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The Viper is, let's face it, a cartoon. Everything about it exaggerates reality — the hood is longer, the rear is stubbier, the curves are curvier, the engine is an insane 8.4L brute. If modern supercars were sandwiches, the Viper would be corned shark on rye topped with live scorpions. It's bonkers. And that's why I like it.
The Viper I got to play with — in fact, the first Viper I've had the chance to drive — is the new for 2014 SRT Viper TA (which stands either for Time Attack or Tiger Anus or Tickle Aggressor or something). It's SRT's track and racing-focused Viper, and differs from the other models in a few key ways.
They start with the lightest version of the Viper, the SRT model, to keep the weight down to 3,390 lbs. It's very clearly front-mid engined, with the engine well behind the front axle, so weight distribution is kept to a tidy 50/50. The springs used are 20% stiffer, solid sway bars replace hollow ones for a 35% stiffness boost at front and 31% at the rear, Brembo 2 piece rotors replace the already huge stock ones for 13% more swept area, and the modified aero package increases the downforce at the rear by an absurd 700%.
The gigantic X-shaped cross brace up front is carbon fiber instead of aluminum as well, and to cap it all off, there's some limited run special colors just for the TA: 93 in that great don't-shoot-me orange, and 33 apiece for black and white. This is not a high-volume model.
The Viper has always been a car built around an engine, and the 640 HP/600 lb-ft V10 in the TA is clearly the root of the car's character. The Viper started out with a modified truck engine, which brought some derision from the expected snobs, but it turned out to be a potent and reliable lump.
The current 8.4L engine's character may be best summed up with this detail: it's a V10 with a 90° angle between cylinder banks. That's because 90° is the ideal, balanced angle for a V8, and the 10 is basically a V8 with an extra V-twin stuck on. But when you have 10 cylinders, to keep the engine smooth and even-firing, you'd want an angle of 72°.
That's because an Otto-cycle engine fires once every two crankshaft revolutions, or 720°, So, divide that by 10, and you get the optimal angle for even, balanced firing. This would help keep the engine quiet, smooth, and unobtrusive.
The Viper engine doesn't care about quietness, smoothness, or that other word that it doesn't even know the meaning of.
That's not to say the engine will rock itself apart or anything like that, but it does give the V10 a note and rhythm that nothing else really has. It's a little more growly and raw, and it fits the car perfectly.
All of these Viper-ish details proved even more interesting in the context of Willow Springs because I just recently drove a Mercedes-Benz AMG SLS Black edition around the track, a car that's comparable in design and excess to the Viper. And there's a reason for that — the fundamental platform for the SLS started out as a Viper.
There's many out there who deny this, but the story I got from an engineer (I won't name) who was there at the time is that some very very preliminary work was done on the next Viper right as the Diamler-Chrysler merger happened. When the state of Chrylser's finances was finally understood, many projects were cut, including the next Viper along with all of the SRT divison. Mercedes wisely took the work that had been started on the Viper and turned it into the SLS, which, if you look at it, has some distinctly Viperene proportions.
To corroborate his story, the engineer reminded me that the pre-merger Viper platform was known as the ZB platform. The current Viper is built on the ZD platform. The SLS is that missing ZC.
Either way, it barely matters — they're both very similar and yet very different cars. Where I found the SLS to be an impressive piece of incredibly fast machinery that made it possible for dipshits like myself to fairly easily whip around a tricky track at speeds up to 140 MPH, the Viper made me work much, much harder for those sorts of results.
I was slower around the track in the Viper, and that wasn't the car's fault, it was mine. The Viper is simply a much more demanding car to drive. Where the SLS had a sophisticated dual-clutch robot-shifted auto, the Viper had a nice but comparatively old-school six-speed. The Viper's electronic traction control system is very advanced and is likely a key reason why I didn't end up upside down and sobbing — but it's also the most unobtrusive system like that I've encountered.
Driving the Viper was a more visceral, engaging experience than the SLS. The car felt powerful and feral, and the job of driving it was more like guiding a hurricane than the SLS's fighter-jet refinement. I was slower, yes, but I think I ended up having more fun.
Granted, this feeling isn't for everyone. Not everyone wants a car that can so easily make you look like an idiot. I did, several times. For example, I found the shift pattern a bit tighter than I was used to, and ended up shifting to 6th instead of 4th on the long straight, making all the wrong noises so everyone around could hear the dumb mistake I made.
I hit the rev limiter in 3rd a couple times, slowing myself but at least I got to see the red snake that appears at startup and every time you hit the rev limit, which does make that kind of fun.
If you're willing to risk looking like an idiot, the Viper is a hell of a good time on the track. Do it often enough and I'm sure you'll end up a much better driver, too. Even off Big Willow, the Viper is both fun and challenging. To prove this, Dodge/SRT had set up an autocross course for the Viper, and that was very entertaining, and smelled like smoldering tires.
One of the SRT guys described it as having a "tiger inside your house." The dashing Ralph Gilles took me out on a guide lap of the autocross circuit before my run, and I'm happy to say I learned absolutely nothing. The SRT chief whipped through it so fast all I can say was I think there were cones involved.
When I drove it, we were told to keep it in 1st gear the whole time, since you can get to an absurd 60 MPH in 1st. In a run with the traction control off, I wisely spent at least the first second laying a nice fat stripe of rubber on the ground that would have made any Dairy Queen parking lot proud. But that's not a good plan for autocross.
The Viper is more nimble than you'd think in a tight autocross, and the potent acceleration and powerful brakes make it quite fun. The hardest thing to get used to is the fact that you're basically sitting in the back seat. The driving position is so far back, you're behind the car's central pivot point, and that can make the motions a bit unfamiliar.
For all the Viper's crazy brutishness, it's also surprisingly refined in some ways. The interior is leather-covered enough to give a cow nightmares, and the seating and controls are all highly adjustable. As a short guy, I often find myself hopelessly lost in long, low sports car interiors, but the Viper's seats adjusted on every axis our three-dimensional life provides, and in a very helpful touch, the pedals move fore and aft.
The dash cluster is dominated by a nice, full-color LCD that offers a high degree of customization, and most delightful to me, the Viper will not just throw a check engine light, but will actually give you the code and an actual, English description of the code's meaning right there on the screen.
Yes, this is exactly what I've been calling for for over almost two years, and the Viper is the first car I've seen to implement it. A dedicated SRT engineer who used to race Neons named Erich is the man to thank, and I think we all owe him a big, collective hug.
For all my love of vintage weirdos and tiny Kei cars, there's still an undeniable part of me that's a sucker for an overpowered, long-hooded, sleek monster like this. It's definitely more demanding and brutal than many of its competitors, but a part of me thinks that if you're already going to go for a car like this anyway, why not go a little bonkers? This kind of car should be demanding, it shouldn't be too easy to drive, and it should look like everything was taken just a bit too far.
Fuck restraint — if you're going to do this, may as well do it big, and name it after a snake.


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Lenovo's profit for its fiscal third quarter grew by 34% over last year, as the company also reported that its smartphone business in China had become profitable for the first time.
For the quarter ended Dec. 31, Lenovo's net profit reached a record $205 million, the company said on Wednesday. Revenue totalled $9.4 billion, an increase of 12% from the same period a year ago.
The Chinese company is within striking distance of overtaking rival Hewlett-Packard for the top spot as world's largest PC maker. In the quarter, HP had a market share of 16.7%, according to preliminary results from research firm IDC. Lenovo was just one percentage point behind.
PC shipments drove the company's strong growth, reaching a record high of 14.1 million units. Almost half of Lenovo's revenue, 43%, come from China, now the world's largest market for PCs. It has been the nation's largest PC vendor since 1997, and currently has a 36.7% share of its market, according to the company.
But outside of China, the company's sales have also been growing, despite the sluggish PC market. Lenovo said it made "significant inroads" into the high-end consumer segment in North America for the first time, with its sales of Windows 8 convertible devices. It had a 30% share of Windows 8 convertibles priced $700 and higher, and a 45% share of devices at $900 and higher, it said.
Earlier this month, Lenovo said it would reorganize its operations. This is leading to the creation of a so-called "Think Business Group", which will develop premium products for commercial and consumer segments and is expected to make use of the ThinkPad brand name.
While Lenovo's business mainly focuses on PCs, the company's smartphones are also gaining market share in China. In last year's third quarter, the company ranked as the second largest smartphone vendor in the country and trailed behind Samsung, according to IDC.
Lenovo's Mobile Internet and Digital Home business group, which includes its smartphones, saw its revenues increase 77% year-over-year to almost $1 billion in the quarter. This made up 11% of the company's total sales, with its smartphone business in China becoming profitable.

subset: commoncrawl


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In a Heartbeat Cover Re-Reveal
Cover Model: Colin Wayne
Photographer: Furious Fotog
Cover Designer: Bookfabulous Design
Eaven Bennett is a college student with a passion for photography. She has high hopes of completing college and starting a new life as she moves away from her hometown with her best friend, Ivy Adams. Her last boyfriend ruined any chance of her trusting ever again.
Talon Walker is the dark and intriguing drummer for the up and coming band 'Rebel Walking'. A tragedy in his past has left him empty with no desire for a relationship. That is until he meets Eaven.
One minute your heart is filled with love, the next your entire li
fe comes crashing down. Everything can change in a heartbeat. Can Eaven and Talon overcome the obstacles in their way and find love?
Buy Links
About the Author
Hilary Storm lives with her high school sweetheart and three children in Enid, Oklahoma. She drives her husband crazy talking about book characters everyday like they are real people. She graduated from Southwestern Oklahoma State University with an MBA in Accounting and has a full time job as an accountant. Her passions include being a mom, writing, reading, photography, music, mocha coffee, and spending time with friends and family. She is the author of the International Best Selling 'Rebel Walking' series. Book one: 'In a Heartbeat' was released June 2013, Book two: 'Heaven Sent' was released in September 2013. Book 2.5: 'Banded Together' released Jan 2014.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Hilary…Webpage: http://www.hilarystormwrites.com
Twitter: @hilary_storm
Hosted by:


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The Xinhua News Agency said it was the fastest speed recorded by an unmodified conventional commercial train. Other types of trains in other countries have traveled faster.
|This sleek conventional train powered by electricity hit over 302 mph
A specially modified French TGV train reached 357.2 mph (574.8 kph) during a 2007 test, while a Japanese magnetically levitated train sped to 361 mph (581 kph) in 2003.
State television footage showed the sleek white train whipping past green farm fields in eastern China. It reached the top speed on a segment of the 824-mile (1,318-kilometer) -long line between Zaozhuang city in Shandong province and Bengbu city in Anhui province, Xinhua said.
The line is due to open in 2012 and will halve the current travel time between the capital Beijing and Shanghai to five hours.
The project costs $32.5 billion and is part of a massive government effort to link many of China's cities by high-speed rail and reduce overcrowding on heavily used lines.
China already has the world's longest high-speed rail network, and it plans to cover 8,125 miles (13,000 kilometers) by 2012 and 10,000 miles (16,000 kilometers) by 2020.
The drive to develop high-speed rail technology rivals China's space program in terms of national pride and importance. Railway officials say they want to reach speeds over 500 kph (312 mph).


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There are several types of leukemias that require clinical care by a physician or other healthcare professional. Listed in the directory below are some, for which we have provided a brief overview.
Overview of Leukemias
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Copyright © Oroville Hospital. All rights reserved. Legal Notice


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I created a japplet in java and put it on website. there are no errors in eclipse and it works fine.
on web it say "Error - click for details". when i click on it, it says 'ExceptionInInitializerError' but no details.
does the error has to do with the code below?
public void run() { while(!player_class.isDEAD()) { .... repaint(); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch(InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }/*** end of while loop ***/ }/*** end of run method ***/


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Jump to Content
:1--CDV Effect of Earthquake in San Francisco, 21 Oct. 1868.
:1A--CDV [Verso.]
:2--CDV Effects of the Earthquake, Oct. 21, 1868, Cal. St., North side. [No. 983.]
:3--CDV Edminton Grain Warehouse, Hayward. 1868.
Morse & Heslep Flour Mill, Hayward, 1868.
:6--CDV Hayward's. Oct. 21 -- 1868. San Leandro Court House.
:7--CDV Court House at San Leandro. Earthquake. Oct. 21, 1868. [Duplicate of 13.]
:8--CDV Estudillo Residence. San Leandro. 1868.
:9--STER Effects of the Earthquake, Oct. 21, 1868, Railroad House, Clay St.
:10--CDV [Ruins of unidentified building. Following earthquake of 1868. San Francisco?]
:11--CDV Clay St. below Battery. [San Francisco. Following earthquake of October 21, 1868.]
:12--CDV 1868 Earthquake. [San Francisco?]
:13--STER Court House, San Leandro. County seat of Alameda Co. After the Earthquake. Oct 21, 68 [i.e. 1868]. [Duplicate of 7.]


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These Dawn framing camera (FC) images of Vesta show Antonia crater at both HAMO (high-altitude mapping orbit) and LAMO (low-altitude mapping orbit) resolutions. The left image is the HAMO image and the right image is the LAMO image. Antonia is the large crater that dominates the LAMO image. The LAMO image is approximately 3 times better spatial resolution than the HAMO image. In images with higher spatial resolutions smaller objects can be better distinguished. Antonia crater was identified as an unusual crater from the HAMO images but the LAMO image of Antonia is spectacular. Most of Antonia has a sharp rim with finely spaced gullies running around the crater below the rim. There are also subtle variations of the brightness of the material in Antonia visible in the LAMO image. The LAMO image also highlights the boulders and mottled appearance of the slump of material on Antonia's left side. The ridged morphology of the material outside of the right rim of Antonia is also made clearer in the LAMO image.
These images are located in Vesta's Tuccia quadrangle, in Vesta's southern hemisphere. NASA's Dawn spacecraft obtained the left image with its framing camera on Oct. 24, 2011. This image was taken through the camera's clear filter. The distance to the surface of Vesta is 700 kilometers (435 miles) and the image has a resolution of about 69 meters (226 feet) per pixel. This image was acquired during the HAMO (high-altitude mapping orbit) phase of the mission. NASA's Dawn spacecraft obtained the right image with its framing camera on Dec. 21, 2011. This image was taken through the camera's clear filter. The distance to the surface of Vesta is 272 kilometers (169 miles) and the image has a resolution of about 25 meters (82 feet) per pixel. This image was acquired during the LAMO (low-altitude mapping orbit) phase of the mission.
The Dawn mission to Vesta and Ceres is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington D.C. UCLA is responsible for overall Dawn mission science. The Dawn framing cameras have been developed and built under the leadership of the Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany, with significant contributions by DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, and in coordination with the Institute of Computer and Communication Network Engineering, Braunschweig. The framing camera project is funded by the Max Planck Society, DLR, and NASA/JPL.
More information about Dawn is online at http://www.nasa.gov/dawn and http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov.


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Physician Health Reform - Stand Up!
Anonymous referrals to these programs can result in loss of careers and sometimes loss of lives. I have heard from doctors targeted due to their age , religion, sexual preference , nationality and political stance who have lost their licenses and it all done under the premise of protecting the public. By claiming a doctor has a "potentially impairing illness" and falsely labelling him or her with a substance use or behavioral disorder they are able to remove any doctor from practice and by all outward appearances it seem legitimate. It is not and the stories I have heard and am hearing from doctors and medical students are as horrific as they are heartbreaking. These include female doctors who have thwarted sexual advances and even been raped who were reported to their state PHP and removed from practice for damage control and many of these horrible stories can be seen on my disruptedphysician.com/blog (see "letters from those abused and afraid ).
My work on physician health reform has resulted in some significant gains. An Editor from Medscape took notice of some of my blogposts and this resulted in Physician Health Programs- More Harm Than Good? by Pauline Anderson, a Medscape article that broke new ground as it was the first mainstream medical article critical of PHPs. This article in turn piqued the interest of British Medical Journal Editor Jeanne Lenzer and led to "Physician health programs under fire." In this article she addresses the financial conflicts of interest, abuse and fraud that is occuring and showed what an irrational and illegitimate authority the FSPHP is and they are tongue-tied as a result.
By all counts their days are numbered and the above articles and many to come are the direct result of this bottom-up activism. So too is a forthcoming audit by Massachusetts state Auditor Suzanne Bump that will hopefully look into the misconduct and fraud being perpetrated by the massachusetts PHP in collusion with a subunit of the medical board to remove due process from doctors. The rise of the FSPHP took 25 years. My hope is that their demise will be a lot quicker and we have dealt some significant blows.
I would like to keep throwing some direct blows to the enemy but at this point it is getting difficult and I urgently need funding and support.
As this is critical and I want to do everything I possibly can to make that happen just let me know what I can do in return. What I would like to offer is this.
Anyone who donates to my fund can consider me available for consultation at anytime 7 days a week and 24 hours per day indefinitely. I am also willing to entertain any other propositions. It would be a great relief to meet these goals and focus on the task at hand.
The need for allies and funding is urgent as time is critical. We have to expose this group and prevent what is occuring as described below in Physician Suicide and the Elephant in the Room. Please see DisruptedPhysician.com for more posts regarding this corrupt organization and how it is impacting the medical profession. And please help me be able to continue the fight for physician health reform and make a donation. Physician health reform is critical in saving American Medicine.
Physician Suicide and the Elephant in the Room
Michael Langan, M.D.
Although no reliable statistics exist, anecdotal reports suggest an alarming upsurge in physician suicide. This necessitates a reappraisal of known predisposing risk factors such as substance abuse and depression but also requires a critical examination of what external forces or vulnerabilities might be unique to doctors and how they might be involved in the descent from suicidal ideation to suicidal planning to completed suicide.
Depression and Substance Abuse Comparable to General Population
Depression and substance abuse are the two biggest risk factors for suicide. The prevalence of depression in physicians is close to that of the general population1,2 and, if one looks critically at the evidence based literature, substance abuse in medical professionals approximates that of the general population. Controlled studies using DSM diagnostic criteria suggest that physicians have the same rates (8-14%) of substance abuse and dependence as the rest of the population 3 and slightly lower rates compared to other occupations.4,5 Epidemiological surveys reveal the same. Hughes, et al.6 found a lifetime prevalence of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence in physicians of 7.9%, markedly less than the 14.6% prevalence reported in the general population by Kessler.7
State Physician Health Programs
Perhaps it is how physicians are treated differently when they develop a substance abuse or mental health problem.
Physician Health Programs (PHP) may be considered the equivalent to Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) for other occupations. PHPs meet with, assess and monitor doctors who have been referred to them for substance use or other mental or behavioral health problems. Originally developed as "impaired physician" programs, the PHPs were created to help doctors who developed problems with substance abuse or addiction as an alternative to disciplinary action by State Medical Boards. These programs existed in almost every state by 1980. Often staffed by volunteer physicians and funded by State Medical Societies, "impaired physician" programs served the dual purpose of both helping sick colleagues and protecting the public. Preferring rehabilitation to probation or license revocation (so long as the public was protected from imminent danger) most medical boards accepted the concept with support and referral. However, most EAPs were developed with the collaboration of workers unions or some other group supporting the rights and interests of the workers. Not so with PHPs as there is no such organization representing doctors. PHPs developed in the absence of regulation or oversight. As a consequence there is no meaningful accountability.
In Ethical and Managerial Considerations Regarding State Physician Health Programs published in the Journal of Addiction Medicine in 2012, John Knight, M.D. and J. Wesley Boyd, M.D., PhD who collectively have more than 20 years experience with the Massachusetts PHP state that:
"Because PHP practices are unknown to most physicians before becoming a client of the PHP, many PHPs operate out- side the scrutiny of the medical community at large. Physicians referred to PHPs are often compromised to some degree, have very little power, and are, therefore, not in a position to voice what might be legitimate objections to a PHP's practices."8
Noting that "for most physicians, participation in a PHP evaluation is coercive, and once a PHP recommends monitoring, physicians have little choice but to cooperate with any and all recommendations if they wish to continue practicing medicine," Knight and Boyd raise serious ethical and managerial questions about current PHP policies and practice including conflicts of interest in referrals for evaluation and treatment, lack of adherence to standards of care for forensic testing of substances of abuse, violations of ethical guidelines in PHP research, and conflicts of interest with state licensing boards.
Knight and Boyd recommend "that the broader medical community begin to reassess PHP's as a whole" and that "consideration be given toward the implementation of independent ethical oversight and establish and appeals process for PHP clients who feel they are being treated unfairly." 8 They also recommend the relationship of PHP's between the evaluation and treatment centers and licensing boards be transparent and that national organizations review PHP practices and recommend national standards "that can be debated by all physicians, not just those who work within PHPs."8 Unfortunately this has not happened. Most physicians have no idea that the state physician health programs have been taken over by the "impaired physicians movement."
In his Psychology Today blog, Boyd again recommends oversight and regulation of PHPs. He cites the North Carolina Physicians Health Program Audit released in April of 2014 that reported the below key findings:
As with Knight and Boyd's paper outlining the ethical and managerial problems in PHPs, the NC PHP audit finding that abuse could occur and not be detected generated little interest from either the medical community or the media.
Although state PHPs present themselves as confidential caring programs of benevolence they are essentially monitoring programs for physicians who can be referred to them for issues such as being behind on chart notes. If the PHP feels a doctor is in need of PHP "services" they must then abide by any and all demands of the PHP or be reported to their medical board under threat of loss of licensure.
State PHP programs require strict adherence to 12-step doctrine9 yet many of the physicians monitored by them are neither addicts nor alcoholics. Some do not even have substance abuse issues and there are reports of "disruptive" physicians being diagnosed with "character defects" at the "PHP-approved" facilities that do these assessments. PHPs require abstinence from drugs and alcohol yet use non-FDA approved Laboratory Developed Tests in their monitoring programs. Many of these tests were introduced to commercial labs and promoted by ASAM/FSPHP physicians.10-12
LDTs bypass the FDA approval process and have no meaningful regulatory oversight. The LDT pathway was not designed for "forensic" tests but clinical tests with low risk. Some are arguing for regulation and oversight of LDTs due to questionable validity and risk of patient harm.13
These same physicians are claiming a high success rate for PH programs9 and suggesting that they be used for random testing of all physicians.14
As with LDTs, the state PHPs are unregulated, and without oversight. State medical societies and departments of health have no control over state PHPs.
Their opacity is bolstered by peer-review immunity, HIPPA, HCQIA, and confidentiality agreements. The monitored physician is forced to abide by any and all demands of the PHP no matter how unreasonable-all under the coloration of medical utility and without any evidentiary standard or right to appeal.
The ASAM has a certification process for physicians and claim to be "addiction" specialists. This"board certification" is not recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties and is not a recognized medical specialty. The goal of the ASAM is to be recognized as the experts in addiction medicine with the consensus expert opinion based on the 12-step prohibitionist brain disease model. The ASAM has aligned itself with a number of inpatient drug treatment centers (Hazelden, Talbott, Marworth, Bradford,etc) and are heavily funded by the drug testing industry. It is in fact a "rigged game."
State PHPs are non-profit non-governmental organizations and have been granted quasi-governmental immunity by most State legislatures from legal liability.
By infiltrating "impaired physician" programs they have established themselves in almost every state by joining, gaining power, and removing dissenters. Groupthink and 12-step indoctrination are the goals. By advertising as advocates for doctors who are "caring," "confidential resources," "giving help," and advocating for "colleagues in need" the outward appearance is one of benevolence.
The biggest obstacle is that this system allows them to throw the normal rules of conduct under the imperative of a higher goal assumed to trump all other consideration. Those outside of programs either defend or ignore the reports of ethical and criminal violations, complacent in their trust of these "experts" claiming they are just helping sick doctors and protecting the public.
With no oversight or regulatory body involved this is all done with impunity, immunity, and undercover. They use the accusation of substance abuse as an indication to disregard the claims of the accused. The physician is left without rights, depersonalized, and dehumanized. The imposition of confinement, stigmatization, lack of oversight of the organizations, peer-review protected confidentiality, and lack of procedural protection is a one-way train to hopelessness and despair.
By establishing a system that of coercion, control, secrecy, and misinformation, the FSPHP is claiming an "80% success rate" 15and deeming the "PHP-blueprint" as "the new paradigm in addiction medicine treatment.
The ASAM/FSPHP had a major influence on the DSM-V where drug abuse and dependence are no longer separate entities. They are also working behind the scenes to get legislation to randomly drug test all physicians.
They are now after the "disruptive physician" and the evidentiary criteria are fairly low and red flags include "deviating from workplace norm in dress or conduct" and being tardy for meetings.
They have identified "the aging physician" as a potential problem because "as the population of physicians ages,""cognitive functioning" becomes "a more common threat to the quality of medical care."
The majority of physicians are unaware that the Federation of State Medical Boards House of Delegates adopted an updated Policy on Physician Impairment in 2011 that uses addiction as an example of a "potentially impairing illness." According to the Federation of State Physician Health Programs …"physician illness and impairment exist on a continuum with illness typically predating impairment, often by many years. This is a critically important distinction. Illness is the existence of a disease. Impairment is a functional classification and implies the inability of the person affected by disease to perform specific activities."
"Process addiction" was added as a potentially impairing illness including compulsive gambling, compulsive spending, compulsive video gaming, and "workaholism." According to the FSPHP "the presence of a process addiction can be problematic or even impairing in itself, and it can contribute to relapse of a physician in recovery. As such, process addictions should be identified and treated." They define three levels of relapse including the novel "relapse without use."
Bullying, Helplessness, Hopelessness and Despair
Perceived helplessness is significantly associated with suicide.16 So too is hopelessness, and the feeling that no matter what you do there is simply no way out17,18 Bullying is known to be a predominant trigger for adolescent suicide19-21 One study found that adolescents in custody who were bullied were 9.22 times more likely to attempt suicide than those were not bullied.22
Heightened perceptions of defeat and entrapment are known to be powerful contributors to suicide.23,24 The "Cry of Pain" model 25,26 specifies that people are particularly prone to suicide when life experiences are interpreted as signaling defeat which is defined as a sense of "failed struggle" or loss of social position and resources.. The person is unable to identify an escape from or resolution to a defeating situation, a sense of entrapment proliferates with the perception of no way out, and this provides the central impetus for ending ones life.
There is also evidence that rescue factors such as social supports may play a role in preventing suicide. These rescue factors act buffers to protect against suicide in the face of varying degrees of life stress.27,28 The study of female physicians revealed meetings to discuss stressful work experiences as a potential protective factor, 29 and support at work when difficulties arose appeared to be a protective factor for the male physicians.30 Research involving Finnish physicians found that control over one's work and organizational justice were the most important determinants of work-related wellbeing.31,32 Organizational justice is related to fairness and refers to an individuals perception of an organizations behaviors, decisions, and actions and how these influence one's own attitudes and behaviors and has been identified as a psychosocial predictor of health and wellbeing33 34Low organizational justice has been identified as a notable risk factor for psychological distress and depression.35,36
A recent report indicates that job stress, coupled with inadequate treatment for mental illness may play a role in physician suicide..
Using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System the investigators compared 203 physicians who had committed suicide to more than 31,000 non-physicians and found that having a known mental health disorder or a job problem that contributed to the suicide significantly predicted being a physician.1
Physicians were 3.12 times more likely to have a job problem as a contributing factor. In addition, toxicology testing showed low rates of medication treatment. The authors concluded that inadequate treatment and increased problems related to job stress are potentially modifiable risk factors to reduce suicidal death among physicians.
They also warned that the database used likely underestimated physician suicides because of "underreporting and even deliberate miscoding because of the stigma attached."
I can think of nothing more institutionally unjust than an unregulated zero-tolerance monitoring program with no oversight using unregulated drug and alcohol testing of unknown validity.
We have heard of numerous suicides due to these institutionally unjust programs. Three doctors died by suicide in Oklahoma in a one month period alone (August 2014). All three were being monitored by the Oklahoma PHP. I went to an all boys high-school of less than 350 students yet a classmate a couple years ahead of me died by suicide a few months ago. He was being monitored by the Washington PHP. His crime? A DUI in 2009–a one-off situational mistake that in all likelihood would never have recurred. But as is often the case with those ensnared by state PHPs he was forced to have a "re-assessment" as his five-year monitoring contract was coming to an end. These re-assessments are often precipitated by a positive Laboratory Developed Test (LDT) and state medical boards mandate these assessments can only be done at an out-of-state "PHP-approved" facility. Told he could no longer operate and was unsafe to practice medicine by the PHP and assessment center he then hanged himself. And at the conclusion of Dr. Pamela Wible's haunting video below are listed just the known suicides of doctors; many were being monitored by their state PHPs–including the first name on the list– Dr. Gregory Miday.
None of these deaths were investigated. None were covered in the mainstream media. These are red flags that need to be acknowledged and addressed! This anecdotal evidence suggests the oft-used estimate of 400 suicides per year (an entire medical school class) is a vast underestimation of reality—extrapolating just the five deaths above to the entire population of US doctors suggests we are losing at least an entire medical school per year.
As physicians we need to demand transparency, oversight, regulation and auditing by outside groups. This is a public health emergency.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FNoLigQzp5M?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent]To wit:
They first came after the substance abusers and I did not speak out because I was not a substance abuser.
They then came for those with psychiatric diagnoses and I did not speak out because I was not diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder.
They then came after the "disruptive physician" and I did not speak out because I was not disruptive.
They then came after the aging physician and I did not speak out because I was young.
They then came after me and there was no one else to speak out for me.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaiURPtWE7I?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent]
Ford DE, Mead LA, Chang PP, Cooper-Patrick L, Wang NY, Klag MJ. Depression is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in men: the precursors study. Archives of internal medicine. Jul 13 1998;158(13):1422-1426.
Frank E, Dingle AD. Self-reported depression and suicide attempts among U.S. women physicians. The American journal of psychiatry. Dec 1999;156(12):1887-1894.
Brewster JM. Prevalence of alcohol and other drug problems among physicians. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. Apr 11 1986;255(14):1913-1920.
Anthony J, Eaton W, Mandell W, al. e. Psychoactive Drug Dependence and abuse: More Common in Some Occupations than in Others? Journal of Employee Assistance Res.1992;1:148-186.
Stinson F, DeBakely S, Steffens R. Prevalence of DSM-III-R Alcohol abuse and/or dependence among selected occupations. Alchohol Health Research World. 1992;16:165-172.
Hughes PH, Brandenburg N, Baldwin DC, Jr., et al. Prevalence of substance use among US physicians. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. May 6 1992;267(17):2333-2339.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Archives of general psychiatry.Jun 2005;62(6):593-602.
Boyd JW, Knight JR. Ethical and managerial considerations regarding state physician health programs. Journal of addiction medicine. Dec 2012;6(4):243-246.
DuPont RL, McLellan AT, White WL, Merlo LJ, Gold MS. Setting the standard for recovery: Physicians' Health Programs. Journal of Medical Regulation. Mar 2010;95(4):10-25.
Skipper GE, Weinmann W, Thierauf A, et al. Ethyl glucuronide: a biomarker to identify alcohol use by health professionals recovering from substance use disorders. Alcohol and alcoholism.Sep-Oct 2004;39(5):445-449.
Skipper GE, Thon N, Dupont RL, Baxter L, Wurst FM. Phosphatidylethanol: the potential role in further evaluating low positive urinary ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate results.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research. Sep 2013;37(9):1582-1586.
Skipper GE, Thon N, DuPont RL, Campbell MD, Weinmann W, Wurst FM. Cellular photo digital breathalyzer for monitoring alcohol use: a pilot study.European addiction research.2014;20(3):137-142.
Sharfstein J. FDA Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Diagnostic Tests: Protect the Public, Advance the Science. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. Jan 5 2015.
Pham JC, Pronovost PJ, Skipper GE. Identification of physician impairment.JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association. May 22 2013;309(20):2101-2102.
McLellan AT, Skipper GS, Campbell M, DuPont RL. Five year outcomes in a cohort study of physicians treated for substance use disorders in the United States. Bmj. 2008;337:a2038.
Rivers I, Noret N. Potential suicide ideation and its association with observing bullying at school.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Jul 2013;53(1 Suppl):S32-36.
Lester D, Walker RL. Hopelessness, helplessness, and haplessness as predictors of suicidal ideation. Omega. 2007;55(4):321-324.
Beck AT. Hopelessness as a predictor of eventual suicide. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1986;487:90-96.
Hinduja S, Patchin JW. Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research. 2010;14(3):206-221.
Hertz MF, Donato I, Wright J. Bullying and suicide: a public health approach. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. Jul 2013;53(1 Suppl):S1-3.
Kim YS, Leventhal B. Bullying and suicide. A review. International journal of adolescent medicine and health. Apr-Jun 2008;20(2):133-154.
Kiriakidis SP. Bullying and suicide attempts among adolescents kept in custody.Crisis.2008;29(4):216-218.
Taylor PJ, Gooding P, Wood AM, Tarrier N. The role of defeat and entrapment in depression, anxiety, and suicide. Psychological bulletin. May 2011;137(3):391-420.
Lester D. Defeat and entrapment as predictors of depression and suicidal ideation versus hopelessness and helplessness. Psychological reports. Oct 2012;111(2):498-501.
Williams JMG. Cry of Pain. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 1997.
Williams JMG, Crane C, Barnhofer T, Duggan DS. Psychology and suicidal behavior: elaborating the entrapment model. In: Hawton K, ed. Prevention and treatment of suicidal behavior: from science to practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2005:71-89.
Borowsky IW, Ireland M, Resnick MD. Adolescent suicide attempts: Risks and protectors.Pediatrics. 2001;107(485).
Clum GA, Febbraro GAR. Stress, social support and problem-solving appraisal/skill: Prediction of suicide severity within a college sample.Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 1994;16:37-46.
Fridner A, Belkic K, Marini M, Minucci D, Pavan L, Schenck-Gustafsson K. Survey on recent suicidal ideation among female university hospital physicians in Sweden and Italy (the HOUPE study): cross-sectional associations with work stressors. Gender medicine. Apr 2009;6(1):314-328.
Fridner A, Belkic K, Minucci D, et al. Work environment and recent suicidal thoughts among male university hospital physicians in Sweden and Italy: the health and organization among university hospital physicians in Europe (HOUPE) study. Gender medicine. Aug 2011;8(4):269-279.
Lindfors PM, Meretoja OA, Toyry SM, Luukkonen RA, Elovainio MJ, Leino TJ. Job satisfaction, work ability and life satisfaction among Finnish anaesthesiologists. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Aug 2007;51(7):815-822.
Heponiemi T, Kuusio H, Sinervo T, Elovainio M. Job attitudes and well-being among public vs. private physicians: organizational justice and job control as mediators. European journal of public health. Aug 2011;21(4):520-525.
Elovainio M, Kivimaki M, Vahtera J. Organizational justice: evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health. Am J Public Health. Jan 2002;92(1):105-108.
Lawson KJ, Noblet AJ, Rodwell JJ. Promoting employee wellbeing: the relevance of work characteristics and organizational justice. Health promotion international. Sep 2009;24(3):223-233.
Hayashi T, Odagiri Y, Ohya Y, Tanaka K, Shimomitsu T. Organizational justice, willingness to work, and psychological distress: results from a private Japanese company. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Feb 2011;53(2):174-181.
Lang J, Bliese PD, Lang JW, Adler AB. Work gets unfair for the depressed: cross-lagged relations between organizational justice perceptions and depressive symptoms. The Journal of applied psychology. May 2011;96(3):602-618.
Written by
Michael Langan, M.D.
Be the first to comment and start the conversation!


text:
John Kasich voted Yea (Amendment Vote) on this Amendment.
Read statements John Kasich made in this general time period.
Title: Prohibiting Benefits to Undocumented Immigrants
Vote to adopt an amendment to HR 3838 that states no undocumented immigrant may receive benefits and aid under FEMA's emergency food and shelter programs, unless the President declares an emergency.
Title: Prohibiting Benefits to Undocumented Immigrants


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text:
The video streaming service also said once a video channel crosses the threshold, it would review the content to see if it qualifies for the placement of ads.
"By keeping the threshold to 10k views, we also ensure that there will be minimal impact on our aspiring creators," Ariel Bardin, YouTube's vice president of product management, said in a blog post.YouTube has come under intense scrutiny for ads appearing alongside videos carrying homophobic or anti-Semitic messages, prompting a number of companies to suspend their digital ads on the video streaming service.
The company vowed an overhaul of its practices last month, saying it has started an extensive review of its advertising policies.
While brands have demanded greater control over the videos where their ads appear, the step taken by YouTube this week is likely too small to allay those concerns, said analyst Jan Dawson of Jackdaw Research.
"Most of these (extremist) videos are going to get more viewers than that anyway," Dawson said of the 10,000-view threshold set by YouTube. "They're popular among the particular audience that they are targeting."
YouTube also said on Thursday that in a few weeks it would add a review process for new creators who apply to be in the YouTube Partner Program, which lets creators monetize content on YouTube in many ways, including advertisements, paid subscriptions and merchandise.
Any revenue earned on channels with under 10,000 views up until Thursday will not be impacted, YouTube said.
As it grapples with the advertiser revolt, YouTube must walk a fine line between giving advertisers more control and alienating the creators who drive the site's popularity, analysts say.
While some fear small creators could be hurt by restrictions, the 10,000-view threshold is so low that it will not hamper any people who make a living from their channels, said Jonathan Katz, an entertainment lawyer who represents YouTube artists. Creators understand that YouTube must protect its image to retain the ad dollars they depend on, he said.
"As frustrated as (creators) might be with the YouTube ecosystem at times, they understand that their fates are tied," he said.


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Oct 16, 2012
8 comments:
Someone has had trouble posting a comment here. Hmmm. Better test this thing out.ReplyDelete
Wow, sure am glad I'm not parenting young people any longer! One more reason I dislike Halloween!ReplyDelete
"Get a backbone"...that's just what they need. So many parents let their kids rule the roost. So many parents act like teens and think everything is "cool". They need to grow up and act responsible.ReplyDelete
I remember as a kid I use to love to dress up as a witch. I would dream I had magically powers for one day, Halloween day. For one day I would have sweet powers of a witch and candy too boot! I can't understand a kid wanting to dress-up as a hooker - where is the imagination in that!!?? Kind of gross actually. :(ReplyDelete
Dearie you hit the nail on the head! LOL, I dont agree though, girls (for the most) dress up like hookers on a daily basis, not just halloween. And I find its even worse in Catholic schools. WHERE are the parents I ask?! - NEVER letting my grans do that! Good pint girl!ReplyDelete
I know what are they thinking? Thank goodness I don't have kids, I would have made them dress up like a tree or something.ReplyDelete
Jen @ Muddy Boot Dreams
We don't see many trick-or-treaters here on the farm, and since I retired from teaching, no more costume parades.ReplyDelete
I totally agree with you about this.
Besides the moral issue of your post, how about the $$$ spent on costumes? Whatever happened to the creativity of using a cardboard box and other found stuff or old clothing? I remember the process of creating the costume as much or more fun than Hallowe'en itself.
Thank you for taking the time to leave a comment. I appreciate every one of them and respond to all.


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Rule #1 - Be Patient - Rule #2 - Don't ask when, if you don't contribute - Rule #3 - You have coding skills - LinuxMCE's small brother is available: http://www.agocontrol.com
This isnt a modded or rooted device?
I wanted to install QOrbiter on my wife's old Samsung Galaxy S(1). I get a Parse error when trying to install. Is this due to the phone or some other issue?B34N
Yes, It says "Parse error" and then "There is a problem parsing the package". It's the original Samsung T959 running un-rooted Android 2.2. It's an old phone. Would be nice to use, but not necessary.Would using a custom ROM with a newer Android OS be a good or bad idea?
Well, 2.2 is going to be a problem. Minimum support for QOrbiter is 2.3. There is a non opengl build for older devices, but its not been tested.
Looks like I'll be upgrading then. 2.2 is the highest official version supported. Is there anything that I should look out for when doing a custom build? It looks like CyanogenMod is a popular choice.
I Installed the March 6th on my SGS2 and I can't connect. I get an error "Im Sorry I coudlnt connect to a LinuxMCE Server at Please ensure you can reach your core. I will continue trying.http://lmce-admin/skins/android/splash/Splash.gml:-1 Host not Found"I updated the skins using " sudo svn up /var/www/lmce-admin/skins/android"Can I just revert back to an older version that works?
d--------- LinuxMCE


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Easy Sants by Bossh!
Del Vallespir 34, Sants-Montjuïc, 08014 Barcelona, Spain – Great location - show map – Subway Access
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Offering air-conditioned rooms in the Sants-Montjuïc district of Barcelona, Easy Sants by Bossh! is a 6-minute walk from Sants Railway Station. The property is around 1.1 miles from Magic Fountain of Montjuic, 1.6 miles from Camp Nou and 2.3 miles from La Pedrera. Offering free Wifi throughout the property, the non-smoking guest house has a public bath. At the guest house, rooms come with a wardrobe, a flat-screen TV, a private bathroom, bed linen and towels. Easy Sants by Bossh! provides a daily room service, as well as business facilities like fax and copying. Casa Batllo is 2.4 miles from the accommodation, while Passeig de Gracia is 2.6 miles from the property. The nearest airport is Barcelona-El Prat Airport, 6.8 miles from Easy Sants by Bossh!.
Couples in particular like the location – they rated it 8.6 for a two-person trip.Easy Sants by Bossh! has been welcoming Booking.com guests since May 5, 2016
Distance in property description is calculated using © OpenStreetMap
- Private Parking
- Free WiFi
- Non-smoking rooms
- Facilities for disabled guests
- Air conditioning
- Heating
- Daily housekeeping
- Baggage storage
Select dates to see this property's availability and prices
Property questions and answersBrowse questions from guests for anything extra you want to know about the propertyThe property usually replies within a few days
Is it possible to check-out before 7.30?Yes no problem!Answered on 3 December 2019
Are you open on the 13 October and 24 October? Your prices are very high, so not sure if you are taking bookings for these nights? I need a single r..Yes we are open! We'd love to have him back.Answered on 15 March 2022
I have stayed many times before (as you can see from my reviews) and hope to return regularly again in future! Do you have any availability for the ..Thank you! Yes!Answered on 15 March 2022
Hi,does the hostel has a elevator? Cause a have a heavy luggageHi! We do not have elevator but we can help you gladly :)Answered on 15 March 2022
Hi. It's possible to check in now ?Yes! You can check in online.Answered on 15 March 2022
Hola! mi vuelo llega cerca a las 11.30 PM, hay algún problema con hacer el check-in a medianoche?Si llega pasada las 21 le proveeremos un código de acceso para poder ingresar sin problemas. Puede hacer el check-in y registrarse de manera online.Answered on 15 March 2022
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Amenities of Easy Sants by Bossh!
- Private Parking
- Free WiFi
- Non-smoking rooms
- Facilities for disabled guests
- Air conditioning
- Heating
- Daily housekeeping
- Baggage storage
- Toilet paper
- Towels
- Bathtub or shower
- Private Bathroom
- Toilet
- Free toiletries
- Hairdryer
- Shower
- Linens
- Wardrobe or closet
- Inner courtyard view
- Shared kitchen
- Cleaning products
- Socket near the bed
- Clothes rack
- Streaming service (like Netflix)
- Flat-screen TV
- Cable channels
- Satellite channels
- Coffee house on site
- Parking garage
- Accessible parking
- Daily housekeeping
- Shared lounge/TV area
- Private check-in/out
- Concierge
- Baggage storage
- Fax/Photocopying
- Tour desk
- Express check-in/out
- Invoice provided
- Fire extinguishers
- CCTV in common areas
- Security alarm
- Key access
- Safe
- Air conditioning
- Smoke-free property
- Heating
- Facilities for disabled guests
- Non-smoking rooms
- Hearing accessible
- Toilet with grab rails
- Wheelchair accessible
- Public Bath
- English
- Spanish
- French
- Italian
- Portuguese
Sustainability initiatives
From 2:00 PM to 12:00 AM
From 12:00 AM to 12:00 PM
Cancellation and prepayment policies vary according to accommodations type. Please enter the dates of your stay and check what conditions apply to your preferred room.
Children & Beds
Child policies
Children over 6 are welcome.
Children 7 and above will be charged as adults at this property.
To see correct prices and occupancy info, add the number and ages of children in your group to your search.
Crib and extra bed policies
The number of cribs allowed depends on the option you choose. Check your selected option for more info.
There are no extra beds available at this property.
All cribs are subject to availability.
Age restriction
The minimum age for check-in is 18
Cash is not accepted Easy Sants by Bossh! accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival.
Smoking is not allowed.
Parties/events are not allowed
Quiet hours
Guests need be quiet between 10:00 PM and 10:00 AM.
Pets are not allowed.
FAQs about Easy Sants by Bossh!
Room options at Easy Sants by Bossh! include:
- Twin
- Single
- Double
- Triple
Easy Sants by Bossh! offers the following activities/services (charges may apply):
- Public Bath
The prices at Easy Sants by Bossh! may vary depending on your stay (e.g. dates, hotel's policy etc.). To see prices, enter your dates.
Check-in at Easy Sants by Bossh! is from 2:00 PM, and check-out is until 12:00 PM.
Easy Sants by Bossh! is 1.8 miles from the center of Barcelona. All distances are measured in straight lines. Actual travel distances may vary.


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I have one living grandparent—my father's mother, who's 89.
I visited Nana recently and went through the usual activities—talking about myself in a loud voice, fixing her "broken machine" by unminimizing the internet browser window, being told to slow down Timothy and get in the left lane, even though the turn is still a half mile ahead. But I also used the visit as an opportunity to do something I have not done nearly enough in my life—ask her questions about our family.
I don't know you, but I can almost guarantee that you don't ask your grandparents (or older parents) enough questions about their lives and the lives of their parents. We're all incredibly self-absorbed, and in being so, we forget to care about the context of the lives we're so immersed in. We can use google to learn anything we want about world history and our country's history, but our own personal history—which we really should know quite well—can only be accessed by asking questions.
During my visit, Nana referred to herself as "the last of the Mohicans," meaning basically everyone she spent her life with is dead—her husband, siblings, cousins, and friends are all gone. Besides that being the most depressing fact of all time, it was also a jarring wake-up call that a treasure trove of rich and detailed information about my family's past exists in one and only one place—an 89-year-old brain—and if I kept dicking around, most of that information would be lost forever.
So on this visit, I started asking questions.
She was annoyed.
But it only took a couple minutes for her to become absorbed in storytelling, and I spent the next three hours riveted.
I learned more than I had ever known about her childhood. I knew she and my grandfather had grown up during the Great Depression, but I never really knew the unbelievable details—things like her seeing a mother and her children being thrown onto the sidewalk by their landlord and left there to starve and freeze until every neighbor on the block chipped in a coin or two from their own impoverished situation so the woman could rent a room for one more month.
I learned a ton about my four paternal great-grandparents—again, I had known the basic info about them, but it was the details that for the first time made them real people. Three of them grew up in rough New York orphanages—the fourth left everything she knew in Latvia in her mid-teens and took a boat alone across the Atlantic, arriving in New York to work in a sweatshop.
I even for the first time heard stories about my grandmother's grandmother, who came over separately from Latvia and lived with the family for her last years—and apparently had quite the personality. Thankfully, she died in 1941, just months before she would have learned that her four sons (who unlike their mother and sister, stayed in Latvia because they had a thriving family business there) were all killed in the Holocaust.
I knew none of this. How did I just learn now that my great-grandmother's four brothers died in the Holocaust? And now that, for the first time, I know my four paternal great-grandparents and great-great grandmother as real, complex people with distinct personalities, I cannot believe I spent my life up to now satisfied with knowing almost nothing about them. Especially since it's their particular orphanage/sweatshop/Great Depression struggle that has led to my ridiculously pleasant life.
And as happy as I am that I at least scratched the surface of learning who these people were, I'm now sad about all of these other gray people:
All of this has gotten me thinking about genealogy and how fascinating it is as a concept. What happens if I just keep extending my family tree up and up and up? What exactly is a fourth cousin and how many of them do I have and where are they all right now? How weird is it that to some kid in 2300, I'm one of the old-fashioned-looking dudes really high in his family tree on a level with hundreds of others? Normally, I'd just go internet spiral about this on my own, but since Wait But Why exists, we're gonna do it together—
The Past: Your Ancestor Cone
So let's start with the past, and see what happens if we keep going up the family tree, or what I'll call your Ancestor Cone:
You can see that things get hectic pretty quickly when you start moving back generations. The top row is the 128-person group of your great5 grandparents, or your grandparents' grandparents' great-grandparents. The thing that I find surprising is how recently in time you had such a large number of ancestors. Estimating an average generation at 25-30 years, most of those people were your current age around 1800-1825. So the early 19th-century world contained 128 random strangers going about their lives, each of whose genes makes up 1/128th of who you are today.
Who were they all? What countries did they live in? What did they all do with their lives? What tragedies did they endure and what were their greatest triumphs? What were the 254 parent-child relationships in this diagram like? Which of the 252 in-law relationships above were close and loving and which were angry and contentious?
The craziest thing to me is that this diagram, which only represents the last 200 years of your ancestry, contains 127 romantic relationships, each involving at least one critical sex moment and most of them probably involving deep love. You're the product of 127 romances, just in the last 200 years alone.
Alright, I'm nervous about this, but I'm gonna take a crack at going back even further—
Okay that got completely out of hand. This diagram only goes five generations farther back than the one above it and look at the insanity that took place.
The 4,096 human beings in the top section are your great10 grandparents. Most of them were your age in the second half of the 1600s, just as the Enlightenment was getting going in Europe.
You can see why it's not really that impressive when someone tells you they are descended from famous royalty who lived a few hundred years ago. Look how many people you're descended from only about 300 years back! Within that top section, there's probably some royalty, in addition to some peasants, scholars, warriors, painters, prostitutes, murderers, lunatics, and any other kind of person who existed back then.
Finally, I know I already made this point in the evolution post, but look closely at that top section and notice that you can actually see 4,096 distinct tiny people in there—and realize that if you pluck just one of them from there, you would not exist today. Come on.
You may also be noticing that there's something that doesn't make sense about the way these numbers are zooming up exponentially—we're at 4,096 going back three centuries, and continuing at that rate, our ancestor number goes like this:
That puts you at 68 billion ancestors around 1100 AD. The reason that's problematic is that the world population goes like this:
So how do we explain this?
With a concept called pedigree collapse, which is what happens when people end up with a mate who is somewhat or very closely related to them. So for example, if two cousins had a child, that child would only have six great-grandparents, not eight. Or, to put it another way, there are eight filled great-grandparent spots on that child's family tree, but two of the spots are duplicates of two other spots—
Before you wince, absorb this fact: according to Rutgers anthropology professor Robin Fox, 80% of all marriages in history have been between second cousins or closer.1
The reason for this is that for most of human history, people spent most of their lives in the same five mile radius, and the other people in that same area tended to be immediate and extended family. To get away from their extended family when courting, men would have to walk over five miles away, which after a long day of hunting you just don't feel like doing.
In the Western World, this is largely a phenomenon of the past, but in many parts of the world, this is still a common practice—for example, in most of the Middle East and North Africa, over 50% of today's marriages are between second cousins or closer.2
So that group of 4,096 people above? A number of those spots are undoubtedly duplicates, meaning the real number of distinct people is likely a bit lower—and for someone a few thousand years ago, the number of 10th generation ancestors they'd have would be a lot lower than 4,096.
Because of pedigree collapse, if you extended your family tree way, way back, it would begin to get smaller, resulting in a diamond shape:
The widest point of the Ancestor Cone happens for most of us around 1200AD,3 when our family tree is near the total world population at the time. From that point on, pedigree collapse becomes a stronger factor than the normal upward x2 multiplier, and the tree converges inwards.
The Present: Your Living Relatives
So in this frenzy of procreation we're all a part of, what's the deal with our relation to the other people on this Earth today?
The simplest way to think about it is that every stranger in the world is a cousin of yours, and the only question is how distant a cousin they are. The degree of cousin (first, second, etc.) is just a way of referring to how far you have to go back before you get to a common ancestor. For first cousins, you only have to go back two generations to hit your common grandparents. For second cousins, you have to go back three generations to your common great-grandparents. For fifth cousins, you'd have to go back six generations until you arrive at your common pair of great-great-great-great-grandparents.
Since a lot of people get confused about cousin definitions, I made a little chart illustrating what a second cousin is.
So notice that for you and your second cousin, A) your parent is a first cousin of their parent, B) you have grandparents that are siblings, and C) their parents are your common great-grandparents. For third cousins, everything just goes up a level—your parents are second cousins, your grandparents are first cousins, your great-grandparents are siblings, and you have a common pair of great-great-grandparents.
(For the whole "once/twice removed" thing, it's about being on different generations—so your second cousin's child is your second cousin once removed, because it's one generation away from you; your grandfather's first cousin is your first cousin twice removed. A straight second, third, or fourth cousin must be on your same generation level.)
The number of cousins you have grows exponentially as the degree of distance goes up. You may have a small number of first cousins, but you likely have hundreds of third cousins, thousands of fifth cousins, and over a million eighth cousins.
Because I got a little obsessed with this concept while doing this post, I decided to roll up the nerd sleeves and figured out a formula for this:
(n-1) 2d nd
—where n is the average number of children being had by a family and d is the degree of cousin you want to find the total number of (an explanation for this formula is at the bottom of the post). (P.S. I'm thrilled with myself right now.) (But also scared because there might be a better way to do this, so feel free to add suggestions in the comments.)
So to find out how many third cousins you'd have (d=3) if your family averaged having two children per couple (n=2), it would be (2-1) 23 * 23 = 64.
The number of fourth cousins you'd have (d=4) if your family averaged three children per couple (n=3) would be (3-1) 24 * 34 = 2,592.
Using this formula on yourself is hard, because you don't know n, the average number of children your extended family is having—but you can get a general ballpark for the number using your nation's average number of children per family statistic. I calculated some examples below:
Most interesting to me is that these numbers go up so exponentially that taking the world average for number of children per family (2.36)4, you can use the formula to calculate that if breeding were mixed evenly across cultures and nations, the most distant relative you'd have on Earth would be a 15th cousin.
However, since breeding isn't mixed evenly and is instead contained mostly within nations and cultures, the most distant person within your culture or ethnicity is probably closer to you than a 15th cousin, while the farthest relation you have on Earth is likely to be as far as a 50th cousin.5
In any case, you have hundreds if not thousands of third and fourth cousins and you're probably friends with some of them without realizing it—you might even be dating one of them.
The other way to look at this is from the top down and see how quickly the distance of relation is magnified as generations move down—while you and your sibling grew up in the same house, your kids will be cousins who might or might not be friends and your grandkids might barely know each other. When it comes to your and your sibling's great-grandkids, it's likely they won't ever meet, and your great-great-grandkids might be best friends with each other and will never realize that their great-great-grandparents were siblings.
A nice example of this phenomenon:
The Future: Your Descendant Cone
Maybe you won't have children, or maybe your children won't have children. But barring those possibilities, you're likely to end up being either the great patriarch or matriarch of a Descendant Cone that will eventually make up a sizable chunk of the human race. In its first couple hundred years, before expanding into the thousands, it might look something like this:
Let's take a closer look at one of your hundreds of great-great-great-great-great-grandchildren:
Little Telia, born right around the year 2300, is as much a mystery to you as your ancestors from the early 1800s up above. She owes her life to you, and somewhere in her personality is a trait or two of yours—but that's the extent of your connection.
Party's Over
Now so far in this post, you've gotten to enjoy being featured as the key person in all the family trees we've drawn. You've been the child that thousands of romances have aligned perfectly together to produce. You've been the centerpiece of a large extended family with rings of siblings and cousins around you. And now, you're the great founder of a vast cone of descendants.
But all you have to do is shift the perspective, and suddenly you're one of some 17th Century guy's ten thousand descendants; you're the second, or third, or fourth cousin (it's weird to think of yourself as just someone's random second cousin); and to Telia, you're no grand patriarch or matriarch—you're an unbelievably random tiny stick figure high up on her Ancestor Cone and you're fuzzy because Tim can't figure out how to export high-resolution images from Pixelmator even though he tried a bunch of different things:
Most of those people on the top line are alive today, and you have no idea who's standing there on Telia's top line with you—that guy who works at the coffee shop might be her great-great-great-great-great-grandparent too, the two of you just two of her hundreds of nameless, forgotten ancient ancestors.
- Now I feel special and important and also I feel irrelevant and meaningless.
- Writing this post has really hammered home the point that humans are mainly a temporary container for their genes. In 150 years, all 7,100,000,000 people alive today will be dead, but all of our genes will be doing just fine, living in other people.
- After the first conclusion point, I was teetering on whether to feel good or bad about all of this. Then, I depressed the shit out of myself with the second point. But to throw my moping ego a bone, I'll consider an interesting idea, that my descendants might not need to ask their Nana questions to learn about my life and get to know me a bit—technology changes everything. In 100 years, my great-great-grandson might be able to easily pull up all kinds of info/photos/videos and learn whatever he wants to, which I'm sure will be nothing because the last thing he'll be thinking about is what his great-great-grandfather was like. Dammit.
- In any case, for now, there's really only one good way to learn about where you came from—so start asking.
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Other WBW Posts That Put Your Life in Perspective:
Meet Your Ancestors (All of Them)
Explanation of the Cousin Calculation Formula
The formula is (n-1) 2d nd
—where n is the average number of children being had by a family and d is the degree of cousin you want to find the total number of.
It boils down to a simple multiplication of the number of top-level siblings [(n-1) 2d] times the number of "eventual offspring on your generation level" each of those top-level siblings ultimately produces (nd).
Example 1
For a first cousin, the "top-level" is one's parents' generation because that's the generation where we move "sideways" in the family tree before heading "down" to the first cousins. In this example, the number of "top-level siblings" is the number of blood-related aunts and uncles one has, or the number of combined siblings of one's parents. We get that number by multiplying the total number of children in an average family minus one (that will get us the number of siblings since subtracting the one removes the parent) times the number of our top-level ancestors we need siblings for (in this case, two, since there are two parents). So for a first cousin calculation, the number of top-level siblings if the average family has three children (n = 3) is (3 – 1) * 21, or two siblings times two parents, equals four top-level siblings.
The second part is figuring out how many eventual first cousins each top-level sibling will produce. Since we're using an average number of children in a family, culture, or nation as a constant n, we just need to multiply each top-level sibling by n to get their number of children. Since their children will have the same number of children n, to go down two generations we would multiply the top-level siblings by n2—this can be simplified as nd. For first cousins, we'd just need to multiply by n once because we're just going down one generation.
So to get the number of first cousins in a family that always has three kids, d=1 and n=3, and (n-1) 2d nd comes out to 4 x 3 = 12. This is correct because your parents have four combined siblings and each has three kids.
Example 2
To find the number of third cousins someone has if everyone has two kids, we make n=2 and d=3. Here, the top-level siblings are on the great-grandparent level, because it's their siblings whose great-grandkids are your third cousins—it's on the great-grandparent level that we move sideways and then down to get to our third cousins.
So the number of great-grandparent siblings here is (n-1) 2d = (2-1) 23 = 8. This makes sense because you have eight great-grandparents and each one has one sibling (since in this example everyone has two kids, or one sibling). Each great-grandparent has nd = 23 = 8 great-grandchildren (since we're moving four generations down and having two kids at each step), so the total number of third cousins in this example is 8 x 8 = 64.
Richard Conniff. "Go Ahead, Kiss Your Cousin."
The Straight Dope: 2, 4, 8, 16, … how can you always have MORE ancestors as you go back in time?
NationMaster Fertility Rate by Country
John E. Pattison (2007), Estimating Inbreeding in Large Semi-isolated Populations: Effects of Varying Generation Length and of Migration, American Journal of Human Biology 19(4):495-510
The chapter All Africa and her progenies in Dawkins, Richard (1995). River Out of Eden.
The Straight Dope: 2, 4, 8, 16, … how can you always have MORE ancestors as you go back in time?↩
The Straight Dope: 2, 4, 8, 16, … how can you always have MORE ancestors as you go back in time?↩


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High School Students Are Too Stoned to Binge Drink
A new study by the National Institutes of Health shows a 30-year high (LOL) in the incidence of marijuana usage among high school students, even while drinking and other drug use has declined. Don't they know that marijuana is a dangerous illegal drug, while alcohol is a perfectly legal way to talk to people at parties? There's a reason it's called "dope," you know.
The increase in marijuana use, the Times writes, coincides with a "growing perception among teenagers that habitual marijuana use carries little risk of harm," one that they've probably picked up from the general medical consensus that marijuana is among the least-harmful drugs to use, and also because you cannot die of marijuana poisoning or a marijuana overdose.
Meanwhile, use of alcohol and other drugs that can actually kill you while you use them is declining:
While interest in marijuana and synthetic marijuana has climbed, the willingness to try most other drugs has waned. The report found declines in the use of crack, cocaine, over-the-counter cough and cold medicines, sedatives, tranquilizers and prescription drugs like Adderall and the narcotic painkiller Vicodin. Some 1.7 percent of 10th graders and 2.6 percent of 12th graders reported using cocaine in 2011, for example, far fewer than in the 1980s or '90s. About 5 percent of 12th graders reported using ecstasy in 2011, an increase of about 1 percent from the previous year.
Heavy drinking among high school students has also fallen over the past 20 years, the report found. From 1991 to 2011, the proportion of eighth graders who reported drinking in the previous 30 days fell by about half, to 13 percent from 25 percent. Among 10th graders, it has fallen by more than a third, to 27 percent from 43 percent, and among 12th graders by about a fourth, to 40 percent from 54 percent. The percentage of students who reported binge drinking fell by a third, to 13.6 percent from 20 percent.


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This was the weekend everyone signed up and joined Highlight or Glancee. TechCrunch has written about it and Robert Scoble has been going on about how viral these location-based services are. No doubt about it, these new apps which run in the background on your phone and let you know when someone you know (or might like to know) in in your proximity, are going to be all the rage at SouthbySouthwest.
If you don't know the details of how these services work, read Scoble's review (The Two Hottest Apps You'll "Run Into" at SXSW) where he goes into depth on both Highlight and Glancee. These "people discovery apps" (Scoble's term) have been around before (Sonar and Loopt to name a few) but I would agree with Scoble that the timing is right this year for the early-adopter types descending on Austin next week to take these services to the next level.
I've been using both apps for a few weeks and can see how they could be useful while travelling and open to meeting new people. They are especially powerful when there is a compelling reason driving you to make new connections. Trade shows and conferences are a prime venue for this behavior. This was what was on my mind when I was with the MyBlogLog team and we developed our own version of the people discovery app to show off our API at an O'Reilly eTech conference in 2008.
You can read about "Meetspace" on TechCrunch or ReadWriteWeb. It was a small java app that ran on a Blackberry or laptop. It was tied to your YahooID and would pop-up a little notification that another MyBlogLog user was nearby. As Highlight does today, we added a feature that would compare your profile interests with the other person's and give you shared interests ("talking points") that you could use to strike up a conversation.
Because Meetspace used bluetooth, not GPS, to detect proximity, the range was shorter compared to Highlight and Glancee. This worked to our advantage because, at the conference where we released the app, it allowed us to track when you were in the same room as someone as opposed to in the same general area. We kept a running log of the total time spend in the proximity of others and let users see who they spend the most time with over the course of the conference which usually meant they were the people attending the same tracks as you. Combined that with basic details of their company and interests and you had quite a powerful social networking tool.
Now for the cautionary tale. Meetspace was launched as an experiment. It was designed to show what you could do with the MyBlogLog API and while we didn't plan on it being a new feature, we thought it might be an interesting way to bring the virtual social network into the physical world if it caught on.
It never had a chance.
Shortly after the eTech conference I received a call from the legal department at Yahoo. I forgot who was on the phone but he basically opened the call with, "You are going to shut Meetspace down, right?" as if it was beyond debate. I gave him my arguments for why we should let it run, (it was opt-in, it was innovative, it helped demonstrate our API) but all this fell on deaf ears.
The trump argument by legal was that if anyone were to be harmed in any way, and if the police were to require discovery to see if anyone else were around while harm was being done, the police could use the Meetspace app as reason to require Yahoo to turn over their user logs. Yahoo did not want to run the risk of having to turn over these logs to the police. End of story. Game over.
Hopefully it'll be different for Hightlight and Glancee this time around.


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Unitil to take $4.9m hit for Mass. overcharges
Unitil Corp. won't have to pay a nearly $5 million fine for taking too long to restore power for its Massachusetts electric customers during the 2008 ice storm, but it will have to take a loss for about the same amount for overcharging its Massachusetts gas customers,
The Hampton-based utility will take a $4.9 million charge this quarter, because its Massachusetts subsidiary Fitchburg Gas and Electric engaged in certain gas price stabilization practices in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 — when prices fluctuated drastically — without prior approval from the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities, the company disclosed in a filing Monday to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
The agency said that the subsidiary is required to refund $4.6 million of previous collected natural gas costs plus about $300,000 interest.
Unitil plans to appeal the order, arguing that it did disclose those policies, that pre-approval was not required and it was similar to other practices by Massachusetts gas companies. In any case, FG&E won't have to pay back the refund for five years.
Nonetheless, the utility will take the whole charge as an operating cost this quarter because it was "consistent with its accounting policies for regulatory matters of this nature."
On the other hand, Unitil won't have to pay a $4.65 million penalty recommended in June to the commonwealth by the attorney general for inadequate tree-trimming, a faulty damage assessment, billing customers for the times they didn't have power and not contacting critical care customers during the outage.
The company contended that it responded "in a dedicated and prudent manner" and was "proud of the heroic efforts of employees, contractors and crews." Besides, the company said, regulators couldn't legally fine them in any case. The regulators agreed with the latter argument, although last week Gov. Deval Patrick signed into a law a bill that would allow the utilities regulators to impose such fines, as well as require that utilities file annual emergency response plans with the state.
The Massachusetts utility commission did order FG&E to conduct a comprehensive management audit of its management practices to ensure safe and reliable future operations.
It also promised to look at how FG&E can collect $12 million in "extraordinary expense" relating to the storm from its customers over a reasonable time period.
Unitil also was criticized for its response to the ice storm in New Hampshire, where the Public Utilities Commission will determine how the company can collect $2 million in "extraordinary expense" from its customers in its upcoming rate case.
The PUC referred to that ruling as a $2 million "regulatory asset." – BOB SANDERS/NEW HAMPSHIRE BUSINESS REVIEW


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Friday, 25 July 2008
manchu wallpaper at domestic textiles
Image courtesy of Domestic Textiles
6 comments:
- Anthea said...
Gorgeous! I love it - such a pretty colour.
- 25 July 2008 at 19:20
- AshleyL. said...
that photo is beautiful! i love it! thank you for sharing!
this is my first visit to your blog and it is very inspiring! thank you :)
- 26 July 2008 at 04:24
Love the Colour. Love the Patterns.
- 26 July 2008 at 20:55
- Anastasia said...
its so beautiful...love wallpaper like this!
im glad to hear you are enjoying the 'Mitford girls' i read it over a year ago and loved it...what an interesting family!
- 28 July 2008 at 20:33
- Natalie Walton said...
Glad you all enjoyed the paper. It got me thinking that perhaps it's time for me to re-do my apartment. But that's probably crazy talk with a 6-week-old baby!
- 1 August 2008 at 15:37
- Natalie Walton said...
Hi Ananstasiac
Yes, loved the Mitford Girls and so did pretty much everyone else at Book Club. Funny coincidence but the morning after we met for our meeting there were news reports about Mosley's son winning a defamation case against a UK paper which published his "Nazi sex romps". Haha. Seems those Mosleys can't keep out of the news!
- 1 August 2008 at 15:38