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Given that m - 2 divides 3m^2 - 2m + 11, find all possible values of m.
Assuming that m is an integer, we must have \(\frac {3m^2-2m+11} {m-2}=N\), where N is an integer. So since
\(N=\frac{3m^2-2m+11} {m-2}=3m+4+\frac{19} {m-2}\), the fraction\(\frac{19} {m-2}\)must be an integer. But since the numerator of this fraction is prime, its only divisors are \(\pm 1\) and \(\pm19\). So we must have \(m-2=\pm1\) and \(m-2=\pm19\). By solving these equations for m you get four possible values for m. Have fun!

subset: commoncrawl


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BEGINS AUGUST 12th
Important notice about PAYMENT:
It will say that Homework Club is "FREE" but this is just the system saying that you will not be charged TODAY for the club. HW Club is 90$/month -charged the last day of each month. Homework Club is not prorated and will charge your card the last day of each month regardless of how many times your student(s) attended that month.
Also, below it will ask you to choose "start date"- Please choose the month you would like your student to begin attending (it only lists the last day of the month, as that will be when you are billed. However, the student can begin attending the first day of whatever month you choose).
For questions about billing please contact the Front Office or firstname.lastname@example.com
^^Discount code is available for employees of Cicero, please contact Christa Reichert for coupon code
All parents must read the below document and fill out the General Information/Medical/Emergency Contact form attached--before student attends first HW Club session. You may either email the form to firstname.lastname@example.com or turn it into the school directly.
REQUIRED: 1. Homework Club Registration
2. Pick-Up Authorization (Must be turned in in-person)
Homework Club 2019-2020 at Cicero Preparatory Academy
Frequently Asked Questions
General Information
How the Program Works
What it is NOT
Payment Policies
Extracurricular Perks
This screen shows you the details for the selected product.
Click the "Add to Cart" button to add this product to your shopping cart. You can enter a quantity larger then 1 to add multiples of this product to your shopping cart.
If the product is full you will see a "Wait List" button. Click this button if you would like to be notified if/when capacity is added. If capacity is increased we will email you. Upon receipt of the increased capacity notification, registration will be on a first-come, first-served basis.
If the product is not ready for purchase you will see a "Notify Me" button. You can click this button if you would like to be notified when this product is ready for purchase.
Some products can only be purchased through our partner. In this case you will see an "External Register" button. Click this button to purchase through our partner's website.


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II. Reforms for Private Sector–Led Growth29
A. Introduction
52. The federal government of Nigeria has embarked on an ambitious and broad-based medium-term economic reform strategy (NEEDS) designed to unleash the country's enormous growth potential and significantly lower poverty.30 NEEDS aims to break away from the misguided policies and failures of the past that created an environment hostile to private sector growth. It recognizes that fundamental changes and bold reforms are necessary to address the deep-rooted structural and economic problems facing the economy and that, without them, the country will remain stuck in a trap of low savings, low investment, and low productivity.
53. This section reviews key aspects of the government's reform strategy to promote private sector growth. It also reviews briefly the country's growth performance and main growth constraints and discusses the government's efforts to improve the business environment. It concludes by drawing some policy implications.
54. This section draws heavily on the NEEDS document, the World Bank's Investment Climate Survey, which was completed for Nigeria in 2002, and Doing Business31 and the Global Competitiveness Report, published by the World Economic Forum. The last three documents are largely survey-based sources but, given the dearth of information available on Nigeria, they provide invaluable insight into factors affecting business costs and productivity in Nigeria and also allow for some cross-country comparisons.32
B. Background
55. Nigeria's economic growth performance since independence in 1960 has been disappointing, with no significant improvement in living standards. Real economic growth averaged about 3½ percent between 1960 and 2002, barely exceeding average population growth. The country has also lagged behind countries at a comparable level of economic development in 1960. Most indicators of social and economic progress, including real per capita income, real per capita consumption, literacy, access to clean water, and income distribution, indicate that poverty has worsened since 1960.33 Despite its human and natural resource wealth, Nigeria has become one of the poorest countries in the world. Per capita income in real terms was lower in 2002 than in 1975.
56. The economy has also become highly dependent on oil. Nigeria was largely an agrarian economy in the 1960s, with agricultural output accounting for two-thirds of GDP and the bulk of export earnings and employment. It was among the world's largest exporter of key cash crops. Forty years later, it is a net importer of food, and the contribution of agriculture to the economy has declined significantly.34 With its manufacturing comprising only 5 percent of GDP, Nigeria is also one of the least industrialized countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The decline of agricultural exports reflects a host of factors, including the impact of Dutch disease, protective trade policies, weak infrastructure, and misguided sectoral policies.
57. Nigeria's economy has also been highly volatile and unstable. Most macroeconomic indicators—terms of trade, real exchange rate, government investment per capita, real per capita GDP growth—display higher volatility than the average for SSA or other developing countries. The volatility stems from the country's: (a) heavy dependence on oil as a source of government revenue and export earnings; (b) highly uncertain policy environment and weak economic management, including procyclical fiscal policies, fiscal dominance, accommodating monetary policy, and frequent ad hoc changes to policies, including trade policy, the exchange rate regime, and business regulations; (c) social and political conflicts; and (d) ineffective financial system. Studies have shown that macroeconomic volatility has an adverse impact on growth.35
|Sample Size 1/
|Nigeria's Rank 2/
|Terms of trade
|Real Exchange rate
|Monetary growth
|Consumer prices
|Government revenue per capita
|Real GDP per capita
Number of countries with more than 15 observations in the period
Higher ranking indicates among top country's in volatility
Number of countries with more than 15 observations in the period
Higher ranking indicates among top country's in volatility
58. Despite some privatization and liberalization efforts since the early 1990s, the public sector's role in the formal economy remains substantial and has undermined the development of the private sector. Public consumption averaged 16 percent between 1990 and 2002, compared with 7 percent for Indonesia.36 There are still an estimated 1,500 public enterprises, of which state and local governments own 900 and the federal government owns the rest. In total, they account for two-thirds of formal sector employment and over half of investment. Public sector enterprise inefficiencies have significantly raised input costs and have lowered productivity in the economy.
59. The Nigerian economy, which is also relatively closed and highly regulated, has been out of step with liberalization trends taking place elsewhere in the world. The simple average tariff increased to 30 percent at end-2004 and is now one of the highest in the world. Nontariff barriers have increased in recent years with the imposition of bans not sanctioned by the World Trade Organization (WTO). Overall, foreign direct investment and the participation of foreign companies in economic activity outside the oil and gas sectors have been low.37 Studies show that Nigerian manufacturing firms are more reluctant than other firms in sub-Saharan Africa to compete outside their domestic market.38
60. Nigeria's non-oil private sector has also experienced a significant loss in productivity and turned in a poor investment performance. Total factor productivity contributed negatively to economic growth between 1960 and 2000.39 The negative trend growth in productivity reflects economic losses from the civil war, macroeconomic volatility, nonproductive public investment, and other institutional and policy constraints limiting efficiency gains and more productive private investment. Most of the capital contribution to economic growth came from the surge in public investment during the oil boom years and oil- and gas-related investments.40 Non-oil private investment averaged less than 7 percent of GDP between 1960 and 2000, failing to keep pace with capital replacement costs and contributing negatively to non-oil GDP growth.41 This level is also well below the average of 20 percent of the world's fastest-growing economies.
|Real GDP growth
|Factor growth rates (in percent)
|Factor conbribution to gowth (percentage points)
|Capital 1/
|Labor 1/
Assuming a Cobb Douglas production function with labor and capital shares of 0.6 and 0.4 percent, respectively.
Assuming a Cobb Douglas production function with labor and capital shares of 0.6 and 0.4 percent, respectively.
