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Principal Proposed Uses
Other Proposed Uses
Probably Ineffective Uses
There are three different herbs commonly called ginseng: Asian or Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) , American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) , and Siberian "ginseng" ( Eleutherococcus senticosus ) . The latter herb is actually not ginseng at all and is discussed in a separate article .
Asian ginseng is a perennial herb with a taproot resembling the shape of the human body. It grows in northern China, Korea, and Russia; its close relative, Panax quinquefolius , is cultivated in the United States. Because ginseng must be grown for 5 years before it is harvested, it commands a high price, with top-quality roots easily selling for more than $10,000. Dried, unprocessed ginseng root is called white ginseng, and steamed, heat-dried root is red ginseng. Chinese herbalists believe that each form has its own particular benefits.
Ginseng is widely regarded by the public as a stimulant. According to everyone who uses it seriously, though, that isn't the right description. In traditional Chinese herbology, Panax ginseng was used to strengthen the digestion and the lungs, calm the spirit, and increase overall energy. When the Russian scientist Israel I. Brekhman became interested in the herb prior to World War II, he came up with a new idea about ginseng: He decided that it was an adaptogen .
The term adaptogen refers to a hypothetical treatment described as follows: An adaptogen should help the body adapt to stresses of various kinds, whether heat, cold, exertion, trauma, sleep deprivation, toxic exposure, radiation, infection, or psychological stress. Furthermore, an adaptogen should cause no side effects, be effective in treating a wide variety of illnesses, and help return an organism toward balance no matter what may have gone wrong.
Perhaps the only indisputable example of an adaptogen is a healthful lifestyle. By eating right, exercising regularly, and generally living a life of balance and moderation, you will increase your physical fitness and ability to resist illnesses of all types. Whether there are any substances that can do as much remains unclear. However, Brekhman felt certain that ginseng produced similarly universal benefits.
Interestingly, traditional Chinese medicine (where ginseng comes from) does not entirely agree. There is no one-size-fits-all in Chinese medical theory. Like any other herb, ginseng is said to be helpful for those people who need its particular effects, and neutral or harmful for others. But in Europe, Brekhman's concept has taken hold, and ginseng is widely believed to be a universal adaptogen.
What Is Ginseng Used for Today?
If Brekhman is right, ginseng should be the right treatment for most of us. Modern life is tremendously stressful, and if an herb could help us withstand it, it would be a useful herb indeed. Ginseng is widely used for this purpose in Russia and Eastern Europe. However, the scientific basis for this use is largely limited to animal studies and human trials of unacceptably low quality.
There have been a few better-quality studies of various forms of ginseng for certain more specific purposes—strengthening immunity against colds and flus and other infections (including herpes ), helping to control diabetes , stimulating the mind , increasing a general sense of well-being , and improving physical performance capacity —and some of these have found positive results. (See What is the Scientific Evidence for Ginseng? )
The active ingredients in ginseng are believed to be substances known as ginsenosides. Ginseng low in ginsenosides may not be effective. However, different ginsenosides appear to have differing actions, and the exact mixture of the ginsenosides in a given ginseng product may play a large role in its efficacy.
Two preliminary studies suggest that Korean red ginseng may have some benefits for impotence (erectile dysfunction). 73,77
A poorly designed study using an untreated control group found indications that Panax ginseng might improve sperm count and motility, thereby enhancing male fertility . 65
Highly preliminary evidence suggests that Panax quinquefolius might help breast cancer chemotherapy drugs work better. 4Panax ginseng is also said to help prevent cancer2,47,106 and fight chemical dependency, 3 but the scientific evidence for these uses is minimal at best.
One study failed to find Panax ginseng helpful for menopausal symptoms . 5
What Is the Scientific Evidence for Ginseng?
Adaptogenic Effects
Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of oral Panax ginseng on animals under conditions of extreme stress . The results suggest that ginseng increases physical endurance and causes physiological changes that may help the body adapt to adverse conditions. 6,7,9-12 In addition, studies in mice found that consuming Panax ginseng before exposure to a virus significantly increased the survival rate and the number of antibodies produced. 13,14 However, most of these studies fall far beneath modern scientific standards.
Cold and Flus
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 323 people found meaningful evidence that an extract of American ginseng taken at 400 mg daily may help prevent the common cold . 95 Participants who used the extract over 4 months experienced a reduced number of colds as compared to those taking the placebo. Comparative benefits were also seen regarding the percentage of participants who developed two or more colds, and the severity and duration of cold symptoms that did develop. Similar benefits were also seen in a study of 43 people. 96
In addition, two double-blind, placebo-controlled studies indicate that Panax quinquefolius may be able to prevent flu-like illness in seniors. 85
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study suggests that Panax ginseng can also help prevent flu-like illnesses. 15 This trial enrolled 227 participants at three medical offices in Milan, Italy. Half were given ginseng at a dosage of 100 mg daily, the other half placebo. Four weeks into the study, all participants received influenza vaccine. The results showed a significant decline in the frequency of colds and flus in the treated group compared to the placebo group (15 versus 42 cases). Also, antibody measurements in response to the vaccination rose higher in the treated group than in the placebo group.
On a much more theoretical level, two other studies found evidence that Panax ginseng increases the number of immune cells in the blood, 16,17 while a third study did not find this effect. 18 (In any case, measuring changes in the number of immune cells is not a reliable method of demonstrating immune-enhancement.)
A nonblinded pilot study provides weak evidence that Panax ginseng might be helpful in chronic bronchitis . 66
In preliminary double-blind studies performed by a single research group, use of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) appeared to improve blood sugar control. 21,22
In some but not all studies, the same researchers reported potential benefit with Korean red ginseng as well. 87,97,102
A different research group tested ordinary Panax ginseng and claimed to find it effective. 20 However, this study was somewhat substandard in both its design and reporting. In other studies (conducted by the research group mentioned in the previous paragraph), ordinary Panax ginseng seemed to worsen blood sugar control rather than improve it, 98-99 while yet another group found benefits. 104 It appears possible that certain ginsenosides (found in high concentrations in some American ginseng products) may lower blood sugar, while others (found in high concentration in some Panax ginseng products) may raise it. It has been suggested that since the actions of these various constituents are not well defined at this time, ginseng should not be used to treat diabetes until more is known. 100
Mental Function
Several studies have found indications that Panax ginseng might enhance mental function . However, the specific benefits seen have varied considerably from trial to trial, tending to make the actual cognitive effects of ginseng (if there are any) difficult to discern.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that Panax ginseng can improve some aspects of mental function. 24 Over a period of 2 months, 112 healthy, middle-aged adults were given either ginseng or placebo. The results showed that ginseng improved abstract thinking ability. However, there was no significant change in reaction time, memory, concentration, or overall subjective experience between the two groups. Another double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 50 men found that 8-week treatment with a Panax ginseng extract improved ability in completion of a detail-oriented editing task. 25 Also, a double-blind trial of 16 healthy males found favorable changes in ability to perform mental arithmetic in those given Panax ginseng for 12 weeks. 26
More comprehensive benefits were seen in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 60 elderly people. Researchers found that 50 or 100 days of treatment with Panax ginseng produced improvements in numerous measures of mental function, including memory, attention, concentration, and ability to cope. 27 Benefits were still evident at the 50-day follow-up. However, virtually no improvement was seen in the placebo group, a result that is highly unusual and raises doubts about the accuracy of the study.
Not all of the studies are positive, though. A systematic review of 8 randomized, placebo-controlled trials found that ginseng did not improve cognitive function in healthy adults. 107
The combination of ginseng with ginkgo has also been investigated. Four double-blind, placebo-controlled trials found inconsistent evidence of improved mental function for this herbal mixture. 28,78,79,108
American ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) has also been studied for its potential ability to improve cognitive function. In a randomized, preliminary study involving 32 healthy young adults, researchers found that those who took Cereboost, a standardized extract of P. quinquefolius , showed improvement in their working memory. 109 This improvement was seen at all dosing levels (100 mg, 200 mg, and 400 mg) and at all testing times, which were done at 1 hour, 3 hours, and 6 hours after giving the Cereboost. This offers a hint of some benefit, but it is far from conclusive.
Sports Performance
