text:
Release 4.7 - New Features, Improved Stability and Performance
KDE is delighted to announce its latest releases—Version 4.7—providing major updates to the KDE Plasma Workspaces, KDE Applications, and the KDE Platform. Check out the highlights below, or read the full announcement.
Plasma Workspaces Are More Portable
With extensive work on KDE's compositing window manager, KWin, and new Qt technologies such as Qt Quick, the most advanced user interface is available in more places and on more kinds of devices. Read more...
Akonadi Positions Kontact for the Future
KDE's groupware solution, Kontact, rejoins the main KDE release cycle with all major components ported to Akonadi, a leading personal information management storage service. The Digikam Software Collections comes with a new major version, 2.0. Read more...
Improved Multimedia and Semantic Capabilities
There are major improvements to Phonon and social semantic desktop components in the KDE Platform. Enriched APIs and better stability offer significant benefits to developers. Read more...
New, integrated Instant Messaging
The KDE-Telepathy team is proud to announce the technical preview and historic first release of the new Instant Messaging solution for KDE...still in its early stages. All sorts of accounts are supported, such as GTalk and Facebook Chat. The Presence Plasma widget drops right into the panel for managing online status. As this project is not yet mature enough to be part of the big KDE family, it has been packaged and released separately, and has installation instructions. Give it a try!
Stability + Features
In addition to the many new features described in the detailed release announcements, KDE contributors have closed over 12,000 bug reports since the last major releases of KDE software in January 2011. As a result, KDE software is more stable than ever before.
Help Spread the Word
While it's easy to think of the KDE team as mostly developers, non-technical users are also critical to success. Please help spread the word. Report bugs. Encourage others to join the KDE Community.
Follow what's happening with the new releases on the social web at buzz.kde.org.
Announcement glitch
The heading of the announcement is incorrect. Otherwise, kudos to another amazing release! :)
By Anonymous at Wed, 2011/07/27 - 7:26pm
Not sure what the TS meant,
Not sure what the TS meant, but I did notice a glitch in the Dolphin-Gwenview screenshot (the titlebar). That's worth fixing :)
By vdboor at Wed, 2011/07/27 - 8:07pm
Looks like a great release!
This looks like a great release! Will install it on one of my computers soon, love to try the new stuff and, and see the improvements.
By vdboor at Wed, 2011/07/27 - 8:08pm
The applications page, the
The applications page, the first image, Gwenview's title bar looks corrupted.
By Anonymous at Wed, 2011/07/27 - 8:20pm
Well done KDE team. I have been running svn (sorry, git, old habits...) snapshots through this dev period, and this is a great release.
I guess the next one will have a semi-sentient nepomuk at the rate you are going :)
By Anonymous at Wed, 2011/07/27 - 8:35pm
Congratulations and thanks
Congratulations and thanks for another great release! :)
By JanKusanagi at Wed, 2011/07/27 - 11:09pm
First impressions, and an alert.
1. KWin performance is GREAT. It's brutally kicking ass. Believe it or not, Martin Gräßlin managed to squeeze in more performance between RC2 and this. My poor 6150 has blur, and has it while running great. Blurring the Dashboard still doesn't work, but that is a minor regression compared to a (finally) working blur.
Also, my desktop PC (8500 GT) has now Lanczos filtering. Same story: effects that bogged down my system with KDE 4.5 or 4.6 now run GREAT. Infinite kudos for KWin team and their OpenGL 2 backend, with graceful fallbacks.
2. DO NOT ENABLE STRIGI INDEXING, LIMIT YOUR NEPOMUK INDEXING, I'M SERIOUS. Between 4.7 RC2 and 4.7.0, Strigi and Nepomuk indexing code was heavily refactored. The new code lacks any form of testing, and my preliminary tests show a massive memory leak in nepomukstorage service. This, and some regressions in Strigi, can OOM any system with a significant number of files (specially PDFs and some MP3, varies) This was present before, but is somewhat magnified by the fact Strigi doesn't remember what was indexed and what wasn't, so, it simply reindexes all. BTW, I've already voted in the relevant bug report and reported the leak as another bug (and, if Sebastian or Vishesh are here, please give me instructions of how to test Nepomuk for memory leaks, I'm willing to test)
3. The rest of the changes are minor. However, those of you with constantly changing monitor setups (and me with my swiveling TX1000 ;)) will notice a sharp decrease in Plasma bugs. Now Plasma behaves more correctly than never before.
4. The new featurettes of Plasma Addons are nice. KDE Microblog can do full retweets and mark tweets as favourite, and Now Playing now supports Bangarang.
I really hope the Nepomuk crew is listening, because this is serious. The new framework is technically much better, but buggier, and I'm afraid that we'll have to endure a buggy Nepomuk during the entire 4.7 cycle. I expect some bugfixing sessions from your part, and I'm willing to help, testing (I don't know how to code...)
If you disable Strigi indexing and keep Nepomuk usage to minimums, then this is a great release, and stability is better than never before.
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 12:34am
> Between 4.7 RC2 and 4.7.0, Strigi and Nepomuk indexing code was heavily refactored. The new code lacks any form of testing, and my preliminary tests show a massive memory leak in nepomukstorage service.
Could someone else confirm?
By renox at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 8:45am
We're listening
We've honestly tried to fix most of the issues. The massive rewrite done after RC2 was done to address the memory leaks.
There are going to be some files which will not get indexed, as with 4.7 we do not accept incorrect data from Strigi. The solution is that the Strigi indexers need to be fixed. Trueg has fixed a number of bugs in the indexers. We can only hope that the distros upgrade Strigi regularly.
I forgot to backport the bug where Nepomuk does not remember what it indexed. Fortunately someone pointed it out and I management to contact the release team in time. The fix is present in 4.7.
If you're still encountering problems please drop by at #nepomuk-kde.
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 9:15am
Please, lobby hard for it.
Fedora is stuck since more than a year with Strigi 0.7.2, other distros simply follow suit.
I'm used to living with Git trees, and I know that Strigi is about 0.7.6 these days, but nobody seems to know...
By Ernesto Manríquez at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 5:43pm
I'm still on KDE 3.5.12
I'm still on KDE 3.5.12 because of this.
I know you have lots of hours invested on that strigi/nepomuk thing and I can surely respect that. I only ask two things:
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 10:55am
While I have not experienced
While I have not experienced impaired performance for as long as I can remember using KDE SC 4.x, I agree to some extent in that the development of Nepomuk and Strigi worries me a bit.
My files are well organized and I never search for anything (except for e-mail in KMail ocassionally) or use that rating and tagging functionality. I wonder what the performance impact of Strigi and Nepomuk is, and I'd be interested to see benchmarks. i know that it's possible to disable Strigi and Nepomuk through System Settings → Desktop Search (possibly that it was you need Anonymous?), but does that really negate all the potential performance impact of these two?
By Alexander van Loon at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 12:01pm
What makes KDE good for me is
What makes KDE good for me is strigi/nepomuk!! I have tones of files and I need a way to search inside them! I'm happy with Kubuntu 11.04 because of this.
By zayed at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 12:10pm
Not strigi/nepomuk specific
>What makes KDE good for me is strigi/nepomuk!!
Well in this case, you should be upset that KDE devs chose to release this feature without tests: untested code is broken code (most of time).
Look this is not a strigi/nepomuk specific issue, this is a software development process issue.
If you read about the Linux 3.0 development history[1], you'll see that they had a late bugs, that they finally understood and fixed with a 15 line patch, yet Linus *still* made another RC release to check that the patch was correct (and it wasn't 100% correct).
