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Difference between revisions of "NetworkManager"
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See: [[Proxy settings]]
See: [[Proxy settings]]
=== Disable NetworkManager ===
=== Disable NetworkManager ===
Revision as of 11:47, 8 September 2014
NetworkManager is a program for providing detection and configuration for systems to automatically connect to network. NetworkManager's functionality can be useful for both wireless and wired networks. For wireless networks, NetworkManager prefers known wireless networks and has the ability to switch to the most reliable network. NetworkManager-aware applications can switch from online and offline mode. NetworkManager also prefers wired connections over wireless ones, has support for modem connections and certain types of VPN. NetworkManager was originally developed by Red Hat and now is hosted by the GNOME project.
- 1 Base install
- 2 Graphical front-ends
- 3 Configuration
- 3.1 Enable NetworkManager
- 3.2 Enable NetworkManager Wait Online
- 3.3 Set up PolicyKit permissions
- 3.4 Network services with NetworkManager dispatcher
- 3.5 Proxy settings
- 3.6 Bridging
- 3.7 Disable NetworkManager
- 4 Testing
- 5 Troubleshooting
- 5.1 No prompt for password of secured Wi-Fi networks
- 5.2 No traffic via PPTP tunnel
- 5.3 Network management disabled
- 5.4 Customizing resolv.conf
- 5.5 DHCP problems with dhclient
- 5.6 Hostname problems
- 5.7 Missing default route
- 5.8 3G modem not detected
- 5.9 Switching off WLAN on laptops
- 5.10 Static IP address settings revert to DHCP
- 5.11 Cannot edit connections as normal user
- 5.12 Forget hidden wireless network
- 5.13 VPN not working in GNOME
- 5.14 Unable to connect to visible European wireless networks
- 5.15 Automatically connect to VPN not working on boot
- 5.16 NetworkManager dispatcher does not run using systemd
- 5.17 dhcpcd repetitively refusing leases
- 6 Tips and tricks
- 6.1 Encrypted Wi-Fi passwords
- 6.2 Sharing internet connection over Wi-Fi
- 6.3 Checking if networking is up inside a cron job or script
- 6.4 Automatically unlock keyring after login
- 6.5 KDE and OpenConnect VPN with password authentication
- 6.6 Ignore specific devices
- 6.7 Connect faster
- 6.8 Enable DNS Caching
- 6.9 Enable IPv6 Privacy Extensions
Base install
NetworkManager can be installed with the package networkmanager, available in the official repositories.
systemctl --type=service and then stop them.
VPN support
NetworkManager VPN support is based on a plug-in system. If you need VPN support via NetworkManager, you have to install one of the following packages from the official repositories:
From the AUR:
PPPoE / DSL support
Install rp-pppoe from the official Arch repositories for PPPoE / DSL connection support.
Graphical front-ends
To configure and have easy access to NetworkManager most people will want to install an applet. This GUI front-end usually resides in the system tray (or notification area) and allows network selection and configuration of NetworkManager. Various applets exist for different types of desktops.
GNOME's network-manager-applet is lightweight enough and works across all environments.
If you want to store authentication details (Wireless/DSL) and enable global connection settings, i.e "available to all users" install and configure GNOME Keyring.
For KDE 4.x, there are two available front-end Plasma widgets: Plasma-nm and KNetworkManager. Plasma-nm is the more recently developed of the two, and it is available in the official repositories as package kdeplasma-applets-plasma-nm. The older KNetworkManager is available as package kdeplasma-applets-networkmanagementAUR from the AUR.
If you have both the Plasma widget and
nm-applet installed and do not want to start
nm-applet when using KDE, add the following line to
See Userbase page for more info.
The KDE 4.x widgets will not function on KDE 5.x, and the package plasma-nmAUR is available in the AUR to replace them.
network-manager-applet will work fine in Xfce, but in order to see notifications, including error messages,
nm-applet needs an implementation of the Freedesktop desktop notifications specification (see the Galapago Project) to display them. To enable notifications install xfce4-notifyd, a package that provides an implementation for the specification.
Without such a notification daemon,
nm-applet outputs the following errors to stdout/stderr:
(nm-applet:24209): libnotify-WARNING **: Failed to connect to proxy ** (nm-applet:24209): WARNING **: get_all_cb: couldn't retrieve system settings properties: (25) Launch helper exited with unknown return code 1. ** (nm-applet:24209): WARNING **: fetch_connections_done: error fetching connections: (25) Launch helper exited with unknown return code 1. ** (nm-applet:24209): WARNING **: Failed to register as an agent: (25) Launch helper exited with unknown return code 1
nm-applet will still work fine, though, but without notifications.
If nm-applet is not prompting for a password when connecting to new wifi networks, and is just disconnecting immediately, you probably need to install gnome-keyring.
To function properly in Openbox, the GNOME applet requires the xfce4-notifyd notification daemon for the same reason as in XFCE and the gnome-icon-theme package to be able to display the applet in the systray.
If you want to store authentication details (Wireless/DSL) install and configure gnome-keyring.
nm-applet installs the autostart file at
/etc/xdg/autostart/nm-applet.desktop. If you have issues with it (e.g.
nm-applet is started twice or is not started at all), see Openbox#Autostart directory or [1] for solution.
Other desktops and window managers
In all other scenarios it is recommended to use the GNOME applet. You will also need to be sure that the gnome-icon-theme package is installed to be able to display the applet.
To store connection secrets install and configure gnome-keyring.
In order to run
nm-applet without a systray, you can use trayer or stalonetray. For example, you can add a script like this one in your path:
#!/bin/sh nm-applet > /dev/null 2>/dev/null & stalonetray > /dev/null 2>/dev/null killall nm-applet
When you close the stalonetray window, it closes
nm-applet too, so no extra memory is used once you are done with network settings.
Command line
The networkmanager package contains nmcli since version 0.8.1.
To connect to a wifi network:
nmcli dev wifi connect <name> password <password>
To connect to a wifi on the wlan1 wifi interface:
nmcli dev wifi connect <name> password <password> iface wlan1 [profile name]
To disconnect an interface:
nmcli dev disconnect iface eth0
To reconnect an interface marked as disconnected
nmcli con up uuid <uuid>
To get a list of UUIDs
nmcli con show
To see a list of network devices and their state
nmcli dev
nmtui is a graphic frontend for networkmanager using curses. It is useful for configuring and managing networks without X. The networkmanager package contains
nmtui since version 0.9.10.
Alternatively there is networkmanager-dmenu-gitAUR which is a small script to manage NetworkManager connections with dmenu instead of nm-applet. It provides all essential features such as connect to existing NetworkManager wifi or wired connections, connect to new wifi connections, requests passphrase if required, connect to _existing_ VPN connections, enable/disable networking, launch nm-connection-editor GUI.
NetworkManager will require some additional steps to be able run properly. Make sure you have configured
/etc/hosts as described here.
Enable NetworkManager
NetworkManager is controlled via
NetworkManager.service. Once the NetworkManager daemon is started, it will automatically connect to any available "system connections" that have already been configured. Any "user connections" or unconfigured connections will need
nmcli or an applet to configure and connect.
Enable NetworkManager Wait Online
If you have services which fail if they are started before the network is up, you have to use
NetworkManager-wait-online.service in addition to
NetworkManager.service. This is, however, rarely necessary because most network daemons start up okay, even if the network has not been configured yet.
In some cases, the service will still fail to start successfully on boot due to the timeout setting in
/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-wait-online.service being too short. Change the default timeout from 30 to a higher value.
Set up PolicyKit permissions
See General troubleshooting#Session permissions for setting up a working session.
With a working session, you have several options for granting the necessary privileges to NetworkManager:
Option 1. Run a PolicyKit authentication agent when you log in, such as
/usr/lib/polkit-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1 (part of polkit-gnome). You will be prompted for your password whenever you add or remove a network connection.
Option 2. Add yourself to the
wheel group. You will not have to enter your password, but your user account may be granted other permissions as well, such as the ability to use sudo without entering the root password.
Option 3. Add yourself to the
network group and create the following file:
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) { if (action.id.indexOf("org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.") == 0 && subject.isInGroup("network")) { return polkit.Result.YES; } });
All users in the
network group will be able to add and remove networks without a password. This will not work under systemd if you do not have an active session with systemd-logind.
