text:
Nicaragua has likely been occupied by humans since sometime around 18,000 BC. In Managua the traces of human inhabitation exist in well-preserved human footprints from the year 4,000 BC at the Las Huellas Museum. Ceramic evidence of organized settlement in Nicaragua begins around 1,500-1,000 BC and is prevalent in many areas of the Pacific. Nicaragua received migrations from both north and south until the first arrival of the Spanish explorers in 1523.
Southern migrants may have occupied the entire country until the arrival of the more sophisticated Mangue speaking Chorotegas from central Mexico around 750 AD displaced them to the east of the great lakes.
The Chorotegas were then partially dispersed by another wave of migrants in the form of the Nicaraguas, whose final migration from Mexico to Nicaragua and the shores of Lake Nicaragua occurred just 150-200 years before the arrival of the Spanish. They spoke Náhuat (a rustic version of the Aztec language Náhuatl), which would become the lingua franca for the indigenous people after the conquest and may have already been widely used for trading in the region before the arrival of the first Europeans. Also arriving from the north were the Maribios, very similar to Hokano speakers in California and Baja Mexico, and theorized to have migrated from that area. They populated the western slope of what is today the Maribios Volcanic range, in northwestern Nicaragua.
The Nicaraguas and Chorotegas were very successful societies that sat in the middle of a trade route that stretched as far north as Mexico and south to Peru.
At the time of the conquest the eastside of the great lakes was home to cultures of South American origin. It is believed that the northern migrations of the people found in central and eastern Nicaragua at the time of the conquest began around 3,000 BC. The Chontales and Matagalpas may have been of the same language root (Chibcha) as the Caribbean basin Rama, Sumu and Miskito cultures.
The Miskito may be the descendants of the original inhabitants of the Pacific that lost in wars to the invading tribes of Chorotegas in the 9th century. The only indigenous languages still spoken in Nicaragua are of the Miskito, Sumu and Rama, with the latter in threat of extinction. The Chontales appear to have been the most developed of the group, though sadly little is known about their culture, despite ample and impressive archaeological evidence.
Colonial Period
Christopher Columbus sailed the Caribbean shores of Nicaragua in 1502 on his fourth and final voyage and took refuge from a nasty storm in Cabo Gracias a Dios (Cape Thank God) as he dubbed it and it remains today.
The Spanish explorer Gil González Dávila sailed from Panama to the Gulf of Nicoya and then traveled overland to the western shores of Lake Nicaragua to met the famous Nicaraguas tribe chief, Niqueragua, in April of 1523. After the conversion of 917 Nicaraguas elite to Christianity, González Dávila left with a fair amount of gold and traveled further north before being chased out of the area by a surprise attack of Chorotega warriors' lead by legendary chieftain, Diriangén.
In 1524, an army of 229 men lead by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba overcame the local populace and founded the cities of Granada and León on the shores of Lake Nicaragua and Lake Managua respectively. Nueva Segovia was founded in (or before) 1543 to try and capitalize on mineral resources in the northern mountains. The Indian population and mineral resources where quickly exhausted and many of the Spanish left Nicaragua, looking for greener pastures.
The ones that stayed on became involved in agriculture. Cattle were introduced and cacao production was continued. Indigo was the other principle crop along with some trade in wood. The beef, leather and indigo were exported to Guatemala, the cacao to El Salvador. There was also a heavy commercial route between Granada and the Caribbean colonial states via the Río San Juan and trade between Nicaragua and Peru. Granada became much wealthier thanks to its advantageous position in these international trade routes, but administrative and church authority remained in León, creating a rivalry that would explode after independence from Spain. During the 17th century Nicaragua was victim of multiple attacks from Dutch, French and British pirates as well as two attacks by the British Navy in the 18th century.
In 1811 the people of León took to the streets demanding the creation of a new government, new judges, abolition of the government monopoly to produce liquor, lower prices for tobacco and the end to taxes on beef, paper and general sales. All the demands were granted. Ten years later a meeting was called on September 15, 1821 in Guatemala City. Representatives attended the meeting from Madrid, Spanish representatives from every country in Central America, the heads of the Catholic Church from each province, the archbishop of Guatemala and the local senators of the provinces. Independence was from Spain was declared. Nicaragua remained part of a federation of Mexico and Central America until 1823 when the "United Provinces of Central America" met and declared themselves free of Mexican domain and any other foreign power. The five members were a federation free to administer their own countries and in November of 1824 a new constitution for the Central America Federation was decreed. On April 30, 1838 the legislative assembly of Nicaragua, declared Nicaragua independent of any other power and Nicaragua was completely independent.
William Walker
The power vacuum of the post-colonial period was the stage for continued battles between the Liberal Party of León and Conservative Party of Granada. These conflicts created the environment for the arrival of a strange, brilliant and brutal character named William Walker. Walker was actually hired by the Liberals to help defeat the Conservatives. What the Liberals did not know was Walker's grand plans to make Nicaragua part of a slave plantation that ran from Guatemala to Panama.
Key to Walker's success was to be the inter-oceanic steamship transportation of Cornelius Vanderbilt that served a route from San Francisco to New York via San Juan del Sur, La Virgen, the Río San Juan and San Juan del Norte. In September of 1855 Walker and his little battalion landed in San Juan del Sur and confronted Granada's Conservative Party army in La Virgen and won easily. On October 13, 1855 he traveled north, attacked and took Granada. As per prior agreement, Patricio Rivas of León's Liberal Party was named president of the republic and Walker as the head of the military. Rivas then followed Walker's wishes and confiscated Vanderbilt's steamship line. Walker then used the boats to ship more arms, ammunitions and mercenary soldiers to Nicaragua from both coasts of the USA. Soon he had the most modern, well equipped fighting force in Central America
After a spell as the head of the military Walker decided to run for president. From June 22-24, 1856 farcical elections were held and William Walker was named President of the Republic. Liberal Party chiefs and the rest of Nicaragua united with combined Central American forces to fight the Guerra Nacional (National War). The end of William Walker troop's myth of invincibility came at the little ranch north of Tipitapa called San Jacinto were the Nicaraguan rebel army won a decisive battle and stands today a museum open to visitors. The tide had turned and battles in Masaya, Rivas and Granada would prove victorious for the combined Central American forces.
William Walker escaped to a steamship, where he calmly watched the final, grisly actions of his troops, who looted then burned Granada to the ground. Walker would later return to Nicaragua, before just escaping with his life. He then tried Honduras where he was taken prisoner by the British Navy and handed over to the Honduran authorities. He was tried, put against a wall and shot by Honduran armed forces on September 12, 1860.
General José Santos Zelaya
Between 1857 and 1893 Nicaragua enjoyed a period of calm. In 1858 the pre-Walker constitution was reactivated, with elections required for public office. The wealthy families of Granada would control the government for the next 30 plus years. The first trains were installed in 1874, along with telephone and telegraph. Coffee became an important crop responsible for more than 50% of exports. In 1893 Liberal Party General José Santos Zelaya overthrew Granada's Conservative Party President, Dr. Roberto Sacasa. Zelaya would maintain power until 1909 when he was pushed out with the help of the US Marines. Zelaya did much to modernize Nicaragua. The separation of church and state was instituted, as were ideas of equality and liberty for all, respect of private property, civil marriage and legal divorce. The death penalty and debtors prisons were banned and freedom of expression legally guaranteed. Construction was rampant, with new roads, docks, postal offices, new shipping routes built and electricity installed in Managua and Chinandega. A slew of new laws was passed to facilitate business, along with a proper police; military codes and a Supreme Court created. The Caribbean Coast was finally officially incorporated into the country in 1894.
US Marines and General Augusto Sandino
In 1909 an uprising in Bluefields against Liberal President Zelaya was made with the support of the Granada Conservative Party. General José Santos Estrada took control of the eastern coast. Two North Americans who had fought on the side of the rebel army were put in front of the firing squad on orders of the central government. The US demanded Zelaya's resignation and he stepped down to allow a fellow Liberal Party member to take charge. The US refused to recognize the new president. In May of 1910 the US Marines arrived to Bluefields to establish a "neutral zone".
Conservative General Estrada marched into Managua to install himself as the new president of Nicaragua. Stuck with debts from European creditors, he was forced to borrow from the North American banks to pay debts. He then gave the US control and collection of customs, as a guarantee for those loans. The Nicaraguan National Bank and a new monetary unit called the córdoba were established in 1912. The Granada aristocrats were not happy with General Estrada and a new round of fighting between León Liberals and Granada Conservatives erupted.
In August the US Marines entered Managua to secure order and establish their choice as president of the country. The Marines would stay in a fluctuating force until 1933. Their desire to leave behind a stabilizing presence in Nicaragua gave rise to a new army would be called the Guardia Nacional (National Guard).
General Augusto Sandino was a Liberal general who became a national hero by taking the fight directly to the US Marines. Fighting side by side with the Marines to exterminate Augusto Sandino and his rebel army, was the newly created Guardia Nacional. The Marines in Nicaragua's northern mountains experimented with air bomb attacks for the first time while trying to exterminate Sandino and his rebel army. The charismatic general had widespread support in the north and was not defeated. Sandino relentlessly attacked US Marine positions with what many believe was the first use of modern guerrilla warfare. Finally, with elections approaching in 1933 and with the National Guard under the command of Anastasio Somoza García, the US government announced that the Marines would pull out when the new president took office. Juan Bautista Sacasa was elected, and the day he took power, January 1, 1933, the last regiment of US Marines left Nicaragua from the docks of Corinto.
The Somoza Family
With the US Marines gone, General Augusto Sandino signed a peace and gradual disarmament treaty with President Sacasa at the presidential palace, today's Parque Loma de Tiscapa. One year later, on February 21, 1934, Sandino returned to the presidential palace for dinner with President Sacasa. After he left the dinner party, Sandino was abducted and executed. His burial place, if he was in fact buried, is unknown.
With the death of Sandino, the Liberal party was divided in two camps, one that supported Somoza and the other President Sacasa. Somoza attacked the fort above León in May of 1936, while the National Guard asked for Sacasa's resignation.
In June of 1936 Sacasa resigned and new elections held, which were won by Somoza García. Anastasio Somoza García and later his son Anastasio Somoza Debayle would maintain effective power until 1979. Nicaragua enjoyed a period of relative stability and economic growth. The relationship of the US and Nicaragua was never better. This formed a basis for building a business empire that used state money to grow.
At the end of their decades long hold on power the family owned more up to 50% of all arable land and controlled an estimate 65% of the GDP. Somoza García met his death in León, at a party in the worker's club of León, after accepting the Liberal Party nomination for the election of 1956, assassinated by gun shots of Rigoberto López Pérez. One of Somoza García's sons, Luis Somoza Debayle stood in for the election and won anyway. He was sworn in as president in 1957. Luis Somoza's brother Anastasio remained as the head of the Guardia Nacional and the real power of the country and he would quickly take over as president of Nicaragua. In 1954, 1958 and 1959 armed attempts and dethroning the Somozas failed.
In 1961 the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN) was founded. On 1967 there were anti-government demonstrations in Managua. The National Guard attacked the demonstrators, killing some and injuring many. None the less, Anastasio Somoza Debayle was elected president of Nicaragua once again. In 1972 the great earthquake of Managua struck and an Emergency Committee was created to deal with the disaster, under the direction of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. Millions in aid and reconstruction money went through the hands of Somoza's companies and accounts of the ruler. In 1975 Somoza was re-elected president of Nicaragua and took office in 1976.
In January of 1978 Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, the editor of the country's oldest newspaper, La Prensa and a respected member of society, was shot to death. Most assumed it was work of the Guardia Nacional. Chamorro had been part of the failed 1959 overthrow attempt and 1974 founder of an opposition group to Somoza Debayle called the UDEL. The "revolution" or "war against Somoza" was in full swing with support from all social classes.
The culmination of a 20-year struggle lead for 15 years by Carlos Fonseca Amador (who died in combat) and at great cost of more than 50,000 Nicaraguan lives, Somoza Debayle and the Guardia National were chased out of Nicaragua. The revolution brought major damage to Nicaragua's economy and cities like Masaya, Managua, León and Estelí. Somoza finally fled on July 17, 1979, after a prolonged and horrifying series of battles. The war was won by a broad coalition of labor unions, private enterprise, the Catholic Church, various political parties and the most visible of all, the FSLN or Sandinistas.
A committee assumed power of Nicaragua on July 19, 1979 made up of five members: Daniel Ortega, Sergio Ramírez, Moisés Hassan, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro and Alfonso Robelo. A new legislative body was organized to write a new constitution. Any idea of shared power amongst other groups led by Violeta Barrios de Chamorro or the non-Marxist rebel forces like those of revolutionary hero Eden Pastora were quickly dashed. Peace was short lived, as rebel groups formed in the northern mountains and Honduras and in 1982 the Resistencia Nicaraguense better known as the contras (short for counter-revolutionary in Spanish) began attacks. The national monetary reserves were increasingly taxed by more than half of the national budget going to military spending and a US economic embargo sent inflation spinning out of control, annihilating the already beleaguered economy. A peace agreement was reached in Sapoá; Rivas and elections were held in 1990. Daniel Ortega lost to Violeta Chamorro.
Doña Violeta
Most Nicaraguans consider the election of Doña Violeta (as she is affectionately known) as the beginning of democracy in Nicaragua. The widow of assassinated La Prensa director Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro had her two sons on both sides of the fence in the 1980's, with Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Junior with the contras and Carlos Fernando Chamorro with the Sandinistas. As she brought together her family, she brought together the country. Doña Violeta was forced to compromise on many issues and at times the country looked set to collapse back into war, but miraculously Nicaragua's first woman president spent the next five years mending the country into one whole piece. The Nicaraguan military was de-politicized, put under civilian rule and reduced from over 150,000 to less than 30,000.
Arnold Alemán
In November of 1996 Liberal Party candidate Arnoldo Alemán won the presidential vote. Alemán made strides in augmenting economic growth and foreign investment in Nicaragua and improvements to road and school infrastructure. In 1998 the worst hurricane to strike Central America in the 20th century brought to Nicaragua little wind, but biblical rains for five days. More than 2,400 lives were lost in flooding and landslides. The disaster encouraged foreign countries to consider external debt pardon, in what could be a possible savior to the world's most indebted country in proportion to its GDP. Elections in November of 2001 were won by Liberal Party candidate and former Alemán Vice-President Enrique Bolaños. The 2001 elections were the third consecutive democratic presidential election in Nicaragua and boasted a record turnout at the polls.
Enrique Bolaños
The administration of Bolaños a businessman and member of the Nicaraguan upper class was undermined by opposition both from Daniel Ortega and his own former boss Arnoldo Alemán. Don Enrique had promised to clean up his own party's corruption and in a brave move brought charges against Alemán for misuse of government funds in August of the year he was elected. Don Enrique's liberal majority in the national assembly did him little good as his own party representatives rallied behind their imprisoned leader leaving Bolaños with little support or power. Despite this the Nicaraguan economy saw rapid growth in tourism and other industries and a real estate boom with increasing foreign investment capped off by the signing of the CAFTA free trade agreement with the USA and Central American states. Meanwhile Alemán maneuvered his congressional forces to lower the minimum for presidential election to 35% while running an opposition candidate to Bolaños 2006 candidate pick, splitting the Liberal vote and assuring Ortega's return to power.
Ortega's Return
With 38% of the popular vote Daniel Ortega returned to power in Jan of 2007 and quickly moved to consolidate power in all branches of government, as well as in the military and police forces. Ortega also had a key article of the political constitution declared un-constitutional, since it prevented him for running for more terms. Thus, freeing him up continuous consecutive terms. Ortega is currently in his 3rd consecutive term as president with his wife as Vice-President now and has a firm grip on power. During Ortega's return economic gains were solidified and great advances have been made in infrastructure, especially roads, ports and energy. Tourism in Nicaragua continued to grow with Nicaragua making many top 10 lists worldwide as best new destination to visit. International investment slowed, but national investment took up the slack making Nicaragua one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America. Personal and press freedoms waned and discontent simmered. In April of 2018 student protests erupted in León and Managua, then countrywide. Please see our Nicaragua Protest (link to 7D) page for more details.
Nicaragua is located between the Tropic of Cancer and the equator ranging from 11°-15° north and between 83°- 88° longitude. Nicaragua's northern border runs from the Gulf of Fonseca to Cape Gracias a Dios with much of the 530 km border marked by the Río Coco. The Caribbean Coast from Gracias a Dios to just south of the mouth of the Río San Juan is 509 km. From the Caribbean outlet of the San Juan to the Bay of Salinas is the 313 km border with Costa Rica. The Pacific Coast is 325 km from Salinas to the Golfo de Fonseca. The total surface area of the country is 131,812 sq km; lakes and coastal lagoons cover 10,384 sq km of this. Nicaragua is the biggest of the Central American republics.
The land is can be divided into three principle divisions. The Caribbean lowlands, an area marked by numerous rivers, pine savannas and the largest expanse of remaining rain forest in Central America. The central and northern mountains and plains are geologically the oldest in the country, with mountains ranging from 500 meters in the south rising to 2,000 meters as they reach the border with Honduras in the north. The central region has a diverse ecosystem with rain forest giving way to tropical dry forest in the south and cloud forest to pines in the north.
The Pacific Basin is dominated by Lake Managua, Lake Nicaragua and numerous crater lakes and is also home to a majestic row of volcanoes that run from the extreme northwest at Volcán Cosiguina to the dual-volcano-island Ometepe in Lake Nicaragua. The Pacific area contains a mixture of tropical dry forest and savanna with two cloud forests on the volcanoes Mombacho and Maderas and a pine forest on the Volcán Casita.
Lakes and Rivers
Nicaragua's Pacific Basin holds the two largest bodies of water in Central America and 15 crater lakes. The capital, Managua, sits on the shores of Lake Managua, also known by one of its indigenous names, Xolotlán, is 52 km long, 15-25 km wide, and is 39 m above sea level. Its maximum depth is only 30 m with a surface area of 1,025 sq km. Lake Managua's Peninsula of Chiltepe holds two crater lakes, Xiloá and Apoyeque. Managua is also home to four small crater lakes. Lake Managua drains to Lake Nicaragua via the Río Tipitapa just east of Managua.
The mighty Lake Nicaragua, often called by one of its pre-Conquest names, Cocibolca, is 160 km long, 65 km at its widest, and 32 m above the level of the sea. This large sheet of water averages 20 meters in depth with a maximum depth of 60 meters. Lake Nicaragua covers a total of 8,264 sq km. Just 18 km separate the big lake from the Pacific Ocean on the southern part of its western shores. Lake Nicaragua drains 190 km to the Caribbean Sea via the Río San Juan. The Río Escondido is the principle central river with much commercial traffic as a crucial link between the Pacific and the Bay of Bluefields. In the north, Central America's longest river, the Río Coco, starts well inside Nicaragua and then runs most of its 680 km as a border between Nicaragua and Honduras.
Lying at the intersection of the Coco and Caribe continental plates, Nicaragua is one of the more geologically active countries in the world. Subduction of the Coco plate underneath the Caribe plate is at a rate of 8-9 cm per year, perhaps the fastest rate of continental plate collision in the hemisphere. It is also the newest of the countries in the Americas in geological terms at 8-9 million years old. The most obvious result of the land in upheaval is a line of more than 40 beautiful volcanoes, six of which have been active within the last 100 years.
The southernmost volcanoes are on the Island of Ometepe. The cloud forest covered Volcán Maderas (1,394 m) is believed to be extinct and it holds a lake in its misty summit and is great for climbing. The active and perfectly symmetrical cone of Volcán Concepción (1,610 m) completes Ometepe. Its last major lava flow in 1957 and last spit out ash in 2018. The other major cone in the big lake is Isla de Zapatera (600 m), heavily eroded it is extinct and a major pre-Columbian site and National Park.
Along the shores of Lake Nicaragua and shadowing Granada is dormant and mildly fumarolic Volcán Mombacho (1,345 m). Clothed in luxurious cloud forest, Mombacho suffered a major structural collapse in 1570 that wiped out a Chorotega village at its base. Fall out and lava flows from a prehistoric eruption of the Mombacho cone created Las Isletas in Lake Nicaragua. The extinct cone of Apoyo hold the country's largest crater lake, a 6 km in diameter, deep blue body of water that fills the violent death of the volcano some 20,000 years ago. Just north of Laguna de Apoyo is the famous National Park Volcán Masaya. This complex of several cones includes the smoking, lava-filled Santiago crater and four extinct craters and a lagoon. Masaya is the only volcano on the American continent, and one of four in the world, with a consistent lava pool at its surface.
ua's six major cones are all extinct and all hold crater lakes inside their sleeping cones. On the northwest shores of Lake Managua is the imposing and heavily fumarolic cone of the Volcán Momotombo (1,300 m). Its most recent significant eruption in 2016 and a geothermal plant at its the base utilizes its considerable steam energy on a daily basis. In its shadow is the little and extinct Volcán Momotombito, which sits just off the shore in Lake Managua. Momotombito is also the southernmost cone of the marvelous Maribios volcanic chain.
Just northwest of Momotombo the chain continues with the various craters the fiercest of which is the little mound of lava and black sand called Volcán Cerro Negro.
One of the youngest volcanoes in the Americas, Cerro Negro, burst out of a cornfield in 1850 and has risen to 450 m in this short period. Major eruptions occurred in 1867, 1914, 1923, 1947, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1968, 1971, 1992, 1995 and 1999. The August of 1999 eruption opened new craters at its southern base. Cerro Negro was the site for the new speed record for mountain biking (130 mph) and some extreme black sand skiing in late 2001. Now tourists use the mountain for sledding or boarding giving it world fame as an adventure mountain.
Further north is the bald and eroding summit of the active Volcán Telica (1,061m). Climbing its rocky backside affords a view of it smoking interior, which last threw forth a good quantity of ash in 2018. The extinct cone to the north of Volcán Casita is notable for its pine forest, the southernmost of its kind in the American continent's Northern Hemisphere. A side of Casita collapsed during the torrential rains of Hurricane Mitch (1998), burying numerous villages in the municipality of Posoltega and killing more than 2,000 people.
Just northwest, in the spectacular Maribios chain, is the country's highest cone, Volcán San Cristóbal (1,745 m). San Cristóbal recommenced erupting in 1971 after a long period of inactivity that occurred after the highly explosive years of 1684-1885. Since 1999 it has been throwing a lot of ash and its last major activity was in January of 2019. The northernmost is Volcán Cosiguina (800 m), today with a lake in its crater. Its final eruption was in 1835 in what is believed to have been the most violent in recorded history in the Americas. Ash was thrown as far as Mexico while the ground shook in Colombia. The summit of the Cosiguina cone affords a stunning view of the Gulf of Fonseca and its islands.
The rain soaked Caribbean Coast receives up to 5,000 mm of rain annual at San Juan del Norte, with inland jungle and northern Caribbean Coastal areas soaking in 2,500 mm to 4,000 mm annually. The dry season in this region is between two and three months long, with San Juan del Norte receiving a break from the rains only from mid-March to the end of April.
The central and northern highlands between 500 and 1,500 m have their own weather profile with rainfall averaging between 1,500 to 2,500 mm annually. The dry season in the center of the country is longer with seven to eight months of rain and a January to April dry season.
The Pacific Basin is classic dry tropical with 700 to 1,500 mm of rain annually coming almost exclusively during the 6-month wet season from mid-May to mid-November followed by a very dry 6-month period. Average temperatures range from 18°C - 27°C depending on altitude and time of year. In the Pacific areas the rain is short bursts of high intensity downpours followed by sunshine and cooler temperatures.
Flora and Fauna
Nicaragua is blessed with rich bio-diversity and thanks to its relatively low population and many nature reserves, much of Nicaragua's native flora and fauna has been preserved. The forests of Nicaragua cover more than 30% of its land. The country is home to tropical dry forest, significant mangrove forests and major swatches of wetlands. The biggest expanse of cloud forest in Central America is present on Pacific volcanoes and northern mountain ranges, especially within the Bosawás reserve.
Pine forests run along the northern territories all the way to the Caribbean with the central-northern mountains home to extensive numbers. Transitional tropical wet forests are present on the eastern side of the great lakes and Lake Nicaragua's southern coast. The most extensive growth of primary rain forest on the isthmus is in Nicaragua. Plant species are diverse with 350 species of trees, which are part of 12,000 total species of flora that have been classified. There exist an estimated 5,000 yet to be documented. Those classified include more than 600 species or orchids.
Equally impressive is the diversity of fauna, most of all the insect life with an estimated 250,000 species. Mammals include some 251 species along with 234 different variations of reptile and amphibian. Bird species are penned at 688 from 59 families.
Nature Reserves
The Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources) better known as MARENA is responsible for the administration of Nicaragua's 73 protected areas that cover 17% of its land.
Volcanic parks and reserves: In addition to the famous Parque Nacional Volcán Masaya, many of Nicaragua's volcanoes are home to nature reserves. There are more than 28 reserves on volcanoes. The following Pacific Basin volcanoes all have forest reserves on them, critical for the local climate and water tables: Momotombo, Pilas, San Cristóbal, Casita, Telica, Rota, Concepción, Maderas, Cosiguina and Mombacho. Volcanic crater lakes and their forests are also set aside as protected areas like: Laguna de Apoyo, Laguna de Asososca, Laguna de Nejapa, Laguna de Tiscapa and the two crater lakes of Peninsula de Chiltepe, Laguna Apoyeque and Laguna Xiloá.
Some of the most rewarding reserves for the visitor are the wildlife refuges set aside for the massive arrivals of sea turtles. They are at the central Pacific Coast beaches Chacocente and La Flor, which also protect dry tropical forest reserves. Isla Juan Venado is also a place to see turtles, not in the quantity of the other reserves, but with the added attraction of accessible mangroves and their fauna.
Outside of the great, protected cloud forests of the Bosawás reserve, the best place to enjoy the unique flora of the cloud forest is on the Volcán Mombacho, near Granada and the cloud forest of Volcán Maderas on Ometepe Island. In Matagalpa the Selva Negra reserve is also easy to access as well as the by-permission-only Arenal reserve on the border of Jinotega and Matagalpa. Another option is the Miraflor reserve in between Estelí and Jinotega.
Nicaragua boasts the two biggest rain forest reserves in Central America, For its access and reliable lodging Indio-Maíz is a dream for rain forest enthusiasts. More rugged visitors can make the rural journey to the Bosawás rain forest. Few places in Central America can match the natural splendor of the wetlands in Los Guatuzos; this precious wildlife refuge is a spectacle of tropical fauna with numerous and diverse species in easy view daily.
Nicaragua's economy is based on agriculture, which contributes more than 40% of GDP. The principal export items are coffee, beef and dairy products, gold, sugar and peanuts. It is still considered the least developed country in Central America, and the second poorest in the Americas by nominal GDP.
Gross domestic product: 13.81 billion USD (2017) World Bank
GDP per capita: 2,221.81 USD (2017) World Bank
GNI per capita: 5,680 PPP dollars (2017) World Bank
GDP growth rate: 4.9% annual change (2017) World Bank
Gross national income: 35.3 billion PPP dollars (2017) World Bank
Internet users: 10.6% of the population (2011) World Bank
The Nicaragua monetary unit is the córdoba. The currency is on a program of scheduled devaluation against the US dollar and at time of publishing was rated at 33 córdobas to the US dollar. Dollars are used widely in Nicaragua and many services for visitors are quoted in dollars and can be paid in that currency.
The most traditional of Nicaraguan instruments is the Marimba. Its exact origin is not known but most believe that it is a derivative of an African instrument. Despite its rather crude appearance it is a complex instrument. It is composed of 22 wood keys and shaped in the form of a triangle. The wood used is mahogany or cedar. The marimba player plays with rubbed-headed sticks called bolillos. The instrument has very clear and sonorous tonalities. Most marimbas are used for folkloric music and typical music of the countryside, yet today the marimberos perform any rhythm from cumbia to salsa to merengue. The country's most famous marimberos are from Monimbó, the Indian barrio of Masaya, where there is a long tradition of marimba crafting and playing.
Folk Music is still very popular today and has deep roots in Nicaraguan culture. One of the most important creators of the Nicaraguan song is Víctor M. Leiva (Managua, 1916) who authored the song "El Caballo Cimarrón"(The Untamed Horse) in 1948, the first Nicaraguan song recorded inside Nicaragua. During his long performing career he painted musical portraits of the Nicaraguan's daily life. Victor M. Leiva received a Gold Palm award in United States, as the second greatest folkloric composer in all of Latin America. Another legendary folk singer-songwriter is Camilo Zapata. Zapata was born in 1917 and still performing today, he wrote his first song at the age of 14 and his songs have made him the face and heart of Nicaraguan regionalism.
Two brothers from the northern town of Somoto are largely responsible for the continued popularity of folk music in Nicaragua today. Carlos and Luis Enrique Mejia Godoy have not only brought the form to the forefront of Nicaraguan music, but their creativity and dedication have created new forms, like the famous Misa Campesina (peasant mass). Originally from the rural splendor of the Solentiname Archipelago this music uses marimbas, guitars, atabales (Indian drums), violins and mazurcas. The songs were composed by Carlos Mejía Godoy and recorded in the 80's, by the "Popular Sound Workshop". La Misa Campesina has been translated into numerous languages and is even sung by Anglican, Mormon and Baptist Churches in the United States.
Arguably the oldest form of painting in Nicaragua is the petroglyph. These mysterious stone pictorials are found in every corner of Nicaragua and their quantity and diversity is amazing. The depictions are of ancient beliefs, family histories, calendars and other scenes in relief that remain a mystery to today's art lovers and archaeologists alike. This art was lost with the arrival of the first Europeans in the 16th century and the painters of the colonial period were usually Spanish.
The first notable Nicaraguan painter was 19th century artist, Toribio Jerez, who authored a collection of portraits of the Bishops of Nicaragua. At the beginning of the 20th century the most appreciated work was that of Alonso Rochi, who's paintings of urban scenes and flowers received acclaim. The maestro of modern Nicaraguan painters was one who gained an equal amount of fame from teaching as he did from painting. León painter Rodrigo Peñalba (1908-1979) spent years studying and painting in Rome and gained fame at home in the 1940's. The visitor can see his paintings in León at the gallery across from the Iglesia San Francisco and at the museum in the Masaya Volcano National Park.
At the beginning of the 1950's the work of Asilia Guillen (1887-1964) brought primitivism (naive) painting to the forefront of Nicaraguan fine arts. Primitivism may be the most famous school of art of painting in Nicaragua, thanks largely to the priest Ernesto Cardenal, it most enthusiastic promoter. The talented campesinos of the Archipelago of Solentiname were given a course organized by the priest and today the islanders paint the vibrant natural beauty of their islands. The naïve painting of Solentiname has taken the island artists to far off locals like Finland and Japan and their work can be found in galleries around the world.
A departure from the traditional concepts introduced by the master Rodrigo Peñalba was organized under the banner of the Grupo Praxis formed in 1963. This group of revolutionary artists joined in a new style of painting under a social ideology that was based on opposition to the Somoza regime. Grupo Praxis style is marked by the use of monochromatic colors with the backdrop of Nicaragua's volcanic and tellurian landscape. Leading artists of the group include the well-known painter Alejandro Aróstegui. After the Praxis Group painting styles became increasingly diverse with a post-modern movement and an outburst of mural painting in the 1980's. In the 1990's figurative painting and hyper-realism became additional movements accentuated by a new and important figure in Nicaraguan painting and installation art Patricia Belli. Belli's striking and emotional statements transmitted through a diverse use of media have kept her on the cutting edge of the Nicaraguan art scene.
Fernando Saravia was one of the first to earn the title of "el maestro" in Nicaraguan sculpture. Saravia worked in clay cast, mould, and carve stone and wood. Saravia's original sculptures brought much notoriety and he in turn went on to help form the best known of modern Nicaraguan sculptors including the priest Ernesto Cardenal. In the 1980's, Ernesto Cardenal, an accomplished artist, was the Minister of Culture. Under his direction a program was created in San Juan de Limay, a small village north of Estelí. There had already been a tradition of soapstone (marmolina) carving there. The colorful stone is found in abundance in San Juan de Limay and the project refined the quality of San Juan de Limay's artisan sculpting. During this period sculptors like Luis Morales Alonso and Aparicio Artola came to fame with beautiful and unique works in soapstone. The work of San Juan de Limay's artists can be found across Nicaragua and Central America.
One of most talented Nicaraguan sculptors today is Miguel Angel Abarca. The son of coffin carvers, there is no material that Abarca has not mastered from wood to marble to granite. Abarca also changes styles as easily as materials and his mastery of both that make him unique in the Nicaraguan art scene, he never stops experimenting and what he produces is routinely both unique and sublimely beautiful.
The art form that dominates Nicaraguan cultural life is poetry. With the greatest national hero being a poet, Nicaraguans have poetry running through their blood and soul. The king of this passion is Rubén Darío (1867-1916), the most celebrated of Nicaraguan artists and a true great in the history of the Spanish language. Darío is known as the "Father of Modernism" thanks to his groundbreaking innovations in the Spanish language. The modernist school headed by Dario advocated aestheticism, the search for sensory and sensual values, using the effects of color, voice and synthesis. His landmark work Azul is considered the fundamental work of modernism. Darío published numerous other collections of poetry, a novel and narratives as well as editing literary magazines. Dario's work had a significant impact on the Spanish language and tributes continue to be paid to his artistic production since his death in León in 1916.
The Vanguard movement followed Darío's penchant for innovation and was founded by Luis Alberto Cabrales (1901-1974) and Jose Coronel Urtecho (1906-1994). The Vanguard movement exerted an important renovating influence on Nicaraguan literature. Coronel Utrecho's work Oda a Ruben Dario (1927) contains the essence of the new style and marks the transition from the Dario school of Modernism to the Vanguard movement. Pablo Antonio Cuadra (1912-2002), the movement's principal author, wrote a declaration reaffirming the national identity, which was later incorporated into his first book Poemas Nicaraguenses (1934). Another member of the Vanguard was Manolo Cuadra (1907-1957) who became known for his poems, Perfil and La palabra que no te dije, published in Tres Amores (1955). Pablo Antonio Cuadra was responsible for a truly prolific literary production, including Libro de horas (1964), a collection of Náhuatl myths El Jaguar y la Luna (1959. He wrote about the life of the mammal in Cantos de Cifar and Al mar dulce (1926); his excellent treatise against dictatorships in Siete arboles contra el atardecer (1982) and Poemas para un calendario (1988).
The generation of the forties brought the themes of love and freedom to the forefront and the emergence of poets Ernesto Mejia Sanchez (1923-1985) and Carlos Martinez Rivas (1924-1999). Mejía Sanchez cultivated a style marked by brevity and precision in his most important works Ensalmos y conjuros (1947) and La Carne contigua (1948) and Martinez Rivas used a modern rhythm, making his ideas felt through quick turns of phrase and ruptures of his own language. El paraiso recobrado (1948) was a revelation and the publication of Insurreccion solitaria (1953) even more so. He published a series of poems titled Allegro rato, in 1989, which continued his experimental line.
Ernesto Cardenal's (1923) poetry tries to reflect common language and simple expressions. Founder of the expressionist poetry current, he opposed the subjectivity of lyrical poetry. Through his poetry he attacked the Somoza family dictatorship for more than four decades. La ciudad deshabitada (1946), Hora 0 (1960), Oracion por Marylin Monroe y otras poemas(1966), are poems reflecting religious, historical and Christian themes as well as the topic of social commitment.
Sergio Ramirez Mercado is one of the most internationally known Nicaraguan writers. He has published numerous novels and books of short stories including De tropeles y tropelias (1972), and Charles Atlas tambien muere (1976). In 1998 he won the International Prize for Fiction of the Alfagura publishing house of Spain that also published his later works:Margarita esta linda la mar (1998), Adios muchachos (1999), and his most recent work Mentiras Verdaderas (2000). He is considered among the finest novelists in Latin America today.
Another modern great is Gioconda Belli. Her first book was a sensual collection of poems, Sobre la grama (1974), and it broke new ground for Nicaraguan literature with its frank femininity. De la costilla de Eva (1987) speaks of free love at the service of revolutionary transformation. Her novels, La mujer habitada, Memorias de amor y de guerra and El pais bajo mi piel, among others, have been published in more than twenty languages.
Nicaragua is a predominately mestizo culture with a mix of Native American and European roots. This process of cultural integration began long before the arrival of the first Spanish explorers and continues to this day. Due to relative isolation in the eastern section of Nicaragua for the first several centuries, fairly well-defined ethnic cultures are still present in the communities of Miskito, Rama and Mayagna indigenous cultures as well as Afro-Caribbean's from Jamaica (Creole) and Afro-Amerindians from San Vincent (Garífuna) Island. The Hispanic mestizo culture of the western 70% of the country dominates the ethnic profile of the Nicaraguan. Recent surveys suggest a country 96% mestizo, with 3% indigenous and 1% Afro-Caribbean. Amongst the peoples classified as mestizo are many of close to pure indigenous roots that have lost their distinguishing language, but retained many cultural traits of pre-Columbian times.
According to a year 2000 census Nicaragua's population was estimated at 5,126,860. Population density varies greatly from department to department with the principle concentration of people in Managua and vicinity and the traditionally (since pre-Conquest times) populous cities of the Pacific basin where 83% of Nicaragua's population lives. On a national level population density is at 42 persons per square kilometer, making Nicaragua the least densely populated country in Central America. Current population growth is pegged at 3.2% annually and the average size of the Nicaraguan family has diminished from a 1950 average of 7.3 children per mother to 4.7 today. The country is very young with 45% of the population under the age of 15 years. Only 3% of the population are over the age of 65. The average life span of the Nicaraguan has risen since 1950, from 42 years of age to 63 years.
Spanish is the official language of Nicaragua. English is becoming more common and is spoken in the nicer hotels in Managua, Granada and Leon, at tour operators and car rental agencies. On the Caribbean coast Spanish, Creole English, Sumo, Rama and Miskito are all spoken. Nicaraguan Creole English is similar to the English spoken in Jamaica and other Caribbean states.
Just over 60% of the population if Roman Catholic. There are also Episcopal, Baptist, Methodist, Church of Christ, Assembly of God, Seventh Day Adventists; Jehovah's Witness, Mormon and many other sects. The dominant religion on the Caribbean Coast is the Moravian Church. Religion and spirituality in general are very important parts of Nicaraguan life. Religious festivals occur in every village around the country and different dates during the year. The ceremonies take place to honor each town or city's patron saint and are a colorful mixture of ancient and modern Catholic beliefs with influences of pre-Conquest traditions. The Easter week celebrations are something special, particularly in León and Los Pueblos Blancos.


text:
A Brand Tracking Project allows you to conduct a comprehensive, ongoing or always on assessment of the health of your brand compared with your key competitors. Customizable funnel analysis with key metrics from brand awareness through to usage and preference allows you to see how you're performing against your competitors. Stage-by-stage conversion metrics allow you to understand and optimize the return on your marketing investment at different points through the funnel. A deeper understanding of perceptions associated with your brand and how aligned they are with your strategy. An automated program that you can set up and run without manual monitoring.
Armed with this information, you can better:
- Set and track key objectives for your brand strategy
- Align your budgets to help achieve your goals
- Make the right marketing investments for your brand's needs (i.e. drive awareness vs loyalty)
- See a comprehensive brand health assessment with key drivers of performance
- Compare how efficient your brand is at converting prospects through the funnel compared to other brands over time
- Identify the reasons prospects drop out at each stage in the funnel
CATEGORY TAGSBrand ExperienceXM Solution Automated Projects
Understand the drivers of conversion at every stage in the funnel
Monitor conversion ratios at every point along the funnel as well as the drivers of those ratios to understand when prospects fall out and why. You'll be able to see where you need to improve to help convert more prospects into loyal customers over time, to help you react quickly to changes in the market.
A comprehensive overview of ?your brand's performance
See how you stack upcompared with other brands in your industry. Monitor your customers' and prospects' perceptions of your brand(s) over time.
What You Get
Expert-built Surveys
An expert-built survey template preloaded with the right questions to help you save time and get results faster.
- Ph.D. designed methodology
- Prebuilt logic and survey structure
- Automated workflow
Response Recommendations
A recommended number of respondents to maximize confidence in your data, specific to your project design. For example, a typical brand tracking study would require a respondent sample size of 300 completes to ensure optimal analysis.
We make it easy to get responses:
- Upload your own contacts
- Purchase respondents directly in Qualtrics
Prebuilt Reports
Get instant analysis of your data. Pre-built reports help you spend less time analyzing data, and more time delivering results.
- Instant analysis of your data
- Easy to understand results
- Expert designed charts and graphs
- PDF format for easy sharing
Additional Resources
Required License: Research Core 3

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Group Booking Terms and Conditions
Because you are making a Group Booking, there are additional Terms and Conditions that apply. Please read them and click 'I Accept' below to continue with your booking
General Group Booking Terms
By making a group reservation through Hostelworld.com you agree to the following terms and conditions as set by Hostelworld.com and as set by the hostel in question.
- In order to make a group reservation on Hostelworld.com it is necessary to pay a deposit. The balance is due directly to the hostel according to their payment conditions.
- The booking deposit is non-refundable.
- Please note that any cancellations must be notified directly to the hostel at least 24 hours in advance of your scheduled arrival date, unless otherwise stated in the hostel's conditions.
- Hostelworld.com are not responsible for changes or amendments to your reservation once it has been processed. All correspondence with regard to changes to your booking need to be dealt with directly with the hostel.
- Cancellations for reservations must be made directly with the hostel and must conform with the individual hostels cancellation policy (see below)
- It is your responsibility to pay the balance of your accommodation cost to the hostel in accordance with their payment conditions (see below). Failure to do so may result in your reservation being cancelled by the hostel.
- Individual hostels may have special booking conditions relating to group stays, please read the hostel booking conditions carefully before making your reservation.
Hostel Specific Terms & Conditions
The remainder of the amount due will be charged to your credit card 2 weeks prior to arrival. Should numbers or room selection change, the per person deposit times the number of people who actually travelled will be deducted from the total accommodation charge levvied by the hostel.
Additional Terms and Conditions
$1000 / 500.00 up front cash bond payable at check-in.
This bond is fully refundable on the condition that there is zero damage, soiling and guest harassment made by anyone in your group towards any part of the property and other guests.
We expect decent manners and behavior at all times by all guests in your group, and the refunding of the bond will also take this into account
The following group types are not accepted by this hostel: Junior / Primary School, High / Secondary School, Sports Group If you have misrepresented the type of group you are booking for, your booking may be cancelled by the hostel."
Additional Info:
$1000 / 500.00 up front cash bond payable at check-in.
This bond is fully refundable on the condition that there is zero damage, soiling and guest harassment made by anyone in your group towards any part of the property and other guests.
We expect decent manners and behavior at all times by all guests in your group, and the refunding of the bond will also take this into account
Any cancellations resulting from agreement to these terms and conditions under false pretences will result in loss of deposit.
Abychom vám mohli potvrdit rezervaci, musíte přijmout naše smluvní podmínky.
Popis hostelu
Are you looking for a hostel where you feel welcome to relax and just hang out if you want a break? Where there are activities so you can meet people and make new friends? Where you don't feel as though you are putting your hand in your pocket every 5 minutes? Where the staff are happy to give you free advice about what to do in Adelaide (not just sell you an expensive tour)?
Backpack Oz is a family owned and operated business that enjoys a great reputation since 1999.
FREE dinners Monday, Wednesday and Friday nights at 7.30PM. No need to cook!
FREE ice cream on Sunday nights!
We'll throw in all night happy hours at the bar on Monday, Wednesday and Friday as well (5PM-10PM)
All rooms and common areas have A/C, and kitchens and bathrooms are cleaned daily (and we mean really clean - check the ratings)!
We have a fantastic city location - walk to cafe/pub districts, Central Market and CBD!
Our free WiFi is super fast and we have a light & bright dining & common room with big screen TV.
Our staff are super well trained and really want you to enjoy your stay and make the most of Adelaide!
We hope you choose to stay with us and leave with fond memories of both Adelaide and Backpack Oz.
Due to the coronavirus situation our reception hours have changed to 8AM until 11AM and 5PM until 8PM.
If you are arriving out of these times please contact the hostel ASAP to make further arrangements.
At this present time we are not accepting any arrivals or bookings from interstate or overseas guests.
(This is subject to change when the state and territory restrictions are lifted.)
At this present time we are not accepting any bookings or arrivals from local guests.
(This is subject to change when the state and territories restrictions are lifted.)
(Dorms are for adults aged between 18 and 35 only !
International passport and or valid drivers license MUST be produced at check-in. NO ID, NO STAY !)
Sam, Penny & Tom Twelftree
Owner since 1999 Zobrazit domovní řád
Zjistit dostupnost
- snídaně v ceně
- Včetně ložního prádla
- Zdarma mapy měst
- Zdarma přístup k internetu
- Zdarma WiFi
- Adaptéry
- Air Conditioning
- Burza zaměstnání
- Fény
- Fény k pronájmu
- Kuchyň
- Parkování pro jízdní kola
- Pračka
- Společenská místnost
- Stropní ventilátor
- Teplé sprchy
- Trezor
- Venkovní terasa
- Výměna knih
- Šatní skříňky
- Faxové služby
- Prohlídka/Přepážka
- Prádelní zařízení
- Přístup k internetu
- Ručníky k pronájmu
- Údržba
- Úschovna zavazadel
- Bar
- Mini-supermarked
- Možnost přípravy čaje & kávy
- Kulečník
- Stolní hry
- Wi-Fi
3, Kontinent Oceania
1, Země Australia
3, Kontinent Oceania
Relace vypršela
Relace vypršela
Zadejte prosím heslo k účtu <% email %>


text:
I try and support HMV by buying most of our DVDs there, but whoever is responsible for their racking these days is clearly a moron. Unlike the CDs, which are all easy to flick through, they insist on racking the DVDs …. down to the floor. Is there any other shop in the country which thinks this is a good idea? It's just not clever to expect your customers to be on their hands and knees trying to twist sideways to read the spines of stuff you are trying to sell (never mind how difficult it is for staff to stock the shelves that low down.) Amazingly, they've now decided to mix Blu Rays in with the DVDs. To me Blu Rays would seem a premium product, but not to HMV, who decide they should all go on the bottom shelves in each section, on the floor. Brain dead the lot of them.
Hard to imagine they once took pride in their shops, advertising once a month to their customers. Here is a vintage offering from December 1967 bringing people up to date on the growing number of shops, fifteen at the time, while still pushing their flagship store in London.
You'd be hard pressed to know what month it was in there this December, not an inch of tinsel to be seen!
Check out a fab 1920s vintage HMV shipping box on the site.


text:
American Thanksgiving Day
On Thursday 23rd November, Americans will celebrate Thanksgiving Day. It's a time for family and friends to gather for a national holiday which stems from a feast called 'First Thanksgiving', dating back to 1621 and the first feast of the harvest held by Pilgrims in the New World. The day has been a federal holiday (observed by the US government) since 1863, when Abraham Lincoln proclaimed that a national day of thanksgiving should be held annually on the last Thursday of November.
Americans plan Thanksgiving with as much vigour and verve as we plan Christmas. A feast of a big roast turkey and all the Thanksgiving trimmings is brought to the table. Its estimated that there are over 40 million Americans claiming Irish heritage, and many of these will be joining the celebrations in the country which welcomed their ancestors who left Ireland in times of famine and unemployment. We wish all our American friends and Irish American cousins a very happy Thanksgiving Day today.
Seasonal foods play a big part in the Thanksgiving Feast, which you'd expect in a meal designed to mark a rich harvest. Tradition abounds in dishes which crop up year after year. The turkey is brined before roasting, then served as the table centrepiece of the dinner menu.
Americans love to brine their turkey before roasting for the Thanksgiving Dinner. This makes the meat moist and succulent. It also works for Christmas turkey so you may be interested to know how it's done.
• Brining needs to be done a day in advance. You will need a large clean bucket or plastic box big enough to hold your turkey comfortably and be covered in brine.
• For a 10-12lb turkey, to make the brine you will need about 4 litres of water, 8 generous tbsp salt, 2 bayleaves, 1 tbsp black peppercorns, 1 large peeled and thinly sliced onion, 3 garlic cloves, lightly bruised.
• Make your brine by mixing the water with the salt, bayleaves and peppercorns in a large pan over medium heat to dissolve the salt, then bring to the boil for a few moments for the flavours to infuse. Taste for saltiness, it should have a definite salty taste, so add more salt if necessary. Remove from the heat and cool.
• When cold, place the brine in the chosen container with the sliced onion and bruised garlic. Add the turkey, making sure it is submerged. Cover and place the turkey in a fridge or very cold place – a large chill box surrounding by ice packs will do. Cover the box to keep it cold. Leave to soak overnight.
• Take your turkey out of the brine an hour or so before cooking and pat dry. Roast in the usual way.
Americans have a longer growing season for crops like beans, so Green Bean Casserole is a big part of the Thanksgiving Feast. Originally made by cooking green beans in canned mushroom soup. But you can make your own much tastier version using frozen green beans (all the better if you grew your own this year and froze them) and fresh mushrooms, cooked in cream.
To add extra flavour and crunch pop this in an ovenproof dish and top with fresh breadcrumbs and grated cheese, then bake in the oven for a golden crispy finish.
Both these veggies crop up in the choice of dishes for a Thanksgiving Dinner. Both are in season in the American Fall, so they make up part of the harvest. Squash and Sweet Potatoes are particularly suited to roasting in the oven with olive oil, garlic and herbs. Other dishes sometimes served include sweet potato mash, pureed squash and gratins of either sweet potatoes or squash, or sometimes both together!
Mashed potatoes are a big thing for Thanksgiving Dinner. Martha Stewart, the Doyenne of hosting dinner parties and general entertaining, suggests using buttermilk instead of milk or cream for the mashing. Which we like because it really adds that Irish flavour to the dish.
Cranberry Sauce is one of the regular accompaniments to the turkey for Thanksgiving. We reckon our American friends would love this recipe for Spiced Cranberry Sauce, prepared by Kevin Aherne of Sage Restaurant in Midleton, Co. Cork.
Cornbread stuffing is makes a regular appearance beside the turkey.
Martha Stewart, Doyenne of American style and entertaining ideas, suggests adding sausagemeat to the cornbread for extra meaty flavour.
Or you can keep it traditional with crumbled cornbread baked with eggs, onion and herbs in chicken broth.
Pumpkin Pie is one of the most famous desserts to end a Thanksgiving Dinner. Try this recipe from Tara Walker of East Coast Cookery School.
Other desserts that suit are American Deep Dish Apple Pie, made with fresh new season apples from the American Fall harvest.
Cheesecake is also popular. We think this Crossogue Preserves Tequila and Lime Marmalade Cheesecake would be well received on Thanksgiving Da – or any day of celebration, for that matter!


text:
Mary Toscano grew up in Salt Lake City and received a BFA in Printmaking and Photography from the University of Utah. Toscano works in drawing, printmaking, installation, and works on and with paper. She has shown her work locally and nationally. Toscano is an Artist-in-Residence at the Utah Museum of Contemporary Art. She works as the Exhibitions Coordinator for the J. Willard Marriott Library and Book Arts Program at the University of Utah.
Artist Statement
Mary Toscano creates idiosyncratic narratives focusing on themes of isolation, fatalism, and the threat of impending cultural and environmental shifts. Often represented through depictions of human and animal interactions, the ambiguous narratives suggest a tension between the individual and the collective, and manmade and natural worlds. The minimal landscapes and expansive negative space heighten the unease and alienation depicted by the detached human figures.
Artist Images
[portfolio_slideshow slideheight=600 exclude="19641″]
UTAH'S ART MAGAZINE SINCE 2001, 15 Bytes is published by Artists of Utah, a 501 (c) 3 non-profit organization headquartered in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Categories: Painting | Utah Artists - T


text:
4 arrested after shots fired at officers in Third Ward, police say
HOUSTON – Four men are facing charges after authorities said they fired at officers at 2118 Sampson Street around 3 a.m. on July 10.
Lionel Cox, 18, and Raymond Pace, 18, are charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. Noah Davis, 22, is charged with aggravated assault against a public servant and possession with intent to deliver. Jerod White is charged with aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, according to authorities.
Houston Police Department officers were on duty in an unmarked police vehicle at the location when several people fired shots at the vehicle, according to authorities.
The vehicle was struck, but the officers were not struck and drove away from the location, police said.
At the time, two men were detained, but they were released later.
After an investigation, Cox, Pace, Davis and White were identified as the people involved in the shooting. They were arrested and charged.
Download the Click2Houston news app in your app store to stay up-to-date with the latest news while you're on the go.
Sign up for KPRC 2 newsletters to get breaking news, sports, entertainment, contests and more delivered straight to your email inbox.
Copyright 2017 by KPRC Click2Houston - All rights reserved.


text:
The Photo of Folded Hands
Two folded hands repose on a hoe handle's end,
one over another, caked in fine earth,
bright brown in flecks of late sun, scores
of wrinkles line skin, hairline scars,
thin cracks, wait sweat's emergence.
Shadows between fingers etch
miniature campesino cañons, thick nails capped
by curved clay like tiny tortugas, evidence of hours
hoeing, digging, planting, pushing into earth after
praying her permission with singing and pollen.
Hands that extend from arms and torso,
that know the rhythms from a thousand years
seeped through the genes: the cultures of compost,
the colonies of worms, the cultivations of ancient corn
colored red, blue, yellow, purple and black.
The photo is of hands, merely. But I know this man—
this woman—hundreds by village, scores by face, dozens by name:
Mejicanos, Hondureños, Salvadoreños, Nicaragüenses,
Dominicanos, Chicanos with whom I've been compañeros,
who've taught the shape of hope—bend to work, stand to fight.
In another space I sit at a provisioned table with other friends,
genteel pensioners, armchair anthropologists, keyboard activists
with drawn white faces who reverence science, reference Malthus,
speak of a failed species, do their bit—boycott the worst of brands—
yet, sadly, have not met the man with folded hands.
—Chuck Barrett


text:
Job Shortlist
More Info
Cover Supervisor Job in Barking and Dagenham
- Reference: 05-191015004
- Local Authority: Barking and Dagenham
- Type: Short Term
- From: 15-10-2019 to 15-10-2019
The school is a secondary independent school which was awarded specialist media arts college status in 2006. The first priority of the school is the development of every child's academic potential to the fullest
This is a much larger than average secondary school having more than 2000 pupils. The proportions of students eligible for free school meals and from minority ethnic groups are well above those found nationally.
A centre for students on the autistic spectrum has recently been established at the school. The percentage of students with statements special educational needs is below that found nationally. The school has specialist media arts status and shares the facilities of a leisure centre with the local community. The schoolworks in a consortium with three other schools providing sixth form courses.
TimePlan Education Group Limited is an Equal Opportunities Employer. We are committed to safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children and young people and expect all staff to share this commitment. This post is exempt from the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act (1974) and is subject to a successful Enhanced Disclosure, Barring Service (DBS) check and two professional references.


text:
Tag Archives: photography
Advent Calendar – Door 24: A doorway to peace
Aldo Capitini Fondazione Centro Studi Aldo Capitini (CC0) Another chance discovery I made while browsing the Europeana Collections: When I first saw this photo, I immediately felt I recognized that doorway, though I couldn't quite place it. But just looking … Continue reading
Advent Calendar – Door 21: The Churchyard Gate in Bunge
Bertil Berthelson, The Churchyard Gate in Bunge, 1941 Swedish National Heritage Board (Public Domain) When I first saw this photo, its almost poetic simplicity immediately appealed to me: There's an empty lawn, a rough stone wall cutting across it, a … Continue reading
Advent Calendar – Door 20: The Portal Reial in Poblet
The Portal Reial, Monestir de Poblet via Wikimedia Commons, by PMRMaeyaert (CC BY-SA) If Monday's post was about photography's artistic possibilities, today's is all about its documentary capibilities. What you see in the above (and in the following) pictures may … Continue reading
Advent Calendar – Door 18: Two Church Doors
Heinrich Kühn, Church Entrance, c. 1910 Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg (CC0) In the early days of photography, the new medium's relationship to art, especially painting, was a matter of intense debate. Could photos, i.e. mechanically/chemically produced "copies" of … Continue reading
Advent Calendar – Door 16: The Gate of Ste. Clotilde in Paris
Charles Marville, The Church of Ste. Clotilde in Paris, c. 1860 Musée Carnavalet, Paris, via Parisienne de Photographie (Public Domain) The photo shows the main portal of Ste. Clotilde, one of Paris' finest Gothic Revival churches, built in 1846-1856 after … Continue reading
Advent Calendar – Door 14: The sacristy door in Vorau
Unknown photographer, The Church in Vorau (early 20th century?) Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin in der Universitätsbibliothek (CC BY-NC-SA) I was pleasantly surprised when I stumbled upon this old photo in the Europeana Collections. It shows the 15th-century sacristy door in … Continue reading
Advent Calendar – Door 13: Candlelight Gate
The South Gate of Visby Cathedral, 1909 Swedish National Heritage Board (Public Domain) Long-time readers who know my medievalist background won't be surprised to see yet another Gothic church portal appear in my Advent Calendar. I must admit, when I … Continue reading


text:
NORFOLK, Va. (WAVY) – Charges have been dropped against the Virginia mother who put a digital audio recorder in her daughter's backpack. The Norfolk Commonwealth's Attorney's Office says it asked the judge to dismiss all charges after the office had a chance to thoroughly review the case.
"I can breathe," said Sims after Wednesday's hearing. "This boulder I've had on my chest for weeks was just alleviated. I slept pretty good for a solid three hours. It's been hell to be honest with you. It has been tumultuous and exhausting to say the least."
10 On Your Side first reported last week that Sarah Sims was charged with felony use of device to intercept oral communication and misdemeanor contributing to the delinquency of a minor. The felony charge could have carried five years in prison.
Mom charged after putting recording device in daughter's backpack
Our resulting review of the report and the law finds the evidence does support probable cause for the 2 charges against Ms. Sims; however, after reviewing the facts and circumstances specific to this case, this Office is exercising prosecutorial discretion to not pursue the prosecution of this case. This morning (11/29/17), the Court granted this Office's motion to dismiss the charges against Ms. Sims. This criminal case is now concluded and this Office has no further comment to provide.
Sims told 10 On Your Side her 9-year-old daughter was getting bullied at Ocean View Elementary. She claims repeated calls and emails to the school went unreturned. "The thing that bothers me the most is that I am yet to get a response from anyone in the administration," Sims added.
Sims said she took actions into her own hands. She wanted to prove that nothing was being done to help her 4th grade daughter. She put a digital recorder into her daughter's backpack in hopes of catching audio from inside the classroom.
"If I'm not getting an answer from you what am I left to do?" Sims asked.
The girl took the recorder out of her backpack and put it on her desk. That's where the recorder was found. She has since been moved to a new classroom.
"I was mortified," Sims said. "The next thing I know I'm a felon. Felony charges and a misdemeanor when I'm trying to look out for my kid. What do you do?"
When 10 On Your Side contacted Norfolk Public Schools last week, we were told because it is a pending investigation no one could comment on what happened. The school district released a statement Wednesday afternoon:
Norfolk Public Schools (NPS) takes any accusation of bullying, whether by a student or staff member very seriously. In every instance a thorough investigation is performed. In addition, school and district administrators always work closely with parents and students to quickly address concerns and offer accommodations when necessary. It is NPS' practice to handle parent complaints internally.
With regard to Ms. Sims' case, the district had a responsibility to fully investigate the alleged incident and as such a legal review was requested from the district's counsel (Norfolk City Attorney's Office). After review of the incident, counsel forwarded the matter to the Norfolk Police Department for investigation. That investigation then resulted in criminal charges against Sarah Sims. As the location of the offense was one of our schools, NPS had a duty to fully cooperate with authorities. This included not commenting on a pending legal matter, as is customary in all school districts.
We are committed to providing high-quality academic instruction to all students in a safe and secure environment. Parents receive the NPS Student Handbook and Code of Conduct at the start of each school year; page 43 #3 addresses electronic recording devices. Should parents or guardians have concerns about their child, they are encouraged to communicate them immediately to the appropriate school-level administrator. Both students and staff are afforded due process in these matters.
Sims was scheduled to have a preliminary hearing Jan. 18.
"I think it was a combination of factors," said Sims' attorney Kristin Paulding. "The strength of their evidence along with some of the public and national outcry that we were getting as a result of what happened to Sarah."
Sims says she plans to have her record expunged and is considering legal action against the city or school system.


text:
We also manufacturer lids, caps, follower/ push plates.
Follower/push plates - for 3 and 5 gallon cans with and without a vent hole
3 gallon lid
Gallon rectangular lid - quart rectangular lid - pint rectangular lid, known also as domes
Gallon round lid - quart round lid - pint round lid
2 1/8 discharge valve - this is what is used on the bottom of a 5 gallon can of putty for dipensing.
BTP does custom packaging and private labeling for our products and yours.
we do blister packing, clam shell packaging, printed bag, header cards , insert cards, hot stamping, bar code printing and label printing.
We also added a thermoformer to make our own blisters.
BTP is also the manufacturer of the chainsaw sharpening vise, the vise is manufactured in our machine shop and packaged by us. MADE IN USA.
We have a full line of autobody spreaders, mixing boards and putty scoops that are manufactured at our facility:
4" straight and beveled edge
5" straight and beveled edge
6" straight and beveled edge
4 different sizes of spot putty spreaders
12" x 12" putty board
6 x 8 putty board
5 x 5 1/2 putty board
2 x 3 rubber spreader
4" tall spreader
radius spreader
gallon putty scoops
quart putty scoops
Any of our products can be packaged in any way a customer wants, we stock white 50 per boxes for 4-5-6 spreaders and 144 per box for the 4 - 5 spreaders. All of our products also come in bulk packaging.


text:
School holidays can be a stressful time for for parents.
Looking for activities for kids to do is tough – which is why we've rounded up a list of activities in west Auckland for kids to enjoy in the first week of holidays.
And, these won't burn a hole in your wallet.
Outdoor Adventure, Henderson (Free)
Meet at the library, make a compass, then walk to Tui Glen Reserve to roast marshmallows on a camp stove and drink hot chocolate. You'll only need to bring your own lunch. For all ages.
Henderson Library: Monday October 2, 10.30am-12.30am
Build a robot, Henderson (Free)
Two full days of learning how to build a smart home device that's operated by internet and using your own smart device. This is for year 12's only and bookings are essential.
Unitec, Waitakere campus: Tuesday, Thursday October 3, 5. Visit unitec.ac.nz to book
Survival Food 101, Henderson (Free)
If you love to bake, or love eating baked food, then this free programme is for you. All ages.
Henderson Library: Wednesday October 4, 2pm-3pm
Bike bash, New Lynn ($10)
School holiday bike games and fun skill building for 8-12 year olds.
1 Olympic Pl, New Lynn: Thursday October 5, 10am-12pm
Safety with dogs, Westgate (Free)
Kids get to learn about dog safety and how to interact with dogs. Suitable for all ages, and it's advisable to arrive early.
Animates, Westgate: Thursday October 5, 11am
Movie and popcorn, Henderson (Free)
Popcorn provided for movie The Karate Kid. Parents please check suitability first. All ages.
Henderson Library: Sunday October 8, 1pm-3pm
– Stuff


text:
Freehills, Allens in M&A victory
COMPETITION TO take the place as top dog in mergers and acquisitions has again begun. While Freehills this year clearly dominated the Thomson Financial M&A Australia and New Zealand tables,
COMPETITION TO take the place as top dog in mergers and acquisitions has again begun. While Freehills this year clearly dominated the Thomson Financial M&A Australia and New Zealand tables, Bloomberg LP named Allens Arthur Robinson the top legal advisor for announced mergers and acquisition deals in the same region this calendar year.
According to Bloomberg, Allens ranked first in the Australian and New Zealand markets, with 27 announced deals worth a total value of US$17,184 (A$23,106) million. But according to Thomson Financial, which used different transaction parameters, the firm was ranked second in both announced and completed deals.
Thomson this year changed the methodology of the tables. While last year only deals worth over US$30 million could be included, this year it allowed "any involvement", a source told Lawyers Weekly. This increased the number of deals included. While Freehills last year included 30 deals, this year, for example, it was allowed to include 121.
Freehills celebrated the breadth of deals in which the firm was involved, and said it has performed consistently well in the M&A market. Since the inception of the Thomson Financial tables, the firm said, it has acted on more M&A deals than any other Australian law firm, "demonstrating the market's confidence in Freehills".
"We're very pleased the Thomson tables confirm our position as Australia's leading M&A law firm. These results reflect the sheer depth and quality of talent in the Freehills M&A team and our dedication to achieving the best results for our clients. We look forward to doing more of the same for the remainder of 2005," said Freehills head of corporate, Mark Crean.
Allens last week celebrated its placement on the Bloomberg tables, and said it was impressed it acted for a broad range of clients over a broad range of transactions. "Although the parameters of the M&A league tables can be debated, I also note that the average size of the transactions we handled was large compared to many of our competitors," said Jon Webster, co-head of Allens' mergers and acquisitions practice group.
Allens this year included about half the deals of competitor Freehills, and made up a rank value of US$21,863 ($29,418) million compared to Freehills' US$29,199 ($39,291) million.
"Although there has been some softening in M&A activity, we are pleased with this strong result. In particular, we have seen a continuation of activity in the infrastructure, manufacturing and listed property trust sectors," said Freehills' Crean.
According to the Thomson tables, Mallesons Stephen Jaques ranked third and Blake Dawson Waldron (BDW) fourth as legal advisers in M&A in the Australia and NZ tables. In what it labelled Thomson's "any involvement" tables, BDW listed 22 deals with a rank value of US$12,572 ($16,918) million. On the Bloomberg Announced Deals table, BDW was ranked third, with 17 deals worth US$12,855 ($17,299) million.
Blakes was given the number two position in the Connect4 M&A advisory league tables, as well. Regarding the results of all the tables, BDW M&A joint practice heads Bill Koeck and Marie McDonald said the results can be attributed to the work the firm has done on some of Australia's biggest M&A deals.
"Our rankings are a reflection of the large number of major deals on which we've advised, including San Miguel's $1.8 billion takeover of National Foods, Ramsay Health Care's $1.4 billion acquisition of Affinity and Australia's biggest-ever cash takeover — BHP Billiton's $9.2 billion acquisition of WMC [Resources]."
Freehills acted on some landmark deals in the past six months, including Transurban's takeover of Hills Motorway, San Miguel's takeover of National foods, Metcash's bid for Foodland and Industry Fund Management's bid for Pacific Hydro. Freehills is also legal adviser to the Australian Government on the Telstra 3 scoping study.
During the past six months, Allens clients in M&A have included WMC Resources, GPT and Southcorp. Regarding its competitors, Allens' Webster said "I'm pleased that our clients have confidence in us when there are many chips on the table to be won or lost."
Mergers and acquisitions work and the nature of the market is changing, said Webster. "The time companies have to make bids or responses is compressing and the nature of the deals means a broader range of legal skills have to be brought in more quickly and seamlessly than ever," he said.
But, he said, the market is looking strong. "We are seeing a continuing strong pipeline of deals underpinned by the relatively strong Australian economy and the robustness of the resources sector," Webster said. "We're optimistic that the workflow will continue into the second half of 2005."


text:
Blackfish Engineering Summer Internship Competition
Your idea could win you an internship with Blackfish Engineering!
Blackfish Engineering Design Ltd is an engineering design house with a speciality for offshore renewable energy projects. This year we are running a competition, offering the chance for an engineering student to join us for a summer placement!
In order to enter the competition, we would like to see your ideas that that solve the challenges the renewable industry faces. For example:
- Offshore wind turbines face an enormous challenge with blade leading edge erosion (due to the tip speed of the blade and the salty local atmosphere).
- Increasing component, sub-system and overall system reliability is a key driver for present tidal turbines.
- Wave energy converter design has not converged on an ideal PTO solution for the oscillatory nature of waves.
- Offshore wind faces many maintenance challenges including the transfer and replacement of large and heavy components in offshore conditions.
These are just a few areas to get your creative juices flowing, we are open to ideas from across a wide spectrum of renewables in all areas from foundations, to control logic, modelling approaches, materials, decommissioning, maintenance strategies and tooling.
The candidates submitting the top three ideas will be invited for interview to discuss the concept presented. Following the interview process a winner will be decided. The winner will receive a paid summer internship (~10 weeks) with Blackfish Engineering. During this placement you will work with the experienced team at Blackfish Engineering to develop your skills and your idea with our support. This work could include CAD modelling, loads and performance analysis, market research activities, small scale testing, business case development and much more.
In order to be in with a chance of winning you will need to answer the following questions:
- What problem/challenge is your idea addressing?
- Outline your concept
- What is the potential market impact?
- What are the biggest obstacles in the development and realisation of this concept?
Contact Blackfish Engineering via firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject "BFCOMP2019" to express your interest in the competition and receive the entry form.
Closing date 31/03/2019
Terms and conditions
These terms and conditions apply to all competitions featured in any publications and online services that are organised by Blackfish Engineering Design Limited ("Blackfish Engineering") (or a third party on Blackfish Engineering's behalf).
By entering a competition, entrants accept these terms and conditions together with any specific instructions and terms for such competition which may be mentioned in any electronic messages, or on the website, or communicated to entrants in any other way ("competition information"). Such competition information shall prevail in the event of there being any inconsistency between these competition terms and conditions and any competition information.
Blackfish Engineering may cancel or amend any competition, competition information, or these terms and conditions without prior notice. Any changes will be posted either within the competition information or these terms and conditions
The competition is open to all residents of the United Kingdom, i.e. England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. For the avoidance of doubt, Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man are not part of the United Kingdom for these purposes. Blackfish Engineering may ask competition winners for proof of UK residency and if a competition winner is unable to prove their residency to Blackfish Engineering's satisfaction (i.e. prove that they are physically present in the UK for 183 days or more in the previous or current UK tax year), Blackfish Engineering reserves the right to select an alternative winner.
The opening and closing dates and times for entries are as indicated in the competition information. Any entries received before the opening and after the closing of the competition will be invalid and will not be entered into the competition.
By entering the competition entrants warrant that all information submitted by them is true, current, and complete. Entrants also warrant that they are the copyright owners of any copyright works submitted, e.g. photographs and drawings, and Blackfish's use of such works (which you will permit) will not infringe the rights of any third party.
Only one entry per person to the competition is permitted. Any additional submissions after the first, will not be considered in the competition.
Entry to the competition is to be made by emailing your completed submission form to email@example.com before the competition closing date.
Blackfish Engineering will not accept responsibility or liability for any error, omission, interruption, deletion, defect, delay in operation or transmission, communications line failure, theft, destruction, alteration of, or unauthorised access to entries, or entries lost or delayed whether or not arising during operation or transmission as a result of server functions (including but not limited to security functions by software used by Blackfish Engineering or any third party), virus, bugs, or other causes outside its control.
Blackfish Engineering will not be liable to reimburse expenses incurred in making an entry in any competition.
The prize is as specified in the competition information.
Blackfish Engineering are solely responsible for the selection of a winner. The decision of Blackfish Engineering is final and irrevocable.
All background intellectual property rights shall remain the property of the owner and the entrant hereby grants to Blackfish Engineering a royalty free, non-exclusive, non-terminable, sub-licensable licence to use the entrant's background intellectual property.
By entering this competition, the entrant transfers ownership of all arising intellectual property in the development of a submission to Blackfish Engineering Design Limited.
Blackfish Engineering (or any third party nominated by Blackfish Engineering) may exercise its sole discretion to use the winner's name, and image and their comments relating to the prize and competition experience for future promotional, marketing and publicity purposes in any media worldwide without notice or without any fee being paid.
The entrant, by submitting personal details, accepts that these details will be managed in accordance with the Blackfish Engineering Privacy Policy BF-PRO-009, which is provided upon expression of interest in the competition.


text:
Unspoken Kit
Use the classic meditation practice of retreat to ignite your creativity! Use a formal set of guidelines to set up a personal, silent retreat in which you will focus on contemplative practices and, more importantly, creating space for your creative energies to grow. The kit includes an instruction booklet on how to do retreat, as well as many of the tools necessary to help you create and maintain a powerful retreat space. Bring the kit, yourself, and whatever tools you need to create into the realm of silence, and discover the your inner artistic voice.
$59Sold on Master Dabblers


text:
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles is looking to fill its pool of applicants for skilled trades jobs at its Brampton Assembly Plant because hundreds of workers are eligible to retire, says the union representing the workers.
The automaker will hold a job fair Oct. 1 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at the plant, at 2000 Williams Parkway E.
FCA Canada didn't immediately respond to interview requests but President of Unifor Local 1285 Jaspal Brar said the company is looking for electricians, millwrights and toolmakers.
Brar said the automaker, then known as Chrysler Corporation, hired the biggest group of people ever at Brampton in September 1987, not long after the automaker acquired the plant in a purchase of American Motors Corp. Thirty years later, hundreds of employees can now retire with a full pension.
"There are people that retiring, and we're running into a shortfall," Brar said. "I guess the well is dry, so I guess they decided to reach out to the general public."
The automaker already has a pool of resumes for production workers, gathered last year, Brar said.
Brar doesn't know precisely how many people will retire, just that hundreds are eligible.
Brar said the automaker is simply filling its resume bank and the job fair has nothing to do with the new paint plant FCA pledged to build as part of a new four-year contract signed with Unifor in September 2016.
"This is just regular business," Brar said of the job fair.
As part of the deal reached in September, the automaker promised to spend $325 million in upgrades at the plant. The union said after negotiations improvements would begin in the summer of 2017 but that hasn't happened. Brar isn't sure why.
"This is something they are keeping really close to their chest. I wish they would disclose some of their cards," Brar said.


text:
Explaining Inventive Destruction
Edwin Jenkin (2018-07-21)
Evolutionary Economics and Artistic Destruction (Graz Schumpeter Lectures, 1). Routledge. Schumpeter was an economist of the Austrian Faculty which advocated a laissez-faire approach to financial coverage and argued that the ephemeral human nature made it unreliable to mathematically mannequin a changing market.
It's a message that is getting some traction, as the federal government-fashioned Committee on the Future Economic system - by way of its Future Company Capabilities and Innovation subcommittee - units out to help firms and trade clusters use technology and new enterprise fashions to create value and keep competitive.
These newly essential firms have been able to outperform the markets for the final two to 3 decades, longer than some other form of firm we all know of. The difference between these partnerships and the standard corporation is their strategy to organizational design.
Jack HossMods a besoin de votre aide pour sa pétition Inventive Destruction Hack and Cheats Android iOS: Inventive Destruction Hack and Cheats Android iOS". In advertising, an example of creative destruction cheat destruction is an ad campaign that targets a brand new and profitable market, while risking alienation of an current one.
Teléfono: (+598) 2359 5478
Fax: (+598) 2354 2052


text:
We are seeking applications for a position on COPE Council. We have six vacancies. In line with COPE's strategic goals and our obligations to meet the needs of all our members, we have highlighted gaps on Council which we are keen to fill.
*On this occasion, we are not seeking to elect candidates from North America. In addition, we will not consider applications from candidates whose discipline is primarily medicine, science, technology, engineering or mathematics.
We are specifically seeking:
(1) candidates with a background in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, including, but not limited to, anthropology, business administration/management, communication studies, economics, education, history, human geography, jurisprudence, linguistics, philosophy, political science, psychology, public health and sociology. Candidates from the UK are especially welcome to apply.*
(2) candidates from China. We will consider all applications from China, regardless of discipline.
In accordance with COPE's constitution, the candidate, or the organisation they represent, must have been an ordinary member of COPE for at least 1 year.
COPE Council is an active, working council. Council meets three times a year; two of the meetings are held by webinar, with the other being a 2–3 day residential meeting incorporating subcommittee meetings and a strategy day. Every other year there is an additional, in person, residential meeting. It is expected that all COPE Council members will attend all of these meetings. Annual seminars and workshops are held in a number of locations worldwide and it is hoped that Council Members will participate in at least one of these.
COPE is governed by the Trustee Board, who are ultimately responsible for the financial, legal and business operations of COPE as a charitable business and gives authority to Council and the Executive Officer and team to manage the day to day affairs of the organisation. Council comprises six subcommittees, and Council Members will be expected to join at least one subcommittee of interest and actively help to achieve the subcommittees' objectives. Other general Council tasks, such as the Forum and responding to member queries, are undertaken electronically. It is anticipated that the work of Council Members amounts to about 2–3 hours per week dependant on the activity at that time. This is in addition to attendance at meetings.
Council Members will be appointed by COPE Council for 3 years, with the possibility to stand for election for an additional 3 years. These are voluntary unpaid positions. It is expected that your employer will cover any expenses as part of your professional development; if this is not feasible, please contact the COPE Administrator for guidance.
Candidates for Council membership will be short-listed by the Nominations subcommittee. Short-listed candidates may be interviewed by telephone, or may be asked to complete a written interview. If the number of short-listed candidates exceeds the number of vacancies, elections will take place. Council Members shall be elected by the Full and Associate General Members with voting rights or (if the candidates are unopposed) by approval of the Trustee Board.
Further details, including a job description, can be found below.
Those who are interested should contact the COPE Administrator for more details on what is expected from Council Members, including details of how to apply for a position on COPE Council.
The closing date for applications is: 3 AUGUST 2018
COPE Council Member: role description
Purpose of role
- To be responsible, together with other Council Members, for the activities of the Committee on Publication Ethics.
Key responsibilities
- Attend and take a full part in meetings of Council by webinar, and attend and take full part in the annual residential meeting
- Attend and contribute to quarterly Forum meetings by webinar
- Take part in additional policy and advisory discussions (usually electronically).
- Take part in subcommittees and other tasks, as agreed by Council.
- Represent COPE externally when required to do so by Council.
Person specification
- Experience of scholarly publishing (in particular, gained as the editor or publisher of a peer-reviewed publication).
- Understanding of ethical issues in scholarly publishing (eg, having published on or with experience of such matters).
- Experience of committee work or involvement with charitable organisations.
- Other expertise that will benefit COPE, such as writing, editing, publishing, training, law, accountancy, charity administration, public relations, human resources, fundraising, etc is welcomed
- Sufficient time to commit to COPE activities, including attending meetings and contributing to the work of Council as required (usually 1-3 hours per week depending on activity at the time).


text:
Dead Letter Trailer
- Follow on WordPress.com
It's All About Me
More Books by Marc!
The Archives …Caution: may cause déjà vu
Here are some of the most intelligent and best looking people from around the world. They're my BBF's (best blogg'n friends)
Daily Archives: April 14, 2017
I am not sure how to write about what has been happening to me for the past five weeks. I have made it through a situation like never before and, like any impacting occurrence in your life, it has left … Continue reading
Posted in health Tagged coping, doctors, frustration, health, hospital, HURT, HURTING, medical, medicine, MRI, NERVE BLOCK, pain, pain management, pills, prescription 2 Comments


text:
This site is entirely user-supported. See how you can help.
We don't have any photos of this building yet. Why don't you be the first to send us one?
Latitude: 51.6022 / 51°36'8"N
Longitude: -0.6349 / 0°38'5"W
OS Eastings: 494641
OS Northings: 190147
OS Grid: SU946901
Mapcode National: GBR F70.G9D
Mapcode Global: VHFSN.YZ7M
Entry Name: Cannon House
Listing Date: 19 May 1950
Last Amended: 24 April 1985
Grade: II
Source: Historic England
Source ID: 1124569
English Heritage Legacy ID: 43710
Location: Beaconsfield, South Bucks, Buckinghamshire, HP9
County: Buckinghamshire
District: South Bucks
Civil Parish: Beaconsfield
Built-Up Area: Beaconsfield
Traditional County: Buckinghamshire
Lieutenancy Area (Ceremonial County): Buckinghamshire
Church of England Parish: Beaconsfield
Church of England Diocese: Oxford
(north side)
No 27 (Canon House)
(formerly listed as
19.5.50 The Yews)
Late C18. Red brick, some of it red colourwashed and with the pointing
painted on ground floor. Three storeys; 5 bays. Ground floor with 2 tripartite
windows, a central door with fanlight with geometrical glazing bars and
in a doorcase with Tuscan pilasters and entablature, with lampholder over,
and 2 sash windows. First and second floors each with 5 sashes, those of
the first floor taller than the others and with a stone course at sill level.
To the left a 2½-storey addition. Brick; tiled roof with 2 dormer windows.
Ground floor with a carriage entrance with modern wrought iron gates and
a tiled canted bay window. First floor with 2 sash windows. To the right,
a single-storeyed part with a tiled C19 canted bay window.
Listing NGR: SU9464190147
This text is from the original listing, and may not necessarily reflect the current setting of the building.
Other nearby listed buildings