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Mailshot Volunteer for Thame Players
Start Date: 22 April 2019
End Date: 20 April 2020
Contact nameTony Long
Telephone number07881 688895
Email email@example.com
Website www.thameplayers.co.ukAdditional information
Do you like going to the theatre and have a bit of spare time?
If you enjoy going to the theatre, have some spare time, and would like to help the Players Theatre in Thame get publicity leaflets out to people on the mailing list, read on!
Five or six times a year, we need to collate up to a dozen A5 leaflets with an A5 What's On Guide, pack them into envelopes, then apply prepared labels to the envelopes, ready to be franked at the theatre. The leaflets will already be printed and can be delivered to your home, so this is about laying them out on a table and picking one of each type to insert into a C5 envelope. The envelopes and labels will be supplied to you at the same time as the leaflets. Once the work is done we can collect the stuffed and sealed envelopes ready for franking and posting. You need about half a day to do this work for each mailing – so five or six half days a year.
This role would suit someone who lives locally in Thame, is retired or has some spare time. You don't need any special experience, but obviously any prior experience in collating mailshots will be welcome.
As a perk of the job, we are offering a complimentary ticket to see each of five Thame Players' shows a year, so what are you waiting for? Apply now and get to see some great local theatre productions!

subset: commoncrawl


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Albany Family Dentistry
Dr. Bhupinder Bhattal
(518) 783-2233
Renew Your Smile Albany, Latham and the surrounding areas. Missing teeth can smudge even the most beautiful of smiles, but Syracuse cosmetic dentist Dr. Bhattal can restore the beauty through the use of dental bridges. Dental bridges are made of porcelain which is a natural tooth-colored material. In the gifted hands of Dr. Bhattal, dental bridges seamlessly replace the missing teeth lost by disease or injury. A fixed dental bridge is a device used to fill the space left from a missing tooth, or teeth, that has either fallen out or been removed. A typical dental bridge consists of a pontic (a filler tooth) that is attached to two surrounding abutments (dental crowns). Once competed, this dental bridge is bonded in to the mouth. If a dental bridge is not used, the space caused by the missing teeth will allow the remaining teeth to shift out of place causing expensive problems to your bite, jaw and joint problems and periodontal diseases. To learn more about dental bridges or any other general dentistry procedure, please contact cosmetic dentist Dr. Bhattal – Albany, Latham and the surrounding areas. Dental Bridge Process Dental bridges replace the missing teeth with artificial teeth. The dentist will begin by preparing the surrounding teeth by cleaning and removing any plaque and decay that remains and reducing them so that the dental crowns can be fitted. The dentist will then take a mold of the gap where a tooth is missing, and then send it to a laboratory to prepare a customized dental bridge. The bridge is set into place and the artificial tooth is securely cemented to the adjacent teeth, restoring the attractive natural appearance and functionality of the tooth that was lost. If a resin-bonded bridge is chosen, the artificial tooth is secured by means of a metal appliance that attaches to the backs of adjacent teeth. In certain cases, the dentist may decide a dental implant is a better alternative than a dental bridge due to no surrounding teeth for support of the bridge.


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Electric Fencing Energizers
Speedrite Energizers is what we have been using for years when we install fence and seldom have we had any complications or complaints with these. If you would rather want a solar powered energizer than we would recommend you go with the gallegher brand, we also carry the electric gallegher energizers. For More info on Speedrite Energizers click on this link https://www.speedritechargers.com and for more info on Gallagher Energizers click onto this link https://am.gallagher.com/us/products/power← BACK


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Jeju Tangerine Printed Sheet Mask
In stock
Free shipping on all orders over $35, we currently only ship to U.S. addresses. All prices are in US Dollars.
This fun printed sheet mask contains real peel extracts from Jeju Tangerines from the isle of Jeju off the southern coast of South Korea. Jeju tangerine extract is known to contain six citrus flavonoids that brighten the skin's complexion and tighten pores. This mask also softens, & calms. Directions: 1) Thoroughly cleanse face 2) Apply mask to face, avoiding eyes and lips 3) After 10-20 minutes gently remove the mask 4) Lightly massage skin
|For external use only; avoid contact with eyes; for adult use only. If skin irritation/rash occurs, immediately stop use. Use only as directed.
|Water (Aqua), Dipropylene Glycol, Glycerin, Butylene Glycol, Glycereth-26, PEG/PPG-17/6 Copolymer, Alcohol, 1,2-Hexanediol, PEG-75, Hydroxyacetophenone, Panthenol, Carbomer, Arginine, Citrus Unshiu Peel Extract, Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Polyglyceryl-10 Myristate, Disodium EDTA, Allantoin, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Diospyros Kaki Leaf Extract, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Leaf Extract, Monarda Didyma Leaf Extract, Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract, Perilla Ocymoides Leaf Extract, Ocimum Basilicum (Basil) Leaf Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate, Fragrance (Parfum), Limonene
Write Your Own Review


text: IJRAP International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 2277-4343 Moksha Publishing House DOI: 10.7897/2277-4343.100233 A REVIEW ON MANAGEMENT OPTIONS AVAILABLE FOR THE TREATMENT OF SHVITRA IN AYURVEDIC TEXT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO VITILIGO Shruti Devi * Rajpreet Singh Veenu Malhotra Pushpinder Singh 11 -0001 37 40 Abstract Shvitra (vitiligo) is an acquired de-pigmentation disorder manifested as white macules on the skin which causes significant psychological stress and social stigmatization. This disease is triggered by to the improper functioning of the melanocytes which are responsible for skin pigmentation. The correlation of vitiligo in Ayurveda is considered with shvitra. The three type of shvitra are mainly treated with different types of samshamna, lepa and samshodana karma like vamana, virechana etc. The reasons to develop this disease are also considered as the un-truthful, ungratefulness and disrespect the gods, sinful acts etc. These causative factors including oral as well as mental sinful disposition of this present life and previous life. So clinically this study requires some validation of various therapies like samshodhana, samshana, phototherapy etc. in shvitra as acharyas considered this disease in a karmaja category over the vitiligo, as modern science does not add any specific treatment like this as mentioned in Ayurvedic texts with special reference to vitiligo. Keywords shvitra vitiligo skin dhatus shodana internal therapy References


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Job Summary
The Plant Engineering (PE) intern supports the protection of UPS assets, facilities, equipment, and grounds. He /She assists with maintaining facility environmental compliance, conveyor system reliability, housekeeping, and facility safety. The PE Specialist manages small projects.
Other Duties
- Generates and maintains all contracts and certificates of insurance for multiple vendors
- Assists with vendor migration from Oasis to ARIBA
- Assists with vendor diversification
- Oversees the performance of the Annual Electrical PMI
- Supervises all necessary repairs with UPS mechanics through MAXIMO
- Analyze and trouble shoot PLC systems
- Assists with outbound commissioning audits
- Assists with overseeing the protection of physical assets, facility and equipment maintenance, and facility housekeeping to ensure a safe, clean, and efficient facility
- Assists with identifying and scheduling necessary repairs and preventative maintenance, through the use of PE mechanics and outside vendors, to maintain the condition of the facility
- Uses outside service housekeeping vendors to ensure that facility appearance is maintained at an acceptable level for the most reasonable cost
- Dispatches and oversees the work of outside service housekeeping vendors through physical inspections to ensure quality of work
- Communicates regularly with outside contractors to resolve any problems
- Manages vendor contract compliance and oversees vendor payment to ensure the work is done to specifications and vendors are paid upon completion
- Audit and inventory department supplies and equipment
- Assists with developing the scope of work, and estimates cost using UPS guidelines and industry standards so projects can be evaluated against the district budget and approvals obtained
- Inspects projects to ensure compliance with safety and environmental regulations and adherence to original contract documents
- Manages the budget by tracking costs against contract terms to ensure that costs stay within district budgetary guidelines
- Communicates assigned work status to colleagues to determine the potential impact on the department's schedule
- Assist with design development and preparation for projects
- Monitors and maintains energy conservation throughout the building through several avenues and gradual upgrades
- Assists with sustainability campaign
- Assists with the implementation of sustainability initiatives
- Monitors department spending based on annual budgetary figures for multiple categories
- Manages the accrual process for the department
Preferred Competencies
- Conducts Research: Identifies the business problem that requires research; identifies sources of information that are relevant to a problem; reviews literature and data related to the research question; summarizes information from data sources
- Detail Orientation: Captures/documents specific and accurate information; learns subjects thoroughly and in detail; completes work with thoroughness; supplies appropriate details when requested; maintains organized files
- Equipment Repair Management: Describes types of equipment problems that can occur; identifies specifications of mechanical and technical equipment; explains repair techniques and tools
- Facilities, Equipment, and Grounds Maintenance: Identifies basic facility components requiring preventative maintenance; describes how to create preventative maintenance schedules
- Project Planning: Demonstrates an understanding of basic project planning processes, including planning action items and resources
- Technology Implementation: Able to communicate designed and developed technology solutions and their desired outcome in general terms; expresses the importance of an effective implementation; develops implementation plans
Minimum Qualifications
- Microsoft Office knowledge (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Access)
- Bachelors of Science Degree (or equivalent) or currently working towards degree
UPS is an equal opportunity employer. UPS does not discriminate on the basis of race/color/religion/sex/national origin/veteran/disability/age/sexual orientation/gender identity or any other characteristic protected by law


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It's about presenting you with a complete lifestyle transformation and a design approach that considers every angle.
Our design team will consider the architectural and structure relating to the site, the landscape and the environment.
We will consider how both the interior and exterior harmonise with each other and also how your family interacts with the space and each other.
Finally now you'll feel like living there for years to come.


