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Matured in French oak and American hogsheads producing a full bodied style showing plum and white pepper characters with finely structured , seamless tannins.
£16.99 a bottle
Out of stock
"In 1981 Richard and Jette purchased the Leconfield winery and vineyards in Coonawarra that had been established by Richard's uncle, Sydney Hamilton in 1974. The purchase of Leconfield complemented their McLaren Vale operations and enabled the business access to high quality fruit from two of the premium wine growing regions of Australia, since then additional vineyards have been planted and the winemaking facilities expanded and improved.
Paul Gordon joined Leconfield Hamilton as Senior Winemaker from the 2002 vintage with more than twenty years of experience and a reputation as one of the countries most highly regarded winemakers. Paul's winemaking career started in 1979 after graduating with a degree in Oenology from Roseworthy College, over a period of 24 years wines under Paul's direction have been awarded a total of 29 trophies and 149 gold medals, including the Jimmy Watson Trophy."
The McLaren Vale is predominately a red wine region, producing some of the best red wines in South Australia. Vineyards were first planted in the mid 1800s. One of the early pioneers Thomas Hardy established a business that evolved to BRL Hardy, one of the largest wine companies in the country. The region also has a healthy number of boutique wineries that consistently make fine wines and experiment with different wine styles. The climate is warm to hot with dry summers, and benefits from cooling breezes from the St Vincent Gulf. The main wine styles: Red – Shiraz (rich, ripe & generous), Cabernet Sauvignon; White – Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc.
flourish in a range of climates. In the warm to hot climates you can expect extremely intense aromatic, rich, full bodied wines, with hugh fruit (almost sweet) and chocolately tasting. In the more moderate/cooler climates you're more likely to find structured Shiraz wines with black cherry, pepper and spice characters rather than the chocolate and fruit styles found in warmer climates.
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subset: commoncrawl


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On the third day of the Pune Test, South Africa were reduced to 275 in response to India's 601 runs. Then India had a lead of 326 runs. But on the fourth day, the Indian team called South Africa to bat again giving a follow-on.
The start of the South Africa team to bat in their second innings was very disappointing. Opening pair of Aiden Marquram and Dean Elgar, who opened the innings for South Africa, broke at 0 without scoring any runs. Aiden Marquram was dismissed for 0 after playing 2 balls.
Even before this, the South African opening pair has been seen craving for runs. The performance of the team's opening pair in the last several matches has been astonishing.
South Africa's last 10 opening partnerships
The opening pair of Dean Elgar and Aiden Marquram have been opening for South Africa in the last several Test matches. Where his performance has also been very poor. In the first innings of the Pune Test, the Elgar-Marquram pair could manage only 2 runs.
In the last 10 partners, the Elgar-Marquram pair have broken 2 times without scoring any runs. During this time, he has the biggest opening partnership of 36 runs to his name. This 36-run partnership was formed by Elgar and Markram against Sri Lanka in February 2019. The figures for South Africa's last 10 opening partnerships are as follows:
0 (today), 2, 4, 14, 10, 15, 36, 0, 24, 6


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Freedom Care Inc.
Freedom Care was established in 2009, in response to the Black Saturday bush fires.
Whether you are low income, unemployed, under-employed, on a pension, or simply going through a tight patch –
we can help you with weekly food assistance.
Opening Times
Tuesdays: 9.30am - 2.00pm
Wednesdays: 9.30am - 2.00pm
Thursdays: 9.30am - 2.00pm
Saturdays: 10.00am - 12.00pm
Thanks for Visiting!
Freedom Care is now opened for 2020
Hope you all had a great Christmas and New Year.
Second Chances
Freedom Care Church
Freedome Care Assistance


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2015 Ford Explorer vs. 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee
Drivers in Palm Coast and Port Orange, FL have a lot of SUVs from which to choose; in particular, the 2015 Ford Explorer and the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee are the latest in a line of cutting-edge vehicles from Ford and Jeep. Deciding on which one is right for you depends on your driving style, needs, and preferences, but to help you make this decision we're going to examine the important aspects of both of these vehicles. Let's take a look now at the new Ford Explorer and Jeep Grand Cherokee to see which of these SUVs is right for you.
The 2015 Ford Explorer
The 2015 Ford Explorer continues Ford's push to continuously enhance their vehicles and improve their technology and performance over each generation. The new Explorer features all the great technologies Ford has been developing for the past few years, including the high-end Sync system. The 2015 Explorer comes standard with a powerful V6 engine that produces 290 hp and 255 lb-ft of torque, all while consuming only 24 mpg on the highway with front-wheel drive. The Explorer is a great balance between performance, tech, and efficiency.
The 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee
The 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee, on the other hand, is a beast of an SUV with significant off-road capabilities and plenty of power. Like the Explorer, the new Grand Cherokee can produce 290 hp and 260 lb-ft of torque with its standard V6 engine. But the Grand Cherokee is loaded with luxury and tech: its interior is filled with leather trims, upscale design work, and all the bells and whistles Palm Coast drivers would expect out of a luxury SUV.
Which One is Right for Port Orange Drivers
The right SUV for you is the one that serves you best based on your individual driving needs. The 2015 Ford Explorer is a great balance of comfort, technology, performance, and efficiency — it's truly a jack of all trades. The 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee, however, specializes in pushing the limits in luxury, technology, and performance, especially with those luxury trims on the interior of the vehicle. So the right SUV for you is the one that fits your lifestyle — and only you can make that call.
Drive Them Today!
At Daytona Auto Mall, we have both the 2015 Ford Explorer and the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee waiting on our lots for you to drive them. Come see us today and get behind the wheel of both the 2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee and the 2015 Ford Explorer. We'll see you soon!


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Corset Q & A Episode 46: Why Don't Limited Edition Corsets Come in More Styles?
Do you have a question about steel boned corsets, waist training or corseting? The answer is probably somewhere in our Corset Q & A series.
Why Don't Limited Edition Corsets Come in More Styles?
As the Inventory Control Manger I am the first one that gets to check out the latest and greatest of the Limited Edition corsets! If you're wondering how the decisions are made about which corset styles and fabrics we decide to bring in as a limited edition, we have a little of the inside scoop for you in this week's Corset Q&A. First of all it's more art than science, but we typically introduce a Limited Edition corset every other month. Without a doubt, black is our top seller, so you'll always see every style and fabric in black, but we understand that almost everyone likes a little splash of color now and then which is why we introduced our Limited Edition lines. Rather than having corsets of every color that sit on the shelves for months on end, we've decided to bring in smaller batches of new colors and fabrics. That means, if you're looking to increase your corset wardrobe, we'll give you the opportunity to add some color to your closet every two months! On occasion (but rarely), if the Limited Edition is popular we will bring it back for another run. For example, the CS-201 White Mesh was such a huge hit and was requested for weeks after it was sold out, that we brought them back this summer! On even MORE rare occasions our customers love the Limited Edition corsets so much that we bring it into the house permanently, like the CS-345 in a gorgeous Black Brocade! Don't ever count on it though, the majority of the time, once we sell out of a Limited Edition corset, they are gone for good!
Before ordering a shipment of Limited Edition corsets, we sit down and talk about the comments that we have received from customers, the season it will be when the corset arrives, the popular Pantones for the year, which styles are our current customer favorites and a whole bunch of other factors! Then we have to make our best guess about how many we should order. We need enough so that the majority of people that want one will be able to order, but NOT so many that we have a bunch of them sitting on the shelves months later!
The great news for our customers is that we plan to continue our trend of a new Limited Edition corset every two months so plan on continuing to expand your corset collection! The good news for ME is that I will be the one that is unpacking the corsets so I get to see them first, however, Renee our wonderful Social Media Manger, will let you know as soon as they are available on the site!!! And just like Renee mentions in the video the best way to stay up to date on the newest corsets and flash sales is to sign up for our Newsletter!
Hopefully this Q & A gives you a better understanding why we don't carry every style in every single one of our Limited Edition corsets. Please let us know in the comments if there are any questions that you'd like to see answered in our Corset Q & A series.
2 Comments
Hi! Is there any chance that you might be coming out with different colors in the CS-426 short with hip ties at any point? I've been seasoning mine (black cotton) for about a week now and can already tell that I need that extra hip room. I'd love to get more!
Mary Brewer
Hi Cate! I'm so happy to hear that you are seasoning your corset and know what styles work for you. We actually pay close attention to the requests of our customers and do our very best to continue to release new colors and styles as we are able to. If you would like to hear more on this topic please check out our Corset Q & A #46 on our Blog at https://orchardcorsetblog.com/2015/08/11/corset-q-a-episode-46-why-dont-limited-edition-corsets-come-in-more-styles/. I hope that you are a Newsletter subscriber http://www.orchardcorset.com/ so that you are the first to know what we are releasing and get the heads up to our Flash Sales!


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This ladies 9 ct Yellow Gold Claddagh Ring With CZ Shoulders is truly beautiful. The Claddagh heart and crown has a stunning high setting which sits lovely on the finger. It is met at each side by 4 CZ crystals. The Claddagh is set off perfectly by CZ at the center of the heart. It is handmade by skilled craftsmen therefore you can ensure quality. The Claddagh Range is the most loved Irish Jewellery. It symbolises love, loyalty and friendship. Available in sizes I-S.
Please allow 4-5 business day for dispatch of this ring. Each one is specially ordered and made. If you need it sooner please contact us before purchase to ensure we have your size in stock.