The evidence for Panax ginseng as a sports supplement is mixed at best. An 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of Panax ginseng with and without exercise in 41 individuals. 30 The participants were given either ginseng or placebo, and then underwent exercise training or remained untrained throughout the study. The results showed that ginseng improved aerobic capacity in individuals who did not exercise, but offered no benefit in those who did exercise. In a 9-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 30 highly trained athletes, treatment with Panax ginseng alone or in combination with vitamin E produced significant improvements in aerobic capacity. 31 Another double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 37 individuals also found some benefit. 32
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 120 people found that Panax ginseng gradually improved reaction time and lung function over a 12-week treatment period among those 40 to 60 years old. 33 No benefits were seen in younger individuals.
However, numerous studies have failed to find Panax ginseng effective. For example, an 8-week, double-blind trial that followed 60 healthy men in their 20s found no evidence of ergogenic benefit. 105 Many other small trials of Panax ginseng also failed to find evidence of benefit. 34-40,72,74,81
General Well-being
A double-blind study compared the effects of a nutritional supplement with and without Panax ginseng extract on the feeling of well-being in 625 people whose average age was just under 40 years old. 43 Quality of life was measured by a set of 11 questions. People taking the ginseng-containing supplement reported significant improvement compared to those taking the non-ginseng supplement (the control group). Similar findings were reported in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 36 people newly diagnosed with diabetes. 44 After 8 weeks, participants who had been taking 200 mg of ginseng daily reported improvements in mood, well-being, vigor, and psychophysical performance that were significant compared to the reports of control participants.
A 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 120 people found improvement in general well-being among women aged 30 to 60 years and men aged 40 to 60 years, but not among men aged 30 to 39 years. 45
However, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 30 young people found marginal benefits at 4 weeks, and no significant benefits at 8 weeks. 75 Similarly, a 60-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 83 adults in their mid-20s found no effect on mood or psychological well-being. 46
Impotence (Erectile Dysfunction)
Two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, involving a total of about 135 people, have found evidence that Korean red ginseng may improve erectile function . 13,80 In the better of the two trials, 45 participants received either placebo or Korean red ginseng at a dose of 900 mg 3 times daily for 8 weeks. 80 The results indicate that while using Korean red ginseng men experienced significantly better sexual function than while they were taking placebo
In an analysis combining the results of 6 controlled trials, researchers found some evidence for the benefits of Korean red ginseng. However, the small size and generally low quality of the studies left some doubts about this conclusion. 106
A double-blind study of 53 people undergoing cancer treatment found equivocal evidence of benefit with a special form of ginseng modified to contain higher levels of certain constituents. 103
An observational study on ginseng and cancer prevention has been widely publicized, but a close look at the data arouses serious suspicions. This study was performed in South Korea and followed a total of 4,587 men and women aged 39 years and older from 1987 to 1991. 47 People who regularly consumed Panax ginseng were compared with otherwise similar individuals (matched in sex, age, alcohol use, smoking, and education and economic status) who did not.
The reported results were impressive. Those who used ginseng showed a 60% decrease in risk of death from cancer. Lung cancer and gastric cancer were particularly reduced. The more ginseng consumed, the greater the effect. However, there is something a bit fishy about this study. Use of ginseng fewer than 3 times per year caused a 54% reduction in risk. It is difficult to believe that so occasional a use of ginseng could reduce cancer mortality by more than half!
A study involving 643 people with chronic atrophic gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining) also focused on the possible cancer-preventing effects of ginseng. 113 The subjects were randomized to receive red ginseng extract powder (1 gram/week) or a placebo for 3 years and then followed for another 8 years. While ginseng was not associated with an overall reduction of cancer rates, the herb did seem to lower the risk in a subgroup consisting of only men.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 384 women experiencing menopausal symptoms found no significant benefit with Panax ginseng and no evidence of hormonal effects. 48 However, a small double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial found that Korean red ginseng (3 g daily) improved sexual arousal in 28 menopausal women (average age 51 years old). 110
Raynaud's Phenomenon
Raynaud's phenomenon is a condition in which the fingers and toes show an exaggerated sensitivity to cold. Classic cases show a characteristic white, blue, and red color sequence as the digits lose blood supply and then rewarm. Panax ginseng was found to increase skin temperature and reduce the severity of cold sensitivity compared to placebo in a randomized trial of 80 females. Skin temperature showed increases in the arm, palm, and foot.114
The typical recommended daily dosage of Panax ginseng is 1 g to 2 g of raw herb, or 200 mg daily of an extract standardized to contain 4% to 7% ginsenosides. In one study of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) for diabetes, the dose used was 3 g daily. 49
Note : There are dozens of ginsenosides in ginseng. Because different ginsenosides have different effects, two different ginseng products with similar total ginsenoside content will not necessarily have similar efficacy. Unfortunately, current scientific knowledge does not allow us at present to make informed recommendations on which specific ginsenosides are useful for which conditions.
Ordinarily, a 2- to 3-week period of using ginseng is recommended, followed by a 1- to 2-week "rest" period. Russian tradition suggests that ginseng should not be used by those under 40. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these recommendations.
Safety Issues
Ginseng appears to be nontoxic, both in the short- and long-term, according to the results of studies in mice, rats, chickens, and dwarf pigs. 52-55
Reported side effects are rare. There are a few case reports of breast tenderness, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, and menstrual abnormalities associated with Panax ginseng use. 67-71,110 Such side effects suggest that it has estrogenic properties. However, a large double-blind trial of Panax ginseng found no estrogen-like effects. 56 Another double-blind trial found no effects on estrogen or testosterone, 57 and a carefully designed test-tube study showed that ginseng is not estrogenic. 83 Therefore, it is possible that these apparent side effects were coincidental; another possibility is that adulterants in the ginseng product used caused the problem. Ginseng and other Asian herbal products have often been found to contain unlisted herbs and pharmaceuticals. 50,51,84
Estrogen itself stimulates the growth of breast cancer cells. Interestingly, in a test-tube study, Panax ginseng was again found to be non-estrogenic, and yet it nonetheless stimulated the growth of breast cancer cells. 76 Although the mechanism of this effect is not known, the results suggest that women who have had breast cancer should avoid using ginseng.
Unconfirmed reports suggest that highly excessive doses of Panax ginseng can cause insomnia, raise blood pressure, increase heart rate, and possibly cause other significant effects. Whether some of these cases were actually caused by caffeine mixed in with ginseng remains unclear. One double-blind study failed to find any effect on blood pressure. 101
One case report and one double-blind trial suggest that Panax ginseng can reduce the anti-coagulant effects of warfarin (Coumadin), 64,88 but other trials failed to find such an interaction. 89,111 The reason for this discrepancy is not clear, but prudence would suggest not combining ginseng and warfarin.
It is also thought that some herbs can affect platelet function, leading to excessive bleeding. This is an especially important concern if a patient is about to undergo surgery. In a very small trial involving 10 adults, researchers found that several herbs, including Panax ginseng, did not affect platelet function. 112
Two reports indicate that combination treatment with Panax ginseng and antidepressant drugs may result in a manic episode. 62,82
There are also theoretical concerns regarding use of ginseng by people with diabetes. If it is true, as the preliminary studies discussed above suggest, that ginseng can in fact reduce blood sugar levels, people with diabetes who take ginseng might need to reduce their dose of medication. On the other hand, if certain types of ginseng have the opposite effect (as researchers hypothesize), this could necessitate an increase in medication. The bottom line: people with diabetes should only use ginseng under physician supervision.
In 1979, an article was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association claiming that people can become addicted to Panax ginseng and develop blood pressure elevations, nervousness, sleeplessness, diarrhea, and hypersexuality. 58 However, this report has since been thoroughly discredited and should no longer be taken seriously. 59,60
Chinese tradition suggests that Panax ginseng should not be used by pregnant or nursing mothers, and one animal study hints that ginseng use by a pregnant mother could cause birth defects. 90 Safety in young children or people with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
Interactions You Should Know About
If you are taking:
- Antidepressants: Panax ginseng might cause manic episodes.
- Insulin or oral hypoglycemics : Various forms of ginseng may unpredictably alter your dosage need.
- Coumadin ( warfarin ): Panax ginseng might possibly decrease its effect.
- Influenza vaccine : Panax ginseng might help it work better.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 02/26/2016 -