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Amazing how certain stories never get mentioned by a certain [COUGH… biased… ultra liberal media… slanted… COUGH] audience. Nonetheless, it's Wall worthy because something as brazen as Al Sharpton's comment gets swept under the rug and over everyone's numb conscience on the issue.
Did you see catch this talk on the tube concerning Al (shouldn't be called Rev. any longer because the last cloth he saw wasn't around his neck, but rather used a wiping device) Sharpton, the respected and noted Roland Martin and Family Research Council's Tony Perkins? If not, click, enjoy and carry on the post:
- First and foremost, yes ladies, Anderson is gay. Rumors floated back when he was host of ABC's "The Mole" (anyone?). Then, Cooper was the subject of a much discussed Out magazine cover last year that named the news anchor and Jodie Foster among the 50 most powerful gay men and women in America. Not such a stunner, but his mom would be proud because those Gloria Vanderbilt jeans are probably still in his closet (Oh come on. We're just funnin', no?)
- Al, your work in the 60s and on into today for blacks everywhere has been noted, welcomed, appreciated and honored. And I thank you. But after two failed presidential bids, get the picture. Either go back to the pulpit or continue your travesty of a political career. You sir, are not someone that can pat your head and rub your tummy simultaneously.
- Kudos to Al for having the chutzpah to bring that up in the first place. You catch that nervous laughter from the cameramen and producers off-screen? Nice.
- What about Tony Perkins' comment? "I would rather keep him from going [to hell]." Good for you, Tony. But um, you weren't there for relief because the dire southern wind – known as Al – had the floor.
- And there's Anderson's quip. "I am personally not that concerned about [the afterlife and my position in it]." Unlike some folk in America, I like Anderson's broadcast. Although he has writers, some of those questions are original and poignant. I've seen the guy in action, and he is serious about news. However, MEMO to Anderson Cooper 360: Unless you do a 180 into a prayer for salvation, you will be MUCH MORE concerned about hell than you think.


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HVU-75 Heavy Absorbent Pad for Universal, Yellow, 18" L x 16" W, 100 PK
by NPS Inc
$ 49.99
- A multi-use product offering that combines an absorbent with a caution/warning sign.
- High-Visibility print layer draws quick visual attention to the affected area is strong and tear resistant.
- These sorbents are virtually lint-free and highly durable for high viscosity or high traffic applications.
- Spunbond material is extremely strong and can withstand rigorous abuse from foot traffic.
- Wont tear apart when pulled or placed under equipment.
- Fluids Absorbed:water, oil, diesel, gas, coolants, cutting fluids, hydraulic fluids, vegetable oil, acetone, turpentine, etc.


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What is your name, age and nationality?
My name is Rachael, I'm 26 years old and I am from Scotland.
What is your education level and background?
I attended university for two and a half years in Aberdeen studying politics and international relations but I realised it was sucking my soul dry and it was in no way making me happy. I decided to leave university. Whilst at university I had been working for a hotel chain who sent me to another of their hotels in the Aberdeenshire countryside to help out during the summer. What was meant to be a two week stay turned into 5 years working for them before leaving to take the TEFL course.
Have you travelled abroad previously, and if so where?
Prior to this my travelling abroad had been limited to weeks in the sun and city breaks such as Dublin and Amsterdam.
What motivated you to teach abroad?
As a kid, I always saw myself as a teacher but never pursued it as a career which is something I always regretted. I loved working hospitality and hearing people's travel stories but realised I had none of my own. Whilst doing some research into travelling and working abroad I stumbled across the concept of teaching English and the seed was planted!
What did you want to personally achieve with this experience, and have you succeeded?
One of the main things I wanted to achieve was actually doing it! It was three years between thinking about and stepping on the plane. I wanted to prove to myself that I could make the leap and travel to the other side of the world and prove to others that I could as well.
Did you apply for the program with a friend or on your own?
I applied for the program myself as most of my friends had either travelled already or were looking to settle down and buy houses.
Did you know anyone who had taught abroad before you?
I met someone briefly about a month before I left. She had taught in South Korea for a year and said it was an incredible experience. I was mostly relying on the testimonies on the TEFL heaven website that it was going to be a great experience.
What were some of your concerns before you began teaching abroad?
One of the major concerns I had (and still have) is my lack of the local language but I am luckily in a place where many do speak enough English for us to be able to communicate. I would recommend learning some of the local language before you travel as I wish I had learned more.
My other concern was the fact that I was heading to a course where I wouldn't know anyone but that concern quickly disappeared when I met my fellow course mates.
What made you decide to do a TEFL course and choose TEFL Heaven?
Doing a TEFL course seemed like a no brainer! Without having teaching experience or any teaching qualifications I knew I wanted to get some certification before I began looking for a job. The TEFL Heaven course appealed as I would get practical experience in the country as well as having a job guaranteed.
What made you choose a face-to-face TEFL course over other options?
I had researched online TEFL courses and whilst it was a much cheaper option the thought of turning up to a country with no actual practical experience seemed crazy. Getting to experience the country first hand whilst doing the training was a great way to explore the culture and way of life before deciding for certain that this was where I wanted to spend the next few months of my life.
Which TEFL program did you do?
I took part in the TEFL Heaven program in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico.
What did you enjoy about your TEFL course?
Our course teacher has over a decade of experience teaching all over the world and his stories and advice were brilliant and helped me feel much more prepared. The teaching of the theory took place in the mornings and then the afternoons/evenings were spent preparing for lessons, teaching and exploring this great place. We also had to prepare at least one grammar workshop each which was very useful for refreshing my memory about all the grammar from my school days.
How prepared did you feel for your teaching position?
I felt more prepared than I thought I would before taking up the course. Part of the course included 10 hours of actual teaching and there was support from current teachers in helping to plan those lessons.
How long have you been teaching in Mexico and how long do you plan to stay?
I am just in my second week of teaching and it has been a learning curve as most of my teaching during the course was to young adults and adult learners with classes of no more than 6 or 7. My classes have between 15- 20 kids each.
How did you secure your English teaching job?
The student coordinator from the TEFL Heaven course looked over my CV and adjusted it for applying for teaching positions. I was asked what type of institution I ideally wanted to work at and what places I wanted to work in. He then helped me to make contact with a couple of different places here in Puerto Vallarta and I had my first interview secured for the second week of the course.
What type of school or organisation do you work for?
I am working for a voluntary programme to help benefit some of the poorest kids here in Puerto Vallarta. The programme has no government funding and is run on donations. It's really inspiring to see how generous people can be.
What does a typical working week look like for you?
I teach five one-hour classes a day, Monday through to Thursday and teach 4 classes on a Friday. As the programme is based in the outskirts of Puerto Vallarta where there is not a lot of public transportation the programme picks the volunteers up at 9.30am from a central location and classes begin at 10am. I teach a 5th grade class at 10am and a class for Junior High kids and some of the local mothers at 11am. We then have an hour for lunch and then teach until 4pm (3pm on Fridays.)
What age group or range to you teach?
I am teaching 5th graders, 6th graders and some teenagers from the Junior High. I also teach some of the local mothers in the area. The 5th and 6th graders are a lively bunch and keep me on my toes!
What do you most enjoy about teaching your students?
The fact that every day is different! You can plan every single detail of your class but it can all go out the window depending on what kind of mood the kids are in. For me, the kids are just hilarious which completely makes up for the moments when I want to tear my hair out!
How did you find somewhere to live and what is it like?
I found my accommodation through a Facebook group for the area. It is a room in a shared house and is close to a bus stop and a couple of supermarkets. For those wanting to stay in Puerto Vallarta I would recommend beginning your search as soon as you get here. Whilst there is a lot on offer, many places are priced towards those with a bit more money than you would be earning in a typical job here. It is possible to find something but does require a bit of work.
The buses here in Puerto Vallarta are an experience! I've never been on a fuller, bumpier bus! There are also no timetables or routes available to check so you just have to turn up to a bus stop and look for the bus that has where you want to go written on it! However, on the plus side you can get a bus from one end of Puerto Vallarta to the other for 7.50 pesos (around 40 pence). Always pay attention to the buses destinations as one day I didn't and ended up on the outskirts of Puerto Vallarta with a bus driver who spoke no English and I only speak a little Spanish, that was an interesting afternoon!
'Mexican' food in the UK just doesn't compare to the real thing here. I must admit I was a little apprehensive about trying the street vendors food (having a British mind set of health and safety!) but it so tasty and you can get some amazing tacos for around 15 pesos. Of course, if you eat at the stands in the main tourist areas such as at the Malecon then you will find yourself paying a little more but if you venture even just a few streets away from the main tourist areas you will not be disappointed.
The Malecon is the boardwalk here which is about a 15-minute walk and has great sculptures every now and again along it. In the evening, there are performances and lots of food and drink being sold. The views of the sunset are not to be missed from there!
There are lots of different walking tours around the city and there are many people and groups offering day trips to tequila factories, beaches, scuba diving, snorkelling etc.
Also along the Malecon there are plenty of bars, clubs and restaurants for whatever type of evening you fancy.
Be prepared for the humidity! Coming from Scotland I couldn't wait to experience some hot weather but I was not prepared for the humidity. From June to October the humidity here is very high and I have seen some intense thunderstorms here. Though from November I am told that the weather is much more enjoyable and less uncomfortable. I have a new found appreciation of A/C as it has never been something I needed in Scotland.
What are your monthly expenses?
Rent: 1,800 pesos
Food: 3000 pesos
Other bills: n/a
Social life: 2500 pesos
Transportation: 200 pesos
Phone: 200 pesos
Would you say you are able to live comfortably on your monthly salary?
My monthly stipend comfortably covers my bills and expenses. Here in Puerto Vallarta living costs are a little higher than in other parts of Mexico as it is primarily a tourist destination and there a lot of ex-pats here. I am not in a position where I will be able to save for anything apart from my flight back but that isn't an issue for me.
What advice would you give someone thinking about teaching abroad, and would you recommend teaching English in Mexico?
If you are thinking about doing it then please just go for it! I've been in this country for less than three months but I have taken the course, gotten a job and arranged accommodation.
Please don't be put off by all the horror stories you hear about Mexico. I have found it to be a very safe place so far and I think that if you are sensible and take the precautions you would at home then you should be alright.
If you don't already know Spanish then I would recommend learning some. It's something I regret not learning more of before I came here. You can get by not knowing Spanish but the locals appreciate it when you try speaking the language and it can make teaching easier as some words just can't be mimed.
Did you find this helpful?
Insert your tweetable quote/phrase here


