text:
quick download
The GTK+ backend will work with fonts supported by Pango and also with Type 1 fonts if t1lib is installed. The SVG backend relies on the SVG renderer to find the appropriate fonts.
more download
0.8.x (sources)
0.7.x (sources)
0.7.x (Win32 binaries)
0.6.x (sources)
0.5.x (sources)
GTK 1.2, gmetadom, editing (sources)
GTK 1.2, miniDOM, no editing, PS (sources)
OCaml bindings (sources)
miniDOM (obsolete)
OCaml Bindings for miniDOM (obsolete)
old OCaml bindings (obsolete)
[Contact: Luca Padovani]
[documentation] [requirements] [SVN] [projects] [examples & screenshots] [fonts] [links]
GtkMathView is now LGPL software.
GtkMathView is a C++ rendering engine for MathML documents. It provides an interactive view that can be used for browsing and editing MathML markup.
GtkMathView reads MathML documents by means of a frontend whose purpose is to traverse the MathML document (or part of it) and to appropriately instantiate GtkMathView's internal data structures that are suitable for rendering it. Currently the following frontends are supported:
GtkMathView renders MathML documents through a backend whose purpose is to provide an abstraction of the platform-specific capabilities (available fonts, drawing drawing primitives, and so on). Currently the following backends are provided:
GtkMathView compiles under Linux (all backends), MacOSX (PostScript, SVG, and AbiWord backends), Win32 (PostScript, SVG, and AbiWord backends).
For compiling the source from the tarballs:
For compiling a freshly checked out source tree from the GNOME SVN repository, you'll also need:
NOTE: You may succeed compiling GtkMathView with older versions of the above libraries/tools.
The source code is available on the GNOME SVN repository, the module name
You can also browse the content of the repository online here (ViewVC).
The following are known projects and/or people using (or going to use) GtkMathView or the applications coming along the source package. If you're not listed here, please e-mail me!
examples & screenshots
Warning: you may notice some differences between the rendering of GtkMathView and the screenshots above. This is primarily due to the actual fonts installed on your system. Note also that some fonts are buggy, that is they have wrong/strange metrics for some symbols. In particular, the symbol font (75dpi) usually shipped with Unix/Linux has a buggy vertical bar for the integral sign, so that large integrals have the middle part misaligned.


