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Climate Change
First, Consider This: Preface to the Psychic Predictions for 2020
Where to Start ?
In just a few "seconds", it will be 2020 !
First, consider this with regard to what many of us are seeing psychically. The entrance into the difficult years of 2021-2026 with what I mention here – will be both somewhat gradual, and somewhat quick. This time period will challenge the whole world, and in many different ways. Some will need saved, some will need help, some will be in positions of being able to save and some will be in positions of being able to help.
Because some of what I discuss will be gradual, some of it won't be noticed too easily or quickly. This does not mean it isn't happening. Because some of it will be quick, some will have a more dramatic impact. This doesn't mean that we can't do anything about these related problems.
In 2020, how much effort we put into bringing forth very real energy of real love – the love that comes with real effort to try to bring forth kindness and mercy, forgiveness and understanding from within our self – will determine how open we can open the door which will lead to the new age of Man – which is closer than close, but yet will not come by itself if no effort to bring it is put forth.
2020 will be the transition year. It will be a "hinge" year. Not only will certain things of decade of the 2020's be influenced by the year 2020, but the hinge will "open the door" to 2021-2026 and the events of the next 6 years-some of the most significant (and challenging) of this age of Man. How "open" the "door" is opened is changing. The door is the door to potential progression and/or potential digression depending on the freewill choices every individual makes.
The door hinge is rusty. And it will take sincere effort to open, because this door is the door to our individual, as well as collective Heart – Our Collective Centered Heart, wherein the Infinite Consciousness of God is able to come forth into this world through the love, understanding and compassion we extend to all life – including all human beings – and YES, even all elected officials.
Through the ways we walk on our path in 2020, so will we then be able to extend into 2021-2026 the energy and consciousness which has been built on all years' efforts leading up to and including the year 2020. Like a stairway, whichever level we are able to achieve in 2020, the next steps/years will be determined and measured by the previous steps/years' efforts.
No special grace will save us if we ignore the call for Love in our lives both individually and collectively, and to manifest this Love, in the varied available potential forms in this world; the call which we have named 'spiritual work' for which humanity is desperate. While we are not called to be individually perfect or species perfect, we are called to be determined and willing to work at bringing forth the better and the best parts of ourselves – even when what we see in others makes us think others are doing the opposite, even when what we see in others, reflects what we consider the worst of humanity.
Christ's Demonstration
At this point in human time, it is important to hold in our minds that Christ walked His path of Peace and Willingness to Help as our Brother, even when violence from all groups was erupting around Him. He walked His path of Love, of compassion, of healing, even when hatred surrounded Him. He neither condemned individuals nor governments for their "sins" (mistakes, bad decisions, harmful acts, hateful feelings, etc), but rather offered patience, mercy, forgiveness, long-suffering, and no judgement whatsoever – taking the High road in all ways, which, in turn, began the path of bringing Joy, through transformation, to a weary world. This example is for us to work at, as well, when we face that which is happening in the world today and in the days to come.
In 2020, there will be many conflicts, both loud and visible, and quiet and in secret. (I will get into some of them.) These will be mostly more as social conflict than military conflict, but some will be conflict between the military and civilians, as is happening already.
In 2020, sadly, there will be even more chances even for the elect to stop walking the spiritual path and return to where we were as a people. Therefore, 2020 is a time for us to remember, "Yes, render unto Caesar, that which is Caesar's" but don't let it pull us away from or ignore/forget the next part – "to render unto God, that which is God's."
Give to God that which is God's – including mercy, patience, compassion, kindness, long-suffering, and the love which we forget already exists forever in infinite time within our hearts – to the people we, personally, come in contact daily. Give to God that which is Gods – including Willingness – to build brotherhood, sisterhood, understanding, cooperation, charity, any so-far-learned wisdom, Oneness, and an open heart and an open mind in how we respond to the events of this day.
Freewill Choices
In the coming times, it becomes more significant to know that we have a choice between 2 options – Love or Fear – the 4th chakra or the 3rd chakra – "Loving kindness" or "Fight or Flight". We cannot tell another person to choose what we, ourselves, haven't chosen. In addition, our walking our own path of Love – how we relate to other people – can not be determined by or based on other people's freewill choices about how they conduct their life.
2020 is a year of preparation and transition. Around the world, 2020 is also going to be a year dominating in both verbal dreams and verbal wars. 2020 will be a time of continued seeing the hopeful possibilities, as well as the real dangers in the years and decades ahead. In 2020, we can begin recognizing that the ways of living of the past did, indeed, create the problems of the present, and we need individual effort (building to collective effort) in the present time in order to find new ways of living for the future.
All of Us
The coming 6 years which 2020 will lead us into – 2021-2026 – are of lower vibrations (also considered darker because this vibration of the actions which will be carried out is further away from the Love/Light vibration level.) This energy is the remaining unhealed, yet transformed energy which would have manifested as a physical changing of the Earth's poles – the Pole Shift (a tilting on its physical axis) which Edgar Cayce predicted if humanity had not done anything to change in the decades which followed his psychic reading. The Pole Shift's source is a combination of natural evolution in the planet, as well as massive karmic energy which had been waiting to manifest all at once as the physical Pole Shift – but which has since been worked with so it won't manifest all at once, now.
That remaining supreme turmoil energy being manifested through the Earth and through people, which will be experienced by many people of the Earth in the coming years is NOT the result of any one person. Neither Donald Trump becoming president nor Hillary Clinton, had she become president, is the cause of the problems in the world. Neither Republicans nor Democrats are responsible for the problems of the world – but rather individuals in all walks of life – also known as "All of Us" It is the consciousness of the people of the world, throughout this Age of Man, heretofore unresolved in our subconscious, that gave birth to the leaders in this world, and the movements these leaders represent – not vice versa. The diversity of leaders also is representative of the consciousness of the people.
In the U.S., Donald Trump becoming president is the result of both the fears of things in the world, and the hope of alleviating these fears through victory and control over those things or people perceived as enemies- all third chakra. It is the Collective Social Consciousness of the People of the World afraid of what "others" would do to bring harm that brought forth the "problems" which came from unmanifested consciousness energy waiting to be expressed in people's lives. This is not just in our time, but also throughout human history. AND the challenges that I speak of are from energy, which has also come from all different times of human history. Blaming others for our own contributions to this rather than acknowledging our own past life involvement, and subsequent challenge to forgive, does not help.
The Work
There already has been much work by millions of people to bring forth the higher minds and the energy of the higher minds with the energy of the Centered Heart. This work has been slowly elevating much of the energy in the Earth in preparation of entering into the coming 6 years as a crucible precursor to the next age of Man beginning in 2038. This is the work which has transformed us away from the physical Pole Shift spoken of before.
There has been limited success. We are somewhat successful, but success in this case is not 100%. The potential results are not either black or white – yes or no, 0% or 100%. The amount of energy is based on the level of effort put into holding to the Centered Heart of Infinite Love, and ever returning to a connection to the Consciousness of the Higher Forces.
These referred to "forces" are the forces of practicing patience, and the forces that teach taking the higher road. It is the consciousness which sees the whole human race struggling and in pain, with no side being the right side or the wrong side. All people have within us, all traits, including those we go to war against, regardless of whether we acknowledge it to our self or deny it to our self. This means that every person is equal in potential character to every other person and equally both right and wrong. As the Edgar Cayce Readings said, "There is good in the worst of us, and bad in the best of us." This also means there is good in the worst elected official, and there is bad in the best elected official. This reality is true for all human beings.
As we make effort to forgive instead of blame, to be understanding instead of criticize and condemn, feel compassion instead of rejection of others, walk the path of long-suffering instead of attack and condemnation, then we are working on bringing higher vibrations into this world which will in turn help heal and resolve the energies of disasters which are physical, social, spiritual, mental, financial, or emotional each ready to manifest.
In this time, all of us are not called to be perfect, but to pour forth our effort to forgive. We are not called to be saints but to try again, and again, and again, when we stumble on our path. We are not called to heal all that needs healed, but rather address today what lands in our laps, today.
Psychic Predictions for 2019
[The password is removed from this article originally posted in Jan, 2019, making it now available to the public.]
2019 is going to be a somewhat more difficult year for so many people on his planet, and I'm not going to hold back in what I write in this article. There are disasters and there are positives. Life, as we know it, will change, but life will also persevere in all locations. 2019 by itself will not be a painfully more difficult year for every one of the 7+ billion people, but everyone will be affected by several things throughout the year. It is one of the 2 remaining years which are moving us deeper into the darker, low vibration energy/manifestations. These low-vibration energy manifestations will be recognized by disasters both human-derived and natural. By "moving us deeper", I mean the beginning of the years will appear and be experienced as being better than the end of the years, in many ways.
