text:
We work on balancing the conservation of marine ecosystems with human uses of the oceans. We aim to bring ecological complexity to the planning tools used to inform decision making.
We are also interested in the impacts of climate change to marine ecosystems.
Read more about our research team or our research on our blog or check out our publications.
We are currently funded by the Australian Research Council (2018-2020) on a project Predicting interactive effects of multiple stressors on marine ecosystems. We aim to develop new models that can make predictions reliable enough to inform management of ecosystems, and that are effective when data are limited.
Existing approaches predict that the impacts of multiple stressors accumulate in an additive and linear way. Our proposed approach can predict that multiple stressors interact to have non-linear effects on ecosystems.
The Global Wetlands Project is a major new program of research looking at mapping the health of seagrass, mangroves and saltmarsh globally to inform on conservation actions.
We are currently funded by the National Environmental Science Program to develop Economic-Environmental accounts for Northern Australia and Coastal ecosystems
Visit the page of our open access projects to learn more, access code or download data.
A global database of fish-habitat associations
An online tool for predicting carbon emissions from deforestation
Our research applies both mathematical models and statistical analysis.
We specialise in integrating ecologically complex models with tools for informing decision makers. We also work with large databases of the marine environment.
We use the R programming language and teach R to others. Chris' teaching resources are on this site and are open-access.
Designed by Chris Brown. Source on Github


text:
Civil War History: Homework Help
- Course type: Self-paced
- Available Lessons: 86
- Average Lesson Length: 8 min
Eligible for Certificate:
Certificate completed
Certificates show that you have completed the course. They do not provide credit.
Watch a preview:chapter 1 / lesson 1American Political, Religious & Personal Identity in the Early 19th Century
Course SummaryLet us help you get through the Civil War topics you're learning about in history class with this engaging homework help course. You can watch video lessons on just the topics you're struggling with or review the whole course to help you complete your homework assignments or to study for a test.
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9 chapters in Civil War History: Homework Help
Course Practice TestCheck your knowledge of this course with a 50-question practice test.
- Comprehensive test covering all topics
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Who's it for?
Anyone enrolled in a Civil War history course should consider using this homework help resource. You will be able to complete your homework assignments faster, retain the critical knowledge longer and earn better grades.
How it works:
- Identify which concepts are covered on your Civil War history homework.
- Find videos on those topics within this resource.
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- Complete sample questions and get instant feedback.
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Why it works:
- Efficient: Short videos will make you ready to complete your homework assignment in as little as five minutes.
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Topics from your homework you'll be able to complete:
- 19th century American life
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text:
[Excerpt from Michael Speaks: September 2009]
[Question] What benefit is studying the Michael teaching now – from the point of view of future lives – if we shall presumably be completely ignorant of it then? In rare instances it may have helped to deal sensibly with a karmic etc. situation, but otherwise it seems to be mainly theory for most, and thus forgotten after this life.
[Michael Entity]
We cannot predict how a future life of yours will see a past life of itself, or what a future Personality will allow into its life that was gained from the comprehension you gain in this life, but we can say that the effort to gain comprehension of your life is not a wasted effort, because the concern is not about the future life; it is about you, now.
Reincarnation is valid. Simultaneous (parallel) lives, Concurrent lives, Past lives, and Future lives, even "adjacent" lives (which we have barely begun to explore with our students) are all valid, but these have no bearing on what you choose to do for you. Now. In this life.
No matter how many lives your Essence lives, this life is yours. It begins and ends in a profound way that is unique only to you and what you do between those points is your choice.
However, in terms of how a future life might benefit from what you learn in this life, we can only use you as an example of a future Personality of your own Essence's past. You found us again. You are studying with us again. And you are using what you learn again. You found us faster in this lifetime than in other lifetimes, and you call us by a more accurate name this time. From our perspective, what "you" did as "Madge" or "Buford" in your past is clearly showing up as part of what "you" are building upon in this life. But we would also say that for most, this claim would mean little to the current Personality.
[Comment] The teaching is mostly just words.
[Michael Entity]
The interpretation of our teaching as being merely words is a matter of interpretation and application. Some of our students do not choose to apply our teaching, but simply choose to study it, or explore it. For those who apply it, our teaching becomes something very different. All interpretations are valid, as far as we are concerned. We find the truth to be that "everything" is theory, or just words, until it is applied.
Keep in mind that many children sit for hours in classrooms learning subjects that are of little interest or understanding of their real world application until they are in situations where that learning is activated and applicable within context. Learning CPR is something many may never have to apply, but the learning was not lost, nor was it merely "words," simply because it was not necessary to apply it somewhere in the future. Many things learned may never have any bearing on your current life in the end.
For many of our students, the exploration of our teaching is a wide net that catches what might be used, and a lot of what might not be used within the current lifetime.
We can only say to you that what you choose to explore, study, and/or apply is always added to Essence's knowledge, but we will never be able to "prove" this to you, and we would not wish to, anyway. What we wish to emphasize is that you have a choice. A choice in what to explore, a choice in what to apply, and if the power of your choice is the only thing any of you ever learn from us, you have learned what we came to teach.
The rest of our teaching is simply our suggestion of tools for how to utilize Choice.
- 22


text:
Why It Is Beneficial To Consider A Pool Inspection and Maintenance Company
When you talk of the good pool it can only be said from the aspect of being maintained and inspected. There are some instances where you can work on it on your own, and there are some other aspects you will have to inquire about professional services. The professionals take their time to go through the pool and identify any area that requires attention and attend to it. Regular professional pool maintenance can benefit your firm in many ways.
Time is a valuable asset that you can never underrate. It is quite perfect for one to achieve some of these things and that is why you need to save on time. All you need is to take your time and relax as they work on the same. It saves your time so that you may take care of other commitments in the firm. No one wants to be bothered by how things are done and what often happens times. You want to invest your time in bringing more productivity in the firm, and that is what these service providers ensure you have.
It helps you to keep well supported on the value of the pool. Experts never disappoint, and that is what you should be careful about. What you realize later is that the value of your pool increases when it has been handled by experts. Remember that you have invested significantly towards this pool and you do not want it to depreciate due to poor maintenance. You better spend more money to ensure that you get the value right. People want to engage in pools that make them feel worth. It can cause many people to be drawn to the facility which means they will bring more income to the firm.
You are exposed to excellent ideas and guidance. They are well versed with all the information and tips to keep your pool exceptional. They not only take care of the pool but also give the necessary tips that will help you cultivate a productive culture for more revenue. The best way to do an inspection is regularly. It enables the owner to know the most endangered outcomes that can be rectified within the shortest time possible for better results and outcome in the end.
Finally, you will get to save a lot of money in the long run. When the pool is regularly maintained, you are likely not to encounter major problems. Big emergencies are the ones that can consume your time and money in a big way. It encompasses some activities that ensures the pool is functioning appropriately. This way, you will continue to enjoy the pool services without the fear of having some urgency requiring you money.
What Almost No One Knows About Maintenance


text:
Leaving Idyllshire
From Final Fantasy XIV A Realm Reborn Wiki
Leaving Idyllshire
- Quest giver
- Slowfix
- Location
- Idyllshire (X:7, Y:6)
- Quest line
- Heavensward Main Scenario
- Level
- 58
- Experience
- 81,600
- Gil
- 475
- Previous quest
- An Illuminati Incident
- Next quest
- Matoya's Cave (Quest)
- Patch
- 3.0
A grateful Slowfix is ready to grant you your heart's desire.
— In-game description
- Optional rewards
- Speak with the gobwatch.
- Speak with Y'shtola.
- In a simple ceremony, Slowfix names you and your companions honored citizens of Idyllshire, thus according you the right to cross the Thaliak River. Speak with the gobwatch when you are ready to continue your journey.
- The gobwatch has cleared your path of rubble. Speak with Y'shtola to learn about your next destination.
- According to Y'shtola, Matoya's Cave is but a short distance away. The end of your journey is in sight.


text:
Our Sustainability Journey
Our Progress
Our sustainability journey began in 2006 when MCI organised the European Growth Summit in Barcelona, inviting Al Gore as keynote speaker. Still relatively unknown for his environmental work, ex-Vice-President Gore shared his view of an "Inconvenient Truth," referring to the current state of the planet and future climate change challenges. The MCI board – present at the event – decided that MCI needed to develop and launch a comprehensive sustainability strategy.


text:
Leap Day: Dutch celebration
Leap Day – Timelapse
Timelapse is a 2018 compilation by Dutch band Leap Day, celebrating their 10th anniversary.
The album featuring three previously unreleased tracks. Leap Day is a sextet with two keyboards player, and that more than indicate that there are plenty of tangents in the sound picture.
Leap Day first album Awaken The Muse is considered of many as their best. The events leading up to the band formation started when the drummer Koen Roozen (Flamborough Head) had been looking for musicians with a desire to play symphonic rock to cooperate with, and in his search met keyboardist Derk Evert Waalkens (King Eider) who also were looking for like-minded musicians. Shortly after vocalist Jos Harteveld (Pink Floyd Project) joined this so far unnamed project.
Roozen and Waalkens then started discussing the possibilities of performing the King Eider material at Progfarm 2007. Guitarist Hans Gerritse (King Eider) liked this idea and hooked up for this project, along bassist Peter Stel (Nice Beaver). They needed another keyboard player for this gig though, and Gert Van Engelenburg was asked to join.
After a very successful gig at the ProgFarm festival in 2007 a record deal with OSKAR Records Poland was signed later this year. Gerritse left the band short after the Progfarm and Eddie Mulder took his place. On the 29th of February 2008 they baptised themselves Leap Day.


text:
By ELIZABETH THOMAS, ABC News
(NEW YORK) — In an appearance on ABC's The View, Republican Sen. Tim Scott R.-S.C, touted his efforts to combat the disproportionate and devastating affect coronavirus has had on the African-American community.
Scott was tapped by President Donald Trump to help address the staggering death and unemployment rates in minority communities due to COVID-19. During his interview on The View he highlighted his close relationship with the president and gave insight into the advice he's given the president on increasing telemedicine efforts and awareness of the Paycheck Protection Program in the African-American community.
"If you live in the rural parts of South Carolina whether you're black or white the reality of it is getting to a doctor is harder than it's ever been, and frankly for a long time we told folks don't come to the hospital," Scott said. "Telemedicine can bridge that gap and we need to make sure that the reimbursement rates are such that people will be able to afford to use telemedicine as providers and letting people get there, so that's one of the pieces of advice I've given to the President. The second piece of advice I've given to the president that, as a former small business owner myself, we need to make sure that African American businesses are fully aware of the paycheck protection program we have about 100 billion dollars left that we need to deploy."
The GOP senator also said that he has encouraged the administration to prioritize testing for these communities at churches.
"In order for us to help communities of color have the right locations to go visit to get the test," Scott said. "Sometimes you're more likely to walk to the church in your neighborhood then you are to find a ride to a local pharmacy or hospital so I've encouraged the testing to be done at churches at CVS or pharmacies or hospitals I want that everywhere."
As the lone Black Republican Senator, Scott was called on by Trump following the killing of Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia and the release of the shocking video of his death.
"The video is really clear, that is murder 1 p.m. in the afternoon," Scott said. "I'm a black man that jogs too and I just thought to myself, 'Do I need to carry gun everywhere I go?' And I'm so frustrated by that video, so frustrated by the lack of response for six weeks, but I wanted the president to understand my frustration and my serious concern that we cannot afford to go back to a Jane's Byrd day in 1998 or Emmett Till's."
Scott also said that he has had ongoing conversations with the president about this deadly incident.
"I wanted the president to hear my thoughts on it and thankfully he called me that Friday evening, and we had a serious discussion about it," Scott said. "I was in the White House this weekend, we talked about it again, I was in there last weekend we talked about it again and I'm glad to see the Department of Justice is at least on the case."
Trump's rage with voting by mail
While the president has been relentlessly attacking voting by mail suggesting that it leads to voter fraud, Scott was hesitant to express the same sentiments. Sunny Hostin pressed Scott on why it is ok for Trump to vote via mail but not an everyday American.
"Let's talk about our election senator, just this week, Trump threatened to cut funds to states like Michigan and Nevada stemming from absentee ballots so people wouldn't have to travel to the polls in a pandemic," Hostin said. "But President Trump mailed in his own ballot this March, even though he was across the street from a polling site in Florida. Why is it okay for the President to vote by absentee ballot, but not for every American?"
"Well Sunny that's great question. I'll look forward to you asking the president that question," Scott said. "I'll just tell you that in South Carolina. If you are over a certain age or if you're at work, you have the ability to be able to vote, an absentee form. I think that's the case throughout this nation in different forms, different states do different ways. The good news is that a local, local counties and municipalities, really control most of the election process, along with the state so I think you'll continue to see a robust approach to early voting as relates to states who have it and then for reasons you can vote early and other states."
Copyright © 2020, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.


text:
I have been having a blast! Champ and I must have played on the floor for an hour yesterday. My foster mom kept saying, 'No!' 'Stop that!' You're going to get hurt!' Watch out for the cast!' but I didn't care. We rolled around, played with toys, jumped over tables and couches and shared a treat together. Buddy sat on the edge of the couch and watched us like we were crazy the whole time. He is much smaller, he may be afraid Champ and I would mistake him for a squeaky toy.
Champ left for work with my foster dad late morning so Buddy and I took a nap. Mom changed the sock over my cast and it didn't seem to bother me. I also had a treat to keep me busy.
If my family doesn't ask me if I need to go out when I need to, I start talking so they start asking me questions. When they ask if I want to got out, I cue the loud voice and bark. That has been working well.
In the afternoon, I jumped onto mom and dad's bed. No one shooed me off. I think I heard something like, "How did she get up there with a broken leg?" They looked at me and didn't say a thing. Having a broken leg is definitely an advantage. Who would tell a dog to get off the bed with a broken leg? Definitely not these people.
I go to my kennel for bed at 9 pm every night and I wake up between 6-7 am. When I wake up, I start talking to let everyone know that I want out ASAP. I bounce out of the kennel with lots of energy and I make my rounds throughout the house to say good morning to everyone I can find. I then have my breakfast followed by my medicine. This is becoming a familiar routine and it isn't so bad. I just don't understand why people do not have the energy I have!
Another thing I have learned: I cannot sneak up on anyone. I have heard more than a few times, 'Here comes Lula in her high heels.' The cast needs to go.
Have a great day! I am sharing a photo of me on mom and dad's bed.


text: The Benyamini Center Ceramic Art School caters for beginners as well experienced artists and designers who are interested in the ceramic medium. We offer a variety of courses and workshops including throwing, sculpture, hand building, decorating, drawing and idea development with a team of professional lecturers from different backgrounds. For more information, visit our Courses & Workshops page


text:
Medicine on Shabbat
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Revision as of 18:31, 15 November 2011 by YitzchakSultan (talk | contribs)
One of several rabbinic decrees that our Sages enacted in order to guard the sanctity of Shabbos concerns the use of medications. In the opinion and experience of the Rabbis, easy access to medicine could lead to the transgression of certain Shabbos Labors. While issuing the decree, however, the Rabbis were lenient in certain cases of those suffering pain or distress. [1] (See the footnote for some background[2]. The details of what's permissible and what's forbidden is described below:
If one has a minor condition
- If someone has a minor condition which hurts such as a tooth ache, throat ache, head ache, cold, and cough it is forbidden to take any medicine such as pills or drops. However, someone who is in a lot of pain and because of it he is in bed or his body is weakened such as a migraine it permitted to take a medicine. [3]
If one has a serious sickness
- If one has fever, feels weak all over, or feels bad enough to require bed rest, he can be classified as a "patient not dangerously ill" and he is permitted to take oral medications. [4]
- Since "requiring bed rest" and "weak all over" are subjective terms, it is up to each individual to determine his personal pain threshold. There is no requirement to be overly stringent when judging the degree of illness. [5]
Cleaning a wound
- It is permitted to clean and bandage a wound or to pour hydrogen peroxide over it. [6]
Using a band aid
- It is permitted to put on a band aid on a wound. [7]
- According to Ashkenazim, one should not remove a band aid on Shabbat if there is hair in the area of the band aid. However, if it is painful one may remove it. [8] However, Sephardim are more lenient as long as there is a need to remove it, it's permissible. [9]
- Braces may be worn on Shabbos because there is no medicine for aligning teeth properly. [10]
Specific treatments
- One may remove a splinter even if it may bleed, but one may remove if it will certainly bleed unless it is very painful. [11]
- One may remove a insect sting and rinse with ice water to prevent irritation but may not soak the soak the area in water. [12]
- One may take a walk in order to help digestion. [13]
Specific medicines
Foods and drinks
- Even someone with a minor ailment may eat food which healthy people eat even if one's intention is for improving one's health. For example, someone who has a head ache may eat honey, a lemon, or suck on candy. Someone who has a hoarse throat may swallow a raw egg. [14]
- Foods and drinks are permitted even when they are consumed for medicinal purposes. For example, one may have tea for a sore throat on Shabbos. [15]
- If the purpose of the vitamin is to serve as a food supplement it is permitted to take such a vitamin on Shabbat. [16]
- If the purpose of the vitamin is to strengthen a weak body or to relieve certain symptoms, in the opinion of many poskim, one may not take those vitamins on Shabbos. [17]
Elective surgery
- One should make sure to schedule a non emergency surgery in the first three days of the week but not on or after Wednesday. However, after the fact and if one did the surgery at such a time and there is a situation of Pikuach Nefesh it is totally permissible to violate Shabbat like any other sick person in danger. [18] Sephardim could be lenient to schedule such a surgery on Wednesday but not past Thursday. [19]
Inducing labor
- It is permissible for a pregnant woman who is past her term to receive a hormone infusion to induce labor if the doctor feels that there danger to the life of the mother or fetus. [20]
Caesarian section
- If according to the doctor a women has to have a caesarian section and she can choose to schedule the surgery, she should schedule for the first three days of the week and not Wednesday through Friday. [21]
A doctor on call
- A doctor who is on call and there is a sick patient under his or her care, some say that the doctor should stay in the hospital or nearby so that the doctor will not have to travel on Shabbat[22], while others are lenient if it will ruin the doctor and his family's oneg Shabbat. [23]
Related Pages
- Tochen (grinding)
- Brushing Teeth on Shabbat
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org
- ↑
- Rashi (Shabbat 53b D"H Gezerah) explains that there is a rabbinic decree not to do an medical practice on Shabbat because one might come to violate the prohibition of Tochen (grinding) the ingredients for the medicine. Maggid Mishna (Shabbat 2:10) draws a distinction between one is sick but isn't in danger of his life and a person who is pain. Tur and Shulchan Aruch 338:1 rule that a healthy person who is in pain may not do any activity of healing because of the rabbinic decree.
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 34:1,3. Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org writes that although contemporary poskim debate whether nowadays we can be more lenient with taking medication on Shabbos because of the change in technique, the general consensus is to reject this argument. See Minchas Shabbos 91:9; Ketzos ha-Shulchan 134:7; Chelkas Yaakov 4:41; and Tzitz Eliezer 8:15-15. Listen to Rabbi Aryeh Lebowitz on YUTorah.org.
- ↑ Mishna Brurah 328:121 permits taking an oral medication without any shinui (alteration from the normal procedure). Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 4, pg 129) and 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 492) agree with the Mishna Brurah. Halachos of Refuah on Shabbos (Rabbi Bodner, pg 55) and Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org write that most poskim agree with the Mishna Brurah. See, however, Sh"t Igrot Moshe 3:53, Tzitz Eliezer 8:15:15, and Minchat Yitzchak 1:108, 6:28.
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org. See also Sh"t Tzitz Eliezer 14:50-7 and 17:13.
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org based on S"A 328:23
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 34:3
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 35:30 (in the new edition) writes that a band aid shouldn't be removed on Shabbat in an area where there's hair because removing the band aid will certainly pull out hairs. However, the Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata writes that it's permissible to use a Benzine to remove the band aid so it won't rip out any hairs that's assuming the cream was set aside before Shabbat and isn't Muktzeh. Nonetheless in the footnote he quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman saying that if it's painful it may be removed because it's a pesik reisha delo nicha leih (פסיק רישא דלא ניחא ליה), keleacher yad (כלאחר יד), and mekalkel (מקלקל).
- ↑ The Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat 4 pg 179, kitzur S"A 328:101, 340:6) writes that if there's a need, it's permissible to remove a band aid from an area of hair on Shabbat because it's a pesik reisha delo nicha leih (פסיק רישא דלא ניחא ליה) for a Derabbanan. In the footnote he writes that even though the Or Letzion (vol 2, pg 259) is strict, his father (Rav Ovadyah, in Haskama to Lev Avraham), Rav Yitzchak Elchanan (Bear Yitzchak Siman 15), and Rav Shlomo Zalman (from Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata) are lenient.
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org writes that it is permissible to wear braces on Shabbat because the goal of the treatment or procedure can only be achieved without the use of medicine.
- ↑ 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 478)
- ↑ 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 478)
- ↑ 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 477)
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 34:4
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org, 39 Melachos (Rabbi Ribiat, vol 2, pg 477)
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org
- ↑ Rabbi Doniel Neustadt on Torah.org writes to see Igros Moshe, O.C. 3:54, Minchas Shelomo 2:37 and Shemiras Shabbos K'hilchasah 34, note 86, quoting Rav S.Z. Auerbach. See, however, Tzitz Eliezer 14:50, who takes a more lenient approach concerning vitamins on Shabbos.
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 32:33 based on the idea of Baal HaMoer quoted in S"A 248:4. Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chap 32 note 99) quotes Rav Shlomo Zalman who says that if an expert doctor who is needed for this surgery is only available on Wednesday through Friday it is permissible to schedule the surgery then. For background of this topic see here.
- ↑ Yalkut Yosef (Shabbat, vol 1, pg 60)
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chap 32, note 98 (note 100, in new one)).For background of this topic see here.
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 36:4 based on the principle of the Baal HaMoer. For background of this topic see here.
- ↑ Sh"t Igrot Moshe 1:131 and Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata 30:26
- ↑ Shemirat Shabbat KeHilchata (chap 40 note 71) in name of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach explaining that since there is a mitzvah of oneg Shabbat one is not obligated to leave one's home on Friday in order to avoid violation of Shabbat. For background of this topic see here.


text:
In this section you will learn how to set room rates and define seasons, where these rates may change. This is a very simple and quick process.
Select Configurations from the main menu screen, followed by Rooms, rates and seasons.
You will see the Room type section. If you haven't already configured your rooms and categories then be sure to do this first.
Rates and Seasons
Since you have already configured the rooms types you can now move on to the rates and seasons.
The system will allow you to set two types of rates: A Standard rate and a Seasonal rate. The seasonal rate is only necessary to configure if your business has different rates at certain time of the year, such as during festivals or a peak season.
1. Standard rates must first be added in order to configure the system correctly, this will be your default rate that will always be charged, unless changed later by a user or when the reservation falls within a pre-defined "season".
Click on the Rates tab and then click on the Standard button located next to each room type that you have already configured and named.
Simply add the rates that should be charged depending on the amount of guests.
2. Your seasonal rates can now be added. Click on the Seasons tab then click Create Seasons. Add a name for the season you are creating and specify a start and end date
After you have added your seasonal periods click back on the rates tab. Next to the standard button you previously used, you will now see a new option labelled Seasons. Select this to configure the different rates, that will be used during these periods.
Image # 4: Add seasonal rates.
Keep in mind the following when saving your room rates:
1. The system will allow you to add rates according to the number of people that can stay in the room. For example, if you have a category where the maximum capacity of guests has been set to 3 (triple rooms), then the system will allow you to add different rates depending if that room will be used by one, two or three guests.
2. There is an additional option to add a supplementary room charge on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. If you are using this feature the system can calculate this of two ways, either per guest, or a increment price for the room as a whole.
By default, this value will be calculated based on the number guests. For example, if you define an increased rate of $10, and the room is used by just one guest, the total nightly increased on these nights will be $ 10. However if there are two guests checked-in, the increase will be $ 20 per night.
Alternatively you can use the check box to enable the option : Calculate the weekend increment price according to the room instead of the guest
The system will then only increase the rate on these specified days by whatever value you chose, regardless of the total guests staying in the room.


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We'll all seen people with sweatshirts or tee-shirts that say 'ask me about my grandchildren.' At some point in the past unknown to me, I must have been fitted with one that says 'tell me about anything-I don't mind.'�
I was in the local grocery earlier this week�grabbing some sports drinks, as if what I attempt now at Planet Fitness in nearly the middle of the night could ever be mistaken for physical exertion.�
Humor me, okay? If I want to think it's a workout, what's the harm in letting me have this little fantasy? It isn't, and if cornered I'd admit it, but I do get winded and a bit sweaty and parts of me hurt until the Tylenol kicks in. Plus I look cool with a multi-pack sports drink in my hand as I stand in line. I get almost as much of a workout carrying that to the register as I do while on the treadmill.�
I wound up behind a fellow carrying a lot of stuff in his bare hands, without the benefit of a shopping cart or a basket. I've had that happen, where I get ambushed in the baked goods by freshly made oatmeal and raisin cookies while I sort of have my hands already full (a reach exceeds grasp moment). Have there been times I've parked the item I originally came into the store to get and bought a lot of other stuff, taken it all out to the car and then returned for the original item? Yep, guilty as charged.
Not sure what happened with this guy. He was pushing a bag of charcoal briquettes in front of him with his shoes, nudging them along, but did not seem to have any meat you would normally associate with grilling in his hands (and I don't care to imagine where else he might have put it). I'm not the sharpest knife in the drawer, but I've never been hijacked by briquettes when I'm�Lost in the Supermarket, so I didn't have the highest regard for this fellow.
Then he started mumbling. From where I was behind him (I scrupulously enforce that ATM space rule when I'm in line. It will never be my hot breath you feel on your neck�and vice versa), I thought he was talking to the scandal magazines alongside the gum and candy. One of the most sobering aspects of growing old is how, as I've aged, less and less of the headlines or pictured celebrities mean anything to me at all.�
One of magazine covers had someone who is so famous she only has a first name, and a�CW�TV show, but I have no idea who she is or the name of the show and no matter how often my daughter (and even my wife) tells me, I never learn it. There's nothing sadder than an aging hipster.
Anyway, Marty Mumbles seemed to be talking to the magazine with what looked like Mel Gibson and (maybe) a girlfriend or daughter as a thumbnail sized photo on the cover. I think there was a wife of a famous politician staring bravely if blankly into the lens to emphasize how she's sticking with Bob, or Dave or Doug, though I hadn't asked. Sometimes I think the USA is now�The Truman Show, and�not�Harry S, except the batteries have been removed from the remote and we can't change the channel.�
The fellow in front of me wasn't talking to Mel. I looked up to realize, as he stacked his stuff (and '12 Items or less' became a suggestion, exactly when? I missed that memo) as high as he could on the smallest possible amount of space on the conveyor belt, he was actually talking�at�me. There was a reasonable amount of frantic head nodding and eye-blinking, but no contact, which was of no help at all in understanding a single word of whatever he was, or wasn't, saying.�
All the while the cashier was scanning his stuff, he had his back to her, addressing me. I always get these guys so I just bided my time. When she announced the total, I had to point him, using the smile and nod technique (and NO sudden movements) in her general direction so that he realized the ride was just about done.
�Of course, he wasn't prepared to pay and went through his pockets looking for cash, paper, and coins, before defaulting to a credit card, shuffling off with enough plastic bags to choke a landfill all the while jabbering away to anyone (else) who made eye contact.
When I handed the cashier my sole item, she remarked that she hadn't seen me 'in here with that guy�before' as if I made it a practice to collect strangers in the night. I thought about telling her just that and then decided silence, in my case, was golden. Besides, if I dawdled, I'd be late for the cookout, and that would never do.
-bill kenny
Not Earning My People Person Merit Badge
We'll all seen people with sweatshirts or tee-shirts that say 'ask me about my grandchildren.' At some point in the past unknown to me, I must have been fitted with one that says 'tell me about anything-I don't mind.'�


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OK, so what the heck is this thing?
Cactus rolls a cigarette, looks up and replies with a cutting glance:
Huge American cars, rock and roll, cool cats and chicks, four days in the land of dreams, we're away from home so anything goes, bands coming from Hungary and abroad, mega-gigs in the festival tent when the sun goes down, all the stuff that brings people together, lots of "What'll you have?" and "Gimme some!", heading to the beach during the day, tough guys lying in the shade, sound carries over water, so be careful with your "Never again" hungover moans, feeling amorous (usually at night), feeling sick (usually around noon), camping by the water, pitching tents in more ways than one, and for twenty-six years the most awaited summer program for rockin' fans and those who just want to go crazy for a weekend. Speaking of which, the little girls conceived at the first event are big girls now, and look just as good eating pancakes on a lakeside bench as their mothers did back in '93...
He smiles and takes a gulp of his Jack Daniels...
Put up a tent on Thursday evening or rent a cottage close by (the cool ones sleep in their cars!), and have yourself a time, so when you get old, you'll have more to mumble about than the other geezers you'll be playing chess with in the park. So come on down and stay for the adventure and survival camp that's the Lakeside Weekend!
To US car owners:
This meeting will be about kicking back and enjoying ourselves. Beach, shade, tents and beer. There won't be any organized car programs, but we'll have some mighty fine rock and roll, dancing, BBQs and friends galore. The 26th Lakeside Rock & Roll and US Car Weekend will focus on music and having fun.
Come on, let's have a great time together!


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When I came up with the idea of doing the Beauty #TBT series and created a list of products I used to love, this was one that was sitting quite close to the top of the list. At the tail end of last year I reviewed the YSL Faux Cils mascara which was my favourite as a pre-Uni student, but when I had bills to pay/expensive train fares to get home/to see Ben YSL was ditched in favour of things I could buy as cheap as possible in Boots – and more often than not the responsibility fell onto the Maybelline Colossal Volume Express Mascara.
I'm sure I remember someone talking about this in the early days of Youtube – back when I used to watch Fleur de Force with less than 500 subscribers and when Lauren Luke was the biggest beauty Youtuber around. But the mascara became a firm favourite and one which I repurchased over and over – there are a few different versions of this mascara, all yellow tubed with different colour lettering, purple is the 'normal' one, blue is the waterproof – but in this instance I went for the black which is… '100% black'. The difference between the purple and black lettering is virtually unidentifiable and I used to grab which ever was cheapest or on the best discount.
No matter what the exact type of this mascara, all of these versions of it come with the same brush – a slightly dumpy oval shaped brush with bristles rather than a rubber wand. It comes slightly shorter in length than I've become accustomed to, but it is still perfectly workable on the eye. Most of you will know I don't curl my lashes at all – If I reach for my eyelash curler more than 2 or 3 times a year, something has gone wrong. My lashes already have natural length an curl and I find adding curl can sometimes ruin the curl and just make them like little daggers pointing to the sky.
The fat, rounded, slightly-small shape of this brush helps add some natural lift to the lash as it allows you to move around the lash and perform a wiggling push up motion from the root with ease with adds to the curl. The brush doesn't seem to manage to get clogged up at all, and mine's been open for around a month now and the stopper in it always seems to do the perfect job of scraping off excess.
When this is first applied, I quite like it – its a very soft feeling mascara that creates a fluttery look on the lash that doesn't feels crunchy or crispy. Which has it's benefits – the lash looks volumised but naturally so. It's not the most overpoweringly amped up lash, but it looks nice with a bit of added length and separation alongside volume.
However the downside of that fluttery soft feeling effect is the longevity – if I every have to rub by eyes at some point despite doing it carefully it will almost cause the mascara to fall off the lash like it's a powder. Over a full day (without the need to itch at any point), it lasts a full work day – but there's definitely a noticeable deterioration towards the end. I've become accustomed to mascaras that will last on the lashes until I have to virtually scrub them off at the end of the day – but this one doesn't make that full day wear.
Maybelline Colossal Volume Express Mascara Application
I know someone is going to ask what's on my eyes – it's the Lime Crime Diamond Dew in Aurora (paired with the Violet Voss Holy Grail palette). And I'm not sure what setting I used on my camera to make my skin so orange, but I definitely won't be using it again!
Overall I think this is a good mascara for it's pricepoint and I've definitely tried out ones which are three times the price which I haven't liked as much – but for me it's not as volumising as I'd normally like to go for and the weartime isn't what I prefer either. When it comes to Maybelline I definitely prefer their Lash Sensational instead, and I'm currently also trying out their new oil infused mascara which I also love and prefer more (still to be reviewed!).
You can find the Maybelline Colossal Volume Express Mascara at Boots here and Superdrug here.
What are your favourite budget mascaras?
Post contains affiliate links.
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THE THREE MUSKETEERS Contest
Win exciting THE THREE MUSKETEERS movie premium set including a water bottle, journal and T-shirt courtesy of Shaw.
Synopsis: The hot-headed young D'Artagnan (Logan Lerman) joins forces with three rogue Musketeers (Matthew MacFadyen, Luke Evans and Ray Stevenson) in this reboot of Alexandre Dumas' story. They must stop the evil Richlieu (Christoph Waltz) and face off with Buckingham (Orlando Bloom) and the treacherous Milady (Milla Jovovich). The action adventure is given a state of the art update in 3-D.
Q) Name us the director of this updated 3D version of THE THREE MUSKETEERS?
Enter contest here.
All entries must reach us before 3 November 2011
Labels: movie, THE THREE MUSKETEERS


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Whereas ifenprodil has been used as a selective GluN1/GluN2B (NR1/NR2B, B-type) receptor antagonist to distinguish between GluN2B (NR2B) and GluN2A (NR2A)-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), TCN 201 (3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-[4-[[2-(phenylcarbonyl)hydrazino]carbonyl]benzyl]benzenesulphonamide) and TCN 213 [N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[{5-[(phenylmethyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}thio]acetamide] have been found to be selective GluN1/GluN2A (NR1/NR2A, A-type) antagonists. Based on the premise that A- and B-types are major synaptic NMDARs, we examined whether inhibition of NMDAR excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) by the TCN compounds and ifenprodil are complementary. Contrary to this prediction, inhibition of NMDAR EPSPs by the TCN compounds and ifenprodil were largely overlapping in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from 30-day-old rats. After partial inhibition by ifenprodil, TCN compounds produced little further suppression of NMDAR EPSPs. Similarly, after partial inhibition by TCN compounds ifenprodil failed to further suppress NMDAR EPSPs. However, low micromolar d-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, a competitive NMDAR antagonist, which alone only partially inhibits NMDAR EPSPs, markedly suppresses residual NMDAR responses in the presence of ifenprodil or the TCNs, suggesting that low 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate antagonizes both ifenprodil- and TCN-insensitive synaptic NMDARs. These observations can be most readily interpreted if ifenprodil and TCNs act on a similar population of synaptic NMDARs. Recent lines of evidence suggest that the majority of hippocampal synaptic NMDARs are triheteromers. If so, modulation of GluN2A, and not just GluN2B NMDARs, could dampen long-term depression (LTD). Indeed, both TCNs, like ifenprodil, blocked LTD, suggesting the involvement of ifenprodil- and TCN-sensitive NMDARs in LTD induction. However, the TCNs plus ifenprodil failed to inhibit long-term potentiation (LTP), suggesting that neither ifenprodil- nor TCN-sensitive NMDARs are essential for LTP induction.
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors (NMDARs) are tetrameric glutamate-gated ion channels containing two GluN1 (NR1) subunits and two GluN2 (NR2) subunits (Traynelis et al., 2010; Paoletti at al., 2013). Because these subunits are thought to assemble in a dimer-of-dimers configuration (Schorge and Colquhoun, 2003), NMDARs have been assumed to be predominantly diheteromers of GluN1/GluN2A (A-type) or GluN1/GluN2B (B-type) (Al-Hallaq et al., 2007).
Ifenprodil, which binds to the N terminus of GluN2B (Williams, 1993), has been used as a selective B-type antagonist to distinguish between GluN2B- and GluN2A-containing NMDARs in synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes (Cull-Candy and Leszkiewicz 2004). By contrast, selective antagonists against GluN2A-containing NMDARS have not been available until recently. Although NVP-AAM077 (NVP; [[[(1S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]amino](1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3-dioxo-5-quinoxalinyl)methyl] phosphonic acid tetrasodium hydrate) (Auberson et al., 2002) has been used to isolate GluN2A-containing NMDAR responses, NVP only weakly discriminates GluN2A from GluN2B (Frizelle et al., 2006; Izumi et al., 2006; Neyton and Paoletti 2006; Wyllie and Chen 2007), underscoring the need for more selective antagonists.
Recently, TCN 201 (3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-[4-[[2-(phenylcarbonyl)hydrazino]carbonyl]benzyl]benzenesulphonamide) and TCN 213 [N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[{5-[(phenylmethyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}thio]acetamide] have been found to be selective A-type antagonists (Bettini et al., 2010). GluN1/GluN2A receptor currents elicited by 30 μM NMDA with 3 μM glycine in HEK 293T cells are inhibited by 3 μM TCN 201 (Bettini et al., 2010). Moreover, currents recorded from oocytes expressing GluN1/GluN2A subunits are also blocked by 10 μM TCN 201. Similar effects are observed with TCN 213, although TCN 201 is a more potent antagonist. Furthermore, TCN 201 has no effects in oocytes expressing GluN1/GluN2B, confirming its relative selectivity (Edman et al., 2012; Hansen et al., 2014).
In the CA1 hippocampal region, we previously observed that 10 μM ifenprodil only partially inhibits NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and that residual responses are suppressed completely by low micromolar concentrations of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), a broad spectrum, competitive NMDAR antagonist. Similarly, residual NMDAR EPSPs in the presence of low APV are completely inhibited by ifenprodil (Izumi et al., 2006). These observations suggest that low micromolar APV may serve as an antagonist for ifenprodil-insensitive NMDAR subtypes. If A- and B-type NMDARs are the exclusive NMDARs in the hippocampus, these observations suggest that low concentrations of APV may preferentially act as an A-type antagonist. If so, we hypothesize that the effects of APV should be mimicked by the TCN compounds, and that these agents should block residual NMDAR EPSPs in the presence of ifenprodil.
In the present study, we examined TCN 201 and TCN 213 on NMDAR-mediated EPSPs in the absence and presence of ifenprodil and low concentrations of APV. We also examined these agents against long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), based on prior studies showing that ifenprodil inhibits LTD but not LTP (Izumi et al., 2006).
Materials and Methods
Hippocampal Slice Preparation.
Hippocampal slices were prepared from postnatal day (P) 28–32 Sprague-Dawley male albino rats using standard methods (Izumi and Zorumski, 2012). Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and decapitated. Dissected hippocampi were placed in ice-cold artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing (in mM): 124 NaCl, 5 KCl, 2 MgSO4, 2 CaCl2, 1.25 NaH2PO4, 22 NaHCO3, 10 glucose, bubbled with 95% O2/5% CO2 at 4–6°C, and cut into 500 µm slices using a rotary slicer. Acutely prepared slices were placed in an incubation chamber containing gassed artificial cerebrospinal fluid for at least 2 hours at 30°C before further experimentation.
Hippocampal Slice Physiology.
At the time of study, slices were transferred individually to a submersion-recording chamber. Experiments were done at 30°C with continuous artificial cerebrospinal fluid perfusion at 2 ml/min. Extracellular recordings were obtained from the apical dendritic layer (stratum radiatum) of the CA1 region for analysis of EPSPs using electrodes filled with 2 M NaCl (5–10 MΩ resistance).
Input/output curves were generated using stimuli of six different intensities to allow determination of half-maximal responses. The smallest stimulus was set to evoke a response less than half-maximal while the largest stimulus was designed to evoke a fully saturated response. During an experiment, evoked EPSPs were monitored by applying single stimuli to the Schaffer collateral pathway every 60 seconds at an intensity that elicited half-maximal responses. After establishing a stable baseline for at least 10 minutes, LTD was induced by applying low-frequency stimulation (LFS) at 1 Hz using the same intensity stimulus to the Schaffer collateral pathway for 15 minutes. LTP was induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) consisting of a single 100 Hz × 1 second train using the same intensity stimulus. Input/output curves were repeated after 60 minutes following HFS or LFS to determine the magnitude of LTP and LTD based on changes in the half-maximal responses. Isolated NMDAR synaptic responses were studied in bath solution containing 2.5 mM calcium and 0.1 mM magnesium in the presence of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione to inhibit α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor–mediated components, and responses were evoked once per minute (Izumi et al., 2006).
TCN 201 and TCN 213 were purchased from Tocris (St. Louis, MO). All other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). According to the instructions from the supplier, TCN 201 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide as a stock solution (50 mM), while TCN 213 was dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide or ethanol as stock solutions (50 and 10 mM, respectively).
Statistical Analysis.
Data were collected and analyzed using PClamp software (Axon Instruments, Union City, CA). LTP and LTD data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. measured 60 minutes following LFS or HFS, and are normalized with respect to initial baseline recordings (set at 100%). A two-tailed Student's t test was used for comparisons between groups. In cases of non-normally distributed data, the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. Statistical comparisons were based on input/output curves at baseline and 60 minutes following LFS or HFS, with P < 0.05 considered significant, and were done using commercial software (SigmaStat; Systat Software, Inc., Richmond City, CA). Changes within the same slice in isolated NMDAR synaptic responses by multiple drug perfusions were compared with the paired Student's t test using SigmaStat.
Effects of APV and Ifenprodil on NMDA EPSPs.
In the initial experiments, we re-examined the effects of low micromolar concentrations of ifenprodil and d-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (D-APV) on NMDAR-mediated EPSPs in the CA1 region of hippocampal slices from postnatal day 30 (P30) rats. As found previously, 10 μM ifenprodil and 5 μM D-APV each depress NMDAR-mediated EPSPs by 50% or less (Izumi et al., 2006). Administration of 5 μM D-APV alone promptly but partially depressed NMDAR EPSPs in a reversible manner (NMDAR-EPSP slope: 58.2 ± 9.2% of baseline following 15 minute administration, N = 5; Fig. 1A). In another set of slices treated with 5 μM D-APV, 10 μM ifenprodil further suppressed NMDAR responses (50.6 ± 6.6% of baseline with D-APV alone, 16.3 ± 3.6% with the combination, N = 5, P < 0.01 compared before and after ifenprodil administration, N = 5; Fig. 1B). When ifenprodil was administered first, NMDAR EPSPs were slowly depressed (57.8 ± 1.9% after 30 minute administration) and the addition of D-APV further suppressed these responses (11.1 ± 2.3%, P < 0.01 compared before and after D-APV administration, N = 5; Fig. 1C). The depression induced by ifenprodil is very slow to reverse and persists after washout of the drug (51.9 ± 4.4% after 30 minute administration and 51.9 ± 3.7% 60 minutes after washout, N = 5; Fig. 1D).
Effects of TCN Compounds on NMDA EPSPs.
These observations indicate that ifenprodil-insensitive NMDARs are inhibited by low micromolar concentrations of APV. Based on the premise that GluN1/GluN2A (A-type) and GluN1/GluN2B (B-type) are the major diheteromeric NMDAR subtypes in the hippocampus, we hypothesized that ifenprodil and the TCN compounds, which have been described as selective inhibitors of GluN2A-containing receptors (Hansen et al., 2014), may also discriminate these receptor subtypes at synapses in the native hippocampus. Specifically, we examined whether the TCN compounds mimic the actions of 5 μM APV and suppress residual NMDAR EPSPs in the presence of ifenprodil.
TCN 201 depressed isolated NMDAR EPSPs in a concentration-dependent fashion (Fig. 2A). Thirty minute administration of 10 μM TCN 201 depressed NMDAR EPSPs only partially (65.3 ± 8.6% of baseline, N = 5). Increasing the concentration to 30 µM depressed NMDAR-mediated EPSPs to 53.0 ± 6.6%; however, this increase was not statistically significant (P = 0.27). Against our hypothesis, addition of 10 µM ifenprodil failed to further suppress these responses (50.5 ± 5.1%). In contrast, addition of 5 µM D-APV quickly suppressed the residual responses in a reversible manner (14.1 ± 2.1%, P < 0.01; Fig. 2B).
To further test interactions of TCN 201 with ifenprodil and APV, we reversed the order of drug application (Fig. 2C). Thirty minute administration of 10 μM ifenprodil depressed NMDAR-mediated EPSPs to 72.7 ± 4.5% of baseline (N = 5). Addition of 10 and 30 µM TCN 201 depressed NMDAR EPSPs to 56.5 ± 5.1 and 45.8 ± 7.8%, respectively (P < 0.01 versus ifenprodil alone for both concentrations). While the effects of TCN 201 were significant in this set of experiments, we did not observe anything near a complete block of NMDAR EPSPs by the drug combination, and the effects of ifenprodil were less than typically observed. In contrast, addition of 5 μM D-APV nearly completely suppressed the residual responses (8.0 ± 2.1%, P < 0.01; Fig. 2B).
We also examined whether TCN 213, a related GluN1/GluN2A antagonist, showed similar effects on NMDAR EPSPs. As was true for TCN 201, depression of NMDAR EPSPs by ifenprodil was increased by TCN 213 but again did not result in complete NMDAR EPSP suppression (60.8 ± 6.7% with ifenprodil and 49.5 ± 1.7% by addition of 10 µM TCN 213, N = 5; Fig. 3A). In contrast, residual responses were clearly suppressed by 5 μM D-APV in a reversible manner (10.6 ± 1.3%, P < 0.001). Similarly, the depression induced by 10 µM TCN 213 (60.5 ± 6.0%, N = 5; Fig. 3B) was not clearly augmented by addition of 10 μM ifenprodil (58.1 ± 5.3%, P = 0.72); however, residual responses were nearly completely and reversibly suppressed by 5 µM D-APV (9.7 ± 1.1%, P < 0.001).
TCN 213 can also be dissolved in ethanol. To determine whether the solvent influences our results, we examined whether TCN 213 dissolved in ethanol had similar effects on NMDAR EPSPs. Again, expression of NMDAR EPSPs by ifenprodil was not altered significantly by TCN 213 (62.4 ± 6.4% with ifenprodil and 49.1 ± 10.7% by addition of 10 µM TCN 213, N = 5, P = 0.32; data not shown). Residual responses again were clearly suppressed by 5 μM D-APV in a reversible manner (7.2 ± 0.6%, P < 0.01). Also, the depression induced by 10 µM TCN 213 (79.2 ± 9.5%, N = 5; data not shown) was not clearly augmented by addition of 10 μM ifenprodil (67.0 ± 6.6%, P = 0.32); however, residual responses were reversibly and nearly completely suppressed by 5 µM D-APV (10.5 ± 1.2%, P < 0.01).
Effects of TCN 201 in the Presence of Bitopertin.
Because TCN 201 is reported to be a negative allostereic modulator of glycine binding in GluN1/2A receptors (Edman et al., 2012; Hansen et al., 2012), we examined it in the presence of bitopertin, a glycine uptake inhibitor. It has been reported that 100 nM, but not 300 nM, bitopertin facilitates LTP induction in rat slices (Alberati et al., 2012). Administration of 30 nM bitopertin augmented NMDAR EPSPs (153 ± 24%, N = 5; Fig. 4A); however, these EPSPs were not further augmented by 100 nM (158 ± 23%) or by 300 nM (146 ± 19%). In another set of experiments, 100 nM bitopertin increased NMDAR EPSPs (139.0 ± 21.8%, N = 6; Fig. 4B). In these slices 30 minute administration of 10 µM TCN 201 partially depressed NMDAR EPSPs (73.4 ± 15.1 or 60.9 + 6.3%, if compared with the response in the presence of bitopterin alone); however, administration of 10 µM ifenprodil failed to further depress NMDAR EPSPs (71.9 ± 12.9%).
Effects of the TCN Compounds on LTP.
These observations suggest that the TCN compounds do not serve as selective antagonists for GluN2A-containing NMDARs, but rather have major effects on NMDARs inhibited by ifenprodil that likely express GluN2B subunits at CA1 synapses. We previously showed that ifenprodil alone, or low concentrations of APV alone, do not inhibit CA1 LTP induction, although a combination of ifenprodil with low concentrations of APV blocks LTP (Izumi et al., 2006). This strongly suggests that LTP inhibition in the CA1 region requires blocking of both ifenprodil-sensitive and ifenprodil-insensitive NMDARs. In the next set of experiments, we examined whether the combination of the TCN compounds with ifenprodil alters LTP induction. Consistent with the apparent lack of strong effects of the TCN compounds on ifenprodil-insensitive NMDARs, we found that a combination of 10 μM TCN 201 with 10 μM ifenprodil failed to block LTP induction (147.8 ± 20.8% of baseline responses after 60 minutes following HFS, N = 5; Fig. 5A). Similarly, 10 μM TCN 213 dissolved in ethanol with ifenprodil failed to block LTP (N = 5; Fig. 5B). In contrast, a combination of 10 µM TCN 201 and 5 μM D-APV completely inhibited LTP (N = 5; Fig. 5C). HFS also failed to induce LTP in the presence of 10 μM TCN 213 and 5 μM D-APV (101.7 ± 7.5%, N = 5; Fig. 5D). We also confirmed that 5 μM D-APV alone does not inhibit LTP (135.3 ± 3.7%, N = 5; Fig. 5E), as previously reported (Izumi et al., 2006).
Effects of the TCN Compounds on LTD.
In contrast to LTP, we previously found that ifenprodil alone inhibits LTD induction (Izumi et al., 2006). If TCN compounds and ifenprodil share mechanisms of action, then these agents would also be expected to inhibit LTD. In a final set of experiments, we examined the effects of the TCN compounds alone on LTD induction. In control slices, LFS reliably induced LTD (63.1 ± 7.9%, N = 5). In the presence of 10 µM TCN 201, LFS failed to induce LTD (96.2 ± 5.6 of baseline responses, N = 5, P < 0.01 versus control; Fig. 6A). Similarly, LFS failed to induce LTD in the presence of 10 µM TCN 213 dissolved in ethanol (107.2 ± 4.0, N = 7, P < 0.01; Fig. 6B). These results suggest that TCN compounds are similar to ifenprodil in their actions on both LTP and LTD in the rat CA1 region.
We previously showed that 10 μM ifenprodil partially inhibits NMDAR EPSPs in hippocampal slices from 30 day old rats (Izumi et al., 2005b, 2006). Furthermore, we observed that low micromolar APV, which alone only partially inhibits NMDAR EPSPs (Fig. 1), markedly suppresses residual NMDAR responses in the presence of ifenprodil, suggesting that low APV antagonizes ifenprodil-insensitive synaptic NMDARs (Izumi et al., 2006). In the present study, we hypothesized that inhibition of NMDAR EPSPs by the TCN compounds and ifenprodil would be complementary, based on the premise that A- and B-type NMDARs are major synaptic NMDARs and that the former are blocked by TCN compounds and the latter by ifenprodil. To test this hypothesis, TCN compounds were administered in the presence of ifenprodil or vice versa. Contrary to our prediction, inhibition of NMDAR EPSPs by the TCN compounds and ifenprodil are largely overlapping. Because glycine/d-serine levels may affect inhibition by the TCN compounds, we examined effects in the presence of the selective glycine uptake inhibitor, bitopertin. Although bitopertin augmented NMDAR EPSPs in some slices, the degree of depression by TCN 201 was similar and further depression was not observed with ifenprodil. While our studies did not specifically evaluate d-serine, recent evidence indicates that both d-serine and glycine are synaptic NMDAR coagonists in the CA1 region. However, d-serine appears to be the more important coagonist for LTP induction (Rosenberg et al., 2013).
How should we interpret these findings? Based on prior studies, it seems unlikely that the TCNs mimic ifenprodil as B-type antagonists. Bettini et al. (2010) found that TCN 201 blocks NMDA currents in HEK 293 cells expressing GluN1/GluN2A with an IC50 of 109 nM and no effect on GluN1/GluN2B below 30 μM. Other studies (Edman et al., 2012; Hansen et al., 2014) found that NMDA currents in cells expressing GluN1/GluN2A are substantially inhibited by TCN 201 and TCN 213, without effecting GluN1/GluN2B. These studies strongly indicate that TCNs preferentially affect GluN2A expressing NMDARs. Similarly, there is agreement that low micromolar ifenprodil is a selective GluN2B antagonist (Williams, 1993; Gray et al., 2011; Hansen et al., 2014), although pharmacology in slices can differ from heterologous cells.
If TCN compounds are selective for GluN2A-containing NMDARs, there is a possibility that these agents (and ifenprodil) affect a receptor subtype that expresses both GluN2A and GluN2B at hippocampal synapses. Using mouse lines expressing specific subunit combinations, Rauner and Köhr (2011) showed that GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2B (type AB) triheteromers are a major NMDAR subtype in adult CA3-CA1 synapses. Gray et al. (2011) made similar observations and emphasized that GluN2A and GluN2B are the only GluN2 subunits expressed at CA1 pyramidal neuron synapses. In cultured hippocampal neurons, about two-thirds of NMDAR EPSCs involve type AB NMDARs (Tovar et al., 2013). Other data using sequential immunoprecipitation indicate that AB triheteromers account for 15–40% of functional synaptic receptors (Al-Hallaq et al., 2007). These studies further indicate that AB triheteromers are less sensitive to ifenprodil (Blevins et al., 1997). Based on the premise that native NMDARs are largely diheteromers, the roles of GluN2A and GluN2B in synaptic plasticity have been described (Cull-Candy and Leszkiewicz, 2004; Shipton and Paulsen, 2014). However, if the majority of synaptic NMDARs are triheteromers prior studies must be reinterpreted (Tovar et al., 2013).
Our finding that ifenprodil and the TCNs are not additives against NMDAR EPSPs suggests that ifenprodil and the TCNs act on a similar population of synaptic NMDARs, although we cannot presently identify the specific subtype. We previously found that 10 μM zinc mimics ifenprodil in partially depressing NMDAR EPSPs (Izumi et al., 2006), and zinc fails to inhibit residual NMDAR EPSPs in the presence of ifenprodil. Under the assumption that antagonism of A- and B-type NMDARs are complimentary, we speculated that low micromolar zinc behaves as a B-type antagonist, although zinc preferentially but partially inhibits A-type NMDARs at lower nanomolar concentrations (Rachline et al., 2005). However, as shown in the present study, inhibition of NMDARs by ifenprodil and TCN compounds are not complimentary. If AB triheteromers are a major NMDAR in the hippocampus and are similarly antagonized by ifenprodil and TCN coupounds, it is possible that zinc, acting on GluN2A-containing NMDARs, inhibits the same NMDAR subtypes as ifenprodil. Zinc is a partial inhibitor of AB receptors at nanomolar concentrations (Hatton and Paoletti, 2005; Hansen et al., 2014), as is ifenprodil at low micromolar levels, with both inhibiting less than 50% of AB responses at saturation. Nanomolar zinc also increases ifenprodil efficacy at AB receptors, although NMDA currents are still blocked by 50% at most (Hansen et al., 2014).
We have also reported that ifenprodil sensitivity of NMDAR EPSPs is markedly dampened when rats are exposed to ethanol during synaptogenesis (Izumi et al., 2005a). This observation suggests impairment of GluN2B-containing NMDARs but does not imply that GluN2A-expressing NMDARs are unaffected. Similarly, neuroprotection by ifenprodil does not exclude GluN2A if ifenprodil also blocks AB triheteromers. Here, we used ifenprodil at 10 µM, a concentration that saturates B-type NMDARs but likely has some effects (approximately 15% block) on A-type diheteromers (Gray et al., 2011; Hansen et al., 2014). We used this concentration based on earlier observations in which we found that CA1 NMDAR EPSPs are only weakly sensitive to lower ifenprodil concentrations (data not shown), which is consistent with evidence that AB NMDARs have dampened ifenprodil sensitivity (Hansen et al., 2014).
NMDARs play key roles in LTP and LTD, and NMDAR subtypes may drive these forms of plasticity. Inhibition of LTD by ifenprodil supports the involvement of receptors expressing GluN2B (Izumi et al., 2005b, 2006). Furthermore, ifenprodil insensitivity of NMDAR EPSPs in some circumstances has correlated with LTD failure. We observed this when early postnatal rats are exposed to ethanol (Izumi et al., 2005a) or when the immediate early gene Egr3 is deleted during development (Gallitano-Mendel et al., 2007). These findings suggest that GluN2B-containing NMDARs are susceptible to developmental insults but do not indicate that GluN2A-containing NMDARs are immune to these insults. Thus, the sensitivity of LTD induction to ifenprodil does not exclude a role for GluN2A subunits in LTD induction. If triheteromeric NMDARs are the major CA1 synaptic receptors, then modulation of GluN2A could also dampen LTD induction. Indeed, in the present study, LTD was blocked by both TCNs. The finding that LTD is sensitive to both ifenprodil and TCNs could suggest the involvement of ifenprodil- and TCN-sensitive triheteromeric NMDARs rather than the possibility that LTD requires both A- and B-type NMDARs.
The role of NMDAR subtypes in LTP is more complicated. Several studies found that LTP requires GluN2A-containing NMDARs, but not GluN2B-containing NMDARs (Sakimura et al., 1995; Sprengel et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2004; von Engelhardt et al., 2008). However, some studies relied on NVP, an antagonist that only weakly discriminates A- and B-type NMDARs (Frizelle et al., 2006; Neyton and Paoletti, 2006; Wyllie and Chen, 2007), and even moderate NVP concentrations block CA1 NMDAR EPSPs completely (Izumi et al., 2006). Other investigators found that NMDAR-mediated LTP is not subtype specific (Berberich et al., 2005; Weitlauf et al., 2005), and we observed that LTP was not blocked by NVP at a concentration that was selective for GluN2A receptors (Izumi et al., 2006). In the present study, we found that the TCNs failed to inhibit LTP at concentrations that are effective against LTD. Moreover, in the presence of 5 μM D-APV, the same concentrations of the TCNs blocked LTP. These results suggest that LTP induction can be independent from TCN-sensitive NMDARs, and likely reflect a role for triheteromeric but not diheteromeric NMDARs that are TCN sensitive. Alternatively, LTP induction could depend on TCN-sensitive NMDARs but with a different threshold. Posttranslational modifications could also affect the sensitivity of native NMDAR subtypes to TCNs and ifenprodil.
Importantly, unlike their effects on diheteromeric NMDARs, the TCNs and ifenprodil are partial inhibitors of AB triheteromers (Hansen et al., 2014). The reasons for partial antagonism are uncertain; however, this leaves a significant percentage of unblocked NMDARs that can drive LTP but not LTD. These residual receptors are sensitive to low micromolar APV, raising the possibility that there may be subtypes of AB triheteromers, at least one of which is sensitive to the TCN compounds and ifenprodil and another that is insensitive to these agents. LTP is inhibited when low micromolar APV is coadministered with ifenprodil (Izumi et al., 2006) or the TCN compounds, but not by low micromolar APV alone. If ifenprodil- and TCN-sensitive NMDARs are dysfunctional, then activation of remaining NMDARs appears sufficient for LTP induction.
In summary, we find that TCN 201 and TCN 213, known GluN1/GluN2A antagonists, do not antagonize ifenprodil-insensitive NMDARs at CA1 synapses in P30 rat hippocampal slices. Thus, ifenprodil and TCN compounds behave similarly in this system. This presents an enigma. What is the residual NMDAR component that is insensitive to ifenprodil and TCN compounds? Are there novel NMDAR subtypes? A specific and full antagonist against triheteromeric NMDARs is needed to clarify the role that AB receptors play in hippocampal function.
The authors thank Kazuko O'Dell for technical assistance.
Authorship Contributions
Participated in research design: Izumi, Zorumski.
Conducted experiments: Izumi.
Performed data analysis: Izumi.
Wrote or contributed to the writing of the manuscript: Izumi, Zorumski.
- Received October 14, 2014.
- Accepted November 18, 2014.
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute of Mental Health [Grants R01-MH077791 and R01-MH101874]; the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism [Grant R01-AA017413], and the Bantly Foundation. C.F.Z. is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Sage Therapeutics. There are no other competing financial interests.
- 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
- d-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
- excitatory postsynaptic potential
- high-frequency stimulation
- low-frequency stimulation
- long-term depression
- long-term potentiation
- N-methyl-d-aspartate
- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- [[[(1S)-1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]amino](1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3-dioxo-5-quinoxalinyl)methyl] phosphonic acid tetrasodium hydrate
- 3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-[4-[[2-(phenylcarbonyl)hydrazino]carbonyl]benzyl]benzenesulphonamide
- N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[{5-[(phenylmethyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}thio]acetamide
- Copyright © 2014 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics


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Cosmopolitan singer and musician Marie Martin routinely travels between Paris, London, New York, Madrid and the first place she called "home" – Brittany – to share her amazing talent to numerous audiences.
Born to a French mother and a Spanish father and raised in a musical family: vocals, the violin, Theatre, Classical /Jazz / Contemporary /Hip hop dance and traveling have marked her life since childhood. These elements have broadened her horizons and given her an inner sense of the encounter.
Over the years, it has naturally lead her to various destinations (with the musical encounter as the keywords), which finally lead her to New York City.
In New York, the musical energy shared by so many talented artists drives and constantly inspires her, giving rise to various life experiences and accomplishments, such as being a finalist in the vocal competition of the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland presided by Quincy Jones in 2012.
Her journey thus far is as follows:
-Jazz studies at l'IACP.
-Accompaniment to various groups and artists as backup singer and violinist. (Duc des Lombards, Sentier des Halles, La Scène Bastille, Le Réservoir, Le Petit Journal Montparnasse, Solidays)
-Lead singer of the group Kitchenfunk (Warner Music)
-Backup singer for record labels (Sony, EMI, Virgin) as well as the group Legalizik.
-Interpretations of film songs: "36 Quai des Orfèvres" ("36th Precinct") with Gerard Depardieu, "Prête-moi ta main" ("Rent a Wife") with Charlotte Gainsbourg and Alain Chabat, co-author and co-composer of a film theme, respectively
-Participations in various TV movies and entertainment programs on French national television channels (TF1, France 2, France 3, M6)
-Composition work with Hip hop / R&B artists
-Recording of the musical tale "Goldilocks"
All these experiences paid off and lead to true composition and interpretation work. Final destination: NEW YORK.
-Singer of the Hip hop/Soul /Jazz group "The Real Live Show"
-Backup singer of the group "Les Nubians" (Summerstage, Central Park, SOB's, Zinc Bar, recording of the album Nu Revolution)
-Special guest for Lee Hogans at his New York concerts (trumpeter for Prince, Jay Z, Jill Scott)
-Backup singer and violinist for "Blunefertiti French Cabaret" with Celia of Les Nubians.
-2010: Birth of the trio SoNuvo (vocal, violin, guitar, percussion. Mix of Jazz/Soul, Brazilian and Spanish music). They completed a French tour in September 2010, as well as various concerts in NY (Blue Note, Zinc bar, etc.)
-2012: Marie's first concert which she headlined at the Brooklyn Academy of Music.
Finalist at the Montreux Jazz Festival.
-French national television channel France 2 dedicated a reportage in their showcase of successful French artists in the United States.
Over time all these experiences via multiple influences, combined with her open mind and cosmopolitan vision have shaped a specific and unique personality which now has allowed her to write, compose and sing original songs.
An album "Change in me" was released in 2017 (Featuring Lionel loueke, a guitar genius who plays on a regular basis with Herbie Hancock and more amazing artists).
Marie never stops exploring new horizons. She also lends her voice to diverse eclectic musical projects.
Written: Michèle Martin
Translation: Helene Le Formal Nielsen
Last touch: Sun King


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This weekend is ideal for good off piste skiers who are relatively new to ski touring. First there is a warm-up day using a local ski area, where you'll focus on touring and off-piste skiing skills, before returning to the simple valley hotel in the town of Orsières. The remaining three days and two nights will be using the historic hospice located on the Grand St Bernard pass as the mountain base, from where there are plenty of options for day tours and summits with great ski descents.
You need to be at least an Intermediate (Silver) or Advanced (Purple) off-piste standard skier and to be able to ski confidently and in control on all terrain.If you are unsure of the ski level, visit our Ski profile Page. It is likely during the weekend that you will encounter many types of off-piste snow including powder, dense snow and crust, and also variable weather conditions. It will also help that you can work towards executing kick-turns in ascent.
Spend two nights in the Grand St Bernard Monastery in twin share accommodation, on a half board basis. You'll also be staying in mountain huts, still on a half board basis twin share accommodation, which will be communicated nearer the time by the mountain guide or Ski Club Rep. Please note that the accommodation, as the itinerary, is subject to snow and weather conditions at the time
Flights and transfers are not included in the package but Geneva is the closest airport and there are plenty of flight options from the UK. The starting point is Orsières in the Val de Bagnes. To find out how to get there from Geneva go to the Swiss Rail website.
The Val de Bagnes is a valley that continues beyond Verbier &ndash and is full of picturesque villages dotted amongst majestic mountain scenery. It becomes increasingly remote and quite, making this the perfect place to escape to for a weekend of mountain air, tranquility and peace and quiet.


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The Cambridge Neighborhood
The City of Cambridge is one of the most vibrant and enjoyable places to live, work, and play in the country. Cambridge is a large geographical area located in the heart of the Boston metro area, with numerous unique neighborhoods that each has its own character and living advantages for apartment renters and homeowners to enjoy. The southern and eastern neighborhoods of Cambridge are bordered by the famous Charles River, where various bridges provide access to the center of the Boston University campus (Commonwealth Avenue) and to Boston's Back Bay, Beacon Hill, and Charlestown neighborhoods. To the north of Cambridge is Somerville, and to the west are the "inner suburbs" of Arlington and Belmont.
Many people know Cambridge by the presence of its two world-class colleges, MIT and Harvard University, which infuse the city with youth and energy. Cambridge is an amenity-rich, self-sufficient city with extensive national and local retail options and a plethora of restaurants, bars, music venues, and museums to choose from. The city has two hospitals near Harvard Square, Mount Auburn Hospital and Spaulding Hospital, and excellent town services and schools. There is a large volume of commercial real estate on its east side (Kendall Square) and west side (Alewife area) to go along with its heavy retail presence in neighborhoods like Harvard Square, Central Square, and Porter Square. Cambridge apartment rental and home purchase options are extremely varied - every neighborhood in Cambridge is different in terms of pricing, its specific set of amenities, ease of access/parking, and quality of life. To help differentiate between neighborhoods and areas, below are short descriptive summaries of each.
Central Square & Cambridgeport
This area is extremely popular among Cambridge renters due to the large apartment inventory, the vibrancy and urban character of Central Square, and the ease of access to multiple Boston neighborhoods. Central Square is the "first square" that cars and buses pass through on busy Massachusetts Avenue when coming over the "Mass Ave bridge" from Boston's Back Bay and Fenway areas. The square is vibrant, busy, and has an urban feel. There are an impressive array of restaurants, bars, and clubs to choose from in both Central Square and in nearby Inman Square, which makes the area popular at night. Central Square is the seat of Cambridge government, which adds buzz and activity to weekdays. Residents love the full set of amenities found in the square, including national and local retail, grocery stores, coffee shops, pharmacies, cell phone stores, bank branches, fitness centers (including a YMCA), and every kind of professional service.
Many of the residents of Central Square, Inman Square (a few blocks north of Central Square), and Cambridgeport (the residential area south of Central Square) are young renters, though there are also many long-term owner-occupants in the area. The Central Square renter population are primarily young professionals, students and graduate students of MIT, Harvard, Boston University (and other colleges), and service industry professionals. As a whole, Central Square/Inman Square/Cambridgeport residents are seen as a well-educated and independent-minded, and there is a neighborhood feel to the area. Much of the rental housing stock in the neighborhood is two or three level multi-family houses, with numerous 4 - 12 story brick apartment buildings closer to the square.
Access to Central Square from every direction is easy by car, train and bus. The MBTA Red Line has its "Central" stop in the heart of the square. Numerous bus lines run frequently throughout the city, including the #1 bus, which is a heavily-used "cross-town" line that makes frequent stops along the length of Mass Ave in Boston, Central Square, Harvard Square, and the western half of Cambridge. Access to Central Square from the Massachusetts Turnpike, Storrow Drive, and other major roadways is simple. Importantly, all the bridges from Cambridge to Boston neighborhoods make Cambridge feel like it's attached to Boston. There are numerous surface parking lots in Central Square, as well as metered parking on many side streets. The further away from the square one travels, the better the parking availability for residents. Many houses in the area have one or two car driveways, which improves the overall availability of street parking.
Harvard Square & West Cambridge
Harvard Square is Cambridge's best known neighborhood, and one of the most popular destinations in the Boston area for both tourists and area residents. Of course, Harvard University is a major presence in the square, and an incredible amount of activity revolves around the university and its graduate schools. The neighborhood is visually appealing, with numerous relaxing green spaces (including Harvard Yard), old brick buildings and churches, tree-lined residential areas to the west of the square (called West Cambridge), and the iconic Charles River. A vehicular bridge and a walking bridge over the river connects Harvard Square to Harvard University's "Allston Campus" in Allston, where the university's sports facilities, Harvard Business School, and a growing amount of university-related housing are located.
Harvard Square is known for the extensive amenities and activities available to area residents, students, tourists and the general public. With its charming, sophisticated, and busy atmosphere, people of all ages throughout Greater Boston enjoy the extensive shopping, dining, museums, theatres and art galleries available in the square (among numerous other social and cultural activities). As opposed to nearby Central Square's functional retail presence, Harvard Square has a host of fine retailers who offer unique clothing/apparel/accessories, home decor, jewelry, cosmetics, and much more. In the heart of Harvard Square is the Harvard Coop, where people socialize over coffee, read/research, and buy books, supplies, and Harvard merchandise. Harvard Square is full of restaurant options, from fine dining to the "fast casual" and health food eateries that many students and young professionals prefer. As would be expected in a young, collegiate environment, there are also numerous bars, coffee shops, pharmacies, bank branches, fitness centers, and cell phone stores for students and young people to choose from.
Harvard Square is an extremely tight real estate environment. Compared to nearby Central Square with its large population of renters, a sizable percentage of the housing stock in Harvard Square is owned by long-term owner-occupants, especially within a few blocks of the square itself. The excellent quality of life that Harvard Square offers contributes to the low vacancy and low apartment turnover that has been in place for decades. However, there is a larger inventory of apartments just to the north of Harvard Square along Massachusetts Ave and Garden Street (among other streets), and east along Massachusetts Ave and Broadway (towards Central Square and Inman Square). The most common unit types in those areas of Harvard Square are multi-family houses and 4 - 12 story apartment buildings, and they are generally rented by young professionals, students and graduate students. Most Harvard Square renters are in some way affiliated with the square, whether educationally or professionally, and are willing to pay a rent premium to live within easy walking distance of their daily activities and routine.
Access to Harvard Square from every direction is simple by car, train and bus. The MBTA Red Line has its "Harvard" stop in the heart of the square. Numerous bus lines run frequently throughout the city, including the #1 bus, which is a heavily-used "cross-town" line that makes frequent stops along the length of Mass Ave in Boston, Central Square, Harvard Square, and the western/northern section of Cambridge. Access to Harvard Square from the Massachusetts Turnpike, Storrow Drive, and other major roadways is fast and easy. There are numerous parking garages in Harvard Square, with metered parking in the square and on major roads nearby and resident parking on most side streets in the area. Some houses in the neighborhood have one or two car driveways, and most apartment buildings provide designated parking for residents.
Kendall Square/MIT & East Cambridge
The eastern side of Cambridge (closest to Beacon Hill and downtown Boston) was once an area without a true identity. The residents of east Cambridge, which is a quiet residential neighborhood, were once the primary users of Kendall Square. There have always been some good local restaurants, enjoyable bars, a movie theater, and some interesting retail stores to choose from. In recent decades, however, an entire section of Kendall Square has changed dramatically due to a huge commercial/biotech building boom. With the addition of dozens of new buildings, thousands of new employees, and hundreds of new residents to the area, Kendall square in now a modern, multifaceted urban neighborhood with a lot to offer - both by day and by night.
The biotech boom (including the expansion of MIT's research and development facilities) has resulted in some large new apartment buildings, which has added needed vitality to Kendall Square. In turn, new and trendy bars and restaurants, as well as a few "fast casual" eateries, have opened to serve the new professional demographic and the increased daily population of the square. Other amenities like coffee shops, bank branches/ATM's, a fitness center, a new hotel, expanded parking options, and Hubway bike rental stations have also opened to keep pace with the neighborhood's expansion and heavier activity. The Cambridgeside Galleria, a fairly new mall with numerous national retail and dining options, is walkable from Kendall Square and is popular with all demographics and all Boston area residents. Also, on the northern edge of Cambridge (on the Somerville border) is the Twin City Plaza, which has a grocery store and "big box" national retailers.
The campus of MIT (globally famous for its science and technology research and development) runs into the southern edge of Kendall Square. MIT's residence halls and its extensive research and development facilities are a scattered throughout the area, and weave in nicely with all of the new commercial/biotech buildings in the area. MIT students, who have always used the somewhat edgier Central Square to service some of their daily needs, can now get much more done in Kendall Square than past generations of students were able to.
While the majority of MIT students live in campus housing, many choose to rent in Kendall Square or in Cambridgeport (to the south of Central Square). Their rental choices include the large handful of older apartment buildings on the main roads that connect Kendall Square and the MIT campus to Central Square, or group houses in Cambridgeport. By contrast, the newer apartment buildings and condominium apartment complexes in east Cambridge, and particularly in Kendall Square, are often occupied by employees of the biotech firms in the area, or other business professionals who love the convenience and lifestyle of east Cambridge. The older residential section of east Cambridge is comprised primarily of 2 to 3 story multi-family residences and owner-occupied homes, and residents of east Cambridge are a mix of young professionals, families, retirees, and service industry professionals.
The biotech firms of Kendall Square and the residents of Kendall Square love the convenience and "coolness" of having their address in East Cambridge. Boston is next door (via the Longfellow Bridge and Memorial Drive), most major roadways are easily accessed, and parking is easy. The MBTA Red Line has its "Kendall" stop in the heart of the square, and the "Lechmere" Green Line stop is located on the north side of the neighborhood (off of Cambridge Street). Numerous bus lines run frequently throughout east Cambridge. For drivers who need to park, there are numerous surface parking lots in Kendall Square, and main streets have metered parking. All the new buildings in the area have their own parking facilities (mostly underground), which has created a good parking situation in the area. In the residential section of east Cambridge, there is primarily resident-only street parking.
Porter Square is located in interior Cambridge along Mass Ave between Harvard Square and Davis Square in Somerville. Porter Square is a smaller, quieter neighborhood than Cambridge's other squares. It is an extremely popular neighborhood to live in for professionals of all ages and for young families. The excellent amenities in the square including national and local retail stores, a grocery store, restaurants, bank branches, cell phone stores, a fitness center, and various professional services. Another benefit of living in Porter Square is that a few short blocks away is Davis Square (in neighboring Somerville), which is a young, vibrant and exciting semi-urban neighborhood with an outstanding range of conveniences/amenities, restaurants, and entertainment options. Tufts University and its students are in the Davis Square area. Apartment rental options in Porter Square are typically found in multi-unit houses or in 4 - 8 story apartment buildings, and the primary renter demographic is professionals (of all ages). A large percentage of the homes on the side streets in Porter Square are owner-occupied, particularly on the west side of Mass Ave. Vehicular access to Porter Square is via Mass Ave from the north and south, and from Beacon Street and Somerville Ave from the east. The MBTA Red Line has its "Porter" stop in the heart of the square, and numerous MBTA bus lines service the neighborhood. Parking on Mass Ave and other roads in Porter Square is metered, and most side streets provide resident parking.
North Cambridge & Fresh Pond (Cambridge Highlands)
To the west of Porter Square are the North Cambridge and Fresh Pond neighborhoods, both of which are on the western edge of Cambridge. To the west of North Cambridge is Arlington, and Somerville is to its north. To the west of Fresh Pond is Belmont, one of the more affluent inner suburbs in Greater Boston.
North Cambridge has primarily multi-unit houses, and has a sizable stock of apartment buildings along Massachusetts Avenue. Many students attending Tufts University, which is just across the town line in Somerville and close to Davis Square, live in apartments in North Cambridge. On the west side of Alewife Brook Parkway is the rapidly expanding Alewife area. Alewife has newer apartment towers, a growing commercial real estate presence, and a large parking lot for commuters who use the MBTA Red Line "Alewife" station - the final stop on the red line.
The Fresh Pond neighborhood has two separate identities. On the east side of Fresh Pond Parkway (the Harvard Square side), there is a typical western Cambridge mix of multi-unit houses, some small-sized apartment buildings, and owner-occupied homes, with local businesses and restaurants on the main roadways. The west side of the parkway, which includes Fresh Pond itself, feels more like an "inner suburb" and has primarily owner-occupied homes.
Many residents in the area, particularly young people, use both Davis Square and Harvard Square for dining, shopping, and entertainment. Fresh Pond Mall provides a national retail resource for the area, including a grocery store and a cinema. Danehy Park and various athletic fields are located behind Fresh Pond Mall, and there are public parks and the 9-hole Fresh Pond Golf Course that overlook Fresh Pond.
Access to North Cambridge and Fresh Pond is good by train and by car. Beyond the MBTA Alewife Red Line train station, a variety of MBTA bus lines service the entire area. For drivers, Fresh Pond Parkway is a busy four lane roadway which connects to Watertown and eastern sections of Cambridge and Boston via Soldiers Field Road/Storrow Drive. Alewife Brook Parkway provides access to Route 2 (west), and to Somerville, Arlington, and the Mystic Valley Parkway. Massachusetts Avenue travels through the center of North Cambridge, providing access to Porter Square and Harvard Square to the southeast, and to Watertown to the northwest. Parking is readily available in most cases. Many homes have driveways, and resident parking is widely available.
Every Live Realty Boston agent thoroughly understands every aspect of Cambridge's real estate market, including the current available apartment inventory in each neighborhood. With each new renter/client we work with, we leverage that local knowledge to become a trusted neighborhood resource for them. Even after a client chooses a Cambridge apartment that suits them, our agents are always available to provide any needed guidance that helps them get off to a great start in their new neighborhood.
Live Realty Boston hopes you'll put our local experts to work to find the new rental apartment or new home that suits your needs perfectly. Call 617-487-8227 to get moving!


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Jennifer grew up in nearby Jasper County and is a 2002 graduate of Newton Community High School. After high school, Jennifer joined the Illinois National Guard and was deployed from December 2003 to January 2005. She served in Iraq with the 232nd Combat Service and Support Battalion as a personnel services specialist and was awarded an Army Commendation Medal in recognition of her dedication to duty and meritorious service.
Upon her return, Jennifer earned a bachelor's in English Arts with a minor in Pre-Law Studies at Eastern Illinois University in Charleston. She graduated from Southern Illinois University School of Law in May 2011. While in law school, she worked as a clerk for the Effingham County State's Attorney's Office and the SIU Elder Law Clinic.
Jennifer began working for Heller, Holmes & Associates in November 2011. Her areas of practice consist of criminal law, family law, estates and estate planning, personal injury, medical malpractice, and social security disability. She is actively involved with pro bono representation through the Land of Lincoln Legal Assistance Foundation where she dedicates time to providing free legal representation for those without financial means. In both 2013 and 2014, the Fifth Judicial Circuit Pro Bono Committee has recognized Jennifer for her outstanding service.
Jennifer is a member of the Illinois Bar Association, American Bar Association, and the Coles-Cumberland Bar Association.


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Factors for Marriage Counseling Success
If couples look differently at issues and try to reconcile by themselves, it would really be a difficult task to do. If couples don't agree with the issues, then it would be impossible to resolve it. If each of the partners is willing to put in the effort, then a marriage counselor can help them mend their marriage. The skills of the counselor is also a factor that contributes to the success of the marriage counseling. Couples can choose a counselor based on the credentials and recommendations from prior clients. However, sometimes it is better to choose a counselor based on personal chemistry than merely credentials. It you can work well with a counselor, then he could be the best one for your needs.
When both partners are comfortable then counseling can work well. The diplomas or accolades on the wall do not matter if either spouse cannot work well with the counselor. Don't expect to have successful sessions. A couple needs to find a counselor who can work within their personal, cultural, and religious beliefs.
In many cases, a good counselor acts as the mediator between two conflicting parties. His job is to assure both parties that they will get their say. Keeping the sessions productive and civil is also another responsibility of the counselor. Advice is given by the counselor and also exercise to help the couple work through and resolve their problem.
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The counseling environment is vent that even if the partners are given a chance to vent, it is still possible to make the counseling session work well. Without censure or judgment, they can present their concerns, fears, and sore points. Pushing or prodding the couple past the obvious complaints and go into their deeper, underlying feelings can be done by a trained counselor.
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Going to a therapy with the wrong notion that the counselor will be the one to fix them will just lead to passive conversations. They don't understand that the counselor is merely a guide, so each partner must invest himself/herself wholeheartedly into the session of there is realistic hope for success.
Marriage counseling is usually seen as the last ditch effort before a couple decides to divorce. There are also times when, even before going to a counselor, a spouse has already decided to file for divorce. Going to therapy sessions with this mindset is counterproductive. If a spouse is not committed to the process, he/she will resist any suggestion or advice the counselor gives. They may resent their presence in the session. Or they will pretend interest and commitment while in the counselor's presence and then revert to being uncooperative at home.
In order for counseling to succeed, both partners have to be committed to the process and marriage healing. It takes hard work to save a marriage.