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BACKGROUND: Proton beam radiotherapy of arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the brain has been performed in Uppsala since 1991. An earlier study based on the first 26 patients concluded that proton beam can be used for treating large and medium sized AVMs that were considered difficult to treat with photons due to the risk of side effects. In the present study we analyzed the result from treating the subsequent 65 patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the patients' medical records, treatment protocols and radiological results was done. Information about gender, age, presenting symptoms, clinical course, the size of AVM nidus and rate of occlusion was collected. Outcome parameters were the occlusion of the AVM, clinical outcome and side effects.
RESULTS: The rate of total occlusion was overall 68%. For target volume 0-2cm(3) it was 77%, for 3-10 cm(3) 80%, for 11-15 cm(3) 50% and for 16-51 cm(3) 20%. Those with total regress of the AVM had significantly smaller target volumes (p < 0.009) higher fraction dose (p < 0.001) as well as total dose (p < 0.004) compared to the rest. The target volume was an independent predictor of total occlusion (p = 0.03). There was no difference between those with and without total occlusion regarding mean age, gender distribution or symptoms at diagnosis. Forty-one patients developed a mild radiation-induced brain edema and this was more common in those that had total occlusion of the AVM. Two patients had brain hemorrhages after treatment. One of these had no effect and the other only partial occlusion from proton beams. Two thirds of those presenting with seizures reported an improved seizure situation after treatment.
CONCLUSION: Our observations agree with earlier results and show that proton beam irradiation is a treatment alternative for brain AVMs since it has a high occlusion rate even in larger AVMs.
Conjugates with specific binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR, of interest for radionuclide based imaging and therapy were prepared using mouse epidermal growth factor, mEGF, and dextran. In one type of conjugate, mEGF was coupled to dextran by reductive amination in which the free amino group on the mEGF N-terminal reacted with the aldehyde group on the reductive end of dextran. The end-end coupled conjugate could be further activated by the cyanopyridinium agent CDAP, thereby introducing tyrosines to the dextran part. In the other type of conjugate, the cyanylating procedure using CDAP was applied, first to activate dextran and then allowing for the amino terminus of mEGF to randomly attach to the dextran. In the latter case, radionuclide-labelled tyrosines or glycines could be added in the same conjugation step. All types of mEGF-dextran conjugates had EGFR-specific binding since the binding could be displaced by an excess of non-radioactive mEGF. The conjugates were to a large extent internalized in the test cells and the associated radioactivity was retained intracellularly for different times depending on both the type of cells and conjugate applied. Different intracellular 'traffic routes' for the radionuclides are discussed as well as applications for both imaging and therapy.
Background: The aim of this study was assess acute and early delayed radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue perfusion as measured with perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the dependence of these changes on the fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) dose level.
Patients and methods: Seventeen patients with glioma WHO grade III-IV treated with FRT were included in this prospective study, seven were excluded because of inconsistent FRT protocol or missing examinations. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI and contrast-enhanced 3D-T1-weighted (3D-T1w) images were acquired prior to and in average (standard deviation): 3.1 (3.3), 34.4 (9.5) and 103.3 (12.9) days after FRT. Pre-FRT 3D-T1w images were segmented into white- and grey matter. Cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were calculated and co-registered patient-wise to pre-FRT 3D-T1w images. Seven radiation dose regions were created for each tissue type: 0-5 Gy, 5-10 Gy, 10-20 Gy, 20-30 Gy, 30-40 Gy, 40-50 Gy and 50-60 Gy. Mean CBV and CBF were calculated in each dose region and normalised (nCBV and nCBF) to the mean CBV and CBF in 0-5 Gy white- and grey matter reference regions, respectively.
Results: Regional and global nCBV and nCBF in white- and grey matter decreased after FRT, followed by a tendency to recover. The response of nCBV and nCBF was dose-dependent in white matter but not in grey matter.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that radiation-induced perfusion changes occur in normal-appearing brain tissue after FRT. This can cause an overestimation of relative tumour perfusion using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI, and can thus confound tumour treatment evaluation.
Background: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a promising perfusion method and may be useful in evaluating radiation-induced changes in normal-appearing brain tissue.
Purpose: To assess whether radiotherapy induces changes in vascular permeability (Ktrans) and the fractional volume of the extravascular extracellular space (Ve) derived from DCE-MRI in normal-appearing brain tissue and possible relationships to radiation dose given.
Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy were included; five were excluded because of inconsistencies in the radiotherapy protocol or early drop-out. DCE-MRI, contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W) images and T2-weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images were acquired before and on average 3.3, 30.6, 101.6, and 185.7 days after radiotherapy. Pre-radiotherapy CE T1W and T2-FLAIR images were segmented into white and gray matter, excluding all non-healthy tissue. Ktrans and Ve were calculated using the extended Kety model with the Parker population-based arterial input function. Six radiation dose regions were created for each tissue type, based on each patient's computed tomography-based dose plan. Mean Ktrans and Ve were calculated over each dose region and tissue type.
Results: Global Ktrans and Ve demonstrated mostly non-significant changes with mean values higher for post-radiotherapy examinations in both gray and white matter compared to pre-radiotherapy. No relationship to radiation dose was found.
Conclusion: Additional studies are needed to validate if Ktrans and Ve derived from DCE-MRI may act as potential biomarkers for acute and early-delayed radiation-induced vascular damages. No dose-response relationship was found.
Intracranial haemangiopericytoma (HPC), a rare malignant tumour, should be distinguished from meningioma and solitary fibrous tumour, which have been considered as separate entities since 1993, according to histopathology and clinical characteristics.
A PUBMED search for "Intracranial Haemangiopericytoma" yielded 176 articles, where 26 were of particular interest for this review article.
Case report.
Our patient, a 27-year-old man with HPC of grade III according to WHO, presents with an acute intracerebral haematoma, which is extremely rare.
Surgery (total resection) is the primary treatment. Long-term close clinical and radiological follow-up is crucial due to the high rate of recurrence and tendency for development of metastasis.
The effects of postoperative radiotherapy need further investigation. Besides neurosurgery, radiotherapy should always be considered in both patients with these highly malignant tumours (WHO grade III) and in patients with partial resection or inoperable cases (WHO grade II).
OBJECTIVES: The presence of numerous mast cells or eosinophils in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) tumours have both been described as negative prognostic factors. One cytokine related to HL is interleukin-9 (IL-9) and it is known to affect both mast cells and eosinophils. The aim of this study was to explore if the expression of IL-9 correlates to the presence of these inflammatory cells in HL tumours. METHODS: In 131 HL biopsies, immunostainings for IL-9 and IL-9 receptor (IL-9R) were performed. The same material was previously stained for mast cells and eosinophils. These data were correlated to clinical and survival data from all patients. RESULTS: Fifty-three percent of cases were positive for IL-9 and 19% were positive for IL-9R in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells. The IL-9 positive patients had more eosinophils (P = 0.002) and mast cells (P = 0.02) in their tumours, more often a nodular sclerosis histology (P < 0.0001), a higher white-blood-cell count (P = 0.006) and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.003) at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: IL-9 expression is related to the histology, clinical picture and the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in HL. These results indicate that IL-9 is an important part of the cytokine network and inflammatory infiltrate in HL.
Treatment of patients with glioblastoma improved dramatically when concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide was added to external radiation therapy. The addition of this new treatment schedule as well as the improvements in individually-tailored radiation treatment, has resulted in a larger proportion of patients being fit for further treatment after first relapse. One of the most interesting combinations that have started to become part of the therapeutic arsenal in the daily clinic is dose-dense temozolomide in combination with bevacizumab. We reviewed and compiled the literature concerning the present topic based on a search of the PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) for the years between 1995 and 2011. The clinical studies that have been performed are small and divergent, making it difficult to grade the scientific evidence for the combinatorial treatment of dose-dense temozolomide and bevacizumab. However, the available studies and the experience we have at our departments suggest that this combination is of interest for glioblastoma patients experiencing first relapse. More randomized clinical trials are needed in order to establish the standard of treatment at first relapse in patients with glioblastoma.
Glioblastomas (GBs) are malignant CNS tumors often associated with devastating symptoms. Patients with GB have a very poor prognosis, and despite treatment, most of them die within 12 months from diagnosis. Several pathways, such as the RAS, tumor protein 53 (TP53), and phosphoinositide kinase 3 (PIK3) pathways, as well as the cell cycle control pathway, have been identified to be disrupted in this tumor. However, emerging data suggest that these aberrations represent only a fraction of the genetic changes involved in gliomagenesis. In this study, we have applied a 32K clone-based genomic array, covering 99% of the current assembly of the human genome, to the detailed genetic profiling of a set of 78 GBs. Complex patterns of aberrations, including high and narrow copy number amplicons, as well as a number of homozygously deleted loci, were identified. Amplicons that varied both in number (three on average) and in size (1.4 Mb on average) were frequently detected (81% of the samples). The loci encompassed not only previously reported oncogenes (EGFR, PDGFRA, MDM2, and CDK4) but also numerous novel oncogenes as GRB10, MKLN1, PPARGC1A, HGF, NAV3, CNTN1, SYT1, and ADAMTSL3. BNC2, PTPLAD2, and PTPRE, on the other hand, represent novel candidate tumor suppressor genes encompassed within homozygously deleted loci. Many of these genes are already linked to several forms of cancer; others represent new candidate genes that may serve as prognostic markers or even as therapeutic targets in the future. The large individual variation observed between the samples demonstrates the underlying complexity of the disease and strengthens the demand for an individualized therapy based on the genetic profile of the patient.
A decline in laryngectomies and survival in laryngeal cancer has been reported, especially among advanced tumors.
Out of 1058 patients with laryngeal cancer diagnosed 1978-2007 in the Uppsala-Örebro-region in Sweden 263 T3-4 tumors treated with curative intent were studied retrospectively. Two time periods were defined, 1978-1992 and 1993-2007.
Glottic tumors decreased constituting 68.6% of cases 1978-1992 and 47.9% 1993-2007. Laryngectomy was performed in 38.8% and in 34.5% in the corresponding time periods. The use of laryngectomy was not strongly prognostic. A decline in overall survival over time could only be identified for the first year of follow-up. Chemotherapy was only used in a minority of cases.
The marked decrease of glottic site may mark a shift in etiology. Laryngectomy was not strongly associated with improved survival. The absence of improved survival calls for intensified research.
The role for radiotherapy in patients with low-grade gliomas remains controversial. Two large prospective studies have failed to demonstrate a radiotherapeutic dose-response effect, and EORTC trial 22845 found no difference in survival between patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy and those who received radiotherapy at tumour progression. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the patterns of carbon-11 methionine (MET) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) in tumours treated with immediate radiotherapy and in those treated with delayed radiotherapy at the time of tumour progression. The 21 adult patients studied had histologically confirmed low-grade gliomas and had undergone a pre-treatment PET scan and a follow-up PET scan at the time of progression. Eleven of the patients had undergone initial radiotherapy a median of 5 weeks after the surgical procedure. The median time to progression was 3.5 years for this group, compared with 1.6 years for the group with delayed radiotherapy ( P=0.06). At the time of progression, non-irradiated tumours had a significantly higher MET uptake ( P=0.02) and a larger uptake volume ( P=0.008) compared with baseline, whereas irradiated tumours showed no statistically significant change. We observed a correlation between high pre-treatment uptake of MET and reduction in MET uptake in response to radiotherapy ( P=0.008). All irradiated tumours recurred within the radiation field. In conclusion, our results demonstrate signs of a residual radiation effect at the time of tumour progression in low-grade gliomas with high pre-treatment uptake of MET. Pre-treatment methionine uptake may be a marker for the radiosensitivity of low-grade gliomas.
To study the effects of surgery and timing of radiotherapy on patient survival in grade 2 gliomas.
One hundred and eighty-nine patients with diffuse astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas, World Health Organization grade 2, treated between 1982 and 2000 were identified. The impact of treatment given and clinical parameters were studied in univariate- and multivariate survival analyses.
Median survival for the whole patient sample was 6.4 years and the 5-year survival rate was 60%. Macroscopic total resection was beneficial in the univariate analysis (P=0.03) but not when adjusting for confounders. Early subtotal resection did not prolong survival. Early radiotherapy was associated with a shorter survival time compared to delayed or no irradiation (P=0.004). However, this difference was mainly due to an unequal distribution of prognostic factors and was not significant in the multivariate analysis. The most important predictors for long survival time were young age (P<0.001), oligodendroglioma histology (P<0.001), and small tumour size (P=0.02).
Early conventional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy had no positive effect on patient survival. This opens up the possibility of trying and evaluating other first-line treatment regimens in this disease.
PURPOSE: To determine if (11)C-L-methionine PET is a useful tool in the evaluation of the long-term effect of proton beam treatment in patients with meningioma remnant.
METHODS: Included in the study were 19 patients (4 men, 15 women) with intracranial meningioma remnants who received hypofractionated high-energy proton beam treatment. Patients were examined with (11)C-L-methionine PET and MRI prior to treatment and after 6 months, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Temporal changes in methionine uptake ratio, meningioma volume, meningioma regrowth and clinical symptoms throughout the follow-up period were evaluated.
RESULTS: In 17 patients the tumour volume was unchanged throughout the follow-up. The methionine uptake ratio on PET decreased over the years in most patients. In two patients the tumour remnant showed progression on MRI. In these patients, prior to the volume increase on MRI, the methionine uptake ratio increased. One patient experienced transient clinical symptoms and showed radiological evidence of a radiation-induced reaction close to the irradiated field.
CONCLUSION: Proton beam treatment is a safe and effective treatment for achieving long-term growth arrest in meningioma remnants. Follow-up with (11)C-L-methionine PET may be a valuable adjunct to, but not a replacement for, standard radiological follow-up.
INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma is characterized by chemoresistance. One factor than can contribute to chemoresistance is aberrant DNA methylation of specific genes relevant for drug response, e.g. tumor suppressor genes. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the tumor suppressor gene SHP1 is epigenetically regulated and if its overexpression affects the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs with different mechanisms of action in glioblastoma cell lines.
METHODS: Differences in methylation levels in the SHP1 promoter and SHP1 protein expressions between untreated cells and cells treated with the demethylating agent decitabine were analyzed with bisulfite Pyrosequencing and Western blotting. Differences in drug sensitivity to a panel of chemotherapeutic drugs with different mechanisms of action between SHP1 overexpressing clones and control clones were analyzed with the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay.
RESULTS: We demonstrated that SHP1 promoter methylation was correlated to SHP1 expression and that the expression was increased upon demethylation. Overexpression of SHP1 resulted in lower (p < 0.05) sensitivity to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the alkylating agents cisplatin and melphalan.
CONCLUSION: SHP1 expression may be epigenetically regulated and its overexpression influences the sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs in glioblastoma derived cells.
The current treatment strategies for glioblastoma have limited health and survival benefits for the patients. A common obstacle in the treatment is chemoresistance. A possible strategy to evade this problem may be to combine chemotherapeutic drugs with agents inhibiting resistance mechanisms. The aim with this study was to identify molecular pathways influencing drug resistance in glioblastoma-derived cells and to evaluate the potential of pharmacological interference with these pathways to identify synergistic drug combinations. Global gene expressions and drug sensitivities to three chemotherapeutic drugs (imatinib, camptothecin and temozolomide) were measured in six human glioblastoma-derived cell lines. Gene expressions that correlated to drug sensitivity or resistance were identified and mapped to specific pathways. Selective inhibitors of these pathways were identified. The effects of six combinations of inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs were evaluated in glioblastoma-derived cell lines. Drug combinations with synergistic effects were also evaluated in non-cancerous epithelial cells. Four drug combinations had synergistic effects in at least one of the tested glioblastoma-derived cell lines; camptothecin combined with gefitinib (epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor) or NSC 23766 (ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 inhibitor) and imatinib combined with DAPT (Notch signaling inhibitor) or NSC 23766. Of these, imatinib combined with DAPT or NSC 23766 did not have synergistic effects in non-cancerous epithelial cells. Two drug combinations had at least additive effects in one of the tested glioblastoma-derived cell lines; temozolomide combined with gefitinib or PF-573228 (focal adhesion kinase inhibitor). Four synergistic and two at least additive drug combinations were identified in glioblastoma-derived cells. Pathways targeted by these drug combinations may serve as targets for future drug development with the potential to increase efficacy of currently used/evaluated chemotherapy.
Background: The prognosis of high-grade glioma patients is poor and the tumors are characterized by resistance to therapy. The aims of this study were to analyze the prognostic value of the expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6, also referred to as SHP1) in high-grade glioma patients and the epigenetic regulation of the expression of PTPN6 and the role of its expression in chemotherapy resistance in glioma-derived cells.
Material and methods: PTPN6 expression was analyzed with immunohistochemistry in 89 high-grade glioma patients. Correlation between PTPN6 expression and overall survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis and Cox regression multivariate analysis. Differences in drug sensitivity to a panel of 16 chemotherapeutic drugs between PTPN6 overexpressing clones and control clones were analyzed in vitro with the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay. Cell cycle analysis was done with Krishan staining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was analyzed with a cell death detection ELISA kit as well as cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 Western blotting. Autophagy was analyzed with LC3B Western blotting. Methylation of the PTPN6 promoter was analyzed with bisulfite-Pyrosequencing and demethylation of PTPN6 was done with decitabine treatment.
Results: PTPN6 expression correlated in univariate analysis to poor survival for anaplastic glioma patients (p=0.026). In glioma-derived cell lines, overexpression of PTPN6 caused increased resistance (p<0.05) to the chemotherapeutic drugs bortezomib, cisplatin and melphalan. PTPN6 expression did not affect bortezomib-induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or autophagy. Low PTPN6 promoter methylation correlated to protein expression and the protein expression was increased upon demethylation in glioma-derived cells.
Conclusion: PTPN6 expression may be a factor contributing to poor survival for anaplastic glioma patients and in glioma-derived cells its expression is epigenetically regulated and influences the response to chemotherapy.
The survival for patients with high-grade glioma is poor, and only a limited number of patients respond to the therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the significance of using p38 MAPK phosphorylation as a prognostic marker in high-grade glioma patients and as a therapeutic target in combination chemotherapy with vandetanib. p38 MAPK phosphorylation was analyzed with immunohistochemistry in 90 high-grade glioma patients. Correlation between p38 MAPK phosphorylation and overall survival was analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test analysis. The effects on survival of glioblastoma cells of combining vandetanib with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 were analyzed in vitro with the median-effect method with the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay. Two patients had phosphorylated p38 MAPK in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, and these two presented with worse survival than patients with no detectable p38 MAPK phosphorylation or phosphorylated p38 MAPK only in the nucleus. This was true for both high-grade glioma patients (WHO grade III and IV, n = 90, difference in median survival: 6.1 months, 95 % CI [0.20, 23], p = 0.039) and for the subgroup with glioblastoma patients (WHO grade IV, n = 70, difference in median survival: 6.1 months, 95 % CI [0.066, 23], p = 0.043). The combination of vandetanib and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 had synergistic effects on cell survival for glioblastoma-derived cells in vitro. In conclusion, p38 MAPK phosphorylation may be a prognostic marker for high-grade glioma patients, and vandetanib combined with a p38 MAPK inhibitor may be useful combination chemotherapy for glioma patients.
Patients with glioblastoma multiforme have a poor prognosis due to recurrences originating from spread cells. The use of radionuclide targeting might increase the chance of inactivating single tumor cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue. As a target, overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) may be used. A natural ligand to EGFR, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an attractive targeting agent due to its low molecular weight (6 kDa) and high affinity for EGFR. 177Lu (T(1/2) = 6.7 days) is a radionuclide well suited for treatment of small tumor cell clusters, since it emits relatively low-energy beta particles. The goal of this study was to prepare and preclinically evaluate both in vitro and in vivo the [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF conjugate. The conjugate was characterized in vitro for its cell-binding properties, and in vivo for its pharmacokinetics and ability to target EGFR. [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF bound to cultured U343 glioblastoma cells with an affinity of 1.9 nM. Interaction with EGFR led to rapid internalization, and more than 70% of the cell-associated radioactivity was internalized after 30 minutes of incubation. The retention of radioactivity was good, with more than 65% of the 177Lu still cell-associated after 2 days. Biodistribution studies of i.v. injected [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF in NMRI mice demonstrated a rapid blood clearance. Most of the radioactivity was found in the liver and kidneys. The liver uptake was receptor-mediated, since it could be significantly reduced by preinjection of unlabeled EGF. In conclusion, [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF seems to be a promising candidate for locoregional treatment of glioblastoma due to its high binding affinity, low molecular weight, and ability to target EGFR in vivo.
Currently, most clinical range-modulated proton beams are assumed to have a fixed overall relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 1.1. However, it is well known that the RBE increases with depth in the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) and becomes about 10% higher than mid-SOBP RBE at 2 mm from the distal edge (Paganetti 2003 Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 2 413-26) and can reach values of 1.3-1.4 in vitro at the distal edge (Robertson et al 1975 Cancer 35 1664-77, Courdi et al 1994 Br. J. Radiol. 67 800-4). We present a fast method for applying a variable RBE correction with linear energy transfer (LET) dependent tissue-specific parameters based on the alpharef/betaref ratios suitable for implementation in a treatment planning system. The influence of applying this variable RBE correction on a clinical multiple beam proton dose plan is presented here. The treatment plan is evaluated by RBE weighted dose volume histograms (DVHs) and the calculation of tumour control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) values. The variable RBE correction yields DVHs for the clinical target volumes (CTVs), a primary advanced hypopharynx cancer and subclinical disease in the lymph nodes, that are slightly higher than those achieved by multiplying the absorbed dose with RBE=1.1. Although, more importantly, the RBE weighted DVH for an organ at risk, the spinal cord is considerably increased for the variable RBE. As the spinal cord in this particular case is located 8 mm behind the planning target volume (PTV) and hence receives only low total doses, the NTCP values are zero in spite of the significant increase in the RBE weighted DVHs for the variable RBE. However, high NTCP values for the non-target normal tissue were obtained when applying the variable RBE correction. As RBE variations tend to be smaller for in vivo systems, this study-based on in vitro data since human tissue RBE values are scarce and have large uncertainties-can be interpreted as showing the upper limits of the possible effects of utilizing a variable RBE correction. In conclusion, the results obtained here still indicate a significant difference in introducing a variable RBE compared to applying a generic RBE of 1.1, suggesting it is worth considering such a correction in clinical proton therapy planning, especially when risk organs are located immediately behind the target volume.
Radiation treatment is commonly employed in the treatment of meningiomas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of hypofractionated high-energy proton therapy as adjuvant or primary treatment for WHO grade I meningiomas. A total of 170 patients who received irradiation with protons for grade I meningiomas between 1994 and 2007 were included in the study. The majority of the tumours were located at the skull base (n = 155). Eighty-four patients were treated post subtotal resection, 42 at tumour relapse and 44 with upfront radiotherapy after diagnosis based on the typical radiological image. Irradiation was given in a hypofractionated fashion (3-8 fractions, usually 5 or 6 Gy) with a mean dose of 21.9 Gy (range, 14-46 Gy). All patients were planned for follow-up with clinical controls and magnetic resonance imaging scans at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years after treatment. The median follow-up time was 84 months. Age, gender, tumour location, Simpson resection grade and target volume were assessed as possible prognostic factors for post-irradiation tumour progression and radiation related complications. The actuarial 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 93% and 85% respectively. Overall mortality rate was 13.5%, while disease-specific mortality was 1.7% (3/170 patients). Older patients and patients with tumours located in the middle cranial fossa had a lower risk for tumour progression. Radiation-related complications were seen in 16 patients (9.4%), with pituitary insufficiency being the most common. Tumour location in the anterior cranial fossa was the only factor that significantly increased the risk of complications. Hypofractionated proton-beam radiation therapy may be used particularly in the treatment of larger World Health Organisation grade I meningiomas not amenable to total surgical resection. Treatment is associated with high rates of long-term tumour growth control and acceptable risk for complications.


