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Main Library
This library contains CADRE resources as well as State, Lead Agency and Parent Center resources. Please note that CADRE makes no endorsement of the State, Lead Agency and Parent Center resources included here, nor of any policies, procedures, processes, or documents specific to any item.
AJE - Facilitated IEP Meetings (PowerPoint)
- Download AJE-5 FIEP-Meetings.pdf (374 KB)
AJE - Facilitating Change
AJE - Fact Sheet
- Download AJE-1 Fact-Sheet.pdf (199.96 KB)
AJE - List of Workshops and Trainings
AJE - Parents Rights Under IDEA
- Download AJE-3 Parents_Rights_Under_IDEA2010.pdf (100.58 KB)
AJE - The Special Education Process
- Download AJE-2 Special-ed-process.pdf (297.3 KB)
DC - Fact Sheet - Interagency Coordinating Council
DC - Families Have Rights - Procedural Safeguards 2010 (Part C)
- Download DC-2 Part C Family Rights.pdf (286.68 KB)
DC - Ombuds Annual Report (2017)
DC - Ombuds Outreach Flyer
DC - Ombudsman Quarter 1 and 2 Report School Year 2017-18
DC - One Pagers - Mediation, DPHs, FRMs
DC - OSSE Dispute Resolution Processes Parent Training
DC - Resolution Period Disposition Form
DC - State Complaint LOD Proactive Disclosure Guidelines
Posted December 2017 (Rev May 2018) The summary below features data for school years (July 1-June 30) 2004-05 through 2015-16. For each data element, the number of events reported by the state is also provided as the number of events per 10,000 students enrolled in special education. This "per 10K" rate provides a way to compare the relative frequency across states – a more "apples to apples" comparison. For more information on dispute resolution data or this summary, contact CADRE .


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WebMD Health News
Aug. 27, 2012 — Extra pounds may raise the risk for recurrence among women with the most common kind of breast cancer, a new study shows.
Prior studies have found that being overweight or obese increases the risk of getting a number of cancers, including breast cancer. And smaller studies have noted that obese breast cancer patients tended to fare worse than those who are normal weight.
The new study takes a fresh look at data collected on more than 7,000 breast cancer patients who were enrolled in three government-sponsored clinical trials.
The trials were originally designed to test the effectiveness of different combinations of chemotherapy drugs. All the women in the studies had operable cancers without spread to distant organs and received cutting-edge treatment for their cancers.
As Body Weight Climbs, So Does the Risk
Despite that, a woman's weight was still linked to the likelihood that she might beat the disease.
Among women with hormone-sensitive tumors, those who were overweight or obese when they were diagnosed were about 30% more likely than those with normal body weights to see their breast cancers come back after surgery and chemotherapy. They were also about 50% more likely to die over the course of the studies.
The risk appeared to increase in a step-wise fashion — the higher a woman's weight, the greater her odds of recurrence and early death.
The study doesn't prove that too much body fat causes cancer directly. But as scientists learn more about fat, they think that's a strong possibility.
Fat cells play a role in the production of hormones like estrogen and insulin that spur the growth of tumors. Fat also increases inflammation, another cancer driver, says researcher Joseph A. Sparano, MD, associate chairman of medical oncology at the Montefiore Einstein Center for Cancer Care in New York City.
What it means, simply, is "the more you weigh, the worse the outcome," says Stefan Gluck, MD, a professor of medicine and a breast oncologist at the University of Miami's Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center. He was not involved in the research.
Advice to Patients
Beyond surgery and chemotherapy, "every patient asks, 'What else can I do?'" Gluck says. "It's always part of my counseling to explain that" too much body fat "leads to a more aggressive cancer behavior and you want to avoid it."
But that's not always easy to do. Many breast cancer drugs zap energy, making it harder to exercise.
Sparano says this study makes it important for patients and doctors to do what they can to try prevent those extra pounds.
"What we don't know yet is whether weight loss in breast cancer patients will significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence or death," he says.
Gluck says studies are under way to answer that question.

subset: commoncrawl


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She predicted the exact details about a person I just met! But months in advance!!! So so accurate on everything
always the best..
She is wonderful!
Thank you for the incredible updates and insights!! Gained so much knowledge to what I needed and now I know how I can move forward correctly!! Many thanks and blessings!
Great reading as usual. No sugar coating.
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Hi, I am a natural born psychic and clairvoyant and I live near Como Lake, Italy. Since when I was born I have been a peculiar person, learning to read when I was 1 and to write when I was 2. I have always had this strong sensibility which has made an artist out of me, and a psychic.
I have learned the art of Astrology in my family since when I was very little. I have started practicing the Pendulum at the age of 7, the Tarot at the age of 11 and I have drawn my first birth chart at the age of 14. I am a singer, songwriter and I write poems. I feel often music entering my soul. I easily cry and feel very happy thereafter, I feel the emotions and energies of people, animals and the Mother Earth.
I have more than 15 years of experience in Psychic Readings, the Tarot, the Runes, the I Ching Oracle and much more. I want to be for you a friend to help you in the difficult moments. Please note I am not going to tell you what you want to hear, but just what I see. Always with positivity, because you don't know what Destiny has in store for you. Whether your question is about Love, Marriage, Friendship, Career, Life Paths I can give an answer about your question.
Please allow me some minutes to concentrate and spread your cards or see your birth chart before answering. Fast and no time wasting answers. No free readings. Your road to happiness begins with a single step. And your insight about your situation is only a click away. Thank you.
I have been reading Tarot and astrology charts for more than 15 years. I receive personally clients in my studio in Milan, Italy. Through the years I have helped a lot of people reaching love and happiness in all fields of life.
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Farewell To Tut And Egypt's Treasures
After nearly eight months on display at Pacific Science Center, Tutankhamun: The Golden King and Great Pharaohs closed on January 6, 2013. The treasures from King Tut's tomb and other sites representing 2,000 years of ancient Egyptian history have returned to Egypt where the artifacts are expected to eventually be displayed in a permanent gallery in the Cairo Museum. Pacific Science Center thanks the exhibition's sponsors, partners and the nearly 700,000 guests who visited the exhibition during its spectacular run. We look forward to seeing you here again in the near future.
Stay Up To Date With Everything Happening In The Pacific Science Center Community
Register for email updates regarding information about all of Pacific Science Center's exhibits, programs and more.
|Join Our Mailing List


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Newspaper ads/ 1963 Philippine Soap Box Derby
-->The Soap Box
The first All-American race was held in
(internet source)
-->Soap box derby was one of the country's biggest summer sports events in the 50s and 60s. Close to 300 kids vied for the title, racing against time down in a 300 plus-meter course. Their race cars were made of wood on a steel chassis, which were hoisted up 16 feet to a holding pen before they were released.
Soap box derby racing was introduced in the
This was how this section of Quezon Blvd. looked like in 1962 when racers, with crowds cheering, streaked toward the finish line.
Did you know that in the 60s, part of sloping stretch in
May 19, 1963--- Fourteen-year old Emmanuel Nolasco, a Philippine Trust Company entry tops the 1963 8th Soap Box
A total of 296 participants took part in this year's derby. Eighteen were eliminated on the first day. About 3,000 fans and spectators braved the sweltering heat to witness the finals, in front of the Jusmag Officer's clubhouse on Quezon Boulevard Extension,


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|Posted: Jan 19, 2017
Chip-sized, high-speed terahertz modulator raises possibility of faster data transmission(Nanowerk News) Tufts University engineers have invented a chip-sized, high-speed modulator that operates at terahertz (THz) frequencies and at room temperature at low voltages without consuming DC power. The discovery could help fill the "THz gap" that is limiting development of new and more powerful wireless devices that could transmit data at significantly higher speeds than currently possible.
|Measurements show the modulation cutoff frequency of the new device exceeded 14 gigahertz and has the potential to work above 1 THz, according to a paper published online today in Scientific Reports ("High Speed Terahertz Modulator on the Chip Based on Tunable Terahertz Slot Waveguide"). By contrast, cellular networks occupy bands that are much lower on the spectrum where the amount of data that can be transmitted is limited.
|THz waves confined in a novel slot waveguide interact with tunable, two-dimensional electron gas. (Image: Nano Lab, Tufts University School of Engineering)
|The device works through the interaction of confined THz waves in a novel slot waveguide with tunable, two-dimensional electron gas. The prototype device operated within the frequency band of 0.22-0.325 THz, which was chosen because it corresponded to available experimental facilities. The researchers say the device would work within other bands as well.
|Although there is significant interest in using the THz band of the electromagnetic spectrum, which would enable the wireless transmission of data at speeds significantly faster than conventional technology, the band has been underutilized in part because of a lack of compact, on-chip components, such as modulators, transmitters, and receivers.
|"This is a very promising device that can operate at terahertz frequencies, is miniaturized using mainstream semiconductor foundry, and is in the same form factor as current communication devices. It's only one building block, but it could help to start filling the THz gap," said Sameer Sonkusale, Ph.D., of Nano Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, and the paper's corresponding author.
|Source: Tufts University


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Will Microsoft's Nokia Deal Shake Up Mobile?
Nokia was once the largest mobile phone manufacturer in the world, the most valuable company in Europe and an icon in its home base of Finland. But the rise of Apple and Android smartphones knocked the company on its heels.
Now comes news that Microsoft is buying Nokia's mobile phone business for $7.2 billion. NPR's Steve Henn answers some questions about the deal.
So what is Microsoft getting here?
It will get Nokia's entire smartphone business as well as Nokia's large feature-phone business. Nokia still sells more than 50 million feature phones a year. Microsoft will also inherit close to 32,000 employees who are based all over the world, including 18,000 in manufacturing. Nokia is one of the oldest and most storied mobile phone companies on the planet. Microsoft is paying close to $2.2 billion as part of this deal to license tens of thousands of important mobile phone technology patents. It's also buying a license to use Nokia's mapping service, called Here.
It is a big deal within the industry. And it's not just a big deal for these two companies. If you're Samsung or HTC, which are also major smartphone makers, suddenly every big company out there that makes software for smartphones now owns its own device manufacturer. It's kind of like getting caught standing in a game of musical chairs.
Industry analyst Horace Dediu at Asmyco in Finland called the deal "a seismic shift, a tectonic shift ... that will have repercussions all around the industry."
You mentioned 32,000 Nokia employees will now be working for Microsoft. They will include Stephen Elop, the now former CEO of Nokia.
It was only three years ago that Elop left Microsoft to take the job of CEO of Nokia. Shortly after arriving, he wrote a devastating memo where he compared Nokia's situation to a crew of oil workers standing on a burning oil platform in the North Sea. He said the company was losing market share to rivals like iPhone and Android and it had no other choice but to jump — to abandon its software platform and to adopt Microsoft Windows Phone.
Nokia was the only large phone maker in the world to commit to selling phones running Microsoft's operating system. In effect, Elop tied his company's fate to Microsoft's mobile phone business. It didn't go well. Now, three years later, Microsoft is buying that business — and Elop will return to his former employer.
Elop is not loved in Finland. While he was presiding at Nokia, lots of jobs were lost, the stock price tanked, the country lost a lot of tax revenue. But he was able to preserve some value in Nokia's brand. And since Google paid $12 billion for Motorola, you could look at this as Microsoft getting a deal for similar assets for $5 billion less.
One fascinating nuance of this is that now Elop has emerged as one of the leading contenders to replace Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, who announced just recently that he's going to retire.
What does this deal mean for consumers?
For consumers, it's probably a good thing. By buying Nokia, Microsoft is ensuring that there are going to be three viable choices in the market for smartphones instead of just two, with Google's Android and Apple's iPhone.
Nokia was burning through its cash — many people expected it to run out of cash sometime in 2014. And without a lifeline from Microsoft, the future for Nokia wasn't bright. But without Nokia, Microsoft's future in the smartphone market wasn't very bright either. There aren't very many companies that have fully committed to selling Microsoft's smartphones.
Ballmer has been saying for more than a year that he wanted to make Microsoft a devices and services business. This deal, when it closes, will actually do that. Microsoft will soon be making millions of devices each year.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Original source
In late November last year, a new ERC20 altcoin called Monero Gold (XMRG) arrived at the crypto scene and launched their first smart contract. The Monero Gold team described their project as the first ERC20 token that would be used for purchasing and selling of goods, services, and more. Their white paper actually didn't state too much about the project, just some basic explanations about block chains and the Ethereum network. Their whitepaper was honestly enough to set off red flags alone. Let alone being called Monero Gold while being an ERC20 token (which Monero is not) and having no association with Monero.
Their white paper did break down the token details with a total supply of 2,000,000 XRG (listed and mostly known as XMRG) broken down into 500,000 XRG held by team as well as another 500,000 for airdrops. An ICO supply was offered for the remaining XRG at 1,000,000 available for sale.
Well as anyone can clearly see by visiting their now defunct website, the boys at Monero Gold have been running and scam and just made their exit.
The jig was up when Coinexchange, the only exchange that actually listed Monero Gold (also questionable of Coinexchange), decided to halt the Monero Gold market. The exchanged became aware that a large number of XMRG coins had been created and transferred into the deposit address of a Coinexchange user. Shortly after, a large percentage of the coins were dumped onto the market.
The Coinexchange was able to determine that the developers of Monero Gold was responsible in the most simple way possible when it comes to blockchains. Follow the path.
1 The XMRG token was created by the following Ethereum address: Ethereum Account 0x70c17961abaaa470a2629825de50475fe4d8ab9d Info
2 The XMRG token creation (by the address above) txid: Ethereum Transaction 0xbda1e865fcaa7ee5bb709f6b829cc9532a8062b1ebc9b50a f8c8491476b1a075
3 The same address was also resposible for the recent creation of a very large number of tokens, please see the following transaction: Ethereum Transaction 0xd1955ccec2f0e7a9a86c8dd4b9161265b0348fb3c7436a98 e107c68e381c76ac
It appears a whopping 1,157,920,892,373,160,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.296399 34 were created through an exploit in the code. Monero Gold was built with a Burn function as many tokens also have in order to remove tokens out of circulation. In simple terms, the Burn function added by the developers had integer limits that are only able to have positive values. The devs then decided to burn more than the limits allowed which in turn made the integer value go below 0, which then makes it automatically reset to the highest value possible since there is no such thing as -1 supply.After the devs created trillions in supply, they moved a good amount to Coinexchange and started unloading, which obviously tanked the price. This prompted Coinexchange to halt Monero Gold, and the Monero Gold team to exit.
Fortunately, Coinexchange offered amends by taking the remaining Bitcoin in the Monero Gold developer's account and will be used as a buy wall so victims of the scam can sell as much as possible before XMRG is delisted forever. They have also included all fees including a 2 BTC listing fee that XMRG team paid to the buy wall.
The total amount in the buy wall will be:
22.418 BTC Remaining BTC in Monero Gold developers account
2 BTC Listing fee
1.475 Total trades fees to date including BTC and ETH markets
Total 25.893 rounded up to 26 BTC
Coinexchange remains that they too were also a victim and had no idea this was coming.
Stay Alert at cryptoscamsalert.com


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The Black Swan (1942)
Directed by Henry King
Genres - Action, Adventure, Romance, Drama | Sub-Genres - Costume Adventure, Swashbuckler | Release Date - Dec 4, 1942 (USA - Unknown) | Run Time - 85 min. | Countries - United States | MPAA Rating - NR
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Synopsis by Hal Erickson
Perhaps unintentionally, the 1942 Technicolor swashbuckler The Black Swan is a bondage fetishist's dream, with hero and heroine Tyrone Power and Maureen O'Hara taking turns being tied up and imprisoned throughout the film's brisk 85-minute running time. Very loosely adapted by Ben Hecht and Seton I. Miller from a novel by Rafael Sabatini, the film casts Power as rogueish, hot-tempered buccaneer Jamie Waring, who considers the day wasted when he hasn't sacked a Spanish galleon or plundered a rich coastal town. Jamie's partner in crime is pirate king Henry Morgan Laird Cregar, an alliance that comes to an end when Morgan is appointed governor of Jamaica. Disgusted by this defection, Jamie considers joining the scurrilous Redbeard George Sanders, but eventually decides to reform his ways when he falls in love with Margaret Denby Maureen O'Hara, the gorgeous daughter of the former Jamaican governor Lord Denby George Zucco. Before the final obligatory sail into the sunset, however, Margaret is kidnapped and manhandled on a seemingly hourly basis, while Jamie is subjected to even more abuse at the hands of pirates and officials alike. Henry King handles the derring-do in Black Swan with commendable sobriety, leaving the story's tongue-in-cheek elements in the capable hands of the cast and the screenwriters.
battle [war], Caribbean, damsel-in-distress, governor, hero, high-seas, honor [recognition], kidnapping, pirate [seafarer], rescue, swordfight, villain


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This is a lovely riverside wedge tomb , which sadly has its views of the river blocked by a wall of large trees. Its gallery is 7m long with good, but not complete, double walling along both sides. One roofstone is roughly in place at rear and may have cup marks on its upper surface.
At the front of the tomb some of the facade stones are present and a fallen lintel/roofstone blocks the entrance.
The middle 1/3 of the gallery filled with rubble and some of the covering cairn remains on the north side to the height of the side stones.
Wedge tombs are most easily catagorised by their main characteristic - they are taller and wider at the entrance than they are at the rear. Like court tombs they have a gallery which is split either by septal slabs or sill stones into smaller chambers. Galleries can be anything up to 8m in length.
The side walls are, uniquely, made of two rows of stones (three in some cases), which is refered to as double or triple walling. This double walling is perhaps the best feature to identify a wedge tomb by.
The roofs are constructed by laying large blocks or slabs across the gallery, resting on the tops of the walls.
They are often quite small, an amazing exception being Labbacallee (County Cork), one of the largest in Ireland. It is very rare to find a wedge tomb with its roof still in situ, although, occasionally, one or two of the roof slabs are present (see Proleek (County Louth)).
In some examples the roof would have extended beyond the front closing slab forming a portico at the front, which in a few specimens was split by a vertical stone place centrally in the entrance.
Like court tombs, portal tombs and passage tombs they were covered by a cairn, which, at many sites, it is still often possible to determine. A few, such as Burren SW (County Cavan), still retain a large proportion of the cairn.
In wedge tombs and court tombs the burial compartment is known as a gallery and collectively wedge and court tombs are called classified as 'gallery graves'. This is because the inner area is long and narrow, i.e. bascially rectangular, in plan.
In court tombs the gallery is usually divided into two or more chambers by jambs. Wedge tombs are segmented by sill stones, as are a few court tombs.
You know, I'd been saying to Tatjana that I'd never been here, and when I got here with her I didn't recognize it at all. Looking at my old pictures I can see why! It was so overgrown 8 years ago when I first visited.
This time the site was very clear. The exquisite double walling down the north side was fully visible. It was easy to make out all the side stones, the façade and the portico. This is a wonderful monument and better access ought to be available!
Click Thumbnail to View Full Size Image
This is an explanation of (and a bit of a disclaimer for) the coordinates I provide.
Where a GPS figure is given this is the master for all other coordinates. According to my Garmin these are quite accurate.
Where there is no GPS figure the 6 figure grid reference is master for the others. This may not be very accurate as it could have come from the OS maps and could have been read by eye. Consequently, all other cordinates are going to have inaccuracies.
The calculation of Longitude and Latitude uses an algorithm that is not 100% accurate. The long/lat figures are used as a basis for calculating the UTM & ITM coordinates. Consequently, UTM & ITM coordinates are slightly out.
UTM is a global coordinate system - Universal Transverse Mercator - that is at the core of the GPS system.
ITM is the new coordinate system - Irish Transverse Mercator - that is more accurate and more GPS friendly than the Irish Grid Reference system. This will be used on the next generation of Irish OS maps.


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This article is more than 1 year old
MS issues final software update for Win2K
Last hurrah
Microsoft released a final update rollup for Windows 2000 on Tuesday (28 June) just two days before expiration of mainstream support of the still-widely-used operating system. The update contains every security patch issued since the release of Service Pack 4 and the end of April 2005 along with various non-security related software bug fixes.
The release is described as a consolidated update, rated than a service pack, and contains only a few items that have not already been issued as standalone fixes. Full details of the content of Update 1 for Windows 2000 SP4 - along with download instructions - can be found on Microsoft's website here. ®
Related stories
XP-lite goes Latin
Users remain married to Windows 2000
10 vulns - three critical - in MS patch batch
Windows 2000: Microsoft's most successful failure


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Our planet is covered in pockmarks so deep that they can be seen from space. Some were caused by asteroid strikes, but most are the result of human meddling. Here are some of the most incredible examples of the scarred Earth.
Mir or Mirny Mine, Yakutia, Russia
This open pit diamond mine was opened in 1957 and closed two years ago. In the 1960s it was producing 10 million carats (2 tons) of diamond per year, but this rate slowed to 2 milion carats (400 kg) per year. It was the first and largest diamond mine in the Soviet Union, now 1720 ft (525 m) deep and 3940 ft (1200 m) in diameter. The airspace above the mine is closed for helicopters because it sucks them with its downward air flow.
(via Galaktika and Google Maps)
Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
This former copper mine was opened in 1955 but it was closed in 1982. The water pumps in the nearby Kell shaft are closed, and groundwater began to fill the pit. Now the water is about 900 m (270 m) deep there and acidic (2.5 pH) like Coke and Pepsi. About 2020 the pit water starts to polluting the nearby natural groundwater.
(via Google Maps, PitWatch and vulgare)
Bingham Canyon Mine or Kennecott Copper Mine, southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah
The deepest open-pit mine of the world has been in production since 1906, and now it has a more than 0.6 miles (0.97 km) deep and 2.5 miles (4 km) wide pit. As of 2004, ore from the mine has yielded more than 17 milllion tons of copper, 715 tons (23 million ounces) of gold, 5,900 tons (190 million ouncess) of silver and 386 kt (850 million pounds) of molybdenium.
The current mine plan will expire in 2019, but the owner Rio Tinto Group would extend the life of the mine into the 2030s.
(via Google Maps and aibob)
Derweze or Darvaza, the "Door To Hell", Derweze, Turkmenistan
The site in the middle of the Karakum Desert was identified by Soviet geologists in 1971. They set up a drilling rig and started operations, but the ground collapsed into a wide crater and the rig disappeared. Some methane gases were released and that created a real danger for the people in nearby villages. So the scientists decided to burn these gases off. They thought it would take a few days. They were wrong. The gas has been burning since then without any pause. The nearest village, named Derweze, was abandoned on the orders of the Türkmenbaşy, Saparmurat Niyazow, because "it was an unpleasant sight for tourists."
(via Wikimedia Commons/Tormod Sandtorv)
Udachnaya pipe, Russia
Discovered only two days after the Mir (or Mirny) by Vladimir Shchukin and his team in 1955. Now it's the third deepest mine, the people are doing there work 1970 ft (600 m) deep there.
(via Google Maps and Academic)
Chuquicamata, outside of Calama, Chile
The world's biggest and second deepest (2,790 ft or 850 m) open pit copper mine was opened in 1882, but the metal was mined there for centuries. The Chilean copper now still accounts for almost one-third of the country's all exports.
This giant scallop shell is made of earth. A crane deposits the earth in successive, slightly curved lines giving the appearance of sheets of sand lined up side by side. This earth is extracted with the copper, but it is separated from the ore by sieving. Photo by Yann Arthus-Bertrand.
(via Yann Arthus-Bertrand, NASA and Codelco Fuera de Intag)
Diavik Diamond Mine, North Slave Region, Canada
The area was surveyed in 1992 and the open-pit production started in 2003. In March 2010, undergorund mining began and the transition from open pit to undergroun mining was completed in 2012.
(via israelidiamond)
Ekati Diamond Mine, Nothwest Territories, Canada
Canada's first surface and underground diamond mine was opened in 1998, 200 km south of the Arctic circle. It produced more than 40 million carats (8 tons) of diamonds out of open pits.
(via Google Maps and Mining)
Grasberg mine, near Puncak Jaya, Papua, Indonesia
The world's largest gold mine and the third largest copper mine was built at 14,000 ft (4100 m) above sea level in one of West Papua's most remote areas. In 2006 it producted more than 610.8 tons of copper, 58.47 tons of gold and 174.46 tons of silver.
(via NASA, Should Know and Wikimedia Commons/Alfindra Primaldhi)
Fimiston Super Pit, near Kalgoorlie, Western Australia
The 2.17 mi (3.5 km) long, 0.93 mi (1.5 km) wide and 1870 ft (570 m) deep pit has an oblong shape, and it produces more than 28 tons (850,000 ounces) gold per year.
(via Google Maps and Super Pit)
Vredefort Crater, South Africa
The largest verified impact crater with a diameter of 186 miles (300 km) was made two billion years ago by an asteroid that have been 5-10 kilometers in diameter.
(via Google Maps)
Manicouagan Crater, Québec, Canada
The roughly 213-215 million years old crater is a multiple-ring structure about 60 miles (100 km) across, and have a 40 miles (70 km) diameter annular lake, named the Manicouagan Reservoir.
(via Google Maps)
Wolfe Creek Crater, Western Australia
The well-preserved crater averages about 0.54 miles (875 m) in diameter, and its estimated age is less than 300,000 years.
(via Google Maps and Dainis Dravins/Lund Observatory)
Shoemaker Crater, Western Australia
The deeply eroded remnant of an impact crater contains some salt lakes.
(via Wikimedia Commons/Landsat)
Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana
The crater is 6.52 miles (10.5 km) in diameter and its depth is about 1246 feet (380 m).
The Ashanti ethnic group respects this as a sacred lake, they believe that the souls of the dead come here to bid farewell to the god Twi. By the way, the former Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan is an Ashanti.
(via Google Maps and Jackson School Of Geosciences)


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Privacy Policy
Bracco Imaging S.p.A. is one of the world's leading companies in the diagnostic imaging business. It operates in more than 90 different countries, both directly and indirectly, through subsidiaries/branches, joint ventures, licensing agreements and distribution agreements. This website contains information directly relating to Bracco Imaging S.p.A. and additional information about the other Bracco Group companies.
The scope of this Policy is to describe how this website operates in terms of processing the personal data of users/visitors that consult it.
In line with applicable privacy protection legislation, Bracco Imaging S.p.A. intends to guarantee the privacy and personal data security of each visitor, also in relation to accesses made from abroad, in accordance with the terms of this policy and the Data Protection Policy adopted by the Group. Unless otherwise specified, this Policy is also intended as an information notice for those interacting with the content offered by the website.
Detailed information notices on personal data processing are provided, where necessary, on the pages relating to the individual content available. These information notices are aimed at defining limits on and the methods of data processing for the website content, on the basis of which the visitor may freely give their consent and, possibly, authorize the gathering of data and its subsequent utilization.
We note that this Privacy Policy does not cover other websites that may be consulted by the user by Internet links.
The Data Controller is Bracco Imaging S.p.A., a company with its registered office in Via Egidio Folli, 50 – 20134 Milan (Italy).
The Data Processor for the web content offered is the Chief Strategy Officer.
Personal data may be processed by internal and external persons appointed as Data Processors and by Persons in charge of processing for the content requested.
More detailed information on the names of internal and external Data Processors may be obtained by writing to the Data Controller at the following address: Bracco Imaging S.p.A. – Counselor with power of attorney for personal data protection – Via Egidio Folli, 50 – 20134 Milan (IT).
This website offers informative and interactive content. During navigation of the site, information about the visitor may be acquired, as follows:
- Navigation data
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September 5, 2017 at 3:32 p.m.
AgSource Genetic Selection guide accelerates herd improvement
AgSource's groundbreaking Genetic Selection Guide (GSG) provides producers with the power to maximize herd genetics while enhancing the herd of the future. The report ranks animals in the herd based on Net Merit Dollars (NM$) and records both genotypic and phenotypic information.
AgSource member, Keith York, uses the Genetic Selection Guide to determine matings. He states,
"We're constantly striving to increase the genetic value of our herd. The GSG is one of the tools we use to decide which animals we want to breed and which we don't. We share it with our AI technician. Lower end heifers are bred to beef bulls, while sexed semen is used on our high-end heifers. It's expensive to raise replacements. This report helps us be more selective and is helping us trim costs."
New Progeny Report Introduced
Information about cows is separated from heifer information, resulting in two separate, ranked reports. In addition, a third report for progeny (expected offspring from cows bred and confirmed pregnant) is now available to review calves that are due to be born in the upcoming nine months. Producers choosing any of these three reports have the choice of receiving them as paper reports or accessing the information via the website. The Genetic Selection Guides for Cows and Heifers are updated three times a year after each USDA sire proof run. Producers can choose to receive information on cows, heifers or both, based on information needs. The Genetic Selection Guide for Progeny is updated more frequently as part of the regular test day reports because it is based on breeding records and pregnancy confirmations reported on each test day.
For more information, talk with your local DHI field technician, contact AgSource at 608-845-1900 or visit www.agsource.com/GeneticSelectionGuide.
The AgSource Genetic Selection Guide is a great tool to rank your herd from the highest genetic merit to the lowest. Following are some simple steps to maximize the value of this report and your genetics program:
1) When breeding your cows and heifers, make sure you enter the correct service sire by entering the full sire NAAB code or registration number. Entering a sire's name or a partial NAAB code will result in not having a sire listed on the offspring.
2) If you breed some of your cows with AI semen from beef breeds (for example, Angus) make sure to enter the NAAB code for these bulls as well.
3) Make certain each cow and heifer you breed has official identification (ID) listed on her record. If an animal does not have official ID entered, the resulting calf will have no dam listed.
4) As each calf is born, apply an official ID tag and record the number in the calf's record and match it with the dam's ID. This is particularly important with ET calves.
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Most photographers have a mix of gear from many different brands.
For example, it is not uncommon for a photographer to have both Canon and Nikon camera bodies, a mix of Canon and Nikon speedlite strobes, maybe some third party speedlite strobes like Yongnuo or Nissin and studio strobes.
If that is you, you will want to check out the new Cactus V6 wireless flash radio triggers. According to Cactus:
The Cactus V6 is the World's First wireless flash trigger that works ON ANY CAMERA (with a standard hot shoe or PC Sync port) to control power output, wirelessly, of Canon, Nikon and Pentax's system flashes ALL AT THE SAME TIME.
We put the Cactus V6 triggers through their paces – read on for our review of the Cactus V6 wireless flash radio trigger system.


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EncodeHD v184.108.40.206
Vista / Win7 / Win8 / WinXP
Vista / Win7 / Win8 / WinXP
EncodeHD is a an application to re-encode all types of video files for use on your home media player or on-the-go device. It aims to provide a simple interface with no fuss.
EncodeHD uses a number of open-source tools:
This application requires the .NET Framework 2.0 (32-bit 64-bit) to be installed.
EncodeHD uses a number of open-source tools:
- FFmpeg
- Atomic Parsley
- MP4Box from the GPAC Project
This application requires the .NET Framework 2.0 (32-bit 64-bit) to be installed.
HTML code for linking to this page:
encode hd encodehd re-encode video media player
License type Freeware1
Author's homepage Visit the author's site
Date added 11 Jul 2013
Downloads 7,442
File size 5.47 MB (<1min @ 1Mbps)
Operating systems Vista / Win7 / Win8 / WinXP1
1License and operating system information is based on latest version of the software.
11 Jul 2013EncodeHD v22.214.171.124(Latest stable version) 18 Dec 2012EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 Beta 12 Aug 2011EncodeHD v184.108.40.206 21 Feb 2011EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 16 Feb 2011EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 07 Dec 2010EncodeHD v18.104.22.168 15 Sep 2010EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 13 Aug 2010EncodeHD v1.2.214 08 Jul 2010EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 26 Jun 2010EncodeHD v220.127.116.11 20 Feb 2010EncodeHD v18.104.22.168 29 Sep 2009EncodeHD v184.108.40.206 26 Sep 2009EncodeHD v220.127.116.11 22 Aug 2009EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 28 Jul 2009EncodeHD v184.108.40.206 11 Jul 2009EncodeHD v188.8.131.52 29 May 2009EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 09 May 2009EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 26 Apr 2009EncodeHD v184.108.40.206 06 Apr 2009EncodeHD v18.104.22.168 28 Mar 2009EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 21 Feb 2009EncodeHD v126.96.36.199 11 Feb 2009EncodeHD v0.98 Beta 29 Jan 2009EncodeHD v0.96 beta
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Get Preapproved
Get preapproved for a mortgage free– before you shop for your new home – and get more bargaining power.
The benefits of a preapproval:
- Determine your affordable price range
- Know the range of affordability greatly aides your new home search.
- Shows you are a serious buyer
- Having a pre-approval gives you the added leverage when buying a home.
- Makes your offer more attractive
- Sellers know that a pre-approval means you are ready to buy
Talking to a licensed Loan Officer is an important step to getting the right mortgage loan. Every borrower is different and a Loan Officer knows which questions to ask in order to best match you with the right loan and monthly payment
Our most popular mortgage loan options for first-time home buyers
FHA Mortgage Loans
Purchase your home with only 3.5% down. Closing costs can be a gift from a relative!
- 30 Year Fixed Mortgage Loans
Our most popular mortgage. Get a low payment and the security your rate won't change for the life of your loan.
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No down payment, no PMI and flexible credit requirements make the VA loan a top choice for veterans and active military members.
- USDA Loans
USDA loans are not just for Farmers, they are designed to encourage rural land development and growth in rural areas.


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Cantor Ventures is the venture capital and enterprise development arm of Cantor Fitzgerald, which has over 65 years of expertise in providing capital raising and advisory services to growth oriented companies. Cantor Ventures invests in companies focused on the development of innovative, technology-centric products, services and marketplaces. As an active business partner, Cantor Ventures guides and accelerates growth for businesses across multiple industry verticals.
Capitalizing on Cantor Fitzgerald's reputation as a pioneer in technological innovation within the financial services industry, Cantor Ventures endeavors to invest in businesses that are at the forefront of change in their respective sectors. Cantor Ventures has a particular interest in industries where there is an opportunity to leverage Cantor's decades of operating experience and institutional knowledge in organizing marketplaces and scaling businesses. The team looks to invest in companies and business ideas that leverage technology to realize economies of scale and scope both within and across industries.
If you want to be alerted of new VC job postings, click here.


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At Sun West, we dedicate ourselves to offering the best service to our customers. To accomplish this, we empower our loan officers so that they can find great rates and provide the best fitting loan options to each customer – at amazing speeds. Our focus on technology has given us an edge in the mortgage industry to offer some of the fastest turn times available – so you can get into the home of your dreams sooner!
Our commitment to our core values of people, experience, technology, and product stem from the values that Sun West was built on. Sun West was founded in 1980 with the perspective of "clients first" and the desire to make the mortgage process easy and stress-free for prospective homeowners. Since then, Sun West has grown to have a 9 Billion+ Loan servicing portfolio and is licensed to lend in 48 states, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands.


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T596 - Heliodor $ 4900 SOLD
Volodarsk-Volynskii, Ukraine
small cabinet - 8.8 x 3 x 3 cm
Etched single crystal with good etch marks all around and strong yellow color. These are no longer being found and usually can only be obtained when they are released from private collections. Internally all gem with great luster, weighs 82 grams. Complete all around.
T598 - Rhodochrosite, Pyrite $ 900 SOLD
Oppu Mine, Aomori Prefecture, Honshu Island, Japan
cabinet - 12 x 5.8 x 2.5 cm
Rolling mounds of bubbly pink Rhodochrosite over Pyrite over Sphalerite. This is old material rarely seen now from the classic and famous Oppu Mine. A gorgeous display specimen with no damage.
T599 - Bournonite with Quartz $ 1500 SOLD
Herodsfoot Mine, Liskeard District, Cornwall, England
cabinet - 10.5 x 7 x 5 cm
Bournonite 'cogwheels' to 3.5cm in size on sparklying white Quartz crystals. These are rare English classics mined in the mid to late 1800s. There are a number of good crystals here mixed in among the Quartz, which itself is very bright and showy. There is some contact/damage on the backside, but can be displayed without much, if any, showing. A rare classic that is also aesthetic, with the Bournonite crystals well separated and evenly dispersed across the width of the specimen.
T601 - Dioptase on Chrysocolla over Cerussite $ 550 SOLD
Sanda Mine, Mindouli, Congo
thumbnail - 2.5 x 2.5 x 1.2 cm
Old specimen composed of a reticulated 'snowflake' of Cerussite that has been coated by Chrysocolla with Dioptase crystals attached to one side. All the Dioptase aren't in perfect condition, but I think it displays best from the side without the Dioptase anyways. This was recently released from a collection and I've never seen one like it before. The label notes that it was purchased from John Seibel in 1997. A rare and unusual thumbnail!
T602 - Rhodochrosite with Fluorite $ 350 SOLD
American Tunnel, Silverton, Colorado
miniature - 4.2 x 3.5 x 2.5 cm
Rhodochrosite crystals on clear Fluorite.The Fluorite has great luster and has small step faces modifying the main octahedral form. This is a floater specimen crystallized all around. Super pretty and undamaged.
T603 - Pyromorphite $ 750
9 Level, Jersey Vein, Bunker Hill Mine, Kellogg, Idaho, USA
small cabinet - 7 x 5 x 3 cm
Yellow/green Pyromorphite crystals covering matrix. The crystals have an incredible wet looking luster and are undamaged.
T604 - Benitoite $ 250 SOLD
Gem Mine, San Benito Co., California, USA
thumbnail - 3.1 x 3 x 2 cm
Large single Benitoite crystal on matrix. Though not perfect, the crystal is an impressive 3.1cm wide and has deep blue color. Nicely crystallized, even on the backside faces.
T605 - Tourmaline $ 2000 SOLD
Pederniera Mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil
miniature - 3.5 x 1.6 x 1.5 cm
Single glassy Tourmaline crystal with top top color!! The core is a well saturated raspberry color, followed by a more transparent greenish color, and finally capped by a thin bright blue zone (what color!!!). The termination face has mirror luster. Weighs 18.6 grams.
T606 - Tourmaline $ 2000 SOLD
Virgem da Lapa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
miniature - 4 x 2.2 x 2 cm
Single glassy Tourmaline crystal with an uncommon coloration. The lower portion is a gemmy blue color, followed by green, then red, and finally capped by a thin yellow/orange zone. Complete all around and undamaged. Weighs 35.3 grams.
T607 - Dioptase in Quartz $ 1500 SOLD
Kaokaveld, Namibia
miniature - 4.7 x 3.0 x 3 cm
Rare specimen of Dioptase crystals included in Quartz. These are not often seen and it's the only one I've ever owned. There were a handful of specimens from the Congo with slightly bigger Quartz crystals and included Dioptase crystals that sold in the $25K-$35K range. In this specimen, the Dioptase crystals settled on an earlier generation of yellow colored Quartz (which I understand is caused by Sulfur).
T608 - Tourmaline $ 600 SOLD
Chia Mine, Minas Gerais, Brazil
miniature - 3.7 x 1.3 x 1 cm
Multi-colored Tourmaline crystal with shades of red and green. It has the appearance of a larger crystal that has grown atop, and at a slightly different angle, to a smaller crystal, or it may be that the bottom of the larger crystal partially etched away and later recrystalized. In any case, it's a beautiful piece that is mostly double-terminated, and complete all around.
T609 - Quartz with inclusions $ 260 SOLD
Virgem da Lapa. Minas Gerais, Brazil
miniature - 4.5 x 2.2 x 1.8 cm
Fine quality, complete Quartz crystal with both moss-like, yellow inclusions and brown needle-shaped inclusions. A very slight nick on the termination otherwise undamaged. The old label has a note that it was purchased from the Fraziers back in 1988.
T610 - Fluorite on Celestite $ 350 SOLD
Clay Center, Ohio, USA
small cabinet - 6.3 x 3.8 x 2.5 cm
This is one of the most aesthetic Clay Center Fluorites I've ever seen. It features a 6.3cm single Celestite crystal with an attached 3.1cm cube of phantomed Fluorite. The Fluorite cube is complete and has good luster and only a couple tiny, trivial nicks.
T611 - Rose Quartz on Quartz $ 500
Sapucaia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
small cabinet - 7 x 6 x 4.5 cm
A large single white Quartz crystals that has been coated by Rose Quartz crystals across the front faces and wrapping around the back. The Rose Quartz is in turn sprinkled with Eosphorite. A good sized, colorful specimen and undamaged.
T612 - Malachite after Barite covered by Quartz $ 260 SOLD
Katanga, Congo
small cabinet - 9 x 7 x 7 cm
Tall, upright crystals of Malachite after Barite covered with drusy Quartz. The Malachite is tabular and rectangular in shape and clearly visible when backlit. A couple of the crystals are broken off revealing the green Malachite within. This was a one off specimen found in a parcel of Malachite, and I've never seen a similar one.
©2010-2018 Marin Mineral


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"…all thy fortresses shall be spoiled, as Shalman spoiled Betharbel in the day of battle: the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children." —Hosea 10:14
Shalman is an Assyrian king (Hos. 10:14), identified with Shalmaneser II (Rev. Archibald Henry Sayce, British Assyriologist and linguist) or IV (Lenormant), the successor of Pul on the throne of Assyria (B.C. 728).
He made war against Hoshea, the king of Israel, whom he subdued and compelled to pay an annual tribute. Hoshea, however, soon after rebelled against his Assyrian conquerer. Shalmaneser again marched against Samaria, which, after a siege of three years, was taken (2 Kings 17:3-5; 18:9) by Sargon.
A revolution meantime had broken out in Assyria, and Shalmaneser was deposed. Sargon usurped the vacant throne. Schrader thinks that this is probably the name of a king of Moab mentioned on an inscription of Tiglath-pileser as Salamanu.


text: mind-is-software by dailygazette March 24, 2016 Editor's note: This article was initially published in The Daily Gazette, Swarthmore's online, daily newspaper founded in Fall 1996. As of Fall 2018, the DG has merged with The Phoenix. See the about page to read more about the DG. Share this Facebook Messenger Twitter Pinterest Linkedin Whatsapp Reddit Email dailygazette Leave a Reply Cancel replyYour email address will not be published. Notify me of new posts by email. Δ


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SWAC title up for grabs in clash between Panthers and TigersMar 15, 2014 - 3:27 PM Houston, TX (SportsNetwork.com) - The battle for the Southwestern Athletic Conference's title and automatic bid into the NCAA Tournament comes down to just two teams, as the eighth-seeded Prairie View Panthers take on the second- seeded Texas Southern Tigers on Saturday.
The winner gets a berth into the national tournament, and will be closely watching Sunday's Selection Show for seeding and first-round placement.
Prairie View's Cinderella story continues in the SWAC Tournament. The Panthers had lost seven games in a row entering the tournament, but have won all three postseason matches so far, including Friday's 55-49 victory over Alabama A&M in the semifinal round.
Texas Southern defeated Grambling State in the quarterfinal round to advance through, and took down third-seeded Alabama State, 73-61, Friday in semifinal- round action. The Tigers have won eight consecutive games entering the title game.
Texas Southern has a comfortable lead in the all-time series against Prairie View, 56-19. However it was the Panthers who won the most recent matchup between the two sides back on Feb. 8, 85-77. The Bulldogs narrowly defeated Prairie View earlier in the season, 87-83, in a triple-overtime contest.
Friday's semifinal game against Alabama A&M was more of a defensive struggle than it was an offensive struggle than a defensive battle. Prairie View shot just 38.2 percent from the floor in the first half, but still took a 33-22 lead over the Bulldogs at the intermission. Alabama A&M shaved off five points from the Panthers' first-half advantage, but it still fell too short to advance. Tre Hagood tallied 13 points to lead Prairie View in the win, while Montrael Scott and Demondre Chapman each chipped in 10 points. Entering Friday's semifinal bout, Scott led the team in scoring with a 15 ppg mark, followed by John Brisco's 12.6 ppg average and Chapman's 11.7 ppg total. Hagood surpassed his modest 6.3 ppg average with his 13 points Friday. Chapman, who averaged 5.5 rpg before Friday's showdown, pulled down eight boards against Alabama A&M.
Texas Southern took a commanding lead over Alabama State at the end of the first half on Friday, 30-19, and the Tigers set their game on cruise control for the second half en route to the double-digit victory. Aaric Murray netted 16 points in the contest to pace Texas Southern, adding five rebounds to his stat line. Murray came into Friday's contest averaging 21.1 ppg for the Tigers, adding a team-best 7.7 rpg mark. D'Aris Scarver contributed 14 points and eight rebounds in the win, and Madarious Gibbs chipped in 12 points with seven assists, but also a team-worst nine turnovers. Scarver entered Friday's contest scoring 13.9 ppg, while Jose Rodriguez, who scored just five points Friday, was averaging 11.4 ppg. Prior to Friday's win over Alabama State, in which the third-seeded Hornets scored just 61 points, the Tigers were allowing 74.1 ppg to opponents.
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Related News
- Prairie View coach Rimm resigns with Panthers 1-18 Jan 27
- Texas Southern ends Prairie View's Cinderella run, wins SWAC Mar 15
- Wisconsin takes care of Prairie View A&M Dec 28
- Panthers face uphill climb in clash with fourth-ranked Badgers Dec 28
- Southern outlasts Prairie View A&M in SWAC title game Mar 16
- SWAC title on line in bout between Panthers and Jaguars Mar 16
- Jones shines as Baylor crushes Prairie View A&M Nov 30
- Prairie View comes to Waco to challenge No. 7 Baylor Nov 29
- Summers leads Spartans over Prairie View Dec 19
- Baylor routs Prairie View A&M Nov 30
- Texas Southern tops Prairie View A&M 66-49 in SWAC Mar 11


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Lake Nyasa
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Lake Nyasa, also called Lake Malawi, Lago Niassa, lake, southernmost and third largest of the Eastern Rift Valley lakes of East Africa, which lies in a deep trough mainly within Malawi. The existence of the lake was reported by a Portuguese explorer, Caspar Boccaro, in 1616. David Livingstone, the British explorer-missionary, reached it from the south in 1859.
The lake's middle line and its northern and eastern shores form much of Malawi's boundary with Tanzania and Mozambique. Its north-south length is 363 miles (584 km); its width varies from 10 to 50 miles (16 to 80 km); and its area is 11,430 square miles (29,604 square km). The surface of the lake is 1,550 feet (472 metres) above sea level, and the depth increases to 2,310 feet (704 metres) toward the northern end, where the forested Livingstone Mountains to the east and the Nyika Plateau and Viphya Mountains to the west fall precipitously down to the lakeshore.
A fresh southeasterly wind (the mwera) prevails from May to August, causing short gales and restless waters; the coastline offers little shelter. Halfway up the lake is Likoma Island, a mission headquarters and site of an imposing Anglican cathedral (completed 1911). On the heavily populated Malawi shore there are government stations at Mangochi, Nkhotakota, Nkhata Bay, and Karonga.
Nyasa (meaning "lake") is fed by 14 perennial rivers, the largest being the Ruhuhu; the sole outlet is the Shire River, a tributary of the Zambezi. Hundreds of species of fish have been recorded in the lake, many of which are endemic, being isolated from the Zambezi fauna by the Murchison Falls. Commercial fisheries exist at the southern end of the lake, based chiefly on the freshwater fish Tilapia. Fly hatches on the lake occur in clouds large enough to obscure the horizon. Increased environmental degradation has had adverse effects on wildlife in the lake, however; excessive silting disrupts fish feeding and breeding grounds, reducing their numbers. In addition, overfishing, the use of nets with a mesh size smaller than those recommended by fisheries experts, and the disregard of the ban on fishing in the breeding season have also had a detrimental effect on fish populations there.
Passenger and cargo vessels are operated by the Malawi Railways company. Monkey Bay, Nkhotakota, Nkhata Bay, Likoma Island, Chilumba, and Karonga are the main ports. Cotton, rubber, rice, tung oil, and peanuts (groundnuts) are shipped to the railhead at Chipoka in the south, from which point the railway connects through the city of Limbe with Beira, Mozambique.


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DNA Robots on the Move
Its precise structure and ability to bind with other molecules makes DNA an attractive scaffolding material for nanotech researchers. Scientists have already used DNA to construct two-dimensional patterns, three-dimensional objects, and simple shape-changing devices. Now two teams of researchers have separately made complex programmable machines using DNA molecules.
Researchers from Columbia University, Arizona State University, and Caltech have made a device that follows a programmable path on a surface patterned with DNA. Meanwhile, researchers from New York University, led by DNA nanoarchitecture pioneer Ned Seeman, have combined multiple DNA devices to make an assembly line. The nano contraption picks up gold nanoparticles as it tumbles along a DNA-patterned surface.
The two machines, described in today's Nature journal, are a possible step forward in making DNA nanobots that could assemble tiny electrical and mechanical devices. DNA robots could also put together molecules in new ways to make new materials, says Lloyd Smith, a chemistry professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. "Robots might have the ability to position one molecule in a particular way so that a reaction happens with another molecule which might not happen if they randomly collide in solution," he says.
In the past, researchers have made simple machines such as tweezers and walkers that have also been fashioned from DNA. Tweezers open and close by adding specific DNA strands to the solution. Walkers are molecules with dangling strands, or legs, that bind and detach from other DNA strands patterned on a surface, in effect moving along the surface.
The nano walker made at Columbia University is a protein molecule decorated with three legs–single-stranded DNAzymes, synthetic DNA molecules that act as enzymes and catalyze a reaction. The legs bind to complementary DNA strands on a surface. Then they catalyze a reaction that shortens one of the surface strands, so that its attachment to the leg becomes weaker. That leg lets go and moves on to the next surface strand.
The walker follows a track of strands that the researchers pattern on the surface. It can take up to 50 steps–compared to the two or three steps taken by previous walkers. It stops when it encounters a sequence that cannot be shortened. "We show how to program [the walker's] behavior by programming the landscape," says Milan Stojanovic, a biomedical engineer at Columbia University who developed the walker. "It enables us to think about adding further complexity: more than one molecule interacting and more complicated commands on the surface. What we hope to do eventually is to be able to [use nanobots to] repair tissues."
Seeman and his colleagues at New York University combine three different DNA components to make an assembly line. They have DNA path, a walker, and a machine that can deliver or hold back a cargo of a molecule of gold. The machine is a DNA structure that can be set up to either put a gold nanoparticle-laden strand in the path of the walker or away from it. The walker has four legs and three single-stranded DNA hands that can bind to the gold.
The researchers demonstrated a system in which the walker passes three machines, each carrying a different type of gold particle. Each machine can be set up to either deliver its cargo or keep it, giving a total of eight different ways in which the walker can be loaded, leading to eight different products.
The advances represent continuing success in creating nano devices with increasingly complex functions. "[We're] moving from individual entities that do something interesting to systems of entities working on something with a more complex behavior and function," Smith says.
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South African Journal of Science
On-line version ISSN 1996-7489
Print version ISSN 0038-2353
S. Afr. j. sci. vol.105 n.3-4 Pretoria Mar./Apr. 2009
Stanley Trapido, historian of South Africa, 19332008
Bill Nasson
Department of Historical Studies at the University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701. E-mail: email@example.com
Stanley Trapido, one of South Africa's foremost historians, died at the age of 74 in January 2008. He had for many years been attached to Queen Elizabeth House at the University of Oxford and was Lecturer in the Government of New States and a Fellow of Lincoln College. Based in Oxford Commonwealth studies, he was an influential figure within the beavering circle of left-wing scholars who forged materialist academic history writing on South Africa through the 1970s and 1980s, in which vibrant social history and class analysis stretched the minds of scores of probing postgraduate students and appreciative academic colleagues. Although Stanley Trapido was in the thick of this mainly seminar atmosphere in London and Oxford, he never cultivated a school of personal protégés. His was not that sort of fancy reputation.
Born in 1933, Stan Trapido grew up and was schooled in the gruff Transvaal mining town of Krugersdorp, an appropriately geological spot from which to embark on his planned science studies at the University of the Witwatersrand. But finding common cause with a radical fringe of students associated with the Congress of Democrats in the 1950s tugged him towards political history, and he ended up completing a master's dissertation on the ANC.
After a junior lecturing stint at the University of Cape Town, he moved to the University of Natal. In Durban, Stan met and married the woman who would be his devoted companion to the end of his life, the noted novelist, Barbara Trapido. In December 2007 she wrote gently and wryly in The Guardian about working in an attic stuffed with 'biographies of dead imperialists', and which had once been decorated with pictures of colonial buffalo hunts and mission churches. It had been occupied previously by her husband, 'Stanley, a historian', for whom she had by then become a 'carer', in the coy custodial language of modern British welfare service.
Over four decades earlier, Stan Trapido had left a repressive apartheid South Africa and had gone into self-imposed exile in Britain where he taught for several years at the University of Durham, much favoured by silver-spoon undergraduates who got the benefit of his unblinking, measured tutorial deliberation and characteristic low chuckle. His next step in teaching was at a university to which Durham played a classic second fiddle. Having completed a University of London Ph.D. on Cape liberalism in the 19th and early 20th centuries, Stan took up a post in Oxford where he worked until his retirement in 2001 and continued to live until his death.
Stanley Trapido was a truly uncommon scholar. His no-nonsense upbringing included immersion in athletics and boxing, and early childhood passion for cricket and rugby never waned, with the state of play at Lords or at Cape Town's Newlands cricket or rugby grounds always getting him into a quizzical state of mild animation. Never intellectually stuffy, his readiness to provide pensive comment or terse judgement could extend as much to South African cricketers and rugby players like Clive van Ryneveld and Okey Geffin as to this country's historians such as P.J. van der Merwe and Leonard Thompson.
His sceptical temperament and self-effacing sensibility made him healthily critical or quietly dismissive not only of ruling establishments and their institutions, but also of academic grandeur. After a seminar during a summertime Oxford visit in the 1990s, I was treated to dinner in Lincoln College. Stanley Trapido was presiding. It is a pity that so few were present. After fumbling about unsuccessfully for a Latin grace which Barbara had jotted down on a scrap of paper, he shrugged it off and announced, simply, "oh, what the hell, let's eat". That was accompanied, aptly, by Mulderbosch Chardonnay instead of some Bourgogne Grand Cru. He embodied then, as ever, the most gentle and beguiling contrariness imaginable.
An exceptional researcher who embraced time-consuming archival labour with relish, it is quite remarkable that Stan Trapido rose to become so eminent an historian without ever producing a book of his own. Perhaps there was something in his natural reticence and low-key manner of never really wanting to have his cake and eat it. Instead, his inquisitiveness and subtle observation in re-interpreting major aspects of South African history was doled out in virtuoso slices. These were always meaty. Whether written individually or in co-authorship with others, notably Shula Marks, the offerings on Stanley Trapido's plate would have kept even Oliver Twist quiet. The range encompassed Dutch conquest and early Afrikaner nationalism, Cape colonial liberalism and the African peasantry, South African industrialisation in comparative perspective, British imperialism and the origins of the 18991902 South African War, Boer trekker and African societies of the 19th-century agrarian Highveld, and the nature of early 20th-century South Africa during and after post-1902 reconstruction.
Whether in the form of journal articles or essays, book chapters, biographical sketches or in co-editorship of pioneering collections on 19th- and 20th-century South Africa, Stan left an enduring imprint on interpretation of his country's past. His facility of acute understanding and pithy expression was conveyed in conceptually powerful observation, as in his depiction of baronial capitalism in early 20th-century South Africa as the alliance of gold and maize.
Stan sustained an abiding interest in such things as liberalism and paternalism, Afrikaner nationalism, and mining capitalists and the 18991902 War throughout his scholarly life, often re-evaluating their significance in pretty unlikely places, such as Muizenberg beach. Fusing a large generalising capacity with an eye for suggestive detail, his scholarship throughout was marked by an alertness to the structures of power in society, to ideas and the forms they took, and by a keen attention to individuals and social classes and how they were embodied and deeply connected to one another. His research students, many of whom now occupy prominent university positions in South Africa, Britain, Australia and America, knew the supervision challenges that were coming, even before their supervisor opened his mouth.
Like other South African historical revisionists of his generation, Stanley Trapido's writings owed a general intellectual debt to Marx. But his distrust of more arcane theory and leaden explanatory models made him a lucid and penetrating historian within the Marxist tradition, rather than a Marxist of the hydraulic variety.
Anyone lucky enough to have known Stan personally in recent decades would have known a warm, deliciously impenetrable and slightly mischievous man, pottering about the welcoming Trapido lair, or wandering across an Oxford meadow with Polly and Moley, his beloved lurcher dogs. His rich companionship could also be felt in the Cape that he loved so much and its special spots that mattered to him up to the last years of his life, like the Olympia Café and Quagga Bookshop in Kalk Bay. He was truly an exceptional man of letters, by turns witty and stubborn, benign and exacting. He will be remembered for that as much as for his Eastern Cape expertise on Sir Andries Stockenstrom, Lieutenant-Governor of British Kaffraria in the 1830s. In referring to him, invariably, as Stockies, Stan reminded one of why history is worthwhile.


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When the world's governments gather in December 2009 in Copenhagen to negotiate a treaty to restrain global greenhouse gas emissions, the science on which they base their decision could be as much as four years out of date. The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offered its synthesis of existing research in February 2007 and it was based on studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals only through 2005.
Stepping into that gap—at the request of the Danish government—will be the International Scientific Congress on Climate Change, a collection of the world's top scientists and economists set to meet in Copenhagen in March 2009 to deliver an updated state of the science on global warming. The prognosis is grim: Emissions throughout the world, both in countries pledged to restrain such pollution and those that have ignored or sidestepped the issue, continue to grow, and impacts can be felt from the Arctic and Antarctic to the Amazon.
ScientificAmerican.com's David Biello spoke with Katherine Richardson, a marine biologist at the University of Copenhagen and chair of the climate congress, to discuss the event and what it hopes to achieve.
Tell me about the climate change congress and where the idea came from.
The idea for doing this came from the Danish prime minister's office. [Denmark is] the local host of the meeting in December 2009 and [it is] worried about two things: One, people argue that it is economically problematic to invest in climate. [To deal with that] business people are arranging a conference in May next year on how, in some cases, it can pay to invest in climate. For example, Denmark, despite the fact that we're at 20 percent renewables [in our energy supply], is experiencing tremendous growth.
Two, this meeting is coming in the middle of an IPCC period. The IPCC report is absolutely crucial for starting negotiations. That has been accepted by everyone so you don't need to argue whether it's right or wrong. It's based on consensus.
But that is both a strength and a weakness. It takes a long time to get consensus. There were no scientific results in the 2007 [IPCC] report that came after 2005. By the time you sit down at the table in December 2009, you are missing the last four years of what we now understand about climate, adaptation, mitigation, security and about all sorts of interactions with our society.
So with an international alliance of universities, we will try to carry out a scientific meeting where we simply synthesize all this new information. We will try to put it all together into something understandable for the people coming to this meeting in Copenhagen. That's my goal.
So how is it working?
What we are trying to do now is to reach out to the scientific community at large. We have contacted every scientific meeting that we could find. This is our chance as scientists. We've been asked to put this together in real-people language: What do we really know?
There will be 57 different sessions and none of them will be on whether there will be a four-inch glacier melt or a two-inch. So your ice is melting, what does this mean for sea level rise? Is there a technical fix? What's the cost of not fixing it? We will bring the scientists out and get them to answer questions.
So far, there has been tremendous interest in this. We have received more than 1,000 abstracts from 70 different countries. It's going to be great and it's going to be big.
And what we're hoping to do with it, most of us, as scientists, were taught: Don't get your hands dirty with policy once you get your results. Let politicians figure it out. But these challenges are so big that we have to get out there and help the politicians understand what's happening. This is science's chance to describe the urgency of what's happening.
Will it be a consensus document?
The scientific community is notoriously divided. But we will speak with one voice. And there will be a review process by outside researchers of this synthesis document to make sure that it is the best science. There will be mechanisms to make sure that this is not just one researcher's opinion.
But the strength of the IPCC is that it's not just the scientists, it's also the governments.
Probably the value of this in terms of the negotiations themselves is to keep the sense of urgency. It will keep that right in front of the policymakers. It doesn't matter if everybody agrees with everything in there.
Scientists should see this as a possibility to communicate to a much wider audience than even this meeting. We show these pictures of the ice in the Arctic melting. We think when we've showed these pictures, we've communicated the problem. But people just say, "Oh, let's put a shipping traffic route in there." Or "There must be some oil in there we can exploit." The implications for what this means for the planet maintaining itself, people just don't have the faintest idea about. We are missing the boat in communicating this story to the wider world.
Who will be involved?
It reads like a who's who of climate science. One of the first people we asked was [economist] Lord Nicholas Stern. He said, "no thank you." But then he called back later to ask whether he could still come and talk.
We also have [Rajendra] Pachauri from the IPCC to indicate that this is a compatible exercise with IPCC; [José Manuel] Barroso, president of the European Commission; [energy expert] Dan Kammen from [the University of California,] Berkeley; and [economist] William Nordhaus from Yale is a speaker.
Famously, Stern and Nordhaus really disagree on what should be done about climate change.
I recognize those conflicts. It wouldn't be a real scientific conference, I wouldn't be being honest, if I chose one or the other. We also have [economist] Terry Barker, an IPCC author from [the University of] Cambridge, who has invited Nordhaus to debate with him at this meeting. We are trying to make sure that we have well-balanced economic presentations and conclusions as well as scientific ones.
What will be the outcome?
Politicians' biggest challenge is getting the balance right between mitigation and adaptation. The core of this meeting is entirely devoted to mitigation and adaptation.
There are six themes: The first one is the natural science part of it— What do we understand about this climate system, tipping points, how bad could this go? There is also a theme about ethics, or equity, between nations, generations [as well as] humans and nature or animals.
Then there is mitigation and adaptation. How far can renewables take us? What are the potentials and limits of biofuels? And then there is the theme of managing the planet as a whole.
A lot of the current debate seems to center around cost. So what will it cost?
A lot of people go around saying this isn't going to cost us anything. This is cheap. It's not.
We just are going to have to stop thinking of investment in the environment and climate change as being opposed to economic growth. [For] economic growth in the future, a prerequisite is that we stop treating the planet like a subprime loan. In that sense, the economic crisis we have at the moment is useful in terms of analyzing what's going on with the planet.
We don't take into account the resources that we are moving around. One of the things that will be argued is that solar is more important as a long-term fix than many have argued. I think the figure is the sun bathes the Earth in 120,000 terawatt-hours of energy and the global community only uses 12 to 15 terawatt-hours. And all the renewable energies are derived from the sun in some way. [A terawatt equals one trillion watts.]
The plants [collect] energy from the sun [that] is the equivalent of 32,000 hydrogen bombs. It's amazing the amount of energy they suck out of the sun.
So what more do we know now?
This 2-degree [Celsius, or 3.6-degree Fahrenheit] change that everybody talks about [as a limit on warming], which is probably unattainable, has some serious ramifications for oceans. It's not just two degrees and we all take off a sweater. Changes that are occurring may accelerate [carbon dioxide] coming out of the ocean.
I have two abstracts myself: One of them is that we know a lot about the ocean as a sink. It takes up half the extra CO2 that we put out. It takes it up by biological and physical processes, like the material gets caught in plants and then sinks to the bottom when they die. Bacteria break this material down much more quickly when it is warmer and less of it falls. We are measuring the effect of temperature on this breakdown and it's quite substantial. So this much of a temperature increase will mean that the oceans will take up this much less and that provokes the problem even more. You can make much better models out of this of what's going to happen than you've gotten out of the IPCC.
Is it too late?
I'm not at all depressed. This is an exciting time in Earth's history. Twelve thousand years ago our ancestors discovered agriculture. When they did that they broke the rules about the number of people the Earth could hold. And now that there are even more people, there have to be some rules.
Over the last 50 years, we've thought the oceans and atmosphere are big enough that we don't need any rules. But we're smarter now, we do need some rules.
We've been regulating on the basis of the different subcomponents of Earth: land, air, water. But the doctor doesn't give you medicine for your head if he knows it will hurt your feet. You need to treat the body as a body and we need to treat the Earth as an Earth. We have to manage not by segment but by the planet as a whole.
Updating the Science of Global Warming: A Q&A with Marine Biologist Katherine Richardson
An international climate change congress aims to gather the world's top scientists to update the book on global warming
When the world's governments gather in December 2009 in Copenhagen to negotiate a treaty to restrain global greenhouse gas emissions, the science on which they base their decision could be as much as four years out of date. The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) offered its synthesis of existing research in February 2007 and it was based on studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals only through 2005.


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Posted 11 years ago
(153 items)
This is my Coca Cola Heavy Porcelain Sign. It's approx. 4'x8' in size and displays very well with vibrant colors. I have placed a couple of vintage lights above the sign and looks great at night lit up. It's dated 1934 made in USA and Manufactured in Nashville.


text:
Majority of Wisconsin school districts to lose aid
MADISON (AP) -- The majority of Wisconsin public school districts will see less money in state aid this year.
The state Department of Public Instruction said Monday that 64 percent of districts, or 272 out of 424, will get less money than they did last school year.
Even though state aid increased by about $32 million, the amount public schools will get will decrease over the prior year after about $158 million is directed toward private school choice programs in Milwaukee and Racine.
CLICK HERE to see the entire list of school districts, funding
The nearly $4.3 billion spent on school aid this year is down more than 7 percent from what schools received two years ago.
Each year, the state is required to notify district by Oct. 15 with an estimate of how much state aid they will receive for that year.


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In the name of peace, Mattis calls for diplomatic solutions in Korean crisis
United States secretary of defense Jim Mattis joins South Korean Defense Minister Song Young-moo in committing to a diplomatic solution to the North Korea problem as they visit the truce village of Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone.
| Panmunjom, Korea
On his first visit to the tense but eerily quiet frontier between North and South Korea as United States secretary of defense, Jim Mattis conveyed the message he hopes will win the day: Diplomacy is the answer to ending the nuclear crisis with the North, not war.
He made the point over and over – at the Panmunjom "truce village" where North literally meets South; at a military observation post inside the Demilitarized Zone, and in off-the-cuff comments to US and South Korean troops.
"We're doing everything we can to solve this diplomatically – everything we can," he told the troops after alighting from a Black Hawk helicopter that had ferried him to and from the border some 25 miles north of central Seoul.
"Ultimately, our diplomats have to be backed up by strong soldiers and sailors, airmen, and Marines," he added, "so they speak from a position of strength, of combined strength, of alliance strength, shoulder to shoulder."
At Panmunjom, where the armistice ending the Korean war was signed in July 1953, Mr. Mattis quoted Secretary of State Rex Tillerson as saying, "Our goal is not war." The aim, he said, is to compel the North to completely and irreversibly eliminate a nuclear weapons program that has accelerated since President Trump took office.
Despite unanimous condemnation by the United Nations Security Council of the North's missile launches and nuclear tests, "provocations continue," Mattis said.
As Mattis arrived at Panmunjom alongside South Korean Defense Minister Song Young-moo, a small group of apparent tourists watched from the balcony of a building on North Korea's side of the line that marks the inter-Korean border. Uniformed North Korean guards watched silently as Mattis and Mr. Song stood just yards away.
Atop Observation Post Ouellette, where he could see deep into North Korea and hear their broadcast taunts of the South, Mattis listened to Song recount some of the history of the 1950-53 Korean war in which thousands of Americans and perhaps more than a million Koreans died in a conflict that remains officially unsettled.
"It reminds us that we fought together in very difficult times, and we stick together today," Mattis said inside a Demilitarized Zone of craggy terrain, millions of landmines, and ghost-like reminders of the war.
The US has about 28,500 troops based in South Korea and has maintained a military presence there since the Korean War ended.
Mattis' counterpart, Song, gave the former four-star Marine general the lay of the land, noting that the North has 342 long-range artillery pieces aimed at Seoul, among other weapons. That's a threat that cannot be defended against, Song said, so Washington and Seoul must come up with "new offensive concepts" to be able to eliminate the artillery before it can be used, should war break out.
Mattis called the North "an oppressive regime that shackles its people, denying their freedom, their welfare and their human dignity in pursuit of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery in order to threaten others with catastrophe."
He noted that earlier this week in the Philippines, he and Song joined Southeast Asian defense ministers in committing to a diplomatic solution to the North Korea problem, even though Pyongyang and its young leader, Kim Jong Un, show no interest in negotiations.
Two other developments Thursday showed the US intention to continue building diplomatic and economic pressure on Pyongyang.The Trump administration imposed sanctions on 10 North Korean officials and organizations over human rights abuses and censorship, including a diplomat in China accused of forcing North Korean asylum seekers home.
Meanwhile, a rare military exercise involving three of the US Navy's aircraft carrier strike groups was being planned for next month in the Asia Pacific, a US official said. The likely exercise would happen around the time that Mr. Trump travels to the region, including to Seoul.
The three Navy carriers and the ships that accompany them are currently thousands of miles apart in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. But they are moving through the region and could be closer together in weeks.
Trump entered office declaring his commitment to solving the North Korea problem, asserting that he would succeed where his predecessors had failed. His administration has sought to increase pressure on Pyongyang through UN Security Council sanctions and other diplomatic efforts, but the North hasn't budged from its goal of building a full-fledged nuclear arsenal, including missiles capable of striking the US mainland.
On Saturday, Mattis will be joined by Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in annual consultations with South Korean defense officials. They are expected to admonish North Korea, vow to strengthen allied defenses, and discuss prospects for eventually giving South Korea wartime control of its own forces.
This story was reported by The Associated Press.


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Honduras: Murder of Antonio Trejo Cabrera
Department Spokesperson, Office of the Spokesperson
The United States is saddened and outraged by the murder of Honduran attorney and human rights defender Antonio Trejo Cabrera, and urges the Honduran government to conduct a full and transparent investigation of his death immediately.
To strengthen measures meant to protect human rights defenders such as Mr. Trejo Cabrera, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy and Human Rights Maria Otero led a U.S. delegation to the first Bilateral Human Rights Working Group with the Government of Honduras on September 13, 2012. During the working group meetings, the United States and Honduras committed to work together to combat impunity, reform the Honduran security and justice sectors, and enhance the capacity of Honduran human rights institutions to operate effectively.
The United States is dedicated to working with the Government of Honduras to ensure that those responsible for this reprehensible act are brought to justice, and through the Special Victims Task Force, is assisting the Honduran investigation.
Mr. Trejo Cabrera worked tirelessly to resolve the tragic and complex land conflict in Honduras's Bajo Aguan, relying on legal challenges and negotiations in a region where disputes are too often settled through violence. We urge all parties to continue his efforts to bring peace to the Bajo Aguan.