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Other Proposed Natural Treatments
- 5-HTP (5-Hydroxytryptophan)
- Acupuncture
- Ayurveda
- Calcium
- Coleus forskohlii
- Combination Herb/Supplement Therapies
- Diacylglycerol
- Ephedrine (Alone or With Caffeine)
- Evening Primrose Oil
- Green Tea
- Glucomannan
- Hoodia gordonii
- Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA) ( Garcinia cambogia )
- Hypnotherapy
- L-Carnitine
- Low-carb Diet
- Low-glycemic Index Diet
- MCTs
- Spirulina
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin D
- Many Others
Losing weight can be a lifelong challenge. Researchers who study obesity consider it a chronic health condition that must be managed much like high blood pressure or high cholesterol. That means there's no easy cure.
Losing just 5% to 10% of your total weight can lower blood pressure , improve cholesterol profile, prevent diabetes , improve blood sugar control if you already have diabetes, and reduce the risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee. 1-6
A combination of improved diet and regular exercise might be the best way to lose weight and keep it off.
Although prior weight-loss drugs, such as amphetamines and fen-phen, have had a patchy safety record, sibutramine (Meridia) appears to be safe and modestly effective for weight loss. New drugs currently in development will likely offer greater benefits.
It is commonly stated that the high-fructose corn syrup added to many foods is a major cause of obesity. However, while there is little doubt that, in general, excess intake of calories promotes obesity, the specific relationship of this substance to weight gain remains questionable. 210
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
Chromium is a mineral the body needs in only small amounts, but it's important to human nutrition.
Although it has principally been studied for improving blood sugar control in people with diabetes , chromium has also been tried for reducing total weight and body fat percentage, with some success. Both of these potential benefits involve chromium's effects on insulin. Before we can explain how chromium may help, we need to provide some background information on how the body controls its blood sugar levels.
The body needs a constant level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. When you digest a carbohydrate meal, glucose levels rise. Protein meals have the same effect, although to a lesser extent. Your body responds by secreting insulin. Insulin causes the cells of your body to absorb glucose out of the blood, thereby reducing circulating blood sugar.
Once cells have taken in glucose, they can burn it for energy or convert it to a storage form. Liver and muscle cells can store a limited amount of glucose as glycogen. Fat cells can convert unlimited amounts of glucose into energy stored as fat.
The process also goes the opposite way. When your body has used up the food from its last meal, blood glucose levels drop. Just as the body doesn't like it when glucose levels are too high, low glucose levels also cause problems. So your body applies its control mechanisms to raise blood sugar levels. It does so by reducing its output of insulin and also by raising levels of another hormone called glucagon. The net effect is that energy storage depots are mobilized. Glycogen is converted back into glucose. In addition, fat cells release their contents into the bloodstream to supply an alternate energy source.
In summary, high insulin levels build fat, while low insulin levels break down fat.
Based on this push-pull effect, if you want to lose weight you'd probably rather keep your insulin levels low.
Dieting is the most obvious method of reducing insulin. When you don't take in enough calories to supply your body's daily needs, insulin levels fall and your body breaks down fat cells. Exercising is another method; by increasing your body's energy requirements, exercise causes insulin levels to fall and fat cells to break down.
But it's difficult to consistently use more energy than you take in. Hunger takes over, and you start wanting to eat. If there were some way to trigger fat breakdown without going hungry, it would make weight loss much easier.
There's another important connection between insulin and weight to consider. Individuals who weigh too much often develop insulin resistance . In this condition, certain cells of the body become less sensitive to insulin. The body senses this, and increases insulin production until it overcomes the resistance. It is possible that fat cells respond to these increased levels of insulin by storing even more fat.
Chromium is thought to improve the body's responsiveness to insulin. Combining this fact with the insulin-weight connections just described, some researchers have proposed that chromium may assist in decreasing weight or improving body composition (the ratio of fatty tissue to lean tissue).
Their main argument goes like this: chromium increases insulin sensitivity. This causes levels of insulin to fall. 88 With reduced amounts of insulin in the blood, fat cells are less inclined to store fat, and weight loss may become easier.
In addition, there is some evidence that chromium partially blocks insulin's effects on fat cells, interfering with its fat-building effect. 89 This could also promote weight loss. And another small study suggests that chromium may work by influencing the brain and its role in appetite and food cravings. 242
There are several flaws in these arguments, though. For example, even very small amounts of insulin in the blood effectively suppress fat breakdown. 90-94 Another problem is that during insulin resistance, fat cells also appear to become resistant to insulin. 95-98 Insulin resistance, in other words, might be a natural method of keeping the lid on weight gain. Chromium supplements might have the undesired effect of increasing the ability of fat cells to respond to insulin, helping them store fat better!
However, theory only takes one so far. It is more important to review the results of studies in which people were given chromium supplements to reduce their weight.
About ten reasonably well designed double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have evaluated chromium's potential benefit for weight loss. 138
In the largest study, 219 people were given either placebo , 200 mcg of chromium picolinate daily, or 400 mcg of chromium picolinate daily. 7 Participants were not advised to follow any particular diet. Over a period of 72 days, individuals taking chromium experienced significantly greater weight loss than those not taking chromium, over 2-½ pounds versus about ¼ pound. Interestingly, individuals taking chromium actually gained lean body mass, so the difference in loss of fatty tissue was greater: over 4 pounds versus less than ½ pound. However, a very high dropout rate makes the results of this study somewhat unreliable.
In a smaller double-blind study by the same researcher, 130 moderately overweight individuals attempting to lose weight were given either placebo or 400 mcg of chromium daily. 8 Although hints of benefit were seen, they were too slight to be statistically significant .
Several other small double-blind, placebo-controlled studies also failed to find evidence of the benefit of chromium picolinate as an aid to weight loss. 9-14,99,136, 211,243 One study failed to find benefit with a combination of chromium and conjugated linoleic acid . 225
When larger studies find positive results and smaller studies do not, it often indicates that the treatment under study is only weakly effective. This may be the case with chromium as a weight-loss treatment. 138
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Chromium article.
Pyruvate supplies the body with pyruvic acid, a natural compound that plays important roles in the manufacture and use of energy. Theoretically, taking pyruvate might increase the body's metabolism, particularly of fat.
Several small studies enrolling a total of about 150 people have found evidence that pyruvate or DHAP (a combination of pyruvate and the related substance dihydroxyacetone) can aid weight loss and/or improve body composition. 21-25,115
For example, in a 6-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 51 people were given either pyruvate (6 g daily), placebo, or no treatment. 115 All participated in an exercise program. In the treated group, significant decreases in fat mass (2.1 kg) and percentage body fat (2.6%) were seen, along with a significant increase in muscle mass (1.5 kg). No significant changes were seen in the placebo or nontreatment groups.
Another placebo-controlled study (blinding not stated) used a much higher dose of pyruvate, 22 g to 44 g daily depending on total calorie intake. 21 In this trial, 34 slightly overweight people were put on a mildly weight-reducing diet for 4 weeks. Subsequently, half were given a liquid dietary supplement containing pyruvate. Over the course of 6 weeks, people in the pyruvate group lost a small amount of weight (about 1-½ pounds) while those in the placebo group did not lose weight. Most of the weight loss came from fat.
Another interesting placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of DHAP when people who had previously lost weight increased their calorie intake. 23 Seventeen severely overweight women were put on a restricted diet as inpatients for 3 weeks, during which time they lost approximately 17 pounds. They were then given a high-calorie diet. Approximately half of the women also received 15 g of pyruvate and 75 g of dihydroxyacetone daily. The results found that after 3 weeks of this weight-gaining diet, individuals receiving the supplements gained only about 4 pounds, as compared to about 6 pounds in the placebo group. Close evaluation showed that pyruvate specifically blocked regain of fat weight.
While all these studies are intriguing, we really need large studies (100 participants or more) to establish the benefits of pyruvate for weight loss.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Pyruvate article.
Dietary fiber is important to many intestinal tract functions including digestion and waste excretion. It also appears to have a mild cholesterol-lowering effect and might help reduce the risk of some kinds of cancer (although the current evidence is a bit contradictory).
Fiber might also be useful for losing weight. It's thought to work in a simple way by filling the stomach and causing a feeling of fullness, while providing little to no calories. Fiber might also interfere with absorption of fat.
There are two kinds of fiber: soluble fiber, which swells up and holds water, and insoluble fiber, which does not. Soluble fiber is found in psyllium seed (sold as a laxative), apples, and oat bran. Most other plant-based foods contain insoluble fiber.
Fiber supplements may contain a variety of soluble or insoluble fibers from grain, citrus, vegetable, and even shellfish sources.
Several double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have evaluated fiber supplements as a weight-loss aid. The results have been somewhat inconsistent, but in general it appears that some forms of fiber may slightly enhance weight loss.
In one of the largest studies, 97 mildly overweight women on a strict low-calorie diet were given either placebo or an insoluble fiber (type not stated) 3 times daily for 11 weeks. 26 Women given fiber lost almost 11 pounds compared to about 7 pounds in the placebo group. Participants using the fiber reported less hunger.
Researchers weren't finished with their subjects! For an additional 16 weeks, their diet was changed to one that supplied more calories. As expected, participants regained some weight during this period. Nonetheless, by the end of the 16 weeks, individuals taking fiber were still 8 pounds lighter than at the beginning of the study, while those taking placebo were only 6 pounds lighter.
Another study evaluated whether the benefits of dietary fiber endure over 6 months of dieting. This double-blind trial of 52 overweight individuals found that use of an insoluble, dietary fiber product (made from beet, barley, and citrus) almost doubled the degree of weight loss as compared to placebo. 27 Once more, participants using the fiber supplement reported less hunger.
Two other double-blind, placebo-controlled studies evaluated a similar insoluble fiber product. 28,116 The first enrolled 60 moderately overweight women and put them on a 1,400-calorie diet along with placebo or fiber for a period of 2 months. The other study was similar, but enrolled only 45 women and followed them for 3 months. The results of both studies again showed improved weight loss and reduced feelings of hunger in the treated groups. However, a 24-week study of 53 moderately overweight individuals found no difference in effect between placebo and 4 g of insoluble fiber daily. 117 Another study failed to find benefit with either of two soluble fiber supplements (methylcellulose or pectin plus beta glucan) in terms of weight, hunger, or satiety. 149
Glucomannan , a source of soluble dietary fiber from the tubers of Amorphophallus konjac, has also been tried for weight loss, with positive results in adults. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 20 overweight individuals, researchers found that use of glucomannan significantly improved weight loss over an 8-week period. 29 Benefits were also seen in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 28 overweight individuals who had just experienced a heart attack. 30 However, another trial studied the effectiveness of glucomannan as a weight-loss agent in 60 overweight children, and found no benefit. 31
An 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 59 overweight people evaluated the effects of chitosan , a mostly insoluble fiber from crustaceans, taken at a dose of 1.5 g prior to each of the two biggest meals of the day. 32 No special diets were assigned. The results showed that, on average, participants in the placebo group gained more than 3 pounds over the course of the study, while those taking chitosan lost more than 2 pounds. However, a subsequent 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 250 people using the same dosage of chitosan failed to find benefit. 150 Negative results were also seen in an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 51 women given 1,200 mg twice daily 118 and in a 28-day, double-blind trial of 30 overweight people using 1 g twice daily. 33 Although benefits have shown up in other studies, the balance of evidence indicate that chitosan probably does not work. 170,205,241 Further argument against the use of chitosan comes from the fact that chitosan supplements may at times contain toxic levels of arsenic. 151
A few trials have only evaluated effects on hunger and satiety rather than weight loss. One study found that the soluble fiber pectin (from apples) reduces hunger sensations. 34 Another found that the soluble fiber guar gum slows stomach emptying and increases the sensation of fullness. 35 However, a more recent study evaluated the effects of guar gum in 25 women undergoing a weight-loss program, and found no influence on hunger. 36 In another study, consuming fiber from barley caused an increase in calorie consumption. 209
The optimum dose of fiber and the proper time to take it have not been determined.
In the first three studies described previously, insoluble fiber supplements were given 20 to 30 minutes prior to each meal at a dose of about 2.3 g, along with a large glass of water. For additional dosage information, see the full articles on Glucomannan and Chitosan .
Fiber supplements must be taken with water; otherwise, they may block the digestive tract. Even when used properly, mild gastrointestinal side effects such as gas and bloating may occur.
As a kind of positive side effect, fiber supplements may reduce cholesterol and blood pressure levels. 37-41
For other important safety issues, see the full articles on chitosan and glucomannan .
Other Proposed Treatments for Weight Loss
5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)
The supplement 5-HTP is thought to affect serotonin levels. Because serotonin is thought to play a role in weight regulation, 5-HTP has been investigated as a possible weight-loss aid. A total of four small, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials have been reported.
The first of these, a double-blind crossover study, found that use of 5-HTP (at a daily dose of 8 mg per kilogram body weight) reduced caloric intake despite the fact that the 19 participants made no conscious effort to eat less. 44 Participants given placebo consumed about 2,300 calories per day, while those taking 5-HTP ate only 1,800 calories daily. Use of 5-HTP appeared to lead to a significantly enhanced sense of satiety after eating. Over the course of 5 weeks, women taking 5-HTP effortlessly lost more than 3 pounds.
A follow-up study by the same research group enrolled 20 overweight women who were trying to lose weight. 45 Participants received either 5-HTP (900 mg per day) or placebo for two consecutive 6-week periods. During the first period, there was no dietary restriction, while during the second participants were encouraged to follow a defined diet expected to lead to weight loss.
Participants receiving placebo did not lose weight during either period. However, those receiving 5-HTP lost about 2% of their initial body weight during the no-diet period, and an additional 3% while on the diet. Thus, a woman with an initial weight of 170 pounds lost about 3-½ pounds after 6 weeks of using 5-HTP without dieting, and another 5 pounds while dieting. Once again, participants taking 5-HTP experienced quicker satiety.
Similar benefits were seen in a double-blind study of 14 overweight women given 900 mg of 5-HTP daily. 46
Finally, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 20 overweight individuals with adult-onset diabetes found that use of 5-HTP (750 mg per day) without intentional dieting resulted in about a 4-½ pound weight loss over a 2-week period. 47 Use of 5-HTP reduced carbohydrate intake by 75% and fat intake to a lesser extent.
Unfortunately, all these studies were performed by a single research group. In science, results aren't considered valid until they are independently replicated by different researchers. In addition, all these studies were small in size. For these reasons, further research is necessary before we can consider 5-HTP a proven weight-loss agent.
Garcinia cambogia
Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) , a derivative of citric acid, is found primarily in a small, sweet, purple fruit called Garcinia cambogia , the Malabar tamarind. Although animal and test tube studies as well as one human trial suggest that HCA might encourage weight loss, other studies have found no benefit. 53-64,119,121 In an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 60 overweight individuals, use of HCA at a dose of 440 mg 3 times daily produced significant weight loss as compared to placebo. 119
In contrast, a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 135 overweight individuals, who were given either placebo or 500 mg of HCA 3 times daily, found no effect on body weight or fat mass. 62 However, this study has been criticized for using a high-fiber diet, which is thought to impair HCA absorption. 120
Other small placebo-controlled studies found HCA had no effect on metabolism, appetite, or weight. 63,64,121
The bottom line: It is not yet clear whether Garcinia cambogia is an effective treatment for weight loss.
Caffeine and Ephedrine
Caffeine and ephedrine (found in ephedra, an herb also known as ma huang) are central nervous system stimulants. Considerable evidence suggests ephedrine-caffeine combinations can modestly assist in weight loss. 65-69,135,152
For example, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 180 overweight people were placed on a weight-loss diet and given either ephedrine-caffeine (20 mg/200 mg), ephedrine alone (20 mg), caffeine alone (200 mg), or placebo, 3 times daily for 24 weeks. 70 The results showed that the ephedrine-caffeine treatment significantly enhanced weight loss, resulting in a loss of more than 36 pounds as compared to only 29 pounds in the placebo group. Neither ephedrine nor caffeine alone produced any benefit. Contrary to some reports, participants did not develop tolerance to the treatment. For the whole 6 months of the trial, the treatment group maintained the same relative weight loss advantage over the placebo group.
While this study only found benefit with caffeine-ephedrine and not with ephedrine alone, other studies have found that ephedrine alone also offers some weight loss benefits. 139
We don't know exactly how ephedrine-caffeine works. However, caffeine has actions that cause fat breakdown and enhance metabolism. 71 Ephedrine suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure. The combination appears to produce synergistic effects, with appetite suppression probably the most important overall factor.
Note : Ephedrine presents serious medical risks, and should only be used under physician supervision. In the US, the sale of ephedrine-containing products is banned. See the full Ephedra article for more information.
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)
Some evidence suggests that MCT consumption might enhance the body's tendency to burn fat. 123-125,153 This has led to investigations of MCTs as a weight-loss aid. However, the results of clinical trials thus far have been fairly unimpressive.
In a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 66 women were put on a very low-carbohydrate diet to induce a state called ketosis. 126 Half of the women received a liquid supplement containing ordinary fats; the other half received a similar supplement in which the ordinary fats were replaced by MCTs.
The results indicated that the MCT supplement significantly increased the rate of "fat burning" during the first 2 weeks of the trial and also reduced the loss of muscle mass. However, these benefits declined during the last 2 weeks of the trial, which suggests that the effects of MCTs are temporary.
In studies that involved substituting MCTs for ordinary fats in a low calorie diet have shown minimal relative benefits at best. 127,128,131,140,154
A related supplement called structured medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (SMLCT) has been created to provide the same potential benefits as MCTs, but in a form that can be used as cooking oil. In a preliminary double-blind trial, SMLCT showed some promise as a "fat-burner." 137
Other Approaches to Weight Loss
A special type of fat known as diacylglycerol has shown promise as a weight loss aid. 80,141,142,237 For example, in a 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 131 overweight men and women were placed on a weight loss diet including, in part, supplementary foods containing either diacylglycerols or ordinary fats. 141 The results showed that participants using diacylglycerols lost more weight. Diacylglycerols appear to be safe. 155,237
In four preliminary controlled trials, a patented, proprietary blend of fats added to yogurt has shown potential weight-loss benefit. 217-220
Korean pine nut oil (PinnoThinac), which is high in free fatty acids (FFA), was shown in one study to reduce the appetite of 42 overweight women compared to olive oil. 236
Beans partially interfere with the body's ability to digest carbohydrates, which is why they cause flatulence. Based on this, products containing the French white bean Phaseolus vulgaris have been widely marketed as weight loss aids. However, published studies studies have generally failed to find these "carbohydrate blockers" effective for this purpose. 183-185 According to the manufacturer of a current product, more concentrated extracts of phaseolus vulgaris, taken in higher doses, actually can work. Up until recently, the evidence for this claim rested entirely on unpublished studies that could not be independently verified. 186-187
In 2007, however, a relevant trial was at last published. 212 In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 slightly overweight people were given either placebo or a phaseolus extract once daily 30 minutes prior to a main meal rich in carbohydrates. Over the thirty days of the study, the results indicated that phaseolus treatment led to a significantly greater reduction of body weight and and improvement of lean/fat ratio as compared to placebo.
Some evidence suggests that the supplements creatine158 and colostrum133 may each slightly improve body composition (fat to muscle ratio) as compared to placebo among individuals undergoing an exercise program.
It has been suggested that calcium supplements, or high-calcium diets, may slightly enhance weight loss, but current evidence is more negative than positive. 147,156,171-177,219,226,230,234 However, because bones may grow thin during rapid weight loss, it may make sense to take calcium supplements when intentionally losing weight. 157 (Interestingly, when weight loss is induced by exercise rather than diet, bone loss does not seem to occur. 208 )
A 6-month, double-blind study found that the supplement DHEA at a dose of 50 mg daily may help decrease abdominal fat and improve insulin sensitivity (thereby potentially helping to prevent diabetes) in seniors. 159 However, another study failed to find DHEA at 40 mg twice daily helpful for weight loss in severely overweight adolescents. 87
A supplement related to DHEA, 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone (also called 7-oxy or 7-keto-DHEA), has shown a bit of promise for enhancing weight loss. 178-179
Results of two small, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies suggest that vitamin C supplements might aid in weight loss. 72,73 A related study found that marginal vitamin C deficiency might interfere with deliberate attempts to lose weight. 203
One small double-blind study indicates that a concentrated extract of the herb Coleus forskohlii might increase the rate of fat burning. 181
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 158 moderately overweight volunteers tested a mixture of chromium , cayenne , inulin (a nondigestible carbohydrate), and phenylalanine (an amino acid), as well as other herbs and nutrients. 82 All participants lost weight over the 4-week trial. Those using the supplement lost a bit more weight, but the difference was not mathematically significant. However, a bit of positive news came from close examination of results. Among those taking the supplement, a significantly higher percentage of the weight loss came from fat instead of muscle.
One study found benefit with a combination treatment containing niacin-bound chromium combined with Gymnema sylvestre and HCA. 160 Yet another study reported weight-loss effects with a combination of HCA, pantothenic acid , chamomile , lavender, damask rose, and the Hawaiian herb Cananga odorata . 229
A very small study hints that soy isoflavones might help reduce buildup of abdominal fat. 215
Weight-loss benefits were seen in a double-blind trial of 150 overweight people given either placebo or one of two doses of a combination therapy containing chitosan , chromium , and HCA. 129 Benefits were also seen in a 45-day double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 44 overweight people that tested a combination product containing yerba mate , guarana , and damiana . 130 Minimal benefits at most were seen in a 12 week double-blind study evaluating a combination of asparagus, green tea, black tea , guarana , maté , kidney beans, Garcinia cambogia, and high chromium yeast. 206
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of a mixture containing Citrus aurantium (bitter orange), caffeine, and St. John's wort . 83Citrus aurantium contains various stimulant chemicals related to nasal spray decongestants. The results suggest that this combination might assist weight loss, but the study was so small (23 participants divided into three groups) that the results mean little.
Ayurvedic herbs have shown some promise for weight loss. In a 3-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 70 overweight individuals were divided into four groups: placebo, Triphala guggul (a mixture of five Ayurvedic ingredients) plus Gokshuradi guggul (a mixture of eight Ayurvedic ingredients), Triphala guggul plus Sinhanad guggul (a mixture of six Ayurvedic herbs), or Triphala guggul plus Chandraprabha vati (a mixture of 36 Ayurvedic ingredients). 143 Reportedly, all three Ayurvedic ingredients produced significant weight loss and improvements in cholesterol compared to placebo; furthermore, the improvements produced by each of the treatments were close to identical.
One study failed to find benefit with a proprietary mixture of astragalus , gallic acid, ginger , red sage, rhubarb , and turmeric . 216
Studies attempting to determine whether evening primrose oil can aid in weight loss have yielded mixed results. 74,75
One study failed to find useful results with a combination of rhubarb, ginger , astragulus , red sage, and turmeric . 182
Another study failed to find benefit with the edible cactus Caralluma fimbriata . 207
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a mixture of different isomers, or chemical forms, of linoleic acid. CLA has been proposed as a fat-burning substance, improving lean to fat mass ratios and reducing total fat mass, but, on balance, the benefit appears to be slight at best. 76-79,122,132,134,161-163,202,214,218,228,232Note: Some but not all studies have raised concerns that use of CLA by overweight people could raise insulin resistance and therefore increase risk of diabetes. 164-166,204 In addition, use of CLA might impair endothelial function and levels of C-reactive protein, and thereby increase cardiovascular risk. 191,214
One interesting study found that topical application of glycyrrhetinic acid, a constituent of licorice , can reduce fat thickness in the thigh. 192
A mixture of the herbs of Magnolia officinalis and Phellodendron amurense is said to help reduce stress-induced overeating, but the only supporting evidence for this claim is a study too small to provide meaningful results. 193
The herb Hoodia gordonii , often known simply as "hoodia," has been heavily marketed as a weight loss treatment. However, the evidence that it works is limited to one small unpublished trial funded by the manufacturer.
Hypnosis is popular as an aid to weight loss. However, a careful analysis of published studies suggests that the benefits are slight at best. 148
Although acupuncture is widely used for weight loss, as yet the evidence from published studies is incomplete and inconsistent. 144-146
One double-blind study failed to find capsaicin (the "hot" in cayenne pepper ) helpful for preventing weight regain after weight loss, but it did seem to cause some increase in fat metabolism. 167
A rather theoretical study found that two ingredients in green tea may interact to increase metabolism, 84 and on this basis green tea became a popular weight control supplement. However, other evidence indicates that if green tea increases metabolism at all, the effect is extremely small. 194-195 One study conducted in Thailand reported weight-loss benefits with green tea; 235 however, a Dutch study failed to find green tea helpful for preventing weight regain after weight loss. 168 In another study, use of green tea failed to produce significant weight loss in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome . 196
Green tea extract enriched with catechins (an active ingredient in green tea) has done better, enhancing weight loss in one substantial but somewhat flawed trial. 227 Oolong tea enriched with green tea catechins found some apparent weight loss benefit. 197 However, a study in overweight Japanese children did not support the effectiveness of green tea catechins for weight reduction. 238 And, similar results were obtained in another placebo-controlled trial involving 78 overweight women after 12 weeks of treatment. 239
Other supplements that have been studied but not found effective include spirulina, 81L-carnitine , 86 and oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes (OPCs) from grape seed. 169
An enormous number of other supplements are marketed for weight loss, but without meaningful supporting evidence.
For example, certain supplements are said to be lipotropic, meaning that they help your body metabolize fat or slow down the rate at which it's stored. Vitamins B 5 and B 6 , biotin , choline , inositol , lecithin , and lipoic acid are often placed in this category. However, there is no real evidence that they'll help you lose weight.
A number of amino acids are said to reduce hunger, including phenylalanine , tyrosine , methionine , and glutamine . Because the herb kava appears to be helpful for anxiety, it has been proposed as a treatment for mood-related overeating. The antidepressant herb St. John's wort has been recommended with much the same reasoning.
Seaweeds such as kelp , bladderwrack , and sargassi are often added to diet formulas, under the assumption that they will affect the thyroid gland through their iodine content. (An underactive thyroid can cause weight gain.) However, the effect of iodine on thyroid function depends on whether you are iodine deficient. Excess iodine can actually suppress the action of the thyroid. The herb guggul ( Commiphora mukul) is often claimed to enhance thyroid function, and for this reason it is often sold as a weight-loss agent. However there is little evidence that it actually affects the thyroid, and a small double-blind trial found it no more effective than placebo for weight loss. 85
Numerous herbs and supplements with potential or known effects on insulin or blood sugar levels are widely added to weight-loss formulas, again, without any evidence that they are effective. These include:
- Alfalfa
- Anemarrhena asphodeloides
- Arginine
- Azadirachta indica ( neem )
- Bilberry leaf
- Bitter melon ( Momordica charantia )
- Catharanthus roseus
- Coccinia indica
- Cucumis sativus
- Cucurbita ficifolia
- Cuminum cyminum (cumin)
- Euphorbia prostrata
- Garlic
- Glucomannan
- Guaiacum coulteri
- Guazuma ulmifolia
- Guggul
- Holy basil ( Ocimum sanctum)
- Lepechinia caulescens
- Musa sapientum L. (banana)
- Nopal cactus ( Opuntia streptacantha )
- Onion
- Psacalium peltatum
- Pterocarpus
- Rhizophora mangle
- Salacia oblonga
- Salt bush
- Spinacea oleracea
- Tournefortia hirsutissima
- Turnera diffusa
- Vanadium
Herbs with laxative or diuretic properties or reputations are also popular in weight-loss formulas, although they are unlikely to produce anything beyond a slight temporary effect. These include barberry , buchu , cascara sagrada bark, cassia powder, cleavers , cornsilk, couchgrass, dandelion root, fig, goldenrod , hydrangea root, juniper berry , peppermint , prune, senna leaf , tamarind, turkey rhubarb root, and uva ursi .
