text:
National Network for Equitable Library Service (NNELS)
Borrow titles from an online collection of accessible formats for patrons with perceptual disabilities.
The National Network for Equitable Library Services (NNELS) provides access to a growing collection of downloadable books in accessible formats for readers with print disabilities. It is a service provided by the provincial and territorial governments of Alberta, BC, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut and the Yukon, with the BC Libraries Cooperative as the service provider.
At present there are approximately 12,000 titles in the collection with more being added steadily, thanks to requests from libraries and readers. Most NNELS books are in DAISY audio format, though there are also some PDF, MP3, e-Braille and e-text titles. NNELS audio content is a combination of live narration and synthetic voice.
Using NNELS
1. Contact your local library to obtain a library card (if you do not already have one) and ask library staff to ensure you have the correct patron type added to your record, which is "Print Disabled materials allowed"
2. Follow the link to the NNELS website and click on the "Sign up" button at the top of the page.
3. Search for your local library (simply entering your city/town is an easy way to locate your local library).
4. Click on the link that says "If this is your local library, click here to log in with a valid library card from this branch."
5. Enter your library card number and PIN. If you do not know your pin or inf you have any problems logging in, contact your local library.
The BC Libraries Cooperative has created a video demonstrating the sign up process.
You can also watch a video demonstrating how to find and download open access books from nnels.ca.


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Specific property:This reagent is a kind of black average pellet powder carbon which is invested into low volume but with high hydrogenation transform rate. It is strong in selection, stable in activity and could be repeatedly applied mechanically for many times.
Main Usage:It is widely used in petrifaction, pharmacy,perfume,dyestuff industry and other hydrogenation reduction of fine short, etc.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Notice Number: NOT-RM-07-005
Key Dates
Release Date: January 10, 2007
Issued by
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/)
This notice is a reissue and modification of Notice NOT-RM-06-017, which was published in the NIH Guide on August 2, 2006.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) invites investigators in the public and private sectors to submit compounds to the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) to be used for high throughput biological screening (HTS) by the Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network (MLSCN).
Our goals include: 1) expansion of the MLSMR compound collection with structurally diverse compounds; 2) screening of these compounds against a variety of biochemical and cell-based phenotypic assays by the MLSCN to identify and develop probes of biological function; 3) providing compound suppliers with information on the biological activities of their compounds; and 4) making information about the chemical structures and biological activities of the compounds freely accessible through PubChem (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/).
NIH seeks to encourage collaboration between chemists who provide their compounds and biologists who develop HTS assays, through their participation in activities of the MLSMR, MLSCN and PubChem resources.
MLSCN, MLSMR, and PubChem
The NIH Molecular Libraries and Imaging Roadmap initiative launched the MLSCN on June 15, 2005, with the aim of generating new scientific knowledge that will translate into tangible benefits for public health. This effort empowers multi-disciplinary academic teams to develop small molecule tools that can be used in basic and applied biological and biomedical studies.
HTS involves rapid screening of large numbers of compounds in a biological assay. Although HTS of small molecule libraries has been performed extensively by the pharmaceutical industry in the context of drug discovery and development, the academic community has not yet benefited widely from the considerable potential of HTS to provide investigative tools to advance the understanding of biology. This is because most academic scientists have limited access to automated screening facilities and to collections of structurally diverse compounds. The MLSCN was created to provide such resources.
The MLSCN is a collaborative research network comprising one NIH intramural screening center and nine extramural centers. The ten network screening centers are capable of running 100-200 biochemical and cell-based phenotypic assays annually. Assays are submitted by the research community in response to the Program Announcement "Solicitation of Assays for High Throughput Screening (HTS) in the Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network (MLSCN)," PAR-06-545 (R03) (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-06-545.html) and PAR-06-259 (X01) (https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-06-259.html). The MLSCN, along with PubChem and the MLSMR, offers a new dimension in research opportunities for chemists and biologists in the academic and non-profit sector. The sharing of small molecules, biological assays, and screening data with the larger scientific community represents a new public sector paradigm that promises to facilitate the understanding of basic biological mechanisms and shorten the timeline for drug development, with resulting benefits to public health, especially for rare disorders.
PubChem (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) is a public sector database managed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Screening data, including the biological activities from HTS assays generated by the MLSCN and the structures of compounds in the MLSMR are made available to the entire scientific community via PubChem.
The MLSMR (http://mlsmr.glpg.com/MLSMR_HomePage/), established in September 2004, ultimately will house a collection of approximately 500,000 chemically diverse molecules, including many with proven biological activities. It currently contains over 100,000 compounds in four categories: 1) specialty sets of pharmacologically active compounds; 2) targeted libraries for protease, kinase, GPCR, ion channel, and nuclear receptor targets; 3) diversity sets; and 4) natural products. The MLSMR compound collection is being expanded with acquisitions from the following sources: 1) commercial chemical suppliers; 2) NIH P41 grantees under the initiative entitled "Pilot-Scale Libraries for High-Throughput Screening" (RFA-RM-06-003 - https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-RM-06-003.html); and 3) the world wide chemistry research community.
Benefits to Chemists
By submitting samples of compounds to the MLSMR, contributing investigators may benefit in important ways.
Guidance for Compounds Suitable for HTS
In general, the MLSMR accepts fully characterized organic molecules that meet the criteria for HTS by the MLSCN. Compounds that duplicate existing structures in the MLSMR will not be accepted, and it may be necessary to accept only subsets of large combinatorial libraries of closely related compounds.
All submitted compounds should be: at least 90% pure, sufficiently water-soluble for use in HTS, reasonably stable at room temperature, not hazardous, and provided (preferably) in solid form. Compounds obtained by high-throughput synthesis, as well as medicinal or synthetic organic chemistry are eligible. Purified, discreet natural products from microorganisms, plants or marine organisms may also be suitable for biological screening.
While libraries submitted in response to this initiative need not be "drug-like" in the usual sense (since NIH's goal is not drug discovery), chemical stability under HTS and storage conditions is very important. Also, compounds with inherently reactive functional groups (see http://mlsmr.glpg.com/MLSMR_HomePage/identify.html) as well as compounds that are prone to nonspecific aggregation (see, for example, J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 4265-4272) are not considered suitable for this solicitation.
MLSMR Compound Requirements:
How to Submit Compounds
Compound submissions will be accepted on a rolling basis. Any investigator who wishes to submit compounds to the MLSMR should submit the following data electronically, via email to email@example.com with the submitter's name (last name, first name) on the Subject line:
Compound submission applications will be reviewed periodically (generally monthly). Compound data files will be checked against the MLSMR Excluded Functionality filters. Compounds that bear excluded functionality will not be selected for inclusion in the MLSMR. After this review, compound submitters will be provided with a list of the compounds that have met MLSMR requirements, as well as a list of any compounds that did not pass the filtering process.
Procedure for Compound Deposition to the MLSMR
Once compounds are selected, the MLSMR will provide the compound submitter with pre-tared, barcoded 4mL glass vials for packaging and transport. The compound submitter will fill the vials and return them to the MLSMR. Dry samples, rather than solutions, should be provided whenever possible. A datafile that associates compound identifiers with vial barcodes must accompany the compounds. The MLSMR will confirm safe arrival by email. Relevant properties of the submitted compounds will be registered and entered by the MLSMR into a database. Transportation charges will be paid by the NIH.
The MLSMR will perform quality control (QC) on the samples it receives by processing them according to the following protocol. Because of the high volume of analyses performed by the MLSMR, a standard QC protocol is applied to all samples. Submitters should indicate in their proposals whether any aspects of this QC process are likely to be incompatible with the submitted compounds, and where possible, should discuss appropriate alternative analysis methods.
Compounds that do not pass QC for weight, solubility, identity, or purity cannot be accepted into the MLSMR and will be returned to the submitting investigator.
Further information on compound submission and additional details on the MLSMR QC process can be found at http://mlsmr.glpg.com/MLSMR_HomePage/submitcompounds.html.
In order to offset costs associated with preparation of compounds for submission to the MLSMR (e.g. weighing, packaging, data file generation, etc.), the Molecular Libraries Initiative will provide compensation at a rate of $15 for 10mg and $10 for <10mg of each unique compound that passes initial filtering and subsequent QC and is accepted into the MLSMR. Funds will be distributed to compound submitters through purchase orders issued by the MLSMR contractor, BioFocus DPI. Payment is dependant upon final acceptance of the compounds as well as full execution of NIH Roadmap Molecular Libraries Initiative Material Transfer Agreement and acceptance of BioFocus DPI purchase order.
Initial Filtering and Review: 2-4 weeks after datafile submission
QC Completion and Final Acceptance: 4-8 weeks after receipt of compound vials at the MLSMR
Distribution to MLSCN Screening Centers: generally no more than 3 months after final acceptance
Material and Data Sharing
Submitting chemists will be required to provide the structure of each compound. Investigators will be expected to sign a material transfer agreement (MTA) with the MLSMR (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/dnbbs/NIH-ML-SMR-Incoming-MTA.pdf). Compounds will only be released from the MLSMR under an outgoing material transfer agreement (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/dnbbs/NIH-ML-SMR-Outgoing-MTA.pdf). Structure information on all compounds accepted into the MLSMR will be made publicly available in PubChem, and all screening data generated by the MLSCN will be deposited in PubChem after they have been confirmed for accuracy. All data generated by the MLSCN will be freely available to the research community in a form that will support redisplay and reanalysis, so that maximal utility of this research resource will be realized. Additional information on MLSCN data sharing and intellectual property policies can be found in "MLSCN Project Team Policy on Data Sharing and IP in the MLSCN Program" (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/dnbbs/datasharing-ip.pdf).
We encourage inquires concerning this Notice and welcome the opportunity to answer questions from potential submitters.
Direct your questions to:
Jamie Driscoll
Project Officer, Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository
National Institute of Mental Health/NIH/DHHS
6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 7187, MSC 9641
Bethesda, MD 20892-9641
Rockville, MD 20852-9641 (for express/courier service)
Telephone: (301) 443-5288
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Weekly TOC for this Announcement
NIH Funding Opportunities and Notices
Office of Extramural
Research (OER)
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS)
Note: For help accessing PDF, RTF, MS Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Audio or Video files, see Help Downloading Files.


text:
One Man & A Toolbox
Commercial and Residential Maintenence and Repairs
One Man & A Toolbox, has provided professional handyman services since 1997. We are a drug free workplace and our Technicians are background checked for your peace of mind. Contact us and we will have one of our experienced professionals review your project, and arrange an appointment at your convenience.
Honesty and reliability are qualities that are embodied in every serviceman. You can trust your family, home and business with us. One Man & A Toolbox, is insured and bonded to further protect you. Our goal is to do every job in a competent and professional manner while providing the best value to our customers.
Affordable Hourly RateLicensed, Bonded and Insured
Office HoursMon - Fri. 8:00am-4:30pmEvening and Weekend Appointments Available
Birmingham, Al. 205-823-2111 Montgomery, Al. 334-270-4145
Tuscaloosa, Al. 205-752-1216
Fax 205-409-0833
Members of the Association of HomebuildersRealtors AssociationBetter Business Bureau


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A refrigeration system contains a minimum of four key components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve and evaporator. However, in practice the systems are much more complicated. A number of components make the system more efficient, reliable or controllable, as shown in Figure 2.12. Many of these components must be selected with care, because they can have a negative influence on the system if they are incorrectly selected or mounted. The most important components are described below. Information about problems that could affect the refrigeration process and the performance of heat exchangers and expansion valves has been italicized.
Oil separator
All refrigeration compressors except centrifugal compressors contain oil, which lubricates the compressor and forms seals between the moving parts during the compression. The oil is important to achieve high efficiency in the compressor, but it affects the heat transfer in the system negatively.
There will always be some oil in the discharge gas from the compressor. Screw compressors usually have much more oil carry-over than other types.
To minimize the amount of oil that must be transported around the system, an oil separator can be introduced (see Figure 2.13). It is important to remember that there is no such thing as a 100% efficient oil separator, which means that all systems must be dimensioned to ensure adequate oil transport. The oil separator will only delay the failure of a system without proper oil transport. Oil transport can often be a problem during part-load operation when the velocities are low. This can create problems during continuous operation at part load.
The oil separator is mounted in the high-pressure pipe between the compressor and the condenser. When the high-pressure gas enters the oil separator, the gas velocity decreases. This causes the oil that is transported by the refrigerant gas to be captured by the metallic filter in the inlet. The oil then forms droplets, which fall down to the bottom of the oil separator. When the oil level is high enough, a float-valve is opened that allows the high pressure to force the oil back to the compressor. As a final precaution against oil being swept into the system, there is a strainer in the outlet that also captures oil.
At high evaporation temperatures, such as in air conditioning systems, oil separators are common only in screw compressor systems. This is because the small amount of oil from scroll compressors and reciprocating compressors will be carried around the system without any significant effect. At lower temperatures, the viscosity of the oil increases greatly, and consequently its impact on the heat transfer increases. The problem of oil carry-over increases with higher viscosity oils and lower density gases.
Refrigerant liquid receiver
Where an evaporative condenser, an air-cooled condenser, or a tubewithin-a-tube condenser without sub-cooling is employed, a receiver is necessary to collect the condensed refrigerant used by the system. The receiver also stores the entire charge of the refrigerant during the period when the system is pumped down. The receiver is usually just a small steel tank with appropriate shut-off and relief valves (see Figure 2.14).
The receiver is placed in the liquid line (i.e. the part of the refrigeration cycle where the refrigerant is in the liquid phase) between the condenser and the filter (cf. Figure 2.12). It should be filled partly with liquid and partly with vapor in all operating conditions. A receiver will be needed only in systems where the evaporator volume is large compared with the condenser volume and a wide operation range is desired or pump-down operation is used. The receiver can also be used as a service vessel to hold the charge while work is performed on other parts of the system. Unlike most systems, those using air-to-refrigerant evaporators operating under varying conditions often require a receiver.
Although there are advantages in having a receiver, in many systems there are strong reasons to avoid one. Because the receiver contains both gas and liquid, little or no sub-cooling can be achieved at the outlet, which is an important difference from a system without a receiver. With little or no sub-cooling, all pressure drops or heat transfer to the liquid line will cause flash gas, which means the expansion valve has no opportunity to function correctly. To achieve substantial sub-cooling, a separate sub-cooler is required after the receiver.
Filters and driers
Moisture, water vapor or foreign matter may cause problems in any refrigeration system. Moisture may freeze in the orifice of the expansion valve, cause corrosion of metal parts and wet the motor windings of a semihermetic compressor. Eventually, this can result in motor burnout and oil sludge. Foreign matter, on the other hand, may contaminate the compressor oil and become lodged in valve parts, rendering the valve inoperative. Various types of devices are used to remove water vapor and foreign matter from the refrigerant stream, some of which are described below.
Liquid line filter driers are positioned in the liquid line to protect the expansion valve from particle contamination and to absorb potential humidity in the refrigerant. Different desiccant materials are available to suit the various types of refrigerants.
This type of filter drier should always be installed in the system. If not, the expansion valve could become blocked by particles or by ice formation due to humidity. Damage to the compressor could also follow. The combination of humidity and high discharge gas temperatures will accelerate decomposition of the oil. This also increases the risk of compressor failure.
If a filter in the liquid line becomes blocked, there will be a pressure drop causing the liquid refrigerant to boil and create flash gas, which will disrupt the operation of the expansion valve.
Suction line filters are positioned in the suction line (i.e. before the compressor) to protect the compressor from possible contamination.
However, they are not always installed. After burnout, when the electric motor in a hermetic or semi-hermetic compressor has failed, they are often installed temporarily or permanently.
If a filter in the suction line becomes clogged, the suction pressure and capacity will decrease, which is often mistaken for an evaporator problem.
Oil filters are often installed in the oil return line between the oil separator and the compressor. If this filter is blocked it can lead to excessive oil carry-over, which affects heat transfer in the evaporator.
Pressure control
Pressure gauges, permanently installed to monitor compressor suction and discharge pressures, are convenient when maintaining the system. Because of the pulsating nature of the refrigerant gas flows within a reciprocating compressor system, it is advisable to connect gauges to the system using throttle valves. These valves not only provide a shut-off when gauge readings are not required, but also provide a means for throttling the lines to prevent gauge fluctuation when readings are to be taken.
Compressor shut-off valves or service valves are safety devices to protect the system from excessively low or high compressor pressures, i.e. low/high evaporation temperatures. A compressor shut-off valve is shown in Figure 2.16. If the pressure drops below a pre-set level, the compressor is stopped. The valve can also be used to start the compressor when the pressure reaches a pre-set level. The valve also acts as a safety device that protects the system from excessively high pressures by controlling the compressor. It measures the pressure at the compressor outlet, and the compressor is stopped if this pressure becomes too high. This component is apparently ideal for freeze protection by preventing low evaporation temperatures. However, for practical reasons the low-pressure control must often be by-passed during start-up and will therefore not protect against freezing. Unfortunately, the start-up is the situation with the highest risk of freezing (cf. chapter 8.4).
Sight glass with humidity indicator
A sight glass, see Figure 2.17, should be positioned in the liquid line in every system (cf. Figure 2.12). It is generally located immediately before the expansion valve, and provides a means for viewing the liquid flow.
If a gas/liquid mixture is detected in the sight glass, this indicates that the sub-cooling is insufficient. This will disturb the operation of the expansion valve and may result in severe superheating or system hunting. The presence of gas in the liquid may be due to the following:
- No sub-cooling being achieved in the condenser
- A high pressure-drop in the liquid line, caused by e.g. a blocked filter drier or a solenoid valve with high pressure-drop
- Heat transfer to the liquid line from the surroundings
In a system without a liquid receiver, (1) can be solved by charging more refrigerant. When doing so, the extra refrigerant will collect as liquid in the condenser. The liquid level will then rise in the condenser and the sub-cooling will thereby increase. Note that in a system containing a liquid receiver, the sub-cooling cannot be increased by charging more refrigerant. Problem (2) is solved by changing the filter or modifying the system in other ways to reduce the pressure drop. Problem (3) can be solved by insulating the liquid line or increasing the sub-cooling. If this is not possible, the condensing pressure may have to be increased at the expense of a higher energy cost.
The sight glass also includes a humidity indicator. A color scale shows the degree of humidity in the refrigerant and hence warns when it is time to change the filter drier.
Solenoid valves
A solenoid valve (see Figure 2.18) is an on/off valve that is often positioned in the liquid line before the expansion valve. The solenoid valve is electronically controlled, and closes at the same time as the compressor is switched off. The solenoid valve will maintain the pressure difference between the condenser and the evaporator side during off periods and hence prevent liquid from flowing into the evaporator.
Solenoid valves can be direct or pilot operated. The direct type is usually only manufactured in small sizes. Pilot operated valves require a certain pressure drop to open. In this case, there is always a risk that flash gas will disturb the operation of the expansion device in systems with limited sub-cooling.
Suction line accumulator
Suction line accumulators are installed to avoid liquid carry-over to the compressor, which could affect lubrication and, in the worst-case scenario, lead to damage if liquid or oil foam enters the compression chamber. This may cause the expansion device to malfunction. It is also a problem during start-up and after defrost, when large amounts of liquid refrigerant can be flushed back to the compressor.
The pressure drop in a suction line accumulator is, as for all components in the suction line, critical. Pressure drop in the accumulator can be mistaken for poor evaporation performance.


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In today's Blogger tutorial I show you how to enhance your Blogger blog (Blogspot blog) by adding a post divider to your Blogger template. Used effectively post dividers can really jazz up your blog and will lend it that individual feel which most of us are hoping to create.
This tweak is very easy and well within the capabilities of any Blogspot blogger. Only a few simple changes to your Blogger template are required and these are in the CSS styling section.
By way of example I will use a divider that I downloaded from the internet free by searching for free divider graphics. Here are some sample dividers you can use to get started:
URL address:
URL address:
URL address:
URL address:
How to Add a Divider Between Posts in Blogger
- Login to Blogger if not already logged in
- From the Dashboard navigate to Layout > Edit HTML
- Back up your Blogger template as a precaution by downloading it to your computer
- Find the following line of code in your template:
.post {
You are likely to have something like this in your template already:
.post {
margin:.5em 0 1.5em;
border-bottom:1px dotted $bordercolor;
- Paste the following lines of code to this block making sure you paste them before the closing curly bracket:
background: url(http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_vLeiVavkV_M/SthJsqCtR3I/AAAAAAAAB9o/tO5gQME5P8Q/s400/ribbon.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: bottom center;
margin:.5em 0 1.5em;
- If any lines are duplicated remove them.
- Remove any line beginning with: border-bottom: eg
border-bottom:1px dotted $bordercolor;
- You will now have a block of code which looks like this plus any extra lines from the existing code in this block:
.post {
background: url(http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_vLeiVavkV_M/SthJsqCtR3I/AAAAAAAAB9o/tO5gQME5P8Q/s400/ribbon.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: bottom center;
margin:.5em 0 1.5em;
- Click on Save Template to save your changes
- Click on View Blog to see your new post divider between posts
Tips and Troubleshooting
- To change the divider to one of the above replace the URL address of the image (in red) with the URL address of the new image you want to use.
- To use your own divider image download to your computer from the internet and then save the image to a photo image service like Photobucket. Replace the divider image URL address (in red) with the URL address of your new image
- To increase the padding around the divider change the following line of code:
In today's Blogger tutorial you have learned how to insert a divider between your Blogger posts to enhance the look of your Blogger template (Blogspot template). You can either make your own post divider or download one from the myriad of free website dividers available on the net.
Related Articles
List of Blog Know How Tutorials for Blogger Blogs
How to Add, Delete or Remove Blogger Image Borders
How to Align and Justify Posts in Blogger


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In Los Angeles, California, police surround a home in Compton where the leaders of the terrorist group known as the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) are hiding out. The SLA had kidnapped Patricia Hearst, of the wealthy Hearst family publishing empire, months earlier, earning headlines across the country. Police found the house in Compton when a local mother reported that her kids had seen a bunch of people playing with an arsenal of automatic weapons in the living room of the home.
The LAPD's 500-man siege on the Compton home was only the latest event in a short, but exceedingly bizarre, episode. The SLA was a small group of violent radicals who quickly made their way to national prominence, far out of proportion to their actual influence. They began by killing Oakland's superintendent of schools in late 1973 but really burst into society's consciousness when they kidnapped Hearst the following February.
Months later, the SLA released a tape on which Hearst said that she was changing her name to Tania and joining the SLA. Shortly thereafter, a surveillance camera in a bank caught Hearst carrying an assault riffle during an SLA robbery. In another incident, SLA member General Teko was caught trying to shoplift from a sporting goods store, but escaped when Hearst sprayed the front of the building with machine gun fire.
Although law enforcement officials began talking about the SLA as if they were a well-established paramilitary terrorist organization, the SLA had only a handful of members, most of who were disaffected middle class youths.
On May 17, Los Angeles police shot an estimated 1,200 rounds of ammunition into the tiny Compton home as six SLA members shot back. Teargas containers thrown into the hideout started a fire, but the SLA refused to surrender. Autopsy results showed that they continued to fire back even as smoke and flames were searing their lungs; they clearly chose suicide and martyrdom over jail. Randolph Hearst, Patty's father, remarked that the massive attack had turned "dingbats into martyrs." The raid left six SLA members dead, including leader Donald DeFreeze, also known as Cinque. Patty Hearst was not inside the home at the time. She was not found until September 1975.
Patty Hearst was put on trial for armed robbery and convicted, despite her claim that she had been coerced, through repeated rape, isolation, and brainwashing, into joining the SLA. Prosecutors believed that she actually orchestrated her own kidnapping because of her prior involvement with one of the SLA members. Despite any real proof of this theory, she was convicted and sent to prison. President Carter commuted Hearst's sentence after she had served almost two years. Hearst was pardoned by President Clinton in January 2001.


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text:
Braised Lamb with Roasted Squash and Onion Sauce
Serves: 8
- Lamb
- 1 trimmed boneless leg of lamb (about 5 pounds), tied as a roast
- Kosher salt, freshly ground pepper
- ¼ cup vegetable oil
- 3 medium onions, coarsely chopped
- 5 celery stalks, coarsely chopped
- 3 carrots, peeled, coarsely chopped
- 6 sprigs thyme
- 1 sprig rosemary
- 1 head of garlic, halved crosswise
- Squash and Onion Sauce
- 1 red kuri, kabocha, or butternut squash
- Vegetable oil
- Kosher salt, freshly ground pepper
- 1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter
- 6 garlic cloves, thinly sliced
- 1 shallot, thinly sliced
- 2 onions, thinly sliced
- 1 bay leaf
- 1 teaspoon finely grated orange zest
- ¼ teaspoon ground cardamom
- ¼ teaspoon ground cinnamon
- ¼ teaspoon ground cloves
- ¼ teaspoon turmeric
- Flat-leaf parsley leaves
- Lamb
- Preheat oven to 325°. Season lamb generously with salt and pepper. Heat oil in a large heavy ovenproof pot over high heat. Sear lamb on all sides, adjusting heat as necessary to prevent scorching, until deep brown, about 18 minutes.
- Transfer lamb to a platter. Add onions, celery, and carrots to pot. Reduce heat to medium-low and cook, stirring occasionally, until onions begin to caramelize, about 25 minutes.
- Add 4 cups water to pot. Bring to a simmer, scraping up brown bits with a wooden spoon; return lamb and its juices to pot. Add water just to cover lamb (10–12 cups, depending on size of pot). Add thyme, rosemary, and garlic; bring to a simmer, cover, and transfer to oven.
- Braise until lamb easily pulls apart when pierced with a fork, 4–4½ hours. Let lamb cool completely in stock. Transfer lamb to a platter. Strain stock through a fine-mesh sieve set over a large bowl; discard solids. Return stock and lamb to pot. Let cool, cover, and chill overnight. DO AHEAD: Lamb can be made 2 days ahead. Keep chilled.
- Remove lamb from stock; shred into large pieces. Strain stock through a fine-mesh sieve into a large saucepan; discard solids. (Because the fat is cold and still solid, it will strain easily.) Bring strained stock to a boil over medium-high heat. Reduce heat to medium; simmer until reduced to 3 cups, about 25 minutes. DO AHEAD: Lamb can be shredded into large pieces and stock can be strained and reduced up to 1 day ahead. Cover separately; chill.
- Squash and Onion Sauce
- Preheat oven to 300°. Line a rimmed baking sheet with foil. Using a fork, poke holes into flesh all over squash; place on baking sheet. Coat squash lightly with oil and season with salt and pepper. Roast squash until juices seep from the holes and a paring knife inserted into the skin slides through easily, about 1 hour. Let squash cool; divide into quarters. Discard stem, seeds, and membranes. Using a spoon, scoop out 1″ pieces of flesh; discard skin. DO AHEAD: Squash can be roasted 2 days ahead; cover and chill.
- Heat butter in a small heavy saucepan over medium heat, stirring often, until deep nutty brown (do not burn), about 8 minutes. Strain brown butter through a coffee filter–lined sieve set over a large skillet. Heat butter over medium heat; add garlic and cook until light golden, about 30 seconds. Using a slotted spoon, transfer garlic to a plate. Cook shallot in same pan until golden and beginning to get crisp, 2–3 minutes. Transfer shallot to plate with garlic.
- Reduce heat to medium-low and add onions. Cook, stirring occasionally, until well caramelized, about 45 minutes. Stir in reserved garlic and shallot, bay leaf, orange zest, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, and turmeric. Season to taste with salt. DO AHEAD: Onion sauce can be made 3 days ahead. Cover; chill. Rewarm before using.
- Preheat oven to 350°. Place squash on a rimmed baking sheet and drizzle with ½ cup onion sauce. Bake until hot, about 10 minutes.
- Bring lamb, reduced stock, and ¼ cup onion sauce to a simmer in a large pan over low heat. Divide lamb and squash among plates. Drizzle with reduced stock and remaining onion sauce; garnish with parsley.


text:
Tuesday, December 27, 2011
19 comments:
My kitty never does this! She honestly hates table food.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 27, 2011 at 12:20 PM
Yes indeed! This is the double-edged sword of having a social kitty who loves a crowd. Mine knows exactly how cute he is and how to 'work it!'ReplyDelete
In my home, it's the two ginger cats Shelley and baby Oscar. Holy cow. They are very social and LOVE attention and treats O_oReplyDelete
My Gil would only do this if some one was having yogurt. If you didn't at least let him lick the container after you were done he'd start wailing like the world was ending.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 27, 2011 at 12:26 PM
Love the big cat washing its butt..you know, right, that the one the cat's butt is facing is the "Most Important Person" in the room???ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 27, 2011 at 12:30 PM
LOL, love it! Sadly, I always give in to my kitty. He's just way too cute when he begs and I can't help it!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousDecember 27, 2011 at 12:39 PM
My kitten doesn't beg...she just comes straight to your plate or tries to bite off what you are eating!ReplyDelete
Love your posts. Thanks!ReplyDelete
Thanks for your post , i needed my fix i was getting withdrawReplyDelete
My kitties just like to smell my food. Very rarely do they actually try to eat it.ReplyDelete
I have a "mantra" at my friends houses - "Virginia, Do NOT feed the animals, do not feed the animals"ReplyDelete
After a couple glasses of wine, the mantra becomes "Only feed the animals a little bit..."
This comment has been removed by the author.ReplyDelete
Yep, my cats are happy their grandparents are in town this week.ReplyDelete
Hahaha my sister's cats would rather just sit on the table or counter (ick!) and stick their faces in everything rather than beg. Le sigh.ReplyDelete
My guests are trained to know that my displeasure is much much worse if they accidentally poison the cat with people food... =_=ReplyDelete
Still doesn't stop my cat from begging!
You should have been here two nights ago. Talk about working a crowd. ;)ReplyDelete
Um YES!ReplyDelete
One of my kitties - a Tortie - will lead others to believe that I do not feed nor love "poor" kitty. What a work of art that kitty!
(but her antics secretly makes me love her more)
- AnonymousDecember 30, 2011 at 1:58 AM
Love the annoyed face of the kitty. Haha!ReplyDelete
Our cat ALWAYS wants to try what we have on our plates, to the point of ignoring what's on HIS!! And most of the time he doesn't eat any...as long as he's included, that's what matters to him...!ReplyDelete


text:
I'm a postdoctoral researcher at TU Berlin and part of the Cluster Science of Intelligence as well as the RBO lab. I in particular like research at the intersection of Computer Vision, Robotics and Machine learning.
Before joining the Cluster of Intelligence, I did my PhD at University of Massachusetts, Amherst (USA) working with Prof. Erik Learned-Miller. During my PhD I had the opportunity to work together with Cordelia Schmid and Karteek Alahari as part of an internship at Inria in Grenoble (France) what was a lot of fun. I got my M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering and Information Technology from Ruhr-University Bochum.
In my thesis I developed new methods for moving object segmentation in unconstrained videos. Motion is a key ability that we as living beings have to explore our environment. Our motion for example helps us to perceive depth, and the motion of objects helps us to recognize these objects even if those are unknown to us. In general my research aims at the following questions, how can we incorporate physical principles into vision systems? And how can we adopt learned principles to a never previously seen scenario? Creating this kind of common sense understanding for machines requires consideration of many different aspects (physics of the world, social interactions, cultural background, etc.). To me, especially this makes the intersection between computer vision and robotics an incredible challenging but also very interesting research area to explore.


text:
PHOENIX, Feb. 27 (UPI) — Marcin Gortat, Markieff Morris and Wesley Johnson all scored 14 points Tuesday to lead Phoenix to an 84-83 overtime win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.
Gortat laid in the tying basket in the closing seconds of regulation and Johnson chalked up nine rebounds in the win, which ended the Suns' three-game losing streak.
Derrick Williams led Minnesota with 21 points and 12 rebounds. Niko Pekovic also tallied a dozen rebounds and scored 18 points to round out the double-double.
The T-Wolves outscored the Suns 26-19 in the fourth quarter and were ahead 77-75 when Gortat tied it up with 13.6 seconds to play. Gortat scored three of Phoenix's six points in overtime.
Copyright 2013 United Press International, Inc. (UPI).


text:
Generic name: pancrelipase
Drug class: Digestive enzymes
Approval date: May 17, 2012
Company: Digestive Care Inc.
Treatment for: Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Aug 23, 2023.
FDA Approves Pertzye
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Pertzye, indicated for the treatment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) due to cystic fibrosis (CF) or other conditions.
Pertzye is a unique pancreatic enzyme product containing bicarbonate-buffered enteric-coated microspheres. The Pertzye formulation was previously marketed by DCI for over a decade under the trade name Pancrecarb MS-16.
Pertzye Medication Guide
Read this Medication Guide before you start taking Pertzye and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This information does not take the place of talking to your doctor about your medical condition or treatment.
Pertzye may increase your chance of having a rare bowel disorder called fibrosing colonopathy. This condition is serious and may require surgery. The risk of having this condition may be reduced by following the dosing instructions that your doctor gave you.
Call your doctor right away if you have any unusual or severe:
- stomach area (abdominal) pain
- bloating
- trouble passing stool (having bowel movements)
- nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Take Pertzye exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take more or less Pertzye than directed by your doctor.
What is Pertzye?
Pertzye is a prescription medicine used to treat people who cannot digest food normally because their pancreas does not make enough enzymes due to cystic fibrosis or other conditions.
Pertzye capsules contain a mixture of digestive enzymes including lipases, proteases and amylases from pig pancreas.
Pertzye is safe and effective in children when taken as prescribed by your doctor.
Before taking this medicine
Before you take Pertzye, tell your doctor about all of your medical conditions, including if you:
- are allergic to pork (pig) products
- have a history of blockage of your intestines, or scarring or thickening of your bowel wall (fibrosing colonopathy)
- have gout, kidney disease, or high blood uric acid (hyperuricemia)
- have trouble swallowing capsules
- have any other medical condition
- are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if Pertzye will harm your unborn baby.
- are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Pertzye passes into your breast milk. You and your doctor should decide if you will take Pertzye or breastfeed.
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and dietary or herbal supplements.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
How should I take Pertzye?
- Take Pertzye capsules exactly as your doctor tells you.
- You should not switch Pertzye with any other pancreatic enzyme product without first talking with your doctor.
- Do not take more capsules in a day than the number your doctor tells you to take (total daily dose).
- Always take Pertzye with a meal or snack and plenty of fluid. If you eat a lot of meals or snacks in a day, be careful not to go over your total daily dose.
- Your doctor may change your dose based on the amount of fatty foods you eat or based on your weight.
- Pertzye capsules should be swallowed whole. Do not crush or chew the Pertzye capsules or their contents, and do not hold the capsule or capsule contents in your mouth. Crushing, chewing or holding the Pertzye capsules in your mouth may cause irritation in your mouth or change the way Pertzye works in your body.
Giving Pertzye to children and adults:
- You should not divide the capsule contents into small amounts to give small doses of Pertzye.
- Swallow Pertzye capsules whole and take them with enough liquid to swallow them right away.
- If you have trouble swallowing capsules, open the capsules and mix the contents with a small amount of acidic food such as applesauce. Ask your doctor about other foods you can mix with Pertzye.
- If you mix Pertzye with food, swallow it right after you mix it and drink plenty of water or juice to make sure the medicine is swallowed completely. Do not store Pertzye that is mixed with food. Throw away any unused portion of capsule contents.
- If you forget to take Pertzye, wait until your next meal and take your usual number of capsules. Take your next dose at your usual time. Do not take two doses at one time.
Pertzye side effects
Pertzye may cause serious side effects, including:
- See Important information about Pertzye
- Irritation of the inside of your mouth. This can happen if Pertzye is not swallowed completely.
- Increase in blood uric acid levels. This may cause worsening of swollen, painful joints (gout) caused by an increase in your blood uric acid levels.
- Allergic reactions, including trouble breathing, skin rash, itching, or swollen lips.
Call your doctor right away if you have any of these symptoms.
The most common side effects of Pertzye include:
- diarrhea
- upset stomach (indigestion)
- cough
Other possible side effects:
Pertzye and other pancreatic enzyme products are made from the pancreas of pigs, the same pigs people eat as pork. These pigs may carry viruses. Although it has never been reported, it may be possible for a person to get a viral infection from taking pancreatic enzyme products that come from pigs.
Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or does not go away.
These are not all of the possible side effects of Pertzye. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
You may also report side effects to Digestive Care, Inc. at 1-800-882-5950.
How do I store Pertzye?
- Store Pertzye at room temperature 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C).
- Keep Pertzye in a dry place and in the original container.
- After opening the bottle, keep it tightly closed between uses to keep your medicine dry (protect it from moisture).
- The Pertzye bottle contains a desiccant packet to help keep your medicine dry (protect it from moisture). Do not eat or throw away the packet (desiccant) in your medicine bottle.
Keep Pertzye and all medicines out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of Pertzye
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use Pertzye for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Pertzye to other people to take, even if they have the same symptoms you have. It may harm them.
This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about Pertzye. If you would like more information, talk to your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about Pertzye that is written for health professionals.
For more information, go to www.digestivecare.com or call 1-800-882-5950.
What are the ingredients in Pertzye?
Active ingredients: lipase, protease, amylase.
Inactive ingredients: The hard gelatin capsules contain: sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, cellulose acetate phthalate, sodium starch glycolate, diethyl phthalate, ursodiol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and talc.
The imprinting ink on the 8,000 units of lipase; 28,750 units of protease; 30,250 units of amylase capsules contain: FD&C Blue #1, ethanol, methanol, n-butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, shellac and ammonium hydroxide. The imprinting ink on the 16,000 units of lipase; 57,500 units of protease; 60,500 units of amylase capsules contain: FD&C Red #40, povidone, titanium dioxide, dehydrated alcohol, sodium hydroxide, butyl alcohol, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, and shellac.
Frequently asked questions
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text:
RUN'S HOUSE lyrics - Run-DMC
RUN'S HOUSE Song Lyrics
A whole lot of superstars, on this stage her tonight
But i want yall to know one thing-this is.... My House
and when i say who's house, yall know what time it is.
Who's house?
Runs house!
ah, once again my firend
not a trend for then
they said, rap was cr*p
but never had this band
till the ruler came
with a cooler name
make ya dance and prance and draw the fans to stades
name is Run my son
number one for fun
not a gun that's done and get done by none
the others act in fact ya just wack i kill
because its fun my son and Run heads the bill!
Who's house?
Run's house!
(repeat twice)
Im in the house yall
im in the house yall
and this is how Run DMC will turn it out yall
im in the house yall
im in the house yall
and this is what run dmc be about yall
will my name is dmc,
the all-time great
i buts the most rhymes in New York state
Reporters Claw
Producers die
they want to be down with the king!
the wanted man from the wanted clan
wanted by every fan from across the land
not a G.A.N.G from off the street
R. and U.N. D.M.C complete!
get on the mic and (emcee)
another time i take
for the rhyme i make
make me mad and sad because the fad is fake
see i do this thing so come presue this king
one mind i rhyme so all you just break
cus im the best im def
ask the rest they left
thats my name my game and we dont need the rep
so keep the booze you loose and suckas cool your mouth
i set a trap for rap thats cr*p
its run's house!
some underestimate
and miscalculate
my intent to create what i call the great
till i make a song that i prove em wrong
see my song so strong ittll make em come along
come in the door
get on the floor
hard rock hard hitting hiphop hard-core
causing casualties and catastrophes
and tragedies for the suck emcees
use a strategy to get the best of me
you dirty rat emcees
whoever you may be
you need to go down south
you need to shut your mouth
its all about no doubt just shout cus we turn it out!
A-Z Lyrics Universe
Popular Chasing Amy Songs
Lyrics / song texts are property and copyright of their owners and provided for educational purposes.


text:
Andreas Graefe (project lead)
Andreas Graefe (Ph.D., Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany) has joined the PollyVote project in 2007. Andreas is a professor of management at Macromedia University of Applied Sciences in Munich, Germany. Prior to that, he was a research fellow at LMU Munich, Columbia University's Tow Center for Digital Journalism, and the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. Andreas' research is quantitative-empirical, interdisciplinary, and problem-oriented. He does not limit himself to a particular domain or method but looks across many domains and use different methods to address important problems. In the area of election studies, he has done extensive validation work on the benefits of combining forecasts, vote expectation surveys, and index models. Andreas also brought the PollyVote to Germany. For more information see his personal website.
Scott Armstrong
J. Scott Armstrong (Ph.D., MIT, 1968), Professor of Marketing at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, is one of the founders of the PollyVote. In addition, he is a founder of the Journal of Forecasting, the International Journal of Forecasting, and the International Symposium on Forecasting. He is the creator of forecastingprinciples.com and editor of Principles of Forecasting, an evidence-based summary of knowledge on forecasting. In 1996, he was selected as one of the first six "Honorary Fellows" by the International Institute of Forecasters. He was named by the Society of Marketing Advances as "Distinguished Marketing Scholar of 2000." One of Wharton's most prolific scholars, he is the most highly cited professor in the Marketing Department at Wharton. His current projects involve the application of scientific forecasting methods to climate change and the use of the index method to make predictions for situations with many variables and much knowledge (e.g., political elections and the effectiveness of advertisements). His book, Persuasive Advertising, was published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2010. It summarizes evidence-based knowledge on persuasion and it is supported by advertisingprinciples.com. For more information see Scott's personal website.
Randy Jones
Randall J. Jones, Jr. (PhD University of Texas at Austin), Professor of Political Science at the University of Central Oklahoma, is one of the founders of the PollyVote. Randy was Chair of the political science department and served as Assistant Dean of the College of Liberal Arts. Jones's current research interests relate to political forecasting, particularly predicting election outcomes. He also has published studies on forecasting political risks encountered by U. S. oil companies abroad. He is author of Who Will Be in the White House? Predicting Presidential Elections (Longman, 2002) and is co-editor of 21 Debated: Issues in World Politics (Prentice-Hall 2000, 2004). Jones chaired the organizing committee of the Political Forecasting Group, a Related Group of the American Political Science Association since 2006, and is currently the group's Secretary-Treasurer. He is a collaborator in the Special Interest Group PoliticalForecasting.com. Jones has been designated Oklahoma Political Science Scholar of the Year and Oklahoma Political Science Teacher of the Year, both awards of the Oklahoma Political Science Association, of which he has been president. At UCO Jones was named a Herbert Hauptman faculty research fellow and is director of the interdisciplinary minor in Global Studies. He previously served on the Board of Directors of the World Affairs Council of Central Oklahoma and of the United Nations Association, Oklahoma City chapter. For more information see Randy's personal website.
Alfred Cuzán (Co-Founder, retired)
Alfred G. Cuzán, Distinguished University Professor at the University of West Florida, was one of the founders of the Pollyvote. Alfred received a Ph.D. in Political Science and Economics at Indiana University (Bloomington, Indiana) in 1975. He has published many articles on American politics and policy, Latin American and Iberian politics, and political theory. He retired from the PollyVote project in May of 2020 to focus on other projects. For more information see Alfred's personal website.


text:
01 Jul 1996 Justice Clarence Thomas: He's Not Going Away, No Matter How Hard His Critics Pray – July 1996
by Jackie Cissell
A New Visions Commentary paper published July 1996 by The National Center for Public Policy Research, 20 F Street, NW #700, Washington, DC 20002, (202) 507-6398, Fax 202-543-5975, E-Mail [email protected], Web http://www.nationalcenter.org. Reprints permitted provided source is credited.
Justice Clarence Thomas is in the news again. The interest this time is not to call attention to a decision he helped reach on the high court or an interview on his experience on the Supreme Court. Nor was he accused of embezzlement or rape.
Thomas was invited to speak to the eighth-grade graduating class of a middle school in Landover, Maryland.
The invitation came as a result of a field trip the eighth-grade class took to see Thomas. The children and their parents were especially impressed with the Justice, who spent nearly two hours with the students from the predominantly black school. As a matter of fact, they were so impressed that they asked him to speak at their graduation.
No one could have predicted the storm this would generate. School officials revoked the invitation and joined in criticizing Thomas. The parents and children rallied to get Thomas reinvited and succeeded.
What on earth would the Justice say to these children that would cause the Left such distress? Thomas speaks of his life, his childhood, his college years and his rise to the highest court in the land. He speaks of endurance and hard work, the very thing kids need to hear to encourage them to succeed.
Clarence Thomas was born June 23, 1948, in Pinpoint, Georgia, a town in the marshes near Savannah. He was born with the assistance of a midwife, in a small wood-frame house with no indoor plumbing. His family shared an outhouse with several neighbors. The residents of that community carried water in buckets from a common pump.
Young Clarence started the first grade at the segregated Haven Home School in 1954, the same year the Supreme Court declared segregated education unconstitutional in Brown vs. Board of Education. In the middle of the school year, Clarence and his brother Myers moved to Savannah to live with their mother.
They lived in one room of a tenement with a common kitchen and common toilet outside. In the summer of 1955, Clarence and his brother moved again to live with their maternal grandparents, Myers and Christine Anderson, who had an ice delivery and fuel oil business. Clarence was surrounded by segregation. Public restrooms, lunch counters, water fountains, libraries and schools were segregated.
His grandparents were hard-working people who believed and taught Clarence and his brother that if you don't work, you don't eat. He wanted them to be self-sufficient, so he prepared them to survive in a hostile, segregated world where the odds seemed so heavily stacked against them.
At local NAACP meetings, his grandfather prodded Clarence to read aloud his high grades to show that blacks could excel as well as whites.
Eventually, Clarence attended Yale Law School. After working as an assistant to the Missouri Attorney General and in other positions, he became chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1981 under the Reagan Administration. He now sits on the United States Supreme Court.
Brian Jones, friend of Thomas and executive director of the Center for New Black Leadership in Washington, D.C., recalled his first meeting with Thomas. As a young law student, he called Thomas for some advice. Thomas invited the student to a meeting that lasted two hours, giving him advice on "all types of things."
It is not uncommon for Thomas to mentor young black law students. He now carries on this tradition by meeting with many students from collegians down to eighth-graders.
Of what is the Left so terrified? If Thomas is indeed alienated from the black community as the good professor has said, then, what's the problem?
Maybe in spite of their efforts trying to make Thomas some kind of monster, people still hear him and identify with his background. His whole life has been a lesson in overcoming poverty and discrimination. It seems the more Thomas speaks the more he encourages the audience.
The assassination of his character has not worked. It was the parents and the children who wanted Thomas, despite the arm-twisting from the Left, and the parents prevailed.
The fact of the matter is this: As much as they hate it, Clarence Thomas is black and conservative. He sits on the Supreme Court. He has a lifetime appointment.
There is nothing they can do about it.


text:
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text:
Economics and Information Security
I'm sitting in a conference room at Cambridge University, trying to simultaneously finish this article for Wired News and pay attention to the presenter onstage.
I'm in this awkward situation because 1) this article is due tomorrow, and 2) I'm attending the fifth Workshop on the Economics of Information Security, or WEIS: to my mind, the most interesting computer security conference of the year.
The idea that economics has anything to do with computer security is relatively new. Ross Anderson and I seem to have stumbled upon the idea independently. He, in his brilliant article from 2001, "Why Information Security Is Hard—An Economic Perspective" (.pdf), and me in various essays and presentations from that same period.
WEIS began a year later at the University of California at Berkeley and has grown ever since. It's the only workshop where technologists get together with economists and lawyers and try to understand the problems of computer security.
And economics has a lot to teach computer security. We generally think of computer security as a problem of technology, but often systems fail because of misplaced economic incentives: The people who could protect a system are not the ones who suffer the costs of failure.
When you start looking, economic considerations are everywhere in computer security. Hospitals' medical-records systems provide comprehensive billing-management features for the administrators who specify them, but are not so good at protecting patients' privacy. Automated teller machines suffered from fraud in countries like the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, where poor regulation left banks without sufficient incentive to secure their systems, and allowed them to pass the cost of fraud along to their customers. And one reason the internet is insecure is that liability for attacks is so diffuse.
In all of these examples, the economic considerations of security are more important than the technical considerations.
More generally, many of the most basic security questions are at least as much economic as technical. Do we spend enough on keeping hackers out of our computer systems? Or do we spend too much? For that matter, do we spend appropriate amounts on police and Army services? And are we spending our security budgets on the right things? In the shadow of 9/11, questions like these have a heightened importance.
Economics can actually explain many of the puzzling realities of internet security. Firewalls are common, e-mail encryption is rare: not because of the relative effectiveness of the technologies, but because of the economic pressures that drive companies to install them. Corporations rarely publicize information about intrusions; that's because of economic incentives against doing so. And an insecure operating system is the international standard, in part, because its economic effects are largely borne not by the company that builds the operating system, but by the customers that buy it.
Some of the most controversial cyberpolicy issues also sit squarely between information security and economics. For example, the issue of digital rights management: Is copyright law too restrictive—or not restrictive enough—to maximize society's creative output? And if it needs to be more restrictive, will DRM technologies benefit the music industry or the technology vendors? Is Microsoft's Trusted Computing initiative a good idea, or just another way for the company to lock its customers into Windows, Media Player and Office? Any attempt to answer these questions becomes rapidly entangled with both information security and economic arguments.
WEIS encourages papers on these and other issues in economics and computer security. We heard papers presented on the economics of digital forensics of cell phones (.pdf)—if you have an uncommon phone, the police probably don't have the tools to perform forensic analysis—and the effect of stock spam on stock prices: It actually works in the short term. We learned that more-educated wireless network users are not more likely to secure their access points (.pdf), and that the best predictor of wireless security is the default configuration of the router.
Other researchers presented economic models to explain patch management (.pdf), peer-to-peer worms (.pdf), investment in information security technologies (.pdf) and opt-in versus opt-out privacy policies (.pdf). There was a field study that tried to estimate the cost to the U.S. economy for information infrastructure failures (.pdf): less than you might think. And one of the most interesting papers looked at economic barriers to adopting new security protocols (.pdf), specifically DNS Security Extensions.
This is all heady stuff. In the early years, there was a bit of a struggle as the economists and the computer security technologists tried to learn each others' languages. But now it seems that there's a lot more synergy, and more collaborations between the two camps.
I've long said that the fundamental problems in computer security are no longer about technology; they're about applying technology. Workshops like WEIS are helping us understand why good security technologies fail and bad ones succeed, and that kind of insight is critical if we're going to improve security in the information age.
This essay originally appeared on Wired.com.


text:
In this era when "Director's Cuts" and "Special Edition DVD Sets" never turn out to be all that special, a new book purporting to tell the story-behind-the-story of an already well-documented classic seems destined to disappoint. But Jaws: Memories From Martha's Vineyard […]
By Ian Aldrich
Apr 20 2011
The right-to-left mechanical shark inside an Edgartown boatshed, May 1974.Photo Credit : Caulfield, Photo courtesy of Andy
In this era when "Director's Cuts" and "Special Edition DVD Sets" never turn out to be all that special, a new book purporting to tell the story-behind-the-story of an already well-documented classic seems destined to disappoint. But Jaws: Memories From Martha's Vineyard by first-time book author Matt Taylor, compiled in collaboration with avid Jaws collector Jim Beller, is a refreshing surprise. It's a giant of a book, and I mean that literally. This mammoth 296-page coffee-table publication — stuffed to the gills with never-before-seen photographs, notes, and other dynamite documentation — is a book that even the biggest Jaws-a-holic among us (and there are plenty) will drop everything for.
Its strength begins with the fact that Taylor and Beller are both huge fans of the movie themselves; Beller, who resides in Providence, Rhode Island, has one of the largest known private collections of Jaws memorabilia in the world. Even more significant, though, is the book's approach. During the five months in 1974 when Jaws was filmed on Martha's Vineyard, director Steven Spielberg made use of much of the island, including hundreds of residents, who worked on the sets or filled in as extras. And it's their stories (as well as their memorabilia and photos) that drive Beller and Taylor's book. Oh sure, there are some important Hollywood voices, including Spielberg's (he's written a nice foreword), as well as recollections from production designer Jo Alves and casting director Shari Rhodes, but the bulk of the story is driven by the Vineyard residents who worked with and lived around this giant of a film.
There's Lee Fierro, who played Mrs. Kintner, the grieving mother who loses a son to the big shark and then admonishes Sheriff Martin Brody (played by Roy Scheider) with one of film's all-time great slaps. There's Jonathan Filley, a novice actor who was cast to appear in the movie's dramatic opening attack scene. And there's Lynn Murphy, a marine-shop owner in Menemsha hired to run the boats for most of the film's water scenes. In fact, it was the hard-charging Murphy whose, shall we say, salty spirit was one of the inspirations behind actor Robert Shaw's portrayal of the fiery Quint.
"Lynn Murphy's irritability," one local recalls, "seemed to afford him an almost superhuman perseverance. You'd hear those curses echoing across the harbor, but once they stopped, it usually meant someone's supposedly irreparable engine had been fixed, or some poor sap's boat had been unsunk."
To his credit, Taylor gets out of the way as a writer, stepping in when necessary to move the narrative along, but largely letting the voices of those featured in the book tell the story.
Beyond just being an oral history steeped in tales and anecdotes, though, Jaws offers up an unbelievable collection of snapshots and other photographs that have rarely been seen by anyone off-island. Taylor's Vineyard roots have a lot to do with that. A 15th-generation Vineyard resident (his family can trace its beginnings all the way back to the island's first European settlers), Taylor knows many of the key people well. Their treasures become the reader's, giving Jaws the kind of breadth and detail that makes it stand out.
For those movie buffs who want a little more from their read, Taylor and Beller deliver. Along with its regularly priced ($59.95) paperback version, Jaws is also offered in a $250 limited-edition hardcover edition that comes complete with a small piece of Quint's boat, the Orca. Good luck finding that in some "Special Edition" DVD collection.
For more information about the book and to purchase a copy, visit: www.mvremembersjaws.com/