text:
Saying goodbye is part of life, but it is never easy.
Ginny was appointed as a celebrant back in 2004. We met through a mutual friend that same year, and as a result she attended an OPD session I was facilitating in Wodonga. From that day on we became friends and she was one of my biggest advocates. For that I will be forever grateful.
Ginny had taken it upon herself to be the "self appointed mother" of celebrants up in the north east, an area I lived in for more than 14 years.
Each year Ginny would organise the celebrant's regular catch up and the yearly OPD. Ginny would arrange for me to drive up and deliver the OPD or legal refresher in the Nth East, often offering me a bed for the night.
I got to know her on a deeper level when she asked if she could become one of my trainers. So back in 2010 with Ginny's assistance I wrote the course for the new Cert IV in Celebrancy. Ginny was my proofreader and the person who did the mapping to the training package. For those of you who are not familiar with this task, it would be the most laborious task there is. And, she was very good at it. She spent hours supporting and assisting the celebrants through that period of study.
Ginny was persistent that I teach her everything I knew about the law, and right up until a month before her death she called me for answers on the law, and was never happy unless I could back up my answer with a reference to the Act or Regs. We would both laugh when she would say - "ok but what reference do I use to back up your answer?"
During 2010 with Ginny's help we upgraded 500 current celebrants to the new Cert IV and this would not have been possible without her assistance, together we did all the assessing that year and she loved it. Some days we would talk on the phone 4 or 5 times in a day. And her hubby Michael would often meet me here in Melb, when he was down for work, to pass on student files to her. There was a constant stream of assessments being driven up and down the Hume Highway.
I've watched her grow in her role as a celebrant and as she grew more comfortable she enjoyed giving assistance to anyone who asked. It was only recently after she completed my funeral course that she conducted a few funerals, but she came to realise that weddings were her forte.
Earlier this year when she was organising the inaugural TCNA conference she started researching for guest speakers and she did this with great enthusiasm and energy, but I could tell there was something not quite right. She started to have some minor health issues late last year, and in May she was diagnosed with stomach cancer. I remember taking the call from her and being in total shock. I don't think it registered for a few hours and I had to stop myself from ringing her back to check the details, because I had simply gone numb and didn't remember a thing other than the 'C' word.
I had spent some time with her sister Jackie during one of my regular visits to NZ a few years ago, so I offered to pick her up when she flew in from Auckland, just after Ginny had undergone her initial surgery in Wodonga. After collecting Jackie from the airport to drive her to Wodonga, we received a frantic phone call from Michael to say Ginny was being flown down by air ambulance to a Melb hospital after complications from the first operation.
Instead of that visit to Wodonga Jackie spent the weekend with me as we watched Ginny undergo a second operation, and then spend the following week in ICU. Sadly just a week after she returned home she was then diagnosed with brain tumours, and it was then that she, and those closest to her, understood the gravity of the situation. She knew she only had a few months to live, but in true Ginny style she was the practical person and just got things done.
She had hoped to be able to attend the TCNA conference but alas it was not possible. Her work on this conference was paramount to its success, and those of us who attended could see what work Ginny had put into it. It was difficult to attend this conference knowing how unwell she was - and not be able to share the news with everyone. But Ginny didn't want any focus being on her or having a cloud over the conference - that's the selflessness of the person she was.
Ginny took her prognosis incredibly well, and she wasn't surprised with the diagnosis. She said she had been so blessed with how she had been looked after and she had lived her life well and was ready for her next adventure. She was also very clear about what treatment she would or would not entertain. Over the next month I assisted Ginny to put in place the right documentation to ensure her wishes were followed, if the need arose as the cancer advanced.
Her husband Michael has been a great strength to her and I am amazed he was able to keep Ginny at home for all that time - especially the last few weeks. Her sister Jackie, a gorgeous lady, has been an amazing support for Ginny and Michael. Jackie is a nurse and was able to attend the initial medical visits to translate all the information when Ginny wasn't really up to taking in what it all meant. This was invaluable in assisting Ginny and Michael to make decisions.
The last month we saw Ginny's health deteriorate dramatically. Her mobility was limited and she no longer had the energy to engage in life other than the occasional phone call or email. Two weeks before she died I collected Jackie again at Melb airport and we drove to Wodonga. During this time, as would be expected, I could see that Jackie was finding the situation very difficult. She knew, like we all did, that this would be the last time she would visit her sister, and that before she went home Ginny would pass away.
We laughed and cried on our 4 hour trip to Wodonga. When we arrived we both sat comfortably on Ginny's bed and chatted away and whilst she was tired she was still quite lucid and able to share a few laughs. Ginny loved to divert the conversation away from her situation, but thankfully she could always talk honestly and openly even about her pending death.
Ginny has been with me each step of the way with my new book Let's Talk About Death and she wanted to assist in any way she could. So there are parts of that interview about her journey that will be added to the book which is due for release this year. It was just another example of how she was always thinking about helping others.
Over the next two days I saw Ginny deteriorate and this was hard to watch. But in her lucid moments she was still thinking about what she could give away and what needed to be organised to ensure Michael's job after her death was as easy as it could be.
Ginny believed she was going to another adventure and she didn't care what it was, she was not afraid of it. She said it was past a 'belief' - it's a knowing of where I am going to - and wherever that may be I am ready for it! Obviously she was sad to be leaving her family and friends but she was not afraid of death. She wanted to die at home with Jackie and Michael by her side, and she did just that. She planned well and her plans came to fruition. I am pleased to say that Ginny died a dignified death - just liked she'd planned.
For those of you who knew Ginny well, you might like to know that she had done her chart - and she is coming back as a French, Singing, Linguistic Healer! (no surprises there) So keep your eyes and ears open for her!
I will be forever grateful that she came into my life. The industry should be equally grateful for her contribution to Celebrancy. Many a celebrant has been the recipient of her assistance either with the TCNA shop, or regular get togethers in the Nth East, or just a phone call requiring her help. Since her death my email inbox and the chat lines have been overflowing with tributes - and these have all been passed on to Michael.
It's understandable that many of you are very sad because you didn't know she was sick and didn't get a chance to say goodbye. But she needed her privacy and she set the boundaries during this difficult time, as she had always done in her life. She wanted to live the limited time she had without having to deal with constant calls and instead concentrate on her health – and spend time with those closest to her. As much as it was difficult, we all had to respect her wishes. She knew she was loved, and she knew the difference she made.
Ginny did not want a funeral, she was adamant about that. So five days after her death I travelled back to Wodonga and with Michael, Jackie, her cousin Linda and friend Margi we said our farewells and spread Ginny's ashes. It was a sad day but we enjoyed spending the precious time together sharing stories and anecdotes about Ginny's life, and allowing the healing process to begin.
Our love goes to her husband Michael who undoubtedly has been the most amazing carer to Ginny, her sister Jackie and her extended family in NZ and here in Australia, as they come to terms with her death. Ginny you will be missed greatly my friend.
Sally Cant
CEO, Civil Celebrant, Author and Trainer
6 Morton Place
Rowville Vic 3178
Sally's second book - 'Lets Talk About Death' is due for release early 2014.
Editor's Note:
Ginny was a colleague, friend and beautiful soul - the vanishing pixie was the symbol we used for a long time to symbolise how delightful she was and how light Ginny trod upon the earth.
Our TCN network, with Ginny's permission used her passing as our first "In Memory Of" forum tribute.
Ginny's life and contribution to the TCN Inc is valued and appreciated greatly.
Rona Goold
21st February 2014


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Emotionally-Minded Books to Share with Your Child this Holiday SeasonDecember 20, 2019 | Jill GersonAt Beginnings School, Housman Institute's lab school, we recognize the profound importance of building the foundation for emotional intelligence in children from birth. Our begin to ECSEL program helps children recognize, understand, regulate and express their emotions in a healthy way that sets them up for a lifetime of...READ MORE
Science-Backed Benefits of Practicing Gratitude with KidsNovember 25, 2019 | Jill GersonWith Thanksgiving right around the corner, we here at Housman Institute are reflecting on gratitude and what it means for the development of emotional intelligence in young children. Robert Emmons, Ph.D. is the world's leading scientific expert on gratitude. As a professor of psychology and founding editor-in-chief of The Journal of...READ MORE
Teaching Kids Kindness Prepares Them for SuccessNovember 18, 2019 | Dr. Donna HousmanNovember marks World Kindness Day, observed for over twenty years in many countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, Nigeria, and the United Arab Emirates. Through the begin to ECSEL program, overseen by Housman Institute, Beginnings School has been actively promoting kindness since our inception, not only because...READ MORE
begin to...ECSELJanuary 10, 2019 | Housman InstituteLearn about our evidence-based begin to...ECSEL program.
Dr Housman Speaking on Promoting Emotional, Cognitive and Social Early Learning from BirthNovember 28, 2018 | Housman InstituteLast May, Dr. Housman spoke at Harvard University's China Education Symposium on how to effectively promote early learning from birth and how the program she developed, begin to...ECSEL, strengthens foundational emotional, cognitive and social competencies for children's lifelong learning, success and well-being. The video of her lecture is now...READ MORE
Housman to China: An Early Learning, Cross-Cultural CollaborationOctober 24, 2018 | Beginnings School and Child Development Center, Housman Institute Lab SchoolGrowing awareness around the importance of integrating social, emotional and cognitive learning into early childhood education was evident on a recent trip to China by Beginnings School Founder and Housman Institute CEO, Dr. Donna Housman.Dr. Housman had been invited to visit a range of early childhood schools in China and offer her expertise...READ MORE
Housman Institute Supports Keeping Migrant Children with Their ParentsJune 20, 2018 | Donna K. HousmanParents are a child's first teacher and children's earliest years are critical for their lifelong development, well-being and mental health. The earliest years of life represent the most sensitive and rapid period of brain growth and development. Housman Institute stands together with Infant Mental Health Professionals in Massachusetts...READ MORE
Dr. Housman speaks at Harvard Graduate School of EducationApril 25, 2018 | Housman InstituteOn Saturday, April 21, Beginnings School and Child Development Center Founder Dr. Donna Housman spoke on the importance of emotional, cognitive and social early learning for children's lifelong well-being and success at 2018 China Education Symposium at Harvard Graduate School of Education, entitled "Where We Started, Where We Are...READ MORE
Scaffolding Emotional IntelligenceFebruary 07, 2018 | Housman InstituteHappy, sad, angry and afraid. These four primary emotions are universal for all human beings, of all ages. They are shared. They are human. They are real. They also are key to our lifelong learning, well-being and success. Our ability to recognize, understand, express and regulate emotions is commonly called emotional intelligence or...READ MORE
Co-Regulation on the Pathway Towards Self-RegulationJanuary 22, 2018 | Housman InstituteCaregivers, educators, and policy makers are imperative for young children's development of emotional, cognitive, and social skills. Specifically, self-regulation—defined byREAD MORE

subset: commoncrawl


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text:
Tag: News
The Mesquite News
- Campus
Faculty, staff and students share their plans for spring breakA 19-year-old freshman will hit Corpus Christi for sand, surf and the Selena Museum. The director of Military Affairs is taking his family to a kid-friendly lodge near Dallas. Full Story »
- Campus
Viewpoint: Communications student shares successes and hardshipsDiagnosed with Asperger's, a high-functioning form of autism, communications senior James Ratcliff shares his story leading up to graduation alongside 711 other graduates May 15.