Network services with NetworkManager dispatcher
There are quite a few network services that you will not want running until NetworkManager brings up an interface. Good examples are NTPd and network filesystem mounts of various types (e.g. netfs). NetworkManager has the ability to start these services when you connect to a network and stop them when you disconnect. To activate the feature you need to start the
Once the feature is active, scripts can be added to the
/etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d directory. These scripts must be owned by root, otherwise the dispatcher will not execute them. For added security, set group ownership to root as well:
# chown root:root <scriptname>
Also, the script must have write permission for owner only, otherwise the dispatcher will not execute them:
# chmod 755 <scriptname>
The scripts will be run in alphabetical order at connection time, and in reverse alphabetical order at disconnect time. They receive two arguments: the name of the interface (e.g. eth0) and the status (up or down for interfaces and vpn-up or vpn-down for vpn connections). To ensure what order they come up in, it is common to use numerical characters prior to the name of the script (e.g.
10_portmap or
30_netfs (which ensures that the portmapper is up before NFS mounts are attempted).
Avoiding the dispatcher timeout
If the above is working, then this section is not relevant. However, there is a general problem related to running dispatcher scripts which take longer to be executed. Initially an internal timeout of three seconds only was used. If the called script did not complete in time, it was killed. Later the timeout was extended to about 20 seconds (see the Bugtracker for more information). If the timeout still creates the problem, a work around may be to modify the dispatcher service file, located in
/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service, to remain active after exit:
.include /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-dispatcher.service [Service] RemainAfterExit=yes
Now start and enable the modified
NetworkManager-dispatcher service.
RemainAfterExit line to it will prevent the dispatcher from closing. Unfortunately, the dispatcher has to close before it can run your scripts again. With it the dispatcher will not time out but it also will not close, which means that the scripts will only run once per boot. Therefore, do not add the line unless the timeout is definitely causing a problem.
Start OpenNTPD
Install the networkmanager-dispatcher-openntpd package.
Mount remote folder with sshfs
As the script is run in a very restrictive environment, you have to export
SSH_AUTH_SOCK in order to connect to your SSH agent. There are different ways to accomplish this, see this link for more information. The example below works with gnome-keyring, and will ask you for the password if not unlocked already. In case NetworkManager connects automatically on login, it is likely gnome-keyring has not yet started and the export will fail (hence the sleep). The
UUID to match can be found with the command
nmcli con status or
nmcli con list.
#!/bin/sh USER='username' REMOTE='user@host:/remote/path' LOCAL='/local/path' interface=$1 status=$2 if [ "$CONNECTION_UUID" = "uuid" ]; then case $status in up) export SSH_AUTH_SOCK=$(find /tmp -maxdepth 1 -type s -user "$USER" -name 'ssh') su "$USER" -c "sshfs $REMOTE $LOCAL" ;; down) fusermount -u "$LOCAL" ;; esac fi
Use dispatcher to connect to a VPN after a network-connection is established
In this example we want to connect automatically to a previously defined VPN connection after connecting to a specific Wi-Fi network. First thing to do is to create the dispatcher script that defines what to do after we are connected to the network.
- 1. Create the dispatcher script:
#!/bin/sh VPN_NAME="name of VPN connection defined in NetworkManager" ESSID="wifi network ESSID (not connection name)" interface=$1 status=$2 case $status in up|vpn-down) if iwgetid | grep -qs ":\"$ESSID\""; then nmcli con up id "$VPN_NAME" fi ;; down) if iwgetid | grep -qs ":\"$ESSID\""; then if nmcli con status id "$VPN_NAME" | grep -qs activated; then nmcli con down id "$VPN_NAME" fi fi ;; esac
If you would like to attempt to automatically connect to VPN for all wifi networks, you can use the following definition of the ESSID:
ESSID=$(iwgetid -r). Remember to set the script's permissions accordingly.
If you require and tick the
nm-applet option to Make the VPN connection available to all users, trying to connect may still fail and NetworkManager will complain about 'no valid VPN secrets', because of the way VPN secrets are stored, which brings us to step 2:
- 2. Either edit the VPN connection configuration file to make NetworkManager store the secrets by itself rather than inside a keyring that will be inaccessible for root: open up
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/name of your VPN connectionand change the
Alternatively put the password directly in the configuration file adding the section
[vpn] .... password-flags=0 [vpn-secrets] password=your_password
Proxy settings
NetworkManager does not directly handle proxy settings, but if you are using GNOME, you could use proxydriver wich handles proxy settings using NetworkManager's informations. You can find the package for proxydriverAUR in the AUR.
In order for proxydriver to be able to change the proxy settings, you would need to execute this command, as part of the GNOME startup process (System -> Preferences -> Startup Applications):
xhost +si:localuser:your_username
See: Proxy settings
Using iproute2 (runtime only)
Example configuration:
master=bridge0 slave=eth0
Create a bridge:
ip link add $master type bridge
Enslave an ethernet device:
ip link set $slave master $master
Release an ethernet device:
ip link set $slave nomaster
Remove a bridge:
ip link delete $master
Using NetworkManager (permanent)
NetworkManager in Fedora 18+ already has some support for bridging. As of 2012-04-02, it is far from perfect but at least there's something to experiment with. Please file bug reports to the upstream bugzilla and link them here.
Using configuration files (keyfile)
[connection] id=Bridge uuid=fc61f6e5-8900-4c6f-915c-eb55714eb874 interface-name=bridge0 type=bridge autoconnect=false [bridge] interface-name=bridge0
[connection] id=Slave uuid=2e1906b1-92a4-4206-b2d3-eecfd07241e9 type=802-3-ethernet master=fc61f6e5-8900-4c6f-915c-eb55714eb874 slave-type=bridge [802-3-ethernet] mac-address=52:54:00:8e:93:da
Bug reports:
Using configuration files (ifcfg)
UUID=fc61f6e5-8900-4c6f-915c-eb55714eb874 TYPE=bridge DEVICE=bridge0
UUID=2e1906b1-92a4-4206-b2d3-eecfd07241e9 TYPE=Ethernet HWADDR=52:54:00:8e:93:da BRIDGE=fc61f6e5-8900-4c6f-915c-eb55714eb874
Note: I haven't tested this particular configuration. Feel free to test and adjust.
Using command-line interface (nmcli)
Warning: This is new development and it be available with NM 0.9.10 or an earlier snapshot.
SLAVE_MAC=00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee nmcli connection add name Bridge type bridge iface testbridge nmcli connection add name Slave type ethernet mac $SLAVE_MAC
Disable NetworkManager
It might not be obvious, but the service automatically starts through dbus, to completely disable it you can mask the service with systemctl :
systemctl mask NetworkManager systemctl mask NetworkManager-dispatcher
NetworkManager applets are designed to load upon login so no further configuration should be necessary for most users. If you have already disabled your previous network settings and disconnected from your network, you can now test if NetworkManager will work. The first step is to start the networkmanager daemon.
Some applets will provide you with a
.desktop file so that the NetworkManager applet can be loaded through the application menu. If it does not, you are going to either have to discover the command to use or logout and login again to start the applet. Once the applet is started, it will likely begin polling network connections with for auto-configuration with a DHCP server.
To start the GNOME applet in non-xdg-compliant window managers like Awesome:
nm-applet --sm-disable &
For static IP addresses, you will have to configure NetworkManager to understand them. The process usually involves right-clicking the applet and selecting something like 'Edit Connections'.
Some fixes to common problems.
No prompt for password of secured Wi-Fi networks
When trying to connect to a secured Wi-Fi network, no prompt for a password is shown and no connection is established. This happens when no keyring package is installed. An easy solution is to install gnome-keyring. If you want the passwords to be stored in encrypted form, follow GNOME Keyring to set up the gnome-keyring-daemon.
No traffic via PPTP tunnel
PPTP connection logins successfully; you see a ppp0 interface with the correct VPN IP address, but you cannot even ping the remote IP address. It is due to lack of MPPE (Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption) support in stock Arch pppd. It is recommended to first try with the stock Arch ppp as it may work as intended.
To solve the problem it should be sufficient to install ppp-mppeAUR from the AUR.
WPA2-Enterprise wireless networks demanding MSCHAPv2 type-2 authentication with PEAP sometimes require ppp-mppe rather than the stock ppp package. netctl seems to work out of the box without ppp-mppe, however. In either case, usage of MSCHAPv2 is discouraged as it is highly vulnerable, although using another method is usually not an option. See this blog post.
Network management disabled
Sometimes when NetworkManager shuts down but the pid (state) file does not get removed and you will get a "Network management disabled" message. If this happens, you will have to remove it manually:
# rm /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state
If this happens upon reboot, you can add an action to your
/etc/rc.local to have it removed upon bootup:
nmpid=/var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state [ -f $nmpid ] && rm $nmpid
Customizing resolv.conf
See the main page: resolv.conf. Also make sure that NetworkManager uses dhcpcd and not dhclient. If you want to use dhclient, you may try the networkmanager-dispatch-resolvAUR package from the AUR.