I will mention FIRST, that prayers and meditation for the goodwill for all people and the well-being for all life, are that which will strengthen the Spirit and Energy of the Family of Man and all life, if and when we're willing to bring forth Light – through expressing Love, Kindness, Compassion, Cooperation, Encouragement, Mercy, Forgiveness, and Support, and more (flowing through ourselves) – and for all life on this planet – especially during this time. Prayers for all life will absolutely help all life. Absolutely – as in 'absolute help' – real help – to persevere through these coming times and experiences.
Humanity won't easily see the difference between the two possible futures – with prayers vs. without prayers, (a few will), but changes happen when one's heart is the source of prayers – for the goodwill and well-being of all people. Why for "the goodwill and well-being of all life"? Because this prayer will have the strongest impact on humanity, all of nature, and the future. The predictions I speak of here are drastic to some parts of the planet. They will affect, to greater or lesser degrees, all of the planet. While many people's lives will be minimally impacted, many people's lives will be greatly impacted. The news is already reporting regular disasters, both natural and man-made, which are affecting people in a wide variety of places – sometimes places which are surprising.
For Britain: The Brexit is considered a mess, and it will become an even bigger mess in the 1st 5 months of 2019. After that, many of the loudest voices will consider the act of screaming the loudest isn't working for their side anymore and will then begin working on solutions. See efforts beginning April and May. I see another 13-16 months of work for things to reach a point of acceptance. The reason why efforts are not working out is because of the energy of so many of the British people not wanting Brexit. The consciousness of the people is a formidable energy force, and it can prevent events from happening – whether the events are positive or negative.
"The more prayer that we put forth, then the more change, the more help, the more the presence of the Spirit of God will be felt and heard." The Rainbow Cards
Weather 2019:
Worldwide – As one person put it, "The predictions that were made – are happening." (This includes my own. Scroll down to see the right hand column Category list: Weather) During 2019, we will see more natural disasters which will affect millions of people. Weather related disasters are both caused by natural patterns and the effects of Climate Change/Global Warming. "Let those who have eyes to see, let them see. Let those who have ears to hear, let them hear. Let those who are blind, stay blind. Let those who are deaf, stay deaf." These are famous words and referring to this time in history. Let there be no doubt here, weather is caused by human consciousness. Climate Change is being caused by humans. We will continue to have fights in the US about Climate Change, brought on by different people with different political agendas, rather than the science being questionable, which it is not.
The overall weather throughout the world will help bring greater flooding in the southern Asian nations, colder weather in Russia, erratic temperatures and erratic rainfall in Europe, and destructive drought and extreme heat without rain in the Midwest of the US.
In the US, more extreme temperatures will be experienced and the stamina of the people struggling with these effects will weaken due to growing tiredness and discouragement from the onslaught of damaging weather. The fires in California in 2018 are only a forerunner for the heat that will enter into the Rocky Mountains, and eventually potentially turning the Midwest into scorched land. The day is coming that the Midwest will see hotter temperatures than it has ever seen – drying up the land and making it unable or extremely difficult to grow crops. While not all of this will manifest in 2019, it will begin in 2019, and will eventually move towards that, on through the next 7 years with the very worst of it being 2025 before relief comes in the form of temporary better weather. [PRAYERS CAN CHANGE THIS!]
Europe's problems with Climate Change will grow, as well. The weather will bring greater amounts of rain throughout most regions – causing more flooding in various areas. The winters will be colder, in general, through central Europe. In 2019, Europe will face these changes, but this pattern will become regular from now on. There will be no year that Europe will not continue with this scenario when comparing it to the past decades. Europe's growing seasons will be affected, and it will take several years to adapt the agriculture industry to the changes in weather. The weather changes are here and will remain with the next few generations of people through this century. This will create greater yearly demands for energy during the winter months.
Asia, in 2019, will begin to see regular yearly massive weather systems which will do massive damage to distinct yet massive areas of the continent. We, in the US, will hear about some of this via reporting the news, but many of the people of Asia will be going through devastating weather. By many, I see mostly rural areas being affected long-term in Asia as opposed to urban areas, because cities tend to have collective systems and structures in place to recover from the weather related disasters quicker, while rural residents have less collective support and structure helping to recover. Mountainous regions, in general, will be very much affected – with many large mudslides related to more rain than normal, and news of these will be heard around the world – because some will be great in size.
[For specific areas of the US, or other countries, please ask in the comments section. And don't forget, you can let others know about this blog article, too.]
"The Infinite Consciousness of the Heart of God is completely and fully aware of all things in our life. There are no surprises to Infinite Consciousness, and there are no factors which could ever separate us from God's Infinite readiness to help." The Rainbow Cards
Natural Disasters:
With regards to natural disasters, the years 2019 and 2020 will have a greater than average share of natural disasters – volcanoes, earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons. I consider these effects on humanity to be different than man-made or economic disasters, like recession (which is slowly beginning,) war, and erratic, non-stable economies.
We will enter into 2019 with open eyes, watching for disasters, and on the whole, they will continue happening in South America – where they already are happening, the Pacific Rim will have a mixture of earthquakes and volcanic activity, Southeast Asia will continue to experience earthquakes and Tsunamis, and finally, in 2019 several very large Typhoons will travel through the Pacific Ocean. I see fewer hurricanes in the Atlantic in 2019 only, and the larger ones (right now I'm seeing this) will not threaten the US much. I see two (1 larger and 1 smaller) storms which will come into the Southeastern states of the US – Florida, Georgian, Alabama, Kentucky, South Carolina: mostly rain affecting these states. Right now, what I'm seeing is that they are not as destructive as the last 2 years have been. While there will be concern, I don't see the same amount of danger happening in these states.
There will be some natural disasters outside of these examples, but I'm not yet identifying their locations. I see small storms (compared to large hurricanes) come into or rather build within the Gulf of Mexico. One may develop into a tropical storm.
Every area of the planet and all people of the planet will be affected by Climate change and natural disasters. The smoke from fires, the ash from volcanoes, the mosquitoes from flooding, as well as drought causing some agriculture failures. These affect everyone – even those people and life not in the area of the destruction. People will adapt somewhat. Wildlife and 'nature' will not adapt in the same way and much damage will come. Extinctions will happen.
In 2019, Puerto Rico is not a target for another hurricane, but I do see storms which will bring much rain. The Caribbean areas will also have a year similar to the last 3 years. I see 3-4 storms. There is a chance they won't develop into large hurricanes. HOWEVER, if any develop into hurricanes, I can see 1 grow to a category 2-3 while in that area. I've mentioned this possibility before, and I still see it going north of Puerto Rico. At this time, I still see 1 storm hitting Puerto Rico in 3 years, possibly in 2 years, but it won't be equal to Maria in 2017. Even though it can be easy to dismiss the statement about praying, prayers can, will, and do truly help to change destructive weather. The more prayers and meditations for this purpose, the more change. The more Light we bring in, the more change happens. Whether believed or not, weather is a manifestation of human consciousness and it can be changed by human consciousness.
"Faith unused does nothing." The Rainbow Cards
Around the world, even more advances will happen in medicine. In some parts of the world, these advances will reach people – Europe especially. In 2019, the health care industry in the US, will offer no solutions to the erratic state of health care in the US. Financial devastation will still happen to some people. Many will be looking towards Alternative Healing Methods in order to find hope and help. While Alternative Healing Methods are derided and criticized – and sought to be shut out of being used, because they are anecdotally helpful, they will continue to be suggested and noted via the Internet. The pharmaceutical corporations will continue to lobby against Alternative Healing Methods, and in 2019, we will see their efforts increase with much media and online statements intending to turn people away from Alternative Healing Methods and make them illegal. In the US, the pharmaceutical corporations will seek to spread this "war". (It is an effort to eradicate use of Alternative Methods, so I use the term "war".) They will try to further this agenda in Europe, Canada and some East Asian nations. Their efforts in Mexico and East Asian nations will not be successful because their influence cannot reach the different consciousnesses of the peoples. But, in the US, fear will be generated by the Pharma. Corps. and this will effect the consciousness in general.
Still, the Alternative Healing cottage industry and the presence of Alternative Methods information on the Internet will continue to be present. Anecdotal information – information people share of their own experiences with certain healing methods or ingredients – will continue to influence the trying of Alt. Healing Methods. The Pharmaceutical information against non-pharmaceutical treatments will be meant to cause fear, and dissuade people away from them. It will succeed in some measure. An individual's own effort at studying and researching healing methods will be the strongest force against the fear-based information onslaught. The interesting result will be several things – more and more Americans will look to Canada as a source of Medical Treatments, those informed more thoroughly with Alternative Medicine will grow a stronger and more entrenched base of people seeking to further it, and over time the reputations of the Pharmaceutical Corporations will suffer from being recognized as fostering misinformation and fear. Many doctors will work to help bring truthful information to the public. The struggle with health care in the US will continue for many decades, yet. I don't see medicare for all happening in this decade even though support for it will grow. I see some changes to who qualifies being changed in the next decade, though, but not until after 2026.
Tremendous medical research discoveries will happen in the next 8 years. The treatment of childhood diabetes will make great strides over the next 5 years and will see magnificent treatments come forth. For 2019, I'm seeing a little bit of advances in the treatment of Alzheimers. Some medications will slow it down. The effort to continue to raise prices of medicine treatments will continue, while the public push back will also continue. Pressure from the people can bring about better options.
With a change in elected officials, the ACA will continue, but there are still ways in which wrenches can still be thrown into the gears. There will be efforts in the House of R. to make some changes to make it better, but the path to passing such a bill in the Senate and the president signing it, is "uphill". For the most part, there will not be any major changes to it in 2019.
"What we, personally, believe in, with the Infinite Consciousness of God, begins our opening to Infinite Possibilities. What we, personally don't believe in, limits only our-self. It doesn't limit others, the truth or the Infinite Consciousness of God. " The Rainbow Cards
In 2019, Cholera will begin to spread in a few areas of the planet, that are affected by natural disasters, including Asian nations and Cholera will increase somewhat over the next 7 years to come. There will be small outbreaks with other diseases in South American because of the massive rural destruction from weather related disasters PLUS diseases coming from (of all things), deforestation of the Amazon Rainforest. There will be new evolved/mutated diseases coming from the Rainforest itself. No amount of destruction of the Rainforest would stop it. The natural life in those particular regions of the Amazon Rainforest have adapted to the evolved/mutated diseases and humans not native to the regions will contract the new diseases.
China will be hit with outbreaks of diseases in particular areas, but we won't hear about them here in the west. In general, they won't threaten large numbers of people outside China. They have the ability to eventually handle these outbreaks, but many lives will be lost. In the west, the CDC will be strained from the work they will have over the next 7 years.
Ebola will not be eradicated, and will continue to be present in a few areas of Africa for years to come (with some of it moving north). Many other diseases will be faced because of the disasters which are coming. Dysentery will be one of those diseases coming from disasters.
The conflicts in the US over vaccinating children will continue for many years yet, because of the distrust of the US money driven health care system, – a system of treatments based on whether you have money to pay, rather than one based on care for the individual, distrust of the vaccine manufacturers, as well as a persistent distrust of the general medical profession's attitude that doctors always know what's right, and research which points to better protocols needing to be examined for use. (Somewhat related to this – The US has an extremely hard lesson to learn: learning that trusting money more than trusting the heart will lead to serious problems of all kinds – problems which can eventually end the existence of the US as we know it. This can contribute to the US changing its structure in the 23rd century with the US split into 3 or 4 different countries with separate governments.)
Meanwhile, I'm seeing several medical progress announcements being made in 2019, but I'm not yet able to identify which diseases or medical issues they will be announcing about. One major one will be this spring, with another announcement happening in July.
"Hell is not forever and ever, amen. God is the way out of hell – amen." The Rainbow Cards
Spiritual Experiences and Spiritual Connections:
We will see more spiritual seeking in the latter part of 2019. "We will see more" refers to media attention and Internet information on individual experiences rather than great groups of people opening to spirituality. The true spiritual journey happens on the individual level, not on the group level. While this will NOT be a widespread movement, this will begin a process of slow, more often, reporting of individual stories that help to open individual people's minds and thoughts to spiritual involvement in everyday life. Over the next 7 years, during these "some of the most difficult" times for humanity, there will be many other stories of spiritual experiences and connections which will spread throughout the communication methods (Internet, media, etc.)
"The heaven or hell we have destined for our-self, is the heaven or hell which we create for others." The Rainbow Cards
2019 will start January with political hope for Democrats and those who elected them. The Republicans will be working to solidify their bases. Except for introductory announcements in January, around mid-Feb (13th?) the public will hear about Congressional plans – The Democrat's plans for putting forth legislation and Congressional investigations, and Republican's plans for fighting them all the way. Mid-Feb through March will begin the process of conflict. The conflict will be loud, and this wave of conflict will continue through into the summer. Meanwhile, other investigations will begin in the spring, building up through into the fall. President Trump will face political challenges, but not yet serious enough to threaten his presidency, until the Fall when serious threats and challenges are then appearing. Whether we are pro-Trump or anti-Trump, and while the questions will come up as to the future, I do see Donald Trump as the President still, at the end of 2019. Some will be happy about this, some will not.
The public will see a few more governmental positions change around mid-Jan & Feb (2019), early spring, then again at the end of summer. These will not be top positions, but a few (what I consider) "2nd tier" positions.
This is another year which will shift both political parties' directions away from Trump in 2020. The Democrats will feel emboldened. The Republicans will begin to resign themselves to the inevitable – run someone else or lose to the Democrats. 2019 will have many candidates announce themselves as running for the US President in 2020. Republican candidates will begin to announce themselves throughout the Spring. Lindsay Graham will be one of them and Mitt Romney possibly. Three other Republican Senators will also announce they will run. I see eventually about 4-5 Republicans seriously running to replace President Trump. I see a slew of Democrats – 14-15 that will announce their candidacy. Senators and House Representatives, and three women candidates announcing. I do NOT see Hillary Clinton running again although the question will be coming up for her and her supporters. I will not state in this article what I see as potential outcomes at this time. I have stated in other public readings what I see for 2020's elections.
I see many people considering there to be very serious information and testimony which has yet to be made public in the reports from those investigations happening. They consider the allegations to be valid and serious. The investigations will not be considered frivolous. The information revealed will shift Republican support to having a new 2020 candidate. However, the Republican Party will have two factions – 1 faction for Trump continuing to be the 2020 candidate, mostly from his base, and 1 faction for a new candidate, mostly from the Republicans in Congress.
I've already mentioned much about what I see regarding the person who will be our next President. I have mentioned in several places that Donald Trump will be a 1-term president. I also had mentioned that if Hillary Clinton had won, she also would have been a 1-term president.
In 2019, little progress beyond saying nice words, will happen between China and the US. Tariffs will continue. The hidden reason and use for them by both sides is as a method of punishment. In 2019, the current relationship the US has with North Korea won't get better, but it won't get much worse, either. There will be posturing and "surface" challenging words, but this is more for show on both sides.
Most information coming forth regarding the Russian government will be about how the Russian government is involved with political situations and arenas in the nations surrounding Russia. The Russian government will prove to be very active in world politics, involving themselves in ways on the world front. This is an effort to control more countries, as the Soviet Union did. Meanwhile, the Russian people are facing entering into more difficult times for them, with 2019 the beginning of more difficult economic times in the years ahead. While the Russian people are used to hard times, in general, the Climate Change, in the next 6 years for them will bring disasters in Russia which no one could have imagined, and they will not easily be ready for. Fortunately, these won't be in every year. Prayers are needed for the people of Russia and of Asia.
In 2019, the US and Canada relationship will be strained again by President Trump's criticism. I see the Canadian government more acting to stay quiet and not contribute to more conflict – staying back mostly from engaging in return criticism.
In 2019, immigration policy problems will continue, and April/May will see a rise in media attention surrounding legal proceedings. However, attention to this will diminish as we move into Summer. As summer ends, then all media will be focused on what comes out of the investigations on through the end of 2019. I do see construction begin on a border wall, but then I see it abandoned – not from lack of money, but from lack of political will/support. If things continue as I see now, I do not see a border wall being completed.
I see more US businesses individually planning actions for addressing Climate Change, much in line with the Paris Agreement. I also see the US returning to the Paris Agreement after the new president is in office in 2021. (Not in 2019, though). Little change will happen in 2019 regarding the US place in the Paris Agreement. 2019 will also be another year where a huge amount of political news will take center stage.
"For others, pray not against others' freewill, against others' right to choose for their own life. Instead, pray that God's presence, love and energy, be with them, surround them and bless them, more and more every day, so they might draw from God when the time comes that they make decisions for their life." The Rainbow Cards
The US Economy:
In the Spring, 2019, and some after then, because of the greater political upheavals, the Stock Markets are going to react with erratic spikes, both up and down. This intermittent spiking will continue through at different times of the year – end of March to April, midsummer, 1st half of October. I don't see it being as bad as we've seen recently (Dec, 2018), but it will happen too often for people to feel confidence. This Wall Street instability will influence the larger corporations to pull back on risk-taking. There will be mostly a desire to "play it safe" and not expand. Small businesses, in general, won't immediately feel a drop in business, but over time in 2019, the slow down will start to be felt. Recessions are coming, but 2019 will only show some unmistakable evidence of this during the 2nd half of the year. When we move into the 2020s, we will be entering into a time of several years that a recession will develop, ultimately to 2023/2024.
"Forgiveness is letting go of our need to have others suffer." The Rainbow Cards
I see more "grass roots" efforts to move away from fossil fuel derived energy. This will be done by smaller energy companies rather than large nation-wide efforts. I see alternative energy businesses continue to do well. Consider these to invest in. Whether popular or not, electric cars are the future. Whether electric cars are selling right now or not, electric cars are the future. Innovations in the next few decades will bring this about.
Problems in the Middle East will escalate. Watch for this during May, June and July.
While not readily known, the Pope's health will keep him home. If he chooses to travel for humanitarian meetings and causes, his health will take a downturn and it won't remain hidden from the public.
In 2019, Facebook will run into more trouble with more announcements of customer information being "allowed" to go to outside interests. Watch for this at the beginning of the summer.
In 2019, as I mentioned in many prediction pages before, I still see local involvement and community involvement being the strongest and most productive place for efforts where people can help each other, as opposed to Federal efforts. It will be local connections and local communities where the real work gets done to help people's lives.
The reason that psychics are announcing what we're seeing for the future is because we are facing some of the worst of the difficulties – economic and natural disasters – that people of Earth are going to go through from 2019-2026. We will slooooooowwwwwllllyyyyyy begin to come out of the difficult times in 2026-2027 to the mid-2030s and afterwards. Here at the beginning of 2019, we have not seen the worst of it.
There will NOT be a planetary breakdown in society and nations. This will not be what happens. Societies around the world did not breakdown during the Great Depression or during WW2, but during WW2, in some unique places (not all places) in the Earth, because of unique circumstances and unique politics in certain places, living individual and community-based lives became harmful and deadly for those unique places.
We can have a positive perspective of these times if we base that positive perspective on an attitude of fortitude, determination, helpful cooperation, friendship, and brotherhood. We will see many positive local community endeavors helping people. We are a resilient species, and we've been through equally difficult times in our history, coming out the other end with greater understanding and higher levels of strength and ability to forge new ways into the future.
"We can be among the very last to follow the old ways of thinking and living of the past, or we can be among the very first to forge new ways of thinking and living for the future." The Rainbow Cards
If you have any questions related to these predictions which would serve to clarify or expand on an item, please post them in the comments, and I will add the answers to this document.
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The world gets better when any of us says, "I'm willing to try – to see what I can do to help." Not when we say, "YOU didn't do enough." The Rainbow Cards
Questions, Comments and Additions
Added January 6, 2019
- In 2020, a change to the Presidency is possible, and could grow more probable as 2020 progresses. If Donald Trump is caused to leave office early, or removed from being active, Mike Pence takes over as possibly "Vice-President as Acting-President". He would make full use of the opportunity. Some would be happy about this, some would not.
- "Can you elaborate more on the statement, "Problems in the Middle East will escalate. Watch for this during May, June and July."? … Thank you." D.M.
I'm seeing many more problems and increasing heated verbal battles regarding Saudi Arabia. This will be like a pot boiling over. Increasing conflict will continue to rise with the worst beginning around this spring. There may be less media information, but some of the backlash within and with S. A. will be hidden from the outside world. Some of the push back actions from the S. A. government will be hidden from the public.
- "I finished reading your 2019 predictions. In them you mention that you've discussed the results of the 2020 elections in other postings, but I don't recall seeing this information, except in your reading shortly after the 2016 elections. Could you elaborate on what you see for the 2020 presidential elections? Thanks!" L.
Yes, I go into some detail in the audio file of the 2016 elections reading. There is more information there, so I'm just going to refer you to that, right now. You can also check out the right hand column section of "Categories" where I list the "Presidency/Politics" category. I'll go into detail on the 2020 elections in the 2020 predictions. I will say that we'll see the campaigning start ramping up this spring and right before summer arrives. We'll then see the field of Democratic candidates.
- "What will happen to the Kurds?" E. B.
The Kurds, as well as many other groups of people around the world, will continue to suffer from the actions of others and other governments. The late spring and early summer months will be especially difficult times for the Kurds, specifically. Their lives are another example of people who need help from those who are willing to help. We have seen many human examples of mass cultural suffering and sorrow throughout the 20th century and now in the 21st. Pray for the Kurds, also, because all prayers that go out for them will help these people in some way.
- (Added Feb 4, 2019) Now, I've read your psychic predictions for 2019 with high interest. You mention "Southeast Asia will continue to experience earthquakes and Tsunamis, and finally, in 2019 several very large Typhoons will travel through the Pacific Ocean". In this context, as I'm living at the outskirts of Tokyo, what can you see in particular for Japan? Many thanks in advance! L.P.
As of today, in 2019, I do see the southern half of Japan most affected by storms, but not taking a direct hit from any Typhoon. However, this can change, as I see potential (potential only) for a small but major storm which could move across Japan. This would be between April and June. I do see that the affect on the southern half of Japan will be enough to be very alert to dangers. The main force of the storms will go into China and more southerly. In the last 5 months of 2019, I see a possible 3 typhoon/storms for the Pacific Ocean, but the path being south of Japan (with 1 possibly going north of Japan.) The southerly path puts the Philippines in danger with a real possibility of taking another direct hit.
"We live each day with the choice to pray, to love, to show mercy and compassion towards others for their own sake, knowing inside our very soul that these things are worthwhile, and are needed in a weary, weary world in order to bring that world out of the manifestation of those destructive acts which we created lifetimes ago, yet haven't yet healed.
We can heal [destructive] events like the one in Las Vegas, before it happens. We have already done so much healing. Events destined to manifest, have been dissolved and healed, [never to happen]. We need only keep on keeping on with this work." (Excerpt from "Las Vegas Horror")
Reader Questions about Earth Changes, Weather, etc.
1. My questions: The disasters in Aceh and Japan as well as Haiti and the Caribbean seem to have a depopulating factor. Will the population of the US decrease due to this economic crisis? I don't necessarily mean that people will die, but will they migrate from the US (much like Puerto Ricans are leaving the PR)? If so, where will they go? Does this have anything to do with the eclipses that could be seen across America?
[A second look at this question with more details:]
With regards to the population – No, I still don't see a decrease in the population in the next few years or going into the 2020's. I'm not seeing a drastic drop in population world wide, at all. Quite the opposite. However, I see a lessening of the rate of increase in the mid-2020's. I see this as a result of economic struggles world wide, as well as in the US. As economic times get better in the 2030's, I see the rate of increase in population going up. I see population rising to about 8.9 billion by the mid- to late- 2040's. 2050's and 2060's could potentially cross the 9-9.5 billion count. And yes, this will be a great strain on resources, if it happens.
While the disasters in the areas you mention do affect the local population and are readily in the news and can be seen on the internet, the percentage drop is only in a small time period.
The migrations of peoples in the world over the next 10 years, will mostly be seen in the middle east and Mediterranean areas – almost exactly as it is today. Some still from South America coming into North America. Migrations around the world will happen but be at a relatively unchanged rate compared to today. Mostly war and natural disasters will be the motivating factor. Searching for work is next and the overall economy is after that.
With regards to the eclipses affecting these factors, I see the effects of the eclipses, during the times before/after the eclipses, being to inhibit energy which stimulates movement and change. [An eclipse inhibits the sun's energy. The sun's energy stimulates movement and change.]
2. Is this climate time period similar to the 'dust bowl days' of the Great Depression? Will we see similar consequences with cold as we did with dust during this 11 year period? There is also a theory that the earth is expanding – what was once the Pangea has broken apart due to the expansion of the earth from the inside out. Is that what we are experiencing now? Is the volcanic activity due to an expansion process that the earth is going through? Do you think that major faults all over the world will begin to shudder – such as the giant and overdue San Andreas fault line? Do you ever see the lower part of California breaking up into islands, like I am told that Edgar Cayce foresaw?
In the arguments over climate change, some can argue that natural weather forces similar to the ones in the 1930's, and the solar impact, are what is driving the current climate changes. I psychically see the "dust bowl days" during the 1930's being a culmination of weather patterns of many decades leading up to that time, (even forces beginning to take effect going back to the mid-1700's). The weather forces then were mostly natural, with some "lesser than today" influence from karmic forces. The impact from human consciousness was not as strong as today. Human impact on the weather, today, is real.
The extremes in both heat and cold and other weather events are what we have been and will continue to experience. The younger generations will have to carry the full impact of today's decisions regarding climate change. We have NOT experienced the worst that can happen. If the conflicts around decisions and actions continue, then during the decades ahead, there will be some great/difficult/dangerous/harmful times that the younger generation will have no choice in going through. If people continue as we are now, with regards to lack of major steps taken, in the same way that we are experiencing serious and deadly weather problems now, the next few generations will experience even worse – not "can experience" – "will experience".
The Pangea effect is evolving continuously and will continue even to the point of creating new continents in future millennia and eons. However, it's affects are too slow for us to be impacted in a major and noticeable way. An example of this is the volcanic activity in Hawaii. This is a small and slow process measured in human terms. It happens, but does not create new continents in our time. The Pangea process does influence the magnetic field that surrounds the Earth, but again, we won't see this process by itself affecting quick change – more like 100 to 1000 years measurable impact with measurements via scientific instruments rather than Earth changes.
The Earthquake activity on the planet now is under what is considered as "normal" forces influencing it, – this includes the increase of activity at this time in history. Included in these manifestations are karmic energy which aligns human and social patterns with that which goes on physically in the Earth. These both will continue. We are in a time where much is happening and "natural" happenings are in line with karmic manifestations. Supporting this: remember the journey of the planets around the sun are a natural occurrence, but they still have impacts and influences on people and human patterns of behavior – not causing these human patterns but influencing them. At the same time, human consciousness impacts the natural occurrences, in return.
Finally, I see any potential of land mass changes of significance in the California area happening over several hundred years and being thought of as a natural occurrence. I see it not being in the whole state but in the southern area – Los Angeles/San Diego area down to the midpoint of the Baja Peninsula. I see more changes happening in Florida than California. More happening in the Northeastern coastlines than the Pacific coastline. Over many hundreds of years, I see the Pacific Northwest rising slowly out of the ocean due to the Earth's "creation of new land" process. Meanwhile the east coast will be losing its shorelines.
Edgar Cayce's predictions were accurate for him during that day and time, and came with statements saying, in effect, if all things stay the same, these things will occur. This meant that if mankind's spiritual neglect stayed the same, and humanity's life on Earth kept being run by the darker nature of mankind, the energy of the times would fulfill themselves and manifest as Edgar Cayce predicted.
But, mankind had and still has a spiritual awakening in many different arenas on the planet, thus healing much of what Cayce described. While many may see the spiritual awakening which has happened in all the decades since Edgar Cayce predicted these, as being a fad or "Woo-woo", this path is the source of the increased energy vibrations that has lifted us out of many of the karmic disasters previously destined to manifest. The increase in meditation, prayer, efforts to change away from humanity's patterns towards war, the continued increase in social awareness which would lead to better goodwill, as well as helping the welfare of all people – these are the practices and influences which bring a Higher level of consciousness and higher vibrations – the vibrations of the Christ Consciousness (Love), which in turn helps to bring healing at many, many different levels of existence for all of life.
Remember, Christ was met with the same resistance and "push-back" that exists today. He was mocked, ridiculed, and eventually killed. But, His involvement and His teachings lived on, and live on through those who sought to, and still seek to help create a better world and better relationships throughout the world for All people and all life. The same is true of the spiritual awakening that has been happening in our lifetime. No resistance can hold up over time to the evolution of consciousness in this planet. However, this evolution can and will only happen – as Edgar Cayce says – "one hair at a time" – meaning "slowly", so that all souls can be brought along in this evolutionary process. The planet gets included in this evolutionary process, as well.
"Peace is not born from War. Peace is not the child of War." (The Rainbow Cards, ©, 2007-2018, Jodie Senkyrik)
"We can be among the first ones to lead the new ways into the future, or we can be among the last ones to follow the old ways of the past." (The Rainbow Cards, ©, 2007-2018, Jodie Senkyrik)
"We have war, because we have not yet prayed enough for it to end." (The Rainbow Cards, ©, 2007-2018, Jodie Senkyrik)
"Strive to leave another person's life better than when you entered into it. This can only be done with Love." (The Rainbow Cards, ©, 2007-2018, Jodie Senkyrik)
Question about the Economy
Would you please elaborate more on the future economy of the U.S. I have followed you for several years, and I recall that you mentioned we should be prepared for what was coming a little beyond 2018 . I took your comments to mean food shortages and difficult times ahead. Do you still see this happening? Tee M.
First, I'd like to say, there is good and bad in all circumstances. With that said, there are many factors which will lead to times which are "more difficult than current life circumstances", – I'm seeing in the next 10-20 years. Also, difficulties will not hit everywhere equally. As of this date, September 20, 2017, we've already seen hurricanes cause hundreds of billions of dollars of destruction for the Caribbean and the U.S. We're also see massive fires destroying so much in the western states. Other events like this will also contribute to the overall economic problems. There will be more events like these destructive events which will impact the economy. But, many societal factors will contribute to the overall problems, as well.
Countries like Venezuela and others that have unstable societies are already experiencing economic problems as we can see via news reports. Mexico has had a devastating earthquake, and this too, will affect not just Mexico but indirectly, the US and other Latin American countries.
Unfortunately, there are few economic remedies being put forth or that will be put in place to help in this country. Other nations will have varying success in dealing with their own. Each of these disasters and those yet to happen over the next 9 years, (what I've categorized as "the 3rd of 3 events" – which is a conglomerate of many events linked together) will contribute to the economic difficulties.
What I see psychically for the U.S. is a slow decline in the overall economy. As I've mentioned in previous posts, it will begin in the summer of 2017, progress into 2018, and continue downward into 2019 and 2020. We've seen it begin with the hurricanes this summer. Fuel prices have begun to rise, which in turn gives rise to commodity/food prices due to increasing delivery costs. Because recovery is slow, the destruction in the US will impact many levels of the economy, including production, tourism, industry, and many other areas. Remember, millions of people who have lost their homes and cars won't have disposable income for quite some time which would otherwise help the economy. The logistics of recovery will be extremely slow to unfold. As demand for recovery resources increases, (materials for rebuilding) this will drive prices up.
And this that I describe is only part of problems that arise over the next 3 years.
The Good News
The good news for 2017 is that at the community level, people are able to connect and help each other. Local economies can recover in practical ways when people act to figure out how to work together, to make do and to help one's neighbor.
More good news is that as people pray and meditate, the level of energy destined to manifest destructively lessens because much of the energy is either transformed, dissolved, or blended with higher healing/spiritual energy. As I've mentioned, higher energy being prayed forth and meditated into existence affects destructive/lower energy like tuning forks that raise the vibration levels of the lower energies. This means there is less manifested destruction.
This is the purpose of prayer and meditation. Even if we don't see or realize the change and transformation happening around us.
Specifically for 2018, worldwide, I see the economy taking strong hits throughout the year. This will leave the economy weaker by the end of the 2018 year. I see this in general, with specific events happening that will bring about this general state.
Specifically, I see man-made influences being half of the influences bringing this to happen. I've seen an event in May, 2018, that we can pray for, but will be a major event. It will be a strong enough event to overwhelm the White House.
The events will be half physical Earth disasters and half actions which will lead to unintended economic problems. 25% of this will be the first 6 months and 75% of this the last 6 months.
I see some chance that the current Health Care program will stay in place, but I see efforts yet to happen in 2018 to try to end the ACA, once again.
Climate change is having an affect on tectonic plates via the fluctuation of pressure and weight placed upon these plates. This can cause more earthquakes and/or volcanoes in the spring and summer of 2018. Prayers can help diminish these, but not remove them completely.
We have a lot of help at higher spiritual/energy levels, but humanity must take the lead on changing both within ourselves as well as the world outside us.
The alternative energy companies will quietly and slowly continue to create a presence in our society and the world. While loud arguments abound about fossil fuels, the alternative energies will be slowly increasing. [As I've mentioned to people before, from the higher realms, fossil fuels were meant to provide 10% of the total energy on this planet, because of what they can offer, but we've gotten off balance.]
There are some parts of the economy which will continue to crank along. 2018 will not be a depression, but will be a rocky road leading to what I see as being rockier roads.
First 2016-2017 Weather Prediction
If you haven't already become aware of this on your own, we're in for a very hard winter in the next few months. The signs are here. The past patterns are here. Common sense is here. Warnings are here. The writing is on the wall. We've established that we are on this road now.
What we've experienced in December, we're going to get harder in January and much, much harder in February.
In general, across the nation, the remainder of December will look like "normal" winter weather that one would expect winter to be from past decades. And I'm seeing January being more of the same only colder. Then I see February being an "ice block" – frozen solid – nothing but cold – the whole month – with no relief whatsoever.
This is for pretty much the whole country – in general. I can give some specifics if you're interested – post a comment and I'll answer it when possible. However, you'll be able to extrapolate from what I've offered so far.
For Texas, a state that doesn't do winter very well. We're going to be right in line with what I said above. It will be a cold December, then in and out of freezing temperatures in January, then almost all freezing temperatures for all of February. February will even be hard in the Rio Grande Valley – not as serious as the Texas area north of them, but cold enough to where they/you will need to take steps to protect people, plants, animals and pipes.
I've warned about this coming winter for many years. It's here and it's going to be very cold, very difficult and very serious – and ALL ACROSS THE NATION.
AND…. regardless of what people say, this is a result of Global Warming. Climate change is real. Remember the words, "Anyone who tells you different, is selling something." Just because one may not understand how this is true, or doesn't want it, doesn't mean it's not true. The same scientific principles and laws of physics, chemistry and mathematics that go into understanding and building computers, go into understanding weather. No one person completely understands how the whole computer works, but every human being in the United States uses or connects to computers. Yet, no one questions if their computer is a hoax.
Finally, the difficult winter we'll go through will ease up when we move into the beginning of March – in the southern half of the US. The northern half of the US states, will have winter on through mid-March, and the most northern Northeastern states will have winter going to near the end of March.
I'm working on the Psychic Reading I did for the election results and will post it as an audio file real soon. It will be controversial, but it is what I see psychically… (with a caveat that the future can change with prayer and meditation.)
"The teachings of many, many religions hold to "Do unto others, as you would want others to do unto you." The God of these religions gave all followers of these religions freewill, and will never take that freewill away. That is why from time to time, we say 'No'. " (The Rainbow Cards, ©, 2016, Jodie Senkyrik)
"Pray for all those that are judged to be unworthy of prayers." (The Rainbow Cards, ©, 2014, Jodie Senkyrik)
World Weather Predictions
Because weather is such an important topic to so many places on the whole Earth, I'll add what I see with regards to different areas.
Australia has been going through a tremendous drought. I still see 2.5 more years of drought happening, but after those 2.5 years, the drought will diminish step by step from then on. So, in 2018, I see the drought taking the other turn and begin the process of lessening. While 2 more years of drought is a problem, I do see its end. Australia is going into its Summer temperatures right now and this year will see some rain associated with at least 1 major storm. Look for the storm to not hit Australia directly. This means there won't be a lot of rain, but there will be some.
I see a general direction of the same weather patterns which Europe has had for the last 4 years. I don't see a lot of fluctuation or dramatic changes. Climate Change is real and the weather patterns of the last 4-5 years are to be considered the new normal. The nearest time period I see any dramatic change will be 2018 when I see Europe having an extremely mild winter with 2019 being the pendulum swinging back the other way. This is far off in the future, but gives the indication that the weather patterns Europe has had recently are going to continue.
As a whole, expect lots of rain over the next 18-24 months. More than what has been "normal" in decades past.
South Africa
This is one area where the dramatic weather extremes are going to be felt less. I'm still seeing some extreme weather – with regards to higher than average temperatures, but not beating up the area, like is happening in Australia. I see the extremes in weather being related to temperatures rather than being extreme storms. I see a severe mosquito (swarming) problem coming for South Africa – worse that before. This is related to the weather somewhat.
As a whole, the Climate change effect for India's weather will be a longer rainy season. While I see the level of intensity of the storms will be near the same level as compared to decades past, the length of the rain season will be longer and come earlier. This does mean that there will be significant flooding in cities as well as rural areas. India will face some disasters related to flooding. Disease and insects will become a problem because of the flooding. Clean drinking water will be part of the challenge for people during the floods, and this should not be a surprise.


text:
In a Nutshell
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Product Details
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The Fine Print
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Original value: Based on online price as sold by Turborevs, checked on 26.09.2019.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Status: Open
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Marion Hearing Aid Center
My name is Bill Brown, I have owned and operated Marion Hearing Aid Center for more than 14 years, serving the needs of the hearing impaired of Marion. My career in the Hearing Health Care industry began more than 36 years ago and I have experience in many levels including testing, fitting, sales and service. Friendly service, experience and expertise in today's...
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Marion Hearing Aid Center is located at 130 S Main St, Bellefontaine, OH. This business specializes in Ear Care.


text:
FIDIC Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] Explained by D.Alcon
FIDIC Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] Explained : FIDIC forms of contract, which had gone through several evolutions since they first appeared in 1957, were to change radically towards the end of the 20th Century. By this time there were several different forms of contract which had all developed independently of one another and which had become very weighty and cumbersome, e.g., the 1987 Red Book had up to 72 Clauses, which did not necessarily coincide with the numerous clauses in the other forms.
In order to address this problem FIDIC experimented with a radically new form in 1995 entitled the Design – Build and Turnkey Contract which contained only 20 clauses, but which still retained some of the features of older editions. The 1995 form was fairly well received and effectively formed the template for the majority of FIDIC's new suite of contracts issued in 1999 (the 1999 FIDIC Suite).
Despite FIDIC's opposition to the unofficial naming of the various forms by the colour of their covers, this practice has continued and three of the new forms, i.e., the Construction Contract (known as the Red Book), the Plant and Design/Build Contract (known as the Yellow Book) and the EPC/Turnkey Contract (known as the Silver Book) each contained 20 clauses. Where possible these clauses were identical across all three forms meaning that knowledge of the contents of one form was to some extent transferrable across all three forms. Upon the issue of the 1999 FIDIC Suite the 1995 Design – Build and Turnkey Contract was effectively replaced by the new Plant and Design/Build Contract (Yellow Book) and the EPC/Turnkey Contract (Silver Book).
The fourth form in the 1999 FIDIC Suite was the Short Form (known as the Green Book) the like of which had never been previously produced by FIDIC. It had very simplified conditions as befits a form of contract which, in their own words, FIDIC created for "fairly simple or repetitive work or work of short duration without the need for specialist sub-contracts".
As you would expect from a radical new suite of contract forms, there were new previously unseen clauses and sub-clauses too. One of these was Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]. Although the Engineer had been required to carry out consultations with both Parties and determinations under various clauses of the 1987 Red Book, there was previously no specific clause describing the method to be adopted by the Engineer in such circumstances.
However, despite the passing of more than seventeen years since the 1999 FIDIC Suite was originally issued, there appears to remain to this day a great deal of confusion as to when and how Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] should be used. Much of this confusion is caused by its title and the wording of associated sub-clauses, not to mention a seeming duplication of effort between the procedure for dealing with claims under Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims], i.e., approval or disapproval under the sixth paragraph, and the requirement to proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to "agree or determine" matters under the eighth paragraph. This article attempts to clear up that confusion.
Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] – FIDIC Red, Yellow and Silver Books
The wording of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] under the first three forms of the 1999 FIDIC Suite, i.e., the Construction Contract, the Plant and Design/Build Contract and the EPC/Turnkey Contract is virtually identical, except that the EPC/Turnkey Contract (Silver Book) has no Engineer and it is either the Employer or the Employer's Representative (if he has such delegated power) who is required to proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] and there are also some other slight administrative differences.
This article considers the position under the Construction Contract (Red Book) in which Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] reads as follows: "Whenever these Conditions provide that the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with this Sub-Clause 3.5 to agree or determine any matter, the Engineer shall consult with each Party in an endeavour to reach agreement. If agreement is not achieved, the Engineer shall make a fair determination in accordance with the Contract, taking due regard of all relevant circumstances. The Engineer shall give notice to both Parties of each agreement or determination, with supporting particulars. Each Party shall give effect to each agreement or determination unless and until revised under Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration]."
Why Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]?
In order to understand why the introduction of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] was found necessary it is essential to understand the significance of some of the duties and obligations of the Engineer under earlier FIDIC editions (and other forms of contract too) in the years prior to the issue of the 1999 FIDIC Suite. Traditionally, the Engineer (or the Architect under other contract forms) was expected to act impartially on any matter between the Parties even though he was employed by only one Party. When reviewing the FIDIC 4th Edition in his book entitled "FIDIC 4th – A Practical Guide" first published in 1991, Edward Corbett wrote that the FIDIC Fourth Edition was "..very much in the traditional English mode with Bills of Quantities and a named Engineer whose functions include making certification and other determinations independently of the Employer and indeed impartially as between the Parties".
The 1987 Red Book, actually stated as much. For example, Sub-Clause 2.6 was entitled "Engineer to Act Impartially" and the said sub-clause stated "Whenever … the Engineer is required to exercise his discretion by: (a) giving his decision, opinion or consent, (b) expressing his satisfaction or approval, (c) determining value, or (d) otherwise taking action which may affect the rights and obligations of the Employer or the Contractor he shall exercise such discretion impartially within the terms of the Contract…".
One such decision on which millions of dollars could hang was the "Engineer's Decision" under Sub-Clause 67.1 of the 1987 Red Book which was required to be rendered impartially by the Engineer within 84 days of "a dispute of any kind whatsoever between the Employer and the Contractor" being referred to him by either Party. Failure to obtain this decision from the Engineer before taking any action to commence arbitration had lead, on numerous occasions, to arbitration proceedings collapsing when the arbitrator's jurisdiction was questioned and he found that no "Engineer's Decision" had been applied for or rendered under Sub-Clause 67.1 [Engineer's Decision] leading to the conclusion that there was no dispute to be resolved.
Over the years many contractors became sceptical as to whether or not the Engineer was capable of acting completely impartially when he was employed and paid by only one of the Parties, especially if his decision under Sub-Clause 67.1 [Engineer's Decision] could highlight his own shortcomings and cost his client millions of dollars if he found in favour of the Contractor. The contractors argued that decisions in their favour were few and far between and that this illustrated a bias on the part of the Engineer towards the Employer despite his obligation to act impartially.
A survey commissioned jointly by European International Contractors (EIC) and FIDIC stated: "There was also a wide range of views about impartiality of Engineers. Generally, consultants and clients feel that Engineers are impartial whereas contractors feel that they are not. Most people feel that Engineers typically favour the Employer in administering contracts".[EIC/FIDIC Questionnaire Survey: The use of the FIDIC Red Book, 5 June 1996, Will Hughes, Department of Construction Management & Engineering, University of Reading, UK] . Eventually FIDIC bowed to pressure to rectify this situation by introducing another tier of dispute resolution between the Engineer's now "fair" determination and either Party's reference to arbitration, i.e., a decision rendered by a Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) employed and paid for by both Parties under the Contract.
Hence, the Engineer's duties under Sub-Clause 67.1 [Engineer's Decision] of the 1987 Red Book were taken over by the DAB and Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] was introduced to enable the Engineer to make a "fair" determination [4th line of Sub-Clause 3.5, Determinations] if agreement on the matter could not be reached between the Parties. Otherwise, the Engineer was expressly recognised as acting for the Employer.[Sub-Clause 3.1, Engineer's Duties and Authority , fifth paragraph, sub-paragraph (a)]
Each Party was then required to give effect to each determination unless and until the determination was revised by a DAB and only then could either Party give notice of arbitration, which process would be preceded (as always) by a period of amicable settlement.
Conditions which Trigger Engineer's Action under Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]?
Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] states: "Whenever these Conditions provide that the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with this Sub-Clause 3.5 to agree or determine any matter, the Engineer shall consult with each Party in an endeavour to reach agreement". So, which Conditions of the Contract trigger the Engineer's action under Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]? The following twenty-five sub-clauses contain the trigger paragraph, e.g., "…the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine…" the matter:
- 1.9 [Delayed Drawings or Instructions]
- 2.1 [Right of Access to the Site]
- 2.5 [Employer's Claims]
- 4.7 [Setting Out]
- 4.12 [Unforeseeable Physical Conditions]
- 4.19 [Electricity, Water and Gas]
- 4.20 [Employer's Equipment and Free-Issue Material]
4.24 [Fossils]
7.4 [Testing]
8.9 [Consequences of Suspension]
9.4 [Failure to Pass Tests on Completion]
10.2 [Taking Over of Parts of the Works]
10.3 [Interference with Tests on Completion]
11.4 [Failure to Remedy Defects]
11.8 [Contractor to Search]
12.3 [Evaluation]
12.4 [Omissions]
13.2 [Value Engineering]
13.7 [Adjustments for Changes in Legislation]
14.4 [Schedule of Payments]
15.3 [Valuation at Date of Termination]
16.1 [Contractor's Entitlement to Suspend Work]
17.4 [Consequences of Employer's Risks]
19.4 [Consequences of Force Majeure]
20.1 [Contractor's Claims]
Thirteen of the above instances are linked to the submission of claims by the Contractor under Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] in that the Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] trigger paragraph appears in conjunction with paragraphs that give the Contractor entitlement to an extension of time and/or additional payment subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims]. For example, Sub-Clause 2.1 [Right of Access to Site] requires the Employer to give the Contractor right of access to, and possession of, all parts of the Site within the time (or times) stated in the Appendix to Tender.
The third and fourth paragraphs of Sub-Clause 2.1 [Right of Access to Site] state: "If the Contractor suffers delay and/or incurs Cost as a result of a failure by the Employer to give any such right or possession within such time, the Contractor shall give notice to the Engineer and shall be entitled subject to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] to:
(a) an extension of time for any such delay, if completion is or will be delayed, under Sub-Clause 8.4 [Extension of Time for Completion], and
(b) payment of any such Cost plus reasonable profit, which shall be included in the Contract Price.
After receiving this notice, the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to agree or determine these matters". (Emphasis added)
The sub-clauses which contain the trigger paragraph, but are not linked to the submission of claims by the Contractor under Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims], are:
- Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] although the Engineer has to perform the same tasks as for a Contractor claim under Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims];
- Sub-Clause 4.19 [Electricity, Water and Gas] where the Engineer has to agree or determine the quantities consumed and the amounts due when the Contractor uses electricity and/or water and/or gas provided by the Employer;
- Sub-Clause 4.20 [Employer's Equipment and Free-Issue Material] where the Engineer has to agree or determine any claim the Employer may make under Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] for the appropriate quantities and amounts due for the use of Employer's Equipment;
- Sub-Clause 9.4 [Failure to Pass Tests on Completion] where the Engineer has to agree or determine any claim the Employer may submit under Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] for the reduction in Contract Price where Works that have repeatedly failed to pass the tests on completion are taken over by the Employer and where no value or method of calculation is stated in the Contract;
- Sub-Clause 10.2 [Taking Over of Parts of the Works] where the Engineer must agree or determine the reduction in delay damages for the remaining Works;
- Sub-Clause 11.4 [Failure to Remedy Defects] where the Engineer must agree or determine any costs reasonably incurred by the Employer under Sub-Clause 11.2 [Cost of Remedying Defects] and claimed under Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] for when the Contractor fails to remedy defects and the Employer exercises the option to carry out the work himself or have it done by others at the Contractor's cost;
- Sub-Clause 11.8 [Contractor to Search] where the Engineer must agree or determine the cost (plus reasonable profit) of a search for the cause of any defect directed by the Engineer, unless the defect is to be remedied at the cost of the Contractor;
- Sub-Clause 12.3 [Evaluation] where the Engineer must agree or determine the Contract Price where the Works are to be measured and valued for payment under Sub-Clauses 12.1 [Works to be Measured] and 12.2 [Method of Measurement];
- Sub-Clause 12.4 [Omissions] where the Engineer shall agree or determine costs associated with a Variation pursuant to the final paragraph of Sub-Clause 13.3 [Variation Procedure] where the Contractor incurs costs when work is omitted, but which may not be covered by the Variation or elsewhere in the Contract;
- Sub-Clause 13.2 [Value Engineering] where the Engineer shall agree or determine the reduction in the Contract Price, stemming from a Value Engineering proposal from the Contractor, which is adopted by the Employer and the division of any benefit to the Employer as between the Employer and the Contractor;
- Sub-Clause 14.4 [Schedule of Payments] where the Engineer may be required to agree or determine revised payment instalments if actual progress is found to be falling behind where stage payments are being used; and finally
- Sub-Clause 15.3 [Valuation at Date of Termination] where the Engineer is required to agree or determine the value, of the Works, Goods, etc., due to the Contractor after the issuance of a termination notice.
There are also some other sub-clauses which do not contain the trigger paragraph, but where the Engineer has an implied obligation to proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations], e.g., Sub-Clause 14.8 [Delayed Payment] where the Contractor is entitled to receive financing charges, if he does not receive payment in accordance with Sub-Clause 14.7 [Payment], compounded monthly on the amount unpaid during the period of delay. In practice, such a task may be performed by a Quantity Surveyor, but for the purposes of the Contract this is an Engineer obligation.
Engineer Implementation of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations]
When called upon to implement the provisions of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] there are a few matters of which the Engineer should be cognisant before proceeding any further, as follows:
1) Whether the Engineer is a juridical person or an individual he is prohibited under Sub-Clause 3.2 [Delegation by the Engineer] from delegating the authority to determine any matter in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to any assistant unless otherwise agreed by the Parties. A determination could, presumably, be drafted by a member of his staff, but he would have to sign it and take full responsibility for it.
2) Does the Engineer have the authority under the Contract to issue a determination pursuant to Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] without the prior agreement of the Employer? The third paragraph of Sub-Clause 3.1 [Engineer's Duties and Authority] states "If the Engineer is required to obtain the approval of the Employer before exercising a special authority, the requirements shall be as stated in the Particular Conditions". Sample wording would be as follows:
"The Engineer shall obtain the specific approval of the Employer before taking action under the following Sub-Clauses of these Conditions:
(a) Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] – issuing a determination where the Contract requires the Engineer to proceed in accordance with this Sub-Clause"
3) If he was to issue a determination without first obtaining the prior specific approval of the Employer, if such was a requirement in the Particular Conditions as stated above, the Employer would pursuant to Sub-Clause 3.1 [Engineer's Duties and Authority] be deemed to have given approval as the Contractor has an implied right to expect that the Engineer has authority to issue any instruction or determination under the Contract once he has signed it and delivered it to the Contractor. In such circumstances the Engineer would possibly find himself in breach of his Contract with the Employer, i.e., his "Client" under the FIDIC White Bookas the same stipulation would very likely be incorporated in his consultancy agreement.
4) Where Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] requires him to "agree or determine any matter", the agreement he is to endeavour to achieve is one between the Parties, not just the Engineer's agreement with one of the Parties, a common misconception. It is quite common for the Engineer (or his staff) to skip the "agreement" phase of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] because he may have already disapproved a claim pursuant to Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] or already believe that his opinions and those of the Contractor are entrenched and cannot change. As can be seen from the above, this is an erroneous assumption and often the opportunity that the first phase of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] offers is therefore lost before it is even exercised. Failure to proceed properly in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] could also lay the Engineer open for accusations of negligence.
5) Finally, whereas the fifth paragraph of Sub-Clause 3.1 [Engineer's Duties and Authority] states that the Engineer acts for the Employer, the Engineer should bear in mind his obligation under Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] to make "fair" determinations which therefore implies they must be rendered in a professional manner taking regard of all the circumstances.
The opening sentence of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] states: "Whenever these Conditions provide that the Engineer shall proceed in accordance with this Sub-Clause 3.5 to agree or determine any matter, the Engineer shall consult with each Party in an endeavour to reach agreement." This is the first stage of the Engineer's tasks under Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations], i.e., he has to meet with both Parties either together or separately to discuss the matter that the trigger paragraph in one of the above listed Sub-Clauses requires him to explore when one of the situations arise, for example:
- under Sub-Clause 9.4 [Failure to Pass Tests on Completion] where the Employer has submitted a claim under Sub-Clause 2.5 [Employer's Claims] for a reduction in Contract Price where Works, that have repeatedly failed to pass the tests on completion, are taken over by the Employer and where no value or method of calculation is stated in the Contract; or
- under Sub-Clauses 2.1 [Right of Access to the Site] and Sub-Clause 20.1 [Contractor's Claims] where the Contractor may have suffered delay and/or incurred Cost as a result of a failure by the Employer to give access to the Site within the time stated in the Appendix to Tender and the Contractor has submitted a claim for an extension of time and/or additional payment.
In my view the Engineer's implied duty in this first stage of the implementation of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] is to act in a quasi-mediator role since it is unlikely on the very large projects, on which the forms of contract of the 1999 FIDIC Suite are used, that the Engineer will be able to organise several meetings at which both the Employer's and the Contractor's decision makers may be present. This is particularly so on government projects where the Employer may be a state government represented by a committee or a government minister, for example.
Consequently, the likely scenario is that the Engineer will meet with the Contractor several times on one particular aspect of a claim and discuss details with the Contractor until the Engineer has either received or seen all the required contemporary records he deems necessary and has satisfied himself that the Contractor has properly substantiated that aspect of his claim or is unable to produce further substantiation. Only then will the Engineer consult with the Employer in an effort to obtain his agreement of that aspect. Indeed, as stated in the FIDIC Guide, "The Engineer does not proceed in accordance with Sub-Clause 3.5 only once in respect of each claim. He does so in stages, as further particulars are submitted under Sub-Clause 20.1…".
Thereafter the Engineer may have further meetings with the Contractor and may continue to shuttle backwards and forwards between the Contractor and the Employer until they have agreed a matter or the Engineer has come to the conclusion that no agreement is possible. This process must be concluded in a reasonable time, not prolonged unnecessarily and upon such agreement the Engineer must set down what has been agreed in writing and give notice to both Parties of the agreement.
If agreement cannot be reached the Engineer can proceed with the second stage of the provisions of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations], i.e., "If agreement is not achieved, the Engineer shall make a fair determination in accordance with the Contract, taking due regard of all relevant circumstances".
It is expected that "each agreement or determination" prepared by the Engineer would be set down in writing in a professional manner and perhaps utilising the expertise of the Engineer's "suitably qualified engineers and other professionals"13 [Engineer's Duties and Authority, First paragraph of Sub-Clause 3.1] in accordance with the provisions of Sub-Clause 1.3 [Communications] and each document should make it clear either what has been agreed by the Parties or how and why the Engineer has reached the conclusions in his "fair determination".
The final sentence of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations], i.e., "Each Party shall give effect to each agreement or determination unless and until revised under Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration]" clearly implies that the "supporting particulars" should be comprehensive so that every aspect of "each agreement or determination" is itemised and accompanied by the necessary evidence, as these will be binding on each Party until revised under the dispute resolution procedures in Clause 20 [Claims, Disputes and Arbitration]. Consequently "each agreement or determination" should also state that it is issued pursuant to Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] so that both Parties are aware that the final paragraph applies.
Although, the clear implication is that no further correspondence on the subject should be entered into between the Contractor and the Employer and/or the Engineer, the FIDIC Guide nevertheless states: "In practice, the Engineer may first make an interim determination [or determinations], indicating his intention to review it when further particulars are presented to him, and meanwhile including the appropriate adjustment in Interim Payment Certificates. Although an interim determination may nevertheless be referable to the DAB directly without further delay, it is usually preferable, if further particulars become available, for the Engineer to review his previous determination". In my view this is one area of potential confusion and the thought of the Engineer opening up a determination, reviewing it and perhaps amending it, seems to me to undermine the Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] process which would appear to be an opportunity to draw a line under a matter which was previously in dispute and incapable of being resolved without intervention.
The reason for the introduction of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] into the 1999 FIDIC Suite was, in conjunction with the introduction of other new sub-clauses such as the DAB provisions, to address the apparent unfairness of the Engineer's role to act impartially as between the Parties when making decisions that could either illustrate his own shortcomings or adversely affect the position of the Employer, the person that employed him and paid his fees. To some extent Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] replicated provisions already found in pre-1999 editions of the FIDIC contracts, but it set out the procedure in a more ordered way and arguably introduced another layer of dispute resolution possibilities by giving the Engineer the power to broker an agreement between the Parties before moving to the determination stage if no agreement could be reached.
That the first stage of the Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] process, i.e., "agreement", may not have been fully utilised as intended by FIDIC may be the reason that future editions of the FIDIC contracts are apparently going to have a revamped version of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] where the Engineer will be required to act "neutrally". Only time will tell whether this will lead to a better understanding amongst the users of FIDIC Contracts of the provisions of Sub-Clause 3.5 [Determinations] and its implementation.


text:
Nicolas Thomas, once a regular cellist for the Orchestre National du Capitole de Toulouse, is now a Michelin-star chef in Verfeuil.
Based on his experience as a professional musician, he has maintained fairly high expectations of the Ville Rose in terms of culture, and can now add culinary experiences to his list of demands.
How does Toulouse rank in terms of gastronomy?
It's a culinary city. Toulouse and the surrounding region have several Michelin-star restaurants. I've noticed that the latest wave of Toulouse-based chefs is increasingly demanding. Even established restaurants can offer a more targeted service with great local products. This is what I've done since receiving my star in 2018; I've changed my purchasing policy to attract locavores.


text:
What-does.net is your comprehensive online definition dictionary. If you are not sure how to define Picture, our website can provide you with the appropriate definition. On this page, you can find what is Picture.
Picture meaning
picture - 7 dictionary results
- 1. a visual representation ( of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface; " they showed us the pictures of their wedding"; " a movie is a series of images projected so rapidly that the eye integrates them"
- 2. The art of painting; representation by painting.
- 3. A representation of anything ( as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting, drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By extension, a figure; a model.
- 4. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the picture of grief.
- 5. To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind.
- 6. A painting; drawing; resemblance.
- 7. To represent in, or as in, a picture.
picture - examples of usage


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text:
it's beginning to look a lot like summer
good morning, garden! what do you have for me today?
grilled squash & onions + assorted herbs + purslaneassorted roasted beets & baby onions + radicchioExplore posts in the same categories: Uncategorized
One Comment on "it's beginning to look a lot like summer"
July 24, 2010 at 8:37 am
Yum! Looks great. Remind me to stop by next time I am in upstate NY for a quick bite.