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We picked up Doc - we may have been a little late [oops] - and headed to the Honolulu Museum of Art for our Shangri La Tour. Shangri La is the Honolulu home of American philanthropist Doris Duke. It was built in 1937 and houses an impressive collection of Islamic art. Unfortunately they did not allow pictures to be taken inside the house - that didn't stop me from sneaking a few snapshots - however you can virtually tour the home here. This house is absolutely stunning!! There are tiles from Morocco, Persian Rugs, plates from China, vases from Spain and so much more! Doris took an extensive trip to Iran and with her she brought back many artifacts as well as inspiration for her home. In her backyard she replicated Chehel Sotoun [40 pillars] from Esfahan, Iran. She also used Alighapoo in Esfahan, Iran as inspiration for the courtyard in her home [I was able to sneak a picture of it]. It was really interesting to me as an Iranian Muslim to see someone of a different religion and culture appreciate Islamic art at this level. Every inch of this home was covered in some type of Islamic art representing great significance. Doris spent 60 years of her life building, redecorating, and changing this home. I wish there were more people like her in the world who can appreciate the beauty in Islamic art.
For dinner we went to Roy's in Waikiki. Bestie ordered Macadamia Nut Monchong Fish and Doc & I shared the fish trio platter. Dinner was excellent! The trio platter was great because we were able to sample all the fish. However my favorite was the macadamia nut monchong!!
After dinner we speed our way to the other side of the island to the Polynesian Cultural Center for the evening show of HA Breath of Life. The show is described as a Pacific isle saga of birth and death, love and family, triumph and tragedy. The dances were very colorful! I really enjoyed the fire dance/stunt portion of the show. There was a no picture/videography rule that was strictly enforced - because they want the audience to purchase the DVD and soundtrack of the show - however bestie & I snuck in a few pictures and videos! Clearly we don't believe in following rules!
Tomorrow is bestie's last day in Hawaii!! We have a full day of activities planned for her before we send her back to reality.

