text:
I'll happily change it back to positive once there are reasonable efforts to ensure that the chat experience -- while still involving trashtalk and disagreement, because this is a skill-based game where the most popular mode is PvP -- doesn't freely allow people to use discriminatory terms that insult people in a way that exacerbates existing inequalities in society.
This forum is another sign that there is a problem. People clearly come here with the expectation that they can make any comment they desire. This is not a good sign about the community or there being reasonable efforts to moderate it.
Thanks for listening.
Oh for fucks sake nobody cares. If you can't take someone else rustling your Jimmie's with certain words then get off the internet or go play single-player games. You write a lot but say fuck all. Server mods will come eventually and so will mod tools. Just like parents shouldn't complain about language and bullying in an adult only game that their kid plays, they shouldn't even be playing it. People who can't deal with hostility and words even if with hateful intent, over a god damn computer screen, should not be playing multi-player adult games in the first place just like a child should not be because they clearly aren't mature enough or in the right mind for it. Chat doesn't kill games, griefing and bad game direction does.
Mega Bait
Imagine letting WORDS impact your review and enjoyment of a game lmfao
@Deadmode said:
Imagine being such a piece of shit that you think saying whatever you want to someone is acceptable or shouldn't have an effect on the person.
No, I don't get mad at words. I get mad at people who think that behaving like this is acceptable. It's about being a member of a society and having respect for others is an important part of that. Anyone who is just abusive and toxic is a fucking nasty stain.
Some of the people on here didn't develop the required social skills that enable them to interact with other people properly, or clearly spent too much time on computers growing up and so thought that 'internet' behaviour is normal.
So what you're saying is that you're MAD AT WORDS LMAO M A D
Ok now i have to admit this shit is getting ridiculous. I agree that there are a lot of homophobic bitches and/or griefer in this game, more then in most other games, but you cant give people, who arent interested in your game and want to use your game only as platform to advertise their way of thinking and enforce it on others through moderation, power.
There are just to many people out there who act reasonable and competent in order to get the moderation privileges just to become a total dictator afterwards and force everybody else to play by their own self madeup rules and believes, which dont even make any sense and change on a daily base dependend of the mood of those people.
Dont let the people who are only here to create outrage for their own agenda and use your game as an advertisment platform run the show here. If people get kicked from public server constantly for madeup reasons, or because they said minor swearwords(not talking about racial stuff here), then your game will be a ghost town soon.
What this game needs is:
Thats it. And maybe the quality of life improvement to always disable voice lines for all players in the option menu or disable them in the scoreboard. Muting individual lute player would also be very welcome.
@ToLazy4Name said:
Imagine letting WORDS impact your review
Words impacting words. Unthinkable!
Racism already is against the rules of the official servers. So if breaking the rules is fine, why do you want cheaters banned? I'm sure I can find some people that don't have a problem with cheating. And as you oftentimes implied that should be enough to make it a non-issue.
@SWSeriousMike said:
@ToLazy4Name said:
Imagine letting WORDS impact your review
Words impacting words. Unthinkable!
Racism already is against the rules of the official servers. So if breaking the rules is fine, why do you want cheaters banned? I'm sure I can find some people that don't have a problem with cheating. And as you oftentimes implied that should be enough to make it a non-issue.
Just because I think people are ridiculous for getting upset with words doesn't mean I'm disregarding the rules or think they shouldn't be enforced lmao
The second paragraph wasn't particularly aimed at you.
Should probably just ignore Beefboi the way he ignores good argumentation
Folks, the devs feel the same way. I've seen devs on stream ban people making those comments on the servers they are on.
It's a small team, they are working on a lot of things. They probably also just got their money from sales, or will soon, so I imagine the financial/company planning is going to take a lot of time as well. We'll get our filters, it's just a question of when.
Honestly the best solution will be remote connection to the servers so admins can start writing scripts to react off logs. Just having a log of chat and team damage and we'll have autokick/ban for language and excessive team wounding. Probably have to tune it up for catapults though.
What does free speech mean in your opinion?


text:
I started my life like every other person, had plans for the future. I want this, I want to become that.
But life happened as usually, the way it happens to all of us at one point or another. It was in 2016, when I began to feel sudden brief but sharp pain in my hip.
It was difficult to stand or sit, even bending was painful as hell. I thought it would get better just like other minor sickle cell caused pain that hit me.
Days went, weeks, it was getting worse. Really worse. After weeks of excruciating pain and hospital visits, I was finally diagnosed of avascular necrosis also called osteonecrosis or AVN.
That day, I was sad. Like every one when they first get their diagnosis. It was a bad thing, I thought (well, it is).
Fast forward, three years after, I am here with so many lessons. a lot of things learnt.
Here are 10 things I learnt living with avascular necrosis
1. There's always something to learn even in a hopeless situation.
Firstly, I do not believe that a situation is hopeless (yeah, I'm becoming a motivational speaker). Life is like a magnetic pole that has the negative end and the positive end.
To see and learn the lessons life has to offer, you have to look from the positive end. I couldn't have started this blog or writing if I looked at the negatives.
All I am saying is that there is something to learn when you have a positive mind towards whatever happens to you in life.
Trust me, the pain of avascular necrosis is no joke. Yet there is something to learn.
2. Avoid procrastination
Having AVN has taught me to avoid procrastination even though I haven't learnt how.
I had dream of becoming a model and actor. I know I can still be whatever but it would have been much better if I started then.
It is way more difficult to start such careers as person living with avascular necrosis
3. Learn everything about your illness
I learnt that I was supposed to know everything about my illness. The history, the diagnosis, the complications, anything possible.
When you learn about your illness, you stand a greater chance to defeat it because you would work towards avoiding what needs to be avoided and embrace what needs to be.
4. Exercise can reduce AVN pain and increase mobility
When it started, the doctor told me to use a walking stick which I did. But he did not tell me to start physiotherapy. Someone else did.
Thankfully, I did more research online. Found some YouTube videos, met a physiotherapist once, and gathered exercise that I did at home everyday for the past two years.
What I found out was that, the pain reduced (not stop), my range of movement increased as well.
After more research, I found out that these exercises actually help increase blood flow. Watch this video for some exercises for people with avascular necrosis.
5. Avascular necrosis can spread
When AVN starts it usually affect one joint. But without proper care and healthy lifestyle, it could spread to another joint.
This happens mostly with the hip joint.
6. Stay active
When avascular necrosis is caused by sickle cell, read other causes here. It is mostly caused by inactivity.
I learnt the importance of staying active the hard way but anyways I learnt.
When you engage in physical active and exercises, blood will flow properly and AVN will be prevented.
7. Avascular necrosis might reoccur
Although I haven't confirmed myself but a doctor told me that once you have AVN, you have it.
Even when you do a surgery to heal it, there is a possibility (although little) that it reoccurs.
But it still takes me back to lesson number 6, stay active and you will prevent it.
8. Take small daily actions towards your big goal
No one knows what's going to happen in few hours, and time is so quick. I learnt to never wait for something to fall in place before acting on my goals.
You might have a big dream that scares you. The only way to achieve that is to have and take small steps that will lead you to that goal.
9. Life with a walking stick is stressful
I have been seeing young people use walking stick and when the table turned, it was my turn to use the walking stick.
Pheew, it wasn't easy. Forget the eyes that follow you like plague and the look on their faces. To walk with a walking stick is tiring.
10. It only gets better
No matter how long it takes it only gets better.
You might also like;
- Avascular necrosis pain; Ease pain with exercise
- Five lies you believed about sickle cell disorder
- Seven sickle cell warriors to follow on Instagram
Avascular necrosis is a bone condition that affects joints causing it to collapse and degenerate. It is such a painful condition.
Living with it for the past three years has been rough. But life throws whatever at us to make us learn lessons.
And like every other person, I learnt a lot in three years. So, I decided to share.
- There's always something to learn even in a hopeless situation.
- Avoid procrastination
- Learn everything about your illness
- Exercise can reduce AVN pain and increase mobility
- Avascular necrosis can spread
- Stay active
- Avascular necrosis might reoccur
- Take small daily actions towards your big goal
- Life with a walking stick is stressful
- It only gets better

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Jishan Tower was designed and constructed by Chinese architects at the time. All its beams and pillars were made of Fuzhou fir, which was very costly but solid in structure. The Tower is beautifully ornamented with "swallow-tailed" eaves, Aberdeen tiles, curtain tiles, paintings of flowers, and mirrors. Behind the entrance tower, there were once five banyan trees under which a visitor could sit quietly to reflect the past, the present and the future.


text:
Two men are recovering after a crash in north Jefferson City on Tuesday morning.
It closed traffic for a while on Highway 94 just east of Highway 54, and just north of the Missouri River Bridge.
Police say 26-year-old Zachary Fewins' pickup crossed the center line and hit the car driven by 42-year-old Larry Rockers. Fewins was ejected, while Rockers was trapped in his car and had to be rescued.
Fewins had to be flown to a Columbia hospital for his injuries. Rockers was taken there by ambulance.