- Student Government Association
SGA welcomes 3 new membersThree new student members were sworn in Jan. 29 following a unanimous vote to fill vacancies in the Student Senate.
- Community
Literature club teams with Seton Home to donate booksTexas A&M University-San Antonio's Literature Club will partner with local non-profit Seton Home to hold a book drive.
- Campus
Panel discussions commemorate Constitution DayBy Alexandra Velasquez Why would people confess to a crime they didn't commit? Tuesday's showing of "The Central Park Five," delves into that question with a panel discussion that Full Story »
- Featured Stories
Proyecto U completes 2nd seasonCommunication junior Lucia Espino is one of 18 students selected to produce the newscasts this semester. She said the internship at Univision has given her real-world experience in the Full Story »


text:
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This Types Of Bed Mattresses the gallery form Unique Mattress Fit. Hopefully you can find the best inspiration from our gallery here.


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Que es realmente lo que esta pasando


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text: Namaste, Both, "Optimists and Pessimists" are essential for the progress. Fundamentally, scientists are trained to look at and evaluate the possible potential problems in advance. "Optimists" invented the "Plane", where as, "Pessimists" invented the "Parachute " Best wishes for 2013 Dr Yadu >________________________________ > From: Swami Sarvabhutananda <swami.sarvabhutananda at gmail.com> >To: ramesam vemuri <ramesamvijaya at yahoo.com>; A discussion group for Advaita Vedanta <advaita-l at lists.advaita-vedanta.org> >Sent: Monday, December 31, 2012 8:22 PM >Subject: Re: [Advaita-l] Accepting Error > >OM >The possibility with right attitude is a human choice!! >One can be pessimist by choice!!!! >Sw.Sarvabhutananda > >On Mon, Dec 31, 2012 at 3:05 AM, ramesam vemuri <ramesamvijaya at yahoo.com>wrote: > >> >> >> "Scientist discovering the helplessness in the process of research has the >> right attitude and the MIND to appreciate and understand VEDANTA!" >> SWAMI SARVABHUTANANDA >> >> > >


text:
Easy Guacamole Recipe: How To Make Guacamole from scratch, loaded with fresh components. This effortless guacamole recipe tends to make a marvelous topper for Mexican…Read Full Article
Oven baked chicken thighs
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Not just another Thai Beef Salad….This is created with one particular little alter to produce a dressing from an award winning Thai restaurant, arguably 1…Read Full Article
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Ingredients 1 cup (two sticks) butter, space temperature, plus more for greasing the pan three cups all-objective flour one/2 teaspoon baking powder 1/2 teaspoon salt…Read Full Article
Eggplant casserole
Do you take photos typically? I am not speaking about waking up at three:00 am and setting up a fancy DSLR with a enormous lens…Read Full Article
Shrimp toast
I haven't had shrimp toast given that I was a kid. And even then, I've only ever had it at restaurants. A couple of weeks…Read Full Article


text: Tennis Tennis Stomach bug forces defending champion Dzumhur out of Antalya Open Illness forced 2018 champion Damir Dzumhur out of the Antalya Open, while two-time runner-up Adrian Mannarino was beaten in three sets. Harry West 28 June, 2019 02:02 IST Damir Dzumhur was 7-5 1-0 down against Jordan Thompson when he was forced to withdraw. - Getty Images Harry West 28 June, 2019 02:02 IST Damir Dzumhur's defence of the Antalya Open title is over after he was forced to retire from his quarter-final against Jordan Thompson with a stomach complaint.The Bosnian was 7-5 1-0 down when he was forced to withdraw, meaning third seed Thompson advanced to a last-four meeting with Miomir Kecmanovic, who booked his maiden ATP Tour semi-final spot by ousting Serbian compatriot Viktor Troicki 6-3 6-4.Last year's final saw Dzumhur defeat Adrian Mannarino, who was also runner-up to Yuichi Sugita in 2017, but there will be no third straight appearance in the decider for the second-seeded Frenchman after he lost out 3-6 7-6 (7-3) 6-3 to Lorenzo Sonego.READ: New rivalries ready to ignite men's tennisVictory sets up a first Tour semi-final for Sonego, who will next face Pablo Carreno Busta after he overcame Bernard Tomic in three sets.At the Nature Valley International, Kyle Edmund put a nightmare first set behind him to win an all-British tie against Dan Evans 1-6 6-3 6-4.Taylor Fritz, who will meet Edmund in the semi-finals, advanced in straight sets, as did his American compatriot Sam Querrey.Querrey ousted Fernando Verdasco to set up a last-four date with Thomas Fabbiano after his 6-4 6-3 beating of Gilles Simon. Subscribe to our daily newsletter Get your daily dose of Sportstar with handpicked stories delivered right to your inbox! SUBSCRIBE Please enter a valid email address. Dugout videos


text:
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text:
11 Jul 2019
They told me "HODL"
And then added "...this is not a financial advice".
08 Jul 2019
Meditative animation in case you get rekt.
02 Jul 2019
Banano rain with p5.js
It is soooo rainy in the jungle!
19 Jun 2019
MongoDB collections to csv
Export all MongoDB collections as csv without specifying fields.
20 May 2019
Cheese wizard
Behaving like an adult.
01 Apr 2019
Officially tight to this country.
26 Mar 2017
Extensive guide to Aachen
The list includes 12 most inspiring Aachen activities. Have fun!
20 Feb 2017
Smell of fresh socks
Washing machine is finally here.
milkyklim | 2019


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58 OCTOBER 2019 scca.com
While RallyCross is one of the newer programs the SCCA offers, the
overall event formula should feel familiar
to anyone who has attended a RallyCross
before. But while event familiarity is
a positive, too much familiarity can
sometimes breed contempt (or at least
indifference). To that end – even if you're
restricted by your site selection – there's
still plenty of ways to inject variety into
your Region's RallyCross program.
One of Detroit Region's signatureRallyCross events is the day/night event.
The Region traditionally holds this event
at one of its dirt oval sites with lighting in
the bowl and limited lighting outside of
it. While you don't necessarily need a site
with lights to run at night (Western Ohio
and Ohio Valley Regions have run events
without artificial light), Detroit Region
has found external lights make event
logistics and safety significantly easier.
Detroit Region's event usually starts witha test and tune in the morning, followedby regular timed runs in the afternoon,then more timed runs after the sun sets.
Even if the same course is run in both the
afternoon and the evening, running under
the lights presents a new challenge and
makes for a very unique experience.
RallyCross schools, something
Susquehanna Region has been hosting for
years, are also good ideas for alternative
events. School events are a great way to
bring new enthusiasts into the sport so that
they can learn the basics of car control and
how an event operates in a non-competitive
environment. Schools are also an opportunity
to train new specialty workers so that
you're not always relying on the same pool
of people to work critical assignments.
Some other non-traditional events areregional in nature. In the northern parts ofthe country, where the temperatures arefrigid enough to freeze inland lakes, it'snot out of the ordinary to find a group ofenthusiasts racing on them, with severalSCCA Regions sanctioning ice racingduring the winter months. The classesoffered will suit just about anything youalready have in your driveway. The biggestdifferentiator, however, will not be whatwheels are being used, but if you arerunning with studded tires or not. Bothpresent their own unique set of challenges.Even at regular Regional events, thereare ways to provide variety. Many sites allowenough flexibility that course designerscan set a course that runs one way in themorning and then flips for the afternoon.While easier said than done, this is a greatway to provide variety at events. And evengestures such as providing a lunch or dinnerduring an event (perhaps around a bonfire)are great ways to promote comradery andfun. At two-day events in the Great LakesDivision, the Saturday night RallyCrossbonfire is a time-honored tradition.
Truly, there's no need to reinvent
the wheel when it comes to spicing up
your Region's RallyCross program – all
you need is an open mind.
(LEFT and BELOW)
Hosting a RallyCross in
the evening or at night
can build excitement
even among the most
frequent of participants.
RallyCross is anything but boring, yet with a little creative thinking,
events can become spectacular | WORDS Matt Wolfe | IMAGES Philip Royle
Click to subscribe to this magazine


text:
An Enemy Within
Paul Foot
by Nigel West.
Weidenfeld, 208 pp., £10.95, March 1987,
Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire.
For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions.


text:
* Your assessment is very important for improving the work of artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
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LT4363 High Voltage Surge Stopper with Current Limit Features Description n n n n n n n n n n Withstands Surges Over 100V with VCC Clamp Wide Operating Voltage Range: 4V to 80V Adjustable Output Clamp Voltage Fast Overcurrent Limit: Less Than 5µs Reverse Input Protection to –60V Adjustable UV/OV Comparator Thresholds Low 7µA Shutdown Current Shutdown Pin Withstands –60V to 100V Adjustable Fault Timer Controls N-Channel MOSFET Less Than 1% Retry Duty Cycle During Faults, LT4363-2 n Available in 12-Pin (4mm × 3mm) DFN, 12-Pin MSOP and 16-Pin SO Packages The LT®4363 surge stopper protects loads from high voltage transients. It regulates the output during an overvoltage event, such as load dump in vehicles, by controlling the gate of an external N-channel MOSFET. The output is limited to a safe value allowing the loads to continue functioning. The LT4363 also monitors the voltage drop between the SNS and OUT pins to protect against overcurrent faults. An internal amplifier limits the voltage across the current sense resistor to 50mV. In either fault condition, a timer is started inversely proportional to MOSFET stress. Before the timer expires, the FLT pin pulls low to warn of an impending power down. If the condition persists, the MOSFET is turned off. The LT4363-1 remains off until reset whereas the LT4363-2 restarts after a cool down period. Applications Two precision comparators can monitor the input supply for overvoltage (OV) and undervoltage (UV) conditions. When the potential is below the UV threshold, the external MOSFET is kept off. If the input supply voltage is above the OV threshold, the MOSFET is not allowed to turn back on. Back-to-back MOSFETs can be used in lieu of a Schottky diode for reverse input protection, reducing voltage drop and power loss. A shutdown pin reduces the quiescent current to less than 7µA during shutdown. n n n n n Automotive/Avionic/Industrial Surge Protection Hot Swap™/Live Insertion High Side Switch for Battery Powered Systems Intrinsic Safety Applications L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks and No RSENSE, ThinSOT and Hot Swap are trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Typical Application 4A, 12V Overvoltage Output Regulator with 150V Surge Protection FDB33N25 VIN 12V 10mΩ 22µF 1k 10Ω 0.1µF 127k VCC SHDN UV 4.99k 49.9k GND TMR FLT 12V VOUT 20V/DIV SHDN GND ENOUT OV VCC DC/DC CONVERTER LT4363-2 80V INPUT SURGE CTMR = 6.8µF ILOAD = 500mA VIN 20V/DIV OUT FB SMAJ58A OUTPUT CLAMP AT 16V 57.6k GATE SNS Overvoltage Protector Regulates Output at 27V During Transient FAULT 27V ADJUSTABLE CLAMP 12V 100ms/DIV 4363 TA01b 4363 TA01 0.1µF 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 1 LT4363 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2) VCC, SHDN, UV, OV.................................... –60V to 100V SNS, OUT.................................................. –0.3V to 100V SNS to OUT.................................................. –30V to 30V GATE (Note 3)...................................–0.3V to SNS + 10V ENOUT, FLT............................................... –0.3V to 100V FB.............................................................. –0.3V to 5.5V TMR.......................................................................0.5mA Operating Temperature Range LT4363C................................................... 0°C to 70°C LT4363I.................................................–40°C to 85°C LT4363H............................................. –40°C to 125°C LT4363MP.......................................... –55°C to 125°C Storage Temperature Range DE12................................................... –65°C to 125°C MS, SO............................................... –65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) MS, SO.............................................................. 300°C Pin Configuration LT4363-1 LT4363-1 LT4363-1 TOP VIEW TOP VIEW FB 1 12 TMR OUT 2 11 ENOUT 10 FLT 9 GND 5 8 UV 6 7 GND SNS 3 GATE 4 VCC SHDN 13 GND TOP VIEW FB OUT SNS GATE VCC SHDN 12 11 10 9 8 7 TMR ENOUT FLT GND UV GND MS PACKAGE 12-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 135°C/W DE PACKAGE 12-LEAD (4mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 13) IS GND, CONNECTION TO PCB OPTIONAL LT4363-2 1 2 3 4 5 6 OUT 1 16 FB SNS 2 15 TMR NC 3 14 NC GATE 4 13 ENOUT NC 5 12 FLT VCC 6 11 GND NC 7 10 UV SHDN 8 9 S PACKAGE 16-LEAD PLASTIC SO TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 80°C/W LT4363-2 LT4363-2 TOP VIEW TOP VIEW FB 1 12 TMR OUT 2 11 ENOUT 10 FLT 9 GND 5 8 UV 6 7 OV SNS 3 GATE 4 VCC SHDN 13 GND GND DE PACKAGE 12-LEAD (4mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 13) IS GND, CONNECTION TO PCB OPTIONAL TOP VIEW FB OUT SNS GATE VCC SHDN 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 11 10 9 8 7 TMR ENOUT FLT GND UV OV MS PACKAGE 12-LEAD PLASTIC MSOP TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 135°C/W OUT 1 16 FB SNS 2 15 TMR NC 3 14 NC GATE 4 13 ENOUT NC 5 12 FLT VCC 6 11 GND NC 7 10 UV SHDN 8 9 OV S PACKAGE 16-LEAD PLASTIC SO TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 80°C/W 4363fb 2 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Order Information LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LT4363CDE-1#PBF LT4363CDE-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN 0°C to 70°C LT4363IDE-1#PBF LT4363IDE-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 85°C LT4363HDE-1#PBF LT4363HDE-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C LT4363CDE-2#PBF LT4363CDE-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN 0°C to 70°C LT4363IDE-2#PBF LT4363IDE-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 85°C LT4363HDE-2#PBF LT4363HDE-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C LT4363CMS-1#PBF LT4363CMS-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead Plastic MSOP 0°C to 70°C LT4363HMS-1#PBF LT4363HMS-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LT4363IMS-1#PBF LT4363IMS-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 85°C LT4363MPMS-1#PBF LT4363MPMS-1#TRPBF 43631 12-Lead Plastic MSOP –55°C to 125°C LT4363CMS-2#PBF LT4363CMS-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead Plastic MSOP 0°C to 70°C LT4363HMS-2#PBF LT4363HMS-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 125°C LT4363IMS-2#PBF LT4363IMS-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead Plastic MSOP –40°C to 85°C LT4363MPMS-2#PBF LT4363MPMS-2#TRPBF 43632 12-Lead Plastic MSOP –55°C to 125°C LT4363CS-1#PBF LT4363CS-1#TRPBF LT4363S-1 16-Lead Plastic SO 0°C to 70°C LT4363HS-1#PBF LT4363HS-1#TRPBF LT4363S-1 16-Lead Plastic SO –40°C to 125°C LT4363IS-1#PBF LT4363IS-1#TRPBF LT4363S-1 16-Lead Plastic SO –40°C to 85°C LT4363MPS-1#PBF LT4363MPS-1#TRPBF LT4363S-1 16-Lead Plastic SO –55°C to 125°C LT4363CS-2#PBF LT4363CS-2#TRPBF LT4363S-2 16-Lead Plastic SO 0°C to 70°C LT4363HS-2#PBF LT4363HS-2#TRPBF LT4363S-2 16-Lead Plastic SO –40°C to 125°C LT4363IS-2#PBF LT4363IS-2#TRPBF LT4363S-2 16-Lead Plastic SO –40°C to 85°C LT4363MPS-2#PBF LT4363MPS-2#TRPBF LT4363S-2 16-Lead Plastic SO –55°C to 125°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based finish parts. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/ Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 12V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN VCC Operating Voltage Range LT4363 l ICC VCC Supply Current SHDN Open, OUT = SNS = 12V SHDN = 0V, OUT = SNS = 0V l TYP MAX 80 V 0.7 7 1.2 20 40 mA µA µA –0.5 –3 –4 –10 mA mA 4 l IR Reverse Input Current VCC = –60V, SHDN, UV, OV Open VCC = SHDN = UV = OV = –60V ΔVGATE GATE Drive ΔVGATE = (GATE – SNS);VCC = OUT VCC = 4V; IGATE = –0.5µA, 0µA 9V ≤ VCC ≤ 80V; IGATE = –1µA, 0µA l l UNITS l l 4.5 10 13 16 V V –45 –65 µA µA IGATE(UP) GATE Pull-Up Current VCC = GATE = OUT = 12V VCC = GATE = OUT = 48V l l –15 –20 –30 –40 IGATE(DN) GATE Pull-Down Current Overvoltage: FB = 1.5V, GATE = 12V, OUT = 5V Overcurrent: ΔVSNS = 150mV, VGATE = 10V, OUT = 0V Shutdown/UV Mode:SHDN = 0V, GATE = 10V UV = 1V, GATE = 10V l l l l 75 50 50 200 150 100 1000 1000 VFB FB Servo Voltage GATE = 12V; OUT = 8V l 1.25 1.275 mA mA µA µA 1.3 V 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 3 LT4363 Electrical Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = 12V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS IFB FB Input Current VFB = 1.275V l ±0.2 ±1 µA ΔVSNS Current Limit Sense Voltage ΔVSNS = (SNS – OUT) VCC = 12V, OUT = 3V to 12V VCC = 48V, OUT = 3V to 48V l l 45 48 50 53 55 58 mV mV Current Limit Foldback VCC = 12V, OUT = 0V to 1V VCC = 48V, OUT = 0V to 1V l l 15 16 25 27 35 36 mV mV ISNS SNS Input Current OUT = SNS = 3V to 80V OUT = SNS = 0V l l 20 –10 40 –15 µA µA ITMR TMR Pull-up Current, Overvoltage TMR = 1V, FB = 1.5V, ΔVDS = 0.5V TMR = 1V, FB = 1.5V, ΔVDS = 75V l l –1.7 –42 –4 –50 –6 –58 µA µA TMR Pull-up Current, OV Warning TMR = 1.325V, FB = 1.5V, ΔVDS = 0.5V l –3 –5 –7 µA TMR Pull-up Current, Overcurrent TMR = 1V, ΔVSNS = 100mV, ΔVDS = 0.5V TMR = 1V, ΔVSNS = 100mV, ΔVDS = 80V l l –5 –190 –9 –250 –13 –310 µA µA TMR Pull-up Current, Cool Down TMR = 3V, FB = 1.5V, ΔVSNS = 0V, ΔVDS = 0V l –1 –2.3 –3.5 µA 1 2 4 µA 1.235 1.335 0.47 1.275 1.375 0.5 1.31 1.41 0.53 V V V TMR Pin Pull-down Current, Cool Down VTMR = 3V, FB = 1.5V, ΔVSNS = 0V, ΔVDS = 0V l VTMR(F) VTMR(G) VTMR(R) TMR Fault Threshold TMR Gate Off Threshold TMR Restart Threshold TMR Rising TMR Rising TMR Falling, LT4363-2 l l l ΔVTMR Early Warning Window VTMR(G) – VTMR(F) l 80 100 120 mV VTMR(H) TMR Cool Down High Threshold VCC = 7V to 80V, TMR Rising l 3.5 4.3 5.4 V VUV UV Input Threshold UV Rising l 1.24 1.275 1.31 VUV(HYST) UV Input Hysteresis 12 VOV OV Input Threshold VOV(HYST) OV Input Hysteresis IIN UV, OV Input Current UV = 1.275V UV = –60V l l ±0.2 –1 ±1 –2 ILEAK FLT, ENOUT Leakage Current FLT, ENOUT = 80V l ±0.5 ±2.5 µA VOL FLT, ENOUT Output Low ISINK = 0.1mA ISINK = 2mA l l 300 2 800 9 mV V ΔVOUT(TH) OUT High Threshold ΔVOUT = VCC – VOUT, ENOUT From Low to High l 0.25 0.5 0.75 V ENOUT From High to Low l 1.8 2.7 3.6 V l l 0.25 0.25 0.5 1 mA mA 0.6 0.4 1.4 1.7 2.1 V V –1 –4 ΔVOUT(RST) OUT Reset Threshold OV Rising l 1.24 1.275 V mV 1.31 7.5 IOUT OUT Input Current VCC = OUT = 12V, SHDN Open VCC = OUT = 12V, SHDN = 0V VSHDN SHDN Threshold VCC = 4V to 80V l VSHDN(Z) SHDN Open Voltage VCC = 4V to 80V l ISHDN SHDN Current SHDN = 0.4V l tRESET SHDN Reset Time SHDN ≤ 0.4V; LT4363-1 l D Retry Duty Cycle; Overvoltage VCC = 80V, OUT = 16V, FB = 1.5V; LT4363-2 l 1 Retry Duty Cycle; Output Short VCC = 12V, OUT = 0V, ∆VSNS = 100mV; LT4363-2 l V mV µA mA 2.2 V –8 µA 100 µs 2 % 0.76 1 % tOFF(UV) Undervoltage Turn Off Propagation Delay UV Steps from 1.5V to 1V l 2 5 µs tOFF(OV) Overvoltage Turn Off Propagation Delay FB Steps from 0V to 1.5V; OUT = 0V l 0.25 1 µs tOFF(OC) Overcurrent Turn Off Propagation Delay ∆VSNS Steps from 0V to 150mV; OUT = 0V l 1 2.5 µs Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: All currents into device pins are positive, all currents out of device pins are negative. All voltages are referenced to GND unless otherwise specified. Note 3: An internal clamp limits the GATE pin to a minimum of 10V above the OUT pin. Driving this pin to voltages beyond the clamp may damage the device. 