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Spring is here, and, with it, a volume of Japanese Death Poems (compiled by Yoel Hoffmann) sent to me by Andrew Griffin. This book sat on my shelf for a few weeks as I gradually overcame my distaste for the prominent placement of the Zen word* on its cover. I took the Death Poems for a coffee and a walk today, sat outside in the soft spring wind and started reading the Introduction. I'm glad I managed to get by the whiff of Buddhism seeping from it.
*I consider Buddhism to be a fatuous and flatulent religion, right up there with Deism as a gaseously thin and useless theological exercise, explaining nothing. I suppose I should resign myself to the inevitability of people farting it into discussions of science, fact, life, and console myself with the knowledge that its redolence is momentary and is always swept away by the next faint gust of logic.
Any reading of a text evokes some sort of response in the reader. A close reading invokes a deeper or stronger or more prolonged response—the better the writing and the more closely we read it the more it resonates. A well-written text is worth reading well and when this happens we and the text ring out together like a perfectly-cast bell. We then absorb that resonance and hold it for use in our own future work; it's in this way that good reading leads to, and is integral to, good writing, and it's what I mean when I say "art is theft."
I wasn't far into Hoffmann's introduction before coming across the following tanka by Ki-no-Tsurayuki (870-945 CE) and a challenge implicit in the introduction's text to distill a haiku from it:
Winds passing
through the shaded grove
weigh down
my robe with
the scent of blossoms
I'm a competitive son of a bitch by nature, so I stopped right there before seeing Hoffmann's own distillation
My robe
grows heavy
with the scent of blossoms
and wrote:
Two Haiku for April 22
The spring wind moves through
bare trees, but leaves you scented
Spring winds* suffuse you
with a scent of magnolias.
The trees are still bare.
*I've brought in a Chinese trope here—in Classical Chinese poetry, the spring wind is usually a reference to physical desire.
Hoffmann and I come from different directions and so achieve different results. He, being (I assume) a student or scholar of Japanese poetry and steeped in centuries of verse, form, and authorial intent as well as having fluency in the Japanese language itself and therefore being more sensitive to its rhythms, nuances, and connotations, is able to conform to the haiku form's tradition of one image while forsaking the arbitrary rigidity of imposing the syllable count on an English version. Whereas I, not having that fluency, stick to the count while breaking the form by condensing both of the tanka's images into the haiku.
One of the problems with writing haiku in English is that the form has become contaminated by Buddhist thought.* I'm of the opinion that haiku, or a version of it, can work as a form in English. But it must be aired out well to take the stench off it. So my first piece of advice to anyone who wants to write haiku is this: Step away from the Buddha.
*Buddhist thought—now there's a oxymoron—consists, as far as I can tell, mainly of inanities masquerading as profundities.


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February 1st 2017
On Friday 27th January 2017 three teams from Carrdus took part in Warwick Prep Schools Cross Country. A total of 12 schools competed in the event. Carrdus Teams competed in the small schools events with our U9 Team winning their event. Carrdus U10's came a respectable 4th, and our U11 Team took 1st place in their event. Carrdus Teams finished 1st overall. Well Done Girls - a fantastic effort all round!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Collaborative development models on githubs
Quick note
There are two popular models of collaborative development on GitHub:
The Fork + Pull Model lets anyone fork an existing repository and push changes to their personal fork without requiring access be granted to the source repository. The changes must then be pulled into the source repository by the project maintainer. This model reduces the amount of friction for new contributors and is popular with open source projects because it allows people to work independently without upfront coordination.
The Shared Repository Model is more prevalent with small teams and organizations collaborating on private projects. Everyone is granted push access to a single shared repository and topic branches are used to isolate changes.
Pull requests are especially useful in the Fork + Pull Model because they provide a way to notify project maintainers about changes in your fork. However, they're also useful in the Shared Repository Model where they're used to initiate code review and general discussion about a set of changes before being merged into a mainline branch."
proposition for yacs on github
- any contibutors could use the Fork+pull request model.
- Only trusted maintainers could merge the request into yacs repository.
- for normal purpose, maintainers use also the fork + pull request model. The job is merged by a fellow.
- for emergency purpose, maintainers could commit directly into yacs repo.
Github features
while using pull-request github offer nice code-reviewing feature. see link below
|Sending a pull request : http://help.github.com/pull-requests/


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Environmental stakeholders on Wednesday, May 29, 2019 validated a report on 'Climate vulnerability and risk assessment for the agriculture, fisheries and forestry sectors' in Liberia.
The 'Climate vulnerability and risk assessment for the agriculture, fisheries and forestry sectors in Liberia' study, was done under a two year project to advance the National Adaptation Plans (NAP) process for medium term investment planning in climate-sensitive sectors and coastal areas in Liberia.
The study was funded by the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency of Liberia (EPA) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
It updated relevant climate vulnerability and risk assessment in agriculture, fisheries and forestry sectors, is intended to help Liberia respond to risks posed by climate change.
The study outcome will enable decisions makers and the most vulnerable population adequate tools/information to integrate climate change in to their planning strategies.
It will also placed them in a suitable position to make better short and long term adaptation programs, policies and strategies for Liberia.
The project also seek to enabling Liberia to develop the knowledge base and capacity required to reduce vulnerability to climate change and to facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation into national development planning processes.
Speaking at the start of a two-day National Validation Workshop in Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, EPA Deputy Executive Director, Randall M. Dobayou welcomed participants and asked them to properly scrutinize the document.
He disclosed that Liberia is highly vulnerable to climate change due to limited infrastructure and services and noted "our country is extremely poor".
Hon. Dobayou said the National Adaptation Plans (NAC) project was initiated to develop programs that would target climate change impact in Liberia.
He made reference to marine transgression in New Kru Town and other places across the country.
Also speaking at the start of the validation workshop, Liberia Forestry Development Authority (FDA) Deputy Managing Director, Joseph Tally said he was happy to represent the FDA at the validation of the report.
He said that the document would be carefully analyzed because Liberia is challenged by climate change.
Deputy Director Tally noted that the impact of climate change is already visible in and around us and noted we can see the changes in the level f rainfall, the coastal erosion near coastal cities, flooding in cities and drought in some parts of Liberia.
"These are symptoms of climate change. As the forest cover is impacted through human actions and natural causes, rivers, creeks, tree and animal species are disappearing from the phase of the planet. Dry season and the rain season are now irregularly occurring nowadays in Liberia," Deputy Managing Director Tally said.


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Tune in 10pm CST for ATR News LIVE! Tonight: Moral Corruption in the US
Alabama Truth Radio News Live April 15th, 2014 Tonight on ATR News Live: A hundred facts point towards America's moral collapse and more! CLICK HERE TO LISTEN LIVE
Alabama Truth Radio News Live April 15th, 2014 Tonight on ATR News Live: A hundred facts point towards America's moral collapse and more! CLICK HERE TO LISTEN LIVE
The Truth Wins.com The collection of facts and statistics that you are about to read is highly controversial. A lot of people are going to be greatly upset by it. Why? Because they don't like to be confronted with the… Continue Reading
RenegadeEconomist FOUR HORSEMEN is an award winning independent feature documentary which lifts the lid on how the world really works. As we will never return to 'business as usual' 23 international thinkers, government advisors and Wall Street money-men break their… Continue Reading
Alabama Truth Radio News Live October 21st, 2013 Tonight on ATR News Live: Ben Swann uncovers a new nefarious mind control technique to be used on the American people by its own government! Russia recovers a huge piece of the… Continue Reading
Interfax People will lose their human dignity without values enshrined in Christianity and other world religions, without moral standards that have taken millennia to take shape, President Vladimir Putin has said. "We believe that it is natural and appropriate to… Continue Reading
Kelsey Stein al.com BIRMINGHAM, Alabama – A blonde, a brunette and a redhead walk up to an unmanned tea stand. Who's most likely to pay for a beverage, even if no one's looking? It sounds like a joke, but in fact… Continue Reading


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Here's a quick and easy way to create a fantastic pop art from a photo.This is an alternative to the more complicated method of using the pen tool, image adjustment, clipping masks, and others. The process we're going through make you realize it's not really that hard to make a pop art afterall, which were popularized by Warhohl and Lichtenstein. 1. PREPARING THE CANVASS Open photo in Photoshop. Duplicate this twice, thus creating 3 layers, namely, Background, Background Copy, and Background Copy 2. Crop photo if needed. In this tutorial the image is reduced to 684x745 pixels from its original size. 2. CREATING THE POP ART There are 3 main applications used here : Filters,Blending Option, and Color Balancing. First, we have to turn off the uppermost layer (Background copy 2), then proceed by activating the middle layer (Background copy) which we are going to work with. Next, we are going to posterize the photo and, to do this, go to Filter> Filter Gallery>Artistic>Poster Edges... Apply default values in the dialog box that appears. Here's the the result of the application above: Now that we're through posterizing the photo, we'll make a border of the photo. To do this, click the fx icon located below your layers palette and select Blending Options.. In the dialog box that appears, click Stroke and provide the values and settings as shown below. Note that the color selected is white for the above photo. Just click the square box provided to go to the Color Picker (below). A border was created as a result as shown below. Done with the border, we'll create a glow of it by selecting Inner Glow (still with Blending Options). Below photo has now a white border with gray inner glow. Below shows the application of Color Balance and its result. Just click that small circle divided with black and white in your layers palette to prompt you to the color balance properties (RGB color adjustment). 3. FINALIZING THE RESULT Applying Halftone Color and the right blending mode creates our final image result we're expecting - a pop art work! First, activate Background copy 2. Now, go to Filter>Pixelate>Color Halftone, then set the radius to 5. Our photo will look like this...a halftone photo effect. Finally, set the mode to Soft Light.. And the expected result!
Tag Archives: Roy Lichtenstein
Halftone Effect
Converting a normal (RGB or Grayscale) photo into a Bitmap (halftone) image is very interesting and gives a unique and dramatic effect. Unknown to many, halftone is a popular form of digital art which can be seen in comic books, magazines, newspapers, and other media. It is characterized by dotted figures basically in black and white and gray. This tutorial is largely inspired by the works of Roy Lichtenstein, a famous pop artist.
The following guides you through a 3-step instruction to achieve the expected result which can be done so easily, even a newbie find it a 'no sweat' stuff.
Photo used here is Scarlett Johansson.
Next, convert grayscale into bitmap (Image>Mode>Bitmap…).Under Bitmap, you may select the default values and press Ok.
Enter a lower value if you want the effect bigger and higher if smaller (dot distribution). Voila, you have your halftone effect!
Note: Before you can proceed to the next step, convert back the image into grayscale, then to RGB.
This is the result:


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White Midi Dress In MiamiDecember 14, 2017 - 44 Comments
I can't believe it's already been a week since I was in Miami for Art Basel. Time flies when you're having fun! Honestly the art is what brings me to Miami, but the weather is what makes me stay. It was so warm and sunny, which was the complete opposite from New York (I was in New York for a few days before I headed to Miami). I'm wearing this beautiful Patbo lace eyelet midi dress (similar version here and here, also affordable version here) with my new favorite pair of Manolo Blahnik Sebra Velvet-Bow Suede Pumps! As for my accessories I opted for this embellished Fendi Kan I leather bags (smaller version here) and Dior sunnies. I wore my hair straight down and kept my make up very minimal. All I did was clean up my brows using my favorite Giorgio Armani high precision brow pencil and added a little bit of color to my lips!
I've always been a fan of white summer dresses. I think they're simple yet look chic and polished! I really love the length and fit of this Patbo lace eyelet midi dress, so I looked online and found some similar versions of this dress for you guys here and here, and also an affordable version here! I first saw these pumps in store but they didn't have my size so I was kinda bummed. So I looked online and saw they were on sale (by the way they're still on sale, 30% off here!). I ordered them and brought them with me to Miami!
Patbo lace eyelet midi dress (similar version here and here, also affordable version here)
Manolo Blahnik Sebra Velvet-Bow Suede Pumps (similar version but in black here, also similar white pumps here, here, and here)
Fendi Kan I leather bags (smaller version here)
Dior sunnies


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Hello Mates, I am presenting a new system fonts apk which is 'Samsungsans.apk' that has a lot number of fonts. Remove the existing one from /system/app and place this one https://www.dropbox.com/s/56pawvyzk4e22bp/SamsungSans.apk Now through any ro...
😊 choice of sound/media output varies from user to user, still here is for you and for other mates- 1. Install viper https://www.dropbox.com/s/nb6nur5tw1tvtr1/ViPER4Android_FX_A4.x.apk Open it, grant root, let the driver installed, enable it an...
Hi mates, Though already this keyboard is here on another thread but I thought there should be a separate thread for this to find it easily. As usual, this amazing work has been done by the great E-team and for sure FULL CREDIT GOES TO THE E-team...
Hello mates, Presenting the way to have the Latest Photo Editor (S5) on 4.4.2 KK Rom. here are the steps: First through any root file browser go to /data/app Rename the com.sec.android.mimage.photoretouching.apk to com.sec.android.mimage.photoreto...
Eid Mubarak to all of you mates. Sent from my GT-N7100 using XDA Premium 4 mobile app


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My name is Tara and I run a small creative studio offering photography and styling for lifestyle brands (food, drink and beauty). As well as styling and photography, I work with with a specially selected group of design partners who are available for bigger projects which require creative muscle!
My home-studio is also available to hire for filming and photoshoots - perfect for daylight food shoots to lifestyle beauty shoots and everything in between.
When not shooting you can find me in the garden or at the garden centre! I also teach at a number workshops throughout the year and you can find out more about me here.


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Vincent's litigation practice focuses on intellectual property matters, including complex pharmaceutical patent litigation. Vincent also advises and represents clients in the life sciences and pharmaceutical industries on regulatory and privacy issues.
Vincent has appeared as counsel in both official languages before several Canadian courts, including the Federal Court, the Federal Court of Appeal, the Ontario Superior Court of Justice and Divisional Court, as well as the Quebec Superior Court and Court of Appeal. From 2000 to 2003, Vincent practised intellectual property and commercial litigation at a New York firm. After graduating from law school, Vincent served as a law clerk to Chief Justice Antonio Lamer of the Supreme Court of Canada.


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Allison Pant: Denim White
A very wearable trouser featuring a linen-lined elasticized waist. There are on-seam pockets at the sides and the legs gently taper towards the hem. Comfortable and roomy at the hips. We're seriously considering this as an all-season pant as it is so versatile and easy.
Model height 163cm.
free waist x 58 cm
28-38"x 23" x 38" x 12"
(max waist x inseam x hips x rise)
100% linen
machine wash gentle/dry cool or line-dry


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The rent will be covered for a maximum of 6 or 12 months depending on the cover period you choose when you purchased the policy.
Once vacant possession has been obtained following the successful eviction of your tenants, 75% of the rent will be payable for up to 2 months, or until the property is reoccupied, whichever occurs sooner.
TheHouseShop.com is a property marketplace that allows agents and individuals to list their homes to let and for sale for free. All landlords are verified to ensure that they own the property they are advertising with us.


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With All Eyes on Next Round of CSU Funding, Faculty to Urge Board of Trustees to Fight for the CSU
With California set to elect a new Governor who will decide the 2019-2020 state funding for the California State University system, Faculty to ramp up advocacy efforts and call for Trustees to fight aggressively for badly needed funds for the People's University
CSU Board of Trustees to meet in Long Beach, Sept. 11-12
Long Beach, CA— While September brings fresh energy from students and faculty back to California State University campuses, it also marks the beginning of the crucial budget process for the 2019-2020 school year.
And with a Gubernatorial election in November that will bring a new Governor to Sacramento who will determine the budget for the CSU, the faculty is preparing to ramp up its advocacy efforts to ensure the state's new leader is aware of the level of funding necessary to support the People's University.
A big part of that advocacy will focus on the Trustees and the Chancellor, who will have an important responsibility to quickly bring the state's new leader up to speed on the resources necessary to support the CSU system.
"To its credit, the current Board has had more lively discussions—and sometimes even debate—about the CSU's funding than any board in our collective memory. We are mindful that this budget request will go to a brand-new governor," notes CFA President Jennifer Eagan.
"So the coming meeting is an important opportunity to be more assertive, to ask for the money this university system really needs, for this generation of students, who are more diverse racially and ethnically than ever, and in a time when we need more college-educated people than ever," Eagan says.
"It is time to upend the trend in which CSU funding got lighter as our students got darker," she added.
At the upcoming CSU Board of Trustees meeting on September 11-12, California Faculty Association leaders and students from Students for Quality Education will challenge California State University Trustees and Chancellor Timothy P. White to be transparent about CSU spending so that the CSU can continue to fight aggressively to secure the appropriate additional funding it needs in the coming weeks and months.
The public meetings begin on Tuesday, September 11 at 10:30 am, including a session with the Committee on Educational Policy, which will provide an update on the Graduation Initiative 2025. The Committee on Finance will meet at 1:00 pm Tuesday and discuss a preliminary 2019-20 state funding request. Plenary begins at 8:30am on Wednesday. Full agenda is available here and reporters can watch the meetings live here.
MEDIA AVAILABILITY: California Faculty Association officers and activists will attend the Trustees meeting and will be will be available for comment and interviews.
ABOUT THE CALIFORNIA FACULTY ASSOCIATION: CFA represents more than 28,000 tenure-line instructional faculty, lecturers, librarians, counselors and coaches on the 23 campuses of the California State University system, from Humboldt State in the north, to San Diego State in the south. Learn more about CFA at calfac.org


text: October 26, 2018 The Sounds of Life Duo onboard Vision of the Seas See The World With Rick Cruise, Entertainment, Royal Caribbean, Travel, Vision of the Seas October 26, 2018October 26, 2018 1 Minute The Sounds of Life Duo These two wonderful ladies call themselves the Sounds of Life Duo. I really enjoyed listening to them play last night in the Schooner Bar on Royal Caribbean's Vision of the Seas. The Sounds of Life Duo Share this:TwitterFacebookLike this:Like Loading... TaggedLife DuoSchooner Bar Published by See The World With Rick Hello, my name is Rick. I have created this site to share my travels, which will mostly be from cruises that I take. I hope you enjoy my posts as I become more experienced with sharing my journeys. Thanks for visiting! View all posts by See The World With Rick Published October 26, 2018October 26, 2018


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Ep. 277 Tim Slagle
Tim Slagle is Mr. Right. An encore Dumb Bit about guns and why some people think we need more of them, not less of them.The Song of the Week is from Fitz and the Tantrums.
Tim Slagle at the Acme Comedy Company in Minneapolis November 8-12
P.F. is doing Last Call Trivia at The Eastgate Brew & View in Cincinnati,Tuesday November 8 at 7:00 p.m.
PF, Fangirl, and Nearly Lizzie on the TravelChannel.
Nearly Lizzie YouTube channel.
Be sure to click over to Fangirl's blog,CheckCheckHey! and her photo blog.
Follow P.F. on Twitter @PF66 and like this podcast on Facebook.
PF's Tape Recorder logo designed by Dan Koabel.
The PF's Tape Recorder Episode Guide is up.
Email our show here.
PF's Tape Recorderhas over 4,500 weekly listeners from all sources including iTunes, Stitcher, TuneIn, and more.


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In the late 70's Gibson (1979) introduced the concept of affordance. Initially framed around the needs of an organism in its environment, over the years the term has been appropriated and debated at length by a number of researchers in various fields. Most famous, perhaps is the disagreement between Gibson and Norman (1988) about whether affordances are inherent properties of objects or are only present when they are perceived by an organism. More recently, affordance has been drawn on in the educational arena, particularly with respect to multimodality (see Linder (2013) for a recent example). Here, Kress et al. (2001) have claimed that different modes have different specialized affordances. Then, building on this idea, Airey and Linder (2009) suggested that there is a critical constellation of modes that students need to achieve fluency in before they can experience a concept in an appropriate disciplinary manner. Later, Airey (2009) nuanced this claim, shifting the focus from the modes themselves to a critical constellation of semiotic resources, thus acknowledging that different semiotic resources within a mode often have different affordances (e.g. two or more diagrams may form the critical constellation).
In this theoretical paper the concept of disciplinary affordance (Fredlund et al., 2012) is suggested as a useful analytical tool for use in education. The concept makes a radical break with the views of both Gibson and Norman in that rather than focusing on the discernment of one individual, it refers to the disciplinary community as a whole. Put simply, the disciplinary affordances of a given semiotic resource are determined by those functions that the resource is expected to fulfil by the disciplinary community. Disciplinary affordances have thus been negotiated and developed within the discipline over time. As such, the question of whether these affordances are inherent or discerned becomes moot. Rather, from an educational perspective the issue is whether the meaning that a semiotic resource affords to an individual matches the disciplinary affordance assigned by the community. The power of the term for educational work is that learning can now be framed as coming to discern the disciplinary affordances of semiotic resources.
In this paper we will briefly discuss the history of the term affordance, define the term disciplinary affordance and illustrate its usefulness in a number of educational settings.
The strip coating material, Opticlean, which has been reformulated, has been shown to remove 1-5-mu m-diameter particles as well as contamination remaining from previous drag wipe cleaning on a used silicon wafer. In addition, no residue that produced scattering was found on a fresh silicon wafer when Opticlean was applied and then stripped off. The total integrated scattering technique used for the measurements could measure scattering levels of He-Ne laser light as low as a few ppm (parts in 106), corresponding to a surface roughness of <1 Angstrom rms.
Detta är bakgrunden till att små barn är fascinerande av att leka Titt-ut,men som alla föräldrar vet så försvinner den lekens lockelse när barnet blir äldre. Barn utvecklas snabbt i de yngre åren, vilket skapar både möjligheter och begränsningar för hur lärande i naturvetenskap och kemi uppstår i förskolan och grundskolan. Det finns många skäl till att kemirelaterade aktiviteter bör introduceras i de yngre åren och i det här kapitlet diskuteras några av dessa skäl ur ett kemididaktiskt perspektiv. Kapitlet är uppbyggt kring några av de betydande framsteg som gjorts i den utvecklingspsykologiska forskningen under de senaste tjugo åren (Gärdenfors, 2006). Idag vet vi ganska mycket om hur våra hjärnor fungerar och utvecklas. Insprängt i denna beskrivning kommer jag att reflektera kring hur detta skulle kunna påverka valet av innehåll när det gäller naturvetenskapligt lärande för yngre barn. På slutet sammanfattar jag tankarna om innehåll med ett speciellt fokus på kemi.
Upon core ionization of a free molecule or a molecule adsorbed on a metal surface, higher binding energy satellites are observed, so called "shake-up" satellites, which can be viewed as valence excitations simultaneously to the creation of the core hole. In this thesis, theoretical studies of such core level XPS satellites in transition metal systems are presented, as well as cluster calculations of XES spectra, using the quantum mechanical INDO method. The main motivation of these studies is to get a more detailed understanding of the bonding between the adsorbed molecules and the metal and the screening process accompanying the creation of the core hole. This interest is motivated by fundamental questions about the adsorbate-substrate interaction as well as technical applications, such as catalysis.
It has been found that many aspects of extended adsorbate systems, where CO is coordinated to metal atoms, can be modelled by transition metal carbonyls such as Mo(CO)6, Cr(CO)6 and Ni(CO)4. The bonding between the core ionized CO group and the transition metal, consists of an interaction between, on the one hand, the sigma lone pair of the ligand and, on the other hand, the metal d-orbitals and the CO antibonding pi-star orbital of the CO-group, i.e. a sigma donation from the ligand and pi donation from the metal. It is the changes in this bonding which are responsible for the dominant features of the shake-up spectra in the studied model molecules. The main conclusion of the three abovementioned case studies is that new excitations involving charge transfer from the metal to the ionized ligand occur with significant probability in the metal carbonyls, in addition to the internal excitations present also in free CO.
In extending the model towards larger systems, calculations of CO/Ni(100), N2//Ni(100), CO/Cu(100) and benzene/Cu(100) were undertaken, where the metal surface was modelled by clusters of 1-12 metal atoms. Many of the features from the metal carbonyls are found also in these systems. The most important added feature is the presence of high-intensity metal-metal excitations, which mainly affect the shape of the main line.
Ground state cluster calculations were performed to explain the XES spectra of CO adsorbed on Ni(100) and Cu(100) surfaces. It was found that the calculations reproduce the important characteristics of the experimental spectra, and were used as a support for the assignments of the involved states.
An introduction to the stress-induced birefringence of solids, with emphasis on cubic and amorphous materials, is given. Most available experimental data have been obtained in the frequency region below the electronic absorption edge: the corresponding coefficients of the stress-optical tensor are then real. Above the edge (and also in the IR region of the Reststrahlen) they become complex. Ellipsometry is an excellent tool for the investigation of complex stress-optical functions. It also yields the hydrostatic pressure induced changes in the dielectric functions. Data obtained recently for diamond and zincblende-type crystals and their theoretical interpretation are discussed.
Due to the instrument designed by using a common surface plasmon resonance biosensor is extremely expensive, we established a portable and cost-effective surface plasmon resonance biosensing system. It is mainly composed of laser line generator, P-polarizer, customized prism, microfluidic cell, and line Charge Coupled Device (CCD) array. Microprocessor PIC24FJ128GA006 with embedded A/D converter, communication interface circuit and photoelectric signal amplifier circuit are used to obtain the weak signals from the biosensing system. Moreover, the line CCD module is checked and optimized on the number of pixels, pixels dimension, output amplifier and the timing diagram. The micro-flow cell is made of stainless steel with a high thermal conductivity, and the microprocessor based Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) temperature-controlled algorithm was designed to keep the constant temperature (25 °C) of the sample solutions. Correspondingly, the data algorithms designed especially to this biosensing system including amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm, data normalization and curve plotting were programmed efficiently. To validate the performance of the biosensor, ethanol solution samples at the concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% in volumetric fractions were used, respectively. The fitting equation ΔRU=-752987.265+570237.348×RI with the R-Square of 0.97344 was established by delta response units (ΔRUs) to refractive indexes (RI). The maximum relative standard deviation (RSD) of 4.8% was obtained.
This thesis examines meaning-making in three different areas of undergraduate physics: the refraction of light; electric circuits; and, electric potential and electric potential energy. In order to do this, a social semiotic perspective was constituted for the thesis to facilitate the analysis of meaning-making in terms of the semiotic resources that are typically used in the teaching and learning of physics. These semiotic resources include, for example, spoken and written language, diagrams, graphs, mathematical equations, gestures, simulations, laboratory equipment and working practices.
The empirical context of the thesis is introductory undergraduate physics where interactive engagement was part of the educational setting. This setting presents a rich data source, which is made up of video- and audio recordings and field notes for examining how semiotic resources affect physics teaching and learning.
Theory building is an integral part of the analysis in the thesis, which led to the constitution of a new analytical tool – patterns of disciplinary-relevant aspects. Part of this process then resulted in the development of a new construct, disciplinary affordance, which for a discipline such as physics, refers to the inherent potential of a semiotic resource to provide access to disciplinary knowledge. These two aspects, in turn, led to an exploration of new empirical and theoretical links to the Variation Theory of Learning.
The implications of this work for the teaching and learning of physics means that new focus is brought to the physics content (object of learning), the semiotic resources that are used to deal with that content, and how the semiotic resources are used to create patterns of variation within and across the disciplinary-relevant aspects. As such, the thesis provides physics teachers with new and powerful ways to analyze the semiotic resources that get used in efforts to optimize the teaching and learning of physics.
In this theoretical article we propose three factors that can enhance the possibilities for learning physics from representations, namely: (1) the identification of disciplinary-relevant aspects for a particular disciplinary task, such as solving a physics problem or explaining a phenomenon, (2) the selection of appropriate representations that showcase these disciplinary-relevant aspects, and (3) the creation of variation within the selected representations to help students notice these disciplinary-relevant aspects and the ways in which they are related to each other. An illustration of how these three factors can guide teachers in their efforts to promote physics learning is presented.
Research has shown that interactive engagement enhances student learning outcomes. A growing body of research suggests that the representations we use in physics are important in such learning environments. In this paper we draw on a number of sources in the literature to explore the role of representations in interactive engagement in physics. In particular we are interested in the potential for sharing disciplinary knowledge inherent in so-called persistent representations (such as equations, diagrams and graphs), which we use in physics. We use selected extracts from a case study, where a group of senior undergraduate physics students are asked to explain the phenomenon of refraction, to illustrate implications for interactive engagement. In this study the ray diagram that was initially introduced by the students did not appear to sufficiently support their interactive engagement. However, the introduction of a wavefront diagram quickly led their discussion to an agreed conclusion. From our analysis we conclude that in interactive engagement it is important to choose appropriate persistent representations to coordinate the use of other representations such as speech and gestures. Pedagogical implications and future research are proposed.
Klyftan mellan vardagsspråket och språkbruket i en naturvetenskaplig disciplin, som t.ex. fysik, kan upplevas problematisk av den som inte har tillägnat sig det aktuella vetenskapliga språket. Detta blir extra tydligt om vi utökar definitionen av "språk" till att också innefatta andra semiotiska resurser än talad och skriven text, som t.ex figurer, grafer, ekvationer och andra "artefakter" såsom laboratorieutrustning. Olika semiotiska resurser kan antas ha olika styrkor, och lämna kompletterande information. Från ett lärandeperspektiv är det viktigt att veta hur den nämnda språkklyftan kan överbryggas, särskilt när nya fenomen ska introduceras i undervisningen. Finns det för ett visst fenomen någon semiotisk resurs (läs språngbräda) som är särskilt viktig för förståelsen av de vetenskapliga förklaringarna?
Refraktion är ett fysikaliskt fenomen som innebär att exempelvis ljus ändrar riktning, bryts, när det går från ett medium till ett annat, i vilka ljushastigheterna är olika. Denna riktningsändring ger upphov till att en rak pinne som är delvis i luften och delvis nedsänkt i vatten, ser ut att böjas vid vattenytan. Detta fenomen kan beskrivas av en rad olika semiotiska resurser, som olika typer av diagram och ekvationer. I denna undersökning har jag tittat på vilka semiotiska resurser som används när tre fysikstudenter diskuterar hur de skulle förklara upplevelsen att en pinne delvis nedsänkt i vatten ser ut att böjas vid vattenytan för dels en icke fysik-studerande, dels en kurskamrat i en fysikkurs. Diskussionen har videofilmats och transkriberats. Ytterligare material har insamlats från liknande gruppdiskussioner, där deltagarna fått anteckna sina resultat på papper. Data har analyserats efter vilka semiotiska resurser som förekommer, och vilken betydelse de haft för diskussionen.
Resultatet av undersökningen kommer att presenteras i form av en poster, där bilder på de använda semiotiska resurserna visas. Den pågående analysen antyder att en viss typ av diagram, som utnyttjar ljusets vågnatur, är av särskild vikt för förståelsen av detta fenomen, och en möjlig nyckel till djupare förståelse av fenomenet.
This article proposes a social semiotic approach to analysing objects of learning in terms of their critical aspects.
The design for this article focuses on how the semiotic resources – including language, equations, and diagrams – that are commonly used in physics teaching realise the critical aspects of a common physics object of learning. A social semiotic approach to the analysis of a canonical text extract from optics is presented to illustrate how critical aspects can be identified.
Implications for university teaching and learning of physics stemming from this social semiotic approach are suggested.
Hitherto under-explored similarities between the Variation Theory of Learning, which underpins learning studies, and a social semiotic approach to meaning-making are identified. These similarities are used to propose a new, potentially very powerful approach to identifying critical aspects of objects of learning.
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Student learning typically takes place in a range of situational contexts. In this paper we consider "sets of situations that have certain relevant aspects in common" (Marton, 2006, p. 503) where each aspect involved is qualitatively unique. We argue that in order for students to come to holistically experience the relevant disciplinary knowledge, they need to become familiar with enacting those relevant aspects (i.e. expressing them with semiotic resources, such as spoken and written language, equations and images.).
We suggest it is possible to construct idealized patterns of the aspects that a discipline deems to be relevant for a given field of knowledge – thus characterizing its typical situations and phenomena. We call such a pattern an "idealized pattern of disciplinary relevant aspects" (IPDRA). Each of the aspects that together constitute an IPDRA can be seen to be manifested in discourse in terms of particular configurations, partly prescribed by the "rules" governing the semiotic resource at hand (such as grammar for language). The discursive configurational patterns (cf. Lemke's, 1990, "thematic patterns"; and Tang et al.'s, 2011, "multimodal thematic patterns") that can be empirically found in student discourse can then be compared with the IPDRA to see whether the required aspects have been enacted.
The semiotic resources that are used in a scientific discipline are often highly specialized. Any given semiotic resource may therefore be more appropriate for expressing certain (combinations of) situational aspects (what we have called its "disciplinary affordances", see Fredlund, Airey, & Linder, 2012). We argue it is the disciplinary affordances that determine which semiotic resources that can do which work in terms of representing the knowledge captured by an IPDRA. A pedagogical implication of this is that students need to become fluent in, and learn to choose, those semiotic resources that have the most appropriate disciplinary affordances for enacting a given IPDRA.
In this paper we demonstrate how different semiotic resources have different disciplinary affordances and thus how changing the semiotic resource can lead to the possibility to enact different aspects of disciplinary knowledge.
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In this article we characterize transient learning challenges as learning challenges that arise out of teaching situations rather than conflicts with prior knowledge. We propose that these learning challenges can be identified by paying careful attention to the representations that students produce. Once a transient learning challenge has been identified, teachers can create interventions to address it. By illustration, we argue that an appropriate way to design such interventions is to create variation around the disciplinary-relevant aspects associated with the transient learning challenge.
The sharing of knowledge in physics uses representations that the discipline has built a great deal of information into. In many cases, much of this information is not immediately visible because it has been "packed" in ways that can only be accessed by specific disciplinary ways of seeing. For example, consider the de Sitter space represented by a particular hyperboloid.
This is a powerful representation for physicists working in the field of string theory because, inter alia, it can provide de Sitter space with a multiplicity of coordinate systems (Domert, 2006, p. 30). At the same time such a representation can present challenges to student learning; students would have to learn to "see" what "lies behind" the representation. In this case, for example, how R is related to the concept of a de Sitter horizon.
While for physicists such a representation might evoke a rich awareness (or perhaps rather help constraining that awareness, cf. Ainsworth, 2006), it conceivably evokes little appropriate disciplinary meaning when first met by students. Northedge (2002) argues that physics teachers may not be aware that what they have learnt to "see" is not directly accessible to learners. That is, while physicists have developed a competency that allows them to immediately see the "disciplinary affordances" of a representation ("the inherent potential of that representation to provide access to disciplinary knowledge", Fredlund, Airey, & Linder, 2012, p. 658) they fail to recognize that their students may not, or even cannot, see what lies behind that representation.
Much research has shown that students often learn surprisingly little from traditional teaching resources such as talk-and-chalk followed by problem solving (Redish, 2003). To deal with this challenge several research-informed resources have been developed and empirically shown to enhance students' learning outcomes. Widely used examples include Tutorials (McDermott & Shaffer, 2002), Active Learning (Van Heuvelen & Etkina, 2006) and Peer Instruction (Crouch & Mazur, 2001). However, these resources have not been accompanied with a theoretical framing that would enable physics teachers to develop their own teaching resources. We believe that such a theoretical framing exists: creating the explicit experience of dimensions of variation (Marton & Booth, 1997).
In this presentation we develop this argument and illustrate it using examples of how representations can be varied in ways that facilitate the noticing of educationally critical aspects.
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This theoretical article problematizes the access to disciplinary knowledge that different physics representations have the possibility to provide; that is, their disciplinary affordances. It is argued that historically such access has become increasingly constrained for students as physics representations have been rationalized over time. Thus, the case is made that such rationalized representations, while powerful for communication from a disciplinary point of view, manifest as learning challenges for students. The proposal is illustrated using a vignette from a student discussion in the physics laboratory about circuit connections for an experimental investigation of the charging and discharging of a capacitor. It is concluded that in order for students to come to appreciate the disciplinary affordances of representations, more attention needs to be paid to their "unpacking." Building on this conclusion, two questions are proposed that teachers can ask themselves in order to begin to unpack the representations that they use in their teaching. The paper ends by proposing directions for future research in this area.
We review recent work on sputter deposited W-oxide-based films. Improved electrochemical durability was obtained by electron bombardment during deposition, and enhanced coloration/bleaching dynamics was obtained by fluorination. Spectrally resolved scattering measurements indicated that haze levels ≪ 1 % could be reached. Oblique angle deposition could yield angular selectivity. New results are given for sputtered Ti-Ce oxide films, showing their capacity as counter electrodes in transparent electrochromic devices.
The purpose with the study is to examine the complex problem of brands, in a competition - and cooperation situation.
Varför är det så få elever som väljer att läsa fysik nuförtiden? Många citat tillskrivna Albert Einstein vittnar om en glädje att lära sig förstå naturen. Ändå är det idag många som upplever att fysik i skolan är tråkigt (Lindahl, 2003). Måste det verkligen vara så? Tänk om skolan kunde fånga något av det som lockade Einstein.
Fysik kan ge omskakande insikter om vår värld på ett filosofiskt plan. Ofta förmedlas fysik i undervisningen som en odiskutabel och färdig produkt, trots att vi fortfarande inte vet särskilt mycket om hur världen fungerar egentligen. Kanske skulle det inspirera flera att läsa fysik om undervisningen även tog upp frågor som inte har färdiga svar. Går det att väcka liv i den filosofiska diskussionen som fördes mellan Albert Einstein och Niels Bohr om tolkningen av kvantfysik?
This paper proposes a novel mechanically tunable waveguide filter design, based on a coupled resonator topology. The resonator geometry consists of a rectangular waveguide cavity and a dielectric cylinder. Unlike conventional cylindrical resonators which are made out of a single part, here the cylinders are cut in half. By changing the distance between these two parts, the resonating frequency of the resonator can be changed, which allows for a tunable filter design. A filter using the proposed geometry has a large tuning bandwidth as well as relatively constant passband frequencies. The performance of the proposed filter is demonstrated by evaluating the filter using 3D simulation software CST Studio Suite.
Electrochromic W-oxide-based films were produced by reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering. Fluorination and substrate bias were used to modify the film properties. Spectral measurements of the total and diffuse light scattering showed that the diffuse component remained at much less than 1% in the visible, irrespective of electrochemical degradation, which is low enough for smart windows applications.
We report a reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS) study of the optical anisotropy of GaAs:(001) surface quantum wells consisting of a thin GaAs layer (3-30 nm thick) embedded between an arsenic reconstructed surface and an AlAs barrier. The RDS spectra display anisotropic contributions from the free surface and from the GaAs/AlAs interface. By comparing RDS spectra for the c(4×4) and (2×4) surface reconstructions, we separate these two contributions, and demonstrate that the anisotropy around the E1 and E1+Δ1 transitions comprises a component originating from modifications of bulk states near the surface. The latter is attributed to anisotropic strains induced by the surface reconstruction. The experimental data are well described by a model for the RDS response of the multilayer structures, which also takes into account the blue energy shifts and the changes in oscillator strength of the E1 and E1+Δ1 transitions induced by quantum-well confinement.
We report Reflectance Difference (RD) measurement on (001) GaAs surface quantum wells (QW) under Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) conditions from 1.7 to 5.0eV. The QW is embedded between an arsenic-rich reconstructed GaAs surface and an AlAs barrier. The samples, grown by MBE with a protective arsenic cap layer, were heated to 320 and 430°C to desorb the As layer and form c(4 x 4) and (2 x 4) surface reconstructions, respectively. By modifying the surface reconstructure, we are able to separate the contributions to the optical anisotropy from the surface region (mainly associated with the As dimers) from those originating below the surface.
Integrated light scattering, from thin, transparent silicon wafers with different front and backside surface roughness is investigated. The measurements are made at near normal incidence in the IR wavelength region 5 to 20 μm using an integrating sphere. A method to separate the scattering contribution from each interface for measurements on transparent samples is introduced. Scalar scattering theory is used to calculate the effective root mean square roughness from reflectance and transmittance measurements, and these values are compared to profilometer data, correcting for the different bandwidth limits. Scattering measurements are performed with both the rough and the smooth surface of the wafer oriented toward the light source, which results in additional knowledge. The maximum ratio between the root mean square roughness and the wavelength of the light, to be used in scalar theory, is found to be considerably higher for the transmittance case than for the reflectance case. In agreement with theory, the calculated root mean square roughness is found to be proportional to the refractive index of incident medium in reflectance, and to the difference in refractive indices of incident and refracting medium for the transmittance case.
Total and diffuse reflectance spectra were measured on Al surfaces covered with electrochromic W oxide films in colored and bleached states. Vector perturbation theory was used for analyzing the spectra. The diffuse reflectance appeared to originate from correlated (uncorrelated) interface roughness when the W oxide film was fully colored (bleached). Assuming partially correlated interfaces led to agreement between experimental and calculated spectra. The use of an electrochromic film appears a promising method to control the relative contributions of the interfaces to the resulting scattering.
This paper explores the possibility and relevance of theological study of backward time travel and its consequences. An examination of current research on backward time travel reveals a number of interdisciplinary topics which are not handled within physics. Some of these topics, mainly concerning free will and determination, are of interest to philosophers, whereas topics such as meaning and responsibility are left aside. In theology, there is a general dismissal of the idea of backward time travel. This study claims that this negative stance may be the result of taking science and its methods too seriously. The result of the study is that the interdisciplinary questions connected to backward time travel makes the subject very relevant for theological reflection. Thought experiments on backward time travel can provide valuable insights on how we deal with our lives, our world, time, and God today.
The vector problem of time-harmonic electromagnetic wave diffraction by a system of non-intersecting solid inhomogeneous bodies, infinitely thin perfectly conducting screens and wire antennas is considered. The original boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations is reduced to a system of integro-differential equations over the volume domains, the screen surfaces and antennas. To solve the integral equations approximately, the Bubnov-Galerkin method is applied; basis functions on the body, the screens and antennas are introduced as well as formulas for matrix elements in the Galerkin method. To solve the problem of diffraction by obstacles of complex shape, the subhierarchical approach is applied. © 2015 IEEE.
The conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), or PEDOT, is an attractive material for flexible electronics. We present combined molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations, based on density functional theory, of EDOT oligomers and isoelectronic selenium and tellurium derivatives (EDOS and EDOTe) to address the effect of temperature on the geometrical and electronic properties of these systems. With finite size scaling, we also extrapolate our results to the infinite polymers, i.e., PEDOT, PEDOS, and PEDOTe. Our computations indicate that the most favourable oligomer conformations at finite temperature are conformations around the flat trans-conformation and a non-flat conformation around 45° from the cis-conformation. Also, the dihedral stiffness increases with the atomic number of the heteroatom. We find excellent agreement with experimentally measured gaps for PEDOT and PEDOS. For PEDOT, the gap does not increase with temperature, whereas this is the case for its derivatives. The conformational disorder and the choice of the basis set both significantly affect the calculated gaps.
Varför är teknikyrket sällan något som ungdomar vill satsa på? Tror de att den teknik som de gärna använder – mobiltelefoner, datorer, spelkonsoler, surfplattor m.m. – utvecklas av sig själva så att man inte behöverbry sig om att bidra till detta? Kan man verkligen livnära sig på "självförverkligande", som tycks ha varit ledordet för tonåringar under alltför lång tid? De svenska industriföretagen som representeras av organisationen Teknikföretagen har reagerat och likaså fackföreningen Sveriges Ingenjörer. Teknikföretagen har å sin sida sedan länge alarmerat om bristerna i teknikundervisning i grundskolan och dess konsekvenser i två rapporter (Teknikföretagen, 2006, 2013) och Sveriges Ingenjörer konstaterade redan 2007 i ett pressmeddelande att "bristen på kvalificerad arbetskraft har redan börjat visat sig och om inget görs kommer det år 2020 att fattas 50 000 ingenjörer" (Sveriges Ingenjörer, 2007). Denna siffra motsvarar ungefär 25 % av de ingenjörer, civilingenjörer, tekniker och arkitekter som Statistiska centralbyrån, SCB, redovisade i Sverige år 2006. Det är väl inte säkert att det behövs lika många ingenjörer 2020 som då, men man måste förmoda att Sverige även i framtiden har en industri som kräver kvalificerad teknisk personal. Hur skall vi annars bibehålla vårt välstånd i landet?
I denna artikel beskrivs hur teknikundervisningen i den svenska grundskolan skall gå tillväga utifrån kursplanetexten, men frågan är om lärarna besitter kompetens i tillräcklig mån för att genomföra kursplanensintentioner. I artikeln diskuteras även möjligheten, eller svårigheten, till framtida lärarförsörjning genom att ta exempel från lärarutbildningen vid Högskolan i Gävle.
A multipurpose instrument for the measurement of reflectance and transmittance versus angle of incidence for both specular and diffuse samples in the solar wavelength range has been constructed and evaluated. The instrument operates in the single-beam mode and uses a common light source for three experimental setups. Two integrating spheres, 20 cm in diameter, are used for diffuse transmittance and reflectance measurements. The transmittance sphere can be turned around an axis through the sample to vary the angle of incidence. The reflectance sphere uses a center mounted sample and a special feature is the position of the detector, which is mounted on the sample holder at the center of the sphere. This way the detector always sees the same part of the sphere wall and no light can reach the detector directly from the sample. The third setup is an absolute instrument for specular samples. It uses a small averaging sphere as a detector. The detector is mounted on an arm which rotates around the center of the sample, and it can thus pick up both the reflected and transmitted beams including all multiply reflected components. The averaging sphere detector is insensitive to small side shifts of the detected beams and no multiple reflections between detector and optical system occur. In this report a number of calibration procedures are presented for the three experimental setups and models for the calculation of correct transmittance and reflectance values from measured data are presented. It is shown that for integrating sphere measurements, the geometry of the sphere and the diffusivity of the sample as well as the sphere wall reflectance and port losses are important factors that influence the result. For the center mounted configuration these factors are particularly important and special emphasis is given to the evaluation of the reflectance sphere model. All three instrument setups are calibrated using certified reference materials and nonscattering mirrors and substrates. The results are also compared to the results of a double-beam Beckman integrating sphere for near normal angles of incidence and Fresnel calculations. The results in this article show that good agreement is obtained between results from the different instruments if, and only if, proper evaluation procedures are applied to the measured signals.
The pomeron structure function is-extracted from the HI data and is subject to a leading-order QCD analysis. We compare the results obtained from the DGLAP equations with and without corrected for gluon recombination. Both cases give good fits to data but different results for the gluon distribution.
This book is intended as an undergraduate textbook in electrodynamics at basic or advanced level. The objective is to attain a general understanding of the electrodynamic theory and its basic experiments and phenomena in order to form a foundation for further studies in the engineering sciences as well as in modern quantum physics.
The outline of the book is obtained from the following principles:
• Base the theory on the concept of force and mutual interaction
• Connect the theory to experiments and observations accessible to the student
• Treat the electric, magnetic and inductive phenomena cohesively with respect to force, energy, dipoles and material
• Present electrodynamics using the same principles as in the preceding mechanics course
• Aim at explaining that theory of relativity is based on the magnetic effect
• Introduce field theory after the basic phenomena have been explored in terms of force
Although electrodynamics is described in this book from its 1st principles, prior knowledge of about one semester of university studies in mathematics and physics is required, including vector algebra, integral and differential calculus as well as a course in mechanics, treating Newton's laws and the energy principle.
The target groups are physics and engineering students, as well as professionals in the field, such as high school teachers and employees in the telecom industry. Chemistry and computer science students may also benefit from the book.
Det är kanske inte helt enkelt att ge en allmänt accepterad definition av ämnet fysik. Både uppslagsböcker och fysiker ger skiftande svar på frågan. Min egen uppfattning är att fysik handlar om och utgår ifrån begreppet kra vilket tillsammans med begreppet energi bildar dess kärna. Särskilt vill jag framhålla den definition som anges av Bonniers svenska ordbok: Fysik är "vetenskapen om naturkrafterna och energin i dess olika former". Min strävan är att låta denna definition löpa som en röd tråd i undervisningen och i denna bok.
Vi lägger därför största vikt på kraftbegreppet och dess konsekvens: växelverkningen. I första kapitlet (kapitel 2) fokuserar vi på de olika slag av kraftverkan som förekommer mellan elektriska laddningar vilka direkt kan relateras till deras rörelse, dvs. laddningar i vila, i likformig rörelse och i acceleration. Dessa krafter benämns elektrisk, magnetisk respektive induktiv. Vi behandlar alltså dessa växelverkningar sammanhållet och formulerar de kraftformler som beskriver observationer och mätningar.
De följande kapitlen är mer eller mindre raka tillämpningar av kraftformlerna. Begreppet energi, som införs i kapitel 3, utgår ifrån och är en direkt konsekvens av kraft via begreppet arbete. Vi visar hur denna princip tillämpas för både elektrisk och magnetisk energi. Kapitel 4 behandlar makroskopiska system vars egenskaper erhålls via en summering av ömsesidiga växelverkningar mellan infinitesimala element. I tillämpningar är systemen ofta homogena och beräkningarna kan då förenklas med hjälp av de geometriska kvantiteterna kapacitans och induktans. I kapitel 5 och 6 diskuteras ledaren och elektriska kretsar vilket utgör den experimentella miljö ur vilken elektrodynamiken har utvecklats och tekniska tillämpningar har sitt ursprung. Vi behandlar först den mikroskopiska beskrivningen av elektrisk ledning, resistansens ursprung och dess relation till värmeutveckling. Vidare diskuteras resonanskretsen och de övriga två kretskomponenterna: kapacitans och induktans.
I kapitel 7 introduceras den elektriska och magnetiska dipolen, väsentliga begrepp eftersom naturen vanligen är konstruerad eller kan åtminstone approximeras till att bestå av dylika objekt. Centralt är då uttrycken för elektrisk och magnetisk dipol-dipolväxelverkan. Dessa är fundamentala för naturens dynamik. I kapitel 8 studerar vi hur olika elektriskt och magnetiskt neutrala material responderar på elektrisk och magnetisk påverkan och utgår då ifrån att materialet är uppbyggt av dipoler. Den matematiskt strikta behandlingen av dipol-, eller generellt multipol-, växelverkan presenteras i tillhörande appendix A och B.
I kapitel 9 visar vi konceptuellt hur den magnetiska och induktiva dynamiken följer som rörelsekonsekvenser av den elektriska under antagandet att växelverkningar tar tid, de förmedlas med ljusets fart. Alternativt kan man utifrån kännedom om elektrisk och magnetisk kraft härleda ljusets fart. Vi kommer i ett specialfall kunna härleda såväl den magnetiska kraften som Faraday- Henrys induktionslag. Vidare visas hur elektrodynamiken är relaterad till relativitetsteorin. Faktum är att magnetism är den rörelsekonsekvens på vilken den speciella relativitetsteorin baseras. Eftersom vi utgår ifrån begreppet kraft är materialet unikt för denna bok.
I kapitel 9 introduceras också Lorentz-tranformationer i form av en handledning för att självständigt kunna utveckla denna den formella basen för speciell relativitetsteori. Förkunskaper till kapitel 9 är endast kapitel 1-3 varför dessa fyra kapitel kan utgöra en kortkurs inom basal elektrodynamik och dess relation till relativitetsteori. I kapitel 10, slutligen, introduceras fältteorin för elektrodynamiken vilket leder oss till Maxwells ekvationer, grunden för den elektrobaserade ingenjörsvetenskapen. Fälten är förvisso redan definierade genom kraftformlerna, men uttrycks i Maxwells ekvationer som sin divergens och rotation. Vi motiverar detta genom att visa att fältens randvillkor är på så sätt givna.
Ett viktigt särdrag hos denna bok är sålunda att fältteorin introduceras det att de fysiska fenomen som utgör elektrodynamiken beskrivits, tolkats och behandlats i termer av de grundläggande krafterna.


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We'll reply within 24 hours. Pinky promise.
Our hotly sort after factory tour of good old fashion local coffee roasting. Tribe brings you to one of few remaining local coffee roasters in a nondescript neighbourhood that even locals take for granted. Here, you will learn about the coffee beans, where they are from, roasting techniques that is unique to this part of the world, coffee secrets, optimum brewing temperature, but more importantly, the Natives or heroes that is behind this factory.
The minute you approach, the strong and fragrant aroma of coffee hits you and depending on the time of day, you get to see the different stages of roasting and preparation of the finished product. Here, the 'uncles' of the factory speak no English but rather a dialect. They allow you to touch the beans, sample some coffee of course and if they really like you, allow you to rake to cool the piping hot coffee beans!
Just as popular, is our visit to a local bread factory where only five remain. Here, Tribe gives you a behind-the-scenes walk through to explain this oldie but goodie and why these are different from the mass produced bread off the shelves. If you love old retro stuff that is fast going out of fashion, you will love to see the old equipment and wooden boards still used at old factories like these.
What good is a bread factory visit without sampling warm freshly baked bread....
Have you ever been to a old local coffee roasting factory?
You drink kopi at the local hawker centre everyday, do you know how our local coffee beans are different from the Starbucks cuppa?
If you are a coffee junkie...
If you like old school bread...
If you have a keen interest on fast fading traditions
Free coffee smells in your hair and clothes that last you the entire day
Warm preservative free local bread
Free coffee smells in your hair and clothes that last you the entire day
Warm preservative free local bread
Free coffee smells in your hair and clothes that last you the entire day
Warm preservative free local bread
Poise and professional describe Catalina very well. She is a dream to work with. She has a lovely calm persona, and very relaxed in her delivery, she instantly puts her guests at ease. She feels like a friend you haven't met in awhile. But behind all that ease is a meticulous professional who puts in hours of research before each tour. No wonder she is consistently everyone's favourite guide. Did we say she guides in both French and English?See Full Profile


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Learn About The Workings Ofa Quote Providing Cleaning Services Website
Quote providing services provide an important service. They can be thought of as insurance agents or stock market investor advisors. They have a wide array of service providers working with them. You get to use their services to find the service provider that suits your needs. These cleaning quote companies provide that service for cleaning services.
By knowing how window cleaning service Sydney works, you will have no apprehensions about using their services. A lot of us have taken to using online services, like a fish that takes to water. We buy a lot of stuff online. There is a catch. Many of us don't feel like using the professional window cleaning Sydney for our cleaning needs. This probably has to do with the fact that, domestic cleaning is not like a computer or a mobile phone. This is something you don't want to get from window cleaning Sydney. You want to find a domestic cleaning agent yourself, via local ads. It is time to clear off this misconception about window cleaning service Sydney. Once you know about the working of professional window cleaning Sydney, you will not turn back, ever.
The sequence to work with window cleaning Sydney can be broken down into three simple steps. The first step is about providing information to the window cleaning service Sydney. The next step is about, the service providers contacting you. The last step is about making the decision about the cleaning professional window cleaning Sydney, and closing the case with the window cleaning Sydney. Let us look at the first step now, the part about information gathering. This is the part where the window cleaning service Sydney will ask you to provide knowledge about your cleaning needs. The way to do this is easy. You visit the professional window cleaning Sydney website. Here, you will find the window cleaning Sydney form that contains the basic info needed. You will need to provide the window cleaning service Sydney with information like your name, contact info, type of cleaning – domestic or commercial, and of course number of windows.
This information will then be collected by the professional window cleaning Sydney, and sent to the top cleaning companies. These cleaning companies would have been chosen by the window cleaning Sydney carefully. The window cleaning service Sydney would have done all the necessary background checking, collected relevant documents and anything else that is mandated by law. That is how you know that, your information give to the professional window cleaning Sydney, is shared with the best cleaning companies. Of these cleaning companies, the top three are chosen by the window cleaning Sydney. These three are allowed to send their quotes to you. The quote will be provided to you, and this is the part where you have to make a choice.
The window cleaning service Sydney provided tips about choosing the best provider comes down to price and experience. The professional window cleaning Sydney advises you to look at the pricing, if you are budget conscious. If you are more concerned about quality work, then ignore the pricing but look at the total experience and past work of the window cleaning Sydney. Eventually, make a good choice to meet your cleaning needs.
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Fungus gnats are nuisance pests that occur indoors throughout the winter months. They breed and develop in overwatered potted plants. Many people do not realize plants take up less water in the winter, continue to water regularly, thereby creating a suitable habitat in the soil for the fungus gnat to complete its life cycle.
Adults are grayish-black, about 1/8-inch long and have one pair of wings. At first glance, they may appear similar to fruit flies, but they complete their development in top layers of soil. Females lay 100–150 eggs in moist potting soil and the larvae feed and develop on the fungi and organic matter. Fungus gnat larvae are white, slender, legless maggots with translucent bodies and dark heads. Larval feeding sometimes includes gnawing on the roots and stems of plants.
In warm conditions, overlapping generations may occur, producing large populations which can cause spotting, curling, yellowing or plant death. After pupating in the soil, they emerge as winged adults, bothering people by flying around faces, lights, windows and food items.
In order to eliminate a fungus gnat infestation, the life cycle must be broken. This can be done by removing the fungus in which they breed, while simultaneously reducing the number of breeding and egg-laying adults. A non-chemical approach is to reduce the topsoil moisture by less frequent watering, drying out the soil and changing the plant medium to provide better drainage.
To catch flying adults, yellow sticky card traps are available at garden stores and placed at the soil surface. In addition, there are biological control products such as the microorganism, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), which is applied to the soil to kill larvae after ingestion. Bti (subspecies israelensis) is selective to insect fly larvae, non-toxic to humans, pets and contains no harmful residues. A product labeled to control fungus gnats in plant beds or pots include Mosquito Bits® by Summit Chemical Company.
Check out our guide to help identify other common pesky flies that may be bugging you in your home. For help with vinegar flies or fruit flies, check out this blog post.
Confessions of an Extension Entomologist: I have two plants in my home that have to get dry and droopy before I water them. I do not have a green thumb.
Keep calm and respect the critters,


text: Jezebel Help! I Miss the D | Deadspin How The Rams Suddenly Created The NFL's Scariest Offense | Splinter GOP Congressman Throws a Fit at Female CNN Anchor for Asking Him a Question | Earther Our Best Evidence Yet That Humans Are Fixing the Ozone Hole | Very Smart Brothas Tucker Carlson Is Right. I Hate White People, and Here's 20 Things I Do to Keep That Hate Alive |


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Amazing New York Loft Apartment
Laight Loft Living Room With White Carpet And Dining Table Apt
As you can see from these pictures, a beautiful apt apartment has been designed to fulfill the need of people in New York for their "escape". Although job has been taken its toll, I believe that human is a social being.
They need to have a relation with other life being and so with this apt apartment, you can see the peaceful atmosphere and the Buddha statues everywhere. It is a nice place to live after all.


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post1916254922334867112..comments2019-10-29T21:52:54.945+02:00Comments on Social Spying: 3 Tips to Seize the Day as a Student Stephhttp://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-80990343172109541482018-05-03T11:00:56.486+02:002018-05-03T11:00:56.486+02:00I am definitely not a morning person. I always pre...I am definitely not a morning person. I always prepare to go to the gym early before work but somehow listening to my alarm, I'm like "nope!" Haha but these are some great tips! I do agree, you feel so much better afterwards! xx

amerzwithlove.com Amerzwithlovehttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-67937730308839268792018-03-04T08:52:40.746+02:002018-03-04T08:52:40.746+02:00I really need an early morning buddy because no ma...I really need an early morning buddy because no matter how prepared I go to sleep, I always wake up wondering "do I really have to wake up? :("
My mom wants me to be an early morning type of person and I wanna be an early person too but I just... can't....
Kanra Khan

twitter || instagram || facebookKanra Khanhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-78500326777652489262018-03-01T15:35:20.287+02:002018-03-01T15:35:20.287+02:00Why do people in SA get up so early? People here a...Why do people in SA get up so early? People here are usually up by 7 a.m. cause most work since 8 a.m. (of course there are those that start at 6 a.m. too) and streets are usually filling up since 7 a.m. and it' fully live around 8 a.m.
I'm a night owl and early bird all in one, but it's harder to get up early when you have nothing to do. I'd get up and then I'm alone till 10 a.m. when my friends usually get up. There's also nowhere to go cause everything opens around 8-9 a.m.
I'm looking forward to the TDH story in the future :D

xo Honey - blog Royal Lifestyle - Twitter - Instagram Honey_R.L.https://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-36374458122053770502018-02-28T17:34:40.555+02:002018-02-28T17:34:40.555+02:00I'm definitely up before 8am everyday, and mos...I'm definitely up before 8am everyday, and most of the time I'm awake by 7 at the latest. Though I'm seen as weird for that by everyone I know at uni, apparently I'm the only morning person in the group of people who surround me. I don't really exercise in the morning, I don't really have a set exercise plan for any time of the day, but I'm sure if I found Mr Tall, Dark and Handsome I could change that ^.^

Sophie's SpotSophiehttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-50959730963140394252018-02-24T18:57:38.436+02:002018-02-24T18:57:38.436+02:00I usually get up at around 6:30 for school but on ...I usually get up at around 6:30 for school but on weekends around 8:00 which is actually late for my family but very much early for my friends.
Nabilahttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-74799061677481769362018-02-24T17:21:19.582+02:002018-02-24T17:21:19.582+02:00I am not a morning person in the slightest, but wh...I am not a morning person in the slightest, but whenever I wake up early and shower and get stuff done before 10 am I feel amazing! Great post.

-Charlotte x
myownblogofthoughts.blogspot.comCharlotte Chttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6532173112353775635.post-31004561252488008222018-02-23T16:16:05.136+02:002018-02-23T16:16:05.136+02:00I usually get up pretty early and work out. I find...I usually get up pretty early and work out. I find it's so weird that London wasn't busy at 9am! Crazy!

Jennifer
Effortlessly Sophisticated
Jenniferhttps://email@example.com


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Written By: Erick Dimas
Straight from Amsterdam, Yellow Claw was back in town for another sold out show at Stereo Live. Ready to play some Amsterdam Trap Music.
The room went full dark, then you hear "untouchable you can never touch us, all in your face, there's no way you can duck us. Bow down to the party nobody goes hard as us". Yellow Claw rushes on stage and screams, "You know we go by the name of Yellow Claw!" and the crowd goes wild.
Yellow Claw from the start showed the Houston crowd no mercy playing banger after banger. The OG Yellow Claw fans lost it when they heard "IT'S A TRAP". We knew what was about to come next, "KAOLO PT.1" followed PT.2, PT.3 and the unreleased PT.4.
Best moment of the night was when they played "Jah No Partial" Yellow Claw & Yung Felix remix one of the best remixes they have ever made. As the night went on we heard a lot more classic Yellow Claw songs like "Catch Me" and "Last Night Ever" just to name a few.
They played a lot of new music from the newly released album New Blood, the crowd sang along to "Both Of Us", "Crash This Party", and "Waiting". One of the crowd favorite songs were "Public Enemy" and "Ocho Cinco".
Before the night ended Yellow Claw gave one Orange Blood For Mercy Jacket that's wasn't even for sale yet. Yellow Claw once again killed it showed us why they are the party gods.


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(Photo credit to Scott "The Polar Bear" Paulus)
The Admirals won 4-3 in a shootout against the Iowa Wild Monday night. Goals from Austin Watson, Colton Sissons, and Taylor Beck set the background on a shootout game winner for Vinny Saponari – breaking the Ads losing run of two games. Magnus Hellberg returned to the net tonight and picked up his first win since 12/12 vs. Oklahoma City. Hellberg stopped twenty-one of twenty-four shots – including all four in the shootout.
Despite looking sluggish to start the game – it was the Iowa Wild who netted the opener off of a solo effort from Brett Bulmer. The Ads were on attack when Bulmer stormed from the right wing, in front of the player benches, and skated all the way in on Magnus Hellberg. As soon as he closed in the goal, Bulmer pulled up and gave a backhanded spin-o-rama that found a way through Hellberg. The play was initially given no goal signal and went to review before declaring the obvious: Bulmer has scored his tenth goal of the season to give the Wild an early 1-0 lead.
The rest of the opening period really favored the Ads. It felt like the Wild were standing around compared to the Ads work rate in the first: outshooting the Wild 12-7 in the period. Of the chances, Mike Liambas and Mathieu Tousignant seemed to generate some quality offensive chances. Liambas actually led the team with three shots in the period. Those two grinder-style players really have been buzzing with confidence in the offensive zone these last few weeks.
Considering the events of the Lake Erie series and the amount of penalty minutes gathered – it was pretty great to see this game have no calls after twenty-minutes.
That didn't last long.
Thirty-three seconds into the second period Iowa took a slashing call and the Ads equalized on the strength of Austin Watson… and an assist to Wild d-man Corbin Baldwin. The play for the Ads started from the point with Charles-Olivier Roussel, worked to the left wing wall out to Taylor Beck, and then on to Watson. The amount of patience Watson showed moving into goal forced Johan Gustafsson to sprawl out and make a play from goal. Watson powered around him, tossed the puck toward net, and Wild defenseman Baldwin dove across and carried the puck in. The goal is Watson's ninth of the season.
The Ads power-play continued its success against Iowa on its second chance of the evening. The second power-play unit was able to bury a chance from in-tight before the man-advantage expired. Bryan Rodney zipped on to Anthony Bitetto on the right wing wall. Bitetto picked out Colton Sissons sitting in the slot. Sissons turned around to goal and roofed the puck under the crossbar. Gustafsson didn't have a chance stopping that shot. It's now a team best thirteen goals and twenty-three points for Sissons.
Early in the third period the Wild were able to tie the game at 2-2. A bad exchange between Sissons and Salomaki in their defensive half lead to a turnover and a goal from Kyle Medvec from the point. It was a rising shot that, with a screen, Hellberg didn't see until the last moment. By then it was into the roof for Medvec's second goal of the campaign.
A storyline that repeated itself was the Ads ability to respond after Wild goals. The follow up shifts from Milwaukee were always blistering while the opposition remained flatfooted to the point of attack.
After 2:20 time on the ice from the Medvec goal – Taylor Beck banged home his ninth goal of the season to restore the Ads one-goal advantage. The shift that was ushered by Moser, Van Guilder, Beck, Roussel, and Jarvinen was relentless. They were wiring together chance after chance and kept the puck in-zone repeatedly. Beck was finally on the receiving end of a beautiful cross-ice pass from Moser for a one-timer that burned Gustafsson on the left wing.
There was some bad news in this game regarding the Iowa Wild. The game's opening goal scorer, Brett Bulmer, went down hard in the third period and clutched his knee instantly. He was in major distress and was helped off the ice by teammate Chad Rau and the team's trainer. He put zero weight on his left leg on his way off the ice. After the game, I just so happened to be walking out by the arena exit with the Wild team – who were carting Bulmer in a full leg brace on a flatbed dolly. My guess for him is that is a long term knee injury. Certainly wish him a speedy recovery.
Right after the injury delay was the ying and yang effects only the game of hockey can deliver so quickly. A hot shot on Hellberg fell behind him in goal and was dancing its way from the crease and in. Just as the puck appeared to be going in – a whistle blew. Just as the whistle blew – a Wild forward put that puck in. It was borderline robbery that the whistle blew that quickly – especially if it was a matter of someone losing sight of the puck (a linesman was right on the end-redline looking at the net). So, saved by the whistle. The very next faceoff – Iowa Wild goal. Brian Connelly's shot from the blueline was perfectly redirected with a stick by Chad Rau and in to make it 3-3.
The game lasted through regulation and then went to overtime. There wasn't much going in the way of Ads chances. If anything, it was the Wild that blew a quick opportunity on the power-play after a Joe Piskula high-sticking call thirty-two seconds into OT. That penalty kill, and Hellberg, stood tall when they had to. Great effort on the kill particularly to the Olympian Simon Moser – whose closing rate on skaters disrupted plenty of time on the man-advantage.
Next came the shootout where the Ads elected to shoot first. Beck stepped up and delivered with the first shot: skated out to the left wing and wired in a low wrister. After four saves by Hellberg and three saves by Gustafsson – it was Vinny Saponari time. The twenty-three year old Georgia native skated in calmly, waited, waited, flinched, went to the backhand, Gustafsson dived flat, and Saponari tossed it into the twine for the shootout winner.
Some Ramblings: Mike Liambas finished this game with the most shots on goal, five. The pair of Liambas and Tousignant was so effective Dean Evason decided to put Beck on line with them towards the end of the first period. Injury updates: Joonas Rask and Patrick Cehlin both participated in practice today. Rask is ahead of Cehlin and has the chance to return this weekend if he stays on course. The assist by Beck on Watson's goal was his 100th point as a member of the Milwaukee Admirals. Beck in his last nine games has four goals and five assists. The Ads have still yet to be defeated by the Iowa Wild in four meetings. Despite the cold – the Monday night crowd was near the 2500 mark. For those wondering, that is around half of what the team typically draws – but about 2000 more than I expected to turn up against the nasty weather. You rock, Milwaukee.
Thoughts on tonight's game? Did you brave the cold to attend? Is this a turnaround for Hellberg and the Ads as a team? If Beck continues playing this good – can we expect an NHL call up soon?


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Organization: North High School
WHAT:The Adams MAKF50 Artist Synthetic Marimba features 5 Octaves of "outdoor friendly" Synthetic Bars on the Adams heavy duty Field Frame.
line-height: 1.5;">This instrument is relatively new to the scene but is an invaluable sound source for all situations.
All of the other features associated with the Adams Artist Series of Marimbas are included with this instrument along with the extreme versatility that synthetic bars and an outdoor frame provide.
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