text:
What does AABWV stand for?
AABWV stands for African-American Business Women of Vision (Christian-based; San Diego, CA)
This definition appears rarely and is found in the following Acronym Finder categories:
- Organizations, NGOs, schools, universities, etc.
- Abbreviation Database Surfer
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- Advanced Association of Beauty Therapists (Australia)
- Ann Arbor Bicycle Touring Society
- Al Al Bayt University (Jordan)
- Automobile Aerosol Business Unit (China)
- As Agreed Upon Between User and Supplier
- Antarctic Bottom Water
- Association des Architectes du Brabant Wallon (French: Brabant Wallon Architects Association; Belgium)
- Australian Antique Bottle Website (University of Melbourne; Victoria, Australia)
- Ayrshire Association of Business Women (UK)
- Amphibious Assault Bulk Water System
- Animals Always Believe in You (Kingwood, TX)
- As Amended By
- Aberdeen Aikido Club (UK)
- Abnormal Accruals (accounting)
- Academic Advisory Center
- Academic Affairs Commission (various locations)
- Academic Appeals Committee (various schools)
- Académie de l'Art de Carthage (French: Carthage Academy of Art; Tunisia)
- Academy of Art College (San Francisco, CA)
- Acceptable Ambient Concentration


text:
See What is Happening on the City by the Lake
Happy New Year Brokers and Site Selectors:
I welcome you to our review our bi-annual site selector update. Michigan City Indiana continues to perform well above all expectations and 2019 was no exception. A city of 31,000 residents located at the southern tip of Lake Michigan an hour east of Chicago via I-94, we saw over $1.5 million worth of capital investments and a diversity of projects from mixed use projects, multi-family mid-rise to manufacturing.
With programs in the K-12 system such as Coding, Energy Academy, Construction School and the award winning Compress Air Academy, Michigan City is not only creating successful business education partnerships but also building the pipeline for our future workforce.
A small rustic Midwest town that has undergone tremendous economic transformation, we have seen over $1.5 billion invested in public and private projects in the past 8 years. Unprecedented!
Please review the highlights from our 2019 economic development report below. I encourage you to consider Michigan City as a contender for your next project – we are ready and waiting for you.
Clarence L. Hulse
Executive Director
426 Acres of Land Annexed into Michigan City
In December, the City Council voted to unanimously approve the volunteer annexation of land owned by Oehmstead Co., Green Acres, Pioneer Lumber, MHP 1, LLC; Illinois Indiana Development Co. and Cemetery Regents of the City of Michigan City, Indiana.
Michigan City Mayor Ron Meer said, "As the Mayor, I believe it is paramount that our goal is to make Michigan CIty, and in this particular case, this property, attractive and 'shovel ready' for potential investors and developers. The city engaged in a friendly annexation of this property and plans to invest in the area with water and swere infrastructure. With its ideal location and proximity to rail spur, I-94 and I-90, I believe this property provides an excellent opportunity for a manufacturer or investor to utilize and develop. Ultimately, everything we have done here is the foundation on which economic and job growth can be built to benefit our community."
For more information on the annexation, click
for the News-Dispatch article
Investment in Michigan City Reaches Over $1.5 Billion
Since 2012, Michigan City has recognized over $1.5 Billion in public and private investments.
City administration has been very diligent in improving old infrastructure and investing in new infrastructure to modernize and to provide efficient services.
Over the past 8 years an estimated $47,456,000 has been spent in storm and sewer projects, $82,488,000 roads, and over $544 million in other city projects. This has laid the foundation and attracted investors who have become confident by the city investing itself.
Over the same time period, especially in the past 5 years, there has been over $1 Billion in capital investment coming from the private sector. In the last 3 years these investments have created over 638 new jobs and retained 1,914 jobs.
To view the investment maps, please click
Promise Scholarship
Michigan City's Promise Scholarship, a Mayor Ron Meer initiative, was named one of the "Best Practices in Talent Retention Strategies" by Ady Advantage, a comprehensive and integrated economic development, site selection and marketing consulting firm.
The scholarship won the award after a Midwest Talent Strategy was conducted by the Wisconsin firm, and was recognized at the Mid American Economic Council Best Practices Conference in July. 85 communities across the Midwest submitted their initiavties, 10 were interviewed, and the toop 5 were invited to the conference to receive the award.
For more information, visit the
Promise Scholarship website
EDCMC's New Strategic Plan
Economic Development Corporation Michigan City (EDCMC) finalized a long-term strategic economic development initiative-
An Agenda for Economic Prosperity
- highlighting action items towards creating a local sustainable business environment and economic prosperity and equity for all residents following the same principles of economic inclusion.
In December 2018, EDCMC announced the organization was embarking upon a process to develop a comprehensive strategic initiative. Since then, EDCMC outlined a plan of action towards a more robust and competitive marketplace in Michigan City. The strategic plan highlights workforce development/talent attraction, placemaking, aggressive storytelling and economic modernization.
Read EDCMC's official strategic plan
EDCMC releases Opportunity Zone Prospectus
With funding from the Michigan City Redevelopment Commission, Economic Development Corporation Michigan City prepared and released
Michigan City Opportunity Zone Prospectus
, an investment guide that will be utilized to enable Michigan City to communicate its competitive advantages, trigger local partnerships and identify significant projects that are ready for the public, private and civic capital.
Opportunity Zones, introduced in the Tax Reform and Jobs Act of 2018, seek to encourage economic growth and investment in designated distressed communities by providing Federal income tax benefits to taxpayers who invest in business located within these zone.
Learn more about our Opportunity Zone Prospectus on our
Sullair A Hitachi Group Company Ground Breaking
On a beautiful October day, Sullair broke ground on a $30 million expansion at its Michigan City, IN location. Along with adding 80,000 square feet, Sullair will be adding 30 to 40 more jobs. For more information about this major expansion, please
Read here!
Compressed Air Academy
After three years of studies, meetings and curriculum development, MCAS and EDCMC were proud to unveil the nation's first Compressed Air Academy.
Representatives from Sullair, Boss, Dekker, Sullivan Palatek, LEFCO, CompressAir were there to meet the students of the first class. For more information, please
For more information on MCAS Compressed Air Academy, please click
Upscale Apartments Coming to Michigan City
The former Memorial Hospital site will be home to a new 128 unit luxury apartment complex. This brings a $45 million investment to the downtown area and will include one and two-bedroom apartments, retail space, and a top floor restaurant.
Michigan City Development Partners has a goal to have the project completed by summer of 2021.
For more information, please
the NWI Times article.
6988 W. US-20, Michigan City, IN
Indiana Heavy Haul Truck Route - Build to Suit
Building Size: 80,000 SF (Expandable)
Space Available: 10,000 - 120,000 SF
Land: 20 Acres
Parking: 250 Spaces (Truck Trailer); 150 Spaces (Car)
Clearance: 28' Clear
Loading Docks: 16
Beginning in 2020 the park will begin the process of becoming a Tax Increment Financing Districts (TIF).
for more information.
Contact Roy Roelke from NAI Cressy for more details about this or other properties in Michigan City. Phone: 574-286-9159 Email:
To learn more about other properties available in Michigan City or to have your commercial or industrial property featured in the future, please contact the EDCMC at 219-873-1211 or email
Economic Development Corporation Michigan City | 219.873.1211 | email@example.com | www.edcmc.com


text:
Essentials Hipster
Pack your bikini and set sail on a new and exciting adventure with your Seafolly Essentials. Easy to mix and match, the Essentials Hipster Bikini Pants is perfect for girls on the go.
- Hipster Style
- Soft edges
- Offers classic coverage
- Reusable bikini pack
or make 4 interest-free payments of $14.99 NZD fortnightly with More info
Returns Policy
Hot Body do not offer refunds for change of mind; however store credits can be provided within 7 days of original purchase date granted the garment meets the below conditions:
- Proof of purchase provided
- Tags attached
- Garment in original condition, including unworn and unwashed
For more details please see https://bit.ly/2qAZX1m
Hot Body offers FREE POSTAGE within New Zealand for all orders over $200. Orders of $199.99 and under will incur a $9.95 delivery fee.For international orders, Orders totalling $100 and over will incur a $20 (NZ) delivery fee. Orders totalling $99.99 and under will incur a $25 (NZ) delivery fee.
For more details see https://bit.ly/2RNwAEO


text:
Earn Money
Earn Money Online, probably it could be one of the most searched keywords in search engines in recent times. We share genuine information on this topic.
How To Make Money With AdMob Ads
Are you a developer and looking for a way to make some…Read More »
TikTok Vs. YouTube – Which Is Better To Earn Money Online?
If you create videos and want to earn money online by creating…Read More »
Earn Money Online Through Tech Review Websites
Do you ever think that why so many tech review websites are…Read More »
How To Make Money Online As A Virtual Assistant
Are you want to become a virtual assistant and make money from…Read More »
What Is Drop Shipping Business And How Does It Work?
Are you want to start a profitable online business without any investment?…Read More »
5 Best Freelance Websites To Earn Money Online
Are you looking for the best freelance websites? Then check these freelance…Read More »
The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Freelance Jobs
Are you planning for freelance jobs? Before you make a final decision,…Read More »


