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Manual of Standards for Juvenile Detention Facilities
Manual of Standards for Juvenile Detention Facilities
New Jersey Register Publication Date: May 2, 2005
Proposed Readoption with Amendments: N.J.A.C. 13:92
Authorized By: Executive Board of the Juvenile Justice Commission, by the Honorable Peter C. Harvey, Attorney General and Chair, Markus Green, Attorney General's Designee.
Authority: N.J.S.A. 2A:4A-37; 18A:7B-5; 47:1A-1, -5; 52:17B-170(e)(6), (14), (15), (21) and (22); 52:17B-171a(1) and (5); and 52:17B-176a(6) through (9).
Calendar Reference: See Summary below for explanation of exception to calendar requirements.
Proposal Number: PRN 2005-160.
Submit written comments by July 1, 2005 to:
Valerie Egar
The agency proposal follows:
The current rules at N.J.A.C. 13:92 pertain to county juvenile detention facilities and provide standards for the care of juveniles in these facilities pending court disposition. These rules serve as a Manual of Standards for Juvenile Detention Facilities and as a compendium of the physical facility and program requirements for county detention facilities. Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 52:14B-5.1c, these rules are scheduled to expire on October 4, 2005.
At the present time, there are 17 county juvenile detention facilities in the State with a total capacity of 958 juveniles. In a given year, approximately 13,000 to 14,000 youth are admitted to county facilities Statewide. Currently, seven of the county juvenile detention facilities also operate detention commitment programs governed by rules at N.J.A.C. 13:93, which expire on December 3, 2009.
The Commission has reviewed the rules at N.J.A.C. 13:92 and has determined that they are necessary, reasonable and proper for the purposes for which they were originally promulgated. Therefore, the Commission is proposing the readoption of these rules with amendments at this time. The New Jersey Juvenile Detention Association has played an active role in the formulating of the proposed amendments.
A description of the subchapters as contained in N.J.A.C. 13:92 are summarized as follows.
Subchapter 1, Introduction, provides definitions (mainly from the New Jersey Code of Juvenile Justice), as well as the objectives of juvenile detention.
Subchapter 2, Legal Provisions, provides rules concerning the legal authority of the Commission to specify where a juvenile may be detained. The Subchapter specifies that the Commission shall inspect the facilities and enforce the standards set forth in this chapter. Subchapter 2 further provides for variances to be issued by the Commission and requires facilities to comply with other legal authority applicable to the physical facility and program standards for juvenile detention facilities such as public health, safety, fire codes and building regulations set forth by the State of New Jersey, the county and municipality in which a juvenile detention facility is located.
Subchapter 3, Organization and Administration, addresses the responsibilities of the County Board of Chosen Freeholders and the financial requirements for operating a detention facility.
Subchapter 4, Physical Standards, provides the physical facility standards for existing and new juvenile detention facilities, including location and building approval, juvenile population capacity, building and grounds, fire protection, sleeping rooms, bathing and toilet facilities, kitchens, dining areas, indoor and outdoor recreational areas, schoolrooms, office, reception and visiting areas, medical facilities and storage areas.
Subchapter 5, Intake and Admission, provides the statutory juvenile detention admission criteria, as well as facility procedures when juveniles are admitted into juvenile detention.
Subchapter 6, Records and Reports, delineates the records and reports required to be maintained by the facility, including intake information on juveniles, individual case records, master log book, medication log, log for the temporary restriction of juveniles, and other reports as needed. It also addresses the confidentiality of records and reports.
Subchapter 7, Control, Discipline and Grievance Procedure, provides the standards for facility rules and regulations, grievance procedures, discipline, temporary restriction of juveniles in their rooms and the special daily schedule.
Subchapter 8, Physical Care of Juveniles, provides standards on food and nutrition, clothing, personal hygiene and household duties and work.
Subchapter 9, Program Services, delineates the program services that must be provided at juvenile detention facilities. These include medical, recreational, educational, community, social, psychological and psychiatric services, religious services, visiting, mail, and telephone privileges.
Subchapter 10, Staff; General Requirements, provides the personnel requirements for the facility, as well as staff coverage, staff development requirements and standards regarding volunteers.
Subchapter 11, Staff; Responsibilities, provides the standards for the following positions at juvenile detention facilities: administrator; child care worker; social service worker; teacher; physician; clerical staff; food service staff; and maintenance and housekeeping staff.
Subchapter 12, Confidentiality of information sets forth requirements relevant to protecting the confidentiality of information and requirements for each facility to establish policies and procedures to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations governing the confidentiality of information.
In addition to the rules proposed for readoption, the Commission is proposing the following amendments. Many of the amendments made to the rules are substantive in nature. The following is an explanation of the proposed amendments.
A new definition, "special daily schedule," is being added to the definition rule at N.J.A.C. 13:92-1.2. Additional information relevant to the "special daily schedule" is explained at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-2.5(b) is being amended to delete text. The phrase "the State's Multi Year Plan" is being deleted because the State monitors compliance with the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended, P.L. 102-586, 42 U.S.C. §§ 5633 et seq., and 28 C.F.R. Part 31 and not the State's Multi Year Plan. Additionally, text referring to the removal of juveniles from adult jails and lockups is being deleted because N.J.A.C. 13:92 applies only to county juvenile detention facilities that house individuals charged with acts of delinquency.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.2(c) is being amended to delete reference to the "New Jersey Training School for Boys" because the Commission's reception and intake unit has been relocated.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.3(a) is being amended to prohibit the installation of razor ribbon or barbed wire fencing and will be consistent with the proposed amendment at subsection (b) of N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.11, Outdoor recreational area. Both amendments prohibit the installation of razor ribbon and barbed wire on fencing.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.3 is also being amended to add a new subsection (d). The proposed new N.J.A.C.13:92-4.3(d) would require that in newly constructed or renovated facilities, a camera surveillance system be installed in areas of the facility to which juveniles have access, excluding bathrooms, showers and sleeping rooms. The proposed new subsection further requires that the cameras are maintained and used to continuously record facility activity. The proposed new subsection additionally requires the Commission to review and approve the plans for the installation of the camera surveillance system.
The existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.3(d) through (p) are being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.3(e) through (q) with no change in text.
A portion of text currently at N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.5(f) that requires bed linens to be changed at least weekly and more often as necessary is being deleted from this subsection and relocated as a new last sentence to the current text at N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.3(a), Personal hygiene, where the Commission believes it would be more appropriately located.
Paragraph N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.6(a)1 is being amended to require that one of every eight sleeping rooms, including rooms in the intake, discipline and medical units, in new or renovated facilities shall include a stainless steel toilet and washbasin combination unit.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.10(b) is being amended to require that day rooms in new or renovated facilities shall have a minimum of 35 square feet of space per juvenile for the maximum number of juveniles who use the day room at one time. The new provision will ensure adequate space for the population.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.11(b) is being amended to prohibit the installation of barbed wire or razor ribbon on fences surrounding outdoor recreation areas. The new requirement would apply to new facilities or renovation projects which include fencing.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3 is being amended at N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)4, 5, 9, 10 and 11. N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)4 is being amended to disallow private visits at the time of admission between a juvenile and his or her parent or guardian and would require that such visits be supervised. N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)5 currently requires that a juvenile be notified of the facility's rules, regulations and specified policies and procedures at the time of admission. This notice may be provided either directly to the juvenile or posted in an area frequented by juveniles. The proposed amendment would require that each juvenile receive this information directly upon admission and that a copy of the information be prominently posted in the facility. Additionally, the proposed amendment requires that this information be provided to juveniles in Spanish if they indicate preference for the information in Spanish. The last sentence of N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)5 is being deleted for consistency purposes. A new subparagraph is being proposed at N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)5i that would require, in the event that a juvenile is admitted and is unable to communicate in either English or Spanish, the facility to provide the information required in N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)5 in the juvenile's primary language.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)9 is being amended to include three new requirements. Use of a standardized suicide risk questionnaire identified by the Juvenile Justice Commission shall be used. Additionally, if a juvenile is determined to be at risk of suicide, appropriate medical or mental health staff shall be notified and the facility's written procedures governing suicide intervention shall be implemented. Finally, when waiting for appropriate mental health services to be delivered, an at risk juvenile must be placed under an increased level of supervision N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)10 is being amended to delete the requirement that a licensed practical nurse be supervised by a registered nurse when conducting an intake health assessment and screening because this level of supervision for this task is not needed. The word "also" is being inserted in N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)10 to clarify that the health assessment and screening required in N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)10 is in addition to the admission requirements set forth in N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)9. N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)10 is also being amended to codify the last two sentences of existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)10 as proposed new N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)11. The proposed amendment will help distinguish between the two medical activities described. N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)11, recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)12, is also being amended. Recodified N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)12i is being amended to include a prohibition against the routine isolation of a newly admitted juvenile for observational purposes or because of the unavailability of appropriate staff to conduct a medical examination.
New requirements are being proposed at N.J.A.C.13:92-5.3(a)14, 15, 16 and 17. The proposed new requirements individually and collectively are intended to enhance efforts to ensure the safety of juveniles and provide for their mental health needs.
The proposed new paragraph at N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)14 will require the administration of the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-2 (MAYSI-2) to each juvenile 24 to 72 hours following admission. The MAYSI-2 is a tool primarily designed to assist detention center staff in identifying and responding to juveniles who may have special mental health needs and may therefore be in need of special attention and/or management. Information yielded from the MAYSI-2 may be used to obtain additional services or assistance. The MAYSI-2 is intended as an internal management tool to ensure the safety of juveniles and alert appropriate staff to potential special mental health, emotional and behavioral needs. This standardized mental health screening tool is used in 32 states and seven countries to identify juveniles in emotional distress. The proposed amendment further requires that juveniles who score within a caution or warning range on the MAYSI-2 be referred for additional assessments, intervention and/or services appropriate to their needs. Finally, the proposed amendment requires that juveniles who are determined to be in emotional distress be placed on an increased level of supervision.
The proposed new paragraph at N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)15 requires that the facility administrator, or his or her designee, be notified immediately whenever a juvenile is suspected of being in emotional distress, at risk of attempting suicide or has made a suicidal gesture or attempt.
The proposed new paragraph at N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)16 requires that in the event a juvenile makes a suicidal gesture or attempt that the facility administrator, or his or her designee, ensure that the facility's procedures for suicide intervention are implemented.
The proposed new paragraph at N.J.A.C. 13:92-5.3(a)17 requires that the facility administrator, or his or her designee, immediately notify staff providing direct supervision of a juvenile whenever he or she is suspected of being in emotional distress or at risk of attempting suicide.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.2(a)3 is proposed to be amended. The word "service" is being inserted to identify the staff member as a "social service worker."
N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.5(a), (a)2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are being clarified. The word "temporary" is being added to the rule text before "restriction" at N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.5(a)2, 3 and 4, and the phrase "the restricted quarters" replaced with "temporary restriction" in paragraph (a)6. Amendments at N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.5(a) and (a)4 clarify what information is required to be documented when placing a juvenile on temporary restriction. New rules are being proposed at N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.5(a)7, 8 and 9 require documentation of the administrator or his or her designee who authorizes placement of a juvenile on the special daily schedule, the date and time that the juvenile was placed on the special daily schedule and the date and time the juvenile was released from the special daily schedule. The amendments at proposed N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4 include the addition of a new "special daily schedule" for juveniles who would benefit from specialized programming in response to acting out behavior. Amendments at N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.5(a) include documentation requirements for juveniles placed on the special daily schedule.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.5(a) and 6.6(a) are being amended to add the text "prior to the end of the shift on which the restriction occurred" to require that all incidents involving the temporary restriction of juveniles and the use of mechanical restraints are documented by staff in a timely manner. N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.6(a) is also being amended to add the words "restraint chair" to the list of mechanical restraints that shall be documented in the Mechanical Restraint Log when it is used. This amendment is necessary to ensure consistency with the amendment to N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(e) which adds "restraint chair" to the list of mechanical restraints approved for use in juvenile detention facilities.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-6.6(a)3 is being amended to require that the type of restraint used also be recorded in the Mechanical Restraint Log.
The section heading of N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4 is being amended to include "and special daily schedule." The entire rule at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4 is being revised and amended to clarify and detail how temporary restriction and the special daily schedule shall be implemented within detention facilities.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(c) is being amended to clarify that approval of the facility administrator, or his or her designee, shall be obtained prior to placing a juvenile on temporary restriction.
The existing text of N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d)1 as clarified by existing paragraph (e)1 is being relocated and revised for clarity as proposed new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(e).
The existing text of N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d)2 is being relocated as proposed new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(m)1.
The existing text of N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d)3 is proposed to be recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d).
The existing text at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d)4 through 10 are being relocated as N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(m)2 through 8.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(e) is being deleted. New N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(e) through (m) are being proposed as part of N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4 and are explained as follows.
Existing text at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(e) is being relocated and revised for clarity as proposed new subsections N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(g) and (i).
Existing text at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(e)1 is being relocated and revised for clarity as new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(l)
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(e) is being proposed that will require that a juvenile placed on temporary restriction be re-assessed at least every two hours to determine if continued confinement is necessary and that the reason for continued restriction be documented.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(f) is being proposed that will limit temporary room restriction of a juvenile to a maximum of 24 hours. The proposed new subsection also requires that a juvenile who requires continued restriction be placed on the special daily schedule in compliance with proposed new requirements at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(g).
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(g) is being proposed that requires a juvenile whose disruptive behavior warrants restriction beyond the initial 24-hour period be placed on the special daily schedule with daily opportunities to engage in program activities, such as education and large muscle exercise. The number of opportunities to engage in daily program activities shall increase as the juvenile's behavior improves.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(h) is being proposed that will require the facility administrator, or his or her designee, to approve placement of a juvenile on the special daily schedule.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(i) is being proposed that requires when a resident is placed on the special daily schedule, the social service worker shall develop a plan that addresses the resident's behavior resulting in his or her restriction. The social service worker shall also ensure compliance with the requirements of N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(g). If a mental health problem is suspected, the social service worker shall immediately consult a mental health professional. The special daily schedule shall be maintained and all activities documented until the juvenile can be reintegrated into the general population.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(j) is being proposed that will prohibit placing a juvenile on either room restriction or on the special daily schedule for a predetermined amount of time.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(k) is being proposed that will allow the juvenile's improved behavior to serve as the determining factor for his or her reintegration into the general juvenile population from the special daily schedule status. New N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(k) also requires that if the administrator or his or her designee determines that the resident cannot be reintegrated into the general population, the reason for keeping the resident on the special daily schedule shall be recorded on the form designated for this purpose as described in N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(l).
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(l) is being proposed that will require that upon placement on the special daily schedule, all pertinent information regarding the placement be recorded on a form designed for that purpose. The information on the form shall include the name of the juvenile, the date and time of placement on and release from the special daily schedule, the name of the supervisor requesting placement, the name of the administrator or his or her designee authorizing placement, the reason for the placement, and the reason for keeping the resident on the special daily schedule. A copy of each completed form shall be filed in a separate folder maintained for this purpose.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(m) is being proposed. The proposed new subsection specifies procedures that shall apply when a juvenile is temporarily restricted to quarters or placed on the special daily schedule.
Proposed new N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(m)1 is the existing text at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d)2 and requires any potentially dangerous item on the juvenile or in the quarters to be removed to prevent self-inflicted harm.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(m)2 through 8 are being relocated from existing text that is currently codified at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.4(d)4 through 10, and set forth the procedures to be followed when a juvenile is temporarily restricted to quarters or placed on the special daily schedule.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(b) is being amended to include that written policy, procedure and practice shall restrict the use of both physical "and/or mechanical" restraints. N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(b) is also being amended to include that a juvenile shall be removed from a mechanical restraint when he or she no longer poses a threat.
A new paragraph at N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(e)4 is being added to include that mechanical restraints approved for use in a juvenile detention facility include the use of a restraint chair.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(k) is being revised to require that staff members maintain close rather than constant visual supervision of juveniles when mechanical restraints are in use in order to ensure the safety of the juvenile. Close visual supervision requires that the juvenile be visually checked at least every five minutes. Because the juvenile is in restraints and secure, he or she does not require constant visual supervision to ensure his or her safety. This will allow staff to still provide close supervision of a juvenile in restraints while ensuring the juvenile's safety and also allow staff to carry out other responsibilities in a more effective manner.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(m) is being amended to require that the facility administrator, or his or her designee, shall make an assessment of the juvenile's behavior every 15 minutes for the duration of restraint, ensure that the mechanical restraint is properly applied, and that documentation in the juvenile's medical and resident file be recorded.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(n) is being amended to reduce the time frame from 60 to 30 minutes whenever a mechanical restraint is used and that medical or social service staff, or the facility administrator, or his or her designee, in the absence of medical or social service staff, shall determine whether there is reason to suspect a mental health problem. N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(n) is also being amended to delete the requirement that a licensed practical nurse be supervised by a registered nurse when making this determination because this level of supervision is not needed for this task.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(n)1 is also being amended to require that if a mental health problem is suspected, the medical or social service staff, or facility administrator, or his or her designee, if the medical or social service staff is not available, shall consult with a licensed mental health professional and document the results of that consultation in the juvenile's medical file.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(n)2 is being revised to clarify that a new determination, whether there is reason to suspect a mental health problem, shall be made and documented at the end of each 30-minute period by the medical or social service staff, or the facility administrator, or his or her designee, if the medical or social service staff is not available. N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(n)2 is also being amended to require that if a mental health crisis is suspected, an emergency mental health crisis assessment shall be obtained which may result in the removal of the juvenile from the facility.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(o) and (p) are being deleted because they are no longer needed due to the new requirements set forth in the proposed amendments to N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(n).
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(q) is being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(o) and is also being amended to require that each use of a mechanical restraint, except when used during transportation outside a secure area, shall be documented in the mechanical restraint log prior to the end of the shift on which the restraint occurred.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(r) is being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(p). Recodified N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(p)7 is being amended for clarity. The word "method(s)" has been changed to the word "type(s)" of physical or mechanical restraint used.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(s) is being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(q) and is being amended to clarify that the use of chemical and/or natural agents, such as mace, pepper spray, or other similar agents, shall be prohibited within a juvenile detention facility. Recodified N.J.A.C. 13:92-7.5(q) is also being amended to include that juvenile detention officers may be authorized by the facility administrator to carry and use pepper spray only while transporting juveniles outside the facility, for example, to court, hospitals, clinics, etc. All juvenile detention officers authorized by the facility administrator to use pepper spray shall receive training and semi-annual re-training in pepper spray use and its effects in a class approved by the Police Training Commission.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1 is being amended to add a new subsection (d) that requires that the general population not be fed meals in sleeping rooms, except under extraordinary circumstances.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1(d) through (l) are being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1(e) through (m) with no change in text.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.3(a) is being amended to add text that was previously codified as part of N.J.A.C. 13:92-4.5(f). N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.3(a) will now require that bed linens be changed at least once a week and more often when necessary.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.1(m)1 is being amended. Weekday sick call is being changed to daily sick call to clarify that sick call occurs every day because staff is available daily to conduct sick call. The text "or other qualified healthcare personnel" is being revised to specify who may conduct sick call. The terminology used for "nurse practitioner" is being changed to "an advanced practice nurse" to reflect the appropriate term used for a health care professional authorized to conduct sick call.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.1(m)2 is being amended to delete "on weekends" and "other health care professionals." The proposed amendment will clarify that sick call occurs daily and may occur when medical personnel are not on-site. The amendment will further specify those medical professionals that are on call at all times and are to be contacted for guidance and instruction.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.7(a) is being amended to add new text that will allow a visit to be withheld from a juvenile who exhibits disruptive behavior if it is determined by the facility administrator, or his or her designee, that allowing the visit could pose a threat to the safety or security of the staff, other juveniles, visitors or the facility. When a juvenile's visit is withheld, the visitor shall be notified.
A new subsection at N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.7(g) is being proposed that requires juveniles to not be routinely locked in their rooms during visiting hours.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.8, Mail, is being amended to prohibit a juvenile's legal mail from being read or copied. For clarity purposes, the sequence of existing subsections N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.8 (b), (c) and (d) is being changed. Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1(d) is being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1(b) with no change in text. Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.8(c) is being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1(d) with no change in text. Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.8(b) is being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-8.1(c) and this subsection is being amended to prohibit the reading or copying of a juvenile's legal mail. Existing subsections N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.8(a), (e) and (f) remain unchanged.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.9(a) is being amended to allow juveniles to make a minimum of two telephone calls weekly in order to encourage and maintain family and other relationships. In addition, N.J.A.C. 13:92-9.9(a) is being amended to allow those juveniles whose families have a "block" on their phone line which prevents them from receiving collect telephone calls, to make at least one non-collect telephone call per week.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(d) is being amended to clarify that whenever juveniles are in their sleeping room or any holding room, that they be visually checked at least every 15 minutes. N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(d) is also being amended to require that the check be documented in a record created for this purpose.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(g) is being proposed that would require the ratio of child care workers on duty to juveniles during waking hours to be at least one worker to eight juveniles and during sleeping hours at least one worker to 16 juveniles. It should be noted that new N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(g) is currently codified at N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.2(a) where it is proposed to be deleted because of its proposed relocation at N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(g).
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(g) through (i) are being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(h) through (j) with no change in text.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.7(c)3 is being amended to clarify that methods for handling disruptive behavior, security and emergency procedures are included as part of staff training.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.7(f) is being amended to add that certification in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (C.P.R.) and First Aid shall be included as part of the annually budgeted 24 hours of in-service training for each staff member.
As stated above, N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.2(a) is being deleted as part of this rule and being relocated at N.J.A.C. 13:92-10.6(g).
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.2(b) through (c) are being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.2(a) through (b) with no change in text.
N.J.A.C.13:92-11.3(b) is being amended to require that there be one full-time social service worker employed for every 25 juveniles. The current requirement provides for one social service worker for every 20 juveniles. The change from 20 to 25 juveniles to one social service worker is being made because of the proposed new N.J.A.C.13:92-11.3(c), described below, which limits the activities and duties of the social service worker thereby permitting more time for the social service worker to perform exclusive social service activities related to the needs of juveniles.
A new N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.3(c) is being proposed that stipulates that social service workers responsible for meeting the social service needs of juveniles, and included in meeting the social service worker to juvenile ratio, shall not have other responsibilities assigned to them, such as court liaison, administrative responsibilities, or other duties.
Existing N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.3(c) through (d) are being recodified as N.J.A.C. 13:92-11.3(d) through (e) with no change in text.
N.J.A.C. 13:92-12.1(a) is being amended to change the name of the "Right to Know Act" to the "Open Public Records Act" because statutory amendments have been made to N.J.S.A. 47:1A-1 et seq. since N.J.A.C. 13:92 was originally adopted.
Appendix A is being amended with the new telephone number and fax number for the Compliance Monitoring Unit for submission of Incident Reports. In addition, the form is also being amended to require documentation of administrative action taken in response to incidents.
Because the Commission has provided a 60-day comment period on this notice of proposal, this notice is excepted from the rulemaking calendar requirement pursuant to N.J.A.C. 1:30-3.3(a)5.
Social Impact
The rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments will continue to have a positive social impact by making the Manual of Standards for Juvenile Detention Facilities (Manual) strong, clear, easy to understand and consistent with the legislation that established the Juvenile Justice Commission.
In 2003, the Statewide average daily population in New Jersey's 17 county detention centers was 906. The rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments will result in increased Statewide uniformity in the nature of the programming provided to the detainees by incorporating recognized standards of care. The Manual will continue to establish standards regarding the type of programming (for example, education, medical and social services) made available to the detainees. Requirements are set forth regarding staff to juvenile ratios, staff training, and life-safety issues for juveniles as well as staff.
Pursuant to State statute, detained juveniles have been determined to be a threat to others or at risk of failing to appear for court hearings. The rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments will benefit the public at large by ensuring that local detention facilities provide secure settings for juveniles charged with delinquency offenses. The Manual will continue to specify minimum standards for security requirements regarding the physical plant, staffing and employee qualifications. The Manual will result in Statewide uniformity in new or renovated juvenile detention facilities. The detention standards will also have a positive social impact on counties and local communities in that they support the juvenile justice reform initiative which is designed to protect the public, ensure juvenile accountability and foster rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
The Manual takes into account national standards and the contributions of experts in the field of juvenile detention who are knowledgeable in the area of established detention practices. These practices, resulting from years of experience, will ensure the adequate programming, safety and security of juvenile detention facilities.
Economic Impact
The rules proposed for readoption will have an economic impact on county juvenile detention facilities by continuing the State's regulatory oversight. Juvenile detention facilities are operated and funded by counties. In order to comply with standards imposed by the readoption, counties will need to fund the staffing, training, equipment needs and infrastructure required at juvenile county detention facilities.
The regulatory scheme set out in the proposed rules is not new, and neither is the economic impact on counties. Current regulation of juvenile county detention facilities continues a status quo that goes back to January 11, 1980, when the Department of Corrections promulgated rules regulating those facilities at N.J.A.C. 10:19. Pursuant to Executive Order No. 66 (1978), those rules expired on May 12, 2000. As part of the transfer of jurisdiction from the Department of Corrections to the Commission, N.J.A.C. 10:19 was superceded by the May 2000 promulgation of the existing N.J.A.C. 13:92.
The proposed amendments will have an economic impact on those countries that choose to renovate or construct new juvenile detention facilities. The costs for the expenditures made necessary by the new requirements described in the Summary will vary depending on the size of the facility, the population served, and whether a county is planning to renovate an existing facility, or build a new one. In addition, juvenile detention facilities may be required to promote staff development and training in order to comply with strengthened requirements in this area.
Specific proposed amendments to N.J.A.C. 13:92 may impose additional costs. The proposed amendment at N.J.A.C.13:92-7.5(q) permits the optional use of pepper spray by juvenile detention officers only when transporting juveniles. Should a county facility elect to allow its staff to use pepper spray, only trained staff would be permitted to do so. Provision of this required training and re-training approved by the Police Training Commission would present an economic impact on the county only if the county chooses this option. Proper training, however, alleviates the potential adverse impact such as lawsuits, from improper usage.
A county may experience an economic impact when complying with the new requirement at N.J.A.C.13:92-9.9(a), which requires a juvenile detention facility to provide at least one weekly telephone call for those juveniles whose families have a block on their telephone line that prevents collect calls. It is anticipated that this cost will be minimal if juveniles are permitted to use facility office telephones to make these calls, which will typically be local calls, because in most cases, the juvenile lives in the county in which the facility is located.
Counties are also expected to experience an economic benefit. Employees will be more informed and qualified to perform their duties; fewer accidents, incidents and injuries are expected because of the safer equipment and conditions in the facilities and staff will be better trained. Therefore, this should result in lower legal and health care costs.
These rules are required to adequately protect the health, safety and well-being of the juveniles served in county detention.
Currently, it is estimated that juvenile detention in New Jersey costs approximately $53 million per year.
Federal Standards Statement
The rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments do not contain any standards or requirements which exceed those imposed by federal law including the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended, P.L. 102-586, 42 U.S.C. §§5601 et seq., 28 C.F.R. Part 31, the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C.A. §§12101 et seq., the United States Department of Agriculture's regulations concerning child nutrition programs at 7 C.F.R. Parts 210 and 220 and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's bloodborne pathogens standard, 29 C.F.R. §1910.1030 concerning Exposure Control Plans. Therefore, a Federal standards analysis is not required.
Jobs Impact
The Juvenile Justice Commission does not anticipate that the rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments will result in the generation or loss of jobs in New Jersey.
Agriculture Industry Impact
The rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments will have no impact on the agriculture industry in New Jersey.
Regulatory Flexibility Statement
The rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments do not impose reporting, recordkeeping or other compliance requirements upon small businesses. The facilities impacted by the rules are county-operated facilities and are not considered small businesses as defined under the Regulatory Flexibility Act, N.J.S.A. 52:14B-16 et. seq. Therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.
Smart Growth Impact
The Juvenile Justice Commission does not anticipate that the rules proposed for readoption and the proposed amendments will have any impact on the achievement of smart growth or the implementation of the State Development and Redevelopment Plan.
Full text of the rules proposed for readoption may be found in the New Jersey Administrative Code at N.J.A.C. 13:92.
Full text of the proposed amendments follows (additions indicated in boldface thus; deletions indicated in brackets [thus]):
13:92-1.2 Definitions
13:92-2.5 Other legal authority
13:92-4.2 Juvenile population capacity
13:92-4.3 Building and grounds
13:92-4.5 Sleeping rooms
13:92-4.6 Sleeping rooms; new and renovated facilities
13:92-4.10 Indoor recreational areas
13:92-4.11 Outdoor recreational areas
13:92-5.3 Intake and admission procedures
13:92-6.2 Individual case records
13:92-6.5 Log for [the] temporary restriction [of juveniles] and special daily
13:92-6.6 Mechanical restraint log
13:92-7.4 Temporary restriction and special daily schedule
13:92-7.5 Physical and mechanical restraints
13:92-8.1 Food and nutrition
13:92-8.3 Personal hygiene
13:92-9.1 Medical services
13:92-9.7 Visiting
13:92-9.8 Mail
13:92-9.9 Telephone
13:92-10.6 Staff coverage
13:92-10.7 Staff development
13:92-11.2 Child care workers
13:92-11.3 Social service worker
13:92-12.1 Confidential records and information
Peter C. Harvey
By: Markus Green


text:
Category: Nail Polish Care
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Whether cosmetics: non-special cosmetics
Test report: SGS
Shelf life: 2 years
Uses: beautify, modify, and care for nails
Ingredients: acrylic copolymers, acrylic esters, cellulose acetate butyrate, microcrystalline wax, etc.
Each layer of this product should be illuminated under LED light for 30-60 seconds or UV light for 2 minutes
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
ZCZC MIATCDAT2 ALL TTAA00 KNHC DDHHMM Post-Tropical Cyclone Ophelia Discussion Number 28 NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL AL172017 1100 PM AST Sun Oct 15 2017 Within just the past six hours, the last bit of deep convection near Ophelia's center has been sheared off well to the north, and the cyclone has acquired a definitive extratropical structure. Ophelia has completed its transition to an occluded low, with an attached warm front extending northeastward across Ireland and a cold front draped southeastward toward Spain and Portugal. The powerful cyclone continues to produce hurricane-force winds, with recent ASCAT data showing wind vectors as high as 70 kt to the east of the center. Based on these data, the initial intensity remains 75 kt to account for undersampling. The occluded low is forecast to gradually fill and weaken during the next couple of days, and it is likely to dissipate near the western coast of Norway by 48 hours. Despite the expected weakening, the post-tropical cyclone is still likely to bring hurricane-force winds, especially in gusts, to portions of western Ireland on Monday. Ophelia has accelerated and retrograded slightly during the past 6-12 hours during the occlusion process, and the long-term motion estimate is northward, or 010/38 kt. Now that occlusion is complete, the post-tropical cyclone should resume a north- northeastward motion, with some decrease in forward speed, within the next 12 hours. That heading should continue for the ensuing day or two, bringing the center of the cyclone near the western coast of Ireland on Monday and then near northern Scotland Monday night. The dynamical track models remain in good agreement on this scenario, and the updated NHC forecast is not too different from the previous one. This is the last advisory issued by the National Hurricane Center now that Ophelia has become post-tropical. Local forecasts, warnings, and other communications regarding the post-tropical cyclone that are pertinent to Ireland and the United Kingdom will continue to be available from Met Eireann and the UK Met Office. KEY MESSAGES: 1. Ophelia will remain a powerful extratropical cyclone with hurricane-force winds while it moves near Ireland and the United Kingdom Monday and Monday night. Strong winds and heavy rain are likely in portions of these areas, along with dangerous marine conditions. For more details on the magnitude, timing, and location of impacts from post-tropical Ophelia, residents in Ireland should refer to products issued by Met Eireann, and residents in the United Kingdom should refer to products issued by the Met Office. 2. Individuals are urged to not focus on the exact track of Ophelia since strong winds and heavy rainfall will extend well outside of the NHC forecast cone. FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS INIT 16/0300Z 49.2N 13.3W 75 KT 85 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP 12H 16/1200Z 53.2N 10.1W 65 KT 75 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP 24H 17/0000Z 57.4N 5.9W 50 KT 60 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP 36H 17/1200Z 61.9N 0.1W 40 KT 45 MPH...POST-TROP/EXTRATROP 48H 18/0000Z...DISSIPATED $$ Forecaster Berg NNNN
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text:
Want to run your 3D printer without your laptop attached? Looking to make your hackerspace printer network accessable? OctoPrint aims to make a 3D print server for the Raspberry Pi.
The open source Python project allows you to upload and manage GCODE files on the RPi. You can then select files that you want to print, and get basic statistics before running the printer. Information including temperature can be reported back via the UI, and arbitrary GCODE commands can be run for setup and testing.
Some other nifty features include streaming video to the UI so the print job can be watched remotely. Support for creating time-lapse videos is also available. Adding a wifi dongle and webcam to an RPi turns it into a fully featured print server.
The project uses the Flask web framework to serve the UI, and Tornadio with Socket.io to communicate with the UI asynchronously. You can pull the code from the project's Github and try it out.
Thanks to [Camerin] for sending this in.


text:
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Noted inventor of dental equipment and home dental products, invented the world's first electric toothbrush, 1954.
An E.R Squibb & Sons distributed product from 1959-1990. Recommended by dentists, over 15 million have been sold worldwide.
Dr. Philippe-G. Woog's work has been the subject of over 160 clinical papers.
The Inventor of the BROXO® Oral Health line of products has been Acknowledged by the Dental Profession
Dr John Manhold M.A., D.M.D., F.A.C.D., F.I.C.D., F.A.P.M.
Formerly Professor and Chairman, Dept. of General and Oral Pathology, University of Medecine and Dentistry of New Jersey.
Phillippe Guy E. Woog is a person of remarkable insight who early observed that man unfortunately must be helped if he is to retain something as vital as his own health. Because of his early training, Philippe's thoughts became concentrated on oral health.
Phillipe began a search then, to provide a means by which man could overcome his natural resistance to engaging in the procedures necessary to maintain his state of good health. The result was the all new concept of Broxodent - an oscillating motor, electric toothbrush which first appeared in 1956 in Switzerland and was introduced to the United States at the centennial celebration of the American Dental Association in 1959.
The dental profession almost immediately realized the importance of this contribution to oral health. It literally changed the brushing habits of large sections of the population throughout the world and provided stimulation to, and cleansing of, oral tissues which literally can be matched, if at all, only with much greater amounts of attendant activity.
Practically the impact has been so great that more than 150 other brands of automatic toothbrushes have been introduced since Philippe Woog's invention and the survivors today of these numerous brands are essentially imitators of the original Broxodent ® design.
Then, Philippe Guy E. Woog has been the initiator of a revolution in the manner in which man cares for this oral health. Moreover, he always has worked diligently with members of the profession to gain the best possible results for patients. He has engaged in, and funded, continuous medical research to improve oral health procedures. He has been most diligent in overseeing precision manufacturing and quality of the products so as never to allow less than practical perfections.
Furthermore, Philippe Woog has continued to provide other innovative, simple, comfortable and highly effective methods for use by the layman to effect his oral health. And perhaps even more importantly to the dental and medical professions and ultimately to the patient, he has pioneered and funded basic physiologic studies such as those to measure factors of the speed and acceleration of blood circulation in gingival capillaries and such behavioral studies as those analytical of behaviorism in traditional oral hygiene. In summary, Philippe Guy E. Woog is an inventor who already has changed the course of dental therapy and a man who is continuing to provide leadership in examing and changing basic physiologic and psychologic thought patterns in the biomedical sciences.
Dr. John Manhold
The best gum massage and ultimate plaque removal - meet the electric toothbrush clinically proven to outo all others.
For the following devices:
BROXO® OraBrush® BROXODENT® POWER +
BROXODENT ['klassic] ®
BROXO [per'io.brush/son'ik] ®
WOOG Orasystem ®
High-performance dental irrigator. Adjustable irrigation force and seven simultaneous fractionated microjets, pulsating at high frequency to produce significant clinical benefits.


text:
A Night to Surrender
by Tessa Dare
Genre: Romance
Published: 2011
Series: Spindle Cove
View: 3865Read Online
Read A Night to Surrender Storyline:Welcome to Spindle Cove, where the ladies with delicate constitutions come for the sea air, and men in their prime are. . . nowhere to be found. Or are they? Spindle Cove is the destination of choice for certain types of well-bred young ladies: the painfully shy, young wives disenchanted with matrimony, and young girls too enchanted with the wrong men; it is a haven for those who live there. Victor Bramwell, the new Earl of Rycliff, knows he doesn't belong here. So far as he can tell, there's nothing in this place but spinsters. . . and sheep. But he has no choice, he has orders to gather a militia. It's a simple mission, made complicated by the spirited, exquisite Susanna Finch—a woman who is determined to save her personal utopia from the invasion of Bram's makeshift army. Susanna has no use for aggravating men; Bram has sworn off interfering women. The scene is set for an epic battle. . . but who can be named the winner when both have so much to lose?
Pages of A Night to Surrender :


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The Hansard is the report of the proceedings of the Australian parliament and its committees. This includes the Senate, House of Representatives, the Federation Chamber and all parliamentary committees.
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Satire and Defenses of (De Facto and De Jure) Oscar Misogyny
The great Emily Nussbaum links to, while critiquing, a defense of the Onion's Quvenzhané Wallis tweet. To amplify Nussbaum's response a little, I actually agree with Johnson that the intent of the tweet was to mock misogynist attacks on girls and women in Hollywood. The problem is that directing that epithet at a 9-year-old, in the context of a tweet, completely swamps the intent in practice. It functioned as an attack on Wallis no matter what the intent, as The Onion ultimately recognized itself. The poor execution of the joke defeated the purpose.
Predictably, similar defenses of MacFarlane have made made, and they're even less tenable. First of all, I don't believe that the primary intent of MacFarlane's witless parade of sexist and racist cliches was to mock MacFarlane. But even if we implausibly assume arguendo that the the intent of MacFarlane and the writers and producers was to produce a mean 4-hour satire of a comedian reduced to using material that would have been rejected as too tired by a Catskills hack 40 years ago, the same problem remains — the material just wasn't sharp enough to make the joke work. Pace Grierson, the attempt to "critic-proof" the misogyny by going meta is just a chickenshit cop-out; pointing out that your next gag will by unfunny and offensive does not, in itself, make the joke any less unfunny or offensive. And while the idea of a song called "I Saw Your Boobs" could in theory be mocking the sexist douche making the joke, in that context when it goes on for nearly two crudely and painfully unfunny minutes the butt of the joke is the actors whatever your intent was.
Entertainingly mocking something by impersonating it is certainly something that can be done to great effect — cf. Randy Newman or Stephen Colbert. (Hint: for one thing, Newman and Colbert don't sound exactly like a Lester Maddox fan or a Fox News host; the discernible ironic distance is a large part of what makes the joke work. There has to be a twist.) The Onion can pull it off at its best too. But don't try it at home: if you're less talented than Newman or Colbert the results can get pretty ugly. The Onion failed this time, and if it's what MacFarlane was trying to do he didn't come close.
…Margaret Lyons on why this matters.


text:
Sodoma y Gomorra
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We wrote here about the fact that Canada has left the U.S. in the dust when it comes to fiscal reform. At the Hoover Institution's Defining Ideas, David Henderson explains how the Canadians did it:
[Since 1993], Canada's federal debt has fallen from almost 70 percent to only 29 percent of GDP. Moreover, every year between 1997 and 2008, Canada's federal government had a budget surplus. …
About 85 cents of every dollar of deficit reduction was achieved with spending cuts. Beyond that, the government didn't pull every politician's favorite trick of cutting just the growth rate of government spending. It cut absolute spending on many programs in dollar terms. … Because of the years of spending cuts, federal spending on programs–that is, all spending except for interest on the federal debt–fell from a high of 17.5 percent of GDP in 1992-93 to 11.3 percent in 2000-01.
The fact that Canada achieved these cuts while having socialized medicine hanging around its neck like an albatross makes the feat even more impressive. Did spending cuts depress Canada's economy, as American liberals would predict? No:
As the government cut its spending on programs from 14.9 percent of GDP in fiscal year 1996 to 12.1 percent in fiscal year 2000, more resources were available for people to use productively in the private sector. From 1997 to 2000, when government spending as a percent of GDP fell, Canada's economy experienced a high rate of real growth of between four and five percent per year.
Watching the folly that often passes for government in Washington, it is easy to accept the fatalistic view that spending can never be cut, and America is doomed to fiscal collapse. But if Canada can do it, why can't we?


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Conservative Catholics Don't Love Rick Santorum — As Much As He Tries
SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) — At El Sendero De La Cruz evangelical church, Rick Santorum sought prayers along with votes.
He told the San Juan congregation that he felt "very blessed" to be with people of faith and said he can withstand the demands of campaigning because of the many people like them he meets while running for president.
"The first thing they almost always say to me, 'I'm praying for you,'" Santorum said. "It works."
It's the kind of spirit-infused language that is helping Santorum connect with evangelical Republicans, who have fueled his strong showing in state after state. Yet, in one of the more puzzling developments among many in the GOP contest, he's nowhere near as successful with his fellow Roman Catholics.
Across all states where Republican primary voters were asked their religion in exit polls, Mitt Romney, a Mormon, trounced Santorum among Catholics, with an average margin of victory above 20 percentage points. Even in Southern states, where Romney has struggled, Catholics broke his way.
On Sunday, overwhelmingly Catholic Puerto Rico was holding its primary.
Catholics haven't voted as a bloc in decades, leading analysts to declare "the Catholic vote" as such doesn't exist. Still, the results are surprising given that the former Pennsylvania senator puts Catholicism at the center of his public service and personal life.
Known for attending Mass almost daily, Santorum organized a Catholic study group for lawmakers when he served in Congress, has fought abortion and defended traditional marriage. He cites his faith for his support for humanitarian work, such as financing programs that fight AIDS in Africa. He has home-schooled his seven children and sent some to private schools affiliated with the Catholic movement Opus Dei. Santorum has said that growing up north of Pittsburgh, his parents expected him to attend church every Sunday without fail.
"You had to basically be dead not to go," he said in a 2005 interview with the New York Times.
Religious identity is not as much of a consideration for Catholic voters as it is for members of some other faiths.
Only 1 in 5 Catholics on average said it mattered "a great deal" that a candidate share their religious beliefs, compared with one-third of non-Catholics in exit polls that asked the question.
Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich, also Catholic, on average trails Santorum among Catholics.
In the 2004 race, Democrat John Kerry was the first Catholic presidential candidate from a major party since John F. Kennedy in 1960. Still, Kerry lost Catholics in the general election to President George W. Bush, a Protestant who emphasized his born-again religious conversion.
"Just being Catholic by no means buys you anything in the Catholic vote anymore," said Mark Gray, a researcher at Georgetown University's Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate who specializes in American Catholics.
Santorum's style of campaigning, in which he frames political issues in emotional, starkly moral terms of good and evil, is more common to evangelical than Catholic culture. He is often mistaken for a Protestant conservative, by both evangelicals and Catholics, according to a poll conducted last week by the Pew Research Center.
"One of the great blessings I've had in every political campaign is people underestimate me, people underestimate what God can do," Santorum told the congregation at First Baptist Church of Bossier City, La., on Sunday.
Less than half of the Catholic Republicans surveyed knew Santorum's faith, the survey showed, while 11 percent of Catholic Republicans and 35 percent of white evangelical Republicans thought Santorum was an evangelical.
"The rhetoric often comes out in a way that many people would take to be similar to how evangelicals express themselves," said Russell Shaw, an author and writer for Our Sunday Visitor, a theologically conservative Catholic magazine, and a former spokesman for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. "No nuances and no holds barred."
For most of his fellow Catholics, Santorum's views are as likely to alienate as attract. Less than one-quarter of Catholics attend Mass weekly. Most use artificial contraception, support gay civil unions or marriage, and hold other views contrary to church teaching. Religious conservatives have called these Catholics "CINOs" — Catholics in Name Only.
Santorum underscored his distance from other Catholics by saying recently that he "almost threw up" when he read Kennedy's famous 1960 speech to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association addressing anti-Catholic bias. Kennedy had said, "I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute," which Santorum and many religious conservatives interpret as endorsing a secular outlook. Santorum has said he wished he could take back the remark, but stood by his criticism of the speech.
Voters in a Republican primary, who are among the most motivated and active party members, are assumed to include more Catholics in line with Santorum, politically and religiously.
Deal Hudson, who was a Catholic outreach adviser to Bush's presidential campaigns, rejects that idea. He believes Catholic Republicans include many faithful who aren't as religiously active as Santorum and instead "pretty much behave like the general public."
Exit polls generally don't ask about church attendance, considered a critical measure of religious devotion, so there is no way to know for sure. But the exit polls, conducted for The Associated Press by Edison Research, do hold some clues about the gap between Catholic Republicans and Santorum.
In Ohio, where Romney narrowly edged Santorum, Catholic primary voters were less likely than Protestants to see Santorum as their best ideological match. The polls found that 52 percent of Protestant voters described Santorum's positions as just right, compared with 42 percent of Catholics, while 28 percent of Catholics called Santorum too conservative. Even among Ohio voters who described themselves as conservative, more Protestants than Catholics said Santorum's positions were about right — 62 percent to 52 percent.
In Michigan, a majority of Catholics who backed Romney said they were strongly behind their candidate, while just 28 percent of Catholics who voted for Santorum said the same.
In fact, Catholics in the exit polls tend to look more like the typical Romney Republican. Catholics are less deeply conservative and less likely to back the Tea Party movement. They have more formal education than non-Catholics and higher incomes, with 74 percent reporting annual household incomes over $50,000, compared with 67 percent of non-Catholics.
Catholics are also less likely than other Christians to hesitate over Romney's Mormonism, even though the Catholic Church, like many faith traditions, does not recognize Mormons as part of historical Christianity, although Mormons themselves do.
"One reason Catholics don't have a religious problem with it is because they've been a persecuted religious group," said Hudson, chairman of Catholic Advocate, a conservative advocacy group that aims to politically organize Catholics. "Catholics know what it's like for people to think their beliefs are crazy."
AP Religion Writer Rachel Zoll reported from New York. AP Deputy Director of Polling Jennifer Agiesta in Washington and AP writer Andrew DeMillo in Bossier City, La., contributed to this report.
Copyright 2012 The Associated Press.


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Liberals have always held a bifurcated view of women and their need for government protection. On the one hand, they seek to use the boot of government to obliterate every last inherent difference between the genders, even in the most physical manifestations. On the other hand, they use big government programs to grant superfluous rights to women, as if they needed government to protect them from men.
This week, the Senate will debate reauthorization of the misleadingly named Violence Against Women Act (S.47). All but 14 Republicans agreed to proceed with debate on the bill. What is this ridiculous bill nicknamed VAWA?
Under our criminal justice system, states and local governments are vested with the police power to deal with crimes committed against its residents. Those powers are just as robust, whether the crime has been committed against a man, a woman, and everything in between (except for the unborn, thanks to Roe v. Wade). In 1994, the Clinton Administration waded into the criminal justice system by imposing a federal prosecutorial and investigative regime to combat domestic violence. This new layer of government, housed in the Department of Justice, focused on redistributing judicial power to female victims and undermining equal protection, due process and the presumption of innocence for men – all to satisfy the cult of group victimhood. Moreover, the billions spent on sundry social programs have shown no success in reducing incidents of domestic violence, while precluding state and local governments from dealing with the problem as reflected by the reality in their areas of jurisdiction.
The new reauthorization includes the following added perks:
- The last reauthorization expanded the programs and protections to the elderly and children. This one would expand "coverage" to men, homosexuals, transgendered individuals and prisoners. After all, in a liberal marriage you have to have some way of identifying the husband and the wife. Nonetheless, this will force shelters for battered women to service …well, some other individuals as well.
- It expands the definition of domestic violence to include causing "emotional distress" or using "unpleasant speech."
- It expands the law's reach to give tribal Indian authorities jurisdiction over non-Indians accused of domestic violence within the borders of an Indian reservation.
- It would grant more visas to illegal immigrants who claim to be victims of domestic abuse.
The irony of this entire debate is that it comes on the heels of the Pentagon's announcement that women will be placed in direct ground combat, opening the door for them to serve in the most violent jobs, including infantry and special forces. So at the same time they pursue a gender-neutral society – one which will forever change the way women are viewed in violent situations – liberals are seeking to expand the role of the federal government in an ineffective program to protect women.
That just about sums up the enigma of modern feminism.
Cross-posted from The Madison Project


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It is outrageous that General Electric/MSNBC would suspend Keith Olbermann for exercising his constitutional rights to contribute to a candidate of his choice. This is a real threat to political discourse in America and will have a chilling impact on every commentator for MSNBC.
We live in a time when 90 percent of talk radio is dominated by right-wing extremists, when the Republican Party has its own cable network (Fox) and when progressive voices are few and far between.
At a time when the ownership of Fox news contributed millions of dollars to the Republican Party, when a number of Fox commentators are using the network as a launching pad for their presidential campaigns and are raising money right off the air, it is absolutely unacceptable that MSNBC suspended one of the most popular progressive commentators in the country.
Is Rachel Maddow or Ed Schultz next? Is this simply a 'personality conflict' within MSNBC or is one of America's major corporations cracking down on a viewpoint they may not like? Whatever the answer may be, Keith Olbermann should be reinstated immediately and allowed to present his point of view.
@senatorsanders @KeithOlbermann Keep the faith. We'll do everything we can to get you back on the air ASAP. Your strong progressive voice is missed.
@senatorsanders Congratulations to the hundreds of thousands of #progressives who took on Big Media demanding that #KeithOlbermann be reinstated. #msnbc


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Both. Actually, where these creepy faces are directing their gazes depends on how close they are to you. (Or, perhaps more accurately, how far away from you they appear to be.)
The optical illusion, called the "ghostly gaze," was created by University of Glasgow's Rob Jenkins, and it plays with the way we use what are known as "luminance cues" to determine eye direction.
According to Jenkins, past studies had suggested that we determine the direction of a person's gaze by simply identifying the darkest regions of their eyes, but the ghostly gaze illusion reveals the importance of other, more subtle physiological cues.
Details like the outline of the iris and the position of the pupils — only noticeable at close range — can override our perception of the larger, darker patches found at the inside corners of the women's eyes.
The ghostly gaze illusion is based on something known as the hybrid image technique, which was first developed by Aude Oliva and Philippe G. Schyns at MIT.
You've probably seen the hybrid image technique in action before, possibly in the form of this illusion, wherein Albert Einstein appears to turn into Marilyn Monroe as you increase your viewing distance.
The illusion works by overlaying two images rendered at different levels of spatial detail; the image rendered in fine spatial detail (Einstein) captures our attention at close viewing distances, while the image rendered in course spatial detail (Monroe) wins out at greater viewing distances.
Jenkins produced the ghostly gaze illusion via the same rendering process, only he used photos of the same person that differ only in the direction of that person's gaze.
Just for fun, here's another spooky ghostly gaze illusion from Jenkins. Again, the image was produced by combining two images that differ only in their eye-direction and level of spatial detail. You can read more about this particular image in the journal Perception (no subscription required).
You can check out more optical illusions that play with the way we process gaze direction over at Scientific American
Perception via Scientific American
Ghostly gaze image via Rob Jenkins/Perception
Albert Monroe image via Aude Oliva/MIT Computer Vision & Graphics Group


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The fact that Alabama State Rep. Patricia Todd (Downtown Birmingham REPRESENT!), who is openly gay, had to even introduce a bill to repeal the inclusion of anti-gay curriculum in the state's public schools is just. It's sad. It's very, very sad.
According to the Human Rights Campaign, Todd introduced a bill that would limit the state legislature's role in sex education, as well as repeal the inclusion of anti-gay curriculum.
Under the current curriculum set by the state, teachers are required to teach that "homosexuality is an unacceptable, criminal lifestyle." I'm sorry, criminal? How is it illegal? Are we referring to sodomy here? I guess if that's the case in Alabama, but I hope they're being very specific in the sex ed classes. I hope the teacher is going on and on about penis in anus so that our children's blossoming minds won't be filled with the possibility of perversion.
If Rep. Todd's proposed legislation passes, it'll put sex education programs in the hands of the state Department of Education, rather than the state government. Which: YES DUH. Unfortunately, the state Congresswoman introduced a similar bill last year and it didn't pass out of committee because most everyone in the Alabama state legislature is the bigoted devil.


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Project Planning
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School Accountability Committee Overview
Our School Accountability Committee is responsible for making recommendations to their principal concerning priorities for spending school funds, making recommendations concerning the preparation of the school's performance, improvement, priority improvement or turnaround plan (whichever is applicable), and meeting at least quarterly to discuss implementation of the school's plan and other progress pertinent to the school's accreditation contract with the local school board. The Educator Evaluation and Support Bill of 2010 (S.B. 10-191) also authorized School Accountability Committees to provide input and recommendations to District Accountability Committees and district administration concerning principal development plans and principal evaluations.