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Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
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Ultrasonics Sonochemistry is a leading international journal devoted to publishing excellent quality research articles primarily on chemical reactions and reactors induced by ultrasonic waves, namely sonochemistry. In addition to focusing on chemical reactions, Ultrasonics Sonochemistry also values contributions related to cavitation (acoustic or hydrodynamic) induced events and processing such as sonoluminescence, and chemical/physical/biological transformation of materials.
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry publishes excellent quality papers in a number of areas involving ultrasonics and sonochemistry. Since its establishment in 1994, the journal's ranking has been consistently high and currently the top ranked journal in the "Acoustics" category. Papers published in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry are highly relevant to academics and the industry sector.
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry considers high quality manuscripts for publication under the following categories: Full length research articles, Reviews and Short Communications in the research topics/areas listed below. Manuscripts reporting routine/incremental work will not be considered for publication under any category / topic.
Acoustic cavitation: Theory, bubble dynamics and fundamental work pertaining to: single and/or multiple bubbles dynamics in a fluctuating force field of pressure, light and magnetism; effect of physico-chemical properties of the gases/vapour components and also fluid properties such as surface tension, viscosity, rheology etc.; basic force and energy balance equation and models for single and multibubble systems; various analytical and numerical solutions to the equations derived in various force fields under a variety of boundary and initial conditions; algorithms for the different solution schemes for single and multiple bubble dynamics and/or their interactions; establishing links between the fundamental dynamics with microscopic/macroscopic and bulk effects, including symmetric and asymmetric bubble oscillations; cavitational intensity; spatio-temporal distribution.
Sonochemistry: Chemical and physical operating parameters influencing cavitation threshold, activity, intensity and associated effects (experimental and theoretical); chemical and physical dosimetry of cavitational activity; frequency effect on sonochemistry; single bubble sonochemistry; sonochemistry in non-cavitating conditions; reactor and probe design; scale-up.
Sonoluminescence: Single bubble sonoluminescence (SBSL); multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL); sonochemiluminescence (SCL); cavitation bubble structures; sonophoto-luminescence (SPL); sonoluminescence quenching; effect of frequency and acoustic power on sonoluminescence; characterisation of ultrasonic reactors using sonoluminescence and/or sonochemiluminescence.
Synthesis of materials including inorganic and organic materials: Ultrasonic/ sonochemical/ultrasound-assisted synthesis of organic materials such as organic molecules, polymer materials, and supermolecular compounds; ultrasonic/sonochemical/ultrasound-assisted synthesis of inorganic materials, such as, inorganic molecules, metals, metal oxides, and ceramics and ceramic micromaterials/nanomaterials; Ultrasonic activation of synthetic reactions.
Sonoprocessing: Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of oil, bioactive compounds, natural products, antioxidant compounds etc.; Soil washing for removing soil contaminates with ultrasounds; ultrasonic/acoustic emulsification of two or more immiscible liquid phases; treatment of contaminated soil/surfaces.
Food processing: Processing of food and/or dairy systems (e.g., dairy/whey proteins; starch, polyphenols, etc.) using ultrasound; ultrasonic modification of functional properties of food/dairy systems; ultrasonic activation/deactivation of enzymes in food/dairy systems; ultrasonic deactivation of pathogens in food/dairy systems; ultrasonic extraction of functional (e.g., polyphenols, antioxidants) ingredients; large scale reactors for food processing applications; ultrasonic preparation of food emulsions.
Environmental remediation: Destruction/removal of pollutants or contaminants from soil, ground or water; influence of physical and chemical operating parameters on kinetics; elucidation of chemical pathways; Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs); sono-Fenton and related topics; sonocatalysis and related topics; scale-up processes.
Sonocrystallisation: Work pertaining to: effect of acoustic irradiations and turbulent velocity and pressure fluctuations on the nucleation, growth and the particle size distribution (PSD); population balance models and probabilities of particle breakage and /or agglomeration and nucleation; system properties and the effect of the same on sonication, it's propagation and alteration and hence the crystallization phenomenon; energetic (energy balance) of crystallization and the role of acoustics on the same.
Sonoelectrochemistry: Electrosynthesis of useful compounds and materials in an ultrasonic field; ultrasonic activation of electrochemical reactions; ultrasonic enhancement of detection sensitivity in electroanalysis. Detailed experimental procedure as well as mechanisms should be critically discussed. Manuscripts reporting such combined technologies without such details or constructive discussion will not be considered for publication.
Hybrid techniques: Ultrasonic coupling with other technologies (other than sonoelectrochemistry), microwave, photochemistry (sonophotocatalysis), tribochemistry, mechano-chemistry, etc.), dual and multifrequency operation at laboratory or large scale leading to enhanced efficiency. Detailed experimental procedure as well as mechanisms should be critically discussed. Manuscripts reporting such combined technologies without such details or constructive discussion will be not considered for publication.
Ultrasound in biomedical applications: Ultrasonic synthesis of microspheres/nanospheres for drug/nutrient delivery; ultrasonic/sonochemical synthesis of protein microspheres and core-shell architectures; ultrasonic/sonochemical synthesis of biomaterials. Manuscripts dealing with therapeutic/diagnostic effects of ultrasound may notbe suitable for this journal.
Hydrodynamic cavitation: Work pertaining to: cavitation in hydraulic and high fluid velocity rotary and linear velocity systems; fundamentals of cavity/bubble nucleation, growth and collapse (cavitation), under rotary machines and high speed constricted flows; experimental validation (cause and effects) of the cavitation phenomena and harnessing of the energy release; scale -up studies and industrial cavitating systems.
Keywords: sonochemistry, ultrasonics, cavitation, sonication, sonoluminescence, sonoprocessing, food processing, sonocrystallisation, environmental remediation, sonoelectrochemistry


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Hi Stefan,
the Unicode conversion guides depend on the Basis/NW support packages / EhPs of your system.
If you have e.g. NW 7.0 EhP 1, then you need the guide 701.
The application support packages / EhPs are not relevant for the UC conversion (since it can be used for ERP,CRM,SCM, ...).
Best regards,
Nils Buerckel
Edited by: Nils Buerckel on Aug 25, 2010 2:46 PM

subset: commoncrawl


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MDPI will be attending the 24th Annual Conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE 2019), to be held in Manchester, UK, 26–29 June 2019.
EAERE (The European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists) is one of the largest and most prominent scientific associations worldwide in the field of environmental and resource economics. Its annual conference attracts up to 750 participants from academic institutions, the public sector, and private industry. There are participants from 80 countries in Europe and beyond, who conduct research, design policy and operate in the field of environmental and resource economics.
The following MDPI journals will be represented:
If you are also attending this conference, please feel free to stop by our booth (Booth # 5). Our delegates look forward to meeting you in person to answer any questions you may have regarding our journals and open access publishing. For more information about the conference, please visit http://www.eaere-conferences.org/index.php?p=124


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Displaced Families to Receive Housing Assistance
This year the Chinese Government will be assisting Dominica in relocating families who were displaced as a result of natural disasters.
Housing Minister Reginald Austrie, has said that Government Information a number of families from the community of San Sauveur will benefit from the assistance this year.
The Minister said residents of Mahaut who were affected by last year's Tropical Storm Ophelia will also be given some housing assistance.
He said, "In Mahaut after tropical Storm Ophelia a number of people had to be displaced because they were right there in the course of the river, we are also seeking to identify the lands with the assistance from the Chinese Government.
"In fact the Chinese technicians are presently on Island looking at the sites and looking at the logistics so we can start on this project early in the New Year."
Meanwhile, a housing project earmarked for the Cotton Hill area in Lagoon will also get off the ground this year.
The Minister said further that there has been some movement on identifying a suitable location within the Cotton Hill Estate to erect the housing project.
He says the Ministry is hoping that somewhere in the next couple of months they will have a document that they can take to Cabinet to decide on a way forward for the housing for the people of Lagoon. This project is still very much on the cards and they are hoping that sometime this year we will see some movement on that project.
As far as land settlement and land distribution is concerned, the Minister says Government is looking to grant access to farm lands in the Rosalie and Delices areas.


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Have you ever heard of the Five Love Languages? According to relationship expert Gary Chapman, there are five main ways that people prefer to show and receive love: gifts, quality time, physical touch, words of affirmation, and acts of service. With all due respect for Dr. Chapman, though, I think he left a very important language off of that list. For me at least, there is only one language of true love: coffee.
Coffee really is my love language. I can always be won over with a nice, hot cup of joe. (In case you're wondering, I prefer a dark roast drip with extra cream. Bonus points if it's freshly ground.) My absolute favorite way to spend time with people is drinking coffee together. There is just something about the coffee aroma and warm mugs that brings magic to any friendship.
My now husband, however, was a little wary of my java obsession when we started dating. He almost never drinks coffee himself, so I would sometimes get "the look" when I suggested going to Starbucks for my second or third cup of the day. I was worried that his apparent disinterest in my coffee habits would become a real source of contention for us when we got married.
To my surprise, however, coffee did not turn out to be a problem in our marriage. In fact, it was the exact opposite. My husband may have chosen not to feed into my coffee addiction early on in our relationship, but he was paying attention. He could see how much I appreciated it when other people would share a coffee with me. So, once we were married, he began finding ways to show love to me through coffee.
It started out a few weeks after we moved into our apartment. I was playing around with the French Press coffee maker and grinder that we received as wedding presents when I suggested that we visit the organic coffee farm up the road from our new place. After we went to their tasting room, I somehow convinced Thomas to let us buy a bag of their expensive, special roast. My plan was to start my mornings with a cup of this delicious coffee, but unfortunately I failed almost every day. Since I always woke up too late to do it myself, my husband offered to put the water on the stove to boil for me while I was still in the shower. It was a small gesture that made a big difference to me every day.
Shortly after that, however, he started taking it a step further. On the days I got up really late, he would go ahead and grind the coffee for me and set it up to brew as well. Then he started researching how to make the coffee turn out even better. He became the master of water temperature and perfect brew times for the French Press. He now pretty much covers the whole coffee process from start to finish—from remembering to buy coffee and cream when we are out, to washing out my travel mug so it is ready for the next morning. When I am heading out the door to work, he hands me a steaming cup of my favorite brew. It's so awesome!
Although my husband puts in all this work to make my coffee, he still hardly ever drinks any himself. He makes me a perfect cup of coffee every morning, and all I ever make him is late for work. If that isn't love, then I don't know what is.
There are many ways that my husband expresses his love to me—kind words, nice gifts, hugs, among other things. However, it is his simple act of making my coffee every morning that leaves me with no question about his love. My husband speaks my love language so well. I only hope that someday I will be half as good at speaking his.
- How I Stopped Stressing And Started Living - September 6, 2016
- 'Does This Shirt Make Me Look Fat?' - August 1, 2016
- What Long Lasting Friendships Taught Me - June 29, 2016


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– by RAJEEV GOWDA
Why a blog? Why now?
Let me share an analogy …
Have you ever seen satellite pictures of cyclones moving across the seas, getting ready to lash the Indian coast with torrents of rain? Right in the middle of the whirling winds is a centre where calm prevails.
That's the eye of the storm.
We're right now in the middle of the great electoral cyclone that periodically hits every part of India. These rains are nourishing. They ensure the renewal of hope, the recharging of democracy. And they're accompanied by much sound and fury, by storms of charges and countercharges, by lightning and thunder, rhetoric and bombast.
So what's a concerned citizen to do? How does she or he make sense of the media coverage, of the allegations and rebuttals? Where can she or he turn to get the facts?
That's right! To this site. The eye of the electoral storm. Where truth prevails.


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Home › Preaches › Isn't That Joseph's Son?
Isn't That Joseph's Son?
November 11, 2018 Featured Preach, Joshua Bloor Annointing, Church, Community, Identity, Image of God Luke Home, Preaching Homepage
Josh challenges us from Luke 4 to see the anointing of God in each other and resist familiarity with the rest of the church.


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Birmingham 2021 chief executive DJ Mackovets has revealed here today that organisers of the next World Games realistically think they can reduce their budget by around $25 million (£19 million/€21.2 million).
The American city, located in the state of Alabama, was awarded the 2021 World Games in January 2015.
Mackovets revealed during a press briefing this morning alongside Birmingham Mayor William Bell that their initial budget was $75 million (£57 million/€64 million).
However, it appears that following evaluations, they may be able to cut that significantly to $50 million (£38 million/€42.5 million).
"The bid budget was $75 million, although we are starting to review that very aggressively," the American said.
"We do not believe it will take that much money to deliver these Games at the level that we all want to produce them at.
"I think we are probably going to be closer to $50 million.
"Our budget model in the US for major events is much, much different to elsewhere in the world, where our money comes from the private sector through corporate sponsorship.
"We do already have a major commit from Mayor Bell and we are working on securing funding from Jefferson County as well as the State of Alabama.
"If I could give you a formula then it would probably be 85 per cent of our budget would come from the private sector and the other 15 from the public sector.
"Until we begin negotiations with goods and services suppliers, we are not sure where exactly that money will be saved, but we are confident we will be able to reduce the cost."
Birmingham was chosen in front of Lima in Peru and Ufa in Russia by the International World Games Association (IWGA) Executive Board.
It will be the first time since the inaugural World Games in 1981 that the United States has hosted the event, with Santa Clara in California given the honour on that occasion.
Last week, IWGA President José Perurena praised his organisation's approach to hosting a multi-sport event and claimed it could be the way forward in the future.
Action is currently taking place at the 2017 edition of the World Games in the Polish city of Wrocław.
Perurena claimed that City of Wrocław has invested €22 million (£20 million/$25.5 million) into the hosting the event and a further €50 million (£45 million/$58 million) on infrastructure and renovating venues.
The figures given by Perurena and Mackovets offer a stark contrast to the costs of hosting an Olympic Games, for example.
Rio 2016 had an initial operational budget of BRL$8.7 billion (£2.1 billion/$2.8 billion/€2.6 billion) while Tokyo 2020 have been forced to cut costs and found themselves at a total sum of $13 billion (£11 billion/€13.1 billion) last month.


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We are looking to be invested on a ranch where we can best utilize our experiences and skills. Working cattle ranch preferred but may consider guest ranch position. A management position with seasonal work and income is also a possibility. We could also put together a lease proposal for the right situation. The right situation is more important than salary at this time.
Both my wife and I were raised on larger cattle ranches. I have experience in business management, overseeing ranch production and experience in all phases of ranch work.
The diversity of my experience includes construction management, human resource management, leadership training, lots of committee work, some media relations, speaking engagements, counseling, volunteer work and community involvement. Much of my experience includes working with people in different settings including managing employees, event planning and negotiating contracts. I also like to teach and have no problem training people.
I have a Bachelor's Degree in Ag Business and also have a Master's Degree. We attend continuing education many times a year and have a great network of some very intelligent business people.
Ranch experience and skills include:, enterprise evaluation, profitability analysis, grazing management, soil health, mapping, low-stress cattle handling, horsemanship (training both horses and riders), A-I, budgeting, financials and I keep records in order to adequately report on all of these things. Basic ranch experience includes fencing, flood irrigating, haying, calving, roping, doctoring, design and building shop projects, light mechanic work and ability to diagnose most mechanical problems.
I also have quite a bit of experience in construction. For construction projects I know how to research, plan and oversee construction projects. I have also seen enough of these projects to be able to not overlook items and therefore budget correctly.
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What States Are You Willing to Move To?: Wyoming and Montana
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Ethnography as magical realism and the discovery of the ordinary
Dear colleagues, students, family, friends, I want to speak to you today about the anthropology of everyday life.[note 1]Abridged English translation of my valedictory lecture 'Hoe bestaat het!? Etnografie als magisch realisme en de ontdekking van het alledaagse'. Aula, University of Amsterdam, 2 July 2015.
You probably expected a retrospective on twenty – and more – years of teaching and doing medical anthropology, but I would rather speak about cultural and social anthropology in general. The reason for this is that I want to make a 'statement': medical anthropology is anthropology and should remain so.
In accordance with the topic of my lecture, no professors in gowns will parade through the Aula and take possession of the first benches. We are here together as 'normal' people in ordinary clothes, without the distinctions of rank and status. I will also try to speak in ordinary language and not hide behind academic jargon. When I was in secondary school, I was taught that you have not understood what you cannot explain in ordinary words.
Everydayness has had my interest throughout my academic life. I consider the description and disentanglement of ordinary life the prime task of anthropology, for culture is what is taken for granted, our 'second nature' or 'habitus'. At the same time, however, I am aware that we almost routinely pass by the ordinary in search of what is dramatic and exotic.
Why focus on the everyday?
Because it is central to our lives, but widely overlooked, as I just said. Gerhard Nijhof (2011) calls the ordinary 'the basis of our sense of security'. But because that security is taken for granted (as long as it is not disturbed), we do not pay attention to it and focus on what is out of the ordinary.
Anthropologists want to be relevant. They want to contribute to better understanding and even solving the grim problems of our time. This desire is clearly expressed in a book with the telling title Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines (MacClancy 2002). Judging from the title (and the contents!) of the book, exoticism implies irrelevance. Anthropologists must be at the forefront of the struggle for a better world. These are the first lines of the book:
For far too long, social anthropology has been seen as an academic discipline dedicated to the study of abstruse customs or out-of-the-way tribes. Extraordinary ceremonies in exotic settings, unusual behaviors in isolated communities – these have been seen by many as anthropologists' stock in trade. (2002, 1)
Anthropologists at this university have responded to the call for a more relevant anthropology. My colleagues can be found where people are in trouble. They try to inform policymakers, politicians, and the general public about how victims of poverty, violence, and disaster see the nature and source of their problems and misery. The same is true for many of our students doing their master's or PhD research. They write about domestic violence, war, child soldiers, prisoners, refugees, AIDS patients, and current issues in the public debate such as transgenderism, euthanasia, dementia, and the crisis in care giving. Like the exoticism of the past, however, the dramatization of the present threatens to drown out the attention to everyday life.
What is the everyday?
'Everyday'[note 2]'Everyday', 'ordinary', and 'common' will be used as approximate synonyms in this lecture. Some colleagues limit 'ordinary' to what is taken for granted, since not everything that is 'common' or 'everyday' is also taken for granted.
can be something different for different people. For the family in Ghana with whom I lived for more than a year, working on the farm was an everyday activity. Before dawn they walked about four kilometers to their fields and cleared the tall weeds between the crops while the sun grew hotter and hotter. For me, this habitual activity was both thrilling and terrifying. Small flies swarmed around me and entered my nose and ears, to the amusement of my workmates who seemed completely untroubled by them. Jokingly, they explained to me that the flies were called something like the 'tease of slackers'. What they found less funny was that I did not see the difference between weeds and crops. They did not want my help anymore … to my great relief. If we study the ordinary life of others, this life may indeed be far from ordinary for ourselves; it could be extremely unusual, exciting, dramatic, bizarre, cruel, incomprehensible, and uncomfortable.
When I look back on my own research in Ghana and Cameroon, I realize that I was indeed mainly interested in 'ordinary things', because they were not ordinary to me. This does not mean that the common ideas and behavior of the people whom I studied were completely separated from my daily life. As my colleagues will probably agree, there is always an implicit comparison with our own lives when we look at other people's. Let me cite a few examples from my research on everyday life in Ghana.
- Experiences of aging and care for the elderly. I chose this subject on the basis of my own experiences with aging and elderly care in my own society and family. It taught me a lot about respect and reciprocity in the daily lives of older people, both there and here.
- Sleep and nocturnal life. This theme attracted me because so little was known about it. Anthropologists and other scientists apparently assume that life temporarily stops at night during sleep and that there is nothing to say about it. The opposite is true, I am inclined to say.
- A somewhat controversial topic of everydayness was toilet use. The hilarity with which people responded to this subject showed that this everyday practice was hardly everyday in conversation. My interest started with the frightening experience of visiting a toilet on the first day of my fieldwork, a story that I have described too often already (for example, 1998a) and of which I will spare you now. This research taught me, among other things, how ideas and emotions surrounding dirt and cleanliness dominate our lives, and how dependent they are on cultural and especially social conditions.
- A fourth theme from daily life that fascinated me was greeting. In the Ghanaian community where I did nearly all of my fieldwork, it would be possible to spend the whole day greeting people. Little is more ordinary than greeting one another, but little is also more different there in Ghana from what is common in my own society. What I learned from this exploration is again the importance of respect and reciprocity, but especially both the beauty and tyranny of convention and social performance.
The anthropologist's everyday
But what I really want to talk about is the everyday world of the researcher and their closest cultural relatives. Why does this seem so elusive to anthropologists, or why do they not consider it a research-worthy topic of study?
But as always happens when I dive into the literature looking for a theme that I think has been massively overlooked, I discover numerous 'exceptions'. So let me begin with a brief summary of some prominent exceptions within Dutch anthropology that I came across.
One of the first 'home ethnographies' in the Netherlands was Jojada Verrips's (1979) study of two religious groups in his home area. The book – his doctoral dissertation – drew a lot of attention. Readers were apparently interested in an anthropological description and interpretation of daily life in an average Dutch village, where church and religion had a deep impact. Or was the interest rather the result of the extra-ordinariness of that village with its religious obsessions? Some critics pointed out that the author was mostly interested in conflicts and rivalry. Was this study with the poetic title En boven de polder de hemel (And above the polder heaven) less about ordinary life than we had assumed?
This suspicion was confirmed by Rob van Ginkel, one of Verrips's most prominent followers, who has written extensively about endo-ethnography. In his publications on methodological issues in ethnography at home, Van Ginkel (see, for example, 1997, 1998) has frequently emphasized that these authors have been mainly interested in marginal and unusual people and events in their own society. I can only agree.
Another colleague who does focus on the ordinary is Gerhard Nijhof, emeritus professor of medical sociology. Nijhof needs the ordinary to see and describe what is non-ordinary. He writes about ordinary practices that are lost by people with Parkinson's. I already quoted him at the outset of this talk, but want to cite him again since his words capture the main idea of and motivation for this lecture: the ordinary is the basis of our sense of security. Losing that security is one of the pains of sickness. Somewhat paradoxically, Nijhof (2001) has also written a touching reflection on ordinary sick life, based on his own experiences as a cancer patient. Unfortunately, this short autobiographical essay was never translated into a more widely spoken language.
Annemarie Mol and her colleagues and doctoral students come closest to conducting ethnography of their own everyday life. They attempt to dissect common experiences such as eating and tasting by carefully looking at the context and describing how appreciation of food comes into being. The taste experience is a striking example of our neglect of what is overly common. What we are inclined to consider a 'simple' direct physiological relationship between the food substance and the taste organs is much more complex. The act of tasting is a powerful example of the social and cultural embeddedness of bodily sensation.
Anke Niehof, emeritus professor of the sociology of consumption and households at Wageningen University, looks at households as arenas in which members fight for survival. Concepts like livelihood and resilience are central in her work. In contrast to Nijhof's view, the household is not always the safe haven where people feel secure. Especially in societies characterized by inequality, poverty, and violence, everyday household life can be dramatic and traumatic.
Huub de Jonge, from the Radbaud University in Nijmegen, edited a collection of essays about ordinary life under the title Ons soort mensen (Our kind of people, 1997). It contains a strong essay by Susanne Reitz about the meaning and use of the diary in the Netherlands, through which the author discovers how people use and experience time. In the same volume, Henk Driessen discusses the typically Dutch concept of gezelligheid (coziness) and Alex Strating explores Dutch kinship. Kinship is a topic about which anthropologists worldwide have written extensively, but which they have tended to overlook in their own society as if it did not exist.
This, finally, leads me to Ali de Regt (1993), a 'soft' sociologist from our own department, who has written about economic and emotional relations in Dutch families. There is an economic morality in the routines of everyday family life. Members accept emotional and financial responsibility for each other because that is 'normal' in families. Even when traditions of financial support change – as happened with the introduction of the welfare state – emotional ties and mutual care between family members persist.
Why the preference for the exotic and dramatic?
Despite these exceptions, the ethnography of their own everyday seems a difficult undertaking for anthropologists, as Rob van Ginkel and the club of Annemarie Mol show. Why is this? Why this preference for the un-mundane? Some years ago, I was thinking about this in a contribution to Romantropologie Part 2 (Van der Geest 1984), in which I called the anthropologist a dramatist. This idea started during a tiny domestic conversation. My eight-year-old son was watching a TV documentary with me about a 'wild (but peaceful) tribe' in Kalimantan. After a few minutes, he asked, 'Daddy, is it a play?' I do not remember what I answered – probably something like, 'No, son, this is anthropology; this is my work'. But I should perhaps have replied: 'Yes, son, this is a kind of play'. The anthropologist looks indeed like a playwright, a narrator of tall stories.
I distinguish three ways in which anthropologists bring drama and exoticism into their work: a) through the selection of their study population, b) through the selection of topics or events in that population, and c) by raising particular questions.
About the selection of the study population: until the 1970s, anthropologists occupied themselves almost exclusively with distant peoples. There was a large dose of exoticism and adventure in this choice. The more different the society, the more interesting the research, they thought. Hunters and gatherers, secret societies, witchdoctors, and other 'traditional' people and institutions were preferred. A city population or modern elites were – especially at first – much less preferred as study subjects.
When the attention of anthropologists moved to less distant territories and even to groups within their own societies, the desire for exoticism and drama remained. Marginal people with colorful and strange behaviors became the new research field of anthropologists. Van Ginkel (1997) referred to these 'at home' ethnographies as a 'cabinet of curiosities'.
How exoticism works is strikingly expressed in a confession of Isaac Schapera (1938, 27) about his research in South Africa:
I found it difficult, when actually in the field, not to feel disappointed at having to study the religion of the Kgatla by sitting through an ordinary Dutch Reformed Church service instead of watching a heathen sacrifice to the ancestral spirits.
This marks the second type of selection: that of exciting events. Schapera's remark struck me because I recognized myself in it. During my initial research in a Ghanaian community, the Catholic Church was very present, both as building and as institution, both physically and socially. But in my ethnographic account, it remained virtually absent. I checked other African ethnographies and discovered that leaving out Christian (and other Western) phenomena was a common practice among anthropologists (Van der Geest and Kirby 1992).
As the research population becomes more familiar, the selection of dramatic or 'exciting' aspects is likely to grow. The North American sociologist Jack Douglas (1967) who studied people at a nudist beach remarked that a researcher must be a kind of detective. What really matters, he wrote, is what people try to conceal. Truth is often uncomfortable and tends to hide itself.
Again, I recognized myself. In 1980, I studied the distribution and use of pharmaceuticals in Cameroon. It was an important step towards de-exoticization, because the focus was on 'our own' pharmaceuticals and not on herbal medicines, amulets, or spiritual healing. I was particularly interested in the hidden use and the informal – often illegal – sale of these medicines in small shops and at the market. The illegal distribution included the pilfering of medicines from government stores, hospitals, and health centers. I became a kind of detective engaging in secret conversations and copying confidential reports. By doing so, I myself became a suspect. One day, the police picked me up on the street and took me to the police station for an interrogation. I enjoyed that excitement at the time.
The third kind of selection concerns the type of questions anthropologists ask. Especially where drama is not evident in the group or the subject being investigated, the choice of an exciting question about an ordinary phenomenon does the trick. A revealing discovery about things or people in our immediate environment impresses more than an exotic story from the South Pacific.
Examples of cases where such new light is shed on old familiar things abound. Institutions with a high social standing are favorite targets. An obvious example is medicine, or as some call it, the medical establishment (Illich 1977).
Research into medical practices or developments becomes dramatic when it brings to light unexpected new insights and hidden human intentions. Epidemiological data, for example, lend themselves to dramatic social or political interpretations. Disease is not an arbitrary condition caused by misfortune but rather the outcome of unhealthy work, poverty, exploitation, et cetera. Conspiracy theories present themselves: corrupt authorities, politicians with a double agenda, profit-minded manufacturers, or incapable physicians cause health problems or prevent us from receiving the medical care that we need. Microbes and viruses become political creatures. Nature's blind processes are personified.
A striking example is De depressie-epidemie (The depression epidemic) by Trudy Dehue (2008), who does not call herself an anthropologist, but whose research is a model of the anthropological approach. Dehue describes how depression is pushed as a diagnosis because the industry has an attractive antidepressant. The North American anthropologist Andrew Lakoff (2005) describes an opposite strategy in Argentina, where an economic crisis erupted around the turn of the twenty-first century. People panicked and a producer of antidepressants decided to restyle his medicine into an antipanic medicine, which was brought to the market and started a successful second life. Taking medicines – for many a daily routine, taken with breakfast and dinner – thus becomes a dramatic and controversial act.
Why is the everyday overlooked?
Why this preference for drama and exoticism and the lack of attention to ordinary everyday things? I can think of three reasons.
The first is that the ordinary is elusive, and that one only gets hold of it via the extraordinary. What is always there is hard to explain, simply because it is always there. It does not ask for an explanation. It's normal, natural. Only what is different demands an explanation. The idea of questioning the everyday hardly occurs. Only the philosopher, who never stops asking questions, questions what others take for granted: why is there not nothing? That would be much simpler. But that is not a serious question that expects an answer; it is the ultimate question that marks the limit of our thinking.
There is a convenient term in Dutch that excuses us for not thinking about the ordinary: the ordinary is 'vanzelfsprekend', speaking for itself. We don't need to speak about the ordinary because it speaks for itself. But what does it say? Nothing. It is present in silence. The Dutch philosopher Cornelis Verhoeven (1968, 7) says: 'Only the things about which we have decided not to think are ordinary'. But we have never decided not to think about the ordinary. It simply did not raise any questions; it did not invite us to speak. It is taken for granted … till someone wakes us up and convinces us that there is plenty to ask or say about the ordinary. The philosopher is such a person, one who closes their eyes and wonders about the tacit presence of the ordinary: 'Why do we find the ordinary ordinary?'
Anthropologists could arrive at the same conclusion, but by another route: by keeping their eyes wide open. Their travels have taught them that what is common in one place can be strange and extraordinary in another. This awareness raises questions about what is ordinary in their own societies. Meeting others leads to wondering about oneself. Anthropology has often been referred to as the science that shows how things can be different. The 'other' ordinary takes place before the eyes of the anthropologist when they do fieldwork away from home. One might therefore expect that wondering about one's own culture would have started early among anthropologists. But it did not, as we have seen. It became a popular catchphrase that the anthropologist makes the exotic 'normal' and the ordinary 'exotic', but implementation of the second half of this slogan was rarely achieved.
This brings me to my second point, barely different from the first: knowledge of the ordinary is allowed to remain implicit. We know it's there but we cannot grasp the experience of the ordinary in words. We believe that the ordinary can be best described through the detour of the unusual or its absence. You could call it the via negativa of knowing. Negative knowing refers to the paradox that things and people are better 'noticed' in their absence than in their presence. The loss of someone or something that we are familiar with produces more knowledge and insight than taken for granted availability. Proximity impairs our vision, absence makes us perceptive. The significance of phenomena like water, money, warmth, nature, silence, companionship, friendship, and children penetrates only when they are not there. Similarly, providing a definition of health is difficult – it has been debated for decades – but we know what disease is. If one reads how Bangladeshi women express their grief and pain about the fact that they cannot have children, one can distill from this what having a child means, without finding the exact words (Van der Geest and Nahar 2014).
Remember Augustine's over-quoted remark about time, which goes something like this: I know what time is, but if you ask me to explain it, I do not know. Because everyday experience is so ingenious and complicated, we settle for simpler words; we know that they are insufficient, but we also know that our partners have the same problem and will therefore understand. This is the dilemma of the ethnography of the everyday. And behind this dilemma lies a most remarkable paradox: anthropologists write with conviction and in clear terms about the ordinary lives of others, but dare not and cannot write about their own daily lives.
The third – somewhat banal – explanation for the preference for the unusual is that the dramatic and extraordinary fascinates and the ordinary bores. Knowledge and science flourish thanks to curiosity, but curiosity is missing when we think we know it all. The ironic result is that the party best able to describe and interpret a phenomenon, the native or insider, is the least inclined to do so. Motivation and ability work against each other. The insider allows the outsider to write and explain their experiences and feelings since they refuse to do so themselves. Or because they do not know where to start. Too much knowledge paralyzes. This leads to odd situations: hospital patients, for example, must learn from the texts of a healthy anthropologist how they feel. The proverbial 'innocent anthropologist' is almost by definition outside of their own society, because no one is an innocent [ignorant] stranger in their own home.
Unless they are a reflexive person. What I have just said about the taken-for-granted nature of the everyday can lead to wonder: why should I be surprised about the lives of others and not about that of myself? This wonder (how can it be!) raises curiosity (how can it be?). The fruits of this process are to be found in the studies and publications that I mentioned earlier, designated exceptions to a general trend. In their book on ethnography and the personal life of the ethnographer, McLean and Leibing (2007, 20) cite a statement by Schopenhauer that expresses what I think about triviality: 'The task is not so much to see what no one yet has seen, but to think what nobody yet has thought about that which everyone sees'.
The philosopher Cornelis Verhoeven was for me someone who tried to put Schopenhauer's advice into practice. What he writes in his essay on the philosophy of everyday life also applies to anthropology:
[Philosophy is] … about everyday and simple affairs … because this is the only important thing for it. … Philosophy is the art or the deviation of not settling on the first glance but dwelling on what seems simple and obvious. (1989, 91–92; my translation)
Magical realism
This brings me to 'magical realism'. I have always loved these two words, but not the art that is labeled as such. The literature and especially the painted art called 'magical realism' are realistic only in the superficial sense of the word, as are photographs taken with a flash. They show everything clearly. And they are only magical if magic means 'not true', absurd, hallucinatory, if magic is hocus pocus or the trick of a magician: a woman with a fish's head, a body made of buildings, a melting clock, a perspective that cannot be true. Magical realism and surrealism merge into one another. For me, magic is not an added action but an internal extra capacity that every object or activity has in its social situation. And it is the task of anthropology to look for it: to notice symbolism and meaning, and observe what rises above the literal bare technicality of an object or act.
I found one of the most striking examples of such magic in my medical anthropological observations, drawn from the stories that my wife Betty told me about her work at the hospital. The nurse shaking up a pillow for a patient does much more than merely making the physical conditions of the pillow more comfortable for the patient. The effect of the technical action is amplified many times due to the fact that it is much more than its technique. It expresses attention and care, brings comfort, breaks solitude, and reduces anxiety for the night. The act is magical in its technical quality (Van der Geest 1998b, 90).
This magic can be made visible through careful and attentive description of this simple act, by 'thick description' that captures the context of the act and the intentions and emotions of the characters, including the researcher. This is what I mean by ethnography as magical realism. Ethnography that manages to visualize the nuances of minor events provides a realism that is richer and more 'magical' than the magical realism of literary or art history. The chiaroscuroof Rembrandt's Homer or the somewhat awkward painting of Vincent Van Gogh's bedroom tell us much more than an overexposed picture of the magical realist school.
When I visit a museum, I am constantly struck by the fact that visual artists have always felt more attracted to everyday life than anthropologists, while the latter rather claim that culture (or habitus or second nature), the most ordinary of ordinary, is their study area. During a recent visit to the Van Gogh Museum, while I was walking around thinking about what I would say today, I saw a pair of boots, a chair with a pipe, a lonely bed, a frugal meal, peasants working on the land, an orchard, two people sleeping, a café visitor, a few houses, the starry sky, a cornfield, flowers, a flowering peach. How is it possible that painting is so much more inviting to everyday 'ethnography' than writing (and film)?
The answer lies in the medium. An interior, a landscape, or a flower lets itself best be caught in a (painted) image; words will always fall short. But words – like the sequence of film images – string together into sentences and lend themselves to the movement of stories. And stories, by definition, are about events that touch the reader or listener due to their dramatic course. One could say that the anthropologist is imprisoned in his own favorite medium.
Also in literature there are, however, exceptions. For me, the novel De avonden (The evenings) by Gerard Kornelis van het Reve (1964) is one of the highlights of what I prefer to call 'magical realism'. This accurate record of the most banal actions and conversations (and hidden thoughts) shows 'the messy reality of Dutch living rooms' (Vink 1986) and the numerous irritations that are suppressed and that sometimes erupt. The descriptions of these banal actions and conversations paint the loneliness, boredom, obsessions, and cynicism of the twenty-three-year-old protagonist Frits. The setting of these descriptions are the ordinary activities in an average Dutch household after the Second World War. Frits despises his father and feels disgusted by him. As an ethnographer, I am jealous of the way in which Van het Reve describes daily life and thus captures the deeper dimensions of the everyday. Here is a brief passage. Frits's father has just finished picking a piece of meat from a bone during the family meal.
His father pulled out his handkerchief. "Oh no," said Frits to himself. His father wiped his hands, clenched the cloth together again, but did not put it back in his pocket. "What next?" thought Frits. His father opened the handkerchief, blew his nose, carefully looked at the linen and put the handkerchief away. (1986, 171; my translation)
Malinowski (1961) speaks of imponderables: routine insignificant acts that no one comes to know through questions, but which one must observe in everyday life. These may include things such as working on the land, food, and hygiene.
As I said earlier, the meaning and significance of everyday life can be best observed in the absence thereof, in the nostalgia of the immigrant or refugee. Or in sickness. J. H. van den Berg describes this beautifully in his bestseller The Psychology of the Sickbed (1966). He wants to get up and start the day as usual but cannot. He feels weak and has a headache. He cannot take breakfast. He returns to bed. Sickness is being cut off from ordinary life. From his bed, he hears the sounds of that ordinary life: children going to school, traffic in the streets, the milkman ringing the bell.
I must stop here. But I had hoped to speak about what I call 'the solitude of anthropology': the fact that our work is little read outside of our discipline. In related disciplines such as psychology, biology, philosophical anthropology, and even historical studies one finds few traces of what anthropologists have written about ordinary life. Why is that? And I also intended to speak about the growing illegibility of many anthropological texts. It is ironic to write about everyday life in incomprehensible sentences. Clear writing is an important part of academic craftsmanship.
This was a plea for something, for an anthropology of the everyday. It was not a plea against something, certainly not against anthropology's focus on tragic events and people in jeopardy, not even against the exotic, which is indispensable for reflecting on our own culture, our second nature. If we succeed in designating and disentangling the exotic of our own ordinary life, our publications – particularly in medical anthropology – will be even more exciting than before. Moreover, we will be useful and relevant, not only for policymakers, politicians, or action groups, but also for colleagues in other disciplines who are interested in the same everyday experiences.
Medical anthropology
This is the end of the lecture, but you must allow me to say a few words about medical anthropology. I explained at the beginning why I prefer to speak about anthropology in general, but I cannot conclude without returning to the specialization for which I was appointed as a professor twenty years ago. During these twenty years, medical anthropology has grown incredibly, both in terms of quality and quantity, certainly at the University of Amsterdam. This success is not due to me but to the zeitgeist and the enthusiasm and expertise of colleagues who were real colleagues.
Mentioning names is dangerous; where do you stop? But it would be unjust not to mention the first pioneers from the days when we still had a living room model and ate our lunch together in the secretariat. Klaas van der Veen – unfortunately absent due to his poor health – was my colleague with whom I set up the first course in medical anthropology. That course produced part of the new generation, including Anita Hardon. Anita is doubtless the one who made medical anthropology in Amsterdam big. She possesses three qualities that explain this success: she is a productive scientist, a highly efficient manager, and a smart fundraiser. Three qualities that are indispensable today for becoming a professor, but few have them in such abundance as Anita. Ria Reis is another pioneer who knows how to combine academic work and management and to enjoy both. To her we owe the internationally acclaimed AMMA (Amsterdam Master's of Medical Anthropology) program, which has meant a lot to me personally. The fourth pioneer was Els van Dongen who – unlike Anita and Ria – hated administration and meetings but was loved by students for her riveting lectures. Els unfortunately died much too early, but for what she did in her short life others – definitely I – would need one hundred years.
And here I stop mentioning names, because the number of colleagues who in the last ten to fifteen years have contributed to the success of medical anthropology is far too large to mention. Of course, I have some preferences, but I keep them here [hand on heart]. Anyway, these colleagues know how much I admire and appreciate them.
My thirty-five PhD students have always been a source of happiness and gratitude. That also applies to the few who sometimes drove me mad. Working together over the course of four years on a research project is a privilege and an enormous inspiration. In several cases, this has led to lasting friendships, also with those who returned to their own universities in Africa and Asia. I thank them for a wonderful time and wish them as much luck as I have had in the past years.
Saying goodbye is painful if what you have tried to build up will be thrown into the wastebasket after your departure, as happened to Mr. Schmidt (Jack Nicholson) in the movie About Schmidt. The morning after the farewell party, he looks in the mirror and wonders: 'Did I make a difference? Or could I just as well not have existed?' The assurance of continuity on the other hand is a wonderful feeling and makes a farewell party a real feast. I have been lucky. What is happening today in medical anthropology in Amsterdam is more and better than I ever could have imagined.
One example of continuity that has made me particularly happy is the re-launch of the journal Medische Antropologie, under a new name and in a new form. For twenty-four years, I was the editor of that journal together with a variety of great colleagues (editors, secretaries, and a loyal publisher)[note 3]More on the history of the journal Medische Antropologie in Van der Geest et al. 2012.
, some of whom are present here. I thank them all from the bottom of my heart for the many years of unpaid enthusiasm. I also thank the editors of the new journal MAT (Medicine Anthropology Theory) for the re-launch.
Finally, I thank all those who accompanied me on the journey of my life as an anthropologist: my family and friends, colleagues (in the Netherlands and abroad), students (some of whom taught me more than I taught them), my own teachers (in theology, philosophy, and anthropology), co-researchers and research assistants, and the people who were so kind to participate in my research in Ghana, Cameroon, and elsewhere. According to a Ghanaian proverb, 'Everything that comes from a person you love is worthwhile'. To all of you: farewell and best wishes.
Dehue, Trudy. 2008. De depressie-epidemie. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Augustus.
De Jonge, Huub, ed. 1997. Ons soort mensen: Levensstijlen in Nederland. Nijmegen: SUN.
De Regt, Ali. 1993. Geld en gezin: Financiële en emotionele relaties tussen gezinsleden. Amsterdam: Boom.
Douglas, Jack D. 1976. Investigative Social Research: Individual and Team Field Research. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Illich, Ivan. 1977. Limits to Medicine: Medical Nemesis, The Expropriation of Health. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Lakoff, Andrew. 2005. Pharmaceutical Reason: Knowledge and Value in Global Psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MacClancy, Jeremy, ed. 2002. Exotic No More: Anthropology on the Front Lines. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Malinowski, Bronislaw. (1922) 1961. Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagos of Melanesian New Guinea. New York: Dutton.
McLean, Athena, and Annette Leibing. 2007. The Shadow Side of Fieldwork: Exploring the Borders between Ethnography and Life. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
Nijhof, Gerhard. 2001. Ziekenwerk: Een kleine sociologie van alledaags ziekenleven. Amsterdam: Aksant.
Nijhof, Gerhard. 2011. 'Over problemen met het ongewone: De verstarde gezichtsexpressie van mensen met ziekte van Parkinson als voorbeeld'. Medische Antropologie 23, no. 2: 325–41.
Van den Berg, Jan Hendrik. 1966. The Psychology of the Sickbed. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
Van der Geest, Sjaak. 1984. 'De antropoloog als toneelschrijver'. In Romantropologie, Part II, edited by Jojada Verrips, Jan van Bremen, and Sjaak van der Geest, 45–87. Amsterdam: Antropologisch Sociologisch Centrum.
Van der Geest, Sjaak. 1998a. 'Akan Shit: Getting Rid of Dirt in Ghana'. Anthropology Today 14, no. 3: 8–12. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2783049.
Van der Geest, Sjaak. 1998b. 'Spirituele genezing: Een soort pleonasme'. In Religie tussen therapie en trauma: Over spirituele genezing, edited by Bart Voorsluis, 77–96. Zoetermeer: Meinema.
Van der Geest, Sjaak, René Devisch, Eileen Moyer, and Vinh-Kim Nguyen. 2012. 'Preface/Postface: "Medische Antropologie" 1989–2012'. Medische Antropologie 24, no. 2: 257–63.
Van der Geest, Sjaak, and Jon P. Kirby. 1992. 'The Absence of the Missionary in African Ethnography, 1930–1965'. African Studies Review 35, no. 3: 59–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525128.
Van der Geest, Sjaak, and Papreen Nahar. 2014. 'Understanding Life through Unwanted Childlessness: Ethnography and Fiction from Ghana, Bangladesh and "Dystopia'''. Anthropology Today 29, no. 3: 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12027.
Van Ginkel, Rob. 1997. Notities over Nederlanders: Antropologische reflecties. Amsterdam: Boom.
Van Ginkel, Rob. 1998. 'The Repatriation of Anthropology: Some Observations on Endo-Ethnography'. Anthropology & Medicine 5, no. 3: 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13648470.1998.9964562.
Van het Reve, Gerard Kornelis. 1964. De avonden. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij.
Verhoeven, Cornelis. 1968. Omzien naar het heden. Utrecht: Amboboeken.
Verhoeven, Cornelis. 1989. Een velijnen blad: Essays over aandacht en achterdocht. Baarn: Ambo.
Verrips, Jojada. 1977. En boven de polder de hemel: Een antropologische studie van een Nederlands dorp 1850–1971. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.
Vink, A. 1986. 'Het aristokratisch individualisme van Anna Blaman'. De Groene Amsterdammer, 1 January.


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Trishna London
Time Out says
Gaining its first Michelin star in 2012, Trishna London is a world away from the shabby interior of its sister restaurant in Mumbai. This contemporary-looking eaterie is smart and quietly conservative, its dining room barely distinguishable from those of its Marylebone neighbours save for the retro Air India prints on the walls.
The Mumbai original is known for its focus on seafood, but here equal prominence is given to meat and vegetarian dishes. An Indian twist on a British classic, Trishna fish and chips was let down by under-seasoned fish, but a main-course sized starter of a typical Indian snack, aloo chat (a sweet and sour blend of potato, chickpeas, tamarind, yoghurt, shallots and chilli), was the best dish by far.
To follow, guinea fowl 'tikka' was tender and smothered in a rich marinade of yoghurt, fennel and star anise with a gentle kick of chilli. For pudding, perfectly crisp, dinky sweet filo parcels styled as 'samosas' gave way to a nutty coconut and mango filling, accompanied by a feather-light lychee ice-cream. Portion sizes overcame us, but staff happily packed up leftovers to take home. The early-evening menu is fantastic value at £25 for four courses.
15-17 Blandford Street
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Users say (12)
Average User Rating
3.6 / 5
Rating Breakdown
- 5 star:5
- 4 star:4
- 3 star:1
- 2 star:0
- 1 star:3
Trishna Restaurant.I must write to relate the most awful of restaurant experiences that I have ever encountered in my twenty plus years of dining out! . To cut to the chase the experience was so bad that we had to leave. We made a booking for 7 pm. We were called at 5.45pm to let us know that we would have to vacate the table by 8.15pm. We accepted the offer of an earlier table at 6.30pm. On announcing our arrival to the maître 'd we were asked to come back in 10 minutes while they were setting the table. To be clear, although a little awkward, there was nothing unpleasant about this interaction. We opted for the 5 course tasting menu. From this point the experience degenerated markedly. Our waiter, in sommeliers attire, had an attitude of a disgruntled school boy who was doing us a favour by serving us in his off hand and frankly rude way.The waiter told us that he would bring some papads for the table. We politely replied that we did not want papads. Papads arrived and we were told rudely, that he did not order the papads but the chef had sent them any way. We were also told that we could eat them if we want. Before we had a chance to reply he had left them on the table and walked off. Next we were choosing a wine we asked about a particular wine to be told rudely 'what do you want to know about it?' His whole attitude was rude. This was very unpleasant. We chose to ignore this and ordered. The wine arrived and said waiter gruffly presented the wine to my partner – making no eye contact with her and in fact looking at me. He then roughly poured the wine into my glass presumably to taste, made no sign or sound. There was no 'service ' from this waiter. The idea of customer service was completely off the menu. I felt like I was being served gruel in a Siberian prison by a guard. We had ignored this man's rudeness and lack of service thus far in the vague hope that it would pass or settle down to a tolerable level. But no it was simply becoming intolerable.I told him that he was lacking in any kind of service.He simply argued that he was right, criticised my use of language. He continued to insult me and told me that I should leave my problems and not take them out on him. I felt it was rather the other way around. We asked to speak to the manager, to which he replied, unconvincingly that he was the manager. He told me that he would not be spoken to by me, the customer, and if I didn't like it I could leave. We had come out for a nice meal, not to be dealt with rudely and in an off hand manner. We left.I cannot emphasise what an unpalatable experience this was. This waiter really made us unwelcome and unserved.We never made it as far as the main course. Please do not patronise bad restaurants such as this one. There are many good restaurants that you should try instead with impeccable service.
Third and last time dining here. As before, the food was very good and the service gracious until the tea, if oddly slow coursing. We had the five-course dinner, which took nearly 2 1/2 hours to finish; we are not particularly slow eaters and there were long periods between courses. An adjacent table which also ordered the five-course dinner ordered after us but finished while we were eating our main. Following dessert, the served ask if we'd like tea. My husband requested tea. As soon as the tea was placed in front of him, the manager came over and told him that the next party had arrived and needed their table immediately. The manager did not say please, thank you, sorry, my fault, hello...or make any evenly vaguely polite. Nor had we nor seemingly the servers been advised that the table had to be vacated, else we or the server might have thought to look at the time before the manager ordered us out. As it was, my husband gulped his tea, paid, and we hustled out in record time--5 minutes. The manager had the table by two minutes past the hour. We would have been shocked to be treated in so poorly in any restaurant, much less a 1-star Michelin restaurant. Fortunately, there are many London Indian restaurants (Jamavar, Dishoom, Amaya etc) that are as good or better AND are well-managed.
We had dinner at your restaurant last night and found your level of customer interaction at best tepid and really in poor form. The two rather elaborately dressed gents at the door who we took to be owners could not give a toss when we arrived - not even bothering a smile or even engaging us with any level of common courtesy. The food was average and we left with - why did we even bother to go out to an average restaurant manned by 2 clownish looking gents who we felt that it was beneath them to serve customers. There are better Indian restaurants in London at a fraction of the price run by well mannered people- in short don't bother with TRISHNA, 15-17 Blandford Street, Marylebone
Delicious food, staff very friendly and fast, try the tea for dessert!
Went here last night with two friends and the food was absolutely delicious. The staff were friendly, kind and didn't mind that we were there for the cheaper early evening menu (available to order between 6.00-6.15 on a Thursday evening and varying times on other days - see their website). The wine waiter helped us find a reasonable bottle of wine and they didn't hurry us from the table. It is rare to taste Indian food of this quality in London with such nice staff and a friendly atmosphere.
Simply the best Indian food in London. Whether you prefer Lahore in east London or Benares in the west end I recommend you try this place. The staff are very helpful and the food is great. Highlights are the lamb, guinea fowl and duck. This is proper Indian food!
I had organised a birthday dinner for 10 friends of mine yesterday. The restaurant looks very modern; hard to tell the cuisine is Indian. Good atmosphere and I have to say the food was very good. It's more refined, but still VERY GOOD Indian. Service could be slightly better. Highly recommended.
Good food from the Lunch Bites menu. The sommelier matched the wine flight very well to our food choices. The seafood salad was particularly good. I would return but for two points. Our waiter didn't clear away our finished meal until we had finished our wine - 20 mins with the leftovers still on the table wasn't great. Also, the "discretionary" service charge was actually obligatory; I wanted to leave a tip, in cash, but not the prescribed 12.5% as I felt the service did not warrant it. Although we asked the service charge to be removed from the bill and I would leave a separate tip. The waiter said it wasn't possible, and to cap it all when I paid on card I was prompted to leave a tip!! Nice for a one-off but I doubt I'll go back.
super food, super service, fantastic wines! will be visiting again and recommending to all.
We visited Trishna on a Saturday evening. It was very busy and lively but the service was exceptionally quick and our waiter was very attentive and friendly. We had the tasting menu which was a fantastic choice and the wine which our waiter helped us choose was a fantastic compliment to the dishes. A thoroughly enjoyable evening. We will be going back ASAP!!


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Degree Type
Date of Award
Degree Name
Master of Science
Electrical and Computer Engineering
First Advisor
Masha Sosonkina
Second Advisor
Zhao Zhang
Quantum chemistry applications such as General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System(GAMESS) that can execute on a complex peta-scale parallel computing environment have a large number of input parameters that affect the overall performance. The application characteristics vary according to the input parameters. This is due to the difference in the usage of resources like network bandwidth, I/O and main memory according to the input parameters. Effective execution of applications in a parallel computing environment that share such resources require some sort of adaptive mechanism to enable efficient usage of these resources. The adaptation adjusts the most computationally intensive part of the application thus leading to sizable gains. General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS), used for ab-initio molecular quantum chemistry calculations, utilizes NICAN (Network Information Conveyer and Application Notification) for dynamically making adaptations so as to improve the application performance in heavy load conditions. The adaptation mechanism has the ability to modify the application execution in a very simplistic yet effective manner. In this work, we have explored methods to expand the structure of NICAN in order to include other input parameters based on which the application performance can be controlled. The application performance has been analyzed on different architectures to otain fine grained performance data and a tuning strategy has been identified. A generic database framework has been incorporated in the existing NICAN mechanism.
Copyright Owner
Lakshminarasimhan Seshagiri
Copyright Date
Date Available
File Format
File Size
53 pages
Recommended Citation
Seshagiri, Lakshminarasimhan, "Performance analysis and middleware assisted adaptation for quantum chemistry computations" (2009). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 11080.


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Scrabble & Words with Friends Word Unscrambler
Definition of Affairs
2 Definitions of Affairs
The definition of affairs, the meaning of word Affairs
Is affairs a scrabble word? Yes!
- n.- matters of personal concern
- n.- transactions of professional or public interest
2 Synonyms of Affairs
Affairs is worth 13 points in Words with Friends and 13 points in Words with Friends
There are 7 letters in affairs: A A F F I R S


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The Best Songs Ft. French Montana
List Rules Upvote the greatest songs that feature French Montana.
These are the best songs featuring French Montana. As a solo artist, French Montana has won awards (BET Hip Hop Award for Best Club Banger), released top ten singles ("Unforgettable," "Moses") and sold multi platinum albums (Excuse My French), so it's not surprising to see French Montana features top music charts. What are the best French Montana collabs?
Including songs like "All the Way Up" and "Stay Schemin'," this list of songs featuring French Montana as guest artist consists of radio hits, number ones, and less popular tracks. Fans can decide how to rank French Montana's collaborations with Drake, Fat Joe, DJ Khaled, and more.
Vote up your favorite songs that feature French Montana, and let's see what the best French Montana collaborations are.


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Installing a Large 128Gb+ Hard Disk in the Mac G4 Cube
I've been running my G4 cube with a large hard drive since just after I bought it in May, 2005. I thought it was time to show you the quickest way to replace the drive in 10 minutes, without any major disassembly.
The Cube is a product of its day and I've had mixed results with high capacity drives in my Cube, including drives that "should work".
Firstly, bear in mind that if your drive is larger than 128Go (A Go "Giga Octet" is the new way of saying GB when you mean 1024x1024x1024 bytes rather than 1,000,000,000 bytes that the drive manufacturers use to inflate their drive sizes 128Go is about 132GB) , you'll need to purchase the
Intech ATA Hi Capacity Driver for Mac OS X
Or else your computer will only recognise the first 128Go, regardless of the drive size. I'll discuss this in a later post.
Update: You can use an Open Firmware hack to achieve the same thing. Read here.
You'll need a set of Torx drivers for the star shaped "security" screws. Sizes T8, T10 and T12 should do the trick. You will also need a medium sized pair of pliers for some minor and painless case modifications.
Opening the case:
First make sure you have the fan, the torx drivers and enough room to work on, i.e. a flat, clear surface within easy reaching distance.
- Unplug the Cube and invert it. Take care not to scratch the machine's plastic case. I inverted mine onto a pillow.
- Push the rectangular, inset bar located on the upturned base in firmly, until you hear it click. Now release it. The handle should pop out.
- Use the handle to lift the chassis out of the upturned case. If this is the first time it has been removed, it might take a little teasing to get things moving.
- Lift the chassis out vertically, taking care not to scratch the insides of the case with the metal corners of the chassis. The chassis has no sharp corners so this is not a serious issue. Still, it would be a shame to scratch it.
- Now place the chassis down on a flat, clear surface. Take care not to damage the sensor on the top of the unit (probably facing downwards since it's the side opposite the handle).
- Push the handle in all the way and let go. It should stay in place.
- Turn the case, so that the sensor is now facing upwards.
- Locate and remove the three Torx bolts which hold the drive hatsink in place as shown above. Note that the bolts are captive, and as such do not actually come out. This is a great Apple design point, since it stops the bolts from falling into the machine!
- Now lift out the heat sink itself.
- Locate the airport card flap on the side of the unit.
- Open the Airport door. It will swing out. Don't worry, it's well hinged and won't fall off!
- Remove the drive power connector – Mine was stuck firmly and required pliers to release it!
- Now remove the ATA connector.
- The drive should now slide out from the opposite side of the chassis.
- Remove the guide rail from the side of the drive.
- Don't forget the plastic drive guide rail
- Slide the drive back in.
- (Optional) You may want to coat both sides of the three steel posts which hold the drive with a drop or two of heatsink compound, since new drives run much hotter than the old 20GB drive that was in there and every bit of cooling will help.
- Replace the bolts which hold the heatsink.
- Replace the data and power connectors.
- Close the Airport card door. Make sure the airport antenna cable is taped firmly to the door if you don't have an Airport card installed.
- Put chassis back in case, connect and power up.
December 1, 2008 at 10:44 am
hmmm jks lolz0rz almost scratched my cash and lost the guide rail but yeah worked for me thx


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Android Chief Andy Rubin will steps down from his post
Andy Rubin the chief of Android will be stepping down from his post and will be replaced by Sundar Pichai. Larry Page, Google's CEO announced and confirmed this news on the company's blog.
The reasons behind Andy Rubin dropping his duties as Android chief have not yet been confirmed as Larry Page fails to comment on the matter. However Andy Rubin was assigned to a different Google project that also has not yet been disclosed. Sundar Pachai who has been in correlation with the The Google Chrome and Apps project, will take the charge in leading Android as it's chief.
The Google Chrome and Apps project which consists of many factors such as Gmail, the Chrome internet browser, Calendar, Docs, Drive, and the operating system is being led by Sundar Pachai. Thus by taking on the added job of being Androids chief, he will have his work cut out for him.
The statistics of Androids relationship with Google have been more than just good, considering the 60 manufacturers Android has provided to Google, and the 750 million devices out of which 900 thousand are being used on a daily basis. Andy Rubin had taken good care of Android, with almost 25 billion apps being downloaded by users, he now leaves it in capable hands.


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Come along and learn the art of beautiful hand-lettering. This workshop is suitable for anyone wanting to learn how to use traditional pen and ink with a contemporary flourish.
We will go through the basics of the pen strokes before working through each of the letter forms and learning how to join it all together to create words in your own modern italic script.
All materials will be provided for you to use on the day, and you will take your kit home with you so you can carry on practising! (Includes nib, pen holder, letter reference sheets and a pot of ink)
Tutor: Tamsin Shearn
Tickets: £30.50; £25.50 concs.
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Why You Need a Pressure Washer
There are a lot of really wonderful cleaning devices out there that you can go and get to clean up your place but if you are not sure which cleaning device is good for you, we are going to help you find one. There are a lot of cleaning devices out there but if you have never heard of the power washer before, you are really going to love it. What exactly is this power washer and why is it so beneficial to you? This power washer is a high pressurized washer that can really clean almost anything that is dirty at your place. If you would like to know more about what this wonderful power washer can do for you, just keep on reading down below.
Cleaning will never be the same when you have these pressure washers with you as they will really make cleaning things up so much easier and so much more fun as well. If you do not have this wonderful power washer, you are really going to spend a longer time cleaning your place up but if you get this pressure washer, you will spend less time doing the cleaning which is probably something that you really want. With these pressure washers, they can easily clean up a whole place for you in just a few sprays of water. What a wonderful cleaning devices this is indeed and if you have never heard of these things before, you now know that they exist out there. Get your very own pressure washer today and cleaning will be so much better and so much easier for you to do.
If you are someone who has a lot of things to clean but you can not really get to clean them all because they are very hard to reach and they are really small parts that you can not really fit your cleaning clothes into, these pressure washers are the perfect cleaning devices for these things. These pressure washers are really perfect for cleaning those hard to reach areas because they really designed for these things. With a pressure washer, you can easily spray these hard to reach areas and they can really remove the dirt and the dust from those places which is something that is really great. These pressure washers are really easy to use and they are also really very easy to keep once you are done using them. There are so many more benefits that you can get from those pressure washers out there and if you would like to know more and if you would like to learn more about them, you can always look for more articles that talk about these wonderful pressure washers. Get your very own pressure washer today and you will not regret it.
The Essential Laws of Exteriors Explained


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Is Rick the New Shane?:It's been interesting to watch how all of these characters seem to take turns being either the voice of reason or the hard-liner. In "Crossed" Daryl was tasked with pulling Rick back from taking a violent and brutal course of action in order to rescue Carol and Beth. In the episode prior, he'd stopped Carol from shooting Noah. While Rick and Carol now seem to have come to an understanding about just how ruthless one must be in this world, Daryl is becoming an advocate for caution and restraint.
"That's the journey of these characters," Hurd said when asked if we can expect this to become the crux the dynamic between Daryl and Rick. With Daryl as the character who says, 'Maybe we don't have to be so violent.' "They're changed by what has happened to them and what they've had to do," the producer added. "At this point I think Rick is like, 'I've been giving people the benefit of the doubt for a very long time, and look how it's turned out.'"
A fair point.
"It's funny," Hurd reflected. "Because of course it was Shane's position in the first and second seasons: you do what you need to do to protect your family. Daryl I think at this point doesn't want to see Rick become unrelentingly brutal."
Andrew Lincoln said that he felt that Rick and Shane would have come to an accord by now during The Walking Dead NYCC panel, and it does feel that way.
"Yes," the producer confirmed when asked if it seemed that way to her. "I think that's exemplified by these kinds of actions."
The Stars of the Walking Dead Tease the Season Ahead
Why Did Sasha DO that?:To Rick's point, it's not only a impossible to trust strangers, but it's a challenge to trust your own people not to make stupid mistakes that make everyone vulnerable. Sasha's decision at the close of the episode to not only untie their prisoner, but lead him to a window and turn her back to him was somewhat shocking given what she's been through recently, and what they've learned about people who appear to be benevolent on the exterior."I think what she's trying to do is embody all that was good in Bob," Hurd said when asked if a character would allow themselves to become that vulnerable at this stage. "His death essentially would have been in vain if she hadn't taken something from that. All of their last moments together as he was dying were really about that. He'd really traveled so far from someone who didn't want to connect with people and felt that whenever he joined a group he was almost an unlucky charm in that he would be the last one standing. And yet he was able, with their relationship, to get through that. I think he wanted that to be his legacy to her."
As a viewer, one often finds themselves shouting "What are you doing!?!" at the screen in moments when a character makes a critical error, as Sasha did.
"I know, I know, I know," Hurd laughed in agreement. "But he really knew how to play her like a violin, because if you find that someone does have compassion and wants to do the right thing, that makes that person vulnerable. But at the same time, without that, you've lost your humanity completely."
The Walking Dead: "Crossed" Review
Would Abraham Be Justified if He'd Killed Eugene?:For many viewers, one of the most entertaining aspects of The Walking Dead is playing the "I judge your zombie apocalypse" game. In other words, we ask ourselves if the characters have made the right decisions and challenge ourselves to figure out what we would do in a similar situation. That's one of the reasons that the Telltale Walking Dead games have been/were embraced by fans.
When Abraham nearly killed Eugene upon the discovery that he'd been lying about a cure, some may have found his actions to be justified. Eugene had selfishly gotten several people killed on a wild goose chase and given others false hope when they could have been looking for another way to survive.
"I think at that point you have become no better than the hunters," Hurd reflected when asked if Abraham's actions were to some degree understandable. "Eugene didn't personally pull the trigger. He had a different approach to self-preservation, and yes, it certainly had terrible consequences. But that's what happens to cowards, is that they don't step up; they lie. They let other people fight their battles for them. At the same time, does a coward deserve to die in cold blood? That's I think when you cross the line into -- given Abraham's history of violence and the fact that his wife took their kids away from him, even though he was avenging what happened to them, shows that there would have been no purpose had he succeeded."
Dr. Eugene talks about Season 5 & attending a "death dinner" for a beloved character in the video below...who could it be?Stay tuned for more from our conversation with Hurd.
Roth Cornet is an Entertainment Editor for IGN. You can follow her on Twitter at @RothCornet and IGN at Roth-IGN.


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Hundreds of area ministers call for churches to combat racism and anti-Semitism
8/25/2017, 6:37 p.m.
By Ronald E. Carrington
Several hundred Richmond area pastors and ministers came together Monday in an unprecedented display of unity to reject white supremacy and to affirm that every human being is created equally.
At a news conference held at the Maggie L. Walker Plaza at Broad and Adams streets in Downtown, Pastor Corey Widmer of Third Church in Henrico County and David Bailey, executive director of Arrabon, an organization that provides cultural training for churches and organizations, called on churches to combat racism, anti-Semitism and white supremacy through dialogue with their churches and interactions with diverse people.
A unity statement, circulated by the pair on Friday in response to the events in Charlottesville, garnered the signatures of more than 600 Richmond area faith leaders within 72 hours. The statement was presented to the public Monday at the outdoor news conference.
"We want every person in our city, our commonwealth and our nation to know that the church in Richmond is united in rejecting the ideology of white supremacy, including anti-Semitism," said Pastor Widner. "We recognize the ways the church, especially the white church, has failed to do this in the past, and we humbly repent for the sin.
"We wanted to be unequivocal about what we believe the Bible in the Church of Jesus Christ stands for," he continued, so the unity statement was penned and signed by ministers from many Christian faiths.
The statement reads in part, "We reject the ideology of white supremacy, including anti-Semitism, as an unqualified evil, a denunciation of the gospel, and a heresay which wars against God's design for human culture and creation. We reject the notion that white people, or any collection of humans of any culture, are superior to any other …
"We repent because Christians have played a major role in helping create the segregation and racial injustice that we see in our city and nation today. We repent of our own racism, fear, and hatred, both conscious and unconscious …
"We resolve to preach, teach, and advocate against the sins of racism. We resolve to lead in the way of love, and to seek ways to heal the divisions that separate races and cultures in our city. We resolve to listen to those who have been wounded and dehumanized by racism. We resolve to pray fervently for God's healing and reconciliation. We resolve to help our churches become more hospitable and welcoming communities to diverse people."
Mr. Bailey said after the news conference the occasion speaks to the need for unity among people of all races.
"We have a tremendous opportunity in my generation — the first generations of black people to be born with full rights — to be able to not only heal our own community, but to help with the healing of our country and nation," he said.
The ministers' message resonated with faith leaders outside Virginia, at least one of whom attended Monday's event.
"We have to take our communities back," said Dr. Steve Lewis, dean of the Breakthrough Bible College in Temple Hills, Md. "I know we can stand together as neighbors, which is one of the commandments that Jesus Christ came and gave us — love the one true God then love your neighbor as you love yourself."


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About Us
Juniata County School District is integrating technology with education in hopes for creating a brighter future. Currently the district is composed of 11 schools – 2 senior high schools, 1 junior high school and 8 elementary schools. There are approximately 2,914 students, 220 faculty, 200 support staff and over 1200 computers.
The secondary schools contain 3 fixed computer labs – each containing 30 student computers and 1-5 computers in each classroom. The elementary schools contain up to 5 or 6 computers in each classroom. All schools connect via fiber to the central office building. All elementary schools in the district have 2 wireless mobile labs with 15 laptops each, and the secondary schools have 2 wireless mobile labs with 30 laptops each.
In early April of 2012, our technology department was outsourced to a company out of Harrisburg called Higher Information Group. We have four technicians from Higher Information Group stationed in the School District for the 2016-17 school year.


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According to recent plans announced by the government, councils will be forced to make land available for self builders. Government will also be keeping track of the proposal's progress with their frequently-updated Right to Build Hub.
'Right to Build', the new land release scheme is targeted at individual self builders and enables them to gain access to council-owned land, which would be provided as viable, serviced building plots.
Self builders, who feel they are not being provided with sufficient opportunity or land for self build schemes, will be able to officially challenge councils to do so. In addition it will be the local authority's legal duty to provide suitable plots.
While over 5,000 serviced plots have been released, the participation of many local authorities remains inadequate. The government is therefore intervening in order to provide self builders with more power.
How Right to Build will work
The details of the scheme are vague at present; however here is some insight as to how the scheme will function:
- The policy may come into action before the end of this term, or it might be postponed until after the 2015 elections have taken place.
- Anyone with a local connection will be entitled to demand the purchase of a plot of land on which to build their own home.
- Councils will have a legal obligation to provide that land; and it will most likely have to be 'serviced' (i.e. have water, electricity and heating connections on site)
- Any money made by the council through the sale of the land will be available to reinvest in new sites.
- The scheme will presumably be pushed out through 'vanguard' councils – who will be among the first to access the new £150m custom build fund intended to release 10,000 service plots.
- Once the full scheme is launched, councils who that fail to co-operate may face having land seized from them via the Homes & Communities Agency. They may also suffer funding cuts, such as being frozen out of the new homes bonus.
Governments Opinion
In a recent speech during National Custom & Self Build Week, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Eric Pickles said:
"Home ownership is held up as the ultimate aspiration, but just imagine stepping over the doorstep of a home you've designed for yourself. There are over 6 million of us with a dream of building our own home. Our £150 million budget boost to self-builders will turn your vision into bricks and mortar. The Right to Build scheme will provide the solid foundation for grand design dreams, unlick council and other land as a right, rather than a request, to help self builders secure their desired plot."
Planning minister Nick Boles has also put across the case for Right to Build. Speaking at the All Party Parliamentary Group in March, he said:
"We want to convert the urge to assess into a crystal clear demand for self build, and establish a waiting list of self builders as popular and well-known as the social housing list. We want a vanguard of local councils who will be front-runners for the Right to Build. If local councils do this, we will help them identify land and use the £150m fund to service plots. "
Speaking more recently during National Custom & Self Build Week, Boles said:
"Custom building a house can be a cheaper way to provide a home for you and your family and I want to see many more people making use of it. It has got to be a legal right to get a plot of land to build your house. We need lots more people out there saying 'it's my land, give it to me – and I will sue you if you don't'. This Right to Build, if it were introduced, would be a statutory right that citizens have if they have a local connection to a place."


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Marc Davis is a fine art photographer specializing in landscapes of California and the Southwest. You might find his photography on exhibition at some of the following places: Firehouse Arts Center / Harrington Gallery, California State Fair, New Britain Museum of American Art, Alameda County Fair, Livermore Public Library, local wineries, the Bankhead Theater / Bothwell Arts Center, Bagel Street Cafe in Blackhawk, First Street Ale House, Dougherty Station Art Gallery, as well as various other businesses and publications throughout the San Francisco Bay Area.
In December 2011, after winning the California Shines Contest, "Granite Ablaze" went on permanent display in a gallery at the U.S. Forest Service Building in Washington, DC.


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I never used to like olives. All of the olives I saw growing up were the black ones from the cans. I remember putting the whole pitted olives on my five fingers, playing, and then putting them back because they were yucky. My dad ate the green ones with the pimentos from the jars. I didn't like those either.
But now my world has opened up! I love olives. Purple ones, green ones, black ones, ones with lemon, ones with garlic, ones with hot spices–they all are scrumptious. I am always drawn to the purple ones for some reason. I bought the above ones from a little store that is about a 5 minute walk from our house. It cost me about 50 cents or so.
There is a small cost to enjoying all of these delicious Moroccan olives. Guess what it is? The olive blossoms in April and May can produce some really difficult allergy symptoms. Right now we aren't close to any trees but in our first apartment they were surrounding our windows. I remember feeling like the air was poison, as I reached for the inhaler. Thankfully, this year hasn't been overly bad. And thankfully, those trees produce good things.


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