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Everton agree Schneiderlin deal – wrapped up within 48 hours
Everton have agreed a £22m fee with Manchester United for France midfielder Morgan Schneiderlin according to a few sources including the Telegraph and the BBC.
After haggling to get the right fee for both parties it now looks certain that Schneiderlin will sign for the blues within the next 48 hours.
The deal could rise to £24m with various add-ons included in the agreement but the news will delight Everton fans who have been waiting for the deal.
Everton could also be set to conclude a double deal with talks on Memphis Depay still on-going. Manchester United want a permanent transfer, but Everton would prefer to try before they buy with a loan deal.
Who next for Everton?
Comment below or have your say on our dedicated Everton Forum at www.theevertonforum.co.uk/forum


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$95.00 $47.50
This black net poncho has a beautiful pattern of gold beads, as well as long hanging gold bead "fringe." It's a heavy piece, that is very pretty over a black dress or pants and top.
There are no reviews yet.
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.


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Luli Fama
Cosita Buena T-Back Mini Dress, Gold Rush
by Luli Fama
Flowy and tropical as a mini dress should be. This T-back mini offers a fun and sporty style with relaxed fit top and form fitting bottom. Adjustable waist allows you to perfect your shape and tie sides give you the option to customize the length.
Fit & Fabric
- T-Back Cover Up Mini Dress
- Luxe Sparkly Fabric
- Fitted Skirt Bottom and Relaxed Fit Top
- Adjustable Tiesides on the Skirt
- Adjustable Drawstring at Hip
- Designed in Miami


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NAPCO Security Technologies, Inc., one of the solutions providers and manufacturers of high tech electronic intrusion security, school safety lock down systems, Internet of Things (IoT) connected home, video and fire systems, as well as enterprise-class access control and door locking products, announces that its Board of Directors has authorized a new share repurchase program for the Company.
The new stock repurchase program is for up to 500,000 shares of the approximately 18.6 million shares outstanding. The repurchase will be made from time to time in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions subject to market conditions and the market price of the common stock. Under the repurchase program authorized in 2014 to repurchase up to 1,000,000 shares the Company has the ability to repurchase approximately 52,000 shares.
Recurring Revenue
Richard Soloway, President & CEO of NAPCO stated "We believe that the future for NAPCO looks bright, our sales and profits continue to grow with fiscal 2018 being another record year for us. Our new products that have launched recently such as the Starlink Connect, and Dual Path communicators have performed well for us as evidenced by the continued growth of our recurring revenue, which grew 46% in our first fiscal quarter 2019 and has an annual run rate of $15.6 million based on September 2018."
School security remains a vibrant area for growth and the Company continues to win new business in this vertical"
"The Company also saw growth in its hardware products offering during the first fiscal quarter 2019. School security remains a vibrant area for growth and the Company continues to win new business in this vertical."
Raise Awareness
"We believe that the recent legislation passed by 26 different states in the US for funding school security, with the total sum being approximately $1 billion dollars, will be a positive for NAPCO's business. The Company has determined that repurchasing shares opportunistically will be an attractive use of our capital."
In conclusion Soloway stated "We are always looking at ways to create shareholder value and with our senior management holding approximately 38% of the shares, our interests are aligned with our shareholders. NAPCO has been attending conferences and visiting with investors during the year and has plans to continue its outreach program to raise awareness of the bright future we believe is ahead."


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Southwest Washington wineries are joining together to make your Memorial Day weekend even more memorable with a special Wine Passport. Step one: grab your free passport at any participating winery (there's a list below). Step two: visit six wineries (here's a map if you need it) over Memorial Day Weekend and get a stamp in your passport at each location. Leave the completely stamped passport at the last winery you visit. Step three: be entered to win one of 11 gift cards; winners will be randomly selected at the end of the weekend.
Most wineries will be open from noon to 6 p.m. Saturday, May 28, Sunday, May 29, and Memorial Day, Monday, May 30—but call or visit each winery to make sure. Some wineries will also offer special events, sales, small plates and live music on Friday night as well, so you can start your weekend off right. (In fact, you can drop by Burnt Bridge Cellars any time from 4 to 8 p.m. on Friday night to taste their outstanding blackberry-licious 2013 Les Collines Vineyard Syrah.) For more info, visit www.swwawine.com. Here are the participating wineries:
- Burnt Bridge Cellars: 1500 Broadway, Vancouver, 360-695-3363
- Cellar 55 Tasting Room: 1812 Washington St., Vancouver, 360-693-2700
- Confluence Vineyards & Winery: 19111 N.W. 67th Ave., Ridgefield, 360-887-2343
- Emanar Cellars: 1113 S.E. Rasmussen Blvd., Battle Ground, 360-513-2448
- English Estate Winery: 17806 S.E. 1st St., Vancouver, 360-772-5141
- Heisen House Vineyards: 28005 N.E. 172nd Ave., Battle Ground, 360-713-2359
- Koi Pond Cellars: 120 N. 3rd Ave., Ridgefield, 360-281-2716
- Moulton Falls Winery: 31101 N.E. Railroad Ave., Yacolt, 360-686-4070
- Olequa Cellars: 24218 NE 142nd Ave., Battle Ground, 360-666-8012
- Rezabek Vineyards: 11700 N.E. 279th St., Battle Ground, 360-896-0218
- Stavalaura Vineyard: 29503 NW 41st Ave., Ridgefield, 360-887-1476
Above image: two glasses of award-winning Koi Pond Cellars wine


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Ini adalah sebagian produk dari , Anda bisa download catalog untuk melihat produk kita secara lengkap… Langsung aja isi knowledge di bawah ini… And yet, while this industry is already sturdy by itself, the Sophie effect comes into play for modern Canadian outerwear as nicely. For versatility, boucle jackets and sweaters could be made from lightweight stuff like acrylic. In European countries, from the time of Christ to the eighteenth century, capes, cloaks, or mantles-the phrases are typically used interchangeably- have been the first outerwear garments for each sexes and for all ages and financial courses.
Though many men still wore cloaks, greatcoats had undoubtedly develop into the more stylish outerwear possibility by 1800. Whether or not it's a discounted T-shirt or a silk blouse, you possibly can wear a boucle cardigan with a T-shirt. It's essential to understand that boucle will not be restricted to clothes made for fall and winter.
For males, the gowns went out of style by the 1570s and for girls by the 1580s. One other space the place Penfield has now change into standard away from the outdoors and with Rock n Roll stars is with the Casual scene, the fashionable lads who dress up on a Saturday afternoon to go to the match.
Mia Melon is a girls's trend label that designs trendy weatherproof outerwear. As noted, capes-sleeveless garments hanging from the shoulders-date back to prehistory with numerous styles developing over time. In spite of its name, the redingote was not supposed for riding; it was an informal day costume that was additionally acceptable as outerwear for walking or touring.
Any such trend coat is known as with the material used. Some colors in some styles possibly cancelled or bought out. Furs got the statement-making remedy, with colour-blocked squares, playful intersecting traces, and daring windowpane grids. Within the Sixties, there was a fad for "fun furs"-cheap pelts, made up into a variety of fashionable jackets and coats.


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Flexible ducting, PVC/glass fabric ducting, external galvanised steel helix. +90ºC (Intermittent 110ºC)
Product Description
Welding Fume Extraction Hose – Description
We offer Fume Extraction Hose that is great for weld fume extraction in all industries!
To Learn About Welding Fumes, Cancer, Health & Safety: Read Our Welding Fume Extraction Post By Clicking Here!
• PVC coated glass fabric ducting
• Reinforced with external galvanised steel helix.
Welding Fume Extraction Hose Properties
• Highly flexible and compressible
• Outer helix protects against abrasion and scuffing
• Fire retardant to M1 standard.
• Weld fume extraction in all industries.
Dark Grey
Size Range
50mm to 900mm
Temp Range
-20ºC to +90ºC (intermittent to +110ºC)
• Special diameters
• Other lengths are available on request.
Download Data Sheet – Master Clip Spark Hose
Download Masterflex Chemical Resistance Data Sheet
Learn About Welding Fumes Being Classified As Carcinogenic
Product Features
|Temp Range
|-20 to 90 ºC
|Diameter Range
|50-900 mm
|Dark Grey


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Event details
- Sunday | January 19, 2020
- 2:00 pm
- 1480 SW 9th Ave, Ft Lauderdale FL 33315 inside Graham Fasana Chapel space on Sunshine Cathedral Campus *FIND 2 RED DOORS
- 954-614-0952
Sun JAN 19, 2pm to 6pm
Suitable for beginner and intermediate level.
Donation: $125 Limited Seating
DISCOUNT OFFER – Purchase BOTH Jan 17th Message Gallery (1 VIP seat) AND Jan 18/19 Workshop for $160 [$15 OFF Both] *DISCOUNT OFFER Available via Register Now Button:
Select BOTH EVENTS in the SAME ORDER to QUALIFY
DIVINE WISDOM: Messages of Love, Hope and Healing From The Masters
Can be pre-purchased using the event registration link (*SEE TOP OF PAGE on Registration Link's Events Grid Page). Pre-Purchased Book(s) will be available upon check in.
Donation: $20 (prepay during Registration)
*There will be NO BOOKS FOR SALE @ EVENTS.
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ABOUT LISA – Born in England, Lisa was discovered by Merv Griffin and introduced to audiences through two seasons of her hit show, Lisa Williams: Life Among the Dead, along with Voices from the Other Side and Lisa Williams Live. All of these shows are now airing around the world.Lisa is the author of Life Among the Dead and The Survival of the Soul and has appeared on Anderson Cooper, Oprah, Good Morning America, and The Today Show.
She is currently writing a new book on the topic of soul mates and soul connections.As well as performing in front of large live audiences worldwide, Lisa also offers workshops and courses in mediumship, developing psychic ability, intuition and meditation. In 2013 she launched the Lisa Williams International School of Spiritual Development (LWISSD) through which she delivers her classes with her own unique and very hands-on method of teaching. Through the school, Lisa offers access to her personally trained and certified mediums and psychics who are part of the LWISSD Directory. The first center for the school opened in Los Angeles in the summer of 2013 and the second is due to open in 2014.