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Our monthly newsletter contains health and financial news, expat articles, social media recommendations and more.
Expat Experience: Matt and Niki Meeks, Atenas
Posted: Tue Mar 04, 2014 5:28 pm
Matt & Niki Meeks, children Max 4 ½, Sara 2 ½ and Sofi 5 weeks and Coffee Dog
We consider ourselves a young family, only because of the age of our children.
After working 20 years for the same company, growing weary of the negativity around us, and having to set appointments for our children to play with friends, we started soul searching for an avenue to a better, less complicated way of life. We are from the great state of Texas and still proud to be Texans, but we are adventurous and love to travel so we started talking about an international move.
We searched for family oriented places that were safe and offered a good quality of life, focusing our attention on Latin America. With a little inspiration from International Living Magazine and plenty of our own due diligence, Costa Rica showed much promise, boasting a reputation for being the HAPPIEST COUNTRY ON EARTH.
Read more about Matt and Niki'sexpat life in Atenas.
- Forum Legend
Expat Health Insurance Partners
Cigna Global
Cigna has worked in international health insurance for more than 30 years. Today, Cigna has over 71 million customer relationships around the world. Looking after them is an international workforce of 31,000 people, plus a network of over 1 million hospitals, physicians, clinics and health and wellness specialists worldwide, meaning you have easy access to treatment.


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Flick by our kitchen design, toilet design, mattress room design, and extra residing areas to create a sanctuary regardless of the room. Most spots up for grabs to businesses are generously open in their association and concept. Many offer terraces and uniquely shaped workspaces, with spots for individualized tasks and collaborative efforts. Similtaneously it provides several things which might be practically helpful for a office, the constructing also offers employees and shoppers there breathtaking views and thoroughly landscaped green areas that contrast in a stunning manner with the still quite urban setting in which the constructing sits.
Biloxi Toilet Reworking Residence Improvement – -IQ affords absolutely the perfect Biloxi property repair and as well as residence renovation service obtainable for Biloxi. They claim to have planted more than three,000 vegetation, timber and bushes, which embrace 450 azaleas, 100 and twenty Japanese maples and 15 juniper blue stars. An excessive kind … Read More


