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BIM Goes Residential (AEC Insight Column)30 Jun, 2008 By: Jerry Laiserin
Design and production software give homebuilders all the advantages of BIM.
For the past six years, building information modeling (BIM) has been hailed by designers and constructors of commercial and institutional buildings as a revolution in the construction business. Ironically, the world of stick-built, single-family detached dwellings on the U.S. market has long enjoyed many of the same benefits without all the hoopla. A large chunk of this market is served by local and regional homebuilders operating as integrated design–build organizations and turning out a few dozen homes or fewer per year.
Figure 1. Third-party providers, such as CG Visions, offer homebuilders comprehensive modeling and plan services based on sophisticated and integrated software technology that might otherwise be beyond the reach of a residential builder. (Image courtesy of CG Visions)
These builders require software that includes many of the capabilities demanded by architects for design and modeling, plus the ability to easily produce plan sets for filing with building officials and coordination with subcontractors (such as plumbers and electricians). They also require that their tools provide unique capabilities for generation of framing plans, bills of material (BOMs), cut lists for lumber yard orders, and so on. Furthermore, homebuilders increasingly rely on slick renderings and animations to help them sell their as-yet unbuilt designs to prospective homeowners. The latest BIM-like capabilities extend to pricing and ordering materials and components — such as windows, doors, plumbing fixtures, and the like — and closing the loop from the digital model back to the onsite work for greater accuracy of construction and assembly. In fact, there are so many builder-focused design and production tools on the market that it would be impossible to do justice to all of them in a single column. My apologies in advance if I've overlooked one of your favorites.
Sticks and Stones
BuildersCAD and the related Intelli-Framer product — sold by the same company as ARRIS, a pioneering general-purpose architectural design program — encompasses wood-framing and material-takeoff functionality not needed by architects who don't also build. This extends to ordering key homebuilding components, such as doors and windows. Sigma Design also markets its eZ series of viewing, mark-up, and online collaboration tools that can be especially valuable on smaller projects (such as residential construction) that may not justify the expense and system overhead of a full-blown project collaboration network (see "Share and Share Alike," Cadalyst, December 2007, www.cadalyst.com/1207AECInsight).
Considered by many to work similarly to ArchiCAD, a leading BIM model-authoring tool, SoftPlan ranks among the leaders in all aspects of product needs for homebuilders, from design to estimating, framing, permitting, and so on. SoftPlan includes visualization capabilities to help homebuilders sell their designs, and the company provides excellent support, training, and educational materials to make its products easy to use.
Envisioneer, from Cadsoft, is another highly capable, full-function software package for homebuilders that is offered at a competitive price point. As with many programs aimed at homebuilders, Envisioneer encompasses everything from interior design within the home to landscaping design that surrounds the home. With all of Envisioneer's functionality so tightly integrated, Cadsoft touts the speed and efficiency afforded by its approach.
Hail to the Chief
Rated by many observers as the benchmark product in this sector, Chief Architect (from the company of the same name) provides one of the most comprehensive and full-featured product offerings for homebuilders, remodelers, designers/architects, and drafters. As with most of the homebuilder software competition, Chief Architect generates framing plans, BOMs, and cut lists. Chief Architect's drafting tools are comprehensive enough to produce even the most exacting drawing sets for permitting and field use.
Chief Architect also offers home design software in conjunction with Better Homes and Gardens magazine, and this software is targeted at the home-enthusiast market — consumers contemplating their own dream home.
Taking Care of Business
Homebuilding is a business as well as a craft, so home- builders need business software tools for land inventory, customer management, scheduling, change orders, postconstruction warranty work, and so on. Many homebuilders make do with checklists and Excel spreadsheets to manage these tasks, but more integrated approaches are available from BuilderConnect Solutions, BuildTopia, and BuilderTREND. All exemplify the Web-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) model, in which the software user need not purchase, install, configure, or maintain any software applications on his or her own business premises. All the requisite functionality is accessible 24/7 wherever the builder has an Internet connection.
BuilderConnect emphasizes its comprehensive approach, and BuildTopia's key differentiating feature is BTAccounting, with specific interfaces to mainstream financial programs such as Microsoft Dynamics, QuickBooks Pro, and Timberline. BuilderTREND extends its Web-based communications loop to mobile and handheld devices, along with the capability to take, send, and view photographs, thereby streamlining one of typical builders' most time-consuming chores.
Closing the Loop
As noted above, homebuilder software includes many tools and functions that predate the current popularity of BIM for general construction. Some homebuilder business management tools take advantage of the latest, Web-based, SaaS delivery model. A few tools leverage some of the more advanced recent ideas regarding BIM, but they are scaled appropriately for the homebuilder market.
One company offering such solutions is CG Visions. As with many of the standalone home-design and homebuilder programs, CG Visions can provide plans (figure?1), models, estimates, framing plans, visualizations, marketing tools, and back-office integration. However, CG Visions provides these capabilities on a service basis, rather than selling software with which builders can do it all themselves. By relying on advanced BIM software and skilled in-house professionals, CG Visions can cater to any or all the information management and documentation needs of a typical homebuilder. Especially for builders who prefer the hands-on craft side of building (over the computer-based office work of the building business), CG Visions' approach can yield more professional-looking results with less in-house effort. In a time of rapidly evolving technology and standards, the CG Visions business model, like service bureaus of the past, helps insulate small business owners such as homebuilders from the risk of technological obsolescence in their software purchases.
Another important component of the building lifecycle subject to increasing automation through BIM tools is the pricing and procurement of building components. Many tools exist for architects and engineers to link their BIM models with specifications (see "Building with Words," Cadalyst, February 2008, www.cadalyst.com/0208AECInsight). However, the ability for any builder, especially a homebuilder, to easily obtain prices for individual components contained in a design is not yet widely available or implemented. This niche is served by 1ST Pricing, a patent-pending solution that links CAD/BIM models to actual prices of real components. Although 1ST Pricing intends to expand its offerings to cover all components for all classes of construction, its initial base is in the residential construction market, making the product ideally suited to the current needs of homebuilders.
An additional area in which BIM technology continues to evolve is the connection between virtual construction — digital models of buildings and their associated data — and the physical world. In BIM-oriented general construction, laser scanners acquire data about existing conditions and as-built conditions during and after construction. Total stations and similar computer and laser equipment enables model-driven projection of control points on and above the commercial jobsite. Although appealing, these tools are beyond the reach and exceed the needs of most residential projects. However, the AccuFrame System takes a unique approach to closing this virtual–physical loop for residential projects. AccuFrame works from models to generate framing templates that enable rough framers on jobsites to operate with significantly increased accuracy and significantly decreased waste. By confidently working error free, framers also can work faster. The result is a triple-threat improvement in cost, time, and quality.
Although operating at a smaller scale and directly applicable to the jobsite, AccuFrame works in the spirit of direct model-derived control over fabrication that is the hallmark of the most advanced BIM automation projects. One may not think of a mechanic assembling laser-guided titanium components of a Gehry- or Foster-designed cultural icon in the same sense as a residential framer cutting joists to precise length via an AccuFrame template, yet both represent a continuum of tools and methods that bridge from the grandest commercial and institutional BIM applications down to the design and production needs of even the humblest homebuilder.
About the Author: Jerry Laiserin
For Mold Designers! Cadalyst has an area of our site focused on technologies and resources specific to the mold design professional. Sponsored by Siemens NX. Visit the Equipped Mold Designer here!
For Architects! Cadalyst has an area of our site focused on technologies and resources specific to the building design professional. Sponsored by HP. Visit the Equipped Architect here!


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In its 114th year, Billboard remains the world's premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends.
Términos y frases comunes
amusement centers AMUSEMENT-RECREATION CENTERS ASCAP attractions Avenue ballad batting range Bergen Mall Billboard BILLBOARD FEBRUARY 19 build Calif candy cars cent Chicago Circus City coin color Company concession Coral cost dealers Decca disk disk jockeys Disney Disneyland distributors DON CORNELL drive-in theater driving range equipment fair FEBRUARY 19 Ferris Wheel firm Five Star Baby Fritz Hollywood juke box kiddie rides Kiddieland locations Love machine manufacturers ment MERCURY Merry-Go-Round miniature golf Model outdoor amusement outdoor show business package Park Phone phonograph plans play ponies Popcorn production profitable RCA Victor record ride operator rink ROCK-OLA Roller Coaster rpm 78 rpm season sell shopping centers skating Spohrer sponsored spot Star Baby Grand stations television TENTS Teresa Brewer thru thruout tion tune TV film week WPIX Write WURLITZER York

subset: commoncrawl


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Oh, yeah...you read that title right. It's FRIDAY FREEBIE today! And, that means free stuff. The hilariously funny heidi at Sacred and Profane asked me if I wanted to host a Friday Freebie and I think it took me, oh...about a second to say yes! Who wouldn't want to be a part of some linky love and if you know me you know I love to give!! So, thanks heidi, not only for today, but for all of your humorous comments and fun posts. You crack me up and keep me coming back for more!
So, some of you might be asking? How do I get my hands on this?
You'll have multiple chances to enter...I'm in the mood to be generous.
First, leave me a comment with an answer to this question: What is your favorite Easter tradition?
Second, leave me a separate comment telling me that you blogged about today's Friday Freebie and link back to my site using my brand new button! (you'll find it on the left hand side at the top)
Third, leave me a comment telling me that you grabbed that cute new button and placed it on your blog's sidebar.
Fourth, leave me a comment telling me you are a follower or that you just became a follower.
That's FOUR CHANCES TO WIN!! (make sure you leave a comment for each that you choose to do)
Comment by Saturday at 10:00 PM PDT. I'll choose a winner through random.org and announce the winner on Sunday morning!


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Imager::Cookbook - recipes working with Imager
Various simple and not so simple ways to do things with Imager.
This is described in detail in Imager::Files.
my $image = Imager->new;
$image->read(file=>$filename) or die $image->errstr;
See Imager::Files.
$image->write(file=>$filename) or die $image->errstr;
# build an array of images to use in the gif
my @images;
# synthesize the images or read them from files, it doesn't matter
# write the gif
Imager->write_multi({ file=>$filename, type=>'gif' }, @images)
or die Imager->errstr;
See "Writing an animated GIF" in Imager::Files for a more detailed example.
Some formats, like GIF and TIFF support multiple images per file. Use the read_multi() method to read them:
my @images = Imager->read_multi(file=>$filename)
or die Imager->errstr;
This is as simple as reading the original file and writing the new file, for single images:
my $image = Imager->new;
# Imager auto-detects the input file type
$image->read(file => $input_filename)
or die $image->errstr;
# Imager derives the output file format from the filename
$image->write(file => $output_filename)
or die $image->errstr;
# or you can supply a type parameter:
$image->write(file => $output_filename, type => 'gif')
or die $image->errstr;
The main issue that can occur with this is if the input file has transparency and the output file format doesn't support that. This can be a problem when converting from GIFs to JPEGs for example.
To work around that you can compose the source image onto a background color:
if ($image->getchannels == 4 or $image->getchannels == 2) {
my $back = Imager->new(xsize => $image->getwidth,
ysize => $image->getheight);
# grey background for grayscale images, red for color
my $back_color = $image->getchannels == 2 ? [ 128 ] : 'red';
$back->box(filled => 1, color => $back_color);
$back->rubthrough(src => $image);
$image = $back;
# now we can write safely to jpeg or pnm
Some formats support multiple files, so if you want to convert from say tiff to jpeg, you'll need multiple output files:
my @images = Imager->read_multi(file => 'input.tif')
or die Imager->errstr;
my $index = 1;
for my $image (@images) {
$image->write(file => sprintf('output%02d.jpg', $index++))
or die $image->errstr;
To create a simple RGB image, supply the image width and height to the new() method:
my $rgb = Imager->new(xsize=>$width, ysize=>$height);
If you also want an alpha channel:
my $rgb_alpha = Imager->new(xsize=>$width, ysize=>$height, channels=>4);
To make a grayscale image:
my $gray = Imager->new(xsize=>$width, ysize=>$height, channels=>1);
and a grayscale image with an alpha channel:
my $gray_alpha = Imager->new(xsize=>$width, ysize=>$height, channels=>2);
When a new image is created this way all samples are set to zero - black for 1 or 3 channel images, transparent black for 2 or 4 channel images.
You can also create paletted images and images with more than 8-bits per channel, see Imager::ImageTypes for more details.
To set the background of a new image to a solid color, use the box() method with no limits, and filled=>1:
$image->box(filled=>1, color=>$color);
As always, a color can be specified as an Imager::Color object:
my $white = Imager::Color->new(255, 255, 255);
$image->box(filled=>1, color=>$white);
or you supply any single scalar that Imager::Color's new() method accepts as a color description:
$image->box(filled=>1, color=>'white');
$image->box(filled=>1, color=>'#FF0000');
$image->box(filled=>1, color=>[ 255, 255, 255 ]);
You can also fill the image with a fill object:
use Imager::Fill;
# create the fill object
my $fill = Imager::Fill->new(hatch=>'check1x1')
# let Imager create one automatically
$image->box(fill=>{ hatch=>'check1x1' });
See Imager::Fill for information on Imager's fill objects.
As with any CGI script it's up to you to validate data and set limits on any parameters supplied to Imager.
For example, if you allow the caller to set the size of an output image you should limit the size to prevent the client from specifying an image size that will consume all available memory.
This is beside any any other controls you need over access to data.
See CGI for a module useful for processing CGI submitted data.
This is similar to writing to a file, but you also need to supply the information needed by the web browser to identify the file format:
my $img = ....; # create the image and generate the contents
++$|; # make sure the content type isn't buffered
print "Content-Type: image/png\n\n";
binmode STDOUT;
$img->write(fd=>fileno(STDOUT), type=>'png')
or die $img->errstr;
You need to set the Content-Type header depending on the file format you send to the web browser.
If you want to supply a content-length header, write the image to a scalar as a buffer:
my $img = ....; # create the image and generate the contents
my $data;
$img->write(type=>'png', data=>\$data)
or die $img->errstr;
print "Content-Type: image/png\n";
print "Content-Length: ",length($data),"\n\n";
binmode STDOUT;
print $data;
See samples/samp-scale.cgi and samples/samp-image.cgi for a couple of simple examples of producing an image from CGI.
There's occasionally confusion on how to display an image generated by Imager in a page generated by a CGI.
Your web browser handles this process as two requests, one for the HTML page, and another for the image itself.
Each request needs to perform validation since an attacker can control the values supplied to both requests.
How you make the data available to the image generation code depends on your application.
See samples/samp-form.cgi and samples/samp-image.cgi in the Imager distribution for one approach. The POD in samp-form.cgi also discusses some of the issues involved.
WARNING: file format attacks have become a common attack vector, make sure you have up to date image file format libraries, otherwise trying to parse uploaded files, whether with Imager or some other tool, may result in a remote attacker being able to run their own code on your system.
If your HTML form uses the correct magic, it can upload files to your CGI script, in particular, you need to use method="post" and enctype="multipart/form-data" in the form tag, and use type="file" in the input, for example:
<form action="/cgi-bin/yourprogram" method="post"
<input type="file" name="myimage" />
<input type="submit value="Upload Image" />
To process the form:
first check that the user supplied a file
get the file handle
have Imager read the image
# returns the client's name for the file, don't open this locally
my $cgi = CGI->new;
# 1. check the user supplied a file
my $filename = $cgi->param('myimage');
if ($filename) {
# 2. get the file handle
my $fh = $cgi->upload('myimage');
if ($fh) {
binmode $fh;
# 3. have Imager read the image
my $img = Imager->new;
if ($img->read(fh=>$fh)) {
# we can now process the image
# else, you probably have an incorrect form or input tag
# else, the user didn't select a file
See samples/samp-scale.cgi and samples/samp-tags.cgi in the Imager distribution for example code.
You may also want to set limits on the size of the image read, using Imager's set_file_limits method, documented in "set_file_limits" in Imager::Files. For example:
# limit to 10 million bytes of memory usage
Imager->set_file_limits(bytes => 10_000_000);
# limit to 1024 x 1024
Imager->set_file_limits(width => 1024, height => 1024);
First make a new image with space for the border:
my $border_width = ...;
my $border_height = ...;
my $out = Imager->new(xsize => $source->getwidth() + 2 * $border_width,
ysize => $source->getheight() + 2 * $border_height,
bits => $source->bits,
channels => $source->getchannels);
Then paste the source image into the new image:
$out->paste(left => $border_width,
top => $border_height,
img => $source);
Whether you draw the border before or after pasting the original image depends on whether you want the border to overlap the image, for example a semi-tranparent border drawn after pasting the source image could overlap the edge without hiding it.
If you want a solid border you could just fill the image before pasting the source for simplicity:
$out->box(filled=>1, color=>'red');
$out->paste(left => $border_width,
top => $border_height,
img => $source);
This requires that you have Imager installed with Freetype 2.x support installed, and that the font be created using the Freetype 2.x driver, for example:
my $font = Imager::Font->new(file=>$fontfile, type=>'ft2');
First you need a transformation matrix, for shearing that could be:
my $angle_in_radians = ...;
my $tan_angle = sin($angle_rads) / cos($angle_rads);
# shear horizontally, supply this as y instead to do it vertically
my $matrix = Imager::Matrix2d->shear(x=>$tan_angle);
For rotation that would be:
my $matrix = Imager::Matrix2d->rotate(radians => $angle_in_radians);
my $matrix = Imager::Matrix2d->rotate(degrees => $angle_in_degrees);
Feed that to the font object:
$font->transform(matrix => $matrix);
and draw the text as normal:
$image->string(string => $text,
x => $where_x,
y => $where_y,
color => $color,
font => $font);
See samples/slant_text.pl for a comprehensive example, including calculating the transformed bounding box to create an image to fit the transformed text into.
When Imager reads a file it does a magic number check to determine the file type, so "foo.png" could actually be a GIF image, and Imager will read it anyway.
You can check the actual format of the image by looking at the i_format tag.
my $format = $image->tags(name=>'i_format');
Most image file formats store information about the physical size of the pixels, though in some cases that information isn't useful.
Imager stores this information in the tags i_xres and i_yres, and this is always stored in dots per inch.
Some formats, including TIFF and JPEG allow you to change the units spatial resolution information is stored in, if you set the tag that changes this the Imager will convert i_xres and i_yres to those units when it writes the file.
For example to set the resolution to 300 dpi:
$image->settag(name => 'i_xres', value => 300);
$image->settag(name => 'i_yres', value => 300);
If you want the file format to store the resolution in some other unit, for example you can write a TIFF file that stores the resolution in pixels per centimeter, you would do:
# 150 pixels/cm
$image->settag(name => 'i_xres', value => 150 * 2.54);
$image->settag(name => 'i_yres', value => 150 * 2.54);
$image->settag(name => 'tiff_resolutionunit', value => 3);
Keywords: DPI
Tony Cook <email@example.com>
Imager, Imager::Files, Imager::Draw.
To install Imager, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.
cpanm Imager
CPAN shell
perl -MCPAN -e shell
install Imager
For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide.


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Residents of Hammarby Sjöstad, a district on the south side of Stockholm, Sweden, don't let their waste go to waste. Every building in the district boasts an array of pneumatic tubes, like larger versions of the ones that whooshed checks from cars to bank tellers back in the day. One tube carries combustible waste to a plant where it is burned to make heat and electricity. Another zips food waste and other biomatter away to be composted and made into fertilizer. Yet another takes recyclables to a sorting facility.
Meanwhile, wastewater is taken to a treatment plant, from whence it emerges as biosolids for more compost, biogas for heat and transportation fuel, and pure water to cool a power plant, which also runs on biofuels grown with the biosolids. Looking at a chart of all this is enough to induce dizziness. "In terms of what you can do at the local level for energy efficiency and renewable energy, it's incredible. It's just amazing," says Joan Fitzgerald, author of Emerald Cities (Oxford University Press, 2010).
After they are done district authorities hope Hammarby Sjöstad will produce about half its power independently, a task made easier by the fact that residents, thanks to a broad range of efficiency and conservation measures, will consume half the energy of the average Swede (who already consumes only about 75 percent as much as the average American). These intrepid Swedish urbanites are pushing the envelope on a phenomenon catching on in cities across the developed world: "distributed energy."
Though it takes many forms, distributed energy boils down to two basic strategies: The first is to harvest as much power as possible locally, close to where it is consumed, from small-scale, low-carbon sources. The second is to wring the maximum amount of useful work out of every unit of energy available. The overarching goal is to create resilient, self-reliant cities prepared for the economic and political volatility ahead in the 21st century.
More options than ever are available for local, low-carbon energy. Solar photovoltaic panels are falling steadily in price, and solar power plants are being scaled down to the range of 20 to 30 megawatts—small enough to occupy already developed urban land. Passive solar, the use of direct sunlight for water or space heating, is already a well-developed, low-cost practice. In countries such as Israel and in the cities of Dezhou and Rizhao in China, more than 90 percent of buildings have passive solar water heaters.
Geothermal energy for space and water heating is also well established. Boise, Idaho, has had a business district geothermal heating system since 1983; last year residents voted to expand the network. The U.S. Department of Energy has identified 271 cities within eight kilometers of geothermal resources sufficient to provide useful heat. Many cities that do not have access to solar or geothermal resources, like those in the southeastern U.S., have copious biomass available. And every city in the world produces a waste stream that can be used to make electricity, biogas or, like the Bowerman Landfill in Orange County, Calif., liquid natural gas to fuel transit systems. Natural gas fuel cells are also reaching viability at everything from the household scale to the district level. (For example, there is the recent, much-celebrated Bloom Box.)
At least for the foreseeable future, however, local generation is unlikely to supply the sheer quantity of energy that large fossil-fuel plants now provide, and urban populations are projected to continue expanding. Thus follows the second imperative of distributed energy: to maximize the utility of every bit of energy. By some estimates, more than two thirds of the primary energy that enters the U.S. economy is ultimately wasted. For virtually any urban area, "negawatts"—energy saved through intelligent use of resources—could become the largest source of local energy.
The best way to get more out of energy, by a fairly wide margin, is low-tech and unsexy: density. Living close together offers a number of inherent efficiencies: residents can take public transit, walk or bicycle rather than drive; and urban living spaces, which tend to be more compact than rural or suburban homes, are less energy-intensive to heat and cool.
Another key strategy is to make use of the extraordinary amount of heat that is wasted today. Virtually every industrial process, from smelting coke to generating power, creates heat as a by-product, and the vast majority is simply vented into the air or water. That heat can be used to create power or to warm neighboring buildings. So-called district heating, which uses one source to heat multiple buildings, may be the oldest, cheapest and most widespread distributed energy technology in the world. District heating systems have been in place in New York City, Detroit and Birmingham, Ala., for more than a century, and many other cities are now following their lead, including Portland, Ore. "The upside is competitive rates, green energy, long-run price stability, and reduced capital costs for developers," says Rob Bennett of the Portland Sustainability Institute.
The ultimate way to maximize efficiency, though, remains the most speculative, and that is the use of information technology for ubiquitous awareness and intelligence. Even as prices rise for concrete, steel, oil, coal and water, one commodity gets steadily and inexorably cheaper: computing power. As sensors and microchips become smaller, less expensive and more powerful, they will be integrated not only into the power distribution system (the "smart grid") but into countless appliances, buildings, vehicles and public resources.
The seeds of this approach have been planted in places like Boulder, Colo., and Austin, Tex., which have deployed thousands of smart meters. In its new Pecan Street Project, Austin is building houses wired with communications systems capable of managing the charging and discharging of electric car batteries based on the hour-to-hour cost of electricity. "The communication protocols being developed for the cars will transfer into energy management of every kind at the home level," says Larry Alford, manager of distributed generation at Austin Energy. The effectiveness of intelligent grids will be enhanced by new ways of storing electricity at the building and neighborhood levels. It is energy storage coupled with the smart grid, Alford says, "that enables grid security, grid stability and power quality."
One benefit of energy localism that is difficult to quantify but nonetheless significant is that it engages a city's residents in a more active civic role: People sort their trash, they manage their power consumption, they get involved. "You build it through city pride," Fitzgerald says. "It's a visible thing people feel proud about. Then they're more amenable to doing other things."
In many ways the evolution of centralized energy into distributed energy parallels the evolution of computers from central mainframes to PCs and smart phones, and it may have many of the same democratizing effects. Putting information technology in more hands enabled an explosion of innovation and experimentation. If cities can incubate a new round of innovation, spurred by the dispersion of energy technology, they will leave behind brittle 20th-century energy systems to create new models of resilient, self-reliant and sustainable prosperity.
Local Power: Tapping Distributed Energy in 21st-Century Cities
Local energy sources coupled with widespread, inexpensive gadgetry will soon enable cities to become smarter, more sustainable and more self-reliant
Residents of Hammarby Sjöstad, a district on the south side of Stockholm, Sweden, don't let their waste go to waste. Every building in the district boasts an array of pneumatic tubes, like larger versions of the ones that whooshed checks from cars to bank tellers back in the day. One tube carries combustible waste to a plant where it is burned to make heat and electricity. Another zips food waste and other biomatter away to be composted and made into fertilizer. Yet another takes recyclables to a sorting facility.


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Santiago del Estero clients can interact with the developers and question them about the web development project before choosing a web application development specialist from our web development company.
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MySQL, SQL Server, Postgre SQL, MongoDB, etc.—are the finest for developing web applications.
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Steps to Hire Web Development experts from our firm are:


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Technology in the 1960's
By AS3207
The LASERThe LASER was invented byTheodore Maiman. It is now used to read blue-ray. LASER is an ancronym and stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
The PDP-1The PDP was the first mini computer on the market. It was short for Programmable Data Processor. It is what started the culture of hacking. it contained the hardware for the first game "Spacewar".
The first robotThis was the first time that a robot was created for the use in a factory. It was used to help manufactre GM cars. It weighed 4,000 pounds.
The first typewriterThe IBM typewriter was made to make writing faster and much neater. It also was used to save paper. It had the same pattern of keys that we use today.
The trans-continental telegraphThe first trans-continental telegraph line was used so that a person could talk across the ocean with a telegraph. It was much more reliable than using a wireless reciever. The United States Postal Service spent 40,000 dollars a year on telegraph lines.
Mariner IIThis sattelite was launched toward Venus with a Motorola transmitter on it. This was so that it could communicate with NASA. This sattelite even had a microwave
Space WarThis was tyhe first game invented for computers. It was invented by Steve Russel. It took 200 hours to write the whole game.
The first cassette tapeThe cassette tape was invented by aguy named Phillip.Thia tape was first made to let people listen to pre-recorded music. they were first sold in Europe.
AT&T SatteliteThis Sattlite was known as the Telstar I. It was the first sattelite for communication. It was sent up by the Thor-Delta.
The first computerized enclypedia.The first computerized enclypedia was made to make life easier for people who didn't like to look up something in a thick book. It was first known as Interpedia. That was because it was on the internet.
AT&T starts monitering callsThis phone was invented to stop people from hacking into other people's phones. They would not have to pay so they got free calling. Many people were caught after the invention of this phone.
The game PongThe home version of the game was first released near christmas time. This was so that more people would buy them for presents. It was sold only through the store Sears.
GPSThis is when the GPS became avaible for commercial use. It was thought up after the sputnik was put in space. This is because it confirmed that they were reliable for everyday use.
"Chase"This is considered th first game that you could play on your TV. This game was invented by a guy named Ralph Baer. He came up with the idea when he was working for a television company.
The first internet sent messageThis was the first time that a letter was sent by the internet. It was at 10:30 pm and it crashed the internet. The letters it sent were"L" and "O".
TrinitronThis was the first moniter that sony made for a computer. It was the first one that gave a lifelike image. It was 25% brighter than most common monitors.
DRAMThe Dynamic Random Acecss Memory or DRAM is the first PC. It is the most commonly found modules in PC. It needs new electricity every few milliseconds.
CompuserveCompuserve is the first online service site. It was made in colombus Ohio. It was consumer information service in the whole world.
Internet to the publicUCLA releases a newspaper telling the world about the internet. The internet was offically started after the first E-Mail. It's first message was sent on a Friday.
The first supercomputerThis computer was invented by Semour Crey. Supercomputers are now used for predicting the weather. It was the CDC 7600.
The First ATMThe first ATM was opened at 9:00 am. It was the first one in the US. It was in Rockville Center New York


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Then, without warning, it was time to pick Beat and Liehann up from the airport. Car packing, lunch, five-hour drive to Southwestern Utah, grocery buying, venue searching, race check-in, camp establishment, tossing open bags of food and bike parts around a Subaru Outback and calling this mess our "pit." We ate stale bagels with sliced cheese for dinner, and just like that it was time for sleep.
"I will ride easy," I thought, "and see what happens." I vowed to spend some time hanging out with Keith and Leslie, but the outside goal was 14 laps.
Beat and I started out riding together and largely stuck together for the entire race. He was riding a singlespeed and would ride away on the dusty climb, but then I'd catch him on the Jem Trail descent, often in the exact same spot. We made up our own hike-a-bike sections when the energy surges required to power over the Slabs of Despair became too much to muster, and joked about how much more we enjoyed the walking at this point. I lamented my relative lack of bike conditioning — a former iron butt that's gone soft and sore, and painful pins-and-needles sensations in my arm from death-gripping the handlebars. I started to become upset about the pain in my arms, only because my legs felt fine and my energy levels were good. I was climbing well and not even all that tired, especially since we started making 30-minute stops in Keith and Leslie's warm trailer once night fell. They cooked baked potatoes, coffee, and quesadillas, and we chatted about their road trip across the American West and all the miserable parts of the course that we hated while defending what a fun race Frog Hollow is — in other words, wasting clock time and soaking up lots of fun energy before we returned to our sad pit at the cold, dark, utterly disorganized Subaru.
My left side was stiff and incredibly sore, blood was gushing out of what looked like a deep gash on the inside of my right knee, and I was demoralized by my stupid crash. I'm just so tired of nursing blunt force injuries. People give me all sorts of well-meaning advice about how I can improve my balance, increase my skills, become less of a hopeless klutz. But sometimes I wonder why we have to fight so hard against our own natures. I am daydreamy and my mind and body aren't always on the same wavelength. Grace and coordination are not talents of mine, but I do try to work on my skills, honestly. Still, I'm a crasher. I'll probably always be a crasher. This is becoming more problematic as I get older.
I effectively walked the last three miles of lap ten, because I wanted no more beatings from the Slabs of Despair. By the time I reached the timing tent, my right leg looked like something out of a cheap horror flick, so I went to the medical truck. The EMT who mopped me up probed the gash and said I would need stitches, but it was 3 a.m. and the nearest hospital was in St. George, 40 minutes away. When I elected to opt out of the E.R. trip, she warned me that pedaling would cause the wound to continually reopen and fill with dust, complicating the possibility of infection right next to my joint. Not worth the risk, no doubt. I was out. Lap ten. 130 miles. And I hadn't even figured out the reasoning behind all of it yet.
But it was fun. The 25 Hours of Frog Hollow is always fun, and I'm grateful that I had the chance spend that time with my friends and still get in a really long, mostly enjoyable ride. Now, three days later, I'm still more sore than I have been in a long while, including after the PTL. My elbow is still stiff and the range of motion seems low, but there's no swelling, so I'm not too worried about that. My sister, who is a nurse, helped assess my wound and it still appears to be free of infection; thanks to past crashes, I've become an expert on keeping a deep wound clean.
I concede that it's been a rough year of racing for me. Neither of my Alaska races went as well as I'd hoped, I had shin splints during my first 50-miler in May, the Bryce 100 was an altitude-induced sick march, I DNF'd the Laurel Highlands 70 one week later, then fell on my face at the San Lorenzo 50K and coped with a knee injury for the better part of six weeks. Then came the PTL, the race that wounded my spirit. With the exception of what will likely be a couple more training 50Ks next month, Frog Hollow was the last race of 2013. Not my lucky year.
But I have much to ponder in the coming weeks as 2014 plans begin to take shape. And in the meantime, I'll keep dreaming about adventure.


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Amanda Jackson, Samantha Coday, Kelly Fernandez, and Rose Abramson win IEEE APEC best presentation awards
Four EECS students in Robert Pilawa-Podgurski's lab have won best presentation awards for papers they presented at the 2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC) in March. Three Technical Lecture Awards were won by: undergraduate EECS student Amanda Jackson for "A Capacitively-Isolated Dual Extended LC-Tank Converter with 50% Two-Phase Operation at Even Conversion Ratios;" graduate student Samantha Coday for "Design and Implementation of a (Flying) Flying Capacitor Multilevel Converter;" and graduate student Kelly Fernandez for "A Charge Injection Loss Compensation Method for a Series-Stacked Buffer to Reduce Current and Voltage Ripple in Single-Phase Systems." Graduate student Rose Abramson won a Technical Dialogue Award for "Core Size Scaling Law of Two-Phase Coupled Inductors — Demonstration in a 48-to-1.8 V MLB-Pol Converter." The Technical Sessions showcased the best, peer-reviewed papers that described "new design ideas" and "innovative solutions" in "all areas of technical interest for the practicing power electronics professional." The dialogue sessions concentrated on papers "with a more specialized focus." APEC is the premier conference in the field of power electronics.


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May 2010 Chevy High Performance Letters - CHP Garage
Related Video
Australian Greetings
Thanks to your magazine, it was the inspiration for the car I'm currently building, a 1983 Holden Commodore. For the motor, I've built a 10.8:1-compression 383 that's topped off with a pair of 64cc Victor Jr. heads and a 750-cfm Holley HP series carb. The cam is solid flat-tappet with 0.518/0.536-inch lift and 290/298 duration. Here in Australia, 98 octane fuel is premium and available everywhere. Thanks for reading this.
Victoria, Australia
B-Body Madness
I noticed in the Shop Talk article in the February 2010 magazine you wanted to know if anyone would want to see B-body builds. Well I can tell you I've been waiting a long time for that, about 12 years. I have an '87 and an '88 Caprice wagon and I love them both. I wouldn't own anything else as a daily driver, in fact the '87 wagon has been taken off the road to become a strip car that is "street legal" (at the right inspection station of course). The '88 I am driving is in amazing condition and it was fully loaded and everything works; even the air conditioning.
The '88 has a ZZ4 with a few mods, a Stage 2 200-4R transmission from BowTie Overdrives, a custom-built driveshaft (blew up the first one), and a 8.5 10-bolt stuffed with a Truetrac with 4.10:1 gears. For rubber, I have P255/70R15s on all four corners.
The '88 is no Corvette but it's by no means a slouch either. Even with a 2,200-stall and the 4.10s at the track, it launches hard at 1,900 rpm. I have always wondered if boxing in the trailing arms or getting tubular ones would stiffen up the ride and either hurt or help the launch. My current best at the dragstrip is 15.3 but that was with a 2.1-sec 60-foot. On that run, I was pulling away from a 14.2-sec Camaro, however when I got to the 1/8-mile the car started to stutter due to a nice hole in the fuel line. Best part is that on the 70-mile ride home at 90 mph I still knocked down 14 mpg.
It also holds a corner better than most people think it can, and the stopping power is unbelievable. I don't really want everyone to know how great these cars are because I thoroughly enjoy spanking those pesky Mustangs with my old, wood-paneled grocery getting tank. But on the other hand, I would really like to see what I can do to improve it or find stuff that I have spent years searching for, like body bushings. Oh yeah, the plan for the '87 wagon is a nice Duramax diesel powerplant, rollcage, tubbed tires, and I'll do whatever it takes to get into the low 10s or high 9s. Thanks for reading my rambles and I hope to see some B-body action soon. Jake Via email
Sounds like you're having fun and that's what it's all about. Thanks for sharing and keep us posted on how your dragstrip terror comes along. That's going to be a sight to see.
Short & Simple
Hey, I am not afraid to burn some rubber in my town and I love my six-speed Imperial Blue 2SS Camaro.
Captain Buck
Via email
Useful Formulas
I've been reading your magazine for years and it's my favorite. I looked at your website today for the first time and wanted to ask; do you have tech type resources available, such as formulas used by racers or hot rodders? I'm looking for various formulas like how much horsepower is required to move X amount of weight down the 1,320 if X gears are used, or how to compute a certain rpm or gear ratio? Do you have a pool of such information that readers can tap into online?
FYI, I'm a 50-year-old man who is a first-time race car builder and trying to make a 2,900-pound '72 Camaro with a 500-horse 355ci small-block, a Muncie four-speed, 10-bolt rear, and 10.5-inch tires to run in the IHRA Hot Rod Eliminator class. I could use all the help/resources available to me.
Ron Obey
Via email
We don't have anything online-for now. However, you've brought up a very relevant topic that we're going to address in an upcoming issue. Keep an eye for it and thanks for the great idea.
Paint & Body
You have been educating and informing the car enthusiast community for some time now. As a longtime supporter, I felt the need to thank you for your unwavering devotion and for all the practical real world information you continue to share. I've personally found your blog especially useful for staying in touch with the topics the public is genuinely interested in. This allows me to better serve them as customers.
I would like to offer my vast knowledge as a resource to you in the area of paint and bodywork. Specifically, inexpensive commercial paint and bodywork services. As a longtime Maaco franchise owner, I paint a tremendous number of cars for all types of people. These people come to me with a host of different cars, needs, and budgets. I know you guys are busy, but I'd like to share information if you need it.
Charles Eric
Via email
We're always up for fresh information and want to thank you for the offer. I have to admit, our annual paint and body issue is coming and we'll have an interesting twist to this one.
Got something to say? We'll make you famous and put your letter here. Email us at email@example.com
New Rockets For Your Ride
Rocket Racing Wheels is introducing three unique styles of wheels for 2010, including the Rocket Launcher, Igniter, and Velocity series. Shown here is the one-piece alloy Rocket Velocity that features a traditional outer lip and split spoke design. For more information, check out Rocket Racing at rocketracingwheels.com.
Rooster Call
Sean Haggai
By the time most of us have reached adulthood, common sense would have been welded into our brains. Most of us have realized some basic things that never change. These situations remain constant no matter what the outcome. For example, the sun will always rise from the East in the morning and set in the West. We vote for a new president every four years. Light switches turn things on and off. And for the most part, trees remain as stationary objects unless they're cut down. However, in my older brother's case, he must have known all but the latter. In his view of the world and schooling over the years, when trees witness a snowboarder ripping down the mountain they "usually" uproot themselves and side-step clear out of the way. This version of my brother's knowledge-base didn't occur though. He hit that tree. He hit that tree hard. He hit that tree so hard when he became conscious and tried to stand he failed-big time.
Unbeknownst to me, my older brother was being towed down Mammoth Mountain by a paramedic snowmobile-strapped to a board. The text message from my mother said it all, "Your brother probably broke the femur bone in his leg on the mountain ... they are taking him to the hospital right now." As I called to find out more of the situation, my mother answered the phone extremely upset. Until we knew more, there was nothing we could do but sit and wait. Luckily for us, Mammoth Mountain is only about five to six hours away. Our worst fears were confirmed as his X-ray image showed a clean break.
During a two and half hour surgery, doctors entered through his knee to minimize scaring, tissue and muscle damage in the leg and inserted a titanium rod with pins from his knee to the hip. While I'm biting my lip to lay into him and tease him about becoming some sort of bionic-man with a robot leg, I was relieved to hear that he was OK and was even walking the next day. My friends and I can't wait to visit him while making hydraulic/electronic-servo-like sounds as we all enter imitating Terminator. Yeah, it's safe to say my brother found out the hard way that trees don't move on their own. I wonder if he can crush cars now?
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By Sarah Byrnes
What do Resilience Circle members think of Occupy Wall Street?
"I think they're crazy for sleeping in the rain," says Carol Poole, a member of my Circle in Boston. Carole is 78 and has been running our church's Food Pantry with her husband for 30 years. "But they are definitely doing something good."
"Somebody's got to get the word out, and the more attention to these issues, the better," adds Ann LeBlanc, a food pantry volunteer who is unemployed. "People need food, they need jobs, and health insurance. This is one way to get people to talk about these issues."
Travis Bonpietro, a Circle facilitator from Gorham, ME, is currently camping at Occupy DC. "We take care of each other, and try to truly hear each other," he says of Occupy DC. "In a way, it's like a giant Resilience Circle!"
Travis urges Resilience Circle members to visit Occupations. "Members of Resilience Circles have a lot of experience actually discussing the issues of our day," he says. "That can be a huge contribution to the movement we're building."
When Resilience Circles talk about social action – in Session 6 out of 7 in the curriculum – we talk about building a new economy with well-connected and vibrant communities, true democratic decision-making procedures, and resource-allocation that respects the earth's limits.
This discussion is based on what we learn about the limits and problems inherent to the "old" economy – such as how it siphons wealth to the 1% at the expense of everyone else.
Resilience Circle members are excited to see message being amplified by Occupy Wall Street. "It's about time we all got together after 30 years of diverting money to the wealthiest people, and letting our country go rotten," says Thomas Atwood, a facilitator in the Bay Area. Thomas is featured in this video about Occupy Palo Alto made by two other Circle facilitators, Aaron Castle and Candace Anderson.
More importantly, we talk about social action as something members might do as a group, not just as isolated individuals. The curriculum takes its time getting to this stage, letting people get to know each other and find ways to help each other. This creates a firsthand experience of solidarity. From there, groups talk about how to "change the rules" and make a better world.
Occupy takes that understanding of social change and magnifies it to a huge scale. The movement is letting relationships take shape before jumping into demands or solutions. And as many have pointed out, its participatory lifestyle prefigures the world it wants to create.
Still, it's essential to get to Session 6 and social action eventually. "I understand that the movement is taking its time to find its voice and its message," says a Resilience Circle organizer in North Carolina. "That's smart and appropriate. But I also hope it can embrace mature forms of democracy, leadership, and delegation. That's going to be critical to get the most out of all this amazing energy."
As the volunteers at the Food Pantry make clear, the challenges we face are huge. To address them, we need a strong, smart movement.
"You see people coming in for food, and the pain on their faces just breaks your heart," says Mary Mahony, another volunteer. "For most of them, you know it's embarrassing to even be here. How bad it must be for them to ask for help."
I ask if they think Occupy will benefit the people served by the Food Pantry.
Ann hesitates. "It takes a long time to see a direct impact," she says. "Changes have to go through so much bureaucracy."
"This economy is so out of hand," says Carole. "I don't know what will help at this point. I had a man come in to the pantry today who hasn't eaten in four days. I give out 56 bags of food per day now, it used to be 11 or 12."
But Travis and others think there's reason to hope, and they're putting their lives and bodies on the line to make it happen. "I quit two jobs to be here, dropped two classes, and will have to fail two more," he says.
Is it worth the sacrifice? "Absolutely," he says. "I'm sick of just talking, I'm so excited to be doing something. This movement is having a real impact on the things we hold dear – like equality, and opportunity, and real democracy. That's what Occupy means to me, and that's why I'm here."
Sacrifice, relationship-building, real discussion. We don't know the answer yet, but the potential for lasting change looks bright.
Travis will be sleeping at Occupy Maine all winter. Contact Sarah Byrnes if you want to help him buy some sub-zero gear.
Photo credit: Chris Wieland, Creative Commons license, via Post Carbon Institute.


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To view original article click here
The Seattle Times
By LINDA A. JOHNSON, AP Business Writer
published Friday, February 1, 2013 at 2:27 PM
TRENTON, N.J. (AP) – The maker of Zoloft is being sued in an unusual case alleging the popular antidepressant has no more benefit than a dummy pill and that patients who took it should be reimbursed for their costs.
Zoloft's maker, Pfizer Inc., the world's biggest drugmaker by revenue, disputes the claim, telling The Associated Press Thursday that clinical studies and the experience of millions of patients and their doctors over two decades prove Zoloft is effective.
The lawsuit was described as frivolous by Pfizer and four psychiatry experts interviewed by The AP.
Not so, according to plaintiff Laura A. Plumlee, who says Zoloft didn't help her during three years of treatment. Her attorney, R. Brent Wisner of the Los Angeles firm Baum Hedlund Aristei Goldman, argues the Food and Drug Administration shouldn't have approved Zoloft because Pfizer didn't publish some clinical studies that found the drug about as effective as a placebo.
"It's about Pfizer deliberately withholding this information from consumers and then advertising this drug as very effective," Wisner said.
The suit accuses Pfizer of consumer fraud and other offenses, including quietly paying prominent doctors to tout Zoloft to colleagues or to be listed as authors of positive medical journal articles the company prepared for publication. New York-based Pfizer did not specifically respond to those allegations.
"Pfizer believes the lawsuit filed in California is groundless and is based largely on information … that has been widely criticized by many experts in the mental health field," the company said in a statement provided to The AP. It said the FDA approved Zoloft in 1991 after reviewing "efficacy and safety data from more than 20 clinical studies involving more than 5,000 patients."
The president-elect of the American Psychiatric Association, Dr. Jeffrey Lieberman, said the lawsuit's claims are "ridiculous" and without merit.
"As a class, antidepressant medications are highly effective. They alleviate substantial amounts, if not complete symptoms, in 50 to as high as 80 percent of patients treated who suffer from major depression," Lieberman said.
He stressed the medicines must be given at the proper dose, usually for several weeks to months, to get the full benefit. Also, patients should not stop taking any antidepressant without consulting their doctor.
Dr. Norman Sussman, a psychiatry professor at NYU School of Medicine, said for any given patient, there's only about a 35 percent chance a particular antidepressant will help.
Patients may have to try a few to find one that works for them, due to differences in patients' brains and the structure of the drug molecules.
Also, antidepressants tend to help severely depressed patients far more than people with mild depression or those who are temporarily blue from troubles such as a relative dying, rather than chemical imbalances in the brain.
The lawsuit, filed Wednesday in federal court in San Jose, Calif., asks a judge to approve two class-action cases, one for California residents who took Zoloft and one for all U.S. users.
It asks the judge to order Pfizer to correct "misleading" information in Zoloft's package insert and refund everything California patients paid for Zoloft. Consumer fraud laws differ from state to state, so if Wisner wins the case, he said he'll likely sue in other states.
Two law school professors, Benjamin Zipursky at Fordham University and Carl Tobias of the University of Richmond, said Plumlee's suit might end up being dismissed based on a decade-old Supreme Court ruling that plaintiffs can't recover alleged damages by claiming a company defrauded the FDA to get a drug approved. Zipursky said the lawsuit stresses that consumers were harmed financially, so it could get approved as a class action.
"Federal courts have taken different views as to … whether you can use a federal lawsuit to second-guess the FDA," he added.
Drugmakers frequently are sued by patients claiming a medicine harmed them and lawyers alleging companies hid medicine risks from the public. Federal and state prosecutors regularly sue drugmakers for overcharging government health programs, marketing drugs for unapproved uses and other criminal or civil offenses.
But a lawsuit claiming a drug doesn't work, so patients should get their money back, might be a first, experts said.
The case also is unusual because Zoloft has had cheap generic competition since 2006, so it's no longer advertised, and little brand-name Zoloft is sold.
The lawsuit opens a window into the ongoing debate about just how effective and safe the many newer-generation antidepressants are – drugs including the huge blockbusters Zoloft, Prozac, Paxil and Effexor.
These medicines, approved starting in the late 1980s, were thought to have less-dangerous side effects than early antidepressants. Over time, the newer antidepressants were increasingly prescribed by primary care doctors, not just psychiatrists.
Pharmaceutical companies marketed the drugs heavily, with very-positive ads targeting consumers. Millions, many with just mild or temporary depression, asked their family doctor for a prescription. Sales grew steadily, declined for several years when the drugs were linked to suicidal thoughts, then rose again the last few years.
Today, antidepressants are the ninth-most popular type of prescription medicine, with annual sales topping $20 billion worldwide, according to health data firm IMS Health.
Plumlee, 49, said in an exclusive interview that she took Zoloft from 2005 through 2008, while her doctor repeatedly increased the dose. He "swore it was working," but she felt it didn't help. Frustrated, and having gained 50 pounds as a side effect, the Watsonville, Calif., homemaker and mother of two teenagers quit Zoloft cold turkey and was hospitalized for six days with flu-like withdrawal symptoms.
"I kind of had a breakdown," she said. "I just felt like I couldn't hope."
Four years later, Plumlee saw a "60 Minutes" news program in which the key expert witness since hired for her case, Irving Kirsch, said his research on antidepressants indicated most improvement in depressed patients was from the placebo effect. That's the benefit most patients get from believing a medicine works and from having doctors and nurses caring for them.
Kirsch, associate director of Harvard Medical School's Program in Placebo Studies, has published a book and several medical journal articles on the effect. With colleagues, he reviewed numerous studies of popular antidepressants, including unpublished studies obtained using the Freedom of Information Act.
"The difference between drug and placebo is very small," below the level that benefits patients, Kirsch concluded.
He said Pfizer produced two studies showing Zoloft worked better than placebo – the FDA's requirement for approval – but most Zoloft studies showed its effect was the same as a placebo.
Dr. Michael Thase, who heads the mood and anxiety disorders program at the University of Pennsylvania's medical school, said research by others using the same unpublished studies concluded antidepressants have "a modest effect over placebo," on average about 15 percentage points.
That's partly because the rate of study participants improving when they're taking a placebo has been rising, said New York University's Sussman.
Why? Back in the 1970s and `80s, patients in clinical trials were generally hospitalized with severe depression. More recent trials mainly include outpatients – many with milder depression and so more likely to feel the placebo effect.
Plumlee, who watched the "60 Minutes" program, saw it as proof she'd been right about Zoloft.
"It made me angry that … I had to be depressed for three extra years," said Plumlee, who's now doing much better with a new psychiatrist and different medication.


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CHCCS Exceptional Children
The mission of the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools is to ensure that all students acquire the knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes to achieve their learning potential. In that spirit, our programs are designed to support students with disabilities as they acquire academic, social, and functional skills. We support the policy of moderate inclusion, so that even students with the most severe disabilities spend time with typically developing peers. We serve students from 3 through 21 years of age.
CHCCS Contact EC Department
Teonaka Daye, M.S., S.S.P.Director of Psychological and Support Services(919) 967-8211 x28307Michelle Watson-Grant, Ed.D.Director of Instructional Services, Exceptional Children(919) 967-8211 x28352David BouldinExceptional Children Director of Compliance(919) 967-8211 x28267Thomas BrittonEC Executive Secretary/Bookkeeper(919) 967-8211 x28206
Exceptional Children Departmental Organizational Structure
CHCCS Exceptional Children General Questions
For general questions or if you believe your child might be in need of special education and/or related services, you should contact your school administration or exceptional children program facilitator.
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is the law that ensures a free appropriate public education is available for eligible children with disabilities throughout the nation. Additionally, it ensures special education and related services are available for those identified children. Children and youth ages three through 21 receive special education and related services under IDEA.


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QUESTION: Is self help, media-based therapy effective for managing behaviour problems in children and adolescents?
Data sources
Studies were identified by searching Biological Abstracts, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, Medline, SPECTR, PsycLIT, and Sociofile in 1999; scanning reference lists of articles; and contacting authors.
Study selection
Studies were selected if they were randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of self help, media based (eg, audiotape, book, computer, manual, videotape, or some combination of these) behavioural therapy for parents or caregivers of children or adolescents with behavioural disorders.
Data extraction
Data were extracted on patients, interventions, and outcomes. Authors were contacted to obtain missing data. The reviewer assessed the quality of study methods.
Main results
9 studies (1 unpublished; 7 randomised, 2 quasi-randomised) met the selection criteria. Follow up ranged from 6 weeks to 2.5 years. Sample sizes ranged from 32 to 160 participants. Sleep problems: 2 studies showed that conventional and booklet treatments were each effective for sleep problems in children. Enuresis: 1 study compared 3 groups: filmed training of behavioural instructions, live training, and a waiting list control. The face to face group had better outcomes than the film group. Another study compared 3 treatments: a urine alarm, a urine alarm plus instructions for parents to immediately reinforce the child awakening and using the toilet upon hearing the alarm, and a urine alarm plus instructions for parents to reinforce the child in the morning for a dry night. At 2.5 years, the treatment success rate was higher for immediate reinforcement than for a urine alarm alone. Pooled results for these 2 studies showed no difference in relapse or treatment failure rates. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: 1 small study (n=32) compared a booklet of behavioural management advice plus methylphenidate with methylphenidate alone, but 10 participants dropped out. Conduct disorder: 1 study compared 4 groups: individually administered videotape modelling, group discussion videotape modelling (1 video weekly), group discussion only, and a waiting list control for {10–12 wks}*. All 3 treatment groups showed fewer behaviour problems, more prosocial behaviours, and less spanking than the control group. Another study by the same authors showed that adding 2 hours of therapist time to an individually administered videotape parenting programme enhanced its effectiveness.
In children with behaviour problems, self help, media based behaviour therapy is more effective than no treatment. Results are inconclusive for comparisons with usual care or when added to medication.
*Webster-Stratton C, Kolpacoff M, Hollinsworth T. Self-administered videotape therapy for families with conduct-problem children: comparison with two cost-effective treatments and a control group. J Consult Clin Psychol 1988;56:558–66.
Montgomery's systematic review presents the current evidence on the effectiveness of media based behavioural interventions for an array of child behavioural problems and reveals a paucity of randomised studies. An extensive search identified 1089 citations, but only 9 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 5 had adequate allocation concealment. The heterogeneity of the studies impeded comparative analysis. Vast differences existed in sample characteristics (eg, cognitive ability and age), behavioural conditions (eg, enuresis and conduct disorder), and media format (eg, audiotape, manual, or videotape). Although Montgomery concluded that media based interventions are clinically effective in improving child behavioural outcomes for specific cases, little evidence supports a unique effect when media interventions are combined with other treatments. Stronger evidence on specific media based interventions and child behavioural conditions is required before making decisions that influence practice.
Nurses in schools, child health clinics, and parenting classes are strategically poised to promote positive child behaviour and parenting. Media based approaches may be most appropriate for treatment of modifiable conditions such as sleep and enuresis problems. Video interventions may be especially suited to promote behaviour change as they have potential to provide information in a motivational and supportive manner while also augmenting face to face strategies. Early evidence suggests that video format is effective for nursing interventions such as promoting extended, long term breastfeeding among adolescent mothers.1 Research is necessary to guide the development of professional media based interventions and establish effectiveness for specific child and parent outcomes. Ultimately, it will be essential to determine the unique effect of a particular media production compared with the support and expertise of the nurse and/or healthcare professional.
Source of funding: National Health Services Executive Anglia and Oxford, UK.
For correspondence: Mr P Montgomery, University Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Park Hospital for Children, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LQ, UK. Fax +44 (0)1865 762 358.
A modified version of this abstract appears in Evidence-Based Mental Health.


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Facebook and Twitter are the Jackie and Marilyn of social networks. Diametrically opposed but both enormously popular, Facebook is for sharing with a closed group of friends and Twitter is for short, intensely public announcements. But Facebook is creeping into Twitter's turf, tinkering with settings to encourage more public communication.
And according to the Wall Street Journal and AllThingsD, Facebook is adopting one of Twitter's most iconic features – the hashtag.
On Twitter, people use the hashtag – the "#" sign, if you're new to this – in a few different ways. It was initially conceived as a way to label your tweets, so you could find people interested in discussing the same topic. As Twitter describes it to new users, the hashtag "is used to mark keywords or topics in a Tweet. It was created organically by Twitter users as a way to categorize messages." And people still use it this way, which is obvious whenever a major event goes on – just look up #Oscars or #Superbowl, or this week, #Pope. But people also use the hashtag for punchlines, for emphasis, to denote irony, and for countless other reasons. It's become a versatile, genuinely useful, and fun tool that the Internet has put its stamp all over.
The hashtag has been adopted by other social platforms for search and discovery purposes, and it's a simple yet elegant mechanism for these purposes. Instagram and Vine both rely on the function (although, this is unsurprising given that Twitter owns the latter of the two). But Facebook has held out, relying on the "@" tag – also, for discovery purposes, this is fairly limited. It also means that uses who push their tweets and Instagrams to Facebook are pushing content that doesn't maintain its function, and … well, looks stupid. And now, it's sounding like Facebook is going to play catch up and start acknowledging the hashtag.
Clearly, the social network has no intentions of resting on its laurels, and has introduced a number of substantial projects in the past few months. It debuted a redesigned, image-oriented NewsFeed, which Mark Zuckerberg described as a "personalized newspaper." And the Graph Search project enters Facebook into the search engine foray and situates the social network as a proper Google challenger.
So the decision to lift one of Twitter's most beloved features shouldn't come as a surprise, since Facebook is moving away from intimate conversations and trying to get users to engage more publicly. The hashtag may be Facebook's way of encouraging users to make their status updates public and searchable instead of hidden behind privacy settings.
But don't get too excited – the unnamed sources that spoke to the WSJ said "It is unclear how far along Facebook's work on the hashtag is and the feature isn't likely to be introduced imminently." So if you're dying to use hashtags, stick with Twitter and Instagram for now.
Editors' Recommendations
- Facebook's rebrand isn't quite as drastic as Twitter's
- Instagram's new camera feature, Create Mode, isn't for taking photos or video
- Facebook tries to demystify your news feed with built-in transparency tool


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(originally posted on the Rutgers YouTube Channel on Jan 15, 2013)
In an era of globalization everybody talks about diversity, but how much do you actually know about human nature and human diversity?
Why is there so much diversity in sex and gender, race, diet, morality and norms, political views, religious beliefs, and cognition, perceptions, and emotions? Is this just human nature? Are there any universals in human nature? What explanations are offered by evolutionary psychology; environmental variability and cultural materialism; gene-culture co-evolution and the tribal instincts hypothesis; and social construction theories? Do cognitive and perceptual diversity create impenetrable barriers between people?
How should we respond to human diversity and the moral controversies that specific diversities generate? Should we respond from a position of moral objectivity, cultural relativism, or moral skepticism? What is the role of reason, emotion, and intuition in moral judgment?
This course is particularly recommended for students who intend to pursue majors or minors in area studies, languages, Anthropology, Art History, Biological Sciences, Cognitive Science, Communication, Comparative Literature, Criminal Justice, English, History, Philosophy Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, and Women's and Gender Studies. This course carries credit toward the major and minor in Philosophy.
For more information visit: http://sas.rutgers.edu/signature


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2011 AMA Flat Track
Screamin Eagle Harley-Davidson Factory rider Kenny Coolbeth placed seventh as the AMA Pro Harley-Davidson Insurance Flat Track Championship made a thrilling return to the Sacramento Mile at the Cal Expo Center.
Fasthog.com/American Harley-Davidson rider Bryan Smith won the race by just 0.042 seconds after a long battle with Chris Carr on the American Motorcyclist Association Harley-Davidson XR750. Zanotti Racing /Schaeffer`s Harley-Davidson rider Jake Johnson was third, also aboard a Harley-Davidson XR750.
Once a regular feature of the Grand National schedule, the famed "Sacto Mile" at the Cal Expo Center had not hosted a Grand National Twins event since 1999. The return of the AMA Pro flat trackers drew a capacity crowd.
Coolbeth started the 25-lap main with the lead pack, running in third position behind Carr and Johnson in the early going. Carr and Johnson opened a gap and battled back and forth for the lead, passing and re-passing on each lap.
On lap 16, Smith caught the leaders and split the pair, and engaged Carr in a back-and-forth battle over the closing laps, with Johnson lurking close behind in third. Carr appeared to set up Smith for a drafting pass to the finish, but spun his rear wheel slightly coming out of turn four. Smith was just able to hold off Carr, who won the last Grand National race in Sacramento in 1999.
Johnson finished third, 0.223 seconds behind Smith. Rogers Lake/Blue Springs Harley-Davidson rider Jared Mees was fourth, followed by series points leader Sammy Halbert on the Kings Kustom/White's Harley-Davidson XR750. Coolbeth closed out the race in a battle with Brad Baker on the Lloyd Brothers Motorsports/TeamHurtByAccident.com Ducati. Baker beat Coolbeth to the line by just 0.003 seconds to take sixth place. Johnson also won the four-lap Dash for Cash bonus sprint.
After 12 of 21 rounds in the 2011 AMA Pro Harley-Davidson Insurance Flat Track Championship, Halbert has 222 points with Johnson and Mees tied for second place with 218. Coolbeth is fourth with 188 points.
The next race on the AMA Grand National Twins schedule is Aug. 27 on the Indy Mile at the Indiana State Fairgrounds in Indianapolis.


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21 Jul Tree
1. From Mountain pose, bend the right knee shifting all the weight into the left leg. Turn the right knee to the right wall resting the heel against the left leg.
2. Look down at the floor and stare at one point. Slowly slide the right foot up the left leg, only as high up as you can maintain your balance. When you are balanced here, slowly bring the palms together, prayer position in front of the heart.
3. Keep staring at your focal point on the floor. Keep the left leg strong pressing the foot into the floor. Keep the right knee bent 90 degrees towards the side wall. The shoulders are down and back and the chest is pressing forward.
4. If you are very balanced here, try the next stage by inhaling the arms over the head. The arms are in an H position, or the palms are together with the thumbs crossed, or the fingers are interlaced with the index finger pointed up. The fingers are reaching up and the shoulders are down and back.
5. Breathe and hold for 4-8 breaths.
6. To release: slowly exhale the arms down and then release the legs back into mountain.
7. Repeat on the other side.
Benefits: Tree pose increases balance, focus, memory and concentration and strengthens the ankles and knees.