Figure 1.Nigeria: Sources of Economic Growth, 1960-2000
Source: Authorities, World Bank, and staff estimates.
61. Learning from past policy failures, the authorities' main policy objectives, as described in NEEDS, are to create an environment conducive to private sector-led growth. The aim is to boost productivity growth and external competitiveness, diversify the economy away from oil, reduce the role of the public sector in economic activity, and free the business sector from government regulations, controls, and inefficiencies. One key objective is to restore the status of agriculture as the leading sector in the economy and to enhance its contribution to export earnings and employment creation. Strong growth is also expected in manufacturing and solid minerals.
62. The government aims to raise growth in the non-oil economy to 7 percent a year over the next decade. The high growth rate, necessary to halve poverty by 2015, is very ambitious. To achieve it, real investment would have to increase by about 15 percent in real terms, requiring that national savings also increase. Total factor productivity growth would need to average about 2 percent a year over the next 10 years.42
63. The government's key strategies to achieve these goals include
- creating a stable and predictable macroeconomic framework
- privatizing state-owned enterprises
- strengthening institutions and governance standards
- improving and developing infrastructure
- liberalizing the trade regime
- reforming the judicial system and enforcing the rule of law
- creating competitive business regulations
- strengthening the financial sector
Public sector governance
64. The government considers strengthening governance and improving the quality of public institutions as the country's central reform challenge and critical to achieve higher sustainable growth and to reduce poverty. It is of the view that weak public sector institutions and poor governance principles, including a lack of transparency and accountability, are a root cause of Nigeria's weak growth record, ineffective public policies, and marginally productive public spending.
65. International surveys confirm the poor quality of Nigeria's public institutions. As measured by the perceived degree of corruption, the rule of law, and enforcement of contracts, they ranked 98 out of the 102 countries assessed in the 2004 Global Competitiveness Report. On key issues that matter to a sound investment climate—such as transparency and predictability of policies, enforcement of property rights, judicial independence, even-handed treatment of the private sector, low level of corruption and crime, quality of infrastructure and efficient bureaucracy—Nigeria ranked in the bottom 5 of the 102 countries assessed.43 While Nigeria's public school system was considered among the best in Africa in the late 1960s, 30 years later businesses ranked it as one of the worst in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, Transparency International's 2004 report places Nigeria next to last on its Corruption Perception Index—which assesses the degree of corruption among public officials and politicians. The World Bank's worldwide governance indicators rank Nigeria lower than most developing countries on property rights, rules-based governance, and quality of public administration and regulations.
|Growth Competitiveness Indicator 1/
|Public Institutions Index 2/
|SSA Rank
|Global Rank
|SSA Rank
|Global Rank
|South Africa
|South Africa
The Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI) uses hard data and survey data and consists of the macroeconomic environment index, public institutions index and technology index.
The public institutions index is a composite of the contracts and laws sub index and corruption sub index. It uses survey data and reviews the extent of paybacks and brides that are required in dealing with the public sector as well as quality of the legal system, enforcement of contracts, as well as the cost of organized crime on business.
The Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI) uses hard data and survey data and consists of the macroeconomic environment index, public institutions index and technology index.
The public institutions index is a composite of the contracts and laws sub index and corruption sub index. It uses survey data and reviews the extent of paybacks and brides that are required in dealing with the public sector as well as quality of the legal system, enforcement of contracts, as well as the cost of organized crime on business.
Figure 2.Nigeria: Competitiveness Indicators
(Score) 1/
Source: The Africa Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum
1/ The numbers in paranthesis reflect the country's score out of the total 102 countries surveyed and ranked. Data reflect responses to the 2003 Executive Opinion Survey.
Figure 3.Nigeria: Competitiveness Indicators
(Score, unless otherwise indicated) 1/
Source: The Africa Competitiveness Report, World Economic Forum
1/ The numbers in paranthesis reflect the country's score out of the total 102 countries surveyed and ranked. Data reflect responses to the 2003 Executive Opinion Survey.
66. Firms surveyed in the World Bank's RPED cited corruption, irregular application of laws and regulations, and favoritism as major cost drivers and deterrents to investment. Rent-seeking activities were highest with establishing public utility connections, followed by license and permit processing, procurement of government contracts, customs clearance, and tax collection. With regard to the last-named item, firms indicated that they did not view the level of corporate taxation (at 30 percent) a burden but rather the harassment by tax officials. This may also explain the large presence of smaller firms in the informal sector, with estimates suggesting the informal sector accounts for as much as 40-50 percent of GDP as well as for low tax compliance.
67. A related governance issue is the problem of crime and security. According to the World Economic Forum's Executive Survey Opinion, businesses listed security and crime concerns, including theft of equipment and inventory by employees, as their sixth biggest cost driver. Firms in the World Bank's RPED survey noted that security issues were a serious concern in Lagos. Because of the frequent threat of robberies along main transportation routes, crime and security issues restrict commerce and domestic market integration. Companies also complain that security problems make it more difficult to attract highly skilled expatriates.44
68. In formulating NEEDS, the authorities have made fighting corruption, improving governance and quality of public institutions, and strengthening security its number one reform priority. The following actions have brought them closer to their goal:
- Nigeria has signed on to the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) to enhance the transparency of oil revenue management. A formal audit of the oil accounts is under way, and all results will be published. The passage of the EITI law would formally require that oil companies publish all oil- and gas-related information.
- The Economic Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) has been established to fight corruption in the public sector and financial system. The passage of the anti-money laundering act in 2004 allows the EFCC to investigate and prosecute crimes committed thereunder.
- The government has begun publishing, on a monthly basis, revenue distributed to the three tiers of government, auditing fiscal accounts, and making audited results available on a timely basis.
- Main line ministries are subject to performance evaluation and reporting requirements.
- Procurement and due process reforms, the ongoing civil service reforms, and overall efforts to streamline the government are critical to eliminating corruption, enhancing the quality of public institutions, and ensuring value for money.
- The police force is being strengthened and the judicial system (see discussion below) is being reformed to ensure rule of law.
Physical infrastructure
69. Nigeria's infrastructure, in terms of quality and quantity, is inferior to that in much of the rest of the world, which significantly raises the cost of doing business.45 Out of 102 countries assessed in the Global Competitiveness Report (2004), business executives ranked Nigeria's overall quality of infrastructure third to last. This outcome is consistent with the results of the World Bank's RPED survey, with manufacturing firms ranking infrastructure as their most severe business constraint. This holds true for all firms, independent of size, sector, location, or ownership (foreign or domestic).
70. Unreliable electricity is Nigeria's single largest business problem. Frequent blackouts have sharply inflated operational costs through production stoppages, output losses, and missed delivery dates. About 97 percent of the firms surveyed operated their own power generator, well above the average of 22 percent of the 55 countries surveyed in the World Bank's Investment Climate Survey. Purchasing private power generators accounted for 22 percent of firms' investment budget. Firms estimated that frequent outages caused them to lose about 85-90 working days a year, equivalent to 15 percent of their annual sales.46
71. Nigeria also fares poorly in other areas of infrastructure provision vital to economic development:
- Telephone coverage is among the lowest in the world, with 0.6 lines per capita, compared with 10.2 for South Africa and 27 for Mauritius.47 The country scores low in terms of number of telephone lines and internet users and internet access in schools. Interregional variability is large, with rural areas having weaker access.
- The port system is inefficient and costly. Lagos port is considered one of the most expensive ports in the region, with transaction costs roughly three times higher than those of any other West African port.48 It requires an average of 28 days to clear shipments, as opposed to the international norm of less than 2 days. Aside from port inefficiencies and outdated equipment and technology, key causes for the delay are the punitive trade regime, theft, and corruption in customs, which further raise the cost of importing cargo through the ports.49 The highly protective trade regime has resulted in widespread smuggling and duty evasion. In response, the authorities have instituted a 100 percent inspection requirement, which, in turn, has increased port congestion.