text:
- 4
- 4
- 2,255.24 m2
- 翻译为中文
- Translate to English
- Übersetzen auf Deutsch
- 한국어 번역
- Traduire vers français
- Vertalen naar het Nederlands
- Traduci in italiano
- 日本語に翻訳
- Traduire vers français
- Перевести на русский
- Traducir al español
- Translate bahasa inggris
- 翻譯為中文
- แปลเป็นภาษาไทย
- Terjemahkan ke Bahasa Indonesia
Details:- This unique seaside home along with an adjacent cottage, are situated on a 23,500 square foot property with 25 feet beach of front. The seaside cottage is turn key, with a large living, kitchen and dining area, a bedroom, a bathroom and a laundry room. Enjoy the outdoor life and direct ocean views from the covered porch Every room in the cottage offers views of the turquoise waters and beach. The main house, features an open living, dining and kitchen area that flows together with twelve foot ceilings. And again, endless ocean views. Two ensuite bedrooms are located on the first floor, as well a laundry room. The second floor boasts one huge master suite and bathroom with panoramic sea views. The main house is unfinished inside: it is only studded out with both electric and plumbing. One has the opportunity to put their own finishing touches. Ideal for someone to reside in cottage while they finish the house. The completed property has excellent rental potential. Airbnb beach front rentals are in demand on the island. Or the property would make for a cute B&B, a yoga retreat, or a bone fish camp. There is ample space on the lot for an infinity pool or additional structures. The ocean waters in this area are calm, and you can moor your boat right out front. Truly, a one of a kind property. NOTE: This property is to viewed via appointment only. Please no walk ups.
Basic info
- Property Type House
- House Size 2,255.24 m2 (approx)
- Rooms 4 bedrooms 4 bathrooms
- Address Nassau,New Providence, New Providence, Address available on request


text:
Children and young people
Employment outcomes for NDIS participants
31 July 2019
Video - Unfinished Business - profiles of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with disability
5 July 2015
Unfinished Business was a photographic exhibition featuring stories of 30 Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islander people that have a disability. Each photograph was accompanied by a short narrative-style video interview. These videos are all available to watch online, together or separately, with captions.
Website - Limbs 4 Kids
11 June 2015
Limbs 4 Kids supports Australian children and young people with congenital and acquired limb differences. Limbs 4 Kids provides assistance to parents, carers, siblings, family members, healthcare providers, educators and community workers.
Website - Therapy Choices
25 April 2015
This website gives information about what different kinds of therapists – such as podiatrists, orthoptists and audiologists – do. It also has information on how to contact a therapist locally.
Website - Healthy Active Life
25 April 2015
This website talks about the ways to get support in different parts of your life. It has some short videos and no writing.
Booklet - A guide to choosing an OT, Physiotherapist or Speech Therapist for a child
23 April 2015
Choosing a private Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist or Speech Pathologist for a child with a developmental disability is a booklet published by the NSW Government. It explains the best ways to find a therapy provider and the questions you should ask.
Video - Decisions, decisions, decisions!
23 April 2015
This video talks about what are big decisions and what are small decisions. It also talks about what your rights are when you make a decision. (Captions, no audio description).


text:
I have a dataset with 891 observations and 12 variables. From them, 2 have NA values (V1 has 20% NA and V2 has 77% NA).
First I examined if the data are MAR. So, I have created 2 new variables named V1_NA and V2_NA that act as a flag on whether that variables have NA (so 0 if NA, 1 otherwise). Then I performed Chi Square Independence Test between each of them and the response variable and in both cases I rejected the NULL (p-value < 0.00001), so I concluded that the data are NOT MAR.
I was planning on using KNN imputation but I am not sure if that is appropriate now since the data are not MAR. I have found conflicting views on the subject with some suggesting I cannot use imputation (https://www.theanalysisfactor.com/missing-data-mechanism/) and others suggesting that KNN algorithm is applicable in non MAR data (https://towardsdatascience.com/the-use-of-knn-for-missing-values-cf33d935c637).
So to sum up my questions are:
Is my approach correct to infer that the data are MAR? If not how should I test alternatively?
If my approach is correct for infering MAR, can I use KNN imputation?


text:
10% discount on your first online purchase
Promozione esclusiva per gli ordini online
Take advantage now of 10% discount on your first order, reserved for registered customers.
The discount is valid only once.
This offer can not be combined with other active promotions.
All items / accessories of the Stone Island brand are excluded.