So a rewriting of not so small portion of code *activated by default in KDE*, *integrated after the last RC*??
By renox at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 1:27pm
At least get your facts straight
> Well in this case, you should be upset that KDE devs chose to release this feature without tests: untested code is broken code (most of time).
The new Nepomuk bits come with a lot of unit teests to check functionality of the internals and prevent regressions with development. Please, at least get your facts straight before going with unsubstantiated claims.
By Luca Beltrame at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 5:42am
> The new Nepomuk bits come
> The new Nepomuk bits come with a lot of unit tests to check functionality of the internals and prevent regressions with development. Please, at least get your facts straight before going with unsubstantiated claims.
I don't claim that Nepomuk is untested, unit test are nice, but the "Release Candidate" test is a much more thorough test to pass (assuming there're are enough users willing to use the RC): that's why Release Candidate exist!
That new code was integrated after the last RC which means that de facto, the RC wasn't a real RC, IMHO the KDE project should have the courage of naming things properly: either they do RC and call them RC, either they don't and they call it beta-1, beta-2, etc and then release.
By renox at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 7:34am
Unit tests alone: not enough.
Unit tests are not a valid replacement to widespread testing, when it comes to memory leaks. The unit test will pass, because the functionality is there, and the memory leak will be small and so will get unnoticed, because the function generating the leak is only used once. However, if you want to test seriously a program, you don't need only unit tests; you need torture tests. For instance:
1. Select 12,000 audio clips from FreeSound and index them with Strigi.
I've been working with some law documents (statute histories, they are LOOOOOONG) and I proposed them as torture tests to exercise one specific Nepomuk feature: PDF text indexing. I'm amazed that you don't know that: I'm finishing a law thesis, I don't know a bit about coding, but, as you can see, I don't need to be a computer scientist to know a bit about testing.
PS: Better yet: why don't you turn your unit test into a test that exercises 50,000 times the same function, and see the result (and you can also time it, measuring performance increases)?. This *COULD* be better, but still cannot replace torture tests (e.g. cleaning memory properly in the test, but not in the real world). Unit tests built this way + torture tests = the way to go ;)
By Ernesto Manríquez at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 4:30pm
Brilliant comment
All I wanted to say.
By Anonymous at Sun, 2011/07/31 - 10:10am
Unfortunately, the KDE
Unfortunately, the KDE project abuse the term "release candidate" in strange ways. Then they release an RC, it's explicitly *not* a candidate for release, i.e., something that they consider releasing unchanged as the final version. KDE used to have proper release candidates in the old days, but these days we see major rewrites even after the *second* "release candidate", creating problems in the actual release. I wish they would reconsider this practice. On the other hand, though the path is rocky, what comes out at long last is a great product, so I can't really complain.
By Haakon Nilsen at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 7:52am
I'm the OP.I'm watching
I'm the OP.
I'm watching closely this, because I'm sick of watching my favourite desktop being botched down by a buggy implementation of an interesting technology, like Nepomuk. I see the heavy Nepomuk refactoring that is taking place in KDE 4.8 trunk, the rationale behind it and I suggest:
Why don't you just backport the whole thing? After all, despite all of those leaks, they a) were present before (I can attest that, KDE 4.6 exhibited similar behaviour with nepomukstorage, but I only suffered it once, since Strigi remembered what was indexed, so it was bearable) and b) they need anyway a refactoring for a proper fix (the infamous dbus CPU and memory leak bug was indeed killed by the refactoring in KDE 4.7.0)
There are users, like myself, willing to test the final fix of Nepomuk.
By Ernesto Manríquez at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 2:42pm
Test results: second leg.
After filing a bug in Fedora, I got experimental Strigi 0.7.5 packages, I installed them, and I discovered that my Strigi install was broken. There were duplicate files in Nepomuk database, and after I purged the old install and installed Rex's packages, some of my issues (Strigi indexer not remembering what was indexed, incorrect PDF indexing, for instance) were corrected.
However, the memory leak remains while indexing, and I suspect this leak haunted us since forever. Reindexing with the new Strigi binaries, Virtuoso is at 1 GB and counting. Fortunately, Vishesh Handa told me he can reproduce the leak, and he's working on it. Let's hope for the best :)
By Ernesto Manríquez at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 5:52pm
Test results: third leg.
I will write this here with bold and caps letters, because I can't believe what I'm seeing, and it's amazing.
This is it. KDE 4.7.0 is going to be great... when it's packaged properly. Let's wait :)
By Ernesto Manríquez at Wed, 2011/08/03 - 4:50am
Gnome 3 like behavior
Is it possible to have gnome 3 like behavior with kde 4.7?
1. One task Taskbar (without text)
I like the way Gnome3's menu is transformed into a nice full desktop based menu not just a box (kmenu) on the desktop. without any "Sub directories"
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 1:00am
you can try Plasma Netbook
you can try Plasma Netbook or... Gnome3 :P
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 5:44pm
Use the DE which suits you best
It's totally fine to use the GNOME Shell as your primary desktop shell if it suits your usage pattern better. All your favorite KDE applications are still very well supported though you lose the features provided by our KDE Plasma Workspaces.
By Martin Gräßlin at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 6:32pm
strange design decision for Oxygen, other comments
Thank you for all the hard work developers. I have a few comments:
Is it just me, or am I the only one who thinks the new folder icon isn't better than the previous one? In itself the new one isn't bad, it's the strange dark blue line which is so odd. Also the new icon seems to be mixed with the old icon, in the screenshot here the 'Documents' directory still uses the old icon which makes the iconset inconsistent. Maybe this is a trivial issue and you can't argue about taste, but why was design decision made I wonder?
What I really like about this release (based on what I see from the screenshots) is the new user interface for Dolphin. Just like with web browsers, I barely ever use the menu in a file manager, so it's nice to have it hidden under a button so it doesn't eat up vertical space.
The announcement mentions that 'KwebkitPart, integrating WebKit into KDE applications, has improved ad-blocking support, making browsing with a KDE WebKit browser a more pleasant experience'. But I wonder if anything else has changed to improve web browsing? Asking the question differently, I still need to fall back to Chromium because rekonq doesn't work well with some websites. Are problems when web browsing with rekonq caused by rekonq itself, KWebKitPart or QtWebKit?
I'm grateful for the new Akonadi-based KDE PIM, but unfortunately I still experience many problems – http://bit.ly/olg5mQ – when I use it. What worrying me even more is that I've been testing the new KMail for months before it was released and that I reported many bugs, of which the majority are still waiting to be investigated. I don't blame the developers because their time and the amount of developers working on KDE PIM are in short supply, But still, I think Evolution was more pleasant to use when I was still using GNOME. KMail 2 will probably improve in the future though, now that the developers can focus on polish since the port to Akonadi has been completed.
By Alexander van Loon at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 8:55am
Hey thanks for the comments.
I tested this folders alot and, I'm fully aware many people wont like them specially at the beginning, but we decided it was a step that we needed to take for several reasons, and from the vast feedback i get in this things people seam to grow an increasing love for this new folder.
There are more than a few reasons we changed the folder and in the end we believe it was the right thing to do.... BTW that screenshoot was not the happiest one as its shows some icons that should not be there and way to less empty space between icons making it look crowded a bit better would be http://wstaw.org/m/2011/07/28/plasma-desktopjI4451.jpg
cheers nuno
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 1:17pm
Classic Oxygen
Dear Nuno,
By Anonymous at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 3:42am
Its in kde-look
The classical folders are just a few clicks away via Get hot new stuff (yes its not hot and new but.. ;)...), in the icons area just use the GHNS to fetch the classical folder icons in kde-look.
