text:
Urbach–Wiethe disease
|Urbach-Wiethe disease
|Other names: Lipoid proteinosis and Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae
|Urbach–Wiethe disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Urbach–Wiethe disease is a very rare recessive genetic disorder, with approximately 400 reported cases since its discovery.[1][2][3] It was first officially reported in 1929 by Erich Urbach and Camillo Wiethe,[4][5] although cases may be recognized dating back as early as 1908.[6][7][8]
The symptoms of the disease vary greatly from individual to individual. They may include a hoarse voice, lesions and scarring on the skin, easily damaged skin with poor wound healing, dry, wrinkly skin, and beading of the papules around the eyelids.[6][9][10] All of these are results of a general thickening of the skin and mucous membranes. In some cases there is also a hardening of brain tissue in the medial temporal lobes, which can lead to epilepsy and neuropsychiatric abnormalities.[11] The disease is typically not life-threatening and patients do not show a decreased life span.[10]
Because Urbach–Wiethe disease is an autosomal recessive condition, individuals can be carriers of the disease but show no symptoms. The disease is caused by loss-of-function mutations to chromosome 1 at 1q21, the extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) gene.[12] The dermatological symptoms are caused by a buildup of a hyaline material in the dermis and the thickening of the basement membranes in the skin.[9] Urbach–Wiethe disease is typically diagnosed by its clinical dermatological manifestations, particularly the beaded papules on the eyelids. The discovery of the mutations within the ECM1 gene has allowed the use of genetic testing to confirm an initial clinical diagnosis. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and immunohistochemical staining may also be used for diagnosis.[6][13]
Currently, there is no cure for Urbach–Wiethe disease although there are ways to individually treat many of its symptoms.[2] The discovery of the mutations of the ECM1 gene has opened the possibility of gene therapy or a recombinant ECM1 protein for Urbach–Wiethe disease treatment, but neither of these options is currently available. Some researchers are examining patients with Urbach–Wiethe disease to learn more about other conditions that exhibit similar neurological symptoms, such as autism.
Symptoms and signs
Urbach–Wiethe disease is characterized by both neurological and dermatological symptoms.[14][15]
Although symptoms can vary greatly between affected individuals, even those within the same family, symptoms normally begin in infancy and are typically a result of thickening skin and mucous membranes.[2] The first symptom is often a weak cry or a hoarse voice due to a thickening of the vocal cords. The hoarse voice can be one of the most striking clinical manifestations of the disease.[9] Lesions and scars also appear on the skin, usually the face and the distal parts of the limbs.[6] This is often the result of poor wound healing and the scarring continues to increase as the patient ages, leaving the skin with a waxy appearance. Skin may be easily damaged as a result of only a minor trauma or injury, leaving many blisters and additional scars.[10] The skin is also usually very dry and wrinkly. White or yellow infiltrates form on the lips, buccal mucosa, tonsils, uvula, epiglottis and frenulum of the tongue.[6] This can lead to upper respiratory tract infection and sometimes requires tracheostomy to relieve the symptom.[9] Too much thickening of the frenulum can restrict tongue movement and may result in speech impediments.[16] Beading of the papules around the eyelids is a very common symptom and is often used as part of a diagnosis of the disease. Some other dermatological symptoms that are sometimes seen but less common include hair loss, parotitis and other dental abnormalities, corneal ulceration, and focal degeneration of the macula.[17]
Although the dermatological changes are the most obvious symptoms of Urbach–Wiethe disease, many patients also have neurological symptoms. About 50–75% of the diagnosed cases of Urbach–Wiethe disease also show bilateral symmetrical calcifications on the medial temporal lobes.[18] These calcifications often affect the amygdala and the periamygdaloid gyri.[11] The amygdala is thought to be involved in processing biologically relevant stimuli and in emotional long-term memory, particularly those associated with fear, and both PET and MRI scans have shown a correlation between amygdala activation and episodic memory for strongly emotional stimuli.[14] Therefore, Urbach–Wiethe disease patients with calcifications and lesions in these regions may suffer impairments in these systems. These calcifications are the result of a buildup of calcium deposits in the blood vessels within this brain region. Over time, these vessels harden and the tissue they are a part of dies, causing lesions. The amount of calcification is often related to disease duration.[10] The true prevalence of these calcifications is difficult to accurately state as not all patients undergo brain imaging. Some patients also exhibit epilepsy and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Epilepsy symptoms could begin with light anxiety attacks and can be controlled with anti-epileptic medications.[10] Other patients present with symptoms similar to schizophrenia while some suffer from mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders.[16][19]
Researchers have mapped Urbach–Wiethe disease to chromosome 1 at 1q21 and specifically identified the extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) gene as the gene containing mutations that can lead to the development of the condition.[12] At this point, 41 different mutations within ECM1 have been reported to lead to Urbach–Wiethe disease.[13] These were all homozygous loss-of-function mutations (i.e. nonsense, frameshift or internal deletions).[9] It is an autosomal recessive condition,[2][13] requiring two mutated copies of the ECM1 gene to cause the disease.[20]
ECM1 codes for a glycoprotein of previously unknown origin. The discovery that the loss of ECM1 expression leads to the symptoms associated with Urbach–Wiethe disease suggests that ECM1 may contribute to skin adhesion, epidermal differentiation, and wound healing and scarring.[12] It is also thought to play a role in endochondral bone formation, tumor biology, endothelial cell proliferation and blood vessel formation.[9]
The dermatological symptoms are caused by a buildup of a hyaline material in the dermis and the thickening of the basement membranes in the skin.[9] The nature of this material is unknown, but researchers have suggested that it may be a glycoprotein, a glycolipid, an acid mucopolysaccharide, altered collagen or elastic tissue.[6]
Urbach–Wiethe disease is typically diagnosed by its clinical dermatological manifestations, particularly the beaded papules on the eyelids. Doctors can also test the hyaline material with a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, as the material colors strongly for this stain.[6]
Immunohistochemical skin labeling for antibodies for the ECM1 protein as labeling has been shown to be reduced in the skin of those affected by Urbach–Wiethe disease.[13] Staining with anti-type IV collagen antibodies or anti-type VII collagen antibodies reveals bright, thick bands at the dermoepidermal junction.[9]
Non-contrast CT scans can image calcifications, but this is not typically used as a means of diagnosing the disease. This is partly due to the fact that not all Urbach-Wiethe patients exhibit calcifications, but also because similar lesions can be formed from other diseases such as herpes simplex and encephalitis. The discovery of mutations within the ECM1 gene has allowed the use of genetic testing to confirm initial clinical diagnoses of Urbach–Wiethe disease. It also allows doctors to better distinguish between Urbach–Wiethe disease and other similar diseases not caused by mutations in ECM1.
Currently, there is no cure for Urbach–Wiethe disease although there are some ways to individually treat many of its symptoms. There has been some success with oral dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and intralesional heparin, but this is not true in all cases.[9][19] D-penicillamine has also shown promise, but has yet to have been used extensively.[13] There are also some reports of patients being treated with etretinate, a drug typically prescribed to treat psoriasis.[17] In some cases, calcifications in the brain can lead to abnormal electrical activity among neurons. Some patients are given anti-seizure medication to help deal with these abnormalities. Tracheostomy is often used to relieve upper respiratory tract infections. Carbon dioxide laser surgery of thickened vocal cords and beaded eyelid papules have improved these symptoms for patients.[9] The discovery of the mutations of the ECM1 gene has opened the possibility of gene therapy or a recombinant EMC1 protein for Urbach–Wiethe disease treatment, but neither of these two options are currently available.
Urbach–Wiethe disease is typically not a life-threatening condition.[2] The life expectancy of these patients is normal as long as the potential side effects of thickening mucosa, such as respiratory obstruction, are properly addressed.[10] Although this may require a tracheostomy or carbon dioxide laser surgery, such steps can help ensure that individuals with Urbach–Wiethe disease are able to live a full life. Oral dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been shown to reduce skin lesions, helping to minimize discomfort for these individuals.[9]
Urbach–Wiethe disease is very rare; there are fewer than 300 reported cases in medical literature.[2] Although Urbach–Wiethe disease can be found worldwide, almost a quarter of reported diagnoses are in South Africa.[2] Many of these are in patients of Dutch, German, and Khoisan ancestry.[2][12] This high frequency is thought to be due to the founder effect.[13] Due to its recessive genetic cause and the ability to be a carrier of the disease without symptoms, Urbach–Wiethe disease often runs in families. In some regions of South Africa, up to one in 12 individuals may be carriers of the disease.[9] Most of the case studies involving Urbach–Wiethe disease patients involve only one to three cases and these cases are often in the same family. Due to its low incidence, it is difficult to find a large enough number of cases to adequately study the disease.
In 1908, what appears to be the first case of Urbach–Wiethe disease was reported by Friedrich Siebenmann, a professor of otolaryngology in Basel, Switzerland. In 1925, Friedrich Miescher, a Swiss dermatologist, reported on three similar patients.[6] An official report of Urbach–Wiethe disease was first described in 1929 by a Viennese dermatologist and otorhinolaryngologist, Urbach and Wiethe.[12] Its original name of 'lipoidosis cutis et mucosae' was changed to 'lipoid proteinosis cutis et mucosae' due to Urbach's belief that the condition was due to abnormal lipid and protein deposits within the tissues.[12] Some have debated as to whether or not the disease is actually a form of mucopolysaccharidosis, amyloidosis, or even porphyria. The discovery of the Urbach–Wiethe disease causing mutation to the ECM1 gene has now provided a definitive way to differentiate Urbach–Wiethe disease from these other conditions.[9]
See also
- Klüver–Bucy syndrome
- S.M. (patient)
- List of cutaneous conditions
- List of radiographic findings associated with cutaneous conditions
- ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2017-07-21. Retrieved 2021-08-22.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 DiGiandomenico S, Masi R, Cassandrini D, El-Hachem M, DeVito R, Bruno C, Santorelli FM (2006). "Lipoid proteinosis: case report and review of the literature". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 26 (3): 162–7. PMC 2639960. PMID 17063986.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ↑ synd/924 at Who Named It?
- ↑ Urbach E, Wiethe C (1929). "Lipoidosis cutis et mucosae". Virchows Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medizin. 273 (2): 285–319. doi:10.1007/bf02158983.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 Caro I (1978). "Lipoid proteinosis". International Journal of Dermatology. 17 (5): 388–93. doi:10.1111/ijd.19126.96.36.1998. PMID 77850.
- ↑ Lever, Walter F.; Elder, David A. (2005). Lever's histopathology of the skin. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 440. ISBN 978-0-7817-3742-5.
- ↑ Siebenmann F (1908). "Über Mitbeteilingung der Schleimhaut bei allgemeiner Hyperkeratose der Haut". Arch Laryngol. 20: 101–109.
- ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 Hamada, T. (2002). "Lipoid proteinosis". Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 27 (8): 624–629. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01143.x.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Appenzeller, S; Chaloult, E; Velho, P; De Souza, E. M.; Araújo, V. Z.; Cendes, F; Li, L. M. (2006). "Amygdalae Calcifications Associated with Disease Duration in Lipoid Proteinosis". Journal of Neuroimaging. 16 (2): 154–156. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2006.00018.x. PMID 16629738.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Staut, C. C. V.; Naidich, T. P. (1998). "Urbach-Wiethe Disease(Lipoid Proteinosis)". Pediatric Neurosurgery. 28 (4): 212–214. doi:10.1159/000028653. PMID 9732251.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Hamada T, McLean WHI, Ramsay M, Ashton GHS, Nanda A; et al. (2002). "Lipoid proteinosis maps to 1q21 and is caused by mutations in the extracellular matrix protein 1 gene (ECM1)". Human Molecular Genetics. 11 (7): 833–40. doi:10.1093/hmg/11.7.833. PMID 11929856.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Chan I, Liu L, Hamada T, Sethuraman G, McGrath JA (2007). "The molecular basis of lipoid proteinosis: mutations in extracellular matrix protein 1". Experimental Dermatology. 16 (11): 881–90. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00608.x. PMID 17927570.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Siebert M, Markowitsch HJ, Bartel P (2003). "Amygdala, affect and cognition: evidence from 10 patients with Urbach-Wiethe disease". Brain. 126 (12): 2627–37. doi:10.1093/brain/awg271. PMID 12937075.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Mallory SB, Krafchick BR, Holme SA, Lenane P, Krafchik BR (2005). "What syndrome is this? Urbach-Weithe syndrome (lipoid proteinosis)". Pediatric Dermatology. 22 (3): 266–7. doi:10.1111/j.1525-1470.2005.22321.x. PMID 15916581.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Thornton HB, Nel D, Thornton D, van Honk J, Baker GA, Stein DJ (2008). "The neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology of lipoid proteinosis". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 20 (1): 86–92. doi:10.1176/jnp.2008.20.1.86. PMID 18305289.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Bahadir S, Cobanoglu U, Kapicioglu Z, Kandil ST, Cimsit G; et al. (2006). "Lipoid proteinosis: A case with ophthalmological and psychiatric findings". Journal of Dermatology. 33 (3): 215–8. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2006.00049.x. PMID 16620230.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Hurlemann R, Wagner M, Hawellek B, Reich H, Pieperhoff P, Amunts K; et al. (2007). "Amygdala control of emotion-induced forgetting and remembering: Evidence from Urbach-Wiethe disease". Neuropsychologia. 45 (5): 877–84. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.08.027. hdl:21.11116/0000-0001-B8EF-3. PMID 17027866.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Cinaz P, Guvenir T, Gonlusen G (1993). "Lipoid proteinosis: Urbach-Wiethe disease". Acta Paediatrica. 82 (11): 892–3. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1993.tb12590.x.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Morovvati S, Farshadyeganeh P, Hamidizadeh M, Morovvati Z, Mohammadi SD (August 2018). "Mutation Analysis of ECM1 Gene in Two Related Iranian Patients Affected by Lipoid Proteinosis". Acta Medica Iranica. 56 (7): 474–477. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
External links
|External resources


text:
Story highlights
Scientists strongly believe there is an ocean hidden under the ice surface of Europa
The Hubble Space Telescope captured a spectrographic image showing water vapor
Astronomers believe it came from a geyser connected to the hidden ocean
The vapor could make it possible for a space probe to analyze the water for signs of life
A moon circling Jupiter has sent up a small flare. It may be telling astronomers that life could be supported there, and it may offer a way of finding out.
The scientists have recognized a puff of water vapor sprouting 125 miles high above Europa in a special image captured by the Hubble Space Telescope, NASA said Thursday.
"We pushed Hubble to its limits to see this very faint emission," said Joachim Saur, the telescope's lead investigator on the project.
They're not quite sure yet, but Saur, a professor at the University of Cologne in Germany, believes that a geyser on Europa's south pole blustered the vapor up from a water source under the moon's surface.
Aquatic life
Many scientists feel certain that a deep ocean lies beneath the icy, miles-thick shell that covers the moon, the American Geophysical Union said.
The whole celestial body looks like a white, scratchy ball of ice.
Europa, which is too far away from the sun to enjoy the warmth of its golden rays, has surface temperatures as low as -328 degrees Fahrenheit, the AGU said. It's hardly a temperature anything living could survive at.
But the moon is probably heated from within. Friction caused by Jupiter's gravitational pull on its core keeps the internal ocean from freezing, scientists believe.
Its water might have the right chemistry to sustain some very basic aquatic life. And this newly recognized vapor trail may offer an easier way of finding that out, astronomer Lorenz Roth told NASA.
He analyzed the data Hubble collected.
"If those plumes are connected with the subsurface water ocean we are confident exists under Europa's crust, then this means that future investigations can directly investigate the chemical makeup of Europa's potentially habitable environment without drilling through layers of ice. And that is tremendously exciting."
A cheaper flight
Instead of having to land there with heavy borer rigs loaded onto a large, expensive spacecraft to collect a water sample, a probe could now just fly into the vapor, suck some of it in and analyze it.
Money is important, when it comes to studying Europa. Most of what astronomers know about it comes from data picked up by the Galileo mission to Jupiter, which ended in 2003 and was plagued with funding blackouts, the AGU said.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been trying to come up with lower-budget experiments to make funding for a mission more likely, according to the AGU. They would involve an orbiter to observe the surface long-term and a spacecraft that would fly there to take radar images of what's underneath the ice.
Now, there may be another, even more enticing and equally thrifty experiment to add to the list.
Need more pics
But before all that can happen, Hubble needs to snap few more images of the plumes to confirm the discovery.
And even then, it may take Saur and his colleagues a while to feel comfortable with their analysis of the spectrographic images that discern light waves from Europa. The vapor is not visible to the naked eye. Hubble was able to detect it only because electrons crashed into it, converting it into hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
Thursday's announcement was based on images recorded in December of last year, NASA said. It took that long to be reasonably sure that the clouds weren't caused by something else, like charged particles flying there through Jupiter's magnetic field or a meteor crashing down.
Dolphins? Nah
If a mission to Europa gets launched, don't expect it to turn up a dolphin.
Because of the extreme conditions in that ocean – if it exists – scientists would probably find – if anything – the kind of microbes that live under Earth's arctic caps or near undersea volcanoes, the AGU said.
This isn't the first time scientists have found water vapor coming from another planet's moon.
A NASA orbiter has detected similar spouts on one of Saturn's moons, Enceladus, NASA said.
But this is a sensational find, if it is confirmed.
It may represent the closest place to Earth where scientists could find still-existing life outside of our planet.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Cayman Islands government published the Foundation Companies Bill, 2016 on 16 December 2016 (the "Bill"), which will allow for the formation of a new Cayman Islands vehicle: the foundation company.
A foundation company will be governed by the Companies Law, 2016 (the "Companies Law") save to the extent excluded or modified by Schedule 1 to the Bill, or otherwise inconsistent with the provisions of the Bill. This means that the foundation company will be familiar to private client and commercial practitioners alike, while key modifications to the Companies Law model company mean that it will be a highly flexible vehicle for achieving a wide range of private client, family office and philanthropic objectives.
Principal Features of a Foundation Company
Formation and Legal Status
The directors and members of an existing company or a company being formed may apply to the Registrar of Companies (the "Registrar") for the entity to be a foundation company. The Registrar may issue a declaration that an existing entity is a foundation company and, for a company being formed, may endorse such declaration on its certificate of incorporation. Either way, a foundation company is a body corporate with legal personality distinct from that of its members, directors, officers, supervisors and founder. Accordingly, it has capacity to sue and be sued and to hold property.
Statutory Requirements
For a company to be a foundation company:
(a) it must be limited by shares or by guarantee, with or without share capital;
(b) it must have a memorandum that:
(i) states that the company is a foundation company;
(ii) generally or specifically describes its objects;
(iii) provides, directly or by reference to its articles, for the disposal of any surplus assets the company may have on a winding up; and
(iv) prohibits dividends or other distributions of profits or assets to its members or proposed members as such;
(c) it must have adopted articles; and
(d) its secretary must be a qualified person (see below).
Objects and Powers
A foundation company may be formed for any lawful object which need not be beneficial to other persons. The optional model memorandum at Schedule 2 describes possible objects of a foundation company: acting as a holding company or an investment company or providing financial assistance or benefits to beneficiaries. A foundation company will have a duty to carry out its objects only if the memorandum expressly so declares and designates, or provides for the designation of, persons with standing to enforce the duty by action against the foundation company.
A foundation company's constitution (see below) may grant or authorise the grant to any person or description of persons, whether or not ascertained or in existence, the right to become a member of the foundation company and such right is enforceable by action against the foundation company. A foundation company may cease to have members if its memorandum so permits or requires and it continues to have one or more supervisors (see below). Ceasing to have members will not affect the foundation company's existence, capacity or powers. If a foundation company has ceased to have members, it may not subsequently admit members, or issue shares, unless expressly authorised to do so by its constitution. The model memorandum stipulates (and thus confirms) that the liability of members is limited.
This consists of a memorandum and articles; bylaws, if adopted, do not form part of the foundation company's constitution. The power to make or consent to alterations to a foundation company's memorandum may be given to any person or description of persons, whether or not members or supervisors, exercisable by such process as may be required by the constitution or, if no process is specified, by special resolution.
A foundation company must be limited by shares or by guarantee with or without share capital.
A foundation company's constitution may, as well as providing for its management by directors or their delegates, give rights, powers and duties of any type to members, directors, officers, supervisors, founders or others. Powers given by the constitution may be given for the benefit of the foundation company, for the benefit of the donee, or for any other purpose, and may be subject to any condition. Except as otherwise expressly provided by the constitution:
(a) duties are owed only to the foundation company;
(b) rights are enforceable against the foundation company only;
(c) a beneficiary as such has no powers or rights relating to the foundation company, its management or its assets and is not, as beneficiary, an "interested person" which class is limited to members, supervisors, persons declared under the constitution to be interested persons and those who have the right to be a member or supervisor;
(d) the directors shall give an interested person the reports, accounts, information and explanations concerning the foundation company's business and affairs; and
(e) an interested person may bring an action in the name of or on behalf of the foundation company for the enforcement of the duties or liabilities of directors in the same circumstances and manner as may a member of a company that is not a foundation company.
A foundation company must have at all times a qualified person as its secretary. A qualified person is a person who is licensed or permitted by the Companies Management Law (2003 Revision) to provide company management services in the Cayman Islands to the foundation company.
Contribution of Assets
A foundation company shall not accept an asset contribution that is gratuitous or is in consideration of a share issue unless its secretary has given the foundation company a notice that there appears to be no objection under regulatory laws to its acceptance. The secretary is under an obligation, subject to criminal sanction, to maintain a full and proper record of the secretary's activities and enquiries made for giving notices in relation to the acceptance of assets.
A foundation company may have supervisors, which are persons, other than members, who under the foundation company's constitution have a right to attend and vote at general meetings, whether or not the person has supervisory powers or duties.
Register of Supervisors
In addition to the register of directors, members and charges that Cayman Islands companies are required to keep, a foundation company must keep at its registered office an up to date register of supervisors. Failure to do so is subject to criminal sanction on the foundation company and every director or manager of the foundation company who knowingly and wilfully authorised or permitted the contravention.
A foundation company's constitution may provide for the resolution of disputes among its directors, officers, interested persons or beneficiaries (to the extent that beneficiaries have any rights) concerning the foundation company or its operations or affairs, or the duties, powers, or rights of persons under the constitution by arbitration or by any other lawful method.
Cayman Islands Tax Status
There are no forms of relevant direct taxation in the Cayman Islands and, if the objects of a proposed foundation company are to be carried out mainly outside the Cayman Islands, application may be made to register the proposed foundation company as an exempt company. Such registration will make the foundation company eligible for a tax exemption undertaking.
A foundation company that has a duty to carry out its objects has a right to apply to the Grand Court (the "Court") for an opinion, advice or directions. Further, section 48 of the Trusts Law (2011 Revision) (the "Trusts Law"), allowing for trustees and personal representatives to apply for the opinion or direction of the Court, will apply to foundation companies with appropriate modifications.
The principle enshrined in sections 92 and 93 of the Trusts Law, the 'foreign elements' provisions of the Cayman Islands Trusts Law, known also as its 'firewall' provisions, will apply to property contributed to foundation companies.
The Bill may become law during the first half of 2017, although it will not enter into force until a separate commencement order is published. We will provide further updates as the Bill moves through the legislative process, and once the commencement date for the new law is confirmed.


text:
So the Dallas-Denver brouhaha is not going away. La La Vazquez is still talking about her long night in Big D, only the language is getting much more colorful. She says fans were throwing around words like "bastard" and "fuck" and that one that even I won't spell without asterisks.
So many asterisks. La La gave an interview to MomLogic—which has somehow cornered the NBA WAG beat—and gave a few more details about the Game 4 throwdown between the Mavericks and their fans.
"They began yelling 'F*** the Nuggets!' right in front of my son." Then she says they started calling the Nuggets players "n*****s." She was shocked. "I've been at a ton of games — but I have NEVER heard fans say things like that." Then, looking directly at her while taunting Anthony on the court, Lala says the fans called her son a "bastard."
"I know it was directed at me. Yes, my son's dad and I are not married — but we are engaged!" Lala turned to the fans and said, "This is just a GAME! Do you even know these players?!" She then asked her babysitter to take Kiyan out of the arena. The fans, who by this time, claims Lala, were completely intoxicated, became even "more aggressive," yelling "F*** the Nuggets!" and insulting their families — namely, Lala says, her and Carmelo. Then they physically pushed her. Pushed to the edge, she turned around and yelled back.
TV cameras captured security guards approaching her. "They said they had seen the whole thing and told me I had done nothing wrong. I was NOT ejected, they just escorted me to a suite [for safety]. I was mad!"
Now let's not get caught up the technicalities of what makes someone a bastard—that's just plain rude. Whatever happened to Texas hospitality?
Lala: Fans Called My Son a Bastard! [MomLogic]


text:
CRS: Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues, July 28, 2006
From WikiLeaks
About this CRS report
This document was obtained by Wikileaks from the United States Congressional Research Service.
The CRS is a Congressional "think tank" with a staff of around 700. Reports are commissioned by members of Congress on topics relevant to current political events. Despite CRS costs to the tax payer of over $100M a year, its electronic archives are, as a matter of policy, not made available to the public.
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For previous editions of this report, try OpenCRS.
Wikileaks release: February 2, 2009
Publisher: United States Congressional Research Service
Title: Africa: U.S. Foreign Assistance Issues
CRS report number: RL33591
Author(s): Ted Dagne, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
Date: July 28, 2006
- Abstract
- The overall level of funding for aid to Africa remains a continuing subject of debate. Other issues include the eligibility of African countries for aid through the Millennium Challenge Account and U.S. support for the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), an African initiative linking increased aid with policy reform.
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text:
Rare Picture: Male Leopard Kills, Eats Cub
Though relatively common, infanticide is rarely witnessed in nature.
A photographer in Botswana has captured rare pictures of a male leopard (Panthera pardus) killing and eating a cub.
In March in a remote part of the Okavango Delta (map), Ryan Green was tracking a well-known female leopard named Legadema, who had hid her weeks-old cubs in a large tree hollow. (See pictures of Legadema as a cub in a 2007 article for National Geographic magazine.)
He noticed Legadema moving around nervously when a male new to the area emerged from her den with a mewling cub in its mouth.
The interloper settled with the baby under the tree, playing with it and licking it in an "almost intimate, affectionate fashion," Green said in a statement.
But "what appeared to be a gentle, tender encounter was in fact far more sinister": The male, later named Mmolai—killer in the national language Setswana—was slowly eating the cub, said Green, of Wilderness Safaris in Mombo.
After the male leopard left, "not a trace of what had recently happened remained—not a drop of blood, a wisp of fur, nothing," said Green, who later photographed Legadema carrying away a second cub.
As "horrifying" as it seems, infanticide is relatively common in nature. It often occurs when a male takes over a new territory and kills the young to which it's not related, noted Luke Hunter, president of the big-cat conservation group Panthera, which collaborates with National Geographic's Big Cats Initiative.
Though well documented in African lions (Panthera leo), the practice is rarely photographed in big cats—making Green's series of pictures unique, Hunter said.
Cub Killers Explained
Hunter and colleagues have been studying leopard infanticide near South Africa's Kruger National Park for 13 years. In data recently submitted for publication, the team found that 45 of 280 dead leopard cubs the researchers recorded during that period were killed by male leopards.
Males claiming new territory have a "sound evolutionary reason" to kill cubs—it brings the mothers back into heat, allowing the males to sire their own cubs. "They can't afford to be stepdads," Hunter said. (See more big-cat pictures.)
It's unknown how the males know which cubs are their own—for instance, it's unlikely that the males recognize each baby by scent. More likely, he said, is that the males remember individual adult females and whether they've met before.
A mother would certainly try to defend her young from a strange male, but if he successfully takes over her territory, her efforts would only postpone the eventual killing, Hunter said. (Watch video: "Eye of the Leopard.")
However, Hunter emphasized that male leopards aren't always "murderous, rampaging, rogue animals."
Territorial leopard males interact with females and cubs a lot, forming long-term bonds, he said.
And once they have their own young, he said, they care for and defend the cubs against other males, making them "excellent fathers."


text:
Reporting to Management-Why and How (CAD Manager Column)31 Jan, 2007 By: Robert Green
Helping management understand your job will help you perform better in the long run.
With all the tasks you juggle as a CAD manager, the last thing you want to worry about is writing reports to management, right? I sympathize. Writing reports can be a drudge, but you have some very compelling reasons to do them. Specifically, CAD managers enjoy better communication, fewer misunderstandings and generally better rapport when they engage senior management via good reporting.
A Sample Report
My challenge in this month's "CAD Manager" column is to convince you that reporting is a vital function that you should embrace, as well as to impart some tips to make it as painless as possible.
Let's Get Real
Be honest, you're the only CAD manager at your company, and nobody else really understands what you do that well. This lack of understanding means you operate in a vacuum in which you—and only you—know why you're doing what you're doing. When nobody else understands your duties, those around you can form misperceptions that can make you job even more difficult.
To target which facets of your job to report, you must combat the incorrect perceptions that exist in your company. Of course, each case is different, but the common misperceptions I've seen CAD managers suffer through include the following:
CAD management is easy. When people don't understand the details of what you do, they will almost always underestimate how hard your job is. And when users and management think your job is easy, they'll try to load more tasks on you, thus reducing your effectiveness even more.
CAD management is only a software issue. When management thinks that CAD management is just about software, it clearly doesn't know how many training, support, negotiation and human-resource problems that CAD managers face.
Not understanding upcoming dangers. Let's say you have a large-volume plotter that is outmoded and has a maintenance problem, but replacing it will be expensive so you keep putting off the issue. If you and only you understand the consequences of having a major plotting failure, then everyone will be in shock when the problem actually happens. And believe me when I say that they'll ask you, "Why didn't you tell us?"
CAD management is all overhead. When manage-ment thinks that CAD management is all overhead, it starts to question why CAD management is needed at all. And when senior management questions if they even need you, there's clearly a misperception of what you're actually doing.
Why Reporting is Crucial
So what should you do if you'd like to avoid all the nasty consequences of management misunderstanding your job? You should educate them with the right types of reports so that they never again mischaracterize what you do, that's what! Therefore, you should find ways to keep your man-agement in the loop using the most economical reporting format you can—more on that shortly.
Remember, you're the only person who can report on what's happening with CAD management—if you don't do it, who will? In fact, the biggest reason that CAD management misperceptions exist is precisely because most CAD managers don't report in a regular format that is easy for senior management to understand. Let's see how to make reporting really work for you with minimal effort.
A Format that Works
A simple way that I've found to report involves using a rolling diary-style format (see sidebar "A Sample Report,") on a weekly basis. Using this reporting scheme, you track what you've done and what you plan to do in a brief one-page memo and publish it to your management team on a predetermined day each week (Monday or Friday tends to work best).
The advantages of this reporting style are that you:
- 1. form a diary of tasks that documents the wide range of material (it will also serve to reinforce your value when it's time for your performance review);
- 2. get the benefit of seeing what you've actually achieved each week (it also keeps you focused on what you're trying to accomplish, and this sort of mental discipline is hard to maintain when fighting the common fires of CAD management);
- 3. raise the awareness of what CAD management really is and how valuable it is by just listing your tasks (in a sense you can brag about yourself without actually bragging if your weekly report shows how much you do); and
- 4. demonstrate to senior management your technical skills by documenting technical tasks, while the very report you write demonstrates your management prowess (again, this sort of self-promotion just tends to happen when you present a well-crafted weekly report).
The advantages of this reporting style for your management are that it can:
- 1. keep up with a lot of information very quickly because the report is very brief;
- 2. track how the tasks you work on affect projects because your report is written chronologically (remember that management is probably more worried about how technology problems affect schedules than it is about how you actually resolve the problem);
- 3. gain all these benefits on management's own timeframe, wherever senior managers may be (this means that when you meet with management in person, you'll be able to really focus on key issues rather than having to answer a bunch of task-based questions that you've already reported); and
- 4. start to understand the huge range of tasks you work on and come to understand that you have one foot in CAD space, one in production and yet another in management (they will come to this realization as they read multiple reports over a fairly long time span, but the realization will sink in, trust me).
Addressing Overhead
In addition to educating management about what you're doing, it's important that you address the issue of billable time versus overhead. Because many CAD managers are working engineers, architects and designers, the battle over what's overhead and what's job-billable will always be an issue. One way to reduce your overhead is to make CAD management tasks report to jobs and to demonstrate that in your reports.
To make the concept of overhead reduction clear in your reports, take care to emphasize which tasks in your report facilitate job production versus which ones represent overhead. You'll note in my sample report (see sidebar) that even for tasks such as standards formulation or project kickoff coordination, I've stressed the job with which the tasks are associated. By stressing CAD management tasks that actually facilitate job completion, you'll be more able to bill the time to actual jobs instead of to overhead. And even in cases where you can't, at least your reporting is showing management that your overhead activities do have a positive effect on billable jobs.
One-Stop Reporting
The CAD manager's job is hard enough when management knows what you're doing and supports you, but it's darnnear impossible when they don't. So rather than complaining about management not knowing what you do, why not use reporting techniques to fix the problem and gain support simultaneously? I've found that the regular, diary-style reporting format illustrated in this column allows CAD managers to stay on track, manage the details of their job, educate upper management and earn managerial support all at the same time. And from the standpoint of time management, isn't achieving all these results in one task a good thing?
So why not try to implement a reporting scheme along the lines of what I've presented and watch your organization get better while management supports you more? I promise it'll happen if you keep at it.
Robert Green performs CAD programming and consulting throughout the United States and Canada. You can reach him at email@example.com.
About the Author: Robert Green
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text:
Morning Edition: Leave the kid alone
There was an interesting scene in the clubhouse this morning. On the television, the crew at MLB Network was dissecting Domonic Brown's swing, pointing out flaws they feel have contributed to his slow start this spring. Harold Reynolds isn't exactly the most reserved analyst in the world, so much of the clubhouse was watching the critique. Brown was not in the room at the time. Not long after the segment ended, the rookie strolled in and headed to his locker.
"Good timing," one observer said.
After all, imagine if you were an accountant and you were sitting in a room with a bunch of your peers watching so-called experts pick apart your latest spreadsheet on cable television?
This is what it is like to be one of the most hyped prospects in recent Phillies history. All eyes are on you: not only those of the fans and the media, but those of your own coaching staff and your own front office and, to some degree, your own teammates. Baseball is a fascinating sport because it is one of the few in which all eyes in the stadium are trained on one individual: the batter in the box as he swings, the pitcher on the mound as he delivers. At any given time, there are at least nine other individuals on the field. But at the precise moment when an athlete performs his assigned task, he is all alone.
It's why a guy like Harvey Dorfman, who we write about in today's Daily News, was such a valuable resource for so many baseball players. In a remembrance that Peter Gammons wrote about Dorfman, he relays a quote from the late psychologist that captures the situation with an impressive degree of insight.
"They're just like you and me, only more gifted," Dorfman told Gammons once. "They bleed like you and I, only they do it in public."
Which is why being a reporter can sometimes be a difficult position. You are offered a front-row seat to the triumph, but also to the bleeding, and rather than submit to the natural human inclination to help alleviate the pain, your job is to describe it in graphic detail.
Brown's current situation is not nearly as melo-dramatic as the aforementioned paragraph. Yet it provides a good example of the dichotomy you sometimes feel as a reporter. Part of you realizes that people want to read about why Brown is 0-for-12 with eight strikeouts in his first four Grapefruit League games, but another part wants to just leave him the hell alone.
After all, Brown isn't the only player who is off to a slow start this spring. In fact, he has reached base one more time than either Ryan Howard or Raul Ibanez. If Brown goes 4-for-4 in his next game, he'll be hitting .250. Without a doubt, he is struggling to get comfortable right now. Without a doubt, there are some legitimate questions concerning his readiness to take over the vacancy in right field on an everyday basis. But those questions existed long before he went 0-for-12 with eight strikeouts in the first week of the Grapefruit League season, and they will exist even if he goes 8-for-8 with two home runs over the next two days. To a certain extent, they will exist until he has accumulated a couple of years of major league service. Really, the only thing to do is sit back and watch and occasionally check in and not treat every Grapefruit League game as if a career hangs in balance.
Of course, life under a microscope is part of the package when it comes to playing in Philadelphia. And Phillies fans will be happy to know that Brown seems to be handling that part just fine. By all accounts, including first-hand observation, this is a good kid with a good attitude and a quiet confidence and an easy-going nature, and all of that allows him to greet the never-ending line of media members with a relaxed smile instead of a frustrated scowl. It's all part of it, he tells himself, which is the same thing you tell yourself when you think about the fact that the best thing you could do for the kid is just leave him alone.
Paul Hagen writes about the Kid here.
Also in today's paper (which is something I'll try to do from here on out, since I've received several emails requesting me to do so):
-Chase Utley's uncertain health could prompt the Phillies to err on the side of an extra infielder when it comes time to fill out their bench. Among the contenders: Pete Orr, Delwyn Young and Josh Barfield, among others.
-Roy Halladay's relationship with Harvey Dorfman began with a chance encounter in a bookstore 11 years ago. It continues today, even after the death of his mentor.
-The Phillies appear to be making progress toward a new deal with Charlie Manuel.
Speaking of Brown, he gets a day off today against the Orioles. Roy Oswalt is scheduled to start, followed by Vance Worley. John Mayberry Jr. is in right field. Brian Schneider is catching. The rest of the regulars, aside from Utley, are in the line-up.
Download our NEW iPhone/Android app for easy access to all of our Phillies coverage, plus app-exclusive videos and analysis. Get it here.


text:
Comic-Con International once again offered exclusive programming to our friends in the comics retailing community, in addition to a special Retailer Networking Lounge, which was available to retailers all weekend long. It offered a place to sit and network with fellow storeowners and managers. Retailer programming at Comic-Con 2014 was arranged by ComicsPRO, the Comics Professional Retailer Organization. For more information on this organization, attend the Friday panels, or visit www.comicspro.org.
Click here for important information about attending panels and programs at Comic-Con 2014.
Quicklinks: Print Ready • Mobile Site • iCal Feeds • View MySched Features & Help Guide
If you are having problems loading the schedule below, click here to load it directly in a new window.


text:
As you can see from the willows in the distance, the wind was blowing, and now that the temperatures are trending downward for autumn it's far easier to forsake the Lycra without sweating through your clothes and looking like you've wet your pants.
Alas, today it is raining steadily and heavily, so instead of riding I retreated to the basement where I finally got around to packing up the Drysdale Special for its return journey to Classic Cycles on Bainbridge Island, WA:
While technically my last ride on this bike was last week when my son and I rolled on over to the park, my last "proper" ride (meaning with the ballet shoes and so forth) was to Central Park last weekend:
In my 11-ish years of typing words into this electronic box a lot of bicycles have passed between my legs, but the Drysdale stands out--mostly because it's old as shit, to be fair, but also because the experience of riding and old-as-shit bicycle is nothing short of revelatory inasmuch as by 1950 the road racing bicycle had already attained a state of considerable awesomeness:
Indeed, I will now acutely feel the absence of a vintage bicycle in my stable, and I've now got half a mind to put one together for myself. (Though fortunately I've got another half a mind to save the time and energy and not bother.) I'm also grateful to have had extensive firsthand experience with landmark bicycle componentry such as the Campagnolo Gran Sport derailleur, with which the Drysdale is equipped:
Anyway, I imagine it won't be my last spin back in time, as Classic Cycles have already indicated I may be in line for a vintage mountain bike next.
Guess I'd better shake out the jorts and grow myself a mustache.


text:
Magnesium is a nutrient that the body needs to stay healthy. Magnesium is important for many processes in the body, including regulating muscle and nerve function, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure and making protein, bone, and DNA.
The amount of magnesium you need depends on your age and sex. Average daily recommended amounts are listed below in milligrams (mg):
|Life Stage
|Recommended Amount
|Birth to 6 months
|30 mg
|Infants 7–12 months
|75 mg
|Children 1–3 years
|80 mg
|Children 4–8 years
|130 mg
|Children 9–13 years
|240 mg
|Teen boys 14–18 years
|410 mg
|Teen girls 14–18 years
|360 mg
|400–420 mg
|310–320 mg
|Pregnant teens
|400 mg
|Pregnant women
|350–360 mg
|Breastfeeding teens
|360 mg
|Breastfeeding women
|310–320 mg
Magnesium is found naturally in many foods and is added to some fortified foods. You can get recommended amounts of magnesium by eating a variety of foods, including the following:-Legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and green leafy vegetables (such as spinach)
Magnesium is available in multivitamin-mineral supplements and other dietary supplements. Forms of magnesium in dietary supplements that are more easily absorbed by the body are magnesium aspartate, magnesium citrate, magnesium lactate, and magnesium chloride.
Magnesium is also included in some laxatives and some products for treating heartburn and indigestion.
The diets of most people in the United States provide less than the recommended amounts of magnesium. Men older than 70 and teenage girls are most likely to have low intakes of magnesium. When the amount of magnesium people get from food and dietary supplements is combined, however, total intakes of magnesium are generally above recommended amounts.
In the short term, getting too little magnesium does not produce obvious symptoms. When healthy people have low intakes, the kidneys help retain magnesium by limiting the amount lost in urine. Low magnesium intakes for a long period of time, however, can lead to magnesium deficiency. In addition, some medical conditions and medications interfere with the body's ability to absorb magnesium or increase the amount of magnesium that the body excretes, which can also lead to magnesium deficiency. Symptoms of magnesium deficiency include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weakness. Extreme magnesium deficiency can cause numbness, tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, personality changes, and an abnormal heart rhythm.
The following groups of people are more likely than others to get too little magnesium:-People with gastrointestinal diseases (such as Crohn's disease and celiac disease)
Scientists are studying magnesium to understand how it affects health. Here are some examples of what this research has shown.
High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Magnesium supplements might decrease blood pressure, but only by a small amount. Some studies show that people who have more magnesium in their diets have a lower risk of some types of heart disease and stroke. But in many of these studies, it's hard to know how much of the effect was due to magnesium as opposed to other nutrients.
People with higher amounts of magnesium in their diets tend to have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Magnesium helps the body break down sugars and might help reduce the risk of insulin resistance (a condition that leads to diabetes). Scientists are studying whether magnesium supplements might help people who already have type 2 diabetes control their disease. More research is needed to better understand whether magnesium can help treat diabetes.
Magnesium is important for healthy bones. People with higher intakes of magnesium have a higher bone mineral density, which is important in reducing the risk of bone fractures and osteoporosis. Getting more magnesium from foods or dietary supplements might help older women improve their bone mineral density. More research is needed to better understand whether magnesium supplements can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis or treat this condition.
People who have migraine headaches sometimes have low levels of magnesium in their blood and other tissues. Several small studies found that magnesium supplements can modestly reduce the frequency of migraines. However, people should only take magnesium for this purpose under the care of a health care provider. More research is needed to determine whether magnesium supplements can help reduce the risk of migraines or ease migraine symptoms.
Magnesium that is naturally present in food is not harmful and does not need to be limited. In healthy people, the kidneys can get rid of any excess in the urine. But magnesium in dietary supplements and medications should not be consumed in amounts above the upper limit, unless recommended by a health care provider.
The upper limits for magnesium from dietary supplements and/or medications are listed below. For many age groups, the upper limit appears to be lower than the recommended amount. This occurs because the recommended amounts include magnesium from all sources—food, dietary supplements and medications. The upper limits include magnesium from only dietary supplements and medications; they do not include magnesium found naturally in food.
Limit for Magnesium
in Dietary Supplements
and Medications
|Birth to 12 months
|Not established
|Children 1–3 years
|65 mg
|Children 4–8 years
|110 mg
|Children 9–18 years
|350 mg
|350 mg
High intakes of magnesium from dietary supplements and medications can cause diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramping. Extremely high intakes of magnesium can lead to irregular heartbeat and cardiac arrest.
Yes. Magnesium supplements can interact or interfere with some medicines. Here are several examples:-Bisphosphonates, used to treat osteoporosis, are not well absorbed when taken too soon before or after taking dietary supplements or medications with high amounts of magnesium.
Tell your doctor, pharmacist, and other health care providers about any dietary supplements and prescription or over-the-counter medicines you take. They can tell you if the dietary supplements might interact with your medicines or if the medicines might interfere with how your body absorbs, uses, or breaks down nutrients.
People should get most of their nutrients from food, advises the federal government's Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Foods contain vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and other substances that benefit health. In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements may provide nutrients that otherwise may be consumed in less-than-recommended amounts. For more information about building a healthy diet, refer to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's MyPlate


text: How many of us know about how a misidentification of the chemical reaction between alcohol and the calcium carbonate in seawater, something chemists at the time were certainly aware of, led leading evolutionists to breathlessly proclaim incipient life covered the ocean floor? Who knows that genera and species were invented to support the 'fact' of evolution? The countless fakes and mistakes are not mild aberrations in a self-correcting march to truth. In fact, evolutionary theory itself comes under severe pressure from the evidence in this book. For instance, diagrams of developing embryos, from a supposedly expert academic, were so useful in persuading people that evolution was unquestionably true that their exposure as fraudulent was ignored. It took over 100 years for this fraud to be re-exposed, and textbook publishers have still been very reluctant to drop it. More recently, National Geographic triumphantly proclaimed a hybrid fossil as an ideal 'intermediate' between birds and dinosaurs. Their forced retraction of this glued-together monstrosity was barely noticeable. Disturbingly, the author also highlights secular work showing that, especially in the life sciences, we are presently in the grip of an unprecedented epidemic of scientific fraud. This eye-opening work should cause many to question their belief in evolution as 'scientific fact' and encourage everyone to critically examine all future evolutionary claims.


text:
Find your Exchange Device ID in iOS 11 and later
- Go to Settings > Passwords & Accounts.
- Select Add Account.
- Choose Microsoft Exchange from the list. Your Exchange Device ID is at the bottom of your screen.
If you restore your device to factory settings or move to a new device, you receive a new Exchange Device ID.


text: From which script file is the ISPConfig startup command issued? I'm trying to set it up on a machine that has runs nonstop to a graphical display manager (GDM) on startup. Apparently the GDM *forks* and startup processes continue in the background. The ISPConfig installation puts a startup command at the end of *some* file, which happens to be just after the startup of the GDM. Upon startup, ISPConfig tries to solicit a password for some of the encrypted key files used by Apache. However, because the GDM is up at this point, there's no easy way to enter the required password that allows ISPConfig to finish starting up. I either need to stall the GDM long enough for ISP to begin and get its password, or (preferable) I need to feed ISPConfig the password in/from the script file. From which init file is ISPConfig started?


text:
Spec URL: http://snavin.fedorapeople.org/packages/sugar-xoeditor/sugar-xoeditor.spec
SRPM URL: http://snavin.fedorapeople.org/packages/sugar-xoeditor/sugar-xoeditor-6-1.fc17.src.rpm
Editor for XO icon colors; this activity lets you explore different color patterns. You can use xoEditor to save these changes to your icon colors.
Fedora Account System Username: snavin
updated the spec and tested for rpmlint against spec, srpm and rpm
+ koji scratch build ->http://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/taskinfo?taskID=4246639
+ rpmlint on rpms gave
2 packages and 0 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 0 warnings.
+ Source verified with upstream as (sha1sum)
03a04f1089be6d54c056d70a32d97018db34d46e xoEditor-6.tar.bz2
03a04f1089be6d54c056d70a32d97018db34d46e ../SOURCES/xoEditor-6.tar.bz2
- License is GPLv3.
1) Change the license tag to GPLv3+
2) Remove the following line from spec
fixed both suggestions
Recent update looks Ok.
Package APPROVED.
Since the activity requires gconf, shouldn't a requires on gnome-python2-gconf be added ? ( the policy is not explicit into what is part of the base platform :
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Packaging:SugarActivityGuidelines )
There is also a bundled library in it ( sprites.py ), under a different license. Not sure if something need to be done there too.
As I have already decided not to sponsor the reporter and its already been 4 months reporter has not sought any sponsorship from any other sponsor, pushing back this to new queue as I don't know what to do with this reviewed package ticket.
There's a new review request for the same package, bug #969671. I will mark this one as a duplicate, because there is no progress for almost one year.
*** This bug has been marked as a duplicate of bug 969671 ***
I could not get the sponsorship till last week. Few days ago I got the sponsorship from Peter Robinson. I hope you have seen my requests in the devel list.
You have made the changed after I get the sponsorship.
I already sent the list of bugs to be review to Parag if he have free time to work on it.
You better asked before closing. :)
I will discus this with Kapla.
I didn't notice that you have already packaged and files a review request. You may continue with this and I'll mark mine a duplicate of this. You better file the request for the latest upstream version. Version 11 is there
*** Bug 969671 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. ***
thanks Kalpa
Updated to version 11
SPEC file URL: http://snavin.fedorapeople.org/packages/sugar-xoeditor/sugar-xoeditor.spec
SRPM URL: http://snavin.fedorapeople.org/packages/sugar-xoeditor/sugar-xoeditor-11-1.fc18.src.rpm
(In reply to Danishka Navin from comment #8)
> You better asked before closing. :)
Sorry for the inconvenience. I will do the review for you in return :)
python-devel is deprecated, use python2-devel instead:
is obsolete and can be dropped for all currently supported Fedora versions and
COPYING contains the GPLv3, not GPLv2. Moreover, licensecheck says:
$ licensecheck -r *
game.py: GPL (v3 or later)
setup.py: *No copyright* UNKNOWN
sprites.py: MIT/X11 (BSD like)
toolbar_utils.py: GPL (v3 or later)
XOEditorActivity.py: GPL (v3 or later)
That's why the license tag has to be "GPLv3+ and MIT"
Thanks Mario for the review and comments.
SPEC file URL: http://snavin.fedorapeople.org/packages/sugar-xoeditor/sugar-xoeditor.spec
SRPM URL: http://snavin.fedorapeople.org/packages/sugar-xoeditor/sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc18.src.rpm
Scratch build:
$ rpmlint -i -v *
sugar-xoeditor.src: I: checking
sugar-xoeditor.src: I: checking-url http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/XoEditor (timeout 10 seconds)
sugar-xoeditor.src: I: checking-url http://download.sugarlabs.org/sources/honey/xoEditor/xoEditor-11.tar.bz2 (timeout 10 seconds)
sugar-xoeditor.noarch: I: checking
sugar-xoeditor.noarch: I: checking-url http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/XoEditor (timeout 10 seconds)
sugar-xoeditor.spec: I: checking-url http://download.sugarlabs.org/sources/honey/xoEditor/xoEditor-11.tar.bz2 (timeout 10 seconds)
2 packages and 1 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 0 warnings.
Rpmlint is happy :)
[.] OK, not applicable
[X] needs work
[+] MUST: rpmlint must be run on the source rpm and all binary rpms the build produces. The output should be posted in the review.
[+] MUST: The package must be named according to the Package Naming Guidelines.
[+] MUST: The spec file name must match the base package %{name}, in the format %{name}.spec unless your package has an exemption.
[+] MUST: The package must meet the Packaging Guidelines.
[+] MUST: The package must be licensed with a Fedora approved license and meet the Licensing Guidelines.
[+] MUST: The License field in the package spec file must match the actual license.
GPLv3+ and MIT
[+] MUST: If (and only if) the source package includes the text of the license(s) in its own file, then that file, containing the text of the license(s) for the package must be included in %doc.
[+] MUST: The spec file must be written in American English.
[+] MUST: The spec file for the package MUST be legible.
[+] MUST: The sources used to build the package must match the upstream source, as provided in the spec URL. Reviewers should use sha256sum for this task as it is used by the sources file once imported into git. If no upstream URL can be specified for this package, please see the Source URL Guidelines for how to deal with this.
$ sha256sum *
2bd2829b77130606cbb0bc16793c49be3fcba0461da1b27eb9743642d14c8029 xoEditor-11.tar.bz2
2bd2829b77130606cbb0bc16793c49be3fcba0461da1b27eb9743642d14c8029 xoEditor-11.tar.bz2.orig
[+] MUST: The package MUST successfully compile and build into binary rpms on at least one primary architecture.
[.] MUST: If the package does not successfully compile, build or work on an architecture, then those architectures should be listed in the spec in ExcludeArch. Each architecture listed in ExcludeArch MUST have a bug filed in bugzilla, describing the reason that the package does not compile/build/work on that architecture. The bug number MUST be placed in a comment, next to the corresponding ExcludeArch line.
[+] MUST: All build dependencies must be listed in BuildRequires, except for any that are listed in the exceptions section of the Packaging Guidelines ; inclusion of those as BuildRequires is optional. Apply common sense.
[+] MUST: The spec file MUST handle locales properly. This is done by using the %find_lang macro. Using %{_datadir}/locale/* is strictly forbidden.
[.] MUST: Every binary RPM package (or subpackage) which stores shared library files (not just symlinks) in any of the dynamic linker's default paths, must call ldconfig in %post and %postun.
[.] MUST: Packages must NOT bundle copies of system libraries.
[.] MUST: If the package is designed to be relocatable, the packager must state this fact in the request for review, along with the rationalization for relocation of that specific package. Without this, use of Prefix: /usr is considered a blocker.
[+] MUST: A package must own all directories that it creates. If it does not create a directory that it uses, then it should require a package which does create that directory.
[+] MUST: A Fedora package must not list a file more than once in the spec file's %files listings. (Notable exception: license texts in specific situations)
[+] MUST: Permissions on files must be set properly. Executables should be set with executable permissions, for example.
[+] MUST: Each package must consistently use macros.
[+] MUST: The package must contain code, or permissable content.
[.] MUST: Large documentation files must go in a -doc subpackage. (The definition of large is left up to the packager's best judgement, but is not restricted to size. Large can refer to either size or quantity).
[+] MUST: If a package includes something as %doc, it must not affect the runtime of the application. To summarize: If it is in %doc, the program must run properly if it is not present.
[.] MUST: Static libraries must be in a -static package.
[.] MUST: Development files must be in a -devel package.
[.] MUST: In the vast majority of cases, devel packages must require the base package using a fully versioned dependency: Requires: %{name}%{?_isa} = %{version}-%{release}
[.] MUST: Packages must NOT contain any .la libtool archives, these must be removed in the spec if they are built.
[.] MUST: Packages containing GUI applications must include a %{name}.desktop file, and that file must be properly installed with desktop-file-install in the %install section. If you feel that your packaged GUI application does not need a .desktop file, you must put a comment in the spec file with your explanation.
[+] MUST: Packages must not own files or directories already owned by other packages. The rule of thumb here is that the first package to be installed should own the files or directories that other packages may rely upon. This means, for example, that no package in Fedora should ever share ownership with any of the files or directories owned by the filesystem or man package. If you feel that you have a good reason to own a file or directory that another package owns, then please present that at package review time.
[+] MUST: All filenames in rpm packages must be valid UTF-8.
[.] SHOULD: If the source package does not include license text(s) as a separate file from upstream, the packager SHOULD query upstream to include it.
[.] SHOULD: The description and summary sections in the package spec file should contain translations for supported Non-English languages, if available.
[+] SHOULD: The reviewer should test that the package builds in mock.
See Koji build above (which uses Mock anyway).
[+] SHOULD: The package should compile and build into binary rpms on all supported architectures.
[.] SHOULD: The reviewer should test that the package functions as described. A package should not segfault instead of running, for example.
[.] SHOULD: If scriptlets are used, those scriptlets must be sane. This is vague, and left up to the reviewers judgement to determine sanity.
[.] SHOULD: Usually, subpackages other than devel should require the base package using a fully versioned dependency.
[.] SHOULD: The placement of pkgconfig(.pc) files depends on their usecase, and this is usually for development purposes, so should be placed in a -devel pkg. A reasonable exception is that the main pkg itself is a devel tool not installed in a user runtime, e.g. gcc or gdb.
[.] SHOULD: If the package has file dependencies outside of /etc, /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, or /usr/sbin consider requiring the package which provides the file instead of the file itself.
[.] SHOULD: your package should contain man pages for binaries/scripts. If it doesn't, work with upstream to add them where they make sense.
New Package SCM Request
Package Name: sugar-xoeditor
Short Description: Editor for xo icon colors
Owners: snavin
Branches: f17 f18 f19
small mistake. I was suppose to set fedora-cvs?
Git done (by process-git-requests).
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc18 has been submitted as an update for Fedora 18.
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc17 has been submitted as an update for Fedora 17.
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc19 has been submitted as an update for Fedora 19.
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc19 has been pushed to the Fedora 19 testing repository.
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc19 has been pushed to the Fedora 19 stable repository.
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc17 has been pushed to the Fedora 17 stable repository.
sugar-xoeditor-11-2.fc18 has been pushed to the Fedora 18 stable repository.


text:
Agreement between the Algerian Ministry of Culture and the INRAP with the support of the World Heritage Centre
On 21 July 2009, the Algerian Ministry of Culture and the National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP) signed a cooperation agreement with the support of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. The ceremony took place in Algiers with the participation of the Algerian Ministry of Culture's Director of International Cooperation, the Ambassador of France, the President of INRAP and the Program Specialist representing the World Heritage Centre.
The agreement allowed archaeological diagnostic works before construction began of the Algiers subway station, Place des Martyrs. This preventive archaeological operation, unprecedented in Algeria, was initiated by the national authorities and led by the Ministry of Culture in collaboration with the Ministry of Transportation and in partnership with INRAP.
Located in Algiers, in the lower Kasbah, the project to extend the subway line is located in the area of the Kasbah that has been listed as Algerian national heritage since 1973 and was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1992. In 2003, the National Commission of Cultural Sites declared the Kasbah a Protected Sector.
The archaeological diagnostic works confirmed information that had been previously found in archives. The area includes a part of the area of Ikosim, an ancient trading post. This city was an integral part of the Mauretanian kingdom of Juba II (52 B.C.-23 A.D.), where the capital was Caesare (currently known as Cherchell). Ikosim, under the Romanized name of Icosium, became a Roman municipality, a status enjoyed by autonomous cities within the Empire.
In the VIIth century, with the advent of Islam, the Tribe of Benou Mezghana settled there. In 1516, the corsair Arudj known as 'Redbeard' founded a republic in Algiers that would resist Charles-Quint. The city would greatly develop starting in the XVIth century with the Ottomans, and, starting in 1830, the colonial period would leave its mark.
The first results of the archaeological works have unearthed vestiges of high importance which reinforce the outstanding universal value of the site.
You can also read the related article on the French Embassy in Algeria web site


text:
A Sudoku puzzle maker and solver
Simple Sudoku makes high quality puzzles that are symmetrical, have a single solution, and do not require trial & error to solve. The user can also choose between five levels of complexity - from Easy to Extreme. Each puzzle is generated randomly so there is an almost limitless selection.