- Poor road network. The country's road density is among the lowest in Africa: 31 percent of roads are paved compared with 52 percent in middle-income countries, and only 40 percent are in good condition. Only about half of the unpaved roads are accessible in the dry season, and 40 percent of the rural communities are shut off from market-access roads. The lack of all-weather roads condemns rural areas to subsistence production and limits access to education and primary health care. A major problem has been insufficient investment, with government budgets not providing sufficient funding to complete and maintain roads. As a result, much of the investment that has taken place has lost value.
- Weak water infrastructure. About 60-70 percent of rural dwellers and 50 percent of urban dwellers lack access to adequate water supplies (including potable water) and proper sanitation facilities. A further lack of water irrigation systems in rural areas makes agriculture production more vulnerable to climatic conditions, limits opportunities to invest in higher value added crops, and overall agricultural productivity. Universal access to adequate water and sanitation services is recognized as essential to public health, individual well-being, and productive activities.
72. The weak state of Nigeria's infrastructure reflects a host of factors, including neglect, misguided policies, lack of competition and private sector involvement, weak capacity for selecting and administrating projects, and political interference and corruption. Licensing and other government entry restrictions prevented private firms from competing with state monopolies in the provision of infrastructure. The government's pricing policies were also set with little regard to commercial objectives, including cost recovery and ability to operate, maintain, and rehabilitate facilities. Corruption, weak procurement practices, and a lack of public accountability resulted in a mismanagement of funds and inefficient infrastructure investments.
73. Tackling infrastructure inefficiencies is a core part of Nigeria's strategy to provide an environment conducive to private sector development and poverty reduction. Active private sector partnerships will be sought in the provision of infrastructure services, key public sector enterprises are to be privatized, and the legal and regulatory framework will be reformed to encourage competition and protect consumer welfare. Where necessary, the government will scale up funding for rehabilitation and expansion of services, particularly with regard to water and roads (see Box 1). Privatization and deregulation would help create a level playing field that would encourage market entry and competition.
Business regulations
74. Firms in Nigeria grapple with costly administrative procedures and regulations, excessive red tape and rent-seeking activities by public officials wanting to establish and operate businesses in Nigeria. According to Doing Business (World Bank, 2005), to start a business, a firm in Nigeria is expected to go through at least 10 bureaucratic procedures and wait an average of 44 days; in contrast, a firm in one of members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) faces an average of 6 procedures and a 27-day waiting period.50 A firm must also deposit capital equivalent to at least 60 percent of per capita income in Nigeria to establish a limited liability company, as required under the Company Law (the Companies and Allied Mattes Act). Many countries, seeking to spur small business start-ups, have scrapped this requirement.
75. Routine business applications in Nigeria are slow and costly, and firms complain that poor government services add considerably to the cost of doing business.51 The administrative process is further complicated by the federal system with its overlapping jurisdictions and procedures. Companies are frequently required to pay new, arbitrary local taxes and fees, clarify plans, and submit additional documents to local government officials. All these hurdles and extra payments raise production costs and lower profitability, discourage market entry, and weaken competition. The heavy-handed business procedures also imply opportunities for officials to extract bribes and tend to disadvantage small and medium-sized enterprises.52
Box 1.NEEDS--Infrastructure Reforms
- A major reform of the power sector is under way. A new power bill signed into law in March 2005 will facilitate the unbundling of the national power company into 18 transmission, generation, and distribution companies and encourage private participation and investment. The Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission (NERC) will be established to ensure a level playing field and consumer protection. Independent power producers will be allowed to generate and sell electricity. The government will focus on improving transmission lines and encourage the utilization of gas through price and other incentives. The introduction of a new collection method has already helped improve collection rates to 75 percent compared with 20 percent a few years ago. New power plants are also being built and should increase generation to 10,000 megawatts by end-2007 from 2,500 megawatts currently. Finally, the national rural electrification program aims to connect the remaining 96 local governments to the national grid by end-2005.
- The transportation sector is being reformed. The passage of a draft transportation bill will establish new regulations and allow private participation in the management of ports, railways, and airports. A major port reform is under way with the aim of increasing the role of Nigeria's seaports in the shipping sector within the region. Private companies will be granted long-term concessions in all government-owned ports. This, along with the customs administration reform and trade liberalization, should help expedite the movement of cargo.
- The federal government has increased budgetary resources considerably for the completion of unfinished road projects and for road maintenance. The ongoing construction of 3,000 kilometers of roads will be completed before the government embarks on new projects. The federal government is also coordinating with subnational governments about the order of priority of road projects. A federal road maintenance agency has been established to oversee road maintenance and involve private sector participation. In general, improved access to paved roads would allow farmers to move their goods to bigger markets more cheaply, making land and farming more productive and profitable. Paved roads would also improve primary school enrollment and health care access.
- The national telecommunication company is slated for privatization in 2005/06. The sector's performance has already improved dramatically with the introduction of cellular telephony and opening of this segment to private sector competition, including foreign operators in 2001. At end-2004, there were over 9 million cellular phone subscribers.
- The government has launched the National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy, which aims to make safe drinking water available to at least 60 percent of the population. Budgetary resources at all levels of government have been increased, and a national system to ensure the quality of water is being developed, consistent with the standards of the World Health Organization.
76. Companies also pay high costs to obtain foreign exchange. The current regulatory regime governing foreign currency transactions is cumbersome: applications for foreign exchange have to be approved by the Central Bank of Nigeria in accordance with foreign exchange control regulations. Nigeria is, furthermore, among a handful of economies remaining that still maintain multiple foreign exchange markets.
77. The government aims to streamline the business registration process by simplifying forms; cutting the number of procedures; transforming the NIPC into promoter and facilitator rather than regulator; eliminating the FDI registration process through the NIPC; streamlining tax forms, requirements and incentives; and doing away with site visits. The authorities also plan to streamline foreign exchange documentation requirements and unify the official foreign exchange market. The government is currently overhauling both tax and customs administrations to streamline tax procedures, improve the quality of service provision, expedite trade facilitation, and broaden the tax base. These reforms, however, call for strong coordination with subnational governments to avoid overlapping functions and costs.
Business legal environment
78. Although, on paper, Nigerian laws are largely adequate, they are not adequately enforced and the courts are considered debtor-friendly and inefficient.53 Creditors usually find themselves in costly and lengthy litigation because debtors can easily obtain court injunctions to avoid repaying their debts. Cross-country comparisons show that Nigeria's court procedures are among the slowest and that commercial cases take a long time to resolve. It takes, on average, over 2 years, 23 procedures, and one-third of the debt amount to enforce a debt contract in Nigeria. Creditors and firms are consequently reluctant to consider the courts a meaningful option for loan recovery or dispute resolution. They tend to seek out-of-court options, even frivolous ones, because of their lack of faith in the efficacy of the judicial system.
79. Foreclosure procedures are also cumbersome in Nigeria. Asset recovery and liquidation come at considerable cost. The rate of recovery, for example, is about 33 percent. The cause of court delays and low recovery rates are manifold: weak court procedures, such as making it easy for debtors to appeal; a lack of specialized commercial courts or small claims court, backlogs, frequent power failures resulting in court adjournments; a low level of technology; and too few judges who can prosecute corruption.
80. The NEEDS document takes into account shortcomings in the judicial system and the fact that after 30 years of military rule the system no longer offers a reliable basis for dispute resolution, protection of property rights, and enforcement of contractual rights. Judicial reforms will include training judges, improving court facilities, developing an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, and creating commercial courts.
81. Lagos State, which accounts for the bulk of the country's commercial and financial activity, has been at the forefront of judicial reform. Since the return of civilian rule in 1999, the state has appointed over 25 young professional judges and has established a specialized commercial court to resolve commercial disputes expeditiously. The salaries of judges have been increased to attract qualified candidates and remove incentives for corruption. Furthermore, court infrastructure is being strengthened through the acquisition of computer facilities, the construction of law libraries, and the hiring of legal assistants. With donor assistance, efforts are also under way to update court procedures, such as through the introduction of modern case management techniques and simplified pretrial procedures. Similar reforms will be needed in other state jurisdictions to enhance the efficacy of the courts.
Registering and transfering property
82. According to Doing Business, Nigeria's regulations for registering and transferring property, which are among the most cumbersome in the world, comprise 21 procedures, 27 percent of the property value in official fees, and a registration period of 274 days. These procedures reflect the institutional arrangements governing land ownership and transactions in Nigeria. According to the Land Use Act of 1978, all land in a state is vested solely in the governor of that state, who must consent to requests to sell, lease or mortgage the land.54 Although in practice, consent is readily given, the process is slow, costly, and associated with heavy rent-seeking activities. In Lagos State, the fees associated with obtaining governor consent amount to 30 percent of the market value of the land. In addition to these costs, there are registration fees, taxes, and legal fees. Permission to lease land and use it as collateral must be approved separately. Registering collateral can take from six months to two years.
83. The property registration system is also poorly managed, and few records are kept of plot allocations and transfers. This problem is further exacerbated by large, unrecorded informal property transactions that take place to avoid the formal system. As such, land titles do not provide full security of ownership and can be contested in the courts or by state governors.
84. Land reform, an important component of the NEEDS, is viewed as central to wealth creation. It is also seen as increasing investment; improving credit access; spurring innovation in financial products, such as mortgages and term lending; and developing a private real estate market. The reforms aim to reduce documentation requirements and fees for individuals purchasing and registering property, establish transparent site visit protocols and processing deadlines, develop a registry system of plot allocation and transactions, provide easier access to information in the registry, and create a data bank of property registries. The policy governing stamp duty will also be reviewed.
85. The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) has taken the lead in reforming its land registry system and privatizing state-owned land. So far, it has computerized all land records and, in the process, has uncovered significant forgeries of certificates of title and multiple ownerships. It is now validating more than 50,000 plots allocated over the past two decades. Once completed, the FCT will begin selling off public houses and land with the aim of spurring the development of a private real estate market. Comprehensive land reform will require a review of the 1978 Land Use Act and the full cooperation and participation of all state governors.
Financial infrastructure
86. Overall, the Nigerian financial system has not fostered stability or supported investment and economic development. The financial system is underdeveloped, and the level of financial intermediation, as reflected in a narrow M2/GDP ratio, low private sector credit/GDP ratio, and large share of cash transactions, is low. The use of credit cards and leasing arrangements is limited. A large segment of the banking system does not have access to bank credit, and most lending is short term in the form of collateralized overdrafts. Movables such as equipment, inventory, or receivables cannot be pledged as security. Long-term bank lending is not available, and the corporate bond market is inactive. Some larger, more established firms have access to equity financing through the Lagos Stock Exchange. The underdeveloped financial system and cash-driven economy reflect a host of factors:
- The banking system is unsound. Banks continue to be plagued by unsound balance sheets and weak governance practices. The quality of their balance sheets continues to be undermined by a high level of nonperforming loans and operational inefficiencies. The 2002 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) report noted that misreporting, systemic underprovisioning, widespread insider lending, and illegal transactions are common. Balance sheet weaknesses have also contributed to the large spread between deposit and lending rates, averaging about 20-25 percent. Weaknesses in the legal system and corporate governance further explain the high spread (see Box 2).
- The environment is a high-risk one. Banks' reluctance to supply loans to the real economy reflects the unstable macroeconomic environment, inefficiencies in the judicial system, and shortcomings in corporate governance practices (see Box 2). Governance problems explain in part the high volume of cash transactions and the limited use of credit cards, leasing arrangements, and supplier's credits.
- The central bank lacks autonomy and accountability. Except in 2004, monetary objectives have not been met owing to insufficient operational autonomy of the central bank and fiscal dominance.
- Shortcomings in the conduct of monetary policy have also undermined the development of the financial system. The extensive reliance on reserve requirements and the high liquid asset ratio (at 40 percent) serves as a tax on financial intermediation and has hampered money market development.
Figure 4.Nigeria: Financial Depth Broad Money (In percent of GDP), 2000-2004
Source: IFS, and staff estimates.
87. The 2002 FSAP also found shortcomings in the prudential and supervisory framework governing the banking system, in particular with regard to enforcement of regulations, consolidated banking supervision, and the supervision of the nonbanking system. In a number of areas, prudential regulations governing insider lending, including to shareholders, large exposure limits, loan classification, and provisioning were found to be inconsistent with international best practices.
88. The authorities, recognizing the importance of a sound and well-developed financial system for achieving the growth and poverty goals of the NEEDS, have launched a major reform to strengthen the banking system (see Box 3). More, however, will need to be done to spur financial intermediation. To encourage financial intermediation in a high-risk environment, several countries have reformed their collateral registry system to allow other pledges, such as receivables, firms' equipment or shares, and other movable property, to be used as collateral and have established public credit registries and a private credit bureau.55 Furthermore, corporate governance standards need to be strengthened in Nigeria. The national accounting, auditing, and reporting standards need to be brought in line with international best practices. Steeper penalties should be applied for misreporting and noncompliance. Standards governing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) should be strengthened and state-owned enterprises should comply with international accounting standards.
Box 2.Nigeria: Corporate Governance Practices
Sound corporate governance practices are essential building blocks for fostering a good investment climate. They help creditors and investors make informed decisions, help build confidence in the company, and reduce capital costs.
Corporate governance practices have been weak in Nigeria. Nigeria's company law, Companies and Allied Matters Act, Bank and Other Financial Institutions Act, and the Securities and Exchange Commission's listing requirements incorporate many sound corporate governance features. However, past banking and corporate failures point to major weaknesses in corporate governance. Key problems are inadequate enforcement of statutory standards and a lack of sanctions for wrongdoing.
The 2002 FSAP and the World Bank's 2004 Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) on accounting and auditing also found serious shortcomings in regulations, compliance, and enforcement of current national standards and rules. Their main findings were as follows:
- The SASs are not in line with current International Accounting Standards (IAS). The ROSC indicates that are 14 international standards where there are no equivalent local standards. For instance, SAS does not provide standards for financial statement preparation and presentation, impaired assets, related party disclosure, consolidating group accounting, and companies in agriculture.
- Special financial reporting requirements for small companies are weaker than SASs and insufficient. In many cases, financial statements of nonlisted companies and private companies are not available.
- Although the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board (NASB), the standards-issuing body, has the mandate to monitor and enforce compliance with SAS, it lacks the financial and human resources and the capacity to do so, and SAS updates have been infrequent.
- A national auditing standard does not exist. Auditors are advised to follow International Standards on Auditing), but generally deviate significantly from best practices.
- There are significant compliance gaps with standards, including manipulation of accounts, misreporting, and failure to disclose relationships with related parties, including local and overseas suppliers.
- Pecuniary sanctions for violation of filing requirements either have not been imposed or have been minimal. As a result, they have not served as an effective deterrent for wrongdoing. This in part reflects the weak judicial system which has discouraged regulators and other stakeholders from action taking against companies in violation of statutory standards.
- Ethical codes governing the auditing body are not in line with international best practices. Auditors have limited skills and capacity to do in-depth reviews and often knowingly sign inaccurate reports. While audit committees exist, committee members typically do not perform their function.
- The 2001 on-site safeguard assessment also found notable shortcomings in audit and accounting practices within the CBN, such as the retention of one audit firm for over 25 years, no oversight of the external audit process, and noncompliance with SAS.
Box 3.Nigeria: Authorities' Financial Sector Reform Strategy
- Increase the minimum capital base requirement to N25 billion at end-2005;
- Provide tax and other incentives to encourage banking consolidation; introduce a risk-focused and rules-based regulatory system;
- Improve banks' regulatory compliance and strengthen their corporate governance practices through adoption of a zero-tolerance policy;
- Develop an exit strategy for unsound banks;
- Strengthen supervision of the non-banking financial institutions, including insurances and community banks;
- Strengthen central bank autonomy and accountability;
- Improve corporate governance of banks and strengthen reporting requirements;
- Increase reliance on indirect instruments of monetary policy, thereby contributing to the development of the financial market;
- Remove the central bank as purchaser of government securities in the primary market and allow interest rates to clear the market;
- Unify the foreign exchange markets and lower burdensome foreign exchange regulations on banks.
C. Conclusion
89. The central challenge Nigeria faces is to create the broad-based conditions for rapid and sustained productivity growth in the private sector. Developments over the past 18 months and the development of NEEDS are evidence that Nigeria has turned the corner. NEEDS is appropriately focused on policies and reforms that will improve the investment climate and correct for past policy mistakes.
90. Far-reaching reforms are needed for Nigeria to achieve higher sustainable growth and attract foreign investment and technology. The growth experiences of China and India over the past decade or two can serve as an example for Nigeria. Their experiences show that higher per capita growth is attainable and that significant progress can be made in lowering poverty with appropriate policies and the right attitude. Both countries have liberalized their economies, opened them up to trade and foreign direct investment, and freed them from excessive government controls. They now rely primarily on private sector initiative to drive growth and innovation. The main challenge facing policymakers in Nigeria is to implement its reform agenda consistently over the medium term.
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Bleaney, M.Greenway D,2002 "The Impact of Terms of Trade and Real Exchange Rate Volatility on Investment and Growth in Sub-Saharan African", Journal of Development Economics, 65(2): 491:500.
Djankov, Simeon D.,LaPorta, R.Lopez De Silanes, F.,Shleifer, A.,2001, "The Regulation of Entry," World Bank Working Paper, No 2661. (Washington: World Bank).
Djankov, Simeon,McLiesh, C., Shleifer, A.,2005. "Private Credit in 129 Countries," NBER Working Paper No. 11078 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11078.Cambridge, M.
Morisset, Jacques and Neso, O.,2002"Administrative Barriers to Foreign Investment in Developing Countries,'" Foreign Investment Advisory Service (Washington: World Bank). 2004.
Soenderbom, Mans, and Teal, F.(2002), "The Performance of Nigerian Manufacturing Firms: Report on the Nigerian Manufacturing Enterprise Survey 2001," Center for the Study of African Economies,University of OxfordAugust2002.
Tahari, Amor, and Ghura, D., Akitoby. B., Brou, E.,2004, "Sources of Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa," IMF Working Paper. WP/O4/ (Washington: International Monetary Fund)
Weiss, John,1999. "Infrastructure and Economic Development," Economic Research Paper No. 50African Development Bank1999.
World Bank2002,"An Assessment of the Private Sector in Nigeria," The World Bank GroupSeptember2002 (Washington: World Bank).
World Bank,2003,"Nigeria Policy Options for Growth and Stability,"World Bank, Africa Region,June2003 (Washington: World Bank).
World Bank,2005,"Doing Business in 2005, World Bank, International Finance Corporation, and Oxford University Press (Washington: World Bank).
World Economic Forum,The African Competitiveness Report 2004, (Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum).
Prepared by Jeanne Gobat.
The NEEDS document can be found at http://www.nigerianeconomy.com.
Firm-level survey data were collected from about 232 manufacturing firms of all sizes, spread across nine sectors in Nigeria. This survey forms part of the World Bank's Regional Program on Enterprise Development Survey (RPED).
Unfortunately, significant data limitations make it very difficult to analyze factors affecting productivity in Nigeria. For example, investment is not broken down by private and public sector, or by non-oil versus oil, and few wage and employment data are available.
In 1960, Nigeria's per capita income was just 11 percent below Indonesia's and exceeded India's and China's by 24 and 57 percent, respectively. In forty years, Indonesia has achieved per capita income growth four times higher than Nigeria, and China and India have also surpassed Nigeria.
Nigeria was, in the 1960s, one of the largest exporters of cocoa, cotton, groundnuts, palm oil, and rubber and a net exporter of foodstuff. By the end of the 1990s, Nigeria had lost considerable export market share; imports of food products now account for about 10 percent of imports, and non-oil exports for about 5 percent of total exports.
The public sector's share of economic activity is probably much higher if one includes spending by state-owned enterprises.
Nigeria had restrictive foreign direct investment regulations until 1995. The passage of the 1995 decree by the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission eliminated discriminatory screening processes for foreign investment and allowed 100 percent foreign ownership of any business except those in the oil and gas sectors and in sectors deemed sensitive to national security.
It would be more accurate to calculate the TFP without the oil sector. Unfortunately, data for investment do not allow for such an analysis.
According to government reports, many of the capital projects were never completed. In addition, public investment may be overstated as some of the reported capital spending could be capital flight or private consumption.
This is a derived figure. Nigeria's Federal Office of Statistics provides overall investment.
standard growth accounting framework was used to derive these figures. The labor force will grow at 2.8 percent a year, and, typical for a standard Cobb-Douglas production function, labor's share was assumed to be 0.6 percent. Improvements in educational attainment are captured as part of total factor productivity growth. The depreciation rate of the capital stock was set at 6 percent. See Tahari and others (2004).
Although required by law, fiscal accounts, including those of state-owned enterprises, have not been audited and made publicly available on a timely basis, impairing the ability of parliament and the general public to monitor fiscal operations and hold public officials accountable.
Adequate and high-quality physical infrastructure is central to economic development. Studies have found that firms that have access to good infrastructure invest more and are more productive. See Weiss (1999).
Only 10 percent of rural households and 40 percent of the country's population have access to electricity. Poor power service also has serious implications for the attainment of the country's health and education goals. Unreliable power has made it difficult to refrigerate vaccines and operate hospitals and also prevents children from studying at night.
Mobile phones have started to make up for this shortcoming.
Foreign companies have to go through additional steps, including registering with the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC), which they must do every year in the state in which they will operate; provide background information on company officers, and proof of share capital deposited with a local bank; and provide information on training programs for local personnel. They also face a quota restriction in hiring expatriates.
Nigeria's bankruptcy laws (Bankruptcy Act of 1979) are based on U.K. laws. Corporate bankruptcies and the use of receiverships or administrators to manage businesses during reorganization or liquidation are not uncommon in Nigeria. Less common are personal bankruptcies.
When land is allocated, the recipient receives a certificate of occupancy for a period of up to 99 years. The certificate entitles the person, with the consent of the state governor, to sell, lease, or mortgage the land.
Credit registries are information-sharing institutions that make credit information on borrowers available to lenders. Studies find that in low-income countries public credit registries play a constructive role, and, where they have been introduced, credit to SMEs and households has expanded. See Djankov, McLeish, and Shleifer (2005).


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Shortcuts are not a part of our culture at JJCA. In fact, we are very proud of the fact that we go the extra mile to get things right. But if you know anything about Tim Morgan, this is one JJCA shortcut we found very newsworthy! After many years of sporting a long haircut that at times reached ponytail length, he has traded in on a much shorter cut - at least for Tim. (Of course he has also been clean-shaven in the past!)