DHCP problems with dhclient
If you have problems with getting an IP address via DHCP, try to add the following to your
interface "eth0" { send dhcp-client-identifier 01:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff; }
aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff is the MAC address of this NIC. The MAC address can be found using the
ip link show eth0 command from the iproute2 package.
Hostname problems
It depends on the NetworkManager plugins used, whether the hostname is forwarded to a router on connect. The generic "keyfile" plugin does not forward the hostname in default configuration. To make it forward the hostname, add the following to
[keyfile] hostname=your_hostname
The options under
[keyfile] will be applied to network connections in the default
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections path.
Another option is to configure the DHCP client, which NetworkManager starts automatically, to forward it. NetworkManager utilizes dhclient in default and falls back to dhcpcd, if the former is not installed. To make dhclient forward the hostname requires to set a non-default option, dhcpcd forwards the hostname by default.
First, check which DHCP client is used (dhclient in this example):
# journalctl -b | egrep "dhclient|dhcpcd"
... Nov 17 21:03:20 zenbook dhclient[2949]: Nov 17 21:03:20 zenbook dhclient[2949]: Bound to *:546 Nov 17 21:03:20 zenbook dhclient[2949]: Listening on Socket/wlan0 Nov 17 21:03:20 zenbook dhclient[2949]: Sending on Socket/wlan0 Nov 17 21:03:20 zenbook dhclient[2949]: XMT: Info-Request on wlan0, interval 1020ms. Nov 17 21:03:20 zenbook dhclient[2949]: RCV: Reply message on wlan0 from fe80::126f:3fff:fe0c:2dc.
Option 2: Configure dhclient to push the hostname to the DHCP server
Copy the example configuration file:
# cp /usr/share/dhclient/dhclient.conf.example /etc/dhclient.conf
Take a look at the file - there will only really be one line we want to keep and dhclient will use it's defaults (as it has been using if you didn't have this file) for the other options. This is the important line:
send host-name = pick-first-value(gethostname(), "ISC-dhclient");
Force an IP address renewal by your favorite means, and you should now see your hostname on your DHCP server.
Option 3: Configure NetworkManager to use dhcpcd
Install dhcpcd and tell NetworkManager about it:
Then restart
Missing default route
On at least one KDE4 system, no default route was created when establishing wireless connections with NetworkManager. Changing the route settings of the wireless connection to remove the default selection "Use only for resources on this connection" solved the issue.
3G modem not detected
See USB_3G_Modem#Network_Manager.
Switching off WLAN on laptops
Sometimes NetworkManager will not work when you disable your Wi-Fi adapter with a switch on your laptop and try to enable it again afterwards. This is often a problem with
rfkill. Install rfkill from the official repositories and use
$ watch -n1 rfkill list all
to check if the driver notifies
rfkill about the wireless adapter's status.
If one identifier stays blocked after you switch on the adapter you could try to manually unblock it with (where X is the number of the identifier provided by the above output):
# rfkill event unblock X
Static IP address settings revert to DHCP
Due to an unresolved bug, when changing default connections to a static IP address,
nm-applet may not properly store the configuration change, and will revert to automatic DHCP.
To work around this issue you have to edit the default connection (e.g. "Auto eth0") in
nm-applet, change the connection name (e.g. "my eth0"), uncheck the "Available to all users" checkbox, change your static IP address settings as desired, and click Apply. This will save a new connection with the given name.
Next, you will want to make the default connection not connect automatically. To do so, run
nm-connection-editor (not as root). In the connection editor, edit the default connection (e.g. "Auto eth0") and uncheck "Connect automatically". Click Apply and close the connection editor.
Cannot edit connections as normal user
See #Set_up_PolicyKit_permissions.
Since hidden network are not displayed in the selection list of the Wireless view, they cannot be forgotten (removed) with the GUI. You can delete one with the following command:
# rm /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/[SSID]
This works for any other connection.
VPN not working in GNOME
When setting up OpenConnect or vpnc connections in NetworkManager while using Gnome, you'll sometimes never see the dialog box pop up and the following error appears in /var/log/errors.log:
localhost NetworkManager[399]: <error> [1361719690.10506] [nm-vpn-connection.c:1405] get_secrets_cb(): Failed to request VPN secrets #3: (6) No agents were available for this request.
This is caused by the Gnome NM Applet expecting dialog scripts to be at
/usr/lib/gnome-shell, when NetworkManager's packages put them in
As a "temporary" fix (this bug has been around for a while now), make the following symlink(s):
# For OpenConnect ln -s /usr/lib/networkmanager/nm-openconnect-auth-dialog /usr/lib/gnome-shell/
# For VPNC (i.e. Cisco VPN) ln -s /usr/lib/networkmanager/nm-vpnc-auth-dialog /usr/lib/gnome-shell/
This may need to be done for any other NM VPN plugins as well, but these are the two most common.
Unable to connect to visible European wireless networks
WLAN chips are shipped with a default regulatory domain. If your access point does not operate within these limitations, you will not be able to connect to the network. Fixing this is easy:
- Install crda with pacman, see Wireless_network_configuration#Regulatory_domain
- Uncomment the correct Country Code in
- reboot the system, because the setting is only read on boot.
Automatically connect to VPN not working on boot
The problem seems to be with the keyring as mentioned in the dispatcher section. You don't need to use the dispatcher to auto-connect. The solution is to keep the password to your VPN in plaintext.
[vpn] .... password-flags=0 [vpn-secrets] password=your_password
NetworkManager dispatcher does not run using systemd
Check your log with the command
journalctl -b -u NetworkManager, search for the following line:
<warn> Dispatcher failed: (32) Unit dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service failed to load: No such file or directory.
If this line is present, enable the D-Bus unit by running:
# systemctl enable NetworkManager-dispatcher
dhcpcd repetitively refusing leases
An occurrence of dhcpcd repetitively refusing leases has been reported, while spouting a large quantity of the following log messages :
dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: NAK: from 10.1.0.1 dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: soliciting a DHCP lease dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: offered 10.2.0.159 from 10.2.0.1 dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: ignoring offer of 10.1.0.197 from 10.1.0.1 dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: NAK: from 10.1.0.1 dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: soliciting a DHCP lease dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: offered 10.2.0.159 from 10.2.0.1 dhcpcd[25188]: wlan0: ignoring offer of 10.1.0.197 from 10.1.0.1
This problem seems to be solved by switching to dhclient instead of dhcpcd (with NetworkManager, set the
dhcp option to
dhclient in
Tips and tricks
Encrypted Wi-Fi passwords
By default, NetworkManager stores passwords in clear text in the connection files at
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/. To print the stored passwords, use the following command:
# grep -H '^psk=' /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*
It is preferable to save the passwords in encrypted form instead of clear text. This can be achieved by storing passwords in a keyring which NetworkManager then queries for the passwords. A suggested keyring daemon is GNOME Keyring. The keyring daemon has to be started and the keyring needs to be unlocked for the following to work.
Furthermore NetworkManager needs to be configured like so:
Right-click the nm-applet, go to
Edit connections, select a network connection, click
edit, select the
General tab and untick
All users may connect to this network.
If the option is ticked, the passwords will still be stored in clear text, even if a keyring daemon is running.
Sharing internet connection over Wi-Fi
You can share your internet connection (e.g.: 3G or wired) with a few clicks using nm. You will need a supported Wi-Fi card (Cards based on Atheros AR9xx or at least AR5xx are probably best choice)
- Install the dnsmasq package to be able to actually share the connection.
- Custom dnsmasq.conf may interfere with nm (not sure about this, but i think so).
- Click on nm-applet -> Create new wireless network.
- Follow wizard (if using WEP, be sure to use 5 or 13 character long password, different lengths will fail).
- Settings will remain stored for the next time you need it.
Real AP
Support of infrastructure mode (which is needed by Android phones as they intentionally do not support ad-hoc) is supported by NetworkManager as of late 2012.
See: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/RealHotspot
Checking if networking is up inside a cron job or script
Some cron jobs require networking to be up to succeed. You may wish to avoid running these jobs when the network is down. To accomplish this, add an if test for networking that queries NetworkManager's
nm-tool and checks the state of networking. The test shown here succeeds if any interface is up, and fails if they are all down. This is convenient for laptops that might be hardwired, might be on wireless, or might be off the network.
if [ $(nm-tool|grep State|cut -f2 -d' ') == "connected" ]; then #Whatever you want to do if the network is online else #Whatever you want to do if the network is offline - note, this and the else above are optional fi
This useful for a
cron.hourly script that runs
fpupdate for the F-Prot virus scanner signature update, as an example. Another way it might be useful, with a little modification, is to differentiate between networks using various parts of the output from
nm-tool; for example, since the active wireless network is denoted with an asterisk, you could grep for the network name and then grep for a literal asterisk.
Automatically unlock keyring after login
- Right click on the
nm-appleticon in your panel and select Edit Connections and open the Wireless tab
- Select the connection you want to work with and click the Edit button
- Check the boxes "Connect Automatically" and "Available to all users"
Log out and log back in to complete.
- In
/etc/pam.d/gdm(or your corresponding daemon in
/etc/pam.d), add these lines at the end of the "auth" and "session" blocks if they do not exist already:
auth optional pam_gnome_keyring.so session optional pam_gnome_keyring.so auto_start
- In
/etc/pam.d/passwd, use this line for the 'password' block:
password optional pam_gnome_keyring.so
- Next time you log in, you should be asked if you want the password to be unlocked automatically on login.
Put a script like the following in
#!/bin/sh echo PASSWORD | /usr/bin/pam-keyring-tool --unlock --keyring=default -s
Similar should work with Openbox, LXDE, etc.
SLiM login manager
See Slim#SLiM and Gnome Keyring.
KDE and OpenConnect VPN with password authentication
kdeplasma-applets-plasma-nm does not support to configure username and password for OpenConnect VPN connections in its GUI. You have to type both values everytime you connect. kdeplasma-applets-plasma-nm 0.9.3.2-1 and above is however capable of retrieving OpenConnect username and password directly from KWallet.
Open "KDE Wallet Manager" and look up your OpenConnect VPN connection under "Network Management|Maps". Click "Show values" and enter your credentials in key "VpnSecrets" in this form (replace THE_USERNAME and THE_PASSWORD with your actual values):
Next time you connect, username and password should appear in the "VPN secrets" dialog box.
Ignore specific devices
Sometimes it may be desired that NetworkManager ignores specific devices and does not try to configure addresses and routes for them.You can quickly and easily ignore devices by MAC by using the following in
/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf :
[keyfile] unmanaged-devices=mac:00:22:68:1c:59:b1;mac:00:1E:65:30:D1:C4
After you have put this in, restart NetworkManager, and you should be able to configure interfaces without NetworkManager altering what you have set.
Connect faster
Disabling IPv6
Slow connection or reconnection to the network may be due to superfluous IPv6 queries in NetworkManager. If there is no IPv6 support on the local network, connecting to a network may take longer than normal while NetworkManager tries to establish an IPv6 connection that eventually times out. The solution is to disable IPv6 within NetworkManager which will make network connection faster. This has to be done once for every network you connect to.
- Right-click on the network status icon.
- Click on "Edit Connections".
- Go to the "Wired" or "Wireless" tab, as appropriate.
- Select the name of the network.
- Click on "Edit".
- Go to the "IPv6 Settings" tab.
- In the "Method" drop-down menu, choose "Ignore/Disabled".
- Click on "Save".
Use OpenDNS servers
/etc/resolv.conf.opendns with the alternative DNS server addresses.
And have the dispatcher replace the discovered DHCP servers with the OpenDNS ones:
#!/bin/bash # Use OpenDNS servers over DHCP discovered servers cp -f /etc/resolv.conf.opendns /etc/resolv.conf
Make the script executable:
# chmod +x /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/dns-servers-opendns
Enable DNS Caching
DNS requests can be sped up by caching previous requests locally for subsequent lookup. NetworkManager has a plugin to enable DNS caching using dnsmasq, but it is not enabled in the default configuration. It is, however, easy to enable using the following instructions.
Start by installing dnsmasq. Then, edit
/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf and add the following line under the
[main] section:
Now restart NetworkManager or reboot. NetworkManager will automatically start dnsmasq and add 127.0.0.1 to
/etc/resolv.conf. The actual DNS servers can be found in
/var/run/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.conf. You can verify dnsmasq is being used by doing the same DNS lookup twice with dig and verifying the server and query times.
Enable IPv6 Privacy Extensions
NetworkManager does not honour the settings placed in
/etc/sysctl.d/40-ipv6.conf when following Ipv6#Privacy_extensions. This can be verified by running
$ ip -6 addr show [device] after rebooting: no
scope global temporary address appears.
In order to enable IPv6 Privacy Extensions for NetworkManager-managed connections, edit as root the desired connection keyfile in
/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/ and append to its
[ipv6] section the key-value pair
... [ipv6] method=auto ip6-privacy=2


text:
The first line of the chorus from the song "Teenagers" by the band My Chemical Romance is, "Teenagers scare the living sh*t out of me."
For most of my adult life, this could have been my mantra. Quite frankly, I found teenage coolness intimidating and always dreaded or avoided interacting with them. I'm also of an age where I can barely remember the details of my own adolescence.
Today, I actually really want to be around young people. That's been a big change for me. I've learned I can connect with a teenager. I never thought that would be possible until I discovered Nunavut.
I first visited the region in 2006 in search of something good. Ever since Nunavut became a part of Canada just under a decade ago, there were reports only of its socioeconomic failures. Generally, when I only see bad, I know there is something good just around the corner. It didn't take me long to find it.
Upon arrival, I met Lori Idlout. She introduced me to a stunning culture—one of gentleness, kindness and generosity. What I saw did not wholly reflect what the media portrayed.
Detail of map of Canada with Nunavut in blue.
Lori is the executive director of the Embrace Life Council (ELC), an organization dedicated to working with Nunavut youth. Young people in this region have a distinctly elevated suicidal and high school dropout rate. The ELC's mandate is to empower these youth to act and think positively and to celebrate their life, culture, language, and history.
Despite my lack of experience with youth, I felt compelled to help establish the Innusivut Project after learning about all of this. The project focuses on coordinating multimedia and leadership workshops for Inuit youth throughout the region.
It was especially challenging for me to take this initiative because there were many barriers that had to be broken down before I felt I could connect with Nunavut teenagers. I had to earn their trust not only as an adult but also as a stranger in their community.
At the inaugural workshop last year, one girl who had been particularly shy earlier that week was sitting next to me on the komatiq (sled) as we headed out to the camp. She had barely looked me in the eye during the past two days. Personally, I was going through a pretty rough patch and was deep in thought, my head tucked inside the hood of my parka. Suddenly, this girl turned to me, touched me lightly on my arm, asked if I was OK and smiled.
In that precise moment, I felt I had finally connected with a teenager for the first time in my adult life. To this day, I'm sure she has no idea the effect her smile had on me.
There is a process to connecting with people of different generations, and I have learned to respect that process. It takes time and patience. I have realized, and this is probably obvious to most parents, that through all the coolness and indifference typical of adolescence, there is a heart that is as open as a small child's. If this is true, then adolescence is a significant time in a person's life to influence how they feel and think about some of the cruel harshness in the world before they get stuck with a certain mindset.
I believe art is part of an Inuk kid's DNA. The level of artistic ability in the students during the classes was nothing short of astonishing, and when we show them what they're capable of, it has a very positive effect on their well-being and mental health. Getting them involved in documenting their community encourages active participation, but it also turns the focus from death to life. Through this kind of communication process and participation, we hope that the youth will not get sucked into the funk that creates a cycle of failure which, in the worst of cases, leads to substance abuse and all too often, suicide.
At the end of one workshop, students were asked to invite their friends and family to a public showing of their work. I was asked to say a few words. I told everyone I had started the week teaching basic photography and ended the week trying to replicate some of the photographs taken by the students.
I also wanted to say that nowadays, the only thing that scares the living sh*t out of me about teenagers is their immense creative potential and raw intelligence. But I didn't think that would translate well into Inuktitut.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Regular price
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Sale Ends Once The Timer Hits Zero!
people are currently looking at this product
Estimated delivery time 1-3 days
Each order is printed on demand please expect 1 to 3 days for print and process your Order. If you need your art faster than that please select Rush My Order so it be printed in less than 24 Hours.
Shipping times does not include the processing times.
All the arts are Designed, Printed in the USA.
All our orders are Shipped from USA.
Art sizes are measured in CM
Image definition may differ in small size arts, we recommend 35CM+ in arts with small details.
Material: Square Beads Resin Rhinestones + Polyester Canvas Project type: 5D Diamond PaintingColor: As shown in the picture Space: Living Room / Bedroom / Classroom / Entrance
DIY diamond painting steps:1, Open the box, check the kits whether complete;2, According to the color code, choose a color into the plate;If you paste the same color at the same time, you can increase the speed;3, Find the symbols in picture, beginning paste until finish it;4. When you finish it,put some books on top, let it more firmly;5. Congratulations, you can go framed up and decorate your home now!Preventive measures of DIY diamond painting:1. Refer to the previous operation steps;2. If you don't know what the color, please refer to the color table.Note:We sell the resin diamonds, semi-finished products, not including frames! Diamond painting, only needs DIY sticking diamond.This is DIY diamond painting. It's not finished. You need to do it yourself.Notes:1. Due to the different monitor and light effect, the actual color of the item might be slightly different from the color showed on the pictures. Thank you!2. Please allow 1-3cm measuring deviation due to manual measurement.Package Content:1 X Diamond Painting (diamonds need to be pasted)1 X Diamond Painting Tools (not including painting frame)
5d Cat Diamond Painting Kit Premium-84


text:
Click here to read more about Mary Poppins The Broadway Musical.