subset: commoncrawl


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[ Think Accessibility Testing First – Beyond Compliance ]
There has been a surge in the demand of accessibility testing services due to the compliance requirements particularly due to various laws and standards in the US, Canada, Australia, and EU. Whether it is the need to comply with Section 508, 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA), Air Carrier Access Act, or the European Standard – EN 301 549, organizations are actively exploring how to implement
accessibility in their products and services.
The task at hand to implement accessibility is quite daunting for companies since they need to look at how to implement accessibility in their legacy system, new technologies in development as well as third party solutions that are often used.
The speaker with this presentation would discuss some of the challenges that organizations face in implementing accessibility and how BarrierBreak help overcome these challenges. The speaker will also discuss about various accessibility standards and guidelines like WCAG 2.0 or Section 508.
Shilpi Kapoor
CEO, BarrierBreak
Shilpi Kapoor is the founder of BarrierBreak and 247 Accessible Documents who believes passionately that technology can be the game changer for inclusion. She is motivated to ensuring that as the organization scales,
it impacts the lives of disabled people globally and has developed NewzHook – Worlds 1st inclusive news app.
Shilpi is also the OpenAir Advisory Chair, Knowbility. An Ashoka Fellow and a recipient of "NCPEDP – Shell Helen Keller Award 2008" – Non-disabled role model supporter of increased employment opportunities for people with disabilities, she has successfully built a sustainable business model in disability products and services.


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Hey everyone, Not to sure if this is where I should post this but I need some advice to help get me back on track... So here is my story, So, it all started for me around MLK weekend. I was hanging out with my friends and we decided to smoke some Weed (Sativa Dominant Strain). I'm not to big into smoking weed, like I have only smoke 4 previous times before this. Moving along...the night was fine no problems at all with the high, and a few hours later we decided to get drunk. We were downing captain morgan like it was water, and I eventually found my self face lying into a toilet throwing up. After a few hours in the bathroom, I then passed out on the couch in my friends basement. Now, when I woke up I felt off. Not like hungover...I felt different. Like it was just off, I couldn't concentrate on anything, my mind was racing, and I started to freak out. I eventually told my parents about how I was feeling (With trouble concentrating and how I felt off). My anxiety shot through the roof because I had no idea what was wrong with me. So after anxiety attack after anxiety attack, I still had no clue what was wrong with me. And then I had a severe panic attack that lasted an hour and a half. So we ended up taking myself to the hospital to check all my symptoms and go over tests to make sure everything was working properly. My symptoms were: difficulty concentrating, dizziness, lethargy, double/blurred vision, racing thoughts, ruminating thoughts, hopelessness, brain fog, insomnia, and etc. I felt like I was going crazy. I visited my family doctor after a few weeks of dealing with this and he prescribed me with Lexapro at 10mg. Now it didn't really seem to help with my depression but it helped with my anxiety to where I wasn't having daily anxiety attacks. And now I am on Remron at 7.5 mg for the sleep issues. Now I am in the process of recovery and trying to get back to the way things were...I've done a ton of research on trying to figure out what the hell happened to me. Now I have a general idea, I think the weed and alcohol messed with my neurotransmitters, specifically my dopamine levels. I'm going to see a psychatrist on Friday, and I am excited to share with him what I have collected over the past two months and see what he thinks. This is my story. If anyone has any tips or ideas that they would like to add after reading my story, it would mean the world to me!! Thank you so much, MrEasyE


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The Ohio State women's volleyball team upset arguably their most important opponent this season, No. 14 Kansas State on Saturday for a trip to the Sweet Sixteen round of the NCAA tournament.
The Buckeyes eliminated the Wildcats in five-sets, 25-20, 25-22, 22-25, 23-25 and 17-15.
OSU secured their spot to play in Saturday's second round by knocking off Missouri State in three sets on Friday, while the Wildcats swept Lipscomb, also on Friday.
A pinch of sibling rivalry added to the competitiveness of the evening. OSU senior middle blocker Taylor Sandbothe looked through the net at her younger sister, freshman middle blocker Elle Sandbothe. Before the match, Taylor took to Twitter and expressed her excitement at the opportunity to play "her best friend." The front row match-up would prove to be a factor during the entire match.
The Buckeyes made their presence known from the beginning of the first set. A variety of hitters went to work, which resulted in an early 9-1 run for OSU. As Kansas State closed in on the OSU lead, the arena erupted, showing the home team support for the Wildcats. Sophomore setter Taylor Hughes wrangled in the final two kills of the set to give the Buckeyes the 1-0 advantage.
OSU jumped out to an early lead again to start the second set, but the Wildcats weren't letting the Buckeyes escape without putting up a fight. Kansas State battled to put the score within two points at 14-12, but OSU's consistency and patience shone through to maintain control of the lead.
Elle Sandbothe assisted on a major block for Kansas State, but it was immediately followed by a kill from her sister, Taylor. OSU held a narrow lead at 24-22, but sealed another set victory with a kill by sophomore outside hitter Audra Appold. After the second set, OSU was hitting .225 collectively, compared to Kansas State's .056.
However, it was the Wildcats who came out of the intermission with the momentum on their side. They held onto the lead for the first time in the match to begin the third set as the Buckeyes' defense and serve reception began to unravel. OSU came back with aggressive swings and gained the lead for the first time in the third set at 15-14 before a back-and-forth battle ensued between the teams.
The Wildcats focused on Taylor Sandbothe's path and another block by her younger sister shifted the energy back to Kansas State. The Wildcats saw their first set point of the match, and the Buckeyes couldn't counter back. Despite the Wildcat win, OSU still held the advantage 2-1 going into the fourth set.
The Kansas State crowd made their voices heard to start the fourth set, cheering after every point that dropped on OSU's side. The noise was egged on by the point-for-point play that characterized the entire set. When the dust cleared, it was again Kansas State who stole the set victory and forced a sudden-death final set.
Errors are critical any five-set contest, and unforced errors by OSU allowed the Wildcats to take the two-point advantage 8-6 before switching sides of the court. The Buckeyes quickly changed their tone and after a handful of nail-biting final points, OSU claimed the crucial win to stay alive in the NCAA tournament.
Junior outside hitter Luisa Schirmer combined with Taylor Sandbothe for 36 kills. Sophomore setter Taylor Hughes finished with another triple-double to her name with 14 kills, 41 assists and 15 digs.
The Buckeyes are off to the Sweet Sixteen to face Big Ten rival, the Wisconsin Badgers.


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This new exciting hydrangea from the Proven Winners collection will quickly become one of your favorite summertime bloomers! 'Little Lime' is a smaller sibling of the "Limelight", but don't let its smaller size fool you. This Hydrangea is a true show stopper producing tons of brilliant soft green blooms from late spring into fall when their color will change to pink. In early spring, while Little Lime is still dormant you will want to deadhead/prune one-third of the height of the plant and follow this by applying a slow release fertilizer to ensure a well-fed plant that will produce tons of blooms!
Spacing Your Little Lime Hydrangea
Space Your Little Lime Hydrangea 2 feet apart for a seamless planting. Otherwise, plant them 6+ feet apart for gaps between plants.


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Best CBD Dog Treats and Hemp – Top Cannabis Edibles for Dogs & Pets
When administering CBD oil to dogs, most people rely on CBD tinctures. After all, this method allows for the most precision. Some dogs, however, make it hard to effectively administer CBD tinctures to them. And sometimes, CBD tinctures may not even be the most optimal method of CBD oil supplementation.
Below you can discover when CBD treats for dogs can better help your pup reap all the benefits of CBD oil.
Are CBD Dog Treats Safe for Your Pet?
CBD is one of the 113 phytocannabinoids making up the cannabis plant. It is neither psychoactive nor addictive. In fact, it has unique anti-anxiety and anti-psychotic effects. CBD treats for dogs are very helpful to owners and dogs themselves. Karma Pets dog treats are one of the many effective CBD treats with little to no THC, making it safe for dogs. CBD acts as an antagonist of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the phytocannabinoid that makes cannabis psychoactive and addictive.
CBD supplements, however, use hemp as a source for CBD oil manufacturing. Being high in CBD, hemp is the strain of cannabis that has the lowest THC content. After refining, hemp-based CBD oil maintains only trace amounts of THC which are insufficient to provoke any adverse health effects. This makes CBD oil supplements, including CBD dog treats, safe for usage.
When CBD Dog Treats Are a Better than CBD Oil Tinctures?
Dropping CBD oil under your dog's tongue is the most effective way of supplementing your dog with CBD. It's also the most tedious one. And with some dogs, it can be a real challenge. There are workarounds, of course. You can try to get your dog to lick up the CBD oil drops. Or you can try giving your dog CBD capsules instead.
When the above methods fail, though, CBD dog treats start to shine. Compared to CBD tinctures and capsules, they are:
- Easy to use Unlike with tinctures or capsules, you don't have to break sweat to get your dog to eat CBD dog treats. Their special design does the work for you.
- Have various flavors As opposed to tinctures and capsules, CBD dog treats come in various flavors. Not only does this make it easier for your dog to like them, but it also gives your pet variety.
- Beginner-friendly CBD dog treats tend to have lower content of CBD oil than CBD tinctures or capsules. This makes them ideal for dogs who have just begun their acquaintance with CBD.
- Hard to overdose Due to their usually lower CBD oil content, CBD dog treats can be harder to overdose. Being a more conservative dosing option, CBD dog treats become a safer choice for extra cautious dog owners.
CBD Dog Treats: Just as Good as Any Other CBD Oil Supplement
Despite the form, CBD dog treats deliver all the same health benefits of cannabidiol. By engaging your pet's endocannabinoid system, CBD dog treats can relieve your dog of various health issues. As such, they can fight inflammation and alleviate pain, manage anxiety and boost appetite, among other health effects. CBD dog treats can help your dog feel better and enjoy CBD in a tasty way.
To buy other CBD products, check out https://flawlesscbd.co.uk/.


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Policies for Employment Offers & Recruiting Events
Extending Offers: Campus Recruiting Offer Policy
The intention of the campus recruiting offer policy at The College of William and Mary is to allow students ample time to carefully consider all of their employment options and to make informed decisions about their employment after William and Mary. We educate students on evaluating and negotiating job offers and discourage them from hasty decisions that may lead to reneging, which we strongly discourage. In order to meet student and employer needs, we have revised our offer policy to the following:
Fall Recruiting
- Students receiving full-time and internship offers from fall interviews will have until October 31st or three weeks (whichever is greater) to accept/decline offers.
-Interns or externs who have received offers of full-time employment or to return next summer to their internship will have until October 31st to respond to those employers.
Spring Recruiting
- Students receiving full-time or internship offers from spring recruiting will have until February 28th or three weeks (whichever is greater) to accept/decline offers.
Second Round Interviews
In an effort to minimize scheduling conflicts for our students, we request that second round interviews taking place at an off-campus site be scheduled at least two weeks after the on-campus interview date. This is especially important given our attempt to schedule interviews based upon employer industry; should you attempt to host second round interviews (on-site) during the same week as your first round interviews, your acceptance rate might be lower than anticipated.
If you have questions regarding procedures or policies not addressed here, please contact the Career Center at (757) 221-3231 or [[career]] .
Alcohol Policy
The William and Mary Career Center adheres to the NACE policy, which states that serving alcohol should not be a part of the recruitment process. Therefore, all recruiting activity, including all information sessions, should be alcohol-free.
Corporate Activities and Solicitation
The College of William and Mary appreciates and welcomes the relationships that different College constituents have with corporations and governmental and non-profit organizations. Specifically, the Career Center seeks to build upon existing relationships and to work with new employers to facilitate their hiring of William and Mary students. To enable these interactions, the Career Center plans and executes many events throughout the year aimed at increasing student awareness of these organizations and giving employers access to the William and Mary student population. Such events include the Fall and Spring Career Fair, information sessions and on-campus interviews. It is imperative that organizations work with the Career Center to plan such events to maximize the exposure they receive through appropriate advertising and avoidance of conflicting events.
As William and Mary prohibits any commercial selling or solicitation on campus that is not sponsored or sanctioned by the College, the Career Center requests that organizations do not utilize student groups or student contacts to facilitate such commercial endeavors. This would include utilizing tables in the Sadler or Campus Center to sell goods or services to solicit the student population through the use of handouts or giveaways.
Any questions should be directed to [[career]] or 757-221-3232.


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The Largest Multi-Framework Front-End Web Development Conference in the USA
Angular, React in Practice, React Fundamentals, Node/ServerSide, Vue, Advanced JS, Core JS/Frameworks, Web/HTML/CSS, Design UI/UX, Mobile Dev/Frameworks
Cobb Galleria Centre
2 Galleria Pkwy SE
Atlanta, GA 30339
Oct. 16th – 18th, 2019
Add to Calendar
If you want to see or change the status and details of your order, click on the link in one of the emails we sent you during the order process. If you cannot find the link, click on the following button to request the link to your order to be sent to you again.
If this takes longer than a few minutes, please contact us.