Let's hair it for Tim!


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Also found in: Thesaurus, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
Pan·da·rus(păn′dər-əs) also Pan·dar (-dər)
1. The leader of the Lycians, slain by Diomedes in the Iliad.
2. The procurer of Cressida for Troilus in medieval romance.
1. (Classical Myth & Legend) Greek myth the leader of the Lycians, allies of the Trojans in their war with the Greeks. He broke the truce by shooting Menelaus with an arrow and was killed in the ensuing battle by Diomedes
2. (Classical Myth & Legend) (in medieval legend) the procurer of Cressida on behalf of Troilus
Pan•da•rus(ˈpæn dər əs)
a Lycian ally of Priam in the Trojan War: in medieval legend, the procurer of Cressida for Troilus.


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|Market Cap
|Price Graph (24h)
Amongst a growing as well as large crypto landscape, Litecoin rests near the leading as one of one of the most preferred electronic money readily available. With a market cap of $4.76 billion, Litecoin is the 6th most useful money readily available. Based upon the Bitcoin method yet releasing a unique hashing formula, Litecoin has actually located a residence amongst crypto lovers trying to find an extra structured choice to Bitcoin as well as various other large gamers.
Currently, the Litecoin Structure, a company charged with progressing the electronic money as well as advertising blockchain innovation, is revealing a collaboration with Cred, a California-based accredited lending institution. The news unites 2 large gamers in the crypto room, as well as it means to open up brand-new consumer-facing financial investment possibilities for Litecoin customers. k
As Dan Schatt, founder, as well as Chief Executive Officer of Cred, keeps in mind:
"We are pleased to companion with Litecoin Structure, among the earliest as well as most relied on names in the blockchain market. We anticipate sustaining the numerous Litecoin pocketbook owners with an extra clear, fair collection of monetary solutions we have actually constructed, many thanks to the improvement of blockchain innovations."
Certainly, the actual effects of any type of collaboration can be challenging to analyze, yet it might have an actual, substantial influence on both retail financiers as well as the Litecoin system itself.
Many plainly, Litecoin's collaboration with Cred presents LTC owners with a possibility to gain as much as 10% rate of interest on their electronic possessions. Individuals can access this attribute quickly by going to mycred.io/litecoin. The company means to utilize these funds to multiply Litecoin's growth, an intermittent procedure that can increase financier accounts while more developing the system's abilities.
Operating in 190 nations, Cred is the leading crypto-backed financing as well as loaning systems, as well as the news implies that Litecoin (LTC) owners have a brand-new chance to take advantage of their participation with the job. On top of that, the collaboration permits LTC customers to gain 10 percent rate of interest via a number of Cred companions, consisting of Litecoin Structure, Bitcoin.com, Uphold, as well as BitBuy. To do so, Litecoin customers devote to a six-month term as well as obtain regular monthly rate of interest settlements on their holdings.
At the end of a term, customers can surrender their vowed possessions for added terms. There is no account minimum to take part, as well as rate of interest is paid in fiat or cryptocurrency.
Discussing the brand-new collaboration, Litecoin owner Charlie Lee, was passionate concerning the money's connection with Cred as well as its capability to offer brand-new possibilities for Litecoin customers. He claimed:
"We're enjoyed be dealing with Cred as our monetary solutions companion, offering amongst one of the most affordable rates of interest on Litecoin."
This calculated collaboration develops a brand-new financial investment chance for Litecoin customers, yet it will certainly likewise bring brand-new performance to Litecoin's framework. Significantly, Litecoin is currently running its very own earning application powered by Cred, that carriers solutions referring to lawful, regulative, tax obligation, as well as funding market issues.
Furthermore, the financial investment chance builds on Litecoin's online reputation as a beneficial electronic property. Not just does it preserve its standing as a trusted settlement system with high liquidity, yet it currently has a significant financial investment element. Alan Austin, supervisor of the Litecoin Structure, attested this view, discussing that:
"Solid usage situations ought to be among one of the most essential factors to consider when reviewing cryptocurrency. Along with Litecoin's dependability, usage for settlements as well as superb liquidity, the capability to gain rate of interest at appealing prices via Cred's system even more enhances this usage instance. We are delighted to be dealing with Cred to offer this offering."
In numerous methods, the crypto community is built on calculated collaborations that move systems as well as solutions onward, as customers as well as financiers remain to try to find the very best as well as most qualified possibilities readily available.
Published In: Litecoin, Fostering, Collaborations
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Need help with how to talk to people who have a different view than you do? Watch/attend the Blessed are the Peacemakers workshop/webinar. Here's the flyer.
Call your Senator to support S. 1743 now. During this Season of Creation (September 1 – October 4), the U.S. Catholic community is calling for national and international climate action. Failure to act on the climate crisis will mean increased flooding, droughts, heatwave, loss of biodiversity, and sea-level rise. The most vulnerable – the poor, the elderly, children – will be the first and most impacted. Call your Senators and urge them to support S. 1743, the International Climate Accountability Act, a bipartisan bill co-sponsored by 46 Senators.
The International Climate Accountability Act calls upon the U.S. to remain a leader in the global efforts to address climate change. It asks the administration to develop and submit a plan that enables our nation to meet our commitments under the Paris Agreement, which our nation and 193 other nations signed. The agreement's central aim is to keep global temperatures from rising above 2 degrees Celsius and pursue efforts to limit to it to 1 1/2 degrees Celsius. The agreement is a major step by the world's nations to address the climate crisis and ensure a livable future for all peoples and our common home. On June 1, 2017, the president withdrew the U.S. from the Paris Agreement. Call your senators and ask them to support Senate Bill 1743.
Sometimes it feels like we are talking to the wind when we stress the importance of stopping the climate crisis. NCR's article "Americans are waking up: Two-thirds say climate crisis must be addressed" shows that we are not alone.
Two years ago, the administration attempted to dismantle the DACA program. Today no additional DACA applications are allowed. The Supreme Court will take up this issue on November 12th. Oral arguments for and against DACA will be made on that day. Please keep the DACA recipients in your prayers especially on that day. For more information, click here.
The Census Data for 2018 was released on September 10. Danilo Trisi from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities explains that many programs that the administration wants to cut actually "help improve children's chances of growing up healthier, doing better in school, and having higher expected future earnings." Read more here.
The Justice Blog talks about the impact of methane on the environment. For more information, read this article in the New York Times. Curbs on Methane, Potent Greenhouse Gas, to Be Relaxed in U.S.
David Dark suggests in American Magazine that we stop reacting to Mr. Trump and start responding. Given the fatigue associated with what's happening every day, this is a tall order. Read his blog here.
Cutting aid will not stop immigration. Stemming the tide of immigrants at the southern border requires work to eliminate or at least alleviate the root causes of the immigration – climate change, corruption, poverty. The administration froze aid to the triangle countries of Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvatore, effectively eliminating help and increasing a motivation to come to the U.S. Geoff Thale, vice president for programs at the Washington Office on Latin America a think tank stated "Nobody thinks these programs are going to magically stabilize Central America or reduce migration figures overnight. But cutting them off just increases people' vulnerability and can make a real difference in people' calculations to leave." This article from NPR describes what's happening in Guatemala as a result of cutting funding.


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How to Pick a Car Shipping Company
When shopping for car shipping companies, you should stick to one rule above all else. Do your research. Plain and simple. Find a company that is reliable, affordable, communicative, and makes it easy on you throughout the entire car shipping process. Aside from any property, you might own, your vehicles are likely your big investments. Whether you're a hobbyist, a vehicle owner moving to a different state, or an internet car shopper, transporting vehicles is a big undertaking that should be administered by professionals who know what they're doing. With so many auto transport companies selling themselves on the internet today, it can be difficult to differentiate the good ones from the bad ones. Start your research here.
