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A Look Back at 2017, in Blog Posts.
On this last day of 2017, I thought it would be fun to look back over the year at what has been going on in my life and sharing some of my favourite as well as most popular blog posts with you.
As some of you may know, I had another blog Edwina's Episodes, which had just reached its 3 year anniversary. I was proud of how I had built that blog up, and the number of people who enjoyed it and interacted with me. Well, at the beginning of October, I decided that I could no longer use it as there were so many technical problems with it (mostly from me buggering about with it). Sadly, the site was down more than it was up and I even managed to get myself locked out of it, as well as delete most of it, so it has been retired for good now.
Luckily, I had already set up this blog in my own name, mainly for writing my poems, but as I ended up posting everything on the other blog anyway, it got rather abandoned! It is now fully up and running, but of course, does not have as much content on it, although I am doing my best to rectify that. I won't be able to link to all of the posts I wanted to over the past year as they are on the other blog, but I have brought some posts over here, and you can click on the links to read them.
Anyway, back to 2017. Starting the year, I was anxiously awaiting getting accepted for a university to study for a BSc in Adult Nursing. After a series of tests and interviews, I finally got the news I was waiting for on my birthday in February that I was accepted, and started in April as a Student Nurse. Being a 'mature student' was harder than I expected mainly because I have quite a lot of experience in nursing already, but I have to apply it from a different perspective!
As far as blogging was concerned, I decided to introduce my video poems on a Monday as a feature, and team up with Sandra Dorey from Wild Daffodil blog to take part in her #Sillysaturday posts. It started with her making these beautiful little figures out of pebbles, flowers and stones and me telling her that it would be fun if they had a little story to go with them. Sandra suggested a poem would be a good way of telling their story and our collaboration was born! I have to say, I am absolutely loving it and really hope that we will continue this in 2018. My favourite character so far has got to be Maggie the lap dancer.
This all leads to Sandra actually getting some greetings cards printed, some with her artwork on, and some with both her artwork and my poem. What a thrill it was to receive a special package from Daffy, especially as those cards are such excellent quality too.
Throughout the year, I tried to embark on a healthier lifestyle, joining the gym and also trying to adopt a healthier diet. I appreciate that this is still a work in progress but it is something that I am keen to continue in 2018. Hopefully, I will be able to stop myself snacking whilst writing assignments and comfort eating when it all gets too stressful! I will keep you posted of course, on my endeavours.
I wanted to nurture my blog a little more, (before I ended up breaking it) and decided that I needed a little help with some aspects of Social Marketing and Pinterest in particular. I contacted the lovely Suzie from Suzie Speaks who as I am sure many of you know, is a successful Media Management Consultant and she helped me to grow my Pinterest account followers and views substantially and gave me some fantastic advice to boot! Thankfully, she was there to help out when it all went pear-shaped with my Edwina's Episodes blog too.
Towards the end of the year, I was thrilled to see that my Halloween and Christmas limericks went down really well with everyone. What really made my day though, was when I actually had requests to write limericks about an elf and a mince-pie! That is what I love so much about the blogging community, the interaction that we have. As yet I do not have a particular feature in mind for 2018, but perhaps I could do something like that. Any ideas would be welcome.
Finally, I would just like to thank all of you so much for reading my blog, especially to those of you still with me despite all the glitches, hitches and cock-ups that happened throughout the year. Your friendship and support mean the world to me. I look forward to seeing what 2018 brings for us, and I wish you all a Happy New Year!!
A bit of British Humour
I read a post a short time ago by the wonderful Debby where she used a writing prompt from a journal she bought. This inspired me to buy my own but on a totally different subject (mine is all about cultivating joy and well-being).
The prompt for yesterday was to write a joke. Hmmm, I am not good at jokes, unless they are very rude or very silly. I love the 'knock knock' jokes, and the 'what do you call?' ones. As in:
'What do you call a man with a shovel on his head?' Answer: Doug!
'What do you call a man without a shovel on his head?' Answer: Douglas!! (it's all in the pronunciation)!
I won't bore you with any others as they are really old jokes and not that funny unless you are me, who finds them hilarious!
Anyway, I decided that as I couldn't tell any jokes I would talk a little about British humour instead.
The first thing that springs to mind is the fact that we love innuendo, double entendre, and a good pun (or even a bad pun, anything goes)! The 'Carry On Films' are a veritable feast if you like that kind of thing, with their silly storylines, and crazy character names such as a surgeon named Dr Carver, and a young doctor called Dr Nookey ( a British euphemism for sex). I'm thinking this must have had an early subconscious influence on my choice of career! They always had such fun in the hospitals in these films.
The Sun Newspaper loves puns and innuendoes too, and they have had some famous (or infamous) headlines over the years. For example, when Elton John and David Furnish married, their headline was 'Elton Takes David Up The Aisle' and 'How Do You Solve A Problem Like Korea' which needs no explanation!
Sarcasm features pretty heavily in our humour armoury too and it is always appreciated whenever we hear it. Comments like' I'm returning your nose, dear, I found it in my business' and one (of many) from Winston Churchill ' I may be drunk, Miss, but in the morning I will be sober and you will still be ugly!' Another favourite is when parents say things like, 'I think you have forgotten to put a skirt on' or 'can you plaster on any more makeup?' to their teenaged daughters when they are going out!
This can get a bit confusing though as sometimes we say something straight-faced but mean the exact opposite, such as 'Oh, lovely' it's raining again, I can't wait to go out in it!' or even worse. 'Yes, green is definitely your colour' when it is obvious that it looks hideous!Mind you, it could be worse if they went the whole hog and said that 'green is definitely your colour, it matches your complexion!'
One of my favourite types of humour is the observational kind. We have several comedians who are brilliant at this, Michael McIntyre and Peter Kaye are so good at turning the ordinary situations into massive belly laughs!
We have a fixation about class too, and that often comes out in our humour. There was a famous Monty Python Sketch that they showed us at Uni about the British Class system which you can see here.
I suppose our most common type of humour is the self-deprecating type, of the hapless idiot always messing things up. We do love to put ourselves down, then have a major complex if anyone agrees with us. What a mixed-up lot we are!
I hope I have managed to give you some laughs despite the rubbish jokes at the beginning!
Are We Too Clean?
You may remember some time ago I wrote about my mum's attitude that 'A little bit of dirt never killed anybody'. This was in regards to her cavalier disregard for sell-by dates.kitchen cleanliness and other such pleasantries!
To add to this, I remember only having a bath once a week (on a Sunday night fresh for school on Monday), and it was either in with my younger sister, or somebody else's second-hand water! We didn't think anything of it really at that time, as we still washed, just didn't bathe!
Of course, becoming teenagers was a whole new ballgame. We were never out of the bathroom! Mum would be vexed that we would only wear our clothes once and then chuck them in the wash. Apart from underwear, she was convinced that our clothes still had another day or two left in them before they got dirty enough to warrant washing.
She thought we were crazy washing our hair every day as well, telling us that it 'would wash all the goodness out of it'. We still did it anyway, and got through a job lot of shampoo and conditioner along the way.
According to a survey of 2021 women commissioned by Flint + Flint (A skin care company) four out of five women still don't bother to shower every day, and in fact one-third will go for three days without washing at all. Phewwwww, I bet things get a bit whiffy around the nethers. How gross!
Like most women I know, I bathe every day, and many times more often than that. I would never dream of going to work without first bathing, which is one of the reasons I get up so early. In my opinion, it is not just about personal pride, but consideration for others as well. I have to get pretty close to my patients, and I am sure they would not want to be a couple of inches from an unwashed armpit – or worse!
By the same token,when I worked in a hospital, we would wash our patients every day, for their self-respect and dignity as well as the obvious infection control measures. Most of us actually feel better when we are clean, with washed hair and fresh clothes.
I am not averse to a bit of dirt either. Kids like to play in the mud and get filthy, as it is so much fun. I think if we obsessively clean everything to within an inch of its life, then we run the risk of not building up any resistance, and catching everything going! It is about balance and common sense.
Are we too clean or should we leave it 3 days between washes?
Welcome To Everyone From Edwina's Episodes
I would just like to give a huge, warm welcome to everyone that has come over here from Edwina's Episodes. I am so very sad to have to let that go, especially as I had built up such a huge community there, but I am hoping to continue my blogging friendships her now.
I will still be writing about the kind of things that I did before, anecdotes and funny stories, as well as my quest for a healthier lifestyle. Of course there will be poems, well rhymes and maybe the odd limerick or two and perhaps I will continue with the haiku writing that I enjoy.
I still intend to collaborate with my lovely friend Sandra from Wild Daffodil blog with her fantastic shell and pebble families which I have been writing some poems for.
Although I am not going to bring the entire blog over here, (in case it self-destructs), I have decided that I will publish a few of my latest posts that were on Edwina's Episodes. This blog hasn't been active for a while and I would like to have something here that I have written recently, and something for people to read whilst I establish this blog.
Thanks to all of you that have put up with the glitches and Gremlins that happened during the last few weeks, and most of all, thank you for sticking with me! I really appreciate it.
Writer's Quote Wednesday Writing Challenge: Passion
Ronovan has given us 'passion' this week for his and Colleen's Writer's Quote Challenge.' A very strong word indeed, and I can't wait to get stuck into this one! Here is the quote that I have chosen:
Light yourself on fire with passion and people will come from miles to watch you burn.
– John Wesley
The older that I'm getting
The more passionate I've become
Life has much more potential
Than being boring and humdrum
When buying something from a shop
It really is a farce
When the assistant is sulky and sullen
With a face like a smacked arse!
Yet someone bright and bubbly
Who greets me with a smile
and enjoys the job they are doing
Will make my trip worthwhile!
A sportsman with no passion
Will never win the game
He has to feel excitement
And his soul should be inflamed
The different types of artists
So ardent about their craft
Each work contains their sweat and tears
And many years of long hard graft!
What about our love lives?
Wouldn't it be a bore
Just going through the motions
As if it were a chore
We need to show our passion
In everything we do,
If others see your enthusiasm
They will feel it too!
Writer's Quote Wednesday Writing Challenge – Believe
I am a little late with the Writer's Challenge this week, which is hosted by Colleen and Ronovan, but as always the prompt word is an inspirational one! We have 'believe' to work with, and despite finding several quotes that almost say what I wanted, they weren't quite right, so I've thought up my own!
When others believe in you, it spurs you on; when you believe in yourself, then you can truly achieve your dreams
-Judy Martin 2016.
Sometimes I lacked the confidence
To try out something new
Despite a burning ambition
To make my dreams come true
With so many things, I wanted to do
Yet being afraid to try
Meant that I was getting nowhere
And time was passing me by
I couldn't pass my driving test
No matter how many times I tried
I was stuck in a dreadful marriage
Where all I did was cried
I felt I was a failure
As I didn't do so well at school
I was never going to be anyone
Just some silly little fool!
BUT those times are far behind me
I have turned my life around
And it is due in many ways
To all the support, I found.
I was suddenly encouraged
To take my driving test
Instead of doing it covertly
And feeling extremely stressed!
I had my lovely family to turn to
When I finally got the divorce
I actually went to University
And passed my two year course
My biggest wish came true
When I gave birth to a girl
She was a longed for baby
And brightened up my world
My blogging friends have played a part
In helping me succeed
This led to me publishing a book
Something I never thought I'd see
But the outcome of it all
is that everything I have achieved
Has been with help from others
And the fact that in myself I believed!
Writer's Quote Wednesday Writing Challenge – Hope
This week Ronovan has given us the lovely prompt word 'hope' for his and Colleen's Writer's Quote Challenge.
The quote I have chosen is particularly apt in so many ways….
I don't think of all the misery, but of the beauty that still remains.
– Anne Frank
When rain blocks out the sunshine
And dampens down the day
A rainbow shows its colours
And brightens up the grey
The night sky so foreboding
Shadowy and dark
The moon and stars start playing
Causing illuminating sparks
A young family on the breadline
Trying to make ends meet
Dad has bought some sweets home
Just to give them a little treat
The little boy with cancer
Who is struggling to survive
His parents treasure every day
Their precious son is alive
A woman longing for a baby
Who has tried for so many years
Then her prayers are answered
As the thin blue line appears
Wars and terror divide us
We need unity, hope and faith
Together, we can make a difference
To make this world a better place


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On November 5, 2019, the Alameda County Court in Alameda County Case #RG19002032 granted Bay Area Receivership's Request to fund the initial Receiver's Certificate with an additional $60,000.
This additional $60,000 will be used to clean any outstanding violations at 1270 64th Street, Emeryville, California 94608 and ready it for sale to a responsible owner. Also, in the Court's Order the Receiver's First Report, and all actions taken to date at the Property were approved.

subset: commoncrawl


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Inspection of Piezoceramic Transducers Used for Structural Health Monitoring
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str., 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: M.H. Ferri Aliabadi, Zahra Sharif Khodaei and Dirk Lehmhus
Materials 2017, 10(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10010071
Received: 14 September 2016 / Revised: 24 December 2016 / Accepted: 5 January 2017 / Published: 16 January 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Structural Health Monitoring for Aerospace Structures)
The use of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) for structural health monitoring (SHM) purposes is state of the art for acousto-ultrasonic-based methods. For system reliability, detailed information about the PWAS itself is necessary. This paper gives an overview on frequent PWAS faults and presents the effects of these faults on the wave propagation, used for active acousto-ultrasonics-based SHM. The analysis of the wave field is based on velocity measurements using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV). New and established methods of PWAS inspection are explained in detail, listing advantages and disadvantages. The electro-mechanical impedance spectrum as basis for these methods is discussed for different sensor faults. This way this contribution focuses on a detailed analysis of PWAS and the need of their inspection for an increased reliability of SHM systems. View Full-Text
Keywords: piezoelectric transducers; piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS); electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) spectrum; fault detection; diagnosis►▼ Show Figures
Graphical abstract
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Mueller, I.; Fritzen, C.-P. Inspection of Piezoceramic Transducers Used for Structural Health Monitoring. Materials 2017, 10, 71.
AMA StyleShow more citation formats Show less citations formats
Mueller I, Fritzen C-P. Inspection of Piezoceramic Transducers Used for Structural Health Monitoring. Materials. 2017; 10(1):71.Chicago/Turabian Style
Mueller, Inka; Fritzen, Claus-Peter. 2017. "Inspection of Piezoceramic Transducers Used for Structural Health Monitoring." Materials 10, no. 1: 71.
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Interpersonal Leadership:Communication
"Exchanging Personal Meanings: An Overview" (SL#42)
by Lloyd Elder, Th.D., adapted from SkillTrack® 7.3 - Interpersonal Communications
Interpersonal communication is commonly defined as a message sent by a person to a receiver (or receivers) with a conscious intent of affecting the receiver's behavior.
Two Views of Communication
In an article on abacon.com web site, there is a description of interpersonal communication as either contextual or developmental.
These concepts enlarge our use and application of interpersonal communication
in ministry roles.
Your Communication Practice
What kind of communicator are you now as you go about your life and leadership? How much do you enjoy the benefits of interpersonal communication? According to one resource, J. L. Bledsoe, Training (Mar. 1976), pp. 18-21, and supported by other authorities, there are four communication styles based on two contrasting behaviors. The two behaviors are:
Four communication styles (Bledsoe, pp.18-21):
Which of these four styles is your dominant communication behavior? Although each style description is concise, put yourself in the picture and see if you want to make a change in your style:
____ Driver--highly assertive: even directive in expressing your own thoughts; tends toward being demanding and controlling.
____ Amiable--highly responsive: primarily concerned about the feelings of others; not expressive of your own thoughts, and not very task/results oriented.
____ Analytical--low assertiveness and responsiveness: internal "mulling over" issues with little or no expression, or interchange, or action.
____ Expressive--high assertiveness and responsiveness: concern for both, actively expressing yourself but also eliciting and caring for the feelings of others; task and people oriented.
The research materials present still other styles of communication, but
these four are a helpful summary.
SkillTrack® Study Abstracts
The following three abstracts are included in the 7.3 CD-ROM Support Materials, and printed here as additional study to enlarge the scope, concepts, and practices included in the articles from this series.
Study Abstract of Communication Skills:
Clearly Making a Difference
from SkillTrack® Vol. 6 by Johnnie C. Godwin with Lloyd Elder
The following is taken from the table of contents of a text/workbook focusing
primarily on churchwide communication functions and practices; however, it could
be valuable for interpersonal communications practices.
Course Objective:
Course Content:
Section I - Communication Cause and Effect
Section II - Ten Communication Commandments
Section III - Communication Considerations
Section IV - Communications As Marketing
Study Abstract of "Strategies for
Change: Education/ Communication"
from Section VII of Change Leaders in Ministry: Shaping the Mountain of Change
SkillTrack® Vol. 8 by Lloyd Elder (pp. 46-52)
Study Abstract of "Communication
Model for Transforming Conflict"
from Section VII of Transforming Conflict: There is Life Beyond Church Conflict
SkillTrack® Vol. 9 by Lloyd Elder (pp. 37-39)
1. Review Communication Basics
2. Redefine the Conflict/Issues
3. Analyze Miscommunications
4. Get Your Message Right
5. Choose Clear Channels
6. Minimize Communication Barriers
7. Learn to Listen, Receive the Message
8. Respond to Feedback
9. Put Your Promises into Deeds
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© 2006 servantleaderstoday.com; hosted and
copyrighted by Lloyd Elder & Associates, Inc.
For full citation of referenced works, see Bibliography/Links at www.servantleaderstoday.com
Adapted by Lloyd Elder, Th.D., Founding Director, Moench Center for Church Leadership


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The travelling exhibition "Our Urban Living Room" has been shown at the Danish Architecture Center (DAC) in Copenhagen, Denmark, at Laituri in Helsinki, Finland and at Aedes Architecture Gallery in Berlin, Germany.
The exhibition was first developed for the Danish Architecture Center (DAC) in Copenhagen and the huge wooden bookshelf that makes up the exhibition structure was inspired by the timber structure of the old warehouse that was the exhibition venue.
and urban democracy
The exhibition is divided into seven areas, each with its own theme based on specific Cobe projects that tell a story about Copenhagen's architectural development.
The exhibition offers unique insight into Cobe's working methods with creative options and sketch models in abundance.
urban living rooms
Helsinki 2018
The Helsinki exhibition hall Laituri invited the visitors to step into Cobe's giant cubic bookcase, which contained models, images, text, drawings and many other exhibits that the exhibition visitors could climb into, touch and listen to.
The Laituri edition of the exhibition differs from the 2016 exhibition at the Danish Architecture Center in that it compares Cobe's projects in Copenhagen with current and future projects in Helsinki.


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An obituary on Friday about David Carr, a media columnist for The New York Times, included an outdated description of his wife's profession. Jill Rooney Carr is now the international operations manager for Shake Shack; she is no longer an event planner.
Because of an editing error, an article on Friday about Lindsey Vonn's performance in the giant slalom at the Alpine skiing world championships referred incorrectly in some copies to her boyfriend Tiger Woods's availability to the news media at the event. Reporters were not given access to speak to him; it is not the case that he was available.
An Associated Press report in the N.B.A. roundup on Thursday about the Atlanta Hawks' loss to the Boston Celtics misstated, in some copies, the Hawks' record over a recent stretch. They had lost three of their past six games, not four of seven.
A Sports of The Times column on Thursday about Jackie Robinson West, a Little League team that was stripped of its national title because it used ineligible players, misstated, in some copies, the day that Alex Rodriguez apologized to the Yankees for his own transgressions, which included a suspension for using performance-enhancing drugs. It was Tuesday — the day before Jackie Robinson West lost its title — not Wednesday.
An obituary on Wednesday about the singer Anita Darian misstated the surname of the composer of "Concerto for Kazoo and Orchestra," for which Ms. Darian played the kazoo in her debut at Carnegie Hall. He is Mark Bucci, not Buzzi.
An obituary in some editions on Thursday about Christophe Gbenye, a radical nationalist whose rebel warriors seized control of eastern Congo in 1964, misspelled the given name of a former prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo. He is Antoine Gizenga, not Antione.
The Times welcomes comments and suggestions, or complaints about errors that warrant correction. Messages on news coverage can be e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.com or left toll-free at 1-888-NYT-NEWS (1-888-698-6397). Comments on editorials may be e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.com or faxed to (212) 556-3622.
Readers dissatisfied with a response or concerned about the paper's journalistic integrity may reach the public editor at firstname.lastname@example.com or (212) 556-7652.
For newspaper delivery questions: 1-800-NYTIMES (1-800-698-4637) or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com.


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- Hypothyroidism – Underactive Thyroid Natural Treatment
- Symptoms of Underactive Thyroid
- Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Natural Hypothyroid Treatment
- The Role of Nutrients in Natural Hypothyroid Treatment
- Underactive Thyroid Treatment
- Hypothyroidism
- 9 Potential Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Hypothyroidism Symptoms
- 9 Natural Hypothyroidism Remedies
- 1. Hypothyroidism Diet
- 2. Ashwagandha (500 milligrams daily)
- 3. Iodine (150–300 micrograms daily)
- 4. Selenium (200 micrograms daily)
- 5. L-tyrosine (500 milligrams twice daily)
- 6. Fish oil (1,000 milligrams daily)
- 7. Vitamin B-Complex (one B-complex capsule daily)
- 8. Probiotic Supplement (50 billion CFU per serving)
- 9. Essential Oils
- Final Thoughts
- Treatment – Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
- Taking levothyroxine
- Summit Medical Group Web Site
Hypothyroidism – Underactive Thyroid Natural Treatment
The thyroid gland is located at the base of the neck just below the Adam's apple. The thyroid produces two main hormones called T3 and T4 which are transported in the blood to all parts of the body. These hormones control the rate of many activities in your body including how fast calories are burned and how fast or slow a person's heart rate is. Combined, these activities are often referred to as the metabolism. When thyroid disease occurs and the thyroid gland is compromised it may produce too few hormones and this can result in the metabolism slowing down. This condition is often referred to as an underactive thyroid function or hypothyroidism.
Symptoms of Underactive Thyroid
When it functions as it should, the thyroid will produce T3 and T4 at a 20% – 80% ratio. An under-production of these hormones will slow down the body's metabolism, causing hypothyroidism. Common symptoms of this condition are:
- weight-gain despite eating sensibly
- feeling cold even in warm weather
- fatigue
- depression
- hair loss
- dry, flaky skin, especially on the face
- unexplained joint pain
- In addition to these symptoms, people with hypothyroidism may have high blood levels of LDL cholesterol, the so-called "bad" cholesterol.
Causes of Hypothyroidism
- Autoimmune thyroiditis, where the body's own immune system attacks the thyroid gland.
- Iodine deficiency since iodine is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones.
- Deficiency of protein, magnesium and zinc, since these are all essential for the thyroid to function properly.
- Heavy metal poisoning or an over-abundance of chemicals and pesticides in the body.
- Root canal teeth can leak toxins into the body and enter the thyroid gland, producing thyroid disease.
Natural Hypothyroid Treatment
The majority of people who have an underactive thyroid such as Hashimoto's disease, have an autoimmune disease whereby the immune system attacks thyroid tissue. So, in order to find an underactive thyroid natural treatment it is important to address the autoimmune issue. Just taking prescription medication for low thyroid function will simply just mask the symptoms.
Dietary Changes to Make
Making dietary changes can be the first step in embracing natural thyroid treatment. Underactive thyroid treatment can begin with cutting out, and adding to, the diet in the following ways:
Add these to your diet:
- Foods that are rich in Vitamin A such as carrots and eggs.
- Seafood such as arame, dulce, kelp and nori that contain high levels of iodine.
- Foods that are rich in zinc such as beef, chicken, nuts and spinach.
- Increasing protein intake can help improve low thyroid function. Proteins include nuts and nut butters; quinoa; hormone- and antibiotic-free animal products (organic, grass-fed meats, eggs, and sustainably-farmed fish); and legumes.
- Insufficient intake of fat can exacerbate hormonal imbalance, which includes thyroid hormones. Natural, healthful fats include olive oil; ghee; avocados; flax seeds; fish; nuts and nut butters; hormone- and antibiotic-free full fat cheese, yogurt, and cottage cheese and coconut milk products.
Decrease these in the diet:
- Refined foods
- Saturated fats
- Sugar
- White flour
- Certain fruits and vegetables such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, peaches and pears can diminish the thyroid's production of thyroxin.
- Greatly reduce or eliminate caffeine and sugar, which people with low thyroid function naturally reach for in order to boost their flagging energy.
Gluten has an almost identical molecular composition to thyroid tissue and consuming gluten can increase an autoimmune attack on your thyroid.
The Role of Nutrients in Natural Hypothyroid Treatment
It is doubtful that nutritional deficiencies are the sole cause of an underactive thyroid, but not having enough of these micronutrients and minerals can aggravate symptoms of low thyroid function. Increasing the intake of; vitamin D, iron, omega-3 fatty acids, selenium, zinc, copper, vitamin A, the B vitamins, and iodine can help in natural hypothyroid treatment.
Vitamin D levels can be checked by a simple blood test. Optimal levels are between 50-80 ng/mL; anything below 32 contributes to hormone pathway disruption.
Omega-3s, found in fish, grass fed animal products, flaxseeds, and walnuts, are the building blocks for hormones that control immune function and cell growth, are critical to thyroid function, and improve the ability to respond to thyroid hormones.
Glutathione is a powerful antioxidant which can help in underactive thyroid treatment. It can boost the immune system, reduce autoimmune flare-ups, and protect and heal thyroid tissue.
Underactive Thyroid Treatment
The thyroid gland affects all the other hormones in the body and its proper regulation is essential to good hormonal balance and health. With the disturbing increase in thyroid disease, an annual screening of thyroid gland is recommended. This should include blood tests that check on thyroid gland hormone levels and body iodine levels.
Our Approach
When a patient is suspected to have a thyroid disorder a comprehensive thyroid profile is ordered, in the form of a blood test. The test results will give precise measurements of Free T3 and T4 and their ratios to each other. If the results indicate that for example, the patient's T3 level is too low then the patient will be checked for deficiencies in essential nutrients which are required for hormone production. Many times this will correct the thyroid without the need for prescription hormones.
However, it is frequently discovered that the thyroid is making enough of the T4 hormone but it is not converting to the metabolic active hormone, T3. This conversion problem can easily be found when the appropriate thyroid evaluation tests are performed.
Another problem of conversion involves too much of the T4 converting into another thyroid hormone called Reverse T3. Reverse T3 is not metabolizing active and can contribute to symptoms of underactive thyroid. Again, proper testing of the thyroid will uncover this issue. Correct thyroid treatment requires the correct evaluation and that is what is performed at LifeWorks Wellness Center.
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What is hypothyroidism?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland found near the base of the neck. It produces hormones that regulate vital metabolic processes throughout the body. A deficiency in the production of thyroid hormone, known as hypothyroidism, causes these processes to slow down or stop. Receptors for thyroid hormone are found throughout the body, and disturbance in thyroid functioning can cause problems in almost every system of the body from the heart and GI tract to sleep, mood, even the growth of hair, skin and nails.
What are some hypothyroidism symptoms?
Symptoms of hypothyroidism often develop gradually and can sometimes take years to manifest. Women in their fifties and older are more likely to have hypothyroidism then men; however, teenagers, children and even infants can be affected by this condition. Typical signs that you may have hypothyroidism include increasing fatigue and weakness, often with unintentional weight gain. Skin can become dry, rough and pale, with hair loss and dry, brittle nails. Other frequent problems are sensitivity to cold, muscle or joint aches, constipation, depression, irritability, memory loss, abnormal menstrual cycles with heavy blood flow, and decreased sex drive.
If hypothyroidism is left untreated, symptoms of myxedema can appear. These include very dry skin, and swelling around the lips and nose called non-pitting (firm) edema. More severe symptoms can be life-threatening and include low blood pressure, decreased body temperature, shallow respirations, unresponsiveness and even coma. Fortunately, advanced hypothyroidism such as this is quite rare.
What are the causes?
In developing countries, insufficient amounts of iodine in the diet account for most cases of hypothyroidism. Iodine is necessary for the production of the two main thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine (T-3). In the U.S. – where salt is iodized, and most Americans get plenty of iodine from table salt – an autoimmune condition known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause. Hashimoto's is more common in women and in those with a family history of autoimmune diseases. It involves immune-related inflammation and destruction of the thyroid gland, which reduces proper functioning and production of thyroid hormone. The exact cause and triggers of Hashimoto's still remains unknown.
Other causes of hypothyroidism include surgical removal of the thyroid (usually for cancer), radiation therapy of the head and neck, or complications of medical therapies for hyperthyroidism. (Patients with overactive thyroids are often treated with radioactive iodine or anti-thyroid medications that reduce thyroid functioning. These effects can be extensive and permanent, and thyroid supplementation is often required flowing these interventions.) Certain medications can worsen or promote hypothyroidism or interfere with thyroid replacement therapy. One such drug is lithium, used for treating psychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder.
Less common causes of hypothyroidism include congenital (birth) defects (one of the reasons for newborn screening is to check for failure of the pituitary gland to produce enough thyroid stimulating hormone, usually due to a benign pituitary tumor), and pregnancy. Some women can develop hypothyroidism during or immediately following pregnancy, often as a result of developing antibodies against their own thyroid tissue. This is dangerous for both the developing fetus and mother, and can lead to miscarriage, developmental abnormalities, premature delivery and an increased risk of preeclampsia – a potentially dangerous complication in the later stages of pregnancy.
Hypothyroidism diet tips: Some foods, especially cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, kale, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and cauliflower) contain natural goitrogens, compounds that can cause the thyroid gland to enlarge by interfering with thyroid hormone synthesis. Cooking has been reported to inactivate this effect in Brussels sprouts. Cassava, a starchy root that is the source of tapioca, can also have this effect. Other goitrogens include corn, sweet potatoes, lima beans, and soy. Some practitioners recommend that people with under-active thyroid glands avoid these foods, even though most have not been proved to cause hypothyroidism in humans.
What is the conventional treatment for hypothyroidism?
Most physicians diagnose hypothyroidism by simple blood tests that measure the level of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), which is made by the pituitary gland in response to thyroid hormone and the body's needs, and indicates thyroid status. As levels of thyroid hormones fall, the pituitary releases TSH to stimulate the thyroid to produce more hormone. Clinicians may also measure circulating levels of T-3 and T-4, which are the thyroid hormones themselves. Low levels of T-4 and high levels of TSH reveal an underactive thyroid. Other variants of hypothyroidism can exist. Patients can have no symptoms and normal serum thyroid hormone levels, but elevated TSH. Others can have symptoms, but normal TSH and T-4 levels. Patients with either of these variants may benefit from supplementation. In addition, someone with a temporary illness might have a completely normal thyroid but high TSH, a condition called "sick euthyroid" which usually resolves without any intervention.
The purpose of treating hypothyroidism is to maintain normal metabolism by correcting a deficient output of thyroid hormone. Once replacement therapy begins, the thyroid will stop producing hormones all together, and replacement must be continued for life. Most mainstream physicians prescribe the drug Synthroid, also known as levothyroxine, a synthetic analog of thyroxine (T-4) and monitor how much to give based on symptoms and levels of TSH. Physicians will generally check TSH levels after a couple of months of being on the medication and adjust it accordingly. They will often used a more cautious course in patients who have cardiovascular disease. This allows the heart time to adjust to an artificially increased metabolism. Side effects of taking too much thyroid hormone include shakiness, palpitations, insomnia and changes in appetite.
What therapies does Dr. Weil recommend for hypothyroidism?
- Dietary changes: For those who have existing thyroid conditions, excess consumption of soy may affect thyroid function, but this is probably a concern only in those already taking Synthroid or other thyroid replacement medication. If you consume soy on a regular basis, you may require a slightly increased dosage of replacement therapy. You should also know that if you eat soy foods at the same time that you take thyroid hormone, they may interfere with its absorption. To be safe, do not eat soy within three hours of taking your medication. Moderate soy consumption (one serving daily of whole soy foods) should not be a problem. Adequate iodine from dietary sources is also important – iodized salt, fresh ocean fish and seaweed are good sources.
- Exercise: Many patients with hypothyroidism have reported benefits from practicing a yoga pose called the Shoulder Stand, or sarvangasana, which increases circulation to the thyroid. Lie on your back with your arms (palms up) along your sides. Raise your legs at a right angle to the floor. Then raise your hips so your chin rests on your chest, supporting yourself with your elbows and upper arms on the floor and your hands on your hips. Keep your neck and shoulders flat on the floor, and stretch your torso and legs as straight as possible. Hold as long as comfortable, slowly working up to 5 minutes a day. Don't do this pose if you are pregnant or menstruating, nor should you try it if you have glaucoma, sinus problems or high blood pressure. The Shoulder Stand may be more effective if you use visualization practices, imagining the thyroid gland waking up from a long period of inactivity and producing more thyroid hormone.
- Traditional Chinese Medicine: Although not well studied in addressing hypothyroidism, TCM can have positive effects on imbalances in the immune system, and is useful in treating other autoimmune conditions. It may be helpful early in the course of Hashimoto's, but TCM should not be used in place of conventional therapy when thyroid replacement is indicated.
- Supplements: Dr. Weil recommends the same supplement mix that anyone should use to optimize health, including a quality multi-vitamin/multi-mineral formula, two grams of fish oil, and 2,000 IU of vitamin D daily.
- Rather than giving Synthroid (T-4) alone, Dr. Weil prefers combinations of the two natural hormones (T-3 and T-4), and often recommends the prescription drug Thyrolar. Under normal conditions, the body can convert T-4 into T-3; however, there is some question whether the body can do this optimally when under extreme physical or emotional stress. Giving a combination seems to elicit a more natural response for the body, and may also have a better effect on mood than T-4 alone.
- If you are or ever have been on thyroid replacement or have had a history of thyroid dysfunction, be sure to tell any doctor you consult, no matter what your present symptoms are.
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive and doesn't properly make or release thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland normally releases many crucial hormones that travel through the bloodstream to reach receptors found throughout the whole body. So a disturbance in thyroid function can cause widespread, noticeable health problems.
The thyroid is a small gland located on the base of your neck, sometimes described as butterfly-shaped. Meanwhile, at the base of the brain sits the pituitary gland, which secretes the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH makes the thyroid produce and release thyroxine, the main thyroid hormone.
Almost 5 percent of the U.S. population over the age of 12 has some form of hypothyroidism. Some estimates suggest up to 40 percent of the population suffers from at least some level of underactive thyroid. Women — especially older women — are the most susceptible group for developing hypothyroidism. People who are elderly or who have other existing autoimmune diseases — like type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and celiac disease, for example — are also at a higher risk.
What are some of the most common symptoms of hypothyroidism? Changes to your metabolism, heart function, digestion, energy, appetite, sleep or mood … even the growth of your hair, skin and nails can all be caused by hypothyroidism.
However, a hypothyroidism diagnosis is not a death sentence! There are many ways to treat hypothyroidism naturally through a hypothyroidism diet plan and other natural remedies. Find out how to start your journey below.
9 Potential Causes of Hypothyroidism
1. Inflammatory disorders of the thyroid
The most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed nations is a condition called Hashimoto's thyroiditis. This is an autoimmune endocrine disorder that occurs when the thyroid becomes inflamed. When someone has Hashimoto's, their own body essentially begins to attack itself by producing antibodies that try to destroy the thyroid gland.
Why does this happen? The immune system mistakenly thinks that the thyroid cells are not a part of the body, so it tries to remove them before they can cause damage and illness. The problem is that this causes widespread inflammation, which can result in many different problems. According to Dr. Datis Kharrazian, 90 percent of people with hypothyroidism have Hashimoto's that inflames the thyroid gland over time, but this isn't the only cause of hypothyroidism.
2. Poor diet (especially one lacking in iodine and selenium)
A diet low in nutrient-rich foods, especially in iodine and selenium (which are trace minerals crucial for thyroid function), increases the risk for hypothyroid disorders. The thyroid gland needs both selenium and iodine to produce adequate levels of thyroid hormones. These nutrients also play other protective roles in the body. For example: severe selenium deficiency increases the incidence of thyroiditis because it stops activity of a very powerful antioxidant known as glutathione, which normally controls inflammation and fights oxidative stress. Getting on track with a hypothyroidism diet ensures that you get the appropriate amounts of selenium and iodine in your diet.
3. Hormone imbalances
In some rare cases, because the pituitary gland makes a hormone called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) — which controls the levels of hormones being pumped out of the thyroid — a problem with the pituitary gland can cause changes to thyroid function.
4. Gut inflammation (Leaky Gut Syndrome)
An unhealthy gut environment can contribute to nutrient deficiencies and raise autoimmune activity in the body. Food sensitivities or allergies, including those to gluten and dairy, can trigger gut inflammation. Other causes of a damaged gut are high stress levels, toxin overload from diet and the environment and bacterial imbalances. When leaky gut occurs, small particles that are normally trapped inside the gut start to leak out into the bloodstream through tiny openings in the gut lining, which creates an autoimmune cascade and a series of negative symptoms.
5. Genetics
Although it's not very common, newborns are sometimes born with a dysfunction of the thyroid gland, a genetic condition called congenital hypothyroidism. Some evidence shows that people are more likely to develop hypothyroidism if they have a close family member with an autoimmune disease. But according to the National Institute of Health (NIH), the likelihood of congenital hypothyroidism is very low and only about 1 out of every 4,000 newborns is born with a thyroid disorder.
6. Pregnancy
During or following pregnancy, although it's not exactly known why, some women begin to produce very high levels of thyroid hormones, followed by a very rapid decline. This condition is known as postpartum thyroiditis. The symptoms often disappear within 12–18 months but can also lead to permanent hypothyroidism.
7. Interactions of certain medications
Specific medications seem to lead frequently to the development of underactive thyroid. The most common of these include drugs to treat cancer, heart problems and certain psychiatric conditions.
8. High levels of emotional stress
Stress impacts hormones and is known to worsen inflammation. Stress can raise levels of cortisol and adrenaline, which disturbs neurotransmitter function and worsens symptoms of thyroid disease. These include low energy levels, poor mood, low concentration, disturbed appetite and weight gain and the inability to get restful sleep.
9. Inactivity and lack of exercise
Exercise and a healthy diet are important for controlling chronic stress and managing hormone-related neurological function. Research shows that people who regularly exercise usually get better sleep, deal with stress better and more often maintain a healthier weight, all of which reduce some of the biggest risk factors and symptoms associated with hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism Symptoms
The thyroid is considered a "master gland." In addition to producing crucial hormones, it helps control the process of turning nutrients from food into usable energy on which the body runs. Because the thyroid plays such a major part in your metabolism, dysfunction can affect almost every part of the body, including your energy levels and ability to burn calories.
Key hormones produced by the thyroid also help the liver break down cholesterol that circulates through the bloodstream. The thyroid can also stimulate enzymes that are needed to control triglyceride fat levels; this is why changes in thyroid function cause lead to heart problems.
Other noticeable effects of hypothyroidism include moodiness and a sluggish metabolism. Essentially, when your thyroid is underactive, your metabolism will slow down, which might mean you always feel tired or struggle to keep off weight.
Your mood is especially susceptible to changes in hormone levels, so some people with hypothyroidism deal with depression, anxiety, trouble getting good sleep and low immunity. The thyroid gland helps regulate chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, which control your emotions and nerve signaling. This is the reason an out-of-balance thyroid can mean drastic emotional changes at times.
Some of the most common warning signs of hypothyroidism include:
- Fatigue
- Depression and anxiety
- Weight gain
- Infertility
- Goiter (nodules at the base of the neck, sometimes accompanied by tightness in the throat, coughing or swelling)
- Feeling cold
- Constipation
- Muscle aches and tenderness
- Kidney problems
- Stiffness and swelling in the joints
- Hair loss
- Rough, cracked skin
- Trouble breathing
- Changes in the menstrual cycle
- More frequent cold or flu due to low immune function
To find out if you have hypothyroidism, your doctor will run blood tests to check for levels of the hormones known as T4 (thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). Hypothyroidism is diagnosed in your thyroid test when TSH is high. Sometimes, TSH can be high, but the thyroid is still producing enough hormones. This condition is referred to as subclinical (or mild) hypothyroidism.
Mild hypothyroidism is usually the early stage. It can progress to hypothyroidism if a hypothyroidism diet isn't adopted and lifestyle changes aren't made. When the condition isn't corrected, more severe autoimmune reactions can occur — this can cause worsened problems like impaired brain function, infertility, unhealthy pregnancy, obesity, heart complications and joint pain.
Another symptom to be aware of is thyroid nodules, a buildup of cells within the thyroid, creating an abnormal lump. Most thyroid nodules aren't dangerous. But some of them become cancerous over time. If your physician suspects you have thyroid nodules, he or she should have them evaluated to check for cancer cells.
For patients with thyroid cancers, a common conventional treatment method is known as radioiodine, or radioactive iodine. Because the thyroid absorbs most of your body's iron content, this concentrated radiation is supposed to successfully kill most of the diseased thyroid cells without damaging cells throughout the rest of the body.
In some cases, people with an extremely underactive thyroid may fall into what is known as a myxedema coma, characterized by declining mental status, hypothermia and the slowing of many internal organs. If you or someone you know has severe thyroid problems and begins to show major lethargy or stupor, seek emergency medical attention at once.
Myxedema comas are rare and occur most often in the elderly and women, especially in the winter months. Generally, it is the result of undiagnosed and/or untreated hypothyroidism and can be fatal if left untreated.
Hypothyroidism is very prevalent in kidney disease patients, in turns out. In a Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity study, evidence suggested that hypothyroidism was a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression and even higher death risk in kidney disease.
9 Natural Hypothyroidism Remedies
1. Hypothyroidism Diet
What foods are good for an underactive thyroid? Here are the top foods for a hypothyroidism diet to start the healing process:
- Wild-caught fish: It provides the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, essential for hormone balance and thyroid function.
- Coconut oil: This provides medium-chain fatty acids in the form of caprylic acid, lauric acid and capric acid, which support a healthy metabolism, increase energy and fight fatigue.
- Seaweed: Good seaweeds are some of the best natural sources of iodine and help prevent deficiencies that disturb thyroid function.
- Probiotic-rich foods: These include kefir (a fermented dairy product), organic goat's milk yogurt, kimchi, kombucha, natto, sauerkraut and other fermented veggies.
- Sprouted seeds: Flax, hemp and chia seeds provide ALA, a type of omega-3 fat that's critical for proper hormonal balance and thyroid function.
- Clean water: Water helps with hydration and digestive function while preventing fatigue and moodiness. For prevention of constipation, low energy and sugar cravings, drink at least eight ounces every two hours.
- High fiber foods: People with hypothyroidism may have digestive difficulties, so aim for 30–40 grams of fiber daily. Not only does a high-fiber diet help with digestive health, it also improves heart health, balances blood sugar levels and supports a healthy weight by making you feel fuller.
- Bone broth: Beef and chicken stock contain the amino acids L-proline and L-glycine, which can help repair the digestive lining and improve hypothyroidism.
- Fruits and vegetables: These are high in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that are necessary for combating free-radical damage and lowering inflammation. They are nutrient-dense and should make up a large portion of a healthy diet since they support digestive health, brain function, heart health, hormone balance and a healthy weight.
These are foods that should not appear in your hypothyroidism diet:
- Goitrogen foods: People with hypothyroidism may want to stay away from eating large amounts of raw Brassica vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, soy and Brussels sprouts. These vegetables might impact thyroid function because they contain goitrogens, molecules which impair thyroid perioxidase.
- Tap water: Most tap water contains fluorine (an endocrine disruptor) and chlorine that inhibit iodine absorption.
- Gluten: Many people with thyroid issues are also sensitive to gluten or have celiac disease, an autoimmune disease that results in an allergy to gluten. Gluten is found in all wheat, rye and barley products. Carefully check ingredient labels to avoid hidden gluten that is lurking in many packaged foods.
- Conventional dairy: Like gluten, dairy can be especially problematic for the thyroid, triggering reactions that raise inflammatory responses. Avoid conventional cow's milk dairy products that are not organic and have been pasteurized. Consumption of organic, raw goat's milk or organic A2 cow's milk is a better choice.
- Sugar: Sugar can disrupt the hormone balance necessary for metabolism. People with thyroid issues have a difficult time losing weight. Because the thyroid is a key gland for hormonal balance and metabolism, it's best to avoid sugar as it can contribute to hormonal disturbances, fatigue, mood changes, worsened depression and weight gain.
- Refined flour products: Any food made with refined carbohydrates, like enriched wheat flour, for example, negatively impacts hormone levels and can contribute to weight gain.
2. Ashwagandha (500 milligrams daily)
Ashwagandha is an adaptogen herb that helps the body respond to stress, keeping hormone levels better in balance. Adaptogens helps lower cortisol and balance T4 levels. In fact, in clinical trials, supplementing with ashwagandha for eight weeks essentially worked as thyroxine treatment, helping hypothyroidism patients significantly increase thyroxine hormone levels and thus reduce the severity of the disorder. Also, try other adaptogen herbs like rhodiola, licorice root, ginseng and holy basil, which have similar benefits.
3. Iodine (150–300 micrograms daily)
Studies show that even small amounts of supplementary iodine (250 micrograms) cause slight but significant changes in thyroid hormone function in predisposed individuals. A diet rich in whole foods that contain iodine — including fish, sea vegetables, eggs, raw dairy and seaweed — can help prevent deficiency.
Iodine supplements should not be taken with Hashimoto's disease because getting too much iodine over the longterm increases the risk of developing an overactive thyroid. While it's nearly impossible to get too much from eating a variety of healthy foods alone, sometimes people taking supplements or eating very high amounts of dried algae and seaweed can exceed the recommended upper limit of 500 milligrams per day.
4. Selenium (200 micrograms daily)
The thyroid is the organ with the highest selenium content in the whole body. Selenium is necessary for the production of the T3 thyroid hormone and can reduce autoimmune affects. In patients with Hashimoto's disease and in pregnant women with thyroid disturbances, selenium supplementation decreases anti-thyroid antibody levels and improves the structure of the thyroid gland.