- About Us
- More About Our Communities
- District Departments
- Programs and Services
- Information for MG Families
- Equity in Monona Grove School District
- Educational Options
- All MG District Events
- 百姓彩票代理School Flyers and Peachjar
- District Student Calendars
- MG Athletics
- ACT College and Career Standards
- Emergency School Closings
- Forms for Families
- Infinite Campus Help
- Student Fees
- Student Financial Assistance
- School Family Communication
- School Nutrition
Why Choose MG21?
MG21 Liberal Arts Charter School for the 21st Century is an alternative project-based school for grades 6-12 that serves the Monona Grove School District. Students outside the district are welcome to apply for open enrollment starting in February.Our programming focuses on relationships, wellness and academic skills for the whole person. Students who thrive here are curious, self-directed learners who enjoy inquiry-based learning in a smaller educational community.Come to one of our Informational Open Houses:Tue, Feb 11 • 6:30 - 7:30 pmMon, Mar 23 • 6:30 - 7:30 pmTue, Apr 7 • 4:30 - 7:30 pm 10th Anniversary Open House! For more information visit www.mg21.org
Emergency Weather Decisions
It appears winter weather has arrived early and has settled in, just in time for our annual update to you on how we decide whether to close or delay schools during severe winter weather. Our primary concern when making the decision to close schools due to severe weather is the safety of our students and families as well as that of our staff. The decision to close schools is made using the best available weather information and in consultation with surrounding school districts. We make every effort to decide whether to close as soon as reasonable. We understand you may have arrangements that need to be made, and that the earlier you know the sooner you can plan. What to expectWeather conditions may cause one of the following:Two-Hour Delay: School will begin two hours after normal start time to allow streets and highways to be cleared. In this case, morning 4K programs do not meet.Early Release: Students are released from school early due to poor conditions, impacting safe transportation from school to home. Afternoon and evening activities are canceled unless the advisor or coach receives approval from either the principal or superintendent. If this is the case, the advisor/coach will contact students and families separately.Schools Closed: School is canceled due to unsafe weather conditions for all or most of the school day. Afternoon and evening activities are canceled unless the advisor or coach receives approval from either the principal or superintendent. If this is the case, the advisor/coach will contact students and families separately.Factors we consider to determine a school closing:Snow: Large amounts of accumulation, blowing and drifting, unsafe road conditions throughout the district. Cold: If a Wind Chill Warning is issued by the National Weather Service, schools will most likely be closed. If a Wind Chill Watch is issued, schools will be open.In the case of either snow or cold, if school is open, any families who feel the weather conditions pose an undue risk for their child are encouraged to use their own judgment in making a decision whether or not to send your child to school. Students kept home due to this parental decision will be considered excused. How we will contact youThe announcement of a delay, early release, or closing will be made via:Local radio and television stations at any time of dayEmail at any time of dayPhone and/or SMS (text) between 6 am and 9 pmDistrict webpage at any time of dayDistrict Facebook page at any time of day.Email, text, and phone messages will be sent to all students' homes/families based on personal parent communication selections within the parent portal of School Messenger. Parent portal selections are automatically transferred from Infinite Campus, but we strongly encourage you to 网盟彩票代理sign up for the School Messenger parent portal and confirm your preferences. The effectiveness of this notification system is dependent on having the most current contact information from parents/guardians. Please ensure your contact information is up-to-date in order to receive these important alerts. Testing our new systemPlease click here for detailed information on how to select your preferences in School Messenger. We will be testing this system (phone, SMS/text, and email) on Wednesday, November 20 at approximately 12 pm. Please ensure your contact preferences are updated before that day. If you don't receive a test message next Wednesday, November 20, please send an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Other helpful informationDelays and school closings affect nearly every aspect of our school operations. Make-up days: As you may know, school districts are required to deliver a certain number of instructional/classroom hours to our students. When we create the calendar each year, we add in time with the understanding that we will lose some time due to weather cancellations. As was the case in 2018-19, we closely monitor our classroom hours calculation. Families will be informed as soon as possible if any time needs to be made up at the end of the year.MGHS Parking: During a snow emergency, street parking is prohibited on all streets within the City of Monona. However, the City will allow alternate-side parking on the streets near Monona Grove High School (during school hours) in order for students to park legally. Lunch menu changes: Lunch menu changes will be determined on a case-by-case basis when school is closed. A number of factors go into this decision, including preparation, produce and other deliveries, etc. Most of the time, the school lunch menu skips a day when school is closed, though there are exceptions. If your student has allergies or other dietary requirements affected by school menu changes, please contact your school office to confirm what will be provided.
- Feb 11
- Feb 11 - Tuesday
- 06:00 PM Teaching Learning and Equity Committee @ DO
- Feb 12
- Feb 12 - Wednesday
- 03:30 PM Personnel Committee @ DO
- 06:00 PM School Board Closed Session @ DO
- 07:00 PM School Board Meeting @ DO
- Feb 24
- Feb 24 - Monday
- 06:00 PM Ad Hoc Sustainability Committee Meeting @ DO
- Mar 10
- Mar 10 - Tuesday
- 06:00 PM Teaching Learning and Equity Committee @ DO
- Mar 11
- Mar 11 - Wednesday
- 07:00 PM School Board Meeting @ DO
- Mar 24
- Mar 24 - Tuesday
- 04:00 PM Ad Hoc School Naming Committee
- Apr 8
- Apr 8 - Wednesday
- 07:00 PM School Board Meeting @ DO
- Apr 14
- Apr 14 - Tuesday
- 06:00 PM Teaching Learning and Equity Committee @ DO
- Apr 28
- Apr 28 - Tuesday
- 04:00 PM Ad Hoc School Naming Committee
- May 26
- May 26 - Tuesday
- 04:00 PM Ad Hoc School Naming Committee
- Jun 23
- Jun 23 - Tuesday
- 04:00 PM 3分快3Ad Hoc School Naming Committee


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The mineral silver has a long history of use in Ayurveda , the traditional medicine of India. Silver is toxic to many microbes, and on this basis a suspension of finely ground silver granules called colloidal silver was once popular among U.S. physicians as an antiseptic. Currently, silver is used medically in the form of silver sulfadiazine, a cream used to prevent infection in burn victims. In addition, silver is used in some water purifiers to stop the growth of bacteria.
Oral colloidal silver is widely promoted on the Internet and elsewhere as a treatment for hundreds of conditions. Unfortunately, there is no evidence that this form of silver provides any medical benefits, and it can lead to an unsightly and permanent discoloration of the skin called argyria.
Therapeutic Dosages
A typical recommended dose of colloidal silver is 1–4 teaspoons a day, providing 25–100 mcg of silver.
NOTE: We strongly recommend against the use of oral silver products.
Therapeutic Uses
Colloidal silver kills microbes on contact, and for this reason, it can be properly described as an antiseptic. Despite widespread claims, however, it is not an antibiotic. The term antibiotic, as most commonly used, indicates a substance that is absorbed after administration and kills germs throughout the body. Colloidal silver does not have this property. When taken by mouth, it may destroy bacteria, fungi, and other organisms in the mouth and digestive tract, but it is not absorbed in sufficient concentrations to kill germs anywhere else. Colloidal silver is, thus, more analogous to bleach than to penicillin. Although both bleach and silver kill the germs that cause sinus infections, you can't treat a sinus infection by drinking either bleach or silver.
Confusion about the difference between an antibiotic and an antiseptic has led to an enormous number of false claims regarding silver's benefits. In fact, there is no reliable evidence that use of colloidal silver benefits any health condition.