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Puttermesser has promised to transform the City of New York into Paradise. She has promised to cast out the serpent. On Election Day, Malachy ("Matt") Mavett, the incumbent, is routed. Of the three remaining candidates, two make poor showings. Puttermesser is triumphant.
Puttermesser is now the Mayor of the City of New York!
Old ardors and itches wake in her. She recites to herself: Justice, justice shalt thou pursue. Malachy ("Matt") Mavett takes his wife and family to Florida, to be near Mrs. Minnie Mavett, his adoptive mother. He is no longer a lucky orphan. He gets a job as a racetrack official. It is a political job, but he is sad all the same. His wife bears his humiliation gracelessly. His children rapidly acquire accents that do not mark them as New Yorkers. Turtelman and Marmel vanish into rumor. They are said to be with the FBI in Alaska, with the CIA in Indonesia. They re said to have relocated at Albany. They are said to be minor factotums in the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, with offices in Sourgrass, Iowa. They are said to have mediocre positions in the Internal Revenue Service, where they will not be entitled to Social Security. They are said to have botched a suicide pact. No one knows what has become of Turtelman and Marmel. But Puttermesser is relieved; she herself, by means of a memo from City Hall, has dismissed them. Turtelman and Marmel are sacked! Let go! Fired!
Malachy ("Matt") Mavett, following protocol, telephones to congratulate Puttermesser on her victory. But he confesses to bafflement. Where has Puttermesser come from? An ordinary drone from the Bureau of Summary Sessions of the Department of Receipts and Disbursements! How can she, "an unknown," he asks, "a political nonentity," have won the public over so handily? Puttermesser reminds him that some months ago she wrote him a letter asking for justice, condemning patronage and spills. "You did not reply," she accused him in a voice hoarse from speechmaking. The ex-Mayor does not remember any letter.
Though Puttermesser is disconcerted by the move to Gracie Mansion (in her dreams her mother is once again rolling up winter rugs and putting down summer rugs in the wide sun-exiled apartment on the Grand Concourse), the golem immediately chooses the most lavish bedroom in the Mayor's residence for herself. It contains an antique dresser with gryphon feet and a fourposter arched by a lofty tester curtained in white velvet. Old brass bowls glint on the dresser-top. The golem fills one whole closet with fresh overalls. She wanders about studying the paintings and caressing the shining banister. She exhorts Puttermesser to rejoice that she no longer has her old suspicious landlord on East Seventy-first Street to worry about. Millions of citizens are her landlord now!
Puttermesser cannot pay attention to the golem's sprightliness. She is in a frenzy over the job of appointing commissioners and agency heads. She implores Xanthippe [the golem - ET] to keep away from City Hall--the campaign is over, she will only distract from business. The new Mayor intends to recruit the noble psyches and visionary hearts. She is searching for the antithesis of Turtelman and Marmel. For instance: she yearns after Wallace Stevens--insurance executive of probity during office hours, enraptured poet at dusk. How she would like to put Walt Whitman himself in charge of the Bureau of Summary Sessions, and have Shelley take over Water Resource Department--Shelley whose principle it is that poets are the legislators of mankind! William Blake in the Fire Department. George Eliot doing Social Services. Emily Brontë over at Police, Jane Austen in Bridges and Tunnels, Virginia Woolf and Edgar Allen Poe sharing Health. Herman Melville overseeing the Office of Single Room Occupancy Housing. "Integer vitae scelerisque purus,"* the golem writes on her notepad, showing off. "That's the ticket," Puttermesser agrees, "but what am I supposed to do, chase around town like Diogenes with a lantern looking for an honest man?" Xanthippe writes philosophically, "The politics of Paradise is no longer Paradise," Puttermesser retorts; "don't annoy me anyhow, I have to get somebody fast for Receipts and Disbursements. "You could promote Cracow," the golem writes. "I already have. I moved him over to Bronx Landfill and Pest Control. That's two levels up. He's got a good idea for winter, actually--wants to convert that garbage mountain out near the bay to a ski jump. And he's stopped asking me out. Thank God he's scared of dating the Mayor." "If you would seek commissioners of integrity and rosy cleverness," the golem writes, "fashion more of my kind." Fleetingly, Puttermesser considers this; she feels tempted. The highest echelons of City management staffed by multiple members of the genus golem! Herself the creator, down to the last molecule of ear-wax, of every commissioner, deputy, bureau chief, executive director! Every mayoral assistant, subordinate, underling, a golem! She looks over at Xanthippe. Twice already Xanthippe has quarreled with the Mansion's official cook. The cook has refused to follow the golem's recipes. "One is enough," Puttermesser says, and hurries down the subway and off to City Hall.
Despite its odious language reminiscent of Turtelman and Marmel, Puttermeser repeatedly consults the
She blames Xanthippe for such a preposterous text: only two days spent in the Bureau of Summary Sessions, and the golem has been infected by periphrasis, pleonasm, and ambagious tautology. But behind all that there glimmers a loveliness. To Puttermesser's speeding eye, it is like the spotted sudden flank of a deer disturbing a wood. There will be resuscitation! There will be redemption.
And it begins. Mayor Puttermesser sends the golem out into the City. At first she tends to hang out among the open-air stalls of Delancy Street, but Puttermesser upbraids her for parochialism; she instructs the golem to take subways and buses--no taxis--out to all the neighborhoods in all the boroughs. It goes without saying that a robust reformist administration requires a spy. The golem returns with aching tales of what she has seen among the sordid and the hopeless; sometimes she even submits a recommendation on a page of her notepad. Puttermesser does not mind. Nothing the golem reports is new to Mayor Puttermesser. What is new is the discovery of the power of office. Wrongdoing and bitterness can be overturned: it is only a matter of using the power Puttermesser owns.
Crowds of self-seeking importuners float up the steps of City Hall; Mayor Puttermesser shoos them away. She admits visionary hearts only. She takes signs up all around her desk: NO MORE SPOILS QUOTA. MERIT IS SWEETER THAN GOLD. WHAT YOU ARE, NOT WHOM YOU KNOW.
Lost wallets are daily being returned to their owners. Now it is really beginning--the money and credit cards are always intact. The golem ascends from the subway at Sixty-eighth and Lexington (this is the very corner where Puttermesser's alma mater, Hunter Heigh, used to stand), looking slightly larger than the day before, but also irradiated. The subways have been struck by beauty. Lustrous tunnels unfold, mile after mile. Gangs of youths have invaded the subway yards at night and have washed the cars clean. The wheels and windows have been scrubbed by combinations of chemicals; the long seats have been fitted with velour cushions of tan and blue. Each car shines like bullet. The tiles that line the stations are lakes of white; the passengers can cherish their own reflections in the walls. Every Thursday afternoon the youths who used to terrorize the subways put on fresh shirts and walk out into Central Park, reconnoitering after a green space; then they dance. They have formed themselves into dancing clubs, and crown one another's heads with clover pulled up from the sweet ground. Foliage is browning, Thursday afternoons grow cold and dusky. But the youths who used to terrorize the subways are whirling in rings over darkening lawns.
The streets are altered into garden rows: along the curbs, between sidewalk and road, privet hedges shake their little leaves. The open sanitation carts are bright, like a string of scarlet chariots. They re drawn by silent horses who sniff among the new hedges. Flutes and clarinets announce the coming of the cart procession every day at noon, and children scramble to pick up every nub of cigarette or scrap of peel or paper wrapper, pressing with fistfuls toward the singing flutes and gravely marching horses, whose pairs of high nostrils flare outward like trumpets.
The great cargo trucks still spill into the intersections, carrying bolts of cloth, oranges; fowl, refrigerators, lamps, pianos, cards of buttons, lettuces, boxes of cereal, jigsaw puzzles, baby carriages, pillowcases with peacocks imprinted on them; some deliver uptown, others downtown; they pant and rumble freely, unimpeded; buses and taxis overtake them effortlessly. Except for fire engines and ambulances, there are no other motored vehicles. Little girls dare, between buses, to jump rope in the middle of the street. Some roads, though, have been lushly planted, so that lovers seek them out to hide in one another's breast. The tall grasses and young maples of the planted roads are haunted by pretzel sellers, hot-chestnut peddlers, hawkers of books in wheelbarrows. The children are often indoors after school, carpeting bookshelves. The libraries are lit all night, and the schools are thronged in the evenings by administrative assistants from the great companies, learning Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Hebrew, Korean, and Japanese. There are many gardeners now, and a hundred urban gardening academies. There is unemployment among correction officers; numbers of them take gardening jobs. No one bothers to drag the steel shutters down over storefronts after closing. The Civil Service hums. Intellect and courtliness are in the ascendancy. Mayor Puttermesser has started the Department of Receipts and Disbursements with intelligent lawyers, both women and men, who honor due process. Turtelman and Marmel are replaced by visionary hearts. Never again will an accuser take the job of the accused, as Marmel did with Puttermesser! there is no more rapaciousness in the Bureau of Summary Sessions.
