text:
Here are the abstracts of the other two papers:
Comparison of Childs' Exodus and Isaiah Commentaries: continuity and development
A common misconception of the development of Brevard Childs' thought is that he first started out as a historical critic, interested in diachronic questions and the history of tradition, and later took a more theological turn, eschewing diachronic analysis to focus exclusively on the final form of the text. This view, however, misunderstands the way Childs' appreciation of the final form was grounded in a certain kind of diachronic consideration, one which factored the reality of the theological source of the tradition into his appreciation of its nature. It was this that led to his later development of final-form interpretation. As such, Childs' later work as an interpreter of the canonical context is a natural extension of his earlier work as an interpreter of the development of that context. Yet these two dimensions—the "diachronic" and the "synchronic" (terms Childs hardly used)—remained intimately connected throughout his career. My thesis is that the real development in his thought involves less an abandonment of the uncertainties of speculative reconstructions in favour of the church's traditional and apparently more objective text than a growing appreciation of and confidence in talking about the ontological reality of God as a factor in the Bible's creation. This thesis can be illustrated by comparing the only two full-length scholarly commentaries written Childs, both of which roughly bracket his career. His first commentary on Exodus was written during 1970s before he had even coined the term "canonical approach," the second on Isaiah was written in 2002 towards the end of his life, at a time when the term "canonical" had started to become problematic for him. This paper will demonstrate that in both commentaries Childs worked with the same exegetical logic. The difference is that in the latter commentary Childs' relative decrease in confidence about the reliability or usefulness of diachronic reconstruction is accompanied by an increase in his confidence in using theo-ontological categories to describe the forces at work in the production of the text.


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On this date in...
1967: On DARK SHADOWS, Roger (Louis Edmonds) demanded Willie leave Collinwood immediately.
1970: On ANOTHER WORLD, Rachel (Robin Strasser) asked Lenore (Judith Barcroft) to draw a picture of Jamie that Russ could hang in his office.
1975: Writer/Producer (THE EDGE OF NIGHT, THE SECRET STORM) George Lowther died at age 62.
1980: On THE EDGE OF NIGHT, Raven (Sharon Gabet) got drunk at the disco.
|Nathan Fillion & Robin Strasser
1988: Leslie Schofield debuted as Brian Wicks in EASTENDERS.
1989: On DALLAS, Afton (Audrey Landers) told Cliff (Ken Kercheval) that he is not Pamela's father.
1994: Nathan Fillion debuted as Joey Buchanan on ONE LIFE TO LIVE.
1995: On ALL MY CHILDREN, Dimitri (Michael Nader) set up a romantic night for Erica (Susan Lucci).
1999: Actor Rory Calhoun died at age 76. He played Judson Tyler on CAPITOL.
2006: The 33rd Annual Daytime Emmy Awards were held in Hollywood for the first time. Rick Springfield performed and GENERAL HOSPITAL was named Outstanding Drama Series.
2008: BBC One premiered afternoon soap OUT OF THE BLUE. It only lasted one season.
Celebrating a birthday today are:
Ann-Margret (ex-Aunt Edie, ARMY WIVES) - 72
Pamela Murphy (ex-Marie, DALLAS; ex-Sandra, BRIGHT PROMISE; ex-Emily, SEARCH FOR TOMORROW; ex-Frannie, OUR PRIVATE WORLD; ex-Doris, GENERAL HOSPITAL) - 68
Charles Boswell (ex-Father Martin, GENERAL HOSPITAL) - 68
Mary McDonnell (ex-Claudia, AS THE WORLD TURNS) - 61
Nancy Lee Grahn (Alexis, GENERAL HOSPITAL; ex-Denise, MELROSE PLACE; ex-Julia, SANTA BARBARA; ex-Beverly, ONE LIFE TO LIVE)
Cassandra Gava (ex-Cruz, GENERAL HOSPITAL) - 54
Eric Morgan Stuart (ex-Chris, ANOTHER WORLD)
Kari Wuhrer (ex-Reese, GENERAL HOSPITAL) - 46
Kevin Jubinville (ex-The Shep, DEGRASSI: THE NEXT GENERATION) - 46
Jorge Garcia (The Giant, ONCE UPON A TIME; ex-Diego, ALCATRAZ; ex-Hurley, LOST) - 40
Elisabeth Röhm (ex-Dorothy, ONE LIFE TO LIVE) - 40
Jessica Alba (ex-Leanne, BEVERLY HILLS, 90210) - 32
Harry Shum Jr. (Mike, GLEE) - 31
Donna Feldman (ex-Gloria, FASHION HOUSE) - 31
Jenna Ushkowitz (Tina, GLEE) - 27
EDITOR'S NOTE: If you would like to submit a piece of soap opera history for this daily column, please email it to [email protected].

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Search Buddhist Channel
The Engaged Buddhism of Sulak Sivaraksa
BY MATTEO PISTONO, http://kyotojournal.org, March 2013
Sulak Sivaraksa turns 80 years of age on March 27, 2013
Bangkok, Thailand -- Prominent Buddhist writer and activist, Sulak Sivaraksa, changed his clothes to appear like other locals bartering and selling wares along the northern Thailand border. He pulled his hat low as he knew his face had been broadcast the previous three nights on national TV as a fugitive. Slipping a large bribe to a riverboat man to avoid the Thai border security check-post, Sulak made it across the Mekong River to Laos in a small canoe, undetected. In August 1991, he was a wanted man, on the run.
<< Photo by Hannah Sommer
An arrest warrant had been issued for Sulak following a speech at Thammasat University entitled "The Regression of Democracy in Siam." In response, he took refuge inside the German embassy in Bangkok. Police cars awaited Sulak outside the embassy gates, and plain-clothed officers were posted near his home where his worried wife stayed with their three children. After a two-week standoff at the embassy, Sulak indicated he would give himself up to the police to face strict charges of lèse majesté - which bans criticism of the King, royal family, and the Thai military - and brings with it a minimum 15-year prison sentence.
Instead of surrendering to police the next morning, Sulak made a surreptitious dash out an alleyway gate, ducked into a car and headed for the Thai-Lao border. Taking back roads and sleeping in safe houses and the jungle, Sulak listened to radio broadcasts calling him a rat and a criminal.
Throughout the Buddhist world there are practitioners whose spiritual path is one and the same with their work in politics. Indeed two of the most prominent global Buddhist leaders are the Dalai Lama and Thich Nhat Hanh, monks who are known for their life-long promotion of social justice and compassion in action. And recently, Aung Sang Suu Kyi's release from house arrest by the military junta and her election to parliament has placed this Burmese Buddhist at the center of the world political stage.
olitical strife in Tibet, Vietnam and Burma has pushed the Dalai Lama, Thich Nhat Hanh, and Aung Sang Suu Kyi into greater roles and responsibility than they otherwise might have had. And like these socially engaged Buddhists, Sulak Sivaraksa's political activism, community organizing, and work for marginalized people manifests from his Buddhist practice.
For his activism, writings, and speeches, Sulak has been exiled from Thailand on two occasions (1976-77 and 1991-94), jailed four times, and been accused repeatedly of defaming the Thai monarchy, but he has always won acquittals. Nobody has successfully silenced Sulak.
For the last 35 years, Sulak has traveled the world lecturing, writing, mentoring, participating in inter-religious dialogues, and founding organizations such as the International Network of Engaged Buddhists, with his friends the Dalai Lama, Thich Nhat Hanh, and the late Maha Gosananda as its patrons. All the while, he has published his own and others' books and articles; Sulak has more than 100 books in Thai and English in his name.
Sulak's worldwide prominence as a socially engaged Buddhist and advocate for the oppressed, and his national celebrity as a thorn-in-the-side of successive Thai governments and the monarchy, is an unlikely role because he was raised in a prosperous aristocratic family. From childhood, he was steeped in conservative royalism - believing the king to be infallible, and taught to be highly skeptical of progressive monks or promoters of democracy. His two years as a monk at a temple under royal patronage in the early 1940s reinforced the notion of the supreme benevolence of the monarchy and ruling elite. His parents sent him to study in Bangkok's prestigious Anglican and Catholic schools, and in the 1950s Sulak earned degrees in law and philosophy in England. Sulak was on the fast track to a senior government post or the comfortable life as an affluent Sino-Thai businessman.
But Sulak chose a different path than accumulating money or political clout. Judith Simmer-Brown has written, "Each of these paths held the power and prestige that were his birthright. Sulak made an unusual choice. He stepped outside the walls of his palace, he looked carefully, intimately, at the suffering, exploitation, and aggression that pervaded the world. And Sulak made a decision not to return to the palace of conventional power and prestige."
Sulak returned to Thailand in the early 1960s after five years of study in England. During his time abroad, the military had come to dominate nearly all aspects of government, academic and public life in Thailand. He found the intellectual landscape barren. Even though there were fledgling social reform movements, martial law reigned in Thailand throughout the 1960s. Backed by the United States, military generals used communism as a label to purge all forms of political dissent. Hundreds of artists, writers, journalists and editors were jailed without trail on the charge of being communist. "The dictatorship had created darkness," Sulak has written.
Still, in the 1960s, Sulak was a defender of the monarchy, an elitist, and one who believed that he knew what was best for Thai society. In 1963, Sulak founded and edited the Social Science Review—a journal that quickly became the most influential intellectual outlet in the country. The Review was instrumental in awakening student awareness that eventually led to the overthrow of the military regime in 1973.
A transformative meeting with the progressive Thai Prince Sitthiporn happened while Sulak was editor of the Review. During one of their meetings, the prince said, "Sulak, yes, this country needs an intellectual magazine. But don't let it become intellectual masturbation."
When Sulak asserted that he was helping his countrymen with his writings, recounting the intellectual history of Siam, the prince responded, "Do you know anything about farmers? They suffer and you know nothing about it!"
This encounter inspired Sulak from simply thinking about benefitting his brethren into actually doing something. It was his call to action. Sulak saw clearly how his arrogant, top-down approach was fundamentally flawed. He began to visit rural villages, temples, and the terraced rice fields to understand the actual conditions of the people. The farmers and workers he met taught Sulak a profound lesson, and one he reiterates to this day; that to address a suffering situation - be it poverty, war, or environmental disaster - one must go and be with the suffering itself, with the people who are affected.
During this time, Sulak opened the first alternative bookstore in Thailand called Suksit Siam (suksit means intellectual). Suksit Siam became a hub for cultural, Buddhist, and educational activities in Bangkok that promoted social reform and democracy, much to the distrustful eye of the military generals. Sulak also led gatherings and workshops in the Coffee House Council adjacent to the bookshop. Several leaders of the 1973 student uprising were part of Sulak's circle and the political philosophy of many leaders of today's political movements (known as the Red Shirts and Yellow Shirts) was honed at the workshops.
Sulak's transformation from an intellectual elite into a grassroots campaigner for social justice in the 1970s was shaped by what he learned from rural people, farmers, and students. He came to the firm belief that all aspects of society—including Buddhism, the monarchy, and government—must be open to criticism and debate.
At the time, and still today, such criticism in Thailand is grounds for imprisonment. It was against the backdrop of social and political unrest of the 1970s in Thailand, including the country being affected greatly by the war in Vietnam and the fall of Laos and Cambodia to communist control, that Sulak began his Buddhist activism. He launched dozens of foundations, charities, non-governmental organizations, and activist groups throughout the 1970-80s, which formed the bases upon which Thailand's robust network of non-governmental organizations currently exists. Sulak generated tangible results though his work on rural and urban community development, provided political voice to the poor and displaced, and he effectively challenged environmentally destructive pipelines and dams in northern Thailand.
The foundation for Sulak's activism is within the teachings of the Buddha. In A Buddhist Vision for Renewing Society, Sulak writes, "Buddhist practice inevitably entails a concern with social and political matters, and these receive a large share of attention in the teaching of the Buddha as it is represented in the Pali Canon. To attempt to understand Buddhism apart from its social dimension is mistaken."
He argues that Buddhists need to practice the Dharma in a manner that is relevant to today's socio-political context. Sulak is not advocating a new understanding of Buddhism but rather how individuals apply the Buddha's teachings to modern socio-economic and political dilemmas. Sulak has been greatly inspired in this regard by his discussions and work with Thich Nhat Hanh and the Dalai Lama, and the two most progressive and influential Thai monks of the 20th century, Arjan Buddhadasa and Bhikkhu P.A. Payutto. "Buddhism with a small "b" is what Sulak came to call this approach towards Buddhist practice.
Buddhism with a small "b"
In Sulak's most widely read book, Seeds of Peace, he presents small "b" Buddhism. He begins with the individual; encouraging practitioners to develop their character based upon the Buddha's teachings of mindfulness, tolerance, and interconnectedness. He believes this will naturally lead to the deeper understanding of how one's spiritual progress is related directly to the degree we work to relieve suffering within society. Progress along one's spiritual path and social reform, then, are inextricably linked, in Sulak's vision.
Coupled with the inner practice of small "b" Buddhism, that is, cultivating mindfulness, tolerance, and a deep realization of interconnectedness, Sulak also reinterprets the classic five precepts for the modern day, extending them beyond the individual to society at large. For example, regarding the first precept to abstain from harm, Sulak challenges the individual to understand that while they might not be killing outright, they must examine how their own actions might support wars, racial conflict, or the breeding of animals for human consumption.
<< Sulak, Maha Ghosananda, and the Dalai Lama
Considering the second precept of abstaining from stealing, Sulak questions the moral implications of capitalism, and of the depletion of natural resources. Stopping global structures of male dominance and the exploitation of women is a natural extension of one's third precept of abstaining from sexual misconduct. And vowing to abstain from false speech would naturally bring into question how mass media and mainstream education promotes a prejudiced and biased view of the world. Finally, Sulak believes the fifth precept to avoid intoxicants deals with nothing short of international peace and justice because, "the Third World farmers grow heroin, coca, coffee, and tobacco because the economic system makes it impossible for them to support themselves growing rice and vegetables."
While Sulak is known for his fiery speeches, he strikes a more analytical tone when he writes about this re-interpretation of the five precepts. "I do not attempt to answer these questions. I just want to raise them for us to contemplate."
For Sulak's 21st century articulation of the Buddha's teachings, the Dalai Lama has written, "I believe Sulak and I share a conviction that if we are to solve human problems, economic and technological development must be accompanied by an inner spiritual growth. And if we succeed in fulfilling both these goals, we will surely create a happier and more peaceful world."
Sulak's writings and activism for four decades in Thailand and around the world have led to his twice being nominated for the Noble Peace Prize (1993, 1994), and to receiving the Right Livelihood Award in 1995 "for his vision, activism and spiritual commitment in the quest for a development process that is rooted in democracy, justice and cultural integrity." In 2011, Sulak was honored with the Niwano Peace Prize.
Kalyanamitta - Spiritual friendship
Woven through all of Sulak's work is the spirit of kalyanamitta—a Pali term connoting spiritual friendship. Sulak's spiritual friendships have long been on display at his traditional teak home in the middle of Bangkok—itself a protest against the ills of rampant urbanization—where for many decades he has hosted an endless stream of students, activists, politicians and refugees from around the world. Sitting in the palm-leaf courtyard with bamboo chairs and mats circling him, Sulak is the center of activity; planning, envisioning, dreaming and executing his vision while fostering an open forum for appraising, criticizing, and analyzing each other's spiritual path. Sulak counts Quakers and Protestants as some of his dearest kalyanamitta.
In the Upaddha Sutta, the Buddha is said to have responded to Ananda when the disciple asked the master if spiritual friendship was half of the holy life. "Half of the holy life? Don't say that, Ananda," the Buddha responded. "Admirable friendship, admirable companionship, admirable camaraderie is actually the whole of the holy life. When a monk has admirable people as friends, companions, and comrades, he can be expected to develop and pursue the noble eightfold path."
Sulak summarizes his modern day interpretation of kalyanamitta in Buddhism and Development, as "a Good Friend would be one's 'other voice' of conscience, to put one on the proper path of development so that one would not escape from society nor would one want to improve society in order to claim it as one's own achievement."
Sulak recalls when he once saw a photograph of the Dalai Lama holding a bottle of Coca-Cola. On their next meeting in India, Sulak felt obliged—in the spirit of kalyanamitta —to tell the Tibetan leader about the suffering and environmental harm that is associated with a single can of the beverage.
Sulak has also felt compelled in recent years to question his friend Thich Nhat Hanh about charging money to attend teachings by the Vietnamese monk, and suggesting that the Plum Village retreat center in France might only attract the rich and not be available to poor people. Thich Nhat Hanh assured Sulak that there is never a charge for his Dharma talks, and that nobody is excluded. Sulak also suggested to Thich Nhat Hanh that he is disconnected from those outside his inner circle, and, that there might be too many layers between the monk and his disciples, "that there is only a monologue and no dialogue with your students."
"A good friend tells you what you don't want to hear. We don't have to agree but I want to express my concern," Sulak told Thich Nhat Hanh last year in Bangkok.
"You see, it is so difficult even to meet with you," Sulak said. "You are surrounded by so many people, like guards; and you don't even know…Perhaps those people around you won't criticize or tell you these types of things, but I will because we are friends for so many years."
Thich Nhat Hanh's reply, perhaps his own soft-spoken critique of Sulak, was that Sulak should be better equipped with all the information before openly criticizing him, or anyone else. Indeed the two elder Buddhist activists' kalyanamitta goes back decades to when they collaborated to smuggle rice into Vietnam in the early 1970s, to Sulak staying in Thich Nhat Hanh's small apartment in Paris in 1976 when the they were both in exile, to Sulak first publishing a meditation manual for activists which would later become the monk's best selling book, Miracle of Mindfulness. Sulak's daily meditation practice is indebted to Thich Nhat Hanh's personal instructions. Thich Nhat Hanh has said of his friend, "Sulak Sivaraksa is a bodhisattva who devotes all of his energies to helping others."
Sulak reserves his most pointed criticism for his fellow Buddhists and decries extravagant rituals and those concerned with titles and shallow ceremony. He warns against institutionalized elements of Buddhism that offer little spirituality but rather perpetuate patriarchal hierarchies, myth, superstition, and insincere rituals - what Sulak calls Buddhism with a capital "B". Whether it is government-backed clergy or simply large Buddhist organizations, Sulak sees the seeds of chauvinism, prejudice, and nationalism being sown when the Buddhist teachings are used by individuals and groups to advance a politically-motivated agenda.
Sulak's version of kalyanamitta offers, and inspires, loyalty among those with whom he works; though Sulak's closest colleagues are not spared his sharp appraisals. Roshi Joan Halifax has written, "Sulak is a lion. His great roar awakens the social activist to their real vocation." However, on numerous occasions, that roar has been too much and those within Sulak's inner circle have parted ways. "I support Sulak in his work; but will do so from afar. I would never work for him," is a refrain of numerous prominent Buddhist activists in Thailand.
Sulak admits he has a sizeable ego, and encourages his kalyanamitta to point it out if he is not walking his talk. Sulak hears regularly from these friends about his limitations—his temper, impatience, high-handedness, and fondness for red wine. Even those who are quick to point out Sulak's apparent failings admit that he can criticize himself just as quickly as he points out shortcomings in others.
Sulak's activism has transformed in the last decade. In previous years he often focused on defined issues or country-specific problems. Now he struggles against globalization and what he sees as structural violence. Structural violence, Sulak writes in his most recent books, The Wisdom of Sustainability, is the "systematic ways [that] a society's resources are distributed unequally and unfairly, preventing people from meeting their basic needs."
To understand how these structures of suffering are perpetuated, Sulak returns to the fundamental Buddhist teaching which asserts every individual has within them seeds of greed, hatred, and delusion—the three poisons. These three poisons are at the root of our suffering. Through the practice of meditation and contemplation, the poisons can be rooted out completely and transformed into generosity, loving-kindness, and wisdom. While this is the classic Buddhist presentation, Sulak extends these from the individual to world, socio-economic system and asserts that the three poisons are used immorally by the rich and powerful.
Sulak explains that personal greed manifests in society as the insatiable desire for accumulation, an ever expanding "possessiveness"—in other words, capitalism, consumerism and natural resources extraction that ignores the limits of the environment. Secondly, he sees individuals' seeds of hatred manifest in the world as militarism. Thirdly, Sulak's harshest critique is reserved for what he sees as the peddlers of delusion—advertisers and the main stream media—which he argues promotes useless products and unwholesome ideas which lead people away from a meaningful life of contentedness and towards poverty and a sense of separation.
Some have called Sulak's provocative and scathing critiques of capitalism and the media prophetic while others think he is an aging idealist. Still, when global economics is seen as the only future, Sulak explains, the market place replaces traditional morals and ethics; refusing to accept this rationale is taken as a sign of weakness, naivety, and inferiority. Sulak disagrees that the world today is at the highest mark of human development, because this often unspoken sentiment prevents the peoples of the world from pursing other aspirations and from thinking about alternative ways to improve or maintain their livelihood and traditions.
Now eighty years old, when Sulak speaks about globalization, one senses a profound sadness for his home country, and for the world.
"The diverse ways of life worldwide increasingly dance to the same tune of consumer culture, which insists that ultimate happiness can be achieved by the never-ending consumption of goods and services," Sulak says. "This oppressive environment is like a tightening noose that will squeeze the life out of meaningful freedom, democracy, and human rights."
"I only play a small part because ultimately people have to empower themselves. Perhaps I can help them by reminding…I don't have the ability or networking to destroy consumerism globalization, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, or the International Monetary Fund. But if these things don't change to serve the people, they will destroy themselves. They have no moral legitimacy but only greed to drive them, and this will be their downfall. Meanwhile, I hope that the small people, with alternatives, can survive.
Walking cane in hand and donning traditional Siamese dress, in Sulak's continuous worldwide travels, he encourages people, especially the young who are indoctrinated by capitalist triumphalism and consumerism, to look at the lives of the spiritual leaders and saints in their own tradition for guidance.
"I am from a Buddhist country, and the Buddha, like so many wise men of the past in other cultures, cultivated two important qualities that were the foundation for spiritual illumination—simplicity and humility."
"When we begin to develop simplicity in our life, and humility towards others and the environment, we begin to break free of that oppressive net. Perhaps more importantly, when we cultivate mindful-awareness alongside simplicity and humility, we can liberate ourselves completely from our own anger, greed, and delusion. Through this personal transformation, we begin to see the interconnectedness between each other and the environment around us. With this insight, we will begin to find the wisdom in caring for each other, how not to abuse the earth's resources, and find respect for other cultures, traditions, and beliefs."
Can individuals make a difference? Are we to reject capitalism? How can we stop a war? Where do we start to dismantle structural violence and bring about a more equitable society?
Sulak begins to answer these questions by stressing individual responsibility and the cultivation of mindfulness through meditation. On this note, Sulak tends to be optimistic believing that individuals do have the possibility to alter humanity's current course.
"Restructuring political and economic institutions cannot, in themselves, bring about liberation. Personal transformation is the starting place. Peace can prevail in a society only when individuals in that society are at peace. When greed, hatred and ignorance govern our personal affairs, they will also be present in our society's institutions, preventing lasting social change. Real security depends on working on ourselves."
Matteo Pistono is a writer, practitioner of Tibetan Buddhism, and author of In the Shadow of the Buddha: Secret Journeys, Sacred Histories, and Spiritual Discovery in Tibet. Pistono's writings and photographs about Tibetan and Himalayan cultural, political and spiritual landscapes have appeared in the Washington Post, BBC's In-Pictures, Men's Journal, Kyoto Journal, and HIMAL South Asia. He is the founder of Nekorpa, a foundation working to protect sacred pilgrimage sites around the world, and he sits on the executive council of the International Network of Engaged Buddhists, Rigpa Fellowship, and the Conservancy for Tibetan Art and Culture.
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Yale University
Lecturer at Brown University
Bil has over 25 years of experience as a public school teacher. Before his current role as a teacher at the Urban Assembly School in NYC, Bil was a senior lecturer at Brown University.
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Yale University
Lecturer at Brown University
Bil has over 25 years of experience as a public school teacher. Before his current role as a teacher at the Urban Assembly School in NYC, Bil was a senior lecturer at Brown University.
We're continuing our look at the US presidency. And I mentioned in a previous episode, people who define presidency; George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe and Andrew Jackson. Now we're going to look at four more presidents, who I think refine the leadership and the definition of presidency. We'll look at Abraham Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
Let's start with Abe Lincoln. Many historians, you probably already know them, many historians consider Lincoln as the greatest president. Well Lincoln and Washington tied for first. Washington of course because he started the country and did an incredible job. But Lincoln was faced with probably the greatest crisis ever in the history of the United States, and that was the civil war. And somehow, some way, Lincoln did it. He didn't let the south succeed. He didn't let the south leave the union. The south said, "No, we want to be a confederation," and again the terms federation and confederation. "We want to be a loose alliance of states that have slavery by the way. And we don't want to be part of the federal union we're leaving."
And basically Lincoln says, "No you're not," and he uses the power of the federal government. It's his leadership in a number of areas that really keeps the union together. It's his use of the resources at hand, it's asserting the presidency when he feels like he has to, and the miraculous thing is he does keep the union together, and that's far and away the great accomplishment of his administration obviously.
In the process he frees the slaves. The Emancipation Proclamation.
Of course when it was issued, it only freed the slaves in the states in rebellion, because there were couple of boarder states like Verland, and I think Kentucky, which were fighting for the north but had slaves. And so Lincoln didn't really free the slaves there. But once the war was over, slaves were freed. And the psychological impact of The Emancipation Proclamation at the beginning of 1863, is that the slaves are freed. And it gives a huge moral importance to the war. It really provides northerners with a feeling like it's not just keeping the union together, we're fighting to free human beings.
Even though there was still a lot of controversy about where those human beings were in relation to each other. And Lincoln of course was accused of that too at times. But we can't down play The Emancipation Proclamation, it's a brilliant stroke by Lincoln.
His incredible persistence to find the right generals. I really recommend and I'll put this in the bonus materials that you read Lincoln letters to his generals. This guy didn't miss a detail. It's amazing. This war is going on and he has a string of horrible generals. The south far away had the best generals, starting with Robert E. Lee, who Lincoln offered the head of the union army too. And Lee being a Virginian said, "No I've got to go fight for the south." And Lincoln just works his way through his generals till he gets Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman. He gets the generals who will win the war. But he's not afraid to fire people, and to persevere to get the right leaders.
So really the assertion of that kind of a leadership is very important and not backing down. He's incredibly courageous in a number of ways, I think. He also manages to keep Great Britain out of the war. If Great Britain comes in on the side of the south, economically especially, there's a good chance that the south will be able to succeed.
Lincoln manages diplomatically to keep Great Britain out. There is also a whole side of Lincoln's presidency that often goes overlooked, and that's the legislative side. The Homestead Act which increases settlement and increases northern territories is passed. The Morrill land grant act which starts all these land grant agricultural colleges. A lot of our State universities today really were started under the moral act from Lincoln's administration. And the transcontinental railroad bill is all passed while Lincoln is running the war. It's amazing. He's got this incredible crisis he's faced with everyday of course.
I mean if you look at pictures of Lincoln from the beginning of his administration like this one, to the end where he's really worn and haggard, you can see the toll it took on him. His feeling about the loss of life and you see that in the eloquence of his speeches; the Gettysburg address, the Second Inaugural address. Those will be in the bonus materials, because his eloquence, his writing is brilliant. And Lincoln really takes the presidency and elevates it. He takes with Washington, Jefferson, Monroe and Jackson to find and he elevates it to a more refined level of leadership, a more refined level of eloquence really.
The next person that we need to really look at, I think is Teddy Roosevelt. Between Lincoln and Roosevelt, you have got some interesting presidents, but nobody who really has an impact on a country and the world, the way these other presidents have heard. And Teddy Roosevelt, he's a ball of fire. He's the youngest man to take over the presidency when William McHenry is assassinated in 1901. Teddy Roosevelt is 42 years old. So he's the youngest president ever. John Kennedy is the youngest elected president, but Teddy Roosevelt is the youngest president. 42 years old may seem old to you because you're in high school, but 42 years old is really pretty young to be president of the United States.
And in 1901, the beginning of the 20th century, the beginning of the emergence of United States as a world power, and here's Teddy. Having written up a San Juan hill in the Spanish-American war with his rough riders, he's this real action oriented guy. He's a republican, but he's a progressive republican. And progressive means, he wants to see change. He wants businesses brought under control. He doesn't like the monopolies. He becomes known as a trust buster. The monopolies were called trusts. And Teddy Roosevelt starts to take them apart with legislation. The pure food and drug act, the meat inspection act, all kinds of child labor laws. Roosevelt his square deal as he calls it, is really a blow for progressive legislation and progressive thinking. And it really stands up for the common man and the working class people. The wages and hours, minimum wage laws, things like that start to be passed under Roosevelt.
He also is a real leader in the conservation movement. He sets aside more property for national parks than any president prior to him. And also really, he was probably the first "green" president we had.
In foreign policy too Roosevelt, I mean he's all over the place. He's just a dynamo and it's really a fun presidency. And if you're ever in New York city, go to Central Park, West to the Museum of National History and Central park West, there is just a great stature of Teddy Roosevelt, because he helped found the museum of National History. And he's on a horse and he's got his head up. And it just typifies the energy. He of course had been governor of New York for a while, and he was a native New Yorker.
But in foreign policy, Roosevelt had to fairly speak softly but carry a big stick. He believed in showing off our power without having to engage in conflict and he did that. He sends the great white fleet around the world to show America's might, its new steel navy. He negotiates a truce between Russian and Japan. There's a ruse of Japanese war.
In 1907, he negotiates that truce and wins the Nobel peace price. And of course if you know a palindrome. A palindrome is a series of words that forward and backwards spell the same thing. And the palindrome about Roosevelt is a man, a plan, a canal, Panama. And if you write that down, a man, a plan, a canal, Panama, forward and backwards it says the same thing. But it's talking about the canal, the Panama Canal which connects the Atlantic and the Pacific. And Teddy Roosevelt oversees the construction of the Panama Canal and unites the Atlantic ocean and the Pacific ocean, so people don't have to sail around South America. It's an incredible administration and he's a pretty incredible guy.
He's followed by Woodrow Wilson. And he actually helps get Woodrow Wilson elected. Roosevelt follows the precedent of George Washington of serving only two terms. He leaves office in 1909 and lets his vice president William Howard Taft to have to take over. He's not pleased with Taft's administration. He doesn't feel it's as progressive as it should be. And Roosevelt in 1912 runs against Taft, his former vice president and Woodrow Wilson who runs for the Democrats, the governor of New Jersey. And Teddy runs under the Bull Moose party ticket. And he probably leads to Wilson being elected.
And the thing about this is it's kind of interesting because Wilson is equally a progressive to Roosevelt in many ways. He's certainly equally affected as a trust buster. There is an array of legislation that's passed, that continues to break down monopolies and promote working class people. He organizes the Federal Reserve bank which we still use. If you look at any money that's in your pocket, it says federal reserve note. There is a series of federal reserve banks around the country. So the federal bank gets a re-organisation that really helps organize it better.
He keeps us out of war as long as he can. And it's kind of he kept us out, then he got us in. But he gets us into World War I, in time to really help the allied forces win the war. And then, his 14-point plan and creation of the League of Nations after World War I, is really a brilliant piece of diplomacy. And it wins the Nobel peace prize for him. So here we've got two presidents who win the Nobel peace prize, pretty impressive and pretty impressive guys. And really once again, refining that presidency, now taking it out on the international stage, and winning the Nobel peace prize.
Finally, Franklin Roosevelt. I'm just going just to say two things. The Great Depression and World War II. Either one of those is going to be a handful for any president. Franklin Roosevelt has to deal with both of those things during his presidency. And this is a man who was stricken with polio when he was a boy. He of course has to get around on clutches and in a wheelchair, and people don't know that in this day and age of radio. But he comes into office in 1933, and the country is mired in depression. We're just as low as low as can be economically. 25% of the people in the country are unemployed. And Roosevelt starts by declaring a bank holiday. People lost faith in the banks of the country. And he says the banks are going to be closed for 24 hours and when they open again, they are going to be fine, the Federal government is going to go into every bank in the country.
Now of course they really didn't really do that, but psychologically it's a very important move. And Roosevelt is a genius of psychology with the American people. His fire side chats, he goes on the radio regularly and he talks to the American people, and there are pod-casts. I'll put these websites up so you can go and listen to Franklin Roosevelt, and his fire side chats. As he talks to the American people about having nothing to fear, but fear itself and pulling ourselves up by our bootstraps and getting out of this depression.
Of course he gets us out of depression, well World War II really gets us out of this depression. But Roosevelt at least gets the country feeling like it's up and moving. And his Alphabet soup agencies, the AAA, the Agricultural Adjustment Act, the WPA, the Works Progress Administration, the PWA, the Public Works Administration, starts to employ people all over the place. And there is probably something in your town that the WPA built or the PWA built. His three R's, Relief Recovery Reform introduced things like social security, something that we still have, so that people won't be destitute in their old age. So social security which is a relief measure, but a long term reform measure. And it certainly adds to the recovery of the country. The Tennessee Valley Authority which provides hydroelectric power to the entire Tennessee Valley area which is a series of about a half a dozen states openly. It still exists, it still goes on.
So getting the country together again, during the depression leads to Roosevelt not just getting re-elected in 1936, but in 1940. And he becomes the first president to serve a third term. He's elected in 1940, takes office in March of 1941 and the next thing you know of course, December 7th, 1941 the Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor.
Now Europe had already been involved in World War II since September 1st, 1939. And we had been helping the British as their ally and certainly trying to help their war effort. But it was very clear. Germany was really gaining in Europe. And now, the Japanese entered the war, they were Germany's ally in the Pacific side of the world and they bombed Pearl Harbor, the US naval base in Hawaii.
This of course leads us into World War II and once again, Roosevelt in amazing fashion, rallies the American people. He buys enough time and mobilises the country. And this really gets us out of the depression big time because all of a sudden, everybody is working in navy yards and aircraft factories, the East Coast, the West Coast.
He, like Lincoln, before him, he finds the rights generals. He manages to find that Douglas Macarthur, Dwight Eisenhower. He's just a brilliant leader. He negotiates with Stallone and Churchill. He really throughout the war seems to make the right move in almost every direction. Obviously, the executive order that rums up the Japanese people, and the German Americans who were then sent to camps, for the duration of war, is really a hideous thing, and something that we have to look at as a black mark on Roosevelt's administration. But beyond that, he was faced with this enormous crisis.
The key thing he does early on in World War II, and is even in negotiation about this before the war in some ways, is the Manhattan project. The development of the atomic bomb. And there is a real race here between the Germans and the United States in creating that atomic bomb, which of course ends the war. We dropped it on Japan August 6th, 1945 ending the war. Roosevelt was not around for that decision. He is re-elected for a 4th term in 1944 incredibly. But he really only serves one month of that term. And in April 1945, he dies of a cerebral hemorrhage and his vice president Harry Truman from Missouri, takes over. And Truman ultimately orders the dropping of the bomb.
So what we've seen here our four presidents, Franklin Roosevelt faced with the great depression and World War II. Woodrow Wilson, Woodrow won but also trust busting progressive legislation, the 14-point plan winning the Nobel prize. Teddy Roosevelt I can't begin to repeat all the things he did with domestic policy and foreign policy, also a Nobel prize winner.
And of course Abraham Lincoln who keeps the country as a union. These four presidents really refine the presidency. They elevated to another level that it's fairly hard to live up to. And I don't think quite honestly we've seen anybody since Franklin Roosevelt, kind of achieve those heights.
So for your ideas and actions in this episode, I've got some questions for you to reflect on. How would Lincoln, Teddy Roosevelt, Wilson and FDR fair today in this world of 24/7 cable and internet coverage? Really we think about FDR with his polio, his crutches, his wheelchair, he wouldn't be able to hide it the way he could in those days. The other thing to think about is, were these guys, these presidents of this time were they lucky or were they exceptional leaders? Did they just happen to be at the right place at the right time, or did they make the decisions? Were they assertive in the right ways?
And finally, the big question is kind of a cliché question, but it's definitely one to think about. It's do the times make the man, or do the man makes the times? Was FDR the person who really shaped what the United States became during The Great Depression or was it The Great Depression that made FDR rise to that challenge?
There are things certainly we can look at, FDR's WPA, the Works Project Administration was able to create incredible monuments like this, this bridge where he employed thousands of people. Will any of our presidents today leave a monument like this behind? Do they have the where with all the assertiveness the leadership capability to do that?
So as a history detective, those are the kinds of questions you need to be asking. Not just to prime yourself for AP US history testn but to be a really active, involved engaged thinking citizen. And of course all the while, you want to be having some fun with history.
Just to wrap this up I want you to think like historians, to put yourself in the shoes of a historian and you determine were these four great presidents or not. Obviously I've got my opinion, I've laid it out there for you. I think you've got to pay attention to these presidents. I'm sure they're going to come up on the AP US history test more than once because their administrations were incredibly active. And there was a great deal going on. But, you have to make the choice. And the key thing is, what's the evidence? How are you going to prove whether you think they're exceptional presidents or not. Maybe you don't think so, but what's your evidence? You've got to show that to me. And to me that's like the document based question, finding that evidence, being a history detective, is really where it's all about. And it's really about having fun with history.
So the next episode we'll look at some presidents who could have probably been considered great presidents, but somehow made some bad decisions along the way. So while I get ready to show you that, and set that one up, you go out there and check out Lincoln, Roosevelt, Wilson, the other Roosevelt. Are they great presidents or not? Go do some research and have some fun with history.


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by David Crane defrev at gmail dot com All photographic images contained in this article were taken by DefenseReview.com, and they are the exclusive property of DefenseReview.com. DefenseReview.com owns the copyright on these photos. All photos were shot with a 7.2-megapixel Sony Cyber-shot digital camera (Model #: DSC-P150). February 21, 2008 Ashbury International Group Inc. (AIG) had an interesting .338 …Read More »
Tag Archives: hecate
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Billionaire Undaunted
by J.S. Scott
Series: The Billionaire's Obsession, #9
Genre: Contemporary Romance
Release Date: June 7, 2016
Join the Release Party!
My name is Ellie Winters, and I'm one of those unfortunate women you hear about on the news—but you never think my fate will ever happen to you. Not that I blame you for believing that. Honestly, I thought the same thing, until I became a statistic, a missing person who was assumed dead. Wrong place, wrong time.
Except…I'm not dead. Not yet. I was kidnapped, shackled, beaten, and deprived of the basic necessities, and pretty much left to find a slow, painful demise. I'm hanging on, but just barely. I'm not even sure what I'm waiting for since there's no hope for me, nobody waiting for me. I had finally given up, resigned myself to my inevitable death…when the one man who could make me want to live again finds me more dead than alive. After so many months in captivity, I'm lost, hopelessly damaged. Is it even possible for me to come out of the darkness and into the light again?
Zane Colter challenges me to live again, laugh again, live my life again. But I'm not sure if I'll ever be the same woman I was before I was held captive by a madman. Yet, he doesn't give up, and I couldn't ignore the white-hot passion that sizzled between the two of us.
He's everything I've ever wanted, everything I've always needed.
Tender--but stubborn.
Logical--but understanding.
Sweet--but hot, demanding and possessive.
As we fall into each other, both hungry for a passion we've never known, I wonder if I can be what Zane needs when I'm struggling to find myself again.
And when I'm finally healed, I'll have a choice to make: Do I try to hang onto him forever, or will letting go be my only option?...
Disclaimer: This book is not suitable for children and young teens. 18+ only.


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|Safe Haskell
This module is for instantiating cryptographicly strong
determinitic random bit generators (DRBGs, aka PRNGs) For the simple
use case of using the system random number generator
Entropy) to seed the DRBG:
g <- newGenIO
Users needing to provide their own entropy can call
newGen directly
entropy <- getEntropy nrBytes let generator = newGen entropy
- class CryptoRandomGen g where
- newGen :: ByteString -> Either GenError g
- genSeedLength :: Tagged g ByteLength
- genBytes :: ByteLength -> g -> Either GenError (ByteString, g)
- reseedInfo :: g -> ReseedInfo
- reseedPeriod :: g -> ReseedInfo
- genBytesWithEntropy :: ByteLength -> ByteString -> g -> Either GenError (ByteString, g)
- reseed :: ByteString -> g -> Either GenError g
- newGenIO :: IO g
- data GenError
- data ReseedInfo
- splitGen :: CryptoRandomGen g => g -> Either GenError (g, g)
- throwLeft :: Exception e => Either e a -> a
- data SystemRandom
Basic Interface
class CryptoRandomGen g where Source
A class of random bit generators that allows for the possibility of failure, reseeding, providing entropy at the same time as requesting bytes
Minimum complete definition:
newGen :: ByteString -> Either GenError g Source
Instantiate a new random bit generator. The provided
bytestring should be of length >= genSeedLength. If the
bytestring is shorter then the call may fail (suggested
NotEnoughEntropy). If the bytestring is of
sufficent length the call should always succeed.
genSeedLength :: Tagged g ByteLength Source
Length of input entropy necessary to instantiate or reseed a generator
genBytes :: ByteLength -> g -> Either GenError (ByteString, g) Source
genBytes len g generates a random ByteString of length
len and new generator. The MonadCryptoRandom package
has routines useful for converting the ByteString to
commonly needed values (but "cereal" or other
deserialization libraries would also work).
This routine can fail if the generator has gone too long
without a reseed (usually this is in the ball-park of 2^48
requests). Suggested error in this cases is
reseedInfo :: g -> ReseedInfo Source
Indicates how soon a reseed is needed
reseedPeriod :: g -> ReseedInfo Source
Indicates the period between reseeds (constant for most generators).
genBytesWithEntropy :: ByteLength -> ByteString -> g -> Either GenError (ByteString, g) Source
genBytesWithEntropy g i entropy generates
i random
bytes and use the additional input
entropy in the
generation of the requested data to increase the confidence
our generated data is a secure random stream.
Some generators use
entropy to perturb the state of the
generator, meaning:
(_,g2') <- genBytesWithEntropy len g1 ent (_,g2 ) <- genBytes len g1 g2 /= g2'
But this is not required.
genBytesWithEntropy g bytes entropy = xor entropy (genBytes g bytes)
reseed :: ByteString -> g -> Either GenError g Source
If the generator has produced too many random bytes on its
existing seed it will return
NeedReseed. In that case,
reseed the generator using this function and a new
high-entropy seed of length >=
genSeedLength. Using
bytestrings that are too short can result in an error
By default this uses System.Entropy to obtain
entropy for
Generator failures should always return the appropriate GenError.
GenError in an instance of exception but wether or not an
exception is thrown depends on if the selected generator (read:
if you don't want execptions from code that uses
throw then
pass in a generator that never has an error for the used functions)
|GenErrorOther String
Requested more bytes than a single pass can generate (The maximum request is generator dependent)
When using
Some generators cease operation after too high a count without a reseed (ex: NIST SP 800-90)
For instantiating new generators (or reseeding)
This generator can not be
instantiated or reseeded with a
finite seed (ex:
data ReseedInfo Source
|InXBytes !Word64
Generator needs reseeded in X bytes
|InXCalls !Word64
Generator needs reseeded in X calls
The bound is over 2^64 bytes or calls
This generator never reseeds (ex:
Helper functions and expanded interface
splitGen :: CryptoRandomGen g => g -> Either GenError (g, g) Source
While the safety and wisdom of a splitting function depends on the
properties of the generator being split, several arguments from
informed people indicate such a function is safe for NIST SP 800-90
generators. (see firstname.lastname@example.com discussion around Sept, Oct
2010). You can find implementations of such generators in the
throwLeft :: Exception e => Either e a -> a Source
Useful utility to extract the result of a generator operation and translate error results to exceptions.
data SystemRandom Source
Not that it is technically correct as an instance of
CryptoRandomGen, but simply because it's a reasonable engineering
choice here is a CryptoRandomGen which streams the system
randoms. Take note:


text:
The more I hack on libgpod, the more I realize that having iPod models from various generations would be really helpful. When implementing support for setting the iPod time, for parsing the iPod timezone, for figuring out which information is useful in SysInfoExtended, ... I always end up running after people with various iPod models to make sure the code works as expected both on new and old iPods.
I'm sure some of you have old iPods they no longer use hidden somewhere in their room, if you are in this situation, a donation would be really welcome and helpful :) Even iPods with dead batteries or broken screens might be useful.
And while I'm at it, it would also really really help if I could get my hands on an old iPod touch or iPhone. Because this is where most of the work is to be done today, and without one such device, I cannot test thoroughly and get into shape stuff like that.
So if you're feeling generous today and want to help support iPods on linux, drop me an email or leave a comment below!
dimanche 26 juillet 2009
Inscription à : Articles (Atom)


text:
Crab Spider, every year you will see them on the butterfly bushes, they go down inside the blossoms if disturbed.
Jumping spiders are one of the easiest spiders to photograph, sometimes they will jump on to the camera.
Jumping spider Vancouver Island.
Jumping spiders are common on sides of houses.
Crab Spiders are ambush hunters they wait for the prey to land in front of them.
Garden spiders start out small but by the fall there big.
Crab spiders can change there coloring a bit but this one really stands out on the Purple Cone Flower.
This spider wasn't having any luck, she might try somewhere else tomorrow.
This is a female Crab Spider, the males are a lot smaller.
Crab spider
Crab spiders are vary patient, once you know where they are you usually can come back the next day and find it again.
Goldenrod Crab Spider caught a bee.
I was taking a picture of this Pine White butterfly when it started acting strange, the Crab Spider had it and with it it powerful venom it was over in seconds.
Crab Spider gets a Pine White butterfly.
Crab Spider blending in with matching colors.
Crab Spider gets a butterfly
Spider spinneret.
Spider molt.
Jumping Spider.
You can see how small this jumper is compared to the pen, this one was on my computer desk.


text:
• hellzapoppin •
hel-zê-pah-pin • Hear it!
Part of Speech: Adjective
Meaning: 1. Chaotic, clamorous, action-packed, powerfully exciting, swashbuckling. 2. Flashy, ostentatious, flamboyant, resplendent, excessively jazzy.
Notes: Due to the unusual origin of this word and the rarity of its use, this word has had neither the time nor inclination to propagate. It was made popular by the 1938 musical review Hellzapoppin' starring the then famous comedy team of Ole Olsen and Chic Johnson. In 1941 it was immortalized in a movie. Which reminds me—if you wish, you may add an apostrophe to the end of this word: hellzapoppin'.
In Play: The original sense of hellzapoppin runs the gamut from "highly exciting" to "chaotic": "Ally Katz was arrested for starting a hellzapoppin brawl at the hair-dressers Saturday afternoon." It can also mean "strikingly flashy": "Did you see that hellzapoppin outfit that Maude Lynn Dresser wore to the party? I couldn't believe my eyes."
Word History: Today's Good Word is so outlandish it could only have come from the US. As mentioned in the Notes, it arose sometime in the 1930s. It was originally the phrase hell is (a)popping, which meant "events are evolving in a chaotic manner". This phrase is remindful of the phrase, currently used far more often than today's word, all hell breaks loose. Hell shares a source with hole and holster. Hold in the sense of a ship's hold originates from the same Proto-Indo-European word that oddly seems to have meant "cover". Pop is onomatopoetic, of imitative origin.
P.S. - Register for the Daily Good Word E-Mail! - You can get our daily Good Word sent directly to you via e-mail in either HTML or Text format. Go to our Registration Page to sign up today!
Come visit our website at <http://www.alphadictionary.com> for more Good Words and other language resources!


text:
Papers in order of date published LATEST to EARLIEST:
17) Facebook's Project Aria indicates problems for responsible innovation when broadly deploying AR and other pervasive technology in the Commons
In this paper, we examine the ethical implications of Facebook's Project Aria research pilot through the perspectives of Responsible Innovation, comparing both existing understandings of Responsible Research and Innovation and Facebook's own Responsible Innovation Principles; we contextualise Project Aria within the Commons through applying current social multi-dimensional communications theory to understand the extensive socio-technological implications of Project Aria within society and culture; and we address the potentially serious consequences of the Facebook Project Aria experiment, inspiring countless other companies to shift their focus to compete with Project Aria, or beat it to the consumer marketplace.
Journal of Responsible Technology, Vol. 5 Date: May 2021
16) Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: Stock or Custom?
The development of Autonomous Vehicles has neglected to include a discussion of culture, both the culture in which Autonomous Vehicles are developed, as well as the culture that Autonomous Vehicles will be deployed within. I examine the necessity of considering culture in Autonomous Vehicles and whether it will be a stock, standard model, or customized for various global cultures.
Pre-Pub Draft of IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 6, Issue 3, Date: July 2017 (06/14/2017), pp. 108-110
15) Exploring Cooperation with Social Machines
From a messaging structure that is complex, multiplexed and much of the time asynchronous, conditions emerge that disrupt symmetry of information exchange. People thus encounter circumstances that seem unpredictable given the information available to them, resulting in limited or failed cooperation and consequent quality of outcomes. We explore the role of Social Machines to support, change, and enhance human cooperation within a blended reality context.
The 4th International Workshop on the Theory and Practice of Social Machines (SOCM 2016) Observing social machines on the Web. April 11, 2016, Montreal, Canada
14) Cooperating with Algorithms in the Workplace
Cooperation is disrupted when people are bound by scripts, processes and algorithms that are inflexible and restrict their agency to solve problems and complete tasks. We suggest increasing trust in humans as a management strategy to foster cooperation with analog and digital algorithms, and productions in the workplace.
The 19th ACM conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW). February 27–March 2, 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA Workshop on "Algorithms at Work"
13) New Technologies and Mixed-Use Convergence: How Humans and Algorithms are Adapting to Each Other
We examine the current state of 'mixed-use' new technologies integration with legacy systems, and whether the human assistance required to complete tasks and processes could function as a training ground for future smart systems, or whether increasing 'co-dependence with' or 'training of' algorithmic systems, enhancing task completion and inadvertently educating systems in human behaviour and intelligence, will simply subsume people into the algorithmic landscape.
21st IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 2015), Dublin, Ireland, November 11–12, 2015
12) Extending Driver-Vehicle Interface Research Into the Mobile Device Commons: Transitioning to (nondriving) passengers and their vehicles
When humans, as passengers in semiautomated or automated vehicles, are no longer directly responsible for human-human/interpersonal communication and negotiation, new interactive paradigms must be considered and designed to protect people in manually controlled cars and VRUs within shared road space. Thus, automotive user interface research must also formally extend outward to include intervehicular interaction rather than being limited to the mainly intravehicular environment, as is the present case. In this article, we will examine broader issues of user interface (UI) consistency in vehicular contexts and present recommendations for future automotive UI research.
IEEE CES Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 4, Date: Oct. 2015 (10/2015), pp. 101-106
At the moment, AR is based on fixed navigational pathways and single narratives without regard for broader context or history. We encourage UE development for AR to provide environments for sociability, shared stories, and shared experiences.
IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 2, Date: April 2015
10) Resolving Multiplexed Automotive Communications: Applied Agency and the Social Car
In this article, we explore the impact of discontinuities within PoSR as we examine the next layer of integration of the automobile as a communications device in society. In particular, we explore the need to develop software for the social automobile that encapsulates a concept of agency on the part of drivers and other automobiles.
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 34, Issue 1, Date: spring 2015
9) Cooperation Between Humans and Robots: Applied Agency in Autonomous Processes
Rather than inserting robots into environments simply to complete pre-programmed tasks, we suggest that robots will function most successfully as cooperative partners with humans in environments where they are required. We examine Rethink Robotics' Baxter robot as an excellent example of a cooperative robot.
10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. Workshop on The Emerging Policy and Ethics of Human Robot Interaction, Mar 2, 2015, Portland, OR, USA
8) Asynchronous Adaptations to Complex Social Interactions
In this article we explore how multiplexed networked individuated communications are creating new contexts for human behavior within communities, particularly noting the shift from synchronous to asynchronous communication as an adaptation.
IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, Vol. 32, Issue 4, Date: winter 2013
7) Watching Me, Watching You. (Process Surveillance and Agency in the Workplace)
We explore the use of Thing Theory to implement a partial means of implementing mutual surveillance between management and workers to increase human agency while developing more adaptive and efficient business processes.
IEEE Conference on International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS 13) Toronto, Canada, June 2013
6) Thing Theory: Connecting Humans to Location-Aware Smart Environments
We explore how PolySocial Reality (PoSR), a framework for representing how people, devices and communication technologies interrelate, can be applied to developing use cases within integrated IoT and Smart Environment paradigms, giving special consideration to the nature of location-aware messaging from sensors, and the resultant data collection.
IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2013) IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) Santa Monica, CA, March 2013
5) Visualizing PolySocial Reality
We intend to use PoSR to describe and analyse principles underlying instantiations of the emergent 'network' comprised by the union of all individual networks, such that patterns in an overall graph representing these can be identified, node-centric projections examined, and sub-graphs compared.
First international workshop on Just-in-time Sociology (JITSO 2012) Lausanne, December 2012
4) Applied Agency: Resolving Multiplexed Communication in Automobiles
We explore the transition to greater sociability concerning automobiles in the context of communications being more fully integrated into their systems. In particular, we examine the consequences of the emergent network that results from interaction between cars, drivers, passengers, pedestrians and locations.
Adjunct Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '12)
Automotive UI 2012 Workshop on The Social Car (socially-inspired C2X interaction)
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, October 2012 Frame pp. 163-167, actual document pp. 153-156
3) PolySocial Reality: Prospects for Extending User Capabilities Beyond Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality
We discuss ways that developers can use PolySocial Reality (PoSR) to represent a more complete complex structural model of individuals interacting within multiple environments.
IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2012) IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) Lisbon, February 2012
2) Pervasive Computing in Time and Space: The Culture and Context of 'Place' Integration
We consider some possible broad changes that may impact society as a whole as a result of widespread integration of full-spectrum deployed pervasive computing technologies. Our approach considers design challenges for successfully developing and integrating pervasive technologies into culture and society.
IEEE 7th Annual Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE'11) Workshop A3: User modelling and Social Perspectives Nottingham, UK, July, 2011
1) A Cultural Perspective on Mixed, Dual and Blended Reality
This paper is an anthropological perspective on the impact of Dual, Mixed Reality and 'PolySocial Reality' (PoSR) on Location Awareness and other applications in Smart Environments.
IEEE Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2011) • IUI Workshop on Location Awareness for Mixed and Dual Reality (LAMDa) • Palo Alto, 13 February 2011


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PC Cheats
This page contains a list of cheats, codes, Easter eggs, tips, and other secrets for Borderlands 2 for PC. If you've discovered a cheat you'd like to add to the page, or have a correction, please click EDIT and add it.
Minecraft Area
Play until you reach the Caustic Caverns area. In the Minecart Madness side quest, turn right from where you find the mine cart. You should spot a stone shaped like a cube. Jump over it and land on some earth, then proceed right from there to find dirt that looks like something you might find in Minecraft. Attack it a few times and you should be able to push through, provided it is 2 blocks high. If you turn right from there, you should see some stone and coal. Those take 5 hits to break, and if you pass through them you will find some Creepers.
Submitted by: killkillkillomg
Full Metal Jacket References
There are multiple references to the movie Full Metal Jacket spread around the game. One of the rifle challenges is called "This is My Rifle," which is part of a familiar line from the movie. Also, the reanimation station will say "You will not die unless you are told" after reviving you, which is a reference to an R. Lee Emery quote in the film.
Submitted by: ohlove
Minecraft Easter Egg
In Caustic Caverns, around the Guardian Ruins near the end of the map, there are "dirt blocks" (from Minecraft) around a cavern to the right and under the minecart used for "Minecart Mischief." After performing melee attacks on the blocks, one will encounter several creepers and a badass creeper, which are also from Minecraft. Those enemies have a chance of dropping the "Longbow" sniper rifle, which just so happens to shoot arrows like the ones seen in Minecraft.
Easy Leveling (You Are Cordially Invited)
The first optional Tiny Tina mission is titled "You Are Cordially Invited" and your apparent goal is to lure a thug named Flamestick to a party where he will meet his demise. However, you can easily gain experience points by repeatedly failing the mission. Play through the mission as instructed until you are supposed to bring Flamestick to the table that Tina will have prepared. Instead of bringing him to that destination, kill him for the experience points (his death results in around 5000XP if you are at level 35 and playing on True Vault Hunter mode. Killing Flamestick will result in a failed mission, but then you can retry the mission as often as you like for more easy XP. The trick works even better if you load a second character and have them stand near Tina, constantly respawning Flamestick.
Submitted by: Nebbun522
Easy Money, Eridium, and XP
If you have a commando or mechromancer character (the latter works best), you can level up your character at the end of the campaign so that you're prepared for tougher battles in the True Vault Hunter mode. Once you defeat the main campaign's boss, stay in that chamber and use your turrets to take out the Rakk enemies that regularly spawn. If you are using a mechromancer and your skill is maxed by that point, your DT duration increases after each kill. You can leave your console on and let your weapons automatically take out the enemies while you tend to other things. Otherwise, you'll need to take a more hands-on approach. This is a great way to farm experience, money, and eridium with minimal effort.
Submitted by: AbstractSquid
Extra Backpack Storage
You can carry more gear in your backpack than you might think, though this trick is mostly just useful early in the game. First, find a vendor and sell the items in your backpack to make room for more items. Now grab any items lying around, or purchase the vendor's wares. Once your backpack is full, you should next buy the items that you just sold, thus temporarily expanding your backpack's storage capacity beyond the usual limit.
Submitted by: C-Schoe
True Vault Hunter Mode
Complete the standard Story mode and you'll unlock True Vault Hunter mode. That mode features more difficult enemies and you can earn more experience points. You can switch between difficulty settings by accessing the character selection screen, even if you only have one character.
Submitted by: SentinelKnightforce
Lyin' King
Find the large enclosure while working through the Wildlife Preserve (near the second vault symbol). There, you'll be attacked by two particular enemies: a stalker named Pimon and a skag named Tumbaa. If you kill both of them within a 10-second span, you'll access a special challenge.
Submitted by: Onebull
Instant Reload
To quickly reload your weapon, open your equipment and inventory menu, which effectively pauses the game (if you're playing without friends). Choose the weapon you wish to reload, then switch it out for another weapon from your inventory, then switch the weapons yet again. The desired weapon now has a full clip, assuming you had the ammo for that, and you can exit the menu and get back to the action without waiting to reload. Note that this technique will not work if your character is in "fight for your life" mode.
Submitted by: FreeLance_xX
Extra Enemy (Splinter Group)
If you have played this optional side mission, you may have figured out that it parodies Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. After you dispatch of the 4 pizza-loving mutants, you can enter their lair. If you turn all of the red lights above DAHL the gun crate to green by triggering the switches (check for switches on the floor, wall, TV, and by a valve), Flinter will emerge to attack you from an area just to the right of the lights.
Submitted by: KindbastardX
Unlimited Rare Items
In Sanctuary you can find Michael Mamaril, the NPC who pays tribute to a late Borderlands fan. When you talk to him, he'll reward you with a rare item (blue or better). Save your game and quit to the menu, then load your save file and find Michael again. You can so as often as you like, then either keep the items or sell them for profit. Michael moves around Sanctuary a lot, so you may have to look for him a bit.
Submitted by: solomonslayer17
Infinite Eridium
In Three Horns Valley, go to the hideout where you fight the Bad Maw boss. Kill him, and pick up the Eridium he drops. Then, enter the Bloodshot Stronghold, and choose the "Save and Quit" option. Continue the game, return to Three Horns Valley, and kill Bad Maw again to get more Eridium. Repeat this as many times as you like.
Submitted by: czar2288


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The History of Atlantic Beach
Atlantic Beach was a small seaside community around 1900 when Henry Flagler, builder of the Florida East Coast Railway, built the Mayport branch of the railway and erected a station just north of the former Atlantic Beach City Hall (Now Adele Grage Cultural Center).
The Continental Hotel, with approximately 300 rooms, was built soon thereafter on a tract of land lying between the depot and the beach. The land surrounding the hotel was subdivided and sold for summer homes. Promotional activities to attract tourists included auto races on the beach and air shows and the area experienced considerable growth.
In 1913, the railroad sold most of the land to the Atlantic Beach Corporation, headed by Ernest R. Beckett, which began paving streets, installing lights and water and sewer lines. However, during World War I, people were afraid to come to the coast and the Atlantic Beach Corporation went into bankruptcy. After the war, land began to sell again and the settlement began to grow. The Town of Atlantic Beach was incorporated in 1926 and the Governor appointed Harcourt Bull, Sr., as the first Mayor.
A tract of land was purchased from the railroad and was developed as the Town Park and became the site of the first Town Hall. The building burned down in 1932 and a new Town Hall was built in 1932 at 716 Ocean Boulevard. The first Charter was adopted in 1929, and in addition to the Charter officials, the town had one additional employee. The town continued to grow and by 1940 there were 38 employees and a taxable value, after the homestead exemptions of $1 million dollars. A new Charter was adopted in 1957 making Atlantic Beach a city.
With the opening of the Mayport Naval Station in the 1940's and the construction of the Matthews Bridge in the mid 1950's, the area became ready for development. Atlantic Beach was getting its water from a private water plant under lease, which was inadequate for both domestic and fire use. With an annual budget of approximately $100,000, funds were not available for major capital improvements.
The citizens of Atlantic Beach approved the issuance of water revenue bonds and a two million gallon per day water plant was constructed. In 1957 and 1958 the Atlantic Beach water system received the Florida State Board of Health Merit Award for the best operated primary water treatment plant for cities under 10,000 population in the state. During that time, the city embarked on "Operation Bootstrap," and within the next few years, with additional funds from a general obligation bond, the city constructed a sewer plant with the necessary lift stations and outfall lines, built a fire station, purchased 750 gallon per minute custom pumper and added three paid firemen to staff the station twenty-four hours a day. An air conditioned jail and police station with a radio system was constructed, the city purchased two new compaction garbage trucks and provided daily garbage collection, acquired a new city yard and constructed a storeroom and garage, paved streets and installed street lights.
Adele Grage Cultural Center
The city boundaries were extended in 1987 by annexation of the Seminole Beach area to the north and again in 1996 by extending the westerly boundary to the Intracoastal Waterway. The city is approximately three square miles in area and has almost two miles of ocean beach.
The old fire station has been replaced by a public safety building located at 850 Seminole Road. The city maintains its own Police Department, and fire and emergency services are now provided by the City of Jacksonville from the 850 Seminole Road location.
In 1991, the city administrative offices moved to a new city hall located at 800 Seminole Road. Soon after this, the old city hall was turned into a community center and named the Adele Grage Community Center in honor of longtime City Clerk, Adele Grage, and came under the jurisdiction of the Parks and Recreation Department. Various community groups and organizations used the building for meetings and social activities. In 1993, the City Commission authorized the Atlantic Beach Experimental Theater (ABET) to use the former commission chambers and adjoining offices for a community theater. In 2002 a major renovation was completed and community rooms, a resource center, gallery, verandas and new restrooms were added. The building was renamed the Adele Grage Cultural Center and fulfilled the need for a facility capable of meeting the cultural and community needs of a growing and culturally enlightened population. Fundraisers were held and public and private donations paid for much of the renovation. In 2001, members of Beaches Habitat for Humanity constructed Jordan Park Community Center located at 1671 Francis Avenue with city-supplied building materials in exchange for permanent office space in the building.
Much of the development in the city has been residential, with single-family homes accounting for most of the developed land areas. The city is nearing build-out with less than 10% of the incorporated land area being undeveloped.
Atlantic Beach Shoreline
The city has a commission-manager form of government with an appointed manager who reports to the four commissioners and a mayor/commissioner. William S Howell served twenty-seven years as mayor and holds the longest tenure, a record, which may remain unbroken since, in 1991, the city commission established term limits for elected officials.
Recent city commissions have recognized the need to acquire land to be developed for recreational purposes while a few large tracts of land were still available. In 1994, the city acquired approximately eight acres on the Intracoastal Waterway and with the use of grant funds, developed Tideviews Preserve as a passive park with trails, a boardwalk for viewing wildlife, canoe launch and picnic areas. In 1998, the City of Atlantic Beach, in a joint venture with the City of Jacksonville, acquired a twenty-seven acre island now known as Dutton Island Preserve. The City of Atlantic Beach's portion of the purchase price was paid from Florida Barge Canal funds and no Atlantic Beach tax money was used for the purchase. The island is experiencing on-going development as a nature park to include trails, a floating dock for launching kayaks and canoes, a fishing pier, camping sites and pavilions. Residents may now enjoy more than sixty-five acres of parkland.
Today, Atlantic Beach is a mostly residential community whose approximately 14,000 citizens enjoy an enviable quality of life.


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random dreamsceneNight Sky:
infoHelp us with a small donation to provide more free dreamscenes, themes and tools in the future: Donate
Download Gallery:
Here you can download all dreamscene video loops and motion backgrounds (HD *.wmv format) from dreamscene.org (free for private / non-commercial use).
You will also find a nice wallpaper screenshot for each dreamscene (*.jpg format) and a video preview (external link). Just select one of the categories.
- 3D and Animation: In this gallery you will find 3D & Animation video loops such as Matrix like dreamscenes.
- Computer / OS: In this gallery you will find Computer and Game video loops like Windows- or Mac OS X-Style dreamscenes, and some dreamscenes based on computer games.
- Mystic and Fantasy: This gallery contains Mystic and Fantasy dreamscene loops, all from fairies to demons.
- Natur / Landscape: In this gallery you will find nature and landscape dreamscene loops, like animated Waterfalles, Mountains, Beaches, Cities and more.
- Sci-Fi and Space: This gallery contains Space and Sci-Fi style dreamscene loops, such as animated planets and orbits.
- User uploads: The user gallery contains dreamscenes created and uploaded by other users, thanks for all uploads.
- for Donators: The donator gallery contains some selected dreamscenes as little thankyou for all donators, thanks for all donations.
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Just contact us per mail, if you want to use our video loops in your commercial work: Contact


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Nintendo 3DS owners are getting an amazing lineup of downloadable games for the holidays and beyond. Original games, classic games and demos will all be making an appearance in the Nintendo eShop. Fans also will soon find downloadable versions of select Nintendo 3DS hits that have already launched as packaged goods.
Nintendo 3DS owners will see a sequel to fan-favorite Pushmo, classics like Ninja Gaiden and Castlevania: The Adventure, plus a series of three original games developed by LEVEL-5 and several well-known Japanese collaborators.
"The Nintendo eShop demonstrates Nintendo's commitment to providing consumers with unique digital content through a combination of creativity and convenience. The variety and quality of games coming this year is unmatched, from new entries in established franchises to original properties."
– Scott Moffitt, Nintendo of America's executive vice president of Sales & Marketing.
The following content is scheduled to launch in the Nintendo eShop in 2012:
- NightSky launches Oct. 25. NightSky is an action-puzzle game that offers an ambient game-play experience with cerebral challenges that fill uniquely designed, picturesque worlds. Each of these worlds is broken into different areas in which the player must maneuver a sphere by using realistic physics to advance.
- Crashmo launches Nov. 22. Players can embrace the laws of gravity and challenge themselves with a whole new kind of action-puzzle play in this exciting sequel to the critically acclaimed Pushmo. New gravity mechanics and gadgets like floating blocks, doors and move switches await, testing players' skills as they push, pull and slide each puzzle's colorful blocks in order to climb to the top. Just be careful where those blocks are moved—unsupported blocks will come crashing down. Crashmocontains lots of puzzles to test your brains, and enhanced puzzle-creation and -sharing features mean that even when all the puzzles are cleared, the fun never has to stop.
- Fluidity: Spin Cycle arrives on Dec. 27, letting players tilt, turn and even rotate their Nintendo 3DS system 360 degrees to maneuver a puddle of water named Eddy through a maze-like, magical world. Change from liquid to a block of ice or a steam cloud to solve fun, gravity-defying puzzles and defeat Goop monsters. Fluidity: Spin Cycle features a new storybook setting to explore that spans the ages, from a lost world full of dinosaurs to the modern world and beyond.
- Three original games from LEVEL-5 and several well-known Japanese collaborators will launch in the Nintendo eShop for Nintendo 3DS before this holiday season. The first of these games, SUDA 51's LIBERATION MAIDEN, is set 100 years in the future, when the president of Japan boards her Liberator, Kamui, and fights to free her country one region at a time. AERO PORTER by Yoot Saito and Yasumi Matsuno's CRIMSON SHROUD are also slated for release by the end of the year.
- Get ready to unleash pedestrian-tossing pandemonium with Grace and Savannah in Tokyo Crash Mobs, a fast-paced action-puzzle game coming to the Nintendo eShop for Nintendo 3DS in early 2013. Players will need lightning-fast reflexes and an eye for strategy to survive the three chaotic weeks that lie ahead for our heroines, as they take on anyone and anything that gets in their way.
- Super Mario 3D Land, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D, Star Fox 64 3D and Mario Kart 7 will become available for purchase from the Nintendo eShop on Oct. 18 at a price of $39.99 each. Additional Nintendo 3DS software currently only available at retail stores will become available in the Nintendo eShop in the future.
- Mario Golf (launches Oct. 11)
- Castlevania: The Adventure (launches Oct. 25)
- Ninja Gaiden (launches Nov. 8)
- Zelda II – The Adventure of Link (launches Nov. 22)
- Wario Land II (launches Dec. 20)
- Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels (launches Dec. 27)
- Two demo versions of Style Savvy: Trendsetters will be available for download from the Nintendo eShop. The first demo is available today and lets players participate in a fashion contest, create an outfit based on the contest theme, style their model's hair and makeup and send her down the runway. The second demo will be available on Nov. 1, and lets players style their clothes and makeup, and then connect to the Internet via Nintendo Network to visit the online Fashion Plaza where they can check out ensembles that actual Style Savvy: Trendsetters players have created. Any items purchased using in-game currency in this demo version can be transferred to the full game. Style Savvy: Trendsetters will launch in stores and in the Nintendo eShop on Oct. 22.
- Additional game demos coming soon include:
- Adventure Time: Hey Ice King! Why'd you steal our garbage?!! from D3Publisher
- Disney Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion from Disney Interactive
- LEGO The Lord of the Rings from Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
- Moshi Monsters: Moshlings Theme Park from Activision


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Reach Your Audience
1050 WTKA provides a cost effective way for you and your business to get the message out to your target audience. Whether it's on air, online, or on-site, we would love to be of service. If you're interested in learning more about what WTKA can do for you, just fill out the form below.


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Sometimes just having the default sync cable is not enough. If you use an iPhone 3G, that sucker's battery dies very fast and waiting till you get home/work to charge it just doesn't cut it in certain situations. So, I have been on a quest, a quest to find a great car charger that can double as a general charging/syncing cable. Well, I think I have found it, the Griffin PowerDuo [available now in iMore Store!]
Read on for the full review!
The Griffin PowerDuo is comprised of three parts: the power block, USB cable and cigarette/12V accessory charger. Let's first look at the power block.
The power block is solid with retractable blades that fold flush into its body. Nothing quite beats the size of the new iPhone 3G's power block, but the blades on the PowerDuo are hidden within the body, preventing them from possibly bending or breaking, adding value.
The 12V cigarette/accessory charger works as advertised. You simply pop it in to the 12V port in your vehicle and it charges the iPhone. What is particularly great about this adapter is that it has a fuse that can be replaced should the charger go bad due to some sort of surge... very cool.
Finally, the last peice of the puzzle, the USB cord. This cord is very versitle; it has the iPod 30-pin connector on one end and a standard USB male connector on the other. This allows you to use the cable in a few different combinations:
- 30-pin connector-->USB-->computer
- 30-pin connector-->USB-->power block
- 30-pin connector-->USB-->12v adapter
This versatility makes this iPhone accessory indispensable in my opinion! No matter where you go, you can charge your iPhone.
Daily Use
My routine with the iPhone goes something like this: I get up in the AM and sync my iPhone and check for any app updates. During this time it charges in the dock. Often, this does not give me a full charge due to lack of charging throughout the day. Next, I hop in my car and as I drive to work I use the 12V accessory charger component. I drive about 45 minutes to work, and by the time I get to work, the iPhone is fully charged (I also make the most of my time and listen to awesome podcasts such as the Phone Different Podcast while it is charging).
Once I arrive at work I use the device during the day with 3G on (yeah, no accessible Wi-Fi for the Chadman at work I am afraid... something to do with security...). So, as needed I can then charge my iPhone two ways; either by plugging the iPhone into my HP laptop with the supplied USB cable, or plugging the USB cable into the power block and plug it into the wall.
After work, on the ride home, it is the reverse of my morning; I charge in the car as needed.
- Power block blades fold flat for storage
- Works with AC outlets from 100V to 240V
- 12V car charger works in your vehicle's cigarette lighter or 12V accessory socket
- Has replacable fuse to protect from surges (NICE!!!)
- LEDs change color for charging status at a glance
- The PowerBlock is large, could be smaller
I can't recommend this combination enough. I very pleased with the quality and versatility of this accessory, and I can proudly say I use it every day.
Software trainer, blogger and mobile technology enthusiast living in the suburban Midwest.
Most Popular
By Gerald Lynch


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Profile Jung So Min
Name: ??? / Jung So Min
Real name: ??? / Kim Yoon Ji
Profession: Actress and model
Birthdate: 1989-Mar-16
Height: 165cm
Weight: 47kg
Star sign: Pisces
Blood type: A
Talent agency: Bloom Entertainment
Jung So Min, born Kim Yoon Ji, is a South Korean actress who is known for starring in the role of Hong Mo-nae on the SBS drama Bad Guy. She is the leading lady of the MBC drama Playful Kiss, alongside with Kim Hyun Joong.
She studied ballet in elementary and middle school. In high school she studied Korean traditional dance. She says that if she had continued to dance, she would like to have traveled to other countries to spread Korean traditional dance. She attended Korea National University of Arts majoring in acting. [1]Source: http://hotartistindo.blogspot.com/2011/08/jung-so-min-foto-artis-cewek-korea.html