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What is Prayer?
What is prayer to the Christian? Among many topics, prayer is one regarding which countless sermons have been preached, endless conversations had, and classes taken. It is a preponderance of endless measure inspiring awe, questions, and praise. Though many can discuss what prayer is, I have yet to meet one who can authoritatively discuss how it works. Prayer is, in part, a mystery and one that is worthy of every Christian's thoughts.
If there is one thing I have learned through my time overseas, it is that prayer is a great privilege. Consider it. In prayer we are talking with God! I think often times we as Christians take very much for granted the fact that we have this unbelievable gift of approaching the throne of the Almighty Creator of the universe and speaking with Him.
For Muslims, the Christian concept of prayer is far off and far fetched. For these, prayer is a meaningless repetition of vain words spoken five times a day at scheduled intervals facing a particular direction. They will tell you that in prayer they are not, truly, speaking with God. They will also tell you that God may or may not hear them, he may or may not care, and he may or may not respond. I had a friend once look at me utterly flabbergasted when I told her I spoke with God on a daily basis. Her response to my statement was, "No! No man can speak with his God!" Needless to say, we went on to discuss how this was, in fact, very possible.
For many religions, prayer is an instrument through which one hopes they reach God. For others prayer is a cleansing ritual or an act of obedience in hopes of avoiding the wrath of God. For yet others prayer is a mystical exercise by which the self is aligned with the universe. ONLY in Christianity is prayer actually sitting at the foot of the Creator and receiving His listening ear!
Prayer is not vain repetitions or memorized words. It is not petitioning a genie who you hope will grant your three wishes. It is not an overture to a harsh and unloving God. How devastating prayer would be if it were so! The fact alone that prayer, boiled down, is simply "talking with God," ought leave us in awe and wonder. We are talking with God! My mind cannot fully comprehend such an incredible mystery but let me tell you, I will exercise my right as a child of God and embrace this precious privilege!
How Can It Be?
The gospel is a marvelous thing, is it not? To think of the GOD of the entire universe taking MY sin and MY punishment upon His own holy and pristine back all because of love! LOVE! How great it is! How marvelous. It shows me how depraved my own soul sits, unashamedly admitting I would never have done such a thing. Die for my enemies? Forgive those who put a spear to my side? Make a way for permanent relationship to those who would come in the future, the multitude of whom would rather I didn't exist? No way. But that is exactly what He did!
God. In. the. flesh. Came down. Lived perfectly. Died miserably. Rose triumphantly. Oh what glory! The mighty vindicated. The wretch justified. The sinner sanctified. The righteous purified. The blood of Jesus poured out.
Many people write in with comments and questions to thespiritofislam.com, a site managed by Arabic Bible Outreach Ministry. My job on this site is to answer the comments and questions sent in on a daily basis. A few weeks ago, a lady wrote in and since that time, her comment had become my favorite by far.
Her first sentence was, "It does not make sense to say that Jesus died for our sins."
The statement, written in confusion and frustration, made me want to rejoice. Why? BECAUSE SHE IS RIGHT! What sense does it make for a PERFECT, HOLY, JUST God to DIE for MY sins?? It makes no sense whatsoever! But that is the unutterable and marvelous mystery of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
Does it make sense? No. My own death for my own sins - that makes sense. Horrific and justifiable extermination of all rebellious creation - that makes sense. Jesus, God in the flesh, perfect, all-knowing, fully God and fully man, Jesus, who had legions of angles at his beck and call if only He spoke the word, Jesus, dying - that truly does not make sense.
The commenter went on to say, "All the people who were involved with that killing were unjust. How does an unjust killing wipe out my sins?"
I longed to speak with this woman in person. She was so close to the Gospel! Jesus' death WAS unjust. Because He never should have died in the first place. I should have. She should have. Every single being to ever draw breath upon this planet should have. That would have been justice. But God decided to be unjust and take the punishment upon Himself. His death was the most "unjust" act of justice to ever take place. Because it wasn't fair. It wasn't right.
Justice demands a price paid by the law breaker. He never broke a law. But He paid the price justice demanded anyway. It does not make sense. It makes me stand back in awe and wonder. How great a God, how merciful a God, how gracious a God we serve!
The old rugged cross
How can something so ugly be so beautiful? Countless times in conversation with Muslims, the subject of the cross has arisen. Typically, the grand total of understanding as to what the cross is will amount to the misguided notion that the cross is simply "haram" or bad. It is not something to cherish or sing songs about. It is something to scorn.
One day, I was speaking with several friends when one of them caught sight of a cross. Each then began saying the cross was "haram" and shouldn't be displayed. Seizing on the opportunity, I asked them why it was haram. They simply continued stating the fact that it was. I asked if they knew what the cross meant. A few admitted they did not, one said it was where someone died. That was it. The grand total of their understanding. When I next asked if they wanted to know what the cross was all about, they eagerly said, 'yes!'
In order to speak of the cross, I told my friends I needed to ask them a question. I asked them if they thought God was perfect. This question was easy. Of course God is perfect! Muslim or Christian, we can all agree on this point. I then asked them if we as human beings were perfect. This question produced a bit more thought but, in the end, each friend decided that humans are not perfect. We went on to discuss the fact that because God is perfect and we are not, separation has been created between us and God. I continued through the following questions in a lead-up to discussing the cross.
Me: So can we make ourselves perfect?
Friend 1: We can do good things and pray.
Me: But can we make ourselves perfect?
Friend 1: No.
Me: Who is the only one who could make us perfect?
Friend 3: Well, God! Got can make us perfect!
We then talked through the principle of punishment needed as a result of our imperfection. Just like in our family relationships, when a child disobeys his parent, punishment is needed to restore the relationship.
Me: What punishment could be good enough to completely remove the bad from inside us?
Friend 2: (a bit dramatically) DEATH!
Me: Yes!
Friend 1, 2 and 3: (Stunned silence)
Me: But can we die for ourselves?
Friend 3: No. Because then we'd all just be dead.
Me: Exactly. So who is the only one who could die for us?
Friend 3: God. But how could God die??
Ah, now we reach the beauty of that cross. I explained that God loves us and He wants us to have a relationship with Him. So He came down to the earth, called Himself Jesus, lived the perfect life we could never live, and died the rugged-cross death we deserved. I excitedly shared the fact that the story didn't end there! Jesus rose from the dead three days after he had been placed into a grave, proving once and for all that He was God. He had taken the punishment of sin we deserve and if we trust in what He did for us on the cross, we could have a relationship with Him! Through faith in Jesus Christ, our sin is removed and we are considered children of God.
Each friend reacted to our conversation differently. Friend 1 stated she thought the information was interesting then quickly changed the topic of conversation to dress shopping. Friend 2 joined Friend 1 in discussing the latest fashion trends. Friend 3 stayed silent for a long while. Then she caught sight of yet another offensive piece of wood. This time, instead of calling it haram, she turned to me, pointed toward the very symbol she so recently despised, and whispered, "The cross!" with tears in her eyes. In those two breathed words, the entirety of her world view shifted 180 degrees. The vile became desired, the despised became loved. The old, rugged, rejected cross became accepted whole heartedly as the object of salvation suddenly worthy of song and praise.
The Old Rugged Cross. The beautiful, despised, rejected, ugly, tragic, wonderful, longed for, praised, sung about, life changing, soul-inspiring Old Rugged Cross. May we continue to share its beauty with those who despise it!
The Beautiful Offense
"Tolerance" is a pretty hot buzz word these days. It basically amounts to a cultural understanding that we are to be nice to everyone, say nothing that might "offend," live at "peace" with all humanity, and otherwise keep our mouths shut.
The problem with this picture, however, is that to create any lasting change in the world "tolerance" must be set aside. If we want safe streets, we must not "tolerate" criminals which roam them. If we desire a good economy and prosperous trade, we cannot possibly "tolerate" those who would launder money or siphon it from our bank accounts. On all of these issues, the majority of America would shout a rousing, "we agree!" but when it comes to the most important matter of all, the majority of America is silenced.
Thousands of people are going straight to hell all because of "tolerance." That sounds harsh, probably even cringe worthy. But it's true. Thousands are trudging through life, longing for something to offer hope, but are not given the answer because the answer might "offend." Christians, we cannot possibly "tolerate" this norm of culturally-induced silence in reply to false beliefs if we desire that the lost be found.
Never before has the Muslim mission field been so accessible to the church. It was not that many years ago that pioneer missionaries such as Samuel Zwemer had to go to Arab lands, facing persecution and hardship, in order to bring them the good news of the gospel. Today, Muslims are coming to us by the thousands! They are shopping in our stores, attending our schools, and making America their home. While there will always be a place for missionaries to go overseas, if we are not careful, we are going to miss out on an opportunity to step into the mission field that is literally right outside our front door.
Just as any lost soul needs the light of Christ, Muslims desperately need the gospel. Some will be open to it, some will not. But all need to hear it! "How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher?" Romans 10:14. We MUST risk the thought of *gasp* offending someone! We MUST reach out in love and sincerity and share the gospel! Do we not care that these precious offspring of Abraham have no other eternity than hell if they do not believe? This is not a matter of being politically correct! This is a matter of LIFE AND DEATH!
My fellow Christian, please cast aside the notion that we will all live in peace if we simply stick our head in the sand. Cast aside the idea that the best thing you can do for a Muslim is to be "tolerant." I challenge you! Be intolerant and share the gospel! Do not allow mainstream America to so affect you! The gospel is foolishness - "for the preaching of the cross is to them that perish foolishness" I Cor. 1:18a, but it is also the power of God to those who are saved! I Cor. 1:18b. Yes, the gospel is offensive but if the one offended is won to Christ, how beautiful is that offense!
The gospel must be lived out. It must be spoken and taught and preached. It must be given in a spirit of meekness and love and grace. But most importantly it must be given!
I will leave you to dwell on this quote from a former Muslim:
A Mosque-Sized Problem
We have a HUGE problem in America today. A mosque-sized problem.
Mosques are popping up in every major city across the country. Chances are, if you live in a populous city or state, there is mosque coming to a " street corner near you." The number of mosques rose a whopping 74% in the 2000-2010 decade, growing from 1,209 to 2,106! There are mosques in every state in the union and in each of our territories. There are 246 mosques in California alone! New York wins out as having the highest number in the nation with 257 and Texas is well on its way with 166.
But is this really the problem? I am going to take a bold step here and say a very emphatic NO!
The building of mosques at an exponential rate is not the problem. Muslims coming to our shores and integrating into our society is not the problem. This, my dear friends, is an opportunity!
The mosque-sized problem is that generally we in the western church are doing a great big nothing about it. I say "generally" because certainly there are ministries and churches which do, indeed, reach out to this growing populace living in darkness and in dire need of Christ. By and large, however, we as a church turn and look the other way, refusing to acknowledge the Muslim walking down the grocery aisle let alone say "hello."
I say these things with the full realization that there are a few major obstacles in the "way" of reaching out. Firstly, there is the "fear factor." Considering everything seen on any news station around the country, most Americans equate "Muslim" with "9/11" and now "ISIS." The other issue is a lack of understanding in the "how-to" realm. The oh-so common question of, "What if I offend him/her?" swirls around our heads before we even get up the nerve to say hello. Combine these two issues, and the typical Christian turns the other way or simply ignores the Muslim walking opposite them in the grocery store.
How many "well-meaning" Christians turn away instead of engaging the Muslim who has come to our shores? So many that in only 10 years the number of mosques "grew" by seventy-four percent! They are not afraid of offending us, my friend. How dare we let "fear" keep us from potentially "offending" them!
I want to challenge you today. Our problem isn't Muslims or mosques. Our problem is our own lack of reaching out with the glorious gospel of the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ. Having lived overseas in a Muslim context, I can promise you, not all Muslims are going to want to murder you in your sleep. Yes, there are "extremists" who would be more than happy to do so, but may I also be so bold as to say they need Jesus too! Throw aside the fear and doubt the devil would so love to hinder you with and the next time you see a Muslim walking down the street, gather up the courage to say hello! As far as offending them goes - "Hello" is not a very offensive word.
Here are a few "how-tos" for those of you who have Muslims living in your neighborhood.
1. If you are going to say hello and introduce yourself, make sure you say it to the correct gender. Men socialize with men and women socialize with women. Period. In a husband/wife situation, the socialization rules are pretty much the same. Husbands speak with each other, wives speak with each other.
2. Let your beliefs infiltrate your speech. Including things like, "God brought me to this town 12 years ago..." and, "Lord willing..." are great ways to let a Muslim know you worship God and aren't afraid to show it. And while we're on the subject, don't be afraid to show it! For the most part, Muslims live, eat, and breathe Islam. We should live, eat, and breathe Jesus Christ!
3. If you are able to strike up a conversation, offer a way for further contact. If you just met these people, give a phone number (again, remember #1) or your street address and invite them over! Muslims are very hospitable people and though they may not seem super friendly at first, they will warm up to you through a genuine offer of friendship. Remember, they are largely ignored and ostracized due to media attention and the fact that most people would rather they just leave instead of adjust and fit into our society.
I cannot possibly overemphasize #2. LET YOUR LIGHT SHINE is a commandment, not a suggestion. Muslims are won to Christ by seeing and hearing about the love, grace, mercy, and light of the Lord Jesus through His Gospel. Speak of Him, love Him through your actions, let Him affect and flavor every single thing you do. Be the salt of the earth. Reach out with the love of Christ. In Jesus' day harlots and Samaritans were the ignored and ignoble people of society. But many of them are in the kingdom of God because Jesus purposely spoke to them about redemption, their need for it, and the way they could obtain it.
Let us reach out, let our light shine, and speak the glorious news of the precious gospel!
Prior Posts:
July 2018
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Common Questions
Q: What time does school start and end?
A. LWE opens at 7:20 am for student drop off. School begins at 7:40am. School dismisses at 3:00pm
Q: What time is my child's lunch?
A: Please visit your child's teacher's website on Schoology where you can see their daily schedule, including lunch time.
Q: Can I change my child's transportation?
A: Yes, before 1:45 pm. Click here to log onto School Dismissal Manager. Please contact us if you need login instructions.
Q: When should I keep my child home from school?
A: Please keep children home if ANY of the these symptoms are present: temperature 100.0 or above, vomiting, diarrhea, red or draining eyes, undiagnosed rash, severe sore throat, cough or headache. Children must be fever free, vomiting or diarrhea free for 24 hours without the use of medication, like Tylenol or Motrin, before they can return to school.
Q: What do I do when my child is absent from school? What do I do if my child has a medical appointment?
A: Attendance is taken each day at 10:00 am. If your child leaves campus before, or comes in after, 10:00 am they are considered absent for the day. Please use school dismissal manager to report your child's absence every time they are absent. In addition, send a note when they return to school. This may be a written note, email, or doctor's note if you had a medical appointment. A doctor's note is required after 5 days.
If your child has a medical appointment during the school day and attends school before or after the appointment, a note from the health care provider must be submitted when the student returns to school. This ensures the student can be counted as present for the day of the appointment.
Regular school attendance is essential for a student to make the most of his/her education. Students and parents should make every effort to avoid unnecessary absences.
Q: What is extended care? How do I register?
A: Extended Care is an after school child care service provided at all Lake Travis ISD elementary campuses for children enrolled in Pre-K through 5th grade. Certified teachers, teacher assistants and monitors supervise the children at all times. Extended Care is in session each school day, offering child care from 3:00-6:00pm. Please go to the extended care website or you can also contact our Extended Care Director, Nicole Hundley, at 533-5557 if you have any questions.
Q: What is DI?
A: The Destination Imagination (DI) program is a parent-led program that encourages teams of learners to have fun, take risks, focus and frame challenges while incorporating STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), the arts, and service learning. The students learn patience, flexibility, persistence, ethics, respect for others and their ideas, creativity, and the collaborative problem solving process. Please contact Tom Seabolt at email@example.com for more information.


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Connecting Family MembersBy Jeannette Holland Austin
Every genealogist encounters difficulties in tracing the ancestors. One prevalent issue is the marriage record. Although all marriage records were not recorded, another means of locating the name of the husband of a daughter (for example) would be to examine the will and estate of the child's father, especially the vouchers, receipts and annual returns. It was not customary for a married daughter to inherit, and this means that her husband took possession of her portion. Watch carefully the names of those who purchase items from estate sales and the receipts filed along with the Annual Returns. Also, the names of all grandchildren should be properly identified with their parents. The reason is that this information could easily disclose the father that a daughter was married more than once.
. . . more . . .
Index to Georgia Wills-See Names of your Ancestors
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The United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1701 in August 2006, which brought about an end to the 34-day war between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon. The resolution called on the Lebanese government to "secure its borders and other entry points to prevent the entry in Lebanon without its consent of arms or related materiel" and authorized the peacekeepers of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon ('UNIFIL") to assist the government of Lebanon to accomplish this objective "at its request."
Resolution 1701 also required "disarmament of all armed groups in Lebanon" except for "the Lebanese State." The disarmament was intended to include Hezbollah.
In addition, UNIFIL was mandated to "assist the Lebanese armed forces in taking steps towards the establishment, between the Blue Line [the UN published border demarcation between Lebanon and Israel] and the Litani river, of an area free of any armed personnel, assets…
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It contains 169 Calories per 174 g. it is high in digestible fiber. It is similar to rice in taste and texture. It has a rich source of minerals and vitamins, providing essential ingredients.
In classicalIndiafast it is prohibited to eat rice and hence it becomes the healthy replacement of rice.
Indiais going through an epidemic of metabolic syndrome, a disease due to eating a lot of refined carbohydrates and manifests as insulin over production, insulin resistance, pot belly obesity, hypertension and diabetes.
Wheat and rice are rich in refined carbohydrates. It is said that one should observe cereal fast 80 days in a year and on that day one should not eat wheat flour, rice and sugar. In traditional fast diet one can replace wheat flour with kuttu and singhara flour; pulses or dal with rajgiri or cholai and rice with Samak chaval. All are fruits in origin and good for heart.
Even diabetic patients can eat Samak Chaval. One will loose the benefits if it is cooked in hydrogenated Vanaspati oil.


text: The co-founders believe that with the increased connectivity of information technology and social media, they can build a network and online platform connecting franchisers to franchisees that operates as a business growth tool as well. Franchise.pk is the one-stop solution for setting up a franchise in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and eventually, all of Pakistan in every sector. In a span of a few months since its inception and development, the company has brought on board seventy franchises on board their online platform, six of which are international brands from the United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates. In addition to serving the franchising community in Pakistan, the co-founders have also diversified their revenue streams in a three-pronged manner. Firstly, they charge a commission on franchises reaching maturity; secondly, they have a quarterly magazine that promotes franchises and features relevant content; and lastly, they do PR and event management consultations for their franchisers and franchisees.


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Always be a Moose
Designed and printed in the UK and comes with signature blue envelope.
Blank inside for own personal message.
Card dimensions: 150 x 150mm
Product added! Browse Wishlist
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SKU: Always be a Moose card Categories: Birthday, Blumoose & Friends, General, Greetings Cards Tags: blumoose, card, cute, funny, greetings, moose, motivational


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Hard hats are protective helmets that are worn by people to protect them from hitting their heads during a fall or to prevent falling debris from injuring their heads and causing irreparable damage that could maim them for life. Various versions of hard hats are manufactured these days that suit almost any type of working conditions. Hats could be fitted with visors, mirrors or lights which are very useful if the work site does not have sufficient lighting.
Fitting lights to your hat gives you the flexibility of having hands-free light to help you do your work more effectively with both your hands. Most of the lights designed for hard hats run on batteries and come with adjustable cloth straps that can be fitted onto your head quite comfortably. Quite a large variety of lights are available on the web and, the online stores which stock them provide you with a competitive pricing structure and detail out the features. Choosing the right light online is an extremely simple process these days.
Some of them even come in combinations of a Xenon lamp with LED lights. Xenon lamps are a popular choice in hard hat lights as they are able to provide a superior white collimated light beam which is a definite advantage when bright light is required and you can easily switch to LED when the need for illumination is not so much. The rubber straps provided help in fitting the lights tightly onto the hard hat. You not only have the flexibility of using both your hands but you don't have to worry about the light slipping out all the time.
Some brands of hard hat lights even come with a multi-angle pivoting head that makes aiming the light wherever it is required extremely easy. Hard hat lights are an essential part of any workplace where there is minimal light source. Brim lights are another type of light, which can also be used in combination with the hard hat. Brim lights are generally made of flexible, weightless EVA foam and can be fixed on to any form of headgear with the help of metal clips. Lights that fit onto the brim provide a large amount of flexibility and the visual field provided is believed to be much superior than any flashlight or headlamp.
Most hard hat lights come with convenient mounting accessories that makes fitting onto any form of headgear extremely easy. Some varieties are also waterproof as these could find application in diving and deep-sea activities. Manufacturers provide handy combination packs of the lights with batteries and most of the lights are able to provide a steady source of light for up to 4-5 hours. Hard hat lights can be used for business and pleasure alike as they are not only an essential part of construction or mining head gear but at the same time also serve as an important component of camping and trekking equipment.
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No longer do you need to print and fill out your patient information forms before your appointment with us. When you call to schedule your initial appointment, we will ask for your email address. You will receive an email from our partner, Orthofi, which will contain the electronic forms for you to complete before we see you.
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Since 1982, LANDMECO has developed and produced laying nests. The nests are exported to all parts of the world. LANDMECOs breeding nest is developed with particular focus on minimizing all potential shock impacts, from the egg leaves the hen...
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Method of making dRAM cell with trench capacitor
A dRAM cell and array of cells, together with a method of fabrication, are disclosed wherein the cell includes one field effect transistor and one storage capacitor with both the transistor and the capacitor formed in a trench in a substrate. The transistor source, channel and drain and one capacitor plate are formed essentially vertically in the bulk substrate sidewalls of the trench, and the gate and other capacitor plate are formed in two regions of material inserted into the trench and isolated from the bulk by an insulating layer. Signal charge is stored on the capacitor material inserted into the trench by an electrical connection of the bulk substrate source to the capacitor material through the insulating layer. In preferred embodiments word lines on the substrate surface connect to the upper of the inserted regions which forms the gate, and bit lines on the substrate surface form the drains. The trenches and cells are formed at the crossings of bit lines and word lines; the bit lines and the word lines form perpendicular sets of parallel lines.
Latest Texas Instruments Incorporated Patents:
The present invention relates to semiconductor devices, and, more particularly, to dynamic random access memories.
The development of large monolithic dynamic random access memories (dRAMs) has run into many problems, and one of the most important of these problems is that of shrinking the dRAM cell size without increasing the soft-error rate in order to pack more cells on a chip. Large dRAMs are silicon based and each cell typically includes a single MOS field effect transistor with its source connected to a storage capacitor, its drain connected to a bit line, and its gate connected to a word line; the cell operates by storing a charge on the capacitor for a logic 1 and not storing any charge for a logic 0. Traditionally the cell capacitor has been formed by an inversion layer separated from an overlying electrode by a thin oxide layer and from the substrate by a depletion layer. However, to maintain stable circuit operation the capacitance must be large enough to yield a sufficient signal to noise ratio, and this leads to large substrate area devoted to the capacitor. Further, such a MOS capacitor is vulnerable to charges generated in the substrate by alpha particles (a 5 MeV alpha particle can produce more than 200 femtocoulombs of hazardous electrons), noise injected from the substrate, pn junction leakage over the entire area of the capacitor, and subthreshold leakage of the cell transistor. A typical stored charge in a dRAM cell is 250 fC. For a five volt power supply this requires a storage capacitor of 50 fF; and with a storage oxide thickness of 150 A, a capacitor area of about 20 square microns is needed. This imposes a lower limit on the cell size if conventional two dimensional technology is used.
One approach to solve these problems appears in Jolly et al, A Dynamic RAM Cell in Recrystallized Polysilicon, 4 IEEE Elec. Dev.Lett. 8 (1983) and forms all basic elements of the cell, including both the access transistor and the charge storage capacitor, in a layer of beam recrystallized polysilicon deposited on an oxide layer on a silicon substrate. The bit line is contained in the recrystallized polysilicon layer, and turning on the transistor causes charge to flow into the storage region, which is composed of heavily doped, recrystallized polysilicon surrounded on the top, bottom, and three sides by thermally grown oxide. The storage capability is about twice that of a conventional capacitor of the same storage area since ground electrodes both above and below are separated from the storage region in the recrystallized polysilicon by capacitor insulator oxides. In addition, the lower oxide isolates the storage region from any charge injected into the substrate either from surrounding circuitry or by alpha particles or other radiation generating soft errors. Further, thick oxide under the bit line and complete sidewall oxide isolation reduce the bit-line capacitance. However, even doubling the capacitance over the traditional design fails to sufficiently shrink the area occupied by the cell capacitor. Further, beam recrystallization disturbs underlying structures and is not a simple, established process.
A second approach to shrinking dRAM cell size relies on a capacitor with plates extending into the substrate. This capacitor, called a corrugated capacitor, is described in H. Sunami et al, A Corrugated Capacitor Cell (CCC) for Megabit Dynamic MOS Memories, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 806 (1982); H. Sunami et al, A Corrugated Capacitor Cell (CCC) for Megabit Dynamic MOS Memories, 4 IEEE Elec.Dev.Lett. 90 (1983); and K. Itoh et al, An Experimental 1Mb DRAM with On-Chip Voltage Limiter, 1984 IEEE ISSCC Digest of Tech Papers 282. The corrugated capacitor extends about 2.5 microns into the silicon substrate. Fabrication proceeds as follows: Trenches are formed by ordinary reactive sputter etching with CC1.sub.4 gas using a CVD silicon dioxide film mask; a wet etch cleans up any dry etching damage and contaminations. After trench formation, a triple storage layer of silicon dioxide/silicon nitride/silicon dioxide is formed on the trench walls. Lastly, the trench is filled with LPCVD polysilicon. Use of the corrugated capacitor assertedly yields more than seven times the capacitance of the conventional cell, with a three micron by seven micron cell having a 60 fF storage capacitance.
A third approach to shrink the area occupied by the cell capacitor is similar to the approach described in the preceding paragraph and forms the capacitor in a trench. For example, E. Arai, Submicron MOS VLSI Process Technologies, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 19 (1983); K. Minegishi et al, A Submicron CMOS Megabit Dynamic RAM Technology Using Doped Face Trench Capacitor Cell, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 319 (1983); and T. Morie et al, Depletion Trench Capacitor Technology for Megabit Level MOS dRAM, 4 IEEE Elec.Dev.Lett. 411 (1983) all describe a cell with a traditional design except for the capacitor which has been changed from plates parallel to the substrate to plates on the walls of a trench in the substrate. Such a trench capacitor permits large capacitance per unit area of substrate by simply using a deep trench. The capacitors described in these articles were fabricated as follows: Starting with (100) oriented, p-type, 4-5 ohm-cm resistivity silicon substrates, trench patterns with 0.4-1.0 micron width were formed by electron-beam direct writing. Trenches of 1-3 micron depth were then excavated by reactive ion etching with CBrF.sub.3 at a pressure of about 14 mTorr; the trench surfaces were cleared of RIE damage by an etch in a mixture of nitric, acetic, and hydrofluoric acids. PSG was then deposited by CVD using a PH.sub.3 /SiH.sub.4 /O.sub.2 gas system, the phosphorous diffused into the trench surface layers, and the PSG etched away by hydofluoric acid. SiO.sub.2 of 150-500 A was grown in dry O.sub.2 or CVD Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 was deposited 500 A thick on the trench walls. Lastly, the trenches were filled with LPCVD polysilicon. The capacitance per unit area of trench sidewall was comparable to the capacitance per unit area of a traditional capacitor; consequently, deep trench capacitors can shrink cell substrate area by enhancing the storage capacitor area per unit substrate area. However, the cell transistor in these trench capacitor cells is formed in the bulk substrate adjacent to the capacitor and is not isolated as in the first approach.
The use of trenches for isolation is also well known and has been extensively studied; for example, R.Rung et al, Deep Trench Isolated CMOS Devices, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 237 (1982); K. Cham et al, A Study of the Trench Inversion Problem in the Trench CMOS Technology, 4 IEEE Elec.Dev.Lett. 303 (1983); A. Hayasaka et al, U-Groove Isolation Technique for High Speed Bipolar VLSI's, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 62 (1982); H. Goto et al, An Isolation Technology for High Performance Bipolar Memories--IOP-II, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 58 (1982); T. Yamaguchi et al, High-Speed Latchup-Free 0.5-um-Channel CMOS Using Self-Aligned TiSi.sub.2 and Deep-Trench Isolation Technologies, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 522 (1983); S.Kohyama et al, Directions in CMOS Technology, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 151 (1983); and K.Cham et al, Characterization and Modeling of the Trench Surface Inversion Problem for the Trench Isolated CMOS Technology, IEEE IEDM Tech Digest 23 (1983). These isolation trenches are formed in a manner similar to that described for the trench and corrugated capacitors; namely, patterning (typically with oxide mask), RIE with CBrF.sub.3, CC1.sub.4, C1.sub.2 -H.sub.2, CC1.sub.4 -O.sub.2, etc. excavation, thermal oxidation (plus LPCVD nitride) of the sidewalls, and filling with polysilicon.
However, the beam recrystallized cell occupies too much substrate area and the trench capacitor cells fail to isolate the transistor and capacitor storage plate from the substrate. And all of these cells do not minimize the substrate area occupied.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a one-transistor/one-capacitor dRAM cell structure and array in which the cell transistor is formed on the sidewalls of a substrate trench containing the cell capacitor; the word and bit lines cross over this trench. This stacking of the transistor on top of the capacitor yields a cell with minimal area on the substrate and solves a problem of dense packing of cells.
In a preferred embodiment, one capacitor plate and the transistor channel and source region are formed in the bulk sidewall of the trench and the transistor gate and the other plate of the capacitor are both formed in polysilicon in the trench but separated from each other by an oxide layer inside the trench. The signal charge is stored on the polysilicon capacitor plate by an electrical connection of the source region with the polysilicon capacitor plate, and this solves the problem of isolation from the bulk. Further, the bit lines are isolated from the bulk by a thick oxide and thereby keeps bit line capacitance to a minimum.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A-B are the schematic equivalent circuit and local memory array geometry for preferred embodiment dRAM cells;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional elevation of a first preferred embodiment dRAM cell taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1B; and
FIGS. 3A-G illustrate a sequence of process steps for fabrication of the first preferred embodiment cell by a first preferred embodiment method.DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The preferred embodiment dRAM cells are one transistor/one capacitor cells connected to bit and word lines as shown in schematic FIG. 1A and operate as follows. Capacitor 12 stores charge to represent a bit of information (for example, no stored charge could represent a logic 0 and the stored charge corresponding to a potential of 5 volts across the capacitor plates could represent a logic 1). The bit of information is accessed (to read or to write a new bit) by applying a voltage on word line 14 connected to gate 16 to turn ON transistor 18; a turned ON transistor 18 connects capacitor 12 to bit line 20 for the read or write operation. Leakage currents and other sources of decay of the charge on capacitor 12 necessitate periodic refreshing of the charge, and thus the name dynamic RAM (dRAM).
FIG. 1B is a plan view showing a portion of a dRAM array of bit lines 20 and word lines 14 with preferred embodiment cells 30 at the intersections of the lines; note that bit lines 20 pass under word lines 14. The cells extend down into the substrate below the lines and provide a maximal density memory. If the minimum feature size is denoted by f and the minimum registration is denoted by R, then the cell area is [2(f+R)].sup.2. For example, with a minimum feature size of 1.0 micron and a minimum registration tolerance of 0.25 micron, the cell area is about 6.25 square microns.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first preferred embodiment dRAM cell, generally denoted 30. Cell 30 is formed in p+ silicon substrate 32 with p epilayer 34 and includes n+ polysilicon bit line 20, bit line insulating nitride 42, field oxide 36, n+ polysilicon word line 14, transistor 18 channel 44, transistor 18 gate oxide 46, n diffused region 48 which forms the source for transistor 18, n+ polysilicon region 50 which forms one of the plates of capacitor 12 with p+ substrate 32 forming the other and ground plate, oxide 52 which forms the insulator between the plates of capacitor 12, insulating oxide 56 which separates word line 14 from capacitor plate 50, n diffused region 22 which forms the drain of transistor 18, n polysilicon region 21 which connects bit line 20 with drain region 22, and n polysilicon region 49 which connects source 48 with n+ capacitor plate 50. Gate 16 of transistor 18 is simply that portion of word line 14 that is across gate oxide 46 from channel region 44. The view of cell 30 in FIG. 2 corresponds to a section along vertical line 2--2 in FIG. 18; the square cross section of the trench containing capacitor 12 and transistor 18 is apparent in FIG. 1B.
In cell 30 capacitor 12 is formed with one of its plates being n+ region 50 together with n region 48 and the other plate being substrate 32 together with epilayer 34; however, the doping of epilayer 34 is much lower than that of p+ substrate 32 so the capacitance of the n/p junction of region 48 and epilayer 34 and the capacitance of n+ region 50/oxide 52/p epilayer 34 are both much less than the capacitance of n+ region 50/oxide 52/p+ substrate 32 and may be ignored. Also, as will be detailed below, the plate area of epilayer 34 is small compared to that of substrate 32, and this further makes insignificant the capacitance associated with epilayer 34. Consequently, the bulk of the charge stored by capacitor 12 is isolated from substrate 32 (and epilayer 34) by oxide 52. For a trench with a one micron by one micron cross section and six micron depth, the capacitor 12 plate area would be about 21 square microns if one micron of the depth is epilayer 34 and bit line 20. P+ substrate 32 is the ground common to all cells 30 in an array.
Transistor 18 in cell 30 is entirely in bulk silicon with a polysilicon gate; channel region 44 is part of p epilayer 34, source region 48 (which is also a part of a plate of capacitor 12) and drain region 20 are n diffusions in p epilayer 34, gate oxide 46 is grown on the trench surface of p epilayer 34, and gate 16 is part of polysilicon word line 14. Field oxide 36 is fairly thick and minimizes the capacitance of bit line 20.
The dimensions and materials characteristic of cell 30 are best understood in connection with the following description of a first preferred embodiment method of fabrication; FIGS. 3A-G illustrate the sequence of process steps.
1. (100) oriented p+ silicon substrate 32 of resistivity less than 1E-2 ohm-cm has p epilayer 34 grown with a carrier concentration of 2E16/cm3 and thickness such that after all thermal processing the final p epilayer thickness is two microns. Field oxide 36 (including protective oxide 37) is formed by standard processing. As an example, SWAMI process may be used (grow stress relief oxide, deposit LPCVD nitride, pattern and plasma etch the nitride-oxide-silicon, boron implant for channel stops, grow second stress relief oxide, deposit second nitride, deposit LPCVD oxide, plasma etch LPCVD oxide-nitride, wet etch filaments of LPCVD oxide remaining from previous etch, thermally grow field oxide to yield an approximately planar structure, and strip the nitrides). Regardless of the method used, the final thickness of field oxide 36 is 5000A and protective oxide 37 is about 200A thick. 2000A of polysilicon 20 is deposited by LPCVD, doped to a carrier concentration of 1 E20/cm3, and patterned and etched to form bit lines 20. Next, 10,000A of nitride 42 is deposited by LPCVD; see FIG. 3A.
2. Nitride 42 is patterned to define the one micron square trenches. The patterned nitride 42 is then used as the mask for RIE with HCL excavation of the trenches to a depth of 6 microns. The trench walls are cleaned of RIE damage and contamination with a wet acid etch; see FIG. 3B. Note that nitride 42 is also partially removed by the RIE.
3. Oxide 52 is grown to a thickness of 200A on the trench walls and bottom. The trench is then filled with n+ doped polysilicon as part of a deposition of 7000A of n+ polysilicon by LPCVD; see FIG. 3C.
4. Polysilicon 50 is planarized, such as with spun on photoresist, and plasma etched completely away on the surface and down into the trench to about 3000A above the epilayer 34/substrate 32 interface; see FIG. 3D. As will be seen below, the location of the top of the remaining polysilicon 50 in the trench will approximately determine the bottom of the channel of transistor 18. Note that nitride layer 42 is further eroded by the plasma etch but is still at least 2000A thick.
5. The exposed portion to oxide 52 is etched, and this etching is continued to overetch 1000 to 2000A of oxide. This overetch removes the top portion of oxide 52 between epilayer 34 and polysilicon 50 to a depth of 1000 to 2000A, as indicated by arrows 53 in FIG. 3E; and also removes 1000 to 2000A of protective oxide 37 between epilayer 34 and bit line 20, as indicated by arrows 39 in FIG. 3E. This overetch in effect is forming two small annular crevices, each with a depth of 1000 to 2000A and a width of 200A; one of these small crevices girdles the top portion of polysilicon 50 as indicated by arrows 53, and the other of these small crevices runs horizontally around the boundary of bit line 20 as indicated by arrows 39.
6. 200A of polysilicon 51 is deposited by LPCVD, this is sufficient thickness to insure that the small crevices indicated by arrows 53 and 39 in FIG. 3E are filled; see FIG. 3F.
7. 500A of oxide 55 is thermally grown, this is just enough oxidation to oxidize all of polysilicon 51 except for that portion in the small crevices indicated by arrows 53 and 39 in FIG. 3E, which are too far from the oxidizing interface. This amount of oxidation also consumes very little epilayer 34. The high temperatures of the thermal oxidation of polysilicon 51 causes the dopant in n+ polysilicon 50 to diffuse through the polysilicon 51 in the small crevice indicated by arrows 53 and into p epilayer 34; this diffusion of dopants forms n type polysilicon region 49 and n type region 48 in p epilayer 34; see FIG. 3G. Further, a similar diffusion of dopants from bit line 20 through the polysilicon in the small crevice indicated by arrows 39 and into epilayer 34 forms n polysilicon region 21 and n type region 22 in epilayer 34; see FIG. 3G.
8. Oxide 55 is etched away, and gate oxide 46 plus insulating oxide 56 thermally grown; gate oxide 46 is grown to a thickness of 250A, and oxide 56 is, consequently, somewhat thicker because it is simultaneously grown on n+ doped polysilicon 50. Lastly, 7000A of n+ polysilicon is deposited by LPCVD and patterned and etched to form word lines 14. See FIG. 2 for the completed cell. Note that gate 16 (the portion of word line 14 opposite channel 44) controls all of channel 44 despite the thickness of oxide 56 because n region 48, which forms the source for transistor 18, is formed by a diffusion of dopants from polysilicon 50 through polysilicon region 49 and thus extends into epilayer 34 vertically from region 49 as well as horizontally. This vertical diffusion extends sufficiently so that gate 16 will control all of channel 44.
Many modifications of the preferred embodiments are available which still fall within the scope of the invention in that such modifications, either singly or in combinations, do not disrupt the storage of signal charge by the capacitor nor the on/off function of the transistor. Such modifications include the following:
The trench cross section could be whatever shape is convenient, such as circular, rectangular, arbitrary convex, corrugated, even multiconnected and could even vary along the vertical, continuously or in steps or both. Similarly, the trench sidewalls need not be vertical, rather any geometry that can be processed should work to a greater or lesser extent, such as bulging, tapered, and sloped sidewalls; indeed, any simply connected trench is homeomorphic to the parallelepiped of the preferred embodiment. Lastly, the dimensions of the trench (depth, cross sectional area, diameter, and so forth) may be varied but in practice are a tradeoff of process convenience, capacitance required, substrate area, and so forth. Of course, the capacitance required depends upon the refresh time, transistor leakage current, supply voltage, soft error immunity, capacitor leakage current, et cetera.
The capacitor insulator can be of any convenient material such as oxide, nitride, oxide-nitride, oxide-nitride-oxide, and other stack combinations, and the oxide could be thermally grown, LPCVD, grown dry or in steam, and so forth. The thickness of the insulator is a tradeoff of process convenience, insulator realibility, dielectric constant, breakdown voltage, and so forth and may vary widely. Of course, if the cell and array are fabricated in semiconductor material other than silicon (such as gallium arsenide, aluminum gallium arsenide, mercury cadmium telluride, germanium, indium phosphide, and so forth), the capacitor insulator will be a corresponding material. Also, for the capacitor formed by a reverse biased junction, the doping profiles may be varied, the choice will be a tradeoff of process convenience, cell size, capacitor performance, and so forth. Similarly, amorphous silicon could be used in place of polysilicon, and the etch back to form the crevices may be wet or dry (plasma).
The transistor can be formed to operate with a variety of threshold voltages by adjusting the threshold voltage (such as by a shallow diffusion on the channel just prior to gate oxide growth or deposition). The doping levels and the doping species can be varied so as to vary the transistor characteristics; note that the transistor channel length is determined approximately by trench depth and channel width is roughly equal to the trench perimeter and that n-channel and p-channel devices require oppositely doped regions. The transistor gate may be polysilicon, metal, silicide, and so forth. All of these variations affect performance of the transistor but are acceptable if the transistor adequately performs as a pass transistor for the cell in view of the other characteristics of the cell including required read and write times, the capacitance, the refresh time, and so forth.
1. A method for forming a coupled capacitor and transistor comprising the steps of;
- forming a trench in the surface of a substrate;
- coating the surfaces of said trench with a first insulating layer;
- forming a first conductive region by filling the lower portion of said trench with a conductive material;
- removing the exposed portion of said insulating layer plus an additional portion of said insulating layer between said conductive material and said substrate;
- filling the crevice formed by said additional portion removal with a conductive material;
- diffusing dopant atoms from said first conductive region, through said filled crevice, into said substrate to form a source region;
- forming a drain region in said substrate adjacent the upper portion of said trench, separated from said source region by a channel region;
- forming a gate insulating layer in the upper portion of said trench; and
- filling the remainder of said trench with a conductive material which serves as a gate.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said substrate comprises silicon.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein said first insulating layer comprises silicon dioxide.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein said gate insulating layer comprises silicon dioxide.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the conductive material used is silicon.
|August 8, 1978
|September 26, 1978
|April 22, 1980
|Natori et al.
|October 5, 1982
|Jaccodine et al.
|December 14, 1982
|Garnache et al.
|August 2, 1983
|February 14, 1984
|July 24, 1984
|Ho et al.
|May 1984
|January 1986
|July 1982
|December 1982
|January 1983
|January 1984
|September 1967
- An Isolated-Merged Vertical Capacitor Cell for Large Capacity dRAM; Nakajima et al., IEDM, 1984, pp. 240-243. Lee et al., "Short-Channel Field Effect Transistors in V-Grooves", IBM TDB, vol. 22, No. 8B, Jan. 1980, pp. 3630-3634. Chang et al., "Fabrication of V-MOS or U-MOS Random Access Memory Cells with a Self Aligned Word Line", IBM TDB, vol. 22, Dec. 1979, pp. 2768-2771. Barson, "Dynamic DMOS Random-Access Memory Cell Design With Trench", IBM TDB, vol. 21, No. 7, Dec. 1978, pp. 2755-2756. Kenney, "V-Groove Dynamic Memory Cell", IBM TDB, vol. 23, No. 9, Feb. 1981, pp. 967-969. Kenney, "Reduced Bit Line Capacitance in VMOS Devices", IBM TDB, vol. 23, No. 9, Feb. 1981, pp. 4052-4053. Fatula et al, "N Skin Elimination in UMOS Device by Reoxidation", IBM TDB, vol. 22, No. 8A, Jan. 1980 pp. 3204-3205. Chang, "Vertical FET Random-Access Memories with Deep Trench Isolation", IBM TDB, vol. 22, No. 8B, Jan. 1980, pp. 3683-3687. "CMOS Dynamic Random-Access Memory Cell", IBM Tech. Disc. Bull., vol. 28-6 Nov. 1985, pp. 2578-2579.
Type: Grant
Filed: Nov 12, 1987
Date of Patent: Jan 10, 1989
Assignee: Texas Instruments Incorporated (Dallas, TX)
Inventors: Satwinder S. Malhi (Garland, TX), Gordon P. Pollack (Richardson, TX)
Primary Examiner: Brian E. Hearn
Assistant Examiner: Tom Thomas
Attorneys: Douglas A. Sorensen, Melvin Sharp, James T. Comfort
Application Number: 7/122,560
International Classification: H01L 2710; H01L 21302;