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subset: commoncrawl


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Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare heart defect.
In a normal heart, the blood flows in from the body to the right atrium. It then goes into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. The blood travels to the lungs through the pulmonary valve to pick up fresh oxygen. Next, the blood returns to the left atrium, goes into the left ventricle, and goes out to the rest of the body.
With TAPVC, the pulmonary veins that return oxygenated blood from the lungs connect to the right side of the heart, instead of the left atrium. This leads to the mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. The body tissue does not receive as much oxygen as it is supposed to. TAPVC can be mild to severe. There can be a range of connection problems. Other heart problems may be present, as well.
TAPVC is a congenital defect. This means that the heart forms incorrectly when the baby is in the womb. It is not known exactly why the heart develops this way in some babies.
Risk Factors
More research is needed to confirm causes and risk factors for TAPVC. Risk factors thought to be related to this condition include:
- Family history of heart defects
- Having other heart defects
- Environmental exposures
You will be asked about your child's symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. An irregular heart rate may be detected during the exam.
Your child's bodily fluids may be tested. This can be done with blood tests.
Images may be taken of your child's bodily structures. This can be done with:
Your child's heart function may be tested. This can be done with:
Talk with the doctor about the best treatment plan for your child. Treatment options include:
Surgery is needed to correct the defect. It can range from a simple repair to a complex repair. If blood flow is obstructed, emergency surgery will need to be done. The goal of surgery is to reconnect the pulmonary veins to the left atrium.
Lifelong Monitoring
Your child will have regular exams from a heart specialist. Your child may also need antibiotics prior to medical or dental procedures. This is to prevent an infection in the heart.
Preventing fetal heart defects may not always be possible, but you can reduce your risk by:
- Visiting the doctor regularly to monitor your health and the health of the baby. Prenatal tests may detect a heart defect in a growing fetus.
- Having a healthy lifestyle
- Eating nutritious food and take prenatal vitamins
- Not drinking alcohol, smoking , or using drugs during pregnancy
- Practicing good hygiene and staying away from people who are sick
- Avoiding exposure to environmental toxins
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Kari Kassir, MD
- Review Date: 11/2018 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -


text:
Lawrence Le Doux
Currently announced to play at the following festivals:
Currently announced to play at the following festivals:
The crabhands app is a labour of love, built to meet a need and is not something I'm ever going to charge for. However, an application like this does of course have costs (hosting etc) and as more people use the app these costs unfortunately start to increase.
So if you're enjoying the app and feel you can help out in any way at all, however small, then I'll be eternally grateful! Thank you!Donate Here


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Decompression sickness (DCS) occurs when the body is exposed to a sudden drop in surrounding pressure.
DCS is caused by the formation of gas bubbles in the blood and tissues. At normal altitudes, nitrogen and other gases are exhaled or dissolved in the blood and tissues. However, during severe changes in altitude and air pressure, nitrogen and other gases form gas bubbles. These bubbles block the flow of blood. This condition can be fatal if not treated quickly.
Risk Factors
This condition is more common in older adults.
The only risk factor that increases your chance of getting DCS is a sudden reduction in pressure. This occurs as a result of:
- Rising too quickly to the surface from deep sea scuba diving
- A fast ascent into a high altitude from a low altitude
- Sudden exit from a high pressure or hyperbaric chamber
- Increased risk with increased depth of dive
- Long duration of dive
- Multiple dives in one day
- Flying after diving
- Diving in cold water
- Fatigue
- Exertion
- Dehydration
- Obesity
The less severe type of DCS is called DCS I. It primarily results in inflammation of muscles, joints, and tendons, resulting in pain and swelling. This is commonly referred to as the bends. Although pain may occur anywhere in the body, it is most common in or near an arm or leg joint. The pain may become more severe over time. Itching, skin mottling, weakness, and fatigue also occur.
The more severe type of DCS is called DCS II. This results in more serious systemic effects, including neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling. In the most severe form, numbness may lead to paralysis and even death. Other symptoms of DCS II include:
- Stomach pain
- Back pain
- Headache
- Lightheadedness
- Confusion
- Vision problems
- Vertigo—the sensation of movement when standing still
- Chest pain and severe coughing
- Shock
If an individual dives occupationally and has regular exposure to increased pressure, a mild, chronic case of the bends may occur without detection. Over time, this can result in deterioration of affected joints and bones.
You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. When DCS is suspected, treatment is often started right away without any delay for examination or testing. Blood and other diagnostic tests are not usually helpful.
If you experience symptoms of DCS, it is extremely important to get treatment right away. In severe cases, delaying treatment may be fatal.
If you have DCS I, breathing 100% oxygen from a mask may be sufficient treatment. You should also be monitored carefully for other symptoms.
The treatment for DCS II is oxygen therapy in a hyperbaric chamber. This device works by gradually increasing and then decreasing air pressure around the body. This forces gas bubbles to dissolve. Oxygen should be given through an oxygen mask during transport to a hyperbaric chamber.
Treatment should be given even if initial symptoms are mild or disappear. Proper treatment given quickly should cure all symptoms of DCS.
DCS may be prevented by:
- Limiting the depth and duration of deep sea dives
- Following standard diving guidelines
- Avoiding diving if you are obese, pregnant, have heart or lung problems, or have had a recent joint or limb injury
- Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption for 24 hours before diving
- Avoiding flying for 24 hours after deep sea diving
- Avoiding repeated dives within a 12-hour period
- Taking ibuprofen to help prevent altitude sickness when hiking
- Avoiding flights in nonpressurized aircraft
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Marcin Chwistek, MD
- Review Date: 03/2018 -
- Update Date: 03/31/2014 -


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A classic assembly puzzle. Philos also makes a barrel-shaped variant of this puzzle. The objective is to take apart all 12 pieces and reassemble them into the ball shape. Movement is smooth.
Made in Cassia-Siamea wood by Philos. Philos is a German puzzle manufacturer that started in 1996 as a toy manufacturing and distribution company. They make a wide variety of wooden puzzles, as well as some less common strategy games, playing cards, and dice.
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A growing emphasis of Right From The Heart's outreach efforts are our 1-Minute Daily Devotions that are sent via email each day. The quick-hitting, thought-provoking challenges of God's truth contained in the devotions are designed to be a source of spiritual encouragement in a world looking for answers. Straightforward in style, they communicate the gospel in a manner that anyone can understand.
Having grown in subscribers from 3,000 in July of 2007 to over 15,000 current English subscribers, the Daily Devotions have proved to be a very effective outreach tool. In addition to reading the devotions, subscribers can add their own comments, initiating interesting conversations on topics such as the trustworthiness of Scripture, the effectiveness of prayer, or the resurrection of Christ.
More than ever, it's critical that we engage in dialogue and defend our beliefs. Years ago, the beliefs we held dear were not criticized as openly as they are today.
Most recently, our Daily Devotions are available on Facebook and through RSS feeds in English, Spanish, Polish and German. This only adds to the number of people who have access to read about Jesus Christ each day! Won't you help us continue to provide this valuable resource to the world?