By Anonymous at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 9:27am
Before 4.7.0 icons
kde-look.org has a before 4.7.0 icon theme. Simply search "oxygen old" or whatever ;)
By Anonymous at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 12:11pm
Asking the question
Nope. That is caued by the way QtWebKit releases are currently done which is beyond the control of reKonq or any webkit based KDE browser for that matter. Since a more up to date version of QtWebKit is bundled with major feature released of Qt (4.6.0, 4.7.0, 4.8.0), users have to wait until the next cycle of a major Qt release to see any tangible improvement, other than critical bug fixes, in QtWebKit based browsers. For example, the version of QtWebKit (v2.0) that comes bundled with all of the Qt 4.7.x releases is based on a snapshot webkit from over a year ago.
Unfortunately this problem cannot be addressed until QtWebKit releases are independent of Qt release which is something that is like not going to happen until Qt 5. The good news is the work on Qt 5 and Qt modularization is underway. Until then I am afraid the only way to get an up to date webkit based browser for Qt based platforms is for either you or your distribution to compile one of the new stable branches of QtWebKit from source, http://trac.webkit.org/wiki/QtWebKitReleases.
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 3:43pm
khtml > QtWebkit
Strange... many users and devs had complains about khtml in the past, argueing that webkit was more advanced. But now that webkit is available, it looks like that the situation is not better: QtWebkit is not up to date.
By zeroheure at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 4:56pm
Re: khtml > QtWebkit
QtWebkit WAS more advanced than khtml at the time that discussion took place. And it still is if you compare apples to apples, i.e. the current versions of QtWebkit and khtml from their respective sources.
As I already explained what hinders QtWebkit is how it is being distributed right now. More recent versions are only included on major Qt releases. Anyhow, nothing stops distros or even you from compiling a more recent stable version version of QtWebkit and using that instead of what comes bundled with Qt [1][2]. You cannot say the same about
[1] http://gitorious.org/webkit/qtwebkit/trees/qtwebkit-2.1
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 10:06pm
compiling qtwebkit
>Anyhow, nothing stops distros or even you from compiling a more recent stable version version of QtWebkit
The sheer size of qtwebkit 663 mb (downoad as source at git), and the time and configurations required to install; where are the clear and lucid documentation to compile and install qtwebkit for a distro?
Actually, I did compile and installed qt-4.8tp1, but it did not fix any promised issues, like java applets etc., becuase no clear instructions to compile and install the qt-4.8 or qtwebkit 2.2 are given.
Just like kde extracted phonon from qt and included in KDE SC, why can't KDE extract qtwebkit into kdewebkit??? Because khtml abhors its own child webkit?
By Asif Ali Rizwaan at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 3:51am
The sheer size of qtwebkit
First, why exactly would distros need anymore special documentation than the one provided at https://trac.webkit.org/wiki/QtWebKit#BuildInstructions to compile QtWebKit ? If you want to compile your own up to date version of QtWebKit all you have to do is build Qt without webkit support by passing --no-webkit. Then you can compile and install your own QtWebKit version [1].
Second, the actual size of the tar ball you can download from the links I posted in the earlier reply (there is a link for downloading a tar ball) is about half the size of what you mentioned above.
I have no idea what you did, but java applet support has been working since QtWebKit 2.1. See https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33044. On Linux you need to install the offical Sun/Oracle jre or java sdk for applets to work properly. The icedtea plugin will not work properly and no one has had the time nor the inclination to look into why. I know I haven't.
Do you have any idea how much work that is ?? The amount of work required to maintain the QtWebKit port is more than enough to keep several folks in the Qt division of Nokia busy on a daily basis let along the one or two people working on kdewebkit. Not to mention the fact that KDE is in the process of getting some of the core things merged upstream for Qt 5 which would be completely counter intutive to what you are suggesting here. But then again you seem to think that the reason for this has something to do with the very old khtml vs webkit conflict...
Oh and KDE did not exactly extract phonon from Qt. It was the Qt folks that sucked Phonon in and then changed their mind later because they had their own specific needs that they claimed cannot be satisified through the collaborative effort of working on Phonon.
[1] http://qtwebkit.blogspot.com/2011/07/qtwebkit-22-beta1-vs-qt-48-beta1.html
By Anonymous at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 6:41am
To be honest, I think that
To be honest, I think that the new folder icon looks a bit out of place. Not just on that screenshot, but everywhere. I don't know if its the color composition or the drawing style, but it somehow visually it doesn't mix perfectly. Maybe it's just me being used to the old icon, let's see.
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 7:27pm
I also liked the old one, but
I also liked the old one, but I like the new one much better.
By Anonymous at Mon, 2011/08/01 - 9:52pm
The old icons just better.
The old icons were just better. +1
By Anonymous at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 1:13pm
congratulations for the new
congratulations for the new release. using it right now.
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 4:49pm
What about KNetworkManager?
I don't want to mess my Kubuntu right now so i'm simply asking if KnetworkManager continues not to work with DSL connections!
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 6:54pm
Nobody is working in
Nobody is working in KNetworkManager !! Nowadays Plasma NM is doing all the networking GUI. See what's new in this release:
By zayed at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 8:06pm
Wrong! knetworkmanager is
By Anonymous at Sat, 2011/07/30 - 8:36pm
still used ≠ has active
still used ≠ has active development
By zayed at Sun, 2011/07/31 - 6:45am
Plasma NM
Have you tried it recently (current versions)? Are you still experiencing problems?
By Paul Eggleton at Sun, 2011/07/31 - 11:29am
Plasma Desktop Shell Crash
I just tried the opensuse 11.3 rpms and the plasma-desktop-shell crashes during login. Everything is working except the plasma desktop. Still don't know whether this is a bug or a feature.
By trixl at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 7:40pm
a feature?
Of course, a crash isn't a feature. I haven't tried the opensuse rpm's yet, so I don't know whether it's a bug in packaging. But it's most likely something weird locally to your installation. Try moving the .kde or .kde4 directory to a backup place and then login; it might be some setting in there that's causing trouble.
By Anonymous at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 7:50am
Is there way to test KDE-Telepathy without building for oneself, on Debian?
By Anonymous at Thu, 2011/07/28 - 11:13pm
KDE's super applications
Honestly, I use KDE because of:
1. KWin - just behaves as a window manager should (compositing, wobbly, invert effect)
All the above look coherent in KDE because of
And thanks to oxygen-gtk, most feature rich and useful programs are consistent in KDE 4; like gnome-mixer, gnumeric, libreoffice, firefox (with oxygen-kde)
As can be observed, I'm using mostly QT only or GTK applications more for my entertainment and productivity;
most default applications do not go to the point of "wow" factor like smplayer, goldendict, speedcrunch. here's a list
a. dragon player < smplayer/vlc (even with phonon-mplayer phonon-vlc, fullscreen, subtitles, mouse, keyboard behavior)
By Asif Ali Rizwaan at Fri, 2011/07/29 - 4:34am


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Storm Windows Save Heating Energy
A version of this article appears in the May/June 2013 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
April 30, 2013
Homeowners looking to upgrade the energy efficiency of windows have a number of options short of replacement. The obvious first steps are to make any necessary repairs and to seal air leaks. Then there are numerous interior and exterior window attachments to consider. This article will focus on three of those attachments: plastic film applied to the interior side of a single-glazed window, exterior clear-glass storm windows, and exterior storm windows with a low-e coating.