Because it helps balance hormone levels, selenium can lower the risk for experiencing thyroid disorder during pregnancy (postpartum thyroiditis) and afterward. Other studies have shown that when selenium deficiency is resolved through supplementation, patients experience on average 40 percent reduction in thyroid antibodies compared to a 10 percent increase when given a placebo.
5. L-tyrosine (500 milligrams twice daily)
An amino acid used in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxin (T4) is naturally produced from the iodination of tyrosine, a nonessential amino acid obtained both from protein-containing dietary sources and through the body making some itself.
Supplementing with L-tyrosine has been shown to improve sleep deprivation and can help combat fatigue and a poor mood by improving alertness and neurotransmitter function. One reason L-tyrosine is beneficial in healing thyroid symptoms is because it plays a role in the production of melatonin, dopamine and/or norepinephrine, which are our natural "feel good" hormones.
6. Fish oil (1,000 milligrams daily)
Essential fatty acids found in fish oil are critical for brain and thyroid function. DHA and EPA omega-3s found in fish oil are associated with a lower risk for thyroid symptoms, including anxiety, depression, high cholesterol, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, diabetes, a weakened immune system and heightened autoimmune disease. Omega-3 fish oil supplements can also help balance levels of omega-6s in the diet, which is important for ongoing health.
7. Vitamin B-Complex (one B-complex capsule daily)
Vitamin B12 and thiamine are important for neurologic function and hormonal balance. Research shows that supplementing with thiamine can help combat symptoms of autoimmune disease, including chronic fatigue. In one clinical study, when patients with Hashimoto's were given 600 milligrams per day of thiamine, the majority experienced complete regression of fatigue within a few hours or days.
Vitamin B12 is another important nutrient for fighting fatigue because it benefits the central nervous system in many important ways: maintaining the health of nerve cells (including neurotransmitters); protecting the covering of nerves called the cell's myelin sheath: and turning nutrients from food into usable energy for the brain and body.
8. Probiotic Supplement (50 billion CFU per serving)
Probiotics can help heal the gut and aid in nutrient absorption while reducing inflammation. Other benefits of a high-quality probiotic include helping to maintain a stronger immune system; increasing energy from production of vitamin B12; reducing bacterial or viral growth in the gut such as candida; improving skin health and helping with appetite control and weight loss.
9. Essential Oils
To improve thyroid function and help treat symptoms of autoimmune disease, try some of these essential oil protocols on top of your hypothyroidism diet:
- Combine three drops of frankincense oil with five parts lemongrass oil and five parts clove oil. Rub these directly on the thyroid, which is located at the front lower part of your neck. You can also try putting two drops of frankincense oil on the roof of your mouth twice daily.
- Similarly, try rubbing two to four drops of lemongrass oil and myrrh directly on the thyroid area, along with the reflexology points on the feet (the big toes) and on the wrists multiple times per day.
- To combat muscle or joint pain, try a soothing bath using geranium, clove, myrrh and lemongrass oils.
- To fight fatigue, try a combination of peppermint and citrus oils, such as lemon and grapefruit.
- To improve your mood and reduce anxiety or irritability, use chamomile, frankincense and lavender oil, either diffused in your home or added to a bath.
Final Thoughts
- Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is underactive and doesn't properly make or release thyroid hormones.
- There is no cure for a hypothyroidism diagnosis, but there may be ways to naturally increase thyroid hormone production through dietary means.
- When your thyroid is underactive, your metabolism will slow down, which might mean you always feel tired or struggle to keep off weight.
- The hypothyroidism diet eliminates foods that can cause inflammation and immune reactions and instead focuses on foods that help heal the GI tract, balance hormones and reduce inflammation.
Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Taking levothyroxine
If you're prescribed levothyroxine, you should take 1 tablet at the same time every day. It's usually recommended that you take the tablets in the morning, although some people prefer to take them at night.
The effectiveness of the tablets can be altered by other medications, supplements or foods, so they should be swallowed with water on an empty stomach, and you should avoid eating for 30 minutes afterwards.
If you forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember, if this is within a few hours of your usual time. If you do not remember until later than this, skip the dose and take the next dose at the usual time, unless advised otherwise by a doctor.
An underactive thyroid is a lifelong condition, so you'll usually need to take levothyroxine for the rest of your life.
If you're prescribed levothyroxine because you have an underactive thyroid, you're entitled to a medical exemption certificate. This means you don't have to pay for your prescriptions. See getting help with prescription costs for more information on this.
Side effects
Levothyroxine does not usually have any side effects, because the tablets simply replace a missing hormone.
Side effects usually only occur if you're taking too much levothyroxine. This can cause problems including sweating, chest pain, headaches, diarrhoea and vomiting.
Tell the doctor if you develop new symptoms while taking levothyroxine. You should also let them know if your symptoms get worse or do not improve.
Q: Can thyroid disease be cured?
A: This is a difficult question to answer due to the differences between the ideas of "treatment" vs. "cure". All thyroid diseases can be treated, resulting in normal thyroid function. However, this frequently requires being on medication to maintain the normal thyroid state.
For example, most patients with thyroid cancer can be cured through surgery and radioactive iodine treatments (see Thyroid Cancer brochure). While their cancer is cured, the curative treatment results in hypothyroidism requiring thyroid hormone replacement for life.
Hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease is caused by antibodies attacking the thyroid and turning it on (see Graves' disease brochure). Antithyroid medication, radioactive iodine, and surgery are all effective treatments and can restore thyroid function to normal. Radioactive iodine and surgery also can "cure" the hyperthyroidism by removing the thyroid. However, the thyroid stimulating antibodies often are unaffected by these treatments, so the underlying cause of Graves' disease persists. Occasionally, the thyroid stimulating antibodies do go away in patients treated with antithyroid drugs, resulting in remission of the Graves' disease and allowing for discontinuation of the medications. However, the thyroid stimulating antibodies may return causing the Graves disease to relapse.
A similar situation occurs in patients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is caused by antibodies attacking and destroying the thyroid (see Hypothyroidism brochure). While thyroid hormone replacement restores the body's thyroid function to normal, the anti-thyroid antibodies often remain.
There are self-limited thyroid disorders, such as post-partum thyroiditis and subacute thyroiditis, where no therapy is necessary after the disorder runs its course (see Thyroiditis brochure). However, post-partum thyroiditis frequently recurs with subsequent pregnancies.
In summary, the most important aspect of thyroid disease is that effective treatments are available that can restore thyroid function to normal, even if the underlying cause of the disorder is not "cured". Once diagnosed with thyroid disease, all patients need lifelong medical follow up to ensure that their thyroid function remains in the best range.
Medical Disclaimer The information contained in or made available through the American Thyroid Association Website is not intended to replace the services of a trained health professional or to be a substitute for medical advice of physicians. The user should consult a physician in all matters relating to his or her health, and particularly in respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. The American Thyroid Association makes no representations or warranties with respect to any information offered or provided within or through the American Thyroid Association Website regarding treatment, action, or application of medication.
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What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. Too little hormone slows down chemical reactions in the body. This slowdown causes mental and physical changes.
The thyroid gland is located in the lower front of the neck. This gland takes iodine from the food you eat to make hormones called thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The hormones control your metabolism (the chemical processes your body uses to turn the food you eat into energy). You need thyroid hormones to control body temperature, heart rate, appetite, and digestion. If you have too little hormone, you may gain weight, your body temperature may get lower, and you may feel tired or sluggish.
What is the cause?
Some of the more common causes of hypothyroidism are:
- Hashimoto's disease (thyroiditis): This condition is an inflammation and swelling of the thyroid gland. It is caused by a problem with the immune system. The immune system is your body's protection against infection, but sometimes it sees your own body as foreign and reacts to it.
- Viruses: They can infect the thyroid gland and cause it to make too little hormone.
- Radiation: Radioactivity can destroy the thyroid gland and its ability to make thyroid hormone. Radioactive iodine is a common treatment for an overactive thyroid gland, but often the treatment leads to an underactive thyroid gland. Also, X-ray treatment for cancer of the head or neck may expose the thyroid gland to radiation and damage it.
- Overdosage of medicine used to treat hyperthyroidism
- Complete or partial removal of the thyroid gland with surgery for some other thyroid problem
Anyone can have hypothyroidism, but it happens most often in women over age 40. Some thyroid problems are inherited. Some are present at birth.
What are the symptoms?
The slowing of your body's processes can take months or even years. This can make it hard to know that this disease is causing your problems.
Symptoms may include:
- Tiredness
- Depression
- Weakness
- Constipation
- Weight gain
- Feeling cold a lot of the time
- Heavy and long menstrual periods
- Coarse, dry hair or brittle nails
- Thick, dry skin
- Swollen eyelids
- Slowed heart rate
A condition that develops after several years of untreated hypothyroidism is called myxedema. Myxedema can cause you to feel cold, be slow to talk and move, be less mentally alert, and possibly feel drowsy much of the time. You can even fall into a coma.
If you are an older adult with hypothyroidism, you may not get medical treatment because you don't know you have a problem that can be treated. You may think your symptoms are just part of aging. If you have symptoms such as tiredness, muscle weakness, dry skin, depression, feeling cold, and constipation, see your healthcare provider.
How is it diagnosed?
Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history and examine you. You will have blood tests to measure your level of thyroid hormone. Blood tests can also measure thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is made by your pituitary gland. TSH causes your thyroid gland to make thyroid hormone.
How is it treated?
Your healthcare provider will prescribe manmade thyroid hormone medicine. After starting treatment, you will have blood tests to make sure you are getting the right amount of thyroid hormone. It may take several weeks to find the right dosage for you. Once the correct dosage is found, your thyroid hormone level will need to be checked every few months to make sure it is in the correct, normal range. You will most likely need to take thyroid medicine every day for the rest of your life.
If you have coronary artery disease or are at risk for it, your provider will prescribe a smaller dose of hormone at first. Replacing thyroid hormone too quickly can be hard on your heart. In some cases it can trigger a heart attack. Taking too much thyroid hormone can also cause osteoporosis (thinning and weakening of the bones).
How long will the effects last?
Usually hypothyroidism starts getting better within a week after you start hormone therapy. All symptoms go away in a few weeks. In most cases, however, you must continue this treatment for the rest of your life.
Mild hypothyroidism may cause no symptoms. Without treatment, however, the disease can become disabling over time. Untreated hypothyroidism may cause the following problems:
- Slowed thinking and poorer memory and problem-solving ability
- Enlargement of the heart and heart failure
If the cause of hypothyroidism is thyroiditis and it is not treated, your thyroid gland may swell. This swelling, called a goiter, may cause a big bulge in your neck.
How can I take care of myself?
- Follow your provider's instructions for taking your medicine.
- Get your thyroid hormone level checked as often as your provider suggests.
- Keep your follow-up appointments.
- See your healthcare provider if any of your symptoms are not getting better or they come back.
- See your healthcare provider if you have new symptoms.
How can I help prevent hypothyroidism?
In most cases hypothyroidism cannot be prevented.


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Asking Price: $3,700,000 - $4,000,000 USD
Just shy of an acre 4 folio numbers included. Property has been operated as an Italian restaurant for the past 48 years. Has a 4coop alcohol license and tobacco. Owner is willing to entertain the sale of the business as well for the right price. To include multiple contracts for catering as well, branded name.
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Manchester City striker Thierry Ambrose joins French outfit RC Lens on a loan deal
Manchester City Under-23 striker Thierry Ambrose has joined French outfit RC Lens on a season-long loan deal.
The 21-year-old spent last season on loan at NAC Breda in the Netherlands, contributing an impressive 10 goals and 4 assists in 30 Eredivisie appearance.
#mercato Thierry #Ambrose prêté au RC Lens
Infos et photos ▶ https://t.co/5sLvBjO0ug #recrue #bienvenue #FierDEtreLensois #rclens pic.twitter.com/2PfHLynRNa
— Racing club de Lens (@RCLens) July 26, 2018


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[Re-release] Toukiden 2 PCSG00830
noelxleon, in (PS VITA) Cheats
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By Yukiko
Shin Megami Tensei: Digital Devil Saga UNDUB
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Password: [email protected]
Size: 2,43 GB compressed
Format: ISO
Tested on: Softmodded PS2 50004 with OPL from a 2,5 HDD
By 123Kid
Since no one seems to be putting this here, Ima share it. This is Criminal Girls Invite Only mod where everything has been set to how it's supposed to be, with additional interesting stuff.
What's been changed / added to this mod:
- the word MOTIVATE has been changed back to PUNISH in the Infirmary
- punishment method names has been changed to Spanking, Electric Flick, Gooey Lesson, Tingling Course, Healing Touch respectively. Before they were Maintenance, Edgeplay, Slippery Slope, Tickle Party, and Aftercare. You will still see these names but in a form of Miu's skill set.
- pink smoke has been cleared out. You can pretty much see everything now. But that doesn't mean you get to see everything very early. You still need to progress through the game in order to see the goods.
- Lewd mod has been added. Since basically the decensoring only removes the smoke, the mod adds an additional *bonus* to your punishment time. To be precise, you can see the upper part of the body without any hindrance (given you've progressed through the game).
- the Tutorial (whenever it's your first time for each girl to do the punishment) will still show the censored version, same goes for the Scene Gallery (once you unlocked it), the thumbnails will show the smoked version but that is only for show. Everything has been decensored and modded so don't worry.
How to install:
- download the file and extract it, it should give you "data.dat" file.
- For Mai users, replace the "data.dat" file inside the PCSE00516 folder with the modded "data.dat" then install the game using Maidump. Afterwards, Switch game loading of PCSE00516 Criminal Girls Invite Only to Mode 4 (Use original eboot).
- For NoNpDrm users, make a PCSE00516 folder and put the modded "data.dat" inside it. Then put the newly created PCSE00516 folder inside rePatch folder. Install the game. If this doesn't work, instead of putting the PCSE00516 folder in rePatch, just put it simply to Patch folder.
- To make sure and find out that you have successfully installed the mod / patch is by going through the First Save Point (Infirmary). If you see PUNISH instead of MOTIVATE in there, congratulations. Game on.
UPDATE: This is another way to install via NoNpDRM thanks to Nino_Z
Here is how I got it to work on NoNpDRM.
1.I deleted the DATA.DAT file from the game folder "PCSE00516" which is in apps since the patch has that full file and will replace it.
2. I've copied the param.sfo file from the game folder known as "sce_sys" and placed it in the patch folder "sce_sys". All games need this file and it's missing in the patch for some reason. If you don't do this, the game will not start.
3. I've placed the patch in the folder "patch" after having performed the previous changes.
After I have performed a "liveArea refresh" everything works!
Hidden Content
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Keep in mind that all the samples I'm showing here are all just Level 2 and 3 of the said Punishment. It wont be fun if I show it to you now, right? I didn't include the other 2 (Miu and Himekami) but don't worry, they are also included in the mod.
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By Gamerone
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By Gamerone
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By Yukiko
Final Fantasy X International UNDUB
This is pretty much a updated japanese version of the game.
Means it has all the content from the european and american version that was not included in the original japanese release.
This is a Fanmade UNDUB tho means it replaced the english voices that came with the International release.
You have the option to choose "Japanese" or "English" for the text
When you start a new game these are the options you get
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Password: [email protected]
Size: 3,42 GB compressed
Format: ISO
Tested on: Softmodded PS2 50004 with OPL from a 2,5 HDD


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- Description
- Tasting Notes
- What's Inside
- Occasions
Put a smile on their face and in their heart with one dozen "Happy Anniversary" themed mylar balloons. Teddy bears, chocolates, roses and more can be added during check out. Balloon designs will vary with location.
Gift Includes:
- 12 Themed Mylar Balloons.
- A free gift card with personal message.
- Hand delivered to the recipient's home or office by experienced florists.
- A larger teddy bear, balloons, wine, champagne, or chocolates may be added to your order based on availability. Please contact customer service for more information.
During checkout, please be sure to indicate your preferred occasion when you choose a gift card.
Same day delivery is available if you place your order by 2pm in your recipient's time zone, M-F and by 1pm on Saturday. To see if Sunday delivery is available in your area please contact customer service.Gift #6454
Anniversary Balloon Bouquet-12 Mylar is a hand delivered gift. These gifts are delivered by one of our local design centers located throughout the United States and Canada.
Typically, standard deliveries are made between 9:00 AM and 6:00 PM, with business deliveries before 5:00 PM. Hours may be extended during holidays. Please note in some locations we may need an additional 24 hours for the delivery of exotic flowers, wine and fruit baskets.
Same day delivery is available for most gifts when ordered before the cutoff time. Saturday delivery is possible if ordered before 12 PM Friday. The cutoff time for Anniversary Balloon Bouquet-12 Mylar is in the recipient's time zone.
Anniversary Balloon Bouquet-12 Mylar has been purchased most frequently by our customers for the following occasions:
Average Rating:(23 reviews) write a review
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JJMade Someone Very HappySeptember 18, 2019
I ordered and balloons were delivered the same day. Recipient was delighted with the gift.
MSCDA Home Run! for a 16th B'dayApril 17, 2017
The perfect gift. Delivered on short notice to school in CT, went beyond expectations.
Would have no problem recommending and using in the future.
Thank you for job well done.
Lucky mommaFlooredJuly 23, 2016
Ordered fo my daughters bday....momma I was "floored" when I saw how tall and full it was! Seeing the pics she sent, she was right. Thank you making her bday, yes I would and will order from the Gift ree again.
BlueBalloon bouquetJuly 23, 2016
Not having first hand knowledge of a company, it's a little scary when ordering. However, everything went smoothly. Ordering was easy, it was delivered on time and it was beautiful. Thank you so much!
BalloonmomExcellent customer service!June 20, 2016
I live in Texas and had a balloon bouquet delivered to my daughter in another California. The young man on the phone was incredibly courteous and helpful and the balloon bouquet was exactly what I ordered. I will definitely use GiftTree again!
Happy CustomerUnreal customer servicesJanuary 13, 2016
I messed up on the delivery date, called within minutes to change it. I got Megan the nicest customer service rep. Not only did she help me with the delivery date change she honored by 10% discount that I missed because I didn't have a discount code. Exceeded my expectations. I will order again!
RozanneAwesome!August 7, 2015
The balloon bouquet 12 mylar - was even more beautiful in person than it appeared on the website! Plus all 12 balloons were different! Wow!
The delivery was the same day and was perfect and on time! Totally amazing!
I will definitely use them again for my next purchase!
Thank you!
.....GreatJune 1, 2015
On time and great!
Satisfied customer
LindaGreat Presentation!November 17, 2014
My nephew became a fireman and the florist added a little paper fireman's hat and I didn't even ask! He was so excited!
Great presentation! Loved it : )
Balloon loverFabulous!July 17, 2014
This is the second time I have ordered balloons from this site and I couldn't be happier. The presentation was great and delivered on time. I would definitely order again from this company!
mercysissPerfect!June 24, 2014
I needed a fun way to congratulate my team at work for a success while I was out on medical leave. These balloons fit the bill and went a long way to bring some smiles to a very stressful (albeit successful) time.
RisaGreat ServiceMarch 17, 2014
Order the Balloon Bouquet to brighten my niece and nephews day. They loved all the balloons.
I had accidentally written the incorrect address when ordering. About an hour later I had someone call and e-mail me to make sure the address is correct. The person on the phone spoke clearly about the reason for the call and was patient about helping to resolve the address issue.
Florida AuntBrightened a gloomy situationFebruary 1, 2014
This balloon bouquet brightened up an ICU room where my nephew has been for 2 weeks and counting. I didn't get to see it in person, but I understand it was a great presentation.
krissieGreat Variety, Speedy Delivery!!!September 18, 2013
MaryFabulous presentationJuly 9, 2013
Delivered with hand written card and name hand written on at least 3 of the 12 balloons. Would definitely order this again. Thank you! Happy 65 to my hubby!
BalloonsGood quality, big presentationJune 17, 2013
Ordered day and they delivered an awesome bouquet of Mylar & specialty birthday balloons. Bouquet was awesome, even better than the one pictured here, and ordering could not be easier. Also, I was contacted just before the week that I had ordered the balloon bouquet last year and offered me a 10% discount to order again. Really excellent customer service!
jenGreat local delivery person! Easy ordering! On time Delivery!May 29, 2013
Happy GrandmotherBest Bouquet Ever!March 16, 2013
My granddaughter loved the balloon bouquet! My daughter said it was the best one they have ever seen. This company was also very good at keeping me informed of delivery delays due to a winter storm.
SunshineBalloon BouquetJune 23, 2012
It was so gorgeous. Great job!!
Don't have one
The balloons had to be mylar because my 2 1/2 year old grandson had open heart surgery and only mylar balloons were acceptable. My grandson LOVES balloons and they were a big hit.
GraceHappy Birthday!November 18, 2011
I sent two of these to my nephew for his third birthday, and they were a huge hit! He loved them. Wanted the "bouquet" to be taken apart so he could play with them all, one at a time. His mom told me as well that the bouquet was beautiful, very festive.


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Tips On Achieving Your Ideal Beautiful Face
There are 8 billion people in the world with their own special features and unique faces. It's very important to learn that everyone is born special with their own beautiful face. The beauty is not bounded to the face or some certain limitations.Read More


text: With the Black Friday approaching, loads of online retailers have either announced or launched their Black Friday sales. Banggood, one of the most important International e-commerce retailers, is going to launch the Black Friday Sale 2019 which will run from November 12th till November 30th. The Banggood Black Friday Sale 2019 will


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30+ days ago - req14487
Java Algorithm Developer
Research & development
Computer science & software engineering
In a nutshell
Veldhoven, Netherlands
Research & development
3-7 years
Job Category
Computer science & software engineering, Mathematics, Physics
When people think 'software', they often think of companies like Google or Microsoft. Even though ASML is classified as a hardware company, we in fact have one of the world´s largest and most pioneering Java communities. The ASML Javaenvironment is extremely attractive for prospective Java engineers because it combines big data with extreme complexity. From Hadoop retrieval to machine learning to full stack development, the possibilities are endless. At ASML, our Java teams create and implement software designs that run in the most modern semiconductor fabs in the world, helping our customers like Samsung, Intel and TSMC make computer chips faster, smaller, and more efficient. Here, we're always pushing the boundaries of what's possible.
We are always looking for talented Java developers who know how to apply the latest Java SE or Java EE technologies, to join the teams responsible for creating software for high volume manufacturing automation in semiconductor fabs. Could this be your next job? Apply now!
Job Mission
- Review an algorithm description from a software point of view. Identify risks or problems that might occur when transferring a mathematical description into software
- Create a solid software design for an algorithm or parts of it
- Write quality java code that is easy to test and maintain. Take into account the speed and memory consumption restrictions
- Define, automate, and execute tests on unit, component, and integration level
- Write clear documentation for design and qualification
Master in computer science, mathematics, or relevant.
- Java SE programming skills on expert level
- Experience with OO design principle, UML diagrams, design patterns
- Experience with testing a big system, understand the concept of unit, component, and system level testing
- Good knowledge of algorithms and data structures in computer science
- Good knowledge of linear algebra, preferability also on optimization techniques and control modeling
- Have affinity with scientific/mathematical programming
- Understanding of the to-be-implemented mathematical algorithm and make solid java design to realize the algorithm
- Extensive knowledge of profiling and debugging
- Analytical and abstract thinking
- Preferably to have Matlab or other scripting experience of algorithms
- Preferably have experience in Continuous Integration, but also Maven, Git, and Atlassian stack
Personal skills
- Team player
- Excellent verbal and writing communication skills
- Commitment
Other information
ASML creates the conditions that enable you to realize your full potential. We provide state-of-the-art facilities, opportunities to develop your talents, international career opportunities, a stimulating and inspiring environment, and most of all, the commitment of a company that recognizes and rewards outstanding performance.
An assessment will be part of the recruitment process.


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Don Rongione
Don joined Bollman in 1982 as Controller and has served in several roles including Corporate Secretary, Vice President of Finance and Operations, Senior Vice President of Manufacturing, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Don was named President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman on July 1, 2002. He has served on the executive committee from the age of 26.
Don grew up in Philadelphia and attended LaSalle College High School and LaSalle University. He became President of Student Government in both schools. He was awarded a Bachelor's Degree in management and accounting from LaSalle in 1979 and obtained his Certified Public Accountant designation in 1981. Prior to joining Bollman, Don was as a Senior Auditor with KPMG in Philadelphia.
Don is the founder of American Made Matters and is passionate about manufacturing in the U.S.A.
Don and his wife, Maryellen Kueny, have been married since 1976. They have four sons and two grandsons. They are loyal fans of all Philadelphia sports teams and enjoy music and outdoor activities.
Dave Huber
Dave is a native of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania and graduated from McCaskey High School in 1984. In 1988 Dave graduated cum laude from Millersville University with a bachelor's degree in business administration and a concentration in accounting. Upon graduating from College Dave joined KPMG Peat Marwick and received his CPA.
In a public accounting career of 13 years, Dave progressed to the position of senior manager in the assurance and business advisory practice before joining his former client Bollman Hat Company. Dave joined Bollman in 2001 and serves as the Chief Financial Officer. Dave's primary responsibilities include overseeing the global financial, information technology and customer experience functions of the Company.
Dave and his wife are the proud parents of two sons. Dave enjoys spending time with his family exploring the great outdoors.
Jeff Clair
Jeff joined the Bollman Hat Company in May 2014. A senior sales and merchandising executive, Jeff has held positions in both the manufacturing and retail industries. He served as Senior Vice President of Sales at Russell Newman Brands; Vice President, New Business Development for the Carole Hochman Design Group; and Division Sales Vice President at Sara Lee Branded Apparel. His retail background includes tenure with Bradlees, Mervyn's and Federated Department Stores.
He has served as Chairman of the Board for the Bridgeport, Conn.-based Discovery Museum, a non-profit science and technology education center for children. A graduate of Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, he and his wife, Lisa, reside in Fairfield, Conn. They have a son and a daughter. He is an avid long-distance cyclist and a veteran of many charity rides.
Craig Womeldorf
Craig Womeldorf joined our company as Chief Operating Officer on June 17, 2019. Craig has an extensive career in leadership including Chief Executive Officer of Morphy Auctions, one of America's largest auction companies, from 2015 until joining Bollman as COO. At Morphy, Craig created and managed processes to grow revenue, profitability, capacity, and expertise. Craig is responsible for the manufacturing, distribution, and global supply chain functions of Bollman.
Craig's prior roles included Senior Vice President for a logistics service provider managing strategic planning, domestic and international services delivery; Vice President for a global manufacturing company where he converted supply chain into a strategic sales weapon through management of the distribution, ecommerce, transportation, import and customs compliance, customer service and industrial engineering functions; Division President and Senior Director of Supply Chain Management for a boiler manufacturer; Co-owner and President of a metal parts fabrication company, and Production Sourcing Manager for an international tool and household products manufacturer.
Craig holds a Masters of Business Administration from Duke University and a Bachelor of Science degree from Penn State. Craig lives in Lititz, PA with his wife Leslie, a son and a daughter.
Chris Fitterling
Chris joined the Bollman Hat Company in 1986 in the position of Human Resource Manager. In 1990 he was promoted to the position of Vice President Administration. He currently oversees the Human Resources Department, all insurance programs and serves as Corporate Secretary. Chris is the third generation of his family to dedicate their career with Bollman.
Chris graduated from Pennsylvania State University with a Bachelor of Science degree. He has also earned a certification as a Professional in Human Resources.
Chris and his wife Linda have one grown daughter who also completed her undergraduate studies at Penn State. The Fitterlings are avid Penn State fans who together enjoy numerous outdoor activities.