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American Physical Society Sites|APS|Journals|Physics Magazine
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This image shows a two-dimensional granular experiment using bidisperse photo-elastic disks. Starting from a stress-free state, a box is filled with discs. The packing is disordered, and initially, any disc contacts are weak. These discs were subjected to pure shear deformation. The discs were squeezed vertically while being expanded with equal displacement horizontally, so that the total area remained fixed.
The response to the shear is that the unconnected discs formed a network of `force chains'. Within the chains, the shear also led to increased pressure and shear stress. Following each deformation step, contact forces between individual disks were determined from the resulting color changes in the discs, as shown in the images below.
Aspects of this project are funded by NSF grant DMR0555431 and ARO grant W911NF-07-1-0131-00. Collaborators include Jie Zhang, Trushant Majmudar, and Bob Behringer, all at Duke University.
This image was displayed at the APS March Meeting, New Orleans, as part of the 2008 Topical Group on Statistical and Nonlinear Physics Gallery of Nonlinear Images.
The 'force chains' and the contact force color patterns can both be seen in this photograph. In the larger image, it is easy to see how the discs formed chains during shear. In the detail image (left) of the same photograph, the force patterns are clear. Particles carrying more than average force are brighter. A lighter color signifies contact and the darker, original color indicates no contact. See video of discs forming chains during shear.

subset: commoncrawl


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Difference between revisions of "2015 Invited Speakers Nominations"
(Adding a keynote speaker recommendation.)
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==Sarah Jeong==
==Sarah Jeong==
(from [http://sarahjeong.net/about/ here]:) Freshly-minted Harvard Law J.D. and writer. Co-author of [http://five.usefularticl.es/ Five Useful Articles] (ed: a weekly newsletter about intellectual property). I care about justice, the free flow of information, and using the free flow of information to enact justice. Other people would summarize this as "interested in feminism, antiracism, and also technology, copyright, and privacy for some reason."
(from [http://sarahjeong.net/about/ here]:) Freshly-minted Harvard Law J.D. and writer. Co-author of [http://five.usefularticl.es/ Five Useful Articles] (ed: a weekly newsletter about intellectual property). I care about justice, the free flow of information, and using the free flow of information to enact justice. Other people would summarize this as "interested in feminism, antiracism, and also technology, copyright, and privacy for some reason."
[http://sarahjeong.net/about/ Sarah Jeong]
[http://sarahjeong.net/about/ Sarah Jeong]
==Christie Koehler==
==Christie Koehler==
Revision as of 20:56, 24 September 2014
Nominations for invited speakers/keynotes for Code4Lib 2015. Please include a description and any relevant links and try to keep the list in alphabetical order.
Please follow the formatting guidelines:
== Nominee's Name == Description of no more than 250 words. [[Link(s) with contact information for nominee]]
- 1 Amelia C. Abreu
- 2 Chris Bourg
- 3 danah boyd
- 4 Deborah Bryant
- 5 Kimberly Bryant
- 6 Trevor A. Dawes
- 7 Selena Deckelmann
- 8 Sally Deffor
- 9 Cory Doctorow
- 10 Limor Fried
- 11 Rebecca Garcia
- 12 Sarah Jeong
- 13 Charles Knutson
- 14 Christie Koehler
- 15 Mark Matienzo
- 16 Bethany Nowviskie
- 17 Jennifer O'Neal
- 18 Bess Sadler
- 19 Dorothea Salo
- 20 Rob Sanderson
- 21 Jer Thorp
- 22 Zeynep Tufekci
- 23 Kim Christen Withey
- 24 Kam Woods
- 25 Andromeda Yelton
- 26 Kortney Ziegler
- 27 Shauna Gordon-McKeon
Amelia C. Abreu
Amelia Abreu lives in Portland, OR and works as a UX researcher. She is a PhD candidate at University of Washington's School of Information, where her dissertation research looks at the social aspects of data collection. Much of her recent writing, such as for Model View Culture and Medium, addresses the intersection between UX, data collection, communities, and gender. Before starting her PhD program, Amelia worked as an archivist, a librarian, and a writer.
Chris Bourg
Chris Bourg is Assistant University Librarian (AUL) for Public Services for the Stanford University Libraries, serves on the Steering Committee for Taiga Forum, and is a sociologist by training. She blogs at Feral Librarian.
danah boyd
danah boyd is a Principal Researcher at Microsoft Research, a Research Assistant Professor in Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University, and a Fellow at Harvard's Berkman Center. She has done groundbreaking work on youth culture, particularly as impacted by social media and the internet in general. She has been addressing gender issues and technology since her work as an undergraduate at Brown.
Deborah Bryant
Deborah Bryant's lives in Portland and is Red Hat's Senior Director Open Source and Standards. Her experience is broad and deep (LinkedIn and bio. Her work with open source adoption in government would make her qualified to give us advice on how to push things within the institutions that we work in.
Kimberly Bryant
Biomedical/Engineering professional and founder of Black Girls Code, an organization dedicated to bringing more WOC to technology and computer science. She gave a keynote at LibTechConf in 2012, if you want to see what type of work she has been doing with BGC. They are also working on launching a companion group, Black Boys Code.
Trevor A. Dawes
Associate University Librarian, Washington University Libraries
(Taken from his WUSTL web page) Trevor A. Dawes is an Associate University Librarian at Washington University in St. Louis, where he's responsible for research services (librarians with subject liaison responsibilities, the departmental libraries/librarians, and library outreach), as well as scholarly communications, collections and acquisitions, and preservation. He was previously the Circulation Services Director at the Princeton University Library, and prior to that held several positions at the Columbia University Libraries in NYC. He has worked with staff in developing and providing training for various public service operations; has authored, co-authored, or edited several books and articles on a variety of topics; and has either planned or presented at various local, national and international conferences. His new co-edited volume on the role of access services in the success of an academic library will be published by ACRL in the summer 2013. Since 2006, Dawes has been an instructor in the MSLIS program at the iSchool at Drexel University. Dawes earned his MLS from Rutgers University, and has two additional Master's Degrees from Teachers College, Columbia University. He is an active member of the American Library Association and is the 2013-2014 President of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL).
Selena Deckelmann
Selena Deckelmann lives in Portland, and is a major contributor to PostgreSQL and a data architect at Mozilla. She's one of The Ada Initiative advisors. She's a very experienced speaker and looks like an interesting speaker (Ignite Portland talk on election rigging in Nigeria) It looks like she's on an email sabbatical but it shouldn't be too hard to figure out how to get in touch with her. According to the internet, she also raises chickens.
Sally Deffor
From this page: Sally works part-time as the Project Coordinator for the Open Data & Privacy project. She is a former Google Policy Fellow who supported the development of some initiatives on Creative Commons, Open Access and OSS at the Kofi Annan ICT Centre. She has also worked as a communications specialist with the Tax Justice Network (Africa) and the USAID/ICFG (Ghana). She currently lives in Preston (UK) where she is finishing a PhD at UCLan, looking at the digital practices of online news-making. She also spends some time volunteering in her local community.
Cory Doctorow
Cory is a blogger and co-editor of Boing Boing. He writes often and eloquently on intellectual property, privacy, and digital rights management, among other things. He has really smart things to say about general purpose computing (or lack thereof). He's also a speculative fiction writer.
Limor Fried
Open source hardware hacker. Founded Adafruit Industries. Adafruit designs and sells open source electronic kits as well as provides a space online to learn about making, wearables, and microcomputers. Fried was awarded the Pioneer Award by the Electronic Frontier Foundation in 2009, the Most Influential Women in Technology award by Fast Company in 2011, and was named "Entrepreneur of the Year" in 2012 by Entrepreneur magazine. You can read more about her on her Wikipedia article. Limor Fried
Rebecca Garcia
Rebecca is the Co-founder of CoderDojo NYC, a non-profit teaching youth to code. In 2013 she was awarded as a U.S. White House 'Champion of Change' for Tech Inclusion for her work to bring STEM education to underrepresented groups, especially youth and women.
Previously she was a Developer at Do Something, the largest non-profit for youth and social change, and CTO of Greatist, a health, fitness and wellness media startup. Currently she is a Developer Evangelist at Squarespace, empowering people to build their ideas on the web.
