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What will I find in this section?
Technical terms, unfortunately, cannot always be avoided – particularly when it comes to complex topics such as monetary policy. This is why we have compiled a glossary with a wide range of terms, arranged in alphabetical order and each with a short explanation.
E-money is a monetary value stored in electronic (including magnetic) form which is provided against payment of an amount of money. In legal terms, the value represents a claim against the issuer and can, for instance, be stored on the chip of a prepaid card or on a server. However, e-money is only considered as such if it is accepted as a means of payment by natural or legal persons other than the issuer. This implies that, for example, electronic gift cards, which can only be redeemed where they were issued, do not fall under the definition of e-money.
The corresponding legal provisions applicable to e-money and e-money business in Germany can be found in the Payment Services Oversight Act.
From a technical point of view, when a payment is made using e-money, the corresponding monetary value is electronically transferred from the payer's storage medium to the payee. For payments using prepaid cards (such as the GeldKarte) at the point of sale, the e-money amount is deducted from the credit balance stored on the card and in most cases temporarily saved on the terminal or the retailer's cash register system. Subsequently, several transactions are bundled and the amounts transferred to the payee using the corresponding payment systems.
E-money institutions are defined as institutions that issue e-money or, in other words, conduct e-money business, and are not covered by the provisions of section 1 (2) sentence 1 numbers 2 to 4 of the Payment Services Oversight Act. In Germany, e-money institutions are supervised by the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) and require written authorisation to conduct e-money business.
The Executive Board of the ECB comprises the ECB's President, Vice-President and four other members, all of whom are appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority. Members of the Executive Board have a tenure of eight years and cannot be reappointed. The ECB Executive Board manages the ECB and the day-to-day business of the Eurosystem. All Executive Board members belong to the Governing Council.
The Governing Council of the European Central Bank (ECB) is the main decision-making body of both the ECB and the Eurosystem, and is notably responsible for formulating monetary policy in the euro area. It consists of the ECB's President and Vice-President, the four other members of the Executive Board as well as the governors of the national central banks of the euro-area countries. All members belong to the Governing Council in a personal capacity, i.e. they decide not as representatives of a given country or institution but based on their own personal judgement. The primary objective of the ECB Governing Council is to maintain price stability in the euro area. Normally convening twice a month, the Governing Council is chaired by the ECB President, who is its highest representative and spokesperson. Under the Treaty, EU policymakers can attend meetings of the ECB Governing Council but cannot vote on its decisions. Article 284 TFEU states that the President of the European Council (as well as a Commission member) can participate in Governing Council meetings and also raise certain topics, though it is common for the Eurogroup President rather than the Council President to attend. The Eurogroup President and a member of the European Commission can also attend meetings but have no voting rights.
The President of the European Central Bank (ECB) is the highest representative and spokesperson of both the ECB and the Eurosystem, and chairs the ECB's Executive Board, Governing Council and General Council. The ECB President is appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority, for an eight-year tenure which is not renewable. The ECB President represents both the ECB and the Eurosystem in numerous international bodies.
The Eurosystem Collateral Management System (ECMS) will integrate the management of eligible collateral for Eurosystem monetary policy credit operations into a central technical platform from April 2024 and will consolidate the 20 different national collateral management systems currently in place. The ECMS will largely supplant the nationally operated monetary policy collateral management applications. The Bundesbank will only use its national system for administering German credit claims, as before. In the future, monetary policy counterparties will receive access to the ECMS through a single gateway across all central banks and will benefit from a much simpler and more efficient procedure for mobilising collateral across borders. This gateway is identical for all TARGET services.ECMS does not change the fact, however, that national central banks remain responsible for their counterparties. This service is due to be launched on 8 April 2024.
The Ecofin Council (Economic and Financial Affairs Council) is composed of the Economics and Finance Ministers of the European Union member states as well as Budget Ministers when budgetary issues are discussed. It is the central body in the field of economic and fiscal policy for the EU member states and determines fundamental economic policy matters. The Finance Ministers of the euro-area countries make up the informal body known as the Eurogroup.
Economic activity refers to the cyclical upward and downward movements in the economy around the long-term growth trend. Real GDP is typically used as a measure for business cycle analysis. One full cycle from an upturn to a downturn to another upturn is called the economic or business cycle. Where an economy is positioned on the business cycle is often measured in terms of overall capacity utilisation (output gap).
Economic analysis is the technical term used by the Eurosystem to describe the first pillar of monetary policy analysis. The second pillar of this analytical framework is monetary analysis. Economic analysis focuses on assessing short to medium-term risks to price stability. Shorter-term movements in various real economic and financial indicators are analysed to identify tensions in the goods, services and factor markets that could lead to price rises (if demand exceeds supply). Here, economic analysis particularly seeks to assess the possible effects of economic shocks that influence cost and price trends.
The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the result of a treaty under which EU countries agreed to harmonise their economic and monetary policies. In June 1989, the European Council adopted a plan in Madrid to realise EMU in three stages. This plan became part of the Treaty on European Union ("Maastricht Treaty"), which came into effect in 1993. When Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union began on 1 January 1999, the euro became the currency of the European Union and the European Central Bank's Governing Council assumed responsibility for monetary policy in the euro area. The Stability and Growth Pact took effect at the same time. However, the EU Member States have implemented the EMU to varying degrees to date. The euro has replaced the respective national currency in just 20 of the 27 member states. In response to the financial and sovereign debt crisis, the EU Member States have introduced a number of measures for the further development of economic and monetary union, including the European Semester and new regulations to strengthen the Stability and Growth Pact (known as the "six pack"). The terms European monetary union and European Economic and Monetary Union are sometimes also used.
Economic indicators (also known as short-term indicators) are used by the central bank and other economic agents as a basis for assessing the economic situation and as a tool for forecasting future economic performance and, in particular, the price outlook. They refer both to macroeconomic and sector-specific data and are also frequently cited in reports, financial statements, surveys and statistics on the world of economics, finance and trade. A wide range of such economic indicators form the backbone of monetary policy decisions made by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. As part of its economic analysis, the Council focuses chiefly on economic indicators relating to the euro area, e.g. data on gross domestic product (GDP), domestic demand, production and sales in various sectors, survey-based indicators of business and consumer sentiment, the labour market, wage developments, investment, foreign demand, energy prices, the HICP and more. In exceptional circumstances like the coronavirus pandemic, quickly available, unconventional data such as internet search queries, mobility or payments data are also deployed.
In March 2020, the Federal Government adopted legislation establishing the Economic Stabilisation Fund. Its aim is to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on enterprises in the real economy, which, if jeopardised, would have a considerable impact on Germany as a location for business and investment as well as its labour market. It should also help eliminate liquidity shortages, support refinancing in the capital market and strengthen enterprises' capital bases. To this end, the Economic Stabilisation Fund works with government guarantees, direct government investments and the refinancing of special programmes from the KfW banking group (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau). The fund will initially run until the end of 2021.
The European Currency Unit (ECU) was the European Union's official unit of account between 1979 and the end of 1998. It was used as a reference variable for the European Monetary System (EMS), for example, and as the sole denomination for all operations concerning the intervention and credit mechanism used within that system. The ECU was defined as a currency basket, containing fixed amounts of most of the EU currencies. When Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) began, the ECU was transformed into the euro at a conversion rate of 1:1.
Electronic cash is the system provided by the German banking industry for settling payments made by debit card (bank card). Since 2008, the electronic cash system and the German ATM system have operated under the new joint acceptance logo "girocard".
Eligible collateral is the term for assets that the Eurosystem accepts as collateral for its liquidity-providing operations. The Eurosystem requires banks to provide eligible collateral for all loans they receive from the central banks. If a bank is unable to repay a loan, the central bank could sell the collateral in the market and use the proceeds to balance out its lending losses. The Eurosystem accepts a broad range of collateral, which is detailed in the single list of collateral. Both marketable assets (e.g. debt securities) and non-marketable assets (e.g. credit claims) are accepted. Both types of asset must meet uniform credit standards.
Banks provide the Eurosystem with this collateral by either transferring ownership of the assets (repurchase agreement) or by pledging the assets as collateral (collateralised loan). The collateral can be used on a cross-border basis throughout the Eurosystem. In the Eurosystem, all eligible assets may be used on a cross-border basis by means of the correspondent central banking model (CCBM) and, in the case of marketable assets, through eligible links between securities settlement systems (SSSs) in the EMU.
The emerald number is a special security feature of the new Europa series of euro banknotes. It is a number at the bottom left of the obverse of the banknote. When the banknote is tilted, a band of light moves up and down. Depending on the angle it is viewed from, the colour of the number changes from emerald green to deep blue.
Emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) is a measure whereby a Eurosystem national central bank grants central bank money to a solvent financial institution that is experiencing temporary liquidity problems. As emergency liquidity assistance is not deemed to be part of single monetary policy, any resulting costs and risks are to be borne by the national central bank in question. Under Article 14.4 of the ESCB Statute, the ECB Governing Council can decide to restrict ELA operations if it finds, by a two-thirds majority of the vote cast, that these interfere with the objectives and tasks of the Eurosystem.
Publication of the euro overnight index average (EONIA) was discontinued as of 1 January 2022, and it was replaced by the €uro short-term rate (€STR). The EONIA has, since 1 October 2019, been calculated only as a spread – or difference – as compared to the €STR. Before October 2019, the EONIA was an average interest rate for unsecured overnight lending in euro interbank trading, which was calculated on the basis of actual transactions.
Equalisation claims are asset items that were created to stabilise the balance sheets of banks and business enterprises; they represent claims on general government. Equalisation claims may be needed as part of a currency changeover if assets and liabilities are not converted at the same ratio. These "artificial" assets were first required in Germany after the 1948 currency reform; they were also used following the 1990 currency union with the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). Equalisation claims were needed in 1948 because bank loans to the state had become worthless. Even after the currency reform, banks were still sitting on a substantial volume of deposits. This instrument was deployed again in mid-1990 to facilitate the currency union with the former GDR in order to plug the gap that had emerged between loans and deposits when the latter were converted, on average, at a more favourable rate. Banks were thereby compensated for worthless credits and provided with sufficient capital.
An enterprise's equity capital is calculated by deducting all its liabilities from its total assets. Equity capital encompasses all funds which the owners invest in a given enterprise as well as any earnings they reinvest. Such equity capital is permanently available to the enterprise in question and, in the event of losses, may be drawn upon in full to cover that company's liabilities. In the case of corporations, equity providers are not liable above and beyond this threshold, nor do they have any right to earn interest on or demand repayment of their invested capital. They are, however, entitled to a stake in the profits generated by the enterprise as well as to any revenues arising from a dissolution of the company.
The equity market is that part of the capital market in which equity shares are traded. Supply and demand determine equity prices in trading. In the past, equity traders met to trade equities at exchanges. Nowadays, a large proportion of equity trades are settled via electronic trading platforms operated by exchange companies. The prices of frequently traded equity shares vary throughout the day, even changing within a fraction of a second on some trading platforms.
An equity share is a security that securitises a shareholder's stake in the share capital of a public limited company and the rights and obligations associated with that shareholding. The holder of an equity share – the shareholder – is a co-owner of the enterprise and is liable up to the amount of their capital contribution. In general, a distinction is made between ordinary shares and preferred shares. The holder of an ordinary share has the right to take part in the general meeting of the public limited company and exercise their right to vote. They also have a stake in the company's profits, which are distributed in the form of dividend payments. Preferred shares, on the other hand, do not normally carry voting rights. In return, the holder receives dividends on a preferential basis and usually in a higher amount than for ordinary shares. By selling their equity shares on the secondary market, shareholders can offload their investment in a public limited company without this resulting in any equity capital being withdrawn from the enterprise.
The Statute of the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank is often referred to in short as the ESCB Statute. It is annexed to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as a Protocol.
ESG is an umbrella term for the application of standards relating to environmental, social and governance criteria in business decisions. It is also used to refer to financial instruments, which fulfil these criteria (e.g. "ESG bond").
ESG bonds are fixed-income securities designed to fund activities meeting certain environmental, social and governance criteria (ESG criteria). Green bonds, which are tied to environmental and climate criteria, play a prominent role in this category. Green bonds are thus a type of sustainable or ESG bonds.
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are investment funds traded on stock exchanges. ETFs provide investors with the opportunity to invest in a broadly diversified portfolio of shares and other asset classes. In principle, they replicate the performance of a given index, such as the DAX for example. As a result, there are generally no active investment decisions, which means ETFs involve lower operating costs, including, in particular, remuneration for fund management, than traditional investment funds.
The one-off costs for ETFs are also significantly lower than for traditional funds. Unlike in the case of traditional investment funds, purchases and sales of ETF shares are not made directly with an investment company; instead, the shares are traded at the market rate on the stock exchange with comparatively low one-off costs. Nonetheless, ETFs are subject to ordinary market risks and can experience significant volatility. Overall, the possibility of investing cost-efficiently in a diversified portfolio makes this a popular form of investment.
EU Regulation on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories
The Eurepo is the average interest rate for secured money market transactions in the euro area. To calculate this benchmark, a panel of contributing banks provide daily quotes of the highest rate on the market offered by one prime bank to another for funds in euro in exchange for certain collateral. Unlike the Euro Overnight Index Average (EONIA), the Eurepo is based not on actual transactions but on market observations. Eurepo rates are quoted for different maturities: 1 day, 1, 2 and 3 weeks and 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.
The euro is the common currency of the 20 countries participating in Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union. It is divided into 100 cent. In Germany, the euro replaced the Deutsche Mark as the national currency on 1 January 1999 at the predefined exchange rate of DEM 1.95583 per euro. Initially the euro was only introduced as book money, then as cash from 1 January 2002. The euro exchange rate floats freely depending on supply and demand on the currency market. The euro is the second most important reserve currency in the world, after the US dollar.
The euro area comprises the countries which adopted the euro as their currency in Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union. As of 1 January 2023, this includes 20 countries with around 345 million citizens: Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.
The Euro Interbank Offered Rate (Euribor) is the average interest rate for unsecured euro term deposits. To calculate this benchmark, a panel of more than 30 contributing banks provide daily quotes of the highest rate offered by one prime bank to another for an unsecured euro term deposit. Unlike the Euro Overnight Index Average (EONIA), the Euribor is based not on actual transactions but on market observations. Euribor interest rates are calculated for term deposits of different maturities, including one week and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The European Money Markets Institute (EMMI), which is certified by the European Union for this purpose, is responsible for the calculation and administration. The Euribor is the key reference rate for a large number of loans, such as variable-rate mortgage loans.
The Euro Overnight Index Average (EONIA) is a reference rate for the euro interbank overnight market calculated on the basis of actual transactions. A panel of around 30 banks each contribute daily data on the total volume of transactions in unsecured overnight money and the weighted average interest rate for this daily volume. The contributing banks report these data to the European Central Bank which in turn calculates a weighted average interest rate. The resulting EONIA is a key reference rate for banks, serving as an underlying for financial instruments such as EONIA swaps. The EONIA is gradually being replaced by the euro short-term rate (€STR) for all products and contracts.
The Euro Plus Pact was agreed upon in 2011 by the at that time 17 euro-area countries plus Bulgaria, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania to achieve greater growth and convergence. The countries agreed to make concrete commitments each year to national objectives and measures designed to promote competitiveness, employment, fiscal sustainability and financial stability. Establishing the pact aimed to provide a high level of political transparency and thus place pressure on the member states to actually implement the measures devised.
The €uro short-term rate (€STR) is a reference rate for unsecured overnight money in the euro area. It is calculated on the basis of money market statistics. To this end, around 50 reporting banks notify the ECB of their transactions in the money market – i.e. the market for central bank money – on a daily basis. In order to calculate the €STR, unsecured overnight borrowing transactions with all financial counterparties (e.g. banks, money market funds) are taken into account, and the volume-weighted average interest rate is calculated. The €STR is published at 8 a.m. on the next TARGET2 business day. The use of the EONIA as a reference rate was discontinued as of 1 January 2020, and it was replaced by the €STR. Other well-known reference rates are the EURIBOR, EUREPO, SOFR and SONIA.
EURO1 is a multilateral payment system for large-value payments denominated in euro which was launched by the European Banking Association (EBA) and is operated by EBA CLEARING. The participant banks are from the EU and other OECD countries; they all have at least one branch in the European Union via which they participate in the EURO1 system. The special feature regarding the settlement of payments is that all participant banks have a claim or obligation only vis-à-vis EURO1, but not vis-à-vis the other participants. EURO1 is classified as one of the Eurosystem's systemically important payment systems.
The Eurogroup is a forum in which the member states of the euro area coordinate their economic and fiscal policies, particularly with a view to strengthening the euro, their common currency. It comprises the finance ministers of the euro-area countries and usually meets the day before the Ecofin Council meeting. The President of the Eurogroup is elected by the group's members. The European Commission attends Eurogroup meetings and the European Central Bank is also invited.
The Europa series is the Eurosystem's technical term for the second series of euro banknotes with improved security features. The name Europa refers to the mythological figure of the same name, whose portrait appears in the watermark and hologram in this banknote series. Issuance of the Europa series of banknotes started with the €5 note on 2 May 2013. The other banknotes in the series will be introduced gradually over several years, in ascending order.
Europe 2020 is a growth strategy adopted by the European Council in 2010. A key aim of the strategy is to emerge stronger from the debt crisis in some euro area countries. The Europe 2020 strategy has five headline targets: more employment, more innovation, more climate protection and sustainability, more education and the reduction of poverty. The individual member states set concrete national targets and they will also implement structural reform strategies. Member states report on their progress in achieving these goals annually as part of the European Semester and then receive recommendations from the European Council.
The European Banking Authority (EBA), founded in 2011, is an EU regulatory agency headquartered in Paris. Its main tasks include the setting of standards for EU banking supervision, the development of a manual of harmonised supervisory practices and the execution of stress tests. The EBA is one of the three European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs).
The European Central Bank (ECB), based in Frankfurt am Main, became the monetary authority for the member states participating in the Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) when the euro was introduced at the beginning of 1999. It is one of the seven institutions of the European Union. The ECB's main decision-making body is the Governing Council, which consists of the six members of the Executive Board and the governors of the national central banks of the euro area countries. The Governing Council notably formulates monetary policy for the Eurosystem. In response to the financial and sovereign debt crisis, 2012 saw the ECB being assigned a leading role in European banking supervision (single supervisory mechanism, or SSM). The ECB and the national central banks of euro area countries make up the Eurosystem, while the ECB and the central banks of all EU member states form the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). The ECB President is the highest representative and spokesperson of both the ECB and the Eurosystem, representing both institutions in numerous international bodies.
The European Commission is a supranational institution of the European Union headquartered in Brussels. In some respects, it is similar to the government of a national state. It is, among other things, responsible for the implementation of political measures relating to the EU and its budget and, in conjunction with the Court of Justice of the European Union, for the enforcement of European laws. In addition, it draws up draft directives, regulations and other Community legislation and represents the Community's interests in business with national organisations and non-EU countries. Each EU member state sends a Commissioner to the EU Commission. One member of the Commission, nominated by the European Council, is elected President of the Commission by the European Parliament. In a similar way to a national government minister, each of the remaining Commissioners is responsible for a particular portfolio.
The European Council is the most important political body of the European Union. It comprises the heads of state or government of EU member states, the president of the European Council and the president of the European Commission. It defines the general political directions and priorities of the European Union, makes political policy decisions and provides the EU with the necessary impetus for its further development. It is to be distinguished from the Council of the European Union, which is made up of ministerial representatives of the governments of member states.
The European deposit insurance scheme (EDIS) is the third pillar of the nascent banking union, complementing the two other key elements already in place: the Single Supervisory Mechanism and the Single Resolution Mechanism. However, policymakers have postponed this initiative until further notice as no agreement could be reached regarding its exact design. Despite this fact, greater harmonisation among the various national deposit guarantee schemes (DGSs) has been achieved.
Since the beginning of 1994, the European Economic Area (EEA) has been an enhanced free trade area between the European Union and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) – however, excluding Switzerland. In the European Economic Area, the rules enabling free movement (of goods, people, services and capital) valid in the European Single Market also apply to the EFTA member countries Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. Switzerland, although part of the EFTA, does not belong to the EEA; however, it is connected to the European Single Market by way of bilateral agreements.
The European Exchange Rate Arrangement was established in April 1972 by the governments of Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Under this arrangement, the exchange rates of the participating currencies were not allowed to deviate from the agreed central rates by more than 2.25%. Exchange rates were thus essentially pegged to one another, though they could fluctuate to a certain degree, hence the names "European currency snake" and "snake in the tunnel". The arrangement had a colourful history, with new members joining and others leaving, and central rates being realigned on a number of occasions. The European Exchange Rate Arrangement was replaced by the European Monetary System (EMS) in 1979.
The European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism (EFSM) is an additional source of funding for the EU Commission. It was founded by the EU member states in 2010 in response to the financial and sovereign debt crisis. The EFSM allows the European Commission to raise up to €60 billion in the capital market on behalf of the EU for lending – under strict conditions – to EU member states faced with exceptional circumstances beyond their control.
The European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) was established as a temporary rescue measure by the EU member states in 2010 in response to the financial and sovereign debt crisis. The facility offered financial assistance to euro-area countries, provided they committed to certain reform programmes. The facility, with a guarantee line of €780 billion, was authorised to raise a maximum of €440 billion in the capital market through the issuance of securities. These securities are backed by guarantees made by the member states of the Euro area in proportion to their share in the capital of the ECB. The EFSF, which has now been replaced by the European Stability Mechanism, has not financed any new programmes since 1 July 2013, but continues to finance agreed programmes.
The European Fiscal Compact is the name given to the decision made by 25 EU states in December 2011 to increase their cooperation with regard to fiscal policy. A key component of the Fiscal Compact is the stipulation that general government budgets must be at least close to balance in structural terms. Although the Stability and Growth Pact includes very similar requirements, the Fiscal Compact is to enshrine them in national law ("debt brake"). Furthermore, an automatic correction mechanism is to be triggered if targets are missed significantly. Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the European Monetary Union (TSCG) Stability and Growth Pact.
The European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) is an EU supervisory body established in 2011 and based in Frankfurt am Main. It is one of the three European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs).
The European Markets Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR; EU Regulation on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories) of 2012 contains provisions governing over-the-counter trading of derivative products. Market participants are obliged to report all over-the-counter derivative transactions to a trade repository. Moreover, standardised derivative products must be cleared through a central counterparty (CCP). If a market participant carries out non-standardised derivative transactions, its risk management procedures are subject to more stringent requirements under EMIR.
The EMI, established in 1994, was a European institution tasked with coordinating national monetary policy in the European Union during Stage Two of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The aim of this coordination was to achieve the convergence necessary for the transition to the Stage Three of EMU. The EMI was also designed to create the legal, institutional and organisational framework for a single European monetary policy in the Stage Three of EMU. EMI members comprised the central banks of the EU member states. On 1 June 1998, the EMI was replaced by the European Central Bank (ECB).
The European Monetary System (EMS) was the framework for monetary policy cooperation between European Union countries from 1979 to the end of 1998. Its aim was to create a "zone of stability" between the currencies of participating countries with essentially fixed but adjustable exchange rates. The EMS was built around the European Currency Unit (ECU), which was used both as a unit of account and reference variable for exchange rates and as a payment instrument and reserve currency for central banks. Participating countries set a central ECU rate for each currency which could then be used to determine the central rates for a given currency pair. Most exchange rates were allowed to fluctuate by up to 2.25% around their particular central rate, and central banks were obliged to safeguard these ranges by intervening in the forex market if need be. Central rates were realigned on numerous occasions to minimise the need for intervention. The EMS, which is sometimes known as Exchange Rate Mechanism I, was discontinued on 1 January 1999 with the advent of Stage Three of Economic and Monetary Union.
The European Parliament (EP) is the only institution of the European Union (EU) that is directly elected by EU citizens. In conjunction with the Council, the Members of the European Parliament pass EU laws, adopt the EU budget and control the executive. Elections to the EP are held every five years. Although the ECB is completely independent and must not be influenced by policy makers, it must report to the EP on monetary policy decisions in accordance with the basic democratic principles of accountability. The President of the ECB therefore reports to the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs every three months. As part of the ECB's reporting obligations, the President also appears before the plenary session of the EP to present the ECB's Annual Report, on which the EP usually adopts a resolution.
The European Payments Initiative (EPI) is an initiative launched by a large number of banks from various euro area countries. It aims to create a unified European payment solution encompassing a payment card and a digital wallet that can be used to cover in-store, online and person-to-person payments as well as cash withdrawals.
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA), founded in 2011, is an EU supervisory agency headquartered in Paris. It is one of the three European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs).
The European Semester is an instrument for coordinating economic policy in the EU member states and has been used since 2010. The European Semester commences at the beginning of each year with a European Commission growth survey and ends six months later after detailed consultations with country-specific recommendations, endorsed by the European Council.
An area in which goods, services and people as well as capital and payments can move freely is known as a single market. The European Single Market is the joint market for the current 27 member states of the European Union; it has been known as such since the beginning of 1993. The European Single Market has approximately 500 million inhabitants; in terms of gross domestic product, it is the largest market in the world. The European Commission sees the European Single Market as a work in progress requiring further development such as, for instance, the mutual recognition and harmonisation of standards. Countries particularly connected to the European Single Market are Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway (by way of the European Economic Area), Switzerland (by way of bilateral agreements) and Turkey (by way of a customs union).
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is an intergovernmental financial institution headquartered in Luxembourg. It was established in response to the financial and sovereign debt crisis as a permanent crisis resolution mechanism and replaced the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), which had been set up as a temporary crisis resolution mechanism. The ESM provides financial aid to euro area countries where this is indispensable to preserve the financial stability of the euro area and its member states. These countries must temporarily experience or be threatened by serious financing problems. The ESM can use various tools to help them, such as the granting of loans or the purchase of sovereign debt. In return, the borrowing countries have to fulfil conditions. These should be suitable to remedy the problems that have arisen and be appropriate to the financial aid instrument chosen. The ESM has a total of 500 billion euros at its disposal for financial aid to the member states. The ESM refinances itself for the most part by issuing bonds. In order to enable the ESM to refinance itself on favourable terms, the euro countries have subscribed to a share capital of 700 billion euros (oversubscription), consisting of 80 billion euros in cash contributions and 620 billion euros in capital that can be called up as required. The finance ministers of the Euro countries represent the governments in the ESM Board of Governors and make all the important decisions. In Germany, there are also participation rights of the federal parliament.
The European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) are three EU supervisory bodies established at the beginning of 2011. The ESAs include the European Banking Authority (EBA), which is responsible for banking supervision, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), and the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA). The ESAs are responsible for microprudential oversight at the EU level. Together with the Joint Committee, the national supervisory authorities and the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB), the ESAs form the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS).
The European System of Accounts (ESA) is a system of uniform statistical definitions and classifications. The aim of the ESA is to provide comparable and reliable information on the structure and development of the economy in the countries and regions of the European Union.
The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) comprises the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all EU member states, ie besides Eurosystem central banks, it also includes the national central banks of EU member states which have not (yet) adopted the euro. The ESCB's main governing body is the General Council (GC), which is made up of the ECB's President and Vice-President as well as the governors of the NCBs of all EU member states.
The European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS), which began operating at the beginning of 2011, aims to monitor the financial system from both a microprudential and a macroprudential perspective. The system consists of the European Banking Authority (EBA), the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA), the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB). The system also includes the Joint Committee of the European Supervisory Authorities and the competent supervisory authorities of the member states.
The European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is an independent EU body which is responsible for overseeing the financial system in the EU as a whole and for the timely identification of systemic risk (macroprudential oversight). The ESRB can issue warnings, making such warnings public where appropriate, and make recommendations. Based at the European Central Bank (ECB), the ESRB comprises representatives from the ECB, national central banks, supervisory authorities and the European Commission.
The European Union (EU) is an association of European states currently consisting of 27 members. Founded after the devastation of the Second World War, the main aim at the time was to promote a peaceful coexistence by forging targeted economic links and to prevent military conflicts in future. Today, the EU's objectives are to consolidate the internal market, to create a single monetary and foreign exchange policy and to foster increasing coordination of economic, social, foreign, defence, justice and internal security policies. The institutions of the EU are the European Parliament (elected by the people of the member states), the European Council (consisting of the heads of state and government of the EU member states, President of the European Council and President of the European Commission), the Council (consisting of the ministers of the EU member states), the European Commission (a supranational institution), the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the European Court of Auditors.
Eurostat is the Statistical Office of the European Union based in Luxembourg. Its task is to generate statistics for the European Union, so that comparisons can be made between countries and regions.
The Eurosystem comprises the European Central Bank and the 20 national central banks of the EU member states that currently use the euro. It has sovereign power over monetary policy for the euro area countries. Its highest decision-making body is the Governing Council of the ECB. The primary objective of the Eurosystem is to safeguard price stability. When making monetary policy decisions, the Eurosystem is fundamentally independent from political interference (independence of the central bank). Alongside its main task of monetary policy, the Eurosystem also carries out joint foreign exchange transactions, promotes the smooth functioning of payment systems, manages reserve assets, issues euro banknotes and coins, generates statistics, and contributes to banking supervision and the stability of the financial system.
Excess liquidity is the Eurosystem term used to refer to the highly liquid deposits that commercial banks hold on their central bank accounts which are in excess of minimum reserve requirements. Excess liquidity also includes funds that banks invest in the deposit facility. Provided the money market functions as it should, the Eurosystem supplies the banking system with central bank money such that there is effectively no excess liquidity and also no shortage of central bank money. Excess liquidity is remunerated at 0 % or the interest rate on the deposit facility if this is negative. Regardless of this, balances in the deposit facility always earn interest at the deposit facility rate.
An exchange is an organised market in which securities, foreign exchange or even commodities can be traded in accordance with certain rules. The prices of the items traded are determined continuously on the basis of supply and demand.
Describes the rate of exchange between two currencies. In a flexible exchange rate regime, the exchange rate is derived from supply and demand. It can be expressed as a direct quotation or indirect quotation. Indirect quotation states how much foreign currency can be obtained for one unit of the domestic currency. Direct quotation states how much one unit of the foreign currency costs. All euro exchange rates are expressed in indirect quotation, e.g. €1 = US$1.40.
Exchange rate channel is the term given to a theoretical concept describing the effect of a monetary policy stimulus on exchange rates. For example, if a central bank raises its key interest rate because the price level is rising too quickly, the higher domestic interest rates attract more and more foreign monetary capital, causing the domestic currency to appreciate. This makes imports cheaper and curbs upward price pressures at home.
Exchange rate mechanism II (ERM II) is a regime of fixed exchange rates in which all EU countries wishing to adopt the euro as their currency must participate. Participating currencies can only fluctuate by a maximum of ± 15% around the central euro rate, although tighter fluctuation bands can also be agreed. To keep currencies within these fluctuation bands, the central banks in question can engage in essentially unrestricted foreign exchange market interventions, but these must not run counter to the aim of price stability. One of the convergence criteria for introducing the euro is that a candidate country must participate in the mechanism without tension for at least two years before it can qualify to adopt the euro. ERM II replaced the European Monetary System (known as EMS or ERM I) at the beginning of 1999.
In an exchange rate regime, the exchange rate for the participating currencies is determined according to standard principles. The basic forms are floating exchange regimes and fixed exchange regimes. In a floating exchange regime, exchange rates are formed esentially without government intervention, based on supply and demand on the foreign exchange market (e.g. determination of the euro/dollar exchange rate). In a fixed regime, exchange rates are determined based on agreements between the participating countries. Central banks must keep the exchange rate within a specific range of the predetermined rate by buying and selling foreign exchange. Exchange rate changes are made through "realignments", i.e. adjustment of the agreed central rates. Some countries peg the exchange rate of their currency to another currency unilaterally, i.e. with no contractual basis (currency board).
The Executive Board of the ECB comprises the ECB's President, Vice-President and four other members, all of whom are appointed by the European Council, acting by a qualified majority. Members of the Executive Board have a tenure of eight years and cannot be reappointed. The ECB Executive Board manages the ECB and the day-to-day business of the Eurosystem. All Executive Board members belong to the Governing Council.
The expectations channel is the name given to a theoretical concept describing the effect of monetary policy measures on the inflation expectations of banks and non-banks. For instance, a reduction in the key interest rate will not cause long-term interest rates in the capital market to decline as well if it is thought that the expansionary monetary policy will cause inflation to rise in future. In this case, investors will factor the expected higher inflation rates into the returns they expect to receive for providing debt capital over an extended period of time. Enterprises setting prices and social partners negotiating wages act in much the same way; that is, they do not respond to changes in the supply and demand conditions in the market but act pre-emptively, drawing on their expectations of future inflation rates based on past experience. Monetary policymakers can harness this behaviour if they have acquired a reputation for always decisively combatting inflation. After all, this would give economic agents no reason to factor higher future inflation rates into returns, prices and wages.
According to the methodology used within the national accounts, exports comprise all the goods and services which an economy transfers abroad within a given period of time. Goods are recorded in the trade balance and services are shown in the services account, both of which form part of the current account.
Der Rat der Europäischen Zentralbank (EZB-Rat; englisch: Governing Council, GC) ist das oberste Beschlussorgan der EZB und des Eurosystems. Er bestimmt insbesondere über die Geldpolitik im Euro-Währungsgebiet. Ihm gehören der EZB-Präsident, der EZB-Vizepräsident, die vier weiteren Mitglieder des EZB-Direktoriums sowie die Präsidenten bzw. Gouverneure der Zentralbanken der Länder des Euro-Währungsgebiets an. Alle Mitglieder gehören dem EZB-Rat "ad personam" an, das heißt, sie entscheiden nicht als Vertreter eines Staates oder einer Institution, sondern nach ihrem persönlichen Ermessen. Vorrangiges Ziel des EZB-Rats ist es, Preisstabilität im Euro-Währungsgebiet zu gewährleisten. Der EZB-Rat tagt normalerweise zweimal monatlich. Der EZB-Präsident leitet den EZB-Rat und ist sein oberster Repräsentant und Sprecher. Der Vertrag sieht vor, dass die Entscheidungsträger der EU an den Sitzungen des EZB-Rats teilnehmen können – allerdings ohne Stimmrecht. Nach Artikel 284 AEUV kann der Präsident des EU-Rats sowie ein Mitglied der Kommission ohne Stimmrecht an den Sitzungen des EZB-Rats teilnehmen und auch die Diskussion von bestimmten Themen anregen; in der Praxis nimmt der Präsident der Eurogruppe anstelle des Präsidenten des EU-Rats teil.


text:
(CNN) -- CNN's Larry King sat down with Elizabeth Edwards on Tuesday to discuss her new book, her personal tragedies and the power of resilience.
Elizabeth Edwards has written a book on adversity, titled "Resilience."
Here is a portion of their interview.
King: It's a great pleasure to welcome to "Larry King Live" -- known her quite some time now, always great seeing her -- Elizabeth Edwards.
Here in Los Angeles, "The New York Times" best-selling author. Her new book is "Resilience: Reflections on the Burdens and Gifts of Facing Life's Adversities." There you see its cover.
She's the wife of the former Democratic presidential candidate John Edwards.
And before we get in to this extraordinary book, why you wrote it and details about it -- and extraordinary, of course, automatic best-seller -- how are you doing physically?
Edwards: I'm doing all right. You know, I'd like, you know, to be killing the cancer a little bit at a time and be on this constant downward slide -- or maybe it's upward -- but it's not like that. It's up and down.
And so I've had some bad results, but right now I'm on a very good track. And the medicine I'm taking right now seems to be working. And I feel pretty good.
King: "All right" is not a great answer. You'd like to hear "great."
Edwards: Well, you know, the truth is, the medicine has side effects. You know? I have very dry hands, very dry feet. I've some numbness, some aches and pains. ... Watch Edwards discuss her new book, her husband and battle with cancer »
King: Are you in any stage, as they say?
Edwards: Stage four.
King: That's the last stage.
Edwards: Well, we're hoping if we don't move from that stage, you know, you're fine.
King: The fear is it spreads; right?
Edwards: The fear is that it spreads. And it did spread a little bit from March of 2007. That was the -- that was when I had -- when I said the ups and downs. It spread to a bone in my thigh. And -- but the last test I had, everything seem to be stabilized. ...
King: So why write [the book]?
Edwards: Well, honestly, I'm actually really glad you asked this question, because a lot of people are asking that question. And I'm really pleased to have the opportunity to answer.
The book, for people who have actually read it -- people were coming before it actually came out and they hadn't read it -- but those who actually read it will find that seven-eighths of the book is about other things. A very small portion is about our latest problems associated with John's indiscretions. And ... if I had written it without -- you know, it happened after I had agreed to write the book -- if I had written it without that, people would be complaining that I hadn't been honest. I pride myself in being an honest person.
King: So a Catch-22.
Edwards: Right, one way or the other. So I devoted a very small part of the book to that subject, but 95 percent of the questions by the same people who are complaining about me are exactly on that subject.
King: But being a very bright woman, you knew that that would be the attention-getting of the book.
Edwards: I knew that it would draw attention, and that's why I actually wrote in there, "If you picked up this book in hopes of reading details of a scandal, put the book down now." It's not about that.
The book is about what you do. And the kinds of adversities I talked about were the kinds I faced. But there are all sorts of adversities people face and, you know, you're going to have problems in your life. That's a universal fact, and how it is you deal with them, how it is you accept them and integrate them into your life is what the book is about. ...
King: Did you have any suspicion any time?
Edwards: No, no.
King: None.
Edwards: None. I mean ...
King: Not a question?
Edwards: Not ...
King: Man on the road a lot?
Edwards: Yes -- no, but he -- you know, he had been on the road for quite some time, I mean, he was a lawyer who traveled, did cases all over, but I saw the way he treated me, I knew the way he treated me, and the way the commitment he had to our family, and I had -- you know, I was -- perhaps, you know, the one thing I can agree with Maureen Dowd is that I was probably naive.
I was certainly naive. Watch Edwards talk about her naivete »
King: How about the world "betrayal"?
Edwards: I think it is a betrayal. And I think John thinks that it is a betrayal.
King: Why didn't you get divorced?
Edwards: Because, you know, a marriage is -- we all know this, it's hard work, you put it together, and you work very hard on it. And the parts that come in, good and bad, include for John that he is an extraordinarily good man.
When he talked about poverty, he meant it. In fact, you know, as we speak, he's working in El Salvador with the Fuller Center and the Homes from the Heart, trying to make certain that people who don't have shelter have that.
I mean, this is something he deeply cares about. That's a good man. He has provided for us. He has -- you know, his fathering has been nearly perfect. His caring for me, with this really big painful exception, has been extraordinary, through Wade's death, through the cancer.
King: But you have to think about it a lot, don't you? Or do ...
Edwards: Oh, no, you do. You have to say, is that -- is this piece, this piece which is so painful, so big, that it obscures all of those other things. And did I think about that? I did think about that. But in the end I decided it did not.
King: All right. When the story first appeared -- talking about "Resilience," when the story first appeared in the tabloids, a friend had to mention it to you, did you see this in the Enquirer?
Edwards: Yes.
King: What did you say?
Edwards: You know, I remember a long time ago standing in a line and seeing a picture in front of one these tabloid magazines of an old plane surrounded by dust. And they said, "Abandoned World War II Plane Found on the Face of the Moon."
And I thought, you know, isn't it odd that, you know, CNN and ABC and everybody missed this story that was picked up by this tabloid. At the same time that the stories appeared about John, there was exactly the similar stories appearing about now President Obama.
You know, this is the fodder that they have.
King: So you dismissed them.
Edwards: I dismissed them.
King: What did he say?
Edwards: He said that they -- he told me that they weren't true. And for, you know, a period of time, he was certainly untruthful to me. And, you know, part of the betrayal is not just these -- the acts, but also the breach of the trust that we had between us.
King: How did you find out? Really find -- know the truth?
Edwards: John told me. He told me briefly after -- he told me after he had done his announcement to run for president, he had gone to various places and -- to do that, and came back to Chapel Hill. And after he had done the announcement there, he told me.
It was the first time I had ever seen her. I didn't honestly know that the videographer was a female. I mean, this is -- I was completely in the dark.
King: And naive.
Edwards: And naive.
King: How do he say it?
Edwards: He just -- you know, we just went into our -- my family visits at Christmas, which is great, and he just went -- we went into our bedroom, and he said he had something, you know, he needed to tell me.
And that this person had traveled with him, was no longer traveling with him and would not. And he just -- you know, he was contrite. He wanted -- you know, so wanted to hug me and hold me to comfort me, and that's not exactly the moment when I wanted to be hugged.
Later on there was plenty of time for that. But you know, he just told me, and you know, I took it as I suppose most people do, which is very badly.
King: Was there a kind of, "How could you?"
Edwards: Oh, absolutely. You know, and I don't think he knows. I don't think to this day he knows how he could do this, because if you asked him to rank the things that are important to him, this wouldn't be on the list.
And you know, it's just hard.
King: Did he think that something would come out running for president?
Edwards: Well, I think that he thought that he believed that, you know, what he had told me -- I don't know what he thinks, but what he had told me was that it was a single night.
And you know, I thought that a single night would probably not come out. It had been some time before and that if she had wanted to talk about it, she would have plenty of opportunity in the interim to do so and had chosen not to. ...
King: I know, Elizabeth, this must be difficult for you. You also learned, obviously, there wasn't a one-night stand.
Edward: I did. But I learned that, you know, a year and a half after -- after he first confessed to me. And long after the campaign was over.
King: How did you feel about that?
Edward: You know, it threw me. I have to be honest with you. I felt like we had spent a very difficult year plus, trying to work through this. And I like to say that I could just handle it; it's just one time. But it was pretty devastating. And now I had to not only deal with that and more, but I also had to deal with the fact that he hadn't been honest with me. So, you know, the work on rebuilding trust was set back a great deal. And -- and so we're still working on that.
All About Elizabeth Edwards • John Edwards

subset: commoncrawl


text:
LeVisit the learning page to change what you know and build on what you do. WASH and water professionals will find a curated list of water-focused learning briefs, webinars, and upcoming events and conferences that encourage collaboration and engagement.
Reach and connect with other water development implementers and share your successes and challenges to improve future project design and sustainability. Click here to submit your event, publicize your webinar, or share your learning.
Do you know of something else we should include? Let us know


text:
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text:
Sunday at the Bastille Farmer's Market
There are dozens of farmer's markets in Paris, at least two per each of the city's 20 districts called arrondissements. The largest and arguably the best is the fantastic Richard Lenoir Market (more commonly called the Bastille market), held Thursdays and Sundays from 7:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. along the grand Boulevard Richard Lenoir, just north of the Place de la Bastille.
You can find ANYTHING here … Continue Reading →


text:
Grundfos UPS50-80/4B 96404966, 3/4-HP, 460V Circulating Pump. This Circulating Pump is designed to be extremely efficient, and durable. The pump's motor is engineered for use on both full and part-capacity systems. The Grundfos UPS50-80/4B 96404966, 3/4-HP, 460V Circulating Pump is designed to cover a broad range of both commercial and residential circulation applications. These circulation applications include; circulating liquids in heating and air-conditioning systems, general water supply, boiler/hydronic heating, and chilled water systems. This Grundfos UPS50-80/4B 96404966, 3/4-HP, 460V Circulating Pump also features an easy maintenance design that allows a single person to service the pump with ease, saving your company time and money. Other important specifications include; Multi-Stage/Phase Motor, Cast Iron Body, Integral Check Valve, Flanged Connection, and Signature Dark Red Color.
|Electrical Voltage:
|460 Volt
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|11 1/2
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text:
The Wanted Perform 'I Found You' + 'Glad You Came' on 'Dancing With the Stars'
Though they insist they aren't really a boy band because they don't dance, the Wanted brought their talents to 'Dancing With the Stars' this week. The boys performed their latest single, 'I Found You' -- and they even danced a little bit (we see you, Nathan Sykes!).
The group's performance, similar to their set at the 2012 American Music Awards, opened atop a staircase. Sykes, as usual, took the lead in the first verse, and the band descended the steps gradually following the first chorus. The audience shrieked like maniacs when Tom Parker began singing his solo in the second verse. The screams came back when Max George had his second solo. What, no love for Nathan, Jay McGuiness or Siva Kaneswaran? Are these people blind?
The Wanted threw a curve ball to fans, mashing up 'I Found You' with 'Glad You Came,' their monster first single. Flanked by professional, scantily clad dancers, the performances captured the club vibes the band are famous for.
A dance floor is actually a familiar place for one particular member of the Wanted. Jay McGuiness has plenty of experience with dance. You can watch him tap dancing and busting some serious modern moves below!
Watch Jay McGuiness of the Wanted Dancing
Watch Jay McGuiness of the Wanted Tap Dancing


text: Today, Intel made two fairly large announcements simultaneously with the announcement of their Omni Scale Fabric and the integration of it into their next generation of Xeon Phi chips. Additionally, Intel has worked with Micron to enhance Knight's Landing with high-performance on-package memory. This on-package memory is also known as Hybrid Memory Cube or HMC. The Knight's Landing next generation Xeon Phi product announced today will use Intel's Silvermont CPU architecture which is modified (or as Intel says, enhanced) for HPC. The expectation that Intel is setting is that these cores will deliver three times the single threaded performance of the previous generation and still


text:
The Grapevine Fire Department offers complimentary CPR/AED classes for those who live or
work in Grapevine.
The complimentary classes are designed for ages 10 or older - minors must be accompanied
by an adult. Class sizes are limited to a maximum of 18 and a minimum of 3 participants.
Registration is required.
A certificate of completion is issued to participants. Healthcare providers requiring professional
certification are encouraged to contact the American Heart Association for class resources.
2021 classes are located at the Grapevine Public Service Building at 1007 Ira E Woods Ave
from 8:30 a.m. to noon on the following week days:
Registration opens 30 days prior to each class. Apply by sending the following information to
• What is the first and last name of each participant?
• What phone number (voice and text) may we use for each participant
to communicate schedule changes?
• Do participants live in Grapevine? Or, work in Grapevine?
Confirmation will be sent by reply email.
Should you have any questions contact the Grapevine Fire Department at 817-410-4400.
Helpful Links
When in Doubt Dial 911
Hands-On CPR
Chain of Survival


text: About 32% of hospitals and 52% of non-acute providers -- such as outpatient clinics, rehabilitation facilities and physicians' offices -- are not encrypting data in transit, according to a new survey.Additionally, only 61% of acute providers and 48% of non-acute providers are encrypting data at rest.This "leaves the door wide open to potential tampering and corruption of the data, in addition to a large potential for a breach," the report stated. "If a computer, laptop, thumb drive, or backup were to be stolen, any person would be able to access such information." HIMSSThe survey, conducted by the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS), a Chicago-based trade group for the health information technology sector, also revealed that many of the facilities' networks don't even have firewalls."The results are surprising," the HIMSS report stated, because only 78% of acute care facilities (healthcare systems and hospitals) and 90% of non-acute facilities are using firewalls; some 85% of acute care facilities and 90% of non-acute providers are using antivirus and anti-malware software. HIMSSWhen asked to project the motivations of cyber criminals based on the threats experienced, the vast majority of healthcare organization respondents (77%) cited medical identity theft as the primary motivation."With tens of thousands of malware variants being generated each day, this lack of defense may leave an organization wide open to compromise," the report stated. "Without the use of a firewall... providers likely lack the ability to prevent or mitigate virus, malware, and other forms of malicious or undesirable software."Firewalls monitor and filter network traffic, so not having them may leave an organization susceptible to compromise. "Simply put, firewalls are a basic component of network security," the report stated.The HIMSS Cybersecurity Survey received responses between February 15 and May 15, 2016 from 119 acute care providers and 31 non-acute care facilities, which included physicians' offices and home health agencies.Number one on healthcare providers' cybersecurity concerns was ransomware attacks, through which cyber criminals hack into a healthcare database and hold it hostage until a ransom is paid. Ransomware attacks were cited by 69% of respondents as a significant threat to healthcare IT system security. HIMSSHealthcare organizations have reason to be wary. Cyberattacks will cost hospitals more than $305 billion over the next five years, and one in 13 patients will have their data compromised by a hack, according to industry consultancy Accenture.A study by the Brookings Institution predicts that one in four data breaches this year will hit the healthcare industry.The recent study by Brookings showed that since late 2009, the medical information of more than 155 million Americans has been exposed without their permission through about 1,500 breaches. HIMSSThe percentage of acute and non-acute healthcare facilities that have implemented various forms of IT security.The new HIMSS study showed that healthcare IT organizations rely on a limited portfolio of security tools, which may be due to providers lacking appropriate personnel and\/or budgets to address their needs.Acute care providers, the study found, appear to have a greater array of security technologies in their portfolio than do non-acute providers.Many healthcare organizations are also struggling with network patch and vulnerability management. Only 61% of acute cate providers and 42% of non-acute providers say they have a patch and vulnerability management program, the survey found."Essentially, where technology exists, there are vulnerabilities. Such vulnerabilities can sometimes have a high likelihood of exploitation," the study stated. "Without a program in place, there can be a large time window for hackers to exploit an unpatched system (especially if systems are patched or upgraded on a reactive, ad hoc basis). Time is money, including for hackers, and they are likely to go after low hanging fruit."


text:
In an era where gentrification is running wild, I don't know what to think of this one. You know, Whites moving into Black neighborhoods and taking them over is all the rage these days! But, some people created an app to counter this nighty movement. SketchFactor is apparently an app that will appear in the iTunes app store and will help White folk avoid "sketchy" areas. The crazy thing is that the company that created it is located in Manhattan! I'm thinking that this is not going to work since what is going on in NYC is the opposite! I am thinking this is one racist-a$$ app though! I'm not even going to talk about it anymore. I want White people to accidentally move into Lefrack City or QueensBridge on accident so they can really get a taste of the bass! Enoy! Get at me, dun!
Spike Lee ain't gonna like this one.
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text:
When you import calendar items into Outlook, if you select the Allow duplicates to be created option in the Import and Export Wizard, items already in your Calendar are duplicated.
To remove duplicate items from your Calendar, do the following:
In Calendar, in the Navigation Pane, select the Calendar folder.
On the View tab, in the Current View group, click Change View, and then click List.
Click the Subject column heading to arrange all the calendar items by subject.
Hold down CTRL while you click each duplicate calendar item in the list.
When you have selected all of the duplicate calendar items, press DELETE.
Note: To prevent duplicate calendar items when you import calendar items into Outlook, select the Do not import duplicates or Replace duplicates with items imported option in the Import and Export Wizard.


text:
Want the bathroom floor brushed, but too lazy to get down on your knees? Put the robots to work. More specifically, get the direction-capable BristleBot on the job.
Slap that little robot on the tiles, arrange the motor, flip the switch and unleash. Let the BristleBot try its best to render your floor scrubbed, moving in whatever manner you configure it to (how you arrange the motor determines the robot's direction). It can go left, right, straight, in circles or like a disoriented drunk in the middle of the desert with unpredictable paths.
Will it clean the floor? Definitely not, since it's just a modified toothbrush (sans the handle), fitted with a motor around the top. At least, it will do its best, plus you can add soap all over the floor, so it might be a little bit cleaner than before.
Set includes the BristleBot motor and the brushing unit (2-inches long by 0.5-inches tall), along with some decorative wires (so you can make it look more complex than it actually is). It comes with two batteries, with the other for keeping as a spare.
Personally, I never got the thing about BristleBots. Who the heck wants little critter robots running around like cockroaches? While I'm certain whoever first came up with the creation had more than a cockroach in mind, what else can you ever imagine a thing that small will be? At any rate, the direction-controllable BristleBot is cheaper than an electric toothbrush at only $9.99 and looks way cooler.
Just somewhat related, did you guys see this Giant BristleBot from I3 Detroit?
[ Perpetual Kid ]


text:
Nephrology Nursing
Program Information
Credentials College-Approved Certificate
Residency Students must complete a minimum number of credits in this program with their registering college to meet the Program Residency requirement to graduate from the program.
Completion All courses must be completed within 5 years of acceptance into the program.
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text:
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Gamma World Blog
Tim Hartin of Paratime Design, who's hard at work on some excellent maps of Dwimmermount, has started a new blog called Gamma Rites. Dedicated to the 1st and 2nd edition versions of the game, the blog already has a number of great entries. Being in the midst of some Gamma World nostalgia myself, I'm glad to see a blog dedicated to the game and I suspect I'm not alone in this.
Posted by James Maliszewski at 4:37 PM
Labels: gamma world, news, other blogs
4 comments:
Hey Jim,ReplyDelete
We have been doing an online GW campaign. Its stalled at the moment, but is getting ready to fire back up I hope.
We also are doing a one man and a DM online LL-B/x game thats going great:
That's very cool!ReplyDelete
More Burning Wastes needed.ReplyDelete
I was looking to run 2nd edition Gamma World again and my friends where all for it but when i pulled out my 2nd edition stuff i realized that the four pages of charts and tables at the end of the adventure book was missing, because i removed them so long ago.(oh the foolishness of youth) does anyone know where i can download them. thanksReplyDelete
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text: Lawrence Ferlinghetti makes a brief appearance in Martin Scorsese's The Last Waltz — an appearance Christopher Felver wanted to include in his new documentary about the poet and First Amendment hero. But when Felver realized he couldn't get the footage for what he felt was a reasonable price, he didn't see it as a make or break moment. After all, as someone who's been training his camera on Ferlinghetti for 30 years, Felver had plenty of raw material. Assembled from footage shot as far back as the 1980s, Felver's Ferlinghetti: A Rebirth of Wonder opens February 8 at the Quad Cinema […]by Kevin Canfield on Feb 5, 2013


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iPrefs: The Product Apple Didn't Know It Wanted
Steve Jobs once said, "A lot of times, people don't know what they want until you show it to them." Apple has always innovated on this premise. It has brought the tech giant much success. But lately, success has been hard to come by; the stock has plummeted 40% from an intraday high of $705 last September.
The sentiment bubble
Apple has a problem that every company wants -- a cash hoard of $137 billion, but no epic idea of what do with it. I've done my part as a shareholder; the company now has all of my routing numbers. I'm still waiting to hear back. But in the meantime, here comes David Einhorn, the outspoken hedge-fund manager at Greenlight Capital. He's got a few ideas of his own. One in particular is called "iPrefs," which has brought him much scrutiny.
I never wanted to like the idea. My loyalty to Apple was too strong. Even CEO Tim Cook called it "a silly sideshow." I agreed. Besides, Apple didn't grow to become the largest company in the world with clueless management. Therefore, who's this guy Einhorn to make cash-use demands? In a recent article, I talked about how I felt he was doing more harm than good. That article prompted an exchange. Einhorn reached out to me and we discussed Apple's current situation -- more specifically, how the company is being appraised by the market.
It requires, however, much more than just a cursory view of Apple's status to appreciate the company's $137 billion cash pile in relation to the ebb and flow of market sentiment. Consider this: From January 2009, when the stock traded at $82.33, to its recent intraday high of $705, shares gained 756% in just four years. That's an absurd average of almost 20% per month for 44 consecutive months. Yet, the P/E ratio never fully reflected confidence -- dropping from 35 to 9, where it is today. But the cash kept rising. What's the problem? The company was carrying too much cash.
The market punished Apple for this by discounting the cash and its future value. By contrast, Texas Instruments , which has 43% more debt than it does cash, is making new 52-week highs. I've been scratching my head around this for quite some time. This is despite struggles with declining revenue. There's no way TI deserves a higher P/E than Qualcomm, much less Apple. Same goes for IBM , which has $33 billion in debt and only $11 billion in cash. It's not a great ratio. But the market forgives IBM's highly levered balance sheet because the company is seen as "shareholder-friendly." For that matter, IBM's 85% return on equity is one of the best on the market.
Coming to terms
There are two lines of thinking here -- what management sees and what the Street wants. You can chose to focus on the unit figure misses, but management sees an operation that is posting record revenue of $54 billion and sales of more than 75 million iOS devices in one quarter. There's no urgency to change. Despite the lost "mojo," the company still makes tons of money. And Cook deserves credit for growing robust free cash flow. Even Einhorn can't dispute that.
However, investors have suffered. But the company's doing well. The disconnection is glaring. But if Cook is truly sincere in saying "I don't like it either, neither does the board or management," then he needs to make a phone call to Einhorn. What's the benefit of gaudy sales performances, if the market doesn't care? It causes resentment. But Cook also said Apple's "focused on the long term." I wouldn't want it any other way. But I think the company owes it to investors to consider all options.
Besides, the $2 per year "permanent preferred" dividend in iPrefs presents a win-win scenario. It will reverse the damage done to the stock, while allowing the company to execute its long-term vision as it sees fit. And it does not signal the end of Apple's great ideas. Instead, it signals the beginning of the next phase of Apple's growth.
Change we can believe in
Let's substitute loyalty with logic. And despite the barrage of headlines making this out to be Einhorn vs. Apple, it's truly about what's best for shareholders. Einhorn took up the fight for investors at a considerable expense to his fund. And the irony with iPrefs is that it truly belongs in Apple's product portfolio -- it's just as innovative. And as an investor, I didn't realize I needed it until it was shown to me.
There's a debate raging as to whether Apple remains a buy. The Motley Fool's senior technology analyst and managing bureau chief, Eric Bleeker, is prepared to fill you in on both reasons to buy and reasons to sell Apple, and what opportunities are left for the company (and your portfolio) going forward. To get instant access to his latest thinking on Apple, simply click here now.
The article iPrefs: The Product Apple Didn't Know It Wanted originally appeared on Fool.com.
Fool contributor Richard Saintvilus owns shares of Apple. The Motley Fool recommends Apple. The Motley Fool owns shares of Apple, International Business Machines, and Qualcomm. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days. We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Copyright © 1995 - 2013 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.


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Book online full day tour in Luxor from Safaga included private transfer
Start your tour around 4:00 am will pick you up from your Hotel in Safaga a representative will be waiting for you at the lobby area holding sign of your name then transfer you to To Luxor city
the tour guide who will be waiting for you there holding sign of your name then transfer you by private Car with A/C to start you full day tour in Luxor
Visit the West Bank you will start your tour to visit the Valley of the kings it has 64 tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom also you can visit the tomb of the most famous king ( Tut ankh amon ) then -Colossi of Memnon visit the the temple of queen Hatshepsut she is one of the most famous queen in Egypt she ruled the country as a king for 20 years then
Book online full day tour in Luxor from Safaga included private transfer
(BREAK) you will take a break for about one hour to have Lunch in a local restraint Lunch is included but Beverages are not included
Visit the East Bank after Lunch you will visit the most famous Temple in Luxor which is called Karnak temple that been build by different kings through the ancient history then visit Luxor temple constructed approximately 1400 BC this Temple is one of the most interesting temples in Egypt you can see all the 5 periods of the history of Egypt inside this Temple
then at the end of the tour we will transfer you back to your hotel in Safaga
This is Private Tour Included pick up and drop off ,Round trip flight ,all entry fees,tour guide and Lunch


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10 Things You May Not Know about Crows
10 Absolutely Shocking Things That Were Found in Shopping Carts
10 Futuristic Technologies That Are More Cool Than Useful
10 Sci-Fi and Fantasy Movies That Were Never Made
10 Acts of Forgiveness in the Face of Adversity
Ten Unexpected Products That Made Millions in Profit
10 Amazing Treasures of the Anglo-Saxons
10 Countries' Outrageous Boondoggles
10 Extraordinary Plain Art Pieces That Are Worth a Fortune
10 Celebrated Scientists Who Developed Deadly Weapons
10 Things You May Not Know about Crows
10 Absolutely Shocking Things That Were Found in Shopping Carts
Who's Behind Listverse?
Jamie Frater
Head Editor
Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author.More About Us
10 Futuristic Technologies That Are More Cool Than Useful
10 Sci-Fi and Fantasy Movies That Were Never Made
10 Acts of Forgiveness in the Face of Adversity
Ten Unexpected Products That Made Millions in Profit
10 Amazing Treasures of the Anglo-Saxons
10 Countries' Outrageous Boondoggles
10 Extraordinary Plain Art Pieces That Are Worth a Fortune
Top 10 Bizarre Festivals
Every year thousands of people gather to take part in, or witness bizarre festivals. Many of these festivals are ancient but some are much more modern. While they are all extremely different, they have one thing in common: they are totally weird. If you wish to mention other festivals that you know of, be sure to do so in the comments. NOTE: Some images may be Not Safe For Work.
SEE ALSO:Top 10 Bizarre Festivals Of Violence From Around The World
On the last Wednesday of August every year in the town of Buñol in the Valencia region of Spain, 9,000 locals and 20,000 – 40,000 foreigners descend on the town to throw tomatoes at each other in honor of the Virgin Mary and St. Louis Bertrand. This tradition has been around since the 1940s, though it was briefly suppressed under the reign of Franco. The festival starts with a person attempting to scale a greased pole to capture a cooked ham. Once the ham is taken down from the pole, water canons are fired at the participants and over 100 tons of tomatoes are dumped into the streets for throwing. Women are expected to wear white and men to wear no shirts. Anyone caught wearing a shirt inevitably has it ripped off – including women and especially tourists who tend to be the main target of locals.
The Cheese Rolling Festival is held every May in Cooper's Hill, Gloucestershire in the United Kingdom. The festival involves an official tossing a cheese down the extremely steep hill, after which hundreds of people begin to run down the hill (risking life and limb) in order to catch the cheese. Each year the event results in casualties and for this reason children are not allowed to participate, though oftentimes boys from the local town will join in anyway. For the children, there is an uphill race. Women and men race separately in the main event.
The Bonfires of Saint John is a popular festival in Spain held on the 19th to the 24th of June. The strange festival involves the lighting of bonfires (frequently fueled by old furniture). The locals share hot chocolate whilst watching the bonfires. But then it gets weird. The children of the villages then take turns in running through the fires. The entire week is filled with festivities including fireworks displays and eighty-six women and eighty-six young girls are elected the "Beauties" of the bonfires. These "beauties" preside over the festival as Queens.
The Spanish certainly like their odd festivals. Every year on the fourth Sunday in January, the locals of a small town named Manganeses de la Polvorosa gather together for the goat tossing festival, in honor of St Vincent de Paul, their patron saint. The festival has been around for so long that no one knows when it started. It involves a young man who finds a goat in the village, ties it up, and takes it to the top of the local Church belfry. He then tosses the goat over the side and it falls 50 feet where it is (hopefully) caught by villagers holding up a sheet of tarpaulin. The village officials banned the event but it continues regardless. Various animal rights agencies have complained about it – though their complaints have also been ignored.
Hadaka Matsuri is a Japanese festival in which the participants are all but naked. The festival is celebrated many times throughout the year in various parts of Japan and those involved usually wear a type of traditional loin cloth. Some of those involved go completely naked which is not frowned on at all – in fact it is considered healthy. The festivals often involve the use of mud (for entertainment) and there are often separate women's and men's festivals. In some towns special festivals are held for children – as a rite of passage, but sometimes children participate in the adult festival. The festival has its origins as a religious event, but these days the religious aspects are virtually forgotten.
Dating from 1620, El Colacho (or baby jumping) is a festival in Spain held every year on the feast of Corpus Christi. The festival involves the laying on mattresses all babies born in the previous twelve months. The adult men of the village of Castrillo de Murcia then dress up as devils and take turns jumping over the babies. The festival often results in injuries (usually of the adults) and it is believed that the jumping rids the babies of original sin – a bizarre kind of baptism. Pope Benedict XVI has recently asked the local priests to distance themselves from the festival as it is dangerous and contrary to the Catholic religion.
Every year in Las Nieves, Spain, people who have suffered a near death experience in the previous year get together to attend Mass in celebration of Saint Marta de Ribarteme, the Patron Saint of resurrection. But here is the twist: they turn up at Mass carrying a coffin, or being carried in a coffin. After Mass, the coffins all proceed to the top of a nearby hill with a statue of the saint. Despite the somberness of the event, people light fireworks and shopkeepers fill the streets to sell religious objects.
Until recently, an annual festival was held in Germany in which a goose was tied by its feet to a post and then clubbed by the local men until its head came off. As a result of complaints from animal rights activists, the festival-goers now hit a goose which has previously been killed. A very similar event occurs in Spain (surprise surprise) every year in which a man hangs from the goose until the head comes off. Again the goose is killed prior to the event which dates back 350 years. The Spanish festival is called Antzar Eguna.
Every year in spring, the festival of Kanamara Matsuri (The Steel Phallus) is held in Kawasaki, Japan. It is a Shinto fertility festival and, as you would expect, it involves a rather large penis statue. During the festival, people can buy candies, vegetables, and gifts in the shape of a phallus. The festival was very popular amongst prostitutes who thought that participation would help to prevent them getting sexually transmitted diseases.
Thaipusam is a Hindu festival (celebrated mostly by Tamils) held in January/February each year to celebrate the birth of Murugan (the son of gods Shiva and Parvati). The participants shave their heads and perform a pilgrimage, at the end of which they shove very sharp skewers through their tongues or cheeks. Some of the practitioners put hooks into their back and pull heavy objects like tractors. The aim is to cause as much pain as possible – the more you endure, the more "blessings" you receive from the gods. The festival is popular in India, but the largest celebrations take place in Singapore and Malaysia, where it is a public holiday.


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Detail Page
published by the WGBH Educational Foundation
supported by the National Science Foundation
This four-part interactive simulation explores some of the most important forces to be considered in structural engineering. It's a fun way for kids in Grades 4-8 to learn about compression, tension, torque, and shear -- and then apply this knowledge to further explore structural load. In the "Materials Lab" section, they stretch and compress 8 different types of building materials: wood, plastic, aluminum, brick, concrete, reinforced concrete, cast iron, and steel. Last, in the "Shapes Lab", they choose from rectangular, arched, and triangular shapes and test their stability.
PBS Learning Media is a collection of 10,000+ videos, lessons, and activities compiled by researchers and experienced teachers to promote use of digital resources in the classroom.
Please note that this resource requires Flash.
Editor's Note: This resource, part of the "Building Big" science education project, meets a wide variety of national standards. It allows students to apply Newton's Laws in a low-risk and game-like environment.
Next Generation Science Standards
Disciplinary Core Ideas (K-12)
Forces and Motion (PS2.A)
Types of Interactions (PS2.B)
Crosscutting Concepts (K-12)
Systems and System Models (K-12)
Structure and Function (K-12)
Influence of Engineering, Technology, and Science on Society and the Natural World (K-12)
Interdependence of Science, Engineering, and Technology (K-12)
Science is a Human Endeavor (3-12)
NGSS Science and Engineering Practices (K-12)
Developing and Using Models (K-12)
AAAS Benchmark Alignments (2008 Version)
3. The Nature of Technology
3B. Design and Systems
3C. Issues in Technology
4. The Physical Setting
4D. The Structure of Matter
4F. Motion
8. The Designed World
8B. Materials and Manufacturing
This resource is part of a Physics Front Topical Unit.
Topic: Dynamics: Forces and Motion
Unit Title: Applications of Newton's Laws
This four-part interactive simulation explores some of the most important forces to be considered in structural engineering. It's a fun way for kids to learn about compression, tension, torque, and shear -- and then apply this knowledge to further explore structural load. They perform virtual stretching and compression of 8 different types of building materials, then choose from rectangular, arched, and triangular shapes and test their stability.Link to Unit:
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National Science Foundation. PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab. Boston: WGBH Educational Foundation, September 30, 2011.
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(WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, 2004), WWW Document, (https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/).
PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab (WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, 2004), <https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/>.
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PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab. (2011, September 30). Retrieved September 29, 2023, from WGBH Educational Foundation: https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/
Chicago Format
National Science Foundation. PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab. Boston: WGBH Educational Foundation, September 30, 2011. https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/ (accessed 29 September 2023).
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PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab. Boston: WGBH Educational Foundation, 2004. 30 Sep. 2011. National Science Foundation. 29 Sep. 2023 <https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/>.
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@misc{ Title = {PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab}, Publisher = {WGBH Educational Foundation}, Volume = {2023}, Number = {29 September 2023}, Month = {September 30, 2011}, Year = {2004} }
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%T PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab %D September 30, 2011 %I WGBH Educational Foundation %C Boston %U https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/ %O application/flash
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%0 Electronic Source %D September 30, 2011 %T PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab %I WGBH Educational Foundation %V 2023 %N 29 September 2023 %8 September 30, 2011 %9 application/flash %U https://oeta.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/phy03.sci.phys.mfe.bbforces/forces-lab/
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PBS Learning Media: Forces Lab:
Is Part Of PBS: Building Big
A link to the full Building Big collection, with additional interactive labs and activities, plus an Educator's Guide.relation by Caroline Hall
Supplements TryEngineering: Design a Dome
A lab activity for Grades 5-9. Students work on teams to construct and test a dome structure that will support a specified weight on top.relation by Caroline Hall
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About Apple security updates
For our customers' protection, Apple doesn't disclose, discuss, or confirm security issues until an investigation has occurred and patches or releases are available. Recent releases are listed on the Apple security updates page.
For more information about security, see the Apple Product Security page. You can encrypt communications with Apple using the Apple Product Security PGP Key.
Apple security documents reference vulnerabilities by CVE-ID when possible.
iCloud for Windows 6.2.1
Released May 15, 2017
Available for: Windows 7 and later
Impact: Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to arbitrary code execution
Description: Multiple memory corruption issues were addressed with improved memory handling.
CVE-2017-2530: Wei Yuan of Baidu Security Lab, Zheng Huang of the Baidu Security Lab working with Trend Micro's Zero Day Initiative
Entry updated June 20, 2017