text:
Water Freedom System
went. Devilish little boys I'd seen at school were now wearing white shirts with vests and ties, and the older girls were carting around younger siblings on their hips. People I'd just met introduced me to their mothers and fathers, cousins, and neighbors.
When everyone was seated, elder Isaac Akootchook (who I learned was also the retired Presbyterian minister and who looked to me like a Shakespearean friar, with his gray hair cut straight across his forehead) led us in prayer. Partly in English and partly in Inupiaq, we gave thanks for the food that came from the land and the sea. Then the servers, a group of young adults working in pairs, brought around the pots and platters to everyone in their seats. First came the soups—sheep, goose, duck, and caribou, ladled into our held-out bowls—and the breads. Then came the ham, turkey and stuffing, coleslaw and macaroni and Jell-O salads, a compote made from dried fruits, a huge bowl of crowberries, cans of pop.
Everybody ate and ate, and took seconds, and then, when the soups and other foods came around for a third time, opened their coolers and filled containers to take home. Elders smiled, children played, babies were passed around, everybody ate some more. My bowl of sheep soup had chunks of meat in a rich broth, the fry bread with raisins was warm, and the compote reminded me of meals I'd had in Russia. I wondered who had picked all those crowberries, and I thought of fall on the tundra and what it would be like to be part of a berry-picking party, seated among plenty, fingers turning blue.
The servers came around again, this time lugging the bags and boxes of muktuk, then whale meat, whale tongue, and the highly desirable pieces of whale flipper. Each recipient was asked the size of his or her household, and shares, parceled out accordingly, went into the various coolers.
This is Inupiaq tradition—sharing throughout the community by the whaling captains, regardless of who may have helped (or not) with the whaling or the work that followed. Shares had been distributed after the September hunt, and the next occasion would be at Christmas.
As if we all hadn't had quite enough to eat, the ulus (crescent-shaped knives used by Eskimo women) came out and tastes of muk-tuk were sliced up on plates or on cardboard atop coolers. As a snack, muktuk is cut very small. The pieces are not much longer or wider than matchsticks, the whitish whale fat with the black skin on one end like a match head. I watched one little boy with his own small ulu cut and salt a piece and hold it out to his mother. I watched others dipping theirs into a pool of ketchup. When Austin, one of the boys I knew from school, offered me a piece, I was glad for it and a second one, too. Despite my full stomach, the salted fat and soft chew of skin filled a certain craving, not unlike the one I might have for a sweet at the end of a meal.
The fire chief, George, was showing Pete something on his camera, and Pete waved me over. "This was two nights ago," George said and turned the viewer to me. The picture was of a polar bear standing at an open Dumpster, its front paws on the rim and its head reaching in. "Someone threw some whale scraps in there."
A couple of evenings later, Pete and Elaine plugged their video camera into the TV to show me polar bears—specifically polar bears feeding on leftovers from that fall's whaling. The first of the three bowhead whales allocated to Kaktovik (by international and Alaskan whaling commissions) in 2008 was taken on September 6, towed to shore, and stripped of its fat and meat. That night, when the bones and scraps had been hauled to the bone pile on the spit, Pete and Elaine joined others in the community to watch the bears feast. The scene was illuminated by headlights, while people got out of their cars and trucks to stand just fifty feet from the powerful animals.
On the video, three white bears work over the bones and the mounds of waste. They're beautiful animals—thick bodied and narrow headed, bellies already bulging, impossibly plush fur rippling with every turn and every extension of long, reaching necks. One has a dirty face, and another wears a research radio collar around its neck—a white band that glows like a reflective strip on a child's jacket. They seem utterly intent on eating, equally indifferent to the lights focused on them and the people moving around and talking. The video picks up the murmuring of appreciative voices, someone saying, "There's one lying down over there."
In recent years Kaktovik has become famous for its polar bears— for the opportunity to see them close up, at the bone pile. Tourists come from afar after whaling season for precisely this opportunity. I remembered the advertising I'd seen back in the summer—see polar bears! see them before they're gone! Several photographers and photographic guides who live in Kaktovik now make their livings from the easy accessibility of the bears, as do Art and Jennifer Smith, who operate a business specializing in "embedded natural history media productions" and in 2009 would release a documentary film, Ice Bears of the Beaufort.9 Two "hotels"—trailer or trailerlike structures with a lot of character if not class—cater to the increasing number of visitors.
This polar bear tourism, which might rightly be considered one species of "climate change tourism" is not without its challenges and controversies. Was it not at least ironic for wealthy people to fly thousands of miles and spend gobs of money to see creatures that their well-traveled and materialistic lifestyles are responsible for threatening? A friend of mine who operates high-end hiking and rafting tours in the Arctic Refuge recently added a Kaktovik polar bear tour. The biggest challenge, she'd found, was getting there in foggy September. But the bear viewing, when they did get there, was fabulous. She laughed when she told me how, the first day, they'd been so careful about approaching the bone pile and bears— stopping their rented vehicle a long way off, without lights, whispering. Then the locals had arrived, roaring up with bright lights and loud voices, and the bears never even looked up from feeding.
(In fact, though, individual bears react differently to such disturbance, depending on such things as past experience with humans, nutritional status, and approach distance and speed; some are more tolerant than others, and it's never a great idea to crowd them. Data collected by bear researchers has found that at the Kaktovik bone pile—and elsewhere—bears are frequently affected and sometimes displaced by human viewers.)
Elaine's video, as we watched it that night, captured more whaling and more bears. As the date in the corner showed us progressing into and through September, we watched three bears swimming smoothly across the lagoon next to town, flocks of ravens perched on whale bones while bears moved around them, an Arctic fox with some summer brown still in its coat, a collared mother bear with two small cubs, six or seven bears all feeding together. "The most we saw out there at one time," Elaine said, "was thirteen bears."
We watched, on the video, as a collared bear moved to the side and exposed an odd-looking square patch, the size of a sheet of paper, on its haunch. I leaned toward the TV. "That looks like it was shaved." I remembered something I'd read: Researchers had taken muscle samples from the bears' rumps to see whether fasting bears were getting their energy from fat stores or muscle, and they had inserted small thermometers under their skin to monitor body temperature and see if they were in an energy-conserving state known as "walking hibernation."
"The villagers don't like that, the collars and the other research." Elaine sipped her tea. "They think it's disrespectful to the bears, and sometimes the collars get too tight on their necks."
By all accounts, there are more polar bears around Kaktovik now than there have been in the remembered or storied past. The reason for this is not an expanding population but a shift in habitat use. It's that shift—related to the loss of sea ice—that researchers are trying to understand.
Polar bears are categorized as marine mammals and evolved to live primarily over the ocean, on sea ice. They survive in punishing physical conditions by eating the fatty seals they capture at breathing holes or at the edges of broken ice. But now, with more open water in summer, a longer melt duration, and younger and thinner ice, the bears have lost much of their habitat.
In Canada's Hudson Bay, where the loss of sea ice has led polar bears to spend longer periods onshore, those bears generally fast while they wait for the return of the ice and their access to seals. The well-studied bears there have gotten smaller and thinner and have demonstrated poorer reproductive success and survival.
The Beaufort Sea situation so far is less dire, although comparisons between data collected twenty years ago and today show that more bears in the southern Beaufort Sea are now going without food and for longer stretches of time, that fewer cubs are surviving, and that adult males weigh less.10 A study completed in 2007 by the U.S. Geological Survey concluded that, within fifty years, two-thirds of the world's polar bears, including all those now living along and off Alaska's coast, will likely be gone. The only place in which a remnant population is projected to survive is the high latitudes of the Canadian Arctic and northwest Greenland, the last area projected to hold summer sea ice.
Since the early 1990s, scientific surveys and observations from local residents have suggested that bears are increasing their use of land during the open-water season. In addition, scientists have found that since 1998, more females have been denning on land instead of on the ice. Researchers now estimate that, for the southern Beaufort Sea population, up to 8 percent are using the coast during summer. Before this last decade, it was rare to see any polar bears on land in summer.
One Alaska study, based on weekly aerial surveys since 2000, confirmed that the number of bears on land increased when sea ice was farthest from shore.11 Bears congregate onshore near high densities of ringed seals, their primary food source once they regain the ice, and in areas closest to the ice edge. The part of the Beaufort Sea coast with both the highest ringed seal density and the shortest distance to the pack ice edge is at Barter Island. The scientists have theorized that, if the summer ice pack continues to decline as predicted, more Beaufort bears will come ashore in anticipation of reaching seals from the land-fast ice that forms in the fall, as opposed to staying out on the pack ice and waiting longer for it to extend, from the other direction, over the continental shelf and the seals.
Of course, the whale carcasses onshore are an inviting source of food. There are more carcasses in Barrow compared to Kaktovik, but more bears at Kaktovik, as many as sixty-five seen eating at the same feeding site at one time. Thus, the bears at Barter Island not only avoid fasting by feeding on whale carcasses, they position themselves for seal hunting once ice re-forms in the fall.
A University of Wyoming study involving bears fitted with GPS collars was a two-year program designed to understand just how the Beaufort Sea bears are coping with longer ice-free seasons. How are bear health and survival being affected? What strategies are bears employing to access habitat and food?
In the first part of the study, twenty-nine bears along the coast were captured in August 2008, and twelve were fitted with radio collars. Two months later six of the collared bears were recaptured. (The other collars were programmed for automatic release in November.) Measurements and samples were taken from the bears, to determine how they fared over the period onshore. One of the biologists involved, Eric Regehr of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, told me shortly after his return from the recapture effort that his "impression was that the bears on land were pretty fat and healthy."
(Later, the second year's research, which used an ice-breaking ship to reach the summer ice pack two hundred miles north of the coast, involved collaring eleven bears and recapturing four of them later in the season.12 The comparison between how bears were doing on the ice and how they were doing onshore would take longer to complete, but the researchers noted with concern the scarcity of seals available to the bears when the sea ice is so far out, over deep water. They also found the thinness of the ice a safety issue—for both themselves and the bears.)
Susi Miller, a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, said to me about the capture work, "That research has given us much of what we know about bears, but we have to be sensitive to concerns in the Native community. We have to be handling the bears only when we absolutely can't get data any other way."
A Kaktovik resident warned me, "If you worry about the bears, you better also worry about the seals." Ringed and bearded seals, the two largest parts of the polar bear's diets, are also "ice-dependent species." The lairs where ringed seals birth on the ice are collapsing now earlier in spring, leaving the young vulnerable to the cold as well as to predators, including ravens. Bearded seals forage for invertebrates on the sea floor—habitat they cannot reach from ice that's retreated far over deep water. Walrus, too—not near Kakto-vik but farther west—need ice as a platform for resting and bearing young. In recent years young walrus have been abandoned by mothers that had to swim hundreds of miles from the shrunken, distant ice pack to find food in shallower seas. Walrus have also crowded onto beaches, where they're more vulnerable to predation by humans and bears, and to trampling one another when panicked. In October 2007 an estimated 6,000 to 10,000 walruses came ashore in Northwest Alaska, for the first time in recorded history. Then again, in 2009, some 3,500 walruses were spotted along that same coast, and a few days later 131 of them—mostly young animals—were found trampled to death. Aside from the risk of trampling deaths, researchers questioned the feeding success of so many animals confined to small areas; one biologist likened it to putting all the cattle from a farm onto one little pasture.
Polar bears, seals, walrus—they're the megafauna at the top of the whole ice-dependent ecosystem. The Arctic food web begins with algae that grow on the underside of the ice. Tiny shrimplike amphi-pods and other zooplankton feed on the algae, then are fed on by Arctic cod and other small fish, which are then fed on by seals and seabirds. Bowhead whales also feed on zooplankton—up to three thousand pounds of them per day, each. The equation's pretty simple: no ice = no algae = no zooplankton = no "higher order" animals, all the way through the food web.
There aren't a lot of eyes watching what happens in and over Arctic waters, but troubling reports have been floating in of exhausted polar bears seen swimming far from any ice or shore. Elaine had captured with her video three bears—a mother and cubs—swimming almost effortlessly one after another across the lagoon by the bone pile. With their big paddle-shaped paws and their buoyant fat layers, polar bears are capable of crossing up to a hundred miles of calm open water. But they can't swim forever or in rough seas, and there have been reports, too, of bloated humps of drowned bears drifting through Arctic waters.
Alaska's polar bears had, just months before my visit to Kaktovik, been listed as threatened under the federal Endangered Species Act. I knew how environmentalists felt about this—surprised that the Bush administration would list anything, no matter how clear the case might be, and then angry when they read Interior secretary Dirk Kempthorne's order and realized how limited the protection would be. And I knew how the state of Alaska, which likes its oil and gas industry, felt. The state, despite having no polar bear biologists of its own, had argued that the bears were doing fine and immediately announced that it would sue to overturn the listing.
The listing got mixed reviews in Kaktovik as well. While Fenton
Rexford, the tribal administrator, criticized it as unnecessary, hunter and wilderness guide Robert Thompson called the listing "essential." My sense was that two main issues were wrapped around individual responses. One was nervousness about whether there'd be a new layer of regulation and perhaps restrictions concerning subsistence hunting, and the other was attitudes toward oil development.
Rexford, a whaling caption who'd held many leadership positions in the village and region, was both wary of outside interference in local matters and in favor of economic development—specifically opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling. (He'd once appeared on PBS's NewsHour as a local expert, to explain that Kaktovik had prospered from Prudhoe Bay oil tax revenues—prosperity that had brought running water and flush toilets to the village in 2000.) Rexford is well aware that climate or weather, and particularly the sea ice situation, has been changing, though he's not sure how much of that change can rightly be attributed to global warming associated with greenhouse gas emissions. He might or might not have been kidding me when he told me about an icebreaking oil tanker that had come through in 1969, when the industry was testing the possibility of moving Prudhoe Bay oil by tanker as opposed to building an eight-hundred-mile pipeline; that, he said, could be a reason the sea ice was now more fragile.
Guide Robert Thompson was perhaps Rexford's polar opposite. An activist who opposes oil development—onshore and off—in the Arctic, he was hooked up by the Internet to national environmental organizations, traveled frequently to conferences as an Inupiaq speaker, and wrote editorials. I had known of his involvement with an Alaskan Native grassroots network known as REDOIL (Resisting Environmental Destruction on Indigenous Lands) and was glad when he offered to stop by teachers' housing one evening to talk.
Thompson, a sturdy, middle-aged man with a professorial talkativeness, understood the polar bear listing as an essential part of the larger picture—the changes we need to make to move from a fossil
122 part three fuel-driven economy to renewable energies and sustainability. The first thing he said to me was, "Look at polar bears. Some people say, 'I don't think they should be listed. There's lots of them.' There's lots of them because there's no ice for them to get onto out there. If you look around you and see that there's twenty bears out at the bone pile, you might think there's plenty, you don't have to be concerned. But it's a little bigger than that. Look at the satellite photos."
Noting that nine hundred thousand people had written letters or e-mails or signed petitions supporting the listing, Thompson compared the place of polar bears in the sea ice situation to that of caribou in the Arctic Refuge. "The polar bear's the poster child for the climate change issue. We need something for people to rally behind."The essential part of the listing, for him, was the protection of habitat, which would include onshore denning sites as the bears spent more time ashore. "You don't just list it and say it's listed and carry on with oil development or whatever."
The effort to get the polar bears listed went back to 2005, when a number of conservation groups first petitioned for the designation, based on the loss of sea ice habitat. There have since been five more petitions for ice-dependent species—walrus and four seal species; these determinations are still being studied and/or litigated. Conservationists have wanted, with such listings, to bring attention to global climate issues—and more, to force our government to address climate change and reduce carbon emissions. When the polar bear listing (as a threatened species, not yet endangered) was finally announced in May 2008, Kassie Siegel of the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the petitioners, said, "Even the Bush administration can't deny the reality of global warming."13
The celebration was short-lived. Interior Secretary Kempthorne, forced into the listing by the science and federal courts, added a caveat that the listing would not "set backdoor climate policy"—that the ESA could not be used to regulate greenhouse gas emissions. He stated that no new regulation of either industry or subsistence hunting in Alaska would be necessary. He specifically ruled that oil and gas development allowed under the standards of the Marine Mammal Protection Act would also be allowed under the ESA. Only one change to the status quo was anticipated by Interior officials—polar bear trophies could no longer be imported from Canada to the United States.
Indeed, it's hard to say just what the ESA listing will mean for the bears, not until we've had years more of litigation. Conservationists have challenged the rulings that oil and gas development can continue in bear habitat and that emissions are immune from controls. And, Alaska has its own lawsuit, which insists that projections for sea ice loss are only hypothetical.
When I asked Susi Miller, the polar bear biologist, what she thought the ESA listing meant for the bears, she said, "I don't think we'll stop the ice from melting." She was hard put to say what might be different, except that the listing had made people more aware of climate change. The Fish and Wildlife Service would continue to work with the oil and gas industry to minimize potential conflicts with the bears, and she thought they'd be taking a hard look at critical habitat—specifically key denning and feeding areas and the role of barrier islands. She hoped there'd be some funding for new research and the development of a long-term conservation plan.
Almost a year later, the Obama administration would propose 200,541 square miles of critical habitat for polar bears—7 percent of it barrier islands and onshore denning sites and the rest sea ice in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas. The designation would not stop oil and gas or other development but would require consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service. The announcement was made the same week that the Interior Department approved a plan for exploratory drilling in the same, critical-habitat-designated area of the Beaufort, a move environmentalists called "schizophrenic."
Thompson, on his third cup of coffee, told me about his plans for installing a wind generator at his house, about the difficulties of cleaning up spilled oil in broken ice, and that, when more droughts and food shortages resulted from climate change, "we'll make it, but the person who buys from the store, they could be in dire straits."
I asked finally, as delicately as I could, about hunting—or, more accurately, polar bear shootings. I had heard that three polar bears had been shot in the village recently—bears that were staying around and considered potentially dangerous—and that Thompson had shot two of these, one of them in his yard. "People don't just go shoot them," Thompson said. "Nobody's abusing the privilege." He estimated that, in the last twenty years, no more than two or three were taken each year in and near Kaktovik. "What we're looking at is protecting the habitat. It's not just for the polar bears, it's for the whales and all the other animals."
Thompson turned the conversation back to oil development. "We've been told for years we had to support ANWR [that is, opening the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil development] so they don't go offshore." While the inland Gwich'in Athabascans have steadfastly opposed drilling on the coastal plain, calving grounds of the caribou they depend on, the people of Kak-tovik have generally been okay with oil development on land but adamantly against it offshore. Although the refuge is, quite literally, their backyard and they eat caribou, too, their Inupiaq culture is based primarily on what the sea provides.
Aside from environmental effects, one big difference between onshore and offshore development is that local governments and the state of Alaska receive taxes and other payments from the first, but only the federal government makes money from the second.
If administrator Fenton Rexford held a viewpoint of someone in authority who needed to worry about public services, and Robert Thompson was an activist concerned about the global environment, Marie Rexford was largely traditional in her views. Marie, sister-in-law to Fenton and an artist known for sewing traditional women's clothing out of unusual fabrics (like the atikluk, or overdress, she'd worn at the Thanksgiving feast, with sailboats and lighthouses on it), met me one day at the Waldo Arms Hotel, one of two establishments in Kaktovik that serve food. Surrounded by historical and wildlife photos, maps and big baleen fronds etched with whaling scenes, all the material culture that makes the hotel-café almost a museum, she lamented to me the intrusive nature of some of the polar bear research. ("We keep telling them, why don't they just go to the elders. The elders have all this knowledge.") And then she told me about growing up in Kaktovik and the changes she's seen over the years.
Marie told me how "weird" it was not to see sea ice in the summers anymore, about the erosion of the barrier islands on which people had always camped to escape bugs and mice, and about catching a new kind of fish and having to take samples to the Fish and Game people to identify because no one had ever seen them before. A few years earlier the caribou herd from Barrow had come to Barter Island for the first time anyone could remember, and then an ice storm covered the tundra and prevented the animals from digging their way to food. Many had died.
Marie had been a part of a whaling crew but wasn't going out anymore, was letting the younger people go instead. The last time she'd gone, she said, was "hard for women." When I looked puzzled, she explained: It had to do with the sea ice, that there wasn't any, and so there was no ice to get out on, away from the crowded open boats, when they needed to relieve themselves. (I had to smile when brother-in-law Fenton later told me that whaling was actually easier with less ice, because "it wasn't in the way.") Elsewhere across the north, whaling is typically done from the ice edge, in open leads, and lack of ice is a serious problem for those hunters.
We talked more about whaling: There used to be eight crews in the village; six had gone out this year. Marie said, "We lost two people this year."
"Do you mean the boating accident?" I had heard about this earlier, when it had happened in the summer.
"It was not a boating accident!" Marie was emphatic about this. "We never had an accident like this in this village."
Haltingly, Marie told me about the family—related to her and, it seemed, everyone in Kaktovik—that had been traveling along the coast by boat. They'd camped on a barrier island, leaving the boat in a protected area behind a point and taking a four-wheeler to a higher spot. A big storm—the same one that had flooded the airport and undercut the bluffs at Kaktovik—blew up.
Marie paused to wipe her eyes with a napkin. I murmured something about how sorry I was, but I was thinking how similar this story was to the one I'd heard in Fort Good Hope a year earlier, about a sudden fierce storm that swamped a boat on the Mackenzie and drowned three villagers. The weather used to be something the elders were good at judging, the dynamics of the water something they knew, the land a solid state. Now the world was different, less predictable, more dangerous.
Choking back tears, Marie described how the family had gone back to get the boat, only to find that the storm had cut a channel through the island. The older man tried to wade across, sank into a soft area, and was knocked down by waves. "The big waves got him. His son was trying to help him, and he got washed out." Both were swept by fast currents into the ocean and drowned while the wife of one, mother of the other, watched helplessly. It was several more days before she and a grandchild were able to reach the boat and motor back to the village, just the two of them pulling into the lagoon on a beautiful summer's day. "It was the first time this happened," Marie said again, and blew her nose. "We couldn't believe it."
I hated to probe at such obvious pain, but I had to ask: "I'm wondering, though, do people associate that storm with changes in the weather and climate? Was it because the sea ice was so far away that there were big waves?"
"I think so," she said with emphasis. "Not enough ice out there. That's how we're losing our barrier islands. They're going underwater."
As is the case everywhere in the rapidly changing north, environmental and societal changes are hard to separate from one another. At one point while we talked, Marie lamented that she'd been "born too late," that she wished she'd lived in an earlier time when people were more nomadic, traveling on the land instead of staying home and watching TV. When her six kids were finished with school, she wanted to move into the mountains, to allotments her family has there, and live a life more connected to the land. "At least I have my hunters," she said, referring to her sons and a young grandson, "when I can't go anymore." But she also thought that oil development was necessary to the economy, and she was looking forward to the $4,000 dividend the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation would be paying every shareholder in December.
We talked about art. As an artist, Marie made—in addition to clothing—caribou skin masks, drawings on baleen, purses, and note cards. I asked if she thought "climate change tourism" could provide more of an economic opportunity for Kaktovik, if people concerned about polar bears made it a travel destination. She was not much interested in tourism, she said. She had all the art market she wanted from people already passing through the village as they visited the Arctic Refuge and who were sometimes a problem when they camped on private land. She'd worked, very briefly, for one of the operations that brought tourists to see bears at the bone pile. "It was really boring for me," she said, to stand there for hours and answer the same questions over and over.
Marie was reluctant to talk too much about the future, to speculate on what climate change might do to her village and the lives of her children and grandchildren, or to suggest what things might be done differently to prevent the worst from happening or to adapt to what was happening, or would, or might. "How can you tell the
128 part three future?" she asked. "You cannot, because it's always going to change. Elders say, 'Be careful what you say. What you say can happen. You have a powerful mouth.'"
Later, Marie's words kept returning to me. I knew I was always pushing, trying to learn from others what they knew and what their expertise could teach the rest of us about what it takes to cope with climate change, what we could learn from traditional cultures about adaptation and resilience. I had learned less well to understand that the success of northern people has also come from acceptance of what can't be controlled and from a knowledge that people are not in charge of the natural world, but a part of it, susceptible to its rules rather than being its ruler. It would be a hard thing, in the Inupiaq culture, to believe that humans had altered basic conditions of life on earth and that we should think about the future we have wrought and how we might live in it. It was a step even beyond that to consider what we should do to reverse the harm.
On Sunday, Elaine and I attended the Presbyterian church service, in the simple wooden building with a velvet Jesus on the wall and an altar with its one lit candle. (It was First Advent Sunday.) I was not normally a churchgoer, but I'd long been intrigued with the way Alaska Natives have married traditional spirituality and practices with the Christian beliefs and rituals brought by missionaries. To be sure, missionaries, like teachers and government officials, had done much to denigrate and destroy Native culture, but Native people didn't so much assimilate as adapt, actively choosing what worked for them as they shaped modern lives around age-old values. I had found that, in villages, I could learn something about strength and resilience by attending church.
The ordained minister, Mary Ann Warden, was a large woman in her sixties, dressed in sneakers and slacks and wearing a beautiful beaded necklace with a cross and a dove over a plain blouse. Warden had grown up in Kaktovik but, like so many of her generation who were now in leadership positions, she'd lived elsewhere and been well educated—in her case earning degrees in criminal justice and sociology as well as an MA in divinity. She'd returned to Kaktovik only a few years earlier, when her uncle Isaac retired from the ministry.
On this Sunday the theme was awakening, and Warden spoke (in English for the morning service—an evening service would be in Inupiaq) of the religious sense of being awake and ready for the return of the Lord, and then she'd spoken more particularly about the value of being awake generally, paying attention to the world around us. Hunters, she reminded us, would have to be awake, but so would the family at home. We wouldn't know when the hunters might return, but we would cook up a big pot of soup and have it ready for them at any time.
The other part of the service I most enjoyed was the "prayers of the people," when congregants offered prayers to specific people in need. There was a prayer for a woman who was having all her teeth pulled the next day, for Uncle Daniel who had a pain in his shoulder, for the family that had gone to California to get medical treatment for a child.
When I spoke with her later, Warden, like so many others, told me she was seeing different kinds of birds than she had as a child, and that the ground was melting. I was curious about her religious view; did she teach that whatever happened was in God's hands or that humans had a responsibility to care for the earth? She was emphatic on this point: Presbyterian and Inupiat values were the same regarding the environment. "Our people have deep roots in taking care of the land," she said. She remembered her grandmother collecting "mouse food," the seeds stored by lemmings in their burrows, to feed her own family; she would always put something back for the lemmings, so they wouldn't go hungry. "And we never polluted the land." But there were other teachings, too: "A long time ago they said the island might fall into the water," so perhaps what the elders had said was coming true.
In Kaktovik, the whale bone pile is purposely located on a far spit past the airport, away from the village, and away from the beach where the whales are brought ashore and butchered. We tried to drive there one afternoon, but the road was drifted over and the bears were gone, anyway. Only the massive rib and jaw bones stuck up in the air like an old shipwreck.
The idea with the bone pile was that scavenging bears would stay there and not wander into the village, and when they left they would swim to the barrier islands beyond or the ice itself, when it came. This worked, for the most part. The bears had feasted in September and October and then left on the ice. Still, and as much as residents and tourists enjoyed seeing the bears, the bears could be a danger. Two decades ago in Point Lay, another North Slope village, a young couple walking through town in the middle of a December night was attacked by a polar bear, and the young man was killed. In Kaktovik, a sign in the post office warns beware of polar bears! DO NOT leave children UNATTENDED OR FOOD IN THE OPEN, and one door of the school is always left unlocked so that anyone can escape into a vestibule for safety.
I visited Nora Jane Burns, the village liaison for the North Slope Borough, in her office in the Borough Building. Partway through our conversation, when she showed me photos on her computer of the airport flooding, she also showed me her screen saver picture. It was a photo of herself in the village in the 1960s: a little girl, apple-cheeked, her face circled with a wolverine-fur parka ruff, and piles of snow all around.
Among Burns's duties was to coordinate the community bear patrol. For the sixteen darkest hours each day/night (when the truck was running, which it wasn't right then), a member of the patrol drove up and down and around Kaktovik's few streets, watching for bears and listening for the sounds of barking dogs (the usual bear alarm). Any bears that were where they shouldn't be were run off by the vehicle or by firing "crackers" into the air to frighten them. The idea was primarily to keep the community safe, but also to protect bears by discouraging them from coming into town, where they might learn bad eating habits, become too comfortable around people, and be shot. Bears that were still around this late in the season were considered to be dangerous; they were usually in poor condition and especially hungry, looking for an easy meal. Soon they would either go away or be dead, and the polar bear patrol would cease for the season.
The bears were running out of ice, Burns said, but a big factor that brought them to Barter Island, in her opinion, was the food supply. "The new generation of bears is attracted to whaling. They know how to live off the land." The real problem, and the need for the polar bear patrol, was that "people aren't putting their shares up." They were leaving whale meat and muktuk in their yards or unsecured storage places, and bears were attracted to that food source, just as they were to the bone pile until that was picked clean. More grizzly bears were showing up, too, from inland; someone had shot one recently. Grizzly bears are considered to be more aggressive— indeed, they'll run the larger polar bears off the bone pile—and villagers have no tolerance for them at all.
(This habitat overlap between species was something new, with grizzlies moving northward to the coast and polar bears moving to the coast from the ice. In 2006 on Banks Island in the Canadian Northwest Territories, a hunter shot an odd-looking bear that, with DNA analysis, turned out to be a hybrid between the species—with a father griz and a mother polar bear. The hybrid has been called a pizzly or grolar bear.)14
Aside from the patrol, there was also a polar bear committee just getting started. Its purpose was education and preventing bear problems. One project under discussion was the purchase of sturdy, bear-proof containers for residents to store their shares of whale meat in. Another was establishing a safety zone around the bone pile, to keep people from getting too close to the bears. They'd discussed blocking that road altogether so that people couldn't drive right up to the whale bones, and they had raised the idea of bulldozing the whale remains into the ocean instead of leaving them on land.
That, Burns said, was controversial. First, because nobody knew what the loss of that food source might mean to the bears—whether they would disperse, go hungry, or come into the village even more. And second, because bear watching had become very popular.
There had to be limits, though, or someone was going to get hurt. Burns, in her stylish blue-rimmed glasses, looked very stern. "Right now people go right up to the bears. If you're going to be a guide, you have to follow some rules." One man, a local who had started a guiding business, had walked up to and touched a sleeping bear, and a video on YouTube ("Polar Bear Tag") showed a photographer being chased around his vehicle by a bear.
Burns worked with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife people, like Susi Miller, who visited frequently from Anchorage. Relations with the federal agency "used to be real bad, but they're getting better. Now they ask questions and get advice, instead of telling us how it is." Miller and her colleagues had assisted residents with text for posters and pamphlets; a poster on the wall in Burns's office read You are in polar bear country and listed proper behaviors.
Now, at least, the community whale meat was being stored in old steel-sided shipping containers and people were more careful with their trash and about "airing" their meat in their yards to age it.
Alaska isn't the only place to have polar bear patrols. In fact, such patrols began in Chukotka, Russia, on the northern coast that faces the Chukchi Sea, assisted by the World Wildlife Fund. Later, I would meet Chukotkan hunters from those patrols, when they visited Alaska to share their experiences in managing human-polar bear interactions. At a presentation given by brothers Sergey and Vladilen Kavriy, Vladilen told how they began to see major climatic changes in the 1990s. Both walruses and polar bears, which should have been living on the sea ice, began to come ashore. "In the 1980s," Vladilen said through an interpreter, "ice was along the coast all summer. Now it's very far offshore." At Cape Vankarem, close to three villages, huge numbers of walrus—more than thirty thousand—began to haul out on the rocky beach. "This is not a natural habitat for them," Vladilen said. "They stampede in this environment" when disturbed, and they can be disturbed by anything, "even the sound of an unusual bird." Trampled animals were scavenged by bears, which then also came into the villages.
The Umky (from the Chukchi name for the polar bear) Patrol was initiated in 2006 by villagers to protect the walrus, the bears, and the villagers.15 The general goal, Vladilen explained, "is to protect nature and to teach people to live harmoniously with nature." The haul-out area was guarded by a "keeper," someone to keep people and dogs away, and hunters learned to hunt the walrus they needed for food with spears, quietly and carefully from the edge of a group, to prevent stampeding. The local people proposed that the haul-out be formally protected, and the regional government did just that in 2007.
Today, the Umky Patrol moves walrus carcasses from the haul-out to a place farther from the village of Vankarem, where the bears (as many as two hundred) feed as they migrate down the coast. "Fat and happy," they then pass by the villages. The patrol keeps an eye out around the villages and scares away bears that come too close; its members teach safety lessons, escort children to school, and generally educate people about bears and how to live among
134 part three them. Hunters also work with biologists to locate and protect bear denning sites and to collect traditional knowledge and other data to help with bear conservation.
During school hours in Kaktovik, I spent much of my time at Harold Kaveolook School, named for the first Kaktovik teacher, who came from Barrow in 1951 and personally built the first school building out of DEW-line scraps. With sixty-odd students from kindergarten through high school, the current school felt spacious on the one hand and intimate on the other. The class sizes were small, the classrooms cheery, the entire building well equipped—with a wood shop where Pete taught, a library that also served the community, a gym, and even a small swimming pool that doubled as a water supply for fire safety. The teachers, who complained to me about the not-designed-for-rural-Alaska No Child Left Behind requirements, did their best to make education relevant to their students.
There were certain motifs to the artwork hung on the walls, bulletin boards, and lockers. Whales. Polar bears. Inupiaq names. Northern lights. Turkeys.
On my first day, Elaine's first- and second-graders were dizzy with excitement over the Pilgrims, the first Thanksgiving, and the paper turkeys they were constructing for table centerpieces.
Another day, the third-, fourth-, and fifth-graders, avid writers, shared with me stories they'd written about their lives and the things they most enjoyed. One had written about fossils and wanting to be a dinosaur scientist, several others about helping with whaling and then helping the researchers take samples from the dead whales and how they'd gotten to hold a whale's eyeball, which felt "gushy." There were stories about wolverines and how "tourists go crazy for polar bears," and about making the northern lights move around by whistling and humming. One very excited boy read to me about his first seal hunt and how he'd presented the seal to elders. I was struck with how many of the stories exhibited pride of place, and how many were grounded in both Inupiaq culture and Western science, exhibiting no contradiction between eating an animal and wanting to study it. Scientists who worked in the region very often volunteered talks at the school, and it seemed that some of that had rubbed off.
The junior high students were fidgety, but we talked about writing and about doing research for books, and they told me, very matter-of-factly, that the ice was disappearing and salmon, formerly sparse in the Arctic, were showing up more frequently in their families' nets. Later, in the library, I paged through the photo book The Last Polar Bear with some of those same kids.16 They called out the familiar images: the bone pile, bears feeding, the village on a clear day with mountains in the distance, eroding coastline. They told me the land was washing away.
"What do you think will happen?" I asked.
"People will move away."
"Where will they go?"
They didn't seem to have thought about the whole village—Kak-tovik—moving, only that individual families would leave for other communities, perhaps where they already had family.
I talked to the high school science class about science writing and heard from them a litany of changes they'd observed—the waves washing across the runway, permafrost melt out on the tundra, an ice cellar filling with water. They told me about poor polar bear cub survival. They told me these things as though they were facts of life: what they knew to be true, a reality they lived with. They told me, without judgment, who had killed the recently killed bears, and they told me that one of their uncles had made a Disney film about polar bears.
The high school English class had recently written letters to U.S. representative Michele Bachmann (R-Minnesota), and copies
136 part three were posted on the classroom door. Bachmann, after an American Energy Tour by members of Congress, had described the coastal plain of the Arctic as being buried in snow and ice most of the time and "covered in complete darkness" for three months of the year, without wildlife or other values worthy of protection.17 The indignant student letters said things like "Readers of your comments would assume that no one lives in this supposed wasteland" and listed some of the animals—whales, seals, caribou, polar and grizzly bears, foxes, lemmings, and birds—that live around the village and are "vital to our culture." They'd been asked by the teacher to limit their letters to misstatements of fact made by Bachmann, and so they didn't express opinions about oil drilling on and near their lands, but what was clear from their letters was the hurt of having their place and lives misrepresented, their pride in who they were and the bountiful place that was their home.
At school one day, I talked to Flora Rexford, the twenty-two-year-old Inupiaq culture teacher (and daughter of Marie) as she was tidying up her room after her last class. With a big poster of a polar bear face looking down on us, Flora rolled up butcher paper sheets she'd been using to teach Christmas carols in Inupiaq and wiped away the dust from reindeer antler carving. She'd recently interviewed Kaktovik's elders for a university professor documenting climate change. "The biggest concern from all the interviews is how much smaller the island's getting," she told me. The elders were alarmed that the erosion was taking graves and historic sites. That is, it wasn't just land that was disappearing; it was cultural history, knowledge of the past.
Flora herself was clearly concerned. In the summer she'd worked on a cleanup project, collecting trash that had blown onto the tundra. She could hear water running and at one point broke through the surface and fell into a hole up to her armpits. "The TV says that in ten years we'll be underwater. I don't know if that's true, but if it is, it means the whole community will have to move." If the worst happened, if civilization collapsed, she wanted to be prepared and to know the old ways. "I want to learn to survive here on my own, just in case."
If Flora represented the young generation that was staying home, dealing with climate change on the local level, her cousin Allison Warden, who visited from Anchorage over Thanksgiving and was, with Flora, one of the servers at the feast, represented those who had taken their cultural knowledge and personal experience out into the world. Allison, a performance artist who had lived in New York and Seattle before returning to Alaska, created an acclaimed one-woman show she called Ode to the Polar Bear. I hadn't seen it, but I'd heard a lot about it as she performed it around Alaska (standing ovation at the Last Frontier Theatre Conference) and in Seattle. Later, when I did see it in Anchorage, I appreciated the way she impressed upon her audience the reality of melting sea ice and its consequences for bears and Inupiat, while also conveying Inupiaq values. By playing four separate characters—a bear, a dreaming girl, an old woman, and a hunter—she wove together a number of stories, "all true," all heard from her family and other elders, about polar bears and what people have learned from them. In her view, the bears were moving, following the ice east toward Greenland, and the Inupiat, too, will adapt, as they always have. After all, she said, elders had long told stories about Alaska once being a tropical land; they taught that the palm trees would return.
In my last days in Kaktovik, I thought often of the young people I'd met. We're all stakeholders in this changing world, of course, but for some the stakes are higher. I thought about the boy whose seal hunting had given him both pride and a respected place in his family. I thought of the young girl who had said with great nonchalance, "They'll move to Fairbanks." I thought of the tiny children eating muktuk at the Thanksgiving feast, and one little girl, out in the middle of the community center floor later that night, dancing with the women while the men struck their traditional circular drums and sang in Inupiaq. I thought of the high school science students who understood how melting permafrost released carbon dioxide and methane, and who might stay in the village and try to live a subsistence life or might go out to college and might or might not come back. I thought of Flora, serious with the importance of her culture, and Allison, who adhered to traditional values even as she embraced experimental art. All of them will live in a world vastly different, in so many ways, from that of their elders. They may see within their lifetimes physical changes that, in earlier eras, took place over thousands of years. All of them will have to decide how, and where, and for what, they'll live.
Just before Christmas, when I was home again, Elaine sent me some photos she'd made from her video of bears feeding at the bone pile. The enclosed note, after news of weather, ravens, foxes, and the other teachers, read, "Someone shot another bear. They brought it in Pete's shop to skin it. I held its paw for a while and apologized to it . . ."
Part Four
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Linda Keith Biography
Born: 1946
Nationality: British
Famous: Models British Women
Age: 74 Years, 74 Year Old Females
Born in: West Hampstead, London
Famous as: Model
Spouse/Ex-: John Porter, Jimi Hendrix (ex), Keith Richards (ex)
father: Alan Keith
mother: Pearl Rubeck
siblings: Sir Brian Keith
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Linda Keith is a former British model who is best known for her romantic involvements with Rolling Stones' guitarist, Keith Richards, and American rock guitarist and singer-songwriter, Jimi Hendrix. She primarily modeled for hats and worked extensively with photographer David Bailey. A 'wild' and beautiful model, she became a part of the youth-driven cultural revolution of the 'Swinging Sixties' that had swept London in the mid-1960s. She was well-connected with the bohemian community in London's West Hampstead, which included influential artists, singer-songwriters and fashion personalities. She later played a pivotal role in kick-starting the career of Hendrix by introducing him to the hotshots of the music industry. The Rolling Stones song 'Ruby Tuesday' and the Jimi Hendrix song 'Send My Love to Linda' were inspired by her. In the 2014 biographical movie 'Jimi: All Is by My Side', which showed the formative years of the guitarist, English actress Imogen Poots portrayed the role of Linda. She has also appeared as herself in a number of documentaries based on the musician's life.
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- Linda Keith's modeling career began after she was discovered delivering mail at Vogue House in her late teen years. Her first modeling assignment came when she was commissioned to model for hats for a spread in the 'Observer'. She gradually moved up the ranks and began posing for renowned photographer David Bailey. At the time, her best friend, Sheila Klein, was dating Andrew Oldham, who went on to become the manager of English rock band Rolling Stones. Through him, she met the band's guitarist Keith Richards, with whom she bonded over their shared interest in music. The two soon became romantically involved and she began accompanying the band to their US tours.During one such tour in late May 1966, she visited The Cheetah Club in New York with her model friends and heard, Jimi Hendrix, playing the guitar with Curtis Knight and the Squires. She was immediately blown away by his performance and invited him over to their table after the performance. She was determined to make sure that the new talent got noticed and got a record deal as well. She not only lent him her boyfriend Richards' guitar, but also introduced him to Oldham first and then to Seymour Stein, but neither of the meetings went well. She then invited Animals' guitarist-turned-manager, Chas Chandler, to see Hendrix play and Chandler eventually helped him with his career. While she soon had to return to the UK and they lost connection, she is still credited to this day for making him a rock'n'roll star.You May LikeRecommended Lists:
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- Linda Keith was born in 1946, in West Hampstead, London to renowned British actor, disc jockey and radio presenter, Alan Keith (born Alexander Kossoff), and his wife, Pearl Rubeck. Both her parents were descendants of Russian-Jewish immigrants. Her father was honored as one of the officers of the 'Order of the British Empire'. She has an older brother named Sir Brian Keith who has been serving as a High Court judge since 2001. BAFTA winning actor, David Kossoff, was her uncle, while blues rock guitarist, Paul Kossoff, of the rock band 'Free' was her cousin. She spent much of her life in her parents' house at 81 Cholmley Gardens till her father passed away, in 2003.Relationships
- Linda Keith first began dating Keith Richards, in 1963, after they met through Rolling Stones' manager, Andrew Oldham. Interestingly, Linda was not a huge fan of the band and had banned him from playing the group's music on her record player. Instead, the two bonded over their shared passion for blues music. However, a big fan of black music, Linda would eventually start spending more time with American rock guitarist Jimi Hendrix, whom she had taken under her wing soon after the two had met in May 1966. Reportedly, it was she who, after their first meeting, had invited him to her apartment where they discussed the prospect of his solo career and where she had introduced him to LSD.Her determination to make a star out of the unknown guitarist had become the talk of the town and had strained her relationship with Richards. However, she later claimed that after Jimi became established, his management and other people around him had convinced him that she was a bad influence on his music. During this time, she was also heavily on drugs. Concerned about her well-being, Richards informed her father that she was in distress, which had caused Alan Keith to travel to America to bring back his daughter. On her return to London, she was made a ward of court and eventually married British musician and record producer, John Porter, in 1983. She currently lives with her family in New Orleans.Translate Wiki to Spanish, French, Hindi, Portuguese
How To CiteArticle Title- Linda Keith BiographyAuthor- Editors, TheFamousPeople.comWebsite- TheFamousPeople.comURL- https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/linda-keith-42202.phpLast Updated- September 20, 2018
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Tight end is such an intriguing position in this wonderful game of ours. It's the only spot on the field that isn't absolutely vital for survival. Is it possible to build a good offense without a tight end? Of course it is. Is it possible to construct a truly great offense without one? I'm not so sure.
But as we'll see below, coaching tight ends often means you don't just coach tight ends. When you coach tight ends, it typically means you wear more hats than you have players on the field.
Without further ado, the highest-paid tight ends coaches in college football. (As always, information courtesy of USA Today's coaching salary database.)
1. Larry Porter, Auburn — $525,000
2. Danny Pearman, Clemson — $480,000
3. Vince Marrow, Kentucky — $450,000
4. James Shibest, Virginia Tech — $445,000
5. Mark Staten, Michigan State — $438,000
6. Shane Beamer, Oklahoma — $435,000
7. Jeff Banks, Alabama — $434,000
8. Sean Beckton, Nebraska — $400,000
9. Bobby Bentley, South Carolina — $400,000
10. Derek Warehime, Texas — $400,000
PREVIOUS INSTALLMENTS: Offensive line | Running backs | Defensive backs | Defensive line | Special teams
Other notes:
— Technically speaking, Kevin Wilson is the highest-paid tight ends coach in the country at $800,000 a year. Wilson is the rare offensive coordinator and tight ends coach in FBS. Another OC/TEs combo? Iowa's Brian Ferentz, who made $685,000 in 2018. Oregon's Marcus Arroyo coordinates the offense while coaching quarterbacks and tight ends.
— Michigan State's case is an interesting one. Jim Bollman earned $542,000 as Michigan State's tight ends coach and co-offensive coordinator last season, but Mark Dantonio has since handed tight ends (plus special teams) duties to Staten.
— Speaking of special teams coordinators, there are a lot on this list. Porter, Pearman, Staten, Banks and Warehime also handle special teams duties. Marrow is Kentucky's recruiting coordinator and NFL liaison. Beamer is Oklahoma's assistant head coach for offense in addition to coaching tight ends and fullbacks. Beckton and Bentley are the only coaches on this list to just handle tight ends.
— Joe Jon Finley is a safe bet to join this list soon. He made $365,000 at Missouri, then left for Texas A&M, where Tim Brewster made $479,000 in 2018.


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If you're seeking a performance-friendly effects processor with a top-notch signal path, this might be just what the doctor ordered...
Could this be the ultimate analogue 'vibe box'?
They say they don't make 'em like they used to, but in the case of this Italian boutique filterbank, they do!
This plug-in sounds pleasingly 'organic' and adds some useful functionality compared with the Binson Echorecs on which it's based.
The 1973 version two Big Muff Pi — with a ram's head printed on the casework — was used on so many classic records that EHX have decided to bring it back.
Drawmer's affordable EQ brings a '70s vibe to your studio.
Can this 'New York–style compression' recapture the experience of sending audio out to a UREI 1176 in 'all buttons in' mode, smashing the crap out of it and blending it back under the dry signal?
Bass9 transforms the signal from a standard six-string electric guitar into one of nine different bass sounds...
Eventide's first venture into iOS territory brings us three effects processors. All offered as iOS AUv3 plug-ins as well as working via IAA or in stand-alone mode.
This plug-in offers parallel compression and tube-like saturation.
Ever wished you could play your Tele but hear your Les Paul? This clever box of tricks makes that possible...
Sonnox's innovative dynamics processor offers unprecedented ability to separate wanted from unwanted audio in drum recordings.
Will Bob Clearmountain's signature plug-in help aspiring mix engineers emulate their hero's success?
The most classic of '80s reverberators has been reinvented — complete with retro controls — for the 500-series.
Offering both controllable coloration and three interactive bands of EQ, the Michelangelo aims to deliver something a little different.
Is this unassuming plug-in a great leap forward in mastering compression?
Feel the lo-fi magic of the 1980s — with six unique effects in one strange plugin.
This plug-in offers detailed modelling of the sound of four classic tape machines.
Collider is essentially a dual–DSP marriage of Source Audio's Ventris reverb pedal and their Nemesis delay.
One look at the interface and you can tell right away that there's more to Hyperspace than your usual reverb plug-in...
Nano offers the same overdrive and distortion as the original Operation Overlord pedal, minus the stereo ins/outs.
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State-run oil major Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL) on Tuesday raised petrol prices by Rs. 2.95 a litre.
The hike would come into effect from Tuesday night. This would be the sixth hike after petrol price deregulation in June this year.
The other two oil marketing companies (OMCs), Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) and Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) are likely to follow suit only from Thursday night.
The move to hike prices, immediately after the conclusion of the winter session of Parliament, was due to the sharp hike in the crude oil prices in the international market, said Petroleum Minister Murli Deora.
"We had no alternative but to hike prices as the international crude oil prices have risen sharply. Still, we have tried to minimise the impact on the people. There is no hike in the prices of kerosene oil and LGP cylinders, mostly consumed by the poor and the common man," Mr. Deora said. The state-run OMCs on November 9 raised the price of petrol marginally by Re. 0.32 a litre. They were told to hold back further hike till the end of the Parliament session.
Since June 26, when petrol price was deregulated, the IOC, the BPCL and the HPCL revised rates six times as crude oil jumped from $73-74 a barrel at the time of deregulation to the current levels of $90 a barrel.
The IOC, the HPCL, and the BPCL are currently losing Rs. 4.17 a litre on the sale of petrol. A similar hike in diesel rates is likely to be considered by an Empowered Group of Ministers, headed by Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee, that is likely to meet on December 22.
The Indian crude oil basket stood at $89.34 a barrel on Monday. It averaged $88.47 a barrel in December as against $79 at the time of the last hike on November 9.
On diesel, the three firms are losing about Rs. 5 a litre.
Despite the hike, the OMCs are likely to end the fiscal with close to Rs. 65,000 crore revenue loss on the sale of diesel, domestic LPG and kerosene below cost.


text: toggle menuMENU Ocean North Who is my Neighbourhood Housing Officer? Shelley Chowdhury looks after Ocean North neighbourhood. If you need to speak to your housing officer, please contact us and we will put you in touch or book an appointment. When do you inspect my neighbourhood? We inspect your neighbourhood on the first Friday of every month to make sure it is up to scratch. Why not join us and tell us your views and issues about the area you live in? Here's where and when we meet: Front of the OTLA Hall, Anson House the first Monday in January, April, July and October. The inspection starts at 10am. Are there any TRAs in my neighbourhood? Check the TRAs in your area Where are my local housing centres? Check the opening times of your local housing centres Rushmead Idea Store, Watney Market


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– [Announcer] Looking for a cool t-shirt for your next camping trip? Check out our top 10 cool
and funny camping tees. Number 10, Camping? Alpaca my bags! Because nothing beats a good animal pun. Number nine. Well, maybe this marshmallow roasting pun gives the Alpaca a run for it's money, if Alpacas have money. The "There's nothing I
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text: Carousel Acres Search ProfileCarousel Acres has been growing fruits, vegetables & plants in Belvidere, Il since 1994. We have u-pick vegetables at our farm. We keep expanding our variety of perennials. Offering: basil, flowers, gourds, herb seedlings, herbs, oregano, parsley, plants, pumpkins, rosemary, sage, vegetable seedlings Phone815-547-6593Map No Records FoundSorry, no records were found. Please adjust your search criteria and try again. Google Map Not LoadedSorry, unable to load Google Maps API. Driving Walking Bicycling Public Transport Miles Kilometers Previous Next