A little-known poet who specializes in terza rima is put in charge of Potter's Field. For each sad burial there, she composes a laudatory ode; even the obscure dead are not expendable or forlorn. The parks, their arbors and fields, are speckled with wide-mouthed terra-cotta urns; no one injures them. Far away in the Bronx, the grape-wreathed heads of wine gods are restored to the white stelae of the Soldier's Monument, and the bronze angel on top of the Monument's great stone needle glistens. Nothing is broken, nothing is despoiled. No harm comes to anything or anyone. The burnt out ruins of Brownsville and the South Bronx burst forth with spines of pines and thorny locusts. In their high secret pride, the slums undo themselves: stoops sparkle, new factories and stores buzz, children gaze down in gladness at shoes newly bought, still unscratched; the shoe stores give away balloons, and the balloons scape to the sky. Everywhere former louts and loiterers, muggers and thieves, addicts and cardsharps are doing the work of the world, absorbed, transformed. The biggest City agency is what used to be called Welfare; now it is the Department of Day Play, and delivers colored pencils and finger paints and tambourines to nurseries clamorous as bee-loud glades, where pianos shake the floors, and storytellers dangle toddlers in suspense from morning to late afternoon, when their parents fetch them home to supper. Everyone is at work. Lovers apply to the City Clerk for marriage licenses. The Bureau of Venereal Disease Control has closed down. The ex-pimps are learning computer skills.
Xanthippe's heels have begun to hang over the foot of her fourposter bed in Gracie Mansion. The golem is worn out. She lumbers from one end of the City to the other every day, getting ideas. Mayor Puttermesser is not disappointed that the golem's ideas are mainly unexciting. The City is at peace. It is in the nature of tranquility--it is in the nature of Paradise--to be pacific; tame, halcyon. Oh, there is more to relate of how Mayor Puttermeser, inspired by the golem, has resuscitated, reformed, reinvigorated and redeemed the City of New York! But this too must be left to dozing and skipping. It is essential to record only two reflections that especially engage Mayor Puttermesser. The first is that she notices how the City, tranquil, turns toward the conventional and the orderly. It is as if tradition continuity, propriety blossom of themselves: old courtesies, door-holding, hat-tipping, a thousand pleases and pardons and thank you. Something in the grain of Paradise is on the side of the expected. Sweet custom rules. The City in its redeemed state wishes to conserve itself. It is a rational daylight place; it has shut the portals of night.
Puttermesser's second reflection is about the golem. The coming of the golem animated the salvation of the City, yes--but who, Puttermeser sometimes wonders, is the true golem? Is it Xanthippe or is it Puttermesser? Puttermesser made Xanthippe; Xanthippe did not exist before Puttermesser made her: that is clear enough. But Xanthippe made Puttermesser Mayor, and Mayor Puttermesser too did not exist before. And that is just as clear. Puttermesser sees that she is the golem's golem.
In the newborn peaceable City, Xanthippe is restless. She is growing larger. Her growth is frightening. She can no longer fit into her overalls. She begins to sew together pairs of sheets for a toga.
On a late spring afternoon about halfway through her mayoral term, and immediately after a particularly depressing visit to the periodontist (she who had abolished crime in the subways was unable to stem gum disease in the hollow of her jaw), Puttermesser came home to Gracie Mansion to find Rappoport waiting in her private sitting room.
"Hey, you've got some pretty tough security around here. I had a hell of a time getting let in," Rappoport complained.
"Last time I saw you," Puttermesser said, "you had no trouble letting yourself out."
"How about we just consider that water under the bridge, Ruth, what do you say?"
"You walked out on me. In the middle of the night."
"You were liking Socrates better than me," Rappoport said.
"Then why are you back?"
"M God, Ruth, look who you've become! I can't pass through New York without seeing the Mayor, can I? Ruth," he said, spreading his impressive nostrils, "I've thought about you a lot since the election. We read all about you up in Toronto."
"You and Mrs. Rappoport?"
"oh come on, let's give it another try. Not that I don't understand you have to be like Caesar's wife. Above susp---"
"I have to be Caesar," Puttermesser broke in.
"Well, even Caesar gives things another try."
"You're no Cleopatra," Puttermesser said.
There was a distant howl; it was the cook. She was fighting with the golem again. In a moment Xanthippe stood in the doorway, huge and red, weeping.
"Leave that woman alone. She'll cook what she'll cook, you can't tell her anything different," Puttermesser scolded. "She runs a strictly kosher kitchen and that's enough. Go and wash your face."
"Plump," Rappoport said, staring after Xanthippe in her toga. "Rubenesque."
"A growing girl. She wears what she pleases."
"Who is she?"
"I adopted her."
"I like a big girl like that." Rappoport stood up. "The town looks terrific. I came to congratulate you, Ruth."
"Is that why you came?"
"It turns out. Only I figured if you could bring a whole city back to life---"
"There are some things, Morris, that even the Mayor can't revive."
Rappoport, his briefcase under his arm, wheeled and hesitated. "It didn't make it through the move? My avocado tree that I grew from a pit in Toronto? It was doing fine in your old apartment."
"I don't have it any more."
"Aha, you wanted to dispose of me lock, stock, and barrel. You got rid of every symptom and sign. The least bit of green leaf--"
"All my plants are gone."
"No kidding. What happened?"
"I took their earth and made a golem."
Rappoport, flaunting his perfect teeth under his mustache, laughed out loud. In the middle of his laughter his head suddenly fell into the kind of leaning charm Puttermesser recalled from long ago, when they had first become lovers; it almost made her relent.
"Goodbye, Ruth. I really do congratulate you on civic improvement." Rappoport held out his hand. "It's one terrific town, I mean it. Utopia. Garden of Eden. In Toronto they run articles on you every day."
"You can stay for dinner if you like," Puttermesser offered. "Though I've got a meeting right after--municipal bonds. Myself, it's eat and get on down to City Hall."
Someone had seized Rappoport's outstretched hand and was shaking it; it was not Puttermesser. Xanthippe, practiced politician, her wide cheeks refreshed and soap-fragrant, had sped forward out of nowhere. Rappoport looked stunned; he looked interested. He slipped his fingers out of the golem's grasp and moved them upward against her chest, to catch hold of the card that twirled there: DEAF-MUTE.
That's awfully generous of you, Ruth, adopting someone like that. You're a wonderful person. we really ought to get together again. I will stay for a bite, if you don't mind."
The golem did not bring her ballpoint to the table. She dealt with her stop spoon as if it were her enemy, the cook. Disgruntled, she heaped a fourth helping of mashed potatoes onto her plate. but here was on Rappoport, and her mouth was round with responsiveness: was it his teeth? was it his reddish mustache, turning gray? was it his wide welcoming nostrils? was it his briefcase bulging with worldly troubles?
Rappoport was talkative. His posture was straight-backed and heroic: he told of his last clandestine trip to Moscow, and of the turmoil of the oppressed.
When Puttermesser returned at midnight from the meeting on municipal bonds, the golem was asleep in her fourposter bed, her heels thrust outward in their pink socks over the footboard, and Rappoport was snoring beside her.
Eros had entered Gracie Mansion.
Cynthia Ozick - The Puttermesser Papers
*The upright life and free of sin
Thursday, August 17, 2017
ET: Almanac
Posted by Evan Tucker at 10:45 PM
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European Women in Technology 2018
December 4, 2018
This year, I decided to blow my entire training budget on one event: European Women in Technology in Amsterdam. My colleague Paula Aaltonen agreed to come along, which made the trip extra enjoyable.
There were approximately 2000 participants and 150 speakers at this two-day event. Topics ranged from career and personal development to very specialized, hands-on technology master classes. Most of the time, there were 9-10 simultaneous presentations. While I tried to sample everything, my main disappointment was that I probably heard less than 10% of the content that was presented.
I especially enjoyed the emerging tech topics on virtualization and serverless technology, blockchain-based cyber security solutions and AI-enhanced static analysis tools, that not only find software bugs but also identify design errors. I don't get to geek out like this in my daily work.
It's not possible to even start discussing what we learned in the space of this blog. However, these are some of the quotes that I wrote down:
However, why was there a special technology event for women? Shouldn't everyone just focus on their jobs, whatever their gender? I don't have a definite answer, but my impression is that tech work environments can be alienating to women. I have never been very impressed by typical tech perks, like pinball games at the office. While I've been treated fairly and appropriately the vast majority of time, I have often wished that my (past) employers enforced stricter standards on workplace harassment. A tech event with a focus on women sends a strong message that employers are listening to female professionals and are willing to provide working environments, where women can focus – funnily enough – on their jobs.
Based on the quality, diversity and the sheer number of exceptional presenters and participants at this event, the technology industry is thriving in Europe. The predicted skill shortages are a positive challenge to be overcome. In fact, this can be an extraordinary time as a woman (or, in fact, as a human) to build a career in tech. I plan to enjoy the journey, support younger people interested in tech and not peak before 50.
What do you think? How will you create growth through diversity – until it becomes the norm?