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This 5 year old 3 bedroom home is one of a kind; owner designed with quality fixtures and fittings and has been built to allow for future extensions if required.
The Home Features:
- 3 large bedrooms with built in wardrobes, (1 x king size room with walk in robe)
- Extra high 2.7mtr ceilings.
- Large bathroom with spacious double shower, floor to ceiling tiles.
- Large kitchen with plenty of storage (with soft close drawers, cupboards and pantry)
- Plumbing for fridge with water and ice dispenser
- Gas stove top
- Large open plan living
- Fully air conditioned, lounge has reverse cycle cassette
- Quality carpets in the bedrooms
- Large tinted bi-fold doors opening onto 44m2 timber deck
- Gas connection on deck
- Huge laundry with tonnes of storage space
- Easy care mulched native gardens
- 4 large birdie vegetable gardens
- 6 x 3m garden shed
- Stainless steel security screens throughout
- Land size is 5,189m2
Call now to arrange your personal inspection!
We have some good news about our house. We have a contract and it went unconditional today. I would just like to thank you for all your help over the last few months. I will be recommending Save On Commission to as many people as I can.
I currently have our house for sale with a local agent and I have expressed tonight via email my disappointment re their service. I am going with you guys now as your service is on time, every time, and I know this from your service with our rental properties that were advertised through you guys in the past that we had on your website.
It gives me great pleasure to inform you that we have NOW obtained an Unconditional Contract of SALE for our house. Thank you for your prompt service and advice.


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ISRO recruitment 2018 notification has been released on official website www.isro.gov.infor the recruitment of total 04 (four) jobs out of which 01 (one) vacancies for Administrative Officer, 02 (two) for Accounts Officer & 01 (one) Purchase & Stores Officer vacancies. Job seekers should apply from 05th April 2018 and before 25th April 2018.
Advertisement Number:- ISRO HQ:ICRB:04:2018
|Organization Name
|Indian Space Research Organisation
|Post Name
|Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer, Purchase & Stores Officer
|No of vacancies
|Job location
|Official website
|Last date
|25th April 2018
Here on this page you will get the details like the Name of vacancies released by ISRO with exact number of posts. Some other criteria like Education details, application fee and way to apply application for ISRO recruitment 2018.
ISRO recruitment Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer, Purchase & Stores Officer vacancy details
You need to check the eligibility criteria carefully before applying the application form for any post, if your profile is not matching with requirement then kindly do not apply as your application form will not be approved.
|Post Name
|No. of Vacancies
|Salary Details
|Administrative Officer
|Rs. 9300 – 34800/-
|Accounts Officer
|Rs. 9300 – 34800/-
|Purchase & Stores Officer
|Rs. 9300 – 34800/-
ISRO 2018 Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer, Purchase & Stores Officer eligibility criteria
Educational Qualification: Graduation/Post Graduation (other than MBA/ ACA/FCA/FICWA/AICWA/PG Diploma in Materials Management) should be in First Class with minimum of 60% marks or CGPA of 6.3 on a scale of 10.
Age Limit: 35 years as on 25.04.2018
Nationality: Applicants should be:
- a citizen of India
Note: Check the official notification to get detailed information regarding eligibility criteria.
ISRO 2018 Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer, Purchase & Stores Officer Selection process
The candidate's selection will be happening as per the below process.
- Written Test
- Interview
ISRO application fee for Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer, Purchase & Stores Officer 2018
Fee charges: Applicants who wanted to participate for ISRO should pay the below charges through online mode (Debit or Credit Card / Net Banking).
- Unreserved: Rs. 100/- (Rupee one hundred only)
- Reserved/Female: No Fee
ISRO application form for Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer, Purchase & Stores Officer 2018
Interested and eligible aspirants may apply Online through the Website www.isro.gov.in from 05.04.2018 to 25.04.2018.
How to apply for ISRO recruitment 2018:-
- Open the official website www.isro.gov.in
- Click on Careers and Select the desired Post
- Read the instruction carefully and Click on Apply
- Start filling the application form
- After filling the application check it once again if any mistake is there if not then submit it.
- Pay the required fee and take the print out of filled application for future reference.
Recruitment Notification & Apply online
Like sabhijobs.com on Facebook to get updated towards latest jobs
ISRO 2018 Important Dates
|Notification Name
|Tentative Dates
|Starting date of online Registration
|Last date of online Registration
|Last Date of Payment of Fee
|Date of Examination


text: Drew Elliot, Paper's chief creative officer (responsible for the magazine's new look and vibe) is returning to nightlife with a weekly party at The Diamond Horseshoe called "Pretty Ugly." Co-hosted with the legendary Erich Conrad (0f Zig Zag and Beige fame), Elliott tells me, "We want this to represent New York. We have a bit of Brooklyn, a bit of fashion, a bit of the boys, and a bit of the girls. We just want everyone to get together in one of the most decadent rooms in NYC to dance." The gig starts at 11 p.m., and though Drew won't reveal who is coming, his pals include Ladyfag, who interviewed her BFF Riccardo Tisci of Givenchy for Paper's October nightlife cover, so expect boldface names—both "pretty" and "ugly", I assume. "I was not interested in returning to nightlife, I hadn't thought about it in a couple of years," Drew claims. "I am never one to say that nightlife is dead in New York. I think that that is silly. People who say nightlife is dead or is not what it used to be, just haven't tried hard enough to find the new thing." Pretty Ugly debuts this Saturday, so it is definitely New York's newest thing. For now. See you there.


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|The Epic War® Warcraft 3 Map Database
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|Epic War » Maps » Slide ninja slide (remix version) v1
|Map Details for Slide ninja slide (remix version) v1
Slide ninja slide (remix version) v1
by ultrapro
The same as made by Holy_Joker, but with mirror.
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Fix and Fogg Dark Chocolate Peanut Butter, 275g
Fix and Fogg Dark Chocolate Peanut Butter, 275g
Golden batch roasted and decadent
What is it?
Made in New Zealand from extra dark roasted Australian hi-oleic peanuts, it's the crunchiest of crunchy peanut butters blended with 62% dark chocolate and a sparing amount of organic Marlborough Sea Salt.
What are the nutritional benefits?
Hi-oleic peanuts are a special type of peanut known for their great flavour and high levels (39%) of monounsaturated fats, which have been linked to reducing cardiovascular disease and lowering cholesterol. Just one 25g serving provides 16% of your recommended daily protein, 16% of your magnesium (for nerves, muscles and fatigue) plus plenty of manganese, phosphorus, zinc, iron and copper.
What will I love about it?
Not only is it absolutely delicious, it's also made by a small, family owned peanut butter company in Wellington that is passionate about the environment and supports many New Zealand charities. Try spreading it on toasted brioche, top your ice cream with it or drop it on pancakes - yum!
Anything important?
Gluten Free, GMO free, no added oil.
- Brand: Fix and Fogg
- Product Code: 108
- Reward Points: 7
- Availability: In Stock
Tags: Gluten Free, Made in NZ
- $8.50
- Ex Tax: $7.39
- Price in reward points: 850


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Taste of Frankfort Avenue at the Clifton Center June 23rd
Frankfort Avenue is a historic part of the Louisville community and this Sunday, June 23rd from 5:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. they are proudly offering everyone "A Taste of Frankfort Avenue" at their 21st annual celebration. The festivities will be rooted at the Clifton Center, located at 2117 Payne Street, but many of the local boutiques, restaurants, cafes and businesses will be taking part in the festival with special offers and sales.
Tickets for the featured event start at $50 in advance, $45 for members and $60 day of event. All proceeds will benefit the community-oriented events and festivals held at the Clifton Center.
Families and friends should definitely show up hungry to this event as there will be over 20 of the Frankfort Avenue area's signature restaurants participating with the finest of their cuisines. There will be a cash bar, silent auction and live music during the entirety of the food-oriented festival.
The 21st Annual Taste of Frankfort Avenue is the community's way of celebrating the rich history of the area through good food, good music and fun. The Clifton Center strives to keep a schedule of fun, family-friendly events throughout the year while maintaining a variety of youth-oriented programs.
To learn about other fun things to do in the area, please visit our Louisville Homes website.


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Fa la la la la la la la la...
"Lokah Samastah Sukhino Bhavantu" - A Sanskrit chant that basically means: may all beings everywhere be happy and free from suffering, and may the thoughts, words, and actions of my own life contribute in some way to that happiness and to that freedom for all.
The Spaces In-Between
In the last 23 days, I have been to Old Orchard Beach & Portland in Maine, Nauset Beach for a blues festival in Cape Cod and up to the Northeast Kingdom in Vermont. Three very different experiences and all of them equally rich in adventure, as I have never been to any of these places. I love to travel; I catch myself sometimes discounting travel within the U.S.A. as "not really traveling" and yet, I've come to understand that the adventure exists, it's up to me to be present and experience what is available with an open mind and heart.
I've been meaning to write about camping in Maine and the awesome yoga class I had at Greener Postures in Portland… and then I had a lot to say about the fun family day festival, where I finally got to see Citizen Cope live, as well as G. Love and a great band named Ripe. Days passed quickly, too busy with work and planning for teaching in Vermont and I just didn't get around to it. The rad thing is that I was actually busy living life in the moment, enjoying my surroundings and planning to guide yoga & meditation classes as well as assist in the offerings of a retreat at Whetstone Wellness Center in the NEK in Vermont.
It was at Whetstone Wellness Center where I met a friend of a friend and some other amazing humans who live and thrive in this great community of the Northeast Kingdom. Through discussions with strangers who felt like long lost friends, I was reminded of the importance and benefit of a strong community, how it takes a village to raise a child and how the village upholds one another. We had blissful yoga, great workshops and lovely connective conversations over fantastic vegetarian dinners catered by the Craftsbury General Store. I got to participate with my son, Zachary in the Greensboro Free Library reading / playgroup, which was an honor and a comfort and I was reminded to slow down and just be in the moment when I was stopped on the highway to wait for 50 or so cows to cross the street. Vermont in its beauty and nature really drew me in. I look forward to returning here to this community someday soon. The greatest ah-ha moment I had was in creating my newest mala bead necklace at the retreat workshop. I had to let go of my desired perfection and forced outcome, as I had been encouraging students to do all week, and accept the final product… perfectly imperfect. The asymmetrical gaps in-between the beads will symbolize for me that I have room to grow. I have noticed in my yoga practice that when there are gaps in the breath flow it represents opportunity to examine what is going on for me. When we hold the breath we can either experience the discomfort, or open up to growth. May you too find your space for growth in the gaps. 🦋
"Keep on growing, keep on going, keep on flowing, yeah, yeah, yeah"
-Grateful Dead
There Is Nothing Else Than Now
Never send to know for whom the bell tolls, it tolls for thee- John Donne
The Present Is A Gift
"Be Here Now." - Ram Dass
Such a powerful, wise mantra from an insightful book, gifted to me from a friend and yoga student last year. I have the tendency to get caught up in planning the next steps when I am in travel mode. In fact, I have been known to recall the past quite a lot too. I like to remind myself to be in the moment, mindful and present. "Where am I now? What is the purpose of what I am currently doing? Is it in alignment with my heart's desire?" I say things like this a lot when I'm teaching yoga. One of my favourite benefits of my own practice is being present, right here right now.
Be here now. I heard these words today as I was once again thinking of what's next. I've been planning fall travels and communicating with a lovely Wellness Center in Vermont about my teaching schedule and offerings. I got drawn back and grounded in the present moment. I was reminded that I am right here in the North Country, enjoying a beautiful summer in a beautiful community. It's so nice to be here now. Thank you for being here too ❤
In the presence of a guru
I was in the presence of a guru on Thursday morning; a famous yoga teacher that I have admired for all of my adult life. I was surprised by how nervous I felt on my way to class. In fact, I had almost talked myself out of going to class, even though I had been looking forward to this opportunity for 3 months. Excuses like, "I am still getting over that cold from 2 weeks ago" and "maybe he won't even be there", were popping up. I was feeling fear based on my uncertainty of what to expect and I had put this guru on such a pedestal that I could feel my heart racing as I walked through the door and saw him sitting there. Then he smiled at me and chatted with me like any other fellow human would. I had gotten so nervous that I still felt the reaction of the nerves while talking to my teacher and setting up my mat in the studio. I sat in silence, focused on my breathing and meditated for a few minutes to get grounded and present.
Lori Dye is a mama of 3 beautiful souls, a yoga teacher, a seeker and a traveler.
December 2018


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SBB Football Accumulator
Everyone can find a winner in a weekend on the football coupons but that elusive 5 or 6 results for an accumulator and big pay day always has the one that lets you down.
The SBB team will each put up 1 selection per week on the football although not below 1.5 in price and we will see if 5 or 6 minds, looking at different ways of selecting a result could pay dividends.
We made a 10pt profit last year and hope to keep that going this year.
This accumulator is deemed complete at time of posting
This Week's Selections
Game 1 – Gecko
Barnsley v Sheff Wed (England, 12:15) – Both Teams To Score (BTTS)
Fancy Barnsley to win this game at good odds (probably!) and also will take them on the AH -0.5 but there is also some value in the BTTS for me so will go that one – both teams are ensconced in the bottom 3 but Barnsley have shown signs of a revival, beating Boro last week 3-2 at home and playing well in a draw and defeat against top sides QPR and Reading. Wednesday have drawn 7 of their last 8 and their low league position is due to this – they have also drawn 6 of those 7 1-1 so correct score bettors may like that. Wed can score here (have scored in all 6 away matches) and Barnsley I am sure will.. I think the hosts are on an upward spiral and will win 2-1 but as their visitors aren't as bad as their league position suggests, then BTTS is the best option here for me
Game 2 – Darylrogerson
Crystal Palace Vs Arsenal (England, 12:45) – Arsenal (Handicap -1)
Palace are somehow not bottom of the league by virtue of an even poorer Sunderland who they beat to claim their only points so far this season. They haven't shown anything of the 'promotion factor' that sees new teams pick up points and have lost 7 of their 8 league games and got knocked out of the League Cup in their first game by Bristol City who currently sit rock bottom of League One having not won a league game this season from 12 attempts. To say Palace are in bad form is an understatement. Arsenal are top of the league and the naivety that has plagued them reared its ugly head once more when losing at home to Dortmund in midweek, however they have been making light work of the lesser teams in the Premier League and I expect them to win this comfortably against a team that has lost their last 5 games all by 2 goals or more.
Game 3 – Jaydubs
Aston Villa v Everton (England, 15:00) – Match Result (DRAW)
Villa have not had the greatest start to their season seeing them meet Arsenal, Chelsea, Man City and Spurs in the opening 8 games while Everton have had the luxury of just 2 of the top 10 in the first 8 games. This probably leads to a little false positioning, however neither has really set the league alight although both have had some good results there have been some poor ones mixed in. The indifference lead me to start looking at the draw. 4 of the last 5 between the two have ended in draws while of the last 7 at Villa 4 have been draws with 2 home wins and 1 away win. Its not often I like the draw but I just can't see any side dominating here.
Game 4 – gghofman
Burnley v QPR (England, 15:00) – Under 2.5 goals
So its a top of the table clash in the championship, both sides keep it quiet tight. Both teams have a 3:1 ratio for goals scored to conceded. QPR have been especially tight at home likely due to a sense of caution as the result is more important than how they get their. QPR has a 2-2 last time v Millwall but all the other games have been unders on the road this season. Burnley has been just over the line with 3 goals in their last 3 but QPR is a different challenge.
Game 5 – Wheatmann
Leicester v Bournemouth (England, 15:00) – Match Result (HOME WIN)
I fancy Leicester to continue their strong start to the season and win this game at reasonable odds – also like the over 2.5 goals and BTTS bets as think there could be a few goals in this one; B/mouth with 25 goals in 6 away games this term and Leicester have won their last 5 home matches
Game 6 – Zipster
Reading Vs Millwall (England, 15:00) – Match Result (HOME WIN)
Reading have a solid record when coming up against Millwall, from fourteen matches they have gone on to success nine times which is a 64% win strike rate, been in decent form with four wins from their last six league games and although Millwall have picked up of late and have recorded three wins in their last six games the fact that Reading are at home and have such a good record against the visitor this has to be a home win for me.
Game 7 – Seamusshanley
Tottenham v Hull City (England, 16:00, Sunday) – Tottenham -1.5 goals
Spurs go into this match on the back of a 2-0 win at Sheriff while resting Andros Townsend, Paulinho and Kyle Walker for this match. Hull are missing their first choice keeper Alan McGregor as well as Danny Graham and Jake Livermore who is on loan from Spurs. Hull have been in good form away from home of late with their win away at Newcastle their only away win of the season. I expect Spurs to have enough firepower to win this game by a few goals.
Betvictor seem to be the best priced at 102.84
If you miss the early kick offs then Both Daryl and Gecko have given alternative selections which are later kick offs and they are:
Wycombe v Bury (England, 15.00) – Match Result (HOME WIN)
Bury haven't won away all season with just a point Burton their only gains on their travels. Wycombe are playing well and have lost just twice in their last 9 games, once to table toppers Rochdale 3-2 and at home to Burton not helped by having to play with 10 men for 43 minutes. Wycombe have won 8 of the last 12 meetings between these two including 5 of the last 6 at home with 2 draws and 2 losses making up the stat. Should be a good home win here at nice odds
Yeovil v Nottm Forest (England, 15.00) – Match Result (AWAY WIN)
Yeovil hardly score at home and Forest usually score on their travels; Yeovil have lost 5 of 6 at home and scored just once whereas Forest have lost just 1 in 7 on the road and scored in all of those games


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In our last post, we focused on Queen Margrethe II's appeal and relationship with her loved ones and her Danish subjects. In this post, we'll focus on her quirky, effervescent, and colorful personality.
She has a deep love for the arts, as she is an illustrator herself. While she was still Crown Princess, she created a series of bold and striking illustrations for the epic tale Lord of the Rings, and submitted them to J.R.R. Tolkien under the pseudonym Ingahild Grathmer. Tolkien was struck by her illustrations, and marvelled at how similar her pieces were to some of his own illustrations. Queen Margrethe II later on became an official Tolkien artist when she ascended the throne. Hee illustrations were published in the 1977 Danish edition of Lord of the Rings, and again in the re-issue in 2002. She also illustrated her husband Prince Henrik's book Cantabile, a collection of poems he penned himself.
She also designs costumes and garments. Her Highness is known to design her own clothing, becoming quite notable with her eye-catching choice of color and quirky designs. She has also designed costumes for a number of productions. Ballet dancers pirouetted and arabesqued in her creations for the Royal Danish Ballet's production of A Folk Tale, and again for Der Vilde Svaner (The Wild Swans), a film by Peter Flinth.
She is not afraid to wear her expressiveness in public. Queen Margrethe II is a very down-to-earth person, and she is not afraid to enjoy a delicious snack with gusto, nor cheer for her beloved Danish teams at the Olympics with the family. Paparazzi or none, the Queen enjoys the moment and can run the gamut of facial expressions. That's what you call savoring the moment!


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Our team of specialists and staff believe that informed patients are better equipped to make decisions regarding their health and well being. For your personal use, we have created an extensive patient library covering an array of educational topics. Browse through these diagnoses and treatments to learn more about topics of interest to you. Or, for a more comprehensive search of our entire Web site, enter your term(s) in the search bar provided on the bottom left.
Smelly feet generally can be controlled with a few preventive measures:
These preventive measures also can help prevent Athlete's foot which can flourish in the same environment as sweaty feet. However, Athlete's foot won't respond to an antibacterial agent because it's caused by a fungus infection. Use an anti-fungal powder and good foot hygiene to treat Athlete's foot.
Cadillac Office
Traverse City Office
Manistee Office


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I'm a couple of days late but things have been rather hectic around here. 24 years (and 2 days) the most wonderful little bundle of joy burst into our lives in the form of our eldest daughter, Cherlyn. The ride's been bumpy and smooth and never a dull moment. I thank God for you every day.
You're a blessing to me and I'm thankful for you.
And I can't give you your birthday blessings without giving Bobby his! Happy Birthday, dearest little grandson! I look forward to the days when you will all live closer to us so we can actually see each other more than once or twice a year. I love you.


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Our Team
Mark Goodwin is the Executive Director of Milling Manor Inc. Mark received his BA from the University of Akron. Mark has worked for many years with people with disabilities in both Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities services. Mark has served individuals in many capacities over the years as a case manager, clinical director and director of operations.
Pamela Vaughters is the Qualified Professional at Milling Manor Inc. Pamela received her BA from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University. Pamela has worked with individuals with Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities for over 10 years. Pamela has supported individuals as a Paraprofessional, Habilitation Technician, and Associate Professional.
Jaime Young is a Qualified Professional at Milling Manor, Inc. Jaime received her BA in Psychology from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. Jaime has worked in the
Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities field since 2009, both as a Paraprofessional and as a Qualified Professional.
Many thanks to our numerous direct care staff, donors, volunteers, and board members for their caring, support and generosity.
Milling Manor Inc.


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In case you haven't caught on yet, I'm a huge fan of kindness. I don't really think that anyone would qualify themselves as "not a fan," but I just want to make it clear that I believe in kindness the way that I believe in coffee: I wish I could mainline it directly into my bloodstream.
Tag: marvel
I suppose to start off, an introduction would be helpful . . .


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Interview with Chelsea Fine about The Archers of Avalon Series
Chelsea Fine was kind enough to answer a few of my questions about The Archers of Avalon Series.
I hope you enjoy this interview and Chelsea's wonderful answers.
Thank you, Chelsea!
1 – What inspired you to write The Archers of Avalon series?
My sister and I had a conversation a few years ago about tragic love triangles—especially those that involve two brothers—and I was like, "Hey! Maybe I'll write a story about two brothers who, despite their best efforts, end up loving the same girl. Would that be a good story?" My sister laughed at me, took a bite of ice cream (because we always eat ice cream together), and said, "Only if the brothers are hot." I smiled, took a bite of my own ice cream, and said, "Of course." A year later, I published Anew (book 1) in my AoA series.
2 – The series deals with resurrection and immortality. Have those themes always interested you?
No. Is that the wrong answer? Haha. *sigh* I know it sounds lame, but I had never really read about resurrection or immortality prior to writing my Archers of Avalon series. When I was originally developing the concept for Anew, I planned to set the entire story in the 1500s. (You know, make a renaissance-period love triangle between two brothers who happened to be expert archers.) But my sister encouraged me to write a modern-day tale (because that's what she likes) and I was torn. What to do, what to do.
My solution? Make my protagonist die and keep coming back to life. At first, I wasn't sure I would enjoy writing a story that was both historical and modern, but now…NOW I absolutely love it! I get to write things like, "The castle was foreign and cold, and she was already weary of playing countess." But I also get to write things like, "O-M-G." Haha. It's awesome.
3- Can you tell us something we might not know about the series or the characters?
I wrote both Anew and Awry while listening to Florence+The Machine (my muse). Is that not interesting? Hmmm….
Oh! Also, every character in my series was originally written with a different name—except Tristan. Tristan's name was always set in stone. But Scarlet was originally Clare. Nate was originally Tybalt. And Gabriel…well, I wrote most of Anew referring to Gabriel as "Brother 2". Seriously. Haha. I'm lame.
4 – Who would you say is the hardest character, from the series, to write about? Why?
It used to be Gabriel. I used to really struggle with writing from his perspective and making him three dimensional and purposeful. But now he's one of my favorite characters to write.
Nowadays, I find it difficult to write Raven. I really, really, want to make her crazy—like truly insane. But at the same time, I want to keep her relative and personable. *sigh* Such a dilemma. Whatever will I do? *smiles and winks*
5 – This is totally an unfair question but are you Team Gabriel or Team Tristan? (I'm definitely Team Tristan. :D)
Haha. I know I should be unbiased here but.... (I'm totally Team Tristan). Isn't that terrible? Haha. I'm in love with my own character. Seriously. When I write from Tristan's perspective, I don't even have to think. My fingers just fly across the keyboard. I know him, I understand him, I LOVE him. Sorry, Gabriel. L
6 – I really do like Scarlet and think she's a great main character. In your opinion what makes a great book heroine?
Strength! My goodness. I cringe when heroine are clumsy or emotional. I like a main character that embraces their weaknesses, believes in who they are, and manages to walk from one point to another without falling over. J
7 – When will the next book in the series be published? Can you let us know something about it? J
The third book in my Archers of Avalon series (Avow) comes out this December! J Here's a short list of what you can expect from Avow:
- Scarlet kicks some serious tale. *hollaaaa!*
- Tristan and Scarlet spend lots of one-on-one time together. *wags eyebrows*.
- Heather goes a little crazy. *wicked laugh*
- Nate keeps a big secret. *dun-dun-dunn*
- There are a lot of flashbacks involving the brothers. *awkward face*
- And they all find the fountain of youth. Maybe. *evil smile*
8 – Is there something else you would like your readers to know about you and the Archers of Avalon series?
I love my readers! Seriously, guys. I freakin' LOVE hearing from readers and emailing them and tweeting them and….
*shifts eyes around and closes mouth* Do I sound crazy here? Haha. I swear I'm not. Okay, fine. I am. Whatever. I still LOVE my readers!! So…yeah. Don't be shy!
Thank you!
You can find Chelsea at:


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Certificate IV in Business Administration – International
|Course Code
|Course Title
|Certificate IV in Business Administration
|CRICOS Code
|26 weeks (including 6 weeks of holidays)
Main Intake Dates
February, April, July, October
|CBD Campus – 400 Queen Street, Melbourne
Program Overview
This qualification reflects the role of individuals who use well- developed administrative skills and a broad knowledge base in a wide variety of administrative contexts.
They apply solutions to a defined range of unpredictable problems, and analyse and evaluate information from a variety of sources. They may provide leadership and guidance to others with some limited responsibility for the output of others.
Program Structure
Assessment methods may include:
- Projects / Research
- Written Assignment & Case studies
- Scenarios
Units of Competency
The BSB40515 Certificate IV in Business Administration requires 10 units of competency:
Elective Units
BSBADM407 – Administer projects
BSBCUS401 – Coordinate implementation of customer service strategies
BSBCUS402 – Address customer needs
BSBFIA401 – Prepare financial reports
BSBFIA402 – Report on financial activity
BSBINM401 – Implement workplace information system
BSBITU401 – Design and develop complex text documents
BSBITU402 – Develop and use complex spreadsheets
BSBREL401 – Establish networks
BSBWRT401 – Write complex documents
Entry Requirements
Students must satisfy the following Age, English
and Academic requirements:
- Age: must be 18 years or over
- English Proficiency Level: an IELTS Band 5.5 or equivalent OR undertake a TMG English language test.
- Academic: Successful completion of Year 11 or its equivalent.
The further study pathways available to learners who undertake this qualification include:
- BSB50215 Diploma of Business
- BSB50415 Diploma of Business Administration
- BSB51915 Diploma of Leadership and Management
Your Career
The following employment pathways are available to learners who complete this qualification:
- Accounts Receivable Clerk
- Accounts Payable Clerk
- Data Entry Operator
- Junior Personal Assistant
- Medical Records Officer
- Receptionist
- Office Administration Assistant
Course Fee
|Other Fees
|Estimated Fees
|Material Fee


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ISU Future Health Professionals - HOSA
|Nash Johnson
|Jack Sherlock
The purpose of the Future Health Professionals (HOSA) chapter are as follows:
1. To develop leadership that is competent and self-reliant.
2. To improve scholarship and develop skills that will enable young men and women to participate effectively in health science education.
3. To create more interest and understanding in the intelligent choice of health careers, while teaching and advocating for passionate health professionalism.
4. To provide the opportunity to work closely with peers and professionals within the health field.
5. To engage in individual and group projects of competitive nature, by supplying ISU health professional students the opportunity to compete in health related events at the State and International levels.
6. To engage in individual and group projects for community building and positive social involvement.
7. To create a supportive community and network made up of those with the same interests in healthcare, and to provide a space for growth and opportunity to all individuals involved with the organization.


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Kati Hiltunen, MA student, University of Helsinki
The country image of Finland in China
I am a M.A. student of Chinese studies at the University of Helsinki. With a B.Sc. degree in human geography, I am interested in topics such as nationalism and constructing identities, and am at the moment writing my master's thesis on Finland's country image in China. For my thesis I am conducting a survey in China to look into what Finland is known for and what different components and aspects its country image consists of in the Chinese markets.
Suvi Kurki, MA student, University of Turku
Finding a New Narrative of Chinese Business Leadership
The research goal is to determine how Chinese business leadership is viewed by young Chinese people. The study seeks to answer the following questions: How do Chinese university business students talk about leadership? and What kind of differences are there between the Chinese business leadership described by Western scholars and young Chinese people? The data consists of 112 empathy-based stories written by Chinese university students.
Sidsel Rasmussen, PhD, University of Aarhus
Perceptual assimilation of Mandarin Chinese consonants by native Danish listeners
"My project aims to map the potential problems of native Danish speaking learners' spoken Mandarin Chinese (MC) by assessing their perception, discrimination and production of selected MC phones. I am particularly interested in the rich MC inventory of fricatives and affricates which probably constitute the most novel sounds for native Danish learners of MC. My first experiment investigates the perceptual assimilation of (nearly) the full set of MC initial consonants as perceived by native Danish speakers without any experience with MC. The assimilation patterns yield predictions about discrimination problems of which some resonate anecdotal classroom observations."
Anh Nguyen Quoc, MA, University of Helsinki
The politics of land grabbing in Vietnam
Saana Santalahti, MA student, Helsinki
Language attitudes of young Okinawans
I am a MA student from the University of Helsinki, majoring in East Asian Studies. I'm interested in sociolinguistics, language endangerment and language education. Currently I'm working on a MA thesis related to the language attitudes of young Okinawans and the revitalisation of the Ryukyuan languages.
Anna Bruun Pedersen, MA student, Aarhus
The self-identity of Japanese Ha-fus/Doubles and how they are constructed in the Japanese society
I am currently working on my MA thesis focusing on the differences between the self-identity of bi-ethnic individuals (known in Japan as haafu, doubles or mixed-roots, among others) and the portrayal and construction of them in Japanese media.
Nias guest researcher Bonn Juego participated in a conference on "Migration and Development: Global Perspectives, Progressive Approaches" organized by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung early December 2016.
Short videos of the conference have been made
Laying a New Milestone
Fudan President Xu Ningsheng visited Copenhagen University and extended the contract of Fudan-European Centre for China Studies for a second term. From 23rd to 24th of November, 2016, Professor Xu Ningsheng, President of Fudan University visited University of Copenhagen (UCPH) and extended the contract of Fudan-European Centre for China Studies for a second term of four years (2017-2021). His visit was accompanied by Dr. Zhu Chouwen, director of Fudan Foreign Affairs Office, Prof. Chen Wen, dean of School of Public Health, Dr. Zhang Yi, executive dean of Fudan Development Institute (FDDI) and Prof. Liu Jiping from School of International Relations and Public Affair. The delegation was well received at UCPH and the visit has created a new chapter for Fudan Center and generated new dynamics for Fudan-UCPH collaboration.
Sanae Suzuki will be a guest researcher at NIAS from November 2016 - October 2018. Her research will be on conflict management by regional organizations.
Sanae is a research fellow at Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO). IDE-JETRO is a research institution dealing with political, economic and social issues in developing economies and countries. She has been taken the part of international relations in Southeast Asia, in particular, the role of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in this region. In 2011, she received PhD at University of Tokyo. Her PhD thesis analyses how the member states of ASEAN accommodate their conflicting interests in political-security fields from institutional perspectives. In 2014, she published the thesis chapters into the academic book titled ASEAN Governance as a Consensus-Building Model: the Chairship System in International Politics, University of Tokyo Press, 2014. This book is written in Japanese, if you can read the summary of the argument in English, please access to "Chairship System and Decision Making by Consensus in International Agreements: The Case of ASEAN," IDE Discussion Papers, No.471, July 2014. (http://ir.ide.go.jp/dspace/bitstream/2344/1376/1/ARRIDE_Discussion_No.471_suzuki.pdf)
As a gust researcher at NIAS, Sanae will work on the research topic 'conflict management by regional organizations.' With her research on ASEAN, she attempts to conduct comparative analysis including not only ASEAN, but also other regional organizations in the world, in particular in Africa, to investigate how decisions on conflict management are made in regional organizations.
Gary Pence, MA, University of Turku
Kasper is a MA student of Chinese studies at the University of Copenhagen with a background in linguistics.In the course of the last year Kasper has been pursuing his studies in Taiwan, where he studied a semester at National Taiwan University and later undertook a six months internship at the Danish Trade Council, Taipei, to learn more about diplomacy and international business and trade, and to improve his Chinese. Now he is busy writing his thesis on Chinese foreign policy and public diplomacy efforts.With this being the very last semester of his MA program, Kasper is very happy to be back at NIAS, this time working for the Fudan-European Center.
Dr Gitte Marianen Hansen, Lecturer in Japanese studies at Newcastle University will be spending three month at NIAS. During her time here, she will be working on a book project entitled 'Women in the world of Murakami Haruki', which is to be published with Palgrave Macmillan.
Women in the World of Murakami Haruki"Literary analyses of Murakami's gender representations have often concluded that his fiction mirrors Japanese patriarchy and positions female characters traditionally as objects for male subjectivities and sexualities. However, as this book shows, Murakami's works also portray female main characters, protagonists, and narrators who act as subjects in their own worlds. This group of works includes both Murakami's major novels such as 1Q84 as well as many of his less known short stories such as The little green monster and Lederhosen. Through comprehensive analyses of specific female characters across Murakami's authorship, the purpose of the book is to show the diverse and changing position of female characters in the literature of Japan's most well known contemporary writer. As I argue, throughout the authorship, female characters include not only the well known 'mysterious young girl', but also silent housewives and the serial killer Aomame. This character development interestingly mirrors women's shifting position and paradoxical empowerment in contemporary Japanese society. Theoretically, the book enters the discussion of male author's ability and right to construct versions of 'female', and overall the book argues that Murakami works show connections to Japanese feminism and reflect women's reality in contemporary Japan."
Henriette Bagger is our newest workplace student at NIAS.
Henriette studies at Political Science at the University of Copenhagen, she writes:
My thesis is about Chinese participation in UN peacekeeping missions with a focus on China's contribution to the mission in South Sudan.
Peacekeeping missions are one of the UN's core activities and the aim is to look deeper into China's engagement in the UN peacekeeping mission in South Sudan as a reflection of Chinas general engagement in and development within the UN throughout recent years and where it may head in the future.
NIAS - Nordic Institute of Asian Studies / Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel: +45 3532 9500 * Fax: +45 3532 9549 * Email: email@example.com


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You just cannot spend time on being busy around your farmland because your animals need to be fed, what if you miss a spot? We all know water is so much essential that it could be fatal if you missed on refilling it for your animals or pets. You need little something that is wisely designed to keep your animals well looked-after. Here it is the Auto-fill feeder bowl to help you out! It is made with tough stainless steel material and unlike the common ones you can find, our feeder bowl comes with float valve for easy water level adjustment. The valve input fitting is 1/2" BSP and by attaching to the fitting, it would allow you to connect directly to fresh water source, a garden hose or a tank. Easy mounting design to be mount on walls, timber posts or rails. Now that's trouble-free little animal keeper!
PLEASE NOTE: The mounting bolts are NOT included!
Additional Information
- Be the first to review this product
Write Your Own Review
- 100% Brand New
- Provides continuous fresh water
- Adjustable float valve with 1/2" BSP fitting
- Automatically refills to float level
- 304 commercial grade stainless steel material
- Wall mounted design
- Easy to clean
- Suitable for larger pets and livestocks
- Sloped lid for easy access
- Durable and convenient
- Product Dimensions(L x H x W): 24.5cm x 26.8cm x 11.5cm
- Package Dimensions(L x H x W): 30cm x 12.7cm x 25cm
- Net Weight: Approx. 1.39kg
- Gross Weight: Approx. 1.55kg
- Material: Stainless steel
Package Contents:
- 1 x Auto Fill Water Bowl


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NMR analysis of the dynamic exchange of the NS2B cofactor between open and closed conformations of the West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease
Publication Details
Su, X., Ozawa, K., Qi, R., Vasudevan, S. G., Lim, S. P. & Otting, G. (2009). NMR analysis of the dynamic exchange of the NS2B cofactor between open and closed conformations of the West Nile virus NS2B-NS3 protease. PL o S Neglected Tropical Diseases, 3 (12), e561.
Background: The two-component NS2B-NS3 proteases of West Nile and dengue viruses are essential for viral replication and established targets for drug development. In all crystal structures of the proteases to date, the NS2B cofactor is located far from the substrate binding site (open conformation) in the absence of inhibitor and lining the substrate binding site (closed conformation) in the presence of an inhibitor. Methods: In this work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of isotope and spin-labeled samples of the West Nile virus protease was used to investigate the occurrence of equilibria between open and closed conformations in solution. Findings: In solution, the closed form of the West Nile virus protease is the predominant conformation irrespective of the presence or absence of inhibitors. Nonetheless, dissociation of the C-terminal part of the NS2B cofactor from the NS3 protease (open conformation) occurs in both the presence and the absence of inhibitors. Low-molecular-weight inhibitors can shift the conformational exchange equilibria so that over 90% of the West Nile virus protease molecules assume the closed conformation. The West Nile virus protease differs from the dengue virus protease, where the open conformation is the predominant form in the absence of inhibitors. Conclusion: Partial dissociation of NS2B from NS3 has implications for the way in which the NS3 protease can be positioned with respect to the host cell membrane when NS2B is membrane associated via N- and C-terminal segments present in the polyprotein. In the case of the West Nile virus protease, discovery of low-molecular-weight inhibitors that act by breaking the association of the NS2B cofactor with the NS3 protease is impeded by the natural affinity of the cofactor to the NS3 protease. The same strategy can be more successful in the case of the dengue virus NS2B-NS3 protease. Copyright: © 2009 Su et al.
Included in
Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons


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The Oklahoma State Cowboys looked to punch in their third straight ten win season as they faced the Virginia Tech Hokies in the Camping World Bowl in Orlando, Florida.
On the Cowboys opening drive, Oklahoma State settled for a 31 yard field goal by Matt Amendola, and OSU went up to a 3-0 lead.
When the Hokies took the field, an eight play, 73 yard drive resulted in a touchdown with a 13 yard run by freshman quarterback Josh Jackson. Virginia Tech went up 7-3 with eight minutes remaining in the first.
Oklahoma State did not score a touchdown until a minute before half. A 50 yard pass from Mason Rudolph to Marcell Ateman set up a one yard touchdown run by Justice Hill.
In the third quarter, the Cowboys came out firing. An eight play, 79 yard drive was capped off by a 17 yard pass from Rudolph to Dillon Stoner.
The Hokies responded on their next drive to make it a six point game as Jackson found Erick Kumah on a nine yard strike.
But the next time the Cowboys took the field, they found the end zone again. A classic connection as Rudolph hit James Washington for the 65 yard score to make it a 27-14 game.
With the reception Washington became Oklahoma State's all time leading receiver.
Virginia Tech got on the board once more in the fourth quarter with a five yard touchdown run, but with three minutes remaining, the Cowboys sealed the game with a final 38 yard field goal from Amendola.
Mason Rudolph was crowned MVP of the Camping World Bowl and will leave OSU having set 52 school records.
The Cowboys beat the Hokies with a final score of 30-21.