Safety Issues
While oral use of silver is not believed to be toxic, it can cause a serious cosmetic problem known as argyria: gray-black silver deposits that stain the skin and mucous membranes. The effect is unattractive and, to make matters worse, permanent: once it occurs, the discoloration never goes away. A growing number of cases or argyria have been reported in the United States due to the widespread marketing of colloidal silver products. 1-4
Safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or people with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


text:
|Baby Brilliant: Bonding with Babies & Books-Canfield
Event Type: Story Time
Age Group(s): Babies
Date: 2/20/2020
Start Time: 10:00 AM
End Time: 10:30 AM
For caregivers and their little ones who are 6 to 23 months. Twenty minutes of language enrichment including rhymes, songs, and stories, followed by time to play and socialize. Children must be accompanied by an adult.Library: Canfield Library
Location: CN Meeting Room (Small/Children's Activity)
Presenter: Staff-Juvenile Librarian


text:
|30 Kč – 1 420 Kč
|Buy tickets
|30 Kč – 1 420 Kč
|Buy tickets
Giacomo Puccini had been intrigued by Victorien Sardou's drama La Tosca ever since 1889, when in Milan he saw a performance featuring the celebrated actress Sarah Bernhardt. Yet the complicated negotiations between his publisher Giulio Ricordi and Sardou, as well as his working on the operas Manon Lescaut and La bohème, delayed his composing Tosca, which he would only complete in 1899. The world premiere took place at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome on 14 January 1900 and was a huge success, even though Gustav Mahler said it was a "masterful patchwork", and Richard Strauss castigated it in even harsher terms.
Nevertheless, today the opera about the famous singer Tosca, her lover (the painter Cavaradossi) and the malicious chief of police Scarpia, set in 1800 in Italy at the time of Napoleon's war against Austria, is one of the most popular operas worldwide. Our current production makes use of Josef Svoboda's legendary sets dating from the period of the Fifth of May Grand Opera (today the Estates Theatre). A faithful copy of the 1947 sets, created by means of modern technology, has contributed to the production's great popularity at the present time.
The opera is staged in Italian original version and Czech and English surtitles are used in the performance.
Duration of the performance: 2 hours and 40 minutes, 2 intermissions
Venue info
State Opera
Dress code
Theatre is a cultural institutuion. Respect the common principles of appropriate behaviour and clothing.
Wilsonova 4
Praha 1
National theatre
Dress code
Theatre is a cultural institutution. Respect the common principles of appropriate behaviour and clothing.
Národní 2
Praha 1


text:
Got a news story? Hot tip?
Something that the public needs to know?
|Story Views
|Last Hour:
|Last 24 Hours:
Humanity on the Precipice; Reverse the Depopulation Agenda/Or face Extermination level Genocide. The "Elite" plan to carry out another 9/11 style mass casualty false flag terror attack, depopulate the planet with bio and chemical weapons, and imminently wage hellish global Thermonuclear War. These threats will remain indefinitely until the eugenicists, warmongers, and aggressors on the diplomatic and covert front are routed out of positions of power across the globe completely and permanently.


text:
Puzzle Levels
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Download a FREE Solution for your puzzles!
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Write your own review! Request the FREE solution for this item!
Don't Break the Bottle - The Vise
Product Information
|Solve the puzzle to get at the bottle
|Level 7 - Challenging
|Family Games
|Other Wood Puzzles
|5 1/2 in x 3 2/3 in x 3 1/3 in / 14 cm x 9.2 cm x 8.6 cm
|Cardboard Box
Product Description
This does not come with a bottle
At your next dinner party graciously offer your guests a sampling of a favorite liquor. Present the bottle, clamped closed with this ingeniously wicked wooden vise attachment.
Watch as they pull, push and probe at the puzzle components in their struggle to release the libation from lock up.
3 wooden puzzle pieces, instructions
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text:
What Is Varicella?
Varicella , commonly called chickenpox, is a highly contagious infection. It is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). It produces an itchy rash. It can cause serious complications, especially in adults, newborns, or people with weak immune systems.
VZV spreads from person to person by:
- Airborne droplets of moisture that contain the virus
- Direct contact with fluid from a varicella rash
It is most contagious just after the rash has broken out. It is also contagious 1-2 days before the rash erupts and until all of the blisters have crusted.
Symptoms include:
- Headache
- Fever
- General feeling of illness
- A rash of small, flat, red spots that become raised to form round, itchy, fluid-filled blisters
It takes about 10-21 days to develop varicella after contact with an infected person. The illness lasts 5-10 days. The rash usually develops on the face and trunk.
Treatment generally focuses on reducing itchiness, such as using anti-itch cream. Antibiotics may be used for rashes that become infected. Antiviral drugs might be considered for some people.
Varicella can lead to scarring, pneumonia, and death in severe cases.
What Is the Varicella Vaccine?
Varicella vaccine is a live virus vaccine that is given by injection. The varicella vaccine can also be given in a combination vaccine called the MMRV. This protects against measles , mumps , rubella , and varicella .
Who Should Get Vaccinated and When?
The vaccine is recommended for most children aged 12-15 months. The second dose is given between ages 4-6 years.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the following schedule for those who have not been vaccinated:
- Up to age 13 years—2 doses, with 3 months between the first and second dose
- 13 years and above—2 doses, with a minimum of 4 weeks between the first and second dose
If you are an adult who has not been fully vaccinated and have never had chickenpox, it is recommended that you get vaccinated. Talk to your doctor. If you have certain conditions, you will not be able to get the vaccine.
If you or your child has not been vaccinated but has been exposed to chickenpox, getting vaccinated within 3 days can help reduce the virus or offer protection from the infection.
What Are the Risks Associated With the Varicella Vaccine?
The varicella vaccine, like all vaccines, can cause problems, such as severe allergic reaction. The risk of serious harm or death is extremely small. Most people do not have any problems with the vaccine.
The most common complaints are:
- Soreness or swelling around the injection site
- Fever
- Mild rash
Shingles can happen after the vaccine, but it is much less common that shingles after the infection itself. Less commonly, seizure caused by fever, pneumonia, or other serious problems (such as low blood count) have been reported. There is some evidence that children are more likely to have seizures if they are given the MMRV vaccine as the first dose. The CDC recommends that parents be advised of the risk of fever and seizure. Parents should be given the option to choose the combined or separate vaccine.
Who Should Not Get Vaccinated?
You should not get the vaccine if you:
- Are ill—Wait until you feel better to get the shot.
- Had varicella.
- Had a life-threatening allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin, or a previous dose of the varicella vaccine.
- Are pregnant—Get the vaccine after you have given birth. Women who are trying to get pregnant should wait until 1 month after getting the shot to get pregnant.
Talk to your doctor before getting the vaccine if you have the following conditions:
- HIV/AIDS or another disease that affects the immune system
- Are being treated with medications that affect the immune system (such as long-term steroids)
- Cancer
- Had a recent blood transfusion
What Other Ways Can Varicella Be Prevented Besides Vaccination?
Avoiding contact with people who have the virus can reduce the chance of getting it.
What Happens in the Event of an Outbreak?
In the event of an outbreak, people who have not had the virus or the vaccine should be vaccinated.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board David L. Horn, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 11/2018 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -


text:
Your Views
Nationalise everything.
I quite agree, a not-for-profit set-up for the railway – a proven success with the East Coast railway. Privatisation was a very hurried piece of legislation.
The Tories and Labour are parties of privatisation but with a Socialist now leading Labour we need a system of people before profit
The current system just gives profits to private companies instead of the state.
Essential services should not be run for the profit of the few. All profits should be used to keep fares as low as possible and to maintain the network.
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2 months ago
Good news for our friends at Northern Resist! Another embarrassing failure for the privatised rail system 🔨🚂 Time to end the farce of franchising and Bring Back British Rail. Join the original passenger-led campaign 👉 bringbackbritishrail.org ...
Northern rail to be renationalised – and some Beeching closures could reopenTransport secretary due to announce this week decision to terminate Northern's franchise
Oh dear... they never learnt from 2000 when Arriva Northern was crippled by strikes etc., they took the service from them... yet like a bad tandoori was able to rename and return to business as Northern from Arriva 🤣 I guess they could put the money saved into HS2 now 🙄 Arriva successfully run the Overground service in London, but that's under the watchful eye of Transport for London. They need to get shot of those awful Pacers up North though.
In around 1990, BR substituted in the same area for non-available Sprinters and Pacers with Class 31-hauled trains rather than privatisation's cancellation of so many services.
A massive amount of blame lies falls on the government for not building the 2 extra platforms at Piccadilly and the extra 2 lines to Oxford Road. It should have been at the same time as the Ordsall Chord. The result is congestion and huge delays. It is the government at fault.
The man with two names who doesn't know the difference between a franchise and a management contract- on a par with failing grayling- there are more than enough failing franchises to take back in house but at least with northern it's a token gesture for the northerners who voted selfservatives - don't worry though the selfservatives will cut enough of your councils budget to make up for it😡
This new firm, Operator of Last Resort, looks to win a lot of work soon with SouthEastern, South Western Railway, Midlands, Northern, Wales and Abellio Scotrail. Surely that's against Competition rules? 🧐🤣
Renationalise it. Make a hash of it. Prove to the new Tories up north that privatisation is the way to go. Brilliant.
