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|The White House
President George W. Bush
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For Immediate Release
Office of the Vice President
October 6, 2004
VP and Mrs. Cheney's Remarks and Q&A at a Coffee with Community Leaders in Gainesville, Florida
Gainesville Harley-Davidson & Buell
Gainesville, Florida
MRS. CHENEY: Now, Dick said that I got to start today, and that's just because I wanted to share some things with you. It was so much fun, that debate last night. I just -- it was just thrilling to watch. (Applause.)
And we had a great rally afterwards, and that was just so energizing, too. And what I've had fun doing today is reading some of the comments from pundits. And I thought I'd read -- some of those -- not all. But there are some really good ones here.
This is NBC's Tim Russert. He writes -- or he said last night: "I think Dick Cheney could audition for the lead role in the Apprentice if Donald Trump ever gets tired. (Laughter.) I'm sorry, Senator, you're fired. You just don't measure up." (Laughter.)
And here's another one I liked. This is Tom Brokaw: "Dick Cheney reminded me of George Foreman, kind of a slow gait, but a powerful right hand when he unleashed it." (Laughter.)
Here's Chris Matthews. He called the debate between Vice President Cheney and Senator Edwards a debate between "the howitzer and the water pistol." (Laughter and applause.)
Here's Don Imus -- those of you who listen or watch Don Imus know that he's gone to the dark side this year, but he says:
"I'm supporting Senator Edwards and Senator Kerry. That's who I intend to vote for. Edwards got killed." (Laughter.)
And this is my favorite and the last one. This is the Boston Herald's Mike Barnicle. "I am only surprised that at the end of the debate, at the end of 90 minutes, Dick Cheney did not turn to John Edwards and say, by the way, give me the car keys, too." (Laughter.)
So with that, ladies and gentlemen, the Vice President. (Applause.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Well, we want to thank all of you for being here today, and thank Gail for hosting this, and allowing us to use this beautiful Harley-Davidson dealership. It's really a remarkable success story. And we're delighted to have the opportunity to spend some time with all of you today.
What we usually do at these events is I make a few remarks, and then we open it up to questions so you have an opportunity to offer comments or advice, or ask questions about subjects you want to talk about, as well, too.
We might just quickly go around the table and you could identify what you do. I know we've got a lot of small business folks here and so forth, and then I'll be happy to offer a few comments. I'll try to keep mine fairly brief so we get a chance to ask some questions.
(Conversation inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Well, we're, I say, delighted to have the opportunity to spend some time with all of you today.
A couple of subjects that we might talk about today. If we think about the whole area of small business, obviously, I think at the heart of the distinction, if you will, between what the President wants to do, and I think what Senator Kerry believes in is that it's a philosophical difference in the sense that we believe very strongly that small businesses are in many respects the key to our economy, that seven out of 10 new jobs are created by small businesses, that the success of our recovery to date from the recession and the aftermath of 9/11 in no small part has been due to the great efforts of the entrepreneurial sector, if you will, and their workers.
There is a great temptation in Washington for people to sit there and think that nothing happens unless Washington ordains that it happen. And the President believes very deeply, as I do, that the greatness of America lies out here around the country, whether it's Gainesville, or my hometown of Casper, Wyoming, or Denver, Colorado, or Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania -- wherever it might be, and that it's the entrepreneurial spirit and really the genius of the American economy.
And we need to think about that in all that we do with respect to trying to promote economic growth. It's really a matter not so much of the government creating jobs, as the government creating circumstances in which it's possible for others to invest and take a certain amount of risk to create opportunities, and to create great businesses like this and the ones many of you represent here today.
To do that, we've got to get it right in terms of federal policy in a number of different areas. There's no one magic silver bullet that solves all problems, but there are several obviously that help. One is in the whole area of taxation. We think that it's important to remember that part of what has occurred with respect to the tax changes the President made and the tax cuts has been targeted specifically on making it possible for small businesses to invest and create additional opportunities -- whether we talk about quadrupling the amount that could be expensed, or cutting the top rate -- income tax rate, and remembering that some 900,000 small businesses around the country, in effect, pay that top individual rate. And the proposal that Senator Kerry has got to raise taxes on the upper brackets specifically would do serious damage to small businesses and again, start to strangle, if you will, the sector that's most important in terms of economic growth.
We also think that it's very important for us to deal with litigation reform. I had the experience the other day -- we visited an airplane manufacturer in northern Minnesota. Twenty years ago they didn't exist, a start-up company. Today, they're the second largest producer, manufacturer of single-engine, piston-driven aircraft in the country -- 900 employees. But because of the liability situation they're faced with, he thinks he could -- with the funds that would -- that he otherwise has to spend on liability insurance, he could hire an additional 200 people. And it's not that we're by any means opposed to our legal system because in many respects it functions very well, and there needs to be the opportunity for people who are aggrieved to find a place where they can go and get things set aright.
But we do have a situation where we've got a very significant litigation cost built into virtually all aspects of our economy -- if you look at our situation relative to many other countries, and we need to keep that in mind -- especially when we to keep that in mind, especially when we think about the future. And tort reform and ending frivolous lawsuits, moving in the direction of creating a just but nonetheless, less burdensome, if you will, legal system would go a long way towards helping and assisting.
Other areas we worry about -- the cost of health care. When you think about the uninsured in America, 60 percent of the uninsured either work for or own small businesses. And finding ways to assist our small business owners in terms of being able to provide or contribute to things like health benefits for their employees is an important issue that needs to be addressed, as well, too.
The proposal that the President has there would deal with the health savings accounts. Right now, of course, as part of the Medicare reform package, we got health savings accounts approved. People are able to set aside tax-free funds to pay out-of-pocket medical expenses. The next step is to allow them, as well, to deduct the premiums on a catastrophic insurance policy to make that deductible at the same time so it would be possible, for example, for small business owners to contribute a portion to help their employees through their health savings accounts meet some of their basic needs and requirements by way of purchasing a catastrophic policy to handle those kinds of illnesses and medical emergencies that can wipe out or destroy a family.
We want to move also with association health plans that allow small businesses to come together, pool their demands if you will, and achieve the same kind of savings that a large corporation can. We think that would go a long way toward reducing the costs overall of providing health benefits. So a series of issues like that we'll continue to address that we think are very important.
Our view of the way the Kerry-Edwards team approaches it is basically they are talking about raising taxes, and claim it's only going to be on the very upper crust. But if you look at their overall package, there isn't any way they can do what they say they want to do, for example, add about $2.5 trillion in new spending is the estimate, and simultaneously cut the deficit in half, unless you talk about significant, across-the-board tax increases. We think that's the wrong to go. We think that's exactly the wrong medicine at this stage in our economic recovery and would serve to place an added burden on the economy. And as I say, unfortunately when they're talking about upper income levels, you don't strike just the rich, you also do serious damage to the part of that engine that drives the American economy -- especially successful small businesses.
That will be part of the debate and part of what the American people wrestle with and will have to decide on November 2nd. We obviously are going to find, as well, too the debate of national security policy.
I won't dwell on that today. I'm happy to answer questions on it. We talked about it a lot last night. The President talked about it a lot last Thursday I guess it was. I bottom-line think that we're in one of those turning points in American history where we're setting the strategy and putting in place institutions that are going to, in effect, be the keys to our national security for perhaps 30 or 40 years to come. Just as at the end of World War II, we were faced with the Cold War and we had to create new institutions such as the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence Agency. And we had to form new alliances -- the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and reorient our thinking in order to deal with the Soviet threat. And we did it successfully, supported it under Republican and Democratic administrations alike. And of course, 40 years later, the Soviet Union collapsed. The Cold War ended on terms favorable to the United States.
Now, with the global war on terror, faced with a different kind of threat, we need a different kind of strategy. And that's the one President Bush has put in place, and the idea both of working to harden our defenses here at home, but also recognizing we have to go on offense. It's not enough simply to stand up strong defenses here at home because you can't be 100 percent successful in that kind of effort.
With the threat being the possibility of terrorists ending up in the middle of one of our own cities with a deadly weapon -- perhaps a biological agent, or even a nuclear weapon -- and being able to threaten the lives of hundreds of thousands of Americans, it's very important that we also go on offense. We have to go after the terrorists wherever we find them, and we have to go after those who support terror, the state sponsors of terror who provide them with safe harbor or sanctuary, or weapons, or financial support. And that's what we've done both in Afghanistan and Iraq.
And having succeeded there in terms of capturing and killing large numbers of al Qaeda and taking down the regime of Saddam Hussein and the Taliban, we then have to complete the mission by taking the final step, which is to establish democratically elected governments in those two nations. And it's democracy that's going to be the ultimate safeguard to guarantee those nations don't revert back to being breeding grounds for terror, or for the development of those deadly technologies that terrorists might try to use against us.
And that's at the heart of the debate, is whether or not the country is going to embrace and endorse that strategy that the President has, I think, successfully pursued up until now, or whether we'll opt for the Kerry approach which, frankly, most people have trouble figuring out what it would be. He's been all over the lot in terms of what his views are with respect to the war on terror and operations, in particular, in Iraq.
They, as I said last night in the debate in Cleveland, there's a tendency on the part of -- at least John Edwards and I think John Kerry, as well, too, for a lot of tough talk about how they'll quote "crush the terrorists" but tough talk in a 90-minute debate doesn't obscure, or can't be allowed to obscure a 20-year record in the United States Senate where Senator Kerry has come down virtually on the wrong side of every major defense issue during his entire career in the United States Senate -- in terms of weapons systems, in terms of basic, fundamental approach to national security strategy.
