every application, and a very "DUH!" statement for a project as big as KDE.
By superstoned at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: Too many resources
No, it is not. You may think whatever you want about what he meant, but the fact is that he wrote something, and that's not true. Period. As for the rest, sorry, but that's really naive view of things. Do you expect somebody to snap their fingers and magically make everything suddenly perfect? Perfect things don't exist in reality.
By L.Lunak at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: Too many resources
"Do you expect somebody to snap their fingers and magically make everything suddenly perfect?"
No. Where exactly did I say that I'm expecting anything of the sort? The fact that KDE is optimized all the time is a GOOD THING! I have no problems with KDE's performance, but I'll gladly welcome any performance-improvements the devels manage to give us. Yes, KDE could be faster and more efficient. It could consume even less RAM than it does. And if the devels manage to do that, great! But I don't really have any issues with the way things are today.
By Janne at Sun, 2006/01/01 - 6:00am
Just my 0.2 cents. :o)
I personally agree with some of the technical issues put into the spot light as well as some of the "usability" examples mentioned, however, and although Diego, you probably meant well, I think that the text takes a somewhat ...aggressive? ...stand and that can well inspire negative feelings in those that are not KDE users.
That, on a whole is not a positive thing and doesn't serve anyone. What do you think Diego?
By Pascal Klein at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Just my 0.2 cents. :o)
I tried to write an article about why KDE rules. I don't flame other desktops.
Yes, I wrote some words about Gnome - but only in the "FAQ" section, and I clearly said they're my opinion, and I clearly said I don't "hate other desktops". I removed some hard words about gnome and other desktops thanks to some suggestions BTW. What's wrong with saying that the embedded video player in the kde file selector rules, and that I switched to kde because Gnome and others don't have it? That's a fact, nothing else.
That said, I'm SURE some people will have negative feelings reading this article. But that's how people behaves, some people can't accept other people's opinion. And some people can't even accept objetive facts. If gnome guys write a example about how great gnome usability is, some kde troll will jump flaming BUT IT DOESN'T HAVE KIO AND KPARTS. Some people is just stupid, and the best thing you can do is to ignore them.
By Diego Calleja at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Just my 0.2 cents. :o)
haha, i love your english ;-)
anyway, i agree with you - some ppl never change. they never see other ppl prefer other things. and gnome DOES have several advantages - tough imho the disadvantages outrun them anyway (duh, thats why i use KDE).
but there are still many features you didn't mention. split window in konqueror, drag'n'drop of konqi tabs, autocompletion in every inputfield, to name a few of my personal favorites. ow, and you can re-order and add to the buttons on the windowdecoration (i love the 'always on top' button). and you can give every window a shortcut, and set a universal "window fullscreen" shortcut (i use alt-enter for this - its lovely to have this option in ALL applications).
and what about the great search function in kcontrol in KDE 3.5 (yeah it WAS in 3.4 i know)? makes navigating kcontrol much easier...
btw konqueror supports extentions, just like firefox - for years. quite some extensions are there, like speak-text, translate webpage, auto-reload and a list of pages open when konqi crashed last time.
need i go on? what about a 'edit toolbar' in EVERY kde app? :D there is so much to discover, one can go on and on.. shift-downkey for smooth scrolling in konqi and kpdf (i NEEEEEED this in kmail and the other kontact apps btw). works great with alt-enter/fullscreen if you want to read articles in kpdf. alt-enter to have it full-screen, make it fit with, shift-down (adjust speed with shift down/up again) and sit down & read.
and what about the scrolling that just WORKS? in windoze, you can only scroll in certain applications without first having to CLICK the scrollbar!!! how stupid... you can't scroll in windows that don't have focus, and you generally can't scroll on the taskbar (volume, tasks), not over tabs, you can't increase text size in word (unless you first click) nor zoom factor (try all this in kword or konqueror). and yes, in KDE horizontal scrollbars scroll too - of course, if you mouse over a scrollbar, shouldn't it scroll? well, KDE is the ONLY desktop environment I know of where this works (but i admit, i only tried Mac OS X and windows XP, not gnome or others).
just some ideas for another article :D
By superstoned at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: Just my 0.2 cents. :o)
I agree with all the "likes" that you mentioned and I'll add a couple favorites:
Right click on maximize makes the window as wide as possible but doesn't change the height. Middle click on maximize makes the window as tall as possible but doesn't change the width. I use this all the time.
And probably my favorite thing in KDE is the "magnetic" windows that align themselves as you drag a window close to another. I find it very hard (annoying is probably a better word) to use desktops without this feature.
BTW - I had a good time playing with the video preview in the file selector last night. What never ceases to amaze me is the comprehensiveness of the tools in KDE. For crying out loud, the file selector is basically a very powerful application in it's own right. For instance, try resizing the preview pane of the file selector window. The video preview automatically resizes without missing a beat. This is a sign of good architecture - when things work like you expect them (hope for them) to.
By AlfredNilknarf at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: On the video preview
Somehow the video preview failed, i.e. it shows nothing on videos. Pictures etc work.
By Phase II at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: On the video preview
You need to first install KMplayer:
and then the video preview will work. Most distros (SUSE, Redhat, Mandrake, etc) don't install KMplayer by default, and some don't even offer it as a package for some unfathomable reason.
By Vlad C. at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: Just my 0.2 cents. :o)
My own "KDE fan and proud of it history"
Earlier this year I was asked to install a FTP app in a customer computer to send files to the main office.
By Shulai at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Nice read...
...well balanced.
By Martin at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
I found it an objective story, but that might just be my opinion. ;-)
By Dennie at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
One sucky thing in KDE... kmail!
No, this is not meant as a troll, but as a cry of despair. Kmail sucks. It has great potential - but there is a tiny little problem.
It's dirt slow on large volumes of email.
I get aprox 800-1000 emails per day through various work-related mailinglists. Most of them automated. I've set up rules to filter them into various folders with kmail.
This works okay.
Then I'm off for a one week vacation...
Between six and seven thousand emails await.
It takes aproximately 60 seconds to fetch and filter 1000 messages.
When trying to filter the 6000 messages, it has only chewed through 200 after 15 MINUTES.
There is something wrong there. It seems like there's an O(n^2) algorithm in there somewhere. Someone has pointed at klistviewer or something like that.. whatever -- in all cases, it's horrible.
Someone has said that it'll be fixed with KDE4.. but that's still a long way off. It would be _Great_ if someone could do something about this in a 3.x update. I feel the urge to move back to mutt more and more every day .. and quite frankly that sucks, as I love the KDE gui. :-)
By Anonymous at Fri, 2005/12/30 - 6:00am
Re: One sucky thing in KDE... kmail!
until now HUGE data cannot be managed by KDE applications easily. Perhaps it was not intended that KDE applications would handle large volume of mails, huge text files, thousands of pages of kword document, etc.,
I hope KDE 4 will be the best Desktop which will handle huge data stuff easily... good luck.
By Asif Ali Rizwaan at Sat, 2005/12/31 - 6:00am
Re: One sucky thing in KDE... kmail!
This is the most god-awful troll ever.
Please, back up ANYTHING you just said.
By Joe at Mon, 2006/01/02 - 6:00am

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Shame, my appetite for roleplay has returned as of late. But I'll definitely pay more attention to the discord, some people on this site I can't forget.