Tips for Selecting the Best Auto Transport Company
As you begin sifting through your list of potential car shipping companies, there are a few good and bad signs you should know to look for. Being aware of these signs will be instrumental in helping you dismiss the bad auto transport companies and move forward with the good ones.
Signs of Good Auto Transport Companies
- Timeliness and professionalism. Choose a company that is known for their timeliness in both their drop offs and pick-ups. Read reviews to see what customers are saying about companies' scheduling, keeping in mind that not every transportation assignment is going to be perfectly on time with every order. Traffic doesn't always cooperate, and like smaller vehicles, freight trucks sometimes encounter complications. What separates good car shipping companies from bad ones is how they react when the schedule changes. A good company will contact you immediately when a change in schedule occurs; a bad one will leave you frustrated and wondering where they are at.
- Excellent customer service throughout the entire process. A car transportation company that has customer service representatives that are knowledgeable, friendly, and available to answer any of your questions at any stage of the transportation process is a valuable asset. Go with a company whose customer service representatives are able to contact their truckers so that you know exactly what's going on with the transportation of your precious cargo. Car transportation companies that give you the ability to speak with humans are always a better choice in terms of service.
- Comfortability with working on short-term deadlines. You don't want to wait weeks or months to finally get your car after buying it from a dealer in a different state. You want that car getting loaded up that same day — the next day at the very latest — so choosing car shipping companies with large, high-functioning fleets is recommended for anyone who wants to make sure that their car is getting on the road in a matter of hours instead of weeks.
Signs of Bad Auto Transport Companies
- Upselling you on extras that you don't need (or shouldn't need). If you're looking to transport a standard car that's not exotic or highly valuable, then you don't need to spend extra money on an enclosed trailer. Steer clear of auto transportation companies that try to make you purchase additional insurance on top of the base charges, just to make sure that your vehicle is extra safe. That insurance should be included in the base price. Period. No questions asked.
- Inability to adapt to difficult circumstances. If every single car shipping order was exactly the same, then you probably wouldn't need to do much research before shipping your car, because any of the scores of car transport companies out there could do the job decently. But that's not the way auto transportation works. Much of car shipping involves changing circumstances. The best in the business know how to navigate small city streets and scheduling changes, tight corners, and unique customers. Make sure the company you choose has a track record of success when shipping to and from your target areas, as well as a long list of strong reviews from past clients.
Direct Express Auto Transport: The Right Choice for Your Vehicles
With an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau and a 94% 5-star review rating on Trustpilot, our team here at Direct Express Auto Transport is among the best car shipping companies in the country. Safe, fast, straightforward, and affordable, we've helped thousands nationwide successfully ship their vehicles. Take the guessing, stress, second-guessing out of transporting your precious vehicle with our simple and easy-to-use Car Transport Quote Calculator to see how truly affordable shipping your vehicle with us can be. You shouldn't have to sacrifice reliability, professionalism, and expert service for an affordable price tag on shipping. With our team here at Direct Express Auto Transport, you will be able to get your car safely and efficiently from point A to B without having to break the bank.
No matter what type of car you're shipping, our passionate and professional drivers are here to help deliver your vehicle quickly and painlessly. Compared with competing car shipping companies, our customer service is simply unrivaled, and we have one of the most intuitive, user-friendly interfaces out there. Follow our simple 5-step process starting with an initial quote and finishing with your car safely showing up on your driveway. If you're searching for auto transport companies, your search starts and ends here.


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I checked. Visser is a highly regarded manufacturer of ambulances and
other specialized emergency vehicles. See Medical Equipment Manufacturer in Leeuwarden, friesland (Netherlands). Their website has pictures of many different vehicles (Mercedes, VW, etc.) but no Cadillacs at this time.
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District One Inc. presents Playhaus HTX Pop Up Art Gallery
Many events have been canceled or postponed due to coronavirus concerns. Please check with the organization before going to any event.
District One Inc. presents its newest pop-up gallery, Playhaus HTX. The disruptive and immersive pop-up art experience aims to bring street art to the modern gallery, for a limited run. Unlike other exhibits in town, the gallery's 11 installations and various hand-painted murals were created by Houston artists for Houston locals. Playhaus HTX takes guests through a variety of concepts and rooms, where modern art meets street art where the artists, with the hopes of opening the eyes of visitors to visualize what they feel conceptually into a piece of art that is tangible and memorable.
Event Details
Playhaus HTX Pop Up Art Gallery
2409 Commerce St.
Houston, TX 77003
2409 Commerce St.
Houston, TX 77003
Ticket Info
$25 for kids 3-12, $38 for adults; free for kids 2 and under.
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What's Nearby
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The Sam Bar 0.84 miles
Talento Bilingüe de Houston 0.34 miles
Houston Astros 0.51 miles
Warehouse Live 0.56 miles
Westin Houston Downtown 0.67 miles
Alden Hotel (now The Sam Houston Hotel) 0.84 miles
The Sam Houston Hotel 0.84 miles
Health + Beauty
Spa at the Four Seasons 0.92 miles
Sunset Body Works 0.99 miles
Etheria Salon and Day Spa 3.12 miles
Tipping Point 0.99 miles
WeWork Houston downtown 1.01 miles
Houston Pavilions 1.11 miles


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Support your meditation, yoga practice, and your soul on your Mandala Sky yoga mat.
*Preorder now for delivery in May, 2020. Your mat will ship with a FREE Supported Soul sweat towel (value $25)*
Suitable for beginners to professionals.
Size: 187cm x 61cm x 3.5mm
Weight: 4 lbs
Designed in Vancouver, Canada.


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Managing the consumer-based brand equity process: A cross-cultural perspective
For which, marketers have been considering adopting green and social marketing strategies. It certainly calls for more research attention. This special issue is such an attempt to highlight the green behavior and sustainability related issues from different cultural perspectives. We welcome submissions that can represent different methods.
These include but are not limited to conceptual as well as empirical papers qualitative as well as quantitative. Conceptual papers will generate more ideas about the issue and will assist the reader to think further, whereas, empirical papers will provide specific research outcomes based on testable hypotheses. We also are interested in research based on compelling case studies single or multiple cases.
We invite you to submit original papers, which are neither published, nor currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. We encourage authors to submit their contributions in above-mentioned topics, or other pertinent emerging and important topics to diversify and widen research in sustainable marketing in global markets.
The guest editors intend to bring out through the Special Issue certain set of academic contribution that is relevant in sustainable marketing in global context for marketing researchers, policy-makers and market practitioners.
The first page must contain the title, author s and contact information of the corresponding author. All papers submitted for publication consideration in the Special Issue will be double-blind reviewed, following the review process guidelines of the Journal of Global Marketing. Visit Journal Articles.
Sustainable Consumption:
Join the Conversation! Share you Research with the Journal of Global Marketing. Deadline: 1 December Sustainable Consumption: A Global Perspective The focus of the special issue is on understanding sustainability and green aspects of recent day consumers. Svend-Erik Skaaning, Lehmann, Woodside, Arch G. You can help correct errors and omissions.
Review and future directions of cross-cultural consumer services research
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:vyip See general information about how to correct material in RePEc. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dana Niculescu.
If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. The coverage in this book is interdisciplinary in nature, and the chapters discuss several constructs intermediary variables, processes, and also other environmental influences related to social, personal, and psychological components or consequences of culture.