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text:
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
- Acidophilus
- Calendula
- Caraway
- Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL)
- Fish Oil
- Lactic Acid
- Oak Bark
- Rhizophora mangle (Red Mangrove)
- Slippery Elm
- Vitamin B 1
- Witch Hazel
Canker sores are small ulcers in the mouth caused by an assortment of viruses. A susceptibility to canker sores tends to run in families. No successful conventional treatment is available.
Proposed Natural Treatments for Canker Sores
A highly preliminary study suggests that a chemically altered form of the herb licorice known as deglycyrrhizinated licorice (DGL) may be useful for speeding the resolution of canker sores. 1 And, in a second, better designed trial employing a dissolving adhesive patch with glycyrrhiza root extract, researchers noted an improvement in ulcer size and pain compared to the use of a placebo patch. 8
A product containing vitamins and minerals as well as the herbs paprika, rosemary , peppermint , milfoil, hawthorn , and pumpkin seed has been used in Scandinavia for many years as a treatment for various mouth-related conditions. A small 6-month study reported that use of this product could reduce frequency of canker sores. 2 However, two subsequent studies failed to find any meaningful benefit. 3-4
One small double-blind study found benefits with an extract of the bark of the red mangrove tree, Rhizophora mangle . 5
A study performed in Iraq reported benefits through use of a mouthwash containing 5% lactic acid. 7
Other herbs and supplements sometimes recommended for canker sores but lacking supporting evidence include caraway , oak bark , witch hazel , acidophilus , calendula , slippery elm , and vitamin B 1 .
One study failed to find that alpha-linolenic acid from perilla oil reduced incidence of canker sores. 6
In a small randomized trial with 50 people wiht recurrent canker sores, omega-3 fatty acids (1 gram, 3 times per day for 6 months) was associated with improvement in the number of ulcers, pain level of ulcers, and healing time of ulcers by up to 3 months when compared to placebo. 9
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


text:
Hydrocephalus is too much fluid in the brain. The fluid is called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is a clear fluid that normally surrounds both the spinal cord and the brain. It is also in the ventricular system of the brain. With hydrocephalus the ventricles, or spaces, become enlarged.
You may be born with hydrocephalus, or it may develop after an injury or illness.
Hydrocephalus occurs when:
- A blockage doesn't allow CSF to drain properly
- Another condition, such as bleeding, inflammation, or infection, makes the brain unable to resorb fluid
- An excess of CSF is produced
These problems with the CSF may be caused by:
- Brain tumors
- Cancer
- Inflammation in the CSF
- Cysts in the brain
- Malformations of the central nervous system, such as:
- Brain injuries
- Infections of the brain or meninges, such as encephalitis or meningitis
- Problems with the blood vessels in the brain, such as aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations
- Bleeding into the brain or CSF space
Risk Factors
Factors that may increase your chance of hydrocephalus include:
- Neural tube defects
Mother has infection during pregnancy, such as:
- Cytomegalovirus
- Toxoplasmosis
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
- Chickenpox
- Mumps
- Brain infections
- Malformations of the brain
- Brain injuries
- Brain hemorrhage
Symptoms depend on the severity of the hydrocephalus. The extra CSF puts pressure on the brain. Symptoms may start out mild and become more severe as CSF pressure increases.
Symptoms may include:
- Headache, which may often be worse when lying down, upon first awakening in the morning, or with straining
- Nausea and vomiting
- Problems with balance
- Difficulty walking
- Poor coordination
- Difficulty controlling urination
- Personality changes
- Confusion
- Memory problems
- Loss of consciousness
- Death
In babies, symptoms may include:
- Large head circumference
- Bulging fontanelle on the head
- Slow development
- No longer able to do activities they once could do
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Tests to examine the internal structure of the brain may include:
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- Ultrasound in children up to 15-18 months old with open anterior fontanelles
Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include:
- Ventriculoperitoneal shunt allows excess CSF to drain into another area, usually the abdomen. Sometimes a temporary extraventricular drain (EVD) is placed.
- Third ventriculostomy allows CSF to flow out of the area where it is building up by creating a hole in an area of the brain.
- Removal of the obstruction of CSF flow.
- Medication to decrease the production of CSF or to reduce swelling.
- Lumbar puncture to remove excess CSF.
People who have increased risk for hydrocephalus should be carefully monitored. Immediate treatment might prevent long-term complications.
There are no current guidelines to prevent hydrocephalus, but you can decrease your risk of developing it. In general:
- Take folate before pregnancy to reduce the chances of neural tube defects and myelomeningocele (a type of spina bifida).
- Get regular prenatal care.
- Keep your child's vaccines up to date.
- Protect yourself or your child from head injuries.
To prevent certain infections in the mother during pregnancy, take these steps:
- Talk with your doctor about updating your vaccines.
- Carefully cook meat and vegetables.
- Correctly clean contaminated knives and cutting surfaces.
- Avoid handling cat litter, or wear gloves when cleaning the litter box.
- Avoid rodent contact.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Rimas Lukas, MD
- Review Date: 09/2018 -
- Update Date: 09/30/2014 -


text:
Like gold, silver is having a nice run, and investors are taking notice.
The iShares Silver Trust ETF (SLV) moved up 9% last week, while the SPDR Gold Shares ETF (GLD) ticked up 2%.
ETF Securities recently focused on the precious metal's changing outlook in its newsletter Silver Shines as Gold: Silver Ratio at 3-Year High Attracts Investors.
To understand the major factors driving the uptick in silver, ThinkAdvisor spoke with Mike McGlone, CFA, FRM, director of U.S. research for ETF Securities in New York.
Gold-to-Silver Price Ratio
This ratio can give investors a sense of relative valuation.
Before 2008, it took roughly 50 ounces of silver to buy one ounce of gold, says McGlone. During the recent economic crisis, the ratio increased to 80.
As of early August, the ratio was 66-to-1.
At that level, says McGlone, it "looks like silver at 66 is generally pretty cheap vs. gold, or you can say gold is rich vs. silver."
Price Chart Action
The ETFS Physical Silver Shares Fund (SIVR) peaked above $34 last October and dropped below $19 in late June. The shares rebounded slightly in late June and have since held steady just under $20.
Nonetheless, the 50-day exponential moving average is well below its 200-day average, and SIVR's price is still below both averages.
Still, McGlone says, this is just the short-term story.
"In the bigger picture, the market has been really rallying for the last, as we know it, 12 years," he explained. "So, we view, and certainly I view this as a bit of a correction within the trend."
McGlone hesitates to call silver oversold, but he points to historical price movements as an indicator of how that condition could develop.
Silver was down 34% since the beginning of this year in early August. If that result holds through year-end, it would be the third-worst annual price performance since 1955.
At one point it was 36% below its 200-day moving average, McGlone notes. During the crisis of 2008, he says, silver reached a low of about 42% below its 200-day moving average.
At those levels the market presents an opportunity to get back in, McGlone believes.
"Of course, picking bottoms is always difficult. But we look at it in the relative value basis, and it's not just a day trade. It's not something you just say, 'Fine, I'm going to buy it today, and it's going to go up,' " he says.
"You start to scale in, and you look at, this is very attractive levels. And, we view 20 as kind of that bottom line, very attractive level. Not to say it can't get a bit lower," the expert noted. "But in the long return, we think the trend should continue, and the market should rally from current levels."