I kinda miss y'all ima be honest. And apparently the old academy of heroes group is well and alive, more or less. Is it too late to hop in?
Kanga-B doesn't want anything to do with this site anymore, so he asked me to deliver you a message. Would you like to hear his delightful message?
About Re1gn's thread, was I one of the people that was out of line?
If I can't see a thread but I suspect that the owner is a bot, do I still report them?
Ohh im sorry idk about that...cuz mine is not lagged..okay i will remove thay
Judging by how many posts 2-D has and the rate you're posting a day, you will beat 2-D's posts count in 873.89 days.
Mr.Devour,can you please approve my post?I had to add the battles and availability info.
_(´ω`_)⌒)_ ))ズリズリ*Crawl*~
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Just Smiling
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Black Jack - Constantin
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|Move the steel balls through the maze
|Level 9 - Gruelling
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|European Wood Puzzles, Jean Claude Constantin
|4 1/2 in x 3/4 in x 3 1/8 in / 11.7 cm x 2 cm x 8.1 cm
Product Description
Another double-maze by Jean-Claude Constantin. The wooden mazes slide back and forth while the balls can move up and down. Navigate both mazes simultaneously in order to solve the puzzle and free the slider.
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SCOPE: Strategies to Combine PrEP With Prevention Efforts (SCOPE)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01832571
Recruitment Status : Withdrawn (Study is closed early due to withdrawal of funding. No study procedures were implemented.)
First Posted : April 16, 2013
Last Update Posted : July 15, 2013
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Condition or disease
|Drug: Once daily Truvada®
|Not Applicable
Participants will undergo the following procedures: blood draw for HIV (screening, enrollment, month 1, quarterly follow-up visits and final) and creatinine testing (screening, month 3 and final) and urine pregnancy test (at screening, enrollment and final). At screening, participants will have an HBV antigen test. Information on demographics, sexual behaviors, risk perceptions, partners' HIV status, medical history, PrEP and program acceptability, self-reported adherence to PrEP, alcohol and drug use, depression, social support, stigma, self-efficacy, gender-based violence, contraceptive use, adverse events, and symptoms of potential acute HIV infection will be collected during the study. Detailed information on Truvada for PrEP will be given to the participant and the the participant will be counseled on HIV-risk reduction (according to existing program) during the screening visit. Patient-centered and integrated counseling on HIV risk reduction and PrEP adherence will be conducted at enrollment and follow-up visits. Sexually transmitted infections (STI)will be assessed and treated during visits per local clinical procedures. If a pelvic exam is done per routine clinic procedures, a vaginal and/or endocervical swab will be collected and stored for future research related to HIV infection.
A cohort of 25 systematically-selected participants at each site will have three rounds of in-depth interviews (IDI) to explore the context surrounding many of the study's endpoints. The first IDI will be conducted at the month 1 visit after PrEP initiation. The second IDI will be conducted at the month 3 visit. The third IDI will be conducted at the final study visit.
An IDI will be conducted with all participants at each site who were assigned and willing to use the electronic pill monitoring device (n=25 per site). The purpose of the IDIs is to explore the reasons underlying PrEP use patterns (e.g. the number of times the pill bottle was opened over a specific period of time -- limited, intermittent, or high number of openings). Two rounds of IDIs will be conducted with these participants. The first IDI will be conducted at the month 3 visit and the second at the month 6 visit.
Exit interviews will be conducted with up to 30 participants at each site. Participants may be purposefully selected based on their drug level adherence data or electronic pill measurement data (e.g. low, intermittent, or high PrEP users) or based on other specific issues that emerged over the course of the study (e.g., limited partner support).
Two brief face-to-face (FTF) structured surveys will be administered to all HIV prevention program staff to assess the variables/domains related to the feasibility measures. The first survey will be administered around the initiation of the study and the second survey towards the end of the study. Two interviews will be conducted using a questionnaire with both open- and closed-ended questions, with all counselors and providers, such as nurses, medical officers, and doctors, to gather more in-depth data on the feasibility measures. The first interview will be conducted approximately one month after the first participant is screened and the second interview toward the end of the study.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|0 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Single Group Assignment
|None (Open Label)
|Official Title:
|Open Label Prospective Study of Strategies to Combine Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)With Prevention Efforts
|Study Start Date :
|June 2013
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|July 2013
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|July 2013
Experimental: Once daily Truvada®
One tablet of Truvada (200 mg of emtricitabine and 300 mg of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) daily
Drug: Once daily Truvada®
At the enrollment visit, participant's eligibility is assessed per protocol and she is provided with a 30 day supply of Truvada and instructed to take one tablet orally once daily with or without food. Each tablet contains 200 mg emtricitabine (FTC) and 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). Participants will receive Truvada at each clinic visit after it is confirmed that she is HIV negative. There will be a 1 month follow-up visit after enrollment. Thereafter, participants will have quarterly visits until April 2014.
Other Name: Truvada®
- Drug Adherence [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Describe the patterns of adherence to a regimen of daily oral Truvada® among female sex workers currently or newly enrolled in established HIV prevention programs
- PrEP Integration [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Assess the feasibility of integrating PrEP into existing HIV prevention programs for female sex workers
- Assess adherence [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Describe self-reported and electronically-monitored patterns of adherence to a regimen of daily oral Truvada® among female sex workers currently or newly enrolled in established HIV prevention programs
- drug level adherence [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Assess the correlation between drug level adherence data and participant self-reported adherence data
- risk-taking behavior [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Assess the impact of PrEP on HIV risk-taking behavior
- factors affecting Adherence [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Identify factors associated with adherence to PrEP
- Support of prEP Adherence [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Assess impact of adherence support by peer educators on PrEP adherence
- Contraceptive Use [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Describe Contraceptive Use
- Resistance among Seroconverters [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Assess resistance to TFV or FTC among seroconverters
- Birth Outcomes [ Time Frame: 11 months ]Assess birth outcomes among women who choose to continue PrEP during pregnancy
- Tenofovir Concentrations [ Time Frame: 11 months ]9. Describe tenofovir concentrations among women who choose to continue PrEP during pregnancy
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- At least 18 years of age
- Willing and able (i.e., successfully complete an open-ended comprehension assessment on key topics related to the study) to give written informed consent
- Expresses willingness at screening and enrollment to take PrEP daily
- Willing to provide contact information and be contacted by staff between visits (per participant-approved methods)
- Is sexually active, defined as having had at least one vaginal sex act in the last four weeks, and reports receiving money or goods in exchange for sex in the last 6 months as part of her source of income/livelihood
- Is HIV antibody negative on rapid test algorithm at the enrollment visit
- Does not have symptoms suggestive of acute HIV infection at the enrollment visit (i.e., fever (temperature above 38ºC), fatigue, sweating, night sweats, pain, rash, pharyngitis, headache, muscle and joint pain, adenopathy (cervical and inguinal), vomiting, diarrhea and coughing) combined with self-reported possibility of recent HIV exposure leading to clinical suspicion of acute HIV infection
- Has a negative urine pregnancy test at screening and enrollment
- Is not currently trying to become pregnant
- Is not breastfeeding
- Has a creatinine clearance ≥ 60ml/min (Cockcroft-Gault formula) at screening
- Is Hepatitis B virus antigen (HBV Ag) negative at screening
- Is in general good health and does not have a medical or social condition which may make study participation unsafe or complicate data interpretation in the opinion of the site investigator
- Is not participating in another PrEP program or PrEP research study
- Is not taking HIV post-exposure prophylaxis at enrollment
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnant HIV antibody positive Using HIV post-exposure prophylaxis at enrollment
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01832571
|Family Health Options Kenya
|Eldoret, Kenya
|Sex Workers Outreach Programme (SWOP)
|Nairobi, Kenya
|Principal Investigator:
|Jennifer Deese, MPH
|Principal Investigator:
|Amy Corneli, Ph.D.
|Responsible Party:
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|First Posted:
|April 16, 2013 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|July 15, 2013
|Last Verified:
|July 2013
Female Sex Workers
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Anti-HIV Agents


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Difference between revisions of "Pacman/Tips and tricks"
(Since pacman version 4.2.0 pacman only lists true orphans with -Qdtq. One may use -Qdttq to make pacman also list packages which are only optionally required.)
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=== Identify files not owned by any package ===
=== Identify files not owned by any package ===
Periodic checks for files outside of pacman database are recommended. These files are often some 3rd party applications installed using the usual procedure (e.g. {{ic|./configure && make && make install}}). Search the file-system for these files (or symlinks) using this simple script:
Periodic checks for files outside of pacman database are recommended. These files are often some 3rd party applications installed using the usual procedure (e.g. {{ic|./configure && make && make install}}). Search the file-system for these files (or symlinks) using this simple script:
Revision as of 21:42, 19 January 2015
This is a collection of common tips for new pacman users.
- 1 Cosmetic and Convienence
- 2 Maintenance
- 2.1 Listing installed packages with size
- 2.2 Listing installed packages with version
- 2.3 Identify files not owned by any package
- 2.4 Removing orphaned packages
- 2.5 Removing unused packages
- 2.6 Removing everything but base group
- 2.7 Listing official installed packages only
- 2.8 Getting the dependencies list of several packages
- 2.9 Getting the size of several packages
- 2.10 Listing changed configuration files
- 2.11 Listing all packages that nothing else depends on
- 2.12 Backing up Local database with systemd
- 3 Installation and recovery
- 3.1 Installing packages from a CD/DVD or USB stick
- 3.2 Custom local repository
- 3.3 Network shared pacman cache
- 3.4 Backing up and retrieving a list of installed packages
- 3.5 List installed packages that are not in a specified group or repository
- 3.6 Reinstalling all packages
- 3.7 Restore pacman's local database
- 3.8 Recovering a USB key from existing install
- 3.9 Extracting contents of a .pkg file
- 3.10 Viewing a single file inside a .pkg file
- 3.11 Find applications that use libraries from older packages
Cosmetic and Convienence
Color output
As of version 4.1, Pacman has a color option. Uncomment the "Color" line in
The following instructions allow users to run some of the more common pacman commands without the need to type them fully via a script alias.
Configure the shell
Add the following examples, which work in both Bash and Zsh:
# Pacman alias examples alias pacupg='sudo pacman -Syu' # Synchronize with repositories and then upgrade packages that are out of date on the local system. alias pacdl='pacman -Sw' # Download specified package(s) as .tar.xz ball alias pacin='sudo pacman -S' # Install specific package(s) from the repositories alias pacins='sudo pacman -U' # Install specific package not from the repositories but from a file alias pacre='sudo pacman -R' # Remove the specified package(s), retaining its configuration(s) and required dependencies alias pacrem='sudo pacman -Rns' # Remove the specified package(s), its configuration(s) and unneeded dependencies alias pacrep='pacman -Si' # Display information about a given package in the repositories alias pacreps='pacman -Ss' # Search for package(s) in the repositories alias pacloc='pacman -Qi' # Display information about a given package in the local database alias paclocs='pacman -Qs' # Search for package(s) in the local database alias paclo="pacman -Qdt" # List all packages which are orphaned alias pacc="sudo pacman -Scc" # Clean cache - delete all not currently installed package files alias paclf="pacman -Ql" # List all files installed by a given package alias pacown="pacman -Qo" # Show package(s) owning the specified file(s) alias pacexpl="pacman -D --asexp" # Mark one or more installed packages as explicitly installed alias pacimpl="pacman -D --asdep" # Mark one or more installed packages as non explicitly installed # Additional pacman alias examples alias pacupd='sudo pacman -Sy && sudo abs' # Update and refresh the local package and ABS databases against repositories alias pacinsd='sudo pacman -S --asdeps' # Install given package(s) as dependencies alias pacmir='sudo pacman -Syy' # Force refresh of all package lists after updating /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
The following commands could be useful, but also dangerous. Please, know perfectly what are you doing when you use them:
# dealing with the following message from pacman: # # error: couldnt lock database: file exists # if you are sure a package manager is not already running, you can remove /var/lib/pacman/db.lck alias pacunlock="sudo rm /var/lib/pacman/db.lck" # Delete the lock file /var/lib/pacman/db.lck alias paclock="sudo touch /var/lib/pacman/db.lck" # Create the lock file /var/lib/pacman/db.lck
Perform the respective commands by simply typing the alias name. For example, to synchronize with repositories and then upgrade packages that are out of date on the local system:
$ pacupg
Install packages from repositories:
$ pacin <package1> <package2> <package3>
Install a custom built package:
$ pacins /path/to/<package>
Completely remove a locally installed package:
$ pacrem <package>
Search for available packages in the repositories:
$ pacreps <keywords>
Display information about a package (e.g. size, dependencies) in the repositories:
$ pacrep <keywords>
The aliases used above are merely examples. By following the syntax samples above, rename the aliases as convenient. For example:
alias pacrem='sudo pacman -Rns' alias pacout='sudo pacman -Rns'
In the case above, the commands
pacrem and
pacout both call your shell to execute the same command.
Operations and Bash syntax
In addition to pacman's standard set of features, there are ways to extend its usability through rudimentary Bash commands/syntax.
- To install a number of packages sharing similar patterns in their names -- not the entire group nor all matching packages; eg. kde:
# pacman -S kde-{applets,theme,tools}
- Of course, that is not limited and can be expanded to however many levels needed:
# pacman -S kde-{ui-{kde,kdemod},kdeartwork}
- Sometimes,
-s's builtin ERE can cause a lot of unwanted results, so it has to be limited to match the package name only; not the description nor any other field:
# pacman -Ss '^vim-'
- pacman has the
-qoperand to hide the version column, so it is possible to query and reinstall packages with "compiz" as part of their name:
# pacman -S $(pacman -Qq | grep compiz)
- Or install all packages available in a repository (kde-unstable for example):
# pacman -S $(pacman -Slq kde-unstable)
House keeping, in the interest of keeping a clean system and following The Arch Way.
See also System maintenance.
Listing installed packages with size
You may want to get the list of installed packages sorted by size, which may be useful when freeing space on your hard drive.
- Use
pacsyscleanfrom pacman package.
- Install expac and run
expac -s "%-30n %m" | sort -rhk 2
- Invoke pacgraph with the -c option to produce a list of all installed packages with their respective sizes on the system. pacgraph is available from [community].
- List explicitly installed packages not in base or base-devel with size and description:
expac -HM "%011m\t%-20n\t%10d" $( comm -23 <(pacman -Qqen|sort) <(pacman -Qqg base base-devel|sort) ) | sort -n
pacman -Qi | egrep "^(Name|Installed Size)" | sed -e 'N;s/\n/ /' | awk '{ print $7, $3}' | sort -n(Note that this will not work with recent versions of pacman that use human readable sizes in
pacman -Qi)
Listing installed packages with version
You may want to get the list of installed packages with their version, which is useful when reporting bugs or discussing installed packages.
- List all explicitly installed packages:
pacman -Qe.
- List all foreign packages (typically manually downloaded and installed):
pacman -Qm.
- List all native packages (installed from the sync database(s)):
pacman -Qn.
- List packages by regex:
pacman -Qs <regex> | awk 'BEGIN { RS="\n" ; FS="/" } { print $2 }' | awk '{ if(NF > 0) print $1, $2 }'
- Install expac and run
expac -s "%-30n %v"
- List all packages with version and repo: Install yaourtAUR and run
yaourt -Q
Identify files not owned by any package
Periodic checks for files outside of pacman database are recommended. These files are often some 3rd party applications installed using the usual procedure (e.g.
./configure && make && make install). Search the file-system for these files (or symlinks) using this simple script:
#!/bin/sh tmp=${TMPDIR-/tmp}/pacman-disowned-$UID-$$ db=$tmp/db fs=$tmp/fs mkdir "$tmp" trap 'rm -rf "$tmp"' EXIT pacman -Qlq | sort -u > "$db" find /etc /opt /usr ! -name lost+found \( -type d -printf '%p/\n' -o -print \) | sort > "$fs" comm -23 "$fs" "$db"
To generate the list:
$ pacman-disowned > non-db.txt
Note that one should not delete all files listed in
non-db.txt without confirming each entry. There could be various configuration files, logs, etc., so use this list responsibly and only proceed after extensively searching for cross-references using
Here are some one-liner scripts that will be helpful.
Show dirs that do not belong to any package:
alias pacman-disowned-dirs="comm -23 <(sudo find / \( -path '/dev' -o -path '/sys' -o -path '/run' -o -path '/tmp' -o -path '/mnt' -o -path '/srv' -o -path '/proc' -o -path '/boot' -o -path '/home' -o -path '/root' -o -path '/media' -o -path '/var/lib/pacman' -o -path '/var/cache/pacman' \) -prune -o -type d -print | sed 's/\([^/]\)$/\1\//' | sort -u) <(pacman -Qlq | sort -u)"
Show files that do not belong to any package:
alias pacman-disowned-files="comm -23 <(sudo find / \( -path '/dev' -o -path '/sys' -o -path '/run' -o -path '/tmp' -o -path '/mnt' -o -path '/srv' -o -path '/proc' -o -path '/boot' -o -path '/home' -o -path '/root' -o -path '/media' -o -path '/var/lib/pacman' -o -path '/var/cache/pacman' \) -prune -o -type f -print | sort -u) <(pacman -Qlq | sort -u)"
Removing orphaned packages
For recursively removing orphans and their configuration files:
# pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qtdq)
If no orphans were found, pacman errors with
error: no targets specified. This is expected as no arguments were passed to
pacman -Rns.
The following alias is easily inserted into
~/.bashrc and removes orphans if found:
# '[r]emove [o]rphans' - recursively remove ALL orphaned packages alias pacro="/usr/bin/pacman -Qtdq > /dev/null && sudo /usr/bin/pacman -Rns \$(/usr/bin/pacman -Qtdq | sed -e ':a;N;\$!ba;s/\n/ /g')"
The following function is easily inserted into
~/.bashrc and removes orphans if found:
orphans() { if [[ ! -n $(pacman -Qdt) ]]; then echo "No orphans to remove." else sudo pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qdtq) fi }
Alternatively on may use pkg-list_true_orphans from the package pkg_scriptsAUR.
# pacman -QdttqUse this carefully as it is not taken into account whether the package is an optional dependency and therefore bears the risk to remove packages which actually are not real orphans.
Removing unused packages
Because a lighter system is easier to maintain, occasionally looking through explicitly installed packages and manually selecting unused packages to be removed can be helpful.
To list explicitly installed packages available in the official repositories:
$ pacman -Qen
To list explicitly installed packages not available in official repositories:
$ pacman -Qem
Removing everything but base group
If it is ever necessary to remove all packages except the base group, try this one liner:
# pacman -R $(comm -23 <(pacman -Qq|sort) <((for i in $(pacman -Qqg base); do pactree -ul $i; done)|sort -u|cut -d ' ' -f 1))
The one-liner was originally devised in this discussion, and later improved in this article.
commrequires sorted input otherwise you get e.g.
comm: file 1 is not in sorted order.
pactreeprints the package name followed by what it provides. For example:
$ pactree -lu logrotate
logrotate popt glibc linux-api-headers tzdata dcron cron bash readline ncurses gzip
dcron cron line seems to cause problems, that is why
cut -d ' ' -f 1 is needed - to keep just the package name.
Listing official installed packages only
$ pacman -Qqn
This list packages that are found in the sync database(s). If the user has unofficial repositories configured, it will list packages from such repositories too.
Getting the dependencies list of several packages
Dependencies are alphabetically sorted and doubles are removed.
Note that you can use
pacman -Qi to improve response time a little. But
you will not be able to query as many packages. Unfound packages are simply skipped
(hence the
You can get dependencies of AUR packages as well if you use
yaourt -Si,
but it will slow down the queries.
$ pacman -Si $@ 2>/dev/null | awk -F ": " -v filter="^Depends" \ '$0 ~ filter {gsub(/[>=<][^ ]*/,"",$2) ; gsub(/ +/,"\n",$2) ; print $2}' | sort -u
Alternatively, you can use
expac -l '\n' %E -S $@ | sort -u.
Getting the size of several packages
You can use (and tweak) this little shell function:
pacman-size() { CMD="pacman -Si" SEP=": " TOTAL_SIZE=0 RESULT=$(eval "${CMD} $@ 2>/dev/null" | awk -F "$SEP" -v filter="Size" -v pkg="^Name" \ '$0 ~ pkg {pkgname=$2} $0 ~ filter {gsub(/\..*/,"") ; printf("%6s KiB %s\n", $2, pkgname)}' | sort -u -k3) echo "$RESULT" ## Print total size. echo "$RESULT" | awk '{TOTAL=$1+TOTAL} END {printf("Total : %d KiB\n",TOTAL)}' }
As told for the dependencies list, you can use
pacman -Qi instead, but
not yaourt since AUR's PKGBUILD do not have size information.
A nice one-liner:
$ pacman -Si "$@" 2>/dev/null | awk -F ": " -v filter="Size" -v pkg="Name" '$0 ~ pkg {pkgname=$2} $0 ~ filter {gsub(/\..*/,"") ; printf("%6s KiB %s\n", $2, pkgname)}' | sort -u -k3 | tee >(awk '{TOTAL=$1+TOTAL} END {printf("Total : %d KiB\n",TOTAL)}')
You should replace "$@" with packages, or put this line in a shell function.
Listing changed configuration files
If you want to backup your system configuration files you could copy all files in
/etc/, but usually you are only interested in the files that you have changed. In this case you want to list those changed configuration files, we can do this with the following command:
# pacman -Qii | awk '/^MODIFIED/ {print $2}'
The following script does the same. You need to run it as root or with sudo.
#!/bin/bash for package in /var/lib/pacman/local/*; do sed '/^%BACKUP%$/,/^%/!d' $package/files | tail -n+2 | grep -v '^$' | while read file hash; do [ "$(md5sum /$file | (read hash file; echo $hash))" != "$hash" ] && echo $(basename $package) /$file done done
Listing all packages that nothing else depends on
If you want to generate a list of all installed packages that nothing else depends on, you can use the following script. This is very helpful if you are trying to free hard drive space and have installed a lot of packages that you may not remember. You can browse through the output to find packages which you no longer need.
#!/bin/bash # This script is designed to help you clean your computer from unneeded # packages. The script will find all packages that no other installed package # depends on. It will output this list of packages excluding any you have # placed in the ignore list. You may browse through the script's output and # remove any packages you do not need. # Enter groups and packages here which you know you wish to keep. They will # not be included in the list of unrequired packages later. ignoregrp="base base-devel" ignorepkg="" comm -23 <(pacman -Qqt | sort) <(echo $ignorepkg | tr ' ' '\n' | cat <(pacman -Sqg $ignoregrp) - | sort -u)
For list with descriptions for packages:
expac -HM "%-20n\t%10d" $( comm -23 <(pacman -Qqt|sort) <(pacman -Qqg base base-devel|sort) )
Backing up Local database with systemd
systemd can take snapshots of the pacman local database everytime it is modified.
$pakbak to modify where the backed up database is stored.
#!/bin/bash declare -r pakbak="/pakbak.tar.xz"; ## set backup location tar -cJf "$pakbak" "/var/lib/pacman/local"; ## compress & store pacman local database in $pakbak
[Unit] Description=Back up pacman database [Service] Type=oneshot ExecStart=/bin/bash /usr/lib/systemd/scripts/pakbak_script RemainAfterExit=no
[Unit] Description=Back up pacman database [Path] PathChanged=/var/lib/pacman/local Unit=pakbak.service [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
# systemctl start pakbak.path
To enable the backup service automatically on reboot :
# systemctl enable pakbak.path
Installation and recovery
Alternative ways of getting and restoring packages.
Installing packages from a CD/DVD or USB stick
To download packages, or groups of packages:
# cd ~/Packages # pacman -Syw base base-devel grub-bios xorg gimp --cachedir . # repo-add ./custom.db.tar.gz ./*
Then you can burn the "Packages" folder to a CD/DVD or transfer it to a USB stick, external HDD, etc.
To install:
1. Mount the media:
# mkdir /mnt/repo # mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/repo #For a CD/DVD. # mount /dev/sdxY /mnt/repo #For a USB stick.
2. Edit
pacman.conf and add this repository before the other ones (e.g. extra, core, etc.). This is important. Do not just uncomment the one on the bottom. This way it ensures that the files from the CD/DVD/USB take precedence over those in the standard repositories:
[custom] SigLevel = PackageRequired Server = file:///mnt/repo/Packages
3. Finally, synchronize the pacman database to be able to use the new repository:
# pacman -Sy
Custom local repository
pacman 3 introduced a new script named
repo-add which makes generating a database for a personal repository much easier. Use
repo-add --help for more details on its usage.
Simply store all of the built packages to be included in the repository in one directory, and execute the following command (where repo is the name of the custom repository):
$ repo-add /path/to/repo.db.tar.gz /path/to/*.pkg.tar.xz
Note that when using
repo-add, the database and the packages do not need to be in the same directory. But when using pacman with that database, they should be together.
To add a new package (and remove the old if it exists), run:
$ repo-add /path/to/repo.db.tar.gz /path/to/packagetoadd-1.0-1-i686.pkg.tar.xz
Once the local repository has been made, add the repository to
pacman.conf. The name of the
db.tar.gz file is the repository name. Reference it directly using a
file:// url, or access it via FTP using ftp://localhost/path/to/directory.
If willing, add the custom repository to the list of unofficial user repositories, so that the community can benefit from it.
Read-only cache
If you are looking for a quick and dirty solution, you can simply run a standalone webserver which other computers can use as a first mirror:
darkhttpd /var/cache/pacman/pkg. Just add this server at the top of your mirror list. Be aware that you might get a lot of 404 errors, due to cache misses, depending on what you do, but pacman will try the next (real) mirrors when that happens.
Read-write cache
In order to share packages between multiple computers, simply share
/var/cache/pacman/ using any network-based mount protocol. This section shows how to use shfs or sshfs to share a package cache plus the related library-directories between multiple computers on the same local network. Keep in mind that a network shared cache can be slow depending on the file-system choice, among other factors.
First, install any network-supporting filesystem; for example sshfs, shfs, ftpfs, smbfs or nfs.
Then, to share the actual packages, mount
/var/cache/pacman/pkg from the server to
/var/cache/pacman/pkg on every client machine.
Synchronize pacman package cache using BitTorrent Sync
BitTorrent Sync is a new way of synchronizing folder via network (it works in LAN and over the internet). It is peer-to-peer so you do not need to set up a server: follow the link for more information. How to share a pacman cache using BitTorrent Sync:
- First install the btsyncAUR package from the AUR on the machines you want to sync
- Follow the installation instructions of the AUR package or on the BitTorrent Sync wiki page
- set up BitTorrent Sync to work for the root account. This process requires read/write to the pacman package cache.
- make sure to set a good password on btsync's web UI
- start the systemd daemon for btsync.
- in the btsync Web GUI add a new synchronized folder on the first machine and generate a new Secret. Point the folder to
- Add the folder on all the other machines using the same Secret to share the cached packages between all systems. Or, to set the first system as a master and the others as slaves, use the Read Only Secret. Be sure to point it to
Now the machines should connect and start synchronizing their cache. Pacman works as expected even during synchronization. The process of syncing is entirely automatic.
Preventing unwanted cache purges
By default,
pacman -Sc removes package tarballs from the cache that correspond to packages that are not installed on the machine the command was issued on. Because pacman cannot predict what packages are installed on all machines that share the cache, it will end up deleting files that should not be.
To clean up the cache so that only outdated tarballs are deleted, add this entry in the
[options] section of
CleanMethod = KeepCurrent
Backing up and retrieving a list of installed packages
It is good practice to keep periodic backups of all pacman-installed packages. In the event of a system crash which is unrecoverable by other means, pacman can then easily reinstall the very same packages onto a new installation.
- First, backup the current list of non-local packages:
$ pacman -Qqen > pkglist.txt
- Store the
pkglist.txton a USB key or other convenient medium or gist.github.com or Evernote, Dropbox, etc.
- Copy the
pkglist.txtfile to the new installation, and navigate to the directory containing it.
- Issue the following command to install from the backup list:
# pacman -S $(< pkglist.txt)
In the case you have a list which was not generated like mentioned above, there may be foreign packages in it (i.e. packages not belonging to any repos you have configured, or packages from the AUR).
In such a case, you may still want to install all available packages from that list:
# pacman -S --needed $(comm -12 <(pacman -Slq|sort) <(sort badpkdlist) )
pacman -Slqlists all available softwares, but the list is sorted by repository first, hence the
- Sorted files are required in order to make the
commcommand work.
- The
-12parameter display lines common to both entries.
- The
--neededswitch is used to skip already installed packages.
You may also try to install all unavailable packages (those not in the repos) from the AUR using yaourt (not recommended unless you know exactly what you are doing):
$ yaourt -S --needed $(comm -13 <(pacman -Slq|sort) <(sort badpkdlist) )
Finally, you may want to remove all the packages on your system that are not mentioned in the list.
# pacman -Rsu $(comm -23 <(pacman -Qq|sort) <(sort pkglist))
List installed packages that are not in a specified group or repository
The following command will list any installed packages that are not in either base or base-devel, and as such were likely installed manually by the user:
$ comm -23 <(pacman -Qeq | sort) <(pacman -Qgq base base-devel | sort)
List all installed packages that are not in specified repository (
repo_name in example):
$ comm -23 <(pacman -Qtq | sort) <(pacman -Slq repo_name | sort)
List all installed packages that are in the
repo_name repository:
$ comm -12 <(pacman -Qtq | sort) <(pacman -Slq repo_name | sort)
Reinstalling all packages
To reinstall all native packages, use:
# pacman -Qenq | pacman -S -
Foreign (AUR) packages must be reinstalled separately; you can list them with
pacman -Qemq.
Pacman preserves the installation reason by default.
Restore pacman's local database
Signs that pacman needs a local database restoration:
pacman -Qgives absolutely no output, and
pacman -Syuerroneously reports that the system is up to date.
- When trying to install a package using
pacman -S package, and it outputs a list of already satisfied dependencies.
- When
testdb(part of pacman) reports database inconsistency.
Most likely, pacman's database of installed software,
/var/lib/pacman/local, has been corrupted or deleted. While this is a serious problem, it can be restored by following the instructions below.
Firstly, make sure pacman's log file is present:
$ ls /var/log/pacman.log
If it does not exist, it is not possible to continue with this method. You may be able to use Xyne's package detection script to recreate the database. If not, then the likely solution is to re-install the entire system.
Log filter script
#!/bin/bash -e . /etc/makepkg.conf PKGCACHE=$((grep -m 1 '^CacheDir' /etc/pacman.conf || echo 'CacheDir = /var/cache/pacman/pkg') | sed 's/CacheDir = //') pkgdirs=("$@" "$PKGDEST" "$PKGCACHE") while read -r -a parampart; do pkgname="${parampart[0]}-${parampart[1]}-*.pkg.tar.xz" for pkgdir in ${pkgdirs[@]}; do pkgpath="$pkgdir"/$pkgname [ -f $pkgpath ] && { echo $pkgpath; break; }; done || echo ${parampart[0]} 1>&2 done
Make the script executable:
$ chmod +x pacrecover
Generating the package recovery list
Run the script (optionally passing additional directories with packages as parameters):
$ paclog-pkglist /var/log/pacman.log | ./pacrecover >files.list 2>pkglist.orig
This way two files will be created:
files.list with package files, still present on machine and
pkglist.orig, packages from which should be downloaded. Later operation may result in mismatch between files of older versions of package, still present on machine, and files, found in new version. Such mismatches will have to be fixed manually.
Here is a way to automatically restrict second list to packages available in a repository:
$ { cat pkglist.orig; pacman -Slq; } | sort | uniq -d > pkglist
Check if some important base package are missing, and add them to the list:
$ comm -23 <(pacman -Sgq base) pkglist.orig >> pkglist
Proceed once the contents of both lists are satisfactory, since they will be used to restore pacman's installed package database;
Performing the recovery
Define bash alias for recovery purposes:
# recovery-pacman() { pacman "$@" \ --log /dev/null \ --noscriptlet \ --dbonly \ --force \ --nodeps \ --needed \ # }
--log /dev/null allows to avoid needless pollution of pacman log,
--needed will save some time by skipping packages, already present in database,
--nodeps will allow installation of cached packages, even if packages being installed depend on newer versions. Rest of options will allow pacman to operate without reading/writing filesystem.
Populate the sync database:
# pacman -Sy
Start database generation by installing locally available package files from
# recovery-pacman -U $(< files.list)
Install the rest from
# recovery-pacman -S $(< pkglist)
Update the local database so that packages that are not required by any other package are marked as explicitly installed and the other as dependences. You will need be extra careful in the future when removing packages, but with the original database lost is the best we can do.
# pacman -D --asdeps $(pacman -Qq) # pacman -D --asexplicit $(pacman -Qtq)
Optionally check all installed packages for corruption:
# pacman -Qk
Optionally #Identify files not owned by any package.
Update all packages:
# pacman -Su
Recovering a USB key from existing install
If you have Arch installed on a USB key and manage to mess it up (e.g. removing it while it is still being written to), then it is possible to re-install all the packages and hopefully get it back up and working again (assuming USB key is mounted in /newarch)
# pacman -S $(pacman -Qq --dbpath /newarch/var/lib/pacman) --root /newarch --dbpath /newarch/var/lib/pacman
Extracting contents of a .pkg file
.pkg files ending in
.xz are simply tar'ed archives that can be decompressed with:
$ tar xvf package.tar.xz
If you want to extract a couple of files out of a
.pkg file, this would be a way to do it.
Viewing a single file inside a .pkg file
For example, if you want to see the contents of
/etc/systemd/logind.conf supplied within the systemd package:
$ tar -xOf /var/cache/pacman/pkg/systemd-204-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz etc/systemd/logind.conf
Or you can use vim, then browse the archive:
$ vim /var/cache/pacman/pkg/systemd-204-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz
Find applications that use libraries from older packages
Even if you installed a package the existing long-running programs (like daemons and servers) still keep using code from old package libraries. And it is a bad idea to let these programs running if the old library contains a security bug.
Here is a way how to find all the programs that use old packages code:
# lsof +c 0 | grep -w DEL | awk '1 { print $1 ": " $NF }' | sort -u
It will print running program name and old library that was removed or replaced with newer content.


text:
Puzzle Levels
Puzzle Categories
Download a FREE Solution for your puzzles!
Click Image to Enlarge
Product Information
|make different shapes out of the pieces
|Level 5 - Easy
|Logika Spiele
|Each piece measures approximately 1 1/8 in x 1 1/4 in / 3 cm x 3.3 cm
Product Description
Warning! The instructions and packaging are in German.
This game has 18 triangles in the colors red, yellow, green and blue. The instructions tell you to place the pieces together like the shapes given in the instruction book.
This is not as simple as it seems as the pieces have different ways to snap into the next piece. For example there might be a square hole instead of a round hole on the next piece.
Customer Reviews |Write your own review!
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text:
Echocardiography uses sound waves to make images of the heart. In transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), the ultrasound probe is passed down the throat and in to the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that goes from the throat to the stomach. The esophagus sits very close to the heart. This method allows for clearer images of the heart than other methods.
Reasons for Procedure
This test is done to look for problems of the heart, including:
- Enlarged heart
- Thickening of the heart walls
- Heart valve malfunction
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Other conditions
Possible Complications
Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have some risk. Your doctor will review potential problems, like:
- Difficulty breathing
- Bleeding or damage to the mouth, throat, or esophagus
You may be at higher risk for complications if you:
- Have throat problems
- Had radiation therapy to the throat
- Have a history of stomach ulcers or esophageal varices
- Have a narrowed esophagus
- Have sleep apnea or severe respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
- Avoid alcohol for several days before the procedure. Alcohol may interfere with the type of sedative used.
- Do not eat or drink for 4-8 hours before the procedure.
- Arrange to have someone give you a ride home after the procedure.
You will be given a mild sedative through an IV. You will be sleepy throughout the procedure. A topical anesthetic may also be applied to the back of the throat. This will numb the throat.
Description of the Procedure
You will be asked to lie on your side in a hospital gown. The ultrasound probe will be slid down your throat and into the esophagus until it is near the heart. The device will create active images of the heart. When the imaging is done, the probe will be taken out.
How Long Will It Take?
15-30 minutes
Will It Hurt?
There may be some mild discomfort during the procedure. Most people sleep through the procedure and remember very little of it. Your throat may be sore for a few days.
Post-procedure Care
You will need a ride home from the procedure. Do not eat or drink until the numbness in your throat wears off. This will keep you from inhaling food or drink into the lungs.
Talk to your doctor about the results of the test.
Call Your Doctor
Call your doctor if any of these occur:
- Sore throat does not subside or worsens
- Pain in the throat or chest develops
- Difficulty breathing
If you think you have an emergency, call for emergency medical services right away.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Michael J. Fucci, DO, FACC
- Review Date: 03/2018 -
- Update Date: 05/02/2014 -


text:
The Fuel Rims are cast and forged wheels that provide an optimal combination of price, looks and performance. The ruggedness of off-road wheels, required both by the rough use they are subjected to, and the way off-road wheels must be styled to go with the styling of the vehicles, combine to make casting the best way of manufacturing off-road wheels. The metal structure is not as dense in castings as in forged wheels, but the slightly thicker dimensions of profiles and spokes in off-road wheels do not require the same metal structure as extremely lightweight and extremely designed show-, racing- or road-wheels. The high quality casting, machining and finishing processes used by Fuel provide you with the best and most stylish off-road wheels on the market at a very competitive price. To finish off the style of your vehicle and add even more aggressiveness to its front-end, the brand also offers you a wide range of the high-end Fuel grilles expertly designed to complement the look created by the rims.
Ordered some new rims and tyres for my Ford Courier last week. John went above and beyond to get a great price and also the right style, size and fitment for my fussy requirements. The wheels turned up fitted and balanced and looked a million bucks. I couldn't of asked for a smoother transaction and a better guy to deal with. Thanks a million.
Had been looking at wheels for ages wanting to get great look/fitment. Called up Autocraze and spoke to Mo, he was awesome. Knew his products and put my mind at ease about the fitment. So I got my wheels and tyres (for a great price!) and I'm super happy!
AutoCraze were absolute legends to deal with when I was buying my Speedy Outlaws. Delivery to Queensland was unbelievably quick! Had the wheels fitted within a week of first making contact. Highly recommend!
The fellas at Autocraze helped heaps with the new wheels! Ordered them online and they arrived at my door 2 days later!! Awesome work fellas, cheers for all the help! Will definitely shop here again
Found the boys at Autocraze, top of the class, needed some rims for my Mustang and Mo had it all sorted. Their after sales support was fantastic too, highly recommend the guys, they are true car enthusiasts and take their time with your rims and their machinery is world class!
Awesome service, great people to deal with. Very professional and delivery was quicker than expected.. Also the car looks great, couldn't be happier. Thanks guys.
Ordered some rims and tires from these guys. Shipped Friday arrived Monday, great to deal with over the phone and the product you order is everybit as good in person. Already recommended to several friends.
Loving these wheels. Everything was easy enough. Bought on Monday, received on Wednesday, put it on myself, no spacers needed, fit perfect. Thanks again
Looks great. Made well, packaged well and autocraze was great. Getting compliments everywhere I go. Wanted something with dish, and these did not disappoint. One of the toughest around.
The quality on the boosts are great. Love fuel products. Easy to clean, not fussy going off-road, just good all round.
Lost one of my screws for the centre cap, boys at autocraze helped me find a replacement. Can't fault the wheels, they are the best I ever had.
So sick of plain black wheels, I went with the milled. Stands out much better and looks tougher.


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The purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment. Screening tests are given to people without current symptoms. They are also given to those who may be at high risk for certain diseases or conditions.
There are no current screening guidelines or tests for foot pain.
If you have a specific medical condition that may increase your risk of a foot disorder, your doctor may regularly examine your feet. For example, if you have diabetes, you may be at risk for foot ulcers. In extreme cases, you may also be at risk for lower extremity amputations, particularly if you have any loss of sensation, foot deformities, peripheral artery disease (PAD), or prior foot ulcers. Ask your doctor how often you should have your feet examined.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Warren A. Bodine, DO, CAQSM
- Review Date: 03/2018 -
- Update Date: 03/15/2015 -


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Home | New Arrivals | Costume | Wigs | Shoes | Props | Accessories | Catalog | Commission | FAQ | Buyer Pictures
|Item Name: One Piece Trafalgar Law Cosplay Costume
(Click image to enlarge picture)
|Standard and Customized Size:
|For customized size, please email measurements to email@example.com with your papal email account name, costume name, shipping address and phone number (Optional). Please scroll down to check the standard size measurements and customized size requirements. Once we have received your measurements, we will email you to confirm your order. If you don't receive the confirmation email, please keep email us or message us from eBay until you have received the confirmation email. Also, please check your email often. Just in case, we may have some question about your measurements or size.
|Due Date:
|If you have a due date or convention date, please email the date to firstname.lastname@example.com with your order. This applies to standard size and customized size. This way will help us to arrange the orders to meet your date.
|Sewing Time: Basic Set: 7-10 Days, Full Set: 14-21 Days
|Shipping Insurance:
|Insurance is optional but highly recommended. We will not be responsible for lost or damaged items without the insurance. You must add the shipping insurance with your order at same time; else you will be charged a shipping fee.
|Free Shipping Charge for Accessories:
| With the full Set or basic Set, you can order up to three (3) accessories without extra shipping charge.
You must order at same time with the costume; else you will be charged a shipping fee for your accessories.
|Shipping & Handling:
| 3-5 days EMS, TNT or UPS shipping from China to USA, Canada, Western Europe and Australia.
For Airmail Shipping, it's going to take 14-28 days from China to worldwide.
Item can be shipped to worldwide, please contact us for the price.
It doesn't include duty tax (import tax), inspection fee and forward fee, if there is any.
|Cloth Size:
|Standard Size (Click here for Measurement Help)
|Customized Size (Click here for Measurement Help)
Please email the following measurements with your paypal email account name, costume name, shipping address and phone number (Optional).
| 2005-2014 QQCosplay.com All Rights Reserved.
The term "QQCosplay.com" is trademarked for use solely by qqcosplay, a business located in Shanghai, Xiamen and Wuhan, China. Additionally, the term QQCosplay is trademarks held by QQCosplay.com.
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I'm so excited to invite you all to attend a virtual Cook-Along that I will be co-hosting this Thursday at 2 p.m. ET. As I mentioned on my Facebook page last week, I've been collaborating with some other bloggers and The Motherhood on The Little Chefs Project. The project consists of a new free e-book (more about that soon) and a series of live chats called Cook-Alongs that take place every Thursday between now and November 15th. (The first one was actually last week. Did you watch?) Anyway, each week focuses on a different topic around cooking with kids, and mine is about - what else? - Teachable Moments in the kitchen. It addresses how you can use the kitchen as a fun, practical classroom to teach anything from math to culture.
At Thursday's Cook-Along, you'll get ideas on how to let your recipe box and cooking supplies help you make learning fun for your kids! And the best part: at the end of the lesson, you can all enjoy the meals you created together. Find out how you can work math, science, culture, and even history into kitchen time with your Little Chefs.
To join me for this 30 minute Cook-Along, just click on this link: http://bit.ly/PkaRmb
Once you click on the link, you log into The Motherhood using your member ID (if you don't have one, it's easy and free to sign up), and chat away in the text-based comments. We'll also have a video feed running during the half-hour Cook-Along, so you're welcome to show up simply to watch if you'd like!
The Cook-Along is sponsored by Chef Boyardee, and it is hosted by The Motherhood. You can visit Chef Boyardee online at http://www.chefboyardee.com/ or on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/chefboyardee.
I'll be there with several other bloggers to co-host the class, and I hope you'll join us! The fabulous people who will be co-hosting with me are:
Amee, Madame Deals http://www.madamedeals.com
Caroline, Smarty Pants Mama http://smartypantsmama.com
Janene and Christine, More Than Mommies http://morethanmommies.net
Maureen, Wisconsin Mommy http://www.wisconsinmommy.com/
Mel, MamaBuzz http://www.mamabzz.com
Tiffany, Sweet Phenomena http://sweetphenomena.com
Here's the entire schedule in case you'd like to participate or watch any of the others...
Feel Like a Kid Again – Thursday, Oct. 11, 2 p.m. ET
Teachable Moments – Thursday, Oct. 18, 2 p.m. ET (with me!)
Everyday Fun – Thursday, Oct. 25, 2 p.m. ET
Family Time – Thursday, Nov. 1, 2 p.m. ET
Fun with Flavors – Thursday, Nov. 8, 2 p.m. ET
Family Traditions – Thursday, Nov. 15, 2 p.m. ET
Today, we made our own pizza using the Chef Boyardee Pizza Maker kit. My kids love getting involved in the kitchen and learning about how mixing ingredients can result in new edible concoctions. The Pizza Maker is great for learning about everthing from fractions to yeast. Here's a peek (Yes, I know the cheese is a little burned, but my son is still learning how to use a timer. He's in 1st grade, so you'll understand)...
And to help get you in the mood and set up your own Little Chef kit, I'm super pleased to offer you this great giveaway from Chef Boyardee.
One MommyMaestra reader will receive:
• Kids' kitchen measure and prep kit
• Kids' recipe box
• Scrapbook album
• 2 Chef Boyardee chef hats
• Chef Boyardee adult apron
• Chef Boyardee child apron
• Chef Boyardee pizza kit
• Time capsule
• 2 coupons for free Chef Boyardee Beefaroni
• 5 Chef Boyardee recipe cards
To enter this giveaway, simply leave a comment below.The deadline to enter is 11:59 EST, Tuesday, October 23rd. The winner will be chosen using Random.org. and contacted via email - so be sure to leave a valid email address in your comment! (If I have no way to contact you, I'll have to choose someone else!)
1) Share with me how you use your kitchen to teach your child.
2) Follow the MommyMaestra FB page.
3) Follow me on Twitter and tweet the following: Win a #LittleChefs kit from @LatinMami & @ChefBoyardee http://bit.ly/R3CbUn #giveaway
Don't forget to let me know by posting a separate comment for each entry!
By entering this giveaway, you agree to the Official Sweepstakes Rules. No purchase required. Void where prohibited.
¡Buena suerte!
Disclosure: I am working with The Motherhood and Chef Boyardee on the Little Chefs project.


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When I was in my 20s, studying wine and living on very little money in Paris, I couldn't afford to eat in real restaurants very often. But I'd stop at a favorite wine bar a couple of times a week. It always seemed to be cold weather, and the chill crept through the soles of my boots. To warm up, I would nurse a single glass of Chinon or Bourgeuil with a tartine (open-faced sandwich) or dark-flecked Poilane bread with a crottin of goat cheese smashed on top.
I can remember looking longingly at the end of the zinc bar where a tarte Tatin inevitably would be set out in all its glory, the apples satiny and glistening with caramel. I could imagine the slightly jelled texture of the apples, the warm buttery taste of the caramel against a dollop of thick ivory creme fraiche. Essentially an upside-down tart, the crust is baked on top of the apples and the tart is inverted to serve.
Most of the time, though, I couldn't afford it. Or even the small cup of coffee I envisioned enjoying after. So when I did finally get my tarte des demoiselles Tatin, referring to the two spinster sisters who invented it (on purpose or no) at their family hotel in the Loire Valley of France, it tasted all the sweeter.
I treasure that memory of eating a warm tarte made with new crop apples, the windows of the wine bar or bistro steamed up, the blue-gray of November or December outside. And years later, on a subsequent trip to France, when I had more money in my pocket, I marched right into the cookware shop Dehillerin and accosted one of their famously grouchy clerks: "I would like to buy a proper tarte Tatin pan."
I ended up splurging on two heavy copper pans, one about the size of a 9-inch tart pan with 2-inch sides and tiny copper "ears," and the other a generous 13 inches in diameter. I guess because it reminded me of those big tartes I'd seen at the wine bars.
I've been happily making tarte Tatin ever since, mostly in the smaller pan but occasionally in that grand one, which will serve 10 and counting. When I rented a house near Joshua Tree with friends last year, I even managed on an electric stove, using a wine bottle to roll out the pastry.
I love standing by the stove, keeping watch as the butter and sugar mixture caramelizes. It sputters up between the wedges, sending the smell of burnt sugar and apple through the entire house.
I've tried lots of recipes and eventually worked out the simplest. Not for me the usual puff pastry. I make mine with a classic pate brise, which takes just minutes to make.
After I tried New York chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten's version, I no longer even make the caramel first. His method (detailed in his book "Home Cooking With Jean-Georges") works just as well. He basically smooshes the butter together with the sugar, spreads it out in the bottom of the pan and arranges the tightly packed apples on top. Then he turns the fire on high and waits for butter and sugar to caramelize. Caution: If the flame is too low, the apples will start giving up their juice before the caramelization takes place and it will be hard to get that characteristic deep amber color.
Note too that you don't have to use a copper pan. A cast-iron pan (or any heavy skillet that can go into the oven) works just as well.
Choosing the right apple is important. The usual is Golden Delicious, which is available almost everywhere. Granny Smith works well too. Do investigate the old varieties at the farmers market. Ask the vendor which of them make great baking apples. Some come into season for only a few weeks, but you should be able to find Braeburn or Cox. I can never remember which ones I tried when, but I do recall liking a tarte made with Black Arkansas apples I found at the Santa Monica farmers market one year.
It takes close to 5 pounds of apples to make a 9-inch tarte Tatin (the apples shrink as they cook). Even so, I find it pays to use the larger pan. The leftovers are wonderful the next afternoon with a freshly brewed cup of coffee.