4363fb 4 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Typical Performance Characteristics otherwise noted. 1000 Supply Current vs Supply Voltage (ICC vs VCC) 8 Specifications are at VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C, unless Supply Current During Shutdown vs Temperature (ICC(SHDN) vs Temperature) 6 OUT = SNS = 0V 7 5 4 400 ICC (µA) 5 600 4 3 2 1 1 10 20 30 40 50 VCC (V) 60 70 0 –50 80 SHDN = 0V 0 125 SHDN = 0.4V 1.5 1.0 75 0 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 –30 –20 0 125 4363 G04 GATE Pull-Down Current vs Temperature: Overcurrent 200 175 175 150 150 IGATE(DN,OV) (mA) 200 100 75 0 10 20 30 40 50 VCC (V) 60 70 –15 –50 80 70 80 4363 G03 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 Gate Drive Voltage vs Gate Pull-Down Current ΔVGATE vs IGATE VCC = SNS = OUT 13 75 SNS = OUT = 5V 25 GATE = 12V FB = 1.5V 0 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 4363 G07 60 4363 G06 14 100 50 –25 4363 G05 125 ∆VSNS = 150mV 25 OUT = 0V GATE = 10V 0 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 125 40 50 VCC (V) –20 50 100 30 –25 GATE Pull-Down Current vs Temperature: Overvoltage 125 20 –30 ∆VGATE (V) –25 10 –35 –10 0.5 0 –50 0 GATE Pull-Up Current vs Temperature GATE Pull-Up Current vs VCC –40 IGATE(UP) (µA) ICC(SHDN) (µA) 100 4363 G02 –50 2.0 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 4363 G01 3.0 2.5 –25 IGATE(UP) (µA) 0 SHDN Current vs Temperature IGATE(DN,OC) (mA) 3 2 200 0 OUT = SNS = 0V 6 ICC (µA) ICC (µA) 800 Supply Current During Shutdown vs Supply Voltage (ICC(SHDN) vs VCC) 12 11 100 125 4363 G08 10 0 –2 –6 –4 IGATE (µA) –8 –10 4363 G09 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 5 LT4363 Typical Performance Characteristics Specifications are at VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. TMR High Threshold vs Supply Voltage 5 VCC = SNS = OUT IGATE = 0µA 4 12 11 10 IGATE = 1µA 8 VTMR (V) IGATE = –1µA 12 Gate Drive vs Supply Voltage (ΔVGATE vs VCC) 14 IGATE = 0µA 13 ∆VGATE (V) 16 ∆VGATE (V) 14 Gate Drive vs Temperature (ΔVGATE vs Temperature) 6 3 2 4 2 VCC = SNS = OUT 10 –50 75 0 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) –25 100 0 125 0 4 8 4363 G10 Overvoltage TMR Current vs (VCC – VOUT) –50 –260 TMR = 1V 70 1 80 –10 –7 TMR = 1V 20 30 40 50 VCC – VOUT (V) 60 70 –160 –120 –80 0 80 TMR = 1V ITMR(UP,COOL) (µA) 2.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.4 0 –50 –25 75 0 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 4363 G16 40 50 VCC (V) 60 70 80 4363 G12 ∆VDS = 0.5V –5 –4 0 10 20 30 40 50 VCC – VOUT (V) 60 70 80 –2 –2.5 5 –2.0 4 –1.5 2 –0.5 1 75 0 25 50 TEMPERATURE (°C) 20 30 100 125 4363 G17 40 50 VCC (V) 60 70 80 4363 G15 OUT = SNS = 3V 3 –1.0 –25 10 Output Low Voltage vs Current 6 TMR = 3V 0 –50 0 4363 G14 TMR Pull-Up Current (Cool Down) vs Temperature –3.0 30 –3 4363 G13 TMR Pull-Down Current vs Temperature 20 –6 VOL (V) 10 10 Warning Period TMR Current vs VCC –40 0 0 4363 G11 ITMR(OV,EW) (µA) ITMR(UP,OC) (µA) ITMR(UP,OV) (µA) –20 ITMR(DN) (µA) 60 –220 –30 2.4 16 20 VCC (V) Overcurrent TMR Current vs (VCC – VOUT) –40 0 12 0 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 ISINK (mA) 2.5 3.0 4363 G18 4363fb 6 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Typical Performance Characteristics otherwise noted. Overcurrent Turn-Off Time vs Temperature 350 1.4 300 1.2 250 1.0 tOFF(OC) (µs) tOFF(OV) (ns) Overvoltage Turn-Off Time vs Temperature 200 150 50 0.2 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 OUT = 3V ∆VSNS = 300mV 0.6 0.4 –25 OUT = 0V ∆VSNS = 150mV 0.8 100 0 –50 Specifications are at VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C, unless 0 –50 125 –25 0 25 50 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 4363 G19 4363 G20 Reverse Current vs Reverse Voltage –7 Current Limit Foldback (ΔVSNS vs OUT) 60 VCC = SHDN –6 50 40 ∆VSNS (mV) IGND (mA) –5 –4 –3 30 20 –2 10 –1 0 125 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 VCC (V) 0 0 4363 G21 1 2 3 4 5 OUT (V) 4363 G22 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 7 LT4363 Pin Functions ENOUT: Open Collector Enable Output. The ENOUT pin goes high impedance when the voltage at the OUT pin is within 0.5V of VCC and 3V above GND, indicating the external MOSFET is fully on. The state of the pin is latched until the OUT pin voltage drops below 2V, resetting the latch. The internal NPN is capable of sinking up to 2mA of current. below the threshold of 0.4V. Pull this pin above 2.1V or disconnect it to allow the internal current source to turn the part back on. The leakage current to ground at the pin should be limited to no more than 1µA if no external pull up is used to turn the part on. The SHDN pin can be pulled up to 100V or below GND by 60V without damage. Exposed Pad (DFN Package Only): Exposed pad may be left open or connected to device ground (GND). SNS: Current Sense Input. Connect this pin to the input of the current sense resistor. The current limit circuit controls the GATE pin to limit the sense voltage between SNS and OUT pins to 50mV. This is reduced to 25mV in a severe fault when OUT is below 2V. When in current limit mode, a current source charges up the TMR pin. The voltage difference with the OUT pin must be limited to less than 30V. Connect to OUT pin if unused. FB: Voltage Regulator Feedback Input. Connect this pin to the center tap of the resistive divider connected between the OUT pin and ground. During an overvoltage condition, the GATE pin is controlled to maintain a 1.275V threshold at the FB pin. Connect to GND to disable the OV clamp. FLT: Open Collector Fault Output. This pin pulls low after the voltage at the TMR pin has reached the fault threshold of 1.275V. It indicates the pass transistor is about to turn off because either the supply voltage has stayed at an elevated level for an extended period of time (voltage fault) or the device is in an overcurrent condition (current fault). The internal NPN is capable of sinking up to 2mA of current. GATE: N-Channel MOSFET Gate Drive Output. The GATE pin is pulled up by an internal charge pump current source to 13V above the OUT pin. A 14V protection clamp limits this voltage during faults. Both voltage and current amplifiers control the GATE pin to regulate the output voltage and limit the current through the MOSFET. GND: Device Ground. OUT: Output Voltage Sense Input. This pin senses the voltage at the source of the external N-channel MOSFET. The voltage difference between VCC and OUT sets the fault timer current. When this difference drops below 0.5V, the EN pin goes high impedance. OV (LT4363-2): Overvoltage Comparator Input. When OV is above its threshold of 1.275V, the fault retry function is inhibited even when the TMR pin voltage has reached its retry threshold. As soon as the voltage at OV pin falls below its lower threshold the GATE pin is allowed to turn back on. Connect to GND if unused. SHDN: Shutdown Control Input. The LT4363 can be shutdown to a low current mode by pulling the SHDN pin TMR: Fault Timer Input. Connect a capacitor between this pin and ground to set the times for early fault warning, fault turn-off, and cool down periods. The current charging up this pin during fault conditions depends on the voltage difference between the VCC and OUT pins. When TMR reaches 1.275V, the FLT pin pulls low to indicate the detection of a fault condition. If the condition persists, the pass transistor turns off when TMR reaches the threshold of 1.375V. A 2µA current source then continues to pull the TMR up. When TMR reaches 4.3V, the 2µA current reverses direction and starts to pull the TMR pin low. When TMR reaches the retry threshold of 0.5V, the GATE pin pulls high turning back on the pass transistor for the LT4363-2 version. The GATE pin latches low after fault time out for the LT4363-1. A minimum of 10nF capacitor is needed to compensate the loop. UV: Undervoltage Comparator Input. When UV falls below its threshold of 1.275V, the GATE is pulled down with a 1mA current. When UV rises above 1.275V plus the hysteresis, the pull down current disappears and the GATE pin is pulled up by the internal charge pump. If unused, connect to VCC. VCC: Positive Supply Voltage Input. The positive supply input ranges from 4V to 80V for normal operation. It can also be pulled below ground by up to 60V during a reverse battery condition, without damaging the part. Shutting down the LT4363 by pulling the SHDN pin to ground will reduce the supply current to 7µA. 4363fb 8 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Block Diagram VCC GATE SNS 14V OUT CHARGE PUMP + – FB + + VA – – 50mV/ 25mV IA SHDN UV 1.275V FLT SHDN – ENOUT UV + CONTROL LOGIC 1.275V + RETRY – GATEOFF OV (LT4363-2 ONLY) 1.375V FLT – 0.5V ITMR – + VCC + + 2µA 1.275V – + 4.3V TMR – GND 4363 BD 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 9 LT4363 Operation Some power systems must cope with high voltage surges of short duration such as those in vehicles. Load circuitry must be protected from these transients, yet high availability systems must continue operating during these events. sufficient time for TMR to discharge to 0.5V and for the MOSFET to cool before attempting to reset the part. To reset, pull the SHDN pin low for at least 100µs, then pull high with a slew rate of at least 10V/ms. The LT4363 is an overvoltage protection regulator that drives an external N-channel MOSFET as the pass transistor. It operates from a wide supply voltage range of 4V to 80V. It can also be pulled below ground potential by up to 60V without damage. The low power supply requirement of 4V allows it to operate even during cold cranking conditions in automotive applications. The internal charge pump turns on the N-channel MOSFET to supply current to the loads with very little power loss. Two MOSFETs can be connected back to back to replace an inline Schottky diode for reverse input protection. This improves the efficiency and increases the available supply voltage level to the load circuitry during cold crank. The fault timer allows the load to continue functioning during short transient events while protecting the MOSFET from being damaged by a long period of supply overvoltage, such as a load dump in vehicles. The timer period varies with the voltage across the MOSFET. A higher voltage corresponds to a shorter fault timer period, helping to keep the MOSFET within its safe operating area (SOA). Normally, the pass transistor is fully on, powering the loads with very little voltage drop. When the supply voltage surges too high, the voltage amplifier (VA) controls the gate of the MOSFET and regulates the voltage at the OUT pin to a level that is set by the external resistive divider from the OUT pin to ground and the internal 1.275V reference. A current source starts charging up the capacitor connected at the TMR pin to ground. If the TMR voltage reaches 1.275V, the FLT pin pulls low to indicate impending turn-off due to the overvoltage condition. The pass transistor stays on until TMR reaches 1.375V, at which point the GATE pin pulls low turning off the MOSFET. The LT4363 senses an overcurrent condition by monitoring the voltage across an optional sense resistor placed between the SNS and OUT pins. An active current limit circuit (IA) controls the GATE pin to limit the sense voltage to 50mV, if the OUT pin potential is above 2V. In the case of a severe output short that brings OUT below 2V, the servo sense voltage is reduced to 25mV to reduce the stress on the pass transistor. During current limit, the current charging the TMR capacitor is about 5 times the current during an overvoltage event. The FLT pin pulls low when the TMR voltage reaches 1.275V and the MOSFET is turned off when it reaches 1.375V. The MOSFET turns back on and the FLT pin returns to a high impedance state after TMR has reached the 0.5V threshold for the LT4363‑2 version. For the latch-off version, LT4363-1, both the GATE and FLT pins remain low even after TMR has reached the 0.5V threshold. Reset the part in the same way as in overvoltage time-out case. A current continues to pull the TMR pin up until it reaches about 4.3V, at which point the current reverses direction and pulls the TMR pin down. For the LT4363-2 version, when the voltage at the TMR pin reaches 0.5V the GATE pin begins rising, turning on the MOSFET. The FLT pin will then return to a high impedance state. For the latch-off version, LT4363-1, both the GATE and FLT pins remain low even after TMR has reached the 0.5V threshold. Allow An accurate undervoltage comparator keeps the GATE pin low until the voltage at the UV pin is above the 1.275V threshold. An overvoltage comparator prevents the MOSFET from turning on after fault time-out while the voltage at the OV pin is still above 1.275V for the LT4363‑2. The SHDN pin turns off the pass transistor and all the internal circuitry, reducing the supply current to a mere 7µA. 4363fb 10 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Applications Information The LT4363 limits the voltage and current delivered to the load during supply transient or output overload events. The total fault timer period is set to ride through short-duration faults, while longer events cause the output to shut off and protect the MOSFET pass device from damage. The MOSFET provides a low resistance path from the input to the load during normal operation, while in fault conditions it operates as a series regulator. Overvoltage Fault The LT4363 limits the voltage at the output during an overvoltage at the input. An internal amplifier regulates the GATE pin to maintain 1.275V at the FB pin. During this interval the MOSFET is on and supplies current to the load. This allows uninterrupted operation during short overvoltage events. If the overvoltage condition persists, the timer causes the MOSFET to turn off. Overcurrent Fault The LT4363 features and adjustable current limit that protects against output short circuits or excessive load current. During an overcurrent event, the GATE pin is regulated to limit the current sense voltage across the SNS and OUT pins to 50mV. In the case of a severe short at the output, where OUT is less than 2V, the current sense voltage is reduced to 25mV to further reduce power dissipation in the MOSFET. If the overcurrent condition persists, the timer causes the MOSFET to turn off. Fault Timer Overview Overvoltage and overcurrent conditions are limited in duration by an adjustable timer. A capacitor at the TMR pin sets the delay time before a fault condition is reported at the FLT pin as well as the overall delay before the MOSFET is turned off. The same capacitor also sets the cool down time before the MOSFET is allowed to turn back on. When either an overvoltage or overcurrent fault condition occurs, a current source charges the TMR pin capacitor. The exact current level varies as a function of the type of fault and the VDS voltage drop across the MOSFET. This scheme takes better advantage of the MOSFET's available Safe Operating Area (SOA) than would a fixed timer current. The TMR pin is biased to 0.5V under normal operating conditions. In the presence of a fault the timer first charges to 1.275V, and then enters the early warning phase of operation. At this point the FLT pin pulls low and after charging to 1.375V, the timer shuts off the MOSFET. The warning phase is indicated by FLT low and gives time for the load to perform house-keeping chores such as data storage in anticipation of impending power loss. After faulting off, the timer enters the cool down phase. At the end of the cool down period the LT4363-1 remains off until reset, while the LT4363-2 automatically restarts. For the LT4363-2 retry is inhibited if the OV pin is greater than 1.275V. This prevents motorboating in the event there is a sustained input overvoltage condition. Fault Timer Operation in Overvoltage In the presence of an overvoltage condition when the LT4363 regulates the output voltage, the timer charges from 0.5V to 1.275V with a current that varies as a function of VDS (see Figure 1). VDS is inferred from the drop across VCC and OUT. The timer current increases linearly from around 4µA with VDS ≤ 0.5V, to 50µA with VDS = 75V. Because VDS is measured indirectly, clamping or filtering at the VCC pin affects the timer current response. A graph of Overvoltage TMR Current vs (VCC – VOUT) is shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics. When TMR reaches 1.275V, the FLT pin is latched low as an early warning of impending shutdown. The timer current is cut to a fixed value of 6µA and continues to run until TMR reaches 1.375V, producing a fixed early warning period given by: CTMR = t WARNING • 6µA 100mV When TMR reaches 1.375V, the MOSFET is turned off and allowed to cool for an extended period. The total elapsed time between the onset of output regulation and turn-off is given by: tREG = CTMR • 0.775V 100mV + ITMR 6µA Because ITMR is a function of VCC – VOUT, the exact time in regulation depends upon the input waveform and the time required for the output voltage to come into regulation. 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 11 LT4363 Applications Information Fault Timer Operation in Overcurrent TMR pin behavior in overcurrent is substantially the same as in overvoltage. In the presence of an overcurrent condition when the LT4363 regulates the output current, the timer charges from 0.5V to 1.275V with a current that varies as a function of VDS (see Figure 2). The current is about 5 times the value produced in overvoltage, under similar conditions VDS, increasing linearly from 8µA with VDS < 0.5V to 260µA with VDS = 80V. VDS is inferred from the drop across VCC and OUT. Because VDS is measured indirectly, clamping or filtering at the VCC pin affects the timer current response. A graph of Overcurrent TMR Current vs (VCC – VOUT) is shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics. VTMR(V) ITMR = 6µA ITMR = 6µA 1.375 1.275 VDS = 75V (ITMR = 50µA) 0.50 TIME tWARNING = 16.67ms/µF tFLT = 96.9ms/µF tWARNING = 16.67ms/µF TOTAL FAULT TIMER = tFLT + tWARNING CTMR = t WARNING • ITMR 100mV When TMR reaches 1.375V, the MOSFET is turned off and allowed to cool for an extended period. The total elapsed time between the onset of current limiting and turn-off is given by: tLIM = CTMR • 0.875V ITMR Because ITMR is a function of VCC – VOUT, the exact time in current limit depends upon the input waveform and the time required for the output current to come into regulation. Cool Down Phase VDS = 10V (ITMR = 8µA) tFLT = 15.5ms/µF When TMR reaches 1.275V, the FLT pin is latched low as an early warning of impending shutdown. But unlike the overvoltage case, the timer current is not reduced and instead continues unabated until TMR reaches 1.375V, producing an early warning period given by: Cool Down behavior is the same whether initiated by overvoltage or overcurrent. During the cool down phase, the timer continues to charge from 1.375V to 4.3V with 2µA, and then discharges back down to 0.5V with 2µA, for a total equivalent voltage swing of 6.725V. The cool down time is given by: 4363 F01 Figure 1. Overvoltage Fault Timer Current VTMR(V) tCOOL = CTMR • 2.925V +3.8V 2µA Up to this point the operation of the LT4363-1 and LT4363-2 is the same. Behavior at the end of the cool down phase and in response to the SHDN pin is entirely different. 1.375 1.275 VDS = 80V (ITMR = 260µA) 0.50 tFLT = 2.98ms/µF VDS = 10V (ITMR = 35µA) TIME tWARNING = 0.38ms/µF tFLT = 22.14ms/µF TOTAL FAULT TIMER = tFLT + tWARNING tWARNING = 2.86ms/µF Figure 2. Overcurrent Fault Timer Current 4363 F02 At the end of the cool down phase the LT4363-1 remains latched off and FLT remains low. It may be restarted by pulling the SHDN pin low for at least 100µs or by cycling power. The cool down phase may be interrupted at anytime by pulling SHDN low for at least 1s/µF of CTMR; the LT4363-1 will restart when SHDN goes high. The LT4363-2 will automatically retry at the end of the cool down phase. Retry is inhibited if the OV pin is above 1.275V; this prevents repetitive retries while the input is held in a sustained overvoltage condition. Retry is auto4363fb 12 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Applications Information matically initiated once the OV pin falls below 1.268V. OV has no effect on initial start-up when power is first applied and upon exiting shutdown. The cool down phase may be interrupted in the LT4363-2 by pulling SHDN low for at least 1s/µF of CTMR. For both the LT4363-1 and LT4363-2 the FLT pin goes high in shutdown and is cleared high when power is first applied to VCC. If FLT is set low, it can be reset during the cool down phase by pulling SHDN low for at least 1s/µF of CTMR. Intermittent Fault Conditions Brief overvoltage or overcurrent conditions interrupt the operation of the timer. If the TMR pin has not yet reached 1.275V when the input falls below the regulation value or drops out of current limit, the timer capacitor is discharged back to 0.5V with a 2µA current sink. If the TMR voltage crosses 1.275V FLT is set low. If the overvoltage or overcurrent abates before reaching 1.375V, the timer capacitor discharges with 2µA back to 0.5V, whereupon FLT resets high. If several short overvoltage or overcurrent events occur in rapid succession, the timer capacitor will integrate the charging and discharging currents. MOSFET Selection The LT4363 drives an N-channel MOSFET to conduct the load current. The important features of the MOSFET are on-resistance RDS(ON), the maximum drain-source voltage V(BR)DSS, the threshold voltage, and the SOA. The maximum allowable drain-source voltage must be higher than the supply voltage. If the output is shorted to ground or during an overvoltage event, the full supply voltage will appear across the MOSFET. The gate drive for the MOSFET is guaranteed to be more than 10V and less than 16V for those applications with VCC higher than 9V. This allows the use of standard threshold voltage N-channel MOSFETs. For systems with VCC less than 9V, a logic level MOSFET is required since the gate drive can be as low as 4.5V. dissipating very little power. But during either overvoltage or overcurrent faults, the GATE pin is controlled to regulate either the output voltage or the current through the MOSFET. Large current and high voltage drop across the MOSFET can coexist in these cases. The SOA curves of the MOSFET must be considered carefully along with the selection of the fault timer capacitor. Transient Stress in the MOSFET During an overvoltage event, the LT4363 drives