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Hydrocephalic skull.jpg| Hydrocephalus ICD-10 G91, Q03 ICD-9 331.3, 331.4, 741.0, 742.3 OMIM [1] EnfermedadesDB 6123 Medline Plus 001571 eMedicine neuro/161 MeSH {{{Número de malla}}} Hydrocephalus (pronunciation IPA: /ˌhaɪˌdɹoʊˈsɛfələs/) is a term derived from the Greek words "hydro" meaning water, y "cephalus" meaning head, and this condition is sometimes known as "water in the brain". People with this condition have abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain. This may cause increased intracranial pressure inside the skull and progressive enlargement of the head, convulsion, and mental disability. Hydrocephalus is usually due to blockage of CSF outflow in the ventricles or in the subarachnoid space over the brain. In a normal healthy person, CSF continuously circulates through the brain and its ventricles and the spinal cord and is continuously drained away into the circulatory system. In a hydrocephalic situation, the fluid accumulates in the ventricles, and the skull may become enlarged because of the great volume of fluid pressing against the brain and skull. Alternativamente, the condition may result from an overproduction of the CSF fluid, from a congenital malformation blocking normal drainage of the fluid, or from complications of head injuries or infections.[1] Infants and young children with hydrocephalus typically have abnormally large heads, because the pressure of the fluid causes the individual skull bones — which have yet to fuse — to bulge outward at their juncture points. Compression of the brain by the accumulating fluid eventually may cause convulsions and mental retardation. Hydrocephalus occurs in about one out of every 500 nacidos vivos[2] and was routinely fatal until surgical techniques for shunting the excess fluid out of the central nervous system and into the blood or abdomen were developed. Usually, hydrocephalus need not cause any intellectual impairment if recognized and properly treated. A massive degree of hydrocephalus rarely exists in normally functioning people, though such a rarity may occur if onset is gradual rather than sudden.[3] Contenido 1 Historia 2 Epidemiología 3 Patología 4 Types of hydrocephalus and their etiologies 4.1 Communicating hydrocephalus 4.2 Non-communicating hydrocephalus 4.3 Congenital hydrocephalus 4.4 Acquired hydrocephalus 5 Síntomas 6 Efectos 7 Tratamiento 7.1 Shunt complications 8 Shunts in Developing Countries 9 Exceptional case 10 Ver también 11 Referencias 12 External links History Hydrocephalus was first described by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, but it remained an intractable condition until the 20th century, when shunts and other neurosurgical treatment modalities were developed. The condition has been often informally referred to as "water on the brain". Epidemiology Hydrocephalus affects one in every 500 nacidos vivos, making it one of the most common birth defects, more common than Down syndrome or deafness.[2] According to the NIH website, there are an estimated 700,000 children and adults living with hydrocephalus, and it is the leading cause of brain surgery for children in the United States. There are over 180 different causes of the condition, one of the most common being brain hemorrhage associated with premature birth. One of the most performed treatments for hydrocephalus, the cerebral shunt, has not changed much since it was developed in 1960. The shunt must be implanted through neurosurgery into the patient's brain, a procedure which itself may cause brain damage. Un estimado 50% of all shunts fail within two years, requiring further surgery to replace the shunts. In the past 25 años, death rates associated with hydrocephalus have decreased from 54% Para 5% and the occurrence of intellectual disability has decreased from 62% to 30%. In the United States, the healthcare costs for hydrocephalus has exceeded $1 billion per year, but is still much less funded than research on other diseases including juvenile diabetes.[4] Pathology The elevated intracranial pressure may cause compression of the brain, leading to brain damage and other complications. Conditions among affected individual vary widely. Children who have had hydrocephalus may have very small ventricles, and presented as the "normal case". This is the problem with this condition. If the foramina (pl.) of the fourth ventricle or the cerebral aqueduct are blocked, cereobrospinal fluid (CSF) can accumulate within the ventricles. This condition is called internal hydrocephalus and it results in increased CSF pressure. The production of CSF continues, even when the passages that normally allow it to exit the brain are blocked. Por consiguiente, fluid builds inside the brain causing pressure that compresses the nervous tissue and dilates the ventricles. Compression of the nervous tissue usually results in irreversible brain damage. If the skull bones are not completely ossified when the hydrocephalus occurs, the pressure may also severely enlarge the head. The cerebral aqueduct may be blocked at the time of birth or may become blocked later in life because of a tumor growing in the brainstem. Internal hydrocephalus can be successfully treated by placing a drainage tube (shunt) between the brain ventricles and abdominal cavity to eliminate the high internal pressures. There is some risk of infection being introduced into the brain through these shunts, sin embargo, and the shunts must be replaced as the person grows. A subarachnoid hemorrhage may block the return of CSF to the circulation. If CSF accumulates in the subarachnoid space, the condition is called external hydrocephalus. In this condition, pressure is applied to the brain externally, compressing neural tissues and causing brain damage. Thus resulting in further damage of the brain tissue and leading to necrotization Types of hydrocephalus and their etiologies Hydrocephalus can be caused by impaired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, reabsorption, or excessive CSF production. The most common cause of hydrocephalus is CSF flow obstruction, hindering the free passage of cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricular system and subarachnoid space (p. ej.., stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct or obstruction of the interventricular foramina - foramina of Monro secondary to tumors, hemorrhages, infections or congenital malformations). Hydrocephalus can also be caused by overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid (relative obstruction) (p. ej.., papilloma of choroid plexus). Based on its underlying mechanisms, hydrocephalus can be classified into communicating, and non-communicating (obstructive). Both communicating and non-communicating forms can be either congenital, or acquired. Communicating hydrocephalus Communicating hydrocephalus, also known as non-obstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by impaired cerebrospinal fluid resorption in the absence of any CSF-flow obstruction. It has been theorized that this is due to functional impairment of the arachnoid granulations, which are located along the superior sagittal sinus and is the site of cerebrospinal fluid resorption back into the venous system. Various neurologic conditions may result in communicating hydrocephalus, including subarachnoid/intraventricular hemorrhage, meningitis, Chiari malformation, and congenital absence of arachnoidal granulations (Pacchioni's granulations). Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a particular form of communicating hydrocephalus, characterized by enlarged cerebral ventricles, with only intermittently elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The diagnosis of NPH can be established only with the help of continuous intraventricular pressure recordings (sobre 24 hours or even longer), since more often than not, instant measurements yield normal pressure values. Dynamic compliance studies may be also helpful. Altered compliance (elasticity) of the ventricular walls, as well as increased viscosity of the cerebrospinal fluid, may play a role in the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Artículo principal: normal pressure hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus ex vacuo also refers to an enlargement of cerebral ventricles and subarachnoid spaces, and is usually due to brain atrophy (as it occurs in dementias), post-traumatic brain injuries and even in some psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. As opposed to hydrocephalus, this is a compensatory enlargement of the CSF-spaces in response to brain parenchyma loss - it is not the result of increased CSF pressure. Non-communicating hydrocephalus Non-communicating hydrocephalus, or obstructive hydrocephalus, is caused by a CSF-flow obstruction (either due to external compression or intraventricular mass lesions). Foramen of Monro obstruction may lead to dilation of one or, if large enough (p. ej.., in colloid cyst), both lateral ventricles. The aqueduct of Sylvius, normally narrow to begin with, may be obstructed by a number of genetically or acquired lesions (p. ej.., atresia, ependymitis, hemorrhage, tumor) and lead to dilatation of both lateral ventricles as well as the third ventricle. Fourth ventricle obstruction will lead to dilatation of the aqueduct as well as the lateral and third ventricles. The foramina of Luschka and foramen of Magendie may be obstructed due to congenital failure of opening (p. ej.., Dandy-Walker malformation). The subarachnoid space surrounding the brainstem may also be obstructed due to inflammatory or hemorrhagic fibrosing meningitis, leading to widespread dilatation, including the fourth ventricle. Congenital hydrocephalus The cranial bones fuse by the end of the third year of life. For head enlargement to occur, hydrocephalus must occur before then. The causes are usually genetic but can also be acquired and usually occur within the first few months of life, which include 1) intraventricular matrix hemorrhages in premature infants, 2) infections, 3) type II Arnold-Chiari malformation, 4) aqueduct atresia and stenosis, y 5) Dandy-Walker malformation. Main article: Arnold-Chiari malformation In newborns and toddlers with hydrocephalus, the head circumference is enlarged rapidly and soon surpasses the 97th%. Since the skull bones have not yet firmly joined together, saltón, firm anterior and posterior fontanelles may be present even when the patient is in an upright position. The infant exhibits fretfulness, poor feeding, and frequent vomiting. As the hydrocephalus progresses, torpor sets in, and the infant shows lack of interest in his surroundings. Mas tarde, the upper eyelids become retracted and the eyes are turned downwards (due to hydrocephalic pressure on the mesencephalic tegmentum and paralysis of upward gaze). Movements become weak and the arms may become tremulous. Papilledema is absent but there may be reduction of vision. The head becomes so enlarged that the child may eventually be bedridden. About 80-90% of fetuses or newborn infants with spina bifida - often associated with meningocele or myelomeningocele - develop.[hydrocephalus.[5] Acquired hydrocephalus This condition is acquired as a consequence of CNS-infections, meningitis, brain tumors, head trauma, intracranial hemorrhage (subarachnoid or intraparenchymal) and is usually extremely painful for the patient. Symptoms Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure may include headaches, vómitos, Náuseas, papilledema, sleepiness, or coma. Elevated intracranial pressure may result in uncal and/or cerebellar tonsill herniation, with resulting life threatening brain stem compression. For details on other manifestations of increased intracranial pressure: Artículo principal: intracranial pressure The triad (Hakim triad) of gait instability, urinary incontinence and dementia is a relatively typical manifestation of the distinct entity normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). The triad can easily be remembered as "Wacky, Wet, and Wobbly!" Focal neurological deficits may also occur, such as abducens nerve palsy and vertical gaze palsy (Parinaud syndrome due to compression of the quadrigeminal plate, where the neural centers coordinating the conjugated vertical eye movement are located). Artículo principal: normal pressure hydrocephalus Effects Because hydrocephalus injures the brain, thought and behavior may be adversely affected. Learning disabilities are common among those with hydrocephalus, who tend to score better on verbal IQ than on performance IQ, which is thought to reflect the distribution of nerve damage to the brain. Sin embargo, the severity of hydrocephalus differs considerably between individuals and some are of average or above average intelligence. Someone with hydrocephalus may have motivation and visual problems, problemas con la coordinación, and may be clumsy. They may hit puberty earlier than the average child (see precocious puberty). About one in four develops epilepsy. Because the problem resides inside the head, doctors rely heavily upon computer tomography scanning (CT scans), which may be used frequently to evaluate the condition of the disorder throughout the patient's life. Each CT scan exposes the patient to many times the level of x-ray radiation of a chest x-ray. See CT radiation exposure. Treatment Hydrocephalus treatment is surgical. It involves the placement of a ventricular catheter (a tube made of silastic), into the cerebral ventricles to bypass the flow obstruction/malfunctioning arachnoidal granulations and drain the excess fluid into other body cavities, from where it can be resorbed. Most shunts drain the fluid into the peritoneal cavity (ventriculo-peritoneal shunt), but alternative sites include the right atrium (ventriculo-atrial shunt), pleural cavity (ventriculo-pleural shunt), and gallbladder. A shunt system can also be placed in the lumbar space of the spine and have the CSF redirected to the peritoneal cavity (LP Shunt). An alternative treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus in selected patients is the endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), whereby a surgically created opening in the floor of the third ventricle allows the CSF to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby shortcutting any obstruction, as in aqueductal stenosis. This may or may not be appropriate based on individual anatomy. Shunt complications Examples of possible complications include shunt malfunction, shunt failure, and shunt infection. Although a shunt generally works well, it may stop working if it disconnects, becomes blocked (clogged), infected, or it is outgrown. If this happens the cerebrospinal fluid will begin to accumulate again and a number of physical symptoms will develop (headaches, Náuseas, vómitos, photophobia/light sensitivity), some extremely serious, like seizures. The shunt failure rate is also relatively high (some sources site up to 45% chance of shunt failure in the first year following placement) and it is not uncommon for patients to have multiple shunt revisions within their lifetime. The diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid buildup is complex and requires specialist expertise. Another complication can occur when CSF drains more rapidly than it is produced by the choroid plexus, causing symptoms - Apatía, severe headaches, irritabilidad, light sensitivity, sound sensitivity, Náuseas, vómitos, mareo, vertigo, migraines, convulsiones, a change in personality, weakness in the arms or legs, excessive head growth (seen infants, children under age 2), strabismus, and double vision - to appear when the patient is vertical. If the patient lies down, the symptoms usually vanish in a short amount of time. A CT scan may or may not show any change in ventricle size, particularly if the patient has a history of slit-like ventricles. Difficulty in diagnosing overdrainage can make treatment of this complication particularly frustrating for patients and their families. Resistance to traditional analgesic pharmacological therapy may also be sign of shunt overdrainage or failure. Diagnosis of the particular complication usually depends on when the symptoms appear. Shunts in Developing Countries Since the cost of shunt systems from many developed countries is beyond the reach of common people in developing countries, most of them die without even getting a shunt. And the worse is the rate of revision in shunt systems that adds to the cost of shunting many times. Looking at this point, a study done by Dr. BENJAMIN C. WARF comparing different shunt systems and highliting the role of low cost shunt system in most of the developing countries. This study has been published in Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics May 2005 issue. It is about comparing Chhabra shunt system to those of the shunt systems from developed countries. The study was done in Uganda and the shunts were donated by International Federation for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus. Exceptional case One interesting case involving a person with past hydrocephalus was a 44-year old French man, whose brain had been reduced to little more than a thin sheet of actual brain tissue, due to the buildup of fluid in his skull. The man, who had a shunt inserted into his head to drain away fluid (which was removed when he was 14), went to a hospital after he had been experiencing mild weakness in his left leg. File:DWS empty head.jpg DWS: All of the black in the middle is water and the brain matter is the rim of white along the outside of the skull. This is a screen shot from a Fox News report. In July of 2007, Fox News quoted Dr. Lionel Feuillet of Hopital de la Timone in Marseille as saying: "The images were most unusual... the brain was virtually absent."[6] When doctors learned of the man's medical history, they performed a computed tomography (Connecticut) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and were astonished to see "massive enlargement" of the lateral ventricles in the skull. Intelligence tests showed the man had an IQ of 75, below the average score of 100 but not considered mentally retarded or disabled, either. Remarkably, the man was a married father of two children, and worked as a civil servant, leading a normal life, despite having little brain tissue. "What I find amazing to this day is how the brain can deal with something which you think should not be compatible with life," commented Dr. Max Muenke, a pediatric brain defect specialist at the National Human Genome Research Institute. "If something happens very slowly over quite some time, maybe over decades, the different parts of the brain take up functions that would normally be done by the part that is pushed to the side."[7] See also Acquired hydrocephalus (causes of it) CNS-infections Meningitis Brain tumors Head trauma Intracranial hemorrhage Arachnoid granulation Arnold–Chiari malformation Cerebral shunt HEC syndrome Normal pressure hydrocephalus Spina bifida References ↑ "Hydrocephalus Fact Sheet", National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (Agosto 2005). ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Eat your way to a better brain for your baby December 2005. Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) ↑ "Man with tiny brain shocks doctors", Científico nuevo (2007-07-20). ↑ Need For Increased Federal Funding of Type 1 Diabetes Research JDRF ↑ wwww.spinabifidamoms.com ↑ "Man with Almost No Brain Has Led Normal Life", Fox News (2007-07-25). Also see "Tiny brain, normal life; French doctors are puzzling over the case of 44-year-old civil servant who has led a quite normal life -- but with an extraordinarily tiny brain", Physorg.com (2007-07-20); "Tiny Brain, Normal Life", ScienceDaily (2007-07-24). ↑ Man Lives Normal Life Despite Having Abnormal Brain External links Organisations/Groups/Patients International Federation for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (IF), the umbrella organisation for national spina bifida and hydrocephalus organisations Hydrocephalus Association at hydroassoc.org, US Hydrocephalus Research Guild, a special interest guild of Children's Hospital Guild Association in Seattle, WA Social site dedicated to hydrocephalus at gabrielslife.org, US Journal Of Neurosurgery Further information Information on fetal hydrocephalus at fetalhydrocephalus.com Is the brain really necessary? at flatrock.org.nz Neuropathology, incl. hydrocephalus, #7 (Uni Washington) Lecture material on nervous systems, incl. CSF flow (excellent diagrams, Kellogg Community College) Chiari malformation (Uni Washington Clinic) Hydrocephalus symptoms & treatment Children's hospital, Seattle Uganda: a prospective study in 195 children Treatment Hydrocephalus symptoms & treatment Children's hospital, Seattle Surgery on Chinese boy's deformed skull Shunts in Africa Research Cerebrospinal Fluid Research, an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal that considers manuscripts on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease. Forum http://www.arnold-chiari.com/ Forum Arnold-Chiari REDIRECT Template:CNS diseases of the nervous system v·d·e Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system (Q00–Q07, 740–742) Cerebro [. v]·[. d]·[. e] Neural tube defect Anencephaly Acephaly Acrania Acalvaria Iniencephaly Encephalocele Arnold–Chiari malformation Other Microcephaly Congenital hydrocephalus Dandy–Walker syndrome other reduction deformities Holoprosencephaly Lissencephaly Pachygyria Hydranencephaly Septo-optic dysplasia Megalencephaly CNS cyst Porencephaly Schizencephaly Polymicrogyria Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria Spinal cord [. v]·[. d]·[. e] Neural tube defect Spina bifida Rachischisis Other Currarino syndrome Diastomatomyelia Syringomyelia {| clase="navbox plegable nowraplinks" estilo="margen:auto; " [. v]·[. d]·[. e] M: CNS anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr proc, droga (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D) |} Esta página utiliza contenido con licencia Creative Commons de Wikipedia (ver autores).
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WALTHAM — Wielding a glass mortar and pestle, pharmacy intern Joanne Lee mixes liquid medication used to treat parasites. It's grape-flavored, to appeal to a child's palate. At a nearby work station, a worker clad in gloves, mask, lab coat, boots, and hairnet weighs powder under a protective hood. Other technicians at Johnson Compounding & Wellness Center prepare hormone cream, produce vitamins, and heat a viscous gel to make a customized suppository.
The pristine, brightly lighted laboratory, visible behind a wall of windows at the back of the store, provides a glimpse of a niche area of drug preparation that has been abruptly thrust into the spotlight. A widening outbreak of fungal meningitis linked to steroids made by a Framingham compounding pharmacy has focused scrutiny on the regulation of such businesses. But much about how compounding pharmacies function, and even what compounding really is, has remained obscure.
The New England Compounding Center, the pharmacy implicated in the infections, was apparently preparing drugs for bulk, nationwide distribution, raising questions about why it was not licensed and held to the standards of a manufacturer. But such broad distribution is not what most compounding pharmacies are set up to do. Instead, they predominantly serve a limited geographic region — filling individual prescriptions for patients and often developing specialties based on the needs of their clients, pharmacists say.
Stephen and Diane Bernardi met in pharmacy school and bought Johnson Compounding in 1987. When they took over the brick pharmacy on Main Street, Stephen Bernardi recalled, his parents helped clean it up. It was decidedly conventional then, filling many run-of-the-mill prescriptions, the shelves stocked with cigarettes, perfume, and makeup. But over the years the custom medication business grew, as the proliferation of chain stores meant increased competition for filling standard prescriptions.
"I liked compounding better; people could get the regular stuff anywhere," said Stephen Bernardi, who began working in a Framingham pharmacy when he was 14 years old.
Today, his pharmacy's shelves are stocked with herbal teas and natural medicines, and the sound of water burbles in the background, creating a spa-like atmosphere. But behind the counter, it is all business as pharmacists bustle, checking formulations. In a back room, four pharmacy technicians receive 80 to 100 prescriptions a day. They put orders into an organized row of boxes mounted on the wall, and formulations are checked by three people before filling.
Johnson Compounding has two laboratories — one for sterile drug preparation, one for other drugs. Both are protected, separated from the rest of the pharmacy by two sets of doors, air filters, sticky mats, and other measures to prevent contamination.
The sterile room — where injectable drugs or preservative-free eyedrops are made — is restricted to workers who are specifically trained. Pharmacists regularly perform a "fingertip test," in which they touch their gloved fingertip to a lab dish, then incubate that sample and examine and document whether bacteria or other pathogens are present.
Pharmacies such as these are not preparing and shipping thousands of vials of drugs, but play a crucial role for patients and doctors who need specialty formulations. Compounders make drugs for children who may need a different dose, concoct medications from raw ingredients to leave out substances that could cause an allergic reaction, create doses appropriate for a pet, or prepare treatments not otherwise available.
"Historically, this was a specialized niche, almost a boutique type of pharmacy practice," said David G. Miller, chief executive of the International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists, a professional association.
As the compounding pharmacy business has grown, Miller said, it has also become more diverse. Some companies focus on one specialty, such as veterinary medicine. About 1 percent to 3 percent of US prescriptions are compounded, Miller said.
The Pharmacy Compounding Accreditation Board conducts an extensive two-day site visit at Johnson Compounding & Wellness Center every three years. The accreditation is voluntary, but it is a stamp of approval intended to confirm that everything is in compliance.
Policies and procedures are reviewed, and testing logs are examined. Certificates showing the potency and sterility of drugs are inspected, and facilities and equipment are scoured. Johnson Compounding sends two drugs each week for potency and sterility testing.
New England Compounding Center did not have such accreditation.
Bernardi said he would favor mandatory accreditation.
Todd Brown, executive director of the Massachusetts Independent Pharmacists Association, said 120 independent pharmacists — essentially mom-and-pop stores — are members, with only three to four dozen doing compounding as a significant portion of their business.
He said that he has not heard concerns from members about the state's new order, announced Wednesday, requiring all compounders in Massachusetts to sign an affidavit stating that they abide by state regulations prohibiting compounders from mass-producing medications.
Brown said his members are worried the entire field will be tainted by New England Compounding.
"These are pharmacies that go to great lengths to help patients," Brown said. "So, to see this associated with a compounding pharmacy has a lot of my members upset with this situation."
Carolyn Y. Johnson can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @carolynyjohnson.

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Mozilla's Firefox OS isn't slated to debut until later this year, but the Firefox-maker introduced a Firefox OS developer preview phone Tuesday that will soon be available for purchase. The developer handset isn't a consumer phone; it is meant as a tool for people who intend to make apps for the new Firefox smartphone platform. The device does, however, provide a general idea of what to expect when Firefox OS handsets debut in the coming months.
Unlike Android, BlackBerry, iOS, or Windows Phone, Firefox OS is based entirely on Web technologies such as HTML 5 and JavaScript. This includes basic functions such as the dialer, address book, calendar, and third-party apps designed for the platform. Mozilla claims that using more lightweight Web programming tools instead of a more traditional programming language such as Objective-C (iOS) or Java (Android) means you can offer a full-featured smartphone with lower-powered specs at a cheaper price.
The first round of Firefox OS phones are expected to appear in Brazil in 2013. It's not clear when Firefox OS would show up in the U.S., but Sprint has pledged to support the new smartphone platform.
The official Firefox OS developer preview phone, dubbed the Keon, certainly qualifies as a low-powered device. The Keon more closely resembles smartphones from 2010 like the Nexus One than the current crop of quad-core, 4- and 5-inch display behemoths with LTE connectivity. The Keon features a 3.5-inch HVGA display, 1GHz Snapdragon S1 processor, a 3 megapixel camera, 4GB onboard storage, 512MB RAM, a microSD slot, 802.11n Wi-Fi, 3G and Edge cellular connectivity, light and proximity sensors, an accelerometer, GPS and a microUSB port. The device also has a 1580mAh battery, comes unlocked, and will receive over-the-air software updates.
The Keon was developed in partnership with Geeksphone, a company based in Spain, as well as Telefónica, the Spanish telecom that will roll out Firefox OS consumer devices in Brazil in 2013.
Geeksphone also will offer a more upscale developer preview phone called the Peak. Mozilla, however, did not mention the Peak in its announcement. The Peak features a 1.2GHz dual-core Snapdragon S4 processor, 4.3-inch qHD display, an 8MP rear-facing camera, a 2MP front-facing camera, 4GB storage and 512MB RAM. The Peak includes similar specs to the Keon including a microSD slot, 802.11n Wi-Fi, light and proximity sensors, an accelerometer, GPS and a microUSB port. But the device also has a camera flash, and an 1800mAh battery. The Peak is also a non-LTE phone featuring 3G and Edge connectivity.
Pricing was not announced, but the devices are slated for February availability via the Geeksphone website.
If you are not a developer, but would like to check out Firefox OS, several options are available. The easiest thing to do is to download the Firefox Aurora Marketplace for Android phones to get an idea of what to expect in terms of apps from Firefox OS. Since the apps are Web-based they should run on any modern smartphone. If you'd like to try out the smartphone OS itself, you can run Firefox OS inside an emulator on your desktop.


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The Whatcom County Shoreline Management Program (SMP),
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The Whatcom County SMP works with other chapters of the Whatcom County Code to protect and preserve saltwater and freshwater shorelines throughout the county by managing natural resources and directing development and land use suitable for the shoreline environment.
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Celebrity News January 30, 2014
Miley Goes Country for 'MTV Unplugged,' But Still Twerks on Madonna and a Horse
In case you forgot, Miley Cyrus used to be a country girl, so naturally her "MTV Unplugged" special was part hoedown, part twerkathon!
Miley added Southern flair all the way around. Her countrified fashion included a tight gingham getup paired with a blonde wig, followed by a head-to-toe bedazzled denim number accessorized with a cowboy hat!
Adding to the country vibe, was a horse onstage acting as a back up dancer and twerking partner!
The music was stripped down. While she performed her hits like "Wrecking Ball" and "Adore You," Cyrus added a little Dolly Parton to the mix, covering "Jolene."
The most anticipated song of the night was the Cyrus and Madonna duet. The pair teamed up for a mashup of "Don't Tell Me" and "We Can't Stop."
They didn't kiss, but Madonna did do all of Miley's signature moves from twerking to tongue wagging. Madge even wore a cowboy hat!


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The Canadian government's decision to scrap its "Immigrant Investor Program" leaves 46,000 wealthy Chinese who had planned to emigrate to Canada, or at least move their money and families there, searching for a new home.
The decision, announced in finance minister Finance Minister Jim Flaherty's budget on Feb. 10, effectively tosses out 59,000 pending visa applications, 70% of them from China, according to the South China Morning Post. Under the terms of the program, applicants with a net worth of over C$1.6 million (US $1.5 million) agreed to give the Canadian government an interest-free, C$800,000 loan for five years in exchange for a resident visa that could lead to citizenship.
The program drew a flood of mainland Chinese applicants via the Canadian consulate in Hong Kong, forcing Canada to freeze the approval process in mid-2012. Part of the problem was that visa program was priced too low, Canada said, undervaluing Canadian permanent residence. There was also "little evidence that immigrant investors as a class are maintaining ties to Canada or making a positive economic contribution to the country," the budget says (pdf, pg. 89).
In addition to leaving tens of thousands of Chinese citizens in the lurch, the end of the program may also devastate the property market in Vancouver, where real estate agents estimate that Chinese buyers are responsible for 80 to 90% of the deals in some wealthy neighborhoods.
China's wealthy, after making their money from real estate, investments, and shadier sources of income like black market trading and corruption, have been eager to move their families and assets abroad. Three-fifths of Chinese with over 10 million yuan ($1.6 million to spend), were hoping to or had already obtained a foreign visa last year.
And Canada wasn't the only country vying for access to their considerable wealth: The US issued nearly 6,900 visas to Chinese nationals last year under its EB5 visa program, which requires foreign citizens to invest at least $500,000 in "job-creating ventures" (the US figure includes the investor and his or her family members). And Australia's Significant Investor Visa has attracted 595 applications since Nov. 2012 (nearly 500 of them Chinese), requiring a A$5 million (US$4.5 million) investment and a clean criminal record.
Portugal, the UK and Cyprus, among other nations, also offer investor visas that have attracted Chinese citizens. But Canada's program was by far the most popular in the world—and one loophole remains: The semi-autonomous government of Canada's Quebec province has kept its immigrant investor program alive, for now.


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Every day in the United States, nearly 3000 vehicles are reported stolen. Employ these simple safety and security precautions to protect your vehicle from theft.
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BedRug Complete Truck Bed Liner BRC07SBK
- Video
- Additional Images Additional Images Additional Images Additional Images Additional Images Additional Images
- Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images Customer Images
- Sale Price: $429.95
- Shipping:FREE SHIPPING
- Part Number: BRC07SBK
- Rating: (181)
$429.95Free Shipping
Select your vehicle details above to ensure item compatibility.
- The BedRug Complete Truck Bed Liner provides plush yet tough protection for your truck bed
- Thick, soft surface looks and feels like carpet but is actually a super-durable plastic material
- Handles impacts, chemical and gasoline spills with no problem - cleans up by simply hosing off
- Holds its shape and position through all seasons and driving conditions
- Installs and removes in seconds - no tools or alterations required
- Will not harm your truck bed's painted surface
- Lifetime Warranty
The BedRug is a true "magic carpet" for your truck bed. This innovative truck bed liner system is made of 100% plastic, yet has the luxury look and easy feel of carpet. It is more durable and protective than drop-in or even spray-on liners, and installs and removes in a snap. Simply put, the BedRug Truck Liner is the best thing you can do for your truck bed and your cargo.
The BedRug Pickup Bed Liner offers a soft, plush surface to hold your cargo. The carpeted surface will keep your loads from sliding around in transit and protect your cargo from scratches and dings. It is soft to the touch and unlike hard bed liners it has no "ribs" or had surfaces to hurt your knees when crawling around in the truck bed. The BedRug's thick carpet also acts as a shock absorber, protecting your factory bed from impact dents and damage. In fact, the surface is so soft it makes a comfortable seat for tailgating or even a bed for camping!
Don't let the soft, luxurious carpet feel of the BedRug surface fool you - this liner is seriously tough. It is molded from 100% polypropylene plastic, making it durable enough to withstand even the toughest loads and spills. Bleach, gas, battery acid, and oil are no match for the BedRug - simply give it a hosing or power washing and you'll be good to go! It will not absorb water, so moisture can either run through the BedRug zippers and through the bed drain holes or dry off in the sun. A special built-in tailgate hinge keeps small debris from falling between the bed and tailgate, putting an end to scratches, dirt and crushed rocks in your tailgate. The BedRug Pickup Bed Liner is also impact-resistant and can take any firewood, scrap metal, or concrete load you dump on it.
Unlike permanent spray-on bedliners, the BedRug installs and removes quickly and easily. And unlike weak drop-in liners, the BedRug is durable, soft, and pliable. It is custom-molded to fit the bed contours of your make, model, and year truck for a perfect, snug fit that won't change through the seasons. Because of the BedRug's custom fit, you have full access to your OEM bed tie downs.
The BedRug is made to last through the toughest treatment and continue to look and feel great. Your BedRug is backed with a Lifetime Warranty.
(Note: some custom tie-downs will be blocked by the BedRug, possibly requiring it to be cut. BedRugs that have been cut can not be returned.)
BedRug BRC07SBK fits:
- 2007-2019 Chevrolet Silverado Pickup
- 2007-2019 GMC Sierra Pickup
BedRug Complete Truck Bed Liner Customer Reviews
Overall Rating:5.0 of 5
Average Install Time: 1-2 hours
Showing 9 of 181 reviews. See All Reviews.
with all of the other features of the bed rug, it also seems to ride quieter and with the hard cover over the box, you can even sleep back there.
Install Time: 1-2 hours
The bedrug looks great it installed easily. I like having the extra padding on my knees. The only thing I didn't like was the amount of Velcro. I would have liked to have more of the smaller pieces for me because I'm pretty picky about the looks.
Install Time: 1-2 hours
Really fine product and would highly recommend over spray in liners and plastic versions.
Install Time: Under 30 minutes
Definitely met my expectations. Looked at numerous other liners before making this choice. Overall very satisfied and would recommend to others.
Install Time: 1-2 hours
The bedrug arrived very quick and was easy to install. Looks great. I would recommend this product.
Install Time: 30-60 minutes
Delivery was fast. Easy to install, a great fit! Exactly what I expected in the bedrug.
Install Time: 1-2 hours
Does not fit perfect at front of bed.
Install Time: 30-60 minutes
Like the padding when you have to get in the bed. Also like the way it looks on the truck.
Install Time: 1-2 hours
Love the bedrug, awesome addition to my truck. Installation was a breeze. Fit like a glove. Thanks Bedrug.
Install Time: 30-60 minutes
Showing 9 of 181 reviews. See All Reviews.


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Michael Jackson's estate has generated more than $310 million in the two years since the pop singer died deeply in debt, enabling executors to distribute a preliminary payment of $30 million to Jackson's mother and children, and to unnamed charities, according to recently filed court documents.
Executors also disclosed Tuesday that Jackson's mother, Katherine, is putting the family's fabled Encino compound up for sale and wants the executors to negotiate the purchase of a new residence for her and the children, Paris, Prince and Michael Joseph Jr., known as Blanket.
The Encino property, where Jackson grew up and where several of his siblings lived in a cottage near their parents' home was appraised at $4.15 million in 2010 but has since undergone extensive renovation. Katherine Jackson and the children moved out and have been living at a leased Calabasas home that is for sale for about $10 million. The executors said Katherine Jackson has identified a number of homes in that price range that would suit her needs and that of the children.
The executors said the trust and the California attorney general's office, which is representing charities as beneficiaries of the estate, have been pressing for distribution of funds.
The executors, John Branca and John McClain, filed a detailed accounting of finances since Jackson's death on June 25, 2009. By the end of last year, the estate had produced more than $310 million in gross revenues. "Since that date, the estate assets have continued to generate additional income," the executors said.
Notably, they said they were able to refinance and secure the estate's interest in the Michael Jackson music catalog, Mijac, and the Sony/ATV publishing catalog, which includes portions of The Beatles' catalog.
They said they reduced debt obligations by more than $90 million and refinanced loans at lower interest rates. They also benefited from the release of the posthumous concert film, "This Is It," and said they were able to pay off dozens of approved creditors' claims as well as Jackson's income taxes. Some creditor claims remain open, according to the documents, but the deadline for filing claims against the estate has passed.
"For a number of reasons, including without limitation, pending litigation and a pending estate tax audit, the estate is not yet in a condition to be closed," the document said. They listed cash on hand of $90 million.
They indicated that the $30 million was a preliminary distribution to the trust and more would be forthcoming in the future.
A hearing for a judge's approval of the plan is set for Sept. 28.
Jackson's death remains in the news as his doctor, Conrad Murray, is set to go on trial on involuntary manslaughter charges. He is accused of negligently administering the anesthetic propofol.
Jackson died of an overdose of the drug he was using for sleep. At the time of his death, he was due to launch a concert tour in England. Rehearsal footage for that concert was the basis of the movie "This Is It."
Do you think Jackson's kids have a chance at a normal life? Discuss on Facebook.


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Hi Everyone! Welcome to the 3 Girl JAM June 2015 Challenge
Before we get started let's announce the winner from our
May Challenge
Congrats to Tina from Feisty Crafter! Can you believe this gorgeous coloring? And the feather behind the 3 Girl JAM crinkle ribbon is oo-la-la!
Please contact Julie at firstname.lastname@example.com to claim your prizes!
Make sure to put in your subject~ May 2015 Challenge Winner!!
SPECIAL NOTE: If you place an order in June, you can add the Sunny Meadows bundle for just $1! Crazy good deal! Use coupon code: JUNE at 3 Girl JAM!
We LOVE to see your beautiful inspiration. Anything you do! Really...we love it! So again our theme is:
"Anything Goes with Ribbon"
Show us your cards, layouts, 3D projects or altered art but make sure to have some ribbon or other 3GJ products on it!
We have some lovely inspiration for you too.
Connie (using Clover & Sunshine from the Sunny Meadows Bundle and Tuxedo and Sterling from the Celebrations Bundle)
Leslie (using Sunshine from the Sunny Meadows Bundle)
Karen (using Rouge from the Victorian Dream Bundle and Light and Bright Lace)
Julie K (using the Summer Harvest Bundle)
For all the details on our projects head on over to our blogs!
You know we all LOVE comments!!
This month's challenge will win one lucky person a $15.00 Gift Certificate to our store at www.3girljam.com
We sure hope you will play along with our challenge!!!
Thanks for checking in with us!!
Every Challenge has some rules-
~~ to qualify for the prizes, please make sure to follow ours~~
We've had so many great entries but we must stress- rules are rules.
1. Follow the theme for the challenge: Anything Goes with Ribbon
2. Use 3GJ products (to be entered to win) or feel free to link up any other project that follows the theme.
2. Use 3GJ products (to be entered to win) or feel free to link up any other project that follows the theme.
3. Follow the 3 Girl JAM blog.
4. Add the 3 Girl JAM button to your side bar.
5. You will have until June 26, 2015 to enter. Winner will be announced on June 27, 2015.
6. Be sure to link up to your blog post and not your blog.
(It will make it much easier for the design team to leave you some love!)
8. Have fun!
Don't forget to visit the DT members to leave them some bloggy love. Now let's get to creating and spread the word for everyone to join in the fun!
Don't forget today is the last day to enter my fun challenge too!!
And did you see I am having a DT Call!! Come Check it out!! Wohoo!!


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Editors note:
This article was originally published by Juan Ramón González Álvarez at http://juanrga.com/en/AMD-kaveri-benchmark.html
It represents a very well-informed estimate of the performance of future APUs from AMD based off the Kaveri core. These estimates are based off the bits of information AMD disclosed both about Kaveri itself and the Steamroller architecture. Furthermore it includes some assumptions that are sensible but may not equate to the actual specifications. As any performance estimate, they could be off substantially because we are dealing with incomplete information. For this reason you should take the benchmark numbers with a grain of salt. However we believe the point of view presented here is valuable.
Before you look at the article we would like to highlight some of our previous coverage on the topic. We discussed the Steamroller improvements in detail, talked about Kaveris role in AMDs roadmap as well as the lack of novelty in the Bolton family of chipsets. More recently we covered AMDs heterogenous Queuing, which is an instrumental part of the HSA. Now without further ado we present the article.
AMD Kaveri Benchmark
Abstract: The Chip-maker, AMD, will release a new family of APUs by the end of 2013. This new family will be named Kaveri and will substitute the current Richland family of APUs. In this article I will consider Kaveri performance using all the information that AMD has disclosed as well as my best guesses on the parts that remain unknown. I estimate that the the top Kaveri GPU will have a CPU clocked at 4 GHz with a maximum performance of 128 GFLOP and a GPU clocked at 900 MHz with 922 GFLOP, giving a total of 1050 GFLOP for the whole APU. Combining all this data, I predict that the CPU of the top Kaveri APU will be about 26% faster than top Trinity APU and about 17% faster than top Richland APU. This would put the multi-threaded performance of the CPU of the new quad core Kaveri APU at the same level than an Intel quad core i5 or a six-core AMD FX with traditional software. The new Kaveri APU will show its real strength with HSA software, which will exploit the performance of both the CPU and the GPU. With HSA enabled software, Kaveri has the potential to be much faster than an Intel i7 or an octo-core AMD FX. Some developers are finding accelerations of up to 500% when enabling HSA. A collection of APU and CPU benchmarks and scores is given.
The Chip-maker, AMD, will release a new family of APUs by the end of 2013. This new family will be named Kaveri and will substitute the current Richland family of APUs. Kaveri will combine two to four 28nm CPU cores, based on the Steamroller architecture plus HSA improvements, with a HSA enabled Graphics Core Next GPU. This HSA Graphics Core Next architecture can work as a traditional graphics card (rendering graphics) or as co-processor (computing parallel tasks). Kaveri will also introduce a uniform memory model, dubbed hUMA, that will allow both the CPU and the GPU to access to a common memory pool.
Many sites report some of the specs of the upcoming Kaveri. In this article I will consider Kaveri performance using all the information that AMD has disclosed as well as my best guesses on the parts that remain unknown.
two modules with two Steamroller x86 cores and 2 MB L2 cache per module; Radeon HD Graphics and Multimedia Engine; Dual-Channel DDR3 Memory Controller; Video; PCIe Gen 3 PCIe Gen 2. Bolton SCH with Serial Interface; SATA 2/3; Low Pin Count Interface; USB 2.0/3.0; Pcie Gen 2
First look of the top Kaveri APU
During the Hot Chips 2012 conference, AMD said that the new Steamroller modules will provide a 30% gain in IPC over the initial Bulldozer modular design. Piledriver introduced about a 8% gain over Bulldozer at the same clocks. This means that Steamroller will introduce about a 20% IPC gain over Piledriver, because 1.30 = 1.08 × 1.20 rounded to two decimal digits. We know that the shared decode used in both Bulldozer and Piledriver introduces about a 20% penalty compared with a non-clustered core design; we know this from comparing the performance of a two-threaded workload running in two cores in the same module against the performance when each core is in a different module 1. Of course, Steamroller could be faster like some rumors suggest; I discuss this possibility below.
AMD has not revealed the frequencies of the new APUs. However, we know that the top Kaveri APU will have a total performance of 1050 GFLOP rounded to zero decimal figures. During the 2012 conference, AMD said that Steamroller will have a FPU with two FMAC 128-wide units plus a MMX unit. This is the same configuration as Piledriver, except that Steamroller FPU will be streamlined to save die space. Each FMAC unit will be capable of up to 8 FLOP s using FMA4 instructions; those are SP computations. Therefore, the formula to obtain the maximum floating point performance of the quad core CPU is 4 core × 8 FLOP s core-1 × freq s-1.
AMD has revealed that the top Kaveri APU will include a GPU with 512 unified shaders. Each shader can run up to 2 FLOP s of SP computations, which implies the following formula for the maximum performance of the top Kaveri GPU: 512 shader × 2 FLOP s shader-1 × freq s-1. The following table gives three possible combinations of frequencies for the CPU and the GPU whose combined performance gives the claimed 1050 GFLOP.
AMD commercializes Radeon discrete graphics cards with core frequencies of 897, 900, and 907 MHz; however, the Radeon HD 7750 based in GCN architecture has 512 shaders at 900 MHz. Selecting this frequency for the top Kaveri GPU, implies a CPU clocked at 4 GHz, which is a frequency between Trinity A10-5800k and Richland A10-6800k. The very small down-clock from 4.1 GHz is broadly compensated by the new Steamroller architecture.
Combining all this data 2, I predict that the CPU of the top Kaveri APU will be about 26% faster than top Trinity APU and about 17% faster than top Richland APU. This would put the multi-threaded performance of the CPU of the new quad core Kaveri APU at about the same level than an Intel quad core i5 or a six-core AMD FX. I estimate that t
he Kaveri quad core APU will have a PassMark CPU score of about 6000 points. Next, I add a collection of CPU benchmarks with estimations of the performance of the top Kaveri APU compared to the competence.
Kaveri scores for the CPU are obtained from taking Trinity/Richland scores as base and utilizing the assumed 20% gain from doubling the decoder per module minus a correction factor of the 5%. This correction factor is a safety belt that accounts for 'systematic' variations in benchmarks scores caused by different compiler support for bdver2 flags. Those variations are of the order of 3%?4%. In practice, I am assuming a worst case scenario where the base scores would be above the average and thus multiplying them by a 15% instead of an 20%. I assume that the scores obtained in this way for Kaveri are conservative and probably the real silicon will perform better thanks to improvements from the new bdver3 flags for Steamroller architecture and hardware improvements not considered here, such as a superior memory subsystem.
The following are all CPU performance estimates
The above benchmarks use traditional software, which only use the performance of the CPU and ignores the rest of the APU. The new Kaveri APU will show its real strength with HSA software, which will exploit the performance of both the CPU and the GPU.
AMD has shown, during the Hot Chips 2013 conference, the acceleration that ordinary applications receive when HSA is enabled. Below I show an estimation of the acceleration that Kaveri will provide in an algorithm that analyzes images to detect faces. This estimation is obtained from data disclosed by AMD for an older VLIW4 architecture GPU with six compute units at 685MHz. I corrected the observed acceleration by 8/6, which accounts for the higher number of compute units of the new Kaveri APU. I ignored further corrections arising from the fact that Kaveri will use a new GCN architecture (which is much faster at compute than VLIW4) and the new hUMA memory subsystem. Again, I assume that the HSA score obtained in this way for Kaveri is conservative and probably the real silicon will perform much better.
Estimation of HSA performance of the top Kaveri APU
Many other massively parallel algorithms 3 from file compression to video encoding or game physics simulations will receive similar accelerations. With HSA enabled software, Kaveri has the potential of being much faster than an Intel i7 or an octo-core AMD FX 4. Some developers are finding accelerations of up to 500% when enabling HSA. During Hot Chips 2013 AMD showed a 5.8x increase for a HSA enabled cloud server workload running on the old APU with six VLIW4 compute units at 685MHz. The new Kaveri APU would break the 6x increase easily, thanks to its eight GCN compute units clocked around the 900MHz 4.
I cannot estimate the performance of the GPU in Kaveri because crucial data is not known. The improvement in graphics performance could be anything between 33% and 200% faster than Richland APU, because benchmarks are very sensitive to memory bandwidth, and the precise nature of the version of GCN used in the GPU (Richland uses older VLIW4 architecture).
During the preparation of this article, AMD has announced a revolutionary OS layer named MANTLE. This consists of a driver plus a low-level API for GCN graphics cards. It is highly probable that Kaveri will be fully compatible with MANTLE thanks to the GCN technology used in the integrated GPU. Being a low-level API, MANTLE is free of the overhead associated to bloated and inefficient APIs like Microsoft DirectX. During the presentation, AMD claims up to 9x more draw calls compared to other APIs 5. The key here is on weighting the importance of draw calls in the game engine. This is something I cannot evaluate; first because it is engine and even game dependent; second because few details are known about MANTLE at the time of writing this.
Please note that the Kaveri APU has not been released still and some of the information contained here can change in the last minute. Needless to say, any mistakes that might be found in this article are entirely my responsibility and cannot be attributed to AMD nor to anyone else.
Acknowledgements: I thank both Marcus Pollice and Matthias Waldhauer for their useful insights and corrections to the original draft. I also thank Matthias Waldhauer for additional corrections to the final version of this article.


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Sent to you by moya via Google Reader:
been thinking a lot about 'scraping'. mainly cause a friend got shamed recently for reposting with attribution full articles from another blog.
now, my question is what are bloggers trying to protect? what are their goals? if your goal is to share information, ideas, and create more understanding of people and their communities, then why are you so afraid of having someone else re post your words?
i would understand if folks were plagiarizing. lying. claiming that they are the originators of something that they are not. that is unethical.
at raven's eye, if i am going to re post full posts, i normally ask permission first, unless i know that the author is all about sharing their words and visions.
normally i post excerpts, in part because this blog is about supporting a community of online woc and i want folks to visit the individual blogs, and in part because often only a portion of the blog post really jumps out at me saying: share me! share me!
personally, anything that i write is free to be shared. all i ask for is a link. and im not really hard core about the link.
i understand that some bloggers are using their blogs as a way to jump start or maintain a writing career. they have ads on their blogs. and consider their success to be measured in the number of viewers.
i get that. i am a free lance writer as well. and my blog has assisted me in being a free lance writer.
but the strange thing is i could never have predicted the ways that my blog has assisted me. it certainly hasnt meant a straight line, a to b to c etc. often its a comment i have made on another blog. or having my work reposted to a community that i wasnt familiar with. i find the best thing for me. is to focus on writing as honestly as i can. and let the chips fall where they may.
why do we feel the need to be so controlling over our words? what makes us think they are so so so precious?
and i understand that we want our words, words that we identify with, to be sheltered in safe spaces. i mean i have had a link or a repost put in a community where i got to hear some pretty mean and ignorant and personal attacks against me, my life, my choices, and my family. that hurts. it just does. it hurts bad.
and it can be triggering. because i write from a place of vulnerability (even when i am using humor) and the word -vulnerability- comes from the word that means 'wounded'. and we all want to protect our wounds. even while we are sharing them with others.
but i remain with the belief that my vulnerabilities are my greatest strength. and i have seen time and time again, that it is when i am most willing to be hurt, to be open, to be transparent that love and transformation become concrete manifestations and not just a possibility.
and i have seen that those who are less willing to be vulnerable are often folks i dont want to get very close to. because they are often the ones who are most callous towards others vulnerabilities. perhaps, because they haven't been willing to deal with their own fear of pain. with their own suffering. so they dont know how to deal with others'.
so what are our goals? and what are our vulnerabilities? and what does community really mean if sharing isnt a basic ethic of our lives, our work, and our visions?
The Culture of Sharing: Why Releasing Copyright Will Be the Smartest Thing You Do | Write to Done.
People who are used to the traditional model of copyrights will be alarmed and perhaps even angered by this article. They've been taught that copyrights actually protect the rights of artists, and in doing so actually encourage creativity. After all, if an artist doesn't have copyright, he can't make a living, and what would his motivation be to create anything then?
This logic is plain wrong.
First, history proves it wrong. Copyright laws originated in the 1700s, but amazingly, there were a few people who were able to create works of art without the protection of copyright laws. Shakespeare, Milton, Cervantes, Virgil, Dante … to name but a few big names. There are, of course, thousands more. And here we're only talking about writers — a few other artists also were able to create art: da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Mozart, Beethoven and Vivaldi are just a few who created before their works were protected by copyright.
Second, copyright has evolved into protection for corporations more than for artists these days. The people really pushing for copyright protection are not really people at all, but huge media conglomerates. They are protecting a system that is set up to make them money, but that only helps a handful of artists. The vast majority of artists are never read or seen or heard by the public, because the corporations don't deem them to be profitable enough. So the system doesn't help artists anymore — it hurts them.
Third, I have proven that it's possible to make money, even today, without using copyright. And so have many others (Cory Doctorow being a notable example). The release of my copyright didn't decrease my income — it increased it. It didn't decrease my exposure — it increased it. We'll talk more about this below.
Finally, copyright actually hurts artists, instead of protecting them. When you try to protect your copyright, you waste precious time and money pursuing violators — time and money you could be using to create instead of threaten litigation. When you protect your copyright, you are denying someone else the use of your ideas and creativity — which might seem good to you, but it doesn't seem good to the person on the other end, and the community in general suffers a bit. And it hurts your reputation (if people think you're selfish and protective) and stops your ideas from being spread as widely as possible.
By protecting your copyright, you are putting up barriers for the spread of your ideas. In this digital age, that is a mistake, plain and simple.
So let's put aside the old model of copyrighting works for a minute, and ask ourselves: "What might happen if I release my copyright?"
Seriously, think about it for a second.
Sure, some websites might scrape your content, re-using it and putting ads on it — making money from your hard work. And sure, someone else might throw it into a book and sell it, without paying you. You're losing money, right?
Not necessarily. These people are making money by selling your work to customers you probably wouldn't have reached anyway. They're making money, sure, but how does that hurt you? If you could have reached these readers, you probably will anyway. In fact, if these readers really like your work, they'll probably come looking for more … and you'll gain a bunch of new readers.
And many others might use your work without making a profit. They might put your work in a free newsletter, or print it and use it in a classroom, or put it on their blog without making money. They'll share your ideas with others, and give you credit. Now you're reaching thousands of people you never would have reached before. These people are doing your marketing for you, for free!
I'll repeat that in case the italics and exclamation point weren't emphasis enough: by releasing copyright, you might get people to do your marketing for you, for free.
Think about this for a second: none of your ideas are completely original. Mine sure aren't. I take the ideas of others and build upon them. I try to create new ways of looking at old ideas. I combine old ideas in new mixes. Sometimes I just dust off old ideas that people have forgotten about. Sometimes they're only new to me — I just discovered them and tried them out and found they worked, but they've been around in many forms for ages. All creative work is like this in some way. We take the ideas of others and build upon them, remix them, look at them in new ways.
If this is true, aren't you indebted to so many other creative types? Would you have been able to create your work at all if you hadn't been exposed to the works of thousands of others? Could you have created anything without using the ideas of others in your work?
And now think about this: by giving your work to others to use, isn't this a wonderful way to repay the creative types that came before you and made your work possible? Isn't it a great way to contribute to the creative community, and to make the world better?
I love to see how others take my work and build upon it, remix it, make it better. They have made my work more beautiful. And in doing so, in benefiting and participating in the Culture of Sharing, they have made the world a better place. And so have I. And so can you.
So let's talk specifics, briefly. By releasing copyright, you will have a few benefits come your way:
- Others might take your work and use it and spread it in various ways.
- New readers will hear of you for the first time, and come to your blog or buy your book.
- You will have increased visibility, a stronger brand, more readers, more traffic over the long haul.
- You will make more money.
- You will help others create, and make the world a better place.
None of this is guaranteed, but if your work is good, it will almost surely happen.
Things you can do from here:
- Subscribe to Raven's Eye using Google Reader
- Get started using Google Reader to easily keep up with all your favorite sites


text: Greetings, The following is a text-only description of a new program for music composition. Please don't hesitate to download the demo version on the Web at http://www.quaderno.com QUADERNO > THE MUSICAL EXPRESSION QUADERNO is a program for MIDI sequencing and an aid to musical composition and research. It runs on PC (or on Power Mac using Virtual PC) QUADERNO was created by two musicians who envisioned a program that would serve their needs as composers. This software is the result of 5 years of intense work and musical research. It was first developed on the Atari and since one year for the PC . It's a program based entirely on MIDI; you can perform many types of data transformations very quickly allowing immediate feedback based upon your musical idea. The interface is attractively colored; it allows you to link music and color in a very intuitive way. A virtual Remote-Control panel allows you to: 1- determine your Recording choices 2- use special Functions to transform your music 3- access the different "Spaces" (various views of your musical data) 1 - RECORDING can be done in different ways: - Normal MIDI recording with a keyboard or any MIDI instrument - Simple Recording with the mouse (1 Pattern) - Multitrack MIDI recording with the mouse (up to 56 Patterns all together) - Multitrack MIDI recording (16 tracks or 16 MIDI instrumentalists) in real-time. 2 - FUNCTIONS: The functions are very powerful mathematical algorithms that allows you to transform your music with a single click of the mouse. Quaderno's Functions include: Accents- Agitation - Random - Rhythm Analysis - Arpeggiator - Cadences - Calculation - Canons - Chords - Conversions - Untie - Echoes - Melodic Evolution - Expression - Harmonization - Legato - Morphing - Suppress Controllers - Reduce Controllers - Progressions - Quantize-Random - Quantize-Fill - Quantize-Logic - Quantization Reduction - Re-Injection - Harmonic Resolution - Rhythm Tracker - Staccato - Suppress Doubles - Suppress Recovey - Send Sysex - Tessitura - Melodic Transposition - Formula - Sorting - Wave Creation . 3 - SPACES: > SESSION: The basic space of the program . It is made up of a large checkerboard filled up with 196 small squares, each square is called: an Area. Each Area is characterized by a name, a number, a MIDI channel, a synthesizer, a sound, a Scale and a Quaderno. On the left of this large checkerboard you can find a column with numbers from 1 to 56. Each number represents a Pattern. Around this axis revolve 14 "satellite" spaces. > LIBRARY: For saving all the files you create in the different spaces with a very convenient feature, the ability to audition items from the Library before importing them. > SONG: For structuring and organizing all the Patterns (musical figures) you have developed in the SESSION space, in the same manner as with a classic sequencer but with functions specific to Quaderno. It's also the place for export/import of MIDI files. > MICRO-EDITION: A graphic representation of all the MIDI events of the selected Pattern. Each curve is a linear event representation of the various parameters of your music. You can modify each of these curves independently and use functions specific to this space: expansion, compression, horizontal and vertical inversion. > NOTE-EDIT: Note events on a grid that represent the pitch on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis. You can make modifications and transformations on the selected notes instantaneously, and choose to visualize the color of notes according to their velocity or pitch, > CHORDS: This space allows creation and auditioning of all sorts of chords according to the set of available scales in use in QUADERNO. You can use your chord grids in different ways (send them to a free Area, or use them to reharmonize one or several Patterns). > HARMONIC MODULATIONS : To create principles of harmonic modulation that you will be able to apply in several ways. These harmonic modulations can be used in real time. > MIDI SETUP: To manage and program all Midi peripherals. > MONITORS: To "see" the music that you have created in a very original way. The different Monitors translate into images (color, speed, movement..) the MIDI events of your music. > MUSICAL ANALYSIS : To analyze the harmonic contents of any Pattern and see immediately which scales the harmony involves and also to extract a chord grid from this harmonic analysis and use these results in different ways. > ORCHESTRATION: To select and extract the different musical elements of a Pattern according to 7 criteria and 2 Modes. Once you have selected the desired elements, you can sort them out and send them into different Plans (up to 6 Plans). > DYNAMIC PADS: To re-write in real time your sequence by playing with the mouse on the 4 fundamental elements of a Pattern: Velocities, Durations, Notes and Rhythms. > COMPOSER: To algorithmically generate MIDI sequences without user input (without keyboard or mouse). You'll select several musical parameters (rhythms, notes, durations, MIDI controller ) and QUADERNO will generate music based upon your program (up to 70 tracks). > REAL-TIME: Today, we are no longer work in a linear fashion but rather from a multidimensional perspective. It is in the Real-Time space that you will understand this new approach. Here, multiple MIDI instrumentalists can play and record together. Thank you for taking the time to familiarize yourself with QUADERNO .We hope that QUADERNO will enable you to compose in a completely different way and that you will discover a new and pleasurable approach to making music. For contact information or demos please email or phone: (33) 1 43 73 25 96 or (33) 1 48 74 59 19 (Paris/FRANCE)


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Fascinating. Don't you love a good stoush?
Margaret Pope has hit back at Michael Bassett's version of what happened inside the Labour caucus during the reforms, opening with "...the first time I ever met Dr Michael Bassett I felt my flesh creep". Oh my goo'ness, as a wide-eyed Shirley Temple would say.
Pope rejects Bassett's claim that she was behind David Lange's rejection of the flat tax proposal, etc. She says Lange's rejection of flat tax was "one of principle". What principle was that? The reforms had a clear philosophy underpinning them and flat tax was in keeping with it. Bassett's book (which I haven't completed) makes the point very early that Lange had no strong political philosophy. Whether she stepped into the void with hers, I have no opinion on as yet.
But clearly Pope still doesn't understand the political vision Douglas and Bassett shared and espoused. She says she was "prompted by social rather than economic issues". Sorry but the two are inseparable. What she is actually saying is she was more concerned about the short term than the long term - or the little picture over the big picture. And I think that is exactly what influenced Lange.
"The writing is purple, overheated, even foam-flecked." Um. Anything like "...the first time I ever met Dr Michael Bassett I felt my flesh creep"? I'll be very, very surprised if it is. Certainly I have encountered any examples yet.
She leans on other left-wing reviews (eg Gordon Campbell) that have branded Bassett as fixated with Pope and even anti-women. I find that quite silly.
Bassett calls a spade a spade. Not one for shilly-shallying if I wanted an honest opinion or advice, he is a man I would trust. In fact I wish we could get him back into parliament as well as Sir Roger.
(BTW why is John Roughan credited with this piece? Makes for very confusing reading.)
Innocent – Lee Ingleby, Hermione Norris – #1 – S1E1
51 minutes ago


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Originally Posted by Noodle
you won't be friends with me on ACNH
@Noodle let's be friends ;o;
~UK Based Idol~
~Member of One Wish~
~Video Gaming HMod / Chatroom Mod / Cosplay, Arts & Writing Mod / Disney Queen / Ravenclaw Head Girl~
Feel free to ask me anything!
Anime-Planet.com - anime | manga | watch anime online
Listen ACNH is clearly about a dangerous fringe group moving off the grid to evade the government.
You don't move to a deserted island to make friends.
Originally Posted by Citizen
Listen ACNH is clearly about a dangerous fringe group moving off the grid to evade the government.
You don't move to a deserted island to make friends.
Don't know what you're talkin about, bud.
Originally Posted by FereHat
The database is currently set at int(10) for post id, which means 9,999,999,999 posts before it breaks. We're sat around 4.4 million at the moment, so lots more posting can be done. You guys editing post counts/AL points etc won't break it
Mental note: don't challenge @Arya to post that much, because we all know she'll try!
Also, I'm sure the server would die way before we hit the number limit. It's starting to struggle now at 4.4 million
The Hat knows me too well
Ferefire: Arya probably should have the admin powers to give out admin powers
Pirate Timelord: I mean, Arya is Arya, but not Arya? :: Bert: Help me make sense of this, Timelord.
Pirate Timelord: They're both now Schrodinger's Arya's' Both accounts both being and not being Arya.
Yomi: Then again, who could resist sitting on MoV's lap?
arya ffs i will take away all your food privileges
And coffee privileges too.
and MoV privileges
he's living with me until he beats FFVIIR on hard
(i want the trophies)
Make him breed you a golden chocobo with max stats.
i don't think there are chocobos in part 1 so we'll just have him get me parts 2 and 3 and the bonus mystery part 4 that's just crisis core remastered
Oh right ePiSoDiCk release. One of the many reasons I lost interest in VIIR.
yeah the problem is that they janked 40 hours into midgar for some reason
they're never going to finish these games
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Landon Collins is the top football recruit from the state of Louisiana, and the defensive back was heavily recruited by top college programs. Having narrowed his commitment decision to LSU and Alabama, he chose the Crimson Tide live during ESPN's broadcast of the Under Armour high school all-star game in St. Petersburg—leaving his Tigers-supporting mom shaking her head in bitter disapproval, which only got worse when she got on the microphone. [ESPN]
How running an NFL team is like running a restaurant | Chef Emeril Lagasse


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Some of the most important things in history are things that didn't happen -- even though just about everyone thought they would.
Recent example: Scads of liberals gleefully predicted that the financial crisis and deep recession would destroy Americans' faith in markets and increase their confidence in big government. Many conservatives gloomily feared they were right.
Hasn't happened. If anything, public opinion has moved in the other direction, with most Americans rejecting the stimulus package and the health care bill, denying that government action is needed to address global warming, expressing negative feelings about labor unions.
How to explain this? One way is to see the public's reaction as opposition to governance by an alliance of Big Units -- Big Government, Big Business and Big Labor.
In the 1930s, Americans supposedly lost faith in markets and rallied to government. But if you go back and look at public opinion polling then, you find something rather different. You find majorities grumbling about Big Government, scorning Big Business and opposing Big Labor.
The 1940s were different. Facing the threat of total war, Franklin Roosevelt transformed himself from "Dr. New Deal" to "Dr. Win the War." He fostered cooperation between Big Government, Big Business and Big Labor. Roosevelt was brilliant at selecting, from all these sources, the best men (and women) for jobs he considered important.
The result was a war effort that was brilliantly successful. America was the arsenal of democracy, vanquishing its enemies and inventing the atomic bomb. Big Unit governance gained enormous prestige and held onto it for a generation after the war.
The result was prosperity but also stasis. The Big Government of 1970 looked a lot like the Big Government of the 1940s. The same Big Businesses that dominated the Fortune 500 list in 1940 did so in 1970. The list of Big Labor unions remained pretty much the same.
Around 1970, these Big Units lost their edge. Big Government got mired in wars on poverty and in Vietnam. Big Business got hidebound and bureaucratic. Big Labor started to shrink.
Starting around 1980, the country began to revive. Big Government lowered taxes and deregulated transportation and communications. Entrepreneurs and investors replaced stodgy corporate managements with new companies and new products.
The conformist "organization man" Americans of the 1950s were replaced by non-conformist innovators, risk-takers and creators who made a new economy that central planners could never have envisioned. Bill Gates and Steve Jobs didn't wait for those at the top of Big Units to tell them what to do.
Big Business changed: The Fortune 500 list of 2010 doesn't look anything like that of 1970. Big Labor almost vanished: Most union members today are public employees.
The Obama Democrats, faced with a grave economic crisis, responded with policies appropriate to the Big Unit America that was disappearing during the president's childhood.
Their financial policy has been to freeze the big banks into place. Their industrial policy was to preserve as much as they could of General Motors and Chrysler for the benefit of the United Auto Workers. Their health care policy was designed to benefit Big Pharma and other big players. Their housing policy has been to try to maintain existing prices. Their macroeconomic policy was to increase the size and scope of existing government agencies to what looks to be the bursting point.
What we see is Big Government colluding with Big Business and trying to breathe life into Big Labor.
Some of this can be defended. The Obama Democrats are right in pointing out that the TARP financial bailout was the product of the George W. Bush administration, and they may well be right that it would have been disastrous to allow Citibank to fail.
But Big Unit policies are not a good fit for a country that has grown out of the wreckage the Big Units made of things in the 1970s. They freeze poorly performing incumbents in place, and they don't provide the breathing room for small units to start up and grow.
In the meantime, the Big Units are not performing as well as they did for Dr. Win the War. The visibly flagging economy and the slapdash stimulus and health care bills have left most voters ready to take a chance on the still reviled Republicans. The unanswered question is, will the Republicans have an effective alternative to Big Unit governance?


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I will also follow you on these too
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Also, I am looking for someone to make a me a 125x125 banner, if you recommend someone, please let me know!
Views: 200
Follow me at fashionablehome.blogspot.com
and I will follow you back.
Hey Sophie I'm following you. I tried leaving a comment though and I was told I need to be a member to leave any comments. Might want to check into that.
I would love some new followers!
i followed everyone :)
Hi, Crystal. From one coffee and wine addict to another, LOVE your blog! Looking forward to following you on facebook and twitter!
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Hey all. following all of the blogs listed. would love the follow back.
New follower!! great blog! :)
would love a follow back: megancamille.blogspot.com
hey i am going to follow your blog. you have a really nice site. please follow back.
You can join our blog hop to gain new followers
Leave the comment so I can follow u back.


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As usual, the White House and its allies are trying to camouflage naked partisan money-grubbing in populist garb.
"I think this would be a great opportunity to have tens of thousands of North Carolinians and others outside of the state to see and participate in the convention process," one North Carolina Democratic Party flack told the Charlotte Observer.
But it's the heavyweight contributors, not the hoi polloi, to whom convention organizers are catering as they struggle to raise some $37 million to cover the coronation celebration's costs. The self-proclaimed Party of the 99 Percent is reportedly busy creating special-access VIP packages for the 1 percent -- under the illusion of throwing open its doors to the masses. DNC officials refuse to disclose fundraising updates until after the convention, even as they champion their own "openness and accessibility."
And no doubt, Obama will use his stadium-size pulpit to "stand up" to the very same "fat cats" who'll be watching him while sipping Courvoisier in their DNC-appointed luxury seats.
Such is the audacity of progressive cognitive dissonance.
Despite the DNC's vaunted promise to ban business donations and first lady Michelle Obama's faux-folksy public relations campaign for a "people's convention," Bank of America (headquartered in North Carolina and Charlotte's largest corporate presence) will be front and center at the festivities. No surprise. The Democrats and Bank of America have maintained a long, lucrative relationship as reciprocal bailout buddies.
During the 2010 midterm elections, former DNC chairman and ex-Virginia Gov. Tim Kaine secured a $15 million revolving line of credit at BofA and then finagled another $17 million loan from the taxpayer-bailed-out bank. According to Federal Election Commission records, BofA accepted as collateral the DNC's donor mailing list. Yep, its donor mailing list for $32 million in loans. As investigative reporter Richard Pollock asked at the time: "What message does a largely unsecured $32 million credit line for the Democratic Party send to thousands of cash-starved small businesses across the nation who can't secure any credit even with tangible assets?"
Message: crony business as usual.
Bank of America is to sweetheart loans and Democratic Party payoffs as Paula Deen is to sugar and bacon grease:
-- The massively troubled bank raked in a middle-of-the-night, taxpayer-funded $45 billion banking bailout in 2008 and an estimated $931 billion in secret federal emergency loans.
-- In 2008, BofA's political action committee gave its biggest contributions to Barack Obama totaling $421,000.
-- After purchasing junk mortgage company Countrywide, BofA agreed to pay $50 million in restitution payments for Countrywide subprime loan fraudster and Democratic fat cat Angelo Mozilo and one of his underlings.
-- BofA forked over payoffs to self-declared bank terrorist outfit NACA (the taxpayer-subsidized Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America).
-- BofA also capitulated to a Jesse Jackson shakedown. And it forked over at least $2 million to the ACORN Housing Corporation -- which has had a long history of fraud and abuse that goes back decades.
-- The financial giant teamed up with the open-borders lobby (including newly appointed Domestic Policy Council chief Cecilia Munoz's former employer, the National Council of La Raza) to offer illegal alien home loans.
No word yet on whether Obama's Greek columns from the 2008 convention will make a return appearance this fall. But if they do, they may yet be emblazoned with a new red-white-and-blue Bank of Democratic Party America logo.
Optics be damned. The coffers must be filled.
Michelle Malkin is the author of "Culture of Corruption: Obama and his Team of Tax Cheats, Crooks & Cronies" (Regnery 2010). Her e-mail address is email@example.com.