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Hyde Park, NY
Noelker & Hull Associates, Inc.
Project Type
Project Overview
- Managed significant additions to an active, occupied campus building
- Installation of a fully operating micro-brewery
- Carefully sequenced construction activities allowed students to maximize usage of the building throughout the project
This significant project included renovations to the existing 55,000 sq. ft. recreation building as well as a 45,500 sq. ft. addition for dining and a new Dean's wing. Phase One of the project provided a newly renovated Recreation Center that students were able to enjoy throughout the remainder of the project. New key features to the space included a cardio room with state-of-the-art upgrades and expanded weight and group exercise rooms which offer more space, machines and workout options for students.
The Phase Two addition included a new thirst-quenching and educational outpost of the Brooklyn Brewery—one of America's top craft beer makers. This fully operational micro-brewery is built to host brewing and fermentation classes to add to the CIA's Advanced Wine, Beverage and Hospitality curriculum.
Designed by the nationally renowned interior architect, Adam Tihany—famous for his luxury interior design of hotels and restaurants—the brewery houses a seven-barrel brewing system within a glass-walled environment, meant to evoke an old Brooklyn warehouse. The brewery produces four signature beers for the CIA, in addition to its classroom role. The brewery also sponsors continuing education programs and is a refreshing stop on campus tours.


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Product Description
Yamaha M1 in High Polished Mahogany
A great instrument at a cheap price. A relatively rare instrument to find because the majority of Yamaha's and Kawai's are much bigger. This a true Pro instrument in a compact size, which is great for all the compact homes around our immediate area. Comes fully serviced, cleaned and tuned. And it includes its matching bench.
Made in the early 1980's when Yamaha's pianos seem to just sound better, this piano puts out a tone that would trick even top musicians into thinking that it was a much bigger instrument. With pianos taller usually equals better. As in the taller the piano, the longer the string length, which means the better the tone. Full size uprights usually range from 48″-on up. In shorter pianos like 42″-45″ consoles and studios, the really well made instruments definitely stand out in sound quality from the rest. Yamaha piano's in the 1960's till about the early 1980's really sound and play superbly. One common speculation for this was that they made their pianos with a higher quality of woods in those years. This studio is an excellent example of one of their well made, rare wood grain finished instruments.

subset: commoncrawl


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Upcoming Programs & Events
Class resumes soon,
Stay tuned for details.
Tuesday Evenings
7:00 - 8:00 pm
Walk-ins Welcome!
Sophoe Café opens at 6 pm for dinner with a full Mediterranean menu (click on link below)
Current Events -
Discussion of hot topics that need to be cooled down, presented to inform, not to persuade.
Book Review -
My favorite books and/or authors that I think would be of interest, old or new. Suggestions gladly accepted.
Text Study -
Texts from the Bible to Zohar, Talmud to Hasidis masters- presented with original Hebrew or Aramic with translations provided. We will bring to life the inner wonders of Jewish texts.
Thoughtful, Not Ideological -
The tough discussions on Race, Class, Gender, etc., where thoughtful people want to discuss an issue with people of different opinions. I would invite guest speakers with expertise to help with the discussion on given issues.
Other topics for a Tuesday night will gladly be considered.
Our guides of "political spirituality" will be in force: facts, values, premises, policies –
no anger, criticizing, complaining, or condemning (no accusing, blaming, labeling, comparing unkindly, etc.)
All relevant sides to an issue will be countenanced.
Suggestions for specific books, texts, discussion topics and guest presenters are gladly accepted.
Wednesday Evenings
7:00 - 8:00pm
Walk-ins Welcome!
Class resumes soon,
Stay tuned for details.
Create and Strengthen meditative and Contemplative Practices.
Learn technology of Inner transformation - Virtue and Wisdom.
Shabbat Afternoons
12:45 - 1:30pm
Study with Rabbi Finley in small group setting during and/or after lunch.
Have a question on the Torah portion?
On the meaning of life?
The Kabbalah?
Here's your opportunity!
(Participants must purchase lunch to join the study.)


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Forest, Parkland
Colin Montgomerie
Visitors welcomed
Colin Montgomerie is another among the stars of the game who have taken the opportunity to design a course in the coastal resort region of Antalya. Perhaps a little over-confident after such successes as Carton House near Dublin, Montgomerie seems to have gotten somewhat carried a way here. Most people who play the courses in and around Antalya are vacationers or retirees, and they are after fun, and maybe a challenge or two, but not an encounter with a tournament-ready score buster. The greens will be a particular source of frustration, being so slanted that many will find themselves with multiple putts every time. Sure, some events are bound to come, but that's not really what golf in Antalya is about. In any case, the setting is excellent, featuring sandy soil and gentle dunes dotted with pine trees; the course, unfortunately, rather squats on the land than blends into it.


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Roxanne Fernando moved to Canada from the Philippines in 2003. Friends and family called her "Apple," and would describe her as a kind, gentle young woman.
In February 2007, Roxanne was found brutally beaten in a snowy ditch outside of Winnipeg. She had died from extensive blood loss. She was only 24 years old.
Why would someone murder an innocent pregnant woman? Answer: because she refused to have an abortion.
Roxanne's boyfriend had gotten her pregnant and was trying to coerce her to have an abortion. Roxanne wanted to keep the baby, but he kept intimidating her to abort. When she refused and backed out of her appointments, he and two friends beat her brutally and left her to die in a ditch.
Roxanne stood up for her unborn child and is now recognized as a hero by many Canadians. Her bravery in the face of violence is admirable, but her story should have never had such a tragic ending.Roxanne's Law would empower pregnant women to take legal recourse when they find themselves facing coercion. Such empowerment could prevent coercion from escalating to violence like it did with Roxanne.
For now to find out more about Roxanne's story please visit our ARTICLES page to see what was written about it in the news.


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PASADENA–With four minutes left in the 103rd Rose Bowl Game, USC trailed Penn State by a touchdown and had just punted the ball.
At that same time, a fan wearing USC gear walked out of Tunnel 18 and muttered with a sigh, "There's always next year."
On the field, an older gentleman with white hair carried the Rose Bowl trophy over to the Penn State sidelines with great care. Their championship gear had been opened, while on the other side of the field, USC's championship gear was being carted away quickly.
Penn State needed only a first down to seal it. The result seemed etched in stone, if not in hardware.
Until suddenly, it wasn't.
What was deemed impossible by the fan walking out of Tunnel 18 somehow became possible. A defensive stop, an 80-yard drive, a game-tying touchdown and an interception in the span of two minutes left the fate of the game up to Matt Boermeester's foot.
A foot that just one day before the game had been practicing game-winning kicks. Just 24 hours before, Boermeester and holder Wyatt Schmidt had joked about hitting a game-winning field goal in the Rose Bowl. Boermeester even said he would do a dab when he did it.
"I knew I was going to get an opportunity to kick that field goal," Boermeester said postgame.
With five seconds left, Boermeester trotted out onto the field, lined up to kick a 46-yard field goal and put it perfectly through the uprights to give USC a 52-49 victory and cap off a ridiculous, thrilling, roller coaster-like Rose Bowl Game.
"Oh, what a terrific football game," head coach Clay Helton said in his postgame press conference. "We're so worthy of a Rose Bowl Game."
On this gloomy afternoon in Pasadena, the "granddaddy of them all" was not about sticking to scripts. It was not for the faint of heart, nor the quick to judge. After all, what had transpired over the course of the matchup was a back-and-forth affair for the ages, a instant classic that left one team euphoric, the other devastated.
"That's the best game I've ever been to … that I've won," special teams coach John Baxter said with red eyes that had previously been filled with tears.
Boermeester's kick was the culminating fixture and the highlight that will be replayed for ages to come. Its lifeblood, however, were the plays that preceded it.
It began with two minutes left, when Michael Hutchings knew the play that had to be made. On third down and nine yards to go, if the Nittany Lions reached the first down marker, Penn State would run out the clock and win.
Running back Saquon Barkley already had over 200 yards to his name. On this key carry, though, Hutchings pounced and invaded the backfield before Barkley could even turn upfield. The result was a loss of seven yards that forced a punt.
"All we tried to do was give them a chance," Hutchings said of the defense. "Guys made plays in the clutch"
Clutch came down to redshirt freshman Sam Darnold, the catalyst for USC's turnaround season and the primary architect behind their offensive success. Calm, cool and composed as always, Darnold trotted out onto the field with 1:59 left. "Let's go get it," he simply told his team in the huddle.
Aided by two pass interference penalties, Darnold went and got it himself, stealing the moment and owning the grand stage that would seem too big for a player his age. He hit wide receiver JuJu Smith-Schuster for 11 yards. Then, it was tight end Daniel Imatorbhebhe for 12 yards more.
USC, as its players say they do every Friday during the season,ran the 2-minute drill to perfection, culminating in a play that was both run incorrectly and perfectly at the same time: A game-tying touchdown pass to Deontay Burnett on a post route that Darnold perfectly placed in his hands.
"What [Burnett] is supposed to do is keep a straight line, not necessarily run a post like that," Darnold explained. "But the player that he is, he made a a play and I saw him."
Darnold finished the shootout with a line of a whopping 453 yards on 33 completions. His 53 pass attempts were his highest all season, but so were his five touchdowns, while his 473 total yards broke Vince Young's Rose Bowl record from 2006. Yet stats couldn't properly convey what was Darnold greatest value; whether USC was down or up, whether he had thrown a touchdown or an interception, Darnold, like he had done all season, remained the same.
"He was the same from the start of the game to the end of it," tight end Tyler Petite said. "I ran up to him and was telling him to smile, and he said, 'We haven't won yet.'"
Despite Darnold doing the required to solidify his place in Rose Bowl lore, the job wasn't yet done.
USC had been up by as many as 13. Penn State had been up by as many as 15, but with a minute left they were tied and overtime seemed all but a certainty. The Nittany Lions, however, had other plans. They wanted to go for the win.
On quarterback Trace McSorley's first deep throw, safety Leon McQuay III rushed at the chance. He got there in time, but his hands could not corral the ball. McSorley dropped back and tried again. This time, McQuay made sure he caught it and took it 32 yards into field goal territory. The interception sent the sideline into a frenzy, the fans into delirium and Boermeester to the hash mark for the completion of a memorable comeback.
"I was sure the kick was going in because he had already missed two in the game," said defensive MVP Stevie Tui'kolovatu. "The way the world works, we have to get one."
USC did not just overcome the improbability of the final two minutes. They shrugged off an ejection to one of their defensive leaders, an injury to their best all-around player and a defensive downfall that allowed seven straight scores at one point in the game.
"Our motto is 'Fight On'," McQuay said, matter-of-factly. "It wasn't like we were ever going to lose."
When a 1-3 season seemed all but lost, USC responded with an eight-game winning streak. When losing seemed all but certain to the fan walking out of Tunnel 18 at the Rose Bowl, USC gave themselves a close enough shot, a shot that would end up being just enough to redeem their 1-3 start and validate their entire season.


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You see that I am releasing a few short stories on smashwords.com. (and if I have annoyed you with crazy repetitive posts about those shorts I apologize, what would help is if any of you would gladly repost them onto your facebooks or twitters that would be amazing, but of course that is up to you)
The logic behind the shorts are to get what I can do out there and they also make a fun read. I planned on releasing 5 short stories on smashwords (like a music artist would do with singles from an album coming out). 3 of which are available now. (The Visit, I'll Make You Remember Me, and The Get Back---all for $0.99). I have two more I will release later on--one in January and the other later maybe march.
This is also a small advance promotion for a collection of short stories I want to release in the summer of 2011.
I have the cover design for the collection already created and prepared for release. It will be available as an ebook and in paper back. When it gets closer to the time I will release the cover art as well as the title for the collection. Now I have to admit that "The Visit" will not be in the collection because it does not fit with the over all theme of the book. It may appear in another collection later on.
It's coming!!!!!!!!! lol you just don't know...
BANG hits this month so you will need to go out and get a copy...it will be available on my website which I will post here and then a week after it goes live it will be available on amazon.com. Then so on Barnes and Nobles, Boarders.com, etc.
It will be available in paperback and as an ebook.
I'm so very excited about BANG coming out. This book was described by a few who have sampled it as a porno book (lol which is funny to me because it isn't. It just has a lot of sex in it, but believe me when I say this...BANG is more than sex, its mystery/thriller.) I hope everyone loves it!! : ) if not that is fine, you may like my next one. It is a strong book with crazy characters. Something is always going on and the plot changes as you slowly discover who shot Tim Jones. If you pick the character you think it is and follow the story you may discover the truth before it ends--who knows.
I was thinking about some fun things to do with this book release, other than having a fabulous party to celebrate, and of course I will sign anyones book if you want me to. But those events will be posted here so be looking for them.
I wanted to say that I have also started on my second book, which has taken a back seat to BANG and my short story collection, but it is finally on its way into development.
This novel will be entirely different from BANG. Still a mystery, but oh so much more. I see a possible release in the Fall of 2011.
So as you see I am a busy bee working on sharing my joy to you. I love to write and I want you to read my work so you can enjoy it too.
Again Thank you so much. I will be posting more later on as things progress. I will give you updates on the last two shorts and also the collection. I will also let you know about my second book, which you can follow my writing progress on that by following me on twitter, facebook and myspace.
And look for BANG out this month. It will be available in paperback on my website first before amazon, so be looking here for updates!!


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The Mindbender is the pinnacle thrill ride in Galaxyland.
The coater is 44.1 meters (145 ft.) tall. It features three loop-the-loops, and a staggering 38.7 meter (127 ft.) drop. It currently has three trains, each with a capcity of 12 persons. The trains can reach speeds of nearly 100 kph (~60 mph).
It is the world's largest indoor triple loop rollercoaster, and has been in use ever since the park's opening in 1983.
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Social media has been the game changer in almost everything that surrounds us. With the birth of social platforms, custom targeting of prospective customers is easier than ever. One of the greatest innovations of technology is social media, not just in our ability to communicate but in our ability to market directly to those we want to reach.
But which platforms are the best for businesses to use? In order to create a successful social strategy, you have to be familiar with how they work. We've provided a list of our favorite platforms for marketing our business and acquiring new clients. Read More


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Large applied projects in various sub-fields of environmental science studied and analyzed properties of organic matter. The "Life-Sure" is as continuation of started work for cost effective bottom sediments treatment where organic matter play important role of sorption of urban contaminants; "CONTRA" - beach wrack studies for advanced value-based bioeconomy development. Another project on Jurassic clay is interesting in discourse on Pleistocene glaciers glaciodynamics. Material from field was tested by 3D fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) providing "fingerprints" for a single compound or a mixture of fluorescent components. Thus humic macromolecules might be well seen nevertheless structural units have variable effects on the wavelength as well as intensity of fluorescence. It decreases with increasing molecular size of the humic macromolecule. For applied environmental projects this is well non-destructive tool to quantify the decomposition degree of organic matter requiring negligible amount of sample. This important method is valid for both organic matter and humic substances analytics. Chemical nature of humic substances can be correlated to structural information, e.g., functional groups, poly-condensation, aromaticity, dynamic properties related to intermolecular interactions. Acquired data from EEM provided significant input for scientific knowledge and innovation along with other analytical tools.
The lack of water in the future will force society to find more sophisticated solutions for treatment and improvement of groundwater wherever it comes from. Contamination of soil and groundwater is a legacy of modern society, prevention of contaminants spread and secondary water reuse options shall be considered. The aim of the book chapter is to give oversight view on problems and challenges linked to groundwater quality in Eastern Baltic region whilst through case studies explaining the practical problems with groundwater monitoring, remediation and overall environmental quality analysis. The reader will get introduced with case studies in industry levels as credibility of scientific fundamentals is higher when practical solutions are shown. Eastern Baltic countries experience cover contamination problems that are mainly of historic origin due to former Soviet military and industrial policy implementation through decades. Short summaries for each case study are given and main conclusions provided in form of recommendations at the very end of the chapter.
Existing schemes of solid waste handling have been improved implementing advanced systems for recovery and reuse of various materials. Nowadays, the 'zero waste' concept is becoming more topical through the reduction of disposed waste. Recovery of metals, nutrients and other materials that can be returned to the material cycles still remain as a challenge for future. Landfill mining (LFM) is one of the approaches that can deal with former dumpsites, and derived materials may become important for circular economy within the concept 'beyond the zero waste'. Perspectives of material recovery can include recycling of critical industrial metals, including rare earth elements (REEs). The LFM projects performed in the Baltic Region along with a conventional source separation of iron-scrap, plastics etc. have shown that the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidal matter) of excavated waste have considerably large amounts of potentially valuable metals and distinct REEs. In this paper analytical screening studies are discussed extending the understanding of element content in fine fraction of waste derived from excavated, separated and screened waste in a perspective of circular economy. Technological feasibility was evaluated by using modified sequential extraction technique where easy extractable amount of metals can be estimated. Results revealed that considerable concentrations of Mn (418-823 mg/kg), Ni (41-84 mg/kg), Co (10.7-19.3 mg/kg) and Cd (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) were detected in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste sampled from Hogbytorp landfill, while Cr (49-518 mg/kg) and Pb (30-264 mg/kg) were found in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste from Torma landfill revealing wide heterogeneity of tested samples. Waste should become a utilizable resource closing the loop of anthropogenic material cycle as the hidden potential of valuable materials in dumps is considerable. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Landfills are considered as places where the life cycle of products ends and materialshave been "disposed forever". The landfill mining (LFM) approach can deal with formerdumpsites and this material may become important for circular economy perspectiveswithin the concept "Beyond the zero waste". Potential material recovery should includeperspectives of recycling of critical industrial metals where rare Earth elements (REEs)are playing more and more important role. Real-time applied LFM projects in the BalticRegion have shown the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidalmatter) of excavated waste as storage of considerably large amounts of valuable metalsand REEs. Analytical screening studies have extended a bit further the understanding offine fraction contents of excavated, separated and screened waste in a circular economyperspective. The Swedish Institute and Latvian Research Program "Res Prod" supportedthe research.
For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint-where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.
Geophysical studies in mapping and geoenvironmental applications for screening purposes are widely applied in Latvia. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) as the one method from geophysical toolbox is a non-invasive and non-destructive way where pulsed electromagnetic signal is recorded as scattering from subsurface objects. Aim of two described screening studies was to analyse potential advantages of GPR use for mapping bottom sediments and topography in two lakes and pinpoint challenges to overcome during works. Both lakes are relatively deep and of sub-glacial origin that became lakes after the ice retreat from Baltic region. Characterization of bottom sediments as well as full core description of upper limnic layers for comparison with GPR signals were performed. Major results show that GPR, coring and laboratory analysis can be used simultaneously, however, ground penetration radar sometimes fails to recognize full picture needed for geoenvironmental application needs. Proper treatment of data nevertheless diminish the necessity of dense coring in lakes when budgets are strict.
Millions of tons of bottom sediments are dredged annually all over the world. Ports and bays need to extract the sediments to guarantee the navigation levels or remediate the aquatic ecosystem. The removed material is commonly disposed of in open oceans or landfills. These disposal methods are not in line with circular-economy goals and additionally are unsuitable due to their legal and environmental compatibility. Recovery of valuables represents a way to eliminate dumping and contributes towards the sustainable extraction of secondary raw materials. Nevertheless, the recovery varies on a case-by-case basis and depends on the sediment components. Therefore, the first step is to analyse and identify the sediment composition and properties. Malmfjärden is a shallow semi-enclosed bay located in Kalmar, Sweden. Dredging of sediments is required to recuperate the water level. This study focuses on characterizing the sediments, pore water and surface water from the bay to uncover possible sediment recovery paths and define the baseline of contamination in the water body. The results showed that the bay had high amounts of nitrogen (170–450 µg L−1 ), leading to eutrophication problems. The sediments mainly comprised small size particle material (silt, clay and sand proportions of 62 %–79 %, 14 %–20 %, 7 %–17 %, respectively) and had a medium–high level of nitrogen (7400–11 000 mg kg−1 ). Additionally, the sediments had little presence of organic pollutants and low–medium concentration of metals or metalloids. The characterization of the sediments displays a potential use in less sensitive lands such as in industrial and commercial areas where the sediments can be employed as construction material or as plant-growing substrate (for ornamental gardens or vegetation beside roads).
In common sense, a landfill is a place where the life cycle of products ends. Landfill mining (LFM) mostly deals with former dumpsites and derived material may have a significant importance for the circular economy. Deliverables of recently applied LFM projects in Sweden and Estonia have revealed the potential and problems for material recovery. There are 75-100 thousand old landfills and dumps in the Baltic Sea Region, and they pose environmental risks to soil, water and air by pollution released from leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. Excavation of landfills is potential solution for solving these problems, and at the same time, there are perspectives to recover valuable lands and materials, save expenses for final coverage of the landfills and aftercare control. The research project "Closing the Life Cycle of Landfills-Landfill Mining in the Baltic Sea Region for Future" included investigation at four case studies in Estonia and Sweden: Kudjape, Torma, Hogbytorp and Vika landfills. Added value of this research project is characterization of waste fine fraction material, determination of concentration for most critical and rare earth elements. The main results showed that both, coarse and fine, fractions of waste might have certain opportunities of recovery.
Drinking water of good quality, in enough quantity at right time start to be very scarce in the world. At the same time perfect drinking water is used to flushing toilet, cleansing of sewage pipes, washing of industry floors, firefighting, washing of cars and trucks etc. Also agriculture is suffering of lack of water for irrigation during dry periods and it is necessary to use drinking water or river/lake water of high quality to get rich harvest of good quality. In the future drinking water must just be used as food stuff and not wasted in the society. People must, since they are children, be trained to respect the drinking water and not waste a single drop. Also, storm water can be considered as a source of fresh water if it collected and recycled properly. Recycling/reuse of treated/reclaimed wastewater will help to mitigate part of the increasing water demands in the society and secondary water can be used in non-potable end paths such as agriculture, industry or even recharging water aquifers. Reclaimed/technical or recycled water for non-potable uses such as flushing toilets, irrigation and other uses will be very important in modern society in the future.
The Landfill mining was introduced in research in Sweden for more than three and a half decades ago. During recent years, the focus has been on the glass dumps in the Kingdom of Crystal in southeastern Sweden. Mapping of the dumps, test pit excavations, sieving and sorting of the glass masses, characterization, laboratory extraction of the metals in the glass was performed as well as measurements of radioactivity done. The polluted soil underneath the removed glass masses was treated by remediation. At one of places at the Kingdom of Crystal a phytoremediation/tourist park was established in Orrefors including a summer glasswork for tourist activities.
Environmental pollution and health threats as well as scarcity of raw materials, water, food and energy are among the main challenges our world are now facing. Simultaneously, landfills and open dumpsites still are the dominant global waste disposal option even with their long term environmental impacts in case of greenhouse gases and contaminated leachates. In this thesis, landfill mining is suggested as a tool that should be included in an enhanced circular economy model (repair, reuse and recycle + extract and recovery) by considering the extraction/recovery of the lost materials in landfills and dumpsites as secondary resources.
Characterization data (composition and physicochemical properties) is considered as a vital source for information for: i. the valorization of excavated wastes, ii. to explore potential hazards and iii. as an important tool for theassessment of the waste management systems and policies. In this thesis,excavated wastes from a classic landfill (Högbytorp in Sweden), a landfill buildup according to the European Directive requirements (Torma in Estonia) andhazardous glass dumpsite (Pukeberg in Sweden) was characterized as a centralstep in exploring the potential of recovering of valuables. In addition, the extraction of trace elements from waste glass and different finefractions were also investigated. The reduction-melting method was developedto extract hazardous concentrations of trace elements from old art and crystalglasses with more than (99%) of recovery of Pb, Cd and As. While threechelating agents (EDTA, DTPA and NTA) were used to extract Pb, Cd, Asand Zn from fine fraction (<2 mm) sampled from Pukeberg glasswork with anextraction efficiency of (40%). Besides, the fractionations of the metals Cu, Znand Cr in the fine fractions (<10 mm) excavated from Högbytorp and Tormalandfills were studied by using a modified sequential extraction procedure.
The findings of this thesis highlighted the need to consider the dumped wastesas secondary resources and landfills and dumpsites as future bank accounts offuture raw materials instead of being burden to the human health and theenvironment.
More than 34 old glasswork sites in the southeastern part of Sweden pose a permanent threat to human and environmental health due to the presence of toxic metals in open dumps with glass waste. The possibility of leaching of metals from different fractions of the disposed waste needed to be assessed. In the present investigation, leachate from fine fraction (soil plus glass particles < 2 mm) was characterized as following: pH (7.3), TOC (< 2%), organic content (4.4%), moisture content (9.7), COD (163 mg/kg) and trace elements content, being the values in accordance to the Swedish guidelines for landfilling of inert materials. However, very high metals content was found in the fine fraction as well as in all colors of the glass fraction (≥ 2 mm), whose values were compatible to hazardous waste landfill class. Tests with Lepidium sativum growing in the fine fraction as substrate revealed chronic toxicity expressed as inhibition of root biomass growth in 11 out of 15 samples. Additionally, leachate from fine fractions posed acute toxicity to genetically modified E. coli (Toxi-Chromotest). This study highlights the importance of combining physicochemical characterization with toxicity tests for both solid waste and leachate obtained from different waste fractions for proper hazardousness assessment supporting decision making on remediation demands.
More than 34 old glasswork sites in the southeastern part of Sweden pose a permanent threat to human and environmental health due to the presence of toxic trace elements in open dumps with glass waste. The possibility of leaching of trace elements from different fractions of the disposed waste needed to be assessed. In the present investigation, leachate from a mixture of soil and waste glass of particle sizes of less than 2mm (given the name fine fraction) was characterized by analyzing the pH (7.3), total organic content (TOC<2%), organic matter content (4.4%), moisture content (9.7%), chemical oxygen demand (COD, 163mg/kg) and trace elements content, being the values in accordance to the Swedish guidelines for landfilling of inert materials. However, very high trace elements content was found in the fine fraction as well as in all colors of waste glass, whose values were compatible to hazardous waste landfill class. Tests with Lepidium sativum growing in the fine fraction as substrate revealed chronic toxicity expressed as inhibition of root biomass growth in 11 out of 15 samples. Additionally, leachate from fine fractions posed acute toxicity to genetically modified E. coli (Toxi-Chromotest). This study highlights the importance of combining physicochemical characterization with toxicity tests for both solid waste and leachate obtained from different waste fractions for proper hazardousness assessment supporting decision making on remediation demands.
Old glassworks siteshave been always associated with contamination by different trace elements likePb, Cd, As, Zn and others. The mixture of soil and waste glass of particlesizes <2mmat one of the oldest Swedish glassworks (the Pukeberg) was studiedby analyzing the trace elements content, organic content (3.6%) and pH (7.4).The results showed hazardous concentrations of Pb (1525 mg/kg), Ba (1312mg/kg), Sb (128 mg/kg), Cd (36 mg/kg), As (118 mg/kg), Zn (1154mg/kg) and Co(263 mg/kg) exceeded the Swedish guidelines of contaminated soil. Batchchemical extraction by the chelating agents EDTA, DTPA and the biodegradableNTA were performed to study the effect of chelating agent concentration and mixingtime on the extraction efficiencies by following a Box-Wilson design ofexperiments. The results displayed good extraction efficiencies (less than 41%)of Pb, Cd, As and Zn by the EDTA, DTPA and NTA, which seemed depends on thetype of chelator. In addition, high correlation between the extraction efficiencies,the chelators concentration and mixing time was found based on the statisticaland experimental results.
At the southeastern part of Sweden, old art and crystal waste glass has been identified as a hazardous waste due to high weight concentrations of Pb (32.398%), Cd (0.085%) and As (1.976%). The reduction-melting technique was used to investigate the extraction of these trace elements from powder waste glass of particle size <1 mm. Following a factorial design technique, the experimental results of the reduction-melting method showed that 99.9% of Pb, 100% of Cd and 99% of As could be extracted. For a batch of 10 g powder waste glass, the found experimental and theoretical optimum operating conditions were 1100 oC of melting temperature, 5 g of Na2CO3, 2 g of carbon and 120 min of melting time. The reduction-melting method displayed promising results which might help in recycling the extracted trace elements and glass compared to the current used solution of landfilling as hazardous wastes.
Cement and glass industries are facing a lot of challenges due to the high greenhouse gases emissions, the intensive use of energy and the intensive use of the earth's natural resources. The current situation of discarding waste glass to landfills is also not offering an environmental friendly management for the waste glass, due to the nonbiodegradable form of the waste glass. However, the chemical composition and the pozzolanic properties of waste glass are encouraging for the use of this waste in the cement and concrete industries and to provide an environmental friendly solution for the glass and cement industries. This paper reviews the different uses of waste glass in cement and concrete and the effect of the glass properties on the performance and durability of the produce cement and concrete.
The present research studies the characterisation and the physico-chemical properties of an excavated fine fraction (<10 mm) from a Swedish landfill, the Högbytorp. The results showed that the fine fraction represents 38% by mass of the total excavated wastes and it contains mainly soil-type materials and minerals. Higher concentrations of zinc, copper, barium and chromium were found with concentrations higher than the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for contaminated soil. The found moisture and organic contents of the fine fraction were 23.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The analysed calorific value (1.7 MJ kg-1), the potential of CH4 (4.74 m3 t-1 dry matter) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (5.6%) were low and offer low potential of energy. Sieving the fine fraction further showed that 80% was smaller than 2 mm. The fine represents a major fraction at any landfill (40%–70%), therefore, characterising the properties of this fraction is essential to find the potential of reusing/recycling or safely redisposing.
Landfills represent a continuous environmental threat due to the emission of different greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the climate changes, and the contaminated leachate that affects the surface and ground water recipients. The circular economy approach appeared as a useful solution to reduce the depletion of the Earth's natural resources and the environmental risk effects by considering all of the lost resources like wastes including the landfills as potential secondary resources. It is well known that characterizing the composition of landfill waste is an essential step in specifying the recycling methods. In the current research the waste composition at one of the first EU regulations-compliant sanitary landfills (the Torma landfill in Estonia) was studied. The results showed that the fine fraction (<20 mm) represented 53% of the total excavated waste materials while the waste to energy fraction (plastics, woods etc.) was the highest within the coarse fraction (>20 mm). The present work emphasized that mining landfills can be a good solution either for extracting primary raw materials like metals, as a source for recovering energy, or for acquiring landfill space.
The historical contamination of Smålands glass industry by hazardous concentrations of different trace elements (such as Pb, As, Zn, Cd and others) is a fact that has been approved by many researchers. These studies covered the situation of the glassworks contamination from different angles. However, the recommended solution by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is landfilling. Dumping these masses means, on the first hand, losing huge amounts of the Earth natural resources as wastes and, on the second hand, losing any future opportunity of recycling or reusing due to mixing these masses with other hazardous wastes generated by different sectors. In this paper, we are trying to review and highlight the results obtained by some of the already published studies in this field to identify the gap and challenges of recycling or reusing options.
Dredging activities are necessary to maintain the navigation depth of harbors and channels. Additionally,dredging can prevent the loss of water bodies. A large amount of extracted sediments is produced around theworld. Removed material is widely disposed at open seas or landfills. Much of the dredged material is pollutedand is classified as unsuitable for open-sea disposal. In Sweden, many dredging activities are taking placenowadays like that in Oskarshamn harbor, Inre harbor Norrköping municipality and Malmfjärden bay inKalmar. In this review, the potential of phytoremediation as a treatment method is discussed with focus onsuggested methods for reusing the treated sediments. Recycling or reusing of dredged and treated sedimentswill preserve Earth natural resources as well as reduce diffusion of contaminants to the environment.
Mining landfills and open dumpsites is associated with (40-70% by mass) fine fraction of particle sizes less than 20 or 10 mm. Soil and trace elements of considerable concentrations typically dominate the composition of this fraction. In the present paper, a modified three steps sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate Cu, Zn and Cr in the fine fraction of waste sampled from Högbytorp (Sweden) and Torma (Estonia) landfills. The results showed that the major concentrations of Cu (98.8 and 98.6 wt%) and Cr (98.5% and 98.4 wt %) in fines from Högbytorp and Torma landfills, respectively. These data were found associated to the residual fraction. Noticeable concentrations of Cu and Cr were also found associated within the water -soluble fraction, which could be regarded as a potential risk. The Zn displayed different behavior by distributing in all the sequential extraction fractions in the fine fractions from the two landfills. Specifying the metals content using this method is essential to explore the valorization as well as the potential environmental risks by these fines fractions.
Several Gentle Remediation Options (GRO), e.g. plant-based options (phytoremediation), singly and combined with soil amendments, can be simultaneously efficient for degrading organic pollutants and either stabilizing or extracting trace elements (TE). Here, a 5-month greenhouse trial was performed to test the efficiency of Medicago sativa L., singly and combined with a compost addition (30% w/w), to treat soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC), Co and Pb collected at an auto scrap yard. After five months, total soil Pb significantly decreased in the compost-amended soil planted with M. sativa, but not total soil Co. Compost incorporation into the soil promoted PHC degradation, M. sativa growth and survival, and shoot Pb concentrations (3.8 mg/kg DW). Residual risk assessment after the phytoremediation trial showed a positive effect of compost amendment on plant growth and earthworm development. The O2 uptake by soil microorganisms was lower in the compost-amended soil, suggesting a decrease in microbial activity. This study underlined the benefits of the phytoremediation option based on M. sativa cultivation and compost amendment for remediating PHC and Pb contaminated soils.
Underground storage tanks used for auto oil spill waste contain many hazardous materials, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) trace elements. These compounds pose a significant threat to the environment and affect negatively human health. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil of a former auto scrap yards in which oil spill tank leakage occurred in Sweden. The soil samples were collected from an area of 5 m2 around an oil the tank which was highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) and trace elements (cobalt and lead). Another soil samples were collected from a nearby area that was not contaminated by PHC and they were considered as controls. The characterization of these soil samples was performed using two approaches. Analysis of the relevant physico-chemical soil properties included texture, organic matter, contaminant concentration and pH, while biological analyses were performed using three independent ecotoxicological tests with plant (Lepidium sativum), earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and soil microorganisms. Toxicity tests showed that contaminants had strongly negative effects on earthworm's development and L. sativum shoots dry biomass in both PHC contaminated and control soils. These two parameters were the most sensitive in reflecting toxicity of study soils. Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) in aqueous phase was four times higher than that of the solid phase even though a similar trend was observed in both phases (aqueous and solid). Moreover, microorganism's respiration was high in PHC contaminated soils in comparison to control soils due to the mineralization of readily available OM and/or organic pollutants as well as the inhibitory effect of TE on soil respiration. The results clearly demonstrated that combination of chemical analyses with three toxicity tests was appropriate to characterize mixed PHC and TE contaminated soils.
A pilot scale experiment was conducted to investigate the aided-phytoextraction of metals and the aided-phytodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) in a co-contaminated soil. First, this soil was amended with compost (10% w/w) and assembled into piles (Unp-10%C). Then, a phyto-cap of Medicago sativa L. either in monoculture (MS-10%C) or co-cropped with Helianthus annuus L. as companion planting (MSHA-10%C) was sown on the topsoil. Physico-chemical parameters and contaminants in the soil and its leachates were measured at the beginning and the end of the first growth season (after five months). In parallel, residual soil ecotoxicity was assessed using the plant species Lepidium sativum L. and the earthworm Eisenia fetida Savigny, 1826, while the leachate ecotoxicity was assessed using Lemna minor L. After 5 months, PH C10-C40, PAH-L, PAH-M PAH-H, Pb and Cu concentrations in the MS-10%C soil were significantly reduced as compared to the Unp-10% C soil. Metal uptake by alfalfa was low but their translocation to shoots was high for Mn, Cr, Co and Zn (transfer factor (TF) >1), except for Cu and Pb. Alfalfa in monoculture reduced electrical conductivity, total organic C and Cu concentration in the leachate while pH and dissolved oxygen increased. Alfalfa co-planting with sunflower did not affect the extraction of inorganic contaminants from the soil, the PAH (M and H) degradation and was less efficient for PH C10-C40 and PAH-L as compared to alfalfa monoculture. The co-planting reduced shoot and root Pb concentrations. The residual soil ecotoxicity after 5 months showed a positive effect of co-planting on L. sativum shoot dry weight (DW) yield. However, high contaminant concentrations in soil and leachate still inhibited the L. sativum root DW yield, earthworm development, and L. minor growth rate. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Landfills and dumpsites have been the ultimate end of life sinks for various materials and products. As such, they are considered rich stocks of secondary raw materials for the circular economy. However, most of them are non-sanitary as they lack protective measures against environmental contamination. Over the years, the need to exploit the resource potential of landfills as well as to mitigate their contamination problems, among other factors, has led to the concept of landfill mining, resulting in a number of mainly pilot scale mining of landfills and dumps globally. In southeastern Sweden for instance, where there are over forty old, contaminated glass dumps, a number of remedial dumpsite excavations have been going on, with eventual landfilling of excavated materials in sanitary landfills. Hence, based on the Swedish situation, this study presents three scenarios about: contaminated materials in non-sanitary dumps as they currently stand; ongoing material excavations with subsequent landfilling; and material excavations coupled with materials recovery towards reduced landfilling. The third scenario is presented as more suitable from the circular economy perspective. The scenario is thus discussed in terms of technological implications of the process from identification of concealed valuable materials in dumps to their excavation, sorting, temporal storage, valorization and eventual resource recovery. In addition, legal implications as well as potential social, economic and environmental barriers against the scenario's implementation are discussed. Finally, the study provides recommendations that would be useful in decision making surrounding the management of contaminated and non-sanitary dumpsites.
The 'Glasriket' of Sweden's Småland region is characterized by an array of landfillsand dumpsites of glass and other raw material wastes from old glassworks. Most ofthe dumpsites contain heavy metals with leaching capabilities to soil and groundwater. As these metals could be potential resources that could be recovered into theresource loop, the characterization of these wastes can provide necessary informationabout the resource recovery potential. The current investigation focuses on the firststages by quantifying the amounts of selected metals (Ba, Cr and Zn) in the glassdeposit at Madesjö dumpsite as a case. The dump was sampled at nine different pointsand two levels per point. The samples were subjected to X-ray Fluorescence scanning(XRF) and leaching tests with further analyses of metals using ICP. According to theinvestigation, the highest metal contents in the solid phase were observed in Zn(average of 4515 mg/kg) while the lowest were observed in Cr (average of 72 mg/kg).In the liquid phase, the average metal concentrations were observed to be 0.37 mg/kg,0.02 mg/kg and 0.23 mg/kg for Ba, Cr and Zn respectively. These, however, are not inreadily available form, and so further investigations need to be done in order to findcost-effective techniques for their extraction. On the other hand, further investigationsneed to be done to ascertain the leaching potential by altering such leachingparameters as contact time and liquid to solid ratio.
An old glass dumpsite in southern Sweden was mapped and investigated to locate
glass abundance zones ("hotspots") and understand physicochemical parametres of
the waste. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used for mapping the site while a
geophysical method of Electrical Resistivity was used for detecting glass hotspots in
the dump. Test pits were excavated and samples taken, after which hand sorting,
sieving and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning of the waste were used for
physicochemical properties. Geophysical mapping was found to be a feasible nondestructive
tool in locating glass hotspots. In terms of composition, glass was found
to be the most abundant fraction at 90% average from all 4 sampling points. From
particle size distribution, particles > 11.3 mm were more abundant (75% average)
than particles < 11.3 mm. XRF scanning yielded As, Cd and Pb concentrations of 3,700
mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 5,300 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, it is possible to locate
glass hotspots and excavate them carefully in readiness for metal extraction while
avoiding the need for complicated sorting post-excavation.
Physico-chemical characteristics of waste, particularly fine fraction (FF), from an old crystal glass waste dump in Sweden were studied to assess recycling or disposal alternatives. Hand-sorting of the waste indicated glass content of 44.1% while sieving established the FF as a more soil-like mix of glass and other materials constituting 33.3% of all excavated waste. The FF was around neutral pH with 24.4% moisture content, low values of Total Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Organic Carbon and fluorides, but hazardous concentrations of As, Cd, Pb and Zn according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. While the FF leached metals in low concentrations at neutral pH, it leached considerably during digestion with nitric acid, implying leaching risks at low pH. Thus, the waste requires safe storage in hazardous waste class 'bank account' storage cells to avoid environmental contamination as metal recovery and other recycling strategies for the glass waste are being developed. The study could fill the information gap regarding preservation of potential resources in the on-going, fast-paced excavation and re-landfilling of heavy metal contaminated materials in the region.
Around former glass factories in south eastern Sweden, there are dozens of dumps whose radioactivity and physico-chemical properties were not investigated previously. Thus, radiometric and physico-chemical characteristics of waste at Madesjö glass dump were studied to evaluate pre-recycling storage requirements and potential radiological and environmental risks. The material was sieved, hand-sorted, leached and scanned with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). External dose rates and activity concentrations of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials from 238U, 232Th series and 40K were also measured coupled with a radiological risk assessment. Results showed that the waste was 95% glass and dominated by fine fractions (< 11.3 mm) at 43.6%. The fine fraction had pH 7.8, 2.6% moisture content, 123 mg kg-1 Total Dissolved Solids, 37.2 mg kg-1 Dissolved Organic Carbon and 10.5 mg kg-1 fluorides. Compared with Swedish EPA guidelines, the elements As, Cd, Pb and Zn were in hazardous concentrations while Pb leached more than the limits for inert and non-hazardous wastes. With 40K activity concentration up to 3000 Bq kg-1, enhanced external dose rates of 40K were established (0.20 mSv h-1) although no radiological risk was found since both External Hazard Index (Hex) and Gamma Index (Iγ) were < 1. The glass dump needs remediation and storage of the waste materials under a safe hazardous waste class 'Bank Account' storage cell as a secondary resource for potential future recycling.
This study investigates the potential for Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) to detect buried glass 'hotspots' in a glass waste dump based on results from an open glass dump investigated initially. This detection potential is vital for excavation and later use of buried materials as secondary resources. After ERT, test pits (TPs) were excavated around suspected glass hotspots and physico-chemical characterisation of the materials was done. Hotspots were successfully identified as regions of high resistivity (>8000 Ωm) and were thus confirmed by TPs which indicated mean glass composition of 87.2% among samples (up to 99% in some). However, high discrepancies in material resistivities increased the risk for introduction of artefacts, thus increasing the degree of uncertainty with depth, whereas similarities in resistivity between granite bedrock and crystal glass presented data misinterpretation risks. Nevertheless, suitable survey design, careful field procedures and caution exercised by basing data interpretations primarily on TP excavation observations generated good results particularly for near-surface materials, which is useful since glass waste dumps are inherently shallow. Thus, ERT could be a useful technique for obtaining more homogeneous excavated glass and other materials for use as secondary resources in metal extraction and other waste recycling techniques while eliminating complicated and often costly waste sorting needs.
The extraction of lead (Pb) from contaminated crystal glass waste via mechanical activation-enhanced acid leaching was investigated, focusing on the effects of temperature, time and acid concentration on the ion extraction efficiency towards materials decontamination and alternative raw materials provision suitable for circular economy. The study was carried out at 25 °C, 70 °C and 95 °C, with 0.5 M, 1 M and 3 M nitric acid (HNO3) for a maximum treatment of 12 h. Pb extraction was significantly enhanced through the use of mechanical activation of the glass before acid leaching, and was found to be highest (78%) in 3 M HNO3 and at 95 °C. Within 30 min of treatment, about 75% of the final extracted amounts in each case was reached. Acid concentration showed insignificant effect on extraction efficiency due to solubility characteristics of the generated lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) in the acid, while temperature was the most important parameter for the extraction of Pb. This study shows the potential of Pb extraction within a short reaction time as well as economic feasibility of using lower acid concentrations for Pb extraction from crystal glass waste. These findings promise potential material decontamination and use of waste as potential future resources to avoid Pb toxicity hazards.
The use of the biodegradable chelating agents Ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) and Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) in extraction of trace elements from contaminated crystal glass waste was investigated for decontamination and resource recovery purposes. Glass samples were mechanically activated before leaching with varying chelator concentrations and reaction times based on the Box-Wilson experimental design. The elements arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) were in hazardous concentrations and were extracted in the order Pb > Sb > As > Cd. Maximum extraction efficiency was higher in EDDS than NTA at 64% and 42% respectively. Reaction time, chelator concentration and extraction efficiency showed high correlation between the experimental and theoretical results. The experimental design determined chelator concentration and reaction time of 0.05 M and 13 hours respectively, as the optimum extraction conditions in this investigation. The presented work could facilitate resource recovery for the circular economy and environmental contaminants reduction, thereby reducing environmental and health hazards of heavy metals and their associated global economic impact.
The urbanization and increasing growth of planet's population accumulates significant volume of disposed waste
as well as increases risks on human health and environmental safety. Landfill systems are the dynamic, living
in space and time, potentially harmful entities that must be managed in as careful and smart way as possible.
There are many studies related to landfill emissions such as leachates and methane. However, there is a need for
advanced understanding of landfill hydrological regime and risks related to climate change and associated changes
of hydrological cycle. The comprehensive studies about the urban hydrology are available; however, application
to landfill management is fragmentary and inconsistent in several aspects. Landfill in long term has an impact on
hydrological cycle. The heterogeneous land surface is one of aspects; however, there are still unanswered questions
about the urban environment impact on water balance components. The aim of this study is to describe fundamentals
of landfill hydrology in urban hydrological response unit context as well as evaluate the potential risks to environment
and human health related to landfill geomorphology and hydrological balance in temporal climate conditions. The
landfill hydrological cycle has similarities with urban hydrological cycle; however, there are additional components
related to landfill specification, e.g., irrigation or leachate recirculation as well as total produced leachate.
Society aims to develop frames for recognizing important geological and geomorphological sites and features or landscapes within their national and even transnational boundaries. Earth heritage sites educate the general public and preserve cultural and environmental matters. New trends of sustainable development, importance of site conservation are demanding that landforms and landscapes, rocks, minerals, fossils, soils should be protected legally, as they give understanding about the evolution of Mother Earth in local and regional context to generations. The Geopark concept was developed in cooperation with UNESCO and followed a large number of requests to UNESCO from all over the world, from geological institutions and geoscientists and non-governmental organizations, and it became extremely popular and influential to preserve those geological heritage areas, nowadays still recognized only nationally or not at all. This paper aims to give comprehensive overview of existing geoparks in the Baltic Sea Region, as well as analyze aspiring geoparks and unpublished initiatives of potential geopark (Livonia and Vooremaa) eventual establishment in frames of cultural and landscape preservation context. Criteria, requirements and earlier studies are given in context. The geoparks should mainly contain cultural and educational purpose while targeting the least possible damage in preservational aspect
Millions of canned drinks are consumed everyday globally and their wastes create an enviromental issue. Fortunately, the cans are made from aluminium (Al) so that it can be recycled. There are two main keypoints existing during the recycling process of Al cans, i.e. the aluminium loss or low Al-yield and low recycling yield. This work outlines the strategies to improve the recycling perfomance for Al beverage cans, i.e. by adding drossing flux, applying improved melting strategy, and cans decoating prior to melting. Drossing flux was added to assist the detachment of Al from the slag. Another improved melting strategy was worked out by decreasing exposure time cans to the furnace atmosphere during melting. All those above strategies result in an increase of recycle yield in a range of 4 % to 5 %.
Coffee flour (CF) from coffee pulp or husk, solid waste of coffee processing have launched in Canada since 2015. This product is claimed as certified of gluten-free, vegan, kosher, paleo, and non-GMO. Coffe flour is stated to contain three times Fe content than fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Several receipts of cookies, donuts, and cakes using CF has been introduced as wheat flour substitution. However, the scientific publication of CF impact for health does not appear until August 2018 yet. A review has been carried out using data on Google with a maximum publication age of 15 yr. This Fe non-heme prospect is allegedly unable to be absorbed optimally by the organism. Coffee pulp and husk contain an inhibitor, such as caffeine, polyphenol, calcium, dietary fiber, manganese, magnesium, and zinc; which detain Fe absorption. On the other hand, the promoter/enhancer of Fe absorption such as vitamin C, vitamin A, and amino acid was decreased in CF processing. Several types of research have to be conducted to tackle this problem in Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University Muhammadyah of Malang, Indonesia.
Oak wood leachate obtained from two storage facilities (storage pound and ditch) in a wood-based industry, and leachate generated by a laboratory leaching test, were characterized in seven categories regarding particle size distribution (PSD) (raw leachate, <= 20 mu m, <= 10 mu m, <= 1.2 mu m, <= 13 nm, <= 5 nm and <= 2 nm). The PSD followed a normal distribution model with a correlation coefficient (r) varying from 82 to 88. Each fraction was analysed regarding chemical oxygen demand, polyphenols and acute toxicity in toxicity assays with Artemia salina, Vibrio fischeri and Lactuca sativa. Fractions with particles > 1.2 mu m were more toxic to A. salina and V. fisheri than fractions with particles <= 1.2 mu m. No toxic effect was observed for L. sativa. The results suggest that polyphenols are the main toxic compounds in oak wood leachate. A conspicuous difference was found between field and laboratory samples.
Management of remediation projects in contaminated sites has become an increasingly global challenge and nowadays takes intensive international environmentally sound cooperation intended to relieve negative consequences of landscape pollution. This paper aims to deal with the phytoremediation approach for protection of environment and preventing the streaming of contaminant flows to hydrological systems. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective environmentally friendly clean-up technology, which uses plants and microorganisms in rhizosphere for soil and groundwater treatment. Phytoremediation is enhancing degradation of organic pollutants and improving stabilization of inorganic contaminants where plants can be used to treat soil and water polluted with hydrocarbons, chlorinated substances, pesticides, metals, explosives, radionuclides as well as to reduce the excess of nutrients. Selection of species for this type of treatment processes is based on evapotranspiration potential and ability to bioaccumulate contaminants. The project entitled "Phytoremediation Park for treatment and recreation at glassworks contaminated sites" (PHYTECO) aimed at cross-sector international partnership. The challenge of project was to develop remediation strategy where negative consequences from centuries long anthropogenic influence are turned to be something positive - development of the recreation park from the glass dump. Here designers, scientists, local volunteers, international students would join ideas and common work for the boost of innovation and sustainable thinking. New "Knowledge in Inter Baltic Partnership Exchange for Future Regional Circular Economy Cooperation" (PECEC) project is sequential continuation.
The purpose of this study was to determine the management of anthelmintic administration and the possibility of drug resistance in laying hens in Blitar and Kediri districts in Indonesia. This study consisted of two stages: first surveying 48 farmers in Blitar and 81 farmers in Kediri to find out how anthelmintic administration management included the frequency of anthelmintic administration for laying hens, types of anthelmintic, the habit of farmers using sustainably the same (> 3 yr) type of anthelmintic, determination of dosage, and use of herbal medicines in controlling worm disease. In the second stage, examine worm eggs at laying hens farms treated with worm medicine at intervals of 2 wk to 4 wk. The results showed that the majority of laying hens provide anthelmintic every 2 mo to 3 mo. In Blitar, the number of farmers who used the same worm medicine in more than 3 yr was 83.33 %. While in Kediri the number reached 97.53 %. The number of farmers who determined anthelmintic doses based on chicken body weight was 95.84 % (Blitar) and 90.12 % (Kediri). The administration of the same type of anthelmintic for more than three consecutive years and the calculation of anthelmintic doses based on the average body weight is thought to have an influence on the occurrence of drug resistance. It is seen that even though chickens were treated with anthelmintic for only 2 wk to 4 wk, worm eggs were found in fecal examination. © Pakistan Academy of Sciences.


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District Sound Duo in London
District sound is a comprehensive musical duo currently based in London, the UK featuring singer-songwriter Yvonne Harris-Hercules and guitarist Ovidijus Pinevičius.
With an emphasis on recreating renowned classics of the yesteryears and today, their setlist features an eclectic range of music across all decades including Motown, Jazz, 60s Soul & R'n'B, 70s & 80s Rock & Alternative right up until music of today.
All songs are performed with guitar and vocals creating a distinctive and uniquely genuine quality to their sound and their ability to match dynamic, engaging guitar playing with powerful, absorbing vocals makes them the perfect accompaniment to any kind of event.
Additional information
Motown, Jazz, Soul, Rock & Alternative


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It's no secret that modern enterprises collect a massive amount of information on their customers, yet often lack the tools and ability to manage it successfully. In many cases, customer data is siloed off and utilized in a way that only benefits specific departments, but what if all internal data was used effectively to impact the bottom line?
Unfortunately, accomplishing the task of streamlining data across a company can be difficult to execute. A recent survey from New Vantage Partners found that 85 percent of companies are striving to be data-driven, but only 37 percent feel they've implemented a successful data-driven model. While most businesses understand the impact data-driven insights can have on their bottom lines, Big Data is useless without a holistic approach and the tools to cultivate and shape that data.
Source: insidebigdata.com
Categories: Articles


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text: This park is located in Colts Neck, NJ. It is, in my opinion, part of the best county park system in the country. This park has 535 acres of land abutting the Swimming River Reservoir. You can rollerblade, cycle, run, or walk on the 2.5 mile trail that surrounds the park. The county has added two features that make this park unique. The first is a sprayground. Just imagine a playground that is always squirting water. The sprayground operates during the summer months. I suggest you get there early as it fills up quickly with the youngsters. The second is a Challenger Playground. This is a place for every child to play. If your child is visually impaired or needs wheelchair accessibility, they will have a great time here.


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AVID Sales Increase by 8% in March as Industry Continues to Recover
With the automotive industry continuing its recovery, the Association of Vehicle Importers and Distributors, Inc. (AVID) reported 7,952 units sold for March 2019, an 8-percent increase compared to the 7,380 units sold in March last year. This bucks the trend in the first two months of the year which saw a decline of 8 percent. For the first quarter of 2019, AVID sold 22,497 units, 3-percent lower than the 23,038 units reported in the same period last year.
"AVID's first quarter 2019 performance indicates that the automotive industry has turned the corner and is now experiencing modest recovery. We expect a further upturn in the next three quarters on the back of improved consumer sentiment, the introduction of exciting and innovative vehicles, and the government's aggressive infrastructure program. AVID aims to be at the forefront of this growth in vehicle sales," said AVID President Maria Fe Perez-Agudo.
For March 2019, the Light Commercial Vehicles (LCV) segment registered a 21-percent year-on-year increase with sales totaling 4,998 units, making it the primary growth and volume driver. The segment rose by 4 percent in the first three months of the year, bringing the sales tally to 14,168 units. Ford leads the segment with 5,456 units sold in the first quarter.
The Passenger Cars (PC) segment declined 9 percent to 2,831 units in March, and fell 13 percent to 7,993 units in the first quarter of the year. Hyundai continues to lead this segment with 5,404 units sold during the period.
In the Commercial Vehicles (CV) sector, sales slipped by 2 percent to 123 units in March and slightly dipped by 1 percent to 336 in the first quarter. As the leader in this segment, Hyundai posted strong gains with 239 units sold during the period.
"If positive economic fundamentals, including low inflation and rising living standards, are sustained, we can expect a renewed boost to motorization in the country. And AVID is more than ready to offer customers up-to-the-minute innovation in our products and services," added Agudo.
The combined effects of easing inflation, lower unemployment rates, and near-term boost from election-related spending is expected to fuel private consumption for the rest of 2019.


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Alumni Weekend at the Library
The University of Chicago Library welcomes alumni back to campus with four special programs. Alumni and their guests are welcome to register online and peruse a wide selection of programming taking place throughout campus from Thursday, June 6 through Sunday, June 9, 2019.
Special Collections Research Center Alumni Donation Event
The Joseph Regenstein Library, Special Collections Research Center, 1100 E. 57th St.
- Friday, June 7, 2:30–4:00 p.m.
The University archives document all aspects of student life. Alumni are invited to bring some of their own UChicago history back to campus to add to the collections. UChicago T-shirts, buttons, tote bags, posters, programs, flyers, and more are welcome. Talk with the University's assistant archivist about other student memorabilia you might want to donate. Special Collections will be displaying a selection of student life items from the archives for you to enjoy.
Tour the John Crerar Library, Department of Computer Science, and the MADD Center
The John Crerar Library, 5730 S. Ellis Ave.
- Thursday, June 6, 1–2 p.m.
- Friday, June 7, 10–11 a.m.
- Saturday, June 8, 10–11 a.m.
The newly renovated John Crerar Library is home to collections and resources in the sciences; the Department of Computer Science; and the new Media Arts, Data, and Design Center (MADD), including the Research Computing Center Visualization Lab. Tour these new facilities and see demonstrations of digital fabrication, data visualization, wearable technology, and more.
Library Resources for Alumni
The Joseph Regenstein Library, Room 122B, 1100 E. 57th St.
- Friday, June 7, 11:15–11:45 a.m.
Join librarian Greg Fleming to learn about UChicago Library resources and services for alumni, including how to establish borrowing privileges, access online resources, and obtain research assistance.
Joe and Rika Mansueto Library Tour: Discover the Dome
The Joseph Regenstein Library, Lobby, 1100 E. 57th St.
- Friday, June 7, 3–4:15 p.m.
- Saturday, June 8, 12–1:15 p.m.
- Saturday, June 8, 3:15–4:30 p.m.
The UChicago Library remains at the center of research, learning, and campus life at UChicago. Tour the Joe and Rika Mansueto Library, designed by renowned architect Helmut Jahn. Admire the striking glass-domed Grand Reading Room, and see the robotic storage and retrieval system.


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The Islander defenseman has spent a majority of the 2014-15 season watching the games, rather than playing in them. Donovan has only suited up for nine of the Isles 70 games this year. The Isles upgraded defense and depth has not given Donovan too many opportunities to get back in the lineup when injuries on the back end have occurred.
"I think we have a great defensive core," Donovan said. "There's a reason I haven't been playing a lot and that's because we have a lot of great defensemen. They've been playing well."


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Browser SelectorAugust 28, 2013 by Admin
Well, if you need to have different CSS for different brewers just need to call the below attachment in your head as a JS file:
Browser Selector JS File for Download: css_browser_selector or you may include the link as it won't get deleted.
And supposing you are writing a different CSS for Opera, write for that specific part as below:
.opera div { your style }
With the help of that JS the CSS for different browsers will be set.
Tags: Apple kit, Browser Selector, IE, Mozilla, Opera


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Sub-prime auto loans are available for all types of credit holders in Martinez, Georgia. The team at Miracle Nissan of Augusta wants to help you to raise your credit score by offering an array of competitively priced auto loan options. Interested in learning more? Contact our Nissan finance department to learn more!
Tons of factors lead to poor credit, and some of which, you might not even guess. Things like divorce can lead to negative credit histories. If you're used to splitting your bills or put a statement in your name that you can't afford on your own, you're still liable for the costs after a divorce. If you and your partner take out a car loan together and they stop paying for it after the divorce, you're still equally responsible for the missed payments. Tons of other scenarios can impact your credit as well, such as:
It takes years to build a quality credit score and only a few moments to ruin it. With the help of our bad credit financing options, you can get back on your feet and get the car loans you need. Choose Miracle Nissan of Augusta today!
If you've ever applied for a car loan before, you'll be happy to know that bad credit financing works in the same way. Bad credit financing allows drivers who are looking to enjoy the reliability of our used Nissan inventory to apply for credit, regardless of their potentially low scores.
We invite you to talk to our finance department today. We offer an in-depth understanding of sub-prime loans, especially here at our Nissan dealership by North Augusta. Contact our team today, and we'll walk you through our credit options in Martinez, GA.
If you're ready to say yes to the future, apply for financing in Martinez, Georgia today. We will review the steps needed to help you finish your application before sending it to our many lenders. It is our pleasure to help you get the funding you deserve.
If you would like to complete our inquiry online, you'll be happy to know that we also offer online credit applications. Our finance department is happy to help you explore different lending opportunities in the North Augusta, Georgia area. We love seeing people win! Contact the team today.


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Joseph Pilates, the pioneer of Pilates, the now global phenomenon that see's thousands of men and women taking up Pilates for a variety of reasons, be it fitness, injury management, wellbeing and longevity is testament to the fact that Pilates can help us as we age.
If you look at Joseph Pilates at age 57 and 82, and focused on his body, you would hardly notice the 25 years between the two.
It is a well-known and clinically proven fact that movement/exercise is the absolute "HAVE TO" when we talk about maintaining quality of life. It is the "prescription" for so many niggles we experience, whether they be as a result of an acute injury or a long term chronic or progressive condition.
So what is it about Pilates that is so powerful at not only helping to correct any niggling condition, but that can actually IMPROVE the overall condition of an individual and continue to improve and strengthen even as age creeps up?
- Pilates is a brain-body system: The consistent practice of the repertoire requires the brain to work hard. A good Pilates Instructor will cue a client (not demonstrate), to execute an exercise correctly. The ongoing focus and brain activity, together with the movements, helps to create new brain patterns and keeps the mind active and engaged.
- Pilates is a full body system of exercise. Whilst an instructor can and will help a client to focus on needier areas of the body, each and every exercise in the system involves the entire body (the body thus develops uniformly and proportionately so as to help create efficient and effortless movement).
- Pilates works with resistance and thereby puts load onto the muscular and skeletal system of the body. As we age and as our bones lose density and our muscles lose tone, exercise that "bears weight" is essential.
- Pilates works from the feet up. Most Pilates sessions will start with some kind of focus on the feet and their neural and force transmission powers to the rest of the body. And so posture and balance are key and critical components to all Pilates sessions.
- Probably one of the most powerful results of a consistent Pilates practise is the confidence and improved self esteem that comes with healthy movement. Often as we age, we can lose belief in ourselves and think we cannot do things we "used to do when we were young". Pilates is a system full of challenges that are achievable and encouraged, because the system is designed to invigorate the mind and the body so that clients feel better, and constantly get better.
- Pilates breath work encourages the flushing of the system. The healthy increase of oxygen intake, together with the focus on "not bracing and squeezing", has a positive effect on the digestive system and sleep patterns of a client.
For more information on Pilates and the longevity benefits follow @mpowerpilates or visit www.mpowerpilates.com.au
The Carousel would like to thank Michelle Koton & Peta Green for their contribution.
Michelle Koton and Peta Green are the founders of MPower Pilates, a boutique pilates studio in Bondi. Michelle and Peta met 20 years ago while doing their teacher training and always had a dream to work together.
In 2000, Michelle completed her Classical Pilates Training under the banner of Romanas Pilates and, since then, has travelled the world completing many workshops, seminars and conferences, never ceasing to learn more and more about the magical world of the body and movement. Michelle has founded and developed her own studios in Sydney for the past 19 years and, at the age of 56, feels more empowered and stronger than ever!
Peta trained as a ballet dancer at the National Theatre Ballet School in Melbourne then joined the Sydney Dance Company and worked as a dancer with the Australian Opera Company for many years. After embarking on intensive training in the Pilates method in Sydney with Cynthia Lochard, she was inspired to go to New York to study at the original studio where Jospeh Pilates taught. After finishing the course, she continued her pilates journey in NYC and taught at the famous re:AB studio with Brooke Siler, teaching people of the likes of models Stella Tenant, Katie Ford and ballerina, Suzanne Farrell.


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Champalimaud Design, EPR Architects, Gainsborough Hotel, heritage, historic interiors, Interiors, NDA
As someone who loves learning it might be no surprise I am studying on a correspondence course. Heritage Interior Design at the National Design Academy ticks all my boxes of interest and is a great stimulus for exploring my passion. Do click on the link below to my guest blog at the NDA.
I hope you have a good weekend and if you're stuck for ideas don't forget it's Heritage Open Days.


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Under: About, Publications
Guided by its overarching three-year workplan, Focus organized, conducted, and implemented its work in the context of two major challenges in Asia: the deepening of neoliberalism and the intensification of fascist and authoritarian rule in Asian states.
Deepening neoliberalism is marked by growing landlessness in South and Southeast Asia, even in countries such as the Philippines, which has been implementing a land distribution program for the last 30 years.
We see land-based conflict and food insecurity arising from corporate-led land grabbing, which is supported by economic programs and investment policies of Asian governments, and is resulting in public land being opened up to foreign investment.
Meanwhile, the destruction of lands, forests, water resources by extractive industries continues, and public services and sectors—such as health, agriculture, and food production—have been opened up to foreign investment and trade.
To suppress dissent, especially resistance to neoliberal economic and development programs, Asian governments have resorted to policies aimed at punishing, killing, and censoring certain populations and sectors of society, particularly the poor and the socially-politically disenfranchised, human rights and environmental defenders, workers, farmers, women, and children.
In each of the countries we operate in, repression of civil society and suppression of the freedom of expression have created even greater challenges for movements and communities seeking to assert their rights.
Grassroots communities, social movements, and civil society groups are being sustained to resist and push for alternatives, and Focus continues to be active at local, national, regional, and international arenas to strengthen and amplify these voices.
[Note: Updated PDF file. 08-10-2018]


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Africa's total oil output last year was about 8.26mn bpd with the top producers being Nigeria, Angola, Algeria and Egypt. Other producers such as Libya, South Sudan, Chad, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and the Republic of Congo also made modest contributions. In all Nigeria and Angola remain top producers of crude oil on the continent though Libya has the largest proven reserves though production has been significantly disrupted due to the political instability that has reigned ever since the demise of Gaddafi. On the other hand, Egypt has the most developed oil refining industry on the continent and its strategic location means that it sits astride an important route through which most of the oil destined for Europe passes via the Suez Canal.
Despite the fact that Africa produces only a small fraction of the world's crude oil it none-the-less consumes less than it produces making it a net exporter which means that overall low oil prices in the last year or so has had a negative overall effect on its GDP and as promising new entrants in the oil and gas industry struggle to come on stream the new reality of low oil prices may mean that the party for Africa has ended even before it begun. The new oil finds had created an air of excitement in the construction industry as the need for infrastructure development became a priority. Talk of pipelines, refineries and roads promised to spur the industry to greater heights last year when discoveries of new oil and gas fields were made in Ghana, Tanzania, Mozambique and Uganda. Other countries such as Kenya, Sierra Leone and Mali also established prospecting fields. The discoveries promised a new era of wealth and prosperity but those days seem in the distant past as investors and oil majors have made cutbacks in capital expenditures in both drilling and prospecting soon after the price of oil dropped by half towards the end of 2014 bringing with it weakening local currencies and increased inflation especially in the more oil reliant countries of Nigeria and Angola. Proof of this slowdown can be seen by the fact that late last year the IMF had predicted Africa's GDP growth would be about 5.8 percent which was revised to 4.5 percent by mid this year.
Price slumps
In the past year the slump in crude oil prices has seen it fall from over US$100 per barrel in 2015 to as low as US$45 per barrel this year before making a modest recovery. This massive drop has been attributed to several factors such as the slowdown in the Chinese economy which has caused China to reduce its import bill while in the USA the worlds largest consumer, the reduced demand for imported oil has also played a part in reducing consumption from traditional suppliers Nigeria and Angola as well as the Middle East.
In the oil export countries of Nigeria and Angola which represent the highest producers, the effect of lower oil prices has been lower oil revenues and capital inflows with a negative impact on foreign exchange valuations for local currencies. In addition it has seen significant cutbacks in capital expenditures by oil companies as well as significant deficits in government revenues which has curtailed growth in the construction sector.
In East Africa, Uganda and Kenya had made discoveries of oil and are embarking on developing infrastructure which includes a US$4 Billion pipeline from Uganda's Lake Albertine Basin where there are prove reserves of 2.5 billion barrels through Kenya's northern oil rich region to Lamu. These projects along with a yet-to-be-built port in Lamu as well as a refinery in Uganda would be a boon for the construction industry but these plans have become less promising with oil prices close to the threshold for which the projects were deemed viable. More recently talk of an alternative route for the pipeline through Tanzania have thrown further confusion as regards the way forward for the projects.
Natural Gas
Just as the crude oil prices have dropped so too has the price of natural gas driven by the US shale gas phenomenon that has made the country the largest natural gas producer in the world. If US exports of gas are to kick in further turmoil in the market can be expected. For African countries like Mozambique and Tanzania which have made significant strides in developing proven reserves of natural gas funning to develop these has become more difficult to come by.
Mozambique sits on 180 trillion cubic feet of gas enough to supply most of Western Europe for over 15 years. The country's reserves are reported to be greater than those of Angola or Nigeria giving the country the potential of becoming the third largest producer of natural gas in the World after Australia and Qatar. However they now face an uphill task in securing funding for infrastructure development as investors fight to cut back capital expenditures. Recent news reports however indicate Anadarko Petroleum Corp are inching closer to developing a US$15 billion onshore liquefaction plant to allow the company export over 12 million tons of LNG annually.
Tanzania also harbors hopes of becoming a major gas exporter but as in Mozambique the going is slow because it will require the construction of a liquefaction plant which in the face of stiff competition from USA, Qatar and Autralia makes the project less likely in the near future and at present price levels. In the meantime however the country hopes to spur the use of natural gas to generate electricity and reduce reliance on hydroelectric generation that has been plagued by drought induced cut backs. The completion of a 532 kilometer pipeline from Mtwara to Dar will be used to transport natural gas for the generation of 3,900MW of electricity. The country has been using natural gas since 2008 when the Ubungo gas plant was completed.
Egypt aims to begin production of natural gas from the recently discovered Zohr field by 2017 a year ahead of scheduled. The gas discovery by oil exploration company Eni, is likely to turn the country from a net importer to an exporter and help ease the crippling energy shortage currently being faced in the country.
The discovery is a Godsend since only early this year the country entered the LNG market with a burst of imports that made it one of the world's top growth markets, after leasing a floating storage unit (FSRU) from Norway's Höegh LNGfor five years in April.
Egypt has since added a second FSRU leased from Singapore-based Norwegian gas shipping company BW Gas.
Offshore gas fields typically take several years to come on stream, however, as Egypt already has some of the infrastructure in place it's expected to be able to accelerate the process.
The gas is estimated to contain 30 trillion cubic feet of gas and the discovery will essentially rank it with middle East countries that have large reserves of natural gas and it remains to see how the competition for exports will eventually turn out.
The future
The USA's success in reducing reliance on imports has seen the country satisfy about 90 percent of its domestic needs from new shale wells that have been sunk in the last 4 years. Though a controversial method of drilling for oil, fracking has proved successful in extracting more oil from shale rock formations at cost effective prices.
On its part the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) that has traditionally played a stabilizing role by regulating supply has taken a more aggressive stance of maintaining production levels in a bid to retain market share. This strategy has been a blow to more costly drilling operations which cannot survive in the current pricing environment while countries such as Saudi Arabia at production costs estimated to be as low as US$10 per barrel expect to ride out the storm comfortably. Compare this with estimated costs of production of US$50 for East African oil and the picture becomes clear why oil majors have adopted a wait and see attitude before investing in the development of new fields.
The implication of this is that in the foreseeable future prices are bound to remain soft due to these supply factors. Added to this is the fact that the USA is likely to lift an existing ban on exports of crude oil and gas, while the lifting of sanctions on Iran will also bring more supplies into the market while Iraq supplies are also likely to ramp up even in the face of the current instability in the region.