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Busting the Newbie Blues is an annual event designed to help new YA book bloggers network with one another and share blogging experiences with other newbie and established bloggers. This event is running throughout the entire month of January. Want to join in? Click here to learn more!
I started putting things together in October 2010, but it went "live" in November 2010.
All the time, and not so much. I'm a shy person and I live under a really big rock, so I feel like I'm always struggling with blogger etiquette and keeping up with social trends.
I pretty much don't even try to "break news" like cover reveals or new book announcements because I'm just not hip enough to compete in that arena. And that's ok. I feel like I've found my own groove when it comes to blogging, and in that regard I don't feel like a newbie anymore.
I do feel like a complete newbie when I talk with authors, publishers, or big bloggers. I pretty much have a running commentary of "They're talking to ME? ME?? Yay! Oh my word, they're talking to me. WHAT DO I SAY??? Oh great, I sound like an idiot."
Probably time management. I'm a "more is more" kind of person, and I've let that mentality slip into my blogging life, for better and for worse. For most of my first year I was posting every day with two reviews per week. That worked for a while, but lately life has gotten busier and I don't think I'll be able to keep up with such a rigorous schedule.
The biggest mistake I made with this was thinking I couldn't deviate from my schedule. I super stressed trying to get everything done, and then I stressed even more over the idea of reducing my schedule. Part of me fears that everyone will abandon me and I'll be letting everyone down by posting less.
But the reality is, many of my favorite blogs do not post every day. And, honestly, if they have a schedule, I haven't kept track. I read them because I enjoy them, and it really doesn't factor in at all whether or not they stick to a schedule or post every day.
In fact, I'm almost relieved when people DON'T post every day because I find it hard to keep up with all of the feeds in my reader. I ended up skipping past posts I wanted to read because I just didn't have time to read them. I need to remember that sometimes less is more.
Statistics. I am a statistics junky, so I pretty much obsessed over my stats for the first, well, for a lot longer than I should have. I compared myself to other bloggers and set monthly goals for all sorts of things.
I dealt with this in two ways. One, I started Busting the Newbie Blues. I was way too shy to start commenting on the big blogs, so I sought out other newbies like myself. I ended up meeting a lot of bloggers who have become good friends and it really helped to know that other people were feeling the same things I was feeling. Plus, I'm not going to lie, the followers boost felt pretty awesome and gave me encouragement at a time when I really needed it.
The second way I dealt with it was to CHILL OUT. This was very hard, and I still struggle with it, but I needed to ignore my stats and take a chill pill. Life goes on, even when my pageviews dip (like over the summer when kids stop Googling "What is the ending of The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle??").
Plus, do you know how much time I spent worrying over and checking my stats? Do you know how many quality posts I could have written during that time? How many books I could have been reading? Spending my time on those pursuits would have been a lot more helpful toward my goal of increasing my stats than spending that time obsessing over my stats.
SO many things. When you're feeling down about your blog, think of all the things YOU have done that have nothing to do with your stats. It can be pretty surprising.
I've done so many things I never thought I could or would do. I've hosted and co-hosted three events, contacted authors and publishers, received books for review, written a LOT of reviews, thought more critically about my reading, written almost daily, created and STUCK WITH a blog for over a year.
These are all things that I DID, even if I was nervous and even if I was busy and even if I was tired. I DID them, and I'm pretty proud of that. Even if you're a tiny newbie blogger, I guarantee you can point to at least a handful of blogging accomplishments you can be proud about. Try it!
The other biggest encouragement has been all of the amazing people I've met. The people who read and comment have been like my own personal cheerleader squad. You encourage me, direct me, give me insight and feedback. Your comments pick me up when I'm feeling down. Do you realize how much you mean to me? So, so much.
- Do what you CAN do and don't stress about the rest.
- You CAN take a break. No one will abandon you. (People will even tell you they miss you!)
- Deviate from your schedule if you want! No one cares as much about your schedule as you do.
- Don't let blogging take over your life!
I love blogs where I feel like I know the blogger--their personality shines through in everything they do. I gravitate toward nicer, happier people. The kind of people who reach out instead of shut out. I don't feel comfortable around mean or cliquish people.
It is very important to me that people feel comfortable on my blog. Whether we agree or disagree on a book, I don't mind at all. I hope everyone feels at ease and that they won't be judged. Everyone is welcome here (unless, well, if someone is making an effort to be mean. Or spam. Those I don't welcome so much).
I also really love it when the blogger replies to comments. I feel like their blog is ten times more welcoming and I'm a lot more likely to comment. I also like asking questions, so it's nice to know they'll be answered.
As for reviews, I love it when a reviewer lays it all out there for me. I don't want spoilers (oh please no spoilers!) or a summary of the whole plot (please no!) but I do want to know things like pacing, if a long book feels long, what the characters are like, what other books is this book like, if it has a slow start but then makes up for it later, does it have insta-love, is there a love triangle, and on and on. I also like knowing WHY they liked or disliked the book. All of this information helps me determine whether or not the book is for me.
I also like rating systems. No, scratch that, I ADORE rating systems. I'm totally lost without them. I don't like descriptive rating systems as much because my memory is horrible so it's hard for me to keep track of what they mean (is "covet" better or worse than "adore"??). But oh for the love of numbers! Show me frogs or diamonds or stars or owls--whatever. If I can count it, then I'm happy.
I try to do all of this and I hope I've succeeded (but please tell me if I haven't!).
Negativity. Reviews that tell me nothing about the book. Reviews that are summaries. Clutter. Difficult to read fonts. Slow loads. Broken scripts. Disorganization. No review index.
Basically, I want to be able to find your posts, physically read them without hurting my eyes, and come away happy and with more information about the book than I had before.
I hope I avoid these things, but if I don't, please tell me! Really!
Busting the Newbie Blues! Seriously. Outside of that, I commented a lot, registered my blog with search engines, worked on making my post titles SEO friendly, and threw myself into blogging.
ARCs for me have been a strange and inconsistent experience.
Before I started blogging, I posted reviews on Amazon and, based on that, I was able to get some e-ARCs through NetGalley. I was denied by HarperTeen (they STILL love denying my requests), but Houghton Mifflin Harcourt approved me!
Then I jumped into blogging, and after only about a month I got my first ARC from Goodreads First Reads program (and if you know much about my favorite authors, you know what a love affair THAT started for me!). I received one more ARC from them early on...and nothing since.
It's been hit or miss since then, but what I've taken away from my ARC experiences so far is this:
- I am still very confused as to what criteria publishers use for determining who gets ARCs, when, and why
- Getting ARCs is like feast of famine. I'll get a bunch of them, and then nothing for a while, and then another surge
- I get ARCs when I least expect them
- A denial does not necessarily mean there is something wrong with me
- The longer I blog consistently and well, the more likely I am to be approved
- Getting ARCs is like getting presents and work all rolled into one package
- It's nice getting ARCs, but it's not something to stress or obsess over


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https://urbancurandera.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/logo-text-top-the-healer-transparent.png 0 0 twosisters https://urbancurandera.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/logo-text-top-the-healer-transparent.png twosisters2016-06-06 13:21:582016-06-06 21:23:32Embroidery For All
3 hours, $50, 8 peeps.
Embroidery For All
NO MORE WHINING! "But I don't know how….like what would i use that for…..thats old time grandma stuffff…I dont have time…" You know what? Yes you do, and you can do all sorts of cool ass shit that helps calm your mind, rest your body and makes your home, clothing and life look like works of art, not to mention #bestgiftsever
You will leave with a beginning embroidery kit, a completed basic project, and a start on a new project.
3 hours, $50, 8 peeps.
Next Class is: TBD, sooonly.
Contact me to send payment via the magical PayPal. This is how I know you are for serious.
Bring a snack to share. Stitchers get hungry, yo.

subset: commoncrawl


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You can find them all over the place now. What you ask? Well it is a portable hard drive that will work with my iOS devices including the iPhone, iPad or iPad Touch. Since these drives have come out in the last few months many people have asked, "Why do I need an additional drive if my device already has storage?" Let me take a moment and answer that question.
I have been using the Kingston Wi-Drive for the last week or so and I also wondered why I need additional storage for my phone myself, until recently. The other day, I went out of town with three iOS devices and I found the answer: I can have the same movies and music playing across the 3 different devices at the same time.
No more having to worry about syncing both the iPad and the iPod touch to a computer. This Kingston Application available from the Apple App Store allows me to see everything that is on the Wi-Drive and play it across multiple devices without the files being directly on the device. So no more worrying about taking time to ensure that every movie is synced to multiple devices. All you need to do is hook up your Wi-Drive to a computer and it acts just like an external hard drive where you can literally just drag and drop files.
How does it work? The Wi-Drive creates its own wireless network that each of the iOS devices can attach to. The default is "Wi-Drive" but that can be both changed and encrypted so you can control who you are sharing with. Once I am connected to the Wi-Drive network and I launch the application from my devices I can navigate through the drive and either listen to music, watch a movie, or look at pictures.
Wi-Drive iPhone Screen Shot
Finally the Wi-Drive can create a bridged connection to the Internet using my wireless connection at home. So that means not only can I share content to multiple devices, but I do not lose my internet connection.
The Kingston Wi-Drive is available in 2 sizes 16GB and 32GB and are both available at abt.com.
-Chad Taylor


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Influenced by Modern design trends in Europe, Vanity Fair in 1929 got rid of all capital letters in their headlines. A few months later, the capital letters were reinstated and the design change was accompanied by a letter from the editor called "A Note on Typography", reprinted in full on Design Observer.
The eye and the mind can adapt themselves to new forms with surprising ease. An innovation stands out at first like a sore thumb but before it has passed its infancy it has become invisible to the conscious eye. The unconscious eye, however, is another matter. It is vaguely dulled by the stale and hackneyed, it is antagonized by the tasteless and inept, and it is completely stopped by the involved and illegible. The unconscious eye is a remorseless critic of all art forms, it awards the final fame and final oblivion.


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|Maxminimus' gift, photographed by Boy Fenwick
in the gardening barn at Darlington House
Maxminimus sent it to me, he said, because of the post I wrote awhile back, on Charleston Receipts. He thought I might like it. And he was right.
|It is always so nice to have a book inscribed by its giver
Photograph by Boy Fenwick
It is not a particularly weighty tome, but it is one that resonates and ripples beyond its covers. I highly recommend it to you, Dear Reader.
|Mrs. Whaley's Charleston garden
Image courtesy of Preservation Nation
Mrs. Emily Whaley, who died in 1998 at the ripe age of eighty-seven, was of a vanishing breed of women that once spread throughout this country, whose population has been sadly depleted by the passage of time, the spiraling cost of living, and the supposed benefits of "progress." She was of a class of women, largely wives and mothers, who were raised in a culture that valued tradition, continuity, self-discipline, service to others, and positive thinking. While some, like Mrs. Whaley, were raised in affluence, it was not a prerequisite for belonging to this breed of women. An appreciation for thrift and economy were also among its hallmarks. They planned ahead.
|Mrs. Emily Whaley with landscape architect Loutrel Briggs
Photographed in the 1970s
Mr. Briggs designed Mrs. Whaley's garden in 1940
Image courtesy of the Cultural Landscape Foundation
I was quite charmed by Mrs. Whaley's book, the stories she tells in its pages, and the nuggets of wisdom she shares. The book is full of her keen observations and sensible opinions on matters ranging from working with others, marriage, raising a family, faith, getting involved, and being active. She genuinely liked people, was appreciative of the advantages she had either been given or worked hard for, loved her dog Rosie, and didn't take herself (or others) too seriously. She was happy to poke fun at herself. And she was a worker, too—whether it be in her garden, helping out family members or friends, or toiling on behalf of a worthy cause.
|Mrs. Emily Whaley with her beloved Rosie
sitting in her Charleston garden in 1997
Photographed by Milton Morris
Image courtesy of Workman Publishing Group
In short, Mrs. Whaley was a lady. In the very best sense of the word. She was someone that one would be proud to have as a mother or as a wife. And she was a person that one would most certainly be honored to count as a treasured friend.
Thank you, Maxie, for introducing me to the delightful Mrs. Whaley.
Reggie is sure that you will enjoy Mrs. Whaley's memoir as much as he did, Dear Reader. It can be ordered here from its publisher, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. It is also most likely available in print and on ebooks at your local public library.


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Looking for an internet marketing company that's RIGHT for you? Here's a live interview with Cleanfax Magazine's Executive Editor Jeff Cross:
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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal
versão On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versão impressa ISSN 0256-9574
SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. vol.100 no.9 Pretoria Set. 2010
Prolonged deferral of antiretroviral therapy in the SAPIT trial: did we need a clinical trial to tell us that this would increase mortality?
Andrew Boulle; Polly Clayden; Karen Cohen; Ted Cohen; Francesca Conradie; Krista Dong; Nathan Geffen; Ashraf Grimwood; Rocio Hurtado; Christopher Kenyon; Stephen Lawn; Gary Maartens; Graeme Meintjes; Marc Mendelson; Megan Murray; Molebogeng Rangaka; Ian Sanne; David Spencer; Jantjie Taljaard; Ebrahim Variava; W D Francois Venter; Douglas Wilson
Tuberculosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIVinfected patients in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV infection is often first diagnosed following a diagnosis of tuberculosis, with many patients needing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Starting ART in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis (TB) may be associated with complications, including side-effects from co-administration of multiple drugs with many overlapping toxicities, reductions in concentrations of certain antiretroviral drugs following the induction of metabolising enzymes and drug transporters by rifampicin, and paradoxical deterioration due to the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Furthermore, the high pill burden of co-treatment could reduce adherence, resulting in poor treatment outcomes for both diseases. These potential harms must be weighed against the high mortality rates in patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis who do not receive ART, especially those with low CD4 counts. The optimal time to initiate ART in patients with tuberculosis is an important research question, and randomised controlled trials are addressing this issue.
Interim results of the South African Starting Antiretroviral Therapy at Three Points in Tuberculosis Therapy (SAPIT) study have been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.1 The SAPIT investigators are the first group to publish controlled data on when to initiate ART in patients with TB. Patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB and CD4 counts below 500 cells/µl were randomised to start ART in one of three phases of TB treatment: within 4 weeks of starting TB therapy; within 4 weeks after the completion of the intensive phase of TB therapy (2 or 3 months of 4 or 5 anti-TB drugs for patients with new or retreatment TB, respectively); or within 4 weeks after the completion of TB treatment (6 or 8 months for patients with new or retreatment TB, respectively). Recruitment into the latter group (the sequential arm) was stopped prematurely by the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) when it was found that mortality was significantly higher in this group compared with the groups that started ART during TB therapy. Mortality largely occurred in patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/µl. The groups starting ART during and after the intensive phase of TB treatment completed enrolment, and results are still pending.
When the SAPIT study was done we believe that their trial design was appropriate to investigate the optimal treatment strategy for the sub-set of patients with CD4 cell counts in the range 200 -500 cells/µl. In contrast, however, we believe that it was predictable that patients with advanced disease (CD4 counts <200 cells/µl) would experience higher mortality if ART was deferred for a long period and that these patients should not have been enrolled. These views were expressed in a letter and a short commentary, and on blogs by bioethicists and clinicians.2-5 The SAPIT investigators and several international researchers have defended the study design.3-7 However, none of these forums allowed for a thorough exploration of the ethical issues and the evidence related to outcomes in patients with HIV-associated TB that was available when the SAPIT study was conducted.
We explore in greater detail the key ethical issues raised by the SAPIT study and the relevant clinical evidence available to the researchers at the time the study started. The latter point is important, as people who have defended the SAPIT study have accused critics of employing current evidence rather than evidence that was available when the study commenced in mid-2005.6,7 We do not question the integrity of the researchers who conducted the study, several of whom are highly respected for their considerable contributions to HIV research in Africa. Responsibility for ethical study design and protection of patients participating in research is shared between investigators, ethics committees, regulatory bodies, and data and safety monitoring boards. We believe that people involved in research involving human subjects at all these levels can learn important lessons from the issues raised by the SAPIT study.
Clinical evidence
African studies, including three from South Africa, have reported mortality rates of patients with HIV-associated TB not on ART stratified by the degree of immune suppression.8-12 We extracted data on mortality at 6 months from these studies, as this is the duration of TB therapy for patients with first episodes of TB (Table I). All studies show dramatic increases in mortality as CD4 declines, with 6-month mortality rates of 17% to 51% in patients with CD4 counts of 200 cells/µl and below. Three studies showed that mortality in patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/µl was similar in patients with and without TB.8,10,11 Patients in the SAPIT study were all sputum smear positive and received prophylactic co-trimoxazole, both of which are associated with lower mortality.13,14 Nevertheless it is clear that mortality is high during the course of TB therapy in patients with advanced HIV disease without ART.
The most important potential cause of harm resulting from starting ART with TB therapy is the development of IRIS, which occurs more commonly with earlier initiation of ART. At the time the SAPIT study started a systematic review of IRIS related to mycobacterial infections was published - the authors described life-threatening IRIS reactions in patients with TB, but failed to find a single fatal case reported in the literature.15 A more recent meta-analysis estimated the incidence of paradoxical TB IRIS to be 15%, with mortality among these of 3%.16 Extrapolating from these data, an estimated 0.45% of patients with HIV-associated TB starting ART die as a result of paradoxical TB IRIS.
Apart from IRIS, the complications of co-treatment with ART and TB drugs have not been associated with increased mortality. Rifampicin, a key component of TB therapy, induces many drugmetabolising enzymes and drug transporters, which can lead to reductions in concentrations of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), used in first-line ART regimens, and may impair responses to ART. At the time of the SAPIT study it was recognised that efavirenz was the preferred NNRTI to be used with rifampicin-based TB therapy, with limited but good outcome data, and this was recommended in both the national and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines implemented at the time.17,18 Efavirenz was used in the SAPIT study. Data on overlapping drug toxicities of ART and TB drugs were limited at the time of the SAPIT study, but we found no evidence to suggest that these were associated with an increased risk of mortality.
Two retrospective studies, published before the SAPIT study started, showed reductions in mortality and new opportunistic diseases in patients starting ART during TB therapy compared with those who deferred ART.19,20 Another study found that outcomes were similar for patients without TB starting ART and for those starting ART during TB treatment.21
In summary, the evidence available to the SAPIT investigators when the study started showed that HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/µl have high mortality during TB treatment, that TB IRIS is associated with a low risk of mortality (with none reported when the SAPIT study started), that effective ART regimens were available that could be taken with TB treatment, and that ART reduced mortality when commenced during TB treatment.
The cited studies to obtain this evidence are observational. Randomised controlled trials provide a better level of evidence than observational studies, as the randomisation process should ensure that groups are well matched - this is the main rationale for the SAPIT study. However, numerous randomised controlled trials have been done on ART regimens over the past two decades. The monotherapy antiretroviral era was the last time that no therapy or placebo was used for patients with advanced HIV disease. Once reductions in mortality had been shown with monotherapy, subsequent trials compared monotherapy with dual therapy, and then dual therapy with triple therapy, which resulted in dramatic reductions in mortality and is the current standard of ART care.22
The key point is that ART is directed at suppressing HIV replication, resulting in gradual recovery of the immune system. The benefit of ART in reducing the frequency of opportunistic diseases and mortality follows from this immune recovery. ART has no direct effect on any opportunistic diseases such as TB. Any study of the timing of initiation of ART for HIV-associated complications must be mindful of the extensive evidence base that exists for ART.
Ethical issues
For randomisation to occur, published data should show conflicting or ambiguous results resulting in substantial clinical uncertainty, so that at the time of randomisation there is an equal (balanced) risk of individual patients experiencing either harm or benefit in any of the study arms.23 This situation is called equipoise. The investigators of the SAPIT study have claimed that there was equipoise, with the principal investigator stating 'When you put them on ARVs, they died. When you didn't, they died. We were at sea. As discussed, '3 we found evidence that ART significantly reduced mortality in patients with HIV-associated TB and could not find fatal cases of TB IRIS reported in the literature before the SAPIT study started. The other complications of TB/HIV co-treatment are unlikely to cause significant increases in mortality. In our view, none of the concerns about TB/HIV co-treatment overrules the high risk of untreated HIV infection in patients with advanced disease.
The SAPIT investigators also argued7 that the 2003 WHO ART guidelines18 support their view that there was equipoise, citing the following text: 'The optimal time to initiate ART in patients with TB is not known.'
The WHO guidelines go on to state (italics our emphasis): 'Case-fatality rates in many patients with TB during the first 2 months of TB treatment are high, particularly when they present with advanced HIV disease, and ART in this setting might be lifesaving. On the other hand, pill burden, drug-to-drug interaction, potential toxicity and immune reconstitution syndrome should be kept in mind when deciding on the best time to begin treatment ... Pending current studies, WHO recommends that ART in patients with CD4 cell counts below 200/mm3 be started between two weeks and two months after the start of TB therapy, when the patient has stabilized on this therapy. This provisional recommendation is meant to encourage rapid initiation of therapy in patients among whom there may be a high mortality rate. However, deferring the start of ART may be reasonable in a variety of clinical scenarios. For example, in patients with higher CD4 cell counts the commencement of ART may be delayed until after the induction phase of TB therapy is completed in order to simplify the management of treatment.'
We agree with these views in the 2003 WHO ART guidelines. For patients with CD4 counts below 200 cells/µl there was equipoise for comparing different time-points for starting ART during the intensive phase of TB treatment (or possibly shortly after the intensive phase, as with one group in the SAPIT trial). For patients with CD4 counts above 200 cells/µl there may have been equipoise for starting ART shortly after TB treatment.
Standard of care
Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects in the World Medical Association's Declaration of Helsinki24 recommend that 'the best current' intervention should be provided as the standard of care to patients in studies, including those in the control group, except when there is no intervention (which is not the case for HIV infection) or 'where for compelling and scientifically sound methodological reasons the use of placebo is necessary to determine the efficacy or safety of an intervention and the patients who receive placebo or no treatment will not be subject to any risk of serious or irreversible harm'. The latter point is intended primarily for conditions with minor morbidity, and they go on to state: 'Extreme care must be taken to avoid abuse of this option.' The Declaration of Helsinki is internationally recommended for medical research and all research projects in South Africa should abide by its principles.
Insisting on the 'best current' standard of care has been criticised, as standards of care may differ in high-and low-income countries, and important research could be stifled in developing countries.25 The WHO 2003 ART guidelines18 differed substantially from guidelines for high-income countries at the time (e.g. standardised regimens, lower CD4 threshold for starting ART), but set the standard of care for resource-limited settings and allowed for rapid scale-up of ART globally.
The 2004 South African ART guidelines,17 largely based on the WHO guidelines, recommended the following for starting ART in patients with TB: 'If the patient has a history of WHO stage IV illness, and/or a CD4 count of less than 200 cells/mm3 , complete 2 months of TB therapy before commencing ART. If the patient has a CD4 count of less than 50 cells/mm3 , or other serious HIV-related illnesses, make sure that the patient is tolerating TB treatment before initiating ART.'
Consequently, care for patients in the group who delayed ART until after TB treatment in the SAPIT study with CD4 counts below 200 cells/µl was below the standard of care. On ethical considerations of the standard of care, Lie et al. state: 'Participants should not be denied any treatments with significant benefits that they would ordinarily receive. In this sense, research participants should be no worse off than they would be if they did not participate in the trial.'25 Patients in Durban with HIV-associated TB and CD4 counts below 200 cells/ µl would have been better off had they been given the prescribed standard of care in the South African health system at the time rather than enrolled into the sequential arm of the SAPIT study.
The SAPIT investigators argue that patient safety in the deferred ART group was ensured by the protocol allowing clinicians to start ART at any point if the patients deteriorated.7 We do not accept that this ensures patient safety, as patients with low CD4 counts may appear relatively well one day and then deteriorate rapidly with life-threatening conditions such as bacterial infections or pneumocystis pneumonia. It may be too late at this point to intervene with ART, which works by suppressing viral replication, resulting in improvement of CD4 count and function. This takes months to achieve in most patients.
Suggestions for a way forward
The issues we have raised have implications for the future conduct of clinical trials and patient safety in South Africa. Research ethics committees face a daunting task, with the explosion of medical knowledge making it difficult for them to find appropriate independent reviewers for research protocols from their own institutions. One option would be the development of a South African registry of reviewers, which would need to respect the intellectual property of the research protocols. Investigators should provide detailed information on the current standard of care, and any study offering less than this standard should undergo wide consultation before the study is passed. Research ethics committees should consider requesting reviews from other institutions, locally and internationally, more frequently than at present, especially with interventional studies. It is not mandatory for studies to be passed by research ethics committees/institutional review boards of the institutions of all investigators, except under certain circumstances (e.g. if the funding comes from a foreign institution and the research is conducted in South Africa, then the foreign investigator institutions should also review the study). However, it is desirable that studies be reviewed by all these institutions, as this increases the chances that problems can be identified. Finally, the ethical training of investigators and the capacity of ethics committees in South Africa should be improved.
1. Abdool Karim SS, Naidoo K, et al. Timing of initiation of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 697-706. [ Links ]
2. Wilson D, Meintjes G. Timing of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2137. [ Links ]
3. Cohen J. Bioethicists assail a celebrated TB/HIV treatment trial. Science 2010; 328: 799-801. [ Links ]
4. Philpott S, Schuklenk U. A study that should not have been done. 5 May 2010. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/Bioethicsforum/Post.aspx?id=4626& blogid=140#ixzz0qRT08kb2 (accessed 9 June 2010). [ Links ]
5. Sonnabend J. An unethical study? 18 May 2010. http://blogs.poz.com/joseph/archives/2010/05/an_unethical_study.html (accessed 5 July 2010). [ Links ]
6. Cullinan K. TB trial splits HIV community. http://www.health-e.org.za/news/article.php?uid=20032822 (accessed 9 June 2010). [ Links ]
7. Abdool Karim SS, El-Sadr W, Friedland G. Timing of antiretroviral drugs during tuberculosis therapy. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 2137. [ Links ]
8. Whalen CC, Nsubuga P, Okwera A, et al. Impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on survival of HIV-infected adults: a prospective epidemiologic study in Uganda. AIDS 2000; 14: 1219-1228. [ Links ]
9. Murray J, Sonnenberg P, Shearer SC, Godfrey-Faussett P. Human immunodeficiency virus and the outcome of treatment for new and recurrent pulmonary tuberculosis in African patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159: 733-740. [ Links ]
10. Van der Sande MA, van der Loeff MF, Bennett RC, et al. Incidence of tuberculosis and survival after its diagnosis in patients infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2. AIDS 2004; 18: 1933-1941. [ Links ]
11. Badri M, Ehrlich R, Pulerwitz T, Wood R, Maartens G. Association between tuberculosis and HIV disease progression in a high tuberculosis prevalence area. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001; 5: 225-232. [ Links ]
12. Churchyard GJ, Kleinschmidt I, Corbett EL, Murray J, Smit J, De Cock KM. Factors associated with an increased case-fatality rate in HIV-infected and noninfected South African gold miners with pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4: 705-712. [ Links ]
13. Connolly C, Davies GR, Wilkinson D. Impact of the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic on mortality among adults with tuberculosis in rural South Africa, 1991-1995. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1998; 2: 919-925. [ Links ]
14. Wiktor SZ, Sassan-Morokro M, Grant AD, et al. Efficacy of trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole prophylaxis to decrease morbidity and mortality in HIV1-infected patients with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 1469-1475. [ Links ]
15. Lawn SD, Bekker LG, Miller RF. Immune reconstitution disease associated with mycobacterial infections in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretrovirals. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 361-373. [ Links ]
16. Müller M, Wandel S, Colebunders R, Attia S, Furrer H, Egger M. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients starting antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2010; 10: 251-261. [ Links ]
17. Department of Health. National Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines, 1st edition, 2004. http://www.hst.org.za/uploads/files/sa_ART_Guidelines1.pdf (accessed 2 March 2010). [ Links ]
18. World Health Organization. Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-limited Settings: Treatment Guidelines for a Public Health Approach. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2003. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591552.pdf (accessed 14 June 2010). [ Links ]
19. Dean GL, Edwards SG, Ives NJ, et al. Treatment of tuberculosis in HIV-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2002; 16: 75-83. [ Links ]
20. Dheda K, Lampe FC, Johnson MA, Lipman MC. Outcome of HIV-associated tuberculosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2004; 190: 1670-1676. [ Links ]
21. Hung CC, Chen MY, Hsiao CF, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Chang SC. Improved outcomes of HIV-1-infected adults with tuberculosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2003; 17: 2615-2622. [ Links ]
22. Jordan R, Gold L, Cummins C, Hyde C. Systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence for increasing numbers of drugs in antiretroviral combination therapy. BMJ 2002; 324: 757. [ Links ]
23. Ashcroft R. Equipoise, knowledge and ethics in clinical research and practice. Bioethics 1999; 13: 314-326. [ Links ]
24. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/index.html (accessed 2 March 2010). [ Links ]
25. Lie RK, Emanuel E, Grady C, Wendler D. The standard of care debate: the Declaration of Helsinki versus the international consensus opinion. J Med Ethics 2004; 30: 190-193. [ Links ]
Andrew Boulle, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Polly Clayden, HIV I-Base;
Karen Cohen, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Ted Cohen, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health;
Francesca Conradie, Clinical HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg;
Krista Dong, iTEACH/Edendale Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School;
Nathan Geffen, Treatment Action Campaign;
Ashraf Grim wood, Kheth'Impilo;
Rocio Hurtado, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School;
Christopher Kenyon, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Stephen Lawn, Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, and Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infec tious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine;
Gary Maartens, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, De partment of Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Graeme Meintjes, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Marc Mendelson, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Megan Murray, Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Ep idemiology, Harvard School of Public Health;
Molebogeng Rangaka, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town;
Ian Sanne, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand;
David Spencer, Toga Molecular Laboratory, Edenvale, Johannesburg;
Jantjie Taljaard, Division of Infectious Dis eases, Department of Medicine, Tygerberg Academic Hospital and Stellenbosch University;
Ebrahim Variava, Department of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex;
W D Francois Venter, Re productive Health and HIV Research Unit, University of the Wit watersrand;
Douglas Wilson, Department of Medicine, Edendale Hospital and University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Corresponding author: G Maartens (email@example.com)


text:
Gad Murenzi's dream of becoming a medical doctor was nearly derailed when the ambitious high school student was offered a scholarship to study agriculture in Egypt.
Instead, he attended medical school in his native Rwanda and is now poised to help the small, East African country make dramatic strides in the area of public health.
As an Einstein research fellow in the department of pathology, Dr. Murenzi is training to improve screening methods and reduce the number of Rwandan women that die from HIV-related cancers.
Gad Murenzi, M.D. studying pathology with his mentor Tiffany Hebert, M.D."It's an opportunity to make an immediate impact," said the 28-year-old, who is training under the mentorship of Dr. Tiffany Hebert, assistant professor of pathology at Einstein, and attending pathologist and director of anatomic pathology education for the residency program at Montefiore Medical Center.
Since arriving at Einstein in February 2012, after working for one year at a police hospital in Kigali, Dr. Murenzi spends part of his days sitting with Dr. Hebert at a dual-headed microscope. He is learning to look at specimens and formulate a diagnosis, particularly of lower genital tract neoplasia and women's cancers related to HIV infection, such as cervical cancer. Dr. Murenzi will also gain exposure to other HIV-related malignancies including non-Hodgkins lymphoma. His new-found expertise is desperately needed in Rwanda, where pathology remains critically limited.
In fact, his native country is home to only two or three pathologists who service a population of nearly 12 million people, and neither of the specialists is a native of Rwanda.
"Many doctors don't know what pathology is," Dr. Murenzi said, noting that samples processed through the in-country system require an average of three weeks for results, with a number of samples lost in the process of transport and processing. "People either die or come in at really late stages, when the cancer has spread."
Risk factors, including multiple sexual partners and a high incidence of rape during the 1994 genocide, have produced a high rate of women living with HIV.
Still, no systematic screening and treatment program currently exists for cervical cancer, the most common malignancy among Rwandan women, or HPV, which women with HIV are at a greater risk of developing.
The Bronx, which has a high prevalence of HIV-infection, offers the perfect training ground for the young doctor.
Marc Sklar, M.D. speaks with trainees in a photo lab in Rwanda"He is getting to see things that would be comparable to Rwanda," said Dr. Hebert, who hopes to travel to Rwanda next year, after Dr. Murenzi returns home. "One challenge is training him on expensive equipment that he won't have access to in Rwanda."
The plan is to train Dr. Murenzi so he can do work with cervical cancers, and later be trained in full fledged pathology, perhaps in Nairobi or South Africa. He can then pay it forward to help train future pathologists in Rwanda.
"The idea is to fill a stop-gap so there's someone who can do that work with services," said Dr. Hebert, who completed her anatomic and clinical residency at Einstein-Montefiore, followed by a fellowship in cytology and subspecial training in gynecology pathology.
Dr. Murenzi's opportunity was made possible by a generous NIH training grant under principal investigator Dr. Kathryn Anastos, professor of medicine and epidemiology & population health at Einstein, attending physician in medicine at Montefiore and co-director of Einstein's Global Health Center.
The grant, "Developing Rwandan Research Capacity in AIDS Malignancies," is part of a capacity-building effort to help the Rwandan government handle its own HIV-related malignancies and other non-communicable diseases.
"Rwanda will go from having one of the highest cervical cancer death rates in the world to having one of the lowest," said Dr. Anastos, whose community-based work in Rwanda has provided the first cervical cancer screening in the country. "Rwanda has developed one of the most successful HIV anti-retroviral treatment programs in the world."
As founder of Women's Equity in Access to Care and Treatment (WE-ACTx), a community-based organization devoted to developing high-quality ambulatory medical services for HIV-infected women in Rwanda, Dr. Anastos collaborates with the Rwandan government and non-governmental organizations to provide comprehensive HIV primary care, including antiretroviral therapy to women survivors of genocidal rape.
Her Rwanda activities resulted in the development of two community-based clinics that have brought 5,000 women, men and children into care, and an HIV-testing program that in three years tested over 48,000 people.
The next step for the country's health plan is to train Rwandan doctors, nurses and pharmacists to provide comprehensive cervical cancer screening and prevention, and to maintain a national cancer registry, which until recently, did not exist. To date, cancer treatments have been limited to minimal chemotherapy and surgery. There are no radiation therapy facilities, although the country recently got its first MRI machine.
Einstein student Lukas Austin-Page assists during a PAP smear training while Lisa Nathan, M.D. (burgundy top) observesMeanwhile, in an effort to maximize his training, Dr. Murenzi will take a course in the Clinical Research Training Program (CRTP) and rotate in cytology under the guidance of Dr. Mark Suhrland, director of cytopathology at Montefiore, so he can better understand cervical screenings. He also will shadow Dr. Mark Einstein, director of clinical research for women's health and gynecologic oncology at Einstein and Montefiore, who is nationally known for his work in HIV-related disease and cervical dysplasia.
When he is not with Dr. Hebert at Montefiore's Weiler Hospital, Dr. Murenzi is busy attending grand rounds, didactic lectures, and gynecology tumor board meetings, which provide a wider context to see cancer cases.
In January, Rwanda is expected to initiate its National Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Program in five hospitals throughout the country. Through Einstein's capacity-building grant, the College of Medicine will act as Rwanda's partner for program implementation in one reference hospital, which will be supervising 18 health centers that will serve as screening sites.
Einstein faculty, including Dr. Marc Sklar, clinical assistant professor of obstetrics & gynecology and women's health, will head to the East African nation to lead the training. In implementing the initiative's training and research, he will be joined by Rwandan physicians Drs. Jean Claude Dusingize and Jean D'Amour Sinayobye, who previously earned their master's degrees through Einstein's CRTP.
"During the first year, we anticipate that we will screen more than 600,000 Rwandan women, aged 35 to 45, for HPV, at five hospitals," said Dr. Anastos. "Any detected lesions will be treated immediately with cryotherapy, while more advanced cancers will be treated accordingly."
In addition, Dr. Murenzi's own springtime return to Rwanda will come at a pivotal time. "He becomes a very valuable resource to his homeland because of his training in cervical cancer and cervical pathology," said Dr. Anastos, while also noting that Dr. Hebert will be available to guide Dr. Murenzi in the event he encounters anything he's unsure of. "Gad's skills will be extremely important as new cases of cancer are identified through the screening program."
Dr. Murenzi looks forward to returning home to his wife and family while also helping move pathology in Rwanda forward.
"This is a life-changing experience," he said. "There's a lot of work to do."
Posted on: Tuesday, January 15, 2013


text:
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text:
Congratulations, Pope! You decided to resign!
Papacy will remain vacant after 28 February until a new Pope has been selected.
Papacy will remain vacant! Such a good news! I hope Papacy remains vacant forever and never a successor is chosen. The current Pope committed crimes against humanity. His successor will most likely continue committing crimes. We know about the crimes of Popes.
The Pope is regarded as the successor of St. Peter, the Apostle. Jesus gave the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven to St. Peter…
The Keys of the kingdom of Heaven! Just a myth. People should not be mythguided. Time to close Papacy. Make the Vatican a museum of human stupidity.


text:
CBS, America's #1 network, will premiere nearly all of its new and returning series during official premiere week (Sept. 23-29), following the Network's Sept. 22 broadcast of THE 65TH PRIMETIME EMMY AWARDS, which will air live, 8:00-11:00 PM, ET/5:00-8:00 PM, PT.
HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER, entering its final season, returns with a special one-hour episode on Monday, Sept. 23 (8:00-9:00 PM, ET/PT).
The new comedy MOM premieres Monday, Sept. 23 (9:30-10:00 PM, ET/PT) followed by the freshman drama HOSTAGES (10:00-11:00 PM, ET/PT). Freshman comedy WE ARE MEN will premiere a week later on Monday, Sept. 30 (8:30-9:00 PM, ET/PT).
CBS's new Thursday two-hour comedy block premieres Sept. 26 with the return of THE BIG BANG THEORY (8:00-8:30 PM, ET/PT), new comedies THE MILLERS (8:30-9:00 PM, ET/PT) and THE CRAZY ONES (9:00-9:30 PM, ET/PT) followed by TWO AND A HALF MEN (9:30-10:00 PM, ET/PT).
For the 11th time in the past 12 seasons, SURVIVOR will get an early start to the season when it returns with a special 90-minute premiere on Wednesday, Sept. 18.
CBS's mid-season drama INTELLIGENCE will premiere Monday, Feb. 24 (10:00-11:00 PM, ET/PT).
CBS's 2013-2014 Premiere Dates
Wednesday, Sept. 18
8:00-9:30 PM SURVIVOR (27th edition premiere)
Sunday, Sept. 22
Monday, Sept. 23
8:00-9:00 PM HOW I MET YOUR MOTHER (9th season premiere)
9:00-9:30 PM 2 BROKE GIRLS (3rd season premiere)
9:30-10:00 PM MOM (Series Debut)
10:00-11:00 PM HOSTAGES (Series Debut)
Tuesday, Sept. 24
8:00-9:00 PM NCIS (11th season premiere)
9:00-10:00 PM NCIS: LOS ANGELES (5th season premiere)
10:00-11:00 PM PERSON OF INTEREST (3rd season premiere)
Wednesday, Sept. 25
9:00-10:00 PM CRIMINAL MINDS (9th season premiere)
10:00-11:00 PM CSI: CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION (14th season premiere)
Thursday, Sept. 26
8:00-8:30 PM THE BIG BANG THEORY (7th season premiere)
8:30-9:00 PM THE MILLERS (Series Debut)
9:00-9:30 PM THE CRAZY ONES (Series Debut)
9:30-10:00 PM TWO AND A HALF MEN (11th season premiere)
10:00-11:00 PM ELEMENTARY (2nd season premiere)
Friday, Sept. 27
8:00-9:00 PM UNDERCOVER BOSS (5th season premiere)
9:00-10:00 PM HAWAII FIVE-0 (4th season premiere)
10:00-11:00 PM BLUE BLOODS (4th season premiere)
Saturday, Sept. 28
10:00-11:00 PM 48 HOURS (26th season premiere)
Sunday, Sept. 29
7:00-8:00 PM 60 MINUTES (46th season premiere)
8:00-9:00 PM THE AMAZING RACE (23rd edition premiere)
9:00-10:00 PM THE GOOD WIFE (5th season premiere)
10:00-11:00 PM THE MENTALIST (6th season premiere)
Monday, Sept. 30
8:30-9:00 PM WE ARE MEN (Series Debut)
Monday, Feb. 24
10:00-11:00 PM INTELLIGENCE (Series Debut)


text:
Former NFL quarterback Ryan Leaf posted a $45,000 bond Wednesday in Washington state for drug and burglary charges out of Texas after being arrested by customs agents as he returned to the United States from Canada.
James Farren, the district attorney in Randall County in West Texas, said Leaf was arrested Wednesday by federal customs agents. Legal assistant Jennifer Bonstein said Leaf declined to waive extradition during a hearing Wednesday afternoon in Bellingham, Wash., about 90 miles north of Seattle.
Wendy Jones, chief corrections deputy for the Whatcom County Jail, confirmed that Leaf posted bond Wednesday evening.
Leaf's attorney in Washington told the court Leaf would post the bond and return to Texas by himself. Leaf also was to come back to court in Whatcom County on July 16, Bonstein said.
Bill Kelly, Leaf's attorney in Texas, said his client was returning to Texas to turn himself in by a Thursday deadline.
"I assume when he was crossing the border, they picked him up," Kelly said.
The ex-Washington State University and San Diego Chargers quarterback is charged with burglary to a habitation, a second-degree felony. Leaf also was indicted on seven counts of obtaining a controlled substance by fraud and one count of delivery of a simulated controlled substance.
Leaf coached quarterbacks at West Texas A&M in Canyon, where the indictment was returned in May.
Leaf, who resigned from West Texas A&M after being investigated for drug crimes in November, was working in British Columbia, his attorney said. Kelly, a former head football coach at the college, said Leaf "has been to rehab and successfully completed it."
Leaf, who coached for three seasons at West Texas A&M, spent four seasons in the NFL after being chosen with the No. 2 pick in the 1998 draft by the Chargers.
In his NFL career, which included stints with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Dallas Cowboys, Leaf had 14 touchdowns and 36 interceptions. He was better known for outbursts directed at teammates, coaches, fans and reporters.
Former NFL QB Leaf Arrested at US-Canada Border
Former NFL quarterback Ryan Leaf posted a $45,000 bond Wednesday in Washington state for drug and burglary charges out of Texas after being arrested by customs agents as he returned to the United States from Canada.


text:
Notice to Discontinue PAR-10-218 - PHASE II IICOHRTA AIDS/TB Research Training Program (U2R)
Update: The following update relating to this announcement has been issued:
Release Date: March 9, 2011
Fogarty International Center (FIC)
The Fogarty International Center (FIC) announced PAR-10-218 PHASE II IICOHRTA AIDS/TB Research Training Program (U2R) in June 2010. This program was suspended for the FY2012 cycle (NOT-TW-11-004). Due to the planned consolidation of the FIC international HIV research training programs (NOT-TW-11-010), the IICOHRTA AIDS/TB program is being discontinued and, as of the date of this notice, FIC will no longer accept applications for this program.
Components of
Participating Organizations
Fogarty International Center (FIC), (http://www.fic.nih.gov/)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), (http://www.niaid.nih.gov)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), (http://www.nida.nih.gov)
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), (http://www.nidcr.nih.gov)
Please direct all inquiries to:
Jeanne McDermott
Division of International Training and Research
Fogarty International Center, NIH
Building 31, Room B2-C39
31 Center Drive, MSC-2220
Bethesda, MD 20892-2220 USA
Phone: 301-496-1492
Fax: 301-402-0779
Email: email@example.com
Weekly TOC for this Announcement
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices
Office of Extramural
Research (OER)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS)
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text:
Tenwin 7503 New Design Portable Book Stand Multifunctional Desktop Book Holder For Student Kids Children Office
A1: We are professional stationery manufacturer since 1989, real factory.
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Q3: Can you do OEM/ODM order?
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We have 45 R&D staff,and 10 designers could help to achieve your ideas come true.
Q4: Can we take small quantity order to test the market?
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Q5: Why should we choose you?
A5: 1). We are real factory with competitive price and high quality.(Some stationery standards in China are sat by us)
2). We are always honest to every customer whom wants to take progress together with us.
3). We do take the responsibility together with customers when problems happen.
4). All raw material we used are environmental-friendly.
5). Skilled workers care every detail in handling the producing and packing.
6). Quality Control Department especially responsible for quality checking in each process.


text:
Securing a hybrid cloud is not the same thing as deploying hybrid security products.
Securing a hybrid cloud describes the process by which IT employs a host of products to manage the security parameters of your hybrid cloud installation. Hybrid cloud security products can be delivered in a box that gets deployed on premise at a customer's site. But increasingly security vendors are offering a hybrid approach to their product portfolios whereby customers can buy a physical box or buy the security capability as a service. (Watch a slideshow version of this story.)
|Hybrid clouds pose new security challenges
|Cloud security tips and tricks
|12 hybrid security products to watch
|Enterprise Cloud Services archive
The traditional delivery model still far outweighs the cloud-based one. In fact, Gartner estimates that in 2011, only 13% of all security products sold were purchased via a Security as a Service (SECaaS) model. That said, Gartner adds that preliminary sales data shows that for in 2012 that number was closer to 35%.
IDC says the SECaaS market should hit a value of $3.3 billion this year and continue to rise to more than $5 billion by 2016.
[ALSO: Hybrid clouds pose new security challenges
Cloud security tips and tricks]
IDC analyst Phil Hochmuth says there is generally not a big difference between the functionality of a product offered as a service and its on-premise counterpart. "It's more of a function of giving customers more latitude in terms of where and how they can deploy these products in different parts of the enterprise," he says.
Vendors are also quick to point out that given the common root functionality of both deliverables, being able to manage both products from a common interface.
Industry analysts, security practitioner and customers interviewed for this package of stories supplied four areas of security (secure web gateways, virtualization security, security information and event management [SIEM], and identity and access governance [IAG]) in which they are looking to deploy security products in their hybrid cloud in the future regardless of whether they run them on premise or in the cloud or a little bit of both. And they have named names in terms of which vendors they are watching most closely in each category.
Secure Web Gateways
These products filter malware from user initiated Web traffic with processes such as URL filtering, malicious code detection and filtering, Web-application controls and data loss prevention. Right now, Gartner contends that 87% of the products in this market were sold in on-premise bundles in 2011, with the remaining sold as a service. The consultancy estimates the SaaS segment rose to 35% last year.
Company name: Cisco
Product Names: IronPort S-Series appliances and ScanSafe service
Why we are watching: Cisco bought IronPort in 2007 and ScanSafe in 2009 and has been steadily building links between the appliance and the service across its networking and security gear so that both are easier to implement in Cisco-focuses enterprises.
Company name: BlueCoat
Product Name: Proxy SG and BlueCoat Cloud Service
Why we are watching: The on-premises Proxy SG product is well-tested in large enterprise environments for scalability and performance and the list of protocols, authentication options, back-end databases and antivirus platforms it supports are long across the board. The service option is based on the ProxySG boxes.
Company name: Websense
Product Name: Security Gateway and Security Gateway Anywhere
Why we are watching: The company has a focus on data leak prevention as its main differentiator and it's got an acclaimed Triton management console that helps enterprises manage both appliances and the service (which has the same name as the appliance with the addition of "Anywhere") from the same pane of glass should they want to run with a hybrid security strategy.
Company name: Zscaler
Product Name: Zscaler Web Security
Why we are watching: Zscaler is a fast growing start-up that offers its product only as a service. Gartner has said this is the fastest growing company in this market segment driven by its very strong reporting capabilities, client redirection functions, granular security controls, and flexible, policy-based controls for social media applications.
Virtualization security
This segment of cloud security homes in on locking down both the hypervisor that enables virtualization in the first place and seeks to thwart ill-intentioned communications between the virtual machines running on it.
Company name: Bromium
Product Name: vSentry
Why we are watching: Led by a team of security and virtualization experts who had worked at Citrix, Bromium developed an approach to desktop security that virtualizes end-user activities when they pose a threat of bringing in outside agents or malware. VSentry is built on a "microvisor," a security-focused hypervisor that automatically, instantly and invisibly hardware-isolates each vulnerable Windows task in a micro-VM that cannot modify Windows or gain access to enterprise data or network infrastructure.
Company name: Catbird
Product Name: vSecurity
Why we are watching: The recently released vSecurity 5.0 product provides access control, intrusion detection, secure auditing, automated protection, visibility, and efficiency for all virtualized machine because it taps into the hypervisor. It can enforce FISMA, NIST, HIPAA standards so that users can virtualize more assets, more quickly.
The problems of keeping up with the gobs of data generated by security focused equipment under your control only gets compounded when you bring a public cloud service into the enterprise mix. The leaders in this space - as determined by the 2012 Gartner Magic Quadrant -- are all the big traditional network and security management guys (HP, IBM and McAfee) who all purchased niche players (ArcSight, Q1Labs and NitroSecurity, respectively).
Company name: HP
Product Name: ArcSight
Why we are watching: HP placed ArcSight (which always seems to score very well in public, competitive tests of SIEM products) in the Enterprise Security Product group, sharing office space with HP TippingPoint (an IPS) and HP Fortify and has been working to build close reporting ties between those products to make them collectively easier to use in large companies.
Company name: Q1 Labs, an IBM company
Product Name: QRadar
Why we are watching: IBM bought Q1Labs in 2011 and threw it into a newly formed security systems division, which kind of marked the end of IBM's own Tivoli SIEM. IBM has since added indexing and query improvements to support keyword search; improvements in event storage scalability; integration with IBM DAM and support for endpoint management, IPS firewall, and governance, risk and compliance technologies. IBM has announced a co-managed service option for QRadar for customers that want to combine an SIEM technology deployment with monitoring services from IBM.
Company name: McAfee
Product Name: McAfee Enterprise Security Manager
Why we are watching: Nitro Security was known for its advanced correlation engine which augments rule-based correlation with risk-based activity profiling. This product also gets really good performance grades in larger deployments. Late last year, McAfee rolled out a new version that allows it to pull in data from McAfee Global Threat Intelligence, risk data from McAfee Risk Advisor, and asset data from McAfee Vulnerability Manager and McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator.
Identity and access governance is the fasted growing segment of the identity management market. Sales in 2011 came in around $300 million. Analysts have not published the 2012 sales numbers yet, but they are expecting 35% to 40% growth. Specifically, IAG is the class of products that request, approve, certify and audit access to applications, data and other IT services.
Company name: Aveksa
Product Name: Access Governance Software Suite
Why we are watching: When the company reported its 2012 financials in January, it announced that 45% of its revenue was coming from brand new customers. In December, Aveksa launched Identity and Access Management 6.0, designed specifically to help enterprises fully scale their IAM initiatives and manage the Big Data that is now typically associated with IAM deployments. Shortly thereafter, Aveksa introduced MyAccess Live, a new Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Identity and Access Management solution which provides integrated visibility and control of both cloud and on-premise applications in a single cloud-based solution.
Company name: Courion
Product Name: Access Assurance Suite and CourionLive
Why we are watching: The unique aspect of this product is that it was designed using a structured process so that it can integrate with other vendors' administration, analytics, workflow and reporting tools where its competitors and a redesigned connector architecture that lets customers easily integrate with other vendors' analytics, workflow and reporting tools.
Company name: Sailpoint
Product Name: Identity IQ
Why we are watching: Sailpoint is a fast-growing firm that takes a risk-based approach to identity management. Identity combines ID information and log data in the same repository for report intelligence.


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It might shock you to hear that nobody has ever developed a complete computational model of a living cell. That's because, despite their diminutive size, their internal processes are extremely complex—but now a team of Stanford engineers has succeeded where others have failed.
It's no small undertaking. Combining data from over 900 scientific papers, a team led by Professor Markus Covert was able to account for every single molecular interaction which takes place in the world's smallest free-living bacterium, Mycoplasma genitalium. Once they had that understanding, they were able write code describing those interactions, combining them into a piece of software which computationally replicates exactly how the cell behaves. The results are published in Cell.
While it might sound like an academic exercise, it's been a long-standing goal of the biological community. Not only does it allow scientists to probe how the cell works in ways never before possible, it also opens up future avenues of research which could use computer-aided design in bioengineering and medicine. James M. Anderson, director of the National Institutes of Health Division of Program Coordination, Planning and Strategic Initiatives explains:
"This achievement demonstrates a transforming approach to answering questions about fundamental biological processes. Comprehensive computer models of entire cells have the potential to advance our understanding of cellular function and, ultimately, to inform new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of disease."
However, this is just the start. The reason it's been possible to code up a model which describes Mycoplasma genitalium is that it contains the smallest genome of any free-living organism, containing just 525 genes. Compare that to, say, E. coli—a much more commonly studied lab bacterium which has 4,288 genes—and the size of the task ahead is obvious.
But to an extent, that's not the point. The understanding gained from being able to probe Mycoplasma genitalium will help scientists understand the true benefits of computational biology as a whole, accelerating future work. "The goal hasn't only been to understand M. genitalium better," explains Jonathan Karr, one of the researchers. "It's to understand biology generally." [Cell via Stanford]
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text:
- Ice wine
Ice wine (or icewine; German Eiswein) is a type of dessert wine produced from grapes that have been frozen while still on the vine. The sugars and other dissolved solids do not freeze, but the water does, allowing a more concentrated grape must to be pressed from the frozen grapes, resulting in a smaller amount of more concentrated, very sweet wine. With ice wines, the freezing happens before the fermentation, not afterwards. Unlike the grapes from which other dessert wines are made, such as Sauternes, Tokaji, or Trockenbeerenauslese, ice wine grapes should not be affected by Botrytis cinerea or noble rot, at least not to any great degree. Only healthy grapes keep in good shape until the opportunity arises for an ice wine harvest, which in extreme cases can occur after the New Year, on a northern hemisphere calendar. This gives ice wine its characteristic refreshing sweetness balanced by high acidity. When the grapes are free of Botrytis, they are said to come in "clean".
Due to the labour-intense and risky production process resulting in relatively small amounts of wine, ice wines are generally quite expensive.
Canada and Germany are the world's largest producers of ice wines. About 75 percent of the ice wine in Canada comes from Ontario.[1]
There is also a sparkling version of ice wine. Sparkling ice wine was created accidentally in 1988, by Canadian wine writer, Konrad Ejbich, in his home cellar,[2] using tank samples of the previous year's ice wine, from the Inniskillin winery in Ontario. In 1996, finally acknowledging he could not produce this product himself on a commercial basis, Ejbich decided to share the concept. He wrote about his experience with sparkling ice wine in his column in Wine Tidings magazine, challenging Canadian wineries to make sparkling ice wine on a commercial basis. The Magnotta winery in Ontario filled a 50-litre metal beer barrel with ice wine, carbonated it, and called their product the first commercial sparkling ice wine. However, Ontario's Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA) would not give the product its stamp of approval because no such category existed in its regulations. In 1998, Inniskillin Wines produced the first charmat method sparkling ice wine. The VQA approved Inniskillin's product because it was not made using carbonation.
There are indications that frozen grapes were used to make wine in Roman times.[3] Pliny the Elder (AD 23 - 79) wrote that certain grape varieties were not harvested before the first frost had occurred. The poet Martial recommended that grapes should be left on the vine until November or until they were stiff with frost.[4] Details as to the winemaking and description of these wines are unknown. It cannot be completely ruled out that the descriptions refer to dried grape wines, a common style of wine in Roman times, where the raisin-like grapes were harvested late enough for the first frost to have fallen. In either case, the method seems later to have been forgotten.
It is believed that the first post-Roman Icewine was made in Franconia in Germany in 1794.[1] Better documentation exists for an ice wine harvest in Dromersheim close to Bingen in Rheinhessen on February 11, 1830. The grapes were of the 1829 vintage. That winter was harsh and some wine-growers had the idea to leave grapes hanging on the vine for use as animal fodder. When it was noticed that these grapes yielded very sweet must, they were pressed and an Icewine was produced.[3] It should be noted that sweet wines produced from late harvested grapes were well-established as the most valued German wine style by the early 19th century, following the discovery of Spätlese at Schloss Johannisberg in Rheingau in 1775, and the subsequent introduction of the Auslese designation. These wines would usually be produced from grapes affected by noble rot. Thus, Eiswein is a more recent German wine style than the botrytised wines.
Throughout the 19th century and until 1960, Eiswein harvests were a rare occurrence in Germany. Only six 19th century vintages with Eiswein harvests have been documented, including 1858, the first Eiswein at Schloss Johannisberg.[3] There seem to have been little effort to systematically produce these wines during this period, and their production was probably the rare result of freak weather conditions. It was the invention of the pneumatic bladder press which made the production of ice wine practical and led to a substantial increase in the frequency and quantity of production. 1961 saw the production of a number of German Icewines, and the wine increased in popularity in the following years.[5] The production has also been assisted by other technological inventions in the form of electrical lighting driven by portable generators (to assist harvest in the cold hours of morning darkness, before the grapes thaw) and plastic films that are used for "packaging" the vines in order to protect the ripe grapes from being eaten by birds while the producer waits for frost.
The pioneer status of the Inniskillin winery in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario[6] led to their first ice wine, produced in 1984 under the direction of the winery's Austrian-born co-owner Karl Kaiser, often being mentioned as Canada's first ice wine.[1] However, ice wine was produced in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia by German immigrant Walter Hainle in 1972. This ice wine was the result of an early and unexpected frost, and yielded 40 litres of wine, which Hainle originally did not intend to sell, although he did so in 1978.[7][8] In 1983, Karl Kaiser and Inniskillin's German neighbour Ewald Reif, as well as two wineries with Austrian winemakers located in another part of Ontario, Hillebrand and Pelee Island, all left grapes on their vines in order to try to produce ice wine. Inniskillin and Reif lost their entire crop to hungry birds, while Hillebrand and Pelee Island were able to harvest a minuscule amount of frozen grapes.[9] In 1984, Kaiser used nets to protect his vines and was able to produce Inniskillin's first ice wine. This wine was made from Vidal grapes and was, in fact, labelled "Eiswein."
After the Icewine production was set on commercial footing, Canadian Icewine quickly became popular with domestic consumers and reviewers, and many other Canadian producers and regions picked up the idea, since the harsh Canadian winters lend themselves well to the large-scale production. The international breakthrough of Canadian ice wine came in 1991, when Inniskillin's 1989 Vidal ice wine won the Grand Prix d'Honneur at Vinexpo.[9] The Canadian trend towards increased cultivation of Vitis vinifera (European) grape varieties in the 1990s expanded the palette of varieties available to be bitten by frost. By the early 2000s, Canada was established as the largest producer of ice wine in the world.[10] More international recognition came in 2007, when Monde Selection, the international institute in Brussels, Belgium, awarded the Grand Gold medal—the highest honor rarely accorded to a wine—to Canada's Northern Ice Vidal Blanc Icewine 2005, the first vintage of The Ice House in Niagara, a winery founded by winemaker Jamie Macfarlane.[11][12]
In Germany in the early 2000s, good ice wine vintages have been more rare than throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Many wine-growers cite climate change as a cause, and this received support from a study by the Geisenheim Institute.[13]
Ice wine producers
European Ice Wine
The most famous (and expensive) ice wines are German Eiswein[14] and Canadian Icewine (where the name is written as one word), but ice wine is also made in Australia, Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, China, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden and United States, at least in smaller quantity. Eiswein is part of the Prädikatswein quality category in the German wine classification, and Icewine in Canada must follow VQA protocol to be labelled as such. The French language term Vin de glace is part of the wine classification in Luxembourg, but not in France, but is sometimes found on the rare bottles of ice wine produced in Alsace.
Canadian Ice Wine
In contrast to most other wine-producing regions, Canada, particularly the Niagara Peninsula, consistently undergoes freezing in winter and has become the world's largest ice wine producer.[15][16] Icewine production in Canada is regulated by the Vintners Quality Alliance in the provinces of British Columbia and Ontario. If the sugar level in the grapes measures less than 35° Brix, then they may not be used for icewine, a minimum considerably higher than that of German Eiswein.[15] These grapes are often downgraded to a lower designation, such as Special Select Late Harvest or Select Late Harvest. Canadian rules were further tightened in British Columbia in 2000 after a producer dealt with the mild winter of 1999 by moving grapes up to the mountains to seek freezing temperatures.[17]
Though Pelee Island Winery and Hillebrand were Canada's first commercial icewine producers, starting production in 1983, Inniskillin Wines is considered the most widely known Canadian icewine producer as the first Canadian winery to win a major international award, the Grand Prix d'Honneur at 1991 Vinexpo in France, with their 1989 Vidal Icewine (which was technically an illegal import into the EU[15]), placing Canadian icewines on the world stage.[18] Pillitteri Estates Winery has emerged in the 2000s as the world's largest estate icewine producer.[18][19] In November 2006 the Canadian producer Royal DeMaria released five cases of Chardonnay icewine with a half-bottle price set at C$ 30,000, making it the world's most expensively priced wine.[20]
American Ice Wine
Select Wineries in Northern Michigan put aside a portion of their Riesling grapes each year for the production of ice wine. Ice wine was first produced in Michigan in 1983 by Mark Johnson, who studied at the Federal Research Station and Institute in Geisenheim, Germany. Johnson is currently the head Winemaker at Chateau Chantal. Northern Michigan Wineries continue to follow the German laws that govern what wine qualifies as ice wine. German law dictates that ice wine must be picked only when the grapes are frozen on the vine, while United States law allows for wine to be sold as ice wine if the grapes are picked and then artificially frozen.[21] In 2002, 6 Michigan wineries produced over 13,000 half-bottles of ice wine, a record at that time.[22]
Breaux Vineyards in western Loudoun County, VA as of 2011 offers an Ice Wine made from the Nebbiolo grape.
Natural ice wines require a hard freeze (by law in Canada −8 °C (17 °F)[1][23] or colder, and in Germany −7 °C (19 °F) or colder), to occur sometime after the grapes are ripe, which means that the grapes may hang on the vine for several months following the normal harvest. If a freeze does not come quickly enough, the grapes may rot and the crop will be lost. If the freeze is too severe, no juice can be extracted. Vineland Winery in Ontario once broke their pneumatic press in the 1990s while pressing the frozen grapes because they were too hard (the temperature was close to −20 °C).[citation needed] The longer the harvest is delayed, the more fruit will be lost to wild animals and dropped fruit. Since the fruit must be pressed while it is still frozen, pickers often must work at night or very early in the morning, harvesting the grapes within a few hours, while cellar workers must work in unheated spaces.
In Austria, Germany, and Canada, the grapes must freeze naturally to be called ice wine. In other countries, some winemakers use cryoextraction (that is, mechanical freezing) to simulate the effect of a frost and typically do not leave the grapes to hang for extended periods as is done with natural ice wines. These non-traditional ice wines are sometimes referred to as "icebox wines".[citation needed] An example is Bonny Doon's Vin de Glacière or King Estate's Vin Glace (made from Oregon Pinot Gris grapes).
The high sugar level in the must leads to a slower-than-normal fermentation. It may take months to complete the fermentation (compared to days or weeks for regular wines) and special strains of yeasts should be used. Because of the lower yield of grape musts and the difficulty of processing, ice wines are significantly more expensive than table wines. They are often sold in half-bottle volume (375 ml) or the even smaller 200ml bottle. New World wineries in particular sometimes bottle 200 ml and 50 ml gift packages.
The minimum must weight requirements for ice wine is as follows, in the measures used in the respective country:
- For German Eiswein, 110 to 128 degrees Oechsle, the same as for Beerenauslese, depending on the region (wine growing zone) and grape variety.[24]
- For Austrian Eiswein, 25 degrees KMW, the same as for Beerenauslese,[25] corresponding to 125 °Oechsle.[26]
- For Canadian Icewine, 35 degrees Brix,[23] corresponding to 153.5 °Oechsle.[27]
- For Luxembourg Vin de glace, 120 °Oechsle.[28]
CryoextractionFor the medical term, see Cryoextraction (medicine).
Cryoextraction is the process by which grapes are frozen with refrigeration and pressed. Winemakers subject grapes to temperatures around 20 degrees Fahrenheit (or -7 degrees Celsius), and press them while still frozen. Ice crystals remain in the press, while concentrated juice flows out. The resulting wine resembles ice wine. The process of freeze distillation is similar in its concentrating effects, although it occurs after fermentation.
Grape varieties
Typical grapes used for ice wine production are Riesling, considered to be the most noble variety by German winemakers; Vidal, highly popular in British Columbia and Ontario, Canada; and, interestingly, the red grape Cabernet Franc. Many vintners, especially from the New World, are experimenting with making ice wine from other varieties: whites such as Seyval Blanc, Chardonnay, Kerner, Gewürztraminer, Chenin Blanc, Pinot Blanc, and Ehrenfelser; or reds such as Merlot, Pinot Noir, and even Cabernet Sauvignon. Pillitteri Estates Winery from the Niagara-on-the-Lake region of Ontario claim to be the first winery in the world producing Shiraz (Syrah) ice wine with the 2004 vintage, Semillion, and Sangiovese in 2007.[29]
Ice wines from white varieties tend to be pale yellow or light gold in color when they are young and can maderise (acquiring a deep amber-golden color) as they age. The red varieties tend to have a light burgundy or even pink color like that of rosé wines, since the steeping of the skins in the pressed liquid typically used in red wine making is obviously not possible in ice wine production.
Even though it is normal for residual sugar content in ice wine to run from 180 g/L up to as high as 320 g/L (with a mean in the 220 g/L range), ice wine is very refreshing (as opposed to cloying) due to high acidity. (The titratable acidity in ice wine is almost always above 10 g/L.) Ice wine usually has a medium to full body, with a long lingering finish. The nose is usually reminiscent of peach, pear, dried apricot, honey, citrus, figs, caramel, green apple, etc., depending on the varietal. The aroma of tropical and exotic fruits such as pineapple, mango, or lychee is quite common, especially on white varietals[citation needed] .
Ice wine usually has a slightly lower alcohol content than regular table wine. Some Riesling ice wines from Germany have an alcohol content as low as 6%. Ice wines produced in Canada usually have higher alcohol content, between eight and 13 percent. In most years, ice wines from Canada generally have higher brix degree (must weight) compared to those from Germany. This is largely due to the more consistent winters in Canada. Must with insufficient brix level cannot be made into ice wine, and is thus often sold as "special select late harvest" or "select late harvest" at a fraction of the price that true ice wine commands.
Connoisseurs argue[citation needed] about whether ice wine improves with age or is meant to be drunk young. Those who support aging claim that ice wine's very high sugar level (which is often much higher than that of Sauternes) and high acidity preserve the content for many years after bottling. Those who disagree contend that as ice wine ages it loses its distinctive acidity, fruitiness, aroma, and freshness.
See also
- ^ a b c d Lawlor, Julia (February 26, 2010). "Frozen Vines (and Fingers) Yield a Sweet Reward". New York Times. http://travel.nytimes.com/2010/02/26/travel/escapes/26icewine.html?scp=1&sq=ice%20wine&st=cse. Retrieved 2010-03-15. "By law, Canadian ice-wine makers cannot call their product by that name unless it is made from grapes picked off the vine at or below -8 Celsius (17.6 degrees Fahrenheit)."
- ^ http://winewriterscircle.ca/members/ejbich-konrad
- ^ a b c Wein-Plus Glossar: Eiswein, accessed on July 6, 2008 (German)
- ^ Wein-Plus Glossar: Martial, accessed on July 6, 2008 (German)
- ^ Freddy Price, Riesling Renaissance Mitchell Beazley 2004, pg. 19 ISBN 1-84000-777-X
- ^ Freddy Price, Riesling Renaissance Mitchell Beazley 2004, pg. 174-175 ISBN 1-84000-777-X
- ^ Hainle: History, accessed on July 6, 2008
- ^ Ontario Wine Society: Niagara Icewine, accessed on July 6, 2008
- ^ a b Appellation America, December 26, 2007: Kings of the "Ice": Donald Ziraldo and Karl Kaiser
- ^ Freddy Price, Riesling Renaissance Mitchell Beazley 2004, pg. 172 ISBN 1-84000-777-X
- ^ Monty Waldin's Biodynamic Wine Guide 2011 ISBN 978-0-9566678-0-9, p.9-76.
- ^ http://www.mondeselection.com/en/7.0_Awards_Results/7.2_International_Wine_Contest/7.2.1_Results_2007/7.2.1_Wine_Results_2007.asp
- ^ Decanter.com, June 27, 2008: Eiswein suffers under climate change
- ^ Deutsches Weininstitut (German Wine Institute): Quality categories, accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ a b c winepros.com.au. The Oxford Companion to Wine. "Canada". http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=536.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis, jancisrobinson.com (January 13, 2007). "What's good and bad about wine in Canada". http://www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/20070112_1.html.
- ^ Robinson, Jancis, jancisrobinson.com (February 1, 2002). "Icewine - worth the money and the hassle?" (PDF). http://www.jancisrobinson.com/articles/jr776/layout/pdf.html.
- ^ a b Schreiner, John, Wine Access (2006). Canada's Most Famous Wine
- ^ Bielby, Amy, Food Network, canada.com The Skinny on Icewine
- ^ Aspler, Tony, Decanter.com (September 14, 2006). "World's most expensive wine puts Petrus in shade". http://www.decanter.com/news/94885.html.
- ^ http://barbaradiggs.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/wine.pdf
- ^ Record number of Michigan wineries make ice wine in 2002 vintage, (January 2, 2003), Sandra Silfven, Detroit News, accessed July 18, 2006.[1]
- ^ a b Ontariograpes.com: Icewine, accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ Deutsches Weininstitut (German Wine Institute): Must weights, accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ Wines from Austria: Quality Designations in Detail, accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ Wein-Plus Weinglossar: Mostgewicht, accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ [2], accessed on November 24, 2010
- ^ Institut Viti-Vinicole Grand Duché de Luxembourg: Spezialweine, accessed on April 6, 2008
- ^ wineriesofniagaraonthelake.com Touring and tasting itineraries
External links
- [3] Icewine at IceWine.info
- Ice wine at Wines of Canada
- Icewine informations Icewine website
Wines General Wine styles Grape varieties International
Wine-producing countries (regions)
- New South Wales
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- Victoria
- Western Australia
- Dessert wine
- Canadian alcoholic beverages
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