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In November 2019, we highlighted this Landsat 8 image showing a glut of sediment flowing down the Susquehanna River into Chesapeake Bay. It was a striking, timely image, but one of the realities of publishing new content every day is that sometimes good information comes in after a deadline has passed.
In this case, Mark Trice, a water quality expert with the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, pointed out a few things about Susquehanna sediment after our story was out that seem worth passing on.
Among them: a link to a recent report that synthesizes and summarizes what scientists have learned about the ecological effects of high sediment flows on the Susquehanna River and the role of the Conowingo Dam. While the dam trapped most sediment and associated nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus) when it was first built, enough material has piled up behind the dam now that significant amounts of sediment and nutrients now flow past it during storms. A University of Maryland press release summarized the findings this way:
Most sediment and particulate nutrient impacts to the Bay occur during high-flow events, such as during major storms, which occur less than 10 percent of the time. Loads delivered to the upper Chesapeake Bay during low flows have decreased since the late 1970s, while loads during large storm events have increased. Most of these materials are retained within the upper Bay but some can be transported to the mid-Bay during major storm events, where their nutrients could become bioavailable.
The potential impact of reservoir sediments to Bay water quality are limited due to the low reactivity of scoured material, which decreases the impact of total nutrient loading even in extreme storms. Most of this material would deposit in the low salinity waters of the upper Bay, where rates of nitrogen and phosphorus release from sediments into the water are low.
"While storm events can have major short-term impacts, the Bay is actually really resilient, which is remarkable," said the study's lead author Cindy Palinkas, associate professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. "If we are doing all of the right things, it can handle the occasional big input of sediment."
Trice's colleagues at the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) underscored the Bay's resiliency to sediment as well when I asked about the recent event. "Although these high flow events routinely occur, the Bay is resilient and continues to show improvement due to the commitment by the Bay watershed partners to have all pollution reduction strategies implemented by 2025 to have a healthy Chesapeake Bay," said Bruce Michael of Maryland DNR.
Also worth mentioning: the 2019 water year (October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019) brought a record-breaking flow of freshwater into the Bay, Trice noted. "The annual average freshwater flow into the Chesapeake Bay during water year 2019 was 130,750 cubic feet per second, which is the highest annual amount since 1937, the first year for which data are available," the U.S Geological Survey said.
Finally, thank you to Virginia Tech geology professor Brian Romans (@clasticdetritus) for pointing out something about the image that is unrelated to sediment but fascinating: the line of cities and suburbs running from Baltimore, Md., to Richmond, Va., marks the boundary between two key geologic zones: the flat Coastal Plain to the east and the more rugged Piedmont to the west. Interestingly, many cities are located along this "fall line" because rapids prevented boats from traveling any farther upstream when they were first settled.
Last year, we published a story explaining how scientists had used satellite images of rocks stained pink with guano to discover several unexpectedly large colonies of Adélie penguins on the Danger Islands. Now the researchers are back with a new announcement: Using Landsat data, they have analyzed how the size of that penguin population has changed since 1982. They also used Landsat's deep archive of satellite imagery to analyze what the penguins eat and whether their diets have changed over the past three decades.
"While the Adélie population [on the Danger Islands] is massive, it was even larger in the past," said Heather Lynch of Stony Brook University. "We believe the population peaked in the late 1990s and has been on a slow steady decline ever since." The scientists are still working out what may have caused the 10 to 15 percent decline in the population, but they think it is probably related to changing environmental conditions.
Adélie penguins are particularly sensitive to changes in climate because they require ice-free land areas to breed and access to open water. They also need enough sea ice to support populations of key food sources. The researchers thought that changing diets would accompany the decline in population, but by analyzing the spectral signatures of all the guano stains found in cloud-free Landsat image of the islands since 1982, they were surprised to discover the penguins' diets have stayed the same.
Penguin guano ranges from white to pink to dark red. White guano is from eating mostly fish; pink and red is from mostly eating krill. The University of Connecticut's Casey Youngflesh, however, noticed some intriguing regional patterns in what Adélie penguins eat. Colonies in West Antarctica tend to eat more krill, while colonies in East Antarctic consume more fish. The reasons for the difference are not clear, though Youngflesh is looking into the possibility that differences in the Antarctic silverfish population may be a factor.
Discovering the big colonies on the Danger Islands has also opened up a new pathway for figuring out when penguins first arrived. By digging through layers of guano-stained pebbles during a recent field expedition and dirt and dating them with radiocarbon techniques, Michael Polito of Louisiana State University worked out that penguins must have arrived on the Danger Islands about 2,900 years ago, thousands of years earlier than previous evidence suggested.
Expect to hear even more guano-stained discoveries in the future. "We are only just scratching the surface of what we can do in terms of tracking seabirds from space," said Lynch. "We should be able to extend the technique to snow petrel, boobies, and cormorants."
Lynch put the total number of penguins on the Danger Islands at roughly 1.5 million (individual birds) — more than live on all the rest of the Antarctic Peninsula combined.
Read more about the Danger Island Adélie penguins from NASA and MAPPPD.
In July 2016, the lower portion of a valley glacier in the Aru Range of Tibet detached and barreled into a nearby valley, killing nine people and hundreds of animals. The huge avalanche, one of the largest scientists had ever seen, sent a tongue of debris spreading across 9 square kilometers (3 square miles). With debris reaching speeds of 140 kilometers (90 miles) per hour, the avalanche was remarkably fast for its size.
Researchers were initially baffled about how it had happened. The glacier was on a nearly flat slope that was too shallow to cause avalanches, especially fast-moving ones. What's more, the collapse happened at an elevation where permafrost was widespread; it should have securely anchored the glacier to the surface.
Two months later, it happened again — this time to a glacier just a few kilometers away. One gigantic avalanche was unusual; two in a row was unprecedented. The second collapse raised even more questions. Had an earthquake played a role in triggering them? Did climate change play a role? Should we expect more of these mega-avalanches?
Now scientists have answers about how these unusual avalanches happened. There were four factors that came together and triggered the collapses, an international team of researchers reported in Nature Geoscience. The scientists analyzed many types of satellite, meteorological, and seismic data to reach their conclusions. They also sent teams of researchers to investigate the avalanches in the field.
First, increasing snowfall since the mid-1990s caused snow to pile up and start working its way toward the front edge of the glaciers (a process known as surging). Second, a great deal of rain fell in the summer of 2016. As a result, water worked its way through crevasses on the surface and lubricated the undersides of the glaciers. Third, water pooled up underneath the glaciers, even as the edges remained frozen to the ground. Fourth, the glaciers sat on a fine-grained layer of siltstone and clay that became extremely slippery.
Earth Observatory checked in with Andreas Kääb (University of Oslo), lead author of the study, to find out more about how the avalanche happened and what it means.
These glaciers were not on a steep slope, but the avalanche moved quite quickly. How did that happen?
Strong resistance by the frozen margins and tongues of the glaciers allowed the pressure to build instead of enabling them to adjust. The glaciers were loading up more and more pressure until the frozen margins suddenly failed. Local people reported a load bang. Once the margins failed, there was nothing at the glacier bed to hold it back, just water-soaked clay.
Your study notes that there was "undestroyed grassy vegetation on the lee side of the hills, suggesting that the fast-moving mass had partially jumped over it." Are you saying the avalanche was airborne? If so, is that unusual?
Yes, for a small part of the avalanche path. We see this for other large-volume, high-speed avalanches, and it really illustrates the massive amount of energy released. You need quite high speeds in order for debris to jump. For us, the phenomenon is important as validation for the speeds obtained from the seismic signals the avalanches triggered and the avalanche modeling that we did.
Would you say these collapses were a product of climate change?
Climate change was necessary, but other factors that had nothing to do with climate were also critical. The increasing mass of the glaciers since the 1990s and the heavy rains and meltwater in 2016 are connected to climate change. The type of bedrock and the way the edges were frozen to the ground had nothing to do with climate change.
Can we expect to see more big glacial collapses as the world gets warmer?
It's not clear. Climate change could increase or, maybe even more likely, decrease the probability of such massive collapses. Most glaciers on Earth are actually losing mass (not gaining, like the two glaciers in Tibet were). Also, if permafrost becomes less widespread over time and glacier margins melt, it is less likely that pressure will build up in that way that it did in this case.
I know you used several types of satellite data as part of this analysis. Can you mention a few that yielded particularly useful information?
We used a lot of different sources of data: Sentinel 1 and 2, TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X, Planet Labs, and DigitalGlobe WorldView. Landsat 8 was absolutely critical because it gave the first and critical indication of the soft-bed characteristics. The entire Landsat series was instrumental for checking the glacier history since the 1980s. We also used declassified Corona data back to the 1960s.
Are these sorts of avalanches likely to happen in other parts of the world?
Honestly, I have no clue at the moment, but we would be much less surprised next time. We know now that this type of collapse can happen under special circumstances. (It happened once before in the Caucasus at Kolka Glacier.) One thing that should be investigated is whether there are other glaciers—especially polythermal ones—with these very fine-grained materials underneath them.
If you live on the West Coast of North America, you have probably heard meteorologists talk about "atmospheric rivers" — the narrow, low-level plumes of moisture that often accompany extratropical storms and transport large volumes of water vapor across long distances. When atmospheric rivers encounter land, they can drop tremendous amounts of rain and snow. That can be good for replenishing reservoirs and for quenching droughts, but these remarkable meteorological features can also trigger destructive floods, landslides, and wind storms.
During the past decade, atmospheric rivers have fueled a flood of another type: scientific research papers. Prior to 2004, fewer than 10 studies mentioned atmospheric rivers in any given year; in 2015, about 200 studies were published on the matter. The availability of increasingly sophisticated satellite and aircraft data has fueled the trend, according to a recent article in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Here's a sampling of what scientists have learned about these rivers in the sky.
They Can Bring Rains, Winds, And Lots of Damage
In a study led by Duane Waliser of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and published in Nature Geoscience, researchers showed that atmospheric rivers are among the most damaging storm types in the middle latitudes. Of the wettest and windiest storms (those ranked in the top 2 percent), atmospheric rivers were associated with nearly half of them. Waliser and colleagues found that atmospheric rivers were associated with a doubling of wind speed compared to all storm conditions.
They Shift With The Seasons
During the winter, atmospheric rivers in the Pacific generally shift northward and westward, Bryan Mundhenk of Colorado State University and colleagues concluded in a study. They also found that the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle can affect the frequency of atmospheric river events and shift where they occur. The research was based on data processed by MERRA, a NASA reanalysis of meteorological data from satellites.
They Aren't Just a West Coast Thing
Atmospheric rivers are a global phenomenon and responsible for about 22 percent of all water runoff. One recent study from a University of Georgia team underscored that the U.S. Southeast sees a steady stream of atmospheric rivers. "They are more common than we thought in the Southeast, and it is important to properly understand their contributions to rainfall given our dependence on agriculture and the hazards excessive rainfall can pose," said Marshall Shepherd of the University of Georgia. Other studies note that atmospheric rivers have contributed to anomalous snow accumulation in East Antarctica and extreme rainfall in the Bay of Bengal.
Climate Change Could Alter Them
A recent study led by Christine Shields of the National Center for Atmospheric Research suggests that climate change could push atmospheric rivers in the Pacific toward the equator and bring more intense rains to southern California. The modeling calls for smaller increases in rain rates in the Pacific Northwest. Another ensemble of models shows a in the number of days with landfalling atmospheric rivers in western North America.
Satellites Are Key to Studying Their Precipitation
While there are few ground-based weather stations in the open ocean to tally how much rain falls, satellites such as those included in the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission can estimate precipitation rates from above. "Satellites have proven valuable over both the ocean and land, though uncertainties are often larger over land because of complicating factors like the terrain and the presence of snow on the surface," said Ali Behrangi, the author of a study that assessed the skill of different satellite-derived measurements of precipitation rates.
In recognition of World Oceans Day (June 8) and this week's UN Oceans Conference, here are some recent highlights from ocean science…
1.4 Million Pixels of Salt
The Gulf of Mexico, like any sea, is rich in dissolved salts. Unlike most seas, the Gulf also sits atop a big mound of salt. Left behind by an ancient ocean, salt deposits lie beneath the Gulf seafloor and get pressed and squeezed and bulged by the heavy sediments laying on top of them. The result is pock-marked, almost lunar-looking seafloor. The many mounds and depressions came into clearer relief this spring with the release of a new seafloor bathymetry map compiled from oil and gas industry surveys and assembled by the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.
3D Water Babies
NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio took a look back at conditions in the Pacific Ocean in 2015-16, which included the arrival and departure of both El Nino and La Nina. The 3D visualizations were derived from NASA's Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) dataset, a global climate modeling effort that is built from remote sensing data.
In other Nino news, a research team led by NASA Langley scientists found that the strong 2015-2016 El Niño lofted abnormal amounts of cloud ice and water vapor unusually high into the atmosphere, creating conditions similar to what could happen on a larger scale in a warming world.
Not the Kind of Brightening You Want to See
For past few years, warm ocean temperatures in the western Pacific Ocean have wrecked havoc on the Great Barrier Reef. Extreme water temperatures can disrupt the symbiotic partnership between corals and the algae that live inside their tissues. This leads the colorful algae to wash out of the coral, leaving them bright white in what scientists refer to as "bleaching" events. The health of coral reefs is usually monitored by airborne and diver-based surveys, but the European Space Agency recently reported that scientists have been able to use Sentinel 2 data to identify a bleaching event on the Great Barrier Reef. Such satellite monitoring could prove especially useful for monitoring reefs that are more remote and not as well studied as those around Australia.
Eyeing the Fuel for Hurricane Season
On June 1, the beginning of Atlantic Hurricane Season, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration released a map of sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. The darkest orange areas indicate water temperatures of 26.5°C (80°F) and higher — the temperatures required for the formation and growth of hurricanes. Forecasters are expecting a hurricane season that is a bit more active than average.
(Finger)Prints of Tides
In a new comprehensive analysis published in Geophysical Research Letters, a French-led research team found that global mean sea level is rising 25 percent faster now than it did during the late 20th century. The increase is mostly due to increased melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. A big part of the study was a reanalysis and recalibration of data acquired by satellites over the past 25 years, which are now better correlated to surface-based measurements. The study found that mean sea level has been increasing by 3 millimeters (0.1 inches) per year. The American Geophysical Union published a popular summary of the study.
Old-growth forests are vital because they capture large amounts of carbon and provide homes to hundreds of species. In the Eastern United States, trees in these minimally disturbed ecosystems tend to be more than 120 years old.
Can satellites help pinpoint this "old-growth" and quantify its value? That was the question Joan Maloof posed to a group of researchers during a talk at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in May 2017. As head of the Old-Growth Forest Network and a professor at Salisbury University, Maloof aims to identify stands of old-growth forests for conservation. A large part of her job involves explaining why these areas are important—something satellite data can help show.
As it turns out, satellites have already told us much about trees. A 2012 story from NASA Earth Observatory described some of the remote sensing methods researchers use:
Scientists have used a variety of methods to survey the world's forests and their biomass. […] With satellites, they have collected regional and global measurements of the "greenness" of the land surface and assessed the presence or absence of vegetation, while looking for signals to distinguish trees from shrubs from ground cover.
In January 2017, a paper in Science Advances tracked intact forest landscapes between 2000 and 2013. (Intact forest landscapes were defined as areas larger than 500 square kilometers with no signs of human activity in Landsat imagery). This new research underscores the importance of such landscapes. The study's authors identified several key findings:
For more information on trees and satellites, check out the NASA Earth Observatory feature, "Seeing Forests for the Trees and the Carbon: Mapping the World's Forests in Three Dimensions."
One of the more distinctive things about Earth among the planets is that we have plate tectonics. In other words, the hard, outer shell of the planet (called the lithosphere) is divided into several cool, rigid plates that float atop a hotter, more fluid layer of rock (the asthenosphere). These rigid surface plates do not float placidly: their grinding, colliding, shifting, and diving causes earthquakes, fuels volcanoes, builds mountains, tears open oceans, and constantly remodels and resurfaces the planet.
That is a far cry from what is happening on Mars and Titan, according to a recent study published in Science. Researchers came to that conclusion by carefully analyzing the way rivers cut through each of these planetary bodies. On Earth, countless rivers and streams snake their way across the surface. On Mars, rivers dried up long ago, but evidence of their presence remains etched into the arid surface. On Titan, Saturn's largest moon, rivers of liquid ethane and methane still flow into lakes.
By comparing imagery and data from all three planetary bodies, researchers noticed distinctive bends in the courses of rivers on Earth; these were formed as rivers were forced to wind around mountain ranges. These bends were absent in river networks on Mars and Titan. In an MIT press release, Benjamin Black, a geologist at the City College of New York, explained:
"Titan might have broad-scale highs and lows, which might have formed some time ago, and the rivers have been eroding into that topography ever since, as opposed to having new mountain ranges popping up all the time, with rivers constantly fighting against them."
Read more about the study from New Scientist, Space.com, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Read the full study in Science. Read this NASA Earth Observatory story to learn more about how scientists are using satellites to study river width on Earth.
In the triptych at the top of the page, the image of Parana Valles on Mars was acquired by the Viking 1 orbiter on September 13, 1976. The image of the Nile was captured by NASA's Terra satellite on August 10, 2000. NASA's Cassini spacecraft captured the image of Vid Flumina on Titan on September 26, 2012.
It is no secret that many diesel cars and trucks emit more pollution under real-world driving conditions than during laboratory certification testing. Many lab tests, for instance, are run with perfectly maintained vehicles on flat surfaces in ideal conditions. In the real world, drivers chug up hills or sit in traffic in bad weather in vehicles well past their prime.
Until this month, nobody had tallied the health effects of all the excess diesel air pollution entering the atmosphere through real-world driving conditions. According to a new study published in Nature, vehicles in eleven major markets (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Europe, India, Japan, Mexico, Russia, South Korea, and the United States) emitted about 4.6 million more tons of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in 2015 than official laboratory tests suggested they would. NOx contributes to the accumulation of both ground-level ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the atmosphere.
According to the research team, nearly one-third of heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions and over half of light-duty diesel vehicle emissions are above the certification limits. On average, light-duty diesel vehicles produce 2.3 times more NOx than the limit; heavy-duty diesel vehicles emit more than 1.45 times the limit.
The authors of the study calculated the health effects for current and future levels of this excess diesel NOx by running a global atmospheric chemistry model that simulates the distribution of PM2.5 and O3. The bottom line: excess NOx caused 38,000 premature deaths in 2015. It could cause as many as 183,600 premature deaths by 2040 as the use of diesel increases.
"We estimate that excess diesel NOx emissions from on-road trucks, buses, and cars leads to upwards of 1,100 premature deaths per year in the U.S.," said Daven Henze, a professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Colorado and member of NASA's Health and Air Quality Applied Sciences Team.
Other key findings from the study:
For more information, read a press release and fact sheet from the International Council on Clean Transportation, a press release from the University of Colorado, and a press release from the University of York. To find out more about global air pollution trends, read A Clearer View of Hazy Skies from NASA Earth Observatory.
A mystery about global methane trends just got more muddled. Two studies published in April 2017 suggest that recent increases in atmospheric concentrations of methane may not be caused by increasing emissions. Instead, the culprit may be the reduced availability of highly reactive "detergent" molecules called hydroxyl radicals (OH) that break methane down.
Understanding how globally-averaged methane concentrations have fluctuated in the past few decades—and particularly why they have increased significantly since 2007—has proven puzzling to researchers. As we reported last year:
"If you focus on just the past five decades—when modern scientific tools have been available to detect atmospheric methane—there have been fluctuations in methane levels that are harder to explain. Since 2007, methane has been on the rise, and no one is quite sure why. Some scientists think tropical wetlands have gotten a bit wetter and are releasing more gas. Others point to the natural gas fracking boom in North America and its sometimes leaky infrastructure. Others wonder if changes in agriculture may be playing a role."
The new studies suggest that such theories may be off the mark. Both of them find that OH levels may have decreased by 7 to 8 percent since the early 2000s. That is enough to make methane concentrations increase by simply leaving the gas to linger in the atmosphere longer than before.
As a press release from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) noted: "Think of the atmosphere like a kitchen sink with the faucet running," said Christian Frankenberg, an associate professor of environmental science and engineering at Caltech and a JPL researcher. "When the water level inside the sink rises, that can mean that you've opened up the faucet more. Or it can mean that the drain is blocking up. You have to look at both."
Unfortunately, neither of the new studies is definitive. The authors of both papers caution that high degrees of uncertainty remain, and future work is required to reduce those uncertainties. "Basically these studies are opening a new can of worms, and there was no shortage of worms," Stefan Schwietzke, a NOAA atmospheric scientist, told Science News.
You can find the full studies here and here. The University of Bristol has also published a press release.
Four years ago today, one of the largest non-volcanic landslides in U.S. history began high on the northern wall of Utah's Bingham Canyon mine. During two main bursts of activity that day, several million cubic meters of rock and soil careened deep into the mine's pit.
This was a case where science and the right preparation saved lives. The company that runs the mine had installed an interferometric radar system months before the slide, and it prevented miners from being blindsided. With the radar system in place, mine operators detected changes in the stability of the pit's walls well before the landslide occurred. When the slope finally gave way, all the workers in the pit had already been evacuated. Not one person was injured.
The image above was acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on the Earth Observing-1 satellite on May 2, 2013. For more detailed and recent images of the mine pit, see the montage below. Photos A, B, and C — from Rio Tinto Kennecott — show an overview of the pit, the source area, and slide debris in the immediate aftermath of the event. D is an aerial image from the state government of Utah that shows the mine nine months before the landslide. E is part of the ALI satellite image above. F is a second aerial image taken in February 2014. By then, much of the debris had been removed and a new access road had been built.
The montage was originally published in March 2017 by the Journal of Geophysical Research as part of a study authored by Jeffrey Moore of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The University of Utah wrote about the research in a recent blog post:
On April 10, at 9:30 p.m. and again at 11:05 p.m., the slope gave way and thundered down into the pit, filling in part of what had been the largest man-made excavation in the world. Later analysis estimated that the landslide was at the time the largest non-volcanic slide in recorded North American history. Now, University of Utah geoscientists have revisited the slide with a combined analysis of aerial photos, computer modeling, and seismic data to pick apart the details. The total volume of rock that fell during the slide was 52 million cubic meters, they report, enough to cover Central Park with 50 feet of rock and dirt. The slide occurred in two main phases, but researchers used infrasound recordings and seismic data to discover 11 additional landslides that occurred between the two main events. Modeling and further seismic analysis revealed the average speeds at which the hillsides fell: 81 miles per hour for the first main slide and 92 mph for the second, with peak speeds well over 150 mph.
The interferometric radar system is not the only safety technology in place at Bingham Canyon. Drones, GPS, and trained experts keep a vigilant eye out for signs of landslides at this mine. Technology and tactics like this mean landslides cause very few injuries and deaths in the United States even though significant landslide potential exists in many parts of the country. As we recently reported, many other parts of the world (notably Africa and South America) are not nearly so fortunate.


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Peter Wright
(Southwark Cathedral)
Programme (Back to 2019/2020 Season)
Dankpsalm (Op. 145, No. 2) - Max Reger (1873-1916)
Chorale Prelude: - J S Bach (1685-1750)
"Mit Fried' und Freud' ich fahr dahin" (BWV 616)
Praeludium in F sharp minor (BuxWV 146) - Dietrich Buxtehude (1637-1707)
Deux danses à Agni Yavishta - Jehan Alain (1911-1940)
Two Pièces de Fantaisie - Louis Vierne (1870-1937)
Feux follets
Clair de lune
Concert Fantasy on the tune of 'Hanover' (Op. 4) - Edwin Lemare (1866-1934)
Following this Peter Wright became Sub-Organist at Guildford Cathedral and was then Organist and Director of Music at Southwark Cathedral from 1989-2019. In March 2014 the Bishop of Southwark awarded him an Honorary Lay Canonry to mark his 25 years in the post. Under his direction the Choir recorded many CDs and undertook three tours to the USA and several to the Continent. They sang at the PROMS and in John Rutter's annual Christmas Concert at the Royal Albert Hall and broadcast regularly on television and radio.
Much in demand as an organ recitalist and choral conductor, both here and abroad, Peter enjoys a wide and varied repertoire. In addition he plays regularly with the country's leading orchestras, both solo and continuo; most recently with the City of London Sinfonia, conducted by Stephen Layton, in Poulenc's Organ Concerto. He has travelled widely in Europe, Japan and South Africa and has just returned from a tour of Australia and New Zealand.
Peter Wright is a trustee of the Nicholas Danby Trust which seeks to support young organists of outstanding promise by awarding scholarships and bursaries for conservatoire study within Europe. In May 2011 he was awarded the prestigious FRSCM, in recognition of his work at Southwark and for church music in general, and he is also an Honorary Fellow of the Guild of Church Musicians. Now a Vice-President of the Royal College of Organists, Peter Wright became a member of the Council in 1990 and was Chief Examiner from 1997 before becoming President (2005-2008).

subset: commoncrawl


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Cross curves of stability is a set of curves from which the KN values for a set of constant heel-angle values at any particular displacement may be read. Thus, we have a curve for heel angle of 10°, next for 20° and so on. To find KN values for a given displacement volume it is necessary to draw a vertical line and read the values where this line crosses the curves. Nowadays KN values in tabulated forms are used instead of curves.
Wärtsilä is a global leader in smart technologies and complete lifecycle solutions for the marine and energy markets. By emphasising sustainable innovation, total efficiency and data analytics, Wärtsilä maximises the environmental and economic performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers.


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HS Code of 85076000, Lithium-ion, Indian HS Classification 85076000, Harmonised Code 85076000, Duty Structure Lithium-ion
OK, so we are still not equal with the lithium battery price. Hang in there. This is where cycle count comes into play. At 20% DoD, the lead acid batteries are rated for 3000 cycles. At 80% DoD, the SimpliPhi lithium batteries are rated for 10,000 cycles.
Solar street light-5% Solar pump-5% Considering that many states including Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana had so far exempted solar equipment including solar panels from VAT, the new GST rates will have a direct cost impact on the consumers.
Use this trick to save $$$ - This is how I bring Nicad Batteries back to life when they will no longer charge or the go dead quickly between charges. For a Lithium Battery see my other video: You ...
The lithium ion battery of this LED work light could sustain over 3 hours of running per charge. ... What is the solar street light hsn code ? ... 2005-2017 Lingda ...
STREET LIGHT: With Li-ion battery. We have introduced a new product Li-ion battery based solar street light system. In which, solar powered lighting consists of a solar panel that collects the sun's energy during the day and stores it in a rechargeable Li-ion battery.
for solar street light application, which has more than 10 years service life; EverExceed LLS series batteries are the best choice for the durable, safe, environment-friendly energy solution and they can be customized according to your requirement, such as dimension, voltage, capacity of battery. With an increased lifespan, EverExceed LLS ...
After doing a bit of reading online I found a lot of pages that said that you cannot float charge a Li-Ion battery, some tell of dire consequences like exploding batteries and toxic fumes.. Obviously we want to avoid this! We want to use this solar panel battery pack set up during a camping/road trip and will be mostly charging the battery ...


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As 2014 wraps up, we thought we'd share our best selling items of 2014! They are listed below, drumroll please…..
1. Collapsible Foam Can Coolers (#TCC-115)
This is our best selling item by a landslide, with 34 different product color options, 23 imprint color options, hundreds of customizable pre-designed art template options and a great price, who wouldn't want to order these!? Wedding can coolers were a crowd favorite (an example of some of our wedding artwork templates are shown below)!
2. Collapsible Neoprene Can Coolers (#TCC-105)
This can cooler is our "next step" up in quality from our foam can coolers, made from 3mm thick neoprene wet-suit material, this gives your drink premium insulation! This item also comes in 28 different product color options and 23 imprint color options, the options are endless!
3. 6′ Full Color Throw Style Tablecover (#TTC100)
Set your business, company or school apart from the competition with this 100% polyester custom tablecover, this cover offers a front full color design that will highlight your business, company or school logo for any event or trade show!
4. Full Color Can Coolers
These can coolers take your promotional can coolers to a whole new level by completely customizing this entire can cooler with full color artwork to pump up your advertising or really make your event stand out! These were a hit for the wedding favors as well as we have quite a few customizable artwork templates.
5. 16 oz. Stadium Cup (#TSC102)
This best selling cup is available in 20 different product color options and is perfect for sporting events, concerts, weddings and more! Made from High Density Polypropylene Material, these cups are built to last!
6. 6′ One Color Imprint Throw Style Tablecover (#TTC131)
This is just like our 6′ full color tablecover mentioned above but a 1 color style! The price is a little cheaper due to the 1 color imprint but still functions the same as these covers are professional cost-effective merchandising!
7. Collapsible Foam Zippered Bottle Insulators (#TCC-101)
Koozies® aren't just for cans anymore! Insulate your 12 oz. longneck bottles in our collapsible foam zippered bottle insulators, these feature a side zipper to easily get your beverage in and out and the other side features a large imprint area to display your logo or message!
8. 8′ Full Color Throw Style Tablecover
This is our 8′ style 100% polyester tablecover that offers a full color imprint on the front panel. This is a great way to get your brand out there wherever you may go as we make it easy for you to look professional!
9. 13″W x 16.5″H Polypropylene Drawstring Bag (#TDB100)
This cost effective is a powerful promotion on a budget! These drawstring bags are suitable for any event or party as these are made with 80 gram non-woven, coated, water-resistant polypropylene material. These also come in 11 different product color options and a large imprint area of 8″W x 9″H to showcase your logo, name or information!
10. 14″ x 18″ Polyester Drawstring Bag (#TDB105)
Give your potential clients, athletes or kids something they can use over and over again as these bags will do the advertising for you! Made from 210D Polyester including contrasting black simulated leather reinforced corners, these bags have "that look" that will last!
There you have it, those are our 10 best selling promotional items of 2014! Now onto 2015…happy New Year! 🙂


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We love this fantasy. Previously only available in the subscription and the Control 1 bundle, we received so many messages of "I need 10 additional mesh dresses sent to me immediately" that we decided to release it more broadly.
This fantasy, as the name implies, involves a set of over-the-door handcuffs and a mesh dress that is slowly torn (or cut) off her strand by strand. It also includes additional products to heighten the tease, such as a bullet vibrator and arousal gel. Platinum boxes include the JimmyJane Form 2, one of the titans of the vibrator world and a must-have in any collection.
Click below to read a review from Celeste, a member of our Fantasy Box team. She's as authentic as they come :)
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2 Bam. 4 Crak. 9 Dot. You may be asking what are these combinations of numbers and strange words? Some of you know exactly what I'm referring to, for those of you who are new to these terms, let me introduce you to the Chinese-inspired gaming phenomenon called Mah Jongg. Purchase Mah Jongg Mondays by Fern Bernstein How the game came to America Mah Jongg lore states … [Read more...]
House Sharing – A Trending Living Solution for Baby Boomer Women
Lately, I've been exploring the idea of house sharing. I'm caring for my significant other who has cancer and, even though it's a morose thought, I want to be prepared in case my living situation suddenly changes. So far, so good, knock on wood. As a general rule, women live longer than men and I've already experienced widowhood. Sharing a home with other Baby Boomer and … [Read more...]
Best of Boomer Blogs – Dealing with Life in Today's World
The midterm elections are upon us this week and some of our Boomer writers are getting nervous about the outcome. As frustrating as it can sometimes be, we can't let it stop us from moving forward. We have to be up for dealing with life no matter what happens, whether it's reliving experiences we had in the past, or fretting about the next wrinkle. As long as we carry on, … [Read more...]
High School Classes That Made Us the Baby Boomers We Are Today
It was inspiring to watch the Parkland students so articulately express their thoughts after the horrendous shooting they personally experienced. Their debate classes paid off. Now they are making a huge difference in the political landscape even though some "adults" protest they should have stayed in class and have even threatened them with bodily harm. It made me think of the … [Read more...]
Patti Cakes$ and Girl's Trip – 2 Inspiring Movies You Might Miss
We go to movie screenings often at the TV Academy in North Hollywood and now that we live 10 minutes away, we go even more. I love inspiring movies but wasn't sure about two of the films we were scheduled to see. I'd never heard of them before and their story lines didn't sound like my cup of tea. If they hadn't been screenings I probably would have missed them. Patty … [Read more...]


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understandable, good look,educated and friendly.
Family consists of me,dad mom and younger sister.
About Life Partner Preferences:
should look good , educated , understandable and should adjust with family. she should be working and from karnataka.


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Boss Town-Mobike 1
主持人:我们中国曾经是被称为自行车王国,自行车大国的, 但是现在,好像放眼望去我们自行车的这个拥有量,已经是远远地下降了。
Host: China used to be known as the kingdom of bicycles, but now, it seems that the amount of our bicycles has dropped a lot.
Host: But the guest come to our show today can be called a uncle according to our definition. He says he hopes to bring the bikes back to our daily life. Have you ever seen a bike with two orange wheels on the street? And its name is:?
Audience: "Mobike."
Host: Oh, you all know that! How much does it cost if you ride it?
Audience: 1 yuan. Or fifty cents.
Host : I hear someone says 1 yuan, and someone says 50 cents. So, do you know how much is his business worth?
嘉宾:他最近融了两个多亿美金嘛, 五轮的融资嘛,所以我匡算下来,估值啊,可能是号称是一百亿人民币。
Guest: He just received two hundred million dollars financing recently. It was the fifth round financing, so with a roughly calculation, the valuation of his company might be a billion yuan.
Host : I think the total valuation of Forever Bike, Phoenix Bicycle and Flying Pigeon was less than a million yuan back then. But today, he can make such a business big, only with 50 cents or 1 yuan at a time, what are the secrets to his success?
NARRATOR: Wang Xiaofeng was born in 1973, Da'an, Jilin.He graduated from the Department of Business Administration in Xiamen University at the age of 25, in 1997.
Then, he became a salesman in Procter & Gamble, and worked there for nine years.In the year of 2006, Wang Xiaofeng left Beijing for Shanghai to join Google.He set up the advertising channels for Google search engine in eastern China in the early times.
He worked in Coty, Tencent and Uber, and after eighteen years of working as an employee, the 42-year-old Wang Xiaofeng chose to set up his own business to join Mobike, becoming the co-founder and chief executive officer (ceo).
NARRATOR:Mobike connects smart phones with bicycles by using the mobile Internet technology, which allows people to rent and return the bike at any time and anywhere.It provides an option for the last-kilometer travel.
On February 20, 2017, Mobike announced the new financing of the D-round, introducing a new investment of Temasek Equity Investment, and also an additional investmen of Hillhouse Capital Group.
Until February 21, 2017, Mobike had received the financing more than $300 million.And it had introduced into 21 cities all over the country, and the size of bicycle supply was over 1 million. It's not too late for a forty-year-old man to set up a business. And we want to know this man, who is standing in the front line, will lead Mobike to where in the future?


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The Irish Connection by Jeff Pitcher
Regular price $12.00
A humourous look at the connections, historical and cultural, between Newfoundland and Ireland. Nostalgic recollections, folk legends and straightforward Newfoundland humour.
First Produced: 1988 by Moonlight Productions, Newfoundland.
Written With: Berni Stapleton and Amy House.
Running TIme: 90 minutes
Acts: 2
Male Cast: 1
Female Cast: 2
Other Cast: 1


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Indicators on Employment Conditions provide information on workplace practices and working arrangements relating to various leave entitlements, work-week pattern and work-life arrangements.
Employment Condition Table(s) for 2018 can be found in the following release(s). You can find out how family-friendly your organisation is against industry norms through Benchmarking Tools.
Released on: 16 January 2019
Released on: January 2019
Microsoft Office Excel documents are best viewed with Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and later versions. If you are using Microsoft Office Excel 2003 or earlier versions, please download the Microsoft Excel 2007 Compatibility Patch. If you do not have the Microsoft Office Excel software, please download the free Microsoft Excel Viewer.
Release: 28 Feb 2019
Release: 25 Jan 2019
Release: 16 Jan 2019
Release: 21 Nov 2016


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It's the most wonderful time of the year! But, it can also be the most stressful time of the year. Especially if you are hosting for the holidays. Check out some of our favorite books to ease the stress and enjoy the holidays with family and friends! Click on a title or cover to place a book on hold.
On Hosting:
What's a Hostess to Do? by Susan Spungen. Arranged in 313 easy-to-digest entries that take readers through every aspect of entertaining. The tips are time-saving ("Ten Great Assembled Desserts"), money-saving ("In Praise of Cheap Wine"), energy-saving ("Ten Jobs to Delegate"), and face-saving ("How to Handle Uninvited Guests"), plus there are 121 recipes to make entertaining easier than ever before.
On Cleaning & Organizing Your Home:
Simple Household Wisdom: 425 Easy Ways to Clean and Organize Your Home by Good Housekeeping. Filled with fabulous photographs of every room, plus genius tips, savvy shortcuts, and quick fixes for tidying, decluttering, organizing, adding style, and more, Good Housekeeping Simple Household Wisdom is your go-to guide for turning a house into the home you'll love even more.
On Decorating & Entertaining:
Soiree: Entertaining with Style by Danielle Rollins. Learn how to create a party timeline, how invitations set the tone, and how to plan a menu and gain dozens of ideas for setting festive tables. From signature cocktails to imaginative linens, flowers, and menus, Rollins brilliantly executes every detail.
Decorate for a Party: Stylish and Simple Ideas for Meaningful Gatherings by Holly Becker & Leslie Shewring. Split into ten sections covering a range of different colour palettes and styles, from Brights to Moody, Evening Sparkle to Forest Picnic, themes can be used for birthday parties, bridal showers, dinner parties, and more. There are step-by-step projects, plus a range of creative suggestions for decorating the table, backs of chairs and your home to welcome guests and make any occasion feel special.
On Celebrating:
How to Celebrate Everything: Recipes and Rituals for Birthdays, Holidays, Family Dinners, and Every Day in Between by Jenny Rosenstrach. A warm and inviting guide with more than one hundred time-tested recipes and a host of inspiring ideas for turning birthdays, holidays, and everyday occasions into cherished traditions.
On Cooking:
It's All in the Timing: Plan, Cook, and Serve Great Meals with Confidence by Gail Monaghan. It's All in the Timing teaches readers the how-tos of its recipes. Uniquely, it also shares the when-tos by organizing the recipes into more than 20 well-crafted menus. Culled from Monaghan's more than 30 years of home entertaining and culinary instruction, this book demystifies the preparation of each menu, treating the entire meal as an extended recipe. The book offers tips for meals that range from the modest and basic to the elaborate. From the simple luncheon to the grand holiday dinner, each menu begins with an Order of Preparations list—a snapshot of what to make, when to make it, and how to avoid common problems, ensuring your meal unfolds like clockwork.
Gatherings: Recipes for Feasts Great and Small by Flora Shedden. A gathering is an easy way of cooking and hosting. It means no pressure, no code of conduct, and everyone - cook included - can actually enjoy themselves. This collection is a mixture of modern dishes, staple snacks, salads and sides, interesting bakes, and puddings perfect to end a feast with. Nothing overly fussy or complicated, just tasty, pretty plates of food.
Forest Feast Gatherings: Simple Vegetarian Menus for Hosting Friends & Family by Erin Gleeson. Healthy recipes that anyone can make—dishes that are easy enough to prepare after a long day at work, yet impressive enough for a party—as well as to her visually stunning photography and watercolors. Erin handwrites each recipe over her photos to create diagram-like, step-by-step instructions that are vibrant, unique, and most important, easy to cook from. Gatherings offers detailed guidance on hosting casual, yet thoughtful, get-togethers from start to finish with recipes that serve 6 to 8. The book offers 100 new, innovative vegetarian recipes.
The Thanksgiving Table: Recipes and Ideas to Create Your Own Holiday Tradition by Diane Morgan. Everything from the foolproof secret to a moist bird and how to truss and carve it to menu suggestions and simple, elegant table settings. Plus, recipes for classics like cranberry relish as well as more innovative dishes--and a whole section devoted to vegetarians. And maybe best of all, do-ahead tips and plenty of food and technique photographs to make planning in advance a breeze.
On Wine:
Wine Isn't Rocket Science by Ophelie Neiman. With information presented in an easy, illustrated style, and chock-full of the fool-proof and reliable knowledge of a seasoned oenophile, Wine Isn't Rocket Science is the guide you always wished existed. From how grapes are grown, harvested and turned into wine, to judging the color, aroma, and taste of the world's most popular varietals, to understanding terroir and feeling confident ordering and serving wine at any occasion, this book explains it all in the simplest possible way. Every page, every piece of information, and every detail is illustrated in charming and informative four-color drawings that explain concepts at a glance.


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Even After A 25% Pop In The Last Two Weeks, Sina Is Seriously Undervalued
- After spectacular earnings and subsequent 25% increase in the shares, Sina is still very undervalued.
- Special Weibo distribution to Sina shareholders makes Sina a must-buy here.
- Shareholders of Sina will receive additional Weibo shares.
Soon after Sina (NASDAQ:SINA) reported a spectacular set of numbers a couple of weeks ago for its March quarter, I had written an article for another platform titled "Will Sina Slip Through Investors' Finger Yet Again?".
Sina's shares closed that day at $99.04 per share, up $15 after a blow-out earnings report the night before. Shares closed this past week at $104.25 per share.
Two weeks ago, Wall Street analysts were expecting the company to earn $2.30 per share in earnings for 2017, and currently, those estimates have been raised to $2.70 per share after the company's Q1:17 earnings report a couple of weeks ago. For 2018, estimates have been raised from $3.55 per share to $3.90 per share just in the last two weeks or so.
At $3.55 per share in earnings for 2018, Sina is currently valued at roughly 27x. Using a P/E multiple of just 31x (based on Wall Street estimated revenue growth for 2018 versus 2017) gives us a potential target price for Sina at $120.90 per share.
Sina has roughly $3.5 billion in cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, restricted cash and long-term investments on its books (zero debt) as of March 31, 2017, which works out to $47.70 per share using the 73.4 million fully diluted shares outstanding.
In addition, just this past Friday, Sina announced that it will be distributing additional shares of its majority-owned subsidiary, Weibo Corporation (NASDAQ:WB), to shareholders of Sina on a pro-rata basis. Shareholders of Sina (as of close of business of June 7, 2017) will receive one share in Weibo for every 10 shares held in Sina. After the distribution, Sina will own approximately 46% of Weibo Corporation.
Shares of Weibo currently trade at $77.57 per share (closing price as of 5/27/17), and at that price, the company is valued at $17 billion. Thus, Sina's 46% stake in Weibo (post fractional distribution of Weibo shares to Sina shareholders) is currently worth $7.8 billion.
So, Sina owns a $7.8 billion stake in Weibo, has roughly $3.5 billion in net cash, and will earn roughly $3.55 per share in 2018.
Based on its own earnings and expected growth rate going forward, Sina is reasonably worth $120 per share. Add in the $47 per share in cash that Sina has, plus the $100 per share (at least) in value of its stake on a per-share basis in Weibo, and the undervaluation is almost beyond any reason.
Put another way, Sina has cash and equivalents of $3.5 billion, and its stake in Weibo is valued by the market at $7.8 billion. Sina on a stand-alone basis is valued currently by the market at $7.4 billion. Even if we totally discount all of Sina's other revenue and earnings streams to zero, the company is being currently undervalued by the market by at least 50% just using its cash and 46% post-distribution stake in Weibo Corporation.
We could be looking at a share price well north of $150 per share (only based on the cash holdings and 46% stake in Weibo) in Sina when/if the market realizes there is free money for the asking or management decides to take advantage of the current undervaluation and makes the decision to "go-private."
So again, investors are faced with the question I seem to be asking quite often of late, "Will investors buy Sina here or will they buy it at higher levels?"
Something to think about this long holiday weekend.
Disclosure: I am/we are long SINA.


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What kind of Support
I help clear out the noise of ongoing work and provide additional capacity to focus your project on moving forward - get things done quickly, efficiently, and in the best way.
You specialize in your field. I specialize in getting things done. Let's work together to get your thing done.
Every project calls for a different kind of help. Let's start with a conversation.
We'll both learn something and we can see where to go from there.
Areas of specialty:
- Strategy, planning, research, project management and coordination
- Technology planning and implementation
- Organizational and operational systems and processes
- Available resources
- Find the right legal help
- Funding
- Plan and launch a project
- Find a space to use
- and more...
I do this work because I love to hear about new projects, why they need doing, contemplating the challenges involved, and visualizing the paths to a great solution. I can't wait to hear your story, even if it's just for the fun of the exchange. Tell me about it.


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|Townfolk, male
You find yourself in a small town known as Fentonville, population 727 in northern Nirmathas. The town is bustling with activity as another caravan has arrived from Lastwall. This small town has been ravaged by a war with undead hordes and demons. Thousands of the most vile creatures emerged from the deadliest dungeon ever unearthed: Rappan Athuk, sent by it's master - The Prince of Undead, Orcus.
The northern reaches of this wilderness kingdom, with all of the caravan activity, fertile land, plentiful game and nearby seaport has been vigilant at defending it's self and lawlessness is no longer tolerated. This is an unfortunate recent development for pirate Sea Captain Jack who was captured.
"Here ye, here ye! It's Execution DAY!"
|baldwin the merciful
Everyone is from a 25 mile radius of Fentonville, population 727, which is located in northern Nirmathas. Within that radius there are two other settlements: Orctown and Foggy Lake. Portions of the famed dungeon Rappan Athuk are also located within this area.
Everyone is gathering from far and wide as the pirate Sea Captain Bloody Jack has been caught in Foggy Lake a small port town on Lake Encarthan. He was brought to Fentonville to stand trial and to be promptly executed. Given Fentonville's recent history of repelling undead and demonic forces the population is quite excited about testing out their newly acquired weapon against chaos and evil...Gilly.
|baldwin the merciful
Common Knowledge that is known by history, lore, and life experience
Nirmathas has had a long history of being war-torn. It's even garnered the nickname of the "War-torn Wilderness." At first the turmoil arose with the collapse of Cheliax, then it continued through the bloody conflict with its southern neighbor Molthune which has continually tried to annex the lands from the Lastwall south. The early years of conflict were bloody and disorganized but overtime the fiercely independent people managed to solidify it's southern border and an uneasy truce developed between the two forces.
In war and in life, Nirmathi are fiercely independent. They are a people that instinctively define themselves by opposition to their regimented and bureaucratic former masters in Cheliax and Molthune. Nirmathi are a generous lot, but they hold freedom, liberty, and self-sufficiency above all else. Even the best ideas are flatly rejected if there is even the faintest hint of compulsion that would infringe upon individual liberty. That is until the undead hordes lead by demon generals emerged from the desecrated Rappan Athuk dungeon.
Over the last three years the small trading town known of Fentonville in northern Nirmathas, has been the epicenter of the invasion. (Note: Fentonville is a DM created town and does not appear in any Paizo material). Unlike most of Nirmathas, the town of Fentonville has been organized and the people are less concerned about "individual liberty" when it comes to survival.
|Henk Bash
Beorn the Divine and Bron Rilon
Beorn and Bron you are travelling with the first southern caravan heading from Vellumis, Lastwall to Fentonville, Nimathas. The snows have finally melted and the ground has firmed up enough to hold the teams of oxen, mules and horses that pull an assortment of wagons and carts. It's been a slow and uneventful 8 day journey, except for a few roudy insults and fights that have broken out during the evening hours amonst the members of the caravan.
It's two hours before sunset and the caravan master calls for Caravan to stop for the evening. "Make Camp yous lousy pieces of lice. We ain't gonna make it to town today. Should be there mid-day 'morrow, though."
Disregard the NPC profile line, it's an older avatar. He's not a villain, or at least you don't think he is.
|baldwin the merciful
Brandan Finn and Aggrah the White White
The two have came together to travel to Fentonville to sell some late winter furs, pelts, and meat that you've been able to forage. You've been travelling for the day and it's time to make camp as the sun is getting low on the horizon. You're still a few hours (7 miles) to the southeast of town but the Coast Road is insight and you can see clearing near the road.
As night approaches what are the two of you going to do?
Poke Poke, Dr Tes, and Calain
Five days ago three riders came to Orctown to take council with Meath'd and Mother. The meeting lasted less than an hour, the riders were given new horses, and they took off as quick as they arrived. Shortly thereafter your leader emerges holding a few pieces of parchment in his thick scarred hand. His lovely croney bride stands next to him.
"ME AND MOTHER GO." He's waving the parchment over his massive skull. "WE'S IMPORTANT...SUMMONED TO HEAR CASE AGAINST BLODDY CAPTAIN JACK." He scrunches his faces as Mother breaks wind. "WE'S TAKE YOU, AND YOUS, AND YOU, AND YOUS AND YOU AND YOUS," He seems to be randomly pointing to other orcs and goblins in the crowd.
He points to Calain, "We's don't take you, we's don't like you so much...MEAN. You come in 5 days though." He holds up 4 chunky fingers. "You no come right away either squirt." He points clearly at Poke Poke and growls at the goblin. "Not funny when you stabbed my arse."
He hands the parchments to Dr. Tes. "You come later with Poke Poke and Grumpy Cal. You in charge leave everyone else here to guard our stuff."
With that he takes about half the camp with him and he departs for Fentonville about three hours later.
What are you three doing?
|Bradan Finn
Bradan looks to Aggrah as the clearing and roadways comes into view.
"Well, looks like we'll make town midmorning or so tomorrow. Might as well set up a little camp and have some chow, no sense busting our butts to walking the dark. No one is gonna buy furs in the dark tonight, and I cant see like you can with no lights."
So long as the witch doesn't argue, Bradan drops his pack and begins to set up a small camp, in the treeline at the edge of the clearing. After gathering up some firewood, he digs a pair of holes and makes a small but efficient group fire, making ready to heat up some food.
"Got any leads on work in town? I ain't exactly hurting for coin, but it's nice to get paid heading in and out each way."
|Aggrah the White Witch
I'm good with camping here. Not in too much of a hurry. Besides camping under the stars is so much better than under the roof of a crowded inn.
Aggrah thinks a bit before responding to Bradan about work not sure about his feeling on Orctown even though he has been cordial enough with her and the OC.......
deciding per usual that the truth is the easiest/best way
Didn't really have any plans for work in town. Was just planning to stop in, sell some goods and then on to Orctown. This is actually my first trip away from home nothing to keep me there anymore.... holding back a tear looking up and saying a quick prayer to the stars/Pulura
Aggrah nods appreciatively at Bradans fire and begins cooking something deceptively tasty for the both of them...it's a poor witch that can't make her way around a stew pot
|Bradan Finn
"Oh, nice. That is for cooking, my skills are a bit on the old 'shoot animal, cook on a stick' variety."
Bradan doesn't bat an eye at the mention of Orctown, continuing to help prepare for the evening.
"I've done some work there before, but my mom is the one who usually worked with the orcs. She taught a bunch of em about herbs and edible fauna and foraging stuff. Turns out, living underground doesnt really teach you much about gathering food in the woods, or farming."
"That big old lady, the one they call Mother, she kinda scares me, if you know what I mean. Shes got the eye down, kinda looks right though ya."
Bradan shudders a bit and makes the antlers, a sign of Erastil's protection, almost unconsciously.
Calain accepted the Barb from Meth'd as the announcement was made.
He was glad for the excuse to finally return home and had no intention of coming back here.
His father would later sigh at the man's proclamation that he was done in Orctown.
But this place has been so good to us. I've more work here than ever before in my life. Stay boy, we'll only do better as the settlement grows.
Calain shook his head at his father 14th attempt to stop him.
My mind is made up father. I am tired of the mistrust of these Orcs and having to fight off the young bulls here, simply because they worry the woman prefer the looks of someone who doesn't have bloodshot eyes or a broken nose. I've never done a thing to start any of it, yet among the males here they'll always see me as competition. I'm not interested in fighting off imagined slights, nor staying in a place with no chance to better my skills.
With that, he left a few days later, ironically in the company of a half-orc AND a goblin.
But at least he was going home.
|baldwin the merciful
Scene: Bradan and Aggrah
Bradan when you gather branches you notice several trees in the camping area have parchment attached to them.
The fire begins to pop and snap as Aggrah works the flame, she has the beginning of a nice warm fire going. Aggrah as you fan the flames you notice something has Bradan's attention at the tree line.
|Bradan Finn
"Hey, Aggrah, you ever heard of someone called Bloody Captain Jack? This announcement says hes going on trial and will be executed, starting tomorrow. I'm guessing some local brigand or pirate, but I haven't heard of him, not that I can remember at least."
Bradan brings both parchments over to the witch.
"And some child has quite the vivid imagination. Where they got the parchment or know-how about beheadings, I cant guess, but there it is."
|Aggrah the White Witch
I've certainly heard of Mother. Can't be as scary as my O.C. all masked up and pissed off The O.C.s Witch Doctor mask was a terrifying thing to behold as a young girl
As far as "Bloody Jack"... yes, I remember one of the pigeons had news of him being a general nuisance. Looks like his luck ran out
Aggrah and the O.C. kept in touch with various healers throughout the region via pigeon, keeping abreast of various sicknesses and effective cures as well as the occasional news/gossip
Noticing that Bradan is staring at the tree line....whispers Anything out there? Aggrahs hand subconsciously itches to pull down the mask sitting atop her head...but she holds off for now
perception: 1d20 + 5 ⇒ (8) + 5 = 13
Aggrah blessed Bradan with a beneficial hex when they began traveling
PFS Legal Ward (Su) (Advanced Player's Guide pg. 67): A witch can use this hex to place a protective ward over one creature. The warded creature receives a +2 deflection bonus to AC and a +2 resistance bonus on saving throws. This ward lasts until the warded creature is hit or fails a saving throw. A witch knows when a warded creature is no longer protected. A witch can have only one ward active at a time. If the witch uses this ability again, the previous ward immediately ends. A witch cannot use this ability on herself. At 8th level and 16th level, the bonuses provided by this ward increase by +1.
|Bradan Finn
"I just saw these parchments, which is strange enough on it's own. I hope there's nothing and noone out there that wants to cause trouble tonight. At least you can see in the dark if something creepy-crawly or a two-legged predator decides to get froggy on us."
Bradan picks up his bow and slings it alongside his quiver, before making sure his polearm is propped within easy reach. Pulling a torch out of his pack, he jams the end into the ground a pace or two away from the small fire.
"Well, that's as best I can do for now. Maybe I'll be able to grab a lantern or some other light source in town tomorrow."
|baldwin the merciful
Scene: Bradan and Aggrah
I don't think either of you have knowledge local but if you do make a roll. Aggrah I'll let you make a knowledge history roll.
Bradan make a perception check.
Bradan shows Aggrah the parchments. The fire is burning well and there is plenty of dry timber and brush to keep it lit for the evening.
|Aggrah the White Witch
|Bradan Finn
|Poke Poke
"You no come right away either squirt." He points clearly at Poke Poke and growls at the goblin. "Not funny when you stabbed my arse."
"Not funny? What's not is your smell, you idiot. Next time don't fart on Poke Poke, or Poke Poke will cut your butt off.
TO: Poke Poke, Dr. Tes, and Calain
Beware and have care or you will lose all your hair." the old crone bride incoherently rambles some curse at those remaining in Orctown.
"What are you talking about you old bat? Poke Poke don't have hair. Come on Doctor lets let these idiots be."
|Beorn the Divine
Beorn stumbles out of his crate, shedding some small packets of what looks like blue crystal candy. Stuffing some into his pockets for later sampling, he stretches his arms and legs.
Such a frightful flight! I almost didn't get away from those cretins that cannot understand satire. But the road goes ever on and I will find my fortune elsewhere!
Beorn eventually notices the coarse language of the guards and decides that going the high road is in order.
Beorn launches into a tale of the Shephardess and the werewolf, a rather naughty rendition of the Boy who cried Wolf. Here, it was instead "OH! WOLFFFF! WOLFFF!!!"
Perform-Sing: 1d20 + 8 ⇒ (11) + 8 = 19
|Dr. Zestelim Tes
The good Doctor listens intently as Meathead speaks. Just another layer of interest in this unlikely settlement. Founded by some adventuring party of dwarves and madmen, led by an Ogre and Mother, so near humanity's squalor ...Orctown shouldn't work.
But it does!
When Meathead speaks to the cranky human, Tes tsks and shakes his head like a schoolmarm he thinks he once knew.
When it comes his turn, he proudly accepts the helm of leadership and documents. Poke Poke, though a delightful drinking companion and aggressive attourney, wasn't quite ready for the burden and the human, well, was human.
"Now, now, dear Mr. Poke, we should not rub our intellects in the faces of those lacking in such. Very gauche! But, yes, we have planning to do! Shall we?"
|Bron Rilon
|baldwin the merciful
|Poke Poke
"Now, now, dear Mr. Poke, we should not rub our intellects in the faces of those lacking in such. Very gauche! But, yes, we have planning to do! Shall we?"
Poke Poke nods his agreement"Lets."
And with that the two walk away from the assembly
|Bron Rilon
|baldwin the merciful
To: Beorn the Divine and Bron Rilon
Bron you stoop down and pick up the piece of parchment and glance a the words.
Bron as you examine the parchment you hear the Caravan Master yell at you. Sunlight git in on in here, time for grub." It appear the caravan master has given you a nickname based on your deity. "Boys no cheat'n in cards or dice t'night Sunshine's comin' back into camp." The bastard pokes fun at your goody two-shoes nature.
Meanwhile near the campfire, Beorn tries to diffuse a hostile situation. Several people meander over during the "Boy who cried Wolf" story. A few giggle even throw a few copper at your feet. Although you sense that you've only delay the conflict with the two hostile guards as they sneer at you. One mumbles, "Yer breed's responsible fer lots of deaths."
|baldwin the merciful
To: Dr. Tes, Poke Poke, and Calain
Dr. Tes you begin to sort through the various parchments that Meath'd shoved into your chest. You see there are three different messages:
The next couple days by without too much excitement, except several goblins have begun to dress and act like Poke Poke so they get to go to Fentonville. Eventually, the three of you can begin your journey to Fentonville.
I need each of you to make a perception check during your journey to Fentonville.
|baldwin the merciful
To: Bradan and Aggrah
Bradan as you and Aggrah settle in for the evening and the delicious sweet smell of roasted meat wafts around the camp, you catch the glimpse of something large in the tree line. Then the large bloodshot eyes spring forth...
Braddan: 1d20 + 3 ⇒ (6) + 3 = 9
Aggrah: 1d20 + 2 ⇒ (4) + 2 = 6
black bear: 1d20 + 3 ⇒ (4) + 3 = 7
Initiative order
Black bear
No map for this conflict but the bear emerges from the treeline and is 30 feet away.
|Bradan Finn
Bradan moves slowly but deliberately, taking the meat skewer from the fire and rising.
"No sudden moves, Aggrah...let's see if mister bear wants an easy meal or something more...exciting."
Wild Empathy (uh oh): 1d20 - 1 + 1 ⇒ (2) - 1 + 1 = 2
As I expected...
|Bear "So So Hungry"
To: Braden and Aggrah
Good idea but poor execution by Bradan
The large black bear's nose twitches but then it suddenly breeches the treeline as it runs towards the food source. The black bear seems to be hobbled only 30 ft in movement as it's hind leg has a nasty festering gash on it.
The bear will swipe at: 1 is Bradan, 2 is Aggrah
dice: 1d2 ⇒ 2
black bear, weakened: 1d20 + 6 - 2 ⇒ (9) + 6 - 2 = 13;dam, weakened: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (3) + 3 - 2 = 4
Since there is no map. The two of you are on either side of the campfire. The bear is positioned in front of the campfire. The bear can be flanked with each of you making a 5 foot step.
|Poke Poke
|Dr. Zestelim Tes
|Aggrah the White Witch
Having lived in the wild Aggrah has no qualms about killing an animal in self defense or for food.
She 5fts away from the wounded animal making sure to move away from the food that attracted it as well
Bad Bear she barks ominously activating her Evil Eye(reflavored archons judgment) dc14 fail equals -2 bab 4 rounds
Evil Eye (Su) (Advanced Player's Guide pg. 66): The witch can cause doubt to creep into the mind of a foe within 30 feet that she can see. The target takes a –2 penalty on one of the following (witch's choice): AC, ability checks, attack rolls, saving throws, or skill checks. This hex lasts for a number of rounds equal to 3 + the witch's Intelligence modifier. A Will save reduces this to just 1 round. This is a mind-affecting effect. At 8th level the penalty increases to –4.
two ways to handle this Bradan. Put the poor thing down or if you have some way of restraining it I could heal its wound so the creature has a chance to fend for itself would be so much easier if I could make things fall asleep like the OC. She'd have this bear asleep and tied up before it knew what hit it... but Aggrah was never able to make that sleep hex work. So here we are with a tough decision. Kill the bear or try restraining and healing it. She's actually fine either way. Up to Bradan
|Bradan Finn
"Restrain? I mean, once it's down that might be an option, but right now...gah!"
Bradan drops the meat and snatches up his polearm, stepping back to bring the glaive blade down onto the animal.
Chop!: 1d20 + 3 ⇒ (3) + 3 = 6 to hit, for 1d10 + 3 ⇒ (7) + 3 = 10 slashing damage (+2 to hit if Arragh has a weapon to threaten and flank)
|Bear "So So Hungry"
End of Round 1
Bear Will Save: 1d20 + 2 ⇒ (13) + 2 = 15
The witch gives the stink eye to the bear but it's too angry to notice it. Takes a minus for 1 RD
To: Braden and Aggrah
RD 2 Initiative order
Bradan - chops and misses
Black bear - missed twice
Bradan you miss by such a wide amount but the injured black bear still realizes it was attacked. Now the creature focuses his attention on the hunter (Bradan) and takes a 5 ft step closer.
30% chance the bear doesn't think it was attacked by Bradan: 1d100 ⇒ 59
black bear, weakened, hex, claw 1: 1d20 + 6 - 2 - 2 ⇒ (3) + 6 - 2 - 2 = 5;dam, weakened: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (3) + 3 - 2 = 4
black bear, weakened, hex, claw 2: 1d20 + 6 - 2 - 2 ⇒ (13) + 6 - 2 - 2 = 15;dam, weakened: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (4) + 3 - 2 = 5
Scene wise: Aggrah stepped back 5 ft and tried to hex but it failed (-2 for 1 RD). Bradan stepped back putting 10 ft of distance between him and the bear. He grabbed his glaive as he was stepping back but missed his attack. The bear stepped 5 ft closer to Bradan to close the reach distance and misses.
|Bradan Finn
|Poke Poke
|baldwin the merciful
Dr. Tes, Poke, Calain
The group heading from Orctown decided to take a short cut that Poke Poke knew existed. The "trail" resembled a bunny path and at times it was hard to follow. This task became more difficult after the sunset.
"Hu..grr…" A low groaning voice comes from behind the brushes 10 feet from where the adventurers are located. You don't see the creature but you can hear it coming.
Calain: 1d20 + 2 ⇒ (19) + 2 = 21
Poke Poke: 1d20 + 4 ⇒ (2) + 4 = 6
Dr Tes: 1d20 + 3 ⇒ (17) + 3 = 20
Zombie: 1d20 + 0 ⇒ (12) + 0 = 12
Initiative Order:
Dr. Tes
Poke Poke
I don't have a map for this encounter. The group is single file: Poke poke leading, Dr. Tes, then Calain. the trail is narrow and there are trees and bushes all around. The groaning sounds are coming where Dr. Tes is located but 10 feet away. It is nighttime.
|Aggrah the White Witch
OK Bradan, let's put it down!
sorry bear!
focusing her will once again on the bear
Evil Eye (Su) (Advanced Player's Guide pg. 66): The witch can cause doubt to creep into the mind of a foe within 30 feet that she can see. The target takes a –2 penalty on one of the following (witch's choice): AC, ability checks, attack rolls, saving throws, or skill checks. This hex lasts for a number of rounds equal to 3 + the witch's Intelligence modifier. A Will save reduces this to just 1 round. This is a mind-affecting effect. At 8th level the penalty increases to –4.
After eyeing the bear she draws a dagger readying to throw it next round
|Bradan Finn
"Okay, mister bear, you picked the wrong folks to try and nom down on!"
Bradan brings his weapon around again, keeping distance between himself and the animal.
Chop, part deux: 1d20 + 3 ⇒ (3) + 3 = 6 to hit (+2 if flanking), for 1d10 + 3 ⇒ (9) + 3 = 12 slashing damage
|Bear "So So Hungry"
RD 2 conclusion
Bear Will Save: 1d20 + 2 ⇒ (10) + 2 = 12
The black bear shivers as the witch gives him another evil eye.
RD 3 Initiative order
Bradan - chops and misses once again
Black bear - hit twice and I believe Bradan is quite hurt
The black bear's nose twitches at the cooking meat, "GRRRRRRRRROAR
Then it steps (5 ft) to close the range on Bradan.
black bear, weakened, hex, claw 1: 1d20 + 6 - 2 - 2 ⇒ (15) + 6 - 2 - 2 = 17;dam, weakened: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (3) + 3 - 2 = 4
black bear, weakened, hex, claw 2: 1d20 + 6 - 2 - 2 ⇒ (1) + 6 - 2 - 2 = 3;dam, weakened: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (2) + 3 - 2 = 3
Then the large maw chops down at pole wielding foe,
black bear, weakened, hex, bite: 1d20 + 6 - 2 - 2 ⇒ (18) + 6 - 2 - 2 = 20;dam, weakened: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (4) + 3 - 2 = 5
Bits of human flesh are viciously ripped away. The bear has a taste for human blood. It's tongue laps it's bloody muzzle.
dex fumble check: 1d20 + 3 ⇒ (4) + 3 = 7
The bear is unable to use it's second claw next turn since it failed it's dex check..
|Beorn the Divine
|Aggrah the White Witch
Seeing Bradan get chomped on....the bear must die
The white witch opens her mouth and lets loose a scream only the bear can hear.
School evocation [sonic]; Level bard 1, bloodrager 1, inquisitor 1, psychic 1, sorcerer/wizard 1, witch 1
Casting Time 1 standard action
Components V, S
Range close (25 ft. + 5 ft./2 levels)
Target one creature
Duration instantaneous; see text
Saving Throw Fortitude partial (see text); Spell Resistance yes
You unleash a powerful scream, inaudible to all but a single target. The target is dazed for 1 round and takes 1d6 points of sonic damage per two caster levels (maximum 5d6). A successful save negates the daze effect and halves the damage.
sonic damage+daze: 1d6 ⇒ 3
|baldwin the merciful
Beorn tries winning more of the crowd over, making the festive feeling infectious!
More people surround the bard, most are laughing and having a good time more copper pieces are tossed . The two moody guards leaving the ground. the area and make their way towards the caravan master.
|Bear "So So Hungry"
|baldwin the merciful
|Bradan Finn
"Agghh, that hurts like hell! Bad bear, no more mister nice guy!"
Bradan drops his polearm and steps back, drawing his now, nocking an arrow and loosing it in one smooth practiced motion.
PBS, deadly aim: 1d20 + 5 ⇒ (5) + 5 = 10 to hit, for 1d8 + 5 ⇒ (3) + 5 = 8 piercing damage
Jeez, the dice bot wants me to die!
|Bear "So So Hungry"
Scene: Bradan and Aggrah
RD 4 Black Bear
The arrow whizzes by and whacks a tree. The bear hesitates a moment than dashes over to the witch. With one claw it tries to slash at her throat.
black bear, weakened, hex, claw 1:: 1d20 + 6 - 2 - 2 ⇒ (7) + 6 - 2 - 2 = 9;dam, weakened:: 1d4 + 3 - 2 ⇒ (3) + 3 - 2 = 4
Dr. Tes, Poke, Calain
The group heading from Orctown decided to take a short cut that Poke Poke knew existed. The "trail" resembled a bunny path and at times it was hard to follow. This task became more difficult after the sunset.
** spoiler omitted **
** spoiler omitted **
"Hu..grr…" A low groaning voice comes from behind the brushes 10 feet from where the adventurers are located. You don't see the creature but you can hear it coming.
** spoiler omitted **
Initiative Order:
Dr. Tes
Poke Poke
I don't have a map for this encounter. The group is single file: Poke poke leading, Dr. Tes, then Calain. the trail is narrow and there are trees and bushes all around. The groaning sounds are coming where Dr. Tes is located but 10 feet away. It is nighttime.
Calain is the first to react to the sound. He scoots to the front of the line, drawing his Lucerine Hammer and keeping a distance of 10ft.Get behind me you two, and quick step 5ft back as I move.
Calain will ready his normal attack to Strike the creature as it comes within his reach.
The creature will also provoke an AOO if it closes to 5ft. He will use PUSHING Assault to keep the thing at Outside his 10ft
Calain will use PUSHING Assault on BOTH ATTACKS- each attack that hits can knock it back 5ft
Readied Attack, 2 hand Lucerine Hammer: 1d20 + 2 - 1 ⇒ (9) + 2 - 1 = 10
2 hand Damage: 2d6 + 3 ⇒ (3, 2) + 3 = 8
AOO if the Zombie tries to move within his 10ft polearm reach: 1d20 + 2 - 1 ⇒ (18) + 2 - 1 = 19
2 hand Damage: 2d6 + 3 ⇒ (6, 5) + 3 = 14
When you hit a creature your size or smaller with a two-handed weapon attack modified by the Power Attack feat, you can choose to push the target 5 feet directly away from you instead of dealing the extra damage from Power Attack. If you score a critical hit, you can instead push the target 10 feet directly away from you. This movement does not provoke attacks of opportunities, and the target must end this move in a safe space it can stand in. You choose which effect to apply after the attack roll has been made, but before the damage is rolled.
Assuming a standard Human Zombie Calain's 2nd Attack Hits, Doing 14 Damage and keeping the thing 5ft away. Possibly killing it. Next Rd, Calain will 5ft step back and repeat the routine
|Aggrah the White Witch
Woah!!! Shoot the damn thing! Aggrah has quickly transitioned from feeling sorry about the wounded bear....now she just wants some bear steaks with mushrooms and garlic with a side of baked potatoes and fresh greens
Aggrah goes
You can defend yourself as a standard action. You get a +4 dodge bonus to your AC for 1 round. Your AC improves at the start of this action. You can't combine total defense with fighting defensively or with the benefit of the Combat Expertise feat. You can't make attacks of opportunity while
using total defense.
She waves her dagger distractingly hoping that Bradan shoots the bear and not her. Moving 5ft to the side trying to give Bradan a clear shot.


text:
Café in the Clouds
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Error 404
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