a series pass MOSFET to regulate the output voltage at an acceptable level. The load circuitry may continue operating throughout this interval, but only at the expense of dissipation in the MOSFET pass device. MOSFET dissipation or stress is a function of the input voltage waveform, regulation voltage and load current. The MOSFET must be sized to survive this stress. Most transient event specifications use the prototypical waveshape shown in Figure 3, comprising a linear ramp of rise time tr, reaching a peak voltage of VPK and exponentially decaying back to VIN with a time constant of τ. A common automotive transient specification has constants of tr = 10µs, VPK = 80V and τ = 1ms. A surge condition known as load dump commonly has constants of tr = 5ms, VPK = 60V and τ = 200ms. MOSFET stress is the result of power dissipated within the device. For long duration surges of 100ms or more, stress is increasingly dominated by heat transfer; this is a matter of device packaging and mounting, and heat sink thermal mass. This is best analyzed by simulation, using the MOSFET thermal model. For short duration transients of less than 100ms, MOSFET survival is increasingly a matter of safe operating area VPK τ VIN The SOA of the MOSFET must encompass all fault conditions. In normal operation the pass transistor is fully on, tr 4363 F03 Figure 3. Prototypical Transient Waveform 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 13 LT4363 Applications Information (SOA), an intrinsic property of the MOSFET. SOA quantifies the time required at any given condition of VDS and ID to raise the junction temperature of the MOSFET to its rated maximum. MOSFET SOA is expressed in units of watt-squared-seconds (P2t). This figure is essentially constant for intervals of less than 100ms for any given device type, and rises to infinity under DC operating conditions. Destruction mechanisms other than bulk die temperature distort the lines of an accurately drawn SOA graph so that P2t is not the same for all combinations of ID and VDS. In particular P2t tends to degrade as VDS approaches the maximum rating, rendering some devices useless for absorbing energy above a certain voltage. When a fast input voltage step occurs, the current through the pass transistor to supply the load and charge up the output capacitor can be high enough to trigger an overcurrent event. The gate pulls low to 1V above the OUT pin, turning off the MOSFET momentarily. The internal charge pump will then start to pull the GATE pin high and turn on the MOSFET to support the load current and charge up the OUT pin. The fault timer may not start yet because the current level is below the overcurrent limit threshold and the output voltage has not reached the servo voltage. This extra stress needs to be included in calculating the overall stress level of the MOSFET. a = VREG – VIN b = VPK – VIN (VIN = Nominal Input Voltage) Then P 2 t = ILOAD2 • 1 (b – a ) 1 2 b + τ 2a ln +3a 2 +b2 - 4ab tr b 2 a 3 3 Typically VREG ≈ VIN and τ » tr simplifying the above to 1 2 P 2 t = ILOAD2 ( VPK – VREG ) τ 2 [W 2s] For the transient conditions of VPK = 80V, VIN = 12V, VREG = 16V, tr = 10µs and τ = 1ms, and a load current of 3A, P2t is 18.4W2s – easily handled by a MOSFET in a DPAK package. The P2t of other transient waveshapes is evaluated by integrating the square of MOSFET power over time. LTSpice can be used to simulate timer behavior for more complex transients and cases where overvoltage and overcurrent faults coexist. Calculating Short-Circuit Stress Calculating Transient Stress To select a MOSFET suitable for any given application, the SOA stress must be calculated for each input transient which shall not interrupt operation. It is then a simple matter to choose a device which has adequate SOA to survive the maximum calculated stress. P2t for a prototypical transient waveform is calculated as follows (Figure 4): VPK τ SOA stress must also be calculated for short-circuit conditions. Short-circuit P2t is given by: 2 ∆V P t = ∆VDS • SNS • t TMR RSNS 2 [W 2s] Where ΔVDS is the voltage across the MOSFET, and ΔVSNS is the SNS pin threshold, and tTMR is the overcurrent timer interval. For VIN = 15V, ΔVDS = 13V (VOUT = 2V), ΔVSNS = 50mV, RSNS = 12mΩ and CTMR = 100nF, P2t is 6.3W2s – less than the transient SOA calculated in the previous example. Nevertheless, to account for circuit tolerances this figure should be doubled to 12.6W2s. VREG VIN Let tr 4363 F04 Figure 4. Safe Operating Area Required to Survive Prototypical Transient Waveform 4363fb 14 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Applications Information Limiting Inrush Current and GATE Pin Compensation The LT4363 limits the inrush current to any load capacitance by controlling the GATE pin voltage slew rate. An external capacitor can be connected from GATE to ground to reduce the inrush current at the expense of slower turn-off time. The gate capacitor is set at: C1= IGATE(UP) IINRUSH •CL threshold during a fault. The pass transistor is not allowed to turn back on even after the cool down period has finished. This prevents the pass transistor from cycling between ON and OFF states when the input voltage stays at an elevated level for a long period of time, reducing the stress on the N-channel MOSFET. For the latch-off version, LT4363-1, the overvoltage comparator function is not available. Reverse Input Protection The LT4363 does not need extra compensation components at the GATE pin for stability during an overvoltage or overcurrent event. With transient input voltage slew rates faster than 5V/µs, a gate capacitor, C1, to ground is needed to prevent self enhancement of the N-channel MOSFET. A blocking diode is commonly employed to protect the load when reverse input is possible, such as in automotive applications. This diode causes extra power loss, generates heat, and reduces the available supply voltage range. During cold crank, the extra voltage drop across the diode is particularly undesirable. The extra gate capacitance slows down the turn off time during fault conditions and may allow excessive current during an output short event. An extra resistor, R1, in series with the gate capacitor can improve the turn off time. A diode, D1, should be placed across R1 with the cathode connected to C1 as shown in Figure 5. The LT4363 is designed to withstand reverse voltage without damage to itself. The VCC, SHDN, UV, and OV pins can withstand up to 60V of DC voltage below the GND potential. Back-to-back MOSFETs must be used to block the current path through Q1's body diode (Figure 6). Figure 7 shows the approach with a P-channel MOSFET in place of Q2. Q1 Q2 IRLR2908 VIN 12V D1 1N4148W D1* SMAJ58CA R3 R1 Q3 2N3904 RSNS 10mΩ Q1 IRLR2908 R4 R5 10Ω 1M VOUT 12V, 3A CLAMPED AT 16V R3 10Ω R1 57.6k C1 GATE D2 1N4148 LT4363 4363 F05 5 Figure 5. External GATE network R7 10k C1 47nF 3 SNS 4 GATE VCC 2 OUT FB 1 R2 4.99k Undervoltage/Overvoltage Comparators LT4363DE-2 The LT4363 has both undervoltage and overvoltage comparators that can be used to sense the input supply voltage. When the voltage at the UV pin is below the 1.275V threshold, the GATE pin is held low to keep the external MOSFET off. The supply voltage at the VCC pin should be at least 4V for the UV comparator to function. The overvoltage comparator prevents the LT4363-2 from restarting if the voltage at the OV pin is above the 1.275V 6 8 7 SHDN ENOUT UV OV GND 9 *DIODES INC. FLT TMR 12 11 10 4363 F06 CTMR 0.1µF Figure 6. Overvoltage Regulator with N-channel MOSFET Reverse Input Protection 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 15 LT4363 Applications Information VIN 12V Q2 SI7461DP D1* SMAJ58CA R7 10k 5 RSNS 10mΩ Q1 IRLR2908 D2 1N5245 15V C1 47nF VOUT 12V, 3A CLAMPED AT 16V R3 10Ω 4 GATE VCC 2 OUT FB 1 LT4363DE-2 8 7 SHDN ENOUT OV GND 9 *DIODES INC. FLT TMR 12 11 10 4363 F07 CTMR 0.1µF Figure 7. Overvoltage Regulator with P-channel MOSFET Reverse Input Protection Shutdown The LT4363 can be shut down to a low current mode when the voltage at the SHDN pin is pulled below the shutdown threshold of 0.4V. The quiescent current drops down to 7µA with internal circuitry turned off. The SHDN pin can be pulled up to 100V or below GND by up to 60V without damage. Leaving the pin open allows an internal current source to pull it up and turn on the part while clamping the pin to 2.2V. The leakage current at the pin should be limited to no more than 1µA if no pull up device is used to help turn it on. Supply Transient Protection The LT4363 is tested to operate to 80V and guaranteed to be safe from damage up to 100V. Nevertheless, voltage transients above 100V may cause permanent damage. During a short-circuit condition, the large change in current flowing through power supply traces and associated wiring can cause inductive voltage transients which could exceed 100V. To minimize the voltage transients, the power trace parasitic inductance should be minimized by using wide traces. A small RC filter, in Figure 8, at the VCC pin will clamp the voltage spikes. RSNS 10mΩ VOUT CL** 22µF R3 10Ω 3 4 VCC GATE SNS R1 100k 2 OUT 5 FB 1 R2 4.99k D1* SMAJ58A 6 R4 374k UV C1 47nF R7 1k C2 0.1µF R2 4.99k 6 VIN R1 57.6k 3 SNS Q1 FDB33N25 R5 90.9k R6 10k 8 SHDN VCC LT4363DE-2 DC/DC CONVERTER UV ENOUT 7 OV GND 9 TMR 12 FLT 11 10 SHDN FAULT 4363 F08 CTMR 47nF GND *DIODES INC. **SANYO 25CE22GA Figure 8. Overvoltage Regulator with Input Voltage Detection Another way to limit transients above 100V at the VCC pin is to use a Zener diode and a resistor, D1 and R7 in Figure 8. The Zener diode limits the voltage at the pin while the resistor limits the current through the diode to a safe level during the surge. However, D1 can be omitted if the filtered voltage, due to R7 and C1, at the VCC pin is below 100V. The inclusion of R7 in series with the VCC pin will increase the minimum required voltage at VIN due to the extra voltage drop across it. This voltage drop is due to the supply current of the LT4363 and the leakage current of D1. A total bulk capacitance of at least 22µF low ESR electrolytic is required close to the source pin of MOSFET Q1. In addition, the bulk capacitance should be at least 10 times larger than the total ceramic bypassing capacitor on the input of the DC/DC converter. Layout Considerations To achieve accurate current sensing, Kelvin connection to the current sense resistor (RSNS in Figure 8) is recommended. The minimum trace width for 1 oz copper foil is 0.02" per amp to ensure the trace stays at a reasonable temperature. 0.03" per amp or wider is recommended. Note that 1oz copper exhibits a sheet resistance of about 530µΩ/square. Small resistances can cause large errors in high current applications. Noise immunity will be improved 4363fb 16 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Applications Information significantly by locating resistive dividers close to the pins with short VCC and GND traces. Choose 4.99kΩ for R2. Design Example As a design example, take an application with the following specifications: VCC = 8V to 14V DC with a transient of 150V and decay time constant (τ) of 400ms, VOUT ≤ 27V, current limit (ILIM) at 5A, low battery detection of 6V, input overvoltage level at 60V, and 1ms of overvoltage early warning (Figure 8). The nearest standard value for R1 is 100kΩ. Selection of SMAJ58A for D1 will limit the voltage at the VCC pin to less than 71V during 150V surge. The minimum required voltage at the VCC pin is 4V when VIN is at 8V; the supply current for LT4363 is 1.5mA. The maximum value for R7 to ensure proper operation is: R7 = The maximum current through R7 into D1 is then calculated as: With 0.1µF of bypass capacitance, C2, along with 1k of R7, high voltage transients up to 200V with a pulse width less than 10µs are filtered out at the VCC pin. Next, calculate the resistive divider value to limit VOUT to 27V during an overvoltage event: 1.275V • (R1+R2) = 27V R2 Set the current through R1 and R2 during the overvoltage condition to 250µA. R2 = 1.275V = 5kΩ 250µA RSNS = 50mV 50mV = = 10mΩ ILIM 5A CTMR is then chosen for 1ms of early warning time: CTMR = 1ms • 6µA = 60nF 100mV The nearest standard value for CTMR is 47nF. 6V • R5+R6 = 1.275V R4+R5+R6 60V • R6 = 1.275V R4+R5+R6 Choose 10kΩ for R6. which is easily handled by the SMAJ58A for more than 500ms. 1.275V Next calculate the sense resistor, RSNS, value: 150V – 64V = 86mA 1kΩ VREG = (27V – 1.275V ) •R2 = 100.7kΩ Finally, calculate R4, R5, and R6 for 6V low battery detection and 60V input overvoltage level: 8V – 4V = 2.67kΩ 1.5mA Select 1kΩ for R7 to accommodate all conditions. ID1 = R1= R4+R5 = 60V •10kΩ – 10kΩ = 460.6kΩ 1.275V R5 = 1.275V • 460.6kΩ +10kΩ – 10kΩ = 90kΩ 6V R4 = 460.6kΩ – 90kΩ = 370.6kΩ Select 90.9kΩ for R5 and 374kΩ for R4. The pass transistor, Q1, should be chosen to withstand a short-circuit with VCC = 14V. In the case of a severe output short where VOUT = 0V, the total overcurrent fault time is: tOC = 47nF • 0.875V = 0.904ms 45.5µA 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 17 LT4363 Applications Information The power dissipation in Q1 is: P= The power dissipation in Q1 is: 14V • 25mV = 35W 10mΩ During an output overload or soft short, the voltage at the OUT pin could stay at 2V or higher. The total overcurrent fault time when VOUT = 2V is: tOC = P= (14V – 2V ) • 50mV = 60W 10mΩ These conditions are well within the Safe Operating Area of the FDB33N25. 47nF • 0.875V = 1.028ms 40µA Typical Applications Overvoltage Regulator with Output Keep Alive During Shutdown VIN C2 0.1µF R7 1k D1* SMAJ58A R9 1k, 1W RSNS 10mΩ Q1 IRLR2908 CL** 22µF R3 10Ω C1 47nF 5 VCC 3 4 GATE SNS 2 OUT FB R1 287k VOUT 12V, 4A REGULATED AT 16V D2 1N4746A 18V 1W 1 R2 24.9k 6 R4 147k R5 30.1k R6 10k 8 SHDN LT4363DE-2 UV ENOUT 7 OV GND 9 FLT TMR 12 11 10 4363 TA02 CTMR 0.1µF UV = 6V OV = 24V *DIODES INC. **SANYO 25CE22GA 4363fb 18 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Typical Applications 2.5A, 48V Hot Swap with Overvoltage Output Regulation at 72V VIN RSNS 15mΩ Q1 FDB3632 R7 1k VOUT 48V, 2.5A CL 300µF R3 10Ω C1 47nF 5 C2 0.1µF D1* SMAT70A 3 4 GATE SNS VCC 2 OUT FB R1 221k 1 R2 4.02k 6 R4 604k R5 13k 8 SHDN LT4363DE-2 UV ENOUT 7 OV GND R6 10k FLT TMR 9 12 11 10 UV = 35V OV = 80V 4363 TA03 CTMR 0.1µF *DIODES INC. 2.5A, 28V Hot Swap with Overvoltage Output Regulation at 36V VIN 28V Q1 IRLR2908 R7 1k RSNS 15mΩ VOUT 28V, 2.5A CL 300µF R3 10Ω C1 47nF 5 C2 0.1µF D1* SMAJ58A VCC 3 4 GATE SNS 2 OUT FB R1 110k 1 R2 4.02k 6 R4 261k R5 10k R6 10k 8 SHDN LT4363DE-2 UV ENOUT 7 OV GND 9 TMR 12 FLT 11 10 4363 TA04 CTMR 0.1µF UV = 18V OV = 36V *DIODES INC. 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 19 LT4363 Typical Applications Overvoltage Regulator with Reverse Input Protection Up to –80V Q2 IRLR2908 VIN 12V Q3 2N3904 R5 1M D3** 1N4148 VOUT 12V, 3A CL** CLAMPED 22µF AT 16V R3 10Ω R4 10Ω D2 1N4148 R7 10k RSNS 10mΩ Q1 IRLR2908 3 4 GATE SNS 5 VCC D1* SMAJ58CA R1 57.6k C1 47nF 2 OUT FB 1 R2 4.99k 6 8 7 LT4363DE-2 SHDN UV ENOUT OV GND *DIODES INC. **SANYO 25CE22GA ***OPTIONAL COMPONENT FOR REDUCED STANDBY CURRENT FLT TMR 9 12 11 10 4363 TA05 CTMR 0.1µF Overvoltage Regulator with 250V Surge Protection VIN 12V Q1 FDB33N25 R6 49.9k Q2 MPS-A42 D1* SMAJ58A C2 0.1µF RSNS 10mΩ CL 22µF R3 10Ω R1 57.6k C1 47nF 5 VCC R4 127k 6 8 4 3 GATE SNS FB R2 4.99k ENOUT 7 1 LT4363DE-2 R5 49.9k OV GND 9 *DIODES INC. 2 OUT SHDN UV OUTPUT CLAMP AT 16V FLT TMR 12 CTMR 0.1µF 11 10 VCC DC/DC CONVERTER SHDN GND FAULT 4363 TA07 4363fb 20 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. DE/UE Package 12-Lead Plastic DFN (4mm × 3mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1695 Rev D) 0.70 ±0.05 3.60 ±0.05 2.20 ±0.05 3.30 ±0.05 1.70 ± 0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 ± 0.05 0.50 BSC 2.50 REF RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED 4.00 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) 7 R = 0.115 TYP 0.40 ± 0.10 12 R = 0.05 TYP PIN 1 TOP MARK (NOTE 6) 0.200 REF 3.30 ±0.10 3.00 ±0.10 (2 SIDES) 1.70 ± 0.10 0.75 ±0.05 6 0.25 ± 0.05 1 PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.20 OR 0.35 × 45° CHAMFER (UE12/DE12) DFN 0806 REV D 0.50 BSC 2.50 REF 0.00 – 0.05 BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD NOTE: 1. DRAWING PROPOSED TO BE A VARIATION OF VERSION (WGED) IN JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 4363fb For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 21 LT4363 Package Description Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. MS Package 12-Lead Plastic MSOP (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1668 Rev A) 4.039 ±0.102 (.159 ±.004) (NOTE 3) 12 11 10 9 8 7 0.889 ±0.127 (.035 ±.005) 0.254 (.010) DETAIL "A" 3.00 ±0.102 (.118 ±.004) (NOTE 4) 4.90 ±0.152 (.193 ±.006) 0° – 6° TYP 0.406 ±0.076 (.016 ±.003) REF GAUGE PLANE 5.10 (.201) MIN 0.53 ±0.152 (.021 ±.006) 3.20 – 3.45 (.126 – .136) DETAIL "A" 0.18 (.007) SEATING PLANE 0.65 (.0256) BSC 0.42 ±0.038 (.0165 ±.0015) TYP 0.22 – 0.38 (.009 – .015) TYP RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETER/(INCH) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 4. DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.152mm (.006") PER SIDE 5. LEAD COPLANARITY (BOTTOM OF LEADS AFTER FORMING) SHALL BE 0.102mm (.004") MAX 1 2 3 4 5 6 1.10 (.043) MAX 0.86 (.034) REF 0.1016 ±0.0508 (.004 ±.002) 0.650 (.0256) BSC MSOP (MS12) 0213 REV A S Package 16-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow .150 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1610 Rev G) .386 – .394 (9.804 – 10.008) NOTE 3 .045 ±.005 .050 BSC 16 N 14 13 12 11 10 9 N .245 MIN .160 ±.005 .150 – .157 (3.810 – 3.988) NOTE 3 .228 – .244 (5.791 – 6.197) 1 .030 ±.005 TYP 15 2 3 N/2 N/2 RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT .010 – .020 × 45° (0.254 – 0.508) .008 – .010 (0.203 – 0.254) 1 2 3 4 5 .053 – .069 (1.346 – 1.752) NOTE: 1. DIMENSIONS IN .014 – .019 (0.355 – 0.483) TYP 7 8 .004 – .010 (0.101 – 0.254) 0° – 8° TYP .016 – .050 (0.406 – 1.270) 6 .050 (1.270) BSC S16 REV G 0212 INCHES (MILLIMETERS) 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED .006" (0.15mm) 4. PIN 1 CAN BE BEVEL EDGE OR A DIMPLE 4363fb 22 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 LT4363 Revision History REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER A 3/12 Add 57.6k resistor to Typical Application 24 B 6/13 Added H and MP temperature grades to Order Information 3 Operating Voltage Range for all temperature grades is 4V to 80V 3 Reverse Input Current maximum changed to –4mA from –3mA 3 IGATE(UP): At 12V, changed from [–10, –20, –35]µA to [–15, –30, –45]µA. At 48V, changed from [–10, –25, –40]µA to [–20, –40, –65]µA 3 Current Limit Sense Voltage: At 12V, improved from 43mV — 58mV to 45mV — 55mV. At 48V, improved from 45mV — 59mV to 48mV — 58mV 4 ISNS maximum changed from 30µA to 40µA 4 VTMR(H) range changed from 3.7V — 5V to 3.5V — 5.4V 4 OUT Reset Threshold minimum changed from 1.9V to 1.8V 4 Updated curves in graphs G05, G06 and G09 5 Corrected Y-axis numbers in Warning Period TMR Current, graph G15 6 Replaced Current Limit at Supply Voltage graph with Current Limit Foldback 7 GATE Pin Description: Added information on 14V protection clamp 8 TMR Pin Description: Added 10nF minimum capacitor requirement 8 Changed GATE to SNS clamp in Block Diagram to 14V from 13V 9 Added 0.1µF C2 to Typical Application circuits 18, 19 4363fb Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 23 LT4363 Typical Application Overvoltage Regulator with Ideal Diode Reverse Voltage Protection M1 FDB3632 VIN 12V IRLR2908 10mΩ OUTPUT CLAMP AT 16V 22µF 10Ω IN GATE OUT LTC4357 47nF VDD DCLAMP SMAT70A GND D1 MMBD1205 VCC GATE SNS FB 4.99k SHDN LT4363 127k –60V TO 75V DC PROTECTION 100V TRANSIENT MAXIMUM UV = 4.5V 57.6k OUT DC/DC CONVERTER UV ENOUT 49.9k GND VCC SHDN FLT TMR FAULT GND 4363 TA06 0.1µF Related Parts PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LTC1696 Overvoltage Protection Controller ThinSOT™ Package, 2.7V to 27V LTC2909 Triple/Dual Inputs UV/OV Negative Monitor Pin Selectable Input Polarity Allows Negative and OV Monitoring LTC2912/LTC2913 Single/Dual UV/OV Voltage Monitor Ads UV and OV Trip Values, ±1.5% Threshold Accuracy LTC2914 Quad UV/OV Monitor For Positive and Negative Supplies LTC3827/LTC3827-1 Low IQ, Dual, Synchronous Controller LTC3835/LTC3835-1 Low IQ, Synchronous Step-Down Controller 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 36V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 10V, 80µA Quiescent Current Single Channel LTC3827/LTC3827-1 LT3845 Low IQ, Synchronous Step-Down Controller LT3850 Dual, 550kHz, 2-Phase Synchronous Step-Down Dual 180° Phased Controllers, VIN 4V to 24V, 97% Duty Cycle, 4mm × 4mm Controller QFN-28, SSOP-28 Packages 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V, 1.23V ≤ VOUT ≤ 36V, 120µA Quiescent Current LTC3890 Low IQ, Dual 2-Phase, Synchronous Step-Down Controller 4V ≤ VIN ≤ 60V, 0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 24V, 50µA Quiescent Current LT4256-1 Positive 48V Hot Swap Controller with Open-Circuit Detect Foldback Current Limiting, Open-Circuit and Overcurrent Fault Output, Up to 80V Supply LTC4260 Positive High Voltage Hot Swap Controller with 8-Bit ADC and I2C Wide Operating Range 8.5V to 80V LTC4352 Ideal MOSFET ORing Diode External N-Channel MOSFETs Replace ORing Diodes, 0V to 18V LTC4354 Negative Voltage Diode-OR Controller Controls Two N-Channel MOSFETs, 1µs Turn-Off, 80V Operation LTC4355 Positive Voltage Diode-OR Controller Controls Two N-Channel MOSFETs, 0.3µs Turn-Off, 80V Operation LT4356-1 High Voltage Surge Stopper 100V Overvoltage and Overcurrent Protection, Latch-Off and Auto-Retry Options LTC4364 Surge Stopper with Ideal Diode 4V to 80V Operation; –40V Reverse Input, –20V Reverse Output Protection LTC4365 Window Passer - OV, UV and Reverse Supply Protection Controller 2.5V to 34V Operation, Protects 60V to –40V 4363fb 24 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 For more information www.linear.com/LT4363 (408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ● www.linear.com/LT4363 LT 0613 REV B • PRINTED IN USA LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2011


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In Memoriam
Arts Under The Stars is beginning a tradition of recognizing those in the CI community that we have lost. We invite submissions remembering all members of our CI family we have lost over our 16 years.If you would like to recognize a member of our CI family or you are part of the CI family and have lost an important and immediate family member, please send the information listed below.
Two part submission process
Part 1 Photo Submission:
Please submit up to three high quality photos or scans to the dropbox link below. We will use at least one photo per submission. If time allows, we may use up to three. Please name the file with the last name and the first name separated by a period and a number ordering the desirability of the photos to be shown. Use 1 for most desirable photo. For example:
- LastName.FirstName.1.jpg
- LastName.FirstName.2.jpg
- LastName.FirstName.3.jpg
Use link below for photo submission
Part 2 Written Submission:
Please fill out the following Google form. This will allow us to contact you with any questions and connect people who have submitted the same person. Each individual may have a written dedication in any language up to 200 words that will appear on the AUTS website that is connected to the digital program.
Please submit by April 27. We will take submissions past April 27 up until the performance on May 4 for those who leave us during that window of time. Understand it takes time to create a beautiful presentation , and we will do our best to include any late submissions.
For more information please contact firstname.lastname@example.com


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Betfred Goals Galore Explained
For serious and casual bettors alike, working your way around the betting field at times can prove to be difficult. Are you struggling with bets in April 2020?
If you want to earn yourself some money, alongside knowing about football and how to evaluate what teams will score, you will also want to know what the best football betting opportunities are out there for you to use.
And of course, what offers are most likely to give you a higher return on your investment. Because the truth is, betting doesn't always need to revolve around what football team wins the game.
And so, for guidance on Betfred's goals galore system, the bonus coupon, and some tips to increase your earnings, here is what you need to know…
Why Choose Betfred Goals Galore?
Betfred, the bookmaker that merged Ladbrokes and Coral in October 2016 and now owns a total of 1,650 shops, dub themselves as the 'Bonus King' for a reason, they provide unbeatable value for their customers.
Betfred's goals galore, in particular, is so popular that other bookies are offering this option too.
About Betfred Goals Galore Coupon
The central premise of goals galore is for both teams to score (aka BTTS).
Betfred's goals galore allow you to achieve enhanced odds based on a range of football fixtures from various leagues, and this relies on the selections you make and the result of each of each game.
With the Betfred coupons, there are three options for you to choose from.
Following choosing your Galore coupons, you shall place your bets and anticipate your winnings. Below are the three different coupons for you to choose from.
Goals Galore Standard
So, what is the standard coupon bet?
The first goal galore coupon that Betfred created is the goals galore standard; it's been around for a few years and is very popular with punters.
For this bet, the only element that is important for you to win is that both teams score. This is a very straight forward bet, and it means you don't have to rely on any specific number of goals to be scored.
This is a relief for those interested in betting as betting what team will score and how many goals is a difficult prediction to make.
Further to this, the bookmakers provide information and statistics about the teams that you may want to bet on. With Betfred you will have access to both teams score records for more than twenty leagues.
The odds system for for the standard bet is divided into a long list and bonus list. For better odds, you should choose the Bonus list.
However, the handicap for the bonus list is – the team are not as likely to succeed scoring. But the benefits being, the more games you bet on, the higher your return, should all teams score.
No Draw
As the name suggests, for goals galore no draw, you place a bet on football teams you believe will score but that you also believe they won't draw.
Thus, if the team draws, you lose your bet. For an idea of the odds, for two games, the odds are 6/1; for three games, the odds are 20/1, and jumping to 10 games, the odds are 25,000/1!
You can place these bets directly on the Betfred Betting website or visit one of the Betfred bookmakers near you.
First Half/Second Half
For this option, rather than choosing the teams you think will both score by the time the games are finished, you can instead predict and bet whether a selection of teams will score a goal in the first or second half of the game.
For an insight into the odds; 2 games, for the first half, odds are 20/1, and for the second half 11/1.
Betfred Goals Galore Bonus
Looking to get a great bonus for the bets you place?
To boost your odds and receive a bonus coupon, you need to place a bet on three or more selections.
And so, as long as you meet the minimum requirement of three choices from any cup or league matches displayed on the Betfred goals coupon, and both teams score, your winnings shall be boosted!
Have a look at the Betfred promo code before you place your bets to see what offers are available.
The Rules Of Goals Galore
Are there any rules attached to this type of bet?
Alongside being over 18, the conditions for the Betfred coupon to be valid is as follows; you must make at least three selections of teams to score.
Each group from your choices must score a goal within 90 minutes. And, the coupon can not be used in conjunction with any other offer.
Goals Galore Qualifying Competitions
What competitions can you be on?
There is an abundance of teams for you to bet on from across Europe. Such as England, Italy, Germany, and Spain.
Goals Galore features the highest leagues, competitions, and divisions, including Europa League and the Champions League and so you're bound to find teams you are interested in watching or supporting.
How To Win More Money Using Betfred's Coupon
Want to win even more money using this bonus bet? Well, here's how:
- Check the data supplied by Betfred to look at the team's recent performance in matches.
- Check the team's goals galore ratio and pick teams with the highest ratio.
- Look at the top players on the teams and make sure they will be playing in the next match (for instance, make sure they haven't been suspended from playing).
- And last but not least, make sure your selection is valid for the goals galore bonus coupon to increase your probability of getting boosted earnings.
Free Bets With Betfred
Now that your knowledge of the Betfred goals galore betting, and goals galore bonus is underway, it's time for you to try your luck.
If you're new to betting or haven't used Betfred goals galore before, be sure to take advantage of Betfred's offer for a free £30.
You simply sign up and open an account with Betfred, bet £10 on odds of 1/1 or higher. And then, following this, you will be credited with £30 within two days onto your Betfred account to use and play with however you wish.
There are plenty of free bets online, so make sure to check out other sites too!
For an enjoyable way to bet, the coupons for BTTS betting is the way forward. As the Betfred saying goes;
"When both teams score, its goals galore."
So sign up online, whether using your PC or the Betfred mobile app today to get started.
Other Bet Types
If you are browsing and want to check out other bet types you can place in April 2020, have a look at our list here:
- Acca Boost Offer from Coral - The Ins and Outs
- Ante Post Betting
- Baseball Bet Types
- Basketball Bet Types
- Bet365 2 Goals Ahead Early Payout Deal
- bet365 Auto Cash Out
- Bet365 Best Odds Guaranteed
- Bet365 Bore Draw Money Back Offer
- bet365 Edit Bet
- Bet365 Euro Soccer Bonus Explained
- bet365 Unlimited Places On First Goalscorer
- Betfair #OddsOnThat
- Betfair Acca Edge Insurance
- Betfair Best Odds Guaranteed
- Betfair Cashout and Partial Cash Out
- Betfred #PickYourPunt
- Betfred Best Odds Guaranteed
- Betfred Double Delight Hat-Trick Heaven
- Betfred Goals Galore Explained
- Betfred Money Back Offers Explained
- BetVictor #PriceItUp
- Betvictor Acca Insurance
- BetVictor Best Odds Guaranteed
- Betvictor Bet Calculator
- BetVictor Cashout
- BetVictor Golden Goal
- BetVictor Mobile App
- BetVictor Price Promise
- Both Teams to Score Bet
- Boxing Bet Types
- Boylesports Acca Bonus
- BoyleSports Acca Insurance
- BoyleSports Acca Loyalty
- Boylesports Bet Builder
- Boylesports Mobile App Review
- Coral #YourCall
- Coral Best Odds Guaranteed
- Coral Bet £5 Get £20 Free
- Coral Bet and Get Club
- Coral Build Your Bet
- Coral Connect Card
- Coral Fallers Insurance
- Coral Football Acca Insurance
- Coral Football Jackpot
- Coral Player Bets
- Coral Win Win Get In Offer
- Correct Score Betting
- Cricket Bet Types
- Darts Bet Types
- eSports Bet Types
- F1 Bet Types
- First Goalscorer Bets
- Football Bet Types
- Football Handicap Betting
- Football Transfer Betting
- Full Cash Out and Partially Cashing Out at Coral
- Goals in Both Halves Betting
- Golf Bet Types
- Greyhound Bet Types
- Hockey Bet Types
- Horse Racing Bet Types
- How to Place a Bet
- How to Place an Accumulator on Bet365
- How To Place an Accumulator on Paddy Power
- How To Place an Accumulator on William Hill
- Man of the Match Betting
- NASCAR Bet Types
- NFL Bet Types
- Paddy Power 2-Up-You-Win
- Rugby League Bet Types
- Rugby Union Bet Types
- Snooker Bet Types
- Tennis Bet Types
- The Full Guide For Bet365's Bet Builder Feature
- The Tote Placepot - Ultimate Guide
- Total Corners Betting Explained
- Total Goal Minutes Bet
- Tote Exacta - The Ultimate Guide
- Tote Jackpot
- Tote Quadpot - The Ultimate guide
- Tote Scoop6
- Tote Trifecta - The Ultimate Guide
- UFC Bet Types
- Virtual Bet Types
- Volleyball Bet Types
- What Does "Starting Price" Mean in Betting?
- What is a Canadian Bet?
- What is a Double Bet?
- What is a Goliath Bet?
- What is a Heinz Bet?
- What is a Lucky 15 Bet?
- What is a Lucky 31 Bet?
- What is a Lucky 63 Bet?
- What is a Patent Bet?
- What is a Round Robin Bet?
- What is a Single Bet?
- What is a Super Heinz Bet?
- What is a Super Yankee Bet?
- What is a Treble Bet?
- What is a Trixie Bet?
- What is a Union Jack Bet?
- What is a Yankee Bet?
- What is an Accumulator Bet?
- What is an Alphabet Bet All About?
- What is an Each Way Bet?