The American people will make a choice on November 2nd. It's now a little over three weeks away -- but who's counting. (Laughter.) We're -- I think we're headed on the right course, both domestically and internationally. I think the President has got exactly the kinds of qualities we want to see in our Commander-in-Chief. And so we're obviously hopeful that the American people will ratify that approach and that he'll have the opportunity to continue to do what he's done so ably for the next four years.
With that, let me stop and I'll be happy to respond to questions on those or other subjects.
Q (Inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Thank you.
Q The President spoke about our IRS system for the taxes -- do you think in the next four years, we'll see some type of a change?
THE VICE PRESIDENT: He feels very strongly about the need to try to put together a bipartisan effort to reform and simplify the tax code. One estimate I saw the other day that we spend something -- over 6 billion man-hours of effort, yes, man-hours of effort just trying to comply with the federal tax code. It's gotten so complicated and so complex, and that there are significant economic savings to the extent we can find a way to come up with a simpler, fairer code and generate the necessary revenue for the country. We don't have a specific answer in mind at this point -- a number of ideas floating around out there, but this is something that we think offers significant potential to all of us. I'm in the same boat as a great many other Americans. I probably couldn't fill out my own tax return. I don't have the time. And so you go get somebody else to do it for you, and it's a great industry -- for my accountant, and everybody else's accountant. But when you think about the way in which we do it, it does, in fact, represent a cost added on, layered on, if you will to our economy just as our tort system does. And there ought to be ways to do it more efficiently and more effectively and still do what has to be done by way of collecting sufficient revenues to finance essential government services.
Q (Inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: We think it'll help for a couple of reasons. One, the -- if you look at several things we've done, one of the most important things is Medicare reform in this last Congress. For years we talked about it, and finally the President got it done, so that we now will cover a portion of prescription drug costs for seniors, 40 million seniors around the country. Why is that important? Well, I'm walking, living proof, you know, that there are ways to deal with coronary artery disease these days and go on to live a perfectly normal life.
The way we've dealt with it for years and the way Medicare has financed it is bypass surgery. But you cannot get through Medicare access to the prescription drugs -- the statins, for example -- that might help you avoid ever having to have major heart surgery. There is a case of a classic trade-off, where we've said that we can take advantage of modern technology, that ought to help make the provision of health care overall more efficient and also make some procedures unnecessary because there are other, better ways to do it.
We think health savings accounts help because they, in effect, put the patient directly in relationship where he's got a health savings account, he's contributed funds to it, maybe his employer has contributed to it, as well, to pay out of pocket expenses, rather than through a third-party payer. And we think people will be more effective consumers when they understand what it is they're purchasing. So the marketplace will begin to work. And we think that will be a place.
Getting medical liability reform is a major area, as well, too. One of the problems we've run into in my home state of Wyoming -- I think Florida is in the same state, at the last stop in Tallahassee, we received the endorsement of the Florida Medical Association. And the problem there is the way -- some states, and this is to some extent a state, as well as a federal issue -- the way the medical malpractice system now works, we've driven up malpractice rates so high that the cost is well, for one thing, driving a lot of docs out of business. I sat down the other day with a group of OB/GYN practitioners. They were to the point where one of them said now they were finding it necessary -- she was finding it necessary to screen patients and not take high-risk patients. So she was fearful that she would be sued if somebody got into trouble and that that would, in turn, put her in a position where her malpractice rates would go up and she'd be out of business.
What that means for the community is that a certain class of patients -- those who are high-risk -- aren't going to get the kind of care that they might otherwise. We also, of course, end up and we have doctors practicing defensive medicine, oftentimes ordering tests not so much because it's necessarily indicated that it needs to be done, as to avoid a situation in which they'd be vulnerable to lawsuit down the road if something goes wrong.
In my home state of Wyoming, we're to the point now we're a crisis state, as I mentioned same as Florida, we're holding -- had a special session of the legislature, we'll have an amendment on the ballot this fall because of the major malpractice insurance providers pull out, the cost of malpractice insurance for a general practitioner in my home town has gone from $40,000 a year to $100,000 a year in about a three-year period of time. We can't get new doctors to come in. It adds ultimately to the overall cost of providing health care.
There are ways to deal with it that's fair to everybody involved. Again, I want to emphasize you want to have a system that allows people who have legitimate grievances to pursue the redress of those grievances in court -- that's their right and they ought to have that opportunity. But we also need a system in which we get settlements that are fair and don't drive up the cost so much that you adversely affect the care that's available to others who aren't even directly involved in that transaction. California has done it fairly effectively. They've put a cap on non-economic damages and also a limit, a sliding scale limit on attorneys' fees. As the award goes up, the percentage that the attorneys take goes down. And there the effect has been very positive.
So there are ways to address these issues. We support medical liability reform that's gotten through the House of Representatives, it's been blocked in the Senate. Senator Kerry has voted no on it 10 times. John Edwards also is opposed to medical malpractice reform or medical liability reform in any way that we think would be effect. So those are some of the things that would help.
Q (Inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: I'm not prepared today to advocate any one particular approach. The fact is the way we're organized today we've got a system that is very progressive, from the standpoint of placing most of the burden on folks of the upper level -- it doesn't get talked about very much. That's what we've done over the years; it's been generally supported.
The tax package that we got through last year, basically under the Bush administration, takes 5 million people at the lower end of the income level totally off the income tax rolls altogether, so they don't have any federal income tax liability.
If you look at the way the situation is set up, people in the bottom 80 percent have actually had their rate -- the total tax that they contribute go down as a result of the changes -- the tax changes we made. And people at the upper 20 percent have seen theirs go up as a result of the changes. It's partly because a lot of what we did was we reduced the marriage penalty, we doubled the child tax credit, we established a new 10 percent bracket for lower income individuals. All of those have been targeted at middle-income or lower income families. So it has not been a change just in the upper levels.
But I think that what we need to do, and what the President wants to do is say, sit down -- you'll have to do it on a bipartisan basis. It's the kind of thing that you can never do unilaterally, just one party. It needs to be done on a bipartisan basis and there are a lot of ideas out there that need to be considered. You've got to pull together a group of folks and begin the process. It's been a long time -- I guess 1986 was the last time we had a serious effort at tax reform, during Reagan's --
Q (Inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: I haven't -- I haven't come across that. I'm unaware of any proposal; there may be one kicking around in the Ways and Means Committee -- they've had just about every idea imaginable you could find up there in Ways and Means. It is an interesting problem.
Q (Inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: On the death tax, we think it's fundamentally unfair. People work throughout their lives to build a business or to build a farm or ranch, they pay taxes on that as they go along. And then when they pass on they get taxed again, the estate gets taxed again. And we just think that's fundamentally wrong, that's double taxation that we don't think is right.
We got it repealed in the tax bill we passed in '01. It phases down over time and goes away, as I recall, in about 2011.
Q (Inaudible.)
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Right. And the reason for that phase out is because under the Senate rules, the way we passed it, we had to use -- we didn't have 60 votes, we had to use, it's called reconciliation under the budget rules. And under reconciliation, everything after 10 years automatically reverts back to what it was when you started, unless you extend it. And so we need to get it extended. That's part of making the Bush tax cut permanent. But we're heading in the right direction. And as I say, we're going to be on the downward path at least now and for the next seven years.
On energy, we agree it's absolutely crucial, a building block for our society, our economy. You can't heat and cool your homes, or have a transportation system or run a business, any of the things that need to be done, without adequate supplies of affordable energy. And we're in a situation today where the world demand, especially for oil, has pretty rapidly outstripped supply. We've gotten to a point where we consume over 80 million barrels a day now worldwide, about 20 million barrels of that here in the U.S. And the producers are running pretty much flat out. So you get a blip in the production -- hurricanes come through the Gulf, you have to shut down the offshore platforms, the workers have to come ashore -- but we're now running below normal levels with respect to Gulf production. And that, in turn, obviously affects that overall balance. You get unrest in Nigeria, and the Delta region over there, and that adversely affects the supply.
And so it's an area where we need to do everything we can to reduce our dependence on foreign sources, but it's a long-term prospect. We put up an energy plan. It had 106 specific recommendations; a lot of those we implemented administratively. But we need legislative approval for a chunk of it, that would emphasize, among other things, conservation, new technology, investment in things like hydrogen fuel cells and technology, and so forth -- but there are longer-term solutions. Natural gas is a big problem. Prices have gone up there pretty dramatically. We got a lot of natural gas on the north slope of Alaska that's produced in conjunction with the gas -- or the oil production up there on the north slope. And we re-inject it right back into the ground, because we don't have anything we can do with it. We need a pipeline, a gas pipeline, that runs from Alaska down to the lower 48, and incentives to build such a pipeline are in that energy bill.
There are a number of things in there that are valuable. Again, we got it through the House. It's plugged up in the Senate. It's been filibustered in the Senate, and that's one of those that came up two votes short, and Senators Kerry and Edwards weren't there when it came to a vote. They're opposed to it anyway, I think. But we'll keep pushing on that so we can get a decent energy bill through.
We will continue to have to deal with the fact that we're dependent on foreign sources, and that means we're going to be subjected to the vicissitudes of the international marketplace in terms of the price of oil, in particular. And we need to do everything we can to be more efficient and, at the same time, produce more and find alternatives.
On trade, we have moved aggressively on trade because we think it's important that the United States have access to all those international markets -- agriculture, in particular. I think every third acre in production in America is for the export market. So it's important for us to have access to the foreign markets, and that means we've got to have trading arrangements. I think China is now the leading export market, I think, for soybeans and something else. I can't remember exactly what it is now. We've had a 140 percent increase in one year in our agricultural exports to China. So trade is crucial to our economy.
We've got some 12 million Americans whose jobs are directly dependent on the export market. So negotiating these trade agreements is crucial. But, of course, you've got to make certain that you do it on a fair and equitable basis. You can't trade off one sector of the economy for another. And agriculture has been especially troublesome for years because it is so complex. It is so crucial, and a central sector of every economy in the world. The Europeans have got their approach. It has made them very reluctant to enter into any kind of a trading agreement that affects their European agricultural policy, as well, over there.
What we've done -- we've negotiated, I believe, a total of 12 bilateral free-trade agreements over the course of the last three years. We've got 10 more in the works. That will give us access to a market -- a combined market of about $2.5 trillion, would make it the third largest export market in the United States, that combination of 22 countries.
The most recent one -- the one you're probably talking about is CAFTA, the trade agreement that's up now. It has been negotiated. It's pending before the Congress. We think it's a good package. It gives us pretty much wide open access to those markets in Central America. The big issue has been sugar, in terms of our producers here at home. But we believe that if you look at the Agriculture Act, the domestic program doesn't kick in until we get to about 1.4 million tons imports, and we're at about 1.1 million now -- have been consistently in the past. And there's about a 300,000-ton cushion there that we think will more than cover what we'll get from Central America. So we think we can manage that. The Agriculture Department is watching it very carefully. They're confident, I say, that we've already got built into the system slack so that the domestic sugar program won't kick in with respect to the agreement that we've negotiated with the Central American countries. But, obviously, it bears watching.
One immigrant workers, the guest worker program has worked in the past. There have been guest worker programs off and on over the years. I know out West, California and so forth, we used to have a fairly successful program there. The President originally started talking with President Fox of Mexico about trying to improve that situation. He's obviously eager to have people come to work in the United States. From our perspective, you're right it was complicated by 9/11 because all of a sudden the priority has been placed on making certain that we don't have terrorists coming into the United States, and so the major emphasis is then on tightening up on the flow of people back and forth across the border. That's taken priority over the question of having a guest worker program.
But the President has also talked about that, about the possibility of setting up a system in which we would have people who have an identifiable job, a job that an American won't take, regularize the flow, in effect, come in under some sort of an arrangement where they would work for a period of time and then go back home. We'd know where they were when they were here. We'd know what they were doing. We'd know when they left. They'd fill an important need in terms of providing important labor and they'd take jobs that Americans don't want. But the concept at this stage hasn't gone anywhere legislatively yet.
MODERATOR: Ladies and gentlemen, the Vice President and Mrs. Cheney are running on a very tight schedule. And we would like to take this opportunity again to thank you for being here this afternoon. And if you wish to make any closing comments. But on the flip side, we want to also say, thank you very much for the rapid response of FEMA, and what the President and you have been involved in, in coming down and helping us getting back up and running -- businesses like this so that we can continue on producing dollars into the economy. And again, I say you may have to leave, and again, thank you very much.
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Thank you, Larry. And I also want to say that the rest of the country has watched with great interest the way everybody here in Florida has responded to what has to have been an unbelievable series of events. I know just from my own schedule, we kept trying to get into Florida -- schedule events in connection with the campaign this year, and every time, we'd get ready to come, another hurricane would come through. So it has been an unbelievable series of crises that Floridians have had to deal with, but you've dealt with it with great courage and determination. The entire nation watched, of course. Every time I'd turn on the tube, there would be Governor Bush in the middle of another hurricane. And so we're glad that you've stood as well as you have. The President is committed to doing everything he can to make certain that we get everybody back up on their feet quickly. We've now asked Congress for a total of $13 billion in supplemental appropriations. A lot of that has come to Florida. He's put in an additional request just yesterday, and hopefully we'll get that -- get it out shortly. But we think, in fact, you folks have done a great job down here. And we want to note that, and say
that we wish you very well, and know you'll be back on your feet very quickly.
Thank you very much. (Applause.)


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RM Autions Tops $35 Million At 2014 Amelia Island Sale
RM Auctions, the official auction house of the world renowned Amelia Island Concours d'Elegance, continued its record-setting 2014 auction calendar this weekend, achieving the company's best-ever Amelia Island results at its 16th annual sale with a total of $35,947,500 and 97 percent of all lots sold. This represents a 34 percent increase over 2013 sale results while bidders hailed from 18 countries around the world with 20 percent representing new clientele.
The well-established sale lifted the gavel on 91 exceptional vehicles perfectly matched to the Amelia Island Concours venue, setting no less than seven world auction records before a standing-room only ballroom that exuded excitement for the diverse roster of cars crossing the podium. Top sale honors went to "Malcolm's French Mistress", the ultra-rare 1937 Delahaye 135 Competition Court Torpedo Roadster offered from a half century of ownership as the jewel of the esteemed Pray Collection. One of only two surviving short chassis examples and the only surviving example with its Géo Ham body tag, the showstopper achieved a world-record $6,600,000 to become the most valuable car ever sold during the Amelia Island weekend.
Additional top lots among the 16 offered from the Pray Collection include the impeccably pure 1958 BMW 507 Series II Roadster, which garnered a record-shattering $2,420,000, and a superbly authentic 1961 Ferrari 250 GT Series Cabriolet, which also sold very well at $1,760,000. Also joining the Pray Collection at the top of the sale list is the desirably equipped 1957 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Roadster, originally owned by Hollywood actress Natalie Wood, which brought a fantastic $1,842,500.
"We could not be happier with the results of our 2014 Amelia Island sale," says Gord Duff, Car Specialist, RM Auctions. "Despite the weather, our fantastic selection of cars and stylish presentation were showered with rave reviews from our international clientele. The Pray Collection certainly achieved the value it deserves, and we're truly honored to have offered such an incredible group of cars for a family who have been friends of RM for decades."
"The Pray family is thrilled with RM's sale of Malcolm's collection," adds Philip Richter, family friend and trustee for the Pray Collection. "The tireless efforts of the entire team enabled a result that greatly exceeded all expectations. RM was the natural choice for the Pray Collection because their enthusiasm, professionalism, and attention to detail are traits that so reflect both the business and personal values of Malcolm Pray himself."
Additional very notable sales of the day include a highly original and beautifully presented 1972 Ferrari 365 GTB/4 Daytona Berlinetta which sold for a strong $781,000, along with a show-condition and rally-ready 1939 Aston Martin 15/98 Short Chassis Open Sports which sold for an outstanding $616,000, well above its presale estimate. Also deserving of special mentions are a 1974 Iso Grifo 7-Liter and a 1972 Ferrari 365 GTC/4 which both generated spirited bidding battles and world auction record prices to sell for $440,000 and $335,500 respectively.
RM Amelia Island - Top Ten Sales:
1. Lot 167 1937 Delahaye 135 Competition Court Torpedo Roadster $6,600,000
2. Lot 152 1958 BMW 507 Series II Roadster $2,420,000
3. Lot 122 1957 Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Roadster $1,842,500
4. Lot 162 1961 Ferrari 250 GT Series II Cabriolet $1,760,000
5. Lot 174 1934 Duesenberg Model SJ Convertible Sedan $1,567,500
6. Lot 179 1965 Shelby 289 Cobra $990,000
7. Lot 147 1965 Shelby Mustang GT350 R $984,500
8. Lot 171 1928 Bugatti Type 37A Grand Prix $962,500
9. Lot 163 1937 Bugatti Type 57C Roadster $902,000
10. Lot 135 1932 Packard Twin Six Individual Custom Convertible Sedan $840,000
Published Dec 7th, 2015
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How to Get Rid of DustUpdated: Feb. 06, 2023
Keep your family safe from allergens—and from an unsightly gray film covering everything
You might also like: TBD
Household dust
Although you can beat back the general household dust invasion, dust will never go away. Wipe it up one week and by the next, a fine gray film has settled on the picture frames and mantel, and dust bunnies are scurrying around under the bed. No one yet has found the magic that'll make dust disappear, particularly airborne dust. Hardware improvements such as vacuums with better filtration and whole-house air cleaners can make the job a bit easier, but dusting is still a weekly chore. And frankly, we don't have any revolutionary ideas either. The basic solution is pretty much the same as grandma taught—clean, clean, clean. But it's important to know whether you should dust or vacuum first.
However, if you target the key places where dust collects and deal with it before it goes airborne, you can at least put a damper on dust. In this article, we'll tell you where dust originates and where it builds up, so you can focus your cleaning efforts on those spots.
First—what is dust?
For practical purposes, household dust fits into two categories: small stuff and really small stuff (Fig. A).
The small stuff is the stuff that bugs you. It's that gray fluff that you see piled up in corners, on bookshelves, and under the couch. The vast bulk of it, more than 90 percent in most homes, is composed of just two materials, dead skin flakes and fabric fibers. The human body continuously sheds skin, dramatically when you have a sunburn, yet almost constantly in the form of tiny particles. The fabric fibers are also small, the same lint that you collect on the dryer screen. These particles range in size from 10 to 300 microns (1 micron equals 1/1000th of a millimeter). If you have sharp eyes, you can just barely see a 20-micron fabric filament floating in a shaft of sunlight that's streaming through the window. In comparison, the typical hair caught in your hairbrush is about 100 microns thick.
Other small dust contributors range from human and pet hair to soil particles, pollen, mildew spores, dust mites and other minor sources. The dust in some homes also contains debris from localized concentrations of cockroaches, termites, ants or other insects. (My home, with its never-ending do-it-yourself projects, has a higher than normal concentration of drywall dust and sawdust!)
You can't see the really small stuff, particles smaller than 10 microns, unless they collect in high concentrations. So even though your home contains millions of these particles (they make up 99 percent of all dust particles), they're so small that they won't contribute much to the visible dust invasion.
But really small dust can affect your health. Debris from dust mites and insects, cat and other animal dander and smaller plant spores and pollen often cause allergies. Paint pigments, including the lead oxide used in many paints before 1978, also fall into this really small category too. Lead dust is the principal cause of lead poisoning in children.
If you have a dust-related health problem, don't try expensive home remedies until you've consulted a physician. Dust control strategies for really small particles are difficult and can be costly if you have to replace carpeting with a different floor covering or buy a special vacuum cleaner. Your physician will help you discover the particular offender so you can target your control strategies, rather than attack all types of dust. We'll mention some strategies for dealing with allergy-causing particles below, but not in detail.
You can't stop major dust sources
The major components of dust fall off human beings and fabrics such as clothing, furniture, drapes and carpets. Since you're not likely to banish the kids and your spouse to the garage or live a life free of fabric, you can't stop the main dust-producers at their sources. Rather, you have to use good housecleaning techniques to attack dust where it builds up and spreads.
Better housecleaning strategy
Fig. B: Vacuum carpets and shake out rugs weekly
Carpets and rugs hold a lot of dust and release it into the air when you step on them.
Fig. C: Vacuum furniture cushions and pillows
Cushions and pillows capture dust and launch it into the air when you sit on them.
Here are the basics: Vacuum carpets and shake out rugs weekly. Wall-to-wall carpeting is a world-class dust-collector, and it launches particles back into the air every time you walk across it (Fig. B). It's virtually impossible to clean. Vacuuming helps, but it's like trying to suck up all the leaves from a forest. It's easier to clean area rugs, because you can shake or beat them outside or periodically send them to the cleaners. Frequent vacuuming of busy pathways won't eliminate dust, but it'll cut down the volume. And it will reduce the sand particles that abrade the carpet fibers and cause them to break down. Regularly vacuum furniture cushions and pillows. Like carpeting, they create, collect and spew dust into the air whenever you sit down on them.
Clean bedrooms weekly, since you probably spend more time there than in any other room in the house. Skin flakes especially collect in the bedding, and bedding and clothing contribute fabric dust too. Regular laundering will help keep the dust down. Alert: If you suffer from allergies, bedrooms rank at the top of the list for dust control.
They're easy to ignore, so clothes closets collect dust too. Clothing steadily sheds filaments, and every time you open and shut the door and pull out clothing and shoes, air turbulence launches that dust into the air. Dust particles work their way downward, so a closet floor that's free of shoes and other clutter makes for quick, more effective vacuuming.
We haven't mentioned the most obvious dust collection spots—for example, under beds and furniture, and behind the stove and refrigerator. It's true that dust settles in these areas out of sight, but once it's settled, it usually sits there undisturbed. Although it pays to clean those areas periodically, they won't contribute much visible dust to active living areas of your home. Clean them regularly, however, if you have allergies, because dust mites can thrive there.
Stop secondary dust sources
You probably blame the kids, but everyone constantly tracks in dirt from the outdoors. Most drops off within 15 ft. of an entry door, so a rug just inside the door and a mat outside will collect most dirt right there at the entry.
Hair and other dust from dogs, cats and birds will spread throughout a house. No control strategy works well. If you have allergies, you might have to find a new home for your pets.
Dust mites live in almost every home, because they like a warm, humid environment with lots of skin flakes to eat. They'd be disgusting if they weren't so tiny, an almost invisible speck 250 microns in size. They sometimes proliferate in bedding and other moist areas and contribute their outer shells and other debris to the general dust level. In most cases they aren't a problem and are easily controlled by laundering bedding and vacuuming regularly.
However, dust mites often cause allergies. If a physician determines that you have a dust mite allergy, simple control methods include laundering bedding in 130-degree water and maintaining a relative humidity level below 60 percent through air conditioning or dehumidification. The dust mites will soon dry up and die. For persistent problems, your physician will direct you to specialized (and more expensive) dust mite control methods, like special bedding, carpet removal, and higher efficiency vacuums. (One mail-order source for these products is Allergy Control Products, Inc. Call 800-255-3749—800-255-ALLERGY—for a free catalog.)
Mold and mildew release thousands of tiny spores that contribute to localized dust, create bad odors and sometimes cause allergic reactions. Mold and mildew are microscopic fungi that live in huge colonies in damp areas. The colonies look like dark smudges and can be found in corners, on the grout in bathroom tile and especially under carpeting in damp areas like basements. Control mildew and mold by eliminating the moisture supply by such means as dehumidification, exhaust fans in bathrooms, better foundation drainage, and sealing concrete floors or removing carpeting. You can kill existing mold and mildew by washing the area with a mixture of 1 part liquid bleach to 10 parts water (wear plastic gloves and eye protection).
Finally, keep an eye out for black soot stains on walls, the TV screen or the carpet under doors. They signal a dangerous combustion leakage from kerosene heaters, the water heater, furnace or fireplace.
Basic dust-control tools
How to Get Rid of Dust on Hard Surfaces
A damp cloth is all you need to pick up dust from hard, smooth surfaces. (Not wet, because water left behind carries dirt and can ruin the finish on fine furniture.) The dust sticks to the cloth rather than flying around and spreading. Mops and cloths and lamb's wool dusters with electrostatic charges also work well.
Dust loves clutter. Clutter demoralizes even a veteran housecleaner by increasing the time and effort involved. Store stuff you're not using, and enclose knickknacks in showcases. Keep stuff off the floor.
How to Get Rid of Dust in Carpet and Furniture
Use a vacuum with a beater bar for carpeting and rugs and a hose for corners, fabrics and furniture. Disposable paper bags filter better than cloth bags, usually down to about 10 microns. They'll get most visible dust, assuming the vacuum doesn't have leaky hoses or a loose collection system that releases dust before it gets into the bag.
On the other hand, standard vacuums are one of the worst tools for allergy sufferers, because they spew really small particles out in a huge airborne cloud through the walls of the bag. You can now buy tighter bags that filter particles down to around 1 micron and vacuums with secondary filters that collect particles down to around .3 microns. Tighter bags mean more resistance and lower suction, so most vacuums with secondary filters have better motors and cost around $200 and up. Such a vacuum is a good investment for anyone who suffers from household dust allergies.
Installing a central vacuum system is also a good investment (assuming you know that household dust is causing a health problem). You can mount the motor and collection bag in the basement or garage, so that once sucked up, even the really small particles stay out of the room. And the motors are usually powerful enough to use a high-efficiency filtration bag. The downside is the cost, $500 to over $1,000, plus installation.
How to Get Rid of Dust Floating in the Air
Air Filters
Pleated and higher efficiency furnace and air filters connected to a forced-air heating and cooling system catch a portion of airborne dust (see choosing furnace filters for more information ). They can reduce the dusting chore, but you must clean or change the filter regularly.
Required Tools for this Project
Have the necessary tools for this DIY project lined up before you start—you'll save time and frustration.
- Rags
- Vise


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If you use Ubuntu in your company, you're already familiar with its many advantages for businesses. But guess what? You ain't seen nothin' yet, as they say.
Particularly in the wake of the release last month of Canonical's user-friendly Ubuntu 10.10, or Maverick Meerkat, partners have been virtually lining up outside the company's door to help deliver business tools with high-level commercial support.
Boxed Ice, Opsview, Riptano, Unoware, Vladster, Wavemaker, and Zend all joined as Canonical Software Partners in the last few weeks, for example, and will work closely with the development teams that deliver Ubuntu to ensure that installation and operation are of the highest quality.
Then, too, there's Centrify, which has partnered with Canonical to provide security and compliance solutions for Ubuntu enterprise deployments; together, the companies are sponsoring an upcoming webcast, "Ubuntu for the Enterprise: Five Steps to Ensure Successful Adoption."
All in all, it's great news for business users of the world's most popular Linux distribution.
"In the past year, we've seen an increase in partners joining our ecosystem, an indication of Ubuntu's worldwide acceptance and growing use in the enterprise," said Matt Asay, COO of Canonical. "We welcome our newest partners and encourage our customers to take advantage of all that they offer."
Linux-Focused Business Tools
So what do these newest partners offer? Here's a quick summary:
* Boxed Ice's Server Density is a server monitoring tool provided as a service that makes it easy to monitor server performance and applications such as Apache and MySQL. E-mail, SMS and iPhone alerts offer notification when things go wrong, and the tool also helps users troubleshoot historical problems and plan future capacity.
* Opsview offers a commercially supported open source solution that delivers business-powered monitoring without the complexity or expense of proprietary software. Among the tool's benefits are a single console for managing and monitoring distributed deployments and a comprehensive view of your physical, virtualized and hybrid cloud infrastructure.
* Riptano's Cassandra is a scalable, high-performance database for online transactions that offers geographic distribution of data across multiple data centers and linear, incremental scalability. Resources can also be added on an as-needed basis.
* Unoware provides enterprise-level business and IT solutions that implement the best standards for SOA, BPM and EAM. They can run entirely on Linux platforms such as Ubuntu Server.
* Vladster delivers Point of Sale and inventory management solutions for small and medium-sized businesses. Its open source IncoPOS, for example, includes a variety of powerful non-free add-ons for easy data visualization and smooth interaction with other management systems.
* WaveMaker software is an open and easy-to-use Web and cloud development platform with visual, drag-and-drop tools that "flatten the Java learning curve" by 92 percent and create standard Java applications with 98 percent less code, the company says. WaveMaker applications are cloud-ready and include built-in support for multi-tenancy and elastic scaling.
* Zend Technologies provides products and services for developing, deploying and managing business-critical PHP applications. Zend products are deployed at more than 30,000 companies worldwide, it says.
* Centrify focuses on securing and auditing access to cross-platform systems and applications through Active Directory. As of last week, Canonical has certified and is distributing Centrify's free Active Directory integration solution, Centrify Express, through its Ubuntu Software Partner Repository. By using Centrify Express, IT professionals can quickly and easily integrate Ubuntu 10.04 LTS or Ubuntu 10.10 servers and desktops into Microsoft Active Directory for centralized authentication and single sign-on.
A Free Webinar for Businesses
Last but not least, Centrify and Canonical's free webinar on Ubuntu in the enterprise will demonstrate how organizations are enabling the broader deployment of Ubuntu by integrating it into their existing Active Directory infrastructure and management processes. The webinar will take place on Dec. 2; registration is now open.
Bottom line from all this? With each passing day, Ubuntu is getting better, not just for consumers but for businesses too. With this ever-increasing list of compelling business advantages, when will you break down and take Linux for a test drive?
Follow Katherine Noyes on Twitter: @Noyesk.


text:
[Group of children gathered around makeshift outdoor stage, probably a school performance. Photographer in a tower above, city in background], 1890s-1910s
Identifier: PH004_B138p
- 1890s-1910s
- Bowman, W. S. (Walter S.) (Person)
Conditions Governing Access
From the Collection:
Collection is open to the public.
Collection is open to the public.
Collection must be used in Special Collections & University Archives Reading Room.
Collection includes nitrate photographs to which access is restricted.
Physical Access
From the Collection:
Glass plate negatives and lantern slides are restricted due to the fragility of the format. All decisions regarding use will be at the discretion of the curator for visual materials.
1 photographic print(s)
Existence and Location of Copies note
Viewing print of photograph is available.
General Physical Description note
1 photographic print : gelatin silver, b&w ; 8 x 10 inches
Dimensions note
8 x 10 inches
- Pendleton (Or.) -- Photographs Subject Source: Lcnaf
- Photographic prints Subject Source: Art & Architecture Thesaurus
- Silver gelatin prints Subject Source: TGM II, Genre and physical characteristic terms
- United States -- Oregon -- Umatilla County (Or.) -- Pendleton (Or.) Subject Source: Local sources
Repository Details
Part of the University of Oregon Libraries, Special Collections and University Archives Repository
1299 University of Oregon
Eugene OR 97403-1299 USA
1299 University of Oregon
Eugene OR 97403-1299 USA


text:
Fair Leather Friends
Leather Soul returns to Downtown Honolulu
Good news! One of your childhood friends just moved back into town.
Okay, when we say childhood friend, we really mean Leather Soul. But admit it, when the original downtown location closed in 2007 to focus on its growing Waikiki business, you cried. Just a little.
Well, as of 10 this morning, Leather Soul downtown is back and you're going to want to pay it a visit. Its newly-renovated home on Merchant Street is stunning with high ceilings, original crown molding, exposed brick wall, sleek wood built-ins and lush forest green carpet.
Alden Cigar Jumper Boots, available only at Leather Soul downtown. Photo courtesy: Leather Soul.
Then, of course, there are the shoes. Leather Soul downtown carries many of same classic, covetable lines as its Waikiki store – Alden, Quoddy (as seen in our men's gift guide) and Edward Green. But it also features new lines, like Salvatore Ferragamo and Ecco golf shoes, specially for local clientele.
Shirts by Taylor Stitch and Reyn Spooner (middle), all exclusively for Leather Soul.
You'll also want to head over to the back corner to check out the clothes. For the first time ever, Leather Soul is adding apparel to its lineup and, like almost everything else, the styles are designed exclusively for the store.
Think a slim-fitting Reyn Spooner shirt, done in Leather Soul's signature brown and orange with vintage buttons, made exclusively in Hawaii, collared long-sleeved shirts by Taylor Stitch, sharply cut denim by 3Sixteen – all tailored to owner Tom Park's specifications (and trust us, he's got good taste).
Leather totes by Frank Clegg and Ecco golf shoes.
Now that you've hit the basics, feel free to peruse the rest of the shop. Feel the buttery leather briefcases and totes by Frank Clegg or the ultra-durable Rimowa hard case luggage sets. Try on a vintage Rolex, courtesy of Honolulu Time. Sit down in the store's barbershop chair and pamper yourself with Aesop skincare products (Leather Soul has the Hawaii exclusive on this brand).
Don't tell anyone we told you this, but you might also try looking for the secret VIP lounge, cleverly concealed behind the back wall. It's only open to LS Club Members (we weren't even allowed to photograph it, but we can tell you there's top shelf liquor and a flat screen inside). Or you can hang out on one of the store's leather couches, enjoy the Sinatra playing overhead and flip through a copy of Bespoke: The Men's Style of Savile Row.
After all, you've got a lot of catching up to do.
Leather Soul Downtown is located at 119 Merchant St., #100, open Mondays through Fridays, 10 a.m.-6 p.m. and Saturdays by appointment only. Paid parking is available in the Harbor Court municipal lot at 55 Merchant St. For more information, call (808) 523-7700, send an email or visit LeatherSoulHawaii.com.


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Jay Cutler said the new offense will take three years to learn, but he only gets two max if he underperforms, right? -- @DreddRunner, from Twitter
I think if Cutler underperforms, I think he gets one year, no more. And really that's all Marc Trestman should need to determine if Cutler is right for him. The other day Cutler said it takes three years to learn an offense. That is something a lot of coaches have said about many offenses. What it means is a quarterback needs three years to master an offense, to understand every nuance of it, to become a PhD in it. What it does not mean is the quarterback has an excuse to fail in his first year. We have seen many, many examples of quarterbacks succeeding in the first year of a system. Remember Dan Marino in his first season in Miami? Tom Brady won a Super Bowl in his first year in the Patriots' system. In Drew Brees' first year in New Orleans, he had his most productive season up to that point. How about Brett Favre's first year as a Viking? Peyton Manning seemed to do alright last year in Denver. Robert Griffin III never played in Mike Shanahan's offense before last year. Any more questions?
Last year the new offense was supposed to be awesome, and it was anemic at times. Do you see this new system having fewer growing pains? -- @BarberSquires, from Twitter
I see it having more growing pains. The transition from Mike Martz' offense to Mike Tice's should have been more seamless, given Tice was part of the previous staff and there was minimal change in terms of language and playbook. Trestman's playbook is completely new, so there will be more learning, and probably more confusion at times.
I always thought Lovie Smith was one of the worst game day coaches in the NFL. Any guess based on his CFL record how Marc Trestman will be? -- Morey, Boca Raton, Fla.
I'll be surprised if Trestman is not an efficient and effective game day manager. He is very organized, very calm and very bright. And he has run offenses for years. He has a deep understanding of offensive football. I don't think he would have develop the kind of reputation he did as an offensive mind if he got flustered on the sideline. He had great success running his offense in Montreal.
Everyone was so high on Gabe Carimi when he was just starting out his rookie year before it was derailed by an injury (that includes you if I correctly remember your answer to one of my previous questions). I get that he didn't perform at a high level at all last year, but does trading him mean that the Bears didn't think he would ever rebound or were they also trying to send out a message because he skipped out on OTAs? -- Jeremy, Washington D.C.
I think anyone who interprets the Carimi trade as message sending is reading the situation incorrectly. There is no doubt the Bears lost confidence in Carimi based on how he performed last year and what he looked like at the first minicamp. They also added a number of offensive linemen they clearly like. So Carimi could have been in a battle for a roster spot unless he showed significant improvement. Here is the other factor in the Carimi deal: If the Bears had not traded Gabe Carimi and gained a little more than $1 million in cap space and cash, they would not have been able to pull the trigger on signing Sedrick Ellis. In essence, they traded Carimi for a sixth round pick and Ellis.
Are the Bears still working on a deal for Israel Idonije or did the Sedrick Ellis signing close that door? -- @QCmcdaniel, from Twitter
Ellis' presence means Idonije is out of the picture, the way I read it. The Bears couldn't even afford Ellis one week ago. The Bears are very limited in terms of what they can do moving forward from a salary cap perspective. Idonije at this point would be a luxury, and a luxury they cannot afford.
In 2010 Sedrick Ellis had six sacks and 44 combined tackles for the Saints. Is that the kind of production the Bears envision for him? -- @BPspeak, from Twitter
I would say that would be a good goal to hope for. I wrote that they believe he is capable of more than he produced based on the change in systems and the way he will be used, but you have to be realistic about a player who is going into his sixth NFL season. It would be very uncommon for a player who has had a career high of six sacks to all of a sudden have, say, a 12-sack season. Another factor is I would say there is a good bet Ellis will play fewer snaps than he did in New Orleans. With the Bears, he is likely to be the third defensive tackle. That would mean fewer opportunities to make plays.
Do you see a decrease in receptions for Brandon Marshall with the new offense and new personnel? Is this a good thing? Can Marshall handle it? -- @jemadden1112, from Twitter
I would anticipate a decrease in receptions for Marshall. I don't believe the new staff wants to see him catching an inordinate amount of passes, while other receivers are underutilized. The way for the Bears' passing game to be the most effective is to be more diverse and unpredictable. Plus, Jay Cutler should have better options to throw to this year with the acquisition of Martellus Bennett and the development of Alshon Jeffery. I think Marshall will handle it fine, as long as the Bears are scoring touchdowns and winning games. If they are struggling, I'll be interested to see how he'll handle it.
Who is the best fit for the slot WR position long term? -- @Tjacobs78, from Twitter
With the way the slot position is evolving in the NFL, that's a difficult question to answer. In the past, most teams had a specific profile for a slot receiver—they wanted a quick, tough receiver who could create separation with craftiness, burst and change of direction on underneath routes. That is not necessarily the case anymore. Most teams play multiple players with different body styles and athletic talents in the slot. The Bears did it that way last year, and I anticipate they will do it the same way this year. I don't believe they will have one slot receiver. They'll have two or three players who get a lot of time in the slot. One is sure to be Earl Bennett though. He fits the traditional definition of a slot receiver. If the Bears can get advantageous matchups, you can count on Marshall spending some time in the slot too.
Should we be concerned with Alson Jeffrey's hamstring injury when considering his injury issues last year or is this typical for OTAs? -- @CoreyBohler, from Twitter
Maybe a little, based on the fact that Jeffery had some durability issues one year ago. But the team is pleased with what Jeffery has done in the offseason in terms of getting himself in better physical condition and adding strength. Even before the offseason condition program started, Jeffery was working with Marshall in Miami. This is what receivers coach Mike Groh told me about Jeffery: "He's had a really good spring. Mentally he's been locked in since we got started. He's made good improvement on the field with things wanted to work on, and in terms of grasp of offense, he's where he should be. I haven't had any issue with him. I'm really excited with how he's attacking offseason and the kind of offseason he's had."
What are the chances somebody beats out J'Marcus Webb at RT? Is he locked in? -- @stcollins23, from Twitter
The only way someone beats out Webb is if Webb falls on his face in camp. I'd be surprised if that happened. Webb probably has to show a little something just because he is dealing with an entirely new group of coaches. And he will have competition from Jonathan Scott, who is a consistent, veteran pro. Scott won't fall on his face, and I would bet on that. But it's Webb's job to lose.
When will Kyle Long be participating in practice? -- @Mikedyaheard, from Twitter
Not until training camp. There will be no more practices until that time. He will be part of the team's rookie developmental program starting next week however.
Is the Bears linebacking corps still a strength of the defense with the revamped crew? --
@JohnBarnes, from Twitter
It remains to be seen. On paper, the linebackers look solid. And they have looked solid in offseason workouts. D.J. Williams and James Anderson have been good football players previously. And Lance Briggs has been an outstanding player. But we really can't make any determinations about them as a group until they start playing real football.
How has Brandon Hardin looked so far this offseason? Any chance he makes an impact this year? -- @xbecuk, from Twitter
It kind of has gone under the radar, but there clearly has been improvement in Hardin's game. He is seeing the field better, reacting more quickly, and bending better. It will be a different game for him in camp when the pads come on, but so far, so good. I think he will have a chance to get on the field at some point this season and prove himself.
Should an NFL team carry three quarterbacks? What is the role of the No. 3 guy? How risky is it to go with two and just pick up Charlie Batch if you need to for two weeks? -- Paul Kelly, from Facebook
It's a matter of preference. Personally, I think three quarterbacks is a good idea. . The problem with just picking up a Charlie Batch for two weeks is the guy off the street does not know the offense and is unfamiliar with the coaching staff and the personnel. How much can he help? But the best benefit of carrying a third quarterback is player development. If a team does it right and the player is worthwhile, the third quarterback can become a future No. 2, a future starter or a trade commodity.


text:
Writing, Grammar, Literature, ACT Prep
Education: M.Ed.,Stanford University
Katie is an enthusiastic teacher who strives to make connections between literature and student's every day lives.
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Writing, Grammar, Literature, ACT Prep
Education: M.Ed.,Stanford University
Katie is an enthusiastic teacher who strives to make connections between literature and student's every day lives.
When I was younger one of my favorite games to play was an Atari game. Now you guys might not even know what Atari is but it was called pitfall and you had to navigate the sky over rolling logs that were coming at him, gators and ponds, disappearing swamps things like that and I know sometimes when you go into a test, you can feel just as tensed as probably that guy did and when you're jumping over all those things. So one way to really attack in a good way is to talk about the pitfalls that you might face so in this episode, we're going to talk about how to make sure that you support your argument, how to nail down some basic organization, how to avoid logical fallacies, how to avoid wordiness and finally how to master your word choice.
Pitfall number one is including support or examples that aren't quite specific or detailed enough. Let's take a look at some examples. First go to the bonus materials and print out sample prompt number three, you'll see that sample prompt number three discusses high school journalism and whether or not they should be censored by their administration. So if we come up with this position statement, 'no, high school students should not be censored under any circumstances by their administration because it will deter their growth as both human beings and writers', we've got to come up with some support. So let's take a look at an example of some weak support, this is one of the pitfalls, this is what I see a lot, 'I've known many high school students who don't even want to participate in the newspaper because the principal tells them what they can and cannot say'. So while this talks about the general idea of censorship, it really doesn't quite relate directly to the actual prompt, additionally it's not specific at all. It doesn't talk about which students, it doesn't talk about what articles or anything like that. So you want to make sure that you really work on getting specific supports, specific examples. A much better example that would be specific and supportive is 'At my school, the administration censored a story that the newspaper was trying to run about the sexual practices of the school students. Even though the writer had done accurate research and spent hours constructing his story, the administration's censorship discouraged his natural curiosity and right to voice it to the public.' So here we've got a specific situation, we know it's a personal example because it says 'at my school', we know what the administration was trying to do, we know what the story was about. So this is a really great example of good support that's very specific.
Pitfall number two is basic organisation, and I know this sounds pretty familiar to you but you wouldn't believe the number of students that just sit down, start writing and all of a sudden they finish their thirty minutes of writing with one huge paragraph. So you want to make sure you obviously have an introduction, a body and a conclusion, those are the three basics to any good essay. Alright, so just a reminder about the introductions, you always want to start with an attention grabber or a hook. This is one of the things that is most often left out of essays here and can really help you score major points. Then you follow it up with some background information, remember close reading of the prompt will actually provide you with some good information to stick here, and then finally your strong position statement in other words, your thesis. Now in your body paragraphs, you want to make sure that you include multiple paragraphs. Obviously if they're looking for complexity, you want to show them that you're able to think about this in some different ways, and since each body paragraph should be devoted to just one singular idea, you're going to end up with multiple ones. Finally, you want to make sure that you always include support so each body paragraph, no matter how many you have, needs to include a piece of support in order to kind of boost you up in that development aspect of your writing.
Lastly in your conclusion, and this is one of the things that whether it's an ACT writing test or just an essay in general in my classroom that my students really struggle with, the conclusion, I tell them the best way to attack it, three Rs; Return to your hook, so go back to that idea in your attention-grabber, Restate that position or restate your thesis and then finally reach a higher conclusion. Give the audience kind of a reason, a feeling of knowing why they read the essay, how does this apply to the real world. You can do these in any order that you would like, but make sure you include them all so that wraps together nicely.
Pitfall number three is including logical fallacies, and logical fallacies are simply just errors in logic or errors in thinking. The three most common logical fallacies that I see in essay writing are circular arguments, false dichotomies and hasty generalization. So let's talk about each of those quickly; circular arguments. These are simply arguments where you start with one idea and you wrap up with the same idea. So you haven't really moved the argument forward, you've just said the same thing. For example, 'high school journalists should not be censored because it will stifle their growth as writers, because they're not being allowed to say what they want to say'. Well essentially this sounds like a descent statement but if you look at the beginning and the end, you've got the same thing, they shouldn't be censored because they're not being allowed to say what they want to say, so it's just the same as saying, they shouldn't be censored because they're being censored. So that doesn't make much sense you really want to avoid those circular arguments. Next is false dichotomies and this is a really, it troops students up for the ACT writing because you're provided with two view points in the prompt, but a false dichotomy is when you mistakenly present those as the only two view points. As saying the situation has only two answers when there's probably infinite solutions there. So for instance it would be looking at the sample prompts saying, 'we should always censor high school journalists' or 'we should never censor them' and presenting those as the only two choices when really there's a lot of area between those.
Finally we've got hasty generalization and that's just making assumptions without enough information. For instance, 'There was a controversial article in the Chicago Sun-Times and later the writer had to issue a retraction', therefore all writers are unreliable, therefore if even professional writers are unreliable we should definitely censor high school journalists. You can see some really huge leaps being taken here, so this is definitely a generalization, just because one writer had to issue a retraction, does not mean we should censor all high school journalists. So there's your logical fallacies you want to make sure you avoid in your writing.
Pitfall number four on the ACT writing test is wordiness. In this essay especially because you only have thirty minutes to write, you want to know what you're going to say and just say it. There's no formula here in the scoring guide that says length equals a better score. In fact sometimes if you're too long, you're too lengthy and you're too wordy, it's not going to get as good of a score as a shorter more concise essay. So let's take a look at some ways to trim the fact out of your writing, some things to be aware of. First eliminate intensifiers. Intensifiers are simply adverbs that are used to describe other adverbs, things like 'really', 'very', 'extremely', 'truly', 'quite'. What you can usually do, is pair those, for instance, 'really pretty', a better way of saying that would be 'beautiful' or 'stunning' a more powerful adjective. So cut out those intensifiers and think of stronger adjectives to use, which leads me to the next; replace those vague adjectives. Words like 'good', 'nice', 'bad', 'okay', things that aren't really descriptive, be strong in your language and say exactly what you mean instead of having to list a bunch of adjectives. Next avoid wordy phrases. A lot of time students fall into things like 'in the event that this should happen' rather than just saying, 'if this happens' or 'in the viscinity of' instead of just 'near'. So remeber the number of words isn't going to get you a higher score. Be direct and be focussed and say what you mean there and then finally try to reduce your expletive constructions. And expletive constructions are simply just sentences that start with 'there is' followed by 'are' and 'that' verse or 'it was blank that'. For instance it was obvious that the students were cheating, alright? You could have said that much easier, 'obviously the studets are cheating', you've cut down words and you've been a lot more direct in your use of an adverb there. So those are some ways to kind of trim down what you're saying and get right to the point.
The final pitfall that we're going to talk about today is word choice and you'll remember if you think back to the episode on word breaks, word choice is one of the things that you're being evaluated on. So remember that you are writing for a formal audience, so you want to keep that in mind as you address your readers but also it's a personal essay. So they're asking you about an issue that has something to do with your life, so it's definitely okay to use first and second person; I, you, we, me, that kind of thing. Other things that you want to avoid, number one is slang and I see this all too often. Slang is just informal language that is changed its purpose or its structure has changed and it's usually understood only by a small group of people. So for high schoolers, I hear a lot, 24-7, or 'sick'. I was really confused when my students first started saying that like, "Miss Aquino your outfit is sick" thought I was doing something bad but evidently I'm not. 'Wicked' or 'awesome', things like that you don't want to confuse your readers and since it's a formal audience, make sure you keep it very open and very clear for them to see. Along the same lines we have jargon, and jargon again is specific language, it's still appropriate, mechanically and grammatically correct but it's very specialized. It would only be understood by a small group of people. So for instance, if you are really great at biology and you're talking about a myocardial infarction, much easy and more appropriate way of saying that that would be understood by a wider audience is heart attack, alright. Same thing with the 'dropped 3rd'. Now I was a catcher in high school softball so I understand when somebody's talking about a 'dropped 3rd' that that means the dropped 3rd strike rule and that a red batter can advance if they swing at a dropped 3rd strike. But a general audience that's not super familiar with baseball or softball, probably isn't going to know what you are referring to. So make sure that you avoid the jargon and make your language very apparent to your readers. Finally you want to avoid cliche. Cliche are just over used phrases or metaphors that are somewhat tripe and they seem a bit uncreative. So things like 'think outside the box' or 'back in the day', any phrases that are really repeated by a lot of people, they don't reveal originality. So think of your own original way to say it.
It's always easier to do well and to attack your pitfalls when you know when to anticipate them. I was finally able to beat the Atari game after about a year 'cause I think I could tell you when every single alligator would pop out and when each ball would roll at me and I'd have to jump over it. Now that we've gone through the basic pitfalls of the ACT writing test. It's ensuring that you have strong support, making sure you follow basic organization, avoiding logical fallacies, getting rid of your wordiness and then thinking about your word choice, you guys should be able to beat the ACT writing test.


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THÉRIAULT, LÉVITE, office holder, jp, militia officer, and politician; b. 14 May 1837 in the parish of Saint-Basile, N.B., son of François-Régis Thériault and Julie Ringuet; m. first 13 Jan. 1875 Eugénie Lebel (d. 1877) in Kamouraska, Que., and they had two sons; m. secondly 11 Feb. 1878 in Lévis, Que., Marie-Luce-Eugénie Patry (Paltry), widow of Octave Marchand; they had no children; d. 2 Dec. 1896 in Grand-Ruisseau, Madawaska County, N.B.
Lévite Thériault was the only son of François-Régis Thériault, militia captain, justice of the peace, mill owner, and prosperous farmer. After studying at the Collège de Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière in Lower Canada, Lévite began a career in local government. He was a school trustee at Saint-Basile in 1854 and progressed through various elected and appointed offices to become a justice of the peace on 21 Sept. 1865. In 1866 he was commissioned a lieutenant in the militia and became secretary of the Victoria County Agricultural Society. His father's death in 1867 made him one of the most affluent Acadians in the Madawaska region.
When Vital Hébert died after one session representing Victoria in the House of Assembly, Thériault obtained the support of John Costigan*, the region's federal representative, and was elected second member for Victoria on 3 Jan. 1868. He served on the agricultural interests committee but spoke rarely in the house, initiating only two minor local bills and always voting with the government.
Re-elected in 1870, he continued to vote with the government and found himself separated from most of the other Catholic and Acadian mhas when he supported the Common Schools Act of 1871, which gave funds from a general tax to non-sectarian schools only. He never explained his motives. He may have believed the act would improve education in Acadian areas. He may also have believed that continuous support of the government would provide more money for Victoria. In this case, it provided as well for the advancement of Lévite Thériault, who was appointed minister without portfolio in the administration of George Luther Hatheway* in July 1871.
While some Acadians and the English-language newspaper in his riding agreed with Thériault, supporters of church schools attacked him savagely through Le Moniteur acadien and every Acadian parish in his constituency petitioned against the act. Faced with increasing opposition, Thériault resigned from the Executive Council in February 1872, claiming to have been misled about the effects of the act. As these had been clearly forecast by other Catholic mhas in the debates of 1871, his explanation seems disingenuous. During the session that followed, Thériault voted with the Catholics opposing the schools act.
His power in his constituency was soon re-established. Even though the new county of Madawaska, separated from Victoria in 1873, contained a majority of French Catholic voters, he became its mha in 1874. Government compromise had salvaged his political credibility. Although all Saint-Basile schools had closed for lack of funds following the passing of the Common Schools Act, by the time of the election of 1874 some parishioners had accepted the need to pay their share of the rates and schools were reopening with government assistance, including a special remote location allowance. The convent school had been started up again by the church in 1873, generously supported by Thériault's own money. Moreover, 115,000 acres of land had been opened for settlement in Madawaska under the Free Grants Act of 1872. Thériault was clearly able to satisfy local needs. In 1875 he was one of those consulted on the compromise that allowed some church participation in government-funded schools, and three years later he was re-elected by a large majority. In 1880 he sought the support of Pierre-Amand Landry* in a bid to become a legislative councillor, but was told his seat in the assembly seemed secure and he should stay there.
Thériault's position as a wealthy landowner had been strengthened in the late 1860s and early 1870s by several purchases of crown land and timber berths, and his influence in the community was bolstered by his service as founder and lieutenant-colonel of the 1st Battalion of Madawaska militia and as municipal councillor. He was, however, largely excluded from the Acadian "renaissance," which was based on the College of St Joseph at Memramcook, founded in 1864 by Father Camille Lefebvre. Its promoters regarded him as a traitor and found little in common with the distant Acadians of Madawaska, whose links were with Quebec and the United States. In 1880 Thériault was apparently a member of the committee on Acadian interests at the convention of the Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste in Quebec, but he played no part in the committee's deliberations and was not among those delegates to the convention who declared themselves to be Acadian representatives. Although he had sent his own sons to St Joseph's, and must have maintained an interest in the convention movement since in 1890 he was on the organizing committee for the next gathering, Le Moniteur acadien continued to describe him in derogatory terms.
After his first wife's death in 1877, Thériault had married a wealthy widow from Fraserville (Rivière-du-Loup), Que. In 1881 he was living there and said by Le Moniteur acadien to be serving simultaneously on the municipal councils of Saint-Basile and Fraserville. This newspaper's vigorous campaign against him may have contributed to his loss of the 1882 election in Madawaska by one vote. Until his defeat he had been a member of the assembly's agricultural interests committee continuously for 14 years. He returned to Saint-Basile and was re-elected in 1886. His success gave him the confidence to resign and contest Victoria in the federal election of 1887. Having lost to the incumbent, his former patron John Costigan, the minister of inland revenue and a strong opponent of the schools act, Thériault then entered, and won, the provincial by-election made necessary by his own resignation. He was subsequently most successful in attracting government money to his riding, a fact that was recognized even by the French press. Re-elected in 1890, he spent several uneventful years supporting government and local interests, highlighted by a trip to Jamaica where he represented the province at the 1891 exhibition, before resigning to take up county posts in 1894. At his death he was registrar of Madawaska County and secretary-treasurer of the municipal council.
Thériault was a symbol of the rising political power of the New Brunswick Acadians. He was the third Acadian mha (after Amand Landry* and Vital Hébert), the first Acadian cabinet minister, one of the longest-sitting members of his time, and an acknowledged defender of northwestern economic interests. But he has had little recognition. Unlike Pierre-Amand Landry, he was a poor orator and his opinions were not made clear. His Madawaskan origin and his out-of-province education separated him from the St Joseph's graduates who shaped the future political development of the Acadians. His support of the schools act separated him from most of his Catholic contemporaries and alienated the clerical historians who were the first to write about Acadian political progress.
ANQ-Q, CE1-22, 19 nov. 1866; CE1-100, 11 févr. 1878; CE3-3 (mfm. at NA). Arch. paroissiales, Saint-Basile-de-Madawaska (Saint-Basile, N.-B.), Reg. des baptêmes, mariages et sépultures (mfm. at PANB). CEA, Fonds P.-A. Landry, 5–1–1 (Landry à Thériault, 29 avril 1880). NA, RG 31, C1, 1861, 1871, Victoria County; 1871, Fraserville; 1881, 1891, Madawaska County. N.B., Dept. of Natural Resources, Lands Branch (Fredericton), Indexes to crown land sales, 1856–57, 1868–69, 1871, 1874 (mfm. at PANB). PANB, MC 1156; RG 4, RS24; RG 7, RS73, A, 1867, F.-R. Thériault; RG 18, RS152; RS158, A2–3. N.B., House of Assembly, Journal, 1867–92; Legislative Assembly, Journal, 1893–96. Carleton Sentinel (Woodstock, N.B.), 1871–72. L'Évangéline (Digby, N.-É.; Weymouth Bridge, N.-É.), 1889, 1893–94, 1896. Le Moniteur acadien (Shédiac, N.-B.), 1871–72, 1882–96. Thomas Albert, Histoire du Madawaska d'après les recherches historiques de Patrick Therriault et les notes manuscrites de Prudent L. Mercure (Québec, 1920). Conventions nationales des Acadiens, Recueil des travaux et délibérations des six premières conventions, F.-J. Robidoux, compil. (Shédiac, 1907). D. M. M. Stanley, Au service de deux peuples: Pierre-Amand Landry (Moncton, 1977).
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Sheila Andrew, "THÉRIAULT, LÉVITE," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 12, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 2, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/theriault_levite_12E.html.
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|Education - Concurrent BA (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior)
|Administrative Director, Concurrent Education Programs Rosamund Battye Associate Administrative Director, Concurrent Education Programs Sandra Regier Faculty Representatives John Lye (Faculty of Humanities), Tony DiPetta (Faculty of Education)
|General Information
|Administrative Assistant Mona Lavoie 905-688-5550, extension 4226 Welch Hall 8A concurrent.ed.brocku.ca The Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Education co-operate in offering a concurrent five-year program combining a BA (Honours) degree and a BEd degree for students interested in teaching at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7-12). Students must be registered full-time and follow the prescribed program. Any exceptions must have the approval of the Administrative Director of Concurrent Education Programs and the Chair, Department of Teacher Education. Students must maintain a minimum 70 percent cumulative overall average each year in all undergraduate academic grade-marked courses. Each student must choose a Major from: Dramatic Arts, English Language and Literature, French, Geography, History and Visual Arts, as these areas are the teachable subjects available from co-operating departments in the Faculties of Humanities and Social Sciences at Brock at the Intermediate/Senior level (grades 7-12.). The selection of the second teachable subject must be declared through the Office of Concurrent Education Programs prior to registration for year 2. A maximum of 2.0 first year credits can be included in a second teachable subject. Students must complete a second teachable subject (minimum 3.0 credits) prior to starting Year 5. A minimum of 10.5 academic undergraduate credits in Humanities and Social Sciences must be completed for a BA Honours degree to be awarded. Teacher Education courses are credited toward the BEd while the remaining courses are credited to the BA. For this reason, a student who transfers out of the BA/BEd program will not have credit in Teacher Education courses applied to an undergraduate degree. Students should note that credits for the concurrent BA(Honours)/BEd program are not evenly distributed between the years because of the structure of Education courses. Students are responsible to note Calendar and scheduling differences between the Undergraduate and Teacher Departments. The Teacher Education program is organized subject to the requirements of Brock University and outside regulatory organizations that govern teacher education in Ontario (e.g. the Ontario College of Teachers). In any year the program requirements for the Teacher Education program may change in order to meet outside regulatory requirements. Students must complete program requirements for the first four years of the concurrent program by September prior to commencing the final year. Terms of study at another institution cannot be accommodated during the Fall/Winter sessions. Successful graduates of the five-year program will receive a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) degree and a Bachelor of Education degree. Upon successful completion of a teacher education program, teacher candidates are normally recommended to the Ontario College of Teachers for membership and to receive their Ontario Certificate of Qualification. The Department of Teacher Education reserves the right to assign Concurrent Education students, in their final year, to either the Hamilton or St Catharines campus in order to secure school placements aligned with teachable subjects. Students are responsible for their own transportation for practice teaching and other activities related to the program. This is a limited enrolment program. Although admissions will be primarily based on grades, other criteria, such as balance across teachable disciplines or teaching areas of high need may be used in the selection process in any particular year. A Profile Questionnaire is required. Admission is not guaranteed by attainment of the minimum requirements.
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|Students interested in the BA (Honours)/BEd (Intermediate/Senior) program apply directly from secondary school. University or college transfer applicants with less than the equivalent of 4.0 university transfer credits may be considered for admission. Brock students may apply and be admitted to second year if there is space available. To apply students must have a minimum 70 percent overall average in Year 1; their Year 1 program must replicate the 5.0 credit concurrent program requirements; the secondary school English and Mathematics program admission requirements must be met. A Profile Questionnaire is required. Application forms and the Profile are available on the Concurrent Education web site from April 1. The completed documents must be filed in the Concurrent Education Office by June 1. Late applications will not be accepted. Students should note that this is a limited enrolment program and admission is not guaranteed by attainment of the minimum requirements.
|Program Notes
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|Dramatic Arts
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One credit must be taken from each of A, B and C list of ENGL courses (consult the English entry for a listing of List Courses)
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Year 1
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|Description of Courses
|See relevant calendar entry for course descriptions.
2010-2011 Undergraduate Calendar
Last updated: November 23, 2010 @ 11:14AM


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OAKLAND (AP) — Athletics manager Bob Melvin issued a pregame message to his slumping team to grind out at-bats rather look for home runs.
Fortunately for the A's, the players didn't exactly follow that advice.
Kyle Blanks homered in his home debut at the Coliseum, Derek Norris capped Oakland's five-homer day with a grand slam and the A's snapped a four-game skid with a 10-0 win Monday over the Detroit Tigers.
"We've shown that we can hit some home runs, and we did that today," Melvin said. "But over the last couple of days we wanted to impress upon, pass the baton, make guys work, get in good counts. ... It just turned out that we hit some homers today."
Brandon Moss and Josh Donaldson each hit their 12th home run and Yoenis Cespedes also went deep for the A's, who broke out of their slump by getting homers from five players for the first time since 2009.
That backed another strong start from Tommy Milone (3-3), who allowed four hits in 6 2-3 innings to improve to 3-0 with a 1.03 ERA in his past four starts after making an adjustment to shorten his stride.
"I think it's really helped with my command," Milone said. "I think that's the biggest thing I've seen from before and now is command with the fastball and keeping everything low in the zone."
Drew Smyly (2-3) allowed a career-worst four home runs for the Tigers, who have lost seven of eight.
"It was like, is this really happening?" Smyly said. "I felt good and I felt like I was making good pitches. Then I'd just leave one up, home run. Leave the next one up, home run. Bury the next one, home run."
Oakland returned home mired in its worst losing streak of the season, having scored seven runs in the four losses to Tampa Bay and Toronto.
That led to the pregame message to take the "slow torture" approach of grinding out at-bats rather than the "instant kill" of a home run that ends a rally rather than starts one.
"Homers can be rally killers but when you end up hitting four or five of them on the day you can probably make a different statement," Norris said.
Oakland responded with homers from five players for the first time since Jack Cust, Kurt Suzuki, Mark Ellis, Daric Barton and Cliff Pennington did it Sept. 11, 2009, at Minnesota.
That helped the A's win the first meeting of the year against the team that eliminated them in Game 5 of the division series the past two postseasons.
After squandering a prime scoring chance in the first inning when Oakland put runners on first and third with no outs, the A's got to Smyly with the long ball.
Moss got it started with a drive that hit off the glove of a leaping Austin Jackson and went over the center-field fence in the second inning.
"He almost came up with it," Tigers manager Brad Ausmus said. "Unfortunately for us it snapped out of his glove. Part of me thinks it might have changed the course of the game, but we'll never know."
Two batters later, Blanks hit a no-doubt shot to left-center for his first home run since being acquired May 15.
Oakland wasn't done, getting back-to-back shots from Donaldson and Cespedes in the third inning to take a 4-0 lead to the delight of the third sellout crowd of the season at the Coliseum.
Norris hit his first career slam in the eighth off Phil Coke in a rally helped by a catcher's interference call against Bryan Holaday and an error by third baseman Nick Castellanos.
NOTES: Oakland is 20-3 when scoring first. ... Smyly was the first Tigers pitcher to allow four homers in a game since Max Scherzer did it in a 10-7 win over the Yankees on April 3, 2011. ... Miguel Cabrera started at 1B for the Tigers a day after leaving early with a right hamstring cramp. 2B Ian Kinsler got the day off. ... Scherzer (6-1) starts for Detroit on Tuesday against Sonny Gray (5-1) in a matchup of two of the top starters in baseball.


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A 13th-century Viking code that has eluded scholars was finally cracked by a runologist working at the University of Oslo. So, what was the secret message? "Kiss me."
K. Jonas Nordby is the PhD student in Oslo who figured out the jötunvillur code inscribed on this plank:
Image: Wooden plank inscribed in code via Medievalists.net.
The "Kiss me" message is just one of 80 Norse inscriptions also written in the code, many of them just as charming. Medievalists.net explains:
"It's like solving a puzzle," said Nordby to the Norwegian website forskning.no. "Gradually I began to see a pattern in what was apparently meaningless combinations of runes." However, those thinking that the coded runes will reveal deep secrets of the Norse will be disappointed. The messages found so far seem to be either used in learning or have a playful tone. In one case the message was 'Kiss me'. Nordby explains "We have little reason to believe that rune codes should hide sensitive messages, people often wrote short everyday messages." In many instances those who wrote the coded runes also left comments urging the readers to try to figure it out. Sometimes they would also boast of their abilities at writing the codes.


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Wael Ghonim embodies the youth who constitute the majority of Egyptian society a young man who excelled and became a Google executive but, as with many of his generation, remained apolitical due to loss of hope that things could change in a society permeated for decades with a culture of fear.
Over the past few years, Wael, 30, began working outside the box to make his peers understand that only their unstoppable people power could effect real change. He quickly grasped that social media, notably Facebook, were emerging as the most powerful communication tools to mobilize and develop ideas.
By emphasizing that the regime would listen only when citizens exercised their right of peaceful demonstration and civil disobedience, Wael helped initiate a call for a peaceful revolution.
The response was miraculous: a movement that started with thousands on Jan. 25 ended with 12 million Egyptians removing Hosni Mubarak and his regime. What Wael and the young Egyptians did spread like wildfire across the Arab world.
Thank you, Wael. Thank you to the Egyptian youth.
ElBaradei, an Egyptian politician, is a former director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency