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Recognizing a Commitment to Community Service
Applications for 2020 DTA Fouundation Scholarships is now closed!
Through the generous support of our donors, the DTA Foundation is proud to announce a new $25,000 dental student scholarship, in addition to eight new $10,000 scholarships, and up to 29 $5,000 dental student scholarships, to be awarded in 2020. The application process is now closed and applications are under review!
If you are interested in applying for a DTA Foundation scholarship in 2021, click here to be added to our e-mailing list.
Get ahead for next year's application by clicking here to view the eligbility and criteria guidelines! Applicants for next year's application must be in the class of 2022 or class of 2023 at a dental school accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation, with demonstrated financial need, have a commitment to community service and be in good academic standing with their university.
Congratulations to the 2019 DTA Foundation Scholarship Winners! Click here to see a complete list of the 2019 scholarship recipients.
Click below on the image to listen to this podcast for more information on the DTA Foundation scholarship program!
DTA Foundation Scholarship Program History:
The Robert J. Sullivan Family Foundation created a restricted fund with the DTA Foundation with an initial donation of $125,000 to support its efforts to improve dental education in the United States. The donation was made to honor the late Robert Sullivan and his love for the dental industry coupled with his strong connection to dental education. Two $5,000 scholarships were given out in 2012.
Thanks to additional contributions from the Dr. Edward B. Shils Entrepreneurial Fund and Crown Seating, the DTA Foundation was able to provide a total of four $5,000 scholarships in 2013.
As a result of a renewed commitment from the Robert J. Sullivan Family Foundation in 2013, a total of nine $5,000 scholarships were given out in 2014.
The DTA Foundation scholarship program experienced growth once again in 2015 with a generous gift from an anonymous donor, allowing ten $5,000 scholarships to be funded.
Thanks to ongoing support from the Robert J. Sullivan Family Foundation, the Dr. Edward B. Shils Entrepreneurial Fund, Crown Seating, and an anonymous donor, ten $5,000 scholarships were awarded in 2016.


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Welcome to Mr. Wilke's Webpage6th Grade U.S. History to 1865Mr. Wilke is a Sterling native who attended Seneca Ridge Middle School during the 2001-2002 school year. He then attended River Bend when it opened the following year and eventually Potomac Falls High School. In 2012, he graduated from Longwood University with a Bachelor's Degree of Arts in History: Social Science Secondary Education and a minor in Political Science.Mr. Wilke student taught in Amelia County, Richmond City, Prince William County, and his home Loudoun. The middle school level was his primary focus and he is most experienced with teaching 6th and 7th grade students.Before beginning to work full-time at SRMS in 2016, he was a substitute teacher at Dominion High School among many other LCPS locations. Mr. Wilke is proud to be a Thunderbolt again and looks forward to exploring the multifaceted themes surrounding United States History with his students.In his free time, Mr. Wilke enjoys watching the sports of baseball, hockey, football, and basketball and manages fantasy teams of all four. He plays in an adult softball league once a week in the spring and fall and tries very hard not to pull or strain a muscle while doing so by remembering to stretch beforehand. His collection of movies and music, attending live concerts, and being with his family occupies his time outside of Seneca Ridge.Mr. Wilke sponsors the Programming Club which meets every Wednesday after school and he proudly supports SRMS activities whenever he can. Just make sure to let him know when and where an event is happening so he can arrive promptly.You may contact Mr. Wilke at any time via his email.
YouTube Playlists by Unit of Study
Unit 1 - Geography
Unit 2 - Native American Indians
Unit 3 - European Exploration/West Africa
Unit 4 - First Colonies
Unit 5 - American Revolution
Unit 6 - New Nation
Unit 7 - Westward Expansion
Unit 8 - American Civil War
This Day in HistoryThere are two locations that I will post information about homework and summative assignments. Those would be Google Classroom and Parent/StudentVUE. Google Classroom will contain the actual assignments and needed materials while Parent/StudentVUE will be used to announce important upcoming dates.
Last Modified on February 13, 2020

subset: commoncrawl


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DENVER — They called him the Sky Spy -- he was the voice everyone in the Denver metro area turned to for breaking news and a vision of what was happening on the ground.
Don Martin, synonymous with KIMN radio and several other stations, passed away at Sky Ridge Medical Center last week -- he was 87.
From a young age, Martin knew what he wanted to do.
"He built his own radio station in the basement of their south Denver home at the 14," Don's daughter Amy Martin said in an interview with 9NEWS.
Don Martin's longtime friend Dan Hopkins told 9NEWS Don established a bar that had to be met journalistically. Don believed in the truth, in always responding and being there 24/7.
"He was the first airborne traffic reporter in Denver, he was the fifth in the country," Hopkins said. "And it was a time when there were no live tracks for TV, that didn't [happen] until the mid-70s, so any breaking news that happened was covered by Don in the airplane or Don (on) the ground in a mobile unit.
"Film had to come back and be processed before you could see it, so there was no live TV from breaking news, that was radio from Don Martin," Hopkins said.
Hopkins said Don Martin had to paint the picture for the listeners, "so you could see what he was seeing. He did it so well, that's why he's so remembered."
Amy Martin said while it's been a tough week since her father passed away, the family has been going through all of his archives, photos and newspaper clippings.
"It's been a fun reminder of all that history," she said.
SUGGESTED VIDEOS | Feature stories from 9NEWS


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Current Special offers have a spring & summer feeling…despite the current cold temperatures across Europe! So whether you want a late Ski break (the Chamonix ski season goes into May) or a Summer holiday in the beautiful French Alps, Chalet La Moraine has something to suit you.
14th – 21st April reduced to €1800 euros
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July from €2100 euros
Posted: February 11th, 2012 under Chalet La Moraine.


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ScienceTop Stories
China's Lunar Program Studies About Stones On Moon's Distant Side
Reportedly, China's lunar rover has carried a scientific detection on some stones on the distant side of the moon, which may assist scientists to find out whether they are native to the moon or from outer space. The Jade Rabbit-2 or rover Yutu-2 was sent to the Von Karman in the SPA (South Pole-Aitken) Basin on the distant side of the moon in the Chang'e-4 plan. Presently, the rover has passed through 127 Meters on the moon and is taking a "noon pause" as the temperature on the moon increases extremely high. It is planned to restart working soon and change to its latent mode, as per to the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program of the CNSA (China National Space Administration).
Researchers stated the rover has performed scientific detection on nearby stones and its tracks. The biggest stone noticed is of a diameter of about 20 Cm and the rover arrived around 1.2 Meters to it. Expertise from the NSSC (National Space Science Center) under the CAS (Chinese Academy of Sciences) stated they wanted to decipher the source of the stones, whether they are indigenous on the moon or meteorites from the outer space and if they are indigenous, what is the physical method of their configuration. Consequently, due to the tidal locking consequence, the moon's revolution cycle is similar to its rotation cycle, and it—for all time—encounters the earth with the same side.
On a similar note, China intends to launch its personal Mars probe in the next year. Reportedly, China's space agency scheduled to launch an investigation to Mars in the next year, after its latest successful landing on the Moon's distant side, as per to a statement from the country's well-known space scientists. The declaration came in advance of the meeting of the CPPCC (Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference), basically a legislative advisory group of delegates across the Chinese political spectrum.


