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Whenever the word 'Hacking' or 'Hacker' comes to our mind, the picture or the image which is created is that of an intelligent being who is criminal by nature, who attacks other computer systems, damages it, break codes and passwords, send viruses etc. Their mindset are as if the 'hackers' are the computer criminals. They have a very wrong notion in this regard and have a completely negative attitude and utter dislike for the 'Hackers'.
In this regard, the media has wrongly associated the computer criminals as 'Hackers'. The media has played a major role and has its hands behind this creation of negative connotation of the word 'hacker'. General public may spread rumors but it is hard to believe, someone speaking about completely new term, which is also a totally new concept to him.
But the fact is that the terms 'Hacker' and so called 'Computer Criminal' are absolutely two different terms and are not linked with each other in any respect. They speak what they read and listen from others. For this, whenever any cyber crime occurred, by unauthorized use of other computer systems, the news published and delivered in public was by the use of the term 'hacking'. So we can say that it is because of media why people have hatred or negative feeling for the 'hackers'.
Now if such cyber criminals are not hackers then two major question which arises are:
1. Who are Hackers? And,
2. What are such cyber criminals called?
Actually, 'Hackers' are very intelligent people who use their skill in a constructive and positive manner. They help the government to protect national documents of strategic importance, help organizations to protect documents and company secrets, and even sometimes help justice to meet its end by extracting out electronic evidence. Rather, these are people who help to keep computer criminals on the run.
Now dealing with the second part, i.e., what are such cyber criminals called? The actual word for such criminals is not 'hacker' but 'cracker'.
First I would like to explain the term 'Hacker', because there is a great misconception regarding it. Ankit Fadia, who is a great master mind of India in the field of 'Hacking', has said:
"Traditionally, hackers were computer geeks who knew almost everything about computers and were widely respected for their wide array of knowledge. But over the years, the reputation of hackers has been steadily going down. Today, they are feared by most people and are looked upon as icons representing the underground community of our population."
In the light of this general allusion of the term 'hacking', which is generally construed by people, The word 'hacker' can be used to describe all of these: -
1. Code Hackers - They know computers inside out. They can make the computer do nearly anything they want it to.
2. Crackers - They break into computer systems. Circumventing Operating Systems and their security is their favorite past time. It involves breaking the security on software applications.
3. Cyber Punks - They are the masters of cryptography.
4. Phreakers - They combine their in-depth knowledge of the Internet and the mass telecommunications system.
5. Virus Builders - Virus incidents have resulted in significant and data loss at some stage or the other. The loss could be on account of: -
* Viruses - A virus is a program that may or may not attach itself to a file and replicate itself. It can attack any area: from corrupting the data of the file that it invades, using the computer's processing resources in attempt to crash the machine and more.
* Worms - Worms may also invade a computer and steal its resources to replicate themselves. They use the network to spread themselves. "Love bug" is a recent example.
* Trojan horse - Trojan horse is dicey. It appears to do one thing but does something else. The system may accept it as one thing. Upon execution, it may release a virus, worm or logic bomb.
* Logic bomb - A logic bomb is an attack triggered by an event, like computer clock reaching a certain date. Chernobyl and Melissa viruses are the recent examples.
Hacking v/s Cracking
The term hacker is a term used by some to mean 'a clever programmer' and by others, especially journalists or their editors, to mean 'someone who tries to break into computer systems'. Programmers who use their skills to cause trouble, crash machines, release computer viruses, steal credit card numbers, make free long distance calls (the phone system is so much like a computer system that it is a common target for computer criminals), remove copy-protection, and distribute pirated software may also call themselves 'hackers', leading to more confusion. Hackers in the original sense of the term, however, look down on these sorts of activities. Hackers generally deplore cracking. Among the programming community, and to a large extent even amongst the illegal programming community, these people are called 'crackers' and their activities known as 'cracking' to distinguish it from hacking.
A cracker is generally someone who breaks into someone else's computer system, often on a network, bypasses passwords or licenses in computer programs or in other ways intentionally breaches computer security. A cracker can be doing this for profit, maliciously, for some altruistic purpose or cause, or because the challenge is there. Some breaking-and-entering has been done ostensibly to point out weaknesses in a site's security system.
Sending Viruses v/s Hacking
Even though hacking is not at all an offense but if construed in a manner which is generally used by he public the question comes up is that whether sending viruses can be termed as hacking.
The term cracking means, 'illegal access'. Now, 'access' comprises the entering of the whole or any part of a computer system (hardware, components, stored data of the system installed, directories, traffic and content-related data). However, it does not include the mere sending of an e-mail message or file to that system. 'Access' includes the entering of another computer system, where it is connected via public telecommunication networks or to a computer system on the same network, such as a LAN (local area network) or Intranet within an organization. The method of communication (e.g. from a distance, including via wireless links or at a close range) does not matter. So if a virus is send through an e-mail, it is not an illegal 'access' and hence cannot be termed as 'cracking'.
Cyber Hacking (or rather Cyber Cracking in verity), is one of the Cyber Crimes and Cyber Crime is a universal term that allude to all criminal activities done using the medium of computers, internet, cyber space and the world wide web (www). In India, the law regulating such crimes is the Information Technology Act, 2000 (or the IT Act, 2000). If studied in detail, we will find that there are still many areas in the said Act, which need Amendments. Like, it does not even define the term 'Cyber Crime' and the crimes mentioned in Chap. XI named 'offenses' have been declared penal offenses punishable by imprisonment or fine. Then Sec.66 defines hacking, but it went on defining what is in reality 'cracking'. The definition of hacking provided in Sec.66 of the Act is also very wide and capable of misapplication. There is every possibility of this section being misapplied.
So in light of Sec.66 of the Act read along with this project topic I will now use the words 'Hacking' and 'Cracking' interchangeably as per the demand of the chapter.
Crackers are becoming a peril so uncontrollable that even the largest companies in the world are finding it difficult to cope up with their perpetual attacks. Some crackers just crack systems and gain access to them, for 'fun'. Their intention is not to commit any crime. Now, it is a question of debate whether such act in itself constitutes an offence or not. They may not be brought within the ambit of existing laws because the IT Act uses the word 'destroys or deletes or alters any information' and in this case they just gain access to the system and nothing else. The act of such a cracker can perhaps, most appropriately, be considered in the light of laws relating to criminal trespass.
Trespass to Property
In common language the word 'trespass', means to go on another's property without permission or right. Though it is ordinarily a civil wrong, if trespass is done with criminal intention, it is treated as criminal trespass. The ingredients of the offense of criminal trespass have been laid down under sec.441 of the Indian Penal Code. The object of making trespass a criminal offense is to keep the trespasser away from the premises of individuals so the one may enjoy his/her property uninterrupted by any intruder.
In applying the section to hacking on the Internet, the question which arises is "whether websites are property". Many of the words used to describe websites have a basis in real property: the word 'site' itself is one, as are such expressions as 'home' pages, 'visiting' Websites, 'traveling' to a site and the like. This usage suggests that the trespass action might appropriately be applied to websites as well. That analogies to real property trespass can be made does not suggest, however, that they should be made. The fundamental issue is whether the treatment of websites as property makes sense in light of the justifications for the institution of property generally.
Thus, as trespass actions are stranded in the idea of protecting an owner's control over his property and as even the websites should be considered as a species of property, there is no reason for not allowing a cause of action for 'trespass to websites'.
Mens Rea
The next question that is of importance arises when a cracker has no intention to commit any further crimes. The question is 'whether such cracking is enough to constitute threats or annoyance? Under Indian law it has been clearly laid down in Smt. Mathri v. State of Punjab that for establishing the offense of criminal trespass it is not enough to merely show that the person entering upon the property of another had knowledge that his act would cause annoyance. The rule that a person must be presumed to intend the natural consequences of his act is not a binding rule, if any other intention can be shown. This interpretation may be problematic while dealing with crimes on the Internet.
There is no doubt as far as liability is concerned when a Cracker is caught. Now this liability can be of two types.
1. Civil Liability
2. Penal Liability
As like in the case of trespass, when just cracking is there by the cracker, it is of a civil nature but once the intention to cause harm or rather damage the system is proved, the liability becomes that of a penal nature.
Now it is not just criminal trespass, which can be done by cracking but cracking may also result in many other crimes which are mentioned in the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Like, if a cracker cracks an e-banking website and transfers money into his own account, this may constitute a crime under Sec.378 of the Penal Code, which in this case may also be termed as Cyber Theft. This kind of act is completely of a penal liability.
In R. v. Gold prestel systems provided it subscribers free e-mail facilities and access to its database. The accused - Gold and Schifreen cracked into its computer and were charged in England under the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act, 1981. They were convicted but the Court of Appeal and the House of Lords as well acquitted them as an instrument was necessary to commit the offence under the said Act, which had to be similar to other examples in the statutory definitions, which were physical objects.
For this, then the Law Commission in England recommended that cracking be made penal and proposed: -
* A broad offense that seeks to deter the general practice of hacking by imposing penalties of a moderate nature on all types of unauthorized access; and
* A narrower but more serious offense imposes much heavier penalties.
Similar considerations apply in our country also. The IT Act tries to achieve this by providing civil and penal consequences for cracking and other wrongful activities. The case concerning Sec.66 of the IT Act, 2000, in India was first lodged in Lucknow in February, 2001.
Interestingly, the victim of the first cyber crime was none other than a police employee. The FIR was lodged by junior engineer, police range, V K Chauhan, whose password for Internet access was hacked and 100 hours of connectivity time exhausted even before he could use it once. The case was registered under Sec.66 of the IT Act.
Interest in Hacking
The effectiveness of a judicial system is anchored by regulations which define every aspect of a system's functioning and primarily, its jurisdiction. A court must have jurisdiction, venue, and appropriate service of process in order to hear a case and deliver an effective judgment. Jurisdiction is the power of a court to hear and determine a case. Without jurisdiction, a court's judgment is futile and impotent. Such jurisdiction is essentially of two types, namely subject matter jurisdiction and personal jurisdiction , and these two must be conjunctively satisfied for a judgment to take effect. It is the presence of jurisdiction that ensures the power of enforcement to a court and in the absence of such power, the decree of a court, is, to say the least, which is of little or of no use. Moreover, only generally accepted principles of jurisdiction would ensures that courts abroad also enforce the orders of other judicial bodies.
The Cyber Crimes like cracking can be seen as multi-jurisdictional because of the ease which a user can access the website from anywhere in the world. It can even be viewed as 'a jurisdictional' in the sense that from the users' perspective as state and national borders are essentially transparent.
The Indian jurisprudence with regard to jurisdiction over the hacking is almost non-existent. In the first place, there has been very few cases or rather only one case regarding hacking, to the best of my knowledge, in India and then secondly, it is an emerging field and that too where the place of action for the dispute is very difficult to decide. But an interesting feature of the IT Act is that it is applicable to offenses and contraventions committed by any person not just in India but also outside India, as per sec.1(2) . This principle has been elaborated in sec.75 of the Act which provides that Indian Courts will have jurisdiction over acts committed outside India as well as over foreigners committing such acts, if the act amounts to an offence or contravention involving a computer, computer system or computer network located in India. Thus the determining factor is the location of computer, computer system or computer network that is involved in an act or transaction.
In India, the court would assume jurisdiction over a defendant, if even a part of the cause of action for the dispute arose within its jurisdiction. Now these may appear to be distinct and disparate points of view but when you get down to examining the essential ingredients that must be fulfilled in order to satisfy the requirements of these principles, there are several similarities between them which may allow the Indian Courts to assume jurisdiction.
First of all, to conclude I would like to state that there are lots and lots of fallacies regarding the term hacking. Even though people are not aware about it today but by the study of various samples and researches made, I have found that it is very rapidly expanding its scope and day by day more and more people are interested in it.
Again it has two aspects. It can help the society to a great extent but it may also prove to be otherwise. In such cases punishments must be proportionate and serve as a sufficient deterrent. As computer data often contain personal information a cracker can also infringe one's right to privacy guaranteed by Art.21 of the Constitution of India.
Cracking can also be taken as an offense under Indian Penal Code. For this there are two types of liabilities, i.e., 'civil' and 'penal'.
Then for deciding the applicability of jurisdiction of a case, the court faces a lot of problem, due to its insensitiveness to local constraints. So, even when inventions and discoveries had widened the scientific horizons, it has also posed new challenges for the legal world. This Information Technology has posed new problems in jurisprudence to which it is very difficult to give a concrete shape.


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I'm quite picky with my pubs and bars. I have maps of Toronto that shows me places that actually have good whisky. Otherwise I have water. It's very annoying to choose between either Johnnie Walker Red for 7$, Glenfiddich 12 for 10$, or Glenlivet 12 for 10$.
So when we ended up in a new bar in a different city this past weekend, I was ready for disappointment… Until I noticed that they had Caol Ila Distiller's Edition on the shelf. Throwing caution to the wind (expecting a higher price than usual), I decided it was a good time to try out this dram.
Price: $99.95 (CAN)
Abv: 43%
Region: Islay
Year: 2011
Colour: Light pee
Nose: Chocolate, peat, Thai sweet Chili, spicy beef, vanilla, salt air, baked pastry
I just realized something: The flavours in this one is like if I tried to make a Steak & Ale pie…
View original post 190 more words

subset: commoncrawl


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Voice Search SEO isn't something marketers just made up to get you to spend more money on your digital marketing.
Quite the contrary, voice search SEO is real and is something that you should be incorporating into your website content.
Voice Search SEO Has Changed Search
Before mobile took the world by storm, people would type in the same query for a desktop and a mobile search. However, what Google and searchers began to realize was that saying something into a microphone was different than what was typed into a PC or mobile device keypad. Voice Search SEO must be incorporated in your digital marketing strategy or you will lose sales.
In 2015, sixty percent of people who used Smart phones used a voice search. Today as many as thirty percent of users are using voice to search for products and services.
What is Voice Search?
When you pick up your phone and ask Google, "What day does Christmas fall on in 2018?" Google and other IA devices will find what you are looking for instead of you having to manually type in your search on your PC or mobile device.
It's All About Semantics
Google factors in more than just keywords and looks at previous patterns or search to deliver the results. This is based on what the search engine believes that the user is looking for. Called semantic search, the function helps users find the products and services that they are looking for.
Cater Your Content To Your Customers
Optimized content for voice search is different to SEO for a manual search. The days of keyword stuffing and content that doesn't make sense is over. Knoxweb will help you learn how to write unique and quality content for the user, not the search engine.
Ask your customer service department and your sales team what questions consumers ask most. Incorporate those questions into your content to boost your voice search SEO. Use normal language. Think about what questions your clients are asking, and use those keywords in your text.
Mobile First or You Will Lose your Rank
Google has given people fair warning about mobilegeddon. Back in 2015 when the new algorithm was finished and started punishing businesses that didn't have a mobile website. If your site is slow to load, looks bad on a mobile device or is hard to navigate, people will seek out the competition.
Being mobile friendly is even more important now that voice search is taking over. More than half of the population use voice search behind the wheel.
Voice Search SEO is changing Search
Changing SEO for the better, voice search is easier to use and helps Google find what you are searching for. Even fast typers still type slower than they speak. According to Knoxweb, people speak around 150 words in the same about of time that it would take to type 40.
Everyone is invested in voice search SEO. Ask Knoxweb how you can incorporate voice search into your digital marketing campaign. Voice search isn't going anywhere. Just look at Siri and other home devices that are all over the country and you will realize that voice search SEO is imperative for your overall online marketing campaign.
If you would like more information regarding voice search SEO, website design or development, SMO or any other type of digital marketing, call or click and schedule an appointment with Knoxweb today.


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Event box
Rube Goldberg Camp @ MFL
Rube Goldberg Camp @ MFL
For kids entering grades 3-6 (ages 8-12)
July 17th-19th; 3:30-5pm
Registration begins Wednesday, May 15th @ Noon!
Over 3 days kids will learn about Rube Goldberg machines & chain reactions and build their own! Hopefully, by the end of the final day we will put all of ours together to make a giant Rube Goldberg machine and show our families what we worked on.
Registration is required as space & supplies are limited. You MUST commit to attend all 3 days.
- Dates & Times:
- 3:30pm - 5:00pm, Wednesday, July 17, 2019
3:30pm - 5:00pm, Thursday, July 18, 2019
3:30pm - 5:00pm, Friday, July 19, 2019
- Library:
- Middletown Free Library
- Location:
- Community Room
- Categories:
Registration has closed. (This event has to be booked as part of a series)
Middletown Free Library
Library Hours:
Monday - Thursday 10am - 8pm
Fridays 10am - 5pm
Saturdays 11am - 4pm
Sundays 1pm - 4pm
Library Contact:


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How do you change the icon on a web shortcut in windows?
If you wish to change the icon on web shortcuts on your desktop in windows you need to do the following.
1) Right click on the Weblink
2)Left click on properties
3)You you should now see the "Web Document" window and at the bottom of that you should see the "Change Icon" button left click on it.
4)Left click the browse button and navigate to that location where your own icon pictures are stored and left click the open button
5)This will display your icons double left click on the one you want and then finally left click "ok" to confirm
Make your own Icons for your web applications and folders
Are you board with just looking at row's of yellow folders or web applications which just have a white page with the little blue E or firefox logo on your desktop?
Then you could create your own icons to jazz up those boring folders and web apps instead using this freeware software called ToYcon
1 ) Download the zip file
2) Extract it using win zip or other unzipping software
3) Once extracted you should see a folder called ToYcon
4) In that folder should be the a little .exe file called ToYcon
5) Double left click to strat it and you should get a icon on your desktop
6) Drag the image you want as a icon into the ToYcon icon and this shuld create a nice icon
This can then be used instead of just that little yellow folder or web page icon.
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Gunman kill 50, injured 200 in Las Vegas
More than 50 people were killed in the worst mass shooting in modern American history when a "lone wolf" gunman opened fire into an outdoor country music festival from the 32nd floor of Las Vegas' Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino on Sunday night, police said.
More than 200 people were injured in the mass shooting as performer Jason Aldean was on the stage, Sheriff Joseph Lombardo said at a news conference.
The gunman was identified by law enforcement officials as 64-year-old Stephen Paddock, a resident of Mesquite, Nevada.
Police responded to reports of the shooting just after 10 p.m. (1 a.m. ET), and the suspect was fatally shot in the Mandalay Bay Resort, officials said.
Authorities found several weapons in Paddock's hotel room, law enforcement officials reported. It was not immediately clear what kinds of weapons were located.
Meghan Kearney described the chaotic scene as shots started ringing out.
"We heard what sounded like firecrackers going off. Then all of a sudden we heard what sounded like a machine gun. People started screaming that they were hit… When we started running out there were probably a couple hundred [people] on the ground," she told MSNBC.
"People kept dropping and dropping… People were getting shot one foot away from us," she said. "People were trying to save their friends. There were gunshots everywhere. Helping them would've meant that we got shot too."
"We believe there's a couple off-duty officers that were attending the concert that may have died," Lombardo said.
Officials were searching for the suspect's companion, Marilou Danley, a 62-year-old Asian female, said Lombardo.
Police also asked for the public's assistance in finding two vehicles: a Hyundai Tuscon with the Nevada license plant number 114B40; and a Chrysler Pacifica Touring with the Nevada number 79D401.
Earlier, police shut down the area and urged the public to stay away. Flights in and out of the airport were temporarily halted.
Aldean, who was named the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year in April 2017, was on stage performing on the final night of the three-day Route 91 Harvest festival at the Las Vegas Village when the first shots rang out.
Shortly after, police said they were investigating reports of an "active shooter near/around Mandalay Bay Casino." The hotel is across the street from the festival grounds.
Aldean later said via Instagram that he and his band were safe.
Jon Bessette said he was attending the festival when he heard gunshots.
"The band ran off stage and it was pandemonium," said Bessette. "Everyone was running, people were getting trampled."
Several artists performing at the music festival also reported hearing gunshots.
Mandalay Bay tweeted out a statement that said, "Our thoughts & prayers are with the victims of last night's tragic events. We're grateful for the immediate actions of our first responders."
This is a developing story. Please check back for updates.
Richie Duchon and Andrew Blankstein reported from Los Angeles. F. Brinley Bruton, Rachel Elbaum and Yuliya Talmazan reported from London. Pete Williams reported from Washington
Source – NBC News


text:
Era: 1970s
Material: wooden
Measures: 15″ x 11″ x .75″
Colors: Stained wood with parchment The Truck Driver
He's a Big guy, He's a small guy. He comes in all sizes and shapes…Short, tall, skinny, and fat…Laughing serious, happy and sad…He's America on wheels…He's big business with a road map in his pocket…etc etc
Condition: very good vintage shape – rawhide loop on top for ease with hanging, some bubbles in the parchmnet, some scuffs on the wood
Super sweet!
Ships same day to US via USPS 2-3 day Priority with Tracking Number. International ships via USPS Priority International.
Thanks for checking it out!


text:
Your Massachusetts Birth Injury Attorneys
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In Addition to Personal Injury Cases, Our Boston, MA Birth Injury Law Office Can Assist You In a Variety of Other Areas of Massachusetts Law. Our Massachusetts Law Firm Can Be Reached 24/7 at 617-787-3700 or Email Our Boston Lawyers at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Every state in the United States, including Massachusetts, has a Statute of Limitations that restricts the time that you or your loved one has to make a claim for birth injuries arising out of medical negligence. The Massachusetts Statute of Limitations for medical malpractice birth injury claims sets forth how much time you have to bring a Massachusetts lawsuit, settle or otherwise resolve your Massachusetts medical malpractice claim arising out of birth injuries. If too much time has passed, you or your loved one will be unable to pursue your Massachusetts birth injury claim and will be barred from ever recovering money damages for any injuries associated with your Massachusetts personal injury claim. So you should not hesitate! Call our Boston, MA medical malpractice law office today at
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text:
If you manage to read any article about the insurance sector and its worldwide penetration, you will find out that India remains to be one of the few very populous markets where the insurance industry has failed to make its mark very significantly. Whether we are talking about traditional life or health insurance models, coverage across insurance sectors is very low in India. While a mere 8-10% of the rural population has any form of life insurance coverage in India, less than 20% has any form of health insurance coverage. Similarly, if we talk about property insurance we discover that around 95% of Indian housing societies do not have any form of insurance cover.
When we explore the causes behind this low rate of coverage across the country, two sets of reasons primarily come to surface: the internal challenges faced by the insurance industry, as well as the external challenges of awareness and financial lucrativeness in the eyes of the consumer. Understanding these are the key to overcoming this gap in insurance provision in the country and ensuring that the Indian insurance industry is able to overcome these roadblocks to enter a new phase of growth.
Low awareness
Overall there are very low levels of awareness in India about insurance products, and thereby, even when people opt for insurance policies, they aim to pay the least premium which not only doesn't provide them with adequate coverage, but is highly ineffective in providing security, thereby, defeating the major purpose of having the policy in the first place. Furthermore, when we talk about the economic diversification of channels available to spread awareness about the importance of insurance products, we come across another major roadblock: people in rural areas are even less aware of financial security through insurance products. Around 700 million of Indians live in rural areas, and around two-thirds of the workforce engaged in agricultural and allied activities, indicating the rural nature of India's economy. Even when economically backward populations are aware of such policies, they do not have the distributional or cash flow means as their incomes tend of be tied to the seasons to opt for policies that would provide them with adequate coverage.
Value-utility dilemma for customers
Understanding Indian household savings patterns are key to understanding why India's insurance coverage ratio is so low. Despite the fact that India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, and its GDP per capita is expected to reach $3274 in 2021 from $2135 in 2018, in terms of GDP, and the proportion of financial assets, the economy of the country tells a very different story. Since March 2010, in terms of GDP the proportion of financial assets have been constantly falling. From total household savings, the most significant were life insurance premiums which have fallen from 26% in 2010 to around 19% in 2015. In addition to this, as highlighted in a report by consulting firm Pricewaterhousecoopers, India has a low sum assured as a percentage of GDP, which reflects an overall preference for savings rather than protection.
Figure: Sum assured as a percentage of GDP for India and similar economies
Internal roadblocks in the insurance sector
Given the vast geographic and economic variations of India it is no surprise that the failure of the insurance sector to cater to these differing markets has been one of the key reasons for the low coverage rates prevalent across the country. Distributional challenges, such as last time access, lack of sustainable products, transactional inconvenience have been some of the key internal challenges plaguing insurers in the country and are also responsible for the low rates of coverage.
In order to create accessible models and products for the rural and economically backward population of India, insurance companies have to adapt technologically savvy solutions and models. Furthermore, with the economic reforms brought forward by the Jan Dhan accounts, Unified Payment Interface (UPI) and Aadhaar integration, these models will be quickly adapted in the digital landscape of the growing rural economy, guaranteeing a whole new market for insurers.
Figure: GDP Per Capita at Current Prices* (US$)
A report produced by the Boston Consulting Group entitled "The changing face of Indian insurance," highlights that recently unveiled insurance schemes such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) has driven crop insurance coverage by 6% and the Rail Insurance Scheme introduced in September 2016 has already covered more than 9 crore passengers. There would be multiple reasons why each of these schemes has succeeded: the involvement of stakeholders including specialists, the forward-looking policy framework, as well as the use of technology as an enabler to reach a large base. The key point is to learn from the individual models and implement the relevant learning in specific areas to expand general insurance coverage.
There has been a growing interest in insurance due to innovative product offerings through distribution channels designed specifically for the Indian market. Despite being one of the most populated countries in the world, India currently only accounts for 1.5% of the world's total insurance premiums, making it a huge unexploited market.
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Those of you who follow news of physical security hardware development and are fans of interesting and unique locks are possibly already familiar with the "Forever Lock" product. Popularized by an ex-pat living in Taiwan, where they are manufactured, LockMan28 has been selling these to interested parties via the internet and they tend to pop up from time to time among the locksport and lock collector community.
The most popular model is a bicycle / motorcycle U-Lock design, featuring a long rubber-coated shackle and a thick cylindrical lock body. The lock mechanism itself is rather unique. The keys appear to be rather conventional pin-tumbler keys sporting bitting cuts on both their thin edge as well as "dimple" style cuts on their broad side…
But the element that makes these keys (and their operation) rather interesting is the fact that the user does not insert them into a conventional, exposed keyhole. Rather, the Forever Lock key is installed into a "drawer" mechanism which then delivers the key to the keyway out of the user's view.
Schuyler Towne will correct me if I'm misapplying the term, but this appears to be a modern example of an older concept known as a "traveling key" design… once popular on safe locks in prior centuries.
This means that a user of the Forever Lock can operate it, open it, and interact with it… without ever actually seeing the lock mechanism directly.
NOTE – The Forever Lock company also appears to produce cable-style locks and also designs geared toward installation in conventional doors, as well…
Well, given that this vendor is advertising a product geared towards an audience who ostensibly wants "top security" and "pick proof" design, the Forever Lock has attracted some degree of attention in the world of competitive lock picking.
The noted sportpicker, author, researcher, and security expert from Germany, Oliver Diederichsen, was among the first to discover a valid attack vector for these locks, posting a video of him having successfully fashioned a bump key (which would be operated remotely via the traveling key drawer). That story was picked up on bike enthusiast sites and forums.
The YouTube-famous locksmith and lockpicker Bosnian Bill gave a glowing review of the Forever Lock and also attempted Ollie's bumping technique but was unsuccessful.
I thought about whether there would be another, perhaps easier and less jarring, means of attacking this lock, however. I used a foil impressioning attack, which is something that is often very effective against dimple style mechanisms.
The foil impressioning attack proved highly effective against the Forever Lock, once I discovered the need to modify one's key slightly in order to account for the very tight keyway. Simply deep-drilling in all positions and then covering the attack key with foil was a recipe for trouble (see the "Behind the Scenes" video and summary below) but if you shave down the attack key on all sides slightly, this will give enough extra room in the keyway for the foil covering to still fit.
So it turns out, while the lock mechanism is very shielded from view on the Forever Lock and although there is little to no real "access" to the keyway from the outside, the lock mechanism itself does not appear to be very robust. I have yet to fully cut apart and disassemble one of these cylinders, but I'm willing to bet that no pick-resistant or impression-resistant pins are used. The foil key attack worked rather smoothly.
Indeed, in this next video you can see a problem that I identified with regard to the pins and apparent lack of great variation between cuts and differs.
… as you can see in that video, one of the very first attack keys which I created for the foil impressioning attempt managed to actually operate BOTH of the forever locks which I owned. They are not keyed alike, but there is simply such a lack of variation between bitting depths that in-between cuts (or extra deep cuts) will cause the lock to function and the plug to turn with enough jiggling and wiggling. That's no good.
This attack was not difficult to execute once I discovered that the lock was vulnerable, but the actual research process was slightly messy and I lost use of one lock in the process. If you're interested in seeing the gritty side of how much lock research happens, feel free to view this last clip…
… in it, you'll see the very first attempt go awry since my foil-covered key had not yet been modified to slip more easily into the tight keyway. Things jammed up, and eventually the key snapped apart, requiring the NextFab staff and I to attempt cutting the lock open. To their credit, as you'll see, the Forever Lock is actually made of rather robust steel. The band saws in the shop were able to cut through things somewhat, but eventually loose pieces inside (like the tailpiece nub) caused the blade to jump off its bearings and I finished the "disassembly" job using a pneumatic cut-off wheel.
Ultimately, the Forever Lock is a unique and interesting design. While I find the actual mechanism intolerable and frustrating from an ease-of-use perspective, the notion of hiding one's keyway from potential attackers is not without merit. Personally, I feel that something akin to a Geminy Shield is a better means of approaching that style of protection (but of course that is not feasible on padlocks, only door locks) but the "traveling key" and "hidden keway" ideas are neat.
Of course, it appears that much more effort and resource could have been invested in the actual design and implementation of the lock mechanism itself. Use of pick-resistant and impression-resistant pins would have been a good idea and most likely could have frustrated this attack a great deal. Increasing the number of differs, too, between cut positions would also have been a benefit. Frankly, as "cool" as dimple locks are in some people's eyes, I feel that a conventional vertical-blade key would be just as good if not better in this kind of a system for reasons of key space size.
When showing this attack to the noted sport picker and Lockpicking101.com moderator Squelchtone, he summarized his similar thoughts on the matter by remarking that:
They could easily make it much more secure by implementing a disc detainer mechanism, even a basic one such as found in Master Lock trailer hitch locks, I think they have 3 discs at the most. (but then you run into the issue where there is a finite amount of try out keys such as the S&G environmental padlocks have) but a disc detainer mechanism would make bumping and foil impressioning impossible, but other methods may eventually be found to impression the lock just like old Abloy classics could be impressioned using a half moon copper pipe, or at least that what Steve Hampton's book eludes to.
And the aforementioned Schyler Towne offered similar remarks, as well:
The fact that they invested in quality materials and adopted a fairly novel delivery mechanism, and then completely phoned in the quality of the cylinder itself, is a great reminder that we always have to think about security in layers.
Ultimately, a hidden keyway and traveling key are always going to be thought of by some people as a form of security by obscurity… and I can see some merit in that manner of argument. Once an attacker purchases, disassembles, and examines a target lock, they can often develop a working attack using their own sample lock hardware as a basis.
In this case, all it took was me purchasing a couple of Forever Locks (cost: $279.98) and I was able to execute this attack within 20 minutes of opening the boxes.
NOTE – Thanks to NextFab in Philadelphia, whose terrific facility and tools made this process go a lot more smoothly. While I could always just tinker with things like this by hand in our office, having the full suite of gear and staff available to us at the fabrication studio is wonderful.
Thanks as well go out to Barry Wels and Mike Glasser, who presented on the topic of lockpicking at a 2600 HOPE conference in New York many, many years ago. It was during this presentation that I first witnessed an aluminum foil tape attack in person, and the lesson stuck with me!
Deviant Ollam is the Director of Education for and a co-owner of The CORE Group. Additionally, Deviant is also a member of the Board of Directors of the US division of TOOOL, The Open Organisation Of Lockpickers. Every year at DEFCON and ShmooCon Deviant runs the Lockpick Village, and he has conducted physical security training sessions for Black Hat, SANS, DeepSec, ToorCon, HackCon, ShakaCon, HackInTheBox, ekoparty, AusCERT, GovCERT, CONFidence, the FBI, the NSA, DARPA, the National Defense University, the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, and the United States Military Academy at West Point. His nickname is often mispronounced ("Ollam" is a Celtic name and sounds almost exactly like "Olaf" when spoken aloud) but he doesn't mind as long as he's being greeted with a hug and a smile.


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A new 0.9 version of CP2JavaWS is available :
– slight changes to the master/detail view, that is now fully compatible with the new CPTableView (that has been merged in the master branch). Compatibility with the older 0.71 version remains.
– now automatically adds an image background for the tableView columns's headers when creating a master/detail view.
– added support for sorting to the tableView (the logic was still available in the CPTableViewDelegate and remote generic DAO service, however the new CPTableView does not yet implement sortDescriptors creation and change notification) : a CP2JavaWS category has been added to CPTableHeaderView, in order to manage mouse click in the the header view, and then set the current sort descriptor and send the sortDescriptorsDidChange notification to the tableView's delegate.
Note : the header background does not reflect yet the sort order (no arrow).
The online demo has been updated.


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ny yping I do on this cpue adisiswhat I gt.
Translated as:
Any typing I do on this computer and this is what I get.
This second sentence took me a long time to write as well as this.
I do not understand what could be the reason. I have put new batteries in keyboard.
Please help me.
Thank you.
Since you have trouble responding, I'll suggest the following:
If it's a laptop, try a separate keyboard (USB) and see if the problem persists. If not, then you likely need to return/repair the laptop/keyboard. If it's a desktop then simply replace the keyboard
If it does persist, then you may have some type of malware/infection causing the problem (whether laptop or desktop):
Older versions of Windows used to have an On-Screen Keyboard option and there's apparently one in Win10. You might be able to use this if the keyboard is defective (until you get a new one):
"Channeling the spirit of jboy..."
"batteries in keyboard" means a wireless keyboard.
Try plugging in a USB wired keyboard. If this works then you know that the keyboard is bad or the USB dongle is bad (or other bluetooth device). Basic USB wired keyboards are very cheap if you do not have one, just purchase one. If you are OK with using a wired instead of a wireless one then purchase one that is a little bit better and one to your liking.
You have to be a little bit crazy to keep you from going insane.
Sounds like a keyboard layout issue: https://www.windowscentral.com/how-...
Thank you for all the help.
I believe that the problem is solved.
I firmly pushed in the dongle at the back of the computer and all seems to be working again.
Thanks for letting us know, this may actually help other people as well.
You have to be a little bit crazy to keep you from going insane.


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Former minister Gilad Sa'ar hinted Thursday he has no plans to return to Likud in the near future and certainly will not attempt to supplant Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu as leader of the party.
Sa'ar was asked by Channel 2 journalist Amit Segal on Twitter if "assuming Netanyahu succeeds in holding primaries within the next five minutes as he plans, are you going to run in any case?"
After days of speculation, the Prime Minister made his first official bid to advance Likud primaries on Wednesday, in a move many estimate is an attempt to prevent Sa'ar from vying for the chairmanship.
Sa'ar, who last year unexpectedly announced he was leaving politics, continues to enjoy popularity among members of the Likud. In fact, a recent poll indicated that Sa'ar is the only politician in Israel who could really pose a threat to Netanyahu's leadership.
Responding to Segal's tweet, Sa'ar offered an implicit critique of the Likud's current chairman, i.e. Netanyahu.
"The answer lies in the question," he declared. "I don't tend to act in a puppet theater. I wish Netanyahu success in his candidacy, as well as to the other players in the performance."
The tweets follow a rather interesting statement made Thursday morning by Finance Minister and Kulanu chairman Moshe Kahlon, himself a former Likud minister.
In an interview with Rina Mazliah on Non-Stop Radio, Kahlon announced, "I am in close contact with Gideon Sa'ar. I would be delighted if we could run together in the next Knesset elections."


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Henna tattoos – Anahita Irani, a Henna tattoo artist specialising in Arabic and Indian designs, will be visiting the Cockburn Libraries on Saturday 24th October. Get your free henna tattoo from 9 – 11.30am @ Spearwood Library and 12.30-3pm @ Success Library , but please be prepared to wait your turn as each tattoo can take up to 5 minutes.
A special Living Libraries – Conversations with living books event will also take place on Saturday 24th October @ Spearwood Library. You are invited to come along and chat to our living books over a cup of tea/coffee & a piece of cake. Find out about their interesting lives in this novel forum where conversation is key to discovering the essence of your community. Check session times and register for a session on the library event calendar.
The living books that are available "to borrow" are:
Coral Petkovich, author of Ivan: from Adriatic to Pacific. Coral is an interpreter and translator of Croatian and formerly worked at Spearwood Library. She began writing her book many years ago when her children were small. In the evening after dinner she would ask her husband, Ivan, for details of his life, especially his early childhood. She has had several stories published and another was highly commended in a competition.
Don Watson, the son of Fay Howe, the subject of Dianne Wolfer's book Lighthouse Girl. Find out about his mother's incredible life as the daughter of a lighthouse keeper on Breaksea Island, off Albany. How did she become the last human contact many Australian soldiers had with Australia during World War I?
Latest News for Adults
Keep up to date with the latest Reviews, Local History Info, Event Videos & Podcasts and more!


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A chocolate 3D printer is seen at a shop on a street in Harbin, Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province. (Photo/Screenshot on CNSTV)
(ECNS) -- A chocolate 3D printer that delivers a new level of personalization for the sweet treat is captivating shoppers on a street in Harbin, Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province.
A self-service vending machine is wowing chocoholics with the option to make their own chocolates in different styles, while also allowing customized words and patterns.
The process is simple. Customers scan the QR code on the machine with their WeChat app and decide their design, whether in the shape of a piglet, a Pokémon or an octopus. After paying, they place a white tray in the machine to retrieve their own individualized chocolate.
It is reported that the machine will eventually include a variety of ingredients for different printable foods, providing more choices for customers to make their personal favorites.
Wang Jingjing, a local resident, said the chocolate doesn't taste different from other options on the market. However, it's lots of fun to create a personalized design, which also makes it a good gift choice for friends and family.


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Thank you, Sandra, Courtney & Jennifer! My family and I had such an amazing evening celebrating our Mom's/Judy's birthday and you all went above and beyond to accommodate. We really appreciate all that you did to make it a special evening and will always speak highly of your incredible service and wonderful restaurant. Thank you, again, for everything!
Email Testimonial, November 2019
Sandra,It was great to meet you in person after corresponding by email and phone. I felt that all my expectations were met and then some! All of my concerns were handled in a professional manner and I never felt I was being a bother or asking too much. The personal touch of putting Happy Birthday Wanda in lights outside really sealed my loyalty. All the guests remarked on the how they liked the venue as well as the delicious appetizers and entrees.
Kortney was amazing! She went out of her way to accommodate us in a timely, respectful, and friendly manner. My entire family felt so comfortable with her. She definitely was an asset to the success of the party.
Great Food, Great Service
The Friday fish fry was one of the best we've had. The fish was prepared perfectly, the clam chowder was delicious and the potato pancakes weren't too dense. Our friends had other seafood entrees and were as pleased as we were. We're looking forward to a return visit when we can experience the scenic patio.
It was a wonderful experience waitress was very friendly and treated us like we were her only table food was fantastic, reasonably priced and it was a relaxing atmosphere, we ate downstairs.
My wife and I ate at Sandra's on the Park in August for our 52nd Wedding Anniversary and found it to have great food and service. Atmosphere was very inviting, Went back there 3 months later and I had the prime ribs and my wife had the walleye. Both were fabulous. Even-though Sandra's is about a 25 minute ride on the freeway, it is well worth the travel time..
Outstanding! Would definitely return.
We love Sandra's and will be back. We both had dinner specials for our anniversary night out and they were delicious! Always a wonderful dining experience!
Yes. Just Yes. Delightful first timer. Terrific ambience inside and out, don't let the exterior fool you. Coconut Shrimp... don't miss em. Brussels Sprouts... Yes!!! Fish fry and parmesan fries... yes! Ribs... yes! Specialty cocktails and desserts ... yes! Prices... yes! Back again for more? Yes.
Our First Visit will be one of many This was the first visit for my wife and I to this restaurant and we were very impressed by every facet of this establishment. From the greeting received as we walked thru the door by the hostess, to the ambience of the inside dining room and the scenic patio seating area which is where we chose to have our dinner. Our waitress Dara was very friendly and knowledgeable of the menu items and the specials that the restaurant had that night. We decided not to go with an appetizer this time not knowing how plentiful the entrees would be and we were glad we made that decision because you receive plenty to eat. Every patron receives a basket of warm parmesan toasted bread which was delicious and unique. We each went with the soup rather than salad to begin our meals and the corn chowder was very good. There is a wide variety of wine selections but we chose to go non-alcoholic with a raspberry and strawberry ice tea which were both very tasty for $3.95 ($1 extra for the flavoring) re-fills available. Though ribs are their specialty we were told we both went with seafood entrees, myself with the Parmesan Crusted Cod for $20.95 and my wife with the Coconut Shrimp for $19.95. I chose to substitute the usual vegetable side of Zucchini and Squash with their special Brussel Sprouts for an additional $2.50 and I thought it was worth it. The park setting for the patio was beautiful and tranquil and set the tone for a very nice meal. Dara was very attentive despite having a handful more tables, a couple in the lower level of the patio nearer the park. All in all a very pleasant experience both atmosphere, service and food wise. We will be back as it is a nice place for special occasions.
We decided to try the ribs since the last time we ate there the lady next to us was raving about them. We both ordered the large rack of ribs and were surprised that we both got 2 racks of ribs each which were almost the size of what most restaurants give you as large rack. They were so large that we both could only eat 1 rack. They were delicious and meaty and were actually pork. We have a new another nice eating place for ribs now. It came with cold slaw and my wife said it was the best cold slaw she has ever had. We had a real great waitress, here name was Kelly. The owner Sandra went over to all the customers at their tables to thank the customers for coming and if there was anything they could improve upon. The seating is limited in the building proper but it also has a great outside eating area and setting to serve any overflow or party. They also have eating at the bar if you prefer.
I had my bridal shower at Sandra's and it was wonderful! We had around 35 ladies in the downstairs room for wine and apps. The raspberry brie phyllo was the crowd favorite by far. We also had stuffed mushrooms, crab rangoon, mozzarella sticks, bacon wrapped water chestnuts, and a fresh veggie tray. All the food was so delicious. Gigi provided excellent service and was incredibly sweet and attentive. The room was beautiful and required very little decorating from us. Sandra was very easy to work with and provided everything we were looking for in a venue. I had an amazing time and will definitely be coming back. Thank you so much for making my shower extra special!
Here on a Friday for 3 battered fish dinners and an order of ribs. Great tasting fish with generous portions. I really enjoyed the unique barbecue sauce with the ribs. The couple with us also enjoyed their fish dinners and were impressed with the attentive staff which included a visit from Sandra and hostess Lisa. Looking forward to our next visit
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How to fight your way into a woman's heart.06 Oct 2013, Posted by Aria's Blog in
I love boxing. Full contact, up close, rough and tumble.
I'm not such a fan of training on my own with the heavy bag or skipping rope or shadow boxing. What I get a real thrill from is pairing up with someone to do pad work or sparring. I'm looking to connect with the invigorated spirit in another person in a lively exchange.
Perhaps this sounds a bit rough and out of keeping with what you'd imagine from a love and relationship coach. As a tantric/sexual healer I have certainly cultivated a delicate sensitivity in myself and I love to drop into the depths of tender exploration with another but I am also a thrill seeking, adrenalin junkie from way back. (Healthy contrast, I like to think). A shared experience of liveliness and power holds much allure for me. I find the demonstration of a brazen spirit deeply stimulating.
Not everyone brings as much of that as I'd like. Men or women.
Not many people risk bringing themselves fully forward to really give or receive that. Neither in boxing or in life. But that's what I'm all about. I'm totally up for digging in and finding courage to bring forth that kind of gutsy self expression. And supporting others in the same. It gives me a big thrill. So when I box I often end up spending a bit of time teaching people how to use the pads to catch my punches properly. Without any instruction most people just hold the pads up still and passive like a dead target. But the way I'm received determines to a very large degree what I can deliver. I really can't hit with any force if there's no power in the receiving capacity of the pad holder. It soon becomes very dissatisfying and I have to pull back and deliver to the level that I am responded to. And of course it marries up that way in life as well. We don't tend to continue for very long with passionate expression in the face of someone who is neutral and non-responsive. We'll tend to move along to where there is a better resonance.
And so I invest time in teaching people how to be dynamic in the way they bring more of themselves to respond to what's coming their way. I teach them how to play with me. And again, that's what I do with clients. I encourage them to bring more of themselves forward so that there's much more for life and people around them to respond to. As we turn up the brightness inside ourselves the world becomes so much more shiny and alive with possibility outside.
I really like boxing with men because I'm quite strong for a woman and men have a better chance of delivering the power that I'm hungry for in an exchange. But many men see that I'm a woman and hold themselves back. Or perhaps more likely it's just part of their stance in life in general. But either way, what I really want is for them to feel into the situation, feel into what's available to them and to meet that accordingly. Even better of course than simply meeting is to lead. But anyway, at least to meet with equal energy and enthusiasm is a very good start. It floats my boat. It makes me smile a big smile that stirs me to the core.
My favourite boxing partner ever was a guy called James. He was about 25. There was a bit of crazy in his eyes sometimes. He didn't hold back. I'm almost certain that he and I would sweat more between us than everyone else in the session put together. I loved how lively and spirited, gutsy and vocal our interactions were. We really wound each other up, reaching into our depths to show each other everything we had. We'd be absolutely shattered at the end. It was so satisfying for me. That's what I want more of in life – to feel that I'm met by an energy as big as my own, responded to passionately and without restraint, to feel the exhilaration of dancing with another in all of our glorious, wild fullness. It fills me with joy.
At the same gym where James and I bounced off each other there was a lovely instructor called Gary. He was gentle and softly spoken during class but an astonishing master of destruction when he fought in the ring. A real force to be reckoned with. Anyway, somehow I ended up holding a bag for him to hit in training one day and it still stands out for me as one of the most sexy interactions ever (not that I let on to him at the time). To feel the impact of his power was incredible. It was so exhilarating. I feel self-conscious now as I write it because it sounds a bit unhealthy to be turned on by such a violent expression. But I didn't feel any violence in it. I just felt the raw and potent power of a man in full flight. And that was what was so sexy to me. To be in such close contact with that potent force was breathtaking. I felt so alive with it.
Perhaps the passion I'm expressing here is more enthusiastic than many women might feel in the same situation but I feel confident that there is a deep craving in most of us to witness and feel more of the true depth of power in men. I'm sure I'm not alone in my hunger for it. Of course there are many, many different beautiful, tender, honest, vulnerable and revealing ways to express power, but I'm a very tactile, physical person so these physical demonstrations of men's power evoke a particularly strong response in me. This physical display is certainly a potent element in what can be part of a many and varied expression of a complex whole. I seek it out wherever I can and I love to find others who respond to being drawn out.


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Money may not grow on trees, but numbers do in this whimsical Math Jumble Watch. A bounty of colorful numbers adorn this math tree, with a brightly colored band to compliment. No matter the season, it's always numerical autumn in this timepiece.
Fun gift for a math teacher, elementary school teacher, or number cruncher. Great for teacher appreciation week!
- Faux leather band features a buckle clasp, and is 23cm long by 20mm wide.
- Available in beige, black, blue, brown, hot pink, soft pink, mint green, orange, red, yellow, or white band colors.
- Casing is 9mm thick, with a glass front and a dial diameter of 39mm.


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Summary:Enter Stage Right All her world's a stage. Beatrice Shakespeare Smith is not an actress, yet she lives in a theater. She is not an orphan, but she has no parents. She knows every part, but has no lines of her own. Until now. Welcome to the Théâtre Illuminata, where the characters of every place ever written can be found behind the curtain. They were born to play their parts, and are bound to the Théâtre by The Book—an ancient and magical tome of scripts. Bertie is not one of them, but they are her family—and she is about to lose them all and the only home she has ever known. Lisa Mantchev has written a debut novel that is dramatic, romantic, and witty, with an irresistible and irreverent cast of characters who are sure to enchant the audience. Open Curtain.
My Feelings: Eyes like stars is mesmerizing.I feel in love with every character in this book especially the funny and wild faeries that are Betrices #1 Sidekicks.Beatrice is a a hardheaded 17 year old who's lived in the Théâtre for almost her whole life she's quite a individual with her dyed Cobalt blue hair and spunky attitude that always seems to get her in to a lot of Shenanigans.(God I love saying that word).Nate is a charming pirate with a cute accent he's also is very protective over Beatrice. Aerial is a handsome and somtimes very annoying air spirt that happens to be my second favorite character in this book which is really weird because he barley has in personalty in this book until the very end but somehow his few parts in the book seemed like the best. I am a big fan of love triangles so when I was happy when saw the love triangle between Beatrice,Nate and Ariel now it's got me wondering who Beatrice is going to pick but I've got a feeling I know.
Overall: Eyes like Stars is a blend of laughs,magic,mystery and self-discovery I am so glad that I have the second book in this trilogy because I can't jump right into where I left off .


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|The Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) repository holds full-text theses and dissertations submitted for higher degrees at the University (including submissions from former Cape Technikon and Peninsula Technikon).
Now showing items 1-1 of 1
An investigation of liquid velocity measurement using PZT cylinders
(Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006)
A novel ultrasonic velocimeter was developed in this study using a single element PZT cylinder encapsulated within an isothermal cavity. The rig was designed to hold a small sample volume of test liquid (typically less ...


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If you are the parent or guardian of a student in elementary, middle, or high school, chances are high that you've been invited to an open house. Is it important to go? And if you do, what should you do to make the most of it?
We asked the advice of University of Kentucky College of Education associate professor Lu Young, a longtime educator, former superintendent and chief academic officer who works closely with school systems across Kentucky and beyond to improve teaching and learning in their districts.
What's the purpose of an open house?
Back-to-school open houses, much like open house events at one's home, are designed to welcome students and families to the school, helping them begin the process of assimilating into the new school year and the overall school culture. For newcomers to the school community, open houses are extremely beneficial and go a long way to ease the fears of new learners (not to mention their moms and dads!). For older students, walking their daily schedules from class to class and figuring out how to open a locker and catch the bus are all ways to make them feel more confident about what they will encounter. Younger students benefit from the chance to see where their classroom is and meet the teacher with whom they will be spending many days and hours over the course of the coming school year. For families, open house is often their first impression, and school leaders want to make sure that impression is a good one.
Is it important to go, even if my child knows his or her way around the school?
Indeed! In addition to providing a warm and hospitable exposure to the school for new families, open house plays an important role for returning students as well. School buildings have been thoroughly cleaned and prepared for the start of school, and teachers have prepared their classrooms for a new group of learners. New teachers and staff have been hired,and new and returning families will have a chance to hear about important policy and procedure changes they will encounter in the new school year. Every successful school year begins with a successful induction and open house is one key to that success.
What questions should I ask, especially if the teacher doesn't seem to have much time to talk to each person?
Teachers generally prepare and present critical back-to-school information with all students and families who stop by during open house. Knowing that teachers often have several families to meet and greet in the matter of only a few hours, they may not have much time to talk about individual student needs. In those cases, I would advise families to inquire about how to schedule time to meet with the teacher to engage in more specific conversations about their own children.
Every year, I see the PTA table with a sheet for volunteers to sign up, but I don't have much time. Is my child missing out if I don't sign up?
There are many families that cannot be involved as volunteers because of their own work schedules and other demands, so don't fret if you can't sign up on that list. Look for other ways to show your child that being connected to their school matters to you. Come to ballgames, concerts, school-wide events, and take advantage of any other opportunities you can find to be at the school.
If you are able to volunteer, though, we know that students whose family members volunteer at school are actually more successful and feel more connected to their school. Plus, teachers and staff desperately need extra hands on deck throughout the year, so your volunteer hours, in many ways, keep the school afloat.
Is there anyone else we should take time to see at an open house?
That's a great question. Remember that there are lots of faculty and staff who serve in non-teaching roles in today's schools. Take time to meet with counselors, administrators, extracurricular sponsors and coaches, and any other members of the school team who interact with your child.
What about middle and high school students and parents? With so many teachers at those levels, is there any benefit in trying to visit them all?
We know that as students get older, family involvement declines. Yet, middle and high school teachers have as much insight and information to share with their students' families as elementary teachers. So, try to meet as many of your child's teachers as possible and be sure you have their email contact information so that you can easily contact them as needed throughout the year. It is also important for families to learn how to access attendance and grade portals that they can use to track their children's progress throughout the year on their own. Today's digital tools offer families a wealth of information and access that their own parents never had.
Some might contend that the older the student gets, the MORE his/her parents should be involved. Fortunately, families of secondary students often get engaged with their school through extracurricular activities including sports, the arts, clubs, and community service events that bring them into the school throughout the year. Savvy school leaders recognize that any opportunity to engage with their students' families is another way to build bridges between school and home and back again.
Any other advice?
Make sure that the school always has up-to-date contact information. We are finding that since families rarely have land lines anymore, and since cell phone numbers change frequently, it is increasingly difficult to reach parents and guardians during the school day. So, open house is a good time to make sure you have all the back-to-school paperwork turned in and that the school can reach you.
This isn't really advice, but it might be worth noting that school leaders are also beginning to realize how important it is to "take the school to the community." In Jessamine County, [where Young served as superintendent] individual schools would start the year with a bus tour, with faculty and staff members riding a school bus into the neighborhoods where their students lived and having a back-to-school celebration right there among their students' homes. In Fayette County, many schools hold back-to-school rallies in neighborhood parks on Saturday mornings, when families, school personnel, and other community members can enjoy each other's company in a less formal environment. The message here is that school leaders no longer believe that families should be expected to come to them; instead, family engagement is a two-way street. These kinds of "reverse open houses" are especially appreciated by those families who face barriers to being at school for a more traditional open house event – barriers including lack of transportation, irregular work schedules, lack of child care for younger siblings, language barriers, etc.
But whether the open house is at your child's school, or in your neighborhood, it's a good idea to be involved in whatever way you can, and it's a great way to help your child – and you – start the school year on the right foot.


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Are you struggling with finding the right brush pen to practice your calligraphy with?
Perhaps you are just looking to explore the different choices out there.
Today you can find a huuuge choice of different brush pens on the market, and if you are new to the brush calligraphy game it might feel overwhelming when it comes to finding the right one.
In this article, I am going to review what I think are the best brush pens for brush calligraphy beginners.
Pin me!
Don't worry,
By the end of this post, you will have a much better understanding of the different characteristics that brush pens have to offer, and you will also be able to find the right brush pen depending on which style you want to practice.
Let's have a quick overview of what we have prepared for you –
- Understanding the different characteristics of brush pens
- Our top picks for the best brush pens for beginners
- FAQ – the most common questions about brush pens
- Final words
Without any further delays, let's jump right into this list and find your new favorite brush pen.
The different characteristics of brush pens
All brush pens share the same basic idea – a flexible nib that creates a thicker line when additional pressure is applied to a stroke.
However, different brush pens have diverse characteristics, and although there are a lot of these characteristics, I decided to review these brush pens on 4 different points –
- Size – larger or smaller pens
- Nib elasticity – how firm or soft a nib is
- Color – do they come in different colors
- Ink flow – is the ink flow more dry or wet
The main reason we are going to look into these 4 characteristics, is because these are the main points of difference between individual brush pens.
For example, I like a smaller size brush pen with a more elastic felt tip that also has a lower ink flow. Based on these preferences I would purchase a Tombow Fudenosuke (soft tip) – links to Amazon.
There is another core difference between brush pens, and that is the type of nib.
Considering that we are reviewing the best brush pens for beginners we are only going to talk about felt tip brush pens since synthetic (or real hair) brush pens are harder to control and they have a bigger learning curve.
Before you manage to find your favorite brush pen you will most likely have to try a bunch of them – but don't worry exploring different tools (and techniques) is an essential part of your calligraphy journey.
Let's begin with our list!
Here are the best brush pens for calligraphy beginners –
1. Tombow Dual Brush Pens
The Tombow Dual brush pen is probably one of the most popular brush pens out there – and for a good reason!
This brush pen falls into the category of a large size brush pen
The nib elasticity of the Tombow Dual brush pen I quite flexible and it's also mid-firm.
This means that you will be able to create semi bold and very bold down strokes with it.
A great advantage is that the Tombow Dual brush pen comes in a huge variety of different colors and on top of that the ink is water-based which makes it 100% blendable with different colors.
I like this pen so much that I decided to create a dedicated post for it.
Along with a step by step tutorial on 3 different ways you can blend the colors together.
Check it out here –
It has a solid wet ink flow which means that if you are looking for a brush pen that can create some nice dry texture, this is not the brush pen for it.
If you use proper paper (check the FAQ later) you will be able to use this brush pen for months on end.
The Tombow Dual brush pen features a double tip (hence the name) – a flexible felt tip brush nib as well as a smaller (firm) fine point tip on the other side.
The second smaller tip is a great assistant when it comes to minor corrections of your artwork.
Let's review it!
Pros –
- Beginner friendly – flexible tip allowing a variety of stroke thickness
- Water-based ink – blendable
- Second firm tip for corrections
- Huge variety of colors
- Non-toxic (safe for children)
Cons –
- The tips fray easily if the proper paper is not used
The nib of the Ecoline brush pen is very flexible and soft, meaning that you can create very bold strokes with ease.
Not as wide of a choice like with Tombow Dual brush pen, but you can still find more than 50 different colors.
The colors are blendable and best of all, the pens are rechargeable!
You can also get the separate inks from Ecoline, create awesome blends and fill your pens over and over again.
The Ecoline has a very wet ink flow which creates this awesome ombre effect as you adjust the pressure of your strokes.
I find this effect to be quite intriguing, but you need to be careful and wait for the ink to completely dry in order to avoid any smudges on the paper.
With this brush pen, you will have to adjust your arm movement when you practice as it has a much more flowy feel to it.
I recommend a less stiff hold of the pen and more arm movement to achieve the full potential of the brush nib.
If you are just shifting from a different brush pen to the Ecoline brush, it will take a bit of practice in order to get familiar with its workflow – so don't get discouraged or disappointed from the very beginning if it's different from what you are used to.
Let's review it! –
Pros –
- Very bright colors – wide choice
- Blendable with other colors
- The wet ink flow creates the ''ombre'' effect on your downstrokes
Cons –
- Tips can easily fray if you use the wrong paper
- The price is slightly higher
Secret hack with the Ecoline brush pen
One of the biggest downsides of nylon fiber (felt tip) brush nibs is that they tend to start fraying after extensive use or poor maintenance.
There is a really cool hack with the Ecoline brush pen in case your nib starts to fray!
Check out the video below for how to do it!
3. Pentel Arts Sign Pen
The Pentel Arts Sign pen is smaller size brush pen (compared with the Tombow and Ecoline brush pens)
This brush pen features a small but flexible nib ideal for smaller sized calligraphy.
The nib is quite responsive meaning that it has a sleek transition between your thick and thin strokes – although they are not very contrasting.
Unfortunately, this brush pen comes only in 12 different colors, however, the colors are very opaque and if they are diluted with water you can achieve an even bigger range of different colors.
On top of that, the ink is blendable with other the other Pentel Arts Sign pens.
The ink flow of the Pentel Arts Sign pen is consistent leaning towards a medium/dry flow.
In other words, if you write your letters on a slower pace you will have a very reason is, consistent color.
If you try to do some faster strokes you will get a very nice dry texture on your downstrokes.
This pen is a great choice for beginners since it's quite simple to maintain a consistent downstroke thickness.
The main difference between smaller brush pens and larger ones is in the hand movement.
Most of your movements come from the wrist which resembles the regular handwriting.
I've heard from many beginners that they had a much easier experience starting their calligraphy working with smaller sized brush pens such as this one.
Let's review the pros and cons!
Pros –
- Very easy to handle for beginners
- Blendable ink
- A more robust nib that won't fray easily
- The ability to create nice dry textures
Cons –
- Only small sized calligraphy
- A bit more expensive than the others
NOTE – be careful to not confuse the Pentel Arts Sign pen with the Pentel Felt Tip Sign pen – they look very similar and the Pentel Felt Tip Sign pen has a much lower price making it more appealing for purchase.
However, they don't have a brush tip like the Pentel Arts Sign Pen.
4. Crayola Markers
The size of the Crayola markers is large, however, depending on the way you hold your pen you can create smaller sized calligraphy as well.
The Crayola marker is kind of a unique pen in this list.
The reason is, it doesn't really have a flexible brush nib like the other pens on this list.
Instead, the Crayola marker features a broad nib.
The nib is basically firm, but with more pressure, you can achieve a thicker stroke.
However, the key of doing calligraphy with the Crayola marker lays in the way you hold your pen, by just slightly adjusting your angle you can create very thick strokes with 0 pressure.
I'm not going to lie, at first it may seem difficult and definitely different from regular brush pens, but I assure you that once you get a hang of it, Crayola markers are AMAZING!
You can get the Crayola markers in more than 40 different non-toxic colors making it safe for children to use.
The great thing about the Crayola's is that they are also suitable for fabrics and they have washable ink.
Very consistent ink flow leaning towards a more wet flow.
Once again, if you use proper paper the Crayola's will last you for an extended time.
All in all, I would say that the Crayola marker is a great tool for calligraphy beginners.
Not only you will be able to create a wide variety of strokes with the broad nib but you will also be able to get them EXTREMELY cheap!
Let's review it –
Pros –
- Extremely cheap!
- Durable (long lasting)
- Non-toxic ink (washable)
- A variety of stroke thickness
Cons –
- A bit of a learning curve (different than the regular brush pens)
5. Tombow Fudenosuke (Hard & soft tip)
The Fudenosuke falls into the smaller sized brush pen category (slightly bigger than the Pentel Arts Sign pen)
The Tombow Fudenosuke comes in two different versions, and their main point of difference is exactly the nib elasticity.
The hard tip – the nib is less elastic meaning that it snaps back to its original form much quicker compared with the soft tip.
The positive aspect of this is that you can get cleaner thin lines (upstrokes) while the downside is that the transitions between the thick and thin are not as smooth.
The soft tip – is kinda the opposite of the hard tip, you get smoother transitions between the thick and thins while the upstrokes are a bit messy.
The good thing is that these two pens are often sold together, so once you have them you can just play around with them and figure out which one suits you better.
Up until recently, you could have only bought the Tombow Fudenosuke in a black or gray version.
Not so long ago they released a color set version that offers 10 different water-based colors.
The downside is that they only come with the hard tip version, so if you prefer the soft tip over the hard one you will have to be a bit more patient.
Similar to the Pentel Arts Sign pen, the Tombow Fudenosuke has a nice and consistent ink flow.
However, with faster strokes, you are able to achieve a very pleasing dry texture on your down strokes.
Due to the smaller size of the nib, a lot of calligraphy beginners favor the Tombow Fudenosuke.
This is indeed a great pen for both beginners and more experienced calligraphers that gives you a consistent stroke thickness.
Great for practicing a wide variety of different calligraphy styles, both in modern calligraphy and traditional scripts such as Copperplate.
Let's review it –
Pros –
- Great for calligraphy beginners
- Perfect for different calligraphy styles (both traditional and modern calligraphy)
- Affordable price
- Water-based colors
Cons –
- The color version comes only with the hard tip
- The color version is a bit pricey
- Suitable only for smaller sized calligraphy
The main reason your brush tips are fraying is due to the wrong kind of paper.
One of our top picks is the – HP Premium 32
Felt tip brush pens require smooth bleed proof paper. We wrote an extensive guide on what is the best paper for lettering – you can check it out here.
I hate to sound like a broken record, but daily and consistent practice is the thing that will help you the most.
Aside from that you can check out this article where we talk about 5 EASY brush lettering tips.
We have a step by step tutorial that will guide your through the whole process 🙂
When you are trying to learn a new skills, you should always start by learning the fundamentals and gradually build up your skills.
In this article we cover the basic calligraphy strokes and you can also download some free practice sheets
The brush pen should be tilted on a approximate angle of 40-50 degrees.
This way you are able to create nice thick strokes without putting too much pressure.
You need to add more pressure on your down strokes but it shouldn't feel like you are doing a workout.
Aside from that, holding your brush pen too vertically can cause the tip to fray.
If you are a complete beginner you should start by practicing the basic strokes.
Once you feel confident enough you should start practicing the alphabet.
This will allow you to understand how the basic letter structure works.
At this point it's essential that you practice every day (if you want to improve)
I recommend the following –
Pick a word and practice the same word until you are not satisfied.
You should use guidelines in order to keep up with the consistency in all of your strokes.
In this tutorial, we guide you step by step through all of this.
I see A LOT of beginners constantly overwhelming themselves with this question.
When you are just starting out, your main focus should not be on how many likes and followers you are getting.
Instead your focus should be on consistent practice and creating great content for your audience.
If you do that, likes and followers will eventually come.
Here is a great article with 6 tips on how you can build your Instagram lettering audience.
We have an amazing step by step tutorial that will teach you 5 different ways you can add shadows to your lettering.
In this article we talk about 8 mistakes beginners tend to make.
Colors combinations are very important not just for lettering but for art and design in general.
They can either break or make your artwork.
We wrote a comprehensive guide on this topic that will teach you the fundamentals of colors.
Stay updated with our tutorials and get instant access to the Lettering Crate –
A growing library of free lettering & calligraphy resources that includes – FREE downloadable calligraphy practice sheets, Procreate brushes, the 30-day lettering planner, printables, and more.
There you have it gang, hopefully now you are a step closer towards finding your favorite brush pen for calligraphy.
Although there are brush pens that are better than others, there is not a particular brush pen that will magically improve your skills overnight.
Calligraphy is a complex form of art that requires years of practice in order to master it.
Don't overwhelm yourself by thinking too much about the future or comparing yourself with other, more experienced calligraphers.
Embrace who you are and where you are at this very moment with your skills.
Enjoy the process and practice on a daily basis – i GUARANTEE that you will notice progress.
We also have two great tutorials that will you get started.
They also both include downloadable worksheets.
Check it out here –
- How to do modern calligraphy – 3 popular styles
- How to do brush lettering – the ultimate beginners guide
I would like to invite you to join our official Facebook group, where you can share your artwork, ask questions, network with fellow lettering artists and much more!
Until the next time,
Stay AWESOME!


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There are historical reasons to fear teams that have nothing to lose. They are called "spoilers" for good reason.
The New York Islanders took to the ice Wednesday at the Bell Centre thinking they still had a chance of earning a playoff berth in the Eastern Conference. After 120 minutes of hockey against the Canadiens their post-season hopes are all-but gone.
Considering their dreadful defensive record, it's not as if the Islander deserved a playoff berth, but the Canadiens are nothing special in that department either.
The difference was, the Canadiens, were for all intents playing without a care in the world. They outscored then 9-4 in two games to inter their season fate.
With little or no talk of a playoff berth, talk around the Islanders will now centre on the future of John Tavares.
Brendan Gallagher energizes those around him. Look what he did for Alex Galchenyuk in this game. His first shift in months on a line with Galchenyuk and Jonathan Drouin, Gallagher deflected a Galchenyuk shot to give the Canadiens a 1-0 lead. Galchenyuk then scored three goals for his second career hattrick and a four point night. For a shooter like Galchenyuk, the distraction Gallagher provides in front of the net is incredibly helpful.
Gallagher may have deserved some credit. But put a lot if on Galchenyuk as well. His first goal was one of those rifle shots from the right faceoff dot. On the second he went to the net to get the puck and, while his third goal was an empty netter, he stripped the puck from John Tavares in the corner and then cut in front to score. We've seen a lot more good than bad from Galchenyuk since the beginning of December. Took a while, but some of that promise is now coming forth.
The Minnesota Wild had an opportunity to watch defenseman Mike Reilly for 84 games and decided that the Canadiens offer of a fifth round draft choice was his real value. He's been in two games with the Canadiens and off what I've seen, it seems like the Wild were either not using him correctly or misjudging his ability. Kind of best we cool our jets on making a final judgement however. Yes, he skates well and can move the puck but there was also that giveaway that led to the Islanders second goal. That sort of thing was the knock on his game in Minnesot. Just say this, so far he's an improvement on Joe Morrow.
….Noah Juulsen finally got his first NHL goal. Great shot too. Another solid effort.
….Victor Mete left the game after the first period with a hand injury. Max Pacioretty didn't play in the third period for another problem.
….If you looked at his statistical line in the game you would wonder if Jonathan Drouin was in the game. So did I… again. One shot on goal, another that missed., Nothing else. He did win six of nine faceoffs, which is good.
….About a month ago I was thinking Artturi Lehkonen was getting his scoring touch back. False alarm. After scoring three goals and five points in three games he has gone ten games with just one assist. He had a team leading six shots on goal in this game.
The Canadiens ended a seven game road losing streak with the win in Brooklyn. Second game in 24 hours and second of six games in 12 days on the road Saturday night in Boston. The Bruins coming off scoring eight goals against Pittsburgh Thursday. Could be a long night.


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If momentum means a bunch in auto racing, then Kevin Harvick will enter the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Playoffs with a good shot of racking up a second series championship.
Harvick won one of Cup's biggies on Sunday, and he did it rather handily. The Stewart-Haas Racing driver led a race-best 119 laps as he rumbled to victory in the Big Machine Vodka 400 at the Brickyard at Indianapolis Motor Speedway.
"I know how much this means (to everybody on his team)," Harvick said. "I know how much this means to, really, everybody."
The victory in the series' regular-season finale was Harvick's third in the last seven races and gave him his sixth top-seven result during that time.
It was the 2014 Cup champ's second win at the famed 2.5-mile oval and it came by a robust 6.1 seconds over runner-up Joey Logano of Team Penske.
As dominating as Harvick was, he said he needed a bit of late-race luck.
"I don't know if we had the best car," said Harvick, who was the race's pole-sitter.
"We gave up the lead on one of those restarts and then we came and pitted and the caution came out and it worked our way. We've given so many of them away just because of circumstances here, and the way the caution flag fell today actually worked in our favor. It gave us control of the race and we were able to keep control of the race."
Bubba Wallace had a huge day for Richard Petty Racing as he finished third, giving him his second-ever podium finish.
Rounding out the top five were William Byron of Hendrick Motorsports and Clint Bowyer of Stewart-Haas.
The race at the Brickyard set the field for the 16-driver, 10-race Playoffs, which will begin next weekend at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
One notable driver who did not make the field is Jimmie Johnson.
His hopes to win a record eighth Cup championship ended in the Turn 2 wall at Indy. Just after the restart for the third and final stage of the Brickyard, Johnson found himself on the bottom of the track, three-wide with Hendrick Motorsports teammate Byron and Kurt Busch of Chip Ganassi Racing.
Johnson and Byron bumped doors, sending Johnson hard into the wall. So, for the first time since the series began its playoff format in 2004, Johnson will not be included.
"Certainly disappointing. We needed a stellar day and I think we were having a strong day," said Johnson, who qualified fifth for the race.
"I'm on the inside going into the corner and it was just super tight. Unfortunately that happened."
He said he looks forward to a brighter 2020 season.
"This team is getting strong each and every week," he said. "We're ready to roll."
Four drivers -- Bowyer, Daniel Suarez, Ryan Newman and Johnson -- had started the day with shots at winning the final two Playoff spots. Twenty-six points separated Bowyer and Johnson.
Bowyer earned the 15th spot with his fifth-place finish, while Newman of Roush Fenway Racing finished eighth Sunday to earn the final berth.
"This was key for us," Bowyer said. "A top-five, some momentum."
Kyle Busch is No. 1 in the Playoffs field, followed by Denny Hamlin, Martin Truex Jr., Logano and Brad Keselowski. Harvick is sixth.
--Field Level Media


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An expansion of the Bay Area Hospital building in Coos Bay will create a new wing on the 40-year-old building, allowing for modern upgrades and a better patient and staff experience.
Though the expansion, designed by ZGF Architects, will add 110,000 square feet to the building, the hospital is not planning to expand patient capacity, said ZGF project manager Malcolm Brown. Instead, the new facility is part of a transition to offer more private rooms at the hospital.
"The rooms (in the expansion) are much larger than in the existing facility," Brown said. "There is additional room in the patient rooms for family."
The presence of family has been showing to improve patient outcome, Brown said.
The expansion project adds on to the existing three-story building, and will improve the layout of the facility, which has been hampered by a sloped site with entrances on both the first and third floors.
"We tried to address the way-finding issue by creating a multilevel atrium space that will allow people to arrive in a single location and get oriented," Brown said.
The exterior of the building was designed to conform to the existing building, but will add large bay windows in patient rooms.
"Being on the coast, it's important to bring in as much natural light as possible," Brown said. "And there are real pretty trees on and around the setting."
To take optimum advantage of the new natural light, the building will have sensor-controlled low-energy lighting.
The new facility will also be integrated with the existing building through a pneumatic tube system that will carry supplies, medications and lab samples through the building. The buildings will have independent systems, however, because the new facility is designed to modern seismic standards for essential facilities, meaning that it will still be usable after an earthquake. The old part of the building was constructed before such codes were in place.
Hoffman Construction Company is the general contractor on the project. Other members of the design team include HGE Inc., KPFF Consulting Engineers Inc., Interface Engineering Inc. and Anderson Krygier Inc.
The ZGF project team included Karl Sonnenberg, partner in charge; John Thompson, principal designer; Barbara Anderson, program and operations analysis; Solvei Neiger, medical planner; Sharron van der Meulen, principal interior designer and program verification; Scott Tarrant, project architect; and Lee Kilbourn, David Grigsby, Paul Evans, Julia Bannon, Michael Perso, Rena Simon, Maria McMorran, Amy Piasek-Kluge and Justin Brooks.
"On the Boards" is a weekly feature that spotlights local firms' best design work. Submissions from architectural and engineering firms are encouraged. Please email email@example.com or call 503-802-7240.


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FirstWorks Soccer Club is the competitive soccer sector of the non-profit organization FirstWorks Soccer Inc. FSC offers a fun competitive soccer program in the west Atlanta area.
Our Invincible Academy Program trains group ages U8 through U12 to compete. Our FSC Select Program provides training to teams U13 through U19. The philosophy at FSC is to focus the on development of each child on the fundamentals of soccer. We emphasize technique that is translated into improving each players fundamental acumen.
Our goal is to give each child the opportunity to access their full potential on and off the soccer field. At FirstWorks Soccer Club, building character is the foundation of what we do. We focus on giving back, community service, and relational character (compassion, patience, kindness, self-control, humility, dependability, and integrity).