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Highly motivated, approachable and a strong customer service focus with an excellent track record
About Nicola Fisher
I am a highly motivated, approachable person with a strong customer service focus who thrives off being able to facilitate great results for my clients. With over 10 years experience running my own business, I understand the true essence of listening and understanding my clients needs and building a trustworthy, transparent relationship to ensure the best outcome for all involved.
I am an excellent negotiator and strong communicator, and honesty, reliability and family are a core part of my make up. I pride myself on building an excellent rapport with people and providing knowledgeable advice that assists my clients in making the best decision.
I am absolutely passionate about the Kapiti Coast and have lived and worked here for 9 years. I love the lifestyle the region offers my family and I, and believe the Kapiti Coast has an outstanding combination of world-class beaches, of vibrant communities, and good Kiwi cafes. It truly is a magical place!
My children attend local schools in Raumati and play sports at local clubs, and I am strongly focussed on giving back to my community and supporting local businesses – that is something I feel passionately about. I am personally involved in Raumati School and support Raumati South Kindy. As part of the Bayleys Team I have supported Kapiti Youth Services and Make-A-Wish Foundation.
With support from a stellar team at Bayleys, I am c
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Olde London Road English Pub
Olde London Road English Pu is a new pub downtown that most closely resembles a traditional English Pub. There is a massive variety of imported beer and awesome seating arrangements. Furthermore, As you walk down the stairs to enter the pub, sports memorabilia instantly encapsulate you as well as big screen tv's for viewing the latest soccer matches. Furthermore, after speaking with the Host, who is native to East London, I was reassured that a focus of the pub is offering all available soccer games no matter what time they start (some of which begin around 5 am). Also, As you can imagine this venue strongly supports Asheville's Local soccer club and they aren't afraid to tell you about it! Lastly, customer service is excellent, all of the workers greet you with a smile and professionalism. Located in the heart of downtown, this is definitely a place you want to give a go!
Located on "the block" in downtown Asheville you will find this wonderful restaurant that specialized in uniquely prepared authentic southern food! Chef owner John fleer was named one of the "Rising stars of the 21stcentury" y the James Beard foundation and is a 5 time finalist for the James Beard foundation award for best chef in the southeast.
Although the service is impeccable and the quality of food is exquisite, I believe Benne on Eagle's focus on historic Asheville, specifically the area they are headquartered is the real treat. Historically, "the block" was known for food, fun and entertainment for the community. Throughout the years this notion has changed due to economic factors and societal shifts. Benne On Eagle cherishes this memory and is making an effort to reproduce this atmosphere one step at a time. Moreover, the visual Centerpiece of the restaurant is a mural by local artist Joseph Pearson that depicts a historically sound representation of downtown Asheville. If you're looking to get a sensational meal by a great staff of workers, you should check out this new restaurant!
Button & Co Bagels
My final feature in this week's blog is Button & Co Bagels! Opening in late 2018, this is Asheville's newest bagel shop! This classic bagel shop is very delightful due the chef Kate Buttons extensive knowledge of baking. Button & Co Bagels focuses on using sustainable and local ingredients for many of the items on the menu. Bagels also offers a line of house made bottled sodas and freshly squeezed juices. They have a variety of bagel flavors that can satisfy anyone's needs or wants! Located on Lexington Asheville, this bagel shop is sure to satisfy your taste buds.

subset: commoncrawl


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Hampshire 141 for 6 (McKenzie 48, van Jaarsveld 3-20) beat Kent 72 for 9 (Stevens 20, Mascarenhas 3-29) by 69 runs
Hampshire's Dimitri Mascarenhas took three wickets as Kent slumped to the fourth-lowest total in domestic Twenty20 history en route to a 69-run defeat in this Friends Life t20 encounter at the Rose Bowl.
The hosts could only put together a modest 141 for 6 from their 20 overs after Dominic Cork had won the toss, but it proved more than enough as Kent capitulated, losing their top three batsmen within the first 14 balls.
Mascarenhas put behind him more than a year of injury problems to undermine the Kent batting, dismissing Joe Denly with the third delivery of the innings and then snaring his fellow opener Rob Key - both for ducks - and later Wahab Riaz (11) as Kent fell away, never looking likely to get anywhere near their victory target.
Mascarenhas finished with figures of 3 for 29 from his four-over allotment as Hampshire raced back to the top of the South Group with their eighth win in 11 fixtures. Kent were all out for 72, although batsman Martin van Jaarsveld was unable to bat because of a finger injury sustained while fielding.
Hampshire struggled on a pitch offering plenty of turn and their top scorer was South African batsman Neil McKenzie who hit five boundaries in his 46-ball 48, sharing in a stand of 50 for the fifth wicket with Sean Ervine.
Champions Hampshire were never at ease against the occasional spin of van Jaarsveld, who took 3 for 20 from four overs having previously only ever taken seven wickets in the competition.
But if Kent thought seven an over was a reasonable proposition, they were in for a shock as they lost Denly, Azhar Mahmood and Key with just two on the board. With Riaz quickly dismissed only Darren Stevens offered any resistance, striking six and two fours in his 20 before he was bowled by Danny Briggs.
Sam Northeast was run out for 3 and Kent were beyond redemption at 40 for 6 at the start of the eighth over. Shahid Afridi, who was out first ball when Hampshire batted, accounted for Adam Ball in the 11th over and the innings was quickly wrapped up by Imran Tahir who sent back Geraint Jones and Charl Langeveldt.
Hampshire's victory was their sixth in succession at the Rose Bowl and for Kent there was at least a small consolation of having avoided the lowest total in the English version of the competition. That remains the 67 Sussex made, coincidentally against Hampshire, in 2004.


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NASHVILLE (AP) — Vanderbilt coach Jerry Stackhouse has hired Adam Mazarei to his coaching staff, adding an assistant who spent the past six seasons with the NBA's Memphis Grizzlies.
Stackhouse announced the move Friday.
Mazarei spent three seasons as a Grizzlies' assistant coach and three as a player development assistant helping with advance work and pro personnel scouting.
He was an assistant and associate head coach at Moorpark College in California between 2010 and 2013 where he helped organize scouting, recruiting, practice and game plans. He also was player development coach at IMPACT Basketball Academy in Las Vegas between 2009 and 2013. He has a master's in athletic administration and coaching at Concordia and played point guard at the University of Redlands.
More AP college basketball: https://apnews.com/Collegebasketball and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25
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How Introverts can Secure Promotions.
Rarely will you find introverted people bragging about what they have achieved or even their talents. This also applies to their jobs meaning they are not likely to go to their bosses asking for promotions. If you are an introvert, this is not a reason for you to miss out on the job you have earned based on your skills, knowledge and even talent. Every introvert has soft skills which can be used in getting a promotion when asking directly is too frightening. You might not have things as easy as the extroverts when you are an introvert but do not take this to mean that will be stuck on the same position for years. You ought to find a way to set yourself apart from the crowd. Educating yourself is one of the best ways to set yourself apart because your achievements and results will do the talking for you. You do not have to take a leave of absence from your job or resign in order to attend classes because now you can study online and you will still get a valid certificate to show when you want a promotion. Picking random online courses to take will not be of much help because the certificates you are presenting to your employer should be in an area that he or she needs experts in.
Talking about talents and achievements might not be your thing but you might not be so intimidated if you are showcasing what you know. If you are attending a meeting, a seminar or a conference, you ought to contribute to the discuss and show the other facilitators how informed you are in various areas. Even if you do not fare well when talking directly to your bosses, you can try communicating with them in writing and see how it goes. If there are presentations or statements to be prepared, you can do that and take them to your bosses personally so that they can notice how skilled you are and how you are committed to the company.
You can ask them about career development plans the firm has in order to know what to do to increase your chances of getting picked for the promotions. Even when there isn't a professional development plan in the company you are working with, you can visit the human resource department to discuss opportunities which might be open in the future so that you can get prepared early through taking the right courses or training to align yourself with the job requirements. If you can find a mentor then the better because this is a person who can assist in communicating the career needs you have. The mentors can also be your gateway to learning new skills as well as improving your performance. You can click here for more information on this topic.


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Geoff Gibbons – Rollin' Free – New Release
Check out this new single from Vancouver Americana-folk artist Geoff Gibbons entitled "Rollin' Free". This is the first single to be released since last 2017's acclaimed "Buffalo Hotel" full-length.
Geoff's soul deep songwriting and vocals are imbued with experience and empathy. Against the intimate grain of his voice, the players reflect his themes with subtle flourishes and stellar musicianship.
In a daily life filled with stresses, fears and obstacles, we all want to feel free, to let go and just embrace life. With "Rollin' Free", Geoff shares his inspired inner feeling with the listener and invites them along for a little road trip.