Sadly the standard of BR is in the past. The privatisation has changed the railway from a public transport system vastly under funded. To fragmented system That is only interested in profit and fiddle timetable so trains also hit targets for bonuses. If BR had been given the money that private companies have then we like Germany France and Spain have. Privitisation has been very profitable for Richard Branson The German government French government and other's. At the expense of us all.
And northerns shareholders should be made to reimburse passengers for the delays and cancellations and overcrowdings and i mean a good chunk not the patheic delay repay scheme that pays out the absolute minimum if youre lucky to get anything......bloody ridiculous that because they put in a £1 they can provide a god awful service then take out £2 at the other end.....the railways should not be at the mercy of shareholders.....
Nothing more than political dogma led to the Franchise system being forced on our rail network, and has been an economic and social failure since day one, although why it has taken over 25 years to realise this is beyond me. In the last days of BR, Intercity and Network Southeast were showing profit, and doubtless other sectors would have followed suit. The Network now costs the fare and taxpayer far more than it ever did under BR, and only benefits profit driven companies and shareholders. As for re-opening lines axed by Beeching / Marples, where there has been a proven need for re-instatement, feasability "studies" have always grossly over-stated the cost, ensuring that progress would not be forthcoming, and that road congestion will continue to worsen. Far better to scrap the not needed and unwanted HS2, and spend the money on re-nationalisation of our Network, and re-instatement of services that should never have been scrapped.
Same infrastructure, same timetable, same rolling stock, same staff..... Millions in rebranding. You can't change what cannot be changed. Manchester victoria is now a bottle neck thanks to tpe running all East to West services through there. Not building extra platforms at piccadilly is another bottle neck. If taking Northern take tpe too...
The railway IS Nationalised in all but name.
Why is Northern so crap?? Delay, cancelled, Late, overcrowded - unable even to run a train set!!!! It was bad when Arriva had it before - it's even worse now!!!!!!!
Some Beeching closures? That'll be fun, getting the old Honington line cleared along South park Avenue. I watched a steam loco pass by there years ago.
Many years ago a report was made that a free rail system would save the nation money! Something to do with reduced wear and tear on the roads reduced costs for ticket staff etc can't remember when but I am sure some comp nerd could find it check it out I think auther was penny bailly can't be sure though Good luck
We were on one of the pacers this morning to Meadowhall even the guard had his coat woolly hat on cos there was no heating on
A step in the right direction. The present rolling stock is a disgrace, especially those so-called "pacer" carriages. Like something from the 1960s !
Can't wait for constant delays going to London. 7hr to get to London from Wigan. Ooh I can't wait! Good old British Rail.
Also - Beeching cuts and privatised railways have one thing in common - Conservative transport policy which is geared to road transport.
They ought to send some to London and give them a taste of what we have to put up with
And no doubt in a year, once it's making money it will again be flogged off to the highest bidder.
Actually #LiarJohnson said he would reverse a substantial number of Beeching cuts, so even considering not doing so confirms his status.
It isn't being renationalised. The franchise terms were breached, and the contract will be re offered soon enough. Don't be fooled.
Great news. Now scrap HS2 as well.
"He said there was £500m set aside for reopening lines. " that wont go vey far especially when a small single platform halt can cost upwards of £3m a time
100 million pounds to privatise! Should have spent it on infrastructure instead,we would have the best railways in Europe!
Bring Back British Rail shared a post.
2 months ago
Privatisation is failing left, right and centre. Even the Tories are considering re-nationalisation! Please sign We Own It's petition to bring railways back into public ownership now! ✊🚄 ...
Bring our railway into public ownership now!The best chance to take back our railway
Privatisation has been a mitigated disaster. It was supposed to be about competitive pricing and choice. It was pretty much a race to the bottom. The only competition was who can charge the highest prices and provide the worst service.
All in it together is what is needed it's not about of its private or state run. NR and the TOCs need to pull In the same direction and not necessarily be for profit.....
'Great' Western Railway are a joke, every train I've been on this week has been late, two trains cancelled due to broken down trains leading to overcrowding on the next and people still unable to board.Pathetic.
The Tories committed the Great Train Robbery. They should be locked up for it. The only way they'll re- nationalise is if they can get away with paying out vast sums in compensation to all their pals who would loose out.
Good luck with that. With the most right-government in power and with a huge majority expect the direction of travel towards even smaller public service investment.
Rubbish privatised rail has been a huge success! Companies like Virgin have made billions!
I'm all for nationalisation of utilities! Especially the railways as we need them to be efficient and reliable, in order to reduce the number of cars on our roads!! 😀
They don't need to do it all at once. Just take them back one by one as the franchise contracts finish. And merge them gradually under one banner.
Think BR did a great job.with very unreliable Loc'os.
1st class single, 1st class return. Standard single, Standard return the only ticket options needed keep it simple and affordable, not too much to ask for.
If they re-privatise it, they will have to foot the costs in subsidising the unworkable franchises.
resurrection of British Rail-destroyed by Beeching?
Could you please give me the sources for "even the Tories are considering re-nationalisation"? I find it far fetched.
Renationalising our railways would a beginning of getting our country back
The only way to get it all running together again!
Most of our Privatised Railways are run by Nationised Railways Companies of other Countries. Germany and Holland mostly. What an absolute farce. Pathetic.
It can and will work.
had to do a double take when i saw the text at the top!!!!!
Is network rail not public ownership
The only way the Tories will re-nationalise the railways is if there is something it it for them. No other reason.
It will never happen.
Railways don't make money 🥴🥴🥴🥴!!!
Southwestern is a hell, never stop delaying everyday!
Take back control!!
No More Rail Reviews: It's time to declare a National Crisis in Public Transport! Read the Association of British Commuters' brilliant blog laying out passengers' demands for 2020:
🚌 Declare a National Crisis in Public Transport
🚂 Abandon the Williams Rail Review
📝 Hold a Referendum on Public Ownership of Rail and Bus Services ...
No More Rail Reviews: It's time to declare a National Crisis in Public Transport - Association of British CommutersAt a time when rail francising is quite clearly collapsing, today's 2.7% fare rise is an outrage, and another clear sign that the government and industry will continue to treat us as no more than a captive market, continuing to pay more while we are constantly receiving less. Today, we'll be joi...
I think BR could learn from the TfL model, make all operators wear British Rail blue / grey (Jaffa livery for Greater Anglia's Essex Express :D )... all the bus firms in London manage with a sensible fare system and one livery. Corbyn's plan of buy the lot and make a State Railway was as mad as his Broadband offer 🙄🤣
Wouldn't want British rail back was a rail and underground commuter from the age of 16 was bloody aweful probably the same in all of our big cities Use the rail services now for long journeys to visit family (using off peak) trains are clean staff helpful and friendly and mostly trains run on time And the sandwiches are edible All this is about commuters and until offices and shops stagger work ours in big cities ths is never going to change it was the same in my commuting days and has never changed we were packed like sardines standing most of the way trains were late or cancelled and if you work 9 to 5 it will forever be the same
No one wants to go back to a rail system as we had in the 80s any more than I want to ride in a 1980s car. But looking at the rest of Europe it's clear that the state CAN run a better cheaper service than we have. If a UK government claims this isn't possible in the UK then I want a more competent government.
I'm not supporting anything that asks for a referendum. Not just because of the current mess but also because if the government do some kind of associated dodginess and we lose we'll be in a worse position than now.
Too late. The morons have voted and we have a tory government again
The Tories don't understand the concept of service - they only understand profit - money, money and more money for shareholders, top management and Tory politicians.
They ant to get every e. Public transport ! Then make it cheap and on time !
Used BR lots in the 80s and 90s, pretty good services and despite what daily mail car drivers and Les Dawson will have think, catering was quite ok and,restuarant meals really good. sod todays prices , pure rentier economics, lining the pockets of the international rich set.
I just understand how the government want us to give up our cars yet public transport is a joke never on time and prices right out of control in some cases it's cheaper to use the car.
I remember about 25 years ago that it used to be cheaper for 2 people to travel a long trip by car rather than get 2 returns by train. It's now cheaper for 1 person to take their car rather than take the train. I thought the idea of public transport was to get people off the roads.
The people who voted Tory obviously don't mind paying higher prices for a poorer service while bankrolling the franchises. Good on them
This fudgekin lot only listens to it's own share holders and the boards and the profit patrol not interested in the people only profit 🤬🤬🤬
98% of fare revenue goes back into the railway, staff cost, DfT, Network Rail charges ...
Way to do this would have been to vote in a party that would have done something. Not the same party that's been in power for 9 years.
It takes a degree in economics to get the best ticket.
