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The shortcut to a German's heart is made of hop, malt, yeast and water. Yep, we love our beer! It's delicious, nutritious and makes everyone around you look so much better. While Germany's industrial-made beer is still considered holy by most, Berlin's creative heads have started taking things into their own hands. Literally. Self-brewed craft beer is taking the city by storm. New breweries, bars and pubs open up by the day. If you're a man (or woman) of culture, do not hesitate to try these amazing treats of German taste-engineering. Berlin is a big city – so where to start? Here's a list of must-visits for your next sophisticated pub crawl. Prost!
Before you ask – it's pronounced BARE-LOW. Yep, we did ask. Located in a spacious container structure in Gleisdreieckpark, BRLO is a slightly hipsterish brewhouse and aspiring beer brand alike. With their laid-back park view and delicious brews, the trendy hotspot is the perfect location for cozy summer beers. Since beer gardens and cold temperatures don't go together very well, they also boast a cozy indoor area with a fabulous food concept: shared vegetarian dishes with meat as sides.
Stone Brewing
Hold on tight and try not to drool – at Stone Brewing you choose between 65 beers off the tap! Their selection is big, the location is bigger. 2400sqm, up to 1200 guests and a 100-hectolitre brewing machine. Think big. Can you guess where CEO and co-founder Greg Koch might be from? Of course. USA! It seems he knows a thing or two about gastronomy – for the food concept, he hired Robert Hilges, who has worked for Ritz-Carlton and Adlon. Now he's turning Stone Brewing into a delicious "world bistro" in the heart of Mariendorf.
Ever heard of shuffleboard? It's an American board game where players use a cue to push discs down a narrow court, which comes to rest in a score area with different points. Now imagine a top-notch craft beer pub around that board and voila – you have a recipe for fun evenings with your friends. Kaschk is Germany's first bar to offer shuffleboard, along with a prime selection of Norwegian craft beer and fresh coffee from a filter holder.
Brewdog Mitte
Brewdog is a Scottish brewhouse chain. While we didn't spot anyone wearing kilts (awww), they offer a selection of 30 draft lines of beer from German and global breweries. Brewdog Berlin's boss Dean Pugh successfully ran the dependencies in London and Manchester, where they attract a young-professional crowd aged 25-40. Much like in Berlin. The main difference: Londoners start drinking at 6pm, Berliners at 11pm. Why? You don't go to Berghain before 4 in the morning, and drinking beer for 10 hours is a challenge even for us.
The Castle Berlin
The Castle isn't your usual hipster craft beer address. They reserve 6 taps for pubs' classics: Kilkenny, Guiness, Cider and Pils. That's because owners Ben Fisher and Gekko (yeah, Gekko) were born in Berlin – they know what people like. They also know you have to go with the flow – in this case, that means letting home-brewed craft beer flow into thirsty customers' glasses. In their Mitte pub, they fit up to 200 people on a sunny terrace. Don't worry if you stay too long – their morning coffee is just as good as the beer.
16 taps, 300 seats, indoor and outdoor area, located right on Alexanderplatz. What could go wrong? At Braufactu, everything is set for success. They boast expert German brewmasters working with international partner breweries. You can taste their love for brewing – but you can also learn from it: there are beer tastings, workshops and an inhouse Braufactu store to quench your thirst for knowledge (and beer).
Keen for a beer or two? You can learn even more abut Berlin's craft beer bars here. If you really want to get under the skin of Berlin's craft beer scene, don't hesitate to sign up for our private Craft Beer Tours. We'll show you the trendiest bars and bottles the city's beer geeks are obsessed with.
Price: from 450 euro / 3 hour tour
Inclusions: Visits to 3 beer bars, private brewery tour, beer tasting, city tour (between stops), public transportation, private guide and lots of insider tips about Berlin's craft beer scene.
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EDITOR'S NOTE: This essay has been adapted from chapters 1 and 2 of Susan Southard's new book, Nagasaki: Life After Nuclear War, with the kind permission of Viking.
Korean and Chinese workers, prisoners of war, and mobilized adults and students had returned to their work sites; some dug or repaired shelters, others piled sandbags against the windows of City Hall for protection against machine-gun fire. In the Mitsubishi sports field, bamboo spear drills in preparation for an invasion had just concluded. Classes had resumed at Nagasaki Medical College. Streetcars meandered through the city.
Hundreds of people injured in the air raids just over a week earlier continued to be treated in Nagasaki's hospitals, and at the tuberculosis hospital in the northern Urakami Valley, staff members served a late breakfast to their patients. One doctor, trained in German, thought to himself, Im Westen nichts neues (All quiet on the western front). In the concrete-lined shelter near Suwa Shrine that served as the Nagasaki Prefecture Air Defense Headquarters, Governor Nagano had just begun his meeting with Nagasaki police leaders about an evacuation plan. The sun was hot, and the high-pitched, rhythmic song of cicadas vibrated throughout the city.
Six miles above, the two B-29s approached Nagasaki. Major Sweeney and his crew could hardly believe what they saw: Nagasaki, too, was invisible beneath high clouds. This presented a serious problem. Sweeney's orders were to drop the bomb only after visual sighting of the aiming point — the center of the old city, east of Nagasaki Harbor. Now, however, a visual sighting would likely require numerous passes over the city, which was no longer possible due to fuel loss: Not only had a fuel transfer pump failed before takeoff, rendering six hundred gallons of fuel inaccessible, but more fuel than expected had been consumed waiting at the rendezvous point and while circling over Kokura.
Bockscar now had only enough fuel to pass over Nagasaki once and still make it back for an emergency landing at the American air base on Okinawa. Further, Sweeney and his weaponeer, Navy commander Fred Ashworth, knew that not using the bomb on Japan might require dumping it into the sea to prevent a nuclear explosion upon landing. Against orders, they made the split-second decision to drop the bomb by radar.
Air raid alarms did not sound in the city — presumably because Nagasaki's air raid defense personnel did not observe the planes in time or did not recognize the immediate threat of only two planes flying at such a high altitude. When antiaircraft soldiers on Mount Kompira finally spotted the planes, they jumped into trenches to aim their weapons but didn't have time to fire; even if they had, their guns could not have reached the U.S. planes.
Several minutes earlier, some citizens had heard a brief radio announcement that two B-29s had been seen flying west over Shimabara Peninsula. When they heard the planes approaching, or saw them glistening high in the sky, they called out to warn others and threw themselves into air raid shelters, onto the ground, or beneath beds and desks inside houses, schools, and workplaces. A doctor just about to perform a pneumothorax procedure heard the distant sound of planes, pulled the needle out of his patient, and dived for cover. Most of Nagasaki's residents, however, had no warning.
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By this time, the crews on both planes were wearing protective welders' glasses so dark that they could barely see their own hands. Captain Kermit Beahan, Bockscar's bombardier, activated the tone signal that opened the bomb bay doors and indicated 30 seconds until release. Five seconds later, he noticed a hole in the clouds and made a visual identification of Nagasaki.
"I've got it! I've got it!" he yelled. He released the bomb. The instrument plane simultaneously discharged three parachutes, each attached to metal canisters containing cylindrical radiosondes to measure blast pressure and relay data back to the aircraft. Ten thousand pounds lighter, Bockscar lurched upward, the bomb bay doors closed, and Sweeney turned the plane an intense 155 degrees to the left to get away from the impending blast.
"Hey, Look! Something's Falling!"
On the ground below, 18-year-old Wada had just arrived at Hotarujaya Terminal at the far eastern corner of the old city.
Nagano was at work in the temporary Mitsubishi factory in Katafuchimachi, on the other side of the mountains from her family's home.
Taniguchi was delivering mail, riding his bicycle through the hills of a residential area in the northwestern corner of the city.
Sixteen-year-old Do-oh was back at her workstation inside the Mitsubishi weapons factory, inspecting torpedoes and eagerly awaiting her lunch break.
On the side of a road on the western side of the Urakami River, Yoshida was lowering a bucket into the well when he looked up and, like others across the city, noticed parachutes high in the sky, descending through a crack in the clouds.
"Rakka–san, they were called back then," he remembered. Descending umbrellas. "I just thought that they were regular parachutes — that maybe soldiers were coming down."
"Hey, look! Something's falling!" he called out to his friends. They all looked up, putting their hands to their foreheads to block the sun so they could see.
"The parachutes floated down, saaatto," he said. Quietly, with no sound.
A Deafening Roar
The five-ton plutonium bomb plunged toward the city at 614 miles per hour. Forty-seven seconds later, a powerful implosion forced its plutonium core to compress from the size of a grapefruit to the size of a tennis ball, generating a nearly instantaneous chain reaction of nuclear fission. With colossal force and energy, the bomb detonated a third of a mile above the Urakami Valley and its 30,000 residents and workers, a mile and a half north of the intended target. At 11:02 a.m., a superbrilliant flash lit up the sky — visible from as far away as Omura Naval Hospital more than 10 miles over the mountains — followed by a thunderous explosion equal to the power of 21,000 tons of TNT. The entire city convulsed.
At its burst point, the center of the explosion reached temperatures higher than at the center of the sun, and the velocity of its shock wave exceeded the speed of sound. A tenth of a millisecond later, all of the materials that had made up the bomb converted into an ionized gas, and electromagnetic waves were released into the air. The thermal heat of the bomb ignited a fireball with an internal temperature of over 540,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Within one second, the blazing fireball expanded from 52 feet to its maximum size of 750 feet in diameter. Within three seconds, the ground below reached an estimated 5,400 to 7,200 degrees Fahrenheit. Directly beneath the bomb, infrared heat rays instantly carbonized human and animal flesh and vaporized internal organs.
As the atomic cloud billowed two miles overhead and eclipsed the sun, the bomb's vertical blast pressure crushed much of the Urakami Valley. Horizontal blast winds tore through the region at two and a half times the speed of a category five hurricane, pulverizing buildings, trees, plants, animals, and thousands of men, women, and children. In every direction, people were blown out of their shelters, houses, factories, schools, and hospital beds; catapulted against walls; or flattened beneath collapsed buildings.
Those working in the fields, riding streetcars, and standing in line at city ration stations were blown off their feet or hit by plummeting debris and pressed to the scalding earth. An iron bridge moved 28 inches downstream. As their buildings began to implode, patients and staff jumped out of the windows of Nagasaki Medical College Hospital, and mobilized high school girls leaped from the third story of Shiroyama Elementary School, a half mile from the blast.
The blazing heat melted iron and other metals, scorched bricks and concrete buildings, ignited clothing, disintegrated vegetation, and caused severe and fatal flash burns on people's exposed faces and bodies. A mile from the detonation, the blast force caused nine-inch brick walls to crack, and glass fragments bulleted into people's arms, legs, backs, and faces, often puncturing their muscles and organs. Two miles away, thousands of people suffering flesh burns from the extreme heat lay trapped beneath partially demolished buildings.
At distances up to five miles, wood and glass splinters pierced through people's clothing and ripped into their flesh. Windows shattered as far as eleven miles away. Larger doses of radiation than any human had ever received penetrated deeply into the bodies of people and animals. The ascending fireball suctioned massive amounts of thick dust and debris into its churning stem. A deafening roar erupted as buildings throughout the city shuddered and crashed to the ground.
"The Light Was Indescribable"
"It all happened in an instant," Yoshida remembered. He had barely seen the blinding light half a mile away before a powerful force hit him on his right side and hurled him into the air. "The heat was so intense that I curled up like surume [dried grilled squid]." In what felt like dreamlike slow motion, Yoshida was blown backward 130 feet across a field, a road, and an irrigation channel, then plunged to the ground, landing on his back in a rice paddy flooded with shallow water.
Inside the Mitsubishi Ohashi weapons factory, Do-oh had been wiping perspiration from her face and concentrating on her work when PAAAAAHT TO! — an enormous blue-white flash of light burst into the building, followed by an earsplitting explosion. Thinking a torpedo had detonated inside the Mitsubishi plant, Do-oh threw herself onto the ground and covered her head with her arms just as the factory came crashing down on top of her.
In his short-sleeved shirt, trousers, gaiters, and cap, Taniguchi had been riding his bicycle through the hills in the northwest corner of the valley when a sudden burning wind rushed toward him from behind, propelling him into the air and slamming him facedown on the road. "The earth was shaking so hard that I hung on as hard as I could so I wouldn't get blown away again."
Nagano was standing inside the school gymnasium-turned-airplane-parts factory, protected to some degree by distance and the wooded mountains that stood between her and the bomb. "A light flashed — pi-KAAAAH!" she remembered. Nagano, too, thought a bomb had hit her building. She fell to the ground, covering her ears and eyes with her thumbs and fingers according to her training as windows crashed in all around her. She could hear pieces of tin and broken roof tiles swirling and colliding in the air outside.
Two miles southeast of the blast, Wada was sitting in the lounge of Hotarujaya Terminal with other drivers, discussing the earlier derailment. He saw the train cables flash. "The whole city of Nagasaki was — the light was indescribable — an unbelievably massive light lit up the whole city." A violent explosion rocked the station. Wada and his friends dived for cover under tables and other furniture. In the next instant, he felt like he was floating in the air before being slapped down on the floor. Something heavy landed on his back, and he fell unconscious.
Beneath the still-rising mushroom cloud, a huge portion of Nagasaki had vanished. Tens of thousands throughout the city were dead or injured. On the floor of Hotarujaya Terminal, Wada lay beneath a fallen beam. Nagano was curled up on the floor of the airplane parts factory, her mouth filled with glass slivers and choking dust. Do-oh lay injured in the wreckage of the collapsed Mitsubishi factory, engulfed in smoke. Yoshida was lying in a muddy rice paddy, barely conscious, his body and face brutally scorched. Taniguchi clung to the searing pavement near his mangled bicycle, not yet realizing that his back was burned off. He lifted his eyes just long enough to see a young child "swept away like a fleck of dust."
Sixty seconds had passed.
"A Huge, Boiling Caldron"
The enormous, undulating cloud ascended seven miles above the city. From the sky, Bockscar's copilot Lieutenant Frederick Olivi described it as "a huge, boiling caldron." William L. Laurence, the official journalist for the Manhattan Project who had witnessed the bombing from the instrument plane, likened the burgeoning cloud to "a living thing, a new species of being, born right before our incredulous eyes." Captain Beahan remembered it "bubbling and flashing orange, red and green… like a picture of hell."
Outside the city, many people who saw the flash of light and heard the deafening explosion rushed out of their homes and stared in wonder at the nuclear cloud heaving upward over Nagasaki. A worker on an island in Omura Bay, several miles north of the blast, described it as "lurid-colored… curling like long tongues of fire in the sky." In Isahaya, five miles east of the city, a grandmother feared that "the sun would come falling down," and a young boy grabbed at ash and paper falling from the sky, only to realize that they were scraps of ration books belonging to residents in the Urakami Valley.
From the top of Mount Tohakkei four miles southeast of Nagasaki, a man loading wood into his truck was "stunned speechless by the beauty of the spectacle" of the giant rising cloud exploding over and over again as it transformed from white to yellow to red. In neighborhoods at the edge of the city, people peered out of windows and stepped outside to see the atomic cloud rising above them, only to bolt back inside or to nearby shelters in anticipation of a second attack.
Inside the city, the bomb's deadly gale quieted, leaving Nagasaki enveloped in a dark, dust-filled haze. Nearest the hypocenter (the point on the ground above which the bomb exploded), almost everyone was incinerated, and those still alive were burned so badly they could not move. In areas beyond the hypocenter, surviving men, women, and children began extricating themselves from the wreckage and tentatively stood, in utter terror, for their first sight of the missing city. Twenty minutes after the explosion, particles of carbon ash and radioactive residue descended from the atmosphere and condensed into an oily black rain that fell over Nishiyama-machi, a neighborhood about two miles east over the mountains.
Nagano pulled herself up from the floor of the airplane parts factory and stood, quivering, rubbing debris from her eyes and spitting dust and glass fragments from her throat and mouth. Around her, adult and student workers lay cowering on the ground or rose to their feet, stunned and bewildered. Opening her eyes just a bit, Nagano sensed it was too dangerous to stay where she was. She ran outside and squeezed herself into a crowded mountain air raid shelter, where she crouched down and waited for another bomb to drop.
"The whole Urakami district has been destroyed!" one of the male workers called out to her. "Your house may have burned as well!" Nagano fled from the bomb shelter and ran toward the Urakami Valley. Outside, the neighborhood around the factory was almost pitch-dark and hauntingly still. Large trees had snapped in half, tombstones had fallen in a cemetery nearby, and streets were filled with broken roof tiles and glass. Small birds lay on the ground, twitching. Compared to what she had imagined, however, the damages around her seemed minimal, and Nagano — who could not see the Urakami Valley — half believed that her family might be safe after all.
She hurried through the streets to the southern end of Nishiyamamachi toward Nagasaki Station, over a mile to the east, pressing past partially collapsed wooden houses and people fleeing the blast area. As the road curved west, Nagano rushed by the 277-step stone staircase leading up to the seventeenth-century Suwa Shrine, still intact, and Katsuyama Elementary School, just next to City Hall. Forty-five minutes later, Nagano finally passed the mountains that had stood between her and the expanse of atomic destruction.
In front of her, the main building of Nagasaki Station had collapsed. But it was the view to her right that shocked her into finally realizing that the rumors she had heard about the Urakami Valley were true. Where the northern half of Nagasaki had existed only an hour before, a low heavy cloud of smoke and dust hovered over a vast plain of rubble. Nothing remained of the dozens of neighborhoods except tangled electrical wires and an occasional lone chimney. The huge factories that had lined the river near Nagasaki Station were crumpled into masses of steel frames and wooden beams, and the streetcar rails were, in one survivor's words, "curled up like strands of taffy."
No trace of roads existed beneath miles of smoking wreckage. Blackened corpses covered the ground. Survivors were stumbling through the ruins moaning in pain, their skin hanging down like tattered cloth. Others raced away, shrieking, "Run! Escape!" A barefoot mother in shredded clothes ran through the wreckage screaming for her child. Most people, however, were silent. Many simply dropped dead where they stood.
Nagano's house was just over a half mile to the north and west, a 10-minute walk on any other day. She faced in that direction to scan the area, but there was nothing — no buildings, no trees, and no sign of life where she had last seen her mother and younger brother and sister. Her eyes searched frantically for a way home, but the flames spreading through the ruins prevented access from all directions. Paralyzed and confused, Nagano stood in front of Nagasaki Station, alone, with no idea what to do next.
From Nagasaki: Life After Nuclear War by Susan Southard. Reprinted by arrangement with Viking, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC. Copyright © 2015 by Susan Southard

subset: commoncrawl


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In 1994, the year after he released his lyrical yakuza movie Sonatine, the Japanese movie star and director Takeshi Kitano got into a bad motor-scooter accident. He came away with half of his face paralyzed. You almost couldn't tell.
Nobody in movies has a presence like Kitano. Directing himself, he'll let the camera linger on his own expressionless face for what feels like minutes at a time. He doesn't speak much. He radiates a sense of stillness and calm while still conveying the impression that he is a bad motherfucker, the wrong man to fuck with. In Japan, he's mostly famous as a fast-talking comedian who makes these weird gangster movies on the side. This seems impossible, but Christopher Walken made a great Saturday Night Live host, so who even knows.
Kitano has directed a lot of movies, and the best of them is probably 1997's Fireworks, in which he plays a disgraced police detective who owes money to the mob. There's an early scene where a pair of sneering young yakuza are threatening him in a sushi restaurant; he sits passively and takes it all in, until, calmly but quickly, he picks up a chopstick and stabs one of them in the eye, leaving it running down the side of his face. Then he punches the other one out, and silently walks out of the restaurant while the two gangsters are still processing what just happened. That's the way violence tends to work in his movies: sudden and stark and stunning, interrupting long, quiet lulls, with implications that aren't immediately apparent.
Fireworks, sadly, is not on Netflix Instant. Neither is 2000's Brother—the one movie Kitano directed in America, in which he awkwardly but charmingly bonds with Omar Epps—or the previous year's Kikujiro, which is basically Adam Sandler's Big Brother if it was infinitely better and Sandler played a yakuza. The 2010 thriller Outrage and its 2012 sequel Beyond Outrage are both on there, and I recommend both highly: They're both yakuza revenge epics with long, long sequences that play out like the baptism montage in The Godfather, scenes where just about everyone dies. But the best streaming introduction to the guy is Sonatine, the second movie he directed.
Here, Kitano plays a yakuza whose boss sends him to the island of Okinawa to settle a dispute between regional gangs. Our hero doesn't want to be there: His crew seems woefully underprepared, the local gangsters look like hicks, and the local mob boss doesn't seem to much want him there, either, but that's the job. As he and his crew show up, one local contact offers all of them ice cream, so we get a scene of hardened warriors on a commuter bus stoically sucking on popsicles.
The gang war escalates and spirals out of control, and Kitano and his crew spend much of the movie hiding out in a shack on the beach, with no electricity or running water, killing time until the next truce or escalation. This is where the movie, already an incredibly stylized version of a crime flick, turns straight-up twee and moves into Wes Anderson territory. At the beach, the locals and out-of-towners in Kitano's crew find ways to bond with each other: playing pranks, tossing frisbees, building sumo circles in the sand. The movie never lets you forget that these are hardened psychopaths, so they also shoot beer cans off each other's heads and play Russian roulette. Kitano gets close with a local woman after he murders the guy who tried to rape her. (That guy might've also been her husband, but the movie's not clear.) She doesn't like him because of gratitude; she likes him because she likes "tough guys." He does his best to convince her that he is not, in fact, a tough guy: "I shoot fast because I get scared first."
When the idyll ends, which we know it will, Kitano keeps using those same peculiar sunny rhythms. Major characters, characters we've come to like, die quickly and easily, without swelling musical cues to usher them into the next world. And when he's gunning down or torturing enemies, Kitano displays the same bemused, childlike playfulness as when he's shooting off Roman candles on the beach. It's a weird, graceful, violent little masterpiece, a bloody but peaceful trance of a movie.
It feels weird to write about Sonatine as an action movie, since that's a pretty reductive descriptor. Certainly, it couldn't be more different from the bloody, operatic shoot-'em-ups that Hong Kong directors like John Woo were making around the same time. There are gunfights, but sometimes they happen off-camera, and they never seem heroic or cool. Nobody dives for cover or flips over a table. Instead, everyone stands stock still, expressionlessly shooting at each other until everyone on one side is dead. They happen quickly and noisily, and then they're over, and we usually don't think about the dead guys anymore. But the structure is the same: Kitano is an unstoppable badass, and we want to see him kill his enemies. When it happens, it's cathartically satisfying, albeit not for long. When it's over, the scenes that linger aren't the gunfights: It's the frisbee scenes, the scenes where we see friendships forming, where Kitano's usually motionless face curls into something like a smile.
Netflix Instant doesn't have to feel like a depleted Blockbuster in 1990, where you spend half an hour browsing hopeless straight-to-video thrillers before saying "fuck it" and loading up another Archer. Streaming services can be an absolute treasure trove, particularly if you like action movies, and especially if you like foreign action movies. Every week in this space, we'll highlight a new one.
Previous installments: Mission: Impossible—Ghost Protocol | Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior | Charley Varrick | Riki-Oh: The Story of Ricky | Dredd | 13 Assassins | Death Wish 3 | The Legend of Drunken Master


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Nice-Pak Products and PDI Complete Largest Rooftop Solar Array in Rockland County
Under Governor Cuomo's NY-Sun Initiative, Companies Continue Successful Sustainable Business Practice
21 Apr, 2014, 08:00 ET
ORANGEBURG, N.Y., April 21, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- Nice-Pak Products, Inc. (Nice-Pak) and its sister company, Professional Disposables International, Inc., (PDI) - the world's leading producers of pre-moistened wipes – celebrated Earth Week with a ceremony marking completion of the solar array that was installed on the roof of its headquarters and manufacturing plant.
This 855-kilowatt array, the largest of its kind in Rockland County and among the ten largest rooftop solar systems in New York, received funding through the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) under Governor Andrew M. Cuomo's NY-Sun Initiative.
Nice-Pak and PDI installed the array as part of their shared commitment to invest in and support sustainable business practices that help meet the companies' goals for energy use and emissions. The ballasted roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV) system is expected to generate approximately one million kilowatt-hours of energy per year and supply 15 percent of the building's total electricity load.
Approximately 21 percent of all solar installed in Rockland County is now being generated at Nice-Pak and PDI's shared facility. The use of this renewable power source will reduce the company's environmental footprint by up to 1.5 million pounds of carbon dioxide per year.
"We touch consumers of our products more than 100 billion times a year worldwide. With this extensive reach comes great responsibility," said Robert Julius, Chairman and CEO of Nice-Pak. "We are grateful for Governor Cuomo's NY-Sun Initiative, NYSERDA and other partners who are helping us meet the growing demand for wet wipe solutions through business practices that respect the environment."
"At PDI, we embrace the opportunity to improve outcomes for patients in healthcare and protect our surrounding communities at the same time," said Zachary Julius, CEO of PDI. "We believe in continually finding ways to work smarter, better and more efficiently to Be the Difference for those who rely on us."
"Governor Cuomo's NY Sun initiative is increasing the use of solar energy across the state by working with great partners like Nice-Pak and PDI to help them make investments in this terrific energy resource," said John B. Rhodes, President and CEO, NYSERDA. "NY-Sun is one of many energy initiatives that will scale up the state's clean energy economy while bringing affordable, reliable and resilient power to New Yorkers."
Nice-Pak and PDI will also receive an incentive for this project through the Federal Business Energy Investment Tax Credit (ITC).
In addition to the solar array, Nice-Pak and PDI sustainability initiatives include zero landfill factories, high efficiency lighting, products made with plant-based fibers, minimization of packaging material, warehouse consolidation and consumer education about what wipe products can and cannot be flushed. Though these types of initiatives, the companies have met and exceeded their goals for improving energy efficiency, use of renewable energy, avoiding waste, reduced water use, and innovating to create more sustainable product components and formulations.
The solar array was designed and installed by Lighthouse Solar of New Paltz, New York. Lighthouse Solar was recently recognized by NYSERDA with its 2012/2013 Excellence in Quality Award.
How Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Work
Photovoltaic (PV) cells mainly composed of silicon are stimulated by the sunlight to produce energy which is then converted into electricity. Several solar cells form a solar module, which is paired with other modules to form a string. Multiple strings of solar panels are called an array. This solar-generated electricity is in the form of direct current (DC) that must then be converted by an inverter into alternating current (AC) before it can be used in homes and businesses. PV can generate electricity for homes and businesses all day long with any excess energy not used by the premises being credited back to the grid through net metering. This allows customers to remain connected to the utility grid for needed supply on nights and very cloudy days, while making use of all the electricity that their solar system produces.
Legacy of Nice-Pak and PDI Innovation in New York
The rooftop solar array installation is the latest example of a long heritage of Nice-Pak and PDI innovation in New York. The companies are part of a fourth-generation family business that started more than fifty years ago in a small, New York City loft, and moved to Rockland County when the business expanded. Arthur Julius, who founded Nice-Pak, inspired Colonel Sanders to include his iconic Wet-Nap® Moist Towelettes in boxes of Kentucky Fried Chicken. Today, Nice-Pak and PDI have more than 900 employees in New York who invent, manufacture, market and distribute almost every type of wipe imaginable to promote family health and wellness.
About Nice-Pak
Nice-Pak, founded in 1957, is the global leader in the design, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of premium quality branded and private label pre-moistened wipes. Nice-Pak is a global company with over 2500 associates and six plants with approximately 3MM square feet of manufacturing and distribution space in strategically located facilities around the world. Headquartered in Orangeburg, NY, Nice-Pak has a track record of introducing innovative products that help to improve people's health and wellness through the consumer, healthcare and professional business channels. Brands for Nice-Pak include Nice 'n Clean®, Grime Boss®, Sani-Hands® and Wet-Nap®. Visit: nicepakwipes.com.
About PDI
PDI helps reduce preventable infections, control healthcare costs and, ultimately, save lives by
delivering a broad range of evidence-based, market leading environmental hygiene and patient
care solutions in the community and healthcare environments. PDI has three divisions, PDI Contract Manufacturing, Sani Professional® and PDI Healthcare. Visit pdipdi.com.
About NYSERDA
NYSERDA, a public benefit corporation, offers objective information and analysis, innovative programs, technical expertise, and funding to help New Yorkers increase energy efficiency, save money, use renewable energy, and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. NYSERDA professionals work to protect the environment and create clean-energy jobs. NYSERDA has been developing partnerships to advance innovative energy solutions in New York State since 1975. To learn more about NYSERDA's programs and funding opportunities, visit nyserda.ny.gov or follow us on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, or Instagram.
Linda Mayer, Nice-Pak/PDI 845-274-0592
[email protected]
Alan Wechsler, NYSERDA 518-937-2713
[email protected]
Photo - http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20140421/76654
SOURCE Nice-Pak; PDI


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Payment delays!
Cigna (NYL) denied my claim
Hold up on payments!!!
Paid Family Leave
They should all rot in hell
They will constantly come up with anything to delay paying you
Don't count on Cigna!!! You will be very disappointed!!!
They will do anything to avoid paying
Q: Why can Cigna get away with not paying me anything for my disability?
Q: Do I have to be an active employee to apply for LTD?
Q: Can Cigna refuse to give me a copy of my short term disability policy?
Q: Is my plan governed by ERISA?
Q: Can I add a physical disability claim to my mental health one without seeing a doctor (hard to get an appointment with COVID)?
Q: Do you handle CIGNA cases in Florida?
Q: How can Cigna get away with not answering my calls?
Q: Do you handle closed cases only, or open ones as well?
Is Cigna Seeking To Offset Disability Benefit by Social Security Survivor Benefit?
Is Cigna's Denial of Your Appeal Really a Denial?
What Should a Claimant Expect When Suing Cigna or any Other Disability Company for Long Term Disability Benefits?
Are Cigna Short Term Disability Denials on the Rise?
Cigna's latest strategies for handling and denying disability benefit claims
Is a Claimant's Complaints of Pain Enough to Qualify for Short or Long Term Disability Insurance Benefits?
Is My Insurance Company Allowed to Take An Offset of My Monthly LTD Benefit for Social Security Benefits My Kids Receive As A Result of My Disability?
Is My "No-Fault" Auto Insurance Settlement an Offset Under My Long Term Disability Insurance Policy?
Cigna Sued For Failing To Make A Timely Decision on Appeal
CIGNA Overturns a Waiver of Premium for Group Life Insurance Policy
Cigna Admits Error In Denying Disability Benefits
CIGNA Overturned Their Denial of LTD Benefits for Nevada Healthcare Coordinator
CIGNA Denies Technology Manager under the Own Occupation Provision & Dell Disability Lawyers Wins Appeal
CIGNA overturned previous denial of waiver of life insurance premiums
Dell Disability Lawyers successfully appeal denial of benefits to claimant with CRPS/RSD
LINA overturned its previous LTD denial for Medical Technologist
Cigna Denial of LTD Benefits for Schlumberger Shop Manager Upheld
Missouri Court Rules Cigna Wrongfully Terminated Disability Benefits
Missouri Court Orders Cigna to Pay LTD Benefits to Medical Sales Executive
Cigna's Termination of Disability Benefits was Arbitrary and Capricious
Court Criticizes Lina For Failing to Perform Independent Examination
Lockheed Martin Systems Integration Analyst Wins Long-term Disability Lawsuit against CIGNA
Colorado District Court overturns denial of benefits by Life Insurance Company of North America
Texas Judge Disagrees with Cigna and Applies Claimant Friendly Disability Standard of Review
Reviews from Our Clients
I have nothing but deep, sincere thanks for the way in which you have taken care and protected me and my LTD income since April 2014. I am forever grateful to you both and your staff. You took a frightened man who was being hoodwinked by the Hartford who was fearful of losing his income, to one who was confident. I had a Lion protecting me and indirectly my dear wife Deborah. I will always be humbled by how you all treated me with reverence and professionalism. Your company is the standard to what all others should emulate.
Attorney Alex Palamara and paralegal Danielle are both consummate professionals. Since the inception of my experience with them both they were very attentive thru the entire process and settled my case in a timely fashion.
Why would you recommend Dell Disability Lawyers?
I would unequivocally recommend attorneys Dell Disability Lawyers.
What could we do to improve?
They don't need improvement.
I have a rare genetic condition that my insurance company didn't want to acknowledge. Stephen and his aide Sonia worked tirelessly for over a year and successfully forced The Standard into covering my policy. They are both empathetic and effective, the best combination.
Dell Disability Lawyers is an excellent law firm for dealing with disability companies. I tried for 18 months to get disability for a medical condition. I found Dell Disability Lawyers and spoke with Mr. Jay Symonds about my case. He was very understanding and explained how he could help me in a simple and easy to understand manner. Within 6 months of him taking on my case he was able to resolve the case to my satisfaction.
I could concentrate on my health instead of worrying about money to pay my bills. Mr. Symonds staff were all very kind and helpful. I never had a problem with contacting them for help and they were quick to respond to issues. I would highly recommend Mr. Symonds and his firm to anyone who needs assistance with disability claims with insurance companies.
After exhausting all efforts to find a local disability law firm to assist me with submitting claims for LTD non-ERISA and ERISA disability insurance policies, I resorted to a Google search for disability law firms. I decided to contact Dell Disability Lawyers after reading their clients reviews and watching videos on their website. Within 24 hours of contacting Dell Disability Lawyers, I received I call back and an appointment was made with Steven J. Dell, who after hearing my story decided to personally work with me.
He told me that he would put 100% effort to get me on claim. Mr. Dell and his assistant, Merlin Bryan were always available via phone or email to answer any questions that I had regarding my application for long term disability. He was meticulous in guiding me through the process leaving no stone unturned. My claims were approved on the initial application! I know that it was due to the diligence of my attorney, Steven J. Dell. Without Mr. Dell, my application for long term disability would have been rejected. I am very grateful to have had the representation of attorney, Steven J. Dell.
Why would you recommend Dell Disability Lawyers?
Experts in non-ERISA and ERISA disability law. Dell & Schaefer Law Firm have a well-deserved reputation of taking on big disability insurance companies and winning for their clients. If you find yourself in need of a disability attorney, I highly recommend this firm. You will not be disappointed!
What could we do to improve?
Not a thing. I am a satisfied client.
Awesome, super quick email response to my initial request, followed up by a phone call from the attorney to discuss details of my claim, all in the same day, and all free of charge.
Why would you recommend Dell Disability Lawyers?
Very responsive and super helpful, in addition I am very impressed at the level of service I received free of charge with no pitch to retain them.
What could we do to improve?
Nothing, perfect service.
Appreciated the straight forward and direct answers to my questions. All paperwork and communication was handled in a timely manner.
Why would you recommend Dell Disability Lawyers?
Level of professionalism, excellent communication and world class client service.
What could we do to improve?
Nothing, very smooth process from A to Z !
This firm does exceptional work. I worked with them for my application for long term disability. My claim was approved on the initial application with one of the most notoriously difficult insurance carriers in the business. I'm 100% sure that this was due to my attorney Steven Dell. He was meticulous in shepparding me through the process making sure everything was done with precision and done correctly.
My anxiety thought this process was through the roof and Mr. Dell was always there to reassure me and peal me of the ceiling if needed. Mr. Dell and his assistant Merlin were always diligent and immediately responsive when I needed reassurance, help or something needed to be done. If you have a disability claim hire Mr. Dell and this firm. It will be the best money you ever spend.
Efficient, energetic, experienced, and prompt. Quickly and cleanly dealt with. Each call was on time, outcomes reviewed, and confirmed. Highly professional and polite. I strongly recommend his services!
Why would you recommend Dell Disability Lawyers?
A professional dealing with professionals. Every time I thought … "I wonder what our status is?" I received an update, he provided great communication with awesome engagement.
What could we do to improve?
Advertise more so more people knew about your firm.


text:
NIDA's mission is to lead the Nation in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction.
This charge has two critical components. The first is the strategic support and conduct of research across a broad range of disciplines. The second is ensuring the rapid and effective dissemination and use of the results of that research to significantly improve prevention and treatment and to inform policy as it relates to drug abuse and addiction.
NIDA's Publication Series
Basic Facts and Research Findings
- Research Reports
- DrugFacts
- NIDA Notes - Newsletter
- Topics in Brief - Drug topic summaries
- Addiction Science & Clinical Practice - Journal for researchers and health care providers
Educational Materials
- Mind Over Matter - Drug facts for grades 5-9
- Brain Power - NIDA junior scientist program
- Teaching Packets - Presentation slides
Featured Publication
Drugs, Brains, and Behavior - The Science of Addiction
As a result of scientific research, we know that addiction is a disease that affects both brain and behavior.
Contact Us
National Institute on Drug Abuse
6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 5213
Bethesda, MD 20892-9561
Questions for our staff? Email us or call 301-443-1124 (240-221-4007 en español).


text:
Heart-shattered lives
Based on Psalm 51. More info on this sweet girl coming soon.
Psalm 51
1-3 Generous in love—God, give grace!
Huge in mercy—wipe out my bad record.
Scrub away my guilt,
soak out my sins in your laundry.
I know how bad I've been;
my sins are staring me down.
4-6 You're the One I've violated, and you've seen
it all, seen the full extent of my evil.
You have all the facts before you;
whatever you decide about me is fair.
I've been out of step with you for a long time,
in the wrong since before I was born.
What you're after is truth from the inside out.
Enter me, then; conceive a new, true life.
7-15 Soak me in your laundry and I'll come out clean,
scrub me and I'll have a snow-white life.
Tune me in to foot-tapping songs,
set these once-broken bones to dancing.
Don't look too close for blemishes,
give me a clean bill of health.
God, make a fresh start in me,
shape a Genesis week from the chaos of my life.
Don't throw me out with the trash,
or fail to breathe holiness in me.
Bring me back from gray exile,
put a fresh wind in my sails!
Give me a job teaching rebels your ways
so the lost can find their way home.
Commute my death sentence, God, my salvation God,
and I'll sing anthems to your life-giving ways.
Unbutton my lips, dear God;
I'll let loose with your praise.
16-17 Going through the motions doesn't please you,
a flawless performance is nothing to you.
I learned God-worship
when my pride was shattered.
Heart-shattered lives ready for love
don't for a moment escape God's notice.
18-19 Make Zion the place you delight in,
repair Jerusalem's broken-down walls.
Then you'll get real worship from us,
acts of worship small and large,
Including all the bulls
they can heave onto your altar!
Leave a Reply.
A dollmaker in a little town with lots of flowers and birds.
August 2019


text:
Events archive
Ziya Önis (Koç University, Istanbul)
31 May 2013 - 6:00pm
Seminar Room, European Studies Centre, 70 Woodstock Road.
South Africa Discussion Group: 'Poor Spirits: Rethinking Religion and Political Economy in South Africa'
31 May 2013 - 5:15pm
Seminar Room, African Studies Centre
Speaker: Hylton White (Wits University)
Asian Studies Seminar
31 May 2013 - 11:00am
Nissan Lecture Theatre, St Antony's College
In the complex arena of Indian politics familiar democratic forms sometimes take on new meanings. The Bapsybanoo Marchioness of Winchester Lectures for 2013 will be focused on the transformation of... Read more
African Studies Seminar: 'Making Ubumwe: Power, State and the Forging of Unity in Post-Genocide Rwanda'
30 May 2013 - 5:00pm
Dahrendorf Room, St Antony's College
Speaker: Andrea Purdeková (Oxford)
Dahrendorf Programme
Timothy Garton Ash, Michael Ignatieff, Adam Roberts
28 May 2013 - 6:00pm
Nissan Lecture Theatre, St Antony's College
MEC Seminar
Dr Alexander Kazamias (University of Coventry)
28 May 2013 - 6:00pm
68 Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6JF, the Middle East Centre
A fascinating new reading of the history of the Greek, Italian, Jewish and other European communities in interwar and post-independence Egypt.
South Africa Discussion Group: 'The Rise of the Taxi Industry: De-industrialisation, New Forms of Migration and the End of Apartheid'
28 May 2013 - 5:00pm
Dahrendorf Room, St Antony's College
Speaker: Tim Gibbs (Cambridge)
South Asia Seminar
Understanding Contemporary Multiculturalism through Colonial Dialectics of Difference and Similarity
Dr Amire Ali (St. Antony's College)
28 May 2013 - 3:00pm
Fellows' Dining Room, Hilda Besse Building, St. Antony's College
Conservative globalism at a crossroads: Turkey's economic and democratisation challenges during the AKP era
Ziya Önis (Koç University, Istanbul)
28 May 2013 - 1:30pm
Seminar Room, European Studies Centre, 70 Woodstock Road.
African History & Politics Seminar: 'Africa's Illiberal State-Builders: Life beyond the Washington Consensus and Neo-Patrimonialism'
27 May 2013 - 5:00pm
Seminar Room 1, Oxford Department of International Development, 3 Mansfield Road
Speakers: Will Jones, Harry Verhoeven & Ricardo Soares de Oliveira (Oxford)
North American Studies Seminar Series
Pekka Hämäläinen (University of Oxford)
24 May 2013 - 6:00pm to 7:30pm
Pavilion Combined Room, Gateway Buildings, St Antony's College
Pekka Hämäläinen, Rhodes Professor of American History, specialises in early and nineteenth century American history and has particular interest in Native American, environmental, and borderlands... Read more
SEESOX Annual Lecture
Ivo Josipović (President of Croatia)
24 May 2013 - 4:00pm
Nissan Lecture Theatre, St Antony's College
23 May 2013 - 4:30pm
Dahrendorf Room, St Antony's College
Speaker: Hylton White (Witwatersrand) This talk will be followed by: 'Betrayal in South African history: The case of Glory Sedibe, ANC combatant-turned-security policeman.' Speaker: Jacob Dlamini (... Read more
South Africa Discussion Group: 'False Fathers and False Sons: Immigration Authorities in Cape Town and Identifying the Indian Son in the early Twentieth Century'
21 May 2013 - 5:00pm
Dahrendorf Room, St Antony's College
Speaker: Uma Mesthrie (University of the Western Cape)
Konstantinos Bikas (Greek Ambassador to Britain)
20 May 2013 - 6:00pm
Seminar Room, European Studies Centre, 70 Woodstock Road.


text: Back Myoglobin (Urine) Does this test have other names? Urine myoglobin What is this test? This test measures a protein called myoglobin in your urine. The test can help find out whether your muscle tissue has been injured. Myoglobin is found in your heart and skeletal muscles, where it captures oxygen that muscle cells use for energy. But when you have a heart attack or severe muscle damage, myoglobin is released into your blood. Once there, it can rise to dangerous levels in your body. Your kidneys filter your blood for myoglobin so that it can be removed from your body in your urine. But too much myoglobin can overwhelm the kidneys and lead to kidney failure. In some cases, this test can help your doctor detect the hazard and protect your kidney health. Why do I need this test? You may need this test if your doctor suspects that you have a severe muscle injury. Symptoms vary, depending on the cause of muscle damage, but may include: Fever Nausea and vomiting Abdominal pain You may also have this test if you have serious muscle pain and weakness and dark brown or reddish urine. These are possible signs of rhabdomyolysis, a potentially life-threatening muscle condition that can cause your kidneys to fail. Some cases are associated with the use of statins, a group of cholesterol-lowering drugs. If your myoglobin level rises too high, you may have to get intravenous fluids or other treatments to help flush the excess myoglobin out of your body. This test will help your doctor find out whether your injuries need treatment right away. What other tests might I have along with this test? Your doctor may also order other tests, including: Complete blood count, or CBC, including a differential and platelet count Blood urea nitrogen, or BUN; creatinine; and routine electrolytes, including potassium Calcium, phosphate, albumin, and uric acid What do my test results mean? Many things may affect your lab test results. These include the method each lab uses to do the test. Even if your test results are different from the normal value, you may not have a problem. To learn what the results mean for you, talk with your health care provider. Normal results show little or no myoglobin in your urine. If your results are higher, it may mean you have muscle injury. These are some possible causes of muscle injury: Coma or another situation in which you don't move Surgery Certain infections Poisons and certain medications Inherited conditions that cause muscle problems Unusually strenuous exercise How is this test done? This test requires a urine sample. Your doctor will tell you how to collect it. Does this test pose any risks? This test poses no known risks. What might affect my test results? Other factors aren't likely to affect your results. How do I get ready for this test? You don't need to prepare for this test. But be sure your doctor knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illicit drugs you may use.


text:
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text:
Not so,Originally Posted by GullyFoyle
Joe Sheehan also has the Reds 2nd.
http://www.baseballprospectus.com/ar...articleid=4931The Reds have the most upside of the other five teams, and they could be interesting if they somehow managed to stay under 850 runs allowed. I dont really see it happening; they have a below-average rotation and poor bullpen pitching in front of what might be the NLs worst defense in a very good hitters park. In a best-case scenario, their five starters stay healthy and provide league-average performance, while some combination of Ryan Wagner (who I really like this year), Matt Belisle and Todd Coffey emerge as a 1-2 combination in the bullpen.
Code:Cardinals 94 68 850 730 Reds 83 79 901 879 Cubs 83 79 764 753 Astros 80 82 681 687 Brewers 77 85 710 741 Pirates 67 95 669 788


text:
October 19, 2011
Nassau County Executive Edward P. Mangano, in coordination with the United Veterans Organization (UVO), announces that a Veterans Stand Down will be held at the 1st Marine Corps District Headquarters, located at 605 Stewart Avenue in Garden City on Monday, November 21, 2011. The Stand Down is hosted by the Nassau County Veterans Service Agency with assistance from volunteers representing all service organizations.
Veterans will receive assistance with securing entitled benefits, job counseling and legal advice at the Stand Down. Clothes and food donated from the community will be available to the veterans, as well as haircuts, medical screening and enrollment in the VA health care system. Veterans will also receive a hot Thanksgiving lunch. Representatives from Nassau County government agencies will be participating, including the Departments of Social Services, Health, and Human Services. Private agencies will also be on hand to assist veterans, including The Salvation Army, the New York State Department of Labor, The Department of Veterans Affairs, New York State Division of Veterans Affairs and The Red Cross.
Any veteran who wishes to participate in the Veterans Stand Down should bring with them a photo I.D. and a copy of their DD214, VA card, or any record they may have of their service.
For more information, please contact the Nassau County Veterans Service Agency at (516) 572-6560.


text:
What would happen if you tried to survive on just one type of food? The short answer: you would die. Of course, how you died (organ failure, muscle-wasting, rapidly spreading pustular wounds... some combination thereof) would depend entirely on which type of food you decided to ride out your last weeks/months/years of life consuming.
Unless that one food happens to be human breast milk. Lifes Little Mysteries' Natalie Wolchover gives us the details:
...There is one food that has it all: the one that keeps babies alive. "The only food that provides all the nutrients that humans need is human milk," [explains Jo Ann Hattner, a nutrition consultant at Stanford University School of Medicine and former national spokesperson for the American Dietetic Association]. "Mother's milk is a complete food. We may add some solid foods to an infant's diet in the first year of life to provide more iron and other nutrients, but there is a little bit of everything in human milk."
Technically, adults could survive on human milk, too, she said; the sticking point would be finding a woman who is willing to provide it (and enough of it). Lacking that option, the second-best choice would be mammalian milk, especially if it is fermented. "Yogurt, which is fermented milk, has a lot of bacteria that is good for the digestive tract," Hattner said.
So there you have it. The next time someone presents you with a forever-stranded-on-an-island scenario, and you're only allowed one food item for the rest of your life, you know the optimal food (beverage?) choice: an bottomless vat of breast milk.
Read more about this bizarrely awesome thought experiment (including gut-churning details on the effects of a single-food diet) over on Life's Little Mysteries.
Top image via Shutterstock


text:
|PostgreSQL 8.0.26 Documentation
|Fast Backward
|Chapter 14. Installation Instructions
|Fast Forward
The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the source tree for your system and choose the options you would like. This is done by running the configure script. For a default installation simply enter
This script will run a number of tests to guess values for various system dependent variables and detect some quirks of your operating system, and finally will create several files in the build tree to record what it found. (You can also run configure in a directory outside the source tree if you want to keep the build directory separate.)
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as well as all client applications and interfaces that require only a C compiler. All files will be installed under /usr/local/pgsql by default.
You can customize the build and installation process by supplying one or more of the following command line options to configure:
Install all files under the directory PREFIX instead of /usr/local/pgsql. The actual files will be installed into various subdirectories; no files will ever be installed directly into the PREFIX directory.
If you have special needs, you can also customize the individual subdirectories with the following options. However, if you leave these with their defaults, the installation will be relocatable, meaning you can move the directory after installation. (The man and doc locations are not affected by this.)
For relocatable installs, you might want to use configure's --disable-rpath option. Also, you will need to tell the operating system how to find the shared libraries.
You can install architecture-dependent files under a different prefix, EXEC-PREFIX, than what PREFIX was set to. This can be useful to share architecture-independent files between hosts. If you omit this, then EXEC-PREFIX is set equal to PREFIX and both architecture-dependent and independent files will be installed under the same tree, which is probably what you want.
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The default is EXEC-PREFIX/bin, which normally means /usr/local/pgsql/bin.
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the installed programs. The default is PREFIX/share. Note that this has nothing to do with where your database files will be placed.
The directory for various configuration files, PREFIX/etc by default.
The location to install libraries and dynamically loadable modules. The default is EXEC-PREFIX/lib.
The directory for installing C and C++ header files. The default is PREFIX/include.
The man pages that come with PostgreSQL will be installed under this directory, in their respective manx subdirectories. The default is PREFIX/man.
Documentation files, except "man" pages, will be installed into this directory. The default is PREFIX/doc. If the option --without-docdir is specified, the documentation will not be installed by make install. This is intended for packaging scripts that have special methods for installing documentation.
Note: Care has been taken to make it possible to install PostgreSQL into shared installation locations (such as /usr/local/include) without interfering with the namespace of the rest of the system. First, the string "/postgresql" is automatically appended to datadir, sysconfdir, and docdir, unless the fully expanded directory name already contains the string "postgres" or "pgsql". For example, if you choose /usr/local as prefix, the documentation will be installed in /usr/local/doc/postgresql, but if the prefix is /opt/postgres, then it will be in /opt/postgres/doc. The public C header files of the client interfaces are installed into includedir and are namespace-clean. The internal header files and the server header files are installed into private directories under includedir. See the documentation of each interface for information about how to get at the its header files. Finally, a private subdirectory will also be created, if appropriate, under libdir for dynamically loadable modules.
DIRECTORIES is a colon-separated list of directories that will be added to the list the compiler searches for header files. If you have optional packages (such as GNU Readline) installed in a non-standard location, you have to use this option and probably also the corresponding --with-libraries option.
Example: --with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include.
DIRECTORIES is a colon-separated list of directories to search for libraries. You will probably have to use this option (and the corresponding --with-includes option) if you have packages installed in non-standard locations.
Example: --with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib.
Enables Native Language Support (NLS), that is, the ability to display a program's messages in a language other than English. LANGUAGES is a space-separated list of codes of the languages that you want supported, for example --enable-nls='de fr'. (The intersection between your list and the set of actually provided translations will be computed automatically.) If you do not specify a list, then all available translations are installed.
To use this option, you will need an implementation of the Gettext API; see above.
Set NUMBER as the default port number for server and clients. The default is 5432. The port can always be changed later on, but if you specify it here then both server and clients will have the same default compiled in, which can be very convenient. Usually the only good reason to select a non-default value is if you intend to run multiple PostgreSQL servers on the same machine.
Build the PL/Perl server-side language.
Build the PL/Python server-side language.
Build the PL/Tcl server-side language.
Tcl installs the file tclConfig.sh, which contains configuration information needed to build modules interfacing to Tcl. This file is normally found automatically at a well-known location, but if you want to use a different version of Tcl you can specify the directory in which to look for it.
Build with support for Kerberos authentication. You can use either Kerberos version 4 or 5, but not both. On many systems, the Kerberos system is not installed in a location that is searched by default (e.g., /usr/include, /usr/lib), so you must use the options --with-includes and --with-libraries in addition to this option. configure will check for the required header files and libraries to make sure that your Kerberos installation is sufficient before proceeding.
The name of the Kerberos service principal. postgres is the default. There's probably no reason to change this.
Build with support for SSL (encrypted) connections. This requires the OpenSSL package to be installed. configure will check for the required header files and libraries to make sure that your OpenSSL installation is sufficient before proceeding.
Prevents use of the Readline library. This disables command-line editing and history in psql, so it is not recommended.
Build with Rendezvous support. This requires Rendezvous support in your operating system. Recommended on Mac OS X.
Allow the build to succeed even if PostgreSQL has no CPU spinlock support for the platform. The lack of spinlock support will result in poor performance; therefore, this option should only be used if the build aborts and informs you that the platform lacks spinlock support. If this option is required to build PostgreSQL on your platform, please report the problem to the PostgreSQL developers.
Make the client libraries thread-safe. This allows concurrent threads in libpq and ECPG programs to safely control their private connection handles. This option requires adequate threading support in your operating system.
Prevents use of the Zlib library. This disables support for compressed archives in pg_dump and pg_restore. This option is only intended for those rare systems where this library is not available.
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging symbols. This means that you can run the programs through a debugger to analyze problems. This enlarges the size of the installed executables considerably, and on non-GCC compilers it usually also disables compiler optimization, causing slowdowns. However, having the symbols available is extremely helpful for dealing with any problems that may arise. Currently, this option is recommended for production installations only if you use GCC. But you should always have it on if you are doing development work or running a beta version.
Enables assertion checks in the server, which test for many "can't happen" conditions. This is invaluable for code development purposes, but the tests slow things down a little. Also, having the tests turned on won't necessarily enhance the stability of your server! The assertion checks are not categorized for severity, and so what might be a relatively harmless bug will still lead to server restarts if it triggers an assertion failure. Currently, this option is not recommended for production use, but you should have it on for development work or when running a beta version.
Enables automatic dependency tracking. With this option, the makefiles are set up so that all affected object files will be rebuilt when any header file is changed. This is useful if you are doing development work, but is just wasted overhead if you intend only to compile once and install. At present, this option will work only if you use GCC.
If you prefer a C compiler different from the one configure picks, you can set the environment variable CC to the program of your choice. By default, configure will pick gcc if available, else the platform's default (usually cc). Similarly, you can override the default compiler flags if needed with the CFLAGS variable.
You can specify environment variables on the configure command line, for example:
./configure CC=/opt/bin/gcc CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe'
To start the build, type
(Remember to use GNU make.) The build may take anywhere from 5 minutes to half an hour depending on your hardware. The last line displayed should be
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
Regression Tests
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it, you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression tests are a test suite to verify that PostgreSQL runs on your machine in the way the developers expected it to. Type
gmake check
(This won't work as root; do it as an unprivileged user.) Chapter 26 contains detailed information about interpreting the test results. You can repeat this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
Installing The Files
Note: If you are upgrading an existing system and are going to install the new files over the old ones, be sure to back up your data and shut down the old server before proceeding, as explained in Section 14.4 above.
To install PostgreSQL enter
gmake install
This will install files into the directories that were specified in step 1. Make sure that you have appropriate permissions to write into that area. Normally you need to do this step as root. Alternatively, you could create the target directories in advance and arrange for appropriate permissions to be granted.
You can use gmake install-strip instead of gmake install to strip the executable files and libraries as they are installed. This will save some space. If you built with debugging support, stripping will effectively remove the debugging support, so it should only be done if debugging is no longer needed. install-strip tries to do a reasonable job saving space, but it does not have perfect knowledge of how to strip every unneeded byte from an executable file, so if you want to save all the disk space you possibly can, you will have to do manual work.
The standard installation provides all the header files needed for client application development as well as for server-side program development, such as custom functions or data types written in C. (Prior to PostgreSQL 8.0, a separate gmake install-all-headers command was needed for the latter, but this step has been folded into the standard install.)
Client-only installation: If you want to install only the client applications and interface libraries, then you can use these commands:
gmake -C src/bin install gmake -C src/include install gmake -C src/interfaces install gmake -C doc install
Registering eventlog on Windows: To register a Windows eventlog library with the operating system, issue this command after installation:
regsvr32 pgsql_library_directory/pgevent.dll
This creates registry entries used by the event viewer.
Uninstallation: To undo the installation use the command gmake uninstall. However, this will not remove any created directories.
Cleaning: After the installation you can make room by removing the built files from the source tree with the command gmake clean. This will preserve the files made by the configure program, so that you can rebuild everything with gmake later on. To reset the source tree to the state in which it was distributed, use gmake distclean. If you are going to build for several platforms within the same source tree you must do this and re-configure for each build. (Alternatively, use a separate build tree for each platform, so that the source tree remains unmodified.)
If you perform a build and then discover that your configure options were wrong, or if you change anything that configure investigates (for example, software upgrades), then it's a good idea to do gmake distclean before reconfiguring and rebuilding. Without this, your changes in configuration choices may not propagate everywhere they need to.


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Panettone Recipe
That's "panettone" with two t's. Profuse apologies to my few — and getting fewer — Italian readers. Panettone has near-sacred status among the Italian-Americans I know. These are people who know how to eat — but who are frequently disappointed by the panettone they find in most stores, both here and in Italy where (they say) mass-produced versions have largely replaced the artisanal kind. Even so, they fear making their own because of the time involved.
It's true that some panettone recipes have more assembly steps than an Imaginarium Pirate Island Playset (forgive me, Christmas is coming), but between the quick-rise, easy-bake iterations and the slow-rising, multi-day religious ritual versions there is a happy medium. Peter Reinhart strikes it in his masterful book, The Bread Baker's Apprentice. That recipe is classic Reinhart: starter-based but with a commercial yeast "spike" that delivers the best of both worlds: a voluminous light crumb and a deep, satisfying flavor. I did a little fiddling with the flavors (I found the Fiori di Sicilia in the original to be too much), but otherwise this recipe is quite close to the original.
For the Sponge
7 ounces (1 cup) active (i.e. revived and ready) bread starter
8 ounces (1 cup) warm milk
4.5 ounces (1 cup) unbleached all-purpose flour
For the Fruit Blend
6 ounces (1 cup) golden raisins
6 ounces (1 cup) candied fruit blend (or a mix of dried fruits if you prefer)
4 ounces (1/2 cup) brandy, rum or whiskey (optional, substitute 1 tbsp. bourbon extract of you can find it)
2 teaspoons orange or lemon extract
1 tablespoon vanilla extract
zest of 1 large orange, finely grated
For the Dough
13.5 ounces (3 cups) unbleached all-purpose flour
1.5 ounces (3 tablespoons) granulated sugar
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
1 tablespoon instant yeast
1 large egg, room temperature
1 egg yolk
1-2 ounces (2 to 4 tablespoons) warm water
4 ounces (1/2 cup) soft butter
5 ounces (1 cup) blanched, slivered almonds
The day before baking, make the sponge. Stir the ingredients together just until the flour is wet. Cover and ferment at room temperature for 4 hours before putting it in the refrigerator for an overnight sit. Meanwhile mix the fruit blend ingredients together in a bowl. Cover the bowl and let the mixture sit out on the counter overnight.
The next day take the sponge out of the fridge and let it sit for an hour before beginning the dough. Put the dry dough ingredients in the bowl of an electric mixer with the paddle (beater) attached. Stir the ingredients together, then add the sponge, egg and egg yolk, plus as much of the water as you need to make a dough. Stop the machine and let the dough rest for 20 minutes. Switch to the dough hook. Turn the mixer back on low and add the butter. When it's incorporated add the fruit blend. Keep stirring until the fruit is evenly distributed, then knead an additional 2-4 minutes, steadily adding in the almonds. Knead until you have a soft dough that's still slightly sticky. Transfer the dough to a lightly oiled bowl, cover it with plastic wrap and let it rise about 2 hours.
For two large 2-pound loaves, divide the dough in half and shape it into two large balls. Place them into panettone baking papers or six-inch-round pans. Press the dough down lightly. It should be about half way up the forms. Now then, you can make much smaller panettones if you wish. You can make shallower versions in parchment-lined cake layer pans (still excellent), even mini ones in muffin tins. Either way, proof them for 2 more hours. Meanwhile preheat your oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit and set a rack in the lower third of your oven.
Bake 2-pound loaves for 1 1/2 hours. Minis for 25-25 minutes and medium-sized versions for somewhere in between. If the tops are getting too brown, cover them with aluminum foil. Transfer the breads to a cooling rack (if they're in papers leave those on, otherwise de-pan them first). They'll keep at room temperature for up to two weeks. That can also be frozen for up to 3 months.


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Vanuatu, Erromango, Dillon's Bay (William's Bay), Children
Vanuatu, Erromango, Dillon's Bay (William's Bay), Girl with Whistle
Vanuatu, Tanna, Football
Football starts in the village. Playing football with an improvised ball made from part of a palm tree
Vanuatu, Tanna, Enefa, Girl Eating Nut
Vanuatu, Paama, Children enjoying evening swim
Vanuatu, Tanna, Athenes, Boy in Banyan Tree
Vanuatu, Aniwa, Young Man with Cigarette, Modern and Traditional
Behind the scenes at a reenactment of John G Paton's landing on Aniwa
Vanuatu, Tanna, North Tanna, Kastom Dance
Before walking on fire. This man is about to 'walk on fire,' which in this case means having someone chew up, and then spit, leaves onto his feet before he stands on a very hot rock.
Vanuatu, Tanna, Lenakel, Cyclone Pam 28
Tannese man gazing out at HMAS Tobruk from Lenakel Harbour
John Frum, 2017
In 2017 The John Frum Cargo Cult changed in its focus somewhat, becoming less about future material expectations and more about a return to traditional governance, as different to, but possibly working with, the democratic government. In this sense, it is returning to its anti-colonial roots, but with new allies.
Vanuatu, Tanna, John Frum 2016 5
A John Frum movement leader 2016. Dressed in USA military uniform to pay homage to the assistance that movement leaders perceive that they were given by American soldiers during WW2.
Vanuatu, Tanna, Middle Bush, Man Smoking
Vanuatu, Tanna, Middle Bush, Lounahuru, Knuckles
Vanuatu, Tanna, Iuwan, Woman and mosquito net in a cave
Vanuatu, Tanna, Lolumpaeu, Elderly Lady
This portrait of Elo Kouteng was taken within two years of her death. She was the wife of the first missionary to North-West Tanna and outlived him and one other husband. Her son is a deacon, her grandson is a pastor, and she is a great-grandmother to many. She lived her last days peacefully, looked after by her family. Her family believed that she was 120 years old when she died, and would like people to remember that she depended on God, her prayer life was strong, she knew many hymns by heart, read the Bible every day in the old language translation, that she called people back to the church and spread the gospel.
Vanuatu, Tanna, Lolumpaeu, Newborn Baby
Vanuatu, Tanna, Enefa, Girl on Beach
Vanuatu, Tanna, Enefa, Girl and Kitchen
A young girl in her family kitchen, Enefa, North-West Tanna, Vanuatu, 2015
Vanuatu, Tanna, Middle Bush, Lounahuru, Baby Crying
Vanuatu, Tanna, Middle Bush, One Week Old
This baby was named Holyfield – after the boxer
Vanuatu, Tanna, Ailil, Baptism
Vanuatu, Tanna, Yamenkarau, Girl
Vanuatu, Tanna, Port Resolution, Kids in Coconuts


text: Alabama A group of Alabama friends went deer hunting and paired off in twos for the day. That night, one of the hunters returned alone, staggering under the weight of an eight-point buck. "Where's Henry?" the others asked. "Henry had a stroke o' some kind. He's a couple of miles back up the trail," the successful hunter replied. "You left Henry layin' out there and carried the deer back?" they inquired. "A tough call," nodded the hunter. "But I figured no one's gonna steal Henry!" Georgia The owner of a golf course in Georgia was confused about paying an invoice, so he decided to ask his secretary for some mathematical help. He called her into his office and said, "Y'all graduated from the University of Georgia and I need some help. If I wuz to give yew $20,000, minus 14%, how much would you take off?" The secretary thought a moment, and then replied, "Everthang but my earrings." Louisiana A senior citizen in Louisiana was overheard saying... "When the end of the world comes, I hope to be in Louisiana..." When asked why, he replied, "I'd rather be in Louisiana 'cause everythang happens in Louisiana 20 years later than in the rest of the world." Mississippi The young man from Mississippi came running into the store and said to his buddy, "Bubba, somebody just stole your pickup truck from the parking lot!" Bubba replied, "Did y'all see who it was?" The young man answered, "I couldn't tell, but I got the license number." North Carolina A man in North Carolina had a flat tire, pulled off on the side of the road, and proceeded to put a bouquet of flowers in front of the car and one behind it. Then he got back in the car to wait. A passerby studied the scene as he drove by, and was so curious he turned around and went back. He asked the fellow what the problem was. The man replied, "I got a flat tahr." The passerby asked, "But what's with the flowers?" The man responded, "When you break down they tell you to put flares in the front and flares in the back. I never did understand it neither." Tennessee A Tennessee State trooper pulled over a pickup on I-65. The trooper asked, "Got any ID?" The driver replied, "Bout whut?" Texas The Sheriff pulled up next to the guy unloading garbage out of his pick-up into the ditch. The Sheriff asked, "Why are you dumping garbage in the ditch? Don't you see that sign right over your head." "Yep," he replied. "That's why I'm dumpin' it here, 'cause it says: 'Fine For Dumping Garbage.' " *** Y'all kin say whut y'all want 'about the South, but y'all never heard o' nobody retirin' an' movin' North.


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The benefits of Lavender oil are well known and used. We love it for it's relaxing effect adding a few drops to our pillows before bed and even for its antiseptic and insect repellant properties. A useful all rounder to have in the cupboard. Available in two sizes for your convenience
Lavender essential oil has been used traditionally for it's relaxing and sedative qualities. It is also used as an effective insect repellant and as a disinfectant.
Blends well with Bergamot, Clary Sage, Lime and Geranium
Strength of aroma: Strong
Aromatic scent: Sweet, floral, herbaceous aroma with balsamic-woody undertones.
Use a 3-5 drops in essential oil burner or mix into your favourite cream or oil.
Lavender essential oil
Keep out of reach of children. Application to skin may increase sensitivity to sunlight. Lavender is generally safe and unlikely to cause irritation. Users should avoid direct sunlight after application. Patch testing is always recommended if applying oils to the skin. We do not promote the health benefits of essential oils.
Not suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding women
Store in a cool, dark place below 30C
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"When the truth is found to be lies"…sang Grace Slick. But, she was talking about big lies, I think, not so much the tiny lies that almost everyone on the planet surrounds themselves with, as they write and rewrite their own stories.
Big lies, little lies. Which are which, and which are important? And, do they carry the same importance?
Really… does it make that much difference if someone receives a BA in accounting or computer science? I actually do not think so…
Until, that is, a trouble-making hedge fund trolling for ANYTHING they can find to embarrass their target company, sniffs it out.
If you have ever dealt with one of these dissident shareholder groups -- who are not in it to better the workings of a company anywhere near as much as to drive up short-term profits so they can then bail out at a profit for themselves -- you will know that there is no level below which they will not stoop to make trouble.
In the bio of Yahoo's new CEO, Scott Thompson, they appear to have hit pay dirt…at least of a minor variety. So his college, Stonehill – not really a household name – did not offer a computer science degree until the early 80s, and Mr. Thompson graduated in 1979. Not such a big deal, unless it presages a trend. But it can become a huge deal when it is unearthed, and then shamelessly exploited by someone with an agenda.
It has always been thus, this manipulation of truth and lie; importance and unimportance…but really, this is only a precursor to what stands before us in the Presidential election cycle. Whose truth is real…and whose lies are important?
We as a society have an obligation to start to figure this out…before we are whipsawed into total degradation in the next six months.
SO…how about poor Scott Thompson? Has he done a good job as President of eBay's PayPal, and in all of his previous positions? Does he have an actionable and investable vision for the future of Yahoo! that his board buys in to? Is he a good man, a good leader, a good executer?
This is what matters. It also matters if he engages in a pattern of lying or sociopathic behavior. And if this little lie uncovers a pattern, then it is worth something. If it does not, it is a ridiculous red herring.
Unfortunately, but not surprisingly, this issue has come up again and again in my crisis management practice. Revisionist histories of top executives is nothing new. Often the revisions take on a life of their own – and become entrenched in the CEO's lore.
I have learned to distinguish the SMALL lies that executives often embrace while refining their "narratives," from the BIG lies that show someone to be unfit for duty.
I urge us all to look for the same distinctions.
Moreover, they call for different levels of crisis management.
Let's say that Mr. Thompson really did make this mistake, but that it is a stand-alone lie, not a "whopper," or presaging a trend. Then, he quickly fesses up to his board, his management team, and his organization…as well as publicly… apologizes, puts it into context, and moves on:
"I am truly sorry, I did technically graduate with an accounting degree…but computer science was a huge part of my curriculum. (only say that if it was..) Somehow, over the years, I misstated that…I will fix it immediately, and not make that, or another misstatement, to you again. I am honored to be the CEO of Yahoo!, and I take my position extremely seriously. I pledge to you to do my absolute best to return this company to its rightful grandeur, and to do so in as open and transparent a way as a possibly can. Together, we have an exciting future, and I look forward to facing it with you – openly – together."
And, he should not give AN INCH to the malefactor hedge fund!
However, if the inevitable inquiry into his past that this blunder engenders finds more "misstatements," or a trend of lying or covering up the truth, then he must go. At that point, the Board issues a statement something to the effect of:
"We have conducted a thorough investigation of our CEO's history, and have found a number of inconsistencies – enough to be troubling. We have decided to part ways, and wish to announce the interim leadership of xxxx, who has a superb history of leadership of (our or another) company. We have begun the search for our next permanent leader – a man or woman of impeccable vision, executional excellence, value creation and integrity. We will keep you closely informed, as it progresses."
Little lie – one solution; Big lie – another. But, please let us as a nation understand the difference between the two.
Scott Thompson did NOT deny global warming or the holocaust…he, possibly, misstated his major!


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Microsoft is updating the next version of its System Center IT infrastructure and server management suite so it can manage virtual machines in the cloud. It is also adding controls that will allow departmental IT chiefs to manage their own system resources, the company announced Tuesday.
Both additions to System Center 2012 suite, slated for release later this year, are necessary to help central IT departments keep pace with the requests of individual departments within their organizations.
"If [central IT] does not move fast enough, departmental level [IT staff] are not above going around them and [will] procure space on a site like Windows Azure if they want to deploy something more quickly," said Amy Barzdukas, Microsoft senior director of product management.
System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2012 allows administrators to deploy virtual machines either on local servers or on Microsoft Azure-based hosted platforms. The administrator can pool virtual machines into different sets, allowing them to establish sets of servers dedicated for specific tasks or lines of business.
The program works with virtual machines using the Microsoft Hyper-V hypervisors and with those based on VMware and Xen hypervisors.
"You create a set of virtual machines with standard packages that have the app and the networking [settings], and put those out to the business-level owners," Barzdukas said. Microsoft has posted a beta version of Virtual Machine Manager that can be tested on a trial basis.
The release is timely. Cloud management has gone beyond the task of merely creating a virtual machine and deploying it on a cloud infrastructure, said Gartner Research Vice President Chris Wolf, in a statement. The organization will also need tools to automate configuration and operations as well.
Of the 7.5 million servers with Windows Server software that Microsoft expects to be shipped in 2012, around 1.5 million will be used in "highly virtualized" environments, Barzdukas said.
Also new for Systems Center 2012 will be a program that allows for greater control over departmental allocations of resources. Code-named "Concero," this application will allow an administrator to designate a set of servers or other resources to a departmental manager, giving that manager fine-grained control of how those resources can be used.
"Think of Concero as an administrative console that's been made available to department-level IT. It gives app owners the opportunity to manage their own resources that has been delegated to them by central IT," she said. "They will have a role-specific experience based on what their business unit needs, which allows them to do all the management themselves."
Microsoft announced these two new components of System Center at the Microsoft Management Summit, being held this week in Las Vegas.
In addition to these two new programs, Microsoft also offered more details about other improvements in the next version of the System Center.
Operations Manager 2012 will include .Net performance-monitoring technology that Microsoft acquired when it purchased AVIcode. Technology from another acquisition, Opalis, has been rebranded and updated under the new name of System Center Orchestrator 2012. Orchestrator allows users to automate workflows across different systems.
The updated Service Manager 2012 will allow data-center managers to file their own self-service requests, speeding the approval process for allocation of cloud resources. And a beta of a new service called System Center Advisor (formerly code-named "Atlanta"), which monitors cloud-based SQL Server deployments, has also been launched.
Also at the conference, Microsoft announced that Target deployed Hyper-V and System Center to manage in-store servers. By moving to this platform, Target was able to cut the number of servers it uses in each store from seven to two, Microsoft said. The move eliminated 8,000 servers across 1,755 stores.
Barzdukas pointed out that the Target servers even run, within virtual machines, a homegrown Linux application that Target built to manage pharmacy operations.
Joab Jackson covers enterprise software and general technology breaking news for The IDG News Service. Follow Joab on Twitter at @Joab_Jackson. Joab's e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.com


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Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the frequency and intensity of climate and weather related hazards putting development gains at risk. By improving their disaster related information base,...
Many African countries are extremely vulnerable to extreme weather events. They face even greater risks in the future as human induced climate change increasingly alters the weather and climate patterns...