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We all know YouTubers can be ruthless in the comments and the NBA YouTube channel has taken a lot of $#it over the past few years for showing so many Steph Curry and Warriors videos and skipping great highlights from lesser popular players. On Monday, they showed a video of Steph Curry hitting an impressive 75 foot shot after the clock expired and got roasted for it.
- NBA would make a video of Curry masturbating (37 likes)
- It didn't count. Why are you showing us this? If Jordan Clarkson did this you wouldn't post it (54 likes)
- But couldn't hit 1 three in the final minutes of game 7. (44 likes)
- Remember when Terrence Ross hit a 3 pointer, but the shot clock hadn't inspired yet…
- Next NBA Video: Steph Curry Taking a Shit In His 5,000,000 Dollar Home
- Seen plenty of players do this shit before and not get a video. Mario Chalmers atleast twice and no video.
- what's next nba, a vid of you blowing him?
- NBA would make a video for Curry even if it didn't count but if it was any other player..
- The NBA is riding Stephen curry dick reverse cowgirl
- TBH if Westbrook or Harden did this, they would call it "lucky"
- When anyone makes an amazing shot that doesn't count (like T-Ross vs Kings), the NBA shows nothing, but when that little fucker makes an amazing shot that doesn't count, they just have to dickride Stephanie.
But it wasn't all hate. Curry did have plenty of fans stick up for him and let the angry YouTubers know they need need a life.
- all these haters got me weak omfg, its literally a 40 sec vid of the greatest shooter making a sick shot yet y'all getting your panties in a twist lmfao #getalife
- Ain't gonna lie that shot was wet asf
As for the rest of the game, Curry was off (2-6 3pt) but wasn't needed as the Warriors roasted the Pacers 120-83. Curry had 22 points in 30 minutes.
As for the NBA YouTube channel, Ximo Pierto (Ballislife alumni) is much better and the real MVP of YouTube.
Just for the Curry haters.


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So this is a very simple recipe but it is one i have made a couple times and really enjoy. Its a very simple apple that i find taste very true to the nature of a Fuji apple. Also I have been told by many people that the aroma is a hit you in the face apple (which I believe would hurt). Let me know what you think.
(FA) Fuji Apple 5%
(CAP) Double Apple 3%
(CAP) Honeydew Melon 3%
I mix this at 1.5 mg nicotine and do max VG. I prefer max VG in my vape but I'm sure this can be adjusted to your style. Let me know what you think.
Perfect I just received my first time order of Fuji Apple. I love other apple recipes so this looks good. Also simpler is often better imo at least when Im mixing recipes lol!


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Lifschutz Davidson Sandilands has won planning permission for this development above a planned Crossrail station in Hanover Square, London
More from: Make submits Hanover Square office scheme
Sitting above the new eastern entrance to Bond Street station, the scheme will create almost 28,000m² of mixed-use space.
Preparatory works for a new ticket hall beneath the site have already started on site.
David Allen, Crossrail's finance director said: 'This is the first in a number of significant schemes being made possible by the new Crossrail stations.
'Crossrail has created an opportunity to develop a new Masterplan for this prominent [0.5 hectare] site in Mayfair. The plans include a mixed use over-site development above the entrance to Crossrail's Bond Street station in Hanover Square.
'Sites above other Crossrail stations are being developed to ensure we take advantage of the regeneration opportunities Crossrail is bringing to London and to ensure that the new railway plays a full role in creating an improved urban environment.'
Bond Street Tube station currently handles 155,000 daily and with the arrival of Crossrail in 2018, passenger numbers are expected to increase to 225,000.
The scheme was designed for developer Great Portland Estates.
LDS bags planning for Hanover Square crossrail development
Make to replace 'elegant but bulky' Hanover Square block
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Basic Cable – (Includes local Digital, HD, and Music Channels)
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Carnival Corp. (CCL) - Get Report shares declined Thursday after the Miami cruise line cut its fiscal 2019 profit outlook due to factors including an increase in fuel prices.
Carnival shares dropped 8.6% to $43.95 Thursday.
The company expects the recent jump in fuel prices to cut profit by 8 cents a share.
Carnival also said weather-related disruptions, tensions in the Arabian Gulf and a ship-delivery delay are expected to cut 4 cents to 6 cents a share.
The fiscal year's adjusted earnings now should range $4.23 to $4.27 a share versus Carnival's previous guidance of $4.25 to $4.35. Analysts surveyed by FactSet were expecting $4.33 a share.
For the third quarter ended Aug. 31 the company reported adjusted earnings of $2.63 a share on revenue of $6.5 billion.
Analysts were expecting $2.53 a share on revenue of $6.16 billion.


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Last night I was waiting to get into a restaurant in the Little Saigon area of Westminster/Garden Grove and wandered into a Vietnamese supermarket. They had the best looking ribeye steaks I think I've ever seen for $2.99/lb. I was blown away.
Category Archives: Cooking tips
Color me tasty
You can apply these techniques to anything that benefits from caramelization. Now that you know those secrets, I'm going to leave you with two tips and one recipe.
The perfect loaf of bread (part 2)
The methods in these articles break away from the traditional bread making techniques that seem to fill nearly every cookbook published. It wasn't obvious to me first, but these recipes have two main things in common that really make them special. These two common items are the keys to good bread baking.
The perfect loaf of bread (part 1)
No matter what recipe I followed it always came out the same. I stopped making bread regularly because I thought I just wasn't good at it- that is, until I figured out the secret.
The perfect recipe
Common ingredients are probably must-haves, the unique ones could be optional.
Cook it until it's done (meat, poultry and fish)
I used to think I didn't like pork chops. It turns out I didn't like pork cooked until it was as dry and tough as shoe leather like my mom used to make them.


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Cheer someone up with one of our get well flowers or fruit and flowers basket. We have a wide selection get well arrangements that can be send to a hospital or home to let someone know you are thinking of them during their recovery.
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Heroes the film - Push trailer online
The trailer for Push has arrived online, what's that you might ask? Well it's easily described in three words, Heroes: The Movie.
That's maybe a bit unfair, but watch the trailer and that's all you can think of. People have abilities, single ones, and a government organisation is trying to track them down, contain them, and control them. Sounds like Heroes, but looks more exciting, more violent, and way more dramatic. After all it only has under two hours to get a series in there.
Push stars Dakota Fanning, Chris Evans, Camilla Belle, Djimon Hounsou, Maggie Siff, Cliff Curtis, Joel Gretsch and more names and faces you'll recognise from elsewhere.
It looks a strong cast and it's directed by Paul McGuigan who also directed Lucky Number Slevin (Filmstalker review) and Gangster No. 1, so expect style and substance for the most part, if it follows Slevin that is.
Saying that, it does absolutely reek of Heroes, and it's not even disguised any, and actually for that reason I think it will do well because it's tapping into the buzz that Heroes is getting. What's probably brilliant about the timing too is that Heroes is taking a little downturn at the moment as it isn't as smooth in the storyline progression and is turning around characters that we've come to love, and Push could give the Heroes fans what they're missing.
Before we hit the trailer which I found through Row Three, here's the write up from IMDB:
The action packed sci-fi thriller involves a group of young American ex-pats with telekinetic and clairvoyant abilities, hiding from a clandestine U.S. government agency. They must utilize their different talents and band together for a final job enabling them to escape the agency forever.
Hounsou plays the head of the government agency, and it looks like Evans and Fanning are leading the fight against them utilising the powers and knowledge of Belle - if they can turn her away from the agency. See what you think and tell us about it, Heroes or something more?


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Applying to purchase or refinance a mortgage is going to require you providing an ample supply of credit, cash and documentable income to support the loan that you are seeking. Contrary to … [Read More…]
The Biggest Self-Employed Borrower Traps When Getting A Mortgage
If there is one type of borrower in this credit market whose profile has been scrutinized the most by the financial markets, it's the sole proprietor business. Self-employed borrowers/sole proprietors used to … [Read More…]


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Two new British satellites have been successfully launched into low earth orbit to demonstrate the latest technology for monitoring both land and sea.
On board the same rocket, the NovaSAR-1 radar satellite and the S1-4 high-definition optical satellite, both developed and manufactured by a firm based in Surrey, blasted off from a space centre in India.
Backed by a £21m government investment, the NovaSAR-1 can take images day or night, even through thick clouds.
This means it can monitor illegal logging in high, cloud-covered tropical rainforests, such as the Amazon. It is also capable of tracking floods and oil spills at sea.
Perhaps best of all, its designers believe it could excel at monitoring shipping to help law enforcement agencies catch smugglers.
Luis Gomes, chief technology officer of Surrey Satellite Technology, which developed the satellites, told Sky News: "It takes advantage of the technology that is mandatory on large vessels to continuously broadcast their position, who they are and where they are going.
"And so what we do is we compare that information with the images that we get.
"So if you see a ship that is not broadcasting its signal, or some signal that corresponds to a ship that isn't there, then we can tell the local authorities and say to them, okay you should go and investigate."
The other satellite, S1-4, is so powerful it can spot objects the size of small card tables from 360 miles up in space. Both are just part of a long-running story of British success at the leading edge of satellite technology
Mr Gomes added: "UK space science is world-leading and with the support of the government and the support of companies and academic organisations, this is one of the world centres for satellite technology."


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Hang Tran, Kevin Yum, Jessica Taibl, David Hjelmstad, Samir I Sayegh; Axial length comparison between two ultrasound devices and a partial coherence interferometry device. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2014;55(13):5858. doi: https://doi.org/.
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© ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)
To compare axial length measurements of cataractous eyes between a classic A-scan ultrasound device (DGH 5100E) to two next generation devices, a newer A-scan ultrasound device (DGH 6000) and a partial coherence interferometry device (IOLMaster 500).
We performed a retrospective review of axial lengths of cataractous eyes prior to undergoing surgery. Two A-scan ultrasound devices and one partial coherence interferometry (PCI) device were used to measure axial lengths on the same patient with cataractous eye(s) on the same day. The non-contact method, PCI, was used first followed by the two contact methods, classic and newer A-scan ultrasound. Axial lengths for all three devices were recorded and analyzed using paired t-test. Mean, mean difference, standard deviation, and p-values for comparisons of PCI versus classic A-scan ultrasound, and newer A-scan ultrasound versus classic A-scan ultrasound were reported.
The axial lengths of 79 cataractous eyes (46 patients) were measured with the classic A-scan ultrasound and PCI. A subset of 14 eyes of 13 patients was measured for axial lengths using the newer A-scan ultrasound. The mean axial lengths were 24.14 mm (classic A-scan ultrasound), 24.29 mm (PCI), and 23.85 mm (newer A-scan ultrasound). There was statistical significance between PCI versus classic A-scan ultrasound (mean difference=0.15 mm, standard deviation=0.25 mm, p-value < 0.01). There was no statistical significance between newer A-scan ultrasound versus classic A-scan ultrasound (mean difference=0.09 mm, standard deviation=0.18 mm, p-value =0.07).
When comparing the classic A-scan ultrasound system, the PCI system provided longer axial length while the newer A-scan ultrasound provided shorter axial length. There was statistical significance between axial lengths provided by PCI and classic A-scan ultrasound. There was no statistical significance between the newer A-scan ultrasound and classic A-scan ultrasound.
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George Clooney and Jerry Weintraub pose at the UNICEF Ball held at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel on December 10, 2009 in Beverly Hills, California.
The UNICEF Ball brought together Hollywood's biggest stars for a fundraising gala to honor those individuals who have made key contributions to UNICEF's mission to save and improve children's lives worldwide. The special black-tie evening raised more money for the organization than any UNICEF Ball to date. Producer and long-time philanthropist Jerry Weintraub was honored as Man of the Year with UNICEF's Danny Kaye Humanitarian Award.
Picture copyright: Albert L. Ortega / PR Photos
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Just as style and price vary from tattoo shop to tattoo shop, so do their aftercare instructions.
Every artist has had different experiences and therefore, a different opinion on what is best for their clients.
However, all can agree that good aftercare is crucial for the outcome of a tattoo.
Each body is unique and reacts differently to the process of healing, creating further discrepancies in after care when combined with the fact that each artist uses different products. In general, however, artists can agree on the steps required: leave the bandage on for a certain amount of time, gently wash the tattoo, pat it dry thoroughly and moisturize with a special moisturizer like Hustle Butter Deluxe.
Though each step of the aftercare is important, the trickiest for tattoo artists to agree on is moisturizer. From when a client should start moisturizing to how many times a day a tattoo should be moisturized, you can get a different answer from every artist you visit.
Frustrating as this is, there is a reason for this. The discrepancy stems from the potential issues that could follow from over or under moisturizing.
The Problems:
If you under moisturize, the skin cracks and breaks, resulting in scabbing and peeling. The skin then becomes itchy, tempting you to scratch it or pull off the peeling skin, which could potentially mess up your tattoo. If you peel the skin and don't let it slough off naturally, you can pull ink out of your tattoo. Scratching can also achieve this.
Though it is normal for tattoos to scab and the skin to break and peel, there is some more extensive scabbing that can be extremely painful.
All the discomfort and risk can be avoided simply by moisturizing. However, over moisturizing can cause problems as well.
Over moisturizing can lead to clogged pores break outs in the skin that can ruin your tattoo. Over moisturizing can also cause oozing and discomfort. A tattoo is an open wound, and like any open wound drying out and minor scabbing is part of the healing process and should not lead you to over moisturize.
The Solution:
The key to moisturizing is balance. Put on a barely there layer of lotion or ointment after every time you wash your tattoo, and it should heal nicely and more comfortably.
In general, the first time you wash your tattoo will be right after you remove your bandage. Depending on what the artist used to bandage you (cling film or Dermalize), you will either remove the bandage after the first two to six hours, or after a day.
You should then very gently wash your tattoo with lukewarm water. Hot water will open your pores and risk some ink loss in your tattoo. Pat your tattoo dry, ideally with paper towels or an extremely sterile bath towel. Make sure the area is completely dry before applying any lotion.
There are a wide array of different lotions and ointments you can use to moisturize your tattoo. Your artist will likely recommend a specific lotion that they have found to be beneficial for most of their clients. If you don't feel like shelling out a lot of cash for a fancy tattoo specific lotion, it is important that you at least get a non-scented lotion.
If you are interested in buying lotions specifically meant for healing tattoos, there are many well-reviewed products. Many people have found Hustle Butter Deluxe to have great outcomes in a comfortable healing process. There is also Ora's Amazing Herbal Tattoo Salve and Tattoo Goo Aftercare Salve.
If you are interested more in ointments than lotions, A&D Ointment has been comforting people with new tattoos for some time now. However, if you choose to use ointments, you must be careful to not over use it.
Too much can smother the tattoo and draw ink out. However, it does create a seal to protect the tattoo from germs and bacteria that can infect and ruin it. It may be best to use ointment the first few days, and switch to lotion afterwards.
How often to moisturize:
Generally, a tattoo artist will tell you to wash your tattoo two to three times a day. You should moisturize after each washing. Though it may seem odd, timing when you wash and moisturize your tattoo can be very important.
You should generally wash your tattoo in the morning. Sleeping dehydrates your body, so when you wake up the tattooed skin can feel particularly uncomfortable, so moisturizing early can be beneficial.
It is also important to clean and moisturize before you go to sleep at night. This can help counteract morning dryness, and in general it is important that you go to bed with a clean tattoo.
You can also moisturize midday. Your tattoo may dry out from the morning and to keep you comfortable it can help to throw in an extra bout of moisturizing. However, you have to clean your tattoo again before adding any more moisturizer. A second layer of moisturizer can clog pores, trap in dirt, and cause infection.
You should continue this regime for at least two weeks or until your tattoo is fully healed.


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Artist/poet Diane Walker invites you to return to your compassionate and peaceful center
Friday, August 2, 2013
Another summer moment
She spent quite a bit of time enjoying the lower branches of the Golden Chain, then settled into the tall grasses for a post-prandial nap, glowing lightly in the soft cloud-filtered rays of the morning sun.
Nearby, as Rumi says,
"The ocean sits in the sand,
letting its lap fill with pearls and shells,
then empty."
Lovely: another peaceful summer moment.
Posted by Diane Walker at 8:51 AM
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Nothing as important as good lighting for a cosy atmosphere. No news here but now that the dark days before Christmas are here some inspiration must come in handy!
1. Ind Lights 2. Neon lights 3. Bohemian style by Paul Moseley 4. Plumen 5. Rope light 6. Vintage Marquee 7. Crane by Wade.se 8. White lights


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Free Beaumont Car Seat Safety Check at Detroit Zoo
October 12, 2018 @ 3:00 PM - 6:00 PM EDTfree
Beaumont will host a free car seat safety check at the Detroit Zoo on Friday, October 12. The event is part of Beaumont's sponsorship of the Detroit Zoo's annual Zoo Boo activities.
Certified Child Passenger Safety Instructors will inspect car seats in family vehicles. Each seat will be checked for proper installation and child harnessing. The team will be located at the Zoo's main entrance off Woodward Avenue, from 3 – 6 p.m. There is no charge for the inspection and participants do not have to purchase a ticket to the Zoo.