To late profit before services Tory's don't care
Unfortunately we'll have to forget about this for at least another four years.
but lets keep voting tory because we all know 10 years was not long enough to sort out the transport system
What you going to do about those working class Tories who voted to pay more.
Sadly there is too much money changing hands for change!
Why shud taxpayers pay to re-natitiolise it? First that, then the floodgates will open.
Profit over people. The Tory mantra!
So easy just to blame the Tories and sit back. Job done.
If you didn't vote Labour shut up and suck it up!
I'd like to see a study done on how much per mile the 27 members of EU pay for rail travel. And compare it to ours. Gino just took a train to Florence and only paid about 7 euros on his tv show.
Bring Back British Rail is at King's Cross St Pancras.
3 months ago
Passengers Rise Up! Day of Action at stations across the UK today, demanding an end to the farce of rail franchising and fair fares now! With Bring Back British Rail, the Association of British Commuters, Northern Resist and NOR4NOR ✊🚂 ...
I was told that as well , but I'm still in the railway 45 years this year, I don't like privatised railways but even if Labour got in it would have taken years to renationalise the railways as too many TOCS with different conditions and wages so it would have been a nightmare to sort it out, and it would never go back to what it was in BR days the damage has been done for too long
Note that South Western Railways could be nationalised as it been losing £137m
The country had its chance to sort all this out at the election, you cant vote for capitalism and expect socialism!!!!!! These protests will fall on deaf ears as they have done since privatisation began, try telling a director or shareholder the won't get his 6 million pound bonus this year because passengers dont like it!!
where is the so called investment in services? I live in tunbridge wells, service is satisfactory. no major problems in the 25 years of commuting to london, except the cost!! BUT, it has been the same rolling stock in use since late 90's, slam door carriages were still in use in 2001. the timetable is the same as BR in 1994, 3-6 minutes quicker into london, only by cutting out station stops after sevenoaks. they paint the stations,change uniforms with new franchises. ALL cosmetic, mediocre changes at great cost to users.
Part of our railways are State owned, the other privatised & owned by a multitude of companies from other countries. Have no problem with this. My bugbear is the difference in service/philosophy between the railways being a public service for good (to help mitigate climate change & that of making a profit for shareholders of private companies who don't care about their social impact.
Yep agree. Turkeys voted for xmas. Really is no point. Admirable tho the demos are.
Too late for renationalisation now. After it was initially privatised and the BR 'red tape' removed it should have THEN been re-nationalised. It's now gone too far down the path for renationalisation to be effective now. Too many fingers in too many pies for it to work. Someone mentioned electric vehicles. Incredibly unlikely to happen. Not enough infrastructure for it, technology not ready to give adequate range for all except urban areas. The reasons go on.
Yeha your train services being somewhat shambolic isn't a national crisis Ours are worse in Aus and well we are in a national crisis
All the folk going on about voting for Corbyn and his fairytale campaign.. Get a grip, the government whether Tory or Labour love the roads as the revenue generated by fuel duty is huge! The cost of running a car and buying a train ticket for the same journey are canny similar!
It's a bit late now. BBBR should have publicly supported the labour party.
To many foreign companies running the networks hence we pay the highest fare prices in Europr
Looking at most of the people in the photos, not many of them will remember BR...also, the country voted in December and chose to keep the conservatives, so now you know..why don't you stop wasting your time with this futile campaign and put your efforts in to something more useful, such as encouraging the motoring masses to move over to EV'S?
The sheep dont understand they voted for lamb leg steaks... fools
Well if people voted in labour would be a different story !
The chance of real change was missed on 12th December.
Do realize ticket revenue goes to the government, right?
You could have changed things, but no now you must all pay up.
not a lot of support
Well done!
You had your chance in General election to change a failed system so get on with it
If the rail network did somehow get back into BR, would it really improve anything?
You voted for it
It's a cash cow, what kind of bonuses are the fat cats on?
I assume that most folks subjected to perpetual train misery voted Tory?
Public choice was that they liked the Tory policy of private ownership of rail. They enjoy the price increases and companies taking public money to give to their shareholders. Overcrowded filthy trains are wonderful. They had a chance to decide to Re-Nationalise rail services and decisively voted against it. The great British public have decided.
This Thursday 2nd January 2020! ✊ Please join passengers from Bring Back British Rail, the Association of British Commuters, Northern Resist, NOR4NOR and more who will protesting at stations across the country for our Passengers Rise Up! Day of Action demanding an end to the farce of rail franchising and fair fares now! 🚂 Event Schedule 👉
07:00-09:00 King's Lynn Station
08:00-09:30 London King's Cross Station
09:30-10:30 Chelmsford Station
10:00-12:00 Norwich Station
11:30-12:30 London Liverpool Street Station
16:00-17:30 Burton-on-Trent Station
16:30-19:30 Bolton Station ...
Reopen obvious gaps like Matlock- Buxton, Uckfield- Lewes, and the whole Waverley route. Reconnect large towns like Wisbeach.
People have selective memories. Yes, BR was successful in many ways, especially InterCity, but local services were often sparse and many have been improved, for example Reading - Basingstoke which I used to commute for decades. In the 80's there was only one stopper an hour and only about 6 cross country expresses a day. Now it's a stopper every 30 mins AND a cross country Express once or twice an hour. But I agree the profits should not go to other places. And InterCity was running subsidy free at privatisation in 1992.
For pure pedantry (!), do note that 'Passengers rise up!' (as above) is a statement: they do rise up. What you intended, I think, is an instruction or invitation: 'Passengers, rise up!'
It's gone to far now. The Real Railwayman have gone only few left. Railway used to run on tea and rumours. Now it's greed. And most is foreign run with more tBritish taxpayers money than B.R ever received. Which under investment was the main handicap.
Protesting at stations that ha e new fleets and massive investment ate very visable . What's the significance of Burton. Seems to make little sense that one
Abellio are doing such a wonderful job in Scotland that they are losing the contract in 2022 at the mid point. Seems they asked for extra cash....
The train service from Scarborough to anywhere is shocking which is why no-one in their right mind from Scarborough uses the trains hence the constantly clogged up roads
We want our country back with profits going to improve our railways and reduce fares
Network Rail is state owned and the TOCs are more heavily regulated by yhe DfT than BR ever was.
Who voted for Boris then, think a few of you up north gave him a helping hand, you're reaping what you have sewn!
Passengers will grumble. Then they'll go back to voting Tory
Too late, shoulda voted Labour people. You'll get 5 years glib promises and patronising, and plenty of standing time to repent. If lucky.
I wish Labour had Won.. BR would be back and fares would be 1/3 off.
You all voted for this remember
What's your solution. A protest vote wins nothing as proved
Never going to happen no matter what colour team is in charge, to many Fat Cats creaming profit.
Burton on Trent should say Burton upon Trent..the station has the wrong name for the town!
Bring back British Rail.
Should have voted labour then br would be back
Anything in sheffield?
Just stop 🛑 paying as counts can't deal with 1000000 cash on top don't pay travel for free or as I'd put it money your should have had back !!!!!!!
Why are they all south?????
nothing in manchester?
Bring Back British Rail why were you so quiet during the election?
Month to late, should have voted Labour
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text: Wednesday, October 03, 2012 Message From Diabetes Meeting: Physical Activity Should be 'Part and Parcel' of Care Researchers at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2012 Meeting reported this week that higher levels of leisure-time physical activity cut the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in people with type 2 diabetes, says an article by Heartwire. People with diabetes who did little or no exercise at baseline and then substantially increased their leisure-time physical-activity levels over approximately 5 years cut their risk of death by almost two-thirds. The researchers used data on leisure-time physical activity, recorded yearly, from more than 15,000 men and women with type 2 diabetes included in the Swedish National Diabetes Register. Participants were grouped as either "low physical activity" (no regular exercise or exercise once per week) or "regular exercise" (between 3 times per week and daily exercise). If patients died during the course of the study, their last recorded physical-activity level was used for the analysis. Over a 5-year period, regular exercisers were significantly less likely to have a cardiovascular event or to die either from cardiovascular disease or any other cause. The investigators also looked at patients who reported doing little or no physical activity at baseline but who increased their regular exercise to at least 3 times per week by the end of the study period (a mean of 4.8 years). Cardiovascular deaths among these patients dropped by 67% compared with patients who did not improve their exercise habits. Rates of all-cause mortality were reduced by almost the same degree. Session moderator Nick Wareham, MD, stressed that the data "… should encourage us to focus on encouraging physical activity as part and parcel of medical care."


text:
See also Antibiotics (General)
Nitrofurantoin is sometimes taken on an ongoing basis to prevent bladder infections.
Magnesium supplements might impair the absorption of nitrofurantoin, 1 so do not take magnesium during the 2 hours before or after your nitrofurantoin dose.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -