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CAS 315-37-7 99% Purity Bodybuilding Steroid Powder Testosterone Enanthate
1.Quick Detail:
Testosterone Enanthate
Alias: Primoteston Depot
Purity : 99.0%
CAS Registry Number: 315-37-7
Einecs No: 206-253-5
Related Substances : Pharmaceutical Grade
Storage: Shading, confined preservation
Drug Class: Injectable Anabolic Androgenic Steroid
Delivery time :within 24 hours upon receipt of payment
Delivery: EMS, DHL, TNT, FedEx, UPS
Usage : Testosterone propionate is therefore much faster acting than other testosterone esters such as cypionate or enanthate, and requires a much more frequent dosing schedule, in order to maintain stable blood levels. can be used as pharmaceutical material. Its main function is to Promote metabolism. Anabolic effects include growth of muscle mass and strength, increased bone density and strength, and stimulation of linear growth and bone maturation.
Testosterone propionate is therefore much faster acting than other testosterone esters such as cypionate or enanthate, and requires a much more frequent dosing schedule, in order to maintain stable blood levels.
2.Product Description:
Primoteston is one of the most popular used testosterone products on the market today. It is very effective in building muscle, burning fat and gaining strength. It is also cheap and easy to obtain.Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for many of the physical and emotional traits of men. It creates the deeper voices, sex drive, aggression and, of coarse, larger muscles in men. Testosterone makes the muscles retain more nitrogen, which in turn makes the muscle synthesize proteins better, producing larger muscles.
Testosterone enanthate is an oil based injectable steroid, designed to slowly release testosterone from the injection site (depot). Once administered, serum concentrations of this hormone will rise for several days, and remain markedly elevated for approximately two weeks. It may actually take three weeks for the action of this drug to fully diminish. For medical purposes this is the most widely prescribed testosterone, used regularly to treat cases of hypogonadism and other disorders related to androgen deficiency. Since patients generally do not selfadminister such injections, a long acting steroid like this is a very welcome item. Therapy is clearly more comfortable in comparison to an ester like propionate, which requires a much more frequent dosage schedule.
Testosterone is a powerful hormone with notably prominent side effects. Much of which stem from the fact that testosterone exhibits a high tendency to convert into estrogen. Related side effects may therefore become a problem during a cycle.
Being a testosterone product, all the standard androgenic side effects are also to be expected. Oily skin, acne, aggressiveness, facial/body hair growth and male pattern baldness are all possible. Older or more sensitive individuals might therefore choose to avoid testosterone products, and look toward milder anabolics like DecaDurabolin or Equipoise which produce fewer side effects. Others may opt to add the drug Proscar/Propecia, which will minimize the conversion of testosterone into DHT (dihydrotestosterone). With blood levels of this metabolite notably reduced, the impact of related side effects should also be reduced. With strong bulking drugs however, the user will generally expect to incur strong side effects and will often just tolerate them. Most athletes really do not find the testosterones all that uncomfortable (especially in the face of the end result), as can be seen with the great popularity of such compounds.
Although this particular ester is active for a much longer duration, most prefer to inject it on a weekly or bi-weekly basis in order to keep blood levels stable. The usual dosage would be in the range of 250mg-750mg a week. This level is quite sufficient, and should provide the user a rapid gain of strength and body weight. Above this level estrogenic side effects will no doubt become much more pronounced, possibly outweighing any new muscle gained. Those looking for greater bulk would be better served by adding an oral like Anadrol or Dianabol, combinations which prove to work great. If one wishes to use a testosterone yet retain a level of quality and definition to the physique, an injectable anabolic like Deca Durabolin or Equipoise may prove to be a better choice. By using a lower dosage of enanthate, so as to gain an acceptable amount of muscle but keep the buildup of estrogen to a minimum.
With the proper administration of ancillary drugs, Nolva/Clomid and HCG, during post cycle recovery, much of the new muscle mass can be retained for a long time after the cycle has been stopped.
1. Testosterone Enanthate is imperative and effective for enhancing males specific sexual traits. It is the principle male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. Testosterone Enanthate plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissue such as the testis and prostates.
2. Testosterone Enanthate is used to improve testosterone deficiencies such as hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction with limited side effects.
3. Testosterone is essential for health and well-being as well as the prevention of osteoporosis
It enhances libido, increases energy ,promotes fat loss, as well as boosts immunity. Testosterone aids in gaining and preserving lean muscle mass. It prevents against bone loss as well as heart disease.
4.Testosterone Enanthate a long acting form of the parent hormone testosterone. In this particular case, the parent hormone has been attached to the Enanthate ester to delay its release into the bloodstream over several days.
|Product name
|Testosterone Enanthate
|White crystalline powder
|Melting point
|Specific optical rotation
|Related substances
|Loss on drying
|Free heptanoic acid
|Testosterone Enanthate(Primoteston) is one of the most popular used testosterone products on the market today. It is very effective in building muscle, burning fat and gaining strength. It is also cheap and easy to obtain. Testosterone makes the muscles retain more nitrogen, which in turn makes the muscle synthesize proteins better, producing larger muscles.
|1kg/aluminium foil bag or as required
5 .Packaging & Delivery Process
1: Sufficient stock, so we can delivery promptly at the very day when receive the payment
2: Sophisticated and professional logistic agent. We take responsibility to provide our customers with fast delivery and secure shipping
3:Well-trained and disciplined packing team. Unique ways to ship 10 grams to 100kg powders at one time to your destination. Fast and discreet shipment could be arranged for customs pass Guaranteed.
4: Packing pictures and tacking code are provided within 12 hours after receiving the payment. Updated tracking information will be provided every other day.
5: After-sale service: Any questions or problems after receiving the product, please feel free to contact us. Problems would be solved immediately.
6. Competitive advantages:
6. Exclusive customer service and 24/7 online timely and helpful After-sale service.
7Common Information:
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8 Commerce clause:
|Minimum order quantity
|Packaging Details
|1kg/aluminium foil bag or as required
|Delivery time
|Within 12 hours upon receipt of payment
|Payment Terms
|Western Union, MoneyGram, T/T, Biction
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Tag :
Raw Steroid Powder
Anabolic Steroid Hormones
Testosterone Raw Powder


text:
My primary collecting interest centres around Stirling Moss.
Does anyone know how many 1:43rd scale Moss cars have been released? I have about 20 in my modest collection, with perhaps another 10 of cars that he did drive, but the model is of the same car but in another race with another driver. One or two I have are re-paints, to put them into Moss livery, there being no original model that I could find (within my price range). It would be interesting (and probably depressing) to know how many more I have to go.
There seem to be some surprising gaps - and on the other hand several examples of 1:43rd scale cars he drove only once, including at least one (Merc 196 Streamliner) that I have that he tested but did not race. I bid recently for a very nice looking one-off of a Lister - Jag that he drove only once in a minor race at Goodwood, but it went way beyond my price.
The GMH has a fabulous collection in a variety of scales (not to say materials, including solid silver) that I have been able to see but neither he nor I have counted them, and in any case there are quite a few duplicates.
Supplementary question: am I the only Moss collector who has every car he drove at Dundrod? (Answer - very probably, and it is not necessarily someting to boast about!)
Edited by Mal9444, 17 August 2010 - 15:43.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Dear Miss Snark,
I'm a newly published author and I need your advice. I got a $10,000 advance. Then I paid my agent 1,500 bucks, 300 more for agent expenses, 600 for my computer, 200 for a printer, 100 for paper, 200 on postage, 5,000 for a publicist, 100 for a pedicure, 400 for publicity photos, 300 for a web site developer, 400 for some new duds (my publicist said the bib overalls had to go), 400 to get my teeth whitened, 200 for typhoid and malaria shots (required since my book tour took me to New Jersey), and 400 for out-of-pocket expenses on the book tour.
I thought authors made money. I lost a hundred bucks! What am I doing wrong?
New Jersey will get you every time.


text:
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text:
Film Archives
1 October, 2010 at 10:22 am 6 comments
If a picture tells 1000 words, then what about moving pictures?
I've mentioned my ancestor (Leslie) Hay SIMPSON, who played the role of Ned Kelly in the 1934 film of When the Kellys Rode and then was lost at sea in 1937, soon after making the film Mystery Island on Lord Howe Island. The National Film & Sound Archive has many audiovisuals at http://aso.gov.au, including clips from Mystery Island. Hay Simpson can be seen in http://aso.gov.au/titles/features/mystery-island/clip2/ (he's the drunk with the bottle).
However you don't need an actor ancestor to find something interesting on film. World War 1 troops heading to the docks in Sydney can be seen in the 1915 footage at http://aso.gov.au/titles/historical/ww1-troops-embarkation/clip1/
Crowds at the opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1932 can be seen at http://aso.gov.au/titles/home-movies/farey-sydney-harbour-bridge/clip2/
Even educational resources are available. Excerpts from a documentary retelling the story of the Victorian gold rush can be seen at http://aso.gov.au/titles/tv/peachs-gold-eureka/clip1/
Have a look at the offerings on the Australian Screen website. Try entering a town or suburb name of interest, and see if there is historic film footage available. Think about the significant events in which ancestors might have been involved, and even if you can't identify an ancestor, such historic footage gives you an opportunity to see things through their eyes – and isn't that one of our goals of family history research?
Entry filed under: Archives, Film. Tags: Australian Screen, film, Hay Simpson, movies, Mystery Island, National Film & Sound Archive, Sydney Harbour Bridge, World War 1.
6 Comments Add your own
[…] to the magazine, no hint was given as to what those reasons were. Abbot and Desmond Hay (real name Leslie Hay Simpson), set off from Lord Howe Island in the 16-foot motor launch Mystery Star on 6 October 1936. The […]
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text: Wednesday, February 06, 2013 Last Call for Federal Government Affairs Leadership Award and APTA Public Service Award Nominations Monday, February 11, is the deadline to submit nominations for the Federal Government Affairs Leadership Award and the APTA Public Service Award. The Federal Government Affairs Leadership Award is presented annually to an active APTA member who has made significant contributions to APTA's federal government affairs efforts, and has shown exemplary leadership in furthering the association's objectives in the federal arena. The APTA Public Service Award is presented annually to individuals who have demonstrated distinctive support for the physical therapy profession at a national level. Individuals from the following categories are eligible for nomination of this award: members of Congress, congressional staff members, members of a state legislature, federal agency officials, health and legislative association staff, and celebrities or other public figures. APTA's Board of Directors will select award recipients during its March 2013 conference call. Awards will be presented at the Federal Advocacy Forum to be held April 14-16 in Washington, DC. Submit nominations by February 11 to Stephanie Sadowski.


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text:
Brenner Children's pediatric emergency department has moved back to its original location. Learn more
In order to help protect patients, family members and health care workers from the spread of COVID-19, no visitors are allowed at any of Wake Forest Baptist Health's outpatient or inpatient facilities, except in certain situations.Learn moreMore COVID-19 Updates
What do drugs, alcohol, unprotected sex, tattoos, and body piercings have in common? They're all things your parents might lecture you about avoiding, but there's another connection: They can all lead to a liver condition called hepatitis.
The liver is one of the body's powerhouses. It helps process nutrients and metabolizes medicines. The liver also helps clear the body of toxic waste products.
The word hepatitis means an inflammation of the liver. It can be caused by one of many things — including a bacterial infection, liver injury caused by a toxin (poison), and even an attack on the liver by the body's own immune system. However, hepatitis usually is caused by a virus. The three most common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. Two other types of hepatitis virus, D and E, are rare in the United States.
Some hepatitis viruses can mutate. That can make them hard for for the body to fight because they change over time. In some cases, hepatitis B or C can destroy the liver. The patient then will need a liver transplant to survive, an option that is not always available or successful.
The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the feces (poop) of infected individuals. People usually get hepatitis A by eating food or drinking water that's been contaminated with feces. As disgusting as that sounds, though, hepatitis A is actually considered less destructive than some other hepatitis viruses.
Unlike some other hepatitis viruses, hepatitis A rarely leads to permanent liver damage. Within a few weeks, the symptoms will have gone away on their own and the virus will no longer be in a person's system. Once someone has recovered from a hepatitis A infection, that person has immunity to the virus, meaning he or she will probably never get it again. People are also protected against hepatitis A if they've been vaccinated against it.
Hepatitis B is a more serious infection. It may lead to a condition called cirrhosis (permanent scarring of the liver) or liver cancer, both of which cause severe illness and even death. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted from person to person through blood or other body fluids.
In the United States, the most common way people get infected with HBV is through unprotected sex with someone who has the disease. People who share needles also are at risk of becoming infected because it's likely that the needles they use will not have been sterilized.
There's no effective cure for hepatitis B,although people who have had the hepatitis B vaccine are protected against it. In most cases, teens who get hepatitis B will recover from the disease and may develop a natural immunity to future hepatitis B infections. But some people will have the condition forever. Medicines can help some people with hepatitis B get rid of the virus.
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted from person to person through blood or other body fluids. Like hepatitis B, hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Hepatitis C is the most serious type of hepatitis. It's now one of the most common reasons for liver transplants in adults. Every year, thousands of people in the United States die from HCV. And there's no cure and no vaccine.
An estimated 4.1 million Americans are currently infected with the virus. The most common way people become infected is through sharing drug paraphernalia such as needles and straws. People also get hepatitis C after having unprotected sex with an infected partner. Before 1990, many people got it through blood transfusions, but better blood screening and handling procedures now mean that this rarely happens. Sometimes, mothers with hepatitis C pass the virus along to their babies during birth.
The medicines currently used to treat hepatitis C are effective in controlling the disease in some people. However, hepatitis C treatments are not very easy to take, especially because some require frequent injections.
Hepatitis infection causes inflammation of the liver, which means that the liver becomes swollen and damaged and begins losing its ability to function. People with hepatitis often get symptoms similar to those caused by other virus infections, such as weakness, tiredness, and nausea. Because the symptoms of hepatitis are similar to those from other conditions, it's easy for someone who has it to confuse it with another illness.
In addition, people with hepatitis A may not show any symptoms, so the infection can go undiagnosed. People with hepatitis B or C infection also may not show symptoms right away, but can develop health problems from the infection many years later. Even when infected people don't have any symptoms, they can still pass the disease on to others.
Symptoms of hepatitis include:
The incubation period for hepatitis (how long it takes from when someone is infected to when symptoms first appear) varies — some people might not feel any different, while others may notice symptoms anywhere from 15 days to 4 months after getting the disease, depending on the type of hepatitis.
A blood test is usually needed to find out if a person has hepatitis.
Doctors don't prescribe medicine to treat hepatitis A; they usually recommend resting until any fever and jaundice are gone and the person's appetite has returned to normal. It is also important to stay well hydrated by drinking lots of fluids.
Hepatitis B and C can sometimes be treated with medicines, although some kinds of medicine used to treat hepatitis C are only approved for use in adults. Although treatments for hepatitis B and C are becoming more effective, a cure cannot be guaranteed.
Vaccines can protect people against hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Today, all kids in the United States are routinely vaccinated against hepatitis B at birth and against hepatitis A when they're between 1 and 2 years old.
Doctors recommend that the hepatitis A vaccine be given to anyone who wants to be immunized against the condition. It's important for people who travel to parts of the world where sanitation isn't very good to be immunized. Doctors also recommend the vaccine for anyone who is more at risk of getting hepatitis A, like people with blood clotting disorders or liver disease, or who use intravenous drugs. Men who have sex with men are also at more risk of hepatitis A infection and should get the vaccine.
If someone has been recently exposed to hepatitis A or B, a doctor may recommend a shot of immune globulin containing antibodies against the virus. This can help prevent the person from coming down with the disease.
In addition to getting vaccinations against hepatitis A and B, here's how to protect yourself against hepatitis virus infection:
Hepatitis infection can be serious, but knowing what puts you at risk can help protect you.
Reviewed by: Elana Pearl Ben Joseph, MD
Date reviewed: February 2014
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text:
The NVIDIA Kepler architecture significantly improved the ability of threads to communicate outside a threadblock via atomic operations. Atomic operations essentially lock a memory location until they complete. Used correctly, atomic operations can help implement a wide range of generic data structures and algorithms in the massively threaded GPU programming environment.This tutorial demonstrates how to implement a massively parallel, low-wait parallel counter. Benchmark results show that the provided code is 8x faster on Kepler GPUs and 40x faster on Fermi hardware compared with traditional counters that use
atomicAdd() to increment a single memory location. Unlike traditional atomic counters, the massively parallel counter implemented in the
ParallelCounter class below is not susceptible to performance degradation from pathological usage, such as having every thread increment the counter at the same time.
Atomic Operations Are Great, But Don't Use Them
To understand what a low-wait massively parallel counter is, it is necessary to first understand the benefits and challenges of using atomic operations in global memory.
Atomic operations's chief feature is locking the affected memory location until the operation is complete. Calling
atomicAdd(&foo, 1), for example, means that only the thread that receives the lock can increment variable
foo by one. All other threads that wish to read or write
foo must wait until the lock is removed. It is necessary to utilize an atomic operation to update a memory location in global memory that might be used by other threads. While the C/C++ construct
foo++ looks like a single operation, in reality, the hardware might carrry out three separate steps when performing the increment: (1) fetch
foo into a register, (2) increment the register by one, and (3) write the register back to
foo in global memory. Without a lock, two or more parallel threads might simultaneously read
foo into a register at the same time, which means they would be unaware of the increment in progress by the other threads. While the end result of a write by multiple threads to the same location in global memory is undefined, it is likely that the variable
foo will reflect an incorrect number of increment operations and be corrupted.
Atomic operations in a parallel environment present a real challenge because they serialize execution. Instead of seeing an
nProcessor parallel speedup or
O(nThreads/nProcessor), applications that perform an atomic operation on a single counter will only exhibit a sequential runtime of
O(nThreads). In other words, incrementing a single counter with
atomicAdd() means that the counter has to be locked, thus forcing all the parallel threads to stop and wait so they can individually perform the increment operation — one after the other. In other words, it's the antithesis of parallel programming.
A low-wait algorithm is an algorithm that still uses locking (atomic operations), so there will be some serialization, but the algorithm is designed to keep the number of threads that must wait for the lock to be released to a minimum. In other words, the algorithm attempts to keep as many parallel threads active as possible.
An NVIDIA SDK histogram example demonstrated a form of low-wait algorithm via the use of a vector of counters that are incremented with
atomicAdd() operations. Each element in the vector contains the count for a single bin in the histogram. For uniformly distributed data, the SDK example will keep a number of threads equivalent to the number of active bins. When this number is large, the SDK histogram will demonstrate high performance because many threads will be actively incrementing histogram counts. Performance suffers when the data is not uniformly distributed, causing many of the items fall into a few bins. A pathological case occurs when all the histogram data fits into a single bin.
From a hardware point of view, implementing high-performance atomic operations is difficult because of all the complexity required to enforce a lock and to preserve coherency in a massively parallel environment. Kudos to the NVIDIA engineers who have made atomic operations so much faster on the new Kepler GPUs. Even though atomic operations can now approach the speed of global memory, using a lock in a parallel algorithm will likely have dramatic performance implications that must be avoided.
A Parallel Counter Class
The following implementation of a parallel counter C++ class spreads the value of the counter across a vector of several counters. Atomic increment (or decrement) operations are forced to be uniformly distributed across the
count vector through a modulus operation (
% in C/C++) on the CUDA variable
threadIdx.x. As discussed previously, the uniformity of access means that on-average at least
N_ATOMIC threads will always be active, which means the parallel performance should degrade gracefully for even the most extreme pathological case where all the threads on the GPU are incrementing the same counter at the same time.
Even on fast GPUs, the modulus operation is expensive, so it is highly recommended that
N_ATOMIC be a power-of-two because the compiler can convert the expression (
threadIdx.x % N_ATOMIC) to (
threadIdx.x & (
N_ATOMIC-1)). Boolean
AND operations are fast relative to the modulus operation. To make best use of all the threads in a warp, it is also recommended that
N_ATOMIC be a multiple of the warp size.
template <uint32_t N_ATOMIC=32> struct ParallelCounter { public: uint32_t count[N_ATOMIC]; inline __device__ uint32_t operator-=(uint32_t x) { return atomicSub(count + (threadIdx.x % N_ATOMIC), x); } inline __device__ uint32_t operator+=(uint32_t x) { return atomicAdd(count + (threadIdx.x % N_ATOMIC), x); } // spread the counts across the counter __device__ __host__ void set(uint32_t x) { for(int i=0; i < N_ATOMIC; i++) count[i]=x/N_ATOMIC; for(int i=0; i < x % N_ATOMIC; i++) count[i] += 1; } inline __device__ __host__ uint32_t getCount() { // simplest slow method for right now. uint32_t sum=0; for(int i=0; i < N_ATOMIC; i++) { sum += count[i]; } return sum; } };
Listing One: An initial definition of the ParallelCounter class.
getCount() method is defined using the
__device__ and
__host__ qualifiers, which means it can be called by either the host or the CUDA device. For simplicity, it is assumed that device-side calls to
getCount() are performed by a single CUDA thread and only after all atomic updates are complete. Similarly, the
set() method and constructor/destructors are qualified so they can run on either the host or device.
Testing Usability
The following
firstCounter.cu example code demonstrates three possible ways to use a single
ParallelCounter class:
- Utilize a C++ object entirely on the GPU.
- Utilize an object on both the host and GPU
- Map an object into Unified Virtual Addressing (UVA) for use by both devices.
For convenience, the source in Listing One includes the
ParallelCounter structure definition to make copying the code to a file easy. In addition, a test for structure compatibility with the GPU is performed using the
__is_pod() method.
POD_struct compatibility is also highlighted in the definition "
struct ParallelCounter" rather than "
class ParallelCounter" Instead of instrumenting this code, kernel execution times reported by the NVIDIA
nvprof text profiler will be used to compare performance in the next section.
#include <iostream> using namespace std; #include <cstdio> #include <cassert> /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include <stdint.h> template <uint32_t N_ATOMIC=32> struct ParallelCounter { public: uint32_t count[N_ATOMIC]; inline __device__ uint32_t operator-=(uint32_t x) { return atomicSub(count + (threadIdx.x % N_ATOMIC), x); } inline __device__ uint32_t operator+=(uint32_t x) { return atomicAdd(count + (threadIdx.x % N_ATOMIC), x); } // spread the counts across the counter __device__ __host__ void set(uint32_t x) { for(int i=0; i < N_ATOMIC; i++) count[i]=x/N_ATOMIC; for(int i=0; i < x % N_ATOMIC; i++) count[i] += 1; } inline __device__ __host__ uint32_t getCount() { // simplest slow method for right now. uint32_t sum=0; for(int i=0; i < N_ATOMIC; i++) { sum += count[i]; } return sum; } }; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // provide a compile-time specified default size for ParallelCounter #ifndef SPREAD #define SPREAD 32 #endif //********************************************************************* // Some global functions for testing __device__ ParallelCounter<SPREAD> myCounter; __global__ void initCounter() { int tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x; if(tid == 0) myCounter.set(0); } __global__ void doCounter(uint32_t nSamples) { uint32_t tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x; while(tid < nSamples) { myCounter += 1; tid += blockDim.x * gridDim.x; } } __global__ void finiCounter(uint32_t *result) { *result = myCounter.getCount(); } __global__ void initmappedCounter(ParallelCounter<SPREAD> *ptCntr) { int tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x; if(tid == 0) ptCntr->set(0); } __global__ void doPassedCounter(ParallelCounter<SPREAD> *ptCntr, uint32_t nSamples) { uint32_t tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x; while(tid < nSamples) { *ptCntr += 1; tid += blockDim.x * gridDim.x; } } __global__ void doMappedCounter(ParallelCounter<SPREAD> *ptCntr, uint32_t nSamples) { uint32_t tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x; while(tid < nSamples) { *ptCntr += 1; tid += blockDim.x * gridDim.x; } } //********************************************************************* // Start of main() int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { uint32_t nSamples; int device=0; try { if(argc < 3) { cerr << "Use: nSamples device" << endl; return -1; } nSamples=atoi(argv[1]); device=atoi(argv[2]); cudaSetDevice(device); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed to set device"; uint32_t *result; cudaMalloc(&result, sizeof(uint32_t)); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "cudaMalloc failed"; int nThreadsPerBlock=256; int nBlocks = nSamples/nThreadsPerBlock + ((nSamples % nThreadsPerBlock)?1:0); if(nBlocks > 65535) nBlocks=65535; cout << "device " << device << " nSamples " << nSamples << " spread " << SPREAD << " nBlocks " << nBlocks << " threadsPerBlock " << nThreadsPerBlock << endl; cout << "Checking if ParallelCounter is a POD: " << (__is_pod(ParallelCounter<SPREAD>)?"TRUE":"FALSE") << endl; assert (__is_pod(ParallelCounter<SPREAD>)); { // test 1: Instantiate an object on the GPU uint32_t check; // pass a copy of the object to the GPU initCounter<<<1,1>>>(); doCounter<<<nBlocks, nThreadsPerBlock>>>(nSamples); finiCounter<<<1,1>>>(result); cudaMemcpy(&check, result, sizeof(uint32_t), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed test1"; cerr << nSamples << " " << check << endl; assert(check == nSamples); } { // test 2: Instantiate an object on the CPU and copy it to the GPU ParallelCounter<SPREAD> foo, *d_foo; foo.set(0); cudaMalloc(&d_foo, sizeof(foo)); cudaMemcpy(d_foo, &foo, sizeof(foo), cudaMemcpyDefault); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed memcpy or cudaMalloc"; doPassedCounter<<<nBlocks, nThreadsPerBlock>>>(d_foo,nSamples); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed doPassedCounter"; cudaMemcpy(&foo, d_foo, sizeof(foo), cudaMemcpyDefault); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed memcpy"; uint32_t check = foo.getCount(); // read result on host cerr << nSamples << " " << check << endl; cudaFree(d_foo); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed free"; assert(check == nSamples); } #ifdef USE_MAPPED { // test 3: use mapped memory (simpler and cleaner but slow!) ParallelCounter<SPREAD> *ptCntr; // allocate in mapped memory cudaMallocHost(&ptCntr, sizeof(ParallelCounter<SPREAD>)); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "cudaHostMalloc failed"; ptCntr->set(0); // initialize on the host doMappedCounter<<<nBlocks, nThreadsPerBlock>>>(ptCntr,nSamples); cudaDeviceSynchronize(); uint32_t check = ptCntr->getCount(); // read result on host cerr << nSamples << " " << check << endl; cudaFreeHost(ptCntr); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed cudaFreeHost"; assert(check == nSamples); } #endif cout << "***** Passed all sanity checks! *****" << endl; } catch (const char * e) { cerr << "caught exception: " << e << endl; cudaError err; if((err=cudaGetLastError()) != cudaSuccess) cerr << "CUDA reports: " << cudaGetErrorString(err) << endl; return -1; } return 0; }
Listing Two: The complete source code for firstCounter.cu.
The counter requires two command-line arguments:
- The number of times the counter will be incremented. For consistency with the histogram example, this number is referred to as
- The number of the CUDA device to use, which makes it easy to compare Fermi and Kepler GPU performance in mixed GPU systems.
Walking through the code starting at
main() shows that this code uses C++ exceptions to catch errors. Currently, GPU kernels and CUDA library functions do not throw exceptions on errors, which is why this example uses
cudaPeekAtLastError() to determine whether an error needs to be thrown. The
cudaPeekAtLastError() method does not clear the error so
cudaGetLastError() can be used to retrieve the error for printing with
Next, the
result variable is allocated on the device. This variable is used to return the value of the parallel counter for the on-device test.
For convenience, the application prints out information about the runtime configuration. In particular, note that the C preprocessor variable
SPREAD can be defined at compile time to test the impact of distributing the atomic operations across various sizes of the internal
count vector.
Test 1: Utilize The Counter Entirely on the GPU
Listing Three simply initializes the
myCounter object on the GPU to zero. The counter is then incremented
nSamples times in parallel on the device and the count returned in the
result variable. The call to
assert() checks that the counter did indeed work correctly.
{ // test 1: Instantiate an object on the GPU uint32_t check; initCounter<<<1,1>>>(); doCounter<<<nBlocks, nThreadsPerBlock>>>(nSamples); finiCounter<<<1,1>>>(result); cudaMemcpy(&check, result, sizeof(uint32_t), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost); if(cudaPeekAtLastError() != cudaSuccess) throw "failed test1"; cerr << nSamples << " " << check << endl; assert(check == nSamples); }
Listing Three: Utilize the C++ object entirely on the GPU.
initCounter() kernel zeros out the
myCounter object with a call to the
set() method. Because the C++ code does not have control over the execution configuration, a check is made to ensure that only a single thread calls the
set() method.
doCounter() kernel increments the counter
nSamples times by having each thread use the
+= operator. Finally, the
finiCounter() kernel calls the
getCount() method on the GPU so the state of the counter can be returned in
Test 2: Porting C++ Objects
The second test instantiates an object
foo on the host that is copied to the variable
d_foo on the GPU with
Portable C++ object size and layout compatibility is affected by numerous issues including features of the C++ language, such as virtual functions and inheritance, decisions made by the compiler authors, as well as hardware issues such as type size and alignment.
POD_structs (or Plain Old Data structs) are the only types of objects guaranteed by the C++ standard to hold the same value when the contents of the object are copied into an array of
char or
unsigned char with
memcpy(), and then copied back into the object with
memcpy(). A
POD_struct is essentially a C
struct. This compatibility means that a
POD_struct can be copied to the remote device and utilized. It is also useful for transferring the C++ object
read() and
write() operations.
The stackoverflow.com post, "What are Aggregates and PODs and How/Why Are They Special?" provides the following code snippet that makes the
memcpy() capability of
POD_structs clear. That article provides a more detailed discussion about
POD_structs, including limitations imposed by the C++ standard about what types of objects can be considered
#define N sizeof(T) char buf[N]; T obj; // obj initialized to its original value memcpy(buf, &obj, N); // between these two calls to memcpy, // obj might be modified memcpy(&obj, buf, N); // at this point, each subobject of obj of scalar type // holds its original value
Listing Four: POD_struct memcpy() compatibility from Stackoverflow post.
cudaMemcpy() for
memcpy() illustrates how
POD_structs can be utilized by both the host and GPU.
NVIDIA notes they make every effort to ensure that GPU and CPU objects have the same size and layout. In particular, the NVIDIA CUDA C Programming Guide states:
"On Windows, the CUDA compiler may produce a different memory layout, compared to the host Microsoft compiler, for a C++ object of class type
T that satisfies any of the following conditions:
Thas virtual functions or derives from a direct or indirect base class that has virtual functions;
Thas a direct or indirect virtual base class;
Thas multiple inheritance with more than one direct or indirect empty base class."
Bottom line: C++ object compatibility between devices — for both mapped memory and memory explicitly copied with
cudaMemcpy() — requires careful attention to the limitations imposed by the C++ standard. Use of the
__is_pod() method is recommended to check for
PODstruct compatibility.


text:
Monday, April 21, 2008
Revenge, a Dish Best Served Cold [(or how i learned to stop worrying and love dr. deborah peel (with propofol)]
A tri-malleolar ankle fracture is shown above. This is also a dislocation. The red dots are placed to show the track of the multiple fractures, the white arrow shows the tibia, the large, weight-bearing bone of the leg, translated forward on the talus bone of the foot. This is an orthopedic emergency as with a fracture-dislocation the vascular status of the foot can be compromised, so we have to put this back in place and this is done, usually, with a drug like propofol, and some cranking on the heel to pop it back in. Then it is splinted while traction is maintained, and then the patient gets an orthopedic procedure to fix it definitively. Recovery is usually quite complete in young healthy folks but you've got to get it back in place quickly.
Okay, kinda boring I guess. What is not boring about this particular patient is that he happened to be one of my medical school professors. He still teaches at my medical school and I recognized his name immediately. Turns out he has family in the town in which I currently practice. I saw his name on the board and went right in to see if it could possibly be the same person.
This patient, let's call him "Dr Peel", had insisted when the paramedics got to him, that he be flown immediately to his home institution. I told EMS on the radio 'absolutely not'. Besides the fact that we don't fly ankle fractures, we also can do them just as good as anyone else right here in Podunkville.
He was a little nicer when he realized that I was one of his graduates and I came back to the doctor's area and told everyone that I was living a wet-dream. I mean, here's a guy in great pain who is a PhD and made my life miserable for a year, with a bad injury, and completely at my mercy.
I gave him great treatment and got his ankle fixed up but I couldn't resist the following. This guy had taught anatomy and physiology, a first year medical school course, and knew it cold (as one would expect). This course is one of the many 'hoops' courses in med school. It's not that it will be important for us to know it in such detail, and for some of us it's not important at all, but you've got to jump through the "hoop" or you won't finish medical school. It's hard, it's incredibly detailed, and we had to know it all. So, when I gave Dr. Peel the propofol, instead of having him count backwards from 100 to get an idea of when sedation was adequate for me to pull on the ankle, I asked him to define the branches of the brachial plexus. At this point in my career all I can tell you about the brachial plexus is that it exists, and it's a bunch of nerves that extend from the lower C-spine out to the shoulder.
Dammit if Dr. Peel didn't get it all exactly right, even with high doses of propofol and a sloppy tongue. 100% correct. Damn. I got a nice note from him a few weeks later, he did well. Damned eggheads.
Also, as an interesting aside, google ads continues to plop a whole bunch of JCAHO ads on my site. Probably because it's bot sees the word "JCAHO" a lot here. Also, "CMS". I hate to have these businesses advertise on my site simply because we write "JCAHO" and "CMS" a lot. Of course, if all of you were to click on these ads these companies, parasites on parasites, would have to PAY ME BITCH! So, I do recommend clicking these ads often and seeing what wonderful services these douchebags offer. JCAHO. CMS. Click click. JCAHO, CMS, JCAHO, CMS.
31 comments:
I'll let my hyperactive students click on the Google ads. Don't worry, they can only read the three letter words. Oh, wait...ReplyDelete
- Anonymous7:52 AM, April 21, 2008
Pay backs a Bitch.ReplyDelete
When my husband was in college, they played some drunken game of football at midnight (some tradition or something) and he shattered his ankle into a million pieces. He had a plate and a bunch of screws to put it back together, and unfortunately his body rejected it (that sounds wrong, maybe it was infected? all I know is that it was the most disgusting thing I have ever seen and his dad told him to put vitamin E on it so he did, which did nothing to fix it, obviously) so after we were married and his gross ankle bled all over the brand new sheets in our bed for months and I finally convinced him that it shouldn't still be bleeding, he had it all taken out.ReplyDelete
Just last night I found the jar full of screws/plates in his medicine cabinet. So it made me laugh that you posted this today since I was just thinking about ankles and such.
A few months ago, I got to take care of my dentist who had epididymitis (infection of a structure connected to the testicle).ReplyDelete
As I palpated the tender areas, I reminded him that he is fortunate because he gave me plenty of Nitrous to perform my root canal!
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer, for roots, something-t, divisions, cords, branches. That's all I remember of the plexus, and Erb-Duchenne palsy. Oh, so useful.ReplyDelete
Funny story. I really liked my anatomy prof, he was a little old Norwegian bachelor, soft spoken and always smiling like an elf who had gotten into the mead (or whatever elves drink). As for hoops, I prefer anatomy class to step 1.
- Anonymous1:17 PM, April 21, 2008
I liked anatomy, and the brachial plexus since it was the first thing we dissected. We got asked about it in anesthesia although as long as you could inject 20cc of local anesthetic anywhere near it, your block would work.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous2:37 PM, April 21, 2008
As a 3rd year medical student, that's officially my new favorite fantasy...ReplyDelete
Frank, are you a gas passer? I mean anasthesiologist? I've heard that's a sweet gig.ReplyDelete
Calling all doctors!!!
I must know!!!
Do you believe that there are "special" diets that can cure cancer?
My personal idea is that anyone promoting special diets to cure cancer is a sheister.
I know a gal who has a brother that is apparently "curing" himself with a special diet. No medical intervention necessary. I told her that if it is something like prostate cancer, it grows and spreads so slowly that it will be a long time before he realizes that the diet isn't working.
Amy, it totally pisses me off when people try to tell me if I ate/did certain things I would not have gotten cancer (I am not offended by what you said, I am saying the IDEA that I could have prevented my cancer by eating differently/taking different supplements, etc. is offensive to me) It is very difficult to offend me about anything, but that idea that many people hold does it.ReplyDelete
I had a nurse at my cardiologists office hound me and ask me repeatedly how I got cancer. She kept saying "you know, because lung cancer is caused by smoking, so what causes thyroid cancer". I tried really hard to be polite and repeated myself over and over that my doctor said there was no known reason other than radiation exposure which did not apply to me. When she just kept asking "yes, but what did you DO to get it?" I finally asked her if it made her feel more safe from cancer when you try and place the blame on me for something I did/did not do in order to get the cancer. She didn't know how to respond to that, and left the room.
I have heard that sometimes cancer spontaneously cures itself or seems to get better, so someone doing those at home cures might get lucky and that is what we would hear about. Otherwise they would probably die and we wouldn't hear about their lack of success, right?
Sheister is one of my favorite words to say. It just sounds so naughty.
Amy: The short answer to your question is "NO!!!". The long answer is "HELL NO!!!".ReplyDelete
The people that tout these dietary cures are no better than the slugs that market colon cleanses (have you seen that infomercial with that goofy looking guy with the pock-marked face?), or those who sell grass clippings marketed as "herbal remedies". It's all BS.
Mind you I'm not saying that a healthy diet isn't good for you...just that it won't cure anything.
Amen, and thank you erdoc85 and radgirl. I told her that he wasn't going to get cured. She'll probably resent me, but I don't care.ReplyDelete
radgirl- I totally don't believe in the diet/herbal crap. Sure a healthy diet is good for you, but short of living inside a nuclear reactor, or smoking cancer sticks, not much you do is going to prevent cancer if it's in your genetic makeup.
Likewise, I hate the vegevangelists who think meat is the root of all evil. I actually typed "foot of all evil", which is way more interesting.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous8:00 PM, April 21, 2008
One sleepless night, I watched on TV this quack named Kevin Something who sells a book of "natural" cures that he claims doctors don't want us to know about.ReplyDelete
Why would doctors not want us to know about cures,I don't know...
Maybe you can tell us! ;-)
Oh Amy!ReplyDelete
How naive! Since I am semi-retired I will tell you how it really is in medicine.
Right before one is granted a license to practice medicine in the United States (and most western countries) one is kidnapped at midnight and driven to a secret location where one is given the opportunity to either sign on the dotted line regarding keeping the secret cures secret (or not).
The consequences of not signing are that you do not get a license to practice. This 'Kevin' character did not sign. He is fighting the good fight but everyone thinks he is a snake-oil salesman.
We have all known how to cure cancer and HIV and alzheimers etc... for many years but by hiding the true cures from the public we are able to continue the money machine that is the pharmaceutical industry.
The benefit is that every doctor in the western world has an offshore account in which, monthly, a large sum of money is deposited. We then continue to 'practice' and, in the process, earn a reasonable 'on the books' living.
Kevin does not know it yet, but he is a marked man. I mean he is threatening the livelihood of physicians everywhere who have grown accustomed to the $50k per month we all get offshore. It does get hard to hold the line when it's your mother that is dying from metastatic breast cancer (which can be cured by drinking a slurry of bee pollen and bat guano mixed with goat's milk), but those are the kind of sacrifices we all make to afford the yachts and the vacation homes in Sun Valley or the dacha on the Black Sea.
люди будут платить много денег для моментального комфорта
Thanks drx
I want a dacha on the black sea. (I just saw a show on bizarre foods with Andrew Zimmern and he went to a dacha, but I don't know if it was on the black sea.)
My friend very kindly said that most doctors aren't trained in alternative medicine. I'm not going to argue with her. But you can be sure that I won't be resorting to herbs to cure anyone in my family unless you can derive beneficial compounds from them like Taxol. My husband's a botanist and we certainly don't buy into that bunk.
- Anonymous9:02 PM, April 21, 2008
I see, so it is all a conspiracy... I should have known!
How brave of that guy to put his life on the line to expose the scam.
Back at you:
Vous devriez arrêter de commenter en Russe, c'est fatigant d'aller traduire sur le site de Google.(Je plaisante)
Damnit X, you know the punishment for divulging "the secret". Your days are numbered. They're gonna send "Double O Doc" to take care of you if you get sick. I did my residency with him. Like 007, he's licensed to kill.ReplyDelete
yeah X,ReplyDelete
get in line man. mum's the word dude!
I have about 3 Path professors that I'd like to send to you with shattered ankles at this point...ReplyDelete
On a different note, we have a Student Physician Awareness Day conference coming up this week that is dedicated entirely to CAM. I think next year is dedicated entirely to Deborah Peel and the marvels of JACHO
I just got back from a lecture on the medical treatment of autism by a pediatric neurologist, and I couldn't believe the questions people asked afterwards, the things they'd subjected their poor kids to. The Dr. said that he's actually seen autistic kids admitted in the ER because the parents had put the kid on a crazy diet they heard about on the internet.ReplyDelete
One of the first things the doc said was that there was no silver bullet or magic cure, especially if it's a two for one offer, available only on the internet. So he's just throwing us off the trail, obviously...
Oh no, the docs at MDOD are now marked for divulging their reach-around status with big pharma and it says so on this website...ReplyDelete
I know the surgeons I work with perform esphagos, lobectomies, CABGs, etc including the recent repair of an ascending aortic rupture (ya, that's right bitch-a 6-cm at the aortic root!) for the fun of it! Or I mean, the conspiracy of it!
Cher Amy,ReplyDelete
Mais non. J'aime la Russe! C'est magnifique! C'est aussie mysterieuse!
Bostonian in NY,ReplyDelete
Make no mistake... there's big money in CAM, just no science. Here's something that will work just as well as CAM. As an adjunct to an open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture shown above a CAM practitioner will be signed on the case to do healing touch and to talk nicely to the patient about how well their body is healing the fracture. Also, a proprietary blend of fermented yak butter will be rubbed on the uninjured leg to 'promote healing'. Six weeks later the patient, while smelling bad, will be seen to have had a fine recovery and will feel very good about themselves because that nice doctor with the yak's butter told them they were 'super'. who was that surgeon again? pay me bitch!
- Anonymous10:09 AM, April 22, 2008
Now now...Jenny McCarthy's son is currently "recovered" from autism due to a special diet and vitamins.ReplyDelete
Who are you to question a former playmate-turned-D-list actress with her University of Google degree in Vaccine Toxicity?
Plenty of Americans believe her crapola.
- Anonymous10:15 AM, April 22, 2008
Ahh ankle injuries. Early in my military career I had a patient sent back from X-ray because he didn't meet the "Ottawa Rules" criteria. John Adams would role over in his grave if he knew American physicians obeyed commands from a former British Commonwealth. Drackman rule #1, if it hurts X-ray it. The only tri-malleolar fx I've ever treated wasn't that impresive on physical exam, it was only after getting the X-ray that I shat myself.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous12:35 PM, April 22, 2008
I'm taking anatomy next semester and I'm scared. It's only an undergrad course and I get to choose between a dissection or observation lab (because I'm pre-nursing, not pre-med) but...aaahhh.ReplyDelete
And physiology this summer is going to be a bitch since the summer session runs half as long as a full semester. It's a two hour class, Monday through Friday, with two three-hour labs during the week.
/will finish school, dammit
//and maybe even get into nursing school? who knows
- Anonymous1:59 PM, April 22, 2008
Hannah, do you know your name has horzontal symmetry? The dissection course is the only way to go. The Neuroanatomy course at my school had pre-dissected brains and I never could really get it down till I snuck in at 3am and sliced up a few of the Brains they were saving for the test.ReplyDelete
Jenny McCarthy is so full of crap (and silicone). She had an army of people working with her kid, and she says she did it all by eliminating Wonder Bread.
Last night there was this Mom speaking, as an intro, and she got up and said that she has FIVE autistic kids, all receiving public services. After the first two she knew they'd all be autistic, but she had 5 anyway because she wanted a big family. Well, that's fine, as long as she's taking care of themselves. But each autistic kid will consume $3.5 million of public services during their lifetime. This Mom said that autism isn't a disability, it's just a difference. I beg to differ, as I'm completely wiped out after a day with my autistic student, and oh yeah, all my other students. And this Mom was all about being theSexy Autism Supermom, as she had the implants pushed up to her chin with a wonderbra, and her shirt was barely covering her nipples. Add the long, permed blonde hair and fuck-me red heels, and it was just hard to take her seriously. Her five autistic kids don't just impact her--what about all the specialists, teachers,, respite workers etc...paid for by YOU. I need a nap and a drink.
hannah = palindromeReplyDelete
as is race car and boob
I like palindromes.
amy: you must have BIG boobs. I like BIG boobs.ReplyDelete
frank: "The Neuroanatomy course at my school had pre-dissected brains and I never could really get it down till I snuck in at 3am and sliced up a few of the Brains they were saving for the test."
Did you take an Incomplete? (Did anyone else?)
- Anonymous7:41 PM, February 07, 2009
CAM has its uses. I recommend checking out The Tooth from the Tiger's Mouth by Tom Bisio, re: Chinese sports medicine. See link by my name for his page, which has excerpts from it linked.ReplyDelete
I'm not knocking Western medicine. I just think they can work well, hand in hand (okay, next to each other, anyway).


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Unfortunately, sati itself isn't described in Satipatthana sutta, which describes only the four sati-upatthana, the ways of establishing sati.dhamma follower wrote:While I totally agree with all of the above, I still think that "to remember to abandon the unskillful and remain in skillful" is only one aspect of sati. Otherwise, how would you make sense of the way sati is described in sati patthana?
Would you please give a reference?Sati as attending to the working of the five khandas is clearly also as important.
Why the skillful and unskillful don't apply anymore? The ability to distinguish them is the essence of dhamma-vicaya factor of Awakening. And the fourfold Right Effort is based on abandoning the unskillful and developing the skillful.Also, in vipassana stages, skillful and unskillful don't apply anymore, as there is only perception of paramatha, rise and fall, the three marks etc..., what is the role of sati then ?
Over and over again Buddha calls for shedding unskillful and developing the skillful. This is the essence of his teaching.
"When a disciple of the noble ones discerns what is unskillful in this way, discerns the root of what is unskillful in this way, discerns what is skillful in this way, and discerns the root of what is skillful in this way, when — having entirely abandoned passion-obsession, having abolished aversion-obsession, having uprooted the view-&-conceit obsession 'I am'; having abandoned ignorance & given rise to clear knowing — he has put an end to suffering & stress right in the here-&-now, it is to this extent that a disciple of the noble ones is a person of right view, one whose view is made straight, who is endowed with verified confidence in the Dhamma, and who has arrived at this true Dhamma."
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka ... .than.html" onclick="window.open(this.href);return false;
Best wishes, Dmytro


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Since the earliest days of modern computing, the theme of thin clients has run a through the fabric of hardware devices like a wayward color thread through a tapestry. While all else tends in one direction, a persistent cross-theme of "less is more" pervades a fringe sector of infrastructure. In the post-PC era, you'd think that "smaller is better" would finally have its day in the sun, but the same forces that have historically constrained its emergence are just as active and effective in the present.
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In the days of mainframe hegemony, thin clients were simply dumb terminals. Computing was done on the host machine: Letters were relayed to the screen and key-presses sent back to the beast in the computer room. In industries that did heavy data-entry, smart terminals were an excellent solution and remained a mainstay of enterprises for decades. They were cheap, didn't break often, and could be swapped in and out easily.
Terminals appeared also in UNIX circles, where beefed-up versions competed with workstations in the form of X terminals: high-end, graphics-capable, dumb terminals. As with the mainframe add-ons, their principal selling point was lower cost of ownership.
When PCs arrived, the new devices became the de facto fat client not cheap and certainly not easy to manage. Initially, they were no substitute for dumb terminals and so they were used primarily by "knowledge workers" and "power users" who needed local computing power to perform their duties.
Even when the prices of PCs dropped significantly, vendors of thin clients, such as Sun Microsystems, could still score sales my shifting the conversation to the cost of management of PCs. A Sun Ray device, for example, sported a card reader, which enabled the user to sign in and call up his desktop and work from there. The programs and all the data resided on centralized servers under IT's control.
If you've used SSH or Windows Remote Desktop from your PC, you have experienced the trade-offs: diminished performance and strict limitations on what you can do.
This brings us to the present day. For the last several years, Google has been touting Chromebooks as a solution to the common problem of managing PCs. The Chromebook is a laptop device with local processing but whose OS, applications, and storage are online. In effect, the local OS is primarily a browser and the software consists of HTML5 apps, such as Google Docs, and other services offered by a slew of vendors. Ads from Google make no bones about it: The selling point is reduced acquisition and maintenance costs. Sales come from the traditional segments for thin clients: data-entry-intensive sites and schools. It's important to note that Chromebooks are not dumb devices in the same sense that their forebears were. Chromebooks run portions of apps locally and have temporary local storage for use by the client side. This arrangement is somewhat different from a cottage industry that sprang up about five years ago, but appears to have died: vendors of hardware devices that enabled users to attach a keyboard display to a virtual machine hosted in the data center or cloud. Pano Logic was a representative vendor of this technology, and it made its pitch which now appears to have been unsuccessful on the basis of easy maintenance. In this model, IT updated and handled the hosted VMs, users plugged their display, keyboard, and mouse into a small, cheap device that passed graphics and keystrokes over the network to the VM. Products like the Chromebook have replaced this model.
For a few aficionados, there is a different raison d'être for the thin-client model, which is a return to a simpler model of computing. Their hopes might have been elevated when tablets first appeared and were touted as the successors to PCs. But those aspirations were and will always be frustrated, as they run athwart of all we know about consumer preferences, which strongly favor more features, rather than fewer. Each generation of tablets (smart phones even more so) has added more capabilities. For example, today it's not uncommon to see tablet users carrying a Bluetooth keyboard that attaches to their devices.
For some old timers, the view of a laptop being recreated by a tablet and keyboard is laughable as an advance; especially given the underpowered nature of the tablet. But focusing on the irony misses one point: the keyboard is a rarely used device for the tablet, whereas it is the primary input mechanism for laptops. In addition, the touch aspect of tablets provide a different screen interaction than laptops do. Other physical characteristics enter into the equation as well.
But the vision of a tablet cum keyboard as the new model of PC is right on. This is the fat client come to the new form factor. I believe the future is heading in that direction and that the Microsoft Surface leads the way. I've been using an Intel-based Surface Pro for several weeks now and very much like the combination of PC and tablet that it provides. The device, while considerably more expensive than the standard tablet, represents a believable next step for the industry a full PC (with Intel processor, SSD disk, 4GB RAM, 1920x1080 screen) that can be used as a touch-enabled tablet. Only battery life and cost stand in the way of wide acceptance.
Over time, thin clients inevitably become thicker. And in the consumer space, they become thicker fast by adopting thick-client capabilities and delivering them with a new twist. If the post-PC era looks a lot like a highly portable version of the PC era, don't be surprised.
— Andrew Binstock
Editor in Chief
[email protected]
Twitter: platypusguy


text: Used MINI Cars In Northumberland Search for your next Used MINI Car Make Choose a make... MINI Model Choose a model… Min Price Min price (£) 2001 3001 4001 5001 6001 7001 8001 9001 10001 11001 12001 13001 14001 16001 18001 20001 25001 30001 Max Price Max price (£) 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 16000 18000 20000 25000 30000 40000 Postcode Please enter a valid postcode 504 vehicles match your search View vehicles We'll bring your chosen used MINI to your nearest dealership Why not try our Move me closer service? Try our move me closer service, and benefit from our whole used car range across the UK. It's easy, just search our used car offers, find a car you want, submit your Move Me Closer request by clicking the button under the 'Location' section of the page, pay a £200 refundable transfer fee and have it moved to your nearest location. View and test drive the vehicle, if you are happy with the car we can then continue with the purchase. Find out more Used MINI Cars in Northumberland Evans Halshaw aim to help you find a used MINI car in Northumberland that's right for you. With a range of different MINI models, you can browse our second-hand MINI cars in Northumberland, and with our move me closer service, you aren't restricted by location, as we can move any of our used MINI cars nearest to you. Our price guarantee, also gives you peace of mind as we constantly review and update our used MINI vehicles to offer you the best price. Explore online our used MINI cars for sale in Northumberland, or find out more by calling our experts at Evans Halshaw on 0333 323 6434. Move Me Closer We'll move your vehicle closer to you Find out more Sell Your Car Request a free online valuation of your car Get valuation Servicing Quality car servicing that suits your budget Book online Find Your Nearest Dealer With over 140 locations throughout the UK Find a dealership


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DENVER Gun-rights advocates filed a recall petition against state Rep. Mike McLachlan, D-Durango, on Tuesday.
A group called Colorado Accountability has been threatening the recall for two weeks. Organizers now have about two months to collect 10,586 valid signatures from voters in McLachlans House District 59.
This is their right to petition to recall me. I look forward to a full discussion of the issues, McLachlan said.
He didnt want to comment further until he saw the official petition.
The secretary of states office will work with Colorado Accountability to make sure the petition is formatted properly. After that, petitioners will have a 60-day deadline to get all their signatures. That puts their deadline around May 7, coinciding with the last week of the legislative session.
Colorado Accountability spokesman Anthony Garcia said the group also is working on a recall of Senate President John Morse, D-Colorado Springs, and it will file a recall in the next week and a half, after it finishes organizing a local committee. Other legislators could be recall targets, too, but Garcia said the group wants to keep a lid on them for now.
McLachlans votes on four gun bills spurred the recall.
The petition reads: Representative McLachlan has betrayed the trust of his constituents, his oath to uphold the 2nd Amendment and the rights of gun owners by voting YES on gun control measures in both the Judiciary Committee and the House of Representatives.
A recall election against a state legislator is an exceedingly rare event, not just in Colorado, but nationally.
There have been only 36 state legislative recall elections since 1908, when the first recall law went on the books, said Joshua Spivak, senior fellow at the Hugh L. Carey Institute for Government Reform at Wagner College. Spivak also runs The Recall Elections Blog, which keeps track of recall news nationwide.
Getting on the ballot is the biggest hurdle, and that is always a problem, Spivak said.
Indeed, McLachlans opponents face tough odds to get on the ballot. The number of signatures they need is 25 percent of the total vote in House District 59 in the last election. Put in other terms, they have 60 days to get valid signatures from more than half of the people who voted against McLachlan in November.
Despite their rarity, recall elections against state legislators are getting more common. The year 2011 was especially active, with 11 elections in Wisconsin after a labor battle, plus one in Michigan and one against Arizonas state Senate president, Spivak said.
But 2013 has been quiet so far, with movements against only McLachlan and an Alaska representative who switched parties. No recall campaign has qualified for the ballot nationwide this year, according to Spivaks blog.


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March 2019 Calendar Word: We are bringing here blank templates in Portrait and Landscape format. Check printable calendar templates and holidays in the form of images. The calendar is one of the most widely searchable topics in all over the world. Once you know the importance of calendars, you can really be in touch to download calendar in sheets, pdf, word, page, and excel. You will get Printable Calendar in MS Word, Excel & Big Size Images. You can send calendars directly to your friends & online buddies. Calendars are available for New Zealand, Australia, Canada, India, UK, US, South Africa & other countries.
March 2019 Calendar Word
March Calendar 2019 Word


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- lightweight
Women's Coats are Fabulously Stylish
Baby, it's cold outside! Take on winter weather in style with our women's coats. A nice coat is one of the most crucial parts of any wardrobe. A cute sweater keeps you warm, but nothing blocks out the wind chill like a good coat. Pick up one of our beautiful coats made of tweed or fleece. Warm and durable, jackets made from these materials will last for years. Color is the new black! Many of the brands we carry have eschewed a line full of black coats. They've added some major color that will look fantastic this winter. Warm reds, creamy caramels, and stunning silvers are just a few of the colors you'll find. Timeless or trendy? The choice is yours! Select from timeless coat styles, such as pea coats and trench coats, or try something a bit trendier by getting scuba style jacket. In addition to fashion coats, we also have coats for a variety of activities: skiing, biking, hiking, and more. You can count on us to keep you warm and fashionable this winter! View all of your women's winter coats in the women's department.
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Shop Women's Jackets


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Board Agendas
Board Agendas
Agendas for meetings of the City College of San Francisco Board of Trustees are composed of a variety of resolutions. In general, Agenda items are proposed by Administrators of City College of San Francisco.
If you have any questions pertaining to the Board Agenda(s), please contact the Chancellor's office at (415) 239-3303.
All board documents are bookmarked PDFs. To access these documents please make sure that you have the latest version of Acrobat reader. It is available by clicking the Acrobat reader button below.
Please click the specific date(s) to review.


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) -- It's not exactly a secret Americans are coming up short when it comes to retirement savings.
But until now economists really couldn't put a hard and fast number on the financial challenges Americans faced.
A study provides some clarity. U.S. retirees,
, are looking at seven full years of low or no income in retirement.
Some are getting the idea. A
separate study from Ally Bank
says 37% of retirees fear they "won't live comfortably" during their golden years.
In the HSBC study,
The Future Of Retirement: A New Reality
, researchers say Americans are looking at a "significant fall in their living standards" in their last seven years of retirement, thanks to retirees doing a lousy job with long-term savings.
Retirees in most countries have the same problem, HSBC says.
"The concept of retirement is evolving all the time, and we knew that the U.S. and the rest of the world is not prepared -- but now we know by just how much," says Andrew Ireland, a senior vice president at HSBC. "People are living longer, through tougher economic times, but expectations about their standard of living in retirement remain unchanged. As a result, millions of people around the world are facing years of hardship after their savings run out."
In the U.S., HSBC analysts estimate that seniors will run out of money 14 years into retirement; on average, Americans spend 21 years in retirement. Thus the seven-year gap.
Internationally, the average timetable for retirement is 18 years, with the average retiree's savings lasting only 10 years. HSBC says that 56% of the global population isn't saving enough for retirement, and almost 20% haven't saved anything for their golden years.
The falls squarely on retirees, the study notes, as 43% of adults across the globe place a larger priority on going on vacation than saving for retirement. Another 29% say they "raided" their retirement savings to buy a new home or pay for their child's college tuition.
"People throughout history have faced the question of how to provide for the future, and today's savers are no exception," Ireland says. "Yet as daunting as the current challenges may seem, the solution is very simple: The earlier you start to plan, the better prepared you will be."
There seems to be two choices to close that retirement savings gap.
"For some this may mean beginning to save more, whereas others will choose to work longer. The key is for everyone, regardless of age or income, to make a plan to help them get the retirement they expect."


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Womens Color Block Rashguard Top Zipper Long Sleeve Swimming Shirt
Features :
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- Raglan full length sleeves with thumbholes
- Zip down on the front for easy donning and off
- No underwire, but removable bra paddings insert
- Matching with capris or boardshorts are fashionable
Zip Front One-piece Rashguard
One-piece Rashguard
Printed Rash Guard
Color Block Swimsuit
Brand -- "WoldGirls" Owns Trademarks,We focus on Plus size Clothing and Bandage Dresses,Plus Size Swimsuits in our store.
ATTENTION PLEASE: WoldGirls own its Shop, to ensure quality and size, please ensure you buy from Amazon or seller "WoldGirls".
Welcome to our website. We appreciate your time no matter you are purchasing or just looking. We are happy to introduce ourselves as a famous professional manufacturer and supplier of wholesale professional and manufacturer of wholesale fashion women dress,bandage dress,bodycon dress,party dress,club dress,mini dress and sexy dress with well-equipped testing facilities and strong technical force since 2004. More than 10000 pieces are produced each month and sold to all over the world. Our factory are committed to supply the best quality dress and always offer Wholesale, OEM&ODM(custom), Label and Dropshipping excellent service.so our online shop is worth your trust.
History of WoldGirls
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Now we have more than 150 skilled workers in workshop, half of them have worked in our factory for more than four years with rich experience in Plus size Clothing and bandage dress.
Main Products
Our products are Plus size Clothing,Bandage Dresses,Yoga Clothing. There are more than 1000 styles we have made. As long as you send the pictures of design you want, we can make a sample.
Large Stock
To wholesale, we have a warehouse more than 500 square meters and most of the products are in stock to sell to customers from different countries and areas. And our exclusive styles would also make our customers business be more competitive.
We are known for providing our customers with the followings:
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