Sarah Jeong
(from here:) Freshly-minted Harvard Law J.D. and writer. Co-author of Five Useful Articles (ed: a weekly newsletter about intellectual property). I care about justice, the free flow of information, and using the free flow of information to enact justice. Other people would summarize this as "interested in feminism, antiracism, and also technology, copyright, and privacy for some reason."
Charles Knutson
Dr. Charles D. Knutson is an Associate Professor in the Computer Science Department of Brigham Young University and Director of the BYU SEQuOIA Lab where he conducts empirical research in software engineering, focusing on the dynamics of open source software construction. He is the Founder and Chairman of Kinpoint, Inc. a genealogy software company, Founder and Chairman of the non-profit Internet Safety Project, and host of the Internet Safety Podcast. He is the author of 130 publications and has delivered nearly 120 presentations around the world on topics including data communications, software engineering, Internet safety, and family history. Dr. Knutson holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Oregon State University and B.S. and M.S. degrees in Computer Science from Brigham Young University. He was the recipient of the 2013 BYU Technology Transfer Award. Dr. Knutson is the Founder and Managing Partner of Ironwood Experts, where he has served as an expert witness in patent litigation cases for clients including Apple, Amazon, Comcast, Expedia, Novell, Microsoft, and Vizio.
Christie Koehler
Portland-based experienced open culture advocate, community organizer, computer programmer, writer and speaker. Co-chair of the annual Open Source Bridge conference, a co-founder and President of the Stumptown Syndicate, a technology education non-profit, and run both Code N Splode and Women Who Hack, user groups for women in technology. In 2012, she was recognized with an O'Reilly Open Source Award.
Last keynoted at the Wikiconference USA and wrote a book on Community Event planning.
from here: Christie's website
Mark Matienzo
(contributed by kayiwa:) Mark is the director of Technology at DPLA. He is however much more than that. He has worked tirelessly as an archivist and technologist solving many problems in the library domain. While his leadership style shows up through service, it is time to actually listen to him for more than his oft moving 5 minute Lightning Talks.
(My stock bio:) "Mx (Mark) A. Matienzo is the Director of Technology for the Digital Public Library of America. Prior to joining DPLA, Matienzo worked as an archivist and technologist specializing in born-digital materials and metadata management, at institutions including the Yale University Library, The New York Public Library, and the American Institute of Physics, and on award-winning projects such as the ArchivesSpace open source archival management system and AIMS - Born Digital Collections: An Inter-Institutional Model for Stewardship. Matienzo received a MSI from the University of Michigan School of Information and a BA in Philosophy from the College of Wooster, and was the first awardee (2012) of the Emerging Leader Award of the Society of American Archivists."
Bethany Nowviskie
From her web site: "Nowviskie is Director of Digital Research & Scholarship (including the Scholars' Lab) at the University of Virginia Library, Special Advisor to UVa's Provost, a CLIR Distinguished Presidential Fellow, and immediate Past President of the ACH. Her muse, according to Willard McCarty, "is one angry B."...Last year's major events included: chairing the Digital Humanities conference, a keynote on the Scholars' Lab in Tokyo, an invited talk on digital materiality at the MLA Convention's Presidential Forum; various Neatline workshops, and a stint as a Lansdowne Visiting Scholar at UVic in Canada. I continue to teach at UVa's Rare Book School, and will give a only small number of talks this academic year, on a "New Deal" for the humanities and the imperatives of DH in the Anthropocene." Bethany Nowviskie
Jennifer O'Neal
Jennifer R. O'Neal is the Corrigan Solari University Historian and Archivist at the University of Oregon Special Collections and Archives, where she manages the University Archives collections, oversees the department's instruction program, and serves as an advisor on tribal community projects. From 2008 to 2012, she served as the Head Archivist for the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, and has held prior positions at the U.S. Department of State, Princeton University, University of Arizona, and Utah State University. She serves on various groups in the Society of American Archivists, including the Native American Archives Roundtable and the Cultural Heritage Working Group. In 2006 she participated in drafting the best practices for the respectful care and use of Native American archival materials, which produced the Protocols for Native American Archival Materials. She currently serves on the Advisory Board for the Association of Tribal Archives, Libraries, and Museums. Most recently, she served as an instructor for the Oregon Tribal Archives Institute at Oregon State University. Her research interests include international indigenous activism, cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, intellectual property rights, digital humanities, and indigenous use of new media and technology. She is also a member of the The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde in Oregon.
Bess Sadler
is manager of a software engineering team at Stanford University Library. She writes open source software and spends a lot of time on Free and Open Source Software projects like Project Blacklight and Project Hydra.
firstname.lastname@example.com about: [1]
Dorothea Salo
Academic librarian and library-school instructor whose interests include metadata and linked data, scholarly communication, research-data management, and digital preservation. Recent talks include Don't Make Me Think at Digital Frontiers 2014 and The Purple Squirrel (and other damaging technology myths) at the Conference on Law School Computing.
Rob Sanderson
Rob Sanderson is the Technical Collaboration Facilitator at Stanford, and has played a leadership role in the development and publication of the IIIF Image and Presentation APIs, W3C Open Annotation, and Shared Canvas specs. This standards-based work is a critical prerequisite to developing next generation open source, cross-institutional tools for interacting with linked data and digitized content. Rob can convey (in a cool British [sic, edit: kiwi] accent) how to get better results when it comes to technical collaboration in libraries. Rob Sanderson
Jer Thorp
(from here:) Jer Thorp is a data artist whose work focuses on adding narrative meaning to huge amounts of data. In other words, he makes data more human. Through cutting edge data visualization techniques, Thorp helps people and corporations take control of the information that surrounds them, using technology and data as a new way to tell stories. Originally from Vancouver, Jer lives in New York City, where he teaches in NYU's ITP program. To investigate the results of Big Data, Thorp helped launch [The Office for Creative Research http://o-c-r.org/abstract/] with his peers. From 2010-2012, he was the Data Artist in Residence at The New York Times. Thorp's software-based art has been featured all over the world. His art brings big data sets to life, combining state-of-the-art science with a natural interest in the human condition. His "Cascade" project at The New York Times visualizes the sharing of content through social media, offering tremendous insight into the way we use digital networks to share, influence, and connect with others. He was also a major contributor to the 9/11 memorial project in New York City, where he wrote a program that organized the names of victims not by alphabetical order, but by relationships—putting coworkers next to coworkers, and brothers next to brothers. Thorp's award-winning software-based work has been exhibited in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, including in the Museum of Modern Art in Manhattan.
Zeynep Tufekci
Zeynep Tufekci writes insightful and critical observations about the interactions between technology and society, media, Internet, social issues, big data, statistical and predictive analytics, and participatory politics at Medium, The Atlantic, Digital Media and Learning Central, and Technosociology. Twitter at @zeynep.
She is Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill at at the School of Information and Library Science (SILS) with an affiliate appointment in the Department of Sociology. Previously, she was assistant professor of sociology at UMBC, a fellow at the Center for Information Technology Policy at Princeton University, and a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University. Currently a faculty associate at the Berkman Center. Technosociology
Kim Christen Withey
From her website: "I am an Associate Professor and Associate Director of the Digital Technology and Culture program in the Department of English and Director of Digital Projects at the Plateau Center, Native American Programs at Washington State University. My work explores the intersections of cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, intellectual property rights, the ethics of openness, and the use of digital technologies in and by indigenous communities globally. I have worked in Tennant Creek, Northern Territory, Australia over the last decade with Warumungu community members on a range of projects including a book, an interactive website, and a community archive. My collaborations with the Warumungu focused on alliance-making in cross-cultural projects. I am currently working on several digital humanities projects that explore ethical issues of openness and access in relation to indigenous cultural protocols and digital archives. I am the Director of both the Plateau Peoples' Web Portal, a collaboratively curated site of Plateau cultural materials and Mukurtu CMS: a free and open source content management system and digital archive built around the particular needs of indigenous peoples globally."