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The second I saw Fan Bingbing on the red carpet at 'The Beguiled' Cannes Film Festival premiere this evening, I said to myself, there is going to be several comparisons made to a certain Oscar-winner.
No. This isn't anything new, but I was swept away by the dramatic floor-length silhouette of this Valentino Spring 2017 Couture gown which is matched a bold red hue and stunning De Deers jewels.
Love it or not, this was one look that promises to turn heads.
Credit: Vogue.com & Getty


text: LPK 0 Report post Posted January 26, 2015 Hi all, I see it says about the filtering/smoothing/averaging on input channels that there are options that give you no averging, 3-reading, 5-reading or 7-reading averages on input channels, but I was just trying to work out over what kind of timespan this would occur? Do the channels get sampled once every ladder cycle, so the moving average timespan might be (up to) 7 ladder cycles in duration, or would the ladder rungs all be executed and then the inputs sampled (up to) 7 times in succession, making the time span only one ladder cycle? Or do the input channels get sampled on some other kind of demand system? Thank you in advance for clearing this up! Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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7 Toxic Things In Your Life That Are Causing Anxiety
Like any aspect of our health, anxiety doesn't look the same for everyone. In fact, there are plenty of things that might not look like anxiety but actually are symptoms for some people. Problems like insomnia, muscle tension, and chronic indigestion can all be symptoms of anxiety disorders. Because they are also related to many other mental and physical health conditions, these symptoms are often ignored, written off as temporary, or not thought of as related to anxiety at all.
In addition to acknowledging these less obvious effects, it's important to look at what could be causing anxiety as a whole. These causes of anxiety, like its effects, vary from person to person. Mayo Clinic lists heart disease, diabetes, and thyroid problems all as potential causes of anxiety. However, these causes aren't exclusively physical. Stress, trauma, and certain personality types each make certain people more at risk for developing anxiety.
Anxiety disorders are classified as mental health conditions. Because our body and mind work in tandem, anxiety can be caused by both physical and psychological things. In turn, when certain aspects of our life are becoming toxic, it takes a toll on our overall well-being, mental health included.
Feelings of anxiousness are a normal part of being human. Because of that, it can be hard to decipher when those feelings are becoming unhealthy. As Mayo Clinic states, "people with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations." However, when those feelings of anxiety seem to be linked to specific parts of our life, it might be a sign to take a step back and examine these potentially toxic problems. Here are seven toxic things in your life that could be causing anxiety.
1. Toxic Relationships
Being constantly worried about your relationship with your significant other or overanalyzing your relationship as a whole are two signs your relationship is making your anxiety worse. In general, feeling like you're fixated on problems with your partner in an obsessive or otherwise unhealthy way points to the relationship being problematic as a whole. Identifying ways your relationships might be toxic can be difficult in itself. However, if you feel like it's heightening those feelings of anxiety, it could be a sign that the relationship isn't right for you.
2. Toxic Friendships
Figuring out how to let go of a toxic friendship can be difficult. Being able to identify when a friendship is getting toxic can be troubling in the first place. As Diana Peters, MA, said to Bustle in a previous interview, feeling like you always have to say "yes" to someone is just one sign that the friendship is toxic. "You may have a problem saying NO to this faux-friend," Peters says, "which leads to anxiety, stress and even fear when it comes to setting limits."
3. Unhealthy Work Environments
Your boss, coworkers, or pressing deadlines can all cause anxiety in the workplace. Feeling a little bit anxious about doing a good job can be healthy motivation for some, and it's certainly possible to manage anxiety at work. However, acknowledging when those workplace stressors are taking a significant toll on your wellbeing is important. Furthermore, being able to acknowledge what isn't "healthy motivation" and are signs of a toxic work environment is equally important.
4. Negative Self-Talk
If you're someone prone to spiraling or obsessive thoughts, your mind might be working against you more than you realize. Worrying about other people judging you or constantly comparing yourself to other can both be thoughts that are worsening your anxiety. Multiple studies have shown that the way we talk to ourselves affects our health, specifically in the way of positive self-talk. The same is true when we think about ourselves negatively.
5. Drug Abuse
According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, "Most people with alcohol or substance use and anxiety disorders experience them independently, but having both can be a vicious cycle." Stimulants, like cocaine, can cause symptoms of anxiety to become worse. Feeling of anxiousness can also be a side effect of drugs like cocaine.
6. Heavy Drinking
Like other substance abuse, using alcohol to "take the edge off" could actually be making your anxiety worse. "Someone may trick themselves into thinking a few drinks every day is a normal way to relax," psychologist Dorian Crawford has previously told Bustle, "But it actually is a way to reduce anxious symptoms in a not-so-healthy way." In fact, some studies suggest that heavy drinking can make anxiety disorders worse.
7. Trying To Suppress Your Anxiety
Attempting to push down feelings of anxiousness isn't helping your anxiety. In fact, it could be making them worse. Trying to diminish a problem instead of addressing it head on isn't helpful in the long run. Self-acceptance is a critical part of dealing with anxiety. Reminding yourself of that is a crucial step to managing anxiety as a whole.


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VCE Prep Session - How to Rock the VCE
Loads of benefits to attend the In-TAC VCE, do you want to learn more and make the most of it?
When it comes to the opportunity to directly communicate with employers, how to take it?
50+employers, 1500+positions, how to get prepared and how to stand out?
In-TAC knows the drill, and would love to help you get prepared to take advantage of this VCE and expand your network in Canada! Our Employment Counsellors will walk you through the process of VCE and provide you with practical tips including interviews, networking, communications and more.
There will be a 30-minutes Q&A session, and your questions will be answered right away!
Event Properties
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|2019-04-03 9:00 pm
|Event End Date
|2019-04-03 10:00 pm
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|2019-04-03 9:00 pm


text: pineal gland 30 Mar 2012 by Markus No comments About Markus Markus is a Holistic Life & Consciousness Coach, Spiritual teacher, Healer, Professional Speaker & guide helping to reveal the unlimited potential of your True Self. He offers private sessions, online coaching, and facilitates retreats, events and classes all over the globe. Through his Holistic (Mind, Body, Spirit) approach of "Practical Spirituality" he explores, inspires and empowers your personal journey into the ever-evolving relationship with The Universe of You. Leave a Comment Click here to cancel reply Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Submit Comment


