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Desktop VFS
Desktop VFS aims to provide a system allowing desktop-oriented applications, such as file managers and office applications among others, to have access to remote data storage facilities using a Virtual File System API.
D-VFS is a new API which will be designed to simplify common tasks and make new operations available that existing APIs do not support at all. The primary target of D-VFS is the Desktop and the applications that run there, which means that the API will be ideal for those uses while possibly no so ideal for console or server applications. A FUSE module may be provided in the future to allow applications that do not natively use D-VFS to utilize D-VFS. D-VFS will utilize URIs for referencing files and folders.
D-VFS is in the first stages of design. The requirements and api are being fleshed out at this location. Adding your comments to the design of D-VFS is very simple. First, get a freedesktop ?login. Second, edit this page by hitting the icon. Once you have edited this page, you will be signed up for email notifications of any future edits on this page.
Except where noted, the following was written by SeanMiddleditch. (If you make additions, edits, or comments, please identify your changes.)
Desktop VFS is intended to be used primarily by desktop apps like office suites and by desktop file managers like Nautilus or Konqueror. These applications have a certain set of operations which they must perform in order to operate correctly.
- Save and load documents
- Manipulate document metadata
- List files in a folder
- Move, copy, and delete documents
Create, move, copy, and delete folders In addition to the basic required operations, additional operations may be required by some applications in order to perform efficiently.
Seeking backward
- Seeking forward
- Request a portion of a file
Append a file There are certain qualities of the API which are required in order for most desktop applications to function properly,
Event-based (asynchronous) API
- Complete error reporting with user-oriented messages available
- Monitor progress of any operation
- Cancel any in-progress operation
- Resume operations with non-critical errors ("failed to make backup; save anyhow?")
- Threadsafe (?AlexanderLarsson says being non-threadsafe is a real problem in gnome-vfs developers run into)
- Change notification for folders and documents
- Atomic operations when possible
- Query capabilities of backend/protocol
Good versioning and API/ABI compatibility practices There are additional features that, while not strictly necessary, can make using D-VFS more pleasant or increase the ease with which applications may be ported.
Push/pull (pseudo-synchronous) API
- FUSE backend
Locking Finally, there are esoteric features that are (currently) rarely used, but which may be useful in the future. These can be added to D-VFS after the first version ships if necessary.
Rollback and versioning
- Meta-data querying (search)
- Encryption and decryption
- Compression One of the main purposes of D-VFS is to allow seamless access to files on remote file stores. Some of the more important protocols that D-VFS will support include WebDAV, SMB/CIFS, FTP, and SCP/SFTP. Protocols which may have (limited) support include plain HTTP and FTP. Some of the more esoteric or rare protocols will not likely be supported directly, although D-VFS will allow developers to supply their own backends to support new protocols.
Save and Load Interface
The vast majority of applications do only two things to all files they access. They either open the file in read mode and sequentially read the entire file or they open the file in write mode and sequentially write out the entire file.
As those are two of the most used, if not the most used, operations that a VFS must perform, it makes sense that both of those operations be as simple as possible. It is also vital that those operations work appropriately for the needs a GUI application.
The D-VFS will attempt to make asynchronous reads and writes of whole files as simple as possible. Higher layers will offer synchronous versions of these APIs for even easier development.
Asynchronous Interface
GUI applications need to remain responsive at all times to external events, such as user input events or windowing system commands. If you've ever seen an application window get "ghosted" while it was processing some data, then you've seen the outcome of having an application become unresponsive to events.
Because D-VFS will offer seamless access to remote file systems where latency and bandwidth can often make simple operations take a long time, D-VFS may not cause the application to "block" or pause. In order to ensure that applications can continue processing important events while the operation is outstanding, D-VFS will be built around the concept of asynchronous operations. That essentially means callback-based programming.
Don't worry, a pseudo-synchronous interface is also planned to ease development: see below.
D-VFS will use URIs to reference files and folders. This is the existing practice in gnome-vfs and KIOSlaves, as well as the practice for referencing files on most interesting remote protocols in common clients (including the web browser).
While console users may be more comfortable with paths, note that D-VFS is intended for desktop users (where the URI reigns supreme), and that console users will have to 'mount' URIs anyway to access them, which will cause the URI to be mapped to whatever path the console user desires.
Optional Features and Emulation
Many of the features that D-VFS will support will not be implementable on certain protocols. FTP does not allow seeking, for example.
If it is possible to provide a relatively efficient emulation of a feature, D-VFS will strive to do so. No protocol is required to implement any feature outside of the core set (save, load, list files, etc.).
Applications may query whether a particular feature is available or not for any protocol.
It is highly recommended that application authors stick to the core feature set if at all possible to ensure maximum utility. When developers do need optional features, it is recommended that they disable any parts of their application that need the feature when its not available while allowing the rest of their application to function; it is better to have a mostly functioning app than a completely non-functioning app.
Toolkit Integration
Some features of D-VFS cannot be expressed in an easy to use API without a level of integration with the application's toolkit. Monitoring the D-BUS (note: not determined for sure we'll use D-BUS, but it seems overwhelmingly likely) and processing windowing system events during VFS operations are two examples of where the D-VFS must have integration with the toolkit.
For this reason, the core D-VFS client-side API will be designed for toolkit developers, not applications developers. It is expected that application developers will use the toolkit-specific D-VFS wrappers when writing their applications.
Thankfully, the number of applications that do not use an established toolkit are rare. The major toolkits inlude, but are not limited to: glib, Qt, and Gecko. A major application that uses its own toolkit is ?OpenOffice.org
POSIX Compatibility
D-VFS does not attempt to provide compatibility with the POSIX I/O API or to existing applications. Applications will need to be updated to use the D-VFS API if they wish to make full use of its capabilities.
Modules for FUSE and similar technologies on non-Linux platforms will be entirely possible, in addition to module to existing user-space VFS systems like KIO and gnome-vfs. These should provide good migration paths and compatibility with applications that are uninterested in D-VFS.
Pseudo-Synchronous API
While it is mandatory for GUI applications that VFS operations be asynchronous, actually programming against an asynchronous API can be very difficult, especially in popular languages like C or C++. A pseudo-synchronous API can be provided which provides easier to use blocking functions, but which integrate with the application's main loop in order to ensure that important events are still processed while the application waits for the VFS.
This API must be implemented at the toolkit layer.
Change Notification
Change notification allows applications to be notified when a file or folder they are interested in changes. A file manager would use these feature to refresh the file list of any windows it had open if a file is added or removed to any of the open folders.
Applications can also make use of change notification to enhance the user experience. A word processor or text editor might watch for changes made to the file being edited and warn the user of such changes.
Seeking and Partial Content
Some applications can make use of, or even require, the ability to seek around a file (rewind and fast forward), or only need to access a small portion of a file. A thumbnailer used in a file manager is an example of such an application.
Both seeking and partial content requests are not supportable on all interesting protocols. The current plan is to simply not provide these features on such file systems. It may be possible to provide some level of emulation at a later date. (Possibly before D-VFS 1.0.)
Locking and Concurrent Access
Where possible, D-VFS will attempt to make operations atomic. That means that the operation appears to happen as a single uninterruptable action. For example, when an application saves a document using the save document API, D-VFS will make the file change appear atomic when possible. While that works to ensure data integrity in the case of system failure, it doesn't not protect against concurrent edits, where two users may save the same file - whichever save completes second will overwrite the first one.
Locking will allow an application to claim ownership of a file so that no other applications may modify the document. This can be used to protect against two users editing the same document at the same time.
Neither atomic writes nor locking will be supported on all protocols.
VFS Daemon
The VFS daemon allows:
- Connection sharing between processes
- Separation of application logic and security control (not letting applications access user passwords)
- Client-side asynchronous operation on synchronous protocols/APIs
- Language-neutral entry-point to the VFS
- Integration with current desktop keychain/password-cache
- Easier implementation of some feature emulations like change notification polling The security advantages of a VFS daemon are interesting. If applications were responsible for querying the user for her password when authenticating to a remote share, two problems arise. First, the user must trust every application they run, or restrict all untrusted applications from accessing the VFS. Otherwise, the untrusted application could request her password and then send it to an attacker trojan-horse style.
While it's true that any app can pretend to ask for a password, the second security advantage of a daemon can attempt to circumvent that problem. Secure X extensions under discussion would allow for a user to verify that any window is legitimate (by using a key-combination that only trusted applications may respond to, for example). Since all authentication must come from a trusted application, it is easiest for the daemon (or, more likely, another helper process) to do the authentication querying instead of each individual application.