Herbs supposed to "strengthen" the body in general are found in many diet formulas, including ashwagandha , cordyceps , Eleutherococcus , fo-ti, ginseng , maitake , reishi , schisandra , and suma .
Other herbs and supplements sometimes recommended for weight loss for reasons that are unclear include buckthorn, cayenne , chickweed, coenzyme Q 10 , cranberry , fennel , flaxseed , ginger , ginkgo , gotu kola , grape seed extract , hawthorn , licorice , milk thistle , parsley , passionflower , plantain , white willow , yellow dock , yucca , and zinc .
Numerous dietary methods have been proposed for aiding weight loss. The Mediterranean diet, which is relatively high in fiber and monounsaturated fats (eg, olive oil) has attracted attention as an effective method for weight management. 240 For information on two of the most popular "alternative" diets for weight loss, see the articles on low-carbohydrate diets and low-glycemic index diets. On average, it appears that all dietary weight loss approaches are about equally helpful, provided one sticks to the rules. 198-200, 213,220-224,231,244 However, it is possible that a low-GI and the Mediterranean diet are more beneficial than a low-fat diet in people with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes. 220,240
One study found that reducing consumption of high sugar beverages has a minor effect, if any. 201
It has often been suggested that adoption of a vegetarian diet enhances weight loss, but this has not been proven. 233
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


text:
A Guide to Installing Window Air Conditioners
A version of this article appears in the November/December 2013 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
October 31, 2013
Homeowners in the United States spend $1 out of every $8 of utility costs on cooling their living space. Window air conditioners (A/Cs) are an inexpensive alternative to central systems and are sold in greater numbers each year than all other residential cooling systems. They are bought to cool a specific room, are inexpensive to purchase, and are easy for anyone to install. But these benefits come at a cost. Window A/Cs operate less efficiently than most other residential cooling systems, and they may not provide equivalent comfort.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Many Americans regularly consume caffeine, the most widely used behaviorally active drug in the world. But does caffeine cause more than just a morning boost?
Over the years, caffeine has been singled out as a possible factor in cancer and birth defects, among others. Here is a look at why most experts say that moderate caffeine intake is not a habit worth losing sleep over and advice for people who drink too much coffee and want to cut back.
Energy Drinks
Energy drinks are the latest entry into the beverage market and perhaps the most potent way to get a caffeine fix. The popularity of these carbonated, caffeine-loaded drinks has skyrocketed since they first appeared on the market in the late 1990s. They are particularly popular among the younger generation, including teenagers.
The US Food and Drug Administration monitors the harmful side effects of energy drinks. Although some were serious, energy drinks are safe. As with other forms of caffeine, moderation and common sense should be applied.
Caffeine and Addiction
In a manner of speaking, yes. The majority of Americans regularly consume caffeine, a drug that acts as a central nervous system stimulant. It increases heart rate, boosts urine production, and raises the metabolic rate. The metabolic rate is the speed at which the body burns calories to fuel necessary functions like breathing. Anyone who cannot get going in the morning without a cup of coffee, tea, or a caffeine-containing soft drink knows all too well that caffeine can be habit-forming.
While most experts say addiction is too strong a word to be used with caffeine, researchers have identified a condition they call caffeine dependence syndrome. It is characterized by the following:
- Withdrawal symptoms, such as headache, fatigue, and depression
- Caffeine consumption despite causing physical or psychological problems or making them worse
- Unsuccessful attempts to cut back or control caffeine intake
- Tolerance to caffeine—not getting the desired effect with typical consumption or the need to drink more to get the desired effect
Caffeine and Your Health
The idea of being dependent on caffeine can be unsettling. However, most healthy people who drink a cup or two of coffee, tea, or soda every day suffer no more serious physical symptoms than jitteriness, irritability, and minor gastrointestinal upsets. Why, then, have scientists long suspected that caffeine might contribute to heart disease, cancer, birth defects, and other problems?
The snag here is that much of the early research linking caffeine to various conditions was clouded by a number of issues. When questioning people about their caffeine-consuming habits, for example, many researchers failed to ask about caffeine sources other than coffee or tea, such as soft drinks, chocolate, and certain medications (see chart).
Another confounding issue is that even though caffeine and coffee drinking may not contribute to disease alone, they may go hand-in-hand with a lifestyle that does. For example, coffee drinkers may also smoke, drink alcohol, or eat high-fat diets. All these factors must be considered when researching caffeine use.
Recent studies have failed to link only consumption of caffeine to heart disease or death. In fact, many observational studies have suggested that caffeine consumption may actually lower these risks.
Health Conditions and Caffeine
Some people would clearly do well to limit their caffeine consumption or avoid it altogether. For example, people with dyspepsia or heartburn should keep their caffeine use in check. It stimulates the secretion of acid, which can irritate the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
Pregnant women should watch the amount of caffeine they consume as well. While moderate amounts (1-2 cups of coffee per day) have not been proven to cause birth defects, caffeine does cross the placenta. After caffeine enters the fetal bloodstream, large amounts can alter the unborn baby's normal heart rate and breathing.
Some research also suggests that large amounts of caffeine may decrease blood flow to the placenta, which may raise the risk of having a small baby or a miscarriage. However, other research has not found a link between coffee consumption and pregnancy problems.
Women who breastfeed their babies should also avoid the substance. Although caffeine may make a new mother more alert, the caffeine passed to her child through breast milk may mean more time comforting a fussy child.
People with chronic headaches are strongly advised to limit all caffeinated products. While caffeine combined with medications can be used to treat headaches, regular use can cause headaches or make them worse.
Given the alert feeling that caffeine provides, those with anxiety or panic disorders should also avoid caffeine or limit its use. Caffeine has the ability to increase their anxiety and make symptoms worse.
Quitting Coffee
Even if you only drink a cup or two of coffee, tea, or soda each day, try to cut back on caffeine gradually. Moderate caffeine users who stop cold turkey can suffer from withdrawal symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, moodiness, and nausea. Instead of switching over completely to decaffeinated coffee, substitute decaf for half your regular blend for a couple days and gradually wean yourself. Or, alternate decaf sodas with the regular version throughout the day until you feel comfortable weaning yourself from the caffeinated version completely.
A Special Note for Smokers
Smokers need more caffeine to get a kick than their nonsmoking counterparts because smoking causes caffeine to be metabolized more quickly. This is one reason so many smokers get caught up in the coffee-and-cigarette habit. When a smoker kicks the cigarette habit however, caffeine lingers in the bloodstream longer. This can add to the jitteriness and irritability that goes with giving up nicotine. Smokers who quit cigarettes may want to cut back on caffeine at the same time.
Caffeine in Common Products
Caffeine Additives
Many manufacturers add caffeine to pain killers because it helps the drugs ease muscular aches and other discomforts (like some headaches) more effectively. Some research also suggests that caffeine acts independently to relieve pain. The caffeine content of products may change, so contact the manufacturer for information on products you use frequently.
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD, FAAP
- Review Date: 02/2017 -
- Update Date: 02/03/2017 -


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A Collection of Pinata Accident Videos — Daily Distraction
[onescreen item="4993956"]
A floating box full of candy, a blindfolded person wielding a bat, and a crowd of onlookers—what could possibly go wrong?
You can probably guess, but that doesn't make watching it any less fun. It seems obvious, but here's a bit of advice to anyone attending a party where there's a piñata: when when someone with a bat puts on a blindfold and starts swinging away, give that person a wide berth. It's much easier to pick up those pieces of candy when you aren't laying on the ground next to them, howling in pain.
The Daily Distraction is your Internet break from reality. Whether you're eating lunch at your desk or avoiding high school exes on Facebook, you might just laugh, say "aaahhh" or not believe what you just watched.


text:
KDE 3.2 Released
Today the KDE Project released KDE 3.2. It is the result of a combined year-long effort by hundreds of individuals and corporations from around the globe. For packages, please visit the KDE 3.2 info page. At the moment binary packages for Conectiva Linux, Slackware (9.0, 9.1) and SUSE Linux (8.2, 9.0) are listed. Or compile the source either manually or with the help of Konstruct after reading the KDE 3.2 Requirements list. All changes can be found in the detailed KDE 3.2 change log or continue to read about the highlights.
Some of the highlights in KDE 3.2 at a glance:
More information and why you should use KDE 3.2 can be found in the KDE 3.2 announcement.