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Ghost Ghirls (TV Series)
Spirits of '76: Part 1 (2013)
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Following a year of significant change and some revenue loss, the City of Wauseon is poised for advancement in 2020, Mayor Kathy Huner said.
City income tax revenue dropped to $3,940,402 in 2019 from $4,117,713 in 2018, according to Finance Director Jamie Giguere. She attributed the lower numbers to a decrease in employee withholding tax from city-based manufacturers.
Huner cited layoffs at International Automotive Components as one cause of the decrease.
"It was a little more rough on the budget," she said of the income tax loss. "Our income tax revenue coming in is not as strong as it had been. But we made it work."
Giguere said tax revenue generated in 2020 is expected to be similar in amount.
The mayor said the city also had less money last year due to ongoing payments for projects like the community swimming pool. The city's 2020 expense budget is $13.8 million, as compared to slightly over $14 million in 2019.
Despite the income loss, Huner said Wauseon fared well in 2019. Achievements included the appointments of former police chief Keith Torbet as the city's public service director and Kevin Chittenden as Torbet's successor.
"Hiring in new positions at the administration level is always huge for the city," Huner said. "There are a lot of new ideas and procedures in the way these men will handle their posts. They wanted to stay (with the city) and they wanted to give more."
She said she's sorry to see the city lose the decades of knowledge and education gained by former public service director Dennis Richardson, who retired in late 2019. But Huner praised Torbet and Chittenden, saying, "It always leaves the door open for others to come up who have dedicated their time to the system."
Huner also lauded them, Fire Chief Rick Sluder, and city pool manager Tom Burkholder for their efforts to keep their department expenses in check. "I'm very impressed with them. They really stepped up to keep the budget down," she said.
As for her role, Huner said, in hindsight she might have been more proactive in the development of downtown Wauseon and in bringing new industry to the city. "Being more proactive is always a good thing. It's always good to work together on projects for the benefit of the city – working with City Council and the administration."
Wauseon Chamber of Commerce Executive Director Bill Drummer said the organization welcomed 22 new members in 2019. The city has its share of empty storefronts, but no more than are found in other cities, he said.
"In the small business sector, it's hard for anybody to start a new small business," he said. "It's getting harder and harder to find start-ups for those spaces. But overall things are great in Wauseon. We had a number of people reinvest in their businesses. That's always encouraging to see that the ones that are here are prospering."
Huner said in 2020 the city administration will focus on improving infrastructure. Money has been budgeted for engineering plans on the infrastructure from Commercial Street to West Brunell and on portions of Vine and Chestnut streets. Bids will go out for a new water line project from Superior Street to Orth Road approved by the Ohio Department of Transportation, which is expected to begin at the end of February.
And she expressed thanks to citizens who volunteered to add to the city's downtown area with flowers and plants and give it curb appeal. "People are actually stepping up with the downtown beautification," Huner said. "That's always something I see as a huge positive, that people actually cared and wanted to do this. The more that we can get done, the better our city will look."
City Council President Jeff Stiriz gave Council an A-minus grade for its work in 2019. He said he regrets that work on a retention pond on Enterprise Avenue and on the aging water and sewer lines on Chestnut Street wasn't completed.
"We need to budget and follow through on things we didn't get done last year," he said.
Stiriz said he'll concentrate in 2020 on doing that.
"It's important to give the community what they need and what they want. We work for them," he said.
Reach David J. Coehrs at 419-335-2010.


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But I hate it when I'm caught in the act of taking a break! Yesterday I went for a run with some new running music, and I got all fired up by 'Is this the way to Amarillo?' and ran way too fast. I got so tired I had to walk the final mile.
And that's when I suddenly heard this voice shouting: 'Hey Jones! You gotta keep the pace up!' I looked up, and there stood my cousin Hank (50), in his soccer uniform. I gave an embarrassed little wave, and set off in a half hearted trot.
But when I ran home, I made sure 'Is this the way to Amaryllo' was playing when I passed my cousin Hank again!