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The BF6030 is a UL Certified RSC product that is able to handle 120 minutes of a 1200 degree fire! With 3/8" solid steel plate door, and a completely USA MADE construction, this safe is hard to beat. With the added lifetime warranty against theft and fire and the option to add high gloss paint this is the safe for you.
Fire Protection
Color Options:American Security's BF series can be manufactured in 13 different color options, ranging from a standard Satin Black, to the brightly colored Rossa Corsa Red! Click through the "Select Color" dropdown menu above to see each color on the safe.Lock Options:The BF Series is available with multiple lock options, including the electronic locks, mechanical lock, and the RotoboltRedundant Lock.Premium Upgrade Package:The Premium package upgrade is an option to get you started on your safe! This comes with a dehumidifier rod, a velvet-lined jewelry drawer, an installed LED light kit, and a 3-socket power strip with a USB port.
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the drawer sets stack awkwardly in the middle of the safe but they still work. none of the other shelves will fit in the safe with them in there. but it is a great (and heavy) safe.
Price: $37.00
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The global floor coatings market is anticipated to witness a highly fragmented competitive scenario, owing to large number of players operating in the market. Some of the major players in the market are Royal DSM, Nippon Paint Co., BASF SE, DAW SE, and Behr Process Corp. These firms are indulging extensively into long-term trade contracts with its end users, especially in construction application, so as to get a firm foothold in the market and increase their global reach. The leading firms are estimated to increase their investment in terms of capital, stressing more on research and development activities, along with improved product quality to fulfil the consumer requirements.
According to a recent report by Transparency Market Research (TMR), the global floor coatings market is prognosticated to expand at a steady CAGR of 6.80% within the forecast period from 2014 to 2020. The market was evaluated to be a worth of US$0.7 bn in year 2013, and is likely to reach around US$1.1 bn by the end of 2020.
On the basis of application, the concrete floor coatings is used extensively in outdoor and indoor infrastructural settings. However, the indoor segment is estimated to experience a comparatively higher demand, owing to the propelled use of floor coatings in commercial construction and industrial sectors, in forthcoming years. Geographically, Asia Pacific region is leading the global concrete floor coatings market in coming years, due to increase in number of well-settled manufacturers in the region, and setting up of production plants as well.
Rise in Industrialization to Fuel Market Growth
The increase in sales of concrete floor coatings is supported mainly by notable growth in development activities, activated broadly because of high industrialization and the increasing urbanization over the world. The increasing awareness about the safety given by concrete floor coatings from thermal shocks and chemical attacks to floors is as well fueling this market globally. As manufacturers and customers are being aware about the few advantages of concrete floor coatings, it is normal that the market will become considerably accomplished in the following couple of years. The high development plan of the buildings and construction sector in developed and developing regions, is anticipated to trigger the development of the global concrete floor coatings market.
Fluctuation raw Material Cost to Hinder market Growth
While the global market for concrete floor coatings represents a noteworthy future, the unstable costs of raw materials may make deterrents in the development scope of this market within the forecast period. Nevertheless, the growing demand for concrete floor coatings in industrial segments and commercial buildings in developing economies is anticipated to reduce the effect of the hindering factor in coming years. The expanding capability of the constructions and buildings in growing regions is additionally anticipated to push this market over the forthcoming years.
This analysis is based on a recent market research report by Transparency Market Research, titled, "Concrete Floor Coatings Market (Product Type - Epoxy, Polyaspartics, Acrylic, and Polyurethane; Application Type - Outdoor and Indoor) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2014 – 2020."
Key Takeaways:
- The increase in sales of concrete floor coatings is supported mainly by notable growth in development activities, activated broadly because of high industrialization and the increasing urbanization.
- The high development plan of the buildings and construction sector in developed and developing regions, is anticipated to trigger the development of the global concrete floor coatings market.
The global concrete floor coatings market is segmented in the following ways:
By Product
- Epoxy
- Polyaspartics
- Others (including acrylic, polyurethane, etc.)
By Application
- Outdoor
- Indoor
By Region
- North America
- Europe
- Germany
- France
- Asia Pacific
- China
- Japan
- India
- Rest of the World (RoW)
About Us
Transparency Market Research is a next-generation market intelligence provider, offering fact-based solutions to business leaders, consultants, and strategy professionals.
Our reports are single-point solutions for businesses to grow, evolve, and mature. Our real-time data collection methods along with ability to track more than one million high growth niche products are aligned with your aims. The detailed and proprietary statistical models used by our analysts offer insights for making right decision in the shortest span of time. For organizations that require specific but comprehensive information we offer customized solutions through adhoc reports. These requests are delivered with the perfect combination of right sense of fact-oriented problem solving methodologies and leveraging existing data repositories.
TMR believes that unison of solutions for clients-specific problems with right methodology of research is the key to help enterprises reach right decision.
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Difference between revisions of "Electronics notes/Diodes"
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There are also variants that separate the driver chip and the LED (and usually control a handful of LEDs each), but work and control much the same.
There are also variants that separate the driver chip and the LED (and usually control a handful of LEDs each), but work and control much the same.
Sometimes called neopixels (this seems to be an adafruit name)
Sometimes called neopixels (this seems to be an adafruit name)
Revision as of 17:51, 1 April 2020
- 1 Basics
- 2 Types and materials
- 3 Applications
- 4 LEDs
- 5 Thyristors
- 6 See also
- 7 Unsorted
Types and materials
Silicon diode
Common, cheap.
Forward voltage drop of about 0.7V.
Germanium diode
Forward voltage drop of about 0.3V.
Zener diode (type/behaviour)
|This article/section is a stub — probably a pile of half-sorted notes, is not well-checked so may have incorrect bits. (Feel free to ignore, fix, or tell me)
Reverse breakdown refers to diodes/transistors conducting in reverse, which happens at a specific breakdown voltage (the potential that overcomes the p-n junction tendencies).
(This happens when the carriers in the transition region are affected by the electric field enough to create mobile or free electron-hole pairs via collisions with bound electrons, which leads to a very short, relatively large current spike)
All diodes have a zener voltage, and what's called a reverse breakdown region right above it where that reverse flow will happen.
On regular diodes that's far enough away (usually dozens of volts of reverse voltage) to never happen in the circuit it's specced for.
Even when you want to use it, on regular diodes the region is narrow and hard to use, varies with production(verify), and will usually damage it.
A Zener diode, in forward bias, acts like a completely regular diode, with similar voltage drop (usually roughly 0.6V .. 0.7V drop, sometimes lower(verify))
They are more interesting in reverse: Their zener voltage is engineered to be at a lower level, one more practical to typical low-voltage electronics (often between 2.4V and 7V, apparently up to 33V), a wider reverse breakdown region, better-characterized in that region, and more robust within in it. (Lower-than-2.4V Zeners are actually imitations of Zener behaviour and their behaviour is a little different from real Zeners(verify))
The well defined behaviour make this region/behaviour exploitable in its own right, e.g.
- voltage clamping protection (and other purposes where they effectively act as a sort of relief valve)
- e.g. say you have a 5V-powered device, and added a 5.1V zener. A transient spike in the input will be suppressed to a good amount (and because it's transient will not cause temperature issues in the zemer)
- simple, shunt-style regulation
- (TODO: simple zener regulation image)
- not efficient, not the mort stable, so for more than a little current you want other regulation
- fixed voltage references
- clipping signals
- e.g. one for DC, two for an AC waveform
- e.g.
- in audio for distortion (see fuzz boxes)
- avoiding op amp phase inversion
The current and heat dissipation varies between zeners, often range of milliwatts for voltage reference, a few hundred milliwatts for simple regulation, up to a Watt or so.
Since you rarely want to move a lot of current in reverse bias, circuits will often see some sort of current limitation (a resistor or such).
See also:
Avalance breakdown (behaviour) / avalanche diode (spec/type)
Avalance diodes usually refer to diodes that are made to imitate Zener behaviour, yet will work for higher voltages (100 ~ 300V) than true Zeners can.
Avalance diodes may be found categorized as (or referred to) as Zener diodes.
See also:
Schottky diode (type)
|This article/section is a stub — probably a pile of half-sorted notes, is not well-checked so may have incorrect bits. (Feel free to ignore, fix, or tell me)
Forward voltage drop on the order of 0.15V .. 0.45V rather than the more typical 0.6V .. 0.7V.
Also switches faster than some.
Nice when you want to avoid wasting power when protecting something capable of a bunch of current, or want to avoid a voltage drop that is significant to your application, or for faster switching.
It also has some uses filtering higher frequency.
They have limited reverse voltage ratings (reverse saturation happens more quickly), so are not as useful for certain protection, and have more reverse leakage current.
See also:
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky_diode
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky_diode#Applications
Current regulating diode (type)
Signal diode, switching diode (spec)
Bypass diode / flyback protection diode (application)
A bypass diode is a diode used to protect something against reverse biasing - against voltage going the wrong way.
Also known as flyback diode, kickback diode, catch diode, snubber diode, freewheeling diode, suppressor diode, commutating diode, antiparallel diode, and more. (Some names refer more specifically to more transient reverse biasing, or the causes behind that)
- inductors in general can store energy (in an magnetic field)
- some because sudden changes (e.g. solenoid disconnecting)
- and larger things that move (solenoids, motors) a little more so (movement that translates back to magnetic field)
- They can often easily deliver a few times the voltage they usually operate at (varying with case). This can seriously stress the circuit components directly around it, depending on design.
- The use of a diode in parallel, reverse-biased to how you drive it, is one easy way to bleed this short-lived current
- yes, you're essentially making a one-way short-circuit, which is why it also affects the braking behaviour of coil-style actuators: the collapse of the magnetic field is usually slowed(verify)
- on the spike shape:
- https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/110574/how-to-choose-a-flyback-diode-for-a-relay
- In a series of solar cells, shading one cell among multiple leads that one cell it to be reverse biased relative to the others, meaning that panel gets fed current from the others, which would heat it and may eventually damage it.
- A bypass diode in parallel with each cel llets the current-in-the-wrong-direction pass alongside the cell instead.
- If the load is bidirectional (e.g. bidirectional motor driver) then the flyback can happen in either direction, and you can't protect it in the way described above
- For example, in the case of a H-bridge driver, you need four diodes for protection in both directions
- Protection diodes should be able to take a decent load - may well be a few amps for a short while (depends a lot on the load)
- bog-standard diode like 1N4001-1N4001 series can be used - for lower frequencies
- for higher frequencies you need to look around more, probably for schottky diodes
- Protection diodes should have a voltage rating of at least the voltage you are applying
- whenever significant energy can get stored (e.g. in case of coils), leeway is a good idea
- Protection diodes should be robust to reverse biasing (themselves)
- You may have preference for a fast-acting diode (e.g. Schottky) to minimize the time the reverse bias is applied (though note they have lower reverse-bias ratings)
- Sometimes you may also care about low voltage drop (which can matter e.g. in solar and battery applications, minimizing loss).
- If reaction time is not so important (or low cost is considered more important), cheaper general-purpose diodes such as the 1N400x series can be used.
See also:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyback_diode