Re: Problems :(
I had the same speed problems. KDE runs fine for a while but slowly grinds to a halt. I tried editing the Xservers file, but this did not help. I also tried a clean .kde directory and removing the files in /tmp, but this also changed nothing.
Finally, I completely removed KDE from my system and installed the packages from the SuSE ftp site. Everything seems in order now.
I guess there might be something wrong with the KDE packages, but I've been unable to track it down. My advice is to just stick with the SuSE rpms.
hope this helps
By adios at Wed, 2004/02/11 - 6:00am
Re: Problems :(
There are no "KDE packages". The SUSE packages on ftp.kde.org are from the same person than the one on the SUSE ftp site.
By Anonymous at Wed, 2004/02/11 - 6:00am
Re: Problems :(
Using SuSE 9 Pro with KDE 3.2 but with gdm instead of kdm and everything seems to work fine.
On a side note. If you're trying to use superkaramba on this system then be sure to install 33 instead of 32b. The weather theme will work perfectly :)
Cheers to the KDE team for the awesome work.
By macewan at Mon, 2004/02/16 - 6:00am
SuSE issues
I have installed the 3.2 rpms, but there are a few problems ...
By sarath at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: SuSE issues
I use Mandrake 10 Community and have the same problem with XMMS (but when I installed Cooker RPMs of KDE 3.2 on Mandrake 9.2 XMMS minimized correctly). Maybe it is somehow connected with some libraries (GTK or GTK+?).
By Blaster999 at Tue, 2004/03/23 - 6:00am
Re: SuSE issues
The same problem with XMMS in Fedora Core v1 / KDE 3.2 ):
By Fanaz at Tue, 2004/03/23 - 6:00am
Satisfying Suse 9 Dependencies
I've noticed that some of you have just skipped satisfying the dependencies that the Suse RPM asks for, I was just wondering if anyone had noticed any adverse effects due to this.
should I
By David A Taylor at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: Satisfying Suse 9 Dependencies
It depends on what dependancies you encounter on your suse installation.
By rinse at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
KDE 3.2 Performs best on Slackware 9.1
I have tried, Redhat, Mandrake, Fedora, SuSE. But I found Slackware the fastest and most responsive Linux Distro ever. It works nicely with just 128mb ram with 64mb swap!!!
KDE 3.1.4 and 3.2 is much faster in Slackware 9.1 than any other distro. Hats Off to KDE 3.2 and Slackware Developers...
By Slackware 9.1 User at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
konstruct compile error while builidng QT on RH7.3
Hi I am running a RH7.3 machine (yes... it's old)
g++ -fno-exceptions -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/kde3.2/lib -o ../../../bin/designer .obj/release-shared-mt/main.o -L/tmp/konstruct/libs/qt-x11-free/work/qt-x11-free-3.2.3/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/tmp/konstruct/libs/qt-x11-free/work/qt-x11-free-3.2.3/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -ldesignercore -lqui -lqassistantclient -lqt-mt -lpng -lz -lGLU -lGL -lXmu -lXrender -lXinerama -lXft -lfreetype -lXext -lX11 -lm -lSM -lICE -ldl -lpthread
By no name at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: konstruct compile error while builidng QT on R
I have the same problem on RH 9, so it's not related to your distribution version.
By skintwin at Sun, 2004/02/15 - 6:00am
Re: konstruct compile error while builidng QT on R
Did we find a resolution to this error? I'm using FC-1 with kernel 2.4.22-2.2174 and I get this error as well.
make[5]: *** [.obj/release-shared-mt/qpngio.o] Error 1
I sent an email to the developer when I had this error before. He said that I didn't have the Xfree86-devel package installed. However, now I do:
[[email protected] kdebase]$ rpm -qa X*devel*
and I get this same error. Any who can help sort this out?
By Michael Stelly at Thu, 2004/04/01 - 6:00am
Re: konstruct compile error while builidng QT on R
"this error" cannot be because it happens in another directory. And unless you post the part of the log relevant to the error nobody can help.
By Anonymous at Thu, 2004/04/01 - 6:00am
Re: konstruct compile error while builidng QT on R
Hi There,
.obj/release-shared-mt/main.o: In function `main':
By klaus_h at Fri, 2004/07/30 - 5:00am
artsd sucks
Ilove KDE, but how can it be that 3.2 is released with a bug like this still not fixed:
I couldn't get arts to work on my 2.6 kernel, so now I have to use xmms instead of JuK.
If konqueror won't render some pages correctly, that might be annoying. But no sound on 2.6 kernels? Thats a showstopper!
Did I miss something?
By me at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Ilove KDE, but how can it be that 3.2 is released with a bug like this still not fixed:
on kernel 2.4 (suse) the sound doesnt work, too!
By mj at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Don't blame KDE for SUSE packages. I have SuSE, Kernel 2.4 and sound - but compiled from source.
By Anonymous at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
And I have SuSE 8.2, kernel 2.4 -- and installed the 3.2 packages today with that apt-rpm thingy, and I have sound, too. Listening to some madrigals at the moment, in fact, with noatun. On the other hand, I'm having a hard time getting KOffice cvs to compile :-(. No clone tool for Krita today, I'm afraid.
By Boudewijn Rempt at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
hmm i had not used apt, i installed the packages with kpackage :-( When I uninstall the 3.2 packages and install the standart suse packages, the sound doesnt work anymore :-(
By mj at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
maybe it doent work because i became a error in rc1 - "You have no permissions in /tmp/dcop-martin" so i deleted the folder - now i become no errors and no sound :-( Can i restore the folders?
By mj at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
nobody knows how i can fix the problem? :-(
By mj at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
that is your problem, not kde's.
By me at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
I have another problem with artsd from KDE 3.1.95 compiled from sources on Slackware-current: artsd crashes every time when it tries to mix two sounds. I use oss (linux-2.4.24), but alsa-lib is also present on my system.
By Andrey V. Panov at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
well using -current it's normal to have bugs as it's only a test version.
By JC at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Kernel 2.6.1 with ALSA support for the onboard intel sound. Arts performs flawlessly. Now, it might be using the OSS compatability, but I haven't checked that.
By Duncan at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
I don't like artsd either. I've always used the KDE-Applications in ICEWM but now they all load artsd and ignore my kcontrol-setting "don't use soundsystem"!
I have to kill xmms every time after it has stopped because of this artsd. Offen I get this warning dialoges because my sounddevice is already busy.
Everything becomes extremely annoying, when I have used kwrite as root and it has loaded artsd.
Everything was fine, the speed, the design, but artsd is really a showstopper.
By Schugy at Fri, 2004/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Ok, enough stories, but is there already a solution to this? Because I started to think that the sound chipset became out of order, and neither do I have sound. I don't see anyone saying "this is what you have to do...blah blah blah" and sound gets back!
By xasb at Thu, 2005/05/12 - 5:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Similar grief here.
artsd crashes about once a day or so. I don't have to exit xmms. I just have to go to kde control center and uncheck & re-check "use sound system" & hit apply and it starts artsd again. Then just hit play in xmms and it reconnects to the stream I always listen to and works for another day or so. Doesn't seem to matter if I'm actually playing audio, it'll sometimes be crashed already when I go to hit play after coming home from work and everything was sitting idle all day.
Annoying as hell. If I were trying to avoid loading arts and silly things like a text editor kept loading it like the other guy says I'd be junking kde wholesale the first time that happened. I usually never use kde/gnome exactly for reasons like this. But I figured I should at least try doing things the "normal" way once in a while or else I'm talking through my ... when I advize people to reject these gross fat "desktop environments".
linux:~ # cat /dev/sndstat
Installed drivers:
Card config:
Audio devices:
Synth devices: NOT ENABLED IN CONFIG
Midi devices: NOT ENABLED IN CONFIG
By Brian K. White at Thu, 2005/09/15 - 5:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Go into your KDE Desktop Admin.
Click Sound
You can also play with your buffer here if you have skip problems. System hasn't crashed since (Used to several times / hour when I had my regular windows open. Ie. LOTS!).
By Adam Walker at Wed, 2005/10/12 - 5:00am
Re: artsd sucks
Fedora Core 4 running icewm.
Along with that, I set the buffer VERY SHORT to get the notification sounds to work properly. I guess a larger buffer is a problem with small sound bytes.
By darthwonka at Wed, 2005/11/16 - 6:00am
Re: artsd sucks
No my friend, you did not miss a thing. You started this thread in 2004, when ARTS sucked. Now it is 2006, and ARTS sucks just the same, if not more for still being a part of KDE. How this crap is an integral component of the best non-commercial desktop in existence is beyond me.
By Clint Allen at Thu, 2006/06/15 - 5:00am
Re: artsd sucks
i read here, that Arts is going to be stripped from KDE 4.0 because it is unmaintained.
This was in an interview with one of the KDE Developers. http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/2006/01/12/kde4.html
"selecting a new multimedia system (aRts is unmaintained and not providing what we need)
JL: Right. I remember Stefan changed his thinking on that approach. What are the main alternatives now?
AJS: GStreamer, NMM, and MAS. GStreamer looks like the most probable candidate at this point."
Although as KDE 4.0 isn't released yet, 14-08-2006 it is all well possible they may change their minds.
By me. at Sun, 2006/08/13 - 5:00am
I wonder why the control center graphics are still in the old design?
By Gerdilein at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Mouse problem
Well done!!! Thank you all.
My system:
Thanks for help!
By Wolfgang at Wed, 2004/02/04 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
What RPMs you used for installation? Fedora's? I would like to run 3.2 on my RH9 comps, but I see no RH9 RPMs.
By Tomislav Sajdl at Fri, 2004/02/06 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
Yes, I used the Fedora RPMs. Installing KDE 3.2 with the Fedora RPMS was working well without any problems. And it runs fine (and fast!).
By Wolfgang at Fri, 2004/02/06 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
Afaik it was a known Qt issue which has been fixed in KDE's Qt copy and the patch had been sent to Trolltech already. There were several bug reports about it but I can't find them right now.
By Datschge at Fri, 2004/02/06 - 6:00am
Re: I got the same problem
mouse doesn't work well,
sometimes, I need to click a application icon several times on the kicker to launch or maximum it, very very frustrating, I am thinking about going back to gnome, but still struggling, hope I could fix it, haven't been using gnome form years...
I use fedora core 1.
By Mudong at Thu, 2004/02/12 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
Arghhh! I've got the same problem as well. But it's not just the Menu, it's also happening in the panel. Mouse clicking sometimes (in fact most of the time), doesn't work right.
The weird thing is this. I had the same problem with the first Beta. And then, when I installed the RC, the problem went away. I figured "Yay.. this is fixed..."
Now, I've installed 3.2.. and the problem is back. It's very frustrating. Anyone can help?
Thank you!
By Laura at Thu, 2004/02/12 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
>Anyone can help?
I solved the problem as follows:
By Wolfgang at Thu, 2004/02/12 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
Wow! That worked just spiffy. Who'd a thunk it? Thank you very much, Wolfgang.
Your English was just fine. Only difference is "Miniprogram" = "Applet"
I wish I knew German :)
Now I am no longer frustrated. I really appreciate you posting your solution. Weird solution though, huh?
By Laura at Thu, 2004/02/12 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
It is possible the problem will be also gone if you use standalone Klipper (i.e. not applet). See also http://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=74487 .
By Luboš Luňák at Fri, 2004/02/13 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
Thank you!
By Vaclav at Wed, 2004/03/03 - 6:00am
Re: Mouse problem
Thanks for the suggestion, this has been driving me mad - all fixed now!
Really strange the way you can put Klipper back again afterwards and it's OK.
Ah well, we have a saying, "Never look a gift horse in the mouth" which means: if it's good - don't ask!
By Peter Salisbury at Fri, 2004/03/26 - 6:00am
I am having problem with the mouse too
i have a problem with mouse, it does not work properly especially when i want to click on the address book in my email. if i click on insert address from email address book it will just show GREEN EXCLAIMATION MARK.. why is it so.. and what should i do to make it working again like it used to be???this ia happen too when i want to click on some other link page.. the GREEN eclaimation mark will show out.. but before this it is just perfect.. but not now.. can someone help me??? thanks..
By aniki at Tue, 2005/01/25 - 6:00am
KDE Review
Nice KDE 3.2 review at: Fedora News.Org
Thanks to all the devs./others - looking forawrd to the next release :)
By anon at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Konquer always opens mpeg links with Kaboodle?
Just installed KDE 3.2 (on Gentoo). The only problem I've noticed is that Konquerer (web browser) always opens mpeg links using Kaboodle embedded in a new browser window. It seems to totally ignore the file associations I set using the control panel (or going to Configure Konqueror in the settings menu). I also can't stop it from opening Kaboodle in a new browser window.
Here is the weird part... the mpeg file associations work perfectly when using Konqueror as a file manager.
Anyone else have this problem?
By Rimmer at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: Konquer always opens mpeg links with Kaboodle?
Did you change the file associations in the embedded tab as well?
By rinse at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: Konquer always opens mpeg links with Kaboodle?
I went into the embedded tab and changed to "Show file in seperate viewer."
However, it still insists on using Kaboodle embedded in a new browser window. Oh btw... the movie never actually opens (hence my desire to change to something else).
By Rimmer at Thu, 2004/02/05 - 6:00am
Re: Konquer always opens mpeg links with Kaboodle?
Did you remove kaboodle from the list of embedded players?
By rinse at Fri, 2004/02/06 - 6:00am


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This property Closed on 05/10/17
Close Price: $199,000
Original Listing Price: $199,000
List Date: 03/24/17
Charming and bright bungalow with rocking chair front porch just 1.5 miles from downtown Hendersonville. Completely remodeled in 2005, including the addition of master bedroom suite and screened porch, as well as new wiring, heat pump, plumbing and septic system. New kitchen appliances, vinyl siding and metal roof installed in 2006. Situated in the center of a flat .49 acre lot, ready for whatever addition your heart desires. So much potential, just waiting for you!
Listed by Susan Barnes at Biltmore Park
Directions: From Asheville, 25S to right on Kanuga, approx 1.5 miles right on Newton Place. House will be on your left.
Disclaimer: The map service includes search results such as listings and related information provided by third parties. Beverly-Hanks makes no representations or warranties regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information provided by these third parties.
Hendersonville, long known for its historic charms, is blooming into the future. The town (population 12,000) is the largest in Henderson County and is the county seat.
Quick Link: Hendersonville Homes and Land for Sale
In recent years, Hendersonville has revitalized its local business scene and advanced its reputation as a place that offers something for just about everyone. by an by...Read More
Hendersonville, long known for its historic charms, is blooming into the future. The town (population 12,000) is the largest in Henderson County and is the county seat.
Quick Link: Hendersonville Homes and Land for Sale
In recent years, Hendersonville has revitalized its local business scene and advanced its reputation as a place that offers something for just about everyone. Distinguished by an almost perfect climate, beautiful surroundings, and recreational variety—and surrounded by a sea of majestic mountains!—Hendersonville is known as the City of Four Seasons. A place where you can be as active or idle as you wish, Hendersonville has attracted hundreds of families looking for a gentle climate, beautiful scenery, ample recreational facilities, and friendly people.
Quick Link: Find a Hendersonville Real Estate Professional
Beverly-Hanks has an office conveniently located on Main Street in Hendersonville. If you're searching for homes and land in Hendersonville, our expert real estate agents are available to help. Your Beverly-Hanks & Associates REALTOR® is backed by an outstanding support staff and committed to the highest standards of customer service.
Find the homes in Hendersonville that allow you to Live the Life You Choose. Click below to search Hendersonville real estate for your ideal listings.
There is also a Beverly-Hanks real estate office in Champion Hills, a private golf community just 5 minutes from Hendersonville. Click here to learn more about Champion Hills.
Quick Link: Hendersonville Market Information
For home mortgage services through Beverly-Hanks & Associates, visit our Mortgage Services office in downtown Asheville, NC.
Hendersonville is recognized locally, regionally, and nationally as a great place to live and learn. Here are just a few of Hendersonville's most recent accolades:
Hendersonville is located about half an hour south of Asheville, NC at the intersection of Interstate 26 and Highway 64. Nearby are Henderson County schools (elementary, middle, and high school) and Blue Ridge Community College. The town is also conveniently located within minutes Pardee Hospital, which is managed by UNC Health Care and is the first and only hospital in North Carolina to be accredited with the International Organization for Standardization for quality health care standards. The Blue Ridge Parkway, a sightseer's and cyclist's haven, is within a short drive, as is Pisgah National Forest. Hendersonville has many attractions of its own, but is also just a short drive from the Asheville Outlet Mall and all the amenities of downtown Asheville, Biltmore Village, or Biltmore Park.
Asheville Regional Airport: 16 minutes
Biltmore Park Town Square: 19 minutes
Downtown Asheville: 30 minutes
Brevard: 30 minutes
Lake Lure: 33 minutes
Downtown Waynesville: 48 minutes
Greenville, SC: 50 minutes
Spartanburg, SC: 51 minutes
With a diverse population of people of all ages and from all walks of life, Henderson County (pop. 106,000) is the perfect location for enjoying life. Henderson County is a county in North Carolina's mountain region, but is characterized by an extensive plateau along the French Broad and Mills River valleys. Henderson County currently has five incorporated towns/cities: Flat Rock, Fletcher, Hendersonville, Laurel Park, and Mills River. Of these, only Hendersonville, the county seat, possesses the typical characteristics of a dense urban center with significant population.
Hendersonville is the county seat of Henderson County, NC. Hendersonville residents pay both city and Henderson County property taxes, as totaled below. Tax rates are per $100 of assessed valuation.
Henderson County: $ 0.5136
Hendersonville: $ 0.9536
Main Street, Hendersonville: $ 1.2336
Seventh Ave, Hendersonville: $ 1.0736
Hendersonville is a vibrant town with an active core. Read about recent news, events, and real estate market updates for the area on the Beverly-Hanks blog.
Beverly-HanksBiltmore Park
Email: [email protected]
Office: (828) 681-2054
Direct: (828) 231-0231


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AUD is a spectrum of alcohol-related issues that include alcohol misuse, abuse, and dependency. It is not solely characterized by the amount of alcohol that is consumed, but rather the effects drinking habits have on social, physical, and mental health.
AUD includes:
- Binge drinking—The most common pattern of misuse in the US. Personal harm, and unintended injury and death are the most common problems associated with binge drinking. Despite its dangers, binge drinking typically does not lead to abuse or dependence.
- Alcohol abuse—A pattern of drinking that continues even though it affects relationships, jobs, or family life.
- Alcohol dependence—Marked by cravings to drink. These cravings may be accompanied by withdrawal symptoms when drinking is stopped.
AUD can have lasting effects on individuals, families, and society. Uncontrolled, AUD can also lead to legal troubles and serious health complications.
The specific cause of AUD is unknown. It often develops because of a complex combination of factors such as:
- Genetics
- Family history
- Altered brain chemistry that affects how alcohol is processed by the body
- Problem drinking behaviors learned from family and friends
- Mood and anxiety disorders
- Peer and social pressures
- Emotional stress
- Pain
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Adrian Preda, MD
- Review Date: 03/2018 -
- Update Date: 04/09/2015 -


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Principal Proposed Uses
Other Proposed Uses
- Altitude Sickness
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Cancer Prevention
- Cancer Treatment
- Diabetes
- Enhancing Mental Function
- High Blood Pressure
- Immune Support
- Insomnia
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Ulcers
- Viral Infections
The tree fungus known as reishi has a long history of use in China and Japan as a semi-magical healing herb. More revered than ginseng and, up until recently, more rare, many stories tell of people with severe illnesses journeying immense distances to find it. Presently, reishi is artificially cultivated and widely available in stores that sell herb products.
What Is Reishi Used for Today?
Reishi (like its fungi "cousins" maitake , Coriolus versicolor , and shiitake ) is marketed as a kind of cure-all, said to strengthen immunity , help prevent cancer , and also possibly treat cancer as well. It is also said to be useful for autoimmune diseases (such as myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis ), viral infections, high blood pressure , diabetes , enhancing mental function , altitude sickness , ulcers , and insomnia . However, while there has been a great deal of basic scientific research into the chemical constituents of reishi, reliable double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are all but nonexistent. (For information on why such studies are essential, see Why Does This Database Rely on Double-blind Studies? )
For example test tube studies indicate that reishi has immunomodulatory effects. 1-5 This means that reishi may affect the immune system, but not necessarily that it strengthens it. (Alternative medicine proponents often blur the difference between these two ideas.) However, one, small, double-blind, placebo-controlled human trial failed to find any significant immunomodulatory effects. 23 Other weak evidence hints that reishi may have chemopreventive properties, suggesting that it may help prevent cancer. 4,6-12 However, a great many substances fight cancer in the test tube, while few actually help people with the disease.
Other highly preliminary forms of evidence suggest that reishi may have antiviral effects 13-19 and possibly antibacterial effects as well. 20 However, it is a long way from studies of this type to meaningful clinical uses.
Contemporary herbalists regard reishi as an adaptogen, a substance believed to be capable of helping the body resist stress of all kinds. (For more information on adaptogens, see the article on Ginseng .) However, there is no meaningful evidence to support this claim.
One questionable double-blind study performed in China reportedly found reishi helpful for neurasthenia. The term neurasthenia is seldom used in modern medicine; it generally indicates fatigue due to psychological causes. 22
The usual dosage of reishi is 2 g to 6 g per day of raw fungus, or an equivalent dosage of concentrated extract, taken with meals. In traditional Chinese medicine, reishi is often combined with related fungi, such as shiitake, hoelen, or polyporus. It is often taken continually for its presumed overall health benefits.
Safety Issues
Because it is used as food in Asia, reishi is generally regarded as safe. One small study evaluating the safety of reishi when taken at a dose of 2 g daily for 10 days failed to find any evidence of ill effects. 23 However, another study found indications that reishi impairs blood clotting. 21 For this reason, prudence suggests that individuals with bleeding problems should avoid reishi; the herb should also be avoided in the period just before and after surgery or labor and delivery. Furthermore, individuals taking medications that impair blood clotting, such as aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, clopidogrel (Plavix ), pentoxifylline (Trental ), or ticlopidine (Ticlid), should only use reishi under a doctor's supervision.
Safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
Interactions You Should Know About
If you are taking blood-thinning medications, such as aspirin , warfarin ( Coumadin ), heparin , clopidogrel ( Plavix ), pentoxifylline (Trental), or ticlopidine (Ticlid), use reishi only under a doctor's supervision.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


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DollMania has a ton of girls games for you to play! DOLLMANIA.COM
Our girls games are FREE. You need to install flash to play those games. We add new games almost daily so come back often to check out the new dress up games and cooking games!
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Game Calling
Calling is an effective technique for most animals. There are a variety of sounds that can be imitated to draw game to you.
- Territorial sounds: Deer "rattling," elk "bugle," or a turkey "gobble"
- Feeding sounds: A duck's feeding "chuckle"
- Distress sounds: Inviting coyotes, bobcats, or foxes to feed


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Christmas light displays for Narre Warren, Melbourne, VIC, 3805
This site is now closed and there will be no new listings appearing. We are no longer able to maintain the site. Thank you for all the Christmas Light listings and support of the site we have received over the years. We hope you have enjoyed viewing all the Christmas Lights.


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Alabama Counties: Conecuh County
Click-on the map to get a detailed image of the county
Provided by Alabama Maps
Owen, Thomas McAdory. History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography. Chicago: S. J. Clarke Publishing Co., 1921.
Return to Alabama Counties
Return to Alabama History On-Line
Updated: February 6, 2014


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This calendar is composed of outreach events related to agricultural management practices that align with FREP's mission. To add an outreach event, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Categories
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gold sequin bridesmaid dresses long
Have not yet come up with a more feminine outfit than a dress. But many women often refuse from this wardrobe: The figure is not the same, It is more convenient to wander around in the city in trousers, No reason … And its very vain, because only in a dress you can feel all your female power. In 2018, along with ultramini in fashion, beautiful gold sequin bridesmaid dresses long just above the ankles or in the floor. They are both simple and unrealistic.
The Dignity of a gold sequin bridesmaid dresses long
The main advantage of a gold sequin bridesmaid dresses long is that it makes a young lady reserved for sex. This is not a provocative mini, with which it is very easy to overdo it and expose yourself in a disadvantageous defiant and vulgar light, but it is the style that allows you to emphasize femininity in all its glory.
In addition, a gold sequin bridesmaid dresses long ideally hides any shortcomings of the female silhouette, whether it is crooked legs, too rounded belly, ugly thighs or excessive leanness. This style is ideal for a very young person or a young lady in the prime of life, and for a very respectable woman. The only thing you can not guess, so it is with the cut of the dress, but the tips from this article will avoid any problems.
Who will suit a gold sequin bridesmaid dresses long
The first thing you should pay attention to when choosing your own maxi is the features of the figure.
Do not forget about your own color.


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The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (commonly known as Rhode Island) is geographically the smallest state in the United States, and the state with the longest official name. Rhode (pronounced "Road") Island is part of the New England region, and was one of the thirteen original American colonies that declared independence against British rule to begin the American Revolution.
JanuaryJan 1 New Year's Day Jan 13 Stephen Foster Memorial Day Jan 20 Martin Luther King Day Jan 29 Kansas Day Jan 31 Chinese New Year
FebruaryFeb 1 National Freedom Day Feb 2 Groundhog Day Feb 14 Valentine's Day Feb 17 Presidents' Day
MarchMar 1 St. David's Day Mar 3 Read Across America Day Mar 4 Shrove Tuesday/Mardi Gras Mar 17 St. Patrick's Day Mar 20 March equinox
AprilApr 6 National Tartan Day Apr 13 Thomas Jefferson's Birthday Apr 15 Tax Day Apr 20 Easter Sunday Apr 23 Administrative Professionals Day
MayMay 1 Law Day May 1 Loyalty Day May 1 National Day of Prayer May 5 Cinco de Mayo May 6 National Nurses Day May 11 Mothers' Day May 15 Peace Officers Memorial Day May 16 National Defense Transportation Day May 17 Armed Forces Day May 21 Emergency Medical Services for Children Day May 22 Harvey Milk Day (California) May 22 National Maritime Day May 25 National Missing Children's Day May 26 Memorial Day May 26 Jefferson Davis Birthday (Mississippi)
JuneJun 3 Jefferson Davis Birthday (Florida) Jun 6 D-Day Jun 14 Flag Day Jun 15 Fathers' Day Jun 21 June Solstice
JulyJul 4 Independence Day Jul 27 Parents' Day
AugustAug 19 National Aviation Day Aug 21 Senior Citizens Day
SeptemberSep 1 Labor Day Sep 6 Carl Garner Federal Lands Cleanup Day Sep 7 National Grandparents Day Sep 11 Patriot Day Sep 17 Constitution Day and Citizenship Day Sep 19 National POW/MIA Recognition Day Sep 22 September equinox Sep 28 Gold Star Mother's Day
OctoberOct 6 Child Health Day Oct 9 Leif Erikson Day Oct 13 Columbus Day (Most regions) Oct 15 White Cane Safety Day Oct 16 Boss's Day Oct 23 Diwali/Deepavali Oct 31 Halloween
NovemberNov 11 Veterans Day Nov 27 Thanksgiving Day
DecemberDec 1 Cyber Monday Dec 6 St Nicholas' Day Dec 7 Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Dec 12 Feast of Our Lady of Guadalupe Dec 17 Wright Brothers Day Dec 17 Pan American Aviation Day Dec 21 December Solstice Dec 25 Christmas Day Dec 26 Kwanzaa (until Jan 1) Dec 31 New Year's Eve


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Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
Herbs and Supplements to Avoid
Modern life is stressful, and tension headaches are one result of that stress. People with such headaches often describe a sensation like a tight band around the head; this band may in fact exist as a contracted muscle. Other characteristics of tension headache include aching, dull, or throbbing pain, usually concentrated in the forehead, temples, or base of the skull. Symptoms may overlap those of migraine , cluster , or sinus headaches, and medical advice may be necessary to distinguish between them.
Medical treatment for tension headaches generally involves the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and possibly muscle relaxants. Physicians may also recommend physical therapy techniques in hopes of addressing the causes of tension headaches, such as muscle tension in the neck or jaw.
Principal Proposed Natural Treatments
Both acupuncture and chiropractic have undergone significant evaluation as treatments for tension headaches.
Placebo-controlled studies of acupuncture for tension headaches have yielded mixed results. One study compared six sessions of traditional acupuncture against sham acupuncture in 18 people with chronic tension headache. 1 The real treatment caused a 31% reduction in pain and was found to be significantly more effective than placebo. And, a study of 29 students suffering from various types of headaches found that a single acupuncture treatment decreased the number of days during which headaches occurred, as well as total use of medications. 2 A statistically insignificant reduction in the number of days of attacks was seen in the placebo group. Another small study, which involved 40 people with chronic daily headache, found that acupuncture point injections with Cathami-Semen (safflower seed) twice weekly for 4 weeks resulted in a 33% increase in headache-free days compared to the control group (that received regular saline acupuncture). 44
Another study enrolled 43 children with headaches ( migraine or tension) and compared laser acupuncture against placebo laser acupuncture. 37 An individualized treatment approach based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine was used. The results indicated that use of real laser acupuncture was statistically more effective than placebo acupuncture. And, in a very large randomized trial involving 3,182 headache patients, the group that received 15 individualized acupuncture sessions over 3 months experienced significantly fewer headache days and less pain compared to the group receiving usual care. 40 However, despite its large size and positive results, this study did not include a placebo group.
On the negative side, a study of 39 participants with tension headache found no convincing evidence that acupuncture was helpful. 3 In addition, a single-blind study of 50 participants with tension headache found that a special brief-acupuncture style given once a week for 6 weeks did not reduce headache frequency. 4 Several other trials also failed to find evidence of benefit with various forms of acupuncture. 57,35-36 And, in a 2008 analysis of 5 randomized controlled trials that were considered highest in quality, researchers determined that real acupuncture has limited effectiveness over sham acupuncture for tension headache. 38 While it is clear that many headache patients benefit from acupuncture, at present it is unclear whether or not this represents more than a placebo effect.
A review of 9 randomized controlled trials studying patients with migraine and tension headache found that acupuncture decreased pain compared to sham or no acupuncture. The results are more positive than negative, but the quality of the studies was undetermined. 48 Similar results were found in a review of 12 randomized trials of 2,349 patients with periodic or chronic tension headache. Acupuncture compared to sham acupuncture and usual care was associated with marginally improved response rates and fewer headache days.50
For more information on this method, see the full acupuncture article.
Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation
Neck tension can cause tension and pain in the head. Such "cervicogenic headaches" overlap closely with tension headaches. Chiropractic spinal manipulation has shown some promise for these conditions, but the evidence is incomplete and somewhat contradictory.
In a controlled trial of 150 participants, investigators compared spinal manipulation to the drug amitriptyline for the treatment of chronic tension-type headaches. 8 By the end of the 6-week treatment period, participants in both groups had improved similarly. However, 4 weeks after treatment was stopped, people who had received spinal manipulation showed statistically significantly better reduction in headache intensity and frequency and used fewer over-the-counter medications than those who had used the amitriptyline.
In another positive trial, 53 participants with cervicogenic headaches received chiropractic spinal manipulation or laser acupuncture plus massage. 9 Chiropractic manipulation was more effective.
However, a similar study of 75 participants with recurrent tension headaches found no difference between the two groups. 10 Other, smaller studies of spinal manipulation have been reported as well, with mixed results. 11
In a more recent controlled trial, 200 people with cervicogenic headaches were randomly assigned to receive one of four therapies: manipulation, a special exercise technique, exercise plus manipulation, or no therapy. 12 Each participant received at least eight to 12 treatments over a period of 6 weeks.
A review of 5 randomized trials with 348 patients found that spinal manipulation was more effective than medication ( amitriptyline ), manipulation with placebo, sham manipulation with placebo, standard treatment, or no treatment. However, there was no significant difference in headache pain or intensity when comparing spinal manipulation to soft tissue therapy with placebo laser. 47
Many approaches produced better results than no treatment, and approximately the same effect as each other. While these results may sound promising, in fact they prove nothing at all, since any treatment whatsoever will generally produce better results than no treatment due to the power of suggestion. Ordinarily, researchers get around this problem by using double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (For more information on this important subject, see Why Does This Database Rely on Double-blind Studies? ) While it isn't possible to do a truly double-blind trial of chiropractic, the better trials noted previously used a form of placebo treatment, making them more reliable than this one.
For more information on this method, see the full chiropractic article.
Other Proposed Natural Treatments
A number of other alternative treatments have undergone some evaluation for their usefulness in the treatment of tension headaches.
Several techniques in the category of body-mind medicine have shown promise for the treatment of tension headaches. These include hypnosis , biofeedback , and relaxation therapies . 13-25,34,39,41 For example, a randomized trial found evidence to support the use of relaxation therapy in improving sleep and well-being in people with tension headaches. 45
A careful review of multiple controlled studies found that biofeedback is useful for tension headaches, particularly when combined with other relaxation therapies. 42 Another review of 20 control trials found psychological interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback, relaxation and coping strategies, to be associated with reduced chronic headache or migraine pain in 589 children. These treatments were compared to placebo, standard treatment, waiting list control, or other active treatments. 43
A topical ointment known as Tiger Balm® is a popular remedy for headaches, muscle pain, and other conditions. Tiger Balm contains the aromatic substances camphor, menthol, cajaput, and clove oil, making it a form of aromatherapy . A double-blind study enrolling 57 people with acute tension headache compared Tiger Balm (applied to the forehead) against placebo ointment, as well as against the drug acetaminophen (Tylenol). 26 The placebo ointment contained mint essence to make it smell similarly to Tiger Balm. Real Tiger Balm proved more effective than placebo. In addition, it was just as effective as acetaminophen, and more rapid acting.
Another form of aromatherapy, peppermint oil applied to the forehead, has also shown promise, but current studies remain highly preliminary. 27,28
Therapeutic touch (TT) is a form of "energy healing" popular in the American nursing community. In a blinded study, 60 participants with tension headaches were randomly assigned to receive either therapeutic touch or a placebo form of the therapy. 29 The true therapy proved to be more effective than placebo.
A study of 28 people with tension headaches compared one session of osteopathic manipulation to two forms of sham treatment and found evidence that real treatment provided a greater improvement in headache pain. 30 Another small randomized trial with 63 patients compared two myofascial release techniques to a control group. Myofascial release treatments resulted in fewer headaches for the 4-week trial period compared to the control group. 46 Similar results were found in a randomized trial including 62 people with tension headache who were randomized to myofascial head and neck massages, ultrasound, or waitlist. Those receiving massage reported fewer headaches than those that received ultrasound or were on waitlist. 49
Prolotherapy , massage , and reflexology (a special form of massage) have all been recommended for the treatment of tension headaches, but there is little evidence to support their use.
The herb butterbur is thought to have antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory properties, making it potentially useful for tension headaches. 31,32
The supplement 5-HTP has shown some promise for migraine headaches. However, an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 65 people with tension headaches found that 5-HTP did not significantly reduce the number of headaches experienced. 33 It did, however, reduce participants' need to use other pain-relieving medications.
Herbs and Supplements to Avoid
The herb kava is sometimes suggested as a muscle relaxant and stress reducer. However, there is no meaningful evidence that kava is effective for tension headaches (or any form of muscle tension), and it has been taken off the market in many countries for safety reasons: its use has been linked with severe liver damage.
Finally, numerous herbs and supplements may interact adversely with prescription drugs used to treat tension headaches. For more information on this potential risk, see the individual drug articles in the Drug Interactions section of this database.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 10/14/2016 -


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Rx for Wx
A version of this article appears in the May/June 2013 issue of Home Energy Magazine.
April 28, 2013
How the Pike County, Ohio, Weatherization (Wx) Program maintained success post-ARRA
Some folks don't try to read the writing on the wall until their backs are against it. That's especially true in the current world of DOE's Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP). This redneck would like to share a few thoughts on how we, the Community Action Committee (CAC) of Pike County, Ohio, anticipated the problems that may be coming down the pike (no pun intended) at the end of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funding.
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Dimitrova Agency Jobs
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