Options Pricing and Upside
ETF Securities believes that a sustained move above $20 could indicate a new bottom.
Since the beginning of 2011, there has been a generally direct relationship between the silver put-call ratio 20-day moving average and the silver price.
In late July, the silver put-call ratio's 20-day moving average spiked to the highest level since December, when the price of silver was $33 an ounce, highlighting rising investor optimism about the outlook for prices.
Growing Demand
Another reason for McGlone's bullish outlook: increased demand from industrial users and investors.
Low prices should spur industrial purchases of silver, helping to provide an increase in demand. Investors are also responding to the sub-$20 price.
"The investor demand has been very strong, and that's been notably pointed out through U.S. Mint sales," he said. "U.S. Mint sales have been off the charts and just basically are running at records."
Mint sales for silver coins "are running at a pace of about 50 million ounces, and the most ever was in 2011 — that's for the entire year and that's if they continue at the same pace," McGlone said. "(The) most ever, in terms of sale of silver coins from the U.S. Mint was 40 million ounces in 2011."
Check out Gold: Glittering Yet Again? on ThinkAdvisor.


text: Wednesday, December 19, 2012 New Webinar: Reporting Functional Limitations on Claim Forms Beginning January 1, 2013, outpatient therapy providers will need to report information about their Medicare patient's functional limitations on the claim form. This reporting requirement will apply to outpatient physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech language pathology services provided in hospitals, critical access hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation facilities (CORFs), rehabilitation agencies, home health agencies (when the beneficiary is not under a home health plan of care), and in private offices of therapists, physicians and nonphysician practitioners. A new APTA webinar recording provides information regarding the new functional limitation reporting as you implement the requirement in your practice. Specific information is provided on which new codes to report, documentation, and claims submission. The video can be found on the Functional Limitation Reporting Under Medicare webpage under General Information. Comments Unable to download the "new APTA webinar" Posted by Gary Keown on 12/21/2012 11:51 AM Please give me some insight on how this affects patients being seen for wound care in out-pt clinics. I would like to pass this on to all the members of our Wound Care SIG asap, and not sure what to tell them. Thanks so much for your help. Posted by Rose Hamm on 12/21/2012 1:10 PM


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Greening Your Ventilation
A version of this article appears in the May/June 2007 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
May 06, 2007
Since today's houses are now tightened for air conditioning as well as heating, there is less and less natural ventilation in our homes. This means that additional forms of mechanical ventilation are needed to deal with interior pollution. A healthy home is "dry, clean, well ventilated, pest-free, free from contaminants, safe, and well-maintained" according to the National Center for Healthy Housing. A green home should also be a healthy home, and ventilation is one of the principal ways we can ensure a green home's health. If health were not a consideration in buildings, we could very well ignore ventilation. In this column, I'll look at the role ventilation plays in making a home healthier from the start, and in maintaining its health after it is occupied. I'll also explore the potential and limitations of ventilation in new and older homes. As technological advances have brought new tools to the ventilation field, building scientists are constantly struggling to come up with standards that will provide us with as complete and effective a ventilation strategy for each building as possible. The intense debates, ...
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The Home Energy Online articles are for personal use only and may not be printed for distribution. For permission to reprint, please send an e-mail to email@example.com.


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Beautiful bike! I agree, Veloria, that is one of the prettiest bikes I've ever seen. I don't think I could ride it, because of the racing posture, but I can sure oggle it!ReplyDelete
Veloria... you're going to make me spend money!!!! That has to be one of the sexiest bikes I've ever seen... perfect color, magnificent drop outs. It's just....ReplyDelete
Now my collection seems quite incomplete. :(
Mike's creations are the only TIG'ed bicycles I would really consider owning... his workmanship is superlative and his designs are both functional and timeless... long-time admirer of ANT bicycles... thanks for reminding me.ReplyDelete
The Grouch
- dave talsmaMay 3, 2011 at 6:55 AM
You have no idea about how much you can dream about a bike, I ordered mine last August and it should only be a few weeks now. I wish I knew how to email you photos to you when I get mine.ReplyDelete
- Keir WhitcherMay 3, 2011 at 7:00 AM
A beautiul machine indeed. My steel (Primate Frames) SS CX bike has Sugino 75s and Phil Wood hubs. I wouldn't be without them or their bottom brackets. Simply the best in the business!! Engineering at it's finest!ReplyDelete
Here is a functional work of art. The tube work, the paint, the clarity of design.......splendid.ReplyDelete
Very nice! The paint job looks great. I especially like the color!ReplyDelete
Una gran bici...Saludos desde Sevilla (España)ReplyDelete
I would love to try thoser handlebars...But nothing even close comes to my bike shop. Not that I can afford it anyway, just saying. But I would love to give them a try.ReplyDelete
Oh baby.ReplyDelete
Oh baby.
Draw the shades, dim the lights. This is the most lecherous post to date.
It really is lovely the way the handlebars echo the arc of the truss frame.ReplyDelete
If you love truss work, you should check out this beautiful Malvern Star ladies frame, up for sale at the moment on the Bay: http://tinyurl.com/3mrfkobReplyDelete
Very beautiful! A work of functional art, for sure. I love those knurled dropout adjusters!!! There is something almost steampunk about them, but very subtle, and completely functional. They complement the bike very well.ReplyDelete
I'm curious what the bike weighs as shown?
"As their eyes followed the glistening Phil hubs with longing and admiration, I felt like the luckiest girl in town."ReplyDelete
You were, Velouria, you were!
From all of the teasers, I was wondering if you'd managed to buy or trade your way into this bike. I could see you picking a color similar to it for your own truss frame. I look forward to seeing what confection you end up concocting.
This is on the list as a modern holy grail bike for me.
Dave Talsma- congratulations! Now you need to figure out how to do a truss-frame-themed uke.
Corey K
- kiwigemMay 3, 2011 at 10:17 AM
I'm generally not a red/burgundy gal, but that paint really is beautiful. Does it actually have that perpetually "wet" look even in person? It's like liquid in motion. Really something.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 3, 2011 at 10:19 AM
Do your other bikes know what you're up to on your unsupervised trips to town?ReplyDelete
My singlespeed mountainbike, "Brandeen" would absolutely thrash me if she ever caught me leering at some bikes seat cluster like that(and from such an immodest angle...). Of course you run around with all those "City Bikes" and their "anything goes", cosmopolitan approach to relationships. Brandeen's just a simple country girl with one gear and a simple heart, not like some of those tramp Tri-athlon bikes with their weird get-ups and skintight fairings, or the disturbing Mixtes you see running around in mens saddles and "catch me, ride me" white tires.
I guess we shouldn't be surprised after you dumped your nice, stable(and LOYAL!) Pashley Princess(I wonder, do you still remember her name?) for a never ending stream of ever faster, skinnier tired vixens( that vulgar Eyetalian fixed gear for example, A bike to run fast and loose with if I ever saw one).
Rev. Spindizzy
Rev. Spindizzy = LOL!ReplyDelete
snarkypup - If you can ride your roadbike with dropbars, this is easier. It's just more leaned over than an upright bike.ReplyDelete
I rode out to Holliston a couple of weeks ago to talk to Mike about a low trail fork for the Club Racer and happened to see one of his new truss frames with those Paul dropouts, and agree they are quite h0tt.ReplyDelete
Nice. The bubblegum pink spot between the truss and TT is funny. Definitely modern geo.ReplyDelete
Looks like someone at the Dutch bike factory got a bit cheeky, took a loop frame and inverted it.
dave talsma - filigreevelo[at]yahooReplyDelete
Nanseikan- Good Lord! I am trying to imagine that Malvern Star frame as a complete bike. So what was the front truss for?...
@Velouria - a little more digging reveals that it was the "Coronation" model, made to commemorate the coronation of QEII, so not quite the same amount of history behind it as your beloved truss bike. Methinks those extra fork stays were probably aesthetic, to make it look more like the coronation carriage. bReplyDelete
Corey K - I am getting one, just not sure when, so don't want to tease too explicitly lest it happen later rather than sooner. I have an arrangement with Mike whereby we are trading truss frame for equal value's worth of photography services.ReplyDelete
While I like the cherry colour on someone else's bike, it is not my thing. I do have a colour picked out already, but don't want to jinx it : )
Veloria, I can't ride the Panasonic with the road bars anymore and I've given up pretending. Hence the purchase of the Creme Caferacer mixte (which should arrive this week). The Bicycle of the Gods will be sold to someone who appreciates it, unicrown fork and all. It's all on rideblog, cataloging my decision to sell, as well as buy (I know you know about the buy part).ReplyDelete
So I couldn't ride the Truss. Much to my sadness.
- KirstenMay 3, 2011 at 2:47 PM
Oooooohh! The other half would be green with envy, except he just finished building something similar -- a lugged Raleigh Supercourse done in maroon with creme paneling and pinstriping, including the rims.ReplyDelete
The only thing we've not finished is the handlebars -- we're trying to dye twine maroon by various methods. When it's done, we'll send pictures. Have to say though, I prefer the truss frame.
Rev Spindizzy - My bikes are not permitted to access the internet precisely for that reason. I guess it's clear that I am a velo-polygamist... Eustacia is better off with the velo-monogamist who appreciates her for what she is.ReplyDelete
I can only imagine your wrath when you learn that I've been fondling Seven cycles today...
snarkypup - I know, I follow the rideblog with interest : ) But what I mean is that this isn't anywhere near the position of drop bars, but more like a mixte. Albatross bars are extremely upright and swept back, but here they are installed in a way that makes them more sporty. Still, they are essentially upright Albatross bars. If you can ride the mixte, you can ride this bike. Not that I am encouraging you to spend yet more money...ReplyDelete
Need more pictures...ReplyDelete
^ There are some additional ones here : ))ReplyDelete
It's definitely a beautiful bike. Actually, it's elegant. The more I look at those truss frames, the more I think of bridges. Perhaps the lines and curves of the frame make them graceful in a similar way to the cables that stretch between the towers of a suspension bridge or the arches of a bridge like the Pont Neuf.ReplyDelete
The reason why Sugino 75 cranks are so popular is that, for one, they are probably the least expensive NJS-certified cranks. NJS is the body that governs Keirin racing in Japan, where there is a system for betting that is similar to the pari-mutuel system the US and other countries have for horse-racing. All of the racers are licensed, and none are allowed to use equipment that isn't approved. Nearly all of the approved equipment is Japanese. Also, only silver, gold and champagne-colored equipment is approved; racers can't components that are black or other colors. (Hipster fixies need not apply!)
Another reason for the 75's popularity is that it's stiff and it takes the same chainring size as Campagnolo and Shimano Dura-Ace track cranks. Plus, it is pretty.
Justine - Wow. That is the sort of thing I absolutely do not know but love to learn. Thanks so much.ReplyDelete
When you say that "only silver, gold and champagne-colored equipment is approved," do you mean including bikes, or just components?
- AnonymousMay 3, 2011 at 6:24 PM
I am appalled but not surprised. I've even been informed that there are frame builders who will convert a diamond frame into a step-thru and vice versa.ReplyDelete
The bike is drop-dead gorgeous.ReplyDelete
Just curious: Is the truss a purely aesthetic design element, or does it also serve as a frame stiffener?
- AnonymousMay 3, 2011 at 7:03 PM
I know a little about Keirin Racing but wasn't aware that only those colors of componants were allowed. I thought it was just tradition or something. The bikes themselves are very traditional and extremely well made.
Racing bikes are very often finished in a sort of haphazard way(or at least they used to way back when) but Keirin bikes have always been so well finished. I've been told that it was that way because you had to use only the approved stuff and everyone making the approved stuff realized there was a rare opportunity to make real money, so only very high end parts were supplied. There is so much money involved in the sport that the cost of even really fine bikes is negligible. Doe's that sound right to you?
What a graceful bike! It looks like it would just glide along the road, silent and neat. Thanks for the great photos ... and thanks too for the awesome blog. I just discovered it and am enjoying reading through your posts.ReplyDelete
Jason (Bike Ride Rambles)
Gorgeous bike and thorough review, as always, of what works visually and mechanically, and why. That colour is to die for by the way. Just glorious, and enhances that elegant frame so well.ReplyDelete
MT cyclist - I am pretty sure that originally they were designed as frame stiffeners, but since this isn't actually necessary I consider them decorative.ReplyDelete
A very beautiful and elegant bike to be sure. Thank you for sharing, Velouria. Can't wait to see your version, whenever it materializes. I'm not tempted because I tried the single-speed format and it wasn't for me. It somehow doesn't seem right that this bike would be anything but a a fixie or ss. Interesting that the new SimpleOne starts at 56cm and that's too large for me. Anyway, digressions. BTW, the color of this gorgeous bike is very similar to the color that I had my Ti road bike painted...the one I retired, and don't ride anymore......Steve in MDReplyDelete
Nice. Really beautiful bike. Love the paint too. Not keen on the truss thing though, but I could live with it just because the bike otherwise rocks.ReplyDelete
islaysteve said...ReplyDelete
"Interesting that the new SimpleOne starts at 56cm and that's too large for me."
Keep in mind though that Rivendell measures their frames C-T. So what they call a 56cm is what I would call a 54cm. My Bianchi is that size and I can ride it at 5'7".
this bike is soooooooooo gorgeous. it makes me dream of riding it down long, country lanes....hey! this is an aside, but have you seen these bike helmets? http://bellehelmets.com/index.html they are incredible!ReplyDelete
Dang... you mean I could ride that? I really wish I didn't know that. It was better to believe I could never do it.ReplyDelete
Must let Creme Caferacer satisfy bike lust...
And I know you read rideblog, and I love you for it, but I know not everyone reads every post all of the time (that was rather Lincoln-esque).
Spindizzy: Your explanation sounds right. At one time, Keirin racing was a huge money-maker; as I understand, it still is. So the incentive is certainly there to make nicely finished bikes and parts.ReplyDelete
Velouria: The silver/gold/champagne restriction applies only to components. I don't know that there's any reason other than tradition. So, if you were to buy, for example, a black Sugino 75 crank or chainring, it wouldn't be stamped "NJS Approved" even though, save for the color, it's exactly the same as the approved silver/gold/champagne items.
Back in my racing days, we all had to wear white socks. That is an old UCI rule for which no one seemed to know the origin or reason. And nearly all local cycling federations (the ones regarding road racing, anyway) follow the UCI's lead.
- AnonymousMay 4, 2011 at 8:54 AM
I remember we also had to WEAR socks, I had to borrow some when I showed up for a crit in Richmond and had forgotten mine. I thought it was a little funny that they didn't consider me presentably dressed to go out and join a 10 bike crash in a filthy gutter without some nice white socks to help soak up the blood.ReplyDelete
Oh yay. What a beautiful bike. And Jim's my favorite Mechanic at Harris ( has helped me with a flat or two). Nice to see his bike.ReplyDelete


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On the Choice Between Such Simple Mechanisms as Individual Ownership and the First-come First-serve Rule When Renegotiation is CostlyLando, Henrik (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article compares a set of often used simple contracts or mechanisms in terms of how well they allocate decision rights between two agents over time. A basic assumption is that agents incur a fixed cost each time they renegotiate. The contracts or mechanisms studied are: individual ownership and authority, the first-come first-serve rule, the alternating rule and the sign-up rule. One trade-off that arises is the following: when usage of the asset is flexible in the sense that it does not matter in which period it occurs, agents may rely on obtaining the asset through arriving first at some point, while when an agent needs to time and plan the use of the asset, he or she may wish to hold stronger rights or to use the sign-up rule as a simple form of contracting. (JEL:D10, D23, L22); Keywords: Incomplete contracts, individual ownership,first-come first-serve rule, costly renegotiation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6815
Files in this item: 1wplefic012004.pdf (658.9Kb)
Lando, Henrik; Rose, Caspar (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Abstract: Proponents of specific performance as a remedy for breach of contract have found support in the alleged use of the remedy in Civil Law countries. However, we provide evidence that specific performance is in fact a rare remedy in Denmark, Germany and France, and under CISG, when performance requires actions to be undertaken, and we relate this to costs of enforcement. We argue that it is administratively costly to run a system of enforcement that renders specific performance attractive to the aggrieved party, and that the Civil Law countries have (like Common Law countries) chosen not to incur these costs of enforcement. This is especially clear in the case of Denmark, where specific performance of actions has been abandoned as a legal remedy. At the normative level, we argue that enforcement costs provides an additional rationale, over and above the rationales of the theory of efficient breach, for damages and against specific performance as the general remedy. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6823
Files in this item: 1wplefic142003new2.pdf (270.4Kb)
Eliasson, Gunnar; Wihlborg, Clas (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The New Economy is closely associated with computing & communications technology, notably the Internet. We discuss property rights to, and trade in, the difficult-to-define intangible assets increasingly dominating the New Economy, and the possibility of under-investment in these assets. For a realistic analysis we introduce a Schumpeterian market environment (the experimentally organized economy). Weak property rights prevail when the rights to access, use, and trade in intangible assets cannot be fully exercised. The trade-off between the benefits of open access on the Internet, and the incentive effects of strengthened property rights, depend both on the particular strategy a firm employs to secure property rights, and the protection offered by law. Economic property rights can be strengthened if the originator can find innovative ways to charge for the intangible assets. The extreme complexity of the New Economy and the large number of possible innovative private contract arrangements make it more important to facilitate the use and enforcement of private individualized contracts to protect intellectual property than to rely only on standard mandatory patent and copyright law. Enabling law is one proposed solution. Current patent legislation in the US has led to costly litigation processes weakening the position of small firms and individuals in patent disputes. The property rights of such firms and individuals could be strengthened with insurance or arbitration procedures. Key words: Competence bloc theory, Enabling law, Experimentally Organized Economy, New Economy, Weak property rights, Tradability, Underinvestment. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6811
Files in this item: 1wplefic052003.pdf (378.8Kb)
On the optimal negligence standard in tort law when one party is a long-run and the other a short-run playerLando, Henrik (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6828
Files in this item: 1wplefic022005.pdf (156.2Kb)
Davis, Lee (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6822
Files in this item: 1wplefic022002.pdf (432.2Kb)
Lando, Henrik (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The standard of proof in criminal law a®ects retributive justice through the number of wrong convictions and wrong acquittals. It also a®ects the level of crime, since a higher standard of proof implies less deterrence and less incapacitation. This article derives an expression for the optimal standard from a trade-o® between these e®ects, and applies the expression to the crime of sexual violation against women. For this crime, social preferences for justice versus prevention of crime are elicited through a survey and inserted into the expression for the optimal standard. The result indicates that the concern for prevention of crime may have a signi¯cant e®ect on the optimal standard of proof. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6785
Files in this item: 1wplefic042003.pdf (634.2Kb)
Lando, Henrik (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6797
Files in this item: 1wplefic012005.pdf (248.0Kb)
Lessons for the EU from United States History, 1789 - 1861Sweeney, Richard J. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: If secession or expulsion ends in a "velvet divorce," as with Czechoslovakia, costs are minimal and the split is relatively unimportant. High costs arise if a federation splits into mutually hostile, comparably sized regions. Perhaps the majority of splits lead to dangerous hostility. A well-designed constitution minimizes the likelihood of hostile splits by limiting the issues that are dealt with at the federal level, by providing checks and balances, and by establishing due process under the rule of law. Preventing the conditions under which a hostile split may arise is more costeffective than trying to optimize the terms of a split or to find last-minute compromises to forestall the split. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6786
Files in this item: 1wplefic122003.pdf (396.6Kb)
Why Didn't the U.S. Civil War Go On and On?Sweeney, Richard J. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The post-Civil War reconciliation between the North and the South is a very rare event in the history of civil wars. The South was thoroughly beaten. Top generals, particularly Robert E. Lee, saw further fighting as "useless effusion of blood." There was no call by top Confederate leaders for continuing the fight with the type of bushwacking that occurred in Missouri and Kansas. Reconstruction is often thought of as harsh, but compared to the standards of history Confederates were by and large treated well after the Civil War. Within a decade or so of the end of the Civil War, conservative white elites had established political, economic and social dominance in the South. They had lost their "slave property" and the "government of our own." They could never get back slavery, and a government of their own was not worth fighting for. There was little reason for the kind of persistent low-level guerilla warfare that often occurs after civil wars, or the organization of a succession of rebellions. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6810
Files in this item: 1wplefic132003.pdf (447.2Kb)
Lessons from the Causes of the American RevolutionSweeney, Richard J. (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Because the conflicts that led to the American Revolution mainly arose from constitutional issues, the history of these conflicts offers lessons for the design of the new European Union constitution. One lesson is the importance of avoiding needless conflicts between federal and member-state governments. In particular, forcing decisions on where sovereignty lies may cause great conflict. Another lesson is that a federal system depends on good will among the federal and member-state governments, and because this good will is easily dissipated, efforts should be made to nurture it. Federal exercise of power will often alienate member states; thus, a sensible strategy is to grant the federal government only the minimal powers that a strong consensus agrees it must have, and to change these powers only by strong consensus. Removing "democratic deficits" may not be sufficient in many cases to give legitimacy to exercise of federal power; minorities may require protection by constitutional limits on federal powers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6782
Files in this item: 1wplefic102003.pdf (372.3Kb)
Lando, Henrik (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The paper argues that society should vary the sanction applied to a criminal defendant with the weight of the evidence against him or her. This is optimal when it is costly for society to apply sanctions, since it can yield the same degree of deterrence while requiring fewer resources to be spent on sanctioning. Furthermore, when the unfairness of convicting an innocent defendant increases with the size of the sanction, this provides a further rationale for graduating sanctions with the probability of guilt. Some objections are briefly discussed, mainly that it is inherently unfair to apply different sanctions on people, who have committed the same offense, and that the legal system will lose legitimacy if it allows sanctions to vary in the way suggested. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6820
Files in this item: 1wplefic082004.pdf (289.7Kb)