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We are living in an age of unprecedented language creation. Between the explosion of languages on the JVM and the new native languages, we find ourselves with a happy surfeit of very interesting choices. These options are not just the toy creations of comp-sci undergraduates, but sophisticated products with extensive libraries and active communities. Where they tend to be weak, however, is in tooling. And unfortunately, for many language developers, tooling is a metaphor for the coding front end: They strive to create editor plugins to provide basic syntax assistance. The more important support for debugging is often consigned to the use of
printf-like statements to dump
trace statements and variables' contents to the console.
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I have always found this substitution of
printf for debugging to be a profoundly wrong conflation of two concepts. Yet, because we've all had the experience of using
printf or its equivalents to help chase down bugs, we tend to go along with the proposal. Some well-known developers even proclaim their preference for
There are multiple aspects of
printf statements that make them very poor substitutes and, in fact, at times dangerous tools.
Location. Martin advises "judiciously placed print statements." Well, if you're in a serious debugging mode, judiciously placing
printf is a very difficult thing to do. It implies some strong knowledge of the nature of the cause of the defect you're chasing. My experience is that, frequently, you get the first attempt at
printf wrong, and then must start to guess where else to place the statements. Sometimes, it's not even guessing: You need to put them at several upstream points to coarsely locate where a variable unexpectedly changes values. Finally, when you get the right location, you must then add new statements to track down why the variable is changing. It's a mess that brings me to the second point.
Time cost. Every
dump commands.
Complexity. While conceptually nothing is simpler than dumping a variable to the console, in fact, it's no trivial matter. This is particularly true of data structures, especially those containing pointers. Now, the
dump statement is useful. Debuggers handle this transparently and allow you to walk lists and arrays with no difficulty.
Heisenberg effect.
Clean up. Congratulations, you found the bug! Now, it's time to clean up your
In almost every dimension, the dumping of variables to the console is an inferior alternative to using the debugger. It takes just as long, if not longer, to find defects, and the practice inserts detrimental artifacts into the codebase.
When I hear developers say that they're happy debugging with
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text:
Glaucoma is a group of diseases that can damage the eye's optic nerve and result in visual loss or blindness. The optic nerve is a bundle of more than 1 million nerve fibers. It connects the retina with the brain. The retina is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, which contains millions of cells called rods and cones. When the rods and cones pick up light, a chemical reaction takes place. This sends an electrical impulse from the retina, through the optic nerve, and to the brain. This is the sensation of sight. A healthy optic nerve is essential for good vision.
Glaucoma is usually caused by an increase of pressure inside the eye. At the front of the eye, there is a small space called the anterior chamber, which lies between the iris and the cornea. Clear fluid flows in and out of the chamber to bathe and nourish nearby tissues. In most cases of glaucoma, for unknown reasons, the fluid drains too slowly out of the anterior chamber of the eye. As the fluid builds up, the pressure inside the eye rises. Unless this pressure is controlled, it can damage the optic nerve and other parts of the eye, leading to loss of vision.
It is estimated over 3 million Americans have glaucoma. It is leading cause of legal blindness in the US.
There are several forms of glaucoma. The most common ones include:
Open-angle glaucoma —Fluid can sometimes drain through the drainage angle of the eye too slowly, which leads to a fluid backup and a gradual but persistent elevation in intraocular pressure (IOP). The angle between structures of the eye appears normal or open. This is the most common type of glaucoma which may affect 1 in 40 adults. It usually begins after 40 years old.
Angle-closure glaucoma —Drainage from the eye becomes physically blocked when eye structures, usually the iris, occlude an already narrowed angle of exit. This traps fluid in the eye and leads to an increase in IOP. Angle-closure glaucoma may be acute, subacute, intermittent, or chronic. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency that must be treated quickly to prevent visual loss or blindness. This is an uncommon type that may be more common in certain people. It usually begins after 50 years old and may happen in the other eye within 5 years.
Normal or low-tension glaucoma —The optic nerve is damaged even though the IOP is not elevated. This form is poorly understood.
Congenital glaucoma —This type of glaucoma occurs either at birth or within the first few years. It is usually related to defects in the eye that slow the normal drainage of fluid.
Secondary glaucoma —This type of glaucoma can develop as a complication of another medical condition. Examples include tumor, inflammation, diabetes, eye injury, or long-term corticosteroid therapy.What are the risk factors for glaucoma?What are the symptoms of glaucoma?How is glaucoma diagnosed?What are the treatments for glaucoma?Are there screening tests for glaucoma?How can I reduce my risk of glaucoma?What questions should I ask my healthcare provider?What is it like to live with glaucoma?Where can I get more information about glaucoma?
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Daniel A. Ostrovsky, MD
- Review Date: 03/2018 -
- Update Date: 03/15/2015 -


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Slewing bearings
SKF Marine provides a full range of slewing bearings for the azimuth positions of marine applications
Unlike other providers of slewing bearings, SKF Marine can offer fully tailored solutions, integrating monitoring, lubrication and sealing systems, and provide in-depth engineering support relying on advanced proprietary software. SKF Marine also offers a range of installation and monitoring services, enabling higher reliability and availability of critical onboard machinery.
Please contact SKF Marine to help select the right solution for your specific apllication needs.


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Clinical Trials
Anti-HIV Drug Regimens With or Without Protease Inhibitors and Drug Level Monitoring in HIV Infected Adolescents
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Information provided by (Responsible Party)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
First received: January 9, 2004
Last updated: October 4, 2013
Last Verified: October 2013
History of Changes
The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of anti-HIV drug regimens with or without a protease inhibitor (PI) in HIV infected adolescents. It will also determine if monitoring drug levels and adjusting the dose as necessary improves the effectiveness of these regimens.
HIV Infections
Drug : Efavirenz + 2 NRTIs
Drug : Lopinavir/Ritonavir + 2 NRTIs
Procedure : Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|A Comparative Trial of Protease-Containing and Protease-Sparing HAART Regimens in HIV-Infected Adolescents With an Evaluation of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Further study details as provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):
Primary Outcome Measures
- Proportion of patients achieving viral suppression (viral load less than 1,000 copies/ml) at Week 24 and maintaining suppression through Week 48 while remaining on study treatment
- Proportion of patients achieving virologic suppression (viral load less than 1,000 copies/ml) at Week 24 and maintaining suppression through Week 96 while remaining on study treatment
- adherence measured by MEMS TrackCap Monitors (percentage of doses taken, estimated using the frequency of bottle openings recorded by the MEMS TrackCap Monitors, the MEMS TrackCap Monitor tracking form, and the information recorded on the questionnaires)
- adherence measured by patient self-report (binary variable of perfect adherence measured 3 days prior to any study visit reported on the adherence questionnaires and the numbers of visits with reported perfect adherence up to Week 24, 48, and 96)
- adherence measured by pill count (percentage of pills taken, determined by counting the pills left in the bottles)
- HIV viral load at each study visit
- number and severity of symptoms of distress and central nervous system (CNS) side effects
- number and severity of all adverse events of Grade 3 or more attributed to study treatment
- time to virologic failure (first time viral load is measured to be 1,000 copies/ml or more after Week 24, time before discontinuing study treatment for any reason before Week 96, or time before terminating study for any reason before Week 96)
- HIV resistance mutations at baseline and at time of virologic failure (viral load returning to 1,000 copies/ml or more)
- baseline values for percentage and total number of CD19 (B cells), total T cells (CD3 T cells), CD4 (T helper cells), CD8 (cytotoxic T cells), naive CD4 T cells (CD62L/CD45RA/CD4), and activated CD8 T cells (HLADR/CD38/CD8)
- changes from baseline to Weeks 24, 48, and 96 for percentage and total number of CD19 (B cells), total T cells (CD3 T cells), CD4 (T helper cells), CD8 (cytotoxic T cells), naive CD4 T cells (CD62L/CD45RA/CD4), and activated CD8 T cells (HLADR/CD38/CD8)
|Study Start Date:
|July 2004
|Study Completion Date:
|September 2006
Detailed Description:
HIV infected adolescents may have a significantly higher capacity for immune reconstitution
following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), compared to adults. Despite this
advantage, HIV infected adolescents are often reluctant to get proper medical care, follow
through with doctor appointments, and adhere to medication schedules and regimens necessary
to keep their infection under control. Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), a PI, and efavirenz
(EFV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), both have long half-lives
that make them ideal drugs for the adolescent population, as they are more forgiving if
patients miss or sleep through doses. The availability of once-daily dosing of LPV/r will
reduce pill burden and offers more flexibility in medication scheduling, also helping to
promote treatment adherence among this age group. This study will examine the effectiveness
of two HAART regimens, one with the PI LPV/r and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors (NRTIs), and the other with the NNRTI EFV and two NRTIs. The efficacy of
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and subsequent dose adjustment will also be assessed with
both regimens.
Patients will be enrolled in this study for 96 weeks and will be randomly assigned into one of two groups. Group 1 will receive LPV/r and 2 NRTIs. Treatment naive patients in Group 1 will have the option of receiving either once-daily dosing or twice-daily dosing of LPV/r. Treatment experienced patients will receive twice-daily dosing of LPV/r. Patients on once-daily dosing of LPV/r who become intolerant to the regimen will be permitted to switch to twice-daily dosing. Group 2 will receive EFV and 2 NRTIs. All patients will be independently and simultaneously randomly assigned to undergo either TDM with subsequent dose adjustment if necessary or no TDM.
Patient medical history and physical exam will be conducted at screening, entry, Weeks 2, 4, 8, every 8 weeks until Week 48, and every 12 weeks thereafter. Blood collection will occur at all study visits. Self-reported pill counts and MEMS TrackCap readings (on LPV/r and EFV bottles) will be noted at most visits. Patients will be asked to complete adherence questionnaires at selected study visits.
Patients enrolled in PACTG 390 (Different Combination Regimens and Treatment-Switching Guidelines in HIV Infected Children 18 Years of Age and Younger) are encouraged to coenroll simultaneously in this study and in PACTG 219C (Long-Term Effects of HIV Exposure and Infection in Children).
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|13 Years to 23 Years
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- HIV infected
- HIV RNA viral load of 10,000 copies/ml or more at screening
- Weigh 35 kg (77.2 lbs) or more
- HAART naive or received a single regimen of combination therapy consisting of NRTIs with or without a single PI (except LPV). Patients who received zidovudine monotherapy during pregnancy or used low-dose ritonavir (RTV) as a PI boost are not excluded.
- For PI experienced patients, have sensitivity to LPV at screening
- Able to receive, as part of background HAART chosen by their physician, at least one new NRTI that is likely to be active against the patient's virus and unlikely to have cross-resistance with previously used NRTIs
- Willing to use acceptable forms of contraception
- Parent or legal guardian willing to provide informed consent, if applicable
Exclusion Criteria:
- Prior receipt of any NNRTI or LPV
- Require certain medications
- Grade 3 or 4 clinical or laboratory toxicity, as defined by the Division of AIDS Toxicity Table for Grading Severity of Pediatric Adverse Effects
- Chemotherapy for active malignancy
- Acute opportunistic or serious bacterial infection requiring therapy at study entry
- Investigational treatment within 30 days of study entry
- Score of 20 or more on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) or suicidal thoughts on BDI-II (score of 2 or 3 on Question 9), regardless of total score
- Pregnant within 48 hours of starting EFV
- Breastfeeding
Contacts and LocationsChoosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision.Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below.For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00075907
Locations Show More
|United States, California
|Usc La Nichd Crs
|Alhambra, California, United States, 91803
|Long Beach Memorial Med. Ctr., Miller Children's Hosp.
|Long Beach, California, United States, 90806
|Children's Hospital of Los Angeles NICHD CRS
|Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
|United States, Colorado
|Univ. of Colorado Denver NICHD CRS
|Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
|United States, Illinois
|Chicago Children's CRS
|Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60614
|United States, Louisiana
|Tulane/LSU Maternal/Child CRS
|New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
|Children's Hosp.
|New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70118
|United States, Maryland
|Johns Hopkins Hosp. & Health System - Dept. of Peds., Div. of Infectious Diseases
|Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287
|United States, New York
|Bronx-Lebanon Hosp. IMPAACT CRS
|Bronx, New York, United States, 10457
|SUNY Stony Brook NICHD CRS
|Stony Brook, New York, United States, 11794
|United States, Tennessee
|St. Jude/UTHSC CRS
|Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105
|United States, Texas
|Children's Med. Ctr. Dallas
|Dallas, Texas, United States, 75235
|Texas Children's Hosp. CRS
|Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
Sponsors and CollaboratorsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
|Study Chair:
|Margarita Silio, MD
|Tulane Medical Center
|Study Chair:
|Russell Van Dyke, MD
|Tulane Medical Center
More Information
Additional Information:Click here for more information about PACTG 390
Additional Information:Click here for more information about PACTG 219C
|Responsible Party:
|National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT00075907 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
|Study First Received:
|January 9, 2004
|Last Updated:
|October 4, 2013
Keywords provided by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID):Acute Infection
Treatment Experienced
Treatment Naive
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on March 27, 2020
This information is provided by ClinicalTrials.gov.


text:
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Shape Up NYC: Cardio Sculpt
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
7:00 p.m.–8:00 p.m.
This event repeats every week on Tuesday and Friday between 2/7/2014 and 6/20/2014.
Please note: This event has already taken place. Please use the Search options on the right to find upcoming events.
McDonald Park House is Staten Island's home of Shape Up NYC! Take part in 14 fitness classes per week for free.
Cardio Sculpt is a total body workout that addresses muscle strength and endurance while keeping the heart rate up to burn calories and strengthen the cardio respiratory system. Continuous movement to great music makes it fun!
Event Organizer
Shape Up NYC


text: Friday, June 15, 2012 Position Affirms PTs as Expert Providers for Exercise and Physical Activity Quoting national and international statistics on coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer, COPD, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and obesity, showing that these diseases are epidemic in their incidence, the House of Delegates adopted Physical Therapists as Expert Providers for Exercise and Physical Activity—recognizing physical therapists as health service delivery providers of choice to prevent or treat these noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their related risk factors. The position holds that APTA seeks participation in the development and/or update of physical activity or exercise guidelines for these NCDs. [RC-27] Draft language adopted by the 2012 House will be available on the House Community next week. Final language for all actions taken by the June 2012 House will be available by September after the minutes have been approved. Comments I personally think this is valuable information. Posted by Heidi Harris on 6/15/2012 2:41 PM I'm proud of our professional organization's efforts and the efforts of our profession as a whole for emphasizing our vital role in treating this patient population. I often find so many of my patients have not been educated enough, and I am educating them on importance of exercise etc many many years after diagnosis of these NCDs. Posted by Jessica Graham on 6/28/2012 2:23 AM