The main disadvantage of using a daemon is the theoretical performance degradation. For network filesystems, the performance impact will be marginally - most of the time will be spent waiting on the network. For local filesystem access, it is possible for the performance impact to be noticable. Whether this will be a true problem, or just a theoretical one, is yet to be seen.
The daemon will be required. The complexity in making backends support both in-process and daemon operation would severely complicate the development of a backend. The only backend where in-process support makes a lot of sense is local file system operations, althought some of those still will require a daemon or separate thread.
Protocol Backends
The system will be comprised of backends which implement protocols. A single backend may support more than one protocol. For example, a neon backend might support both dav: and davs:, while an SFTP backend might also implement support for SCP. It's possible that more than one backend might be installed that implements a particular protocol.
The backends will provide a list of capabilities and entry points for using the backend. A very simple model would simply provide a vtable of function pointers. Whether a particular entry is set or not would indicate whether the capability is supported and would also provide the entry point to the backend.
It is vital that backends be both backward and forward compatible. A backend written for D-VFS 1.1 should work under D-VFS 1.0; the only difference would be that some newer features found in 1.1 will simply be unavailable to application susing D-VFS 1.0. Likewise, a module written for 1.0 should work under D-VFS 1.1, although it will not be able to offer implementations of the new features found in 1.1.
By doing this, we make it much, much easier for third party developers to build, distribute, and support custom protocol backends. This can be especially important for in-house development projects with oddball specialized protocols that need to be usable on a variety of machines in the organization.
This is always a scary subject to approach, but it's worth mentioning in brief even at this point. The D-VFS is intended to be of maximum utility to both users and developers. It is important that any potentially restrictive licensing problems be avoided to ensure that the system is used by the widest range of software projects possible. Simply following suit with D-BUS' licensing or using the MIT license (like Xorg does) is probably the best bet all around.
All previous D-VFS discussion has been on the main xdg mailing list. Please add specific vfs requirements or proposals on this Wiki. Discussion of more general interest should continue to be posted on xdg
Mailing List Threads
The mailing list threads which recently started this discussion are:
- dvfs locking
- A virtual filesystem standard
- A virtual filesystem standard
- virtual filesystem ideas
- virtual filesystem ideas
- a common VFS - a different approach
- virtual filesystem ideas
- VFS ramblings
- Fwd: Re: virtual filesystem ideas
- A common VFS and a Common conf-system (Was: namespacing)
- A common VFS and a Common conf-system [Part II]
- A common VFS and a Common conf-system (Was: namespacing)
- A common VFS and a Common conf-system (Was: namespacing)
- A common VFS and a Common conf-system (Was: namespacing)
Interesting Links
- http://developer.kde.org/documentation/library/3.4-api/kio/html/index.html - KDE's IOSlaves developer documentation
- http://developer.gnome.org/doc/API/gnome-vfs/ - GNOME's gnome-vfs developer documentation
- http://live.gnome.org/GnomeVfsPlans - Discussion on improving gnome-vfs
- http://www.scheinwelt.at/~norbertf/common-vfs/ - Common/Shared VFS thoughts by ?NorbertFrese
- http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gtk-devel-list/2007-February/msg00062.html - GVFS status report (The new Gnome-VFS replacement)
- http://www.scheinwelt.at/~norbertf/devel/fusi/ - libfusi - A desktop interface to manage FUSE-mounts.
- The Project Portland also has a VFS-Task. It aims to provide a generic interface to VFS-functions through scripts and a library interface (discontinued).
Please append your comments here:
(?BuliaByak) Please consider adding support for accessing files within archives, such as zip, jar or tar.bz2. This is a very important feature that these days is almost standard in file managers (at least), so providing at the system level will be very beneficial. Any vfs-aware application will be able to edit and manipulate files in an archive transparently. If you don't do it, a file manager will only be able to use d-vfs for e.g. FTP, but will have to implement its own incompatible (and largely similar) vfs for working with archives. One vfs which claims to support archives is that in tcl/tk: http://wiki.tcl.tk/vfs. Please also make it easy to add support for more archive formats.
(?GeorgeStaikos) How do you plan to deal with complex issues like HTTP, where "sessions" are required with multiple concurrent slaves running? It also requires huge amounts of callbacks, user interaction, system-wide SSL integration, and much much more. Making this portable across desktops is painful at best, if sane.
(?RobertWittams) Is there a case for making authentication, cookie sharing, history, and cacheing work even between different HTTP stacks? I don't think that everyone will agree on one implementation of HTTP right now. But the state that browsers have could certainly be shared. Maybe this is even a separate project than DVFS, but it needs to be thought about because of the implications it has for authentication helpers.
(SeanMiddleditch) Cleaned up the document, including incorporating some of the comments (if you're wondering where they went). In regards to a shared HTTP implementation: I think web browsers and download are a somewhat separate topic, although they have a strong relationship to some things D-VFS will do. I think a shared HTTP implementation (possibly built on an existing implemetnation) is a great idea, but should be done separately from D-VFS. Once such an implementation exists, though, it would be great for D-VFS to support it so applications can seamlessly access content from URIs retrieved from the browser (and possibly needing cookies or whatnot to read).
(MortenSvantesson) I can't see why you claim that FTP doesn't support seeking. Sending the commands ABOR and REST offset seems enough like seeking to me and I've seen them used as such. Granted, offset is not guaranteed by the RFC to be a byte offset, but I don't know of any implementations where it isn't.
Since I'm a heavy user of AFS there are some issues I want to press:
- Access rights are not covered yet.
- File managers have use of knowing quotas or more to the point: how much more can be stored. Gnome VFS has gnome_vfs_get_volume_free_space (but doesn't support AFS).
- AFS is accessed by the user through paths but need a special backend for support of quotas and access rights. How should this be handled? The problem might arise for users of other protocols—like SMB—as well.
There is no CVS repository as there is no api or documentation.
Bugs & Patches
There is no Bugzilla as there is no api or documentation.
There are no D-VFS downloads as there is no api, implementation, tests, samples, or documentation, but there are projects with a similar intend:
The new Gnome-VFS replacement called GVFS is actively developed and might be used as a shared Desktop-VFS (to replace or back KIO): http://mail.gnome.org/archives/gtk-devel-list/2007-February/msg00062.html
An alternate approach is using FUSE: libfusi is an attempt to provide a desktop interface to manage FUSE mounts. http://www.scheinwelt.at/~norbertf/devel/fusi/


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Re: Plot3D Problem with Nonreal Numbers
- To: mathgroup at smc.vnet.net
- Subject: [mg20045] Re: Plot3D Problem with Nonreal Numbers
- From: "Seth Chandler" <Schandler at uh.edu>
- Date: Sat, 25 Sep 1999 18:46:08 -0400
- Organization: University of Houston
- References: <email@example.com>
- Sender: owner-wri-mathgroup at wolfram.com
You might want to try the package ContourPlot3D. Needs["Graphics`ContourPlot3D`"] ContourPlot3D[x^2 - y^2 + z^2, {x, -10, 10}, {y, -10, 10}, {z, -10, 10}, Contours -> {4}] I'm not a mathematician either. Seth J. Chandler Associate Professor of Law University of Houston Law Center JAM <jmac at tiac.net> wrote in message news:7shqcb$1rn at smc.vnet.net... > Greetings All! > I'm hoping you can help this struggling artist generate this 3D plot > destined for a calculus textbook. If the author had provided me with a > notebook file I wouldn't have to be bothering you, but he didn't. All I > have is a sketch of something that resembles two funnels joined at the > narrow end and this equation: > > x^2 - y^2 + z^2 = 4 > > I have solved for z and used the results in Plot3D but this generates an > error for the points that are not real numbers and only a portion of the > plot is drawn. > The question is, is there a way to make Mathematica ignore the solutions > that are not real? Or is there some other technique I should be using to > render this graphic. > Be gentle. Remember I'm an artist, not a mathematician. > Thanks in advance for any and all assistance. > --Jim >

subset: commoncrawl


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I've been facilitating a small email forum on various topics and the recent killing of Osama Bin Laden naturally led the recent focus of discussion. Here's what Tom (Dr. N.T.) Wright wrote to me last week. When I asked for his permission to post this on my site, this is what he said. "I am quite worried about the American exceptionalism which seems endemic in right-wing circles in your country, including alas right-wing Christian circles."
You will find what he says challenging – remember that he's a Brit and does not see the world through American lenses. But it's hard to simply ignore something NT Wright says… So think about this and let's discuss.
Direct quote begins:
Consider the following scenario. A group of IRA terrorists carry out a bombing raid in London. People are killed and wounded. The group escapes, first to Ireland, then to the United States, where they disappear into the sympathetic hinterland of a country where IRA leaders have in the past been welcomed at the White House. Britain cannot extradite them, because of the gross imbalance of the relevant treaty. So far, this is not far from the truth.
But now imagine that the British government, seeing the murderers escape justice, sends an aircraft carrier (always supposing we've still got any) to the Nova Scotia coast. From there, unannounced, two helicopters fly in under the radar to the Boston suburb where the terrorists are holed up. They carry out a daring raid, killing the (unarmed) leaders and making their escape. Westminster celebrates; Washington is furious.
What's the difference between this and the recent events in Pakistan? Answer: American exceptionalism. America is allowed to do it, but the rest of us are not. By what right? Who says?
Consider another fictive scenario. Gangsters are preying on a small mid-western town. The sheriff and his deputies are spineless; law and order have failed. So the hero puts on a mask, acts 'extra-legally', performs the necessary redemptive violence (i.e. kills the bad guys), and returns to ordinary life, earning the undying gratitude of the local townsfolk, sheriff included. This is the plot of a thousand movies, comic-book strips, and TV shows: Captain America, the Lone Ranger, and (upgraded to hi-tech) Superman. The masked hero saves the world.
Films and comics with this plot-line have been named as favourites by most Presidents, as Robert Jewett and John Shelton Lawrence pointed out in The Myth of the American Superhero (2002) and Captain America and the Crusade aginst Evil (2004). The main reason President Obama has been cheered to the echo across the US, even by his bitter opponents, is not simply the fully comprehensible sense of closure a decade after the horrible, wicked actions of September 11 2001. Underneath that, he has just enacted one of America's most powerful myths.
Perhaps the myth was necessary in the days of the Wild West, of isolated frontier towns and roaming gangs. But it legitimizes a form of vigilantism, of taking the law into one's own hands, which provides 'justice' only of the crudest sort. In the present case, the 'hero' fired a lot of stray bullets in Iraq and Afghanistan before he got it right. What's more, such actions invite retaliation. They only 'work' because the hero can shoot better than the villain; but the villain's friends may decide on vengeance. Proper justice is designed precisely to outflank such escalation.
Of course, 'proper justice' is hard to come by internationally. America regularly casts the UN (and the International Criminal Court) as the hapless sheriff, and so continues to play the world's undercover policeman. The UK has gone along for the ride. What will we do when new superpowers arise and try the same trick on us? And what has any of this to do with something most Americans also believe, that the God of ultimate justice and truth was fully and finally revealed in the crucified Jesus of Nazareth, who taught people to love their enemies, and warned that those who take the sword will perish by the sword?


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George Kennan Speaks Out About IraqNews Abroad
George F. Kennan, the chief architect of the containment and deterrence policies that shaped America foreign policy during the Cold War, said Sunday that Congress, and not President Bush, must decide whether the United States should take military action against Iraq.
In a wide-ranging interview at a Georgetown senior citizens home where he spent
the past month, the 98-year-old historian and former top U.S. diplomat repeatedly
warned of the unforeseen consequences of waging war.
Speaking out even as the Bush administration unveiled a new national security strategy calling for preemptive strikes against hostile states and terrorist groups suspected of developing weapons of mass destruction, Kennan said, This decision should really rest with Congress.
He added, Congress is there for the exercise of that responsibility. I think our Constitution and our tradition are quite sufficient here. [Bush] should not do what hes planning to do without a clear congressional mandate. This is against all American tradition.
Anyone who has ever studied the history of American diplomacy, especially military diplomacy, knows that you might start in a war with certain things on your mind as a purpose of what you are doing, but in the end, you found yourself fighting for entirely different things that you had never thought of before, he said."In other words, war has a momentum of its own and it carries you away from all thoughtful intentions when you get into it. Today, if we went into Iraq, like the president would like us to do, you know where you begin. You never know where you are going to end.
Kennan is the author of the history-making 1947 essay in Foreign Affairs, which he signed as X and enunciated the policy of containment that helped define American foreign policy after World War II. In the interview, he also:
Characterized the new national security document issued by the Bush administration last week as a great mistake in principle;
Voicing the same view that Vice President Albert Gore would take a day later, he warned that launching an attack on Iraq would amount to waging a second war that bears no relation to the first war against terrorism;
Declared that efforts by the White House and Republicans in Congress to link al Qaeda terrorists with Saddam Hussein have been pathetically unsupportive and unreliable;
Said Bush shouldnt speak contemptuously of the inspection teams that previously worked in Iraq, because they succeeded in destroying and removing from Iraq very, very sizeable quantities of dangerous arms;
Called the failure of Democratic congressional leaders and the partys would-be presidential candidates to question Bushs war plans as a shabby and shameful reaction;
Insisted that there is no evidence that Iraq has succeeded in developing nuclear weaponry, and even if they had, it would be targeted on Israel and not the United States;
Said the Israelis almost certainly possess nuclear weapons, and would be quite capable of mounting a devastating retaliatory strike if Iraq ever uses weapons of mass destruction against Israel;
Praised the diplomatic skills of Secretary of State Colin Powell, whom he called a man of strong loyalties in a difficult position [who] has been much more powerful in his statements than Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld; and
Cautioned that the United States, even as the worlds sole superpower, cannot confront all the painful and dangerous situations that exist in this world. Thats beyond our capabilities.
Kennan, who was in Washington with his 93-year-old wife this month while the couple that lives with them in Princeton, N.J., was on vacation, appeared vigorous and alert although arthritis has confined him to a wheelchair.
The interview took place in the apartment of former Sen. Eugene McCarthy (D-Minn.),
whose anti-Vietnam War candidacy in 1968 was endorsed by Kennan.
Reminded that some people are comparing Bushs request to Congress for broad warmaking powers with the 1964 congressional approval of the Gulf of Tonkin resolution, which allowed President Lyndon Johnson to escalate in Vietnam, Kennan said such resolutions lead to no good.
He concluded, You have to look at things all over again, every day, every week, every month, and adjust what you are doing, but do it in the light of the experience of the past.
Asked what advice he would give Bush and his national security team in dealing with Iraq, Kennan replied, First, I would say consult with the Israelis, who stand in the line of fire.
He added, But also, there is a very, very basic consideration involved here, and that is that whenever you have a possibility of going in two ways, either for peace or for war, for peaceful methods of for military methods, in the present age there is a strong prejudice for the peaceful ones. War seldom ever leads to good results.
Declaring that Hussein is not the only horrible, evil dictator in the world who might have weapons of mass destruction, Kennan said the United States made a great mistake in backing out of the nuclear test ban agreement.
If we had stopped testing, the greater part of the nuclear weaponry of all the countries who had signed the test ban treaty would have become inoperable in 20 or 30 years.
Shown a New York Times article describing Bushs new national security document as a doctrine and strategy that declares the ideas of containment and deterrence are all but dead, Kennan said, I dont care what you call it. I dont have any use for either word.
A doctrine is something that pins you down to a given mode of conduct and dozens of situations which you cannot foresee, which is a great mistake in principle. When the word containment was used in my X article, it was used with relation to a certain situation then prevailing, and as a response to it.
He said the only relevance between containment and deterrence on the one hand, and the new Bush approach on the other, would be a very general one, because it rests partly on the theory, and I think the correct theory, that if you ever had a chance to do something without the use of military force, by all means choose it rather than put military force into the picture.
Kennan was particularly critical of congressional Democrats for failing to oppose Bushs request for a blank check on Iraq.
I wonder why the Democrats have not asked the president right out, What are you talking about? Are you talking about one war or two wars? And if its two wars, have we really faced up to the competing demands of the two?
He added, This is, to me, as a very old, independent citizen, a shabby
and shameful reaction. I deplore this timidity out of concern for the elections
on the part of the Democrats.
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More Comments:
Rhya Turovsky - 12/21/2003
Unfortunately, now that Sadam Hussein has been captured which is good but bad for us democrats because the president holds it up as his achievement, it's hard to refute a victory over evil.
I know it's far from over, and we don't know what the outcome will be, but this war has taken on new momentum. Bush can now say: "See this dictator is in our hands and others will most likely follow." I can just see the Saudi Arabian dynasty follow, and they are the prime dictators.
Jim Hassinger - 3/28/2003
I think you simply have to see Kennan as a man of an historical moment. Truman was faced with two extremes: one, continue being allied with the Soviets -- not a viable alternative -- or pre-emptively bomb them into oblivion, as the conservatives of the era, and MacArthur and LeMay had in mind. Containment was a moderate, middle course. We would not be party to any further expansion of this particular slavery, nor would be inflict a nuclear nightmare on the world in order to liberate it.
In many ways, it was much like Lincoln's position on the slave states; the underlying idea was to avoid the apocalypse by sitting down to a long siege of communism. Of course, there are those who insist that it would have been better had we followed MacArthur's advice, bombed China and unleashed Chiang-Kai Shek. Thank God for Kennan. We need another man like him to rescue us this time from the madness of the Perles and Wolfowitzes.
What is particularly wince-making in the modern conservative view of Kennan is that this was supposedly a losing, compromising strategy. It was compromise, but it won. In fact, St. Reagan, though he threatened to come up with a new policy, never did.
James Steidle - 3/14/2003
The comments made above don't seem to give Kennan credit. He has had good ideas, and many more of them than simple reading would suggest. Sure his ideas may have been inconsistent over the years, and tinged with utopianism. But is this a charge that one should be ashamed of? And besides, if we all appreciated nuclear weapons for what they are, and that is that they are no better than anthrax, the eradication of the weapons would not seem so utopian. What about kennan's observations of american society and the american city? These are highly relevant today, something he was onto long ago. As for the charge of him being a friend of authoritarianism, well this is just slightly a misstatement. Perhaps he values hierarchy, and the notion that a given set of rules and laws should exist to correct the flaws of humanity and the market, but that he is a friend of authoritarianism disrespects the fact that he abhored the authoritarianism of Stalin and the USSR. The one weakness with Kennan's ideas is that he is too committed to the national entity, when it is a global entity or community that is necessary to solve the worlds problems and rid the world of nuclear weapons.
Alec Lloyd - 9/30/2002
Fascinating bit of logic:
"If we had stopped testing, the greater part of the nuclear weaponry of all the countries who had signed the test ban treaty would have become inoperable in 20 or 30 years."
Right. But what about the countries that DIDN'T sign the treaty? Or, what about countries that signed the treaty but then violated it? This smells strongly of either pie-in-the-sky utopianism or the old Soviet canard: "unilateral disarmament."
Kennan's policy prescriptions are erratic at best. He wants us to consult Israel (because they know so much) but downplays the danger of Iraq developing atomic weapons because they'd be aimed at Israel.
Of course, Israel also has its own nukes, which may or may not act as a deterrent. If they did, why would Iraq bust its budget and bankrupt its people to develop a weapon deterrent theorists posit it cannot logically use?
Furthermore, why is it that the same people who carried "no nuke" bumper stickers on their VW busses are now not bothered in the least about a rabid dictator developing nuclear capability? Okay, maybe they are bothered, but not enough to do much more than send inspectors over to play a game of hide-the-pea until Saddam gets bored and kicks them out (again).
Kennan may have had a good idea 50 years ago, but he is sadly irrelevant.
mark safranski - 9/30/2002
While we are nitpicking, who is " Keenan " ?
mark safranski - 9/30/2002
Character assassination ? Try reading firsthand for yourself Kennan's memoirs. Or his articles on the Soviets. To say someone who expressed admiration in print for Germany of that time is somewhat of an admirer of authoritarianism is to my mind, rather mild. But then again for modern liberals, it is the party line of the moment that matters, not consistency. If Kennan had come out for the war I'm sure your position on him would be 180 degrees in the other direction.
It should have been " obliterate " - my mistake.
Alec Lloyd - 9/30/2002
Maybe the Soviet body count would have hit the hundred million mark? Maybe the Soviet Union might even still be around? Wouldn't that be great!
Jerry West - 9/28/2002
Ephraim Schulman wrote:
The fact remains, it was his ideological support of Truman's violations of President Roosevelt's polcies of frienship with the Soviet Union that has lead to the militarization of our society.
Good point, though not related to the issue of Iraq. To take the point about US/USSR relations further than Keenan we can go all the way back to the Western/Japanese intervention in the USSR against the Red Army circa 1918-1925.
Who knows how history would have progressed had the rest of the world stayed out of their internal affairs instead of attacking them from day one.
Ephraim Schulman - 9/28/2002
September 28, 2002
It is nice to see that Kennan in his later years has shown signs of reasoning. Too bad it was not in evidence during his tenure while serving as an State Department apparatchik. The fact remains, it was his ideological support of Truman's violations of President Roosevelt's polcies of frienship with the Soviet Union that has lead to the militarization of our society. Sincerely,
Ephraim Schulman
Gus Moner - 9/27/2002
Well, after the 100 + word character assassination (why is that so imperatively a part of all conservative commentary?) I'll anyway agree with your conclusion that Mr. Keenan at his advanced age has finally had "One high point of clarity".
I cannot say more as I cannot locate 'obliviate' in any dictionary.
mark safranski - 9/27/2002
Kennan, as is accurately pointed out in _The Fifty Year Wound_ , was in intellectual retreat from Containment almost from the moment of publication of his X article. One gets the impression,when reviewing his advice in the 1970's regarding the Soviets that he was in awe of the USSR and counseled accomodation to an unstoppable behemoth. Kennan also once very much admired the Prussian hierarchical-militarist values of pre-Nazi Germany. He's not much of a democrat personally nor particularly in tune with American as opposed to European ethos. One high point of clarity does not obliviate decades of bad advice.
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Wednesday, July 28, 2010
Deep Lane
I took this picture last week, in the late afternoon, in Amagansett, down the road a couple of miles south of our house here. Deep Lane is the most beautiful name for a road I've ever heard, I think: the two monosyllables, the two long vowels, with the higher pitched vibration of the 'e' and the more soothing relaxation of the throat required to produce 'a.' And then there are the suggestions of the words themselves: the road is deep because it dips, just before the patch you see here, but it might also be deep in the country, or deep in memory or in one's regard, or it might carry one deep into -- what? And "lane," doesn't that speak for itself? A lane is modest, it doesn't go anywhere of note, it's unimportant in the larger scheme of things. "Lane" speaks of domesticity and familiarity, a kind of ease. "Lane" is to "road" as "cottage" is to "house."
Those are part of a flock of sixteen or so wild turkeys; the others are off to the left, down in a little clearing. I've never seen so many together at once.
The dark object in the lower right hand corner is the front left fender of my car: I stopped while the turkeys continued, in groups of three or four, joining the flock.
Posted by Mark Doty at 7:28 PM 4 comments:
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Atletico Madrid's Radamel Falcao played down talk linking him with a possible move to Manchester United.
Reports emanating from Spain last week claimed United were in pole position to land the in-demand striker this summer as they look to win the race for the Colombian.
Falcao is one of the most sought-after players in Europe following his goalscoring exploits for Atletico with the likes of United, Chelsea, Manchester City and Real Madrid all credited with an interest in his services.
Atletico Madrid coach Diego Simeone rejected the speculation of a deal being agreed with United and now Falcao has distanced himself from the transfer speculation saying he is focused on Atletico.
"In recent weeks I have tried to isolate myself and not think about the rumors about my future," Falcao told Colombian radio station RCN.
"I do not really know where that information (joining Manchester United) has come from, that is part of the press.
"I'm focused only on Atletico Madrid. I do not let the market rumours affect my performance."
Turning his attentions to the national team, Falcao admits it is his dream to play at a World Cup with Colombia.
"That's the bottom line and what everyone wishes in the national team," Falcao said of qualifying for next summer's World Cup finals in Brazil. "The biggest dream I have is to play a World Cup and be a star
Colombia are currently third in the South American qualifying group and Falcao believes they are well-placed to reach Brazil.
"I think we're on track, although it takes a lot in this group," Falcao added.
"We have important games ahead against Peru and Argentina and it is necessary to get good results because that would allow us to get closer to our goal, which is qualification."


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Cohen returns to Capitol Hill for 4th day of testimony
WASHINGTON (AP) — Michael Cohen, President Donald Trump's former lawyer, turned over documents to lawmakers Wednesday as he tried to back up his claims that a false statement he delivered to Congress in 2017 was edited by the president's attorneys, two people familiar with the case said.
It's unclear who edited the documents or what exactly was changed.
But in public testimony last week on Capitol Hill, Cohen said Trump's attorneys, including Jay Sekulow, had reviewed and edited the written statement he provided to Congress in 2017. Cohen acknowledged in a guilty plea last year that he misled lawmakers by saying he had abandoned the Trump Tower Moscow project in January 2016, when in fact he pursued it for months after that as Trump campaigned for the presidency.
At issue is whether Trump or his lawyers knew that Cohen's statement to Congress would be false, and whether the attorneys had any direct role in crafting it. Cohen has said he believed the president wanted him to lie, but he also said Trump never directed him to do so. It's also unclear whether any of the president's lawyers knew the truth about when the Trump Tower negotiations had ended.
Sekulow has flatly denied ever editing any statement about the duration of the project.
"Testimony by Michael Cohen that attorneys for the President edited or changed his statement to Congress to alter the duration of the Trump Tower Moscow negotiations is completely false," Sekulow said in a statement last week.
Cohen appeared behind closed doors Wednesday before the House intelligence committee, his fourth day of testimony on Capitol Hill as he prepares for a three-year prison sentence for lying to Congress and other charges.
Cohen has become a key figure in congressional investigations since turning on his former boss and cooperating with special counsel Robert Mueller's probe. During last week's public testimony, he called Trump a con man, a cheat and a racist. He was also interviewed privately by both the Senate and House intelligence committees last week.
"I will continue to cooperate to the fullest extent of my capabilities," Cohen said in a short statement to reporters after he finished Wednesday's testimony.
Among the issues discussed in Cohen's closed-door interviews last week was a pardon, according to people familiar with those interviews. They spoke on condition of anonymity to reveal the confidential discussion.
Cohen told Congress last week that he had never asked for and would not accept a pardon from Trump. But that may not be the full story.
According to people with knowledge of the situation, a lawyer for Cohen expressed interest to the Trump legal team in a possible pardon for his client after a raid last April on Cohen's hotel room, home and office. The people spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss it publicly.
The president's attorneys were noncommittal during the conversation with Cohen's lawyer, the people said. Cohen did not participate in the conversation.
No pardon was given, and Cohen ultimately pleaded guilty and is cooperating against the president in separate investigations by the special counsel and by federal prosecutors in New York.
Asked about the pardon issue Tuesday evening, another Cohen attorney, Lanny Davis, said his client was speaking carefully during his public testimony. He acknowledged on MSNBC that Cohen "was certainly looking at the option of a pardon" before he decided to come clean and turn on Trump.
But since then, Davis said, Cohen has been clear that he wouldn't accept a pardon.
Davis said in a statement after Cohen left the intelligence committee interview that he "responded to all questions truthfully" and agreed to provide more information in the future, if needed.
Cohen told reporters as he left the meeting that he would only be back "if they ask."
There is nothing inherently improper about a subject in a criminal investigation seeking a pardon from a president given the president's wide latitude in granting them. But lawmakers have requested information about talks on possible pardons for Cohen and other defendants close to the president who have become entangled in Mueller's investigation.
The intelligence committee investigation is one of several probes Democrats have launched in recent weeks as they delve deeper into Trump's political and personal dealings.
On Monday, House Judiciary Committee Chairman Jerrold Nadler, D-N.Y., sent 81 letters to Trump's family and associates seeking documents and information. Nadler said he would investigate possible obstruction of justice, corruption and abuse of power.
Cohen pleaded guilty to lying to Congress about the duration of negotiations over the Trump real estate project in Moscow. In addition, he pleaded guilty to campaign finance violations for his involvement in payments to two women who allege they had sex with Trump, which Trump denies.
Federal prosecutors in New York have said Trump directed Cohen to arrange the payments to buy the silence of porn actress Stormy Daniels and former Playboy model Karen McDougal in the run-up to the 2016 campaign. Cohen told a judge that he agreed to cover up Trump's "dirty deeds" out of "blind loyalty."
Cohen said in his Oversight testimony that Trump directed him to arrange the hush-money payment to Daniels. He said the president arranged to reimburse Cohen, and Cohen took to the hearing a check that he said was proof of the transaction.
Trump has said Cohen "did bad things unrelated to Trump" and "is lying in order to reduce his prison time."
Associated Press writers Lisa Mascaro, Laurie Kellman and Padma Padmananda in Washington and Michael Sisak in New York contributed to this report.
Follow all of AP's Trump Investigations coverage at https://apnews.com/TrumpInvestigations
The Western Journal has not reviewed this Associated Press story prior to publication. Therefore, it may contain editorial bias or may in some other way not meet our normal editorial standards. It is provided to our readers as a service from The Western Journal.
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The distinctively plain front door is a signature feature of the Eichler style, and one that is perhaps replaced more often than anything else. Yet, points out Peninsula architect David Solnick, owners should carefully consider any such alteration, especially when it includes replacements that are decorative and traditional. "With Eichlers, I specify a solid wood slab, or if the client has the budget for it, I might use steel or even stainless steel, but still with a flush face," he says. "To pick a froo-froo door out of a catalog is a travesty—and the same goes for garage doors. I do not say this because I feel the need to be authentic. I simply think that it's the best design choice. Eichler's original choice of doors was just right!"
Peninsula architect Guy Ayers doesn't minimize the difficulty of finding the right replacement door for an Eichler. "There may be some half-way decent, off-the-shelf modernist doors, but I haven't found any," claims Ayers. "There are a few European and American suppliers of nice interior doors, but 99 percent of the custom exterior-door companies don't do modern. If you want a reasonably priced door, use flat solid-core fir or a paint-grade, exterior-grade door. But since many custom door companies, just like custom cabinet companies, will make whatever you want, you just need a creative designer with an eye for modernism who understands how doors are fabricated."
As Solnick points out, garage doors are another frequently modified aspect of Eichler exteriors, particularly those that slide horizontally. This often happened because unaware homeowners brought in their local garage-door repairer, asking for their doors to be repaired, or even automated, only to be misled by the unscrupulous, who simply wanted to register a bigger sale.
Homeowners are often told by garage-door companies that their original doors can only be automated if they converted to a roll-up style door. That is simply not correct. In fact, homeowners can even add an electric opener to their horizontally sliding doors themselves, as Tod Fitch did to his Sunnyvale Eichler. He used a standard Sears worm drive opener (make sure any opener you buy is UL approved, as required by California code) with optional full extension and photoelectric sensor, and mounted it himself (photos here).
If such a project seems over your head, you may want to call on companies like Artistic Garage Doors on the peninsula. According to Artistic's Ron Fouts, "We use the Genie worm drive opener with some custom brackets to automate Eichler sliders. We do a lot of custom doors, and the Eichler doors are some of the simplest ones for us to work on." Artistic's services include rebuilding Eichler garage-door frames and putting new matching siding on them. "Eichler sliders are the most maintenance free of all types of garage doors," continued Fouts, "because they just hang there! As long as they don't hit against the concrete, they'll last forever."
When it comes to Eichler exteriors, the biggest challenge of all is adding rooms to your Eichler without altering the look of the house from the street or impacting neighbors' privacy. Bay Area architect David Thimgan of the Thimgan Architectural Group claims that the original Eichler design has a powerful influence on design proposals he makes to his clients. "It completely affects my design approach," he explains. "My whole objective is to make the addition or modification an extension of the original design as best as I can interpret it. I want people passing by the house to be unable to tell where the addition begins and where it ends."
Fellow-architect Ayers finds that many Eichler owners typically want to add more space to their homes by adding a bedroom or enlarging the kitchen. "I've been pretty conservative," he confesses. "I try to make the addition look like it's part of the original house."
Eichler owners treasure their rear 'wall of glass,' but all that glass can leave them vulnerable to the actions of their neighbors, particularly to ones that add a second story. Ayers believes that "most of the time it's tough to add a second story to an Eichler and have it look decent. They tend to loom over single-story houses." However, with careful planning, a well-orchestrated addition can accommodate the rights of neighbors, while at the same time maintain the design integrity of the house as viewed from the street. This can best be done by enlisting the services of a qualified architect.


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WHEREAS DNA databases have the potential to improve the fairness and accuracy of our criminal justice system by excluding innocent suspects, exonerating the wrongly convicted and identifying the true guilty parties;
WHEREAS the Federal government and all 50 states and the District of Columbia have laws requiring the collection of DNA samples for criminal investigation purposes, and these laws have increasingly been amended to expand the categories of individuals from whom samples are required;
WHEREAS DNA database laws once limited in scope to serious sex offenders are now being expanded to include all felonies, misdemeanors, arrestees, and juvenile offenders;
WHEREAS DNA samples can reveal extremely sensitive, private information regarding physical and mental traits and the likelihood of the occurrence of genetic conditions and diseases, and, as Justice Brennan wrote in his concurrence in Whalen v. Roe, "The central storage and easy accessibility of computerized data vastly increase the potential for abuse of that information";
WHEREAS expanding DNA databases to include profiles from arrestees will produce an identification system that reflects and possibly exacerbates racially disparate arrest rates, in part because the inclusion of arrestees provides an incentive for pretext and race-based arrests for the purpose of DNA sampling;
WHEREAS the U.S. National Commission on the Future of DNA Evidence, in 2002, recommended against including samples from arrestees on the ground that there were already hundreds of thousands of samples waiting to be analyzed and state crime laboratories do not have the capacity to process more samples;
WHEREAS experience with DNA dragnets in which large numbers of individuals in a geographic area are asked to provide samples, sometimes based on racial descriptions, demonstrates that this law enforcement technique subjects innocent persons to intimidation and harassment by law enforcement officials;
WHEREAS confidentiality and the practice of expunging records are essential to the juvenile justice system's principal goals of treatment and rehabilitation, and policies which undermine the confidentiality of juvenile proceedings distort this rehabilitative model and threaten to stigmatize juvenile offenders;
WHEREAS too many DNA database systems place the burden of expunging records on individuals who have been exonerated of crimes instead of the state, which falsely accused them in the first place;
THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED THAT the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers opposes the creation of a population-wide DNA database and the use of DNA dragnets;
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED THAT the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers opposes the expansion of DNA database laws to require inclusion of DNA profiles from individuals convicted of misdemeanors, juvenile offenders, and arrestees.
BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED THAT the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers supports legislation that requires state and federal authorities to automatically expunge DNA profiles from individuals whose convictions are overturned on appeal or through postconviction proceedings or other mechanisms.
San Antonio, Texas


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Washington, DC—Researchers at Children's National Medical Center have found that a cholesterol-lowering statin drug appears to be safe in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and may improve learning disabilities, including verbal and nonverbal memory. This is the first time that the drug lovastatin has been studied in children with NF1. The study, led by Maria T. Acosta, MD, a pediatric neurologist and researcher at Children's National and clinical director and director of the cognitive program at Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute, appears in the October 2011 issue of Pediatric Neurology.Lovastatin is currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in adults and children for the treatment of high cholesterol. The drug works by inhibiting a specific enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Previous animal studies have found that lovastatin affects a related molecular pathway that may be linked to cognitive deficits in neurofibromatosis."While we originally set out to determine the safety of lovastatin in NF1 patients, we also saw statistical improvements in memory and visual attention, which is a big step towards helping improve our patients' quality of life and in evaluating biologic agents which may be effective therapies for NF1," stated Dr. Acosta. "While this is a relatively small study, we now have strong baseline information, and we are working with other institutions in the country and throughout the world to perform a definitive study to replicate these findings on a larger scale."This Phase I study looked at the safety and efficacy of lovastatin as a treatment for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1, which accounts for the majority of NF cases. Over a period of three months, 24 patients between ages 10-17 years received treatment with lovastatin. Patients were given cognitive functioning tests before and after treatment. All patients maintained normal cholesterol levels throughout the study, and there were some cognitive improvements in memory, visual attention, and efficiency following treatment."The implications for all children with learning disabilities – not only those with NF1 – are of interest to the greater pediatric community, so we hope to move forward quickly through the Consortium to advance this research in NF1 patients in a timely manner," commented Roger Packer, MD, Senior Vice President of the Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Director of the Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute at Children's National, and Group Chair of the Department of Defense Neurofibromatosis Clinical Trials Consortium. The Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute at Children's National is one of the largest institutes in the world and is an international leader in the treatment of neurofibromatosis, a genetic disorder that has an incidence rate of 1 in 3,000 births. Of those affected by neurofibromatosis type 1, upwards of 90 percent of those cases show deficits in motor skills and learning disabilities. NF1 is also associated with an increased incidence of brain tumors and damaging and often disfiguring neurofibromas.
Children's National Health System, based in Washington, D.C., has served the nation's children since 1870. Children's National is one of the nation's Top 5 pediatric hospitals and, for a second straight year, is ranked No. 1 in newborn care, as well as ranked in all specialties evaluated by U.S. News & World Report. It has been designated two times as a Magnet® hospital, a designation given to hospitals that demonstrate the highest standards of nursing and patient care delivery. This pediatric academic health system offers expert care through a convenient, community-based primary care network and specialty outpatient centers in the D.C. Metropolitan area, including the Maryland suburbs and Northern Virginia. Home to the Children's Research Institute and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National is the seventh-highest NIH-funded pediatric institution in the nation. Children's National is recognized for its expertise and innovation in pediatric care and as a strong voice for children through advocacy at the local, regional and national levels.
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The mission of Hillsborough County government is to provide effective quality service at a reasonable cost with courtesy, integrity and accountability in a manner that protects and enhances the quality of life of our diverse population.
Under Florida law, e-mail addresses are public records. If you do not want your e-mail address released in response to a public records request, do not send electronic mail to this entity. Instead, contact this office by phone or in writing.
*Please do not use this system to report emergencies. Please call 9-1-1 to report emergencies.
*Please note: All correspondence is subject to Florida's Public Records laws
2018, Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners


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Pune, Maharashtra, India, August 31 2020 (Wiredrelease) Prudour Pvt. Ltd –: Market.us published a new industry research report on "Positive And Negative Impact Of Coronavirus/Covid-19 on Global Automotive Subwoofer Market with detailed information break-down data by product types, segmentation by application, 2020 leading key players scenario visible among the impact of COVID-19 such as Dual, ZePro, Alpine, Polk Audio, KICKER, Harman, Sony, Rainbow, Rockford Fosgate, Focal, JL Audio, Pioneer, JVC Kenwood, MTX Audio, HiVi, Moral and Edifier.
The Automotive Subwoofer market has been pickup high-quality momentum in the latest years includes a thorough compilation of the quantitative analysis of the industry for a period of 10 years in order to assist players to grow in the market. A more extensive study of the product application and services conducted by subject matter experts assessing the Automotive Subwoofer market displays data in a statistical format to offer a better understanding of the dynamics that will help product owners to make a wise decision.
To Understand How Covid-19 Impact Is Covered In Automotive Subwoofer Market Report | Get PDF Sample Copy of the report at – https://market.us/report/automotive-subwoofer-market/request-sample/
NOTE: Market.us team is review Covid-19 and its impact on various industry verticals and wherever required we will be considering Covid-19 footprints for a better analysis of markets and industries. Cordially get in touch for more details.
This is the latest report covering the current Coronavirus (COVID-19): News and Impact Analysis (2020-2029). The coronavirus pandemic has greatly affected every aspect of the worldwide industry. It has brought along various changes in market conditions. The rapidly changing market scenario and initial and future assessment of the impact are covered in the research report. The report discusses all the major aspects of the market with expert opinions on the current status along with historical data.
Vital Points of the Global Automotive Subwoofer Market Report:
- The report yields a primary overview of the Automotive Subwoofer industry including its definition, economic outlook, key-supply demand analysis and manufacturing technology.
- The report also delves into the major worldwide key prominent players in detail. In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, and production value up to 2029 forecast year, amidst the market shares for each company.
- Through the statistical analysis, the study depicts the global market for Automotive Subwoofer including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, and supply/demand from an international perspective.
- Considering segmentation, the market is divided in terms of product, end-use, company, region, and other important aspects. Each of these categories forms an important base point for competitive landscape analysis.
- The report then estimates the market development and trends of the Automotive Subwoofer industry up to 2029.
- The report hints at crucial information associated with new market developments being undertaken in the Automotive Subwoofer industry before evaluating its feasibility.
Book Latest Edition of Study COVID-19 Impact on Global Automotive Subwoofer Market With Recovery Analysis 2020 @ https://market.us/report/automotive-subwoofer-market/#inquiry
The segments and sub-section of Automotive Subwoofer Market are shown below:
The segmentation is used to decide the target market into smaller sections or segments like product type, application, and geographical regions.
In terms of applications, the Automotive Subwoofer Market can be segmented into:
Passenger Car, Commercial Car.
In terms of Product, the Automotive Subwoofer Market can be segmented into:
Powered Subwoofers, Passive Subwoofers.
Regional Outlook (Revenue in USD Million; 2020-2029)
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia)
Key Reasons to Purchase:
- To gain insightful analyses of the Automotive Subwoofer market and have a comprehensive understanding of the global market and its commercial landscape.
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- To understand the Automotive Subwoofer outlook and prospects for the market.
- Prevalent business strategies by Automotive Subwoofer key market players.
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1. Abstract With Technical Keywords
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Market.us Research Report Guidance
1.3 Market Segmentation
2. Automotive Subwoofer Market: Research Methodology
2.1 Scope of the Study
2.2 Method of Research Verified by Market.us
2.2.1 Data Collection
3.2.2 Primary Interviews
2.2.3 Hypothesis formulation
2.2.4 Macro-economic factor analysis
2.2.5 Developing base number
2.2.6 Data Triangulation
2.2.7 Country-level data
3. Automotive Subwoofer Market Landscape
3.1 Market Overview
3.2 PEST Analysis
3.2.1 North America
3.2.2 Europe
3.3.5 Expert Opinion
4. Impact of Covid-19 on Automotive Subwoofer Segments, By Type
4.1 Introduction
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5. Impact of Covid-19 on Automotive Subwoofer Segments, By Application
5.1 Introduction
6. Impact of Covid-19 on Automotive Subwoofer Segments, By Geographic Analysis
6.1 Introduction
7. Appendix
List of Figures
List of Tables
Author Details
TOC Continued…
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Painter Near Obtuse Hill
Boost the Curb Appeal of Your Fairfield County Home with Professional Landscape Painting from Pro Painters and Restoration
For more than 16 years, Pro Painters and Restoration has been the go-to painting contractor among homeowners in Fairfield County. Using the highest quality supplies, state-of-the-art techniques, proven strategies, and impeccable attention to detail, our team of experts can transform your home with color and deliver exceptional results. If you're looking to hire a professional for your interior and exterior house painting needs, you shouldn't settle for anything less than the best. When you choose Pro Painters and Restoration as your painting contractor, you can have complete confidence knowing that you'll receive the unsurpassed quality that simply can't be beat.
What is Landscape Painting?
At Pro Painters and Restoration, we specialize in all aspects of interior and exterior painting. Whether you need a wall painter who can add a fresh pop of color to your interior walls or you're looking for a painter who can update your siding, our team of professionals has got you covered! We also have another part of your home covered: the landscaping.
The exterior of a house includes much more than just the siding; it also includes porches, decks, fences, garages, patios, and sheds. Like siding, the surfaces of these structures also need to be painted from time-to-time. Constant exposure to the harsh rays of the sun, intense heat, frigid temperatures, rain, wind, snow, sleet, and ice can cause the paint on these elements to fade, chip, and peel. It doesn't matter how perfectly painted your home's siding is or how meticulously maintained your lawn and gardens are, if the surfaces of the outdoor structures on your property are worn-out, tired, and dilapidated, the curb appeal of your home is going to suffer.
That's why Pro Painters and Restoration offers landscape painting services. While other painting contractors in the Fairfield County area may offer exterior painting services, they usually only focus on houses themselves; not the entire property. That's where we're different and what makes us stand out from the crowd. Our team of professionals can paint any and all exterior surfaces of your Obtuse Hill, CT home including:
- Decks
- Porches
- Patios
- Detached garages
- Fences
- Sheds
- Children's playhouses
- Swingsets
You name an outdoor element, Pro Painters and Restoration can paint it!
Why Invest in Landscape Painting?
You want your home to look it's absolute best. Curb appeal has a huge impact on the overall look of your property; it also plays a big part in the way your home feels. If the paint on those outdoor structures – your porch, deck, patio, etc. – is worn out, faded, and damaged, they're going to have a huge impact on your curb appeal; your home isn't going to feel as inviting as you would like it to, either. With landscape painting from Pro Painters and Restoration, your property will instantly look refreshed and revitalized; not to mention, it will feel a lot more welcoming.
When you invest in our landscape painting services, you'll feel a renewed sense of pride in your home. You'll feel proud to show off your property and to invite guests over. Landscape painting will allow you to maximize your outdoor living, as you'll enjoy spending time outdoors on a freshly painted deck, porch, or patio. If you have children, their outdoor play structures will be much more inviting when they're newly painted.
Landscape painting can help you save money, too. Paint protects the surfaces of your outdoor structures; it prevents wood from rotting and stops metal from rusting, for example. Painting these surfaces will preserve the life expectancy of those exterior features, which will save you money in the long run.
Landscape painting will not only make you feel better about the appearance of your home and allow you to enjoy spending more time outdoors, but it will also boost your property value. If you're thinking about putting your house up on the market, freshly painted outdoor structures will draw more attention to your property and may even help you make a faster – and more lucrative – sale.
Pro Painters and Restoration Offers Top-Quality Landscape Painting for Your Obtuse Hill, CT Home
If you're interested in learning more about our landscape painting and the benefits it provides, or you'd like to find out about the other painting services we offer, get in touch with us today! Call 203-948-7540 and one of our friendly and knowledgeable associates will be happy to answer all of your questions and schedule a consultation at a time that's most convenient for you.
At Pro Painters and Restoration, we look forward to helping you get more out of your home with our top-quality, affordable, and reliable painting services.
- Learn more about Obtuse Hill, CT 06614
- Open a Obtuse Hill, CT map
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- View the current Obtuse Hill, CT weather report
- Browse a list of Obtuse Hill, CT public and private schools
- Obtuse Hill, CT is located in Fairfield county in Connecticut State


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Swiss study in mice may lead to new pain drugs
CHICAGO – Enhancing a natural pain-filtering mechanism in the spine helped relieve chronic pain in mice without the unwanted side effects of current pain relievers, Swiss researchers said on Wednesday.
They honed in on a specific molecule that helps prevent chronic pain signals from reaching the brain, without blocking normal pain messages that alert people to danger.
And they said their experiments in mice may point the way to better drugs in humans.
"Our approach addresses primarily chronic pain," said Hanns Zeilhofer of the University of Zurich in an e-mail.
He said analgesics such as aspirin can cause stomach ulcers, while opioids such as morphine make patients sleepy and are addictive.
Zielhofer's idea was to find a way to trick the body into intercepting pain signals before they cause havoc in the brain.
"We know that normally the spinal cord acts as filter for pain signals. It prevents most of the pain signals from reaching the brain, where pain becomes conscious," said Zeilhofer, whose study appears in the journal Nature.
Zeilhofer's team focused on a molecule called GABA that that can inhibit pain signals.
A class of drugs called benzodiazepines, which include diazepam — better known as Valium — bolsters the action of this GABA molecule in the central nervous system. The drugs are used to treat things like anxiety and insomnia, but when injected near the spine, these drugs also relieve pain.
"Problem is, they must not be used in chronic pain patients because of undesired effects that they have in the brain," Zeilhofer said in an e-mail. "They make patients sleepy, they impair memory and can cause addiction."
But benzodiazepines target at least four different GABA receptors that mediate pain control.
"These receptors turned out to be predominately present in the spinal cord and occur in the brain at much less density," he said. By targeting just two of the GABA spinal receptors, they might be able to make a drug that could be used for chronic pain without losing potency or making people sleepy.
To test this, the researchers used genetically engineered mice to target only the GABA receptors in the spine. Then they irritated nerves in the paws of mice, making them more sensitive to touch and measured how fast the mice pulled away when gently touched.
"When we treated the mice with the right drugs, their sensitivity to this touch became normal again," Zeilhofer said. And it worked without unwanted sedation or impaired motor function.
"Normal pain, however, was retained. This is important because normal pain has a protective function as it warns us of tissue damage," he said.
They also used brain scans on rats to see how the drugs worked in certain pain centers that control both the sensation of pain and the feelings of anxiety that pain can produce. The scans showed the drugs reduced pain in these brain regions.
Zeilhofer said the study showed that targeting specific GABA receptors may provide a promising new target for drug development. "The next big challenge will be to develop drugs which work in humans," he said.


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Nevada OKs Golden Gaming, 888 Holdings Partnership
State gaming regulators gave preliminary approval Thursday to a marketing agreement between Golden Gaming and Gibraltar-based 888 Holdings in which the tavern operator could deliver its customers as online poker players to a website that includes Treasure Island.
Under terms of the exclusive marketing agreement, Golden Gaming can sign up customers from its three Pahrump casinos and its 40 wholly owned statewide taverns operations to play online poker on a planned website that will be operated by 888 Holdings, parent company to 888poker.
Golden Gaming would share in a percentage of the gaming revenues with Treasure Island and 888 Holdings.
"It's unique and allows Golden Gaming to market 888's platform to its customers," Golden Gaming attorney Michael Alonso told the Gaming Control Board.
Alonso said Golden Gaming does not have any role in the operation of the website, and is only a marketing vehicle to deliver players. He told regulators the agreement is a way for 888 Holdings to expand its online gaming operation into the locals market and Pahrump. The customer base for Treasure Island, which is owned by Phil Rufin, is the Strip.
Golden Gaming is expected to market the 888 website through various interactive programs and other means.


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African Ministries from Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Botswana, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Gabon, Madagascar, Morocco, Rwanda and Zimbabwe have confirmed to attend the Africa Energy Forum (AEF) to date, which is set to welcome 2,000 decision-makers in Africa's energy sector to Copenhagen this June.
AEF is the annual meeting point for Africa's energy sector for decision-makers to explore investment opportunities, form partnerships and sign deals.
His Excellency Dr Matusila Malungeni, Minister of Energy and Hydraulic Resources, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the latest to confirm his attendance. With the objective of securing positive economic & social outcomes for the DRC, the Minister will present short, medium and long term solutions to achieve the country's electrification aims, discussing proposed tax relief plans for thermal energy suppliers, incentives and support for investors, and strategies to raise funds to explore the country's hydropower potential. "We will aim to raise funds for feasibility studies for more than 500 potential sites throughout the country for hydro and solar power in order to better attract investors."
A platform for African Students
To provide a platform to the energy leaders of tomorrow, the EnergyNet Student Engagement Initiative (ESEI) returns to the Africa Energy Forum this year, flying a selection of best-in-class African law, finance and engineering students to meet sector leaders and explore future employment opportunities. The programme has sponsored 63 African students to date, working closely with universities and partners Aggreko and Norton Rose Fulbright to provide onsite training workshops and meeting opportunities with African Ministers of Energy.
Off grid energy at the Africa Energy Forum
"The Africa Energy Forum focuses primarily on large scale power projects, supporting the public and private sectors to get projects off the ground and connected to the grid. However, given that 600 million people live without access to basic energy in Africa, increasingly investors are looking off grid to the areas not serviced by national grids taken for granted in developing countries," commented Simon Gosling, Managing Director of EnergyNet.
To address this demand, the Africa Energy Forum 2017 will see the return of the Off the Grid Village area as a destination and networking hub for the Energy Access and Off Grid Community. The area will feature exhibition stands for leading off grid companies, dedicated networking functions and an off grid agenda stream hosting panels, workshops demonstrations and seminars to showcase leading off grid solutions, services and expertise.
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Wondering if you can ship WeddingDream orders faster? Actually, you can - just connect WeddingDream + Whistl accounts to BaseLinker. We offer both integrations and a wide range of tools to speed up the dispatch process. For years BaseLinker has been developed to automate the work of retailers.
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Home > Visiting Us
Visiting Us
The Oberlin College Archives are located on the fourth floor of Mudd Library. New program space in the Mudd Center was dedicated in 1974, in the memory of Miss Margaret Morfoot, where the present archival holdings are housed in two main vaults: one vault is on the northwest side of the fourth floor, Room 420, and a second one is on the south side of the same floor, Room 407A. In order to best assist you during your visit, please Contact Us to make an appointment. Walk-ins are also welcome.
If you are visiting from out of town, take a look at the Visiting Oberlin page for information on accommodations, transportation, and other travel arrangements.
Requesting Records
When asking Archives staff to retrieve records, users should provide all the levels of description as listed in the inventory. For example, users requesting specific information from the records of the College of Arts and Sciences would ask for Record Group 9, Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, Subgroup IV, College of Arts and Sciences Academic Departments and Programs, Series 2, Academic Programs, Subseries 1, Campus Programs, Box 5, Independent Study Project. For more information, see Reference Services.
Reading Room Guidelines
The College Archives welcomes all members of the College community as well as registered users and asks them only to follow a few operational rules:
- Patrons are asked to register/sign-in if they are here to use collections for research. Students visiting as part of a class are also asked to sign-in.
- All historical materials must be used in the Archives/Special Collections Goodrich Reading Room (Mudd 410) or other area designated by staff.
- Coats, bags, umbrellas etc. should be left on the hooks and in the lockers provided for that purpose in the hallway.
- No food or drinks are allowed in the Goodrich Room.
- Researchers are asked to work quietly, put their cell phones on vibrate and take/make calls in the corridor.
- Researchers should use pencil in taking notes and must handle records with utmost care. Handling information will be provided on a case-by-case basis.
- Researchers are asked to wash their hands prior to using collections and in some instances may be required to wear cotton gloves.
- Some records contain restrictions. Conditions on access exist to protect individual privacy or confidential information. In these cases, the Archivist or the creating office can sometimes grant permission to gain access to the records.
- The College Archives offers photocopying and some .pdf scanning services for a fee of 40 cents per page. For higher resolution images please see our Permissions & Reproductions guidelines. All work is done by our staff. We can direct requests for continuous tone photographic reproductions to an outside vendor.
- Patrons can make full use of laptop computers. The Goodrich Room is equipped with power outlets, data ports, and wireless Internet. More limited use of hand held digital cameras in the Reading Room is permitted. Camera flash is not permitted.


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Watch Full The D Train in Best QualityNow you can download full The D Train in best look with duration 101 Min and has been launched in 2015-05-08 and MPAA rating is 29.
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- Year of movie : 2015
- Genres of movie : Comedy,
- Status of movie : Released
- Release date of movie : 2015-05-08
- Companies of movie : Ealing Studios, Electric Dynamite, Rip Cord Productions, Londinium Films,
- Countries of movie : United Kingdom, United States of America,
- Language of movie : English,
- Durationof movie : 101 Min
- Average vote of movie : 3.9
- Youtube ID of movie : A4vqHV44eZE
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- Actors of movie :James Marsden (Oliver Lawless), Jack Black (Dan Landsman), Kathryn Hahn (Stacey), Jeffrey Tambor (Bill Shurmur), Mike White (Jerry), Kyle Bornheimer (Randy), Henry Zebrowski (Craig), Corrina Lyons (Lucy), Donna DuPlantier (Taj), Denise Williamson (Alyssa), Han Soto (Dale Harkin), Dermot Mulroney (Himself), Mariana Paola Vicente (Hot Girl)
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Concrete is the most widely used structural material on the planet, but it has a niggling habit of breaking down over time, giving rise to cracks, pits and holes that require expensive repairs or replacement. But what if concrete could mend itself? It turns out such a material already exists - and it could be used in a building near you in as little as 2-3 years.
The material in question is called "bio-concrete." Born out of a collaboration between microbiologist Henk Jonkers and concrete technologist Eric Schlangen, the cost-saving, self-healing material is a living mixture of concrete, bacterial spores, and microbe-sustaining nourishment in the form of calcium lactate. When the biomaterial is exposed to water (one of the many things known to contribute to the degradation of concrete), the bacteria set to work converting calcium lactate into calcite, which fills in surrounding cracks.
According to the BBC, Jonkers and Schlangen have demonstrated the bacteria's ability to repair cracks up to half a millimeter wide (see the video below for a side-by-side comparison of cracks and holes before and after healing). Now, the researchers are bringing their concrete out of the lab for some practical, real-world testing.
Jonkers says the system could be ready for commercialization in 2-3 years. Assuming all goes well, he says the biggest hurdles will be in upscaling - producing the bacteria in large quantities, and ensuring that they can survive the mixing process.


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'Nuff Said!
Tuesday, March 19, 2013
1986-87 - Joe Jusko's covers for The Savage Sword of Conan
Posted by Jason Shayer at 7:00 AM
Labels: 1986, 1987, Conan, Joe Jusko, Marvel Comics, Robert E. Howard, The Savage Sword of Conan
3 comments:
I was just a puppy when I painted these! Thanks for the post! Great memories. Loved working on SSOC!ReplyDelete
You're more than welcome. I love how each of them has their own rhythm and feel.ReplyDelete
Joe did some of my favorite Conan covers. As a kid in the 80's my mom always bought me a bunch of Savage Sword mags for my stocking. Joe was one of the first artists I recognized. I was lucky enough to get an awesome Conan drawing from him a few years back. It's great he's back doing the John Carter covers.ReplyDelete
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Wynard and Walters '14 give lecture on new state education mandates
Jun 06, 2014
Tammy Wynard, North Central College visiting instructor of health and physical education and coordinator of the health education and wellness programs, was invited by the Illinois School Health Association Board to present at the April 2014 annual conference held in Lombard. She, along with Alyssa Walters '14, health and physical education major, spoke with more than 50 health education teachers and administrators about the new Illinois mandates in sexual health education.
The session provided an overview of the 2014 Illinois Sexual Health Education Mandate that indicates if a school district chooses to provide sex education courses, curricula is required to be developmentally and age appropriate, medically accurate, evidence-based and complete. Wynard and Walters then broke down the definitions of each, giving examples of what medically accurate, developmentally and age appropriate, and complete means according to the mandate.
They also provided steps for approaching administrators or parents who may be in opposition to the curriculum, as well as accountability expectations from the regional and state Offices of Education were discussed.
The session included information and resources on the newly enacted Erin's Law, which requires schools Pre-K through 12th grade to provide sexual abuse and assault awareness at every grade level.
Wynard joined North Central's faculty in 2011. She earned a B.S. in community health education/speech communications from Illinois State University and an M.S. in school and college health education from Indiana University.


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The Curtis School is an independent elementary school nestled into the chaparral and sagebrush covered hillsides along Mulholland Drive in the Santa Monica Mountains. Curtis students share the space in and around campus with a vibrant natural community of plants and animals. The following images are part of a feature on some of these amazing creatures (most of whom were discovered on campus by the students themselves).Read More
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