Wihlborg, Clas (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The democratic deficit in the so-called bargaining democracy provides the motivation for constitutional efforts to limit the ability of different groups to form coalitions that are able to grant benefits to themselves through legislation that more or less directly benefit identifiable groups. A constitutional hierachy of laws that stand in conflict is proposed. In this hierarchy more "rule-oriented" legislation dominate less "rule-oriented" legislation. The main purpose of the proposal is to create a momentum of the political process towards more rule-oriented policy actions and legislation, and to inspire the policy debate to focus on principles and rules to an increasing extent. At the same time, the difficulty of defining a rule as opposed to an outcome-oriented directive is avoided by limiting the task of a constitutional court to simply rank conflicting policy actions with respect to the degree actions satisfy criteria for rules. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6791
Files in this item: 1wplefic052004.pdf (195.8Kb)
a matter of contractual failuresRose, Caspar (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Abstract: This article analyzes the conflict of interests between shareholders and other stakeholders, including when such conflicts of interests may arise. It is argued that shareholder value cannot be justified simply by referring to any prerogative property rights of the shareholders. Instead, shareholder value coincides with the efficient hypothetical perfect contract. However, due to contractual failures in certain bargain situations, management may be unable to "internalize the firms externalities". This means that in these situations there is a tradeoff between a broad duty of loyalty for management in listed firms and other traditional remedies. The theoretical insights are applied on a case from the Danish Supreme Court (Louis Poulsen A/S) where the interests of the stakeholders were decisive. However, it is shown that the verdict may instead harm the relevant stakeholders illustrating how cautious the legal system should use a doctrine based on the "company's interests". In addition, the notion of a firm's social responsibility is critically evaluated together with the associated pitfalls of accepting this concept. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6796
Files in this item: 1wplefic162003.pdf (375.9Kb)
Keuschnigg, Christian; Nielsen, Søren Bo (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper we set up a model of start-up finance under double moral hazard. Entrepreneurs lack own resources and business experience to develop their ideas. Venture capitalists can provide start-up finance and commercial support. The effort put forth by either agent contributes to the firm's success, but is not verifiable. As a result, the market equilibrium is biased towards inefficiently low venture capital support. The capital gains tax becomes especially harmful, as it further impairs advice and causes a first-order welfare loss. Once the capital gains tax is in place, limitations on loss off-set may paradoxically contribute to higher quality of venture capital finance and welfare. Subsidies to physical investment in VC-backed startups are detrimental in our framework. Keywords: Venture capital, capital gains taxation, double moral hazard. JEL-Classification: D82, G24, H24, H25 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6821
Files in this item: 1wplefic032003.pdf (694.8Kb)
Motta, Massimo; Rønde, Thomas (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We show that when the researcher's (observable but not contractible) contribution to innovation is crucial, a covenant not to compete (CNC) reduces effort and profits under both spot and relational contracts. Having no CNC allows the researcher to leave for a rival. This alleviates a commitment problem by forcing the firm to reward a successful researcher. However, if the firm's R&D investment mainly matters, including a CNC in the contract is optimal, as it ensures the firm's incentives to invest. JEL Codes: J3, K2, L14, O31, O34. Keywords: Innovation, intellectual property rights, labor contracts, poaching, relational contracts, start-ups. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6800
Files in this item: 1wplefic122002.pdf (481.6Kb)
An Economic AnalysisRose, Caspar (København, 2005)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article studies the involuntary transfer of property rights by theft - a topic almost unexplored in the law and economics literature. The question is whether a buyer of a stolen good should obtain title to the good if he/she has purchased it in good faith. As described in the article different jurisdictions treat this issue differently. The traditional theory suggests that there is a tradeoff between the costs of protecting the good and the costs of verifying the ownership. However, as shown, the rule of law concerning this issue significantly affects parties' incentives. Specifically, it is shown that a rule of law where good faith is irrelevant in determining the issue of property rights Pareto dominates a rule where good faith may protect an innocent buyer. Thus, an owner of an asset will spend more resources on protecting his property and potential buyers will incur higher costs in order to verify the ownership when good faith is decisive for the transfer of property rights. JEL Classification: K11, K14 and K42 Keywords: property right law, theft, good faith and game theory URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6802
Files in this item: 1wplefic092005.pdf (324.7Kb)
Wihlborg, Clas (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6824
Files in this item: 1wplefic072003.pdf (363.6Kb)
testing current theory on value drivers of innovations within a structural two-stage discrete choice simultaneous equation modelReitzig, Markus (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Patent indicators are widely used to assess innovative output. Despite the large variety of empirical studies in the field, however, the precise meaning of these indicators and their obvious relation to patent value is still based on assumptions and intuitions. This paper provides the first empirical test of patent indicators as value measures in the structural form. It disentangles the different effects reflected in patent indicators and enhances our understanding why inventions are valuable at all. Using a newly assembled data set on European polymer patents, current assumptions on the innovation incentives set by patentability requirements (novelty, inventive activity) are tested. The estimations are carried out using a custom-tailored two stage discrete choice probit model yet unknown in the literature. The results support the assumptions that novelty and inventive activity enhance a patent's value. They confirm the importance of backward citations, family size, and forward citations as va lue indicators. However, they expand on and partly break with the respective explanations why patent indicators correlate with profitability. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6807
Files in this item: 1wplefic012003.pdf (181.5Kb)
Lando, Henrik (København, 2002)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6818
Files in this item: 1wplefic072002.pdf (529.0Kb)
A comparative analysis of the explanatory power of accounting and patent information for the market values of German firmsRamb, Fred; Reitzig, Markus (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the fitness of national German (German Commercial Code – Handelsgesetzbuch (HGB)) and international (IAS and US-GAAP) accounting information, as well as European patent data to explain the market values of German manufacturing firms. For the chosen volatile period from 1997 to 2002, cautious national accounting information does not correlate with the firms' residual market values (RMV). International accounting information makes no meaningful contribution to explaining firms' RMV and seems to measure overinvestment only. Finally, patents counted at the individual country level correlate with the firms' RMV. Keywords: Accounting standards, investor information, market value, patents JEL-classifications: D82, M40, M41, K11 URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6814
Files in this item: 1wplefic072004.pdf (390.9Kb)
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Amiodarone is used to restore normal heart rhythm.
One of the problems with amiodarone is that it can cause injury to the lungs. One study suggests that vitamin E supplements might help prevent this side effect. 1
The herbs chaparral ( Larrea tridentata or L. mexicana ), comfrey (Symphytum officinale), and coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) contain liver-toxic substances. Because amiodarone can also be hard on the liver, combining these herbs with the medication is not advisable.
Amiodarone has been reported to cause increased sensitivity to the sun, amplifying the risk of sunburn or skin rash. Because St. John's wort and dong quai may also cause this problem, taking these herbal supplements during amiodarone therapy might add to this risk.
It may be a good idea to wear a sunscreen or protective clothing during sun exposure if you take one of these herbs while using amiodarone.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


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Behavioral Health Resources
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One of our counselors will do a full screening assessment and help you find a treatment facility that fits your specific needs. Counselor screening assessment services are free of charge. You don't have to continue suffering with drug and alcohol addiction, help is a phone call away.
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Alcohol Relapse Prevention is critical to remaining sober. Support groups and meetings such as Alcoholics Anonymous can be helpful in Relapse Prevention. Here is a list of AA Meetings in Elma, Washington:
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text:
The purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment. Screening tests are administered to people without current symptoms, but who may be at high risk for certain diseases or conditions.
Screening Guidelines
There are no current guidelines to screen for Lyme disease.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: David L. Horn, MD
- Review Date: 11/2018 -
- Update Date: 11/13/2015 -