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Wednesday, November 18, 2009
My latest obsession?
Hmmmm ... though I guess if 4 people went in on an $18 yard of fabric, it would only be $4.50 a fat quarter ... hmmmmm ... ... .....
Some of my faves:
46 comments:
I love the one with the neon green trees and pink birds! Gorgeous!ReplyDelete
These are awesome!! They're almost "manly" prints...which are so hard to find.ReplyDelete
Great find - and thanks for sharing your great finds...
it's a dangerous place - I try not to visit. I think you managed to pick out all of my favourites too!!!!ReplyDelete
I would totally go in on the paper boats (3rd from top), the owls (8th from top) and the trees (13th from top)!!ReplyDelete
~ Jennie
Lovely but too rich for me! Thanks for sharing!ReplyDelete
Some of those are totally worth $11 for a fat quarter.ReplyDelete
The gnomes and the mushrooms are oh so cute!!ReplyDelete
They are located right outside of Burlington, so not to far from you. I wish they had a wholesale or oops section in the factory.ReplyDelete
I will be in Greensboro for Thanksgiving and would totally stop by.
Hmmph! Way to taunt us. Those are really cool. I like them all. Miniature quilts are lots of fun if we can just get funding!ReplyDelete
I'll do it! I'll do it!!! I'm serious!!ReplyDelete
I Love, Love, Love the
Trees BluGreen
Paper Boats
Bird House
Pink Damask Tree
Flock of Birds
...really...I'll do it. If you only want to get 4 of them I would love the first four on my list but I would really like all of them.
I'm too scared to go look at the rest of their site so I'll just be happy that you did the shopping for me!:)
I really want to make a quilt for my husband using the top 4 and flock of birds....I have some other black and grays that I have been saving!
Pretty please?:)
Isn't spoonflower such a neat thing. Reminds me I need to get off my duff and do some of my own designs.ReplyDelete
john, I love your taste in fabric!ReplyDelete
I am all about the gray prints you chose...like others, I don't even want to look at the full selection, looks like you got the cream of the crop. I'd do a yards worth of gray prints with you...or maybe that last fishy print. lovely.ReplyDelete
just buy a yard. seriously it is worth it.. i'm telling you spoonflower is one of my favorite places!!ReplyDelete
Damn you, Quilt Dad!ReplyDelete
Just what I don't need, more fabric lust!!!
Darn, I was hoping you had one of mine on there!ReplyDelete
I agree, why buy a FQ for $11 when you can get the entire yard for $18.
I love these prints. I think my favorite is the snowflake print.ReplyDelete
Wow. Some of those are spectacular! I had no idea. I'm not sure if I should go visit or not.ReplyDelete
I have fabric envy... but I couldn't pay that much either for a fat quarter. But, they are sooooo cute! It certainly is tempting...ReplyDelete
Love your taste in fabric!ReplyDelete
What wonderful fabrics! I like the ones with the green tress and brown trunks and the one with the multicolored birds. But those prices - yikes! That would put me out of the quilting hobby!ReplyDelete
Hey John, I too have been oogling the spoonflower fabric. I couldn't bring myself to spend that kind of dough either.ReplyDelete
I'd be willing to go in with you on some fabric any time. Just let me know.
DOOD! I love them all!!! And you're right, $11/fq is insane... but for a special project *maybe* :-)ReplyDelete
- AnonymousNovember 19, 2009 at 8:46 PM
The Garden Gnomes are my FAVVVVVV!ReplyDelete
Hmmm... wonder if they do tours??? I'd make that 4.5 hour car trip!! I'd be happy to share in some fabric. Maybe 4 of us should each buy a yard and split it out - 4 different ways. Hey, i'd even be happy with a cool fat quarter - you pick - i'll send you the cheque!ReplyDelete
i am having a machine crisis...what do you sew on and what would you recommend in the under 400 price range?ReplyDelete
These are fabulous! I can see why you've become obsessed - thanks for pulling me into your obsession as well!ReplyDelete
I have been reading your blog for a while, but I missed the part about your puppy. We are getting ours the 1st of December. Could you give some suggestions for getting it trained right? And I wanna see a current picture of Clancy :)ReplyDelete
what beautiful fabrics and I love your blog.ReplyDelete
You never should have shown me this website!! I'm hooked!! Now I'm looking around my house deciding which pieces of furniture to reupholster for each fabric I fall in love with!!ReplyDelete
your musing makes me laugh! I love those birch ones...hmmm hmmm. Hee heeReplyDelete
I agree with DeeRoo on most of the ones I love:ReplyDelete
Paper boats
flock of birds
bird house
I would be willing to go in on a yard of each. . . that would give me a fat quarter each with some others
I have been following spoonflower for quite some time and have been voting each week on the winners. It is a fun site, but too rich for my blood.
Let me know what you decide
- AnonymousNovember 24, 2009 at 9:32 AM
Fie on you, Quilt Dad! I just had to go straight over to Spoonflower and get that paper boat fabric...plus a few more.ReplyDelete
I haven't been convinced on Spoonflower yet, but these examples might convince me...ReplyDelete
Happy Thanksgiving! Thanks for sharing your experience and knowledge with us!ReplyDelete
Looove the one with the little ninjas and the one with the owls...ReplyDelete
But you are right sometimes is a matter of will power LOL...
Have wonderful weekend...
Awesome! Love the paper sailboat fabric, forest and birdie fabric, and the dolls.ReplyDelete
I forgot the lanterns. OMgoodness the they are amazing!ReplyDelete
I'm so tempted to make my own on Spoonflower. You've picked some lovely examples too. The birches, the hares mmmm lovely!ReplyDelete
So many delicious new fabrics and I love them all. I agree that the price is outrageous.ReplyDelete
nice article thanks for this informationReplyDelete
picture framer glasgow
Your in Quiltmaker Magazine! You are a "Blogs to watch"!!ReplyDelete
Oh my gosh those are gorgeous! I love that light gray birds in trees with white trees. LOVE!ReplyDelete
I know this is an older post but did you hear the Heather Ross is going to be offering some of her older prints through Spoonflower? I was thinking of trying to get some people to go in on a few yards and divvy them up into FQs. Like one person buys a yd of gnomes, another buys a yd of VWs, another gets some doggies and someone else snags some goldfish. Then everyone quarters up their yards and send s the other partners a FQ of the print they bought...ReplyDelete
I love Spoonflower, but find it hard to pay that much too. I'd be willing to go in with ya!ReplyDelete
I found you through StumbleUpon. Love the fact you quilt and I just love these fabrics!!ReplyDelete


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Other Proposed Uses
Sweet clover, long popular as food for grazing animals, is used medicinally as well. It contains various substances in the coumarin family. These chemicals are thought to help strengthen the walls of blood and lymph vessels. However there is no more than preliminary evidence that sweet clover is effective for any medical condition. In addition, use of sweet clover presents some safety concerns. (See Safety Issues for more information.)
Sweet Clover and Its History
The name Melilotus originates from the Greek word for honey, meli , and a term for clover-like plants, lotos . There are four common species in this genus of Eurasian origins: Melilotus alba , M. indica , M. officinalis , and M. altissimus .
The fresh or dried leaves and flowering stems of sweet clover were traditionally used as a diuretic.
What Is Sweet Clover Used for Today?
Germany's Commission E has authorized use of sweet clover extract for symptoms of venous insufficiency (a condition closely related to varicose veins) as well as for the treatment of phlebitis and hemorrhoids . 1 When used for this purpose, however, sweet clover is generally combined with bioflavonoids such as oxerutin . However, there is no meaningful evidence as ytet that sweet clover taken alone is effective for these conditions.
Sweet clover contains coumarins, substances related to the prescription blood-thinner warfarin . Most scientific study relevant to sweet clover involves prescription drugs that combine coumarins and bioflavonoids. These medications have also been used to treat venous insufficiency, as well as numerous other conditions, including elephantiasis, hemorrhoids, mild digestive disturbances and various forms of edema . 2-7 However, it isn't clear whether sweet clover extracts containing coumarins would work in the same way as the coumarin portion of these pharmaceutical products.
Topical treatments made from sweet clover are sometimes recommended for the treatment of hemorrhoids and minor injuries , 9 but as yet there is no real scientific evidence to support these proposed uses.
Sweet clover products are standardized to their coumarin content. For treating symptoms of venous insufficiency/ varicose veins, a daily dosage of a sweet clover preparation or extract providing 3 to 30 mg of coumarin is taken internally. 8 (See "Safety Issues," below.)
Safety Issues
The safety of any medicinal use of sweet clover has not been established in humans. Sweet clover contains various substances in the coumarin family. Many (but not all) of these substances thin the blood, and might cause excessive bleeding in some individuals. In particular, sweet clover should not be combined with blood-thinning drugs such as warfarin (Coumadin), heparin or drugs in the aspirin family.
Safety in pregnant or nursing women, young children, or individuals with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
Interactions You Should Know About
If you are taking blood-thinning drugs such as warfarin (Coumadin), heparin , clopidogrel (Plavix), pentoxifylline (Trental ) or drugs in the aspirin family, you should not use sweet clover.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


text:
Popped my latest video onto the end of this post as well. I've been so busy I've hardly filmed (or blogged) this week which is a bit of a bummer! This week really has flown by and I still haven't bought all my christmas presents or thought about going back home to my parents for the holidays. I have a pile of washing that needs to be done as well as a house that's in dire need of a deep clean. I just don't understand how time seems to go so much faster in the winter! I should really go to Westfields or Oxford Circus tonight or tomorrow to pick tip the last of my Christmas presents but my energy levels are plummeting as I type this blog post out.
Anyway the outfit. This is actually what I wore yesterday as I didn't have time to edit and upload it last night before I went and met one of my oldest friends. My outfits at the moment tend to be really glitzy for some reason! The kimono was featured in a Primark Haul video I did a while ago and I said I couldn't work out if I wanted to keep the Bronze or the White. Clearly in the end I decided on the bronze as I thought it was more of a statement. I really love it as I think it's the perfect colour, especially when it's with a all black outfit and accented with more rose gold.