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Maple Grove Police Ask for Public's Help After SA Robbery
Sep 22, 2015 09:10AM
By Wendy Erlien
(Photo provided by Maple Grove Police Department)
The Maple Grove Police Department is looking for the public's assistance following an early September robbery at a Maple Grove business.
At approximately 1:43 p.m. Sept. 6, the Maple Grove Police Department received a report of a robbery at Super America, located at 9363 Upland Lane North, according to a Maple Grove Police Department press release. A lone black male entered the store, brandished a knife, and demanded money from the registers, according the press release from police which went on to state "he is described as being approximately 5' 7", with a goatee; and wearing dark sunglasses, a Minnesota Twins baseball hat, and a blue and grey colored windbreaker style jacket."
As of Sept. 22, Maple Grove Police Department is seeking the public's help in identifying the individual.
Community members with information about the individual or incident are asked to contact Maple Grove Police Detective Laurel Slawson at 763-494-6189.


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Archive for April 6th, 2011
Scratch-Off Tickets Instant Fail
I really hate these commercials pimping the Pennsylvania Lottery.
Sure the mascot is stupid, but as I get up there in years I'm really starting to detest the state-run lottery system.
The Pennsylvania Lottery benefits older Pennsylvanians. Except for those that actually play state-sanctioned gambling.
Keep on scratching.


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"Being in Iowa gives you a unique point of view inherently. Embrace that."
Bryan Woods
Alumni filmmakers Scott Beck, Bryan Woods strike deal with Paramount Pictures
Box Office Mojo had A Quiet Place stepping back into the top of the box office over the weekend and crossing the $200 million mark worldwide. Pretty amazing for a non-franchise that cost $17 million to make.
Congrats to both Scott Beck and Bryan Woods who originally wrote the script, and to John Kransinki who directed the film and honed the script.
Because Beck and Woods are from Bettendorf, Iowa (and are familiar with this blog) this is as good a time as any to make them the poster boys for "Screenwriting from Iowa…and Other Unlikely Places" (even if they're in their 30s now). They join Oscar-winning Juno screenwriter Diablo Cody who I named years ago as the poster girl for the blog.
It just so happens that Beck, Woods, and Cody are all graduates of the University of Iowa. I've been asked if I teach at U-Iowa (or was when I lived in Iowa) or was a student there and the answer is no and no. I have no connection at all to the University of Iowa.
I simply started this little blog in 2008 after seeing Juno and here we are a decade later. It just so happens that the University of Iowa turns out some talented people.
Related posts:
The Juno-Iowa Connection
Postcard #55 (Iowa Writers' Workshop Library)
David Lynch in Iowa
John Irving, Iowa & Writing
Yawn…Another Pulitzer Prize (University of Iowa grads)


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Book Returns
Weed in the Grass
Charles A. Reich's The Greening of America
by Howard F. Ahmanson, Jr.
& Allan Carlson
Some biblical translations footnote the word "fool" in Proverbs as "one who is morally deficient." Charles A. Reich was this kind of fool. Certainly no intellectual fool, he wrote well and readably, with considerable emotion. All the same, Reich's often biting and accurate diagnoses of 1970 America's cultural and political ills in The Greening of America eventually . . .


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6 Weekend Makeup Essentials Under $15
YAS! It's daylight savings time weekend, meaning you'll have an extra hour to enjoy your time O.U.T. on Saturday (or sleep in on Sunday). Before you fall back in time, get ready for cocktails, a little dancing and some *serious pancakes* while sporting some stylish weekend beauty looks. These weekend makeup essentials are all under $15, so you'll still have enough cash left over for bottomless mimosas at brunch. Cheers!
You've made it through a long week — we totally get it. Even though the couch is calling, don't give up yet! In less than two minutes, you can freshen up your look with Rimmel London Super Speed Volume Flash Mascara ($4). Your lashes will be clump-free and your eyes will look wide awake. Complete your makeup routine with a smidgen of Chosungah 22 So Tiny Lip & Cheek Face Color ($14). It's travel-sized, so you can throw it in your makeup bag Friday morning and easily touch up your cheeks with the gorg violet shade. You can use it to pretty up your lips too. It's Friday and you've got nothing to pout about ;)
Enjoy a fun and crazy night on the town, but don't forget that the clocks turn back at 2am. You'll really shine for whatever you've got planned after applying some L'Oréal Infallible Silkissime Eyeliner ($9). Why not try a daring cobalt blue color to brighten up your lids? After that, put on some Soap & Glory Sexy Mother Pucker Lip Gloss ($10) and celebrate your plump pout. You're all business when the universe throws you extra time to party, right?!
Go ahead and set that clock back one hour this morning! You'll show up to brunch looking super rested thanks to just a hint of highlighter. Try applying the Butter London On the Glow Pen ($12) directly on your brow bone to help your eyes glow. Follow it up with some BeYu Hydro Star Volume Lipstick ($15). It's mega hydrating and will add some life back to your parched lips. The beautiful shade will set the perfect tone for a rosy week ahead.
Looking for more makeup inspiration? Follow us on Pinterest!
Brit + Co may at times use affiliate links to promote products sold by others, but always offers genuine editorial recommendations.


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Through the use of a internet marketing funnel administration procedure it is probable to improve the profitability of one's B2B organization. Most corporations are likely for being functioning CRM (Client Romantic relationship Management) program clickfunnels pricing 2019, and are also probable to get employing it to merely a portion of its capability due to the fact CRM in itself is only element of the solution to handling the marketing and gross sales facets of a business.
Too many organizations different sales and internet marketing for the extent they really feel obliged to contend, and regrettably, though balanced inter-departmental competitors may be of gain for several firms, it could possibly even have a detrimental influence without some form of handle. That manage can commonly be supplied by automated direct scoring methods with pre-set regulations.
Nevertheless, a lot better will be to mix marketing and revenue initiatives into a outcome that compares leads getting into the funnel in opposition to clients leaving it. To put it differently, the merged efforts of selling and revenue features are built-in to some one objective.
How can that be put in force? Any method or extension of marketing and product sales capabilities should be element of your existing CRM process, and an automatic promoting funnel administration procedure would've to become built-in together with your present-day CRM application. Ended up that not the case then you definitely would've distinctive and possibly conflicting programs running concurrently – which rarely results in good results.
Provided that a advertising funnel administration process may very well be built-in with the CRM software package, what should its aims be to ensure that it to achieve success in increasing the profitability of the B2B small business? 1st, the computer software will concentration on B2B, making sure that it should be meant to enable an organization that does business enterprise with other organizations. This delivers the benefit the lead is in search of a genuine solution into a difficulty. Organizations shouldn't be surfing the online for exciting.
Should they get to your website then they are often classified as genuine qualified prospects, instead of passers-by clicking to the sake of it. Direct scoring software can immediately rating this sort of clicks positively, and you can offer you inducements these kinds of as white papers or no cost demo items in the information they is going to be acknowledged only by intrigued enterprises and never by people seeking freebies!
Individuals getting into your advertising and marketing funnel can then be nurtured and scored as they go by it. All this is completed immediately, with scoring initiated with precise motion functions, these types of as offering get in touch with specifics, downloading a white paper or even just traveling to the positioning. Experienced guide scoring may be integrated using your CRM technique that holds the lead's details within a databases, and maintains the data and place of each direct inside the internet marketing funnel.
A direct nurturing technique is usually utilized to analyze the desires of the guide from response to specific triggers, and be supplied free of charge publications that relate for the leads from the specific will need. A white paper or free of charge report can be provided, and later during the funnel a direct, possibly now experienced as being a prospect, could possibly be presented a low-cost solution that pertains to their specific curiosity.
Eventually, the advertising and marketing funnel administration method will determine certified customers which have acquired particular products associated to their organization. You can mark that time since the bottom in the funnel or you could (ideally) mark it as just one a lot more phase within the way downwards. It is just one a lot more qualifying action, following which all the more hard work is created with what is now a consumer.
That exertion may be during the method of back-sales, the place you may market items that relate to which they have just ordered, otherwise you could supply extensions of the authentic solution – Mark II such as. This kind of back-up advertising may not be relevant for your kind of business, and for yourself the process is comprehensive besides the ongoing client romance techniques that happen to be adopted to make certain that your client returns to you personally for his or her subsequent need.
You will discover many advertising funnel administration procedure out there on the net, and which you decide on ought to be dependent on your particular wants and whether or not or not it might combine with all your CRM application. It is probable to further improve your B2B profitability by making the right choice, but it is also very easy to generate a serious mistake of alternative that can have grave implications for your upcoming profitability of the business.
The upshot is that you should never ever purchase a internet marketing funnel management procedure with no using a free no-commitment trial more than a time period long adequate for yourself to present it a suitable examination. A corporation that offers that is definitely one that is certainly self-confident their solution operates as it must, which you can obtain it just after your demo. On the other hand, the procedure you purchase really should be developed especially to suit your business enterprise, considering that there is no 'one suits all' solution to marketing and advertising funnel management.


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Friend Request
Cert: 15 / 92 mins / Dir. Simon Verhoeven / Trailer
Okay, we all know how this works by now, and the review for Friend Request writes itself almost as transparently as the film does. This all-too-familiar tale is a clock-punching hour and a half of colour-desaturated cattle-prod jumps, based entirely on the premise of "You don't understand the full mechanics of the supernatural; you don't understand the back-end workings of Facebook*1; ergo, they're the same!".
And in order for this film to work, that's a thematic-link that you're really going to have to buy into. It's easy to be cynical of course, and perhaps it's unfair to judge the logical implausibilities of a film where the plot itself is based on folklore and superstition. Then again, the film expects to be taken seriously in an age where the average audience member knows more about social networking than the writers apparently do.
But as readers with even the shortest of cinematic memories will have gathered, Friend Request is little more than a shameless plagiarisation of 2015's Unfriended, which manages to completely miss the point of what at least made that an interesting film (if not necessarily a great one). As this story's shunned teenager goes all digital-era-Carrie and starts haunting her contemporaries with suspiciously lo-res cam footage and suspiciously lavish Flash animation, we are at least gifted with a selection of characters that we won't mind seeing die. Ironically, the film's attempts to be macabre are laughable to the point where they're no longer funny.
Despite trying to provoke controversy with every on-screen expiration, the most offensive thing about Friend Request is its laziness.
But it's no less than I expected, so at least the film's consistent in that regard…
File alongside Ouija; it's that stupid.
If you fancy paying £10 to be shrieked at by an unfeasibly angry goth for an hour and a half, by all means.
Couldn't tell you either way, but I hope not.
No, but that eagle-screech is in there (and for no real reason).
Level 2: The film stars William Moseley, who was also in 2008's Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian alongside Warwick 'Wicket' Davis, and the voice of Liam 'Qui-Gon' Neeson.
*1 Note, not actual branded Facebook. Just a user-interface and colour-scheme that look close enough to heavily suggest the world's largest social network, but different enough to not seriously infringe copyright. Although oddly, the word Facebook is screen-referenced in the share-panel of a online news article in the film (still not the actual logo, though). It's also interesting that this thoroughly exploitative, suicide-themed torture-parable seems to have had no problem in securing clearance for the usage of Apple products. Go figure.
• ^^^ That's dry, British humour, and most likely sarcasm or facetiousness.
• Yen's blog contains harsh language and even harsher notions of propriety. Reader discretion is advised.
• This is a personal blog. The views and opinions expressed here represent my own thoughts (at the time of writing) and not those of the people, institutions or organisations that I may or may not be related with unless stated explicitly.


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LVL Lashes is th newest innovation in pimping your peepers. We tried it and our eyes have been looking big and bright (on less than eight hours sleep a night).
I love the look of a nice full lash. In fact, my top beauty tip is to have good brows, good lashes and a tan. The combination of all three just makes you look really well groomed at all times.
Then, there is really very little else you have to do from a beauty perspective. Last year for my wedding, I got mink lashes and although I absolutely loved how they looked on the day and week after, I hated that they fell out patchy and the state they left my lashes in.
I fully accept that part of that was my fault as I never got the professionally removed and should have. I will hold my hands up and admit picking at them after three weeks. Regardless, my lashes went from being really nice when I wore mascara to stumps.
I recently was sent a new lash growth serum which I have been using and it really has made a huge difference. But, because of my busy lifestyle, I tend to be rushing around a lot of the time so applying makeup seems to have taken the back burner. I was looking for an alternative to mink lashes that still made me look like I made an effort but was much less upkeep and hassle.
LVL Lashes
And that's when I discovered LVL Lashes at Burgundy Beauty on Newtownpark Avenue, a salon that came very highly rated by other beauty experts and editors. First, of course, I had to get a patch test. It's an essential but still annoying part of any beauty treatment involving dye, but Burgundy stays open until 9 pm so I was able to pop in of my way home from work. So far, so convenient.
The lovely salon is surprisingly big. It's home to seven rooms upstairs and a ground floor full of sections. The staff at reception were extremely welcoming and friendly. It's no wonder they have awards for Best Front of House.
How It Works
You lie down on a lovely bed in a quiet room and close your eyes for an hour while the therapist does her business.
The first step was measuring the lash line and finding the right size curl for my lashes. For me, we went for medium, but don't worry if you have shorter lashes, this treatment will still make a huge difference to your lashes. There are loads of different sized moulds to fit different length lashes. The mould was applied to my lid and my lashes were glued around it to lift and curl my lashes. Next, the lifting serum was applied, which smells a bit funny. It kind of reminded me of being in the hairdressers with my nana when she got a perm. Ah, nostalgia. That was left for 16 minutes and followed with a volumising and fixing serum for eight minutes.
After that, the colour boost, which is essentially a lash tint, was applied for eight minutes and followed with a nourishing serum to finish. The results, as you can see from my photo, were amazing.
This treatment lasts eight weeks and you can wash your face as usual and wear mascara. My lashes have never looked better.
The aftercare is easy. You can't get them wet for 24 hours and then you have to keep them hydrated by using a lash serum which I do anyway. Otherwise, they will dry out.
It costs €60 which is very affordable for its lasting time.
All in all, I'm delighted with my new low maintenance, no fuss lashes. Now I just need to go do my brows! I'll get to my tan in time.
Have you found any must-have treatments recently? We're all ears.


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Hollywoodbets Dolphins' all-rounder Senuran Muthusamy has been called up to join the South Africa A squad set to face Australia in a tour match to be played at Sahara Park Willowmore from February 22 to 24.
This 23-year-old has over time proved to everyone that he has what it takes to reach the pinnacle of his cricket career and he is going about it the right way. Having played just 52 First-class matches, the young left-hander has amassed 2649 runs and taken 82 wickets.
Muthusamy displayed a great amount of aptitude as an all-rounder in the recent Momentum One Day Cup campaign, but the four-day Sunfoil Series is where the former Clifton College pupil made his mark in the Dolphins set up.
"I think that I've learned more about myself and what helps me do well," explained Muthusamy, "I've really tried to be as consistent as I can in my preparation and performances over the past few months.
"It was not a complete surprise as I have planned on moving my career forward through consistent performances with bat and ball – it's a huge honour and I feel very privileged to have the opportunity to represent the SA A team."
The chance to face some of the world's premier bowlers will give Muthusamy a solid gauge on where he stands.
"It is a terrific opportunity to experience playing against Australia, and test myself against some high-quality players," he said.
As many other cricket players have role models and other fellow cricketers whom they look up to, Muthusamy appreciates the way in which another classy left-hander, Kumar Sangakkara, went about playing the game.
"Somebody I've always enjoyed watching is Kumar Sangakkara from Sri Lanka; apart from being a good cricketer he is a good human being and a humble man," Muthusamy concluded.
The calm demeanour of Muthusamy might draw some slight similarities to that of Sri Lanka's super star Sangakkara.
Muthusamy will join his Hollywoodbets Dolphins captain Khaya Zondo who has been selected to lead to side.
South Africa A squad:
Khayalihle Zondo (Hollywoodbets Dolphins, capt), Theunis de Bruyn (VKB Knights), Zubayr Hamza (World Sports Betting Cape Cobras), Beuran Hendricks (bizhub Highveld Lions), Pieter Malan (World Sports Betting Cape Cobras), Wiaan Mulder (bizhub Highveld Lions), Senuran Muthusamy (Hollywoodbets Dolphins), Duanne Olivier (VKB Knights), Rudi Second (VKB Knights), Malusi Siboto (Multiply Titans), Shaun von Berg (Multiply Titans).
Form more information visit www.dolphinscricket.co.za.


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How did I get it?:
I bought it!
Previously reviewed by the same author:
The Unbecoming of Mara Dyer
The Evolution of Mara Dyer
Mara Dyer wants to believe there's more to the lies she's been told.
There is.
She doesn't stop to think about where her quest for the truth might lead.
She should.
She never had to imagine how far she would go for vengeance.
She will now.
Loyalties are betrayed, guilt and innocence tangle, and fate and chance collide in this shocking conclusion to Mara Dyer's story.
Retribution has arrived.
I have absolutely loved the Mara Dyer series by Michelle Hodkin. When I got my hands on the final book in the trilogy, I knew I needed to prioritise it and read it as soon as I could! I was happy enough with the final book in the series, but I have to admit it wasn't my favourite book in the series. I expected a massive ending and I was left a little unsatisfied. I also wanted some closure, but that didn't really happen. I can understand why it ended the way it did though.
Of course, as most of the readers of this series can imagine, the book is full of crazy twists and turns as we come to expect from Michelle Hodkin's writing. It picks up straight after The Evolution of Mara Dyer.
Mara goes through so many crazy things in this book. She's quite to the different to the Mara that we think we know. I think this is as realistic as it can be. I know if anyone else had experienced everything that Mara has they would be changed. Mara really blurs the line between good and evil in this particular book, but I won't say how or why, I'll leave that for you to explore yourself. I loved the characters of Jamie, Stella and Daniel. It was interesting to read about Jamie, Stella and Mara's abilities. I really like Daniel as a character, so I was pleased to see him return!
Noah wasn't really around until towards the end of the story. I missed him, so I was so happy to see him appear again! The romance between Mara and Noah isn't as focused on in this book, which will be good to hear for some, but for me I found it a little disappointing! I really enjoyed reading about their relationship and seeing it grow amidst the craziness.
I didn't feel like The Retribution of Mara Dyer was a psychologically thrilling as the other two books in the series. It definitely has a different vibe. This isn't a bad thing, but for me it is the reason that I didn't give this book five stars. I missed the creepiness of the story. Some of the gaps in the plot were just glossed over and I didn't think this gives the reader enough resolution.
Would I recommend it?:
Of course!


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Convention and compromise are enemies of creativity. They're also ideas that the three members of Ex Ømerta have outright renounced in their pursuit of undiluted and unadulterated musical exhilaration. The fact is that the Winnipeg-based trio thrives in a setting of controlled chaos, refusing to adhere to any set of rules imposed on them. And they've heard their fair share in their time together – drummers can't be lead singers. Bad Brains and Primus shouldn't be uttered in the same breath as Queens of the Stone Age and The White Stripes… Ex Ømerta spits in their figurative faces.
Using the urban underground of Winnipeg as the inspirational landscape for their music, this three-piece outfit has carved a sound all their own. dirty, loud, and chaotic, yet sweet, melodic, and quirky all in one. Lyrics of romantic longing, too many late nights, and the odd verse of Kanye-like hubris document the after-hours lifestyle the band has become accustomed to on their path for musical identity.
This is a band that combines the locked-in rock of Royal Blood with the seductive groove of Arctic Monkeys and pure punk rock piss and vinegar in a combustible concoction that defies both definition and decorum. It's also a band whose members' individual talents are matched only by their collective focus and ambition.
Make no mistake. they lock into sync and use their musical powers to push the envelope with their songwriting.
From the stage, the band is pure intensity and energy incarnate. The only predictable element is unpredictability. Their name alludes to a code of honour that rejects authority and establishment – including those of the mainstream music industry.
Forming in January 2017 and quickly pairing with Montreal-based producer Mike Nash (Blue Rodeo, Mise En Scene), the band's coming year sees them releasing a four-song EP and two accompanying music videos, as well as undertaking two national tours.
Never compromising originality for convention in anything they touch, Ex Ømerta play only to appease the need for adrenaline-fuelled anarchy in all of us.


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After two all-too-short weeks of remarkable fundraising efforts, Deerfield High School has concluded their student-led charity drive, School Chest 2014.
The Rolfe Foundation staff and supporters cannot begin to find enough superlatives to adequately convey our sense of awe and admiration for the energy and accomplishments of the DHS community.
School Chest featured a packed schedule of diverse and exciting fundraising endeavors, and whether you found yourself at an ice-skating outing, an American Idol style sing-off, or munching on goodies from a bake sale, the one constant you found was the steadfast commitment of DHS students to support the cause of early detection.
Their passion paid off. In just two short weeks, the Warriors of Deerfield High School left no stone unturned and raised $142,000 on behalf of the Rolfe Foundation – the highest fundraising total ever in the decades-long history of School Chest.
Please join us in thanking the astonishing students and staff of Deerfield High School for their inspirational work benefitting early detection pancreatic cancer research.
They are a shining example of civic sprit, and the Rolfe Foundation will remain forever proud to have worked with such exceptional young people.


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Job Description
Signify Technology are working with a well-known Energy provider with a strong presence across Europe. With flexible remote working and the opportunity to work in a diverse team of Software developers, you will get exposure to a modern stack of technologies and the opportunity to add significant value to an energy building platform.
The Role
- Option to work remotely twice every week
- Be a part of an international, Engish speaking team
- Working with technologies such as Angular, Typescript, Scala, PostgreSQL and MongoDB
- Face to face communication
- Based in Germany
Must have
- Extensive Scala knowledge
- Knowledge of Scrum, Kanban, and Continuous Integration
- Comfortable with Functional Reactive Programming
- You have a passion to build great products for customers
- Experience with Scalable Web Applications
Nice to have:
- Used MongoDB, InfluxDB, Timescale or Druid
- Knowledge of Kafka
- Worked with real-time analytics and optimization
If you think you could have what our client is looking for then please reply with your updated CV, your availability and salary expectations and we will get in touch with you straight away!


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Littlun – LIVE! From the Vineyard Stage
February 23, 2019 @ 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm$8
Presented by Woodstown Music! Littlun is the solo musical project of Philadelphia singer-songwriter and Woodstown Native, Molly Lynn White. Come check her out as she returns to her hometown stage to perform songs from her new release, Sentient Youth! Performance from 7 to 9 PM. Admission is $8! Reservations strongly suggested.


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Graphite: properties, uses and South Australian resources
John Keeling
Geological Survey of South Australia, Department of the Premier and Cabinet
Download this article as a PDF (1.2 MB); cite as MESA Journal 84, pages 28–41
Background and properties
Graphite is a versatile industrial mineral with unique properties that have facilitated technological innovation, beginning in the 16th century with discovery of high-grade lump graphite at Borrowdale, England. Borrowdale graphite was carved into pencil sticks for convenient durable markers and had strategic importance as a refractory lining in moulds that produced superior, smooth and round cannonballs with greater projectile range. Today, natural graphite is a key component in high-performance refractory linings for steel manufacture, high-charge capacity anodes for lithium-ion batteries, and a source of graphene to inspire a new generation of smart materials.
Graphite, like diamond, is a crystalline form of carbon. Graphite and diamond are natural allotropes of carbon (i.e. different molecular forms of the same element) that arise from the way the carbon atoms are joined together and arranged to form regular structures. In diamond, each carbon atom is bound to four other carbon atoms by strong covalent bonds in a regular isometric structure that gives rise to the hardest known mineral. In graphite, carbon atoms are bonded to only three other carbon atoms to form strong, two dimensional layers, that are extremely stable, but where each layer is only weakly linked to adjacent layers by van der Waal's forces. The resulting hexagonal layered structure forms one of the softest minerals. The presence of an unpaired valence electron makes graphite an excellent electrical conductor within the plane of the layers. Graphite is inert towards most chemicals and has a high melting point of ~3,550 °C, but in the presence of oxygen will begin to oxidise at temperatures >300 °C and can be induced to sustain burning above 650 °C, given suitable conditions; the rate of thermal oxidation is slow but increases with increasing temperature. Thermal conductivity in graphite is anisotropic but is very high in the direction parallel to the plane of the layers. The calculated crystal density of graphite is 2.266 g/cm3 but the measured specific gravity is typically between 2.20–2.30 depending on purity; high values are due mostly to impurities, low values are associated with trapped porosity. Graphite is soft, Mohs hardness of 1–2, greasy to the feel, and is flexible and sectile, but not elastic. It commonly forms as foliated or scaly masses but may be radiated or granular, and is opaque black with a metallic lustre but can also be dull and earthy.
The graphite content in commercial graphite samples is determined routinely by LECO furnace method with pre-treatments, as necessary, to eliminate carbon associated with carbonate minerals and non-graphitic organic matter (e.g. Sader et al. 2015). Analyses are reported as percentage carbon (C) or as graphitic carbon (Cg); the trend in reporting resources data for natural graphite deposits is to use the term 'total graphitic carbon' (TGC).
Graphite sources
Commercial sources of natural graphite are commonly classified as flake graphite (Fig. 1), vein or 'lump' graphite, and 'amorphous' (microcrystalline) graphite (Table 1). Broadly, these reflect the geological setting and conditions under which the graphite formed.
Flake graphite is associated mostly with high-grade metamorphic rocks where organic carbon deposited within sediments was transformed into graphite by pressures typically exceeding 5 kbar and temperatures above 700 °C. The process of metamorphic graphitisation is controlled largely by temperature and is essentially complete above 500 °C (Wang 1989), but pressure, duration of the metamorphic event, increasing temperature and shear strain influence the degree of crystallisation and the size of graphite flakes (Buseck and Huang 1985; Beyssac et al. 2002). Graphite-bearing rocks include orthoquartzite and marble but more commonly are quartz–biotite schist and gneiss, sometimes with sulfide minerals, and usually with a variable content of associated metamorphic minerals including feldspar, muscovite, chlorite, garnet, orthopyroxene or sillimanite. The graphite is often present as flakes or elongate patches aligned with the schistosity or banding to form lenses or layers where the graphite content can exceed 10% of the rock.
Vein graphite occurs as vein, fracture fill or pipe-like bodies where graphitic carbon and/or carbon-rich fluids have migrated and precipitated as graphite masses. High-grade, vein-style graphite is known from several countries, but at present is produced only from Sri Lanka, a long-term supplier. Former sources include the historic Borrowdale mine where highly crystalline graphite forms pipe-like bodies, fracture fill and disseminated replacements. Recent studies concluded that these formed as the result of dehydration and rehydration reactions of CO2 and CH4 fluids, generated during dioritic magma assimilation of organic-rich metapelites at comparatively low temperature and pressure of 400–500 °C and 1–2 kbar, respectively (Luque et al. 2009; Ortega et al. 2010). Vein graphite from Sri Lanka shows needle-like macro morphology and flake-like micro morphology and is produced as centimetre-sized lumps of mostly high purity graphite (94–99% Cg).
Amorphous graphite is produced mostly from anthracitic coal seams that have undergone variable graphitisation during contact or regional metamorphism. This form of graphite is typically massive and has comparatively high levels of fine-grained impurities that are not easily separable from the graphite. Commercial grades typically range from 75 to 85% Cg. Some 'amorphous graphite' is also produced as a fine-grained graphite byproduct from flake graphite mining and processing.
Total production of natural graphite in 2015 was estimated to be 1.19 Mt (United States Geological Survey 2017) with China the largest producer (Fig. 2). Natural graphite product was comprised of 50% amorphous graphite – predominantly from China and Mexico; 49% flake graphite – dominated by China with significant production also from India and Brazil; and <1% vein graphite from Sri Lanka.
Synthetic graphite is made by heating amorphous carbon materials, such as calcined petroleum coke of suitable crystalline quality (i.e. high proportion of naturally occurring benzene rings), in a reducing environment at temperatures between 2,300 to 3,000 °C to convert it to graphite. The process of preparation, heating and cooling takes several weeks to several months. Graphite fibres are manufactured by high-temperature conversion of polyacrylonitrile, pitch or rayon precursors.
Table 1 Summary of characteristics of different forms of commercial natural graphite
|Crystalline graphite flakes; coarse >150 µm; fine <150 µm
|Interlocking aggregates of coarse graphite crystals; typically >4 cm
|Microcrystalline, soft earthy graphite; mostly <40 µm
|Syngenetic; regional metamorphism of organic matter in metasedimentary rocks
|Epigenetic; regional metamorphism; metasomatism involving CO2–CH4–H2O fluids
|Syngenetic; contact and/or regional thermal metamorphism of coal seams
|2–30% graphite; stratabound, tabular or lenses
|>90% graphite; veins and fracture infill
|>70% graphite; in anthracitic coal layers, typically folded and faulted
|Product grade
|85–97% Cg
|90–99% Cg
|75–90% Cg
|Main uses
|Refractories, batteries, brake linings, flame retardants
|Carbon brushes, brake linings, batteries, lubricants
|Steel recarburiser, foundry mould facing, lubricants, pencils
|Major producers
|China, Brazil, India, Canada
|Sri Lanka
|China, Mexico, North Korea, Turkey
Source: Updated from Mitchell (1993).
Graphite demand
Synthetic graphite makes up over 90% of the value of the global graphitic carbon market, which was estimated during peak demand in 2012 at around $US14 billion (Fig. 3). Natural graphite accounted for less than 10% by value but the quantities produced were similar with ~1.2 Mt natural graphite and ~1.5 Mt synthetic graphite (Fig. 4). Independent estimates of natural graphite demand for 2014 and 2015 were <700,000 tpa (Fig. 5), with significant oversupply driving lower prices (Schodde 2016; Spencer and Hill 2016). Demand for flake graphite is presently under 400,000 tpa, but this is anticipated to rise substantially in line with the growth in manufacture of lithium-ion batteries for portable devices, electric vehicles and energy storage (Fig. 5).
Synthetic vs natural graphite
Synthetic and natural graphite supply mostly separate markets but there is increasing overlap in uses (Fig. 3), influenced mostly by factors of price and purity. Synthetic graphite is engineered to specific specifications with high purity and predictable properties, but is less conductive and more expensive than natural graphite. Synthetic graphite is used to make electrodes for metal refining, principally in electric arc furnaces used for steel production and large cathodes that line electrolytic cells used in aluminium smelting. Other uses include graphite blocks and powders, carbon brushes and bearings, and graphite fibre reinforcement in polymer composites. Natural amorphous graphite is used as a carbon raiser in iron casting and steelmaking, as a facing on foundry moulds, and for pencil manufacture. Flake graphite is consumed mainly in the production of high-performance refractories. These are used in steelmaking to line ladles and the zones most vulnerable to slag corrosion in basic oxygen and electric arc furnaces, usually in the form of magnesia-carbon bricks or alumina-graphite casting ware and monolithic refractories (Ewais 2004; Stein and Aneziris 2014). Coarser grades of flake graphite (Table 2) have a slower rate of oxidation and are preferred by refractory manufacturers, but surface treatments and antioxidants are widely used that also improve the performance of more readily available medium-flake graphite (Ewais 2004; Lee and Zhang 2004).
Table 2 Flake graphite particle size ranges widely applied for industrial uses
|Flake category
Microns (µm)
|Particle size range
Millimetres (mm)
Mesh number
| Jumbo
| >300
| >0.3
| +48
|Very fine (amorphous)
Battery anodes
Both synthetic and natural graphite make effective, stable anodes for batteries. Increased demand for graphite in this market is being driven by the growth in manufacture of lithium-ion batteries. High electrical storage and good charge cycling characteristics can be achieved using natural graphite after treatment by impact milling to crumple the flakes into spherical shapes (Fig. 6), followed by acid or thermal purification (>99.5% Cg), then coating with a thin film of amorphous carbon (Yoshio et al. 2004; Mundszinger et al. 2017). The shaping and coating reduce the surface area of graphite flakes and increase the anode packing density. This improves the rate and extent of intercalation of lithium ions into the graphite, reduces the tendency for exfoliation, and controls the formation of solid electrolyte interphase, which consumes lithium ions and can lower battery capacity (Joho et al. 2001; An et al. 2016). Anode technologies continue to evolve and further improvement in reversible charge capacity and cycling performance is achieved by coating processed natural graphite with silicon nanoparticles (e.g. Zhang et al. 2007).
Processing of natural graphite into spherical shapes currently has low efficiency, resulting in high quantities (50–70%) of very fine grained, relatively high-grade graphite 'waste' that will likely displace amorphous graphite in some traditional markets. Despite the high wastage, natural spherical graphite anodes offer cost savings over synthetic graphite. An estimated >35,000 t of natural graphite anode was used in 2015 out of a total lithium battery anode demand of >75,000 t (Pillot 2016). Anode graphite demand is anticipated to rise to between 250,000 and 400,000 t by 2020, mostly to service projected increased sales of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles (Benchmark Mineral Intelligence 2016). Assuming use of natural graphite in anodes is 50%, a conversion efficiency of 50% would require ~400,000 t of quality flake graphite to meet the upper projection. This is in line with the Industrial Minerals Research forecast of ~360,000 t of flake graphite for anodes by 2020 (Patel 2017). Improvement in production efficiency of spherical graphite is expected from new resource developments that will produce higher grades of flake graphite product (95–98% Cg) and offer greater choice of flake size in the range 50–300 µm. Being more selective in the flake size range used to produce spherical graphite is one approach to achieving higher yields of anode product with specified median particle size (varies from 5 to 25 µm depending on the battery device; Moores 2016).
Expandable flake graphite
Demand for expandable natural flake graphite is also expected to increase, principally for use as a fire retardant additive in foam, plastic and various construction materials (Ghilotti 2016). For this use, suitable flake graphite is intercalated with a chemical species (e.g. halogens, sulfate, nitrate, organic acids, ferric chloride) which will rapidly gasify at high temperatures causing the graphite to exfoliate/expand to between 80 and 300 times. Coarse flakes (>300 µm) show the highest expansion but finer sizes (<150 µm) are preferred for some applications. On expansion, graphite retards the spread of fire and minimises the creation of toxic gases and fumes. Expanded graphite can also be interlocked and compressed to give an essentially flat, flexible, integrated graphite foil, which is widely used as gaskets and seals (Chung 1987), with potential use also as a separation layer in fuel cells and redox flow batteries.
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms with tensile strength >100 times that of steel, and with much higher electrical and heat conductivity than copper or silver (Novoselov et al. 2012). Potential applications include batteries, supercapacitors, electronic, energy storage, water desalination, adsorbents, surface coatings and biomedical, although new products are mostly still in research and development. Graphene, or graphene-like products comprising several layers of carbon atoms, can be derived from natural graphite by chemical oxidation and exfoliation to give a graphene oxide product (Tung et al. 2016), which can then be reduced using amino acids to give nanosheets with fewer oxygen groups and good stability in aqueous dispersions (Tran, Kabiri and Losic 2014). Highest quality graphene coatings are produced synthetically (Novoselov et al. 2012). Demand for graphene from natural graphite or synthetic sources is still exceedingly small and the impact on existing markets or the requirements for new markets await further commercial developments.
Other developing markets
Technologies already developed that could impact future demand for graphite include fuel cells, where hydrogen and oxygen are reacted via a proton-exchange graphite membrane to generate electrical energy and water, redox flow batteries, and pebble-bed nuclear reactors, where uranium fuel pellets are encased in nuclear-grade graphite pebbles, ~60 mm in diameter. Further commercialisation of these technologies would substantially increase the demand for graphite, although the specification for very low levels of impurities presently favours synthetic graphite over purified natural graphite.
The current slowdown in steel manufacture worldwide has resulted in an oversupply of graphite and a reduction from the high prices achieved during 2011–12 (Fig. 5). Growth in the near term will be driven by developments in the battery market and the steel industry, but future opportunities for growth in graphite markets clearly exist across various emerging technologies.
South Australian natural graphite
Numerous graphite occurrences have been recorded in Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic rocks on Eyre Peninsula in the southern Gawler Craton (Fig. 7). Occurrences of graphite from Sleaford Bay, south of Port Lincoln, to Kimba in the north were reported shortly after European settlement of the region in the late 1800s to early 1900s (Brown 1908). Many of these were prospected extensively during the 1910s and 1920s when imports of graphite from Sri Lanka and India were restricted during World War I. Minor graphite production from the Uley and Koppio mines took place between 1928 and 1951 to supplement Australian requirements for graphite in steelmaking, when imports from Sri Lanka and Madagascar were halted during World War II (Valentine 1994). Historic production of a few thousand tonnes has come largely from the Uley graphite mine, which has been revived on two occasions. Market demand and prices for natural graphite, however, have, to date, not been sustained at sufficiently high levels to justify the cost of extraction and beneficiation, despite the confirmation of substantial resources.
A dramatic increase in the price for graphite during 2010–12 sparked renewed interest in graphite exploration. The latter price rise was due to strong demand for graphite in steelmaking, restructure of Chinese graphite mines that restricted output from the world's leading suppliers, and anticipated additional increase in demand for natural flake graphite, principally for lithium-ion batteries. Exploration resulted in further discoveries on Eyre Peninsula and subsequent resource drilling at Uley, Kookaburra Gully, Koppio, Campoona, Wilclo South, Oakdale, Oakdale East and Siviour deposits (Fig. 7).
Total graphite resources across all Eyre Peninsula deposits, as at June 2017, exceeds 100 Mt with grades ranging from 3 to 17% TGC, for ~8.6 Mt of in situ graphite (Table 3). The resources and grades are significant in terms of current world demand for natural crystalline flake graphite of ~0.5 Mtpa, but are an order of magnitude smaller than resources with comparable, or higher, grades discovered recently in northern Mozambique and southern Tanzania. Graphite deposits are not rare globally. The viability of individual deposits is a function of competitive supply and demand, influenced by economic factors of development, processing and transport costs, and also physical characteristics of the graphite product in terms of particle size and shape and the composition and characteristics of impurities (Fig. 8).
Table 3 Resource estimates (JORC) for graphite deposits on Eyre Peninsula at June 2017
|Mineral Resources*
|Million tonnes (Mt)
|Grade (% TGC)
|Contained graphite (t)
|Cutoff (% TGC)
|Campoona Shaft (Archer Exploration 2014)
| Measured
| 0.339
| 14.8
| 50,000
| –
|Kookaburra Gully (Lincoln Minerals 2017a)
| Measured
| 0.50
| 12.3
| 61,000
| –
|Koppio (Lincoln Minerals 2015)
| Inferred (D1)
Inferred (D2)
| 1.85
| 9.8
| 180,000
| 5
| Oakdale (Oakdale 2015)
Oakdale East (Oakdale 2015)
| Indicated
| 2.69
| 4.7
| 126,000
| –
|Siviour (Renascor Resources 2017a)
| Indicated
| 51.8
| 8.1
| 4,200,000
| –
|Uley – Main Road deposit / Pit 2 (Valence Industries 2015)
| Measured
| 0.36
| 17.1
| 60,000
| –
|Wilclo South (Monax Mining 2013)
| Inferred
| 6.38
| 8.8
| 550,000
| –
|Grand total
* Mineral resources data rounded down to nearest 1,000 t, and one decimal place for grade.
Exploration and mining
Graphite exploration and mining activity in South Australia prior to 1993 is described in Valentine (1994), which includes a summary of known graphite occurrences. While early discoveries were the result of surface observations, most deposits are highly conductive and their extent below shallow cover is effectively mapped using airborne and ground electrical geophysical methods (Barrett and Dentith 2003). Graphite content and quality are assessed by drilling, usually a combination of rotary air blast, aircore, reverse circulation (RC) and diamond core. Structural complexity of individual deposits is a factor in the amount of core drilling required for resource estimation. Throughout the region, thick regolith is widespread, predominantly as weathered bedrock but also as thin cover of unconsolidated aeolian and fluvial sediments. Deeply weathered bedrock can provide an advantage in low-cost open pit excavation with little or no requirement for blasting in the upper 30–100 m of orebodies. The variable effects of weathering, however, need to be assessed along with other factors affecting graphite recovery, and the grade and quality of the graphite product.
Regional geology
Graphite mineralisation on Eyre Peninsula occurs as disseminated flake graphite in late Archean Sleaford Complex granulite formed during the Sleaford Orogeny (c. 2450 Ma), and in Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks recrystallised at high metamorphic grade during the 1730–1690 Ma Kimban Orogeny. Peak metamorphic conditions of 8–9 kbar and 820–850 °C (Dutch, Hand and Kelsey 2010) affected Paleoproterozoic rocks forming a north–south belt of tightly folded metasedimentary rocks adjacent to the Kalinjala Mylonite Zone (Fig. 7). Flake graphite deposits within this belt are hosted by Hutchison Group metasedimentary rocks, originally deposited as marine sand and silty clay, with carbonate and banded iron formation. Carbon isotope δ13C values for graphite from the Uley and Koppio mines cluster around –25‰ (Taylor and Berry 1990). This is consistent with carbon derived from an organic sedimentary source, principally algal or bacterial remains that accumulated during times of relatively low detrital or chemical sediment input. The organic matter was converted to graphite during high-grade metamorphism. Graphite distribution is essentially stratigraphically controlled, with minor remobilisation within shear zones.
Deposits and occurrences
Uley mine
Uley graphite mine was worked initially in 1928–29 and again in 1941–45 and 1990–93. Re-opening the Uley mine in the early 1990s was in response to increasing price for refractory-grade flake graphite. The price dropped sharply in 1992 when China entered the global graphite market with access to local, large resources and the support of a rapidly expanding local steel industry. Most recent operations to restart the Uley mine in 2015, by Valence Industries Limited, were suspended in early 2016 pending modifications to the metallurgical circuit; attempts to raise the necessary capital failed and the company was placed in voluntary administration in July 2016.
Disseminated crystalline flake graphite, 0.1–2 mm diameter, is present in biotite–quartz schist and quartz–feldspar–biotite ± garnet gneiss, equated with Hutchison Group, metamorphosed at upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies. Ore zones are graphitic lenses typically grading >6% Cg, which are up to 12 m thick and tightly folded. Open-cut mining during the 1990s was on the hinge of a broad anticlinorium that plunges shallowly to the north-northeast (Fig. 9). Graphitic layers are locally thickened in asymmetric, tight to isoclinal, upright to overturned mesofolds, commonly with shearing along the synclinal axes (Fig. 10). Weathering of the ore zone extends to at least 50 m depth; within the weathered zone, graphite-bearing biotite schist is mostly altered to clay with variable iron oxide content and residual primary quartz. The upper 15 m is dominated by kaolinite with secondary patches of carbonate that become aggregated to form a 0.5–3.0 m thick hardpan directly above the watertable. The patches of dominantly calcite cement, present throughout the vadose zone and forming the extensive hardpan, result from precipitation of calcium remobilised from calcarenite dunes, which form a thin surficial cover across the site. At depths below ~15 m, kaolinite and nontronite clays predominate with remnant patches of weathered biotite (Keeling, Raven and Gates 2000). Graphite recovery by flotation is more effective, in terms of high product grade and coarse particle size, for ore extracted from below the zone of secondary carbonate cement (Keeling 2000). Distribution of coarse flake graphite (>250 µm) is irregular, but occurs particularly at the margins of pegmatitic leucosomes, formed by localised melting, and in the hinge zone of late-stage folds. Fine-grained graphite (<150 µm) is dominant in the upper section of the weathered profile and in graphitic shear zones. Uley graphite ore can be processed by conventional flotation to give products with 91–95% Cg in various size ranges from >500 µm through to 45–75 µm (McNally 1997).
Uley is one deposit in a broad zone of graphite mineralisation on southern Eyre Peninsula termed the Mikkira Graphite Province (Fig. 7). The province was outlined by CRA Exploration in the 1980s using airborne electromagnetic (EM) methods with follow-up drilling to confirm graphite as the cause of several large conductive anomalies. The SIROTEM ground EM technique was effective at Uley to map the continuation of subsurface graphitic units (Fig. 9), leading to discovery of high-grade extensions to the ore zone, ~0.5 km south of the existing workings (Barrett and Dentith 2003). The original open cut was later abandoned and flooded to serve as water storage for the refurbished graphite treatment plant. A new pit, Main Road Pit or Uley Pit 2, was commenced in 2015 on a high-grade extension on the eastern limb of the anticline. At this site the fold limb is interpreted as overturned to recumbent, with tightly folded graphitic layers in an overall ~30° dip west-northwesterly. Total graphite resources to ~100 m depth are 4.54 Mt at 11.6% TGC for 520,000 t of contained graphite at cutoff grade 3.5% TGC (Table 3).
Koppio mine
Koppio graphite mine, 32 km north of Port Lincoln, was worked in the 1940s with 100 t mined from underground workings and trucked to Port Lincoln for processing. The ore zone is a series of steeply dipping (60–75° ESE) lenses of graphitic schist of aggregate thickness 10–30 m within Hutchison Group metasediments. Aircore and RC drilling during 2014 by Lincoln Minerals confirmed graphite over a strike length of >570 m and extending from surface to at least 100 m depth. The inferred resource for a nominal cutoff grade of 5% TGC is 1.85 Mt at 9.8% TGC for 180,000 t of contained graphite. Historic flotation and gravity separation tests on representative ore taken from a drive at the base of a 12 m deep shaft reported only 12% of recovered graphite was >150 µm flake size grading 90.0% C, which included 3.7% >500 µm (Gartrell and Blaskett 1943).
Kookaburra Gully deposit
Graphite at Kookaburra Gully, 3 km north of Koppio mine, is hosted by high metamorphic grade schist and gneiss of Hutchison Group. Graphitic schist forms a series of lenses that strike NE–SW and dip southeasterly at 40–50°, but locally steepen to 80°. Preliminary evaluation of the deposit was made by Pancontinental Mining Ltd in the 1980s, but not pursued due to the high proportion of <150 µm flake graphite (Meares 1987). The project was revisited by Lincoln Minerals in 2012 following increase in the price for graphite and the possibility of new markets (Lincoln Minerals 2012).
The deposit is located in gently undulating topography of the Koppio Hills, with maximum relief ~90 m. Bedrock is variably weathered, depending on lithology and landscape position. Depth of weathering exceeds 30 m in the uplands where the watertable is ~40 m below ground surface. The ore zone is typically 15–20 m wide with graphite grading 5–35% Cg. Discontinuous lenses of dolomitic marble underlie portions of the graphitic schist, which is broadly intercalated with quartz–biotite schist and biotite–quartz–feldspar gneiss with minor interlayered amphibolite. Garnet, sillimanite and tourmaline are present in minor to trace amounts.
The graphitic lenses extend along strike for >500 m and are interpreted as tightly folded layers of an antiformal structure that plunges south-southwesterly. An airborne EM survey, flown in 2012 for Lincoln Minerals, shows conductive structures that continue to the southwest, with repetition of highly conductive zones at the Kookaburra Gully Extended prospect (Fig. 11). Aircore and RC drilling during early 2017 confirmed extensive graphite mineralisation of variable grade and thickness below 2–30 m alluvium and weathered bedrock cover (Lincoln Minerals 2017).
Preliminary metallurgy on surface trench and aircore samples from Kookaburra Gully deposit indicate that a graphite concentrate with 93–97% Cg and flake size 20–150 µm diameter can be recovered after grinding the ore to <600 µm followed by four stages of flotation, cleaning and regrinding (Parsons Brinckerhoff 2015). Recovery of flake sizes >150 µm varied between 2 and 24% at grades 93–98% Cg. Drilling and trenching have outlined a resource of 2.94 Mt at 11.4% TGC, at cutoff grade >2% TGC, containing 335,000 t of graphite. A mineral lease (ML 6460) covering the Kookaburra Gully deposit was granted on 3 June 2016.
Siviour deposit, Arno Bay
The Siviour graphite deposit is a well-defined EM conductor anomaly, elongated ~3 km W–E and ~0.6 km wide, that was outlined during an EM survey flown in 2006–07 by Cameco Ltd in the search for uranium mineralisation. Follow-up drilling by Cameco included one cored hole, CRD0090, near the eastern extent of the conductor. This intersected graphite mineralisation (Paxtons prospect) commencing at 67.7 m, but the graphite was not tested at the time. Subsequent analyses in 2014, on the core sample lodged with the South Australia Drill Core Reference Library, returned 12.4 m at 8.1% Cg, with over 40% of the graphite concentrate having flake size >150 µm. In 2015 a drill traverse across the central portion of the EM anomaly intersected high-grade, coarse-flake graphite at depths of 26 to 55 m below surface. Resource definition drilling by Renascor Resources Limited, during 2015–17, delineated a tabular, mostly flat-lying, graphitic biotite–quartz–feldspar schist with abundant coarse flake graphite for a total resource of 80.6 Mt at 7.9% TGC, at cutoff grade 3% TGC, containing 6.4 Mt of graphite (Table 3). The graphite ore zone averages 20 m thickness, at a depth of 10 to 25 m below surficial cover sediments and weathered calc-silicate bedrock capped by calcrete. The extent of graphite mineralisation was reassessed in early 2017 using a helicopter EM survey to confirm the overall flat-lying shape of the orebody and to locate near-surface extensions to mineralisation along strike (Renascor Resources 2017b; Fig. 12).
Metallurgical test work on drill core samples using a conventional graphite flotation circuit gave graphite concentrates averaging 94% Cg, including recovery of a high proportion of coarse flake graphite (33% >180 µm; Table 4; Renascor Resources 2017a). The deposit is the largest coarse-grained, high-grade, flake graphite resource yet discovered on the Eyre Peninsula.
Table 4 Siviour deposit flake graphite size distribution
|Flake category
|Particle size range (µm)
|Distribution (%)
|Very fine (amorphous)
Source: Renascor Resources (2017a).
Oakdale deposit
Oakdale graphite prospect is the only graphite resource reliably associated with Neoarchean (c. 2540 Ma) rocks on the Eyre Peninsula. Graphite was noted in shallow drilling by BHP Billiton in 2001 while investigating magnetic anomalies associated with mafic volcanics prospective for volcanic-hosted massive sulfide mineralisation. Subsequent diamond drilling on a strong, ground EM conductor confirmed the high conductance was due to thick intervals of graphite and sulfide, modelled as dipping at 50° to the southwest. Graphitic schist and gneiss are intercalated over a 200 m wide zone of lower granulite facies, feldspar–sillimanite–quartz–pyrrhotite gneiss and marble, with calc-silicates and interbedded mafic volcanic rocks. The graphitic zones typically have a high pyrrhotite content, and are flanked by komatiite.
Projection of the graphitic zone, up dip, outlined areas of near-surface graphite at sites designated as Oakdale and Oakdale East. These were tested by shallow aircore and diamond drilling. Oakdale deposit is up to 500 m wide and extends along strike for 1.5 km. A combined resource of 6.31 Mt at 4.7% TGC, containing 296,000 t of graphite was established within mostly weathered bedrock, below ~20 m of Cenozoic sedimentary cover. The graphitic saprolite, or oxidised zone, is a maximum 30–40 m in thickness, clay-rich and can be mined without blasting or primary crushing. Preliminary metallurgy on ore from the saprolite zone yielded a high proportion (~60%) of coarse to fine flake graphite >75 µm, including ~1% jumbo-sized flakes >425 µm (Oakdale Resources 2015). Clay (kaolinite and nontronite) coating and intercalated with graphite can be reduced by desliming to remove the <15 µm fraction, followed by secondary grinding/attritioning and flotation, to give a product with >90% Cg. Further upgrading to >98% TGC is achievable with acid treatment. The graphite product has a high proportion of thin flakes, mostly <30 µm thick, with many flakes only 3–6 µm in thickness.
Cleve–Kimba district
Numerous graphite occurrences exist throughout the Cleve–Kimba district (Fig. 13). Drilling by Archer Exploration Limited in 2008 on copper–gold targets in the region returned thick intersections of weathered graphitic schist, which subsequently became a focus of exploration across the company's tenements.
Sugarloaf prospect. At Sugarloaf, existing airborne EM and drillhole data were reinterpreted, in light of graphitic carbon analyses on recently acquired drill samples. A geological target, with potential for 40–70 Mt grading 10–12% graphite, was developed based on a tight, upright antiformal structural model with steeply dipping limbs in which graphitic layers average 40 m thickness over 2.5–4 km strike length, along a NE–SW-trending fold axis. The graphitic schists are interlayered with banded iron formation and chloritic schist and gneiss. The schists are deeply weathered to ~80 m, coinciding with the present-day watertable. Subsequent investigations, during 2011–12, showed the graphite content is up to 30%, but is present mostly as very fine grained aggregates of variably crystalline carbon arranged in a matted and porous structure with poor electrical conducting properties. The mineralogy is dominantly silica and graphite with subordinate clay, chlorite, biotite and trace levels of sulfur from weathered sulfide. The graphite appears to have low commercial value but the potential large size of the deposit and its unusual properties raised the possibility for use as a soil conditioner on sandy soils. Preliminary investigations show that Sugarloaf graphite, in raw or modified form, improves soil wettability and water retention, and is a source of leachable macronutrients (Ca, Mg, K, S, P) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn) required for plant growth (Archer Exploration 2015).
Campoona Shaft deposit. The Campoona Shaft deposit is a zone of steeply dipping graphitic schist layers hosted in upper amphibolite facies paragneiss, equated with Mount Shannan Iron Formation within the Hutchison Group. The near-surface graphitic zone is 10–40 m true width, extends to beyond 100 m depth, and is a minimum 560 m in length. The zone is a composite of one thick tabular graphite schist unit and five thinner graphitic layers that strike 045°and dip 85° northwest. Total resources of 2.23 Mt at 12.3% TGC, at cutoff grade 5% TGC, provide 273,000 t of graphite contained within a zone extending from the surface to 150 m depth. The graphitic host rocks are highly weathered to 50–60 m depth with kaolinite and quartz as the principal gangue minerals. Effects of weathering extend to at least 100 m. Preliminary metallurgy, by Archer Exploration, on graphite from the highly weathered zone favours conventional fine-grinding and flotation to liberate a mostly fine-grained graphite product, <75 µm diameter, that is well-crystalline and can be separated at high grades of 95% to 99% Cg without acid treatment (Archer Exploration 2013). Acid treatment, using dilute hydrofluoric acid, yields a product with >99% Cg.
Central Campoona and Lacroma prospects. Central Campoona is located 2 km southwest of Campoona Shaft and is a 1.4 km linear zone of steeply dipping pods of graphitic schist, offset by faults. One pod, ~200 m long, was tested by drilling to establish an inferred resource of 0.5 Mt at 11.6% TGC. The graphite ore characteristics are similar to ore from the Campoona Shaft deposit. Lacroma prospect is 30 km north-northwest of Campoona Shaft and on a north–south linear EM anomaly that extends for ~12 km. Drill intersections of up to 60 m of graphitic schist grading 6.8% TGC provided graphite samples with similar characteristics also to graphite ore from Campoona Shaft. These and other graphite prospects in the district are regarded as possible satellite sources for a proposed processing facility to produce high-grade, fine-grained crystalline graphite, based initially on development of resources at Campoona Shaft (Archer Exploration 2015).
Wilclo South prospect. Historical observations of graphite occurrence and previous drillhole data were used by Monax Mining Limited, together with regional airborne EM data, to identify anomalies prospective for high-grade graphite. Several targets were identified during 2012, which included the Wilclo South anomaly in probable Hutchison Group. Evidence of graphite was located in surface outcrop and depth continuity was tested by RC drilling, which confirmed graphitic schist with ~15% TGC over 8.5 and 15 m intervals. A ground EM survey (NanoTEM method) with 20 m loop and 10 m stations was used to map the extent and attitude of subsurface conductors. The presence of a continuous zone of shallow, easterly dipping conductors was identified over 2 km strike length. Inferred resources of 6.38 Mt at 8.8% TGC were outlined in a program of 79 RC drill holes, to a maximum depth 120 m, and 2 diamond core holes (Monax Mining 2013). A zone ~70 m thick with up to seven individual layers of graphitic quartz–mica schist, 1–17 m in thickness (av. 3.7 m) and dipping 20–30° easterly was traced over a strike length of ~1.4 km. The graphitic units are interlayered with quartz–feldspar gneiss and minor amphibolite above a footwall of dominantly amphibolite. Tight folding, reverse faulting and variable depth of oxidation are evident in drill samples. Coarse-grained graphite is present in the deposit with ~30% of flake sizes >180 µm, including ~5% with flake size >425 µm. The prospect was included with the sale of the exploration tenement to Archer Exploration in July 2014.
Recent mineral exploration in South Australia has confirmed that various styles of high-grade graphite mineralisation are broadly distributed across the Eyre Peninsula. The discovery, in 2015, of the Siviour graphite deposit highlights the potential for further discovery of globally significant graphite resources in the region and the role of airborne EM as an effective exploration approach in locating and delineating shallow deposits.
Graphitic carbon markets are experiencing major change, driven by slowing global steel production, rapid growth in demand for batteries, and uncertainties around the adoption of emerging technologies. Evolving markets offer new opportunities for natural graphite, but with increased competition from synthetic graphite and alternative technologies. Participation in growth markets will be complex and dynamic. Large high-grade resources of flake graphite with low mining costs and good infrastructure are more likely to be successfully developed, although smaller deposits with special properties could find a market niche. Careful study of the characteristics of individual graphite deposits will assist in determining whether metallurgical options and processes can deliver products that are preferred in the marketplace, offer flexibility across various markets, or might justify further processing for higher value products with improved returns.
Recent geological information on graphite deposits was compiled from public company releases, in particular reports and presentations by J Parker (Lincoln Minerals), G Anderson (Archer Exploration), G Ferris (Monax Mining), J Lynch (Oakdale Resources) and D Christensen (Renascor Resources). The paper was improved with constructive feedback provided by Marc Twining.
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A full 83% of UK pharma professionals say the UK will not be an attractive destination for healthcare research and manufacturing after Brexit, a new poll reveals.
The news coincides with new UK government economic analysis which admits that any form of Brexit will hit the economy, with pharma among the worst hit in the even of a no deal exit.
Industry analysts GlobalData have been conducting quarterly Brexit polls of pharma professionals in the UK, Europe and the US in 2018, and the latest Q3 survey shows a significant dip in sentiment.
Confidence has dropped sharply from a high of 48% who said the UK would be an attractive destination in Q1 2018, hitting a low of just 17% who said it would be in the latest survey.
The survey comes just days ahead of a crucial vote in the House of Commons on 11 December, when Prime Minister Theresa May will seek to gain MPs backing for her now-agreed deal with the EU.
However it looks almost certain to be rejected by the Commons, leaving all sides having to prepare for several scenarios – from a tweaking of the deal, to a second referendum or even a no deal Brexit. This is something which businesses and economists have warned against, and the Conservatives and Labour have both said they will try to avert, but the political gridlock means this remains a real possibility.
Commenting on the survey results, Alexandra Annis, MS, Managing Healthcare Analyst at GlobalData, said:
"Sentiment on this question has potentially been affected by the considerable amount of negative press associated with Brexit's likely impact on the healthcare sector over the past three months. Stories such as the NHS requiring drug makers to stockpile drugs in preparation for a 'no-deal' Brexit and pharma companies like Sanofi and Novartis increasing medicine stockpiles, and AstraZeneca halting UK investments over Brexit uncertainties likely played a part in negatively affecting industry professionals confidence in the UK."
GlobalData says the largest difference in attitudes to Brexit is seen in the US, where respondents seemed less concerned about potential negative impacts. Less than 20% of respondents in the UK and EU viewed the UK as an attractive destination for healthcare research and manufacturing post Brexit, whereas pharma professionals in the US were more optimistic with 38% believing that this will be the case.
This will be good news for the UK government, which is trying to maintain inward investment into the country from the sector, despite the huge uncertainty caused by Brexit.
The government is understood to have an updated Life Sciences Sector Deal ready to announce – however the benefits of this could be dwarfed by Brexit and its potential outcomes. This could include the UK leaving the EU regulatory structure completely, including EMA alignment in the event of a no deal Brexit.
Government candid on economic impact
After a long period of evading questions about the economic impact of Brexit, the government this week produced a candid assessment of the effects of different Brexit outcomes.
Chancellor Philip Hammond stated that compared with remaining in the EU, any form of Brexit will leave the UK financially worse off, but said May's negotiated deal "minimises the economic impact while providing political benefits".
The accompanying Long-term economic analysis of EU Exit also suggested that pharmaceuticals (as part of a Chemicals, pharmaceuticals, rubber and plastic grouping) particularly affected by a no deal Brexit.
The Fishawack Group of Companies is one of the largest independent medical communications and medical marketing specialists, with teams in...


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—Publishers Weekly (starred review)
Whether they spot themselves in Charlie or Lola, young ones will enjoy this exuberant, hilarious spin on a bedtime story.
Once again, Child tackles a common childhood conundrum with imagination and zip.
—Los Angeles Times
Colors shock…Details delight…Charlie's and Lola's expressive body language and facial features will be easily recognized by all. An inventive, entertaining bedtime tale.
—Kirkus Reviews


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