Review and future directions of cross-cultural consumer services research - Semantic Scholar
The book begins with a conceptual model of the effect of culture on consumer behavior, with the components and consequences of the cultural influences clearly identified in terms of social, personal, and psychological factors. The following chapters discuss general issues related to globalization and standardization, present conceptual approaches to propositions relating to multicultural contexts, and address consumer complaining behavior and responses to advertising.
There are five chapters on empirical and methodological studies conducted in specific pairs of countries, with data obtained from Canada, Denmark, Japan, Germany, Poland, Romania, and the United States.
Search all titles. Search all titles Search all collections.
Related Global Perspectives in Cross-Cultural and Cross-National Consumer Research
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Happy Friday! Is it just me or did this week fly by?! It wasn't much busier than usual but boy the time sure did pass quickly. The weather finally seems to be cooperating (we'll see how long it lasts!) and it is really starting to feel like fall. The chilly, rainy weather has me craving … Read More
Showing all posts tagged cooking
Tuesday Tangents
Well hello, last week of September! It sure doesn't feel like fall is upon us because we've been having some ridiculous summer weather. It's been a while since I've shared some of the randomness from around here so I've got some tangents for you. Like I said, the weather has been absolutely RIDICULOUS. I was … Read More
Thursday Thoughts
Happy Thursday! It seems that Thursdays are the day of the week when I am always the most boring.. I always run out of things to write about by Thursday, and of course Thursday is the only day of the week that doesn't have some creative, generic title to go along with it. My phone … Read More
Ten Things Tuesday
Happy Tuesday, friends! It is so nice to be back and settled at home again. Vacations sure are awesome, but they always remind me how much I love my routines. After a week or so with no routine I started to feel unsettled and anxious, feeling like I should be getting something done. I took … Read More
Running Rambles
This week I finished up day 16 and 17 of waking up to workout before work. Then yesterday I headed out for 5 miles in the gorgeous sunshine! I have to say that working out in the morning has been great, but I sure miss seeing the sun in the afternoon and hitting the pavement … Read More


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The average hourly pay for an Early-Career Warehouse Manager in Buffalo, New York is $18.00.
Is Warehouse Manager your job title? Find out what you should be paid
Use our tool to get a personalized report on your market worth.What's this?
Hourly Rate
$0 - $18
$0 - $2,000
Total Pay
$36,945 - $40,445
Find your market worth – how it works:
Tell us about your job and pay factors like skills and education
Find your market worth with a report tailored to you
Negotiate your pay with confidence
What Do Warehouse Managers Do?
A warehouse manager has many responsibilities, all of which consist of maintaining and receiving equipment. A warehouse manager must also supervise the staff of the warehouse, along with working with them to complete tasks. The job duties a warehouse manager is responsible for include complying with federal, state, and local warehousing.
Other tasks that must be completed deal with coordinating tasks, enforcing programs, safeguarding the warehouse, and controlling inventory levels, conducting…Read more
Warehouse Manager Tasks
- Manage warehouse staff.
- Monitor and improve shipping procedures to maximize shipping effectiveness and efficiency.
- Manage physical inventory and communicate inventory levels to staff and sales force.
- Schedule and coordinate shipments to all warehouses.
- Coordinate unloading of shipping containers, organizing and maintaining supplies.
Warehouse Manager Job Listings
Search for more jobs
What Are Popular Skills for Warehouse Managers?
Avg. Hourly Rate
7 responses
7 responses
6 responses
5 responses
Skills that pay less than market rate include Operations Management, Shipping, People Management and Inventory Control.
What is the Pay by Experience Level for Warehouse Managers?
A mid-career Warehouse Manager with 5-9 years of experience earns an average total compensation (includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay) of $15.98 based on 5 salaries. An experienced Warehouse Manager with 10-19 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $19.00 based on 7 salaries. In their late career (20 years and higher), employees earn an average total compensation of $0.
Pay Difference by Location
Learn more about cost of living by city.
Employees with Warehouse Manager in their job title in Seattle, Washington earn an average of 1.6% more than the national average. The lowest salaries can be found in Atlanta, Georgia (13.2% less), Los Angeles, California (12.7% less) and San Diego, California (8.3% less).
Years of Experience
This data is based on 17 survey responses.
Mid Career
Late Career
Related Job Salaries
$29k - $55k
$33k - $68k
$41k - $103k
$33k - $71k
$28k - $53k
$48k - $112k
$38k - $78k
$35k - $69k
$47k - $94k
$41k - $85k


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Shoaib Malik, the former Pakistan skipper crafted a unique record by hitting Babar Azam for 6 sixes in an over. This spectacular display of batting was exhibited by Shoaib Malik in a charity match held for the foundation 'Hope Not Found'
Image Source: IB Times India
Shoaib Malik was playing for Shahid Afridi's Foundation Red Team and Babar Azam was playing for Shahid Afridi's Foundation Green Team. It was a 10 over match and the seventh over of Red's innings which went for 36 helped their score to reach 210 in 10 overs.
It was surprising to see Babar Azam come in for bowling the seventh over. Babar Azam bowls off spin and he was just decimated by Shoaib Malik all across the park as he took some serious beating by Malik's willow.
Despite hitting 6 sixes an over and posting a mammoth total, the Reds lost the game as in response to their 210, Babar Azam hit a 26 ball century with 11 sixes. Babar Azam surely took his revenge nicely and with interest.
The winning runs were hit by Shahid Afridi to see the SAF Green team home. It was only recent that Pakistan's coach compared Babar Azam, the 23 year old batting sensation from Pakistan with Virat Kohli.
Babar Azam however did not like the competition and said that Kohli's the number 1 batsman by all means.
Here is the video:


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Aspire Puxos Mod
Brand: Aspire
Product Code: Aspire-Puxos-Mod
Availability: In StockPrice: £43.99
Available Options
* Color:
Aspire Puxos Mod
Aspire now brings you the ultimate in mod adaptability and flexibility. Introducing the new Puxos mod. It allows for use with three different battery types, an 18650, a 20700 or a 21700. The Puxos can also be used in various modes, allowing you to select between Wattage, Voltage, Bypass, CPS (C1/C2/C3), TC(Ni/Ti/SS316L) and TCR(M1/M2/M3).
Side Panels/ Battery covers
Not only is it flexible in terms of battery type, now Aspire has gone even further by providing a full 14 different color and style options.
A very portable mod that is comfortable to hold thanks to its rounded sides and corners, fits equally well in purse or pocket. With a wattage output of 80 watts with an 18650 battery to an output of 100 watts with the 20700 or 21700 battery
Get it Here: Aspire Puxos Mod Removable Side Panels
Choose from 14 different styles and finishes, from plain colors to contemporary designs, 'snap on' magnetic side panels/ battery covers, are fully interchangeable and available to purchase separately to truly customize your mod depending on your own style or even mood. Choose from plain colors black, silver, white, blue, gold, red and pink.
You could even mix and match your side panels for a cool funky look.
Components view
Battery Installation
Remove the magnetic side panel and insert the battery of your choice, an 18650 (use the supplied adapter), a 20700 or a 21700. Insert the battery negative post up as seen in the diagram and replace the side panel.
Dual output modes
* when using an 18650 battery, it must be mounted in the supplied adapter.
* When using a 20700 battery, select the same output as 21700 battery.
Puxos Mod Safety Features
The Puxos kit comes with all the safety features that Aspire is famous for.
Charging couldn't be easier, just attach the supplied micro usb cable to the charging port and attach to a power supply. When you connect your Puxos mod to the charger the screen will display a growing battery icon. When the battery charge reaches 4.2V or is fully charged, the mod will stop charging and the screen will remain off. The maximum charging rate is 2 amps.
Package Contents
1* Puxos mod / 1* USB Cable / 1* Warning card / 1* User manual / 1* Warranty card / 1* 18650 battery adapter preinstalled
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