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First, nowadays, supercomputers offer a great variety of architectures, with many cores on nodes e. Thus, shared memory parallelism is gaining more and more attention as OpenMP offers more flexibility to parallel programming. In fact, sequential kernels can be parallelized at the shared memory level using OpenMP: one example is once more the coarse solve of iterative solvers; another example is the possibility of using dynamic load balance on shared memory nodes, as explained in [ 25 ] and introduced in Section 4.
As mentioned earlier, the parallelization of the assembly has traditionally been based on loop parallelism using OpenMP. Two main characteristics of this loop have led to different algorithms in the literature. On the one hand, there exists a race condition. The race conditions comes from the fact that different OpenMP threads can access the same degree of freedom coefficient when performing the scatter of element matrix and RHS, in step 4 of Algorithm 1.
On the other hand, spatial locality must be taken care of in order to obtain an efficient algorithm. Shared memory parallelism techniques using OpenMP. The cost of the ATOMIC comes from the fact that we do not know a priori when conflicts occur and thus this pragma must be used at each loop iteration. This lowers the IPC defined in Section 1.
High Performance Computing Systems and Applications | Robert D. Kent | Springer
Loop parallelism using element coloring. The second method consists in coloring [ 26 ] the elements of the mesh such that elements of the same color do not share nodes [ 27 ], or such that cells of the same color do not share faces in the FV context. The main drawback is that spatial locality is lessened by construction of the coloring. In [ 28 ], a comprehensive comparison of this technique and the previous one is presented. Loop parallelism using element partitioning. In order to preserve spatial locality while disposing of the ATOMIC pragma, another technique consists in partitioning the local mesh of each MPI process into disjoint sets of elements e.
Then, one defines separators as the layers of elements which connect neighboring subdomains. By doing this, elements of different subdomains do not share nodes. Task parallelism using multidependences. Task parallelism could be used instead of loop parallelism, but the three algorithmics presented previously would not change [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. There are two new features implemented in OmpSs a forerunner for OpenMP that are not yet included in the standard that can help: multidependences and commutative.
These would allow us to express incompatibilities between subdomains. The mesh of each MPI process is partitioned into disjoint sets of elements, and by prescribing the neighboring information in the OpenMP pragma, the runtime will take care of not executing neighboring subdomains at the same time [ 33 ]. As explained in Section 1. The x -axis is time, while the y -axis is the MPI process number, and the dark grey color represents the element loop assembly Algorithm 1.
After the assembly, the next operation is a reduction operation involving MPI, the initial residual norm of the iterative solver quite common in practice. Therefore, this is a synchronization point where MPI processes are stuck until all have reached this point. We can observe in the figure that one of the cores is taking almost the double time to perform this operation, resulting in a load imbalance. Load imbalance has many causes: mesh adaptation as described in Section 2.
The example presented in the figure is due to wrong element weights given to METIS partitioner for the partition of a hybrid mesh [ 28 ]. There are several works in the literature that deal with load imbalance at runtime. We can classify them into two main groups, the ones implemented by the application may be using external tools and the ones provided by runtime libraries and transparent to the application code.
In the first group, one approach would be to perform local element redistribution from neighbors to neighbors. Thus, only limited point-to-point communications are necessary, but this technique provides also a limited control on the global load balance. Another option consists in repartitioning the mesh, to achieve a better load distribution.
In order for this to be efficient, a parallel partitioner e. In addition, this method is an expensive process so that imbalance should be high to be an interesting option. In general, these libraries will detect the load imbalance and migrate objects or specific data structures between processes. They usually require to use a concrete programming language, programming model, or data structures, thus requiring high levels of code rewriting in the application.
Finally, the approach that has been used by the authors is called DLB [ 25 ] and has been extensively studied in [ 28 , 33 , 36 ] in the CFD context. Principles of dynamic load balance with DLB [25], via resources sharing at the shared memory level. Threads running on cores 3 and 4 are clearly responsible for the load imbalance. When using DLB, threads running in core 1 and core 2 lend their resources as soon as they enter the synchronization point, for example, an MPI reduction represented by the orange bar. Then, MPI process 2 can now use four threads to finish its element assembly.
As already noted in Section 1. This is due to the combination of: substituting loop parallelism using coloring by task parallelism, thus giving a higher IPC; using the dynamic load balance library DLB to improve the load balance at the shared memory level. Let us close this section with some basic HPC optimizations to take advantage of some hardware characteristics presented in Section 1. Spatial and temporal locality The main memory access bottleneck of the assembly depicted in Algorithm 1 is the gather and scatter operations.
For example, when assembling element , the gather is more efficient after renumbering top right part of the figure as nodal array positions are closer in memory. Data locality is thus enhanced. However, the assembly loop accesses elements successively. Therefore, when going from element 1 to 2, there is no data locality, as element 1 accesses positions 1,2,3,4 and element 2 positions , , , Therefore, renumbering the elements according to the node numbering enables one to achieve temporal locality, as shown in the bottom right part of the figure.
Data already present in cache can be reused data of nodes 3 and 4. Optimization of memory access by renumbering nodes and elements. According to the available hardware, vectorization may be activated as a data-level parallelism. However, the vectorization will be efficient if the compiler is able to vectorize the appropriate loops. Let us consider a typical element matrix assembly. Let us denote nnode and ngaus as the number of nodes and Gauss integration points of this element; Ae, Jac, and N are the element matrix, the weighted Jacobian, and the shape function, respectively.
This loop, part of step 3 of Algorithm 1 , will be carried out on each element of the mesh. Now, let us define Ne, a parameter defined in compilation time. In order to help vectorization, last loop can be substituted by the following. Finally, note that this formalism can be relatively easily applied to port the assembly to GPU architectures [ 39 ].
The matrix and the right-hand side are distributed over the MPI processes, the matrix having a partial row or full row format. The algebraic solvers are mainly responsible for the limitation of the strong and weak scalabilities of a code see Section 1. Thus, adapting the solver to a particular algebraic system is fundamental. This is a particularly difficult task for large distributed systems, where scalability and load balance enter into play, in addition to the usual convergence and timing criteria.
The section does not intend to be exhaustive, but rather to expose the experience of the authors on the topic. The main techniques to solve Eq. The explicit method can be viewed as the simplest iterative solver to solve Eq.
In practice, matrix A is not needed and only the residual r k is assembled. Semi-implicit methods are mainly represented by fractional step techniques [ 42 , 43 ]. They generally involve an explicit update of the velocity, such as Eq. Other semi-implicit methods exist, based on the splitting of the unknowns at the algebraic level. This splitting can be achieved for example by extracting the pressure Schur complement of the incompressible Navier—Stokes Eqs.
The Schur complement is generally solved with iterative solvers, which solution involves the consecutive solutions of algebraic systems involving unsymmetric and symmetric matrices SPD for the pressure. These kinds of methods have the advantage to extract better conditioned and smaller algebraic systems than the original coupled one, at the cost of introducing an additional iteration loop to converge to the monolithic original solution. Finally, implicit methods deal with the coupled system 1.
In general, much more complex solvers and preconditioners are required to solve this system than in the case of semi-implicit methods.
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So, in any case, we always end up with algebraic systems like Eq. We start with the parallelization of the operation that occupies the central place in iterative solvers, namely the sparse matrix vector product SpMV. When using the partial row format, the local result of the SpMV in each MPI process is only partial as the matrices are also partial on the interface, as explained in Section 4. By applying the distributive property of the multiplication, the results of neighboring subdomains add up to the correct solution on the interface:.
Note that with this partial row format, due to the duplicity of the interface nodes, the MPI messages are symmetric in neighborhood a subdomain is a neighbor of its neighbors and size of interfaces interface of i with j involves the same degrees of freedom as that of j with i. After this matrix and RHS exchange, the solution of Eq. Nothing needs to be done with the RHS as it has been fully assembled through the presence of halos. The previous two algorithms are said to be synchronous, as the MPI communication comes before or after the complete local SpMV for the partial or full row formats, respectively.
This strategy permits to overlap communication results of the SpMV for interface nodes and work SpMV for internal nodes. The loop parallelization with OpenMP is quite simple to implement in this case. However, care must be taken with the size of the chunks, as the overhead for creating the threads may be penalizing if the chunks are too small. In the FV method, the degrees of freedom are located at the center of the elements. The partitioning into disjoint sets of elements can thus be used for both assembly and solver.
In the case of the finite element, the number of degrees of freedom involved in the SpMV corresponds to the nodes and could differ quite from the number of elements involved in the assembly. So the question of partitioning a finite-element mesh into disjoint sets of nodes may be posed, depending on which operation dominates the computation.
As an example, if one balances a hexahedra subdomain with a tetrahedra subdomain in terms of elements, the latter one will hold six times more elements than the last one. The Richardson iteration given by Eq. SpMV does not involve any global communication mechanism among the degrees of freedom DOF , from one iteration to the next one.
Accelerating iterative solvers. From top to bottom: 1 SpMV has a node-to-node influence; 2 domain decomposition DD solvers have a subdomain-to-subdomain influence; and 3 coarse solvers couple the subdomains. Such methods seek some optimality , thus providing a certain global communication mechanism. Nevertheless, this global communication mechanism is very limited and the convergence of such solvers degrades with the mesh size.
Just like the Richardson method, Krylov methods damp high-frequency errors through the SpMV, but do not have inherent low-frequency error damping. The selection of the preconditioning of Eq. Preconditioning should provide robustness at the least price, for a given problem, and in general, robustness is expensive. Domain decomposition preconditioners provide this robustness, but can result too expensive compared to smarter methods, as we now briefly analyze.
Domain Decomposition. Erhel and Giraud summarized the attractiveness of domain decomposition DD methods as follows:. One route to the solution of large sparse linear systems in parallel scientific computing is the use of numerical methods that combine direct and iterative methods. These techniques inherit the advantages of each approach, namely the limited amount of memory and easy parallelization for the iterative component and the numerical robustness of the direct part.
DD preconditioners are based on the exact or almost exact solution of the local problem to each subdomain. The different methods mainly differentiate in the way the different subdomains are coupled interface conditions and in terms of overlap between them, the Schwarz method being the most famous representative. On the one hand, SpMV is in charge of damping high frequencies. On the other hand, DD methods provide a communication mechanism at the level of the subdomains. The convergence of Krylov solvers using such preconditioners now depends on the number of subdomains. Coarse solvers try to resolve this dependence, providing a global communication mechanism among the subdomains, generally one degree of freedom per subdomain.
Let us mention the deflated conjugate gradient DCG method [ 47 ] which provides a coarse grain coupling, but which can be independent of the partition. As we have explained, solvers involving DD preconditioners together with a coarse solver aim at making the solver convergence independent of the mesh size and the number of subdomains. In terms of CPU time, this is translated into the concept of weak scalability Section 1.
This can be achieved in some cases, but hard to obtain in the general case. Multigrid solvers or preconditioners provide a similar multilevel mechanism, but using a different mathematical framework [ 48 ]. They only involve a direct solver at the coarsest level, and intermediate levels are still carried out in an iterative way, thus exhibiting good strong based on SpMV and weak scalabilities multilevel. Convergence is nevertheless problem dependent [ 49 , 50 ]. Physics and numerics based solvers. DD preconditioners are brute force preconditioners in the sense that they attack local problems with a direct solver, regardless of the matrix properties.
Smarter approaches may provide more efficient solutions, at the expense of not being weak scalable. But do we really need weak scalability to solve a given problem on a given number of available CPUs? Well, this depends. The linelet preconditioner is presented in [ 51 ]. In a boundary layer mesh, a typical situation in CFD, the discretization of the Laplacian operator tends to a tridiagonal matrix when anisotropy tends to infinity depending also on the discretization technique , and the dominant coefficients are along the direction normal to the wall. The anisotropy linelets consist of a list of nodes, renumbered in the direction normal to the wall.
By assembling tridiagonal matrices along each linelet, the preconditioner thus consists of a series of tridiagonal matrices, very easy to invert. Let us also mention finally the streamwise linelet [ 52 ]. In the discretization of a hyperbolic problem, the dependence between degrees of freedom follows the streamlines. By renumbering the nodes along these streamlines, one can thus use a bidiagonal or Gauss—Seidel solver as a preconditioner. In an ideal situation where nodes align with the streamlines, the bidiagonal preconditioner makes the problem converge in one complete sweep.
These two examples show that listening to the physics and numerics of a problem, one can devise simple and cheap preconditioners, performing local operations. The figure presents the convergence history in terms of number of iterations and time for solving the pressure equation SPD [ 53 ], with four different solvers and preconditioners: CG for Schur complement preconditioned by an additive Schwarz method; the DCG with diagonal preconditioner; the DCG with linelet preconditioner [ 51 ]; and the DCG with a block LU block Jacobi preconditioner.
However, taking a look at the CPU time, the performance is completely inverted and the best one is the DCG with linelet preconditioner. We should stress that these conclusions are problem dependent, and one should adapt to any situation. In a simulation of millions of CPU hours, a factor six in time can cost several hundred thousands of euros see [ 54 ] for a comparison of preconditioners for the pressure equation. Iterative parallel computing requires a lot of global synchronizations between processes, coming from the scalar products to compute descent and orthogonalization parameters or residual norms.
These synchronizations are very expensive due to the high latencies of the networks. They also imply a lot of wasted time if the workloads are not well balanced, as explained in Section 4. The heterogeneous nature of the machines makes such load balancing very hard to achieve, resulting in higher time loss, compared to homogeneous machines.
Pipelined solvers. Pipelined solvers consist of algorithmically equivalent solvers e. The main advantage of pipelined versions is the possibility to overlap reduction operations with some operations, like preconditioning. This enables one to hide latency, provided that the work to be overlapped is sufficient, and thus to increase the strong scaling.
Although algorithmically equivalent to their classical versions, pipelined solvers introduce local rounding errors due to the addition recurrence relations, which limit their attainable accuracy [ 57 ]. Communication avoiding solvers. Asynchronous iterations provide another mechanism to overcome the synchronism limitation. In order to illustrate the method, let us take the example of the Richardson method of Eq.
Then, let us define A ij i the matrix block of subdomain i connected to subdomain j and x i k the solution in subdomain i at iteration k. The method reads:. This means that each subdomain i updates its solution with the last available solution of its neighbors j. The main difficulty of such methods consists in establishing a common stopping criterion among all the MPI processes, minimizing the number of synchronizations. Such asynchronous Jacobi and block Jacobi solvers have been developed since [ 58 ].
Recent developments have extended these algorithms to asynchronous substructuring method [ 59 ] and to asynchronous optimized Schwarz method [ 60 ]. Scientific visualization focuses on the creation of images to provide important information about underlying data and processes. In recent decades, the unprecedented growth in computing and sensor performance has led to the ability to capture the physical world in unprecedented levels of detail and to model and simulate complex physical phenomena.
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Especially for CFD data, the visualization is of great importance, as its results can be well represented in the three-dimensional representation known to us. Output of files for postmortem visualization usually represents the highest volume of output from a CFD code, as well as some possibly separate operations, especially explicit checkpointing a restart, requiring writing and reading of large datasets.
This is called checkpointing. The computation may be restarted from the state reached by reading the checkpoint from a previous run. This incurs both writing and reading. Some codes use the same file format for visualization output and checkpointing, but this assumes data required are sufficiently similar and often that the code has a privileged output format.
When restarting requires additional data such as field values at locations not exactly matching those of the visualization, or multiple time steps for smooth restart of higher order time schemes , code-specific formats are used. This may require less programming on the solver side, at the expense of larger checkpoint sizes.
In practice, BLCR does not seem to have evolved in recent years, and support in some MPI libraries has been dropped; so it seems the increasing complexity of systems has made this approach more difficult. As datasets used by CFD tools are often large, it is recommended to use mostly binary representations rather than text representations.
This has multiple advantages when done well:. As binary data are not easily human-readable, additional precautions are necessary, such as providing sufficient metadata for the file to be portable. This can be as simple as providing a fixed-size string with the relevant information, and associating a fixed-size description with name, type, and size for each array, or much more advanced depending on the needs. Many users with experience with older fields tend to feel more comfortable with text files, so this advice may seem counterintuitive, but issues which plagued older binary representations have disappeared, while text files are not as simple as they used to be, today with many possible character encodings.
Twenty years ago, some systems such as Cray used proprietary floating-point types, while many already used the IEEE standard for single-, double-, and extended-precision floating point values. Though vendors have improved compatibility over the years, Fortran binary files are not portable by default. The most simple solution is to read or write a separate file for each MPI task.
On some file systems, this may be the fastest method, but it leads to the generation of many files on large systems, and requires external tools to reassemble data for visualization, unless using libraries which can assemble data when reading it such as VTK using its own format. This approach provides the benefit of allowing checkpointing and restarting on different numbers of nodes and making parallelism more transparent for the user, though it requires additional work for the developers.
Even on machines with similar systems but different file system tuning parameters, performance may vary. In any case, for good performance on parallel file systems which should be all shared file systems on modern clusters , it is recommended to avoid funneling all data through a single node except possibly as a fail-safe mode. Visualization pipeline. The pipeline filter step includes raw data processing and image processing algorithm operations. Rendering uses computer graphics methods to generate the final image from the geometric primitives of the mapping process.
While the selection of different visualization applications is considerable, the visualization techniques in science are generally used in the following areas of the dimensionality of the data fields. A distinction is made between scalar fields temperature, density, pressure, etc. Regardless of the dimensionality of the data fields, any visualization of the whole three-dimensional volume can easily flood the user with too much information, especially on a two-dimensional display or piece of paper.
The most common technique is slicing the volume data with cut planes, which reduces three-dimensional data to two dimensions. Color information is often mapped onto these cut planes using another basic well-known technique called color mapping. Color mapping is a one-dimensional visualization technique. It maps scalar value into a color specification. The scalar mapping is done by indexing into a color reference table—the lookup table. The scalar values serve as indexes in this lookup table including local transparency. A more general form of the lookup table is the transfer function.
A transfer function is any expression that maps scalars or multidimensional values to a color specification. Color mapping is not limited to 2D objects like cut planes, but it is also often used for 3D objects like isosurfaces. Isosurfaces belong to the general visualization technique of data fields, which we focus on in the following.
Visualization of scalar fields. Isosurface extraction is a powerful tool for the investigation of volumetric scalar fields. An isosurface in a scalar volume is a surface in which the data value is constant, separating areas of higher and lower value. Given the physical or biological significance of the scalar data value, the position of an isosurface and its relationship to other adjacent isosurfaces can provide a sufficient structure of the scalar field.
The second fundamental visualization technique for scalar fields is volume rendering. Volume rendering is a method of rendering three-dimensional volumetric scalar data in two-dimensional images without the need to calculate intermediate geometries. The individual values in the dataset are made visible by selecting a transfer function that maps the data to optical properties such as color and opacity.
These are then projected and blended together to form an image. For a meaningful visualization, the correct transfer function must be found that highlights interesting regions and characteristics of the data. Finding a good transfer function is crucial for creating an informative image. Multidimensional transfer functions enable more precise delimitation from the important to the unimportant.
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Visualization of flame simulation results left using slicing and color mapping in the background, and isosurface extraction and volume rendering for the flame structure. Visualization of an inspiratory flow in the human nasal cavity right using streamlines colored by the velocity magnitude [68]. Visualization of vector fields. The visualization of vector field data is challenging because no existing natural representation can convey a visually large amount of three-dimensional directional information.
Visualization methods for three-dimensional vector fields must therefore bring together the opposing goals of an informative and clear representation of a large number of directional information. The techniques relevant for the visual analysis of vector fields can be categorized as follows. The simplest representations of the discrete vector information are oriented glyphs. Glyphs are graphical symbols that range from simple arrows to complex graphical icons, directional information, and additional derived variables such as rotation.
Streamlines provide a natural way to follow a vector dataset. With a user-selected starting position, the numerical integration results in a curve that can be made easily visible by continuously displaying the vector field. Streamlines can be calculated quickly and provide an intuitive representation of the local flow behavior. Since streamlines are not able to fill space without visual disorder, the task of selecting a suitable set of starting points is crucial for effective visualization.
A limitation of flow visualizations based on streamlines concerns the difficult interpretation of the depth and relative position of the curves in a three-dimensional space. One solution is to create artificial light effects that accentuate the curvature and support the user in depth perception. Stream surfaces represent a significant improvement over individual streamlines for the exploration of three-dimensional vector fields, as they provide a better understanding of depth and spatial relationships.
Conceptually, they correspond to the surface that is spanned by any starting curve, which is absorbed along the flow. FTLE enables the visualization of significant coherent structures in the flow. Texture-based flow visualization methods are unique means to address the limitations of representations based on a limited set of streamlines. They effectively convey the essential patterns of a vector field without lengthy interpretation of streamlines. Its main application is the visualization of flow structures defined on a plane or a curved surface.
The best known of these methods is the line integral convolution LIC proposed by Cabral and Leedom [ 71 ]. This work has inspired a number of other methods. In particular, improvements have been proposed, such as texture-based visualization of time-dependent flows or flows defined via arbitrary surfaces.
Some attempts were made to extend the method to three-dimensional flows. Furthermore, vector fields can be visualized using topological approaches. Topological approaches have established themselves as a reference method for the characterization and visualization of flow structures.
Topology offers an abstract representation of the current and its global structure, for example, sinks, sources, and saddle points. A prominent example is the Morse-Smale complex that is constructed based on the gradient of a given scalar field [ 72 ]. Visualization of tensor fields. Compared to the visualization of vector fields, the state of the art in the visualization of tensor fields is less advanced.
It is an active area of research. Simple techniques for tensor visualization draw the three eigenvectors by color, vectors, streamlines, or glyphs. In situ visualization. However, with each generation of supercomputers, memory and CPU performance grows faster than the access and capacity of hard disks.
This trend hinders the traditional processing paradigm. In situ visualizing is visualization that necessarily starts before the data producer finishes. These interfaces allow a fixed coupling between the simulation and the visualization and integrate large parts of the visualization libraries into the program code of the simulation. Recent developments [ 75 , 76 ] favor methods for loose coupling as tight coupling proves to be inflexible and susceptible to faults.
Here, the simulation program and visualization are independent applications that only exchange certain data among each other via clearly defined interfaces. Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Edited by Adela Ionescu.
Edited by Shaul Mordechai. We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books. Built by scientists, for scientists. Our readership spans scientists, professors, researchers, librarians, and students, as well as business professionals. Downloaded: Abstract Computational fluid dynamics CFD is the main field of computational mechanics that has historically benefited from advances in high-performance computing. Introduction to high-performance computing 1. Anatomy of a supercomputer Computational fluid dynamics CFD simulations aim at solving more complex, more real, more detailed, and bigger problems.
Software We have seen an overview of the hardware available within a supercomputer and the different levels of parallelism that it exposes. HPC concepts The principal metrics used in HPC are the second sec for time measurements, the floating point operation flop for counting arithmetic operations, and the binary term byte to quantify memory. Anatomy of a CFD simulation A CFD simulation can be divided into four main phases: 1 mesh generation, 2 setup, 3 solution, and 4 analysis and visualization. Meshing and adaptivity Mesh adaptation is one of the key technologies to reduce both the computational cost and the approximation errors of PDE-based numerical simulations.
Error estimators and adaptivity The discretization of a continuous problem leads to an approximate solution more or less representative of the exact solution according to the care given to the numerical approximation and mesh resolution. Parallel meshing and remeshing The parallelization of mesh adaptation methods goes back to the end of the s.
Dynamic load balancing In the finite element point of view, the problem to solve is subdivided into subproblems and the computational domain into subdomains. Assembly In the finite element method, the assembly consists of a loop over the elements of the mesh, while it consists of a loop over cells or faces in the case of the finite volume method. Load balance As explained in Section 1. More HPC optimizations Let us close this section with some basic HPC optimizations to take advantage of some hardware characteristics presented in Section 1.
A Heisenbug is an error that changes or disappears when an attempt is made to isolate and probe them via debugger , by adding some constructs such as synchronization requests or delay statements. Another issue is caused due to the unpredictable behavior of the scheduler. Differences in system load influence scheduler behavior. This behavior cannot be changed manually. To counter this indeterminism, the program must be executed many times under various execution environments. Still, it is not guaranteed that a bug can be reproduced. Most of the time, the program runs correctly, and the bug is visible only when specific conditions are matched.
As a result, non-repeatability of the concurrent programs is a major source of roadblock for detecting error. As an example, consider the following. Clearly, this has a problem of causing deadlocks. Yet, it may cause deadlock in some runs of the program while in others, it may run successfully.
Probe effect is seen in parallel programs when delay-statements are inserted in parallel programs facing synchronization problems. This effect, like Heisenbugs, alters behavior changes that may obscure problems.
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Detecting the source of a probe effect is a great challenge in testing parallel applications. The differences between sequential and concurrent programs lead to the differences in their testing strategies. Strategies for sequential programs can be modified to make them suitable for concurrent applications. Specialized strategies have also been developed. Conventionally, testing includes designing test cases and checking that the program produces the expected results. Thus, errors in specification, functionality, etc. Using static analysis before functionality testing can save time.
Static analysis techniques can detect problems like lack of synchronization , improper synchronizations, predict occurrence of deadlocks and post-wait errors in rendezvous requests. The indeterminacy of scheduling has two sources. To make concurrent programs repeatable, an external scheduler is used.
The program under test is instrumented to add calls to this scheduler.
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- The Puffin Book of Nonsense Verse (Puffin Poetry).
Such calls are made at the beginning and end of each thread as well as before every synchronization request. This scheduler selectively blocks threads of execution by maintaining a semaphore associated with each thread, such that only one thread is ready for execution at any given time. Thus, it converts parallel non-deterministic application into a serial execution sequence in order to achieve repeatability. The number of scheduling decisions made by the serializing scheduler is given by —. To obtain more accurate results using deterministic scheduling, an alternate approach can be chosen.
A few properly-placed pre-emptions in the concurrent program can detect bugs related to data-races. The existence of one bug establishes a high probability of more bugs in the same region of code. Thus each pass of the testing process identifies sections of code with bugs. The next pass more thoroughly scrutinizes those sections by adding scheduler calls around them. Allowing the problematic locations to execute in a different order can reveal unexpected behavior. This strategy ensures that the application is not prone to the Probe Effect.
Sources of errors that cause the Probe Effect can range from task creation issues to synchronization and communication problems. Requirements of timing related tests: [3]. This equation has exponential order. Various issues must be handled:. This method applies the concept of define-use pair, in order to determine the paths to be tested. Software verification is a process that proves that software is working correctly and is performing the intended task as designed.
Input is given to the system to generate a known result.
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10 things you didn't learn about Kazakhstan
Determining the possibility of providing citizenship
However, plenty of married girls wear lengthy clothes and turban. This, in fact, considerations only these girls who are married genuine Kazakhs.
Although Kazakhstan could be very safe, I would say that the nation, for most part a minimum of, might be not one of the best vacation vacation spot for family journeys. In Kazakh culture, men don't are likely to method international women very simply. While traveling across the country and spending time in Almaty, Cynthia by no means experienced cat-calling. She's a stunning blonde girl but this didn't seem to provoke the same reactions we had in other nations like Morocco for instance.
They attend different fancy locations and travel so much overseas. In Kazakhstan, there are two important documents that a international employee must acquire to take up employment within the country. The first is a work allow, which the employer applies for on behalf of the international employee or staff he or she plans to make use of. The second is a work visa, which allows the overseas worker to enter Kazakhstan for the needs of taking up employment.
For citizens of the Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus, Kyrgyz Republic
In 1990, the yr earlier than Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union, the GDP was $27 billion. In 2016, nevertheless, the GDP had decreased to $134 billion. The speedy financial progress may be attributed to massive investments in the oil sector. Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the Kazakhs, traces its origin to the fifteenth century, when a variety of Turkic and some Mongol tribes united to determine the Kazakh Khanate.
Kazakhstan will problem 5-yr, multiple-entry visas to candidates qualifying for diplomatic, official, or media travel. Travelers who enter Kazakhstan on the visa-free program might not stay longer than 30 days on every go to, and no more than a cumulative 90 days inside a six-month interval. Read the Department of State'sFact Sheet on Kazakhstanfor additional information on U.S.- Kazakhstan relations. Before you go to Kazakhstan, you have to think about the weather. The climate in Kazakhstan is fairly predictable, because the steppes guarantee clear demarcation of the seasons.
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Macro-economic pattern
Kazakhstan Average Monthly Wages – data, historic chart, and calendar of releases – was final up to date on February of 2020 from its official supply. Visitors of some nations would require a visa, which isn't tough to acquire.
The Ural river is taken into account the traditional boundary between the two continents – it cuts straight via the west of the country. It's fairly likely that the answer is 'not very much!
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There have been instances of violence in opposition to foreign employees in West Kazakhstan. A housing camp of Turkish staff was destroyed, with many workers assaulted, because kazakh brides of anger about foreigners taking local jobs and an alleged rape involving an area woman. Visitors will expertise hospitality and warmth in this lovely nation.
It is estimated that near half of the 4.5 million Soviet Germans and their Slavic kin who now stay in Germany are originally from Kazakhstan. Also, out of the 1.2 million Russian talking Jews and Slavs who reside in Israel, a significant portion is from Kazakhstan.
It will get quite cold in the winter, and scorching in the summertime. Throughout the yr, there's very little rainfall, so you do not have to worry about that.


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Commentaire officiel
Yep -- instant doubles it is. ;)
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When using the performance mode in rekordbox, you can drag and drop a track from one player to another. After doing that, the second player is an exact copy of the first one : the track is played at the exact same time.
I wish there was a way to do the same with two CDJs in link mode (I don't think it is possible rn). This is very useful to skip a part of the track when you don't have cue points.
Yep -- instant doubles it is. ;)
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After doing my research, I realised this function already existed on recent CDJs : "instant doubles".


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Skopje, 6 December 2019 – UNICEF notes the country should be encouraged by the recent results from the OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which show significant improvements in learning outcomes in reading, mathematics and science. While the progress is promising, overall student performance remains significantly below the OECD average, calling for all stakeholders to remain committed to education reforms centered on students' learning needs.
Compared to the 2015 PISA results when the country was ranked among the bottom 5 countries, the 2018 data show improvements across all three subjects and among all students from lowest to highest performers. Still North Macedonia is ranked 67 out of 77 participating countries in reading and mathematics and slightly higher - 63 out of 77 countries - in science, putting the country on the right trajectory for further improvements and advances.
Considering student growth mindset has been linked to higher PISA reading scores, it's also a concern that in North Macedonia only 24% of students hold a growth mindset - in other words they disagreed or strongly disagreed with the statement "Your intelligence is something about you that you can't change very much".
Education systems need to help students attain knowledge, while also ensuring students know how to use knowledge, develop emotional intelligence, an ability to think critically and creatively, self-discipline and curiosity, a sense of belonging and purpose. UNICEF calls on all stakeholders to remain committed to ongoing evidence-based education system reforms that put learners at the center of change.
Global evidence shows that one of the main drivers of good learning outcomes is quality and competence of teaching - as such there is an ongoing need for interventions that support and motivate teachers. The country is currently in the midst of introducing a merit-based career structure for teachers. There is a need for increasing investments in professional development of teachers, within and outside school, so they can access learning opportunities and become expert teachers as they progress in their career; and a need to strengthen the selection criteria of candidates for future teachers in teacher training faculties, favoring those who have good academic knowledge and skills for quality teaching.
UNICEF notes, that while the PISA results highlight the need for continued efforts, its important for the country to be encouraged by the progress, particularly since compared to all participating countries, North Macedonia had the highest positive short-term change in results in reading, the second highest in science and third in math's. This trajectory should motivate all stakeholders to unite their efforts and steer them towards policies and practices that will deliver further improvements.
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Statistics > Machine Learning
Title: Structures of Spurious Local Minima in $k$-means
(Submitted on 16 Feb 2020 (v1), last revised 21 Feb 2020 (this version, v2))
Abstract: $k$-means clustering is a fundamental problem in unsupervised learning. The problem concerns finding a partition of the data points into $k$ clusters such that the within-cluster variation is minimized. Despite its importance and wide applicability, a theoretical understanding of the $k$-means problem has not been completely satisfactory. Existing algorithms with theoretical performance guarantees often rely on sophisticated (sometimes artificial) algorithmic techniques and restricted assumptions on the data. The main challenge lies in the non-convex nature of the problem; in particular, there exist additional local solutions other than the global optimum. Moreover, the simplest and most popular algorithm for $k$-means, namely Lloyd's algorithm, generally converges to such spurious local solutions both in theory and in practice.
In this paper, we approach the $k$-means problem from a new perspective, by investigating the structures of these spurious local solutions under a probabilistic generative model with $k$ ground truth clusters. As soon as $k=3$, spurious local minima provably exist, even for well-separated and balanced clusters. One such local minimum puts two centers at one true cluster, and the third center in the middle of the other two true clusters. For general $k$, one local minimum puts multiple centers at a true cluster, and one center in the middle of multiple true clusters. Perhaps surprisingly, we prove that this is essentially the only type of spurious local minima under a separation condition. Our results pertain to the $k$-means formulation for mixtures of Gaussians or bounded distributions. Our theoretical results corroborate existing empirical observations and provide justification for several improved algorithms for $k$-means clustering.
Submission historyFrom: Yuqian Zhang [view email]
[v1] Sun, 16 Feb 2020 22:15:03 GMT (808kb,D)
[v2] Fri, 21 Feb 2020 21:19:50 GMT (808kb,D)
Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.


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Family Law
Family Law: Sol Levinas
Can one make an arresting movie about a completely happy man? Ariel (Daniel Hendler), an unassuming law professor in Buenos Aires, is married to a gorgeous Pilates instructor (Julieta Díaz) and dotes on his tyke of a son. Where's the drama? Well, Ariel's own father (Arturo Goetz), a colorful, if unscrupulous, lawyer, wishes Ariel would follow more closely in his footsteps. That's it! That's the entire film! Family Law is well acted, but if Antoine Doinel had been nearly this serene, Truffaut's career would have petered out after three films.


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This cozy V-neck pullover features a relaxed shape and diagonal stitching. Made from super-soft cotton, it's the perfect pick for everyday wear. Layer over lightweight Oxford shirts for a refined-meets-casual look.
Fabric: 100% Cotton
- V-Neck pullover sweater
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Light Hearted Intro to Life Drawing
Scotland, N. England and N. Ireland (SANER)(0 reviews)
Event created by Guest
Event details
This is a social event to be held at our home in Belfast, we will be taking a few faultering steps into Life Drawing.
We hope to have 2 artists to give advice and instruction.
Food will be provided and you will be able to model or draw or both hopefully.
Please contact us if you are interested
Cost (if any) will be advised later.


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16,20 €
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Visitor Numbers at MGM Springfield Discuss Expectations
The number of regular visitors with the recently launched MGM Springfield has been around fifty, 000 over during sundays and nearly 25, 000 on weekdays, which appreciably exceeds objectives. Revenues may also be higher than first projections, online casino officials instructed state regulators.
MGM Springfield, a $960 million financial commitment by MGM Resorts World-wide, opened upon August per day as Massachusetts' first business oriented casino location. Since its awesome opening, that has been marked by means of huge celebrations and tunes performances via the likes associated with Stevie Speculate and Dropkick Murphys, the main resort is usually seeing a surprisingly substantial attendance , especially in the course of weekends. Each day visitors are actually averaging 52, 000, even though the numbers are generally half at the time of weekdays, MGM Springfield Us president Michael Mathis said a week ago at a meeting with the Boston Gaming Payment.
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Fortnite Zone Wars have been a massive part of the game ever since Creative Mode was first introduced. The first Fortnite Chapter 2 Zone Wars maps are trickling out now.
Fortnite Season 10 was one of the worst seasons in Fortnite history. The only debate around this topic is whether or not it was indeed the worst of all time. Most players seem to think that it was.
Since that was the case, a lot of the player base gravitated toward the Creative Mode side of things; namely, Zone Wars. Zone wars provided a fun and engaging end-game simulator for those who were fed-up with the state of competitive Fortnite.
Epic even legitimized zone wars by allowing players to queue up for it together. This was the most fun way to play Fortnite during the back-half of Season 10 for many players.
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Zone Wars map creators Jesgran and Zero have both announced new maps for Fortnite Chapter 2. Jesgran is responsible for Colosseum Zone Wars and Zero created Vortex Zone Wars.
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Enigma, the creator of Downhill River Zone Wars, still hasn't announced a date for his new map, but we can probably expect it soon. His was the favorite map of most Fortnite players.
These maps will be the starting point for Fortnite Chapter 2 Zone Wars. The game will likely change extensively over the coming weeks and months – and so will the maps.
- Read More: Fortnite pro Bugha announces new FCS Squad
- Read More: Fortnite players are literally fishing for bots now
It's exciting to see what these map creators have in store for us. Will it be the same map with an updated loot pool? Will we be traversing a new terrain – more in line with Fortnite Chapter 2? Everything remains to be seen.
Let us know what you think about these new Fortnite Chapter 2 Zone Wars maps in the comments!


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Preparing Teachers and Leaders
A gift from career educators Bob and Sara Maxfield, '63 '64, is bolstering and helping to expand a core element of Albion College's teacher-education program.
January 3, 2020 | By Jake Weber
Bob and Sara Meriwether Maxfield got together more or less by accident. Sara needed to invite a football player to the annual Delta Gamma football banquet, and the first-year student knew only one—the sophomore who was made to sit next to her in their political science class. (Professor Darrell Pollard liked his students to sit in alphabetical order.)
"It was a date of convenience," Sara says with a smile. "But the fact that we're still together after almost 60 years, I think that's a good sign."
While their life together may have started without any big intentions, the Maxfields have a definite vision for the C. Robert, '63, and Sara Maxfield, '64 Endowed Teacher Enhancement Fund. The fund will support efforts in the Fritz Shurmur Center for Teacher Development and the College's Department of Education to ensure that Albion students will have the engaging educational experiences needed to be transformative teachers and leaders.
Now in its 14th year, Albion's Boundary Crossings spring-semester course is an innovative "win-win" for Albion junior-year education students and students throughout Marshall Public Schools (which includes Harrington Elementary and the Marshall Opportunity School, both in Albion). Under the watchful eye of a mentor teacher, student teachers take over a classroom in May, directing a large-scale project that is seen later in the month by hundreds of community members at the annual Showcase of Learning. The Showcase, held each year in the Science Complex atrium, culminates the course, which is commonly—and affectionately—known as Maymester.
The Maxfields attended the 2019 Showcase. "I loved it," Sara says, adding she was especially intrigued by how Maymester's creative, community-education focus gives student teachers a unique chance to grow. "Doing something outside their specialty—those student teachers are going to learn how education all falls together," she explains. For example, "you might be interested in math, but also had a class in creative writing. Now it's up to you to teach creative writing with your math background."
'A Great Source of Pride'
An elementary teacher for many years, Sara knows the value of teaching students how to create a month-long lesson plan, while giving them the opportunity to see if it really works. "You can have the most beautiful lesson plan and watch it fall flat," she says. "Sometimes you have to know how to punt."
Bob, who spent more than 40 years working in Michigan public schools and 10 more as professor and interim dean at Oakland University's School of Education and Human Services, sees their gift as also important at a time when public education is under ever more scrutiny and the demands on teachers are greater than ever before. "I saw a recent survey where 75 percent of teachers didn't want their children to go into teaching," he says.
"Sara and Bob Maxfield's gift is truly meaningful because it ensures opportunities for interdisciplinary, experiential learning both outside of school and inside classrooms," says Kyle Shanton, professor of education and department chair. "This year, specifically, the Maxfields' Endowed Teacher Enhancement Fund provided prospective teachers and their Marshall Public Schools' mentor teachers and K-12 students funding for field trips to museums or nature centers, as well as for materials to design and enact investigations and projects. This remarkably generous gift will touch generations of learners and their families, mentor teachers in the Albion and Marshall communities, and Albion College alumni."
The key, Bob says, is to provide teachers—and those preparing to be teachers—with thorough preparation to teach and to lead. "As a passionate advocate for teacher leadership, I believe that all teachers must see their role as extending beyond the classroom. They must become ambassadors for their schools and for their children, and we need to prepare them so they see themselves that way."
"I think that after all these years, we still cherish our days at Albion in so many ways," he continues. "I didn't study education at Albion, but what I learned in classes such as Julian Rammelkamp's history class helped me become a leader in education. The Albion faculty's gift to us—a great education—allows us to provide support that will enhance Albion's teacher preparation by supporting programs such as Maymester. For Sara and me, this is a great source of pride."


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Philippion Boutique Hotel
- Free breakfast, free WiFi and free parking
- Collect nights
Philippion Boutique Hotelfrom £89
- Standard Room
- Triple Room
- Family Suite, 2 Bedrooms
- Superior Room
- Junior Suite, Sea View
More great choices
What's around Philippion Boutique Hotel
- Heart of Santorini
- Santorini Caldera - 2-minute walk
- Museum of Prehistoric Thira - 6-minute walk
- Santorini Folklore Museum - 8-minute walk
- Plateia Theotokopoulou - 8-minute walk
- Orthodox Metropolitan Cathedral - 10-minute walk
- Megaro Gyzi Museum - 12-minute walk
- Archaeological Museum - 12-minute walk
Getting around
- Thira (JTR-Santorini National) 10-min drive
- Airport shuttle (surcharge)
- Ferry terminal shuttle
At a glance
Key facts
Hotel size
- This hotel has 19 rooms
- This hotel is arranged over 2 floors
- Check-in time 2 PM-midnight
- Check-out time is noon
- Express check-in/out
Required at check-in
- Credit card, debit card or cash deposit required for incidental charges
- Government-issued photo ID required
Travelling with others
- Babysitting/childcare *
- Pets allowed
- 1 per room (up to 22 lb)
- Free WiFi in public areas
- Free WiFi in rooms
- Airport shuttle (available 24 hours) *
- Ferry terminal shuttle *
- Free extended parking
Payment types at the property
Other information
- Smoke-free property
In the hotel
- In-room childcare (surcharge)
- Free breakfast daily
- Restaurant
- Bar/lounge
- Coffee shop/café
- Snack bar/deli
- Poolside bar
- Room service (during limited hours)
- Beach towels
- Outdoor pool
- Pool sunloungers
- One meeting room
- 24-hour front desk
- Concierge services
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Laundry facilities
- Free grocery shopping service
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Luggage storage
- Wedding services
- Multilingual staff
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Year Built – 1995
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Garden
- Terrace
- Television in common areas
- English
- Greek
In the room
- In-room climate control (air conditioning)
- Slippers
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- In-room massage available
- Furnished balcony or patio
- Private bathroom
- Rainfall showerhead
- Shower only
- Designer toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Satellite TV channels
- MP3 docking station
- Desk
- Free WiFi
- Phone
- Fridge
- Daily housekeeping
- In-room safe (laptop compatible)
- Access via exterior corridors
Also popular with travellers from the UK
Special features
DiningOn-site venue – Overlooking the pool, this restaurant specialises in international cuisine.
Philippion Boutique Hotel's small print
Also known as
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Santorini
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Hotel
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Santorini
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Hotel Santorini
- Philippion Boutique Hotel
- Philippion Boutique Santorini
- Philippion Boutique
- Philippion Hotel Santorini
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Hotel
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Santorini
- Philippion Boutique Hotel Hotel Santorini
- Philippion Hotel Santorini
Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 500 owing to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information on the booking confirmation.
This property does not have lifts.
For transfers, guests must contact the property 24 hours prior to arrival on the number on the booking confirmation.This property is licensed under an applicable law.Property registration number 1144K133K0156100
Mandatory fees
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at check-in or check-out:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 3.00 per accommodation, per night
Optional extras
Babysitting/childcare is available for an extra charge
Airport shuttle service is offered for an extra charge
We have included all charges provided to us by this property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the unit you book.
Recent reviews
Fabulous 8.8 From 187 reviews
Great location, just 5 minutes to walk into Fira and far enough away to be peaceful. Very friendly and helpful staff. The room was very clean and modern. The breakfast was good too.
We loved our stay here. The staff are extremely friendly and helpful. Location is excellent. Around ten minutes stroll to the centre of fira and the bus station. Loads of places to eat and drink nearby with a beautiful view of the volcano across the road.
The hotel is in a very convenient location near Fira (approximately 8-10min walking from the town centre). The hotel staff is very warm and friendly and sorted out any questions I had and also helped me book very cheap transport shuttle to the airport (~8 Euro and is a 15-20 min drive). I also really enjoyed the pool which is quite large and has very modern and comfortable lounge chairs. The breakfast was also very nice with many options to select from. Overall this was a great stay, good value for money and excellent location.
Brilliant hotel, easy access to all needed stuff for a tourist. Direct volcalnic mountain Breathtaking view just opposite the hotel.
Will stay here again if I go back to Santorini. Not actually in the centre of Fira but only 5 mins walk and is away from the hustle and bustle. Thought we would struggle with sunbed as only 10 or so available but never had a problem. All the staff were great especially the lad serving at the poolside. With the right room you can watch the sun set from your balcony... as we did most nights:)
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