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Schools with an asterisk (*) in the select box have data for the screen you are currently viewing. If the school you search for does not have the same data you are currently viewing, you will be taken to the first data screen for that school.
Honor Societies
Local Groups
Student Organizations
National Groups
Local Groups


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Casey Time
Casey Time is an annual event meant to celebrate the legacy of Eugene B. Casey and honor his contributions to the College. It is a way for students to remember his name and give back to the campus. This year, students helped beautify campus by oiling the teak benches on campus.


text: Monday, March 11, 2013 PTs and PTAs Play Important Role in Protecting Patients From Drug-resistant Bacteria Physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs), especially those who have patients with wounds, are encouraged to take steps to protect their most vulnerable patients from carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), a family of germs that have become difficult to treat because they have high levels of resistance to antibiotics. In addition to patients at high risks, PTs and PTAs should take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of CRE to healthy individuals. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), CRE are resistant to all, or nearly all, antibiotics—even the most powerful drugs of last-resort. CRE also have high mortality rates, killing 1 in 2 patients who get bloodstream infections from them. Additionally, CRE easily transfer their antibiotic resistance to other bacteria. For example, carbapenem-resistant klebsiella can spread its drug-destroying properties to a normal E. coli bacteria, which makes the E.coli resistant to antibiotics also. "That could create a nightmare scenario since E. coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in healthy people," says CDC. CRE are usually transmitted person-to-person, often on the hands of health care workers. Currently, almost all CRE infections occur in people receiving significant medical care. However, their ability to spread and their resistance raises the concern that potentially untreatable infections could appear in otherwise healthy people, including health care providers. CDC's website includes resources for patients, providers, and facilities. The agency's CRE prevention toolkit has in-depth recommendations to control CRE transmission in hospitals, long-term acute care facilities, and nursing homes. APTA is in the process of updating its Infectious Disease Control webpage to ensure that PTs and PTAs have the information they need to understand their critical role in helping to halt the spread of CRE. Look for a follow-up article in News Now when the webpage is launched.


text:
In developments more openly discussed on programmer forums and community groups than via corporate publicity channels, this week sees news of Microsoft transferring its WCF RIA Services to the Outercurve Foundation to exist as an open source project.
More Insights
White PapersMore >>
- [Report] DevSecOps & Secure App Delivery: What's Working & What's Not
- How Enterprises Are Developing and Maintaining Secure Applications
WebcastsMore >>
NOTE: WCF RIA (Windows Communication Foundation Rich Internet Applications) Services is Microsoft's offering to simplify the development of n-tier solutions for RIAs, such as Silverlight applications — a common problem when developing an n-tier RIA solution is coordinating application logic between the middle tier and the presentation tier.
The Outercurve Foundation was originally founded by Microsoft and is today focused on providing software IP management and project development governance to enable programmers to develop software collaboratively in open source communities.
The foundation will now maintain the project under the name Open RIA Services. Licensed under the Apache 2.0 licence, it will reside as part of its ASP.NET Open Source Gallery, where developers will also be able to gain access to resources focused on projects including NuGet, Orchard, DotNetOpenAuth, and xUnit.net.
Microsoft's open source CodePlex project site already has the http://openriaservices.codeplex.com/ URL established as it is now populated with resources to support future development.


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Principal Proposed Uses
Other Proposed Uses
Coriolus versicolor is a common tree fungus, often seen by hikers as a stiff, rounded, horizontal protuberance from tree trunks, with concentric lines of varying color. In traditional Chinese herbal medicine , this fungus is used to strengthen overall vitality and treat lung and liver problems as well as other conditions.
What is
Currently, extracts of Coriolus versicolor called polysaccharide-K (PSK) and polysaccharopeptide (PSP) are under study as immune stimulants for use alongside chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. These two related substances, made from slightly different strains of the fungus, are thought to act as "biological response modifiers," meaning that they affect the body's response to cancer.
According to most but not all reported trials, most of which were performed in Asia, both PSK and PSP can enhance the effects of various forms of standard cancer treatment. 1-9
For example, in a 28-day double-blind , placebo-controlled study of 34 people with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer, use of Coriolus extracts along with conventional treatment significantly slowed the progression of the disease. 2
It is thought that Coriolus extracts work by stimulating the body's own cancer-fighting cells. 3 PSK and PSP may also have cancer-preventive effects.
In addition, very weak evidence hints that extracts of Coriolus versicolor might be helpful for HIV infection . 10
A typical dosage of PSK or PSP as an adjunct to standard cancer treatment is 2 to 6 grams daily. For prevention of cancer, some experts recommend 500 mg daily, but there is no real scientific basis for this recommendation.
Safety Issues
According to Chinese studies, PSP and PSK appear to be relatively nontoxic, both in the short and long term. 9,11,12
Few side effects have been reported in clinical trials. However, safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or people with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO CAM Review Board
- Review Date: 12/2015 -
- Update Date: 12/15/2015 -


text:
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text: Monday, July 09, 2012 Hospital Consolidations Driven by Bargaining Power Do Not Lead to Integration Physician-hospital consolidation for the purpose of enhanced bargaining power with payers does not lead to true integration or enhanced hospital performance, according to an updated issue brief by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) that examines the effect of hospital mergers on prices, costs, and quality of care. Consolidation between physicians and hospitals is of great interest because of both the potential that consolidation has for creating integration, and the impetus created by the Affordable Care Act's push toward creating accountable care organizations and emphasis on bundled payments. In theory, says the brief, there are substantial gains to be made from consolidation—especially when consolidation leads to integration and the elimination of unnecessary duplication of services. However, the brief also points to concerns that consolidation may have adverse impacts on competition. Hospital consolidation generally results in higher prices. When hospitals merge in already concentrated markets, the price increase can be dramatic, often exceeding 20%. Additionally, hospital competition improves quality of care. This is true under both administered price systems such as Medicare and the United Kingdom's National Health Service, and market-determined pricing such as the private health insurance market. The full 2006 synthesis and updated brief are available on RWJF's website.


text: Even better than that, our guaranteed lowest prices on AzureGreen items can't be beat, with products priced as low as $5.14. Most importantly, our vision includes hands-on customer service making sure each and every customer is treated royally -- completely taken care of to his or her satisfaction. We accept most major credit cards as well as Paypal and have a money back guaranty on products returned within 30 days, so shop now for worry-free savings!


text:
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain. Certain mosquito-borne viruses can lead to encephalitis. Examples of these viruses include:
- West Nile encephalitis
- Eastern equine encephalitis
- Western equine encephalitis
- St. Louis encephalitis
- La Crosse encephalitis
- Japanese encephalitis
- Venezuelan equine encephalitis
The most common cause is being bitten by an infected mosquito. There are other, rarer causes such having a blood transfusion with infected blood.
Risk Factors
The greatest risk factors are spending time in areas where mosquitoes are present and not using insect repellent.
People who are age 50 years and older and those with a weakened immune system have a higher risk of developing serious symptoms.
Most people who become infected with one of these mosquito-borne viruses do not develop any symptoms.
If symptoms do occur, they are generally mild and may include flu-like symptoms such as:
- Headache
- Fever
- Chills
- Fatigue
- Joint and muscle pain
- Vomiting
While rare, a small percentage of people develop encephalitis and have serious, life-threatening symptoms such as:
- High fever
- Disorientation
- Vision loss
- Paralysis
- Seizures
- Coma
In addition to taking your medical history and doing a physical exam, your doctor will ask you:
- What kind of symptoms you are experiencing
- Where you have been living or traveling to
- Whether you have been exposed to mosquitoes
A blood test is commonly used to confirm the diagnosis of a mosquito-borne virus. Depending on the symptoms that you have, your doctor may order other tests such as:
- MRI scan
- CT scan
- Lumbar puncture to evaluate the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Treatment focuses on supportive care such as taking pain-relieving medications and fluid replacement to avoid dehydration.
Severe symptoms require hospitalization for treatment, which may include:
- Mechanical ventilation
- IV fluids
- Antiseizure medications
- Medications to decrease brain swelling
The best way to reduce your chances of getting mosquito-borne viral encephalitis is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes. Steps that can help include:
- Limiting outside activities where mosquitoes are present
- Wearing long sleeve shirts and long pants at dusk and dawn, when mosquitoes are most active
- Using bug repellent that contains DEET
- Emptying sources of standing water around the home such as bird baths and gutters, where mosquitoes may breed
- Use proper mosquito netting at night. Look for netting treated with insecticide.
- Repairing screens on your windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from getting into your house
Mosquitoes can contract viruses by biting infected birds. If you see a dead bird, call the public health department. Do not touch the dead bird unless you are wearing disposable gloves.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board David L. Horn, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 11/2018 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -


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Sure, SXSW is a draw, but Austin also has awesome food, boots, shopping, too
Austin has become a bit of a home away from home for me in the last couple of years, and so while the Denver Post's Reverb group heads down there annually for SXSW, I hit the original keep-it-weird town several times a year to visit friends and check out the music scene at other times when it's not so crowded and crazy.
My friends are former Coloradans, and they and their daughters are delightfully agreeable about letting me and my daughters use their place as a way for us to get away from our hamster-wheel lives.
It helps that they all have the same basic outlook on life, which is this: it's best when it involves people you love, excellent food and drink (but not necessarily fancy), just enough exercise and travel, great books and music (but not necessarily fancy), a houseful of pets and enough sleep. The rest is just blah-blah.
So keeping all of that in mind, our visits usually involve some combination of all of the above. It helps that round-trip flights from Denver on Frontier can often be found in the $150-$200 range. And then there's the 15-hour drive – best done over two days — and that has its own weird charms (hello, Amarillo and Lubbock!).
Over the years, we've eaten in some amazing places, and I've purchased a few pairs of new (and old) boots, danced at the Broken Spoke (featured in this week's Travel section) and heard some amazing live music, from favorites like James McMurtry at the Continental Club Gallery to Dale Watson at the Central Market. I love it that you can get a big ol' plate of hot organic mac-and-cheese with a side of roasted beets and a beer and sit at a table in a grocery store while Watson croons "I Ain't Been Right, Since I Been Left."


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Anthony Njokuani
TRAINING: I've done a lot to get me prepared for this fight. Listing everything would take a long time and I don't want to put you to sleep with all the hard activities they put this brotha through.
What ranks and titles have you held? Art Of War Champion, Kansas Muay Thai Champion, TKO Champion.
Do you have any heroes? My father
What is your favorite technique? Leg kick
What does it mean for you to fight in the UFC? It has been a long journey and a long time waiting, but definitely a dream come true for me. It feels great to be welcomed into a huge organization that holds a lot of respect for MMA fighters and represents what we do and who we are, not just here in the United States, but all over the world.
Did you go to college and if so what degree did you earn? No degree
What was your job before you started fighting? Muay Thai Trainer, Earth Link
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A new OpenJDK-based offering will now be free and open source with contributions given back to the community as a result of news this week.
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Microsoft Open Technologies will work with Java runtime scalability company Azul Systems to partner on a Windows distribution build of the community-driven open source Java implementation, known as OpenJDK, for Windows Server on the Windows Azure platform.
With this move Microsoft is essentially putting forward efforts to expand the number (and types) of workloads that are capable of running on its Windows Azure cloud platform.
Microsoft says that this relationship is "complementary" to the association it forged in June of this year with Oracle to bring Java, Oracle Database, and Oracle WebLogic Server onto Windows Server Hyper-V and Windows Azure.
As part of this partnership, Azul Systems will build, certify, and distribute a compliant OpenJDK-based distribution meeting the Java SE specification for use with Windows Server environments on Azure.
Scott Sellers, Azul Systems president and CEO, said, "This initiative is all about bringing Java to the masses in the cloud. We will be providing a fully open and unconstrained Java environment — with open choice of third-party stacks — for developers and essential applications deployed on Windows Azure."
Jean Paoli, president of MS Open Tech, said "Microsoft Open Technologies and our Azul Systems partner are motivated by a common goal to make the world of mixed IT environments work better together for customers. This partnership will enable developers and IT professionals to ensure their mission-critical apps deploy and run smoothly on Windows Azure, using the open source Java environment they prefer. With Azul Systems rich Java heritage and strong customer track record, partnering was a natural decision."
The new OpenJDK-based offering will be freely distributed and licensed under the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2) with the Classpath Exception.
An arguably over-positive June 14 2013, Forrester Research report, titled: "The Forrester Wave: Enterprise Public Cloud Platforms, Q2 2013," states "Microsoft's strategy for Windows Azure is very strong for two reasons…creating a single platform spanning many clouds is achievable, valuable, and a natural act for Microsoft… Microsoft's openness to other platforms, languages, databases, development environments, and tools is genuine and virtually assures Windows Azure's relevance as technology evolves."


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"It's good to hear the Orchestra and Chorus of the Roman Academia Sancta Cecilia . . . The orchestra still has the luscious Puccini-sound and is conducted by Alberto Veronesi who doesn't over sentimentalize the score but still brings out the glowing melodies clearly and incisively. Orchestra and chorus are splendid in the famous funeral music . . ."
Opera Today, US November 2006
Alberto Veronesi was born in 1967 in Milan, where he studied at the Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory, graduating with honours in piano, composition and orchestral conducting. While still a student he began conducting concerts of contemporary music.


text: Wednesday, January 16, 2013 New Resource: Strategies to Prepare for Insurance Audits As private and governmental payers continue to ramp up efforts to curb fraud and abuse, physical therapists are facing more audits of their services. APTA recently published FAQs on audits that identifies strategies to prepare for and respond to private insurance audits. The FAQ document also identifies additional resources available through APTA, including APTA's Medicare Claims Audits webpage, and external entities. Comments I'm in private practice and would like to receive information for private and Medicare audits and fraud Posted by Bill Case on 1/18/2013 7:17 PM Scared to see what this entails. Posted by CHRISTIAN WHEELER on 1/20/2013 9:01 AM


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PRINCE2 Agile® is the world's most complete agile project management solution, combining the flexibility and responsiveness of agile with the clearly defined framework of PRINCE2®. In other words, PRINCE2 Agile combines the control of PRINCE2 with the agility of Agile.
To complete the course and have an optimal exam preparation, we recommend you to spend at least 21 hours of study.
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The purpose of the Practitioner qualification is to demonstrate that you can apply and tailor PRINCE2 Agile in a scenario situation.
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PRINCE2 Agile's primary purpose
This qualification is aimed at Project Managers who hold a current PRINCE2 Practitioner qualification. It is also relevant to other key staff involved with integrating project management with product delivery. An understanding of the agile concepts within PRINCE2 Agile will also be relevant to those with governance responsibilities for projects using agile delivery approaches as well as those involved with programme and project support functions.
It will also be of interest for programme managers with MSP® who will need to understand not only how the programme relates to projects, but also how projects relate to the delivery mechanism.
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