- http://pvcdrom.pveducation.org/MODULE/Bypass.htm
- snubbers
Blocking diode (application)
Clamp diode (application)
Clamper circuit
Rectifier bridge (simple design)
LEDs convert a higher percentage of energy going through them to light than, say, classic lightbulbs (where a lot of the energy becomes heat, i.e. IR radiation).
That sounds awesomely efficient, though there's a footnote to that: getting from AC mains voltage to few-volt DC voltage. That conversion is not very efficient to do, particularly not for the quite-low currents involved when each just powers a few LEDs.
LEDs do act as diodes ('Light Emitting Diodes', after all), in that they conduct/work only in one direction. Their ratings as diodes is pretty poor, though. They are slower, and their reverse breakdown is close, so in many situations you'ld want to add a serious diode.
LED of different types usually need something like 2V or 3V forward voltage before they start emitting light. (The extremes, including some less usual types, seem to be 1.6V and approx. 4.4V)(verify).
LEDs have an I-V curve that is not only nonlinear, but also very steep exactly near the point you want the operate them at, particularly if you want to drive them at decent brightness but also have them live long.
- they have a threshold below which they do nothing
- a fairly flat bit of still low current (and they will be relatively dim here)
- quick-and-dirty uses operate them here, e.g. by using a somewhat large resistor.
- and then shoots up, from little current to too much, over a volt or two
The exact curve varies with
- LED type (that search shows different curves for the different classic LED colors),
- environment temperature - itself largely determined by the current currently going through it
- production line variation
Indicator LEDs tend to be specced for a continuous current of ~10mA. Superbright for perhaps ~20mA, and low-current LEDs perhaps 2mA.
Keep in mind that these are continuous-use maximums. Both in that most LEDs already give off some light at 1mA. (And also that you can often pulse higher currents on a low duty cycle. Check spec sheets)
All that makes it very hard to create a universal LED driver that is entirely plug and play.
This is roughly why the current-limiting resistor approach is such a typical approach, because it which works fine on things like indicator LEDs where we care more about lifetime and basic visibility than maximum brightness or maximum efficiency.
When driving powerful LEDs, though, we do care (also because of waste heat), and will generally use a current-limiting LED driver, for which there are now plenty of ICs, and supplies centered around them.
LED response time
Current limiting resistor
Short version:
A LED draws current but not because it has resistance, so something with only a LED will not limit current at all.
Adding a resistor in series will be the most limiting current.
For most LED and typical PCB voltages this works out on the order of 100 ohm to 1kOhm.
The upside is that it' very simple to do.
The main downside is that since it will pass the same current as the LED, it will also use similar power (particularly when used for just one LED), putting it into heat instead of light.
...that said, if you have a few indicator LEDs drawing a few dozen mA total, then it's often not worth it energy-wise or component-wise to drive them more efficiently. Yet when producing a lot of light, there are certainly better ways.
Being a diode, the LED drops a fixed voltage, its Vf.
...but does not limit current so in current terms it might as well not be there. Your calculations aim to have just the resistor drop drops enough of the (leftover) voltage that the current through it and something in series with it is at/below some target current.
...in this case the specific LED's rated maximum continuous current - or rather something a bit below it with a slightly higher-valued resistor.
Often your givens are the supply voltage, the LED's voltage drop Vf, and the LED's maximum continuous current rating you want to stay under.
You'll usually use:
Vin - VLED R = ----------- ILED
Chances are you'll grab the next-highest standard-valued resistor. If you want to know the current for it, the following reformulation is useful:
ILED = (Vin - VLED) / R
For example, to drive a ~2.2V red LED, aiming to stay under 20mA, and using standard-value (e.g. cheap carbon 5%) resistors, you might choose:
- on 3.3V: 100Ω for 11mA, maybe 220Ω for 5mA
- on 5V: 220Ω for 12mA, maybe 330Ω for 8mA or 150Ω for 19mA,
- on 9V: 470Ω for 14mA
- on 12V: 560Ω for 17mA, or 1kΩ for 10mA, or maybe 470Ω for 21mA.
Side note: A LED's max-current rating is for a good part limited by the ability to sink the generated heat, and assumes continuous current. When you're only ever pulsing the LED with a lowish duty cycle, you can get away with higher currents. For example, TV remote IR leds can do this because their pulsed protocols are implicitly low-duty-cycle. And you might do it for visible LEDs because when using something like PWM, for part of the curve current drops off faster than the human-apparent intensity.
LED drivers
At some point (often above a few hundred mA, for something that is on a lot), it becomes worth it energy-wise to invest in components to drive the LED more efficiently.
Since this often means a cleverer, more controlled circuit, it usually also means we can more safely aim for a current that is nearer its maximum brightness, just because there is less risk of burning it.
There are two basic approaches:
Constant-current LED driver
Constant-voltage LED driver
Multiple LEDs
Common cathode versus common anode
Series versus parallel
LEDs can be dimmed, in two basic ways:
- Control the current
- The amount of light isn't linear, but when humans adjust a knob, they tend to be practical about it, and if digital you can compensate.
- The simple analog circuit requires little more than a transistor (being a current amplifier) and a voltage divider with a potmeter to control it, plus some fine tuning for the transistor's gain
- ...plus some thought on how to never drive it with too much current
- Blink it very fast, typically using PWM, or possibly a relatively analog oscillating circuit.
- Once the cycle in which it blinks is 100Hz or faster, we humans only really perceive the average amount of light that comes out. When you have a microcontroller this tends to be moderately easy. There are some cheaper ICs that can do much the same.
- note that the current drops off faster than the intensity apparent to humans, meaning you can save a little power
- ...and/or get a little more lifetime out of a LED, as it's heat (more than anything else) that destroys LEDs
It also means that on lower duty cycles you can drive them a slightly higher currents than you would use for continuous driving. But since LEDs typically heat up faster than they cool down, this is not "half the duty cycle means twice the power" stuff. Datasheets may spec some of these details, and there are some rules of thumb you can follow if they don't.
Also, it's not really worth it to do this for apparent brightness, because you need to lower the duty cycle.
Still, it's useful for things like an infrared TV remotes. Because the protocols used are quite low duty cycle (typically simple bit-trains, where highs are themselves a 38kHz blockwave rather than continuous, and with relatively large intervals between repeated commands, so in this use are guaranteed to have a pretty low duty cycle), you may be able to drive them at a few times their rated continuous current, which means they carry further.
LED designed made for room lighting are designed to deal with hundreds of mA or more. Often because they're a large area or LEDS side by side (and often in part in series, allowing (or forcing) us to use higher voltages).
See also
- Colors and voltages: http://www.oksolar.com/led/led_color_chart.htm
Silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCR)
See also
- Light sensing (for photodiodes, phototransistors)
LED pixel strings
|This article/section is a stub — probably a pile of half-sorted notes, is not well-checked so may have incorrect bits. (Feel free to ignore, fix, or tell me)
Each is a LED with built in driver chip (often 3 channels, RGB, 18mA-per-channel), in something like a 5050 package.
There are also variants that separate the driver chip and the LED (and usually control a handful of LEDs each), but work and control much the same.
Sometimes called neopixels (this seems to be an adafruit name[1])
They are not individally controlled as such - there is no addressing. Instead, each chips holds one color, and when it gets a new one it commmunicates the old one on its own output.
As such, changing one pixel in a string actually amounts to remembering what you put on there, altering what you want to change, and shifting out the entire string again.
...but you can update the entire chain fast enough to not notice it's actually shifting.
(If you want to think big, say, make a hundreds-of-pixels display, you'll run into bandwidth and latency details, and you'll probably want multiple controllers. Updating requires little more than the capability to receive data and speak SPI or something similar, so you can probably use some of the cheapest microcontrollers you can find (but note minimum rate on some, e.g. the WS*) while still keeping update latency lower than your eyes can notice.)
Note that a bunch have strict timing, in which case the speed of replacing the entire string is fixed (the one thing you could do faster is walking pixels through it).
For an idea of speed, the WS2812, at 800kHz, means 1.25µs per bit, *3colors*8bits = 30µs per pixel, so e.g. 100 pixels takes ~3ms. (This is roughly the amount of pixels you can update with it still looking pretty smooth to us - so more than that will have to be done in separate strings)
There are perhaps a dozen variations of the ICs in relatively common use.
Most of them (noted if it differs)
- Have 256 levels(verify) (8-bit) per channel (some try to gamma-correct, which does rather matter to color mixing)
- control 3 channels (for R,G,B) (sometimes 4, then typically RGBW)
- specced to draw ~18mA per fully bright color
- so around ~50mA max per single pixel (so e.g. 50 pixels take up to ~2.5A).
- Colors that look like non-white will take something more like 20-30mA. (So 50 pixels actually often take 1A to 1.7A)
- note that there are variants -- which may be labeled exactly the same -- that draw maybe 60% of that.
- You can often use a lower voltage
- but they'll be dimmer
- at some point no longer show the right color (because the different colors have different minimum voltages)
- and below that fail to light at all.
- 3.3V-level logic won't work with things expecting 5V CMOS logic, but there are several tricks available (see below)
Somewhat common ICs include:
- WS2801 - SOP-14 or DIP-14 (separate driver; controls a few LEDs)
- shift up to 25MHz (verify)
- chains with 4 wires (Vcc, Gnd, Data, Clock)
- More-channel-per-chip variants include WS2803 (SOP-28, DIP-28) for 18 channels (up to 6 RGB LEDs)
- WS2801 datasheet
- WS2811 - PLCC6 (integrated in LED), or separate DIP-8 or SOP-8 chip
- Vcc is ~6V, VLED up to 12V(verify)
- chains with 3 wires (Vcc, Gnd, Data) - uses specific timing instead of a clock (...but this puts more constraints on the controller)
- WS2811 datasheet
- WS2812, WS2812B - PLCC6 (integrated in LED)
- slight improvement over WS2811 based LEDs, identical to control (verify)
- chains with 3 wires (Vcc, Gnd, Data) - uses specific timing instead of a clock (...but this puts more constraints on the controller)
- WS2812 datasheet
- LPD6803 - SOP-16 / QFN-16 (separate driver)
- shift up to 15MHz (verify)
- LDP6803 datasheet
- chains with 4 wires (Vcc, Gnd, Data, Clock)
- variants include LPD8806, LPD8809
- LPD8803 - SOP-16, others?(verify) (separate driver)
- Vcc is 2.7-5.5V, VLED is 3..12V
- shift up to 20MHz (verify)
- chains with 4 wires (Vcc, Gnd, Data, Clock)
- variants include LPD8806, LPD8809
- HL1606 - SOP-16, others? (separate driver)
- SPI - needs 4 data wires (2 more than most of the others), 6 in total
- Some sources note it doesn't do PWM, others say it does. I've not looked up what's going on there
I've also seen mention of:
- More-channel variants of LDPs, e.g. LDP6806 and LDP8806 (6-channel), apparently LDP8809, and probably more.
- It seems the LPD6803 and WS2801 are decent tradeoffs between speed and price. There's faster, and there's cheaper, but for many purposes these are nice.
- WS28*'s 2-wire communcation (in comparison to LDP*, which are more SPI-like) means more restrictions on the timing of communication (you may need a fastish uC for reliable control), and a little less bandwidth. The distance possible between pixels seems higher, and it seems to work out cheaper.
- most LDP variants are identical to control, most WS variants are similar to control
- On voltage:
- Some chips can work with and put out at most ~5V (and may start working around 3 point something V).
- Some will fry if you give them more than ~6V
- Some can drive up to 12V and are fine with 5-12V.
3.3V tricks
Most of these LEDs are 5V CMOS devices, meaning they are HIGH above 70%*Vcc = ~3.5V, and just won't work when controlled from 5V.
See Level shifting for your basic options.
- I'd go for the two-diode level shifter, since this is just one line
- (note that since ws2812 communicate at 800Kbps, not all optoisolators are fast enough)
There's also a trick that runs one pixel at a lower Vcc (4.3V, via one diode) so that its input is high above >3V, and it outputs 4.3V logic (its Vcc) which is fine for the rest.
The one pixel will be a little less bright, so you either don't use it, or maybe use it for something separate like an indicator.


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I constantly meet students eager to learn English in a few weeks. They are teenagers or adults, and all feel frustrated because perhaps they will never learn English well.
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