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Puella Magi
|Puella Magi Wiki
|Archiving status
|Archiving type
|IRC channel
|#archiveteam-bs (on hackint)
The Puella Magi Wiki is a huge fan-made English-language archive of speculah, theories, plot analysis, fanworks, and other items related to the Puella Magi Madoka Magica franchise. This wiki stands out from others for it's trove of intelligent discussion and analysis, along with its importance to Anonymous on 4chan's /a/.
Most of this wiki was built by miscellaneous anons and their discussion threads on 4chan's /a/ board.
Making Dumps
We currently use the Wikiteam dumpgenerator python script to create dumps.
Commands used for generating dumps are below:
python dumpgenerator.py --api=http://wiki.puella-magi.net/api.php --xml --images # Generates full dump using Mediawiki API
When creating dump archives, it is strongly recommended to use 7zip for the highest compression rates.
XML Full History Dumps
Daily Dumps: [1] - Full XML backups built and downloadable from this wiki everyday at midnight. (A true step up from Wikichan or the Insurgency Wiki!)
Easily importable XML dumps containing every edit that any anon has ever made on this wiki.
- wikipuella_maginet-20120317-wikidump.7z - 3.3 MB. 430 MB extracted.
- wikipuella_maginet-20120315-wikidump.7z - 3.29 MB. ~430 MB extracted.
Image Dumps
Images are crucial to the completeness of a wiki dump.
Archivist's Note: I'm still having some trouble automatically saving the images using the Wikiteam script, perhaps due to Cloudflare protection. Hopefully, the site admins might do it for us...
4chan Threads
The 4chan threads are the ultimate origin for most of the content on this wiki.
Archivist's Note: I think we should simply wget the threads from foolz, since they only save thumbnails anyway.
Other stuff related in some form or manner.
- [2] - Complete Image packs related to Madoka, possibly collected from 4chan. This needs to be put into the Internet Archive.
- Iruel - The head archivist of the Bibliotheca Anonoma.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The 2009 October Daring Bakers' challenge was brought to us by Ami S. She chose macarons from Claudia Fleming's The Last Course: The Desserts of Gramercy Tavern as the challenge recipe.
Ah macarons. Like salted caramel, they seemed to take the food blog world by storm a short while ago. I resolutely/accidentally missed the boat on both, then felt behind the times enough to not want to make either since everyone else had been there, done that on my behalf. This month's Daring Bakers challenge gave me the chance to rectify this baking oversight and dig into a plate of dainty sweet sandwiches.
My macarons were destined for imperfection. Not failure - what is failure when you still have a highly edible finished product? They were simply not going to be the macarons that any Frenchman would be seen eating. More for me, then!
Our oven has a slight flaw in that all the numbers on the temperature dial have fallen off. Silly oven. I know where to set the dial for most cakes, cookies, muffins, and roast dinners, but anything falling outside the 160 - 200C range is danger territory. In order to achieve the tell-tale crusty 'foot' on these macarons (see every other Daring Baker page for what this looks like), this recipe has the temperature starting very low and increasing after the macarons have had a chance to rest outside the oven. Low, in this case, is defined as 100C. Or, on my oven, the Vast Unknown.
And so though I journeyed to The Land I've Never Yet Been To, and the macarons returned from that journey with me, they were not as they should be. They were soft, a bit moist, and with no feet (or limbs of any sort) on them. Oh well. They were also delicious, with the rose water buttercream and nutella buttercream I made for the standard macarons, and a mint buttercream to go with the chocolate version. They may have had trouble in baking, but not any trouble in eating.
Thanks goes to Ami from Baking Without Fear for setting the recipe and setting everyone's macarony imaginations going. Please have a look at her blog for the recipe we all used.
Monday, 26 October 2009
Daring Bakers: Macarons
The 2009 October Daring Bakers' challenge was brought to us by Ami S. She chose macarons from Claudia Fleming's The Last Course: The Desserts of Gramercy Tavern as the challenge recipe.
Posted by Annemarie at 21:34
Labels: daring bakers, macarons
5 comments:
- Dewi said...
Macaron is a macaron regardless the appearance. That is what so unique about macaron, it still taste good.
- 27 October 2009 at 22:21
- maybelle's mom said...
i loved this post, esp the line--no appendages if any sort.
- 27 October 2009 at 23:34
- MyKitchenInHalfCups said...
I've never found feet good tasting anyway. Love your flavors here!
- 28 October 2009 at 15:11
- Nora said...
They look very similar to my attempt - and I have no dodgy oven to blame! But mine also tasted really good. And I have consoled myself with the fact that a lot of the really successful are third or fourth attempts. So maybe we'll get there in the end...!
- 29 October 2009 at 22:11
- Jeanne said...
You're still one up on me - I have yet to scrape together the courage to try and make theses (and my oven dial DOES have its numbers...!). The fillings sound phenomenal - no matter how ununsual the finished product may have looked :)
- 24 November 2009 at 13:18


text:
Searching for an interglacial on Greenland
The first season of the international drilling project NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) in north-western Greenland was completed at August 20th.
A research team, with the participation of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association, has drilled an ice core of altogether 1757.87 m length on the Greenland inland ice within 110 days. It is expected to contain data on climate history of about 38.000 years. The oldest ice comes from a period when the Greenland climate was characterized by strong temperature fluctuations: an average of 10° to 15° Celsius within a few centuries. The drilling is to be continued in the coming years to gain information on the last interglacial period, the Eemian of about 120.000 to 130.000 years ago.
Research institutes from fourteen nations are participating in the research project which is running since 2007: Denmark, the USA, France, Sweden, the Netherlands, Japan, Great Britain, Germany, South Korea, Switzerland, China, Belgium, Iceland and Canada. NEEM is one of the major projects of the International Polar Year 2007-2009. It is coordinated logistically by the Centre for Ice and Climate in Denmark.
The international team has been drilling an ice core in north-western Greenland (77°45'N - 51°06'W) since April this year. The ice cover at the location has a magnitude of 2.545 m and it is meant to be completely drilled in the coming years to make Eemian climate data of about 120.000 to 130.000 years ago accessible. The gases, trace elements and biological substances enclosed in the ice allow the reconstruction of climate conditions at that time. "So far, we lack detailed information on the climate in Greenland during the last interglacial", explains Prof. Frank Wilhelms, glaciologist at the Alfred Wegener Institute.
"With the help of data gained from the ice core and particularly from the comparison with data from an ice core we drilled in the Antarctic Dronning Maud Land, we are for the first time able to draw conclusions on the interaction of the climate on the northern and southern hemisphere during that time", Wilhelms continues. Because the drilling in this year could be conducted so successfully, researchers expect to obtain ice with the necessary information on this climate period in the summer of 2010.
Source: Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres (news : web)


text:
President Barack Obama said Saturday that he would not let revelations about U.S. intelligence work and surveillance damage ties with Germany, a day after outlining his plans to curb the government's mass collection of phone records.
In an attempt to reassure key U.S. allies, Obama spoke exclusively to German TV network ZDF, addressing Germans and their leader, Chancellor Angela Merkel.
The interview and statements set Obama on path to repair ties strained last year by revelations that Washington was spying on European Union citizens and had bugged Merkel's mobile phone.
"A lot of suspicion had been built up in Germany and frankly around the world in the wake of the Snowden disclosures, and it's going to take some time to win back trust," Obama said, referring to former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden, who disclosed classified information about the United States' surveillance programs.
Snowden, who is living in asylum in Russia, is wanted by U.S. authorities on espionage charges.
The interview with ZDF took place a day after Obama outlined new changes to national intelligence gathering practices, including banning eavesdropping on leaders of close allies, among a series of reforms.
By speaking to ZDF, Obama appeared to indicate Germany was among the United States' allies.
"Even if we have disagreements of any sort, the one thing that I know is that I have established a relationship of friendship and trust with [Merkel], in part because she's always very honest with me and I try to be very honest with her," Obama said. "I don't need, and I don't want, to harm that relationship by surveillance mechanisms that somehow would impede the kind of communication and trust that we have."
Obama added: "What I can say is as long as I am president of the United States, the chancellor of Germany will not have to worry about this."
Merkel accused the United States of breaching trust after the cellphone bugging allegations became public in October.
But on Saturday, Obama stopped short of apologizing and, instead, defended the importance of U.S. intelligence work for international security.
"I think it's fair to say that there are a whole series of European countries who are very glad that the U.S. has those military capabilities and intelligence capabilities," Obama said.
"What is also true is because we have these greater capabilities it means that we have greater responsibilities when it comes to privacy and protection than other countries do, it means that there are higher expectations placed on us than other countries."
Reuters contributed to this report.
Related stories


text:
« PreviousContinue »
The MONKIES.
WHOE'ER, with curious eye, has rang'd
Repentant soon, th' offending race
To give them back the human face,
Jove, sooth'd at length, his ear inclin'd,
Scarce had the Thund'rer giv'n the nod
The hair in curls luxuriant now
Around their temples spread; The tail that whilom hung below, Now dangled from the head.
The head remains unchang'd within,
Thus half transform'd and half the same,
Man with contempt the brute survey'd,
The GOLDFINCHES.
Ingenuas didicisse fideliter artes
To you, whose groves protect the feather'd quires, Who lend their artless notes a willing ear,
Το you, whom pity moves, and taste inspires,
'Twas gentle spring, when all the tuneful race,
By nature taught, in nuptial leagues combine; A Goldfinch joy'd to meet the warm embrace,
And hearts and fortunes with her mate to join.
Through nature's spacious walks at large they rang'd,
'Till on a day to weighty cares resign'd,
All in a garden, on a currant bush,
With wond'rous art they built their waving seat: In the next orchard liv'd a friendly thrush, Nor distant far, a woodlark's soft retreat.
Here blest with ease, and in each other blest,
And now what transport glow'd in either's eye!
And future sonnets in the chirping brood!
But ah! what earthly happiness can last?
How does the fairest purpose often fail! A truant school-boy's wantonness could blast Their rising hopes, and leave them both to wail.
The most ungentle of his tribe was he;
No gen'rous precept ever touch'd his heart:
On barb'rous plunder bent, with savage eye
But how shall I relate in numbers rude
So wrapt in grief some heart-struck matron stands,
While horrid flames surround her children's room! On heav'n she calls, and wrings her trembling hands; Constrain'd to see, but not prevent their doom.
"O grief of griefs!" with shrieking voice she cry'd, "What sight is this that I have liv'd to see? "O that I had a maiden goldfinch dy'd,
"From love's false joys and bitter sorrows free!.
"Was it for this, alas! with weary bill,
"Was it for this, I pois'd th' unwieldy straw? "For this I pick'd the moss from yonder hill? "Nor shunn'd the pond'rous chat along to draw?
"Was it for this, I cull'd the wool with care;
"And strove with all my skill our work to crown? "For this, with pain I bent the stubborn hair;
"And lin'd our cradle with the thistle's down?
"Was it for this, my freedom I resign'd;
"And ceas'd to rove from beauteous plain to plain? "For this, I sat at home whole days confin'd,
"And bore the scorching heat and pealing rain?
"Was it for this, my watchful eyes grew dim?
"The crimson roses on my cheek turn'd pale? · "Pale is my golden plumage, once so trim; "And all my wonted spirits 'gin to fail.
* Chrysomitris it seems, is the name for a goldfinch,
"O plunderer vile! O more than weezel fell!
"More treach'rous than the cat with prudish face! "More fierce than kites with whom the furies dwell! "More pilf'ring than the cuckow's prowling race!
"For thee may plum or goosb'ry never grow,
Thus sang the mournful bird her piteous tale,
The piteous tale her mournful mate return'd: Then side by side they sought the distant vale, And there in silent sadness inly mourn'd.
An ODE on the HEAVENLY BODIES.
THE spacious firmament on high,
Soon as the evening shades prevail,
What though, in solemn silence, all
An HYMN on GRATITUDE.
WHEN all thy mercies, O my God,
O how shall words, with equal warmth,
That glows within my ravish'd heart?
Thy providence my life sustain'd,
To all my weak complaints and cries
Ere yet my feeble thoughts had learnt
Unnumber'd comforts to my soul
From whom those comforts flow'd.
When in the slipp'ry paths of youth
Through hidden dangers, toils, and deaths,
When worn with sickness, oft hast thou
And when in sins and sorrows sunk,


text:
May 16, 2013
Recent graduate Genevieve Kukurugya-Rabaut heads for France later this year, at the invitation of the French government. Kukurugya-Rabaut was accepted to the Teaching Assistant Program in France (TAPIF), a program of the national government that provides American English teachers for the public school system. She will spend seven months teaching in the Versailles area, near Albion's sister cities of Noisy-le-Roi and Bailly.
"I freaked out a little—it is such an exciting thing, but seven months in a country alone is not something to take lightly!" said Kukurugya-Rabaut. "This is exactly what I need at this point in my life, so I'm getting pretty excited."
Kukurugya-Rabaut credits professor Dianne Guenin-Lelle with introducing her to TAPIF, but notes that her overall Albion experience strengthened her candidacy for the program. "I feel confident in my linguistic abilities because of the professors here, and I already have something of a community in France, having traveled to Bailly/Noisy-le-Roi twice in the past three years and made connections with people there," she said. "In a lot of ways, Albion's French department has provided me with the capabilities to accept this type of position."
Kukurugya-Rabaut graduated from Albion College magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, receiving degrees in art and French with an art history minor.


text:
The Gift of Human Unity Art Sale sponsored by Bright Skylark Literary Productions kicked off November 1, 2017, and will run until January 7, 2018, as a tribute to the many members of diverse global communities working to encourage the adoption of nonviolent solutions to various forms of conflict.
To take advantage of this opportunity, simply enter the discount code MEKCFJ to receive 40% off when purchasing any Postered Chromatic Poetics artwork by Aberjhani at Fine Art America, whether listed under the brand's name or that of the artist. These include everything from: fleece blankets framed prints, wood prints, and greeting cards to T-shirts, coffee cups, phone cases, and items for the home, like decorative throw pillows.
Stories about Our Better Nature
Throughout the event, the Postered Chromatic Poetics Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/ChromaticPoetics/) will feature links to stories about communities promoting unity and striving to overcome volatile conditions through communication and creativity.
In addition, a percentage of sales in the Chromatic Poetics series have been pledged to the humanitarian organization Charter for Compassion since the opening of the art store earlier this year. These images are: "Glowing Bird of Midnight Love," "How to Hear Each Other," and "Love is the Music."
Why This Event Now
Many of the top news headlines from the year 2017––like the one describing the deadly truck attack massacre in Manhattan, New York City, October 31––deal with destructive conflicts and make it easy to believe such things as Love, Compassion, and Beauty no longer exist in the world. They do, and have been known to make a positive healing difference in how people treat each other.
Although the time-frame does include several major holidays––Veterans Day, Thanksgiving Day, Hanukkah, Christmas, Kwanzaa, and New Year's among them–– the event is more about employing the transformative energies of grace and harmonious beauty to reverse the destructive patterns of chaos and divisiveness which have defined so much of the modern era.
The images showcased in the Postered Chromatic Poetics online galleries are particularly suitable for an event like the Gift of Human Unity Art Sale because of the their strong blend of social awareness and political consciousness combined with creative appeal and universal spiritual values. Images such as Talmadge Bridge Number 2 have already demonstrated their value in the worldwide movements for social justice and equality.
Please note that the regular base price of the Postered Chromatic Poetics artwork is subject to increasing after the Gift of Human Unity event ends on January 7, 2018 so you are encouraged to take advantage of it before that time.
Your comment will be posted after it is approved.
Leave a Reply.
September 2023


text:
- Men
- Shirts
- Extra Long Sleeves
- Casual Blue Twill Shirt, XL-Sleeves
SlimlineCasual Blue Twill Shirt, XL-Sleeves
Art. no: 7742221467100
Designer's notes
A casual shirt is wardrobe essential. Cut from twofold super cotton in superior twill and washed for a casual appearance, this shirt is a true favorite. The plain front placket gives a sophisticated look and together with the brown x-stitch button tread and beige buttons becomes a great combination. Pair with denim and sneakers for a laid-back style or with tailored pants and loafers for a more dressed look. This shirt has extra long sleeves and body.


text:
Latest news
ABRSM Chief Executive decides to move on
Michael Elliott had decided that he would step down from his role as Chief Executive of ABRSM in 2021 to focus on new personal and professional priorities and has subsequently agreed to leave earlier than planned, at the end of December 2020, to assist ABRSM to effect a timely succession.
Michael has been Chief Executive for 6 years and overseen substantial growth in exam entries, the enhancement of the organisation's brand, reputation and wider contribution to music education, its digital and organisational transformation, the launch of new qualifications including the remote assessments developed and launched at pace this year. Michael will be succeeded by Chris Cobb, until recently Pro-Vice Chancellor of the University of London.
On behalf of the Board of Trustees, Tony Hales, Chair of Trustees, said "I would like to thank Michael for his enormous contribution to the development of ABRSM and music education more widely. He is greatly respected for what he has achieved and the way he has achieved it. Our partners in the Royal Schools and the many students supported by ABRSM have benefitted considerably during this time from the financial support, they have received from the organisation. ABRSM is now well placed to continue its transformation to support its continued development in the UK and International markets.
Chris will aim to build on the very sound foundations laid by Michael. Chris has a very strong background in leading edge technology and in promoting education around the world. Chris has also impressed us with his deep-rooted appreciation of music and its importance in a rounded inclusive education.
Michael Elliott commented, "It has been an honour to lead ABRSM through an intense and rapid process of change and transformation over the last six years. The passion, professionalism, friendship and achievements of ABRSM's staff, examiners, local representatives and music teachers have been a constant source of inspiration as has the remarkable musicianship of our candidates, alumni, and scholars. I wish Chris and our worldwide ABRSM community every success in continuing to build on the foundations laid over the last 131 years. The learning and teaching of music is more essential than ever to the education of individuals, the well-being of society and the economies of nations."
The Heads of the four partner Royal Schools of Music expressed their joint thanks, "Michael's six years of leadership of ABRSM have contributed greatly to our institutions, especially the ability to offer opportunities to young musicians from all over the world so that they can develop their musical skills and careers in the UK and beyond and allow us to remain world leading. We wish him well for the future."
Upon confirmation of his appointment Chris said, "I am very grateful for all that Michael has achieved at ABRSM and for the solid foundations he has laid toward a new digital era for the charity. I feel privileged to be asked to lead ABRSM during this continuing transition and I look forward to meeting with all staff, partners, volunteers, supporters, teachers and students, who together make up the international family that makes ABRSM so special and such a leader in the field of music".


text:
Its as good as new....
(oh so true isn't it?? ha-ha)
I don't normally make resolutions
but its always great to start fresh, to start something new and isn't January just the perfect month to make that change??
Its been a slow start for me, I had some time off...lazy days ...which felt just perfect!
I celebrated my birthday on the
This year I hope to
* Be Creative - keep going strong with my Etsy shop (i acheived my 500th sale just before the year ended! Woohoo), schedule more time in my week to play with my papers, blog often, start drawing again (practise is key!!)
* Be Organized - my crafty space is currently a mess and this dampens my creativity big time, so I need to clear out what I don't need/use and find some order!
* Be Healthy - I haven't exercised in months!! pretty bad I know.
* Be Crafty - I've never done a Craft market before and I've always wanted to so the plan is to join forces with some creative types and have a stall - Should be fun!
* Be Thankful - At the end of the day its important to remember what's really important in life and being thankful for what we have at this present moment is what really matters!


text:
In 1972, a scale of measurement was established for alien encounters. When a UFO is sighted, it is called an encounter of the first kind. When evidence is collected, it is known as an encounter of the second kind. When contact is made with extraterrestrials, it is the third kind. The next level, abduction, is the fourth kind. This encounter has been the most difficult to document-until now. Set in modern-day Nome, Alaska, where–mysteriously since the 1960s–a disproportionate number of the population has been reported missing every year. Despite multiple FBI investigations of the region, the truth has never been discovered. Here in this remote region, psychologist Dr. Abigail Tyler began videotaping sessions with traumatized patients and unwittingly discovered some of the most disturbing evidence of alien abduction ever documented. (Source)
Download: 480p, 720p, 1080p
MP4 Encode: 1080p
Find more trailers and clips on our homepage.


text:
|Plan A
|Plan A
The Plan A project will define an architecture and perform a reference implementation of a coherent virtual IO system for a distributed computer. A distributed computer in the most general form is a collection of processing, storage and user IO peripherals interconnected by communication system(s) that supplies the user and administrator with a single system view. The architecture to be developed will aim to exhibit predictability and scalability, together with tollerance to faults, latency and heterogeneity.
|Plan A
The goal of building a distributed computer is not a new one (our italics):
"When the Cambridge Digital Communication Ring hardware was satisfactorily commissioned in 1976-7, it seemed the obvious thing to set up a computer system based on it and exploiting its characteristics. The main intention originally had been to promote peripheral sharing using the Ring. But with the advent of inexpensive microcomputers and the ready availability of minicomputers we were stimulated to consider the use of interconnected machines constituting a coherent system rather than just a collection."
It is important to note that these authors were dealing with a very mixed bag of processing hardware (LSI4, 68K, Z80, CAP) and peripherals (printer, disc, terminals, audio).
Since those heady days, several distinct lines of research have emerged in the general area, e.g., multiprocessing, parallel computing and distributed computing. However, none have really come close to meeting the original goal: multiprocessing assumes a degree of homogeneity in processing and interconnect bandwidth that is often not possible or desirable; parallel computing has concentrated on the application level problem; distributed computing has concentrated on tying systems together at quite a high level.
Our goal is to design a communications architecture to tie together a heterogeneous collection of systems within a single administration domain to supply virtual device and processor abstractions that can meet the needs of future multi-user operating systems. The architecture should serve the communication and synchronization needs of both processes (for some definition of process) and devices; be latency tolerant, scalable and offer predictable performance; enable the effective use of high performance message passing and coherent memory hardware structures as well as work in switched LAN environments; be secure.
The goal eventually is to use it as a platform for a "single system image" operating system; that is the users and administrators of the system view the distributed collection of hardware as a single computer. Furthermore one test of a successful system would be the ability to simultaneously supporting multiple OS instances.
|Starting Points
|Plan A
There are several starting points for the project that can be identified.
At the most fundamental level is the hardware. The developments of various cache coherence implementations, direct access network interfaces, network discs, systems area networks etc are already well along, while initiatives in secure hardware are in the early stages. Part of the work is to understand how the I2O2 platform would influence the future development of these components based on the desire for predictable performance, latency tolerance and security.
Predictability; two axioms apply: hardware does not work and (some) saturated resources are the norm. Failure: in building a system of many components that can undergo independent failure, we need to increase the reliability rather than decrease it. The correct thing then is to instigate some systematic approach to failure in the design and implementation to supply some predictable system behaviour. We wish to include some reasonable analysis of the failure properties of the system under hardware component failure. Utopia would be language support for probabilistic model checking implemented in a suitable tool that would automate of this process; more realistically we might perform the analysis in a more ad hoc manner and use the experience gained to inform us on future language design. Performance: bringing to bear expertise in parallel computation is desirable in order that applications can be effectively mapped to the system (both at build and run time) and perform within some expected parameters. This analysis overlaps with the failure considerations, as we would wish to understand the behaviour of the system when it is limping as well as fully functional.
Latency tolerance: the increasing discrepancy between core processor latencies and main memory (or remote memory in a cluster) must be addressed. Various distribution techniques are singularly inappropriate. Considering RPC, or to be trendy Remote Method Invocation, they enforce what is a language construct upon the system communications architecture at the expense of performance. On the other hand moving to per-problem asynchronous communication is anarchy. Rather, we need an architecture that involves an economy of concepts (to keep the programmers sane) and follows the age- old discipline of separation of control and data. Relating this to the performance work enables a well- informed engineering decision on where the control/data line is drawn.
Heterogeneity may be attacked at several levels: today OS's supply a degree of hardware independence through defined APIs for each class of device (a block device for filesystems) and/or "open" protocols for communications at some level (e.g. SCSI, USB...). We might aim to achieve processor independence through a virtual machine, with JIT compilation techniques to recover performance. A question to be asked within this project is the degree to which it is sensible to map the low level IO primitives as virtual machine operations and perform JIT compilation for the to generate native hardware interactions with devices.
|Plan A
Computer Laboratory
Microsoft Research Cambridge
|Project Information
|Plan A
Information for project members is available on a separate page (includes mailing list information). Access to this page is password protected. Please contact James Bulpin <email@example.com> for the password.
|Paper Dump
|Plan A
The repository of relevant papers and other materials can be found in the dump directory.
A survey of parallel discreet event simulators which we might be interested in using for some parts of the project may be found here.
There are also some DanOS papers available in both postscript and pdf form here.
|Plan A


text:
- Fonds
- 1860-1922 (predominantly 1880-1922)
Fonds includes financial records, correspondence, and records of businesses such as the Belmont Tannery and Capital City Canning and Packing. Also included are records relating to executor activities, loans, real estate and property, mining and mineral claims, estates, clubs, and family.
Wilson, William, 1838-1922


text:
(CNN) -- Former South African President Nelson Mandela toiled for 27 years in South African prisons before gaining his freedom and leading his nation from white minority rule to full democracy. In the process, he became an international symbol of strength and hope.
Mandela became South Africa's first black president in 1984.
This month he celebrates his 90th birthday with a lavish, star-studded concert in London that confirms his enduring status as a revered global icon. But his journey from young protester to political prisoner to leader of his nation has not been without heartache and personal loss.
Mandela was born in 1918 in the South African village Qunu.
He was the son of the chief councilor to a Thembu chief, and he soon became passionate about political reformation, founding the African National Congress Youth League in 1944 with lifelong friend Oliver Tambo.
Mandela's natural leadership skills pushed him front and center during the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign, which urged South African citizens not to cooperate with certain laws deemed discriminatory.
Mandela urged nonviolent solutions to the South African government's political, economic and social oppression of the nation's black majority.
His commitment to nonviolent change was tested, however, in March of 1960 when black protestors in the township of Sharpeville were fired upon by South African police as they gathered to protest a law that required all black citizens to carry passbooks at all times.
Sixty-nine people were killed and more than 180 were injured in the clash.
The Sharpeville Massacre sparked riots, strikes and protest demonstrations across South Africa, and the government declared a state of emergency.
But the massacre also highlighted the tragedy of apartheid to the rest of the world. The United Nations condemned the massacre, and its security council convened on April 1, 1960, to consider the ravaging effects of apartheid on South Africa's people.
Inside the country, Mandela and his colleagues reconsidered the use of violence to further their cause for freedom. Mandela formed the revolutionary group Spear of the Nation In 1961 and was named its commander in chief. He slipped out of South Africa for military training in Algeria in 1962 but was arrested soon after he returned. See pictures of Mandela's life »
Mandela had several previous run-ins with police, and he was eventually sentenced to life in prison for his actions protesting South Africa's apartheid government.
At the time of his sentence Mandela made a dramatic statement that illustrated his overarching commitment to freedom: "During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to the struggle of the African people," he said.
"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But, if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." Listen to famous speech »
During his long incarceration, Mandela nearly became a myth. He smuggled out notes of encouragement to his followers that read like pronouncements.
"Any man or institution that tries to rob me of my dignity will lose," one note said.
He might have been condemned to hard labor in a limestone quarry, but Mandela's unyielding moral stance held him high on a pedestal to his followers.
In 1990, it became clear to then-South African President F.W. de Klerk that Mandela's release was necessary for the nation to heal.
Mandela was 71 years old when he walked free from Victor Verster prison, his clenched fist held high.
He'd lived a life of protest for a cause for which he'd been prepared to die. And now he would lead a nation on the brink of civil war to democracy.
Three years later, de Klerk and Mandela would share the Nobel Peace Prize.
"The policy of reconciliation that Nelson R. Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk represent provides hope not only for South Africa; it is also a shining example for the world that there are ways out of the vicious circle of violence and bitterness," said Francis Sejersted, chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee as he awarded the shared prize.
In 1994, Mandela was elected president in South Africa's first all-race general elections.
Since his retirement in 1999, Mandela has turned his attention to international diplomacy: He convinced Libya to hand over two suspects for trial in the Lockerbie airplane bombing, and he played a role in the Burundi peace process.
In 2005, he took up a personal cause closer to home. Mandela's son, Makgatho Mandela, 54, died of an AIDS-related illness.
Nearly 5 million South Africans may have AIDS, medical experts estimate, and for many in the country discussing the disease is a taboo.
"Let us give publicity to HIV/AIDS and not hide it, because the only way to make it appear like a normal illness like TB, like cancer, is always to come out and to say somebody has died because of HIV/AIDS," Mandela said in January at a news conference where he announced his loss.
"And people will stop regarding it as something extraordinary."
On Mandela's 80th birthday he wed his 52-year-old companion, Graca Machel, from Mozambique at a private ceremony in his home in Johannesburg, South Africa.
He danced at the double celebration surrounded by his grandchildren, family and close friends.
All About HIV and AIDS • The Nobel Foundation


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On July 2, 2013, the Administration announced it is delaying the employer mandate for providing affordable health care coverage scheduled to begin January 1, 2014, as well as a delay in the related reporting requirements. Below is the announcement from the Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy at the U. S. Treasury Department. When the formal guidance outlining the transition is published within the next several days, we will provide an update.
Continuing to Implement the ACA in a Careful, Thoughtful Manner
By: Mark J. Mazur
Over the past several months, the Administration has been engaging in a dialogue with businesses – many of which already provide health coverage for their workers – about the new employer and insurer reporting requirements under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). We have heard concerns about the complexity of the requirements and the need for more time to implement them effectively. We recognize that the vast majority of businesses that will need to do this reporting already provide health insurance to their workers, and we want to make sure it is easy for others to do so. We have listened to your feedback. And we are taking action.
The Administration is announcing that it will provide an additional year before the ACA mandatory employer and insurer reporting requirements begin. This is designed to meet two goals. First, it will allow us to consider ways to simplify the new reporting requirements consistent with the law. Second, it will provide time to adapt health coverage and reporting systems while employers are moving toward making health coverage affordable and accessible for their employees. Within the next week, we will publish formal guidance describing this transition. Just like the Administration's effort to turn the initial 21-page application for health insurance into a three-page application, we are working hard to adapt and to be flexible about reporting requirements as we implement the law.
Here is some additional detail. The ACA includes information reporting (under section 6055) by insurers, self-insuring employers, and other parties that provide health coverage. It also requires information reporting (under section 6056) by certain employers with respect to the health coverage offered to their full-time employees. We expect to publish proposed rules implementing these provisions this summer, after a dialogue with stakeholders – including those responsible employers that already provide their full-time work force with coverage far exceeding the minimum employer shared responsibility requirements – in an effort to minimize the reporting, consistent with effective implementation of the law.
Once these rules have been issued, the Administration will work with employers, insurers, and other reporting entities to strongly encourage them to voluntarily implement this information reporting in 2014, in preparation for the full application of the provisions in 2015. Real-world testing of reporting systems in 2014 will contribute to a smoother transition to full implementation in 2015.
We recognize that this transition relief will make it impractical to determine which employers owe shared responsibility payments (under section 4980H) for 2014. Accordingly, we are extending this transition relief to the employer shared responsibility payments. These payments will not apply for 2014. Any employer shared responsibility payments will not apply until 2015.
During this 2014 transition period, we strongly encourage employers to maintain or expand health coverage. Also, our actions today do not affect employees' access to the premium tax credits available under the ACA (nor any other provision of the ACA).
Mark J. Mazur is the Assistant Secretary for Tax Policy at the U.S. Department of the Treasury.


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