Kam Woods
Research Associate & Adjunct Faculty at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Kam is currently developing modified open source digital forensics tools for digital archivists. He works with archivists, librarians, forensics researchers, and other development groups to identify core needs in analyzing and preparing digital content for preservation -- specifically needs that can be addressed using existing high-performance forensic technologies (with a little tweaking). He is also interested in developing datasets and teaching technologies to support education and professional training in digital archiving. He can give a great talk (I know from 2014 ALA) & I'll bet would have some great tech & social insides for Code4Lib. Kam Woods
Andromeda Yelton
Re-nominating last year's runner up in the keynote speaker voting and yanking/modding last year's short description. Formerly a developer with Unglue.it, she recently left full-time work there to work to help people learn to code. Member of the LITA Board of Directors and advisor for Ada Initiative. Andromeda Yelton
Kortney Ziegler
Dr. Kortney Ryan Ziegler is an Oakland based award winning artist, director, writer, and the first person to hold the Ph.D. of African American Studies from Northwestern University. Dr. Ziegler is also the founder of Trans*H4CK--the only tech event of its kind that spotlights trans* created tech and trans* led startups, and the feature-length documentary STILL BLACK: A Portrait of Black Transmen.
Shauna Gordon-McKeon
Shauna Gordon-McKeon is a writer, speaker, teacher, and programmer who works actively in the free and open source software (FOSS), open science and medicine, and open government/civic tech communities. She works on the Open Science Collaboration, and OpenHatch.org and is an active member of Ada Community. Click for more info about Shauna, a link to her blog, and her portfolio.


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Messrs. Theodore Kiendl, Jr., of Brooklyn, and William C. Cannon, of New York City, for petitioner.
[253 U.S. 86, 88] Mr. John C. Robinson, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice McKENNA delivered the opinion of the Court.
Action for damages under the Employers' Liability Act (Comp. St. 8657-8665), for the loss of a leg in the railroad company's service. The verdict and judgment were for $20,000. The contest in the case is whether the injury was received in interstate or intrastate service.
The judges below concurred in the judgment but disagreed upon the grounds of it. Judges Hand and Hough concurred on the authority of the Collins Case, 259 Fed. 172, 170 C. C. A. 240, though Judge Hand did not sit in it, and Judge Hough dissented from its judgment.
As we have just affirmed that case, if it is not distinguishable from the case at bar, the latter must also be affirmed. A distinction is not asserted, but both cases are attacked. In our opinion in the Collins Case we have reviewed most of the cases upon which the company relies in this, and whether their principle applies depends upon the facts. We collect them from the testimony and represent them as the jury had a right to consider them, omitting conflicts. [253 U.S. 86, 89] Sand is necessary to an engine and must be used dry. Szary and two others were employed in its preparation, which was done in what is called the 'sand house,' a small structure standing in the yards of the company alongside of the tracks. The drying was done in four large stoves which it was the duty of Szary and his associates to attend. Soft coal was the heating means and the resulting ashes were dumped in an ash pit, to do which a track had to be crossed.
On the night of the accident, January 5, 1917, Szary began his duties at 6 o'clock, and sanded about seven engines whose destinations were other states. He sanded the last engine at 9 o'clock, and after doing so, he removed the ashes from the stove and carried them to the ash pit in a pail according to his custom, in doing which he was compelled to cross one of the tracks. He emptied the pail and left it on the ground while he went to the engine room to get a drink of water, and when returning for the pail and crossing the track he was hit by an engine. He had looked and saw no engine and heard no signal. He described the night as 'very dark and very foggy and rainy and misty,' and testified that he could not see anything, the steam and smoke from the engines in all parts of the yard being so thick that he could see nothing.
The engine that hit him was running backwards and without a light. He was picked up and carried to a hospital and his left leg was amputated the same night from two to three inches below the knee.
We think these facts bring the case within the Collins Case and the test there deduced from prior decisions. There were attempts there, and there are attempts here, to separate the duty and assign its character by intervals of time, and distinctions between the acts of service. Indeed something is attempted to be made of an omission, or an asserted omission, in the evidence, of the kind of commerce in which the last engine served was engaged. [253 U.S. 86, 90] The distinctions are too artificial for acceptance. The acts of service were too intimately related and too necessary for the final purpose to be distinguished in legal character.
The conclusion that the service of Szary was rendered in interstate commerce determines the correctness of the ruling of the District Court upon the motion to dismiss made at the close of plaintiff's evidence, and afterwards for particular instructions and the objections to the charge by the court. All of the rulings were based on the character of the commerce, the court adjudging it to be interstate.
It hence follows that the judgment must be and it is
Mr. Justice VAN DEVANTER and Mr. Justice PITNEY dissent.
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Deep Drawable Steels: Part One
Thermo-Mechanical Treatment (TMT) of Non-Ferrous Alloys: Part One
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Corrosion of steel is an electrochemical reaction that requires the presence of water (H2O), oxygen (O2) and ions such as chloride ions (Cl—), all of which exist in the atmosphere. Electrophoretic deposition is a process in which electrically charged particles are deposited out of a water suspension to coat a conductive part. The process is more commonly known as electrocoating or E-coating.
Corrosion is a multifaceted phenomenon that adversely affects and causes deterioration in metals through oxidization. Millions of dollars of loss throughout the metal industry can be attributed to metal corrosion.
When two metals having different potentials are coupled together and are contained in a conductive electrolyte, current will flow and corrosion will commence. Current will flow from the metal with the greater negative potential through the electrolyte to a metal that is more positive. Corrosion will occur at the point where the current leaves the metal surface.
Corrosion of steel is an electrochemical reaction that requires the presence of water (H2O), oxygen (O2) and ions such as chloride ions (Cl¯), all of which exist in the atmosphere. Atmospheric chloride ions are in greatest abundance anywhere near the coastline. This electrochemical reaction starts when atmospheric oxygen oxidizes iron in the presence of water.
In addition, the atmosphere also carries emissions from human activity, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxide (NO2) and many other chemicals, which can also be significant in the corrosion process.
Also, if any two dissimilar metals are in contact with each other, the more reactive metal will corrode in preference to the less reactive metal.
How Do We Stop Steel From Corroding?
There are three methods that may be used to protect steel from corrosion.
1. Passive Barrier Protection
Passive barrier protection works by coating the steel with a protective coating system that forms a tight barrier to prevent exposure to oxygen, water and salt (ions). The lower the permeability of the coating system to water, the better the protection provided. Two-pack epoxy coatings and chlorinated rubbers applied at sufficiently high film builds offer the most successful corrosion protection through passive barrier protection.
2. Active Protection
Active corrosion protection occurs when a primer containing a reactive chemical compound is applied directly to the steel. The reactive compound disrupts the normal formation of anodes on the surface of the steel in some way. For example, inorganic zinc inhibitive pigments, such as zinc phosphate, offer active anti-corrosive protection to the steel substrate (Zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2) is only slightly soluble in water). It hydrolyses in water to produce zinc ions (Zn2+) and phosphate ions (PO43-). The phosphate ions act as anodic inhibitors by phosphating the steel and rendering it passive. The zinc ions act as cathodic inhibitors.
3. Sacrificial Protection (Cathodic Protection or Galvanic Protection)
The above-mentioned reaction between dissimilar metals can be used to protect steel against corrosion. The most widely used metal for the protection of steel is zinc. Zinc metal in direct contact with the steel substrate offers protection through the preferential oxidation of zinc metal. Zinc is a great choice in protecting steel, as not only does it corrode in preference to the steel, the rate of corrosion is generally slower. This rate, however, is accelerated in the presence of ions such as chlorides in coastal locations.
3.1 Electrocoat (E-coat)
Electrophoretic deposition is a process in which electrically charged particles are deposited out of a water suspension to coat a conductive part. The process is more commonly known as electrocoating or E-coating. The idea of electrically discharging polymers to coat an object was first considered in the 1930's. Most of the basic research was conducted in Europe in the 1960's. North American companies began electrocoating in the late 1960's, and the process has been widely used for coating metal parts ranging
from simple stampings to complex auto bodies.
The process requires a coating tank in which to immerse the part, as well as temperature control, filtering and circulation equipment. Electrocoating systems are known as anodic or cathodic depending upon whether the part is the anode or cathode in the electrochemical process. Cathodic systems are more common since they require less surface
preparation and provide better corrosion resistance. Electrocoating requires that the coating binder, pigment and additives be given an electrical charge. These charged materials, under the influence of an electric field, migrate through water to the part surface.
Once at the part, the charged materials give up their charge due to neutralization by electrochemically generated OH- ions (cathodic process). Upon giving up their charge, the coating materials drop out of the water suspension and coalesce as a coating on the part surfaces. Electrocoat thickness typically ranges from 10 to 30 micrometers (0.4 to 1.2 mils). Automotive parts that are electrocoated usually receive a zinc or iron phosphate treatment prior to deposition. This treatment enhances the application of the E-coat.
3.2 Metallic Coatings
Various types of metallic coatings can be applied to ferrous and non-ferrous substrates to inhibit corrosion and/or provide a decorative finish. The choice of a particular coating material is dependent upon the severity of the corrosive environment, whether the part is subject to wear and abrasion, and the degree of visibility of the part in service.
Four common methods for applying metallic coatings are:
3.3 Organic Coatings
The application of an organic coating, such as paint, is a cost effective corrosion protection method. Organic coatings act as a barrier to a corrosive solution or electrolyte. They prevent, or retard, the transfer of electrochemical charge from the corrosive solution to the metal underneath the organic coating. The coating thickness of the autodeposition film is time and temperature dependent. Initially, the deposition process is quite rapid, but slows down as the film begins to build or mature. As long as the part being coated is in the bath, the process will continue; however, the rate of deposition will decline.
Typically, film thicknesses are controlled from 15 to 25 micrometers (0.6 to 0.8 mils). Autodeposition will coat any metal the liquid touches. Parts that are tubular in shape, assembled parts or parts that have intricate designs can also be coated by this process. Autodeposition does not require a phosphate stage and the coating is cured at a relatively low temperature.
3.4 Powder Coatings
In the powder coating process, a dry powder is applied to a clean surface. After application, the coated object is heated, fusing the powder into a smooth, continuous film. Powders are available in a wide range of chemical types, coating properties and colors. The most widely used types include acrylic, vinyl, epoxy, nylon, polyester and urethane. Modern application techniques for applying powders fall into four basic categories: fluidized bed process, electrostatic bed process, electrostatic spray process and plasma spray process. The electrostatic spray process is the most commonly used method of applying powders. In this process, the electrically conductive and grounded object is sprayed with charged, non-conducting powder particles. The charged particles are attracted to the substrate and cling to it. Oven heat then fuses the particles into a smooth continuous film. Coating thicknesses in the range of 25 to 125 micrometers (1 to 5 mils) is obtained. Controlling a low film thickness is difficult. A booth and collection system can be used to collect overspray for re-use.
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Sunday, November 3, 2013
Clancy the Tie-in Slayer
Tuesday, October 29, 2013
Inside Amazon's Kindle Worlds Program
Q: I have a mid-list career (and growing) as a cozy mystery writer, and as an indie publisher. Work in tie-ins has become harder to find and less lucrative over the last couple years, and I've mostly stepped back from the field. Initially I dismissed Kindle Worlds as a bad bet. But now I am rethinking that. Do you see this program as a way to expand the troubled tie-in market for authors and to create more opportunities for franchise holders?
Philip Patrick: We see Kindle Worlds as another option for all writers and readers, and a great opportunity for professional writers to explore the stories and Worlds they feel passionate about. Licensors have an opportunity to deeply engage with their enthusiastic fans, and earn new revenues from the Worlds they created. Our job is to create the best possible experience for writers, readers, and World licensors.
Q: There's lots of fanfiction out there and the vast majority is awful. What kind of curation is Kindle Worlds going to do, not so much for adherence to franchise rules but in terms of writing quality?
PP: Part of our mission at Kindle Worlds and Amazon Publishing is to act as a laboratory and develop new ways for writers to be creative, to connect with readers, and to earn money. In the case of Kindle Worlds, we don't see ourselves as curators, because part of our job is to open up these Worlds to writers and readers who feel passionately about their characters and stories. Ultimately our customers will decide which writers and stories they enjoy through their reviews, but the quality is already coming through: Kindle Worlds stories have received great reviews – more than 840 customer reviews, in total – averaging around 4.3 stars. The prospect of selling a book and having it get reviewed by passionate fans makes a writer better, we think.
Q: What other properties does KW expect to acquire? Can you talk about what type of properties they are interested in and what makes them appropriate for KW? PP: It all comes down to great storytelling, compelling characters, and vibrant geographies that writers are excited to explore. Some Worlds are going to be more current than others, of course, but there are many iconic works and characters that Kindle Worlds writers are going to love.
Q: What is the criteria and process for selecting worlds/franchises/properties, how are the owners compensated, etc? Can authors contact Amazon about licensing their books and short fiction for Kindle Worlds? Basically, what opportunities exist for authors on the licensing side of KW?
PP: We are always looking for new Worlds from authors and other licensors, and because royalties are split three ways – between the licensor, the writer, and the publisher – there is incentive and opportunity for all three.
Q: KW allows authors to keep their copyrights. Yet the effect of the agreement is work-for-hire. Can you explain your thinking?
PP: Kindle Worlds differs from works-for-hire in that our authors retain 35% of net revenue of their books' sales. We like to think of our royalties as an incentive to write really good stuff, so it sells well for a long time. Authors get to contribute to a World and make an on-going profit off their original works in that World, which is really cool, a win-win for the author and the World. An author grants us an exclusive license to the story and all of the original elements the author includes in that story. We then allow the original World licensor and other Kindle Worlds authors to use those new elements. That seems fair to us and it's why we have the rights set up as we do. If a writer doesn't want to make that concession, we understand and we have a lot of ways they can publish their own original work on Amazon.
Q: The audio royalty seems low, as does the sublicense royalty. Can this be negotiated on an individual basis?
PP: No, we don't negotiate individual terms. We feel the royalty rates are very competitive.
Q: With the price of the work to be set by Amazon and with the royalty rate set at 35%, what incentive is there for a writer to write stories longer than 10,000 words? If a longer story is going to get the same rate as a shorter work, it would seem to make the most sense for a writer to write more short works than one longer one (e.g., 5x 10k word stories rather than 1x 50k story). Can you address this seeming inequality of payment?
PP: The current standard author's royalty rate for works of at least 10,000 words is 35% of net revenue, while shorter works (between 5,000 to 10,000 words) pay authors a digital royalty of 20% of net revenue. Kindle Worlds is an option and a choice for authors – we think many will quite like the choice.
Q: KW reserves the right not to publish submitted works. Could you provide some information as to what happens during the review and approval process? What happens after a writer hits the submit button? Does Amazon review the story, does the IP holder review the story? Are there editorial changes to be made or is the story simply approved or denied without editorial changes to be made?
PP: Every Licensor sets Content Guidelines for their Worlds. Once a writer submits his or her story, we review it to ensure that it follows those Content Guidelines for its World. The pre-publication review process typically takes a day or two. If we have questions during the review, we reach out to the author to figure out answers. But there is no storyline approval a writer has to go through. This is an open playing field with some boundaries (the Content Guidelines), but if a writer writes within those Guidelines, then we very much expect to publish the writer's story.
Q:What are the top three mistakes writers are making when submitting stories to KW and what can writers, professional and amateur, do to make the KW process easier on themselves from submission to approval?
PP: Great question. My biggest piece of advice would be to follow the Content Guidelines and really focus on a story that will appeal to a World's core fan base. As you all know, that takes some work to do. But it is worth it.
Q: Will Amazon promote works by established authors differently than works by "fans"? Would KW let readers know our credits so they can take that into account when deciding whether to make a purchase? If so, how do we let KW "editors" know during the submission process that we are pros with published books, also available on Amazon, to our credit?
PP: Every story will ultimately stand on its own merits, particularly the stories our customers respond to with positive reviews and recommendations. Amazon highlights all of an author's works through their author pages, both previously published novels and Kindle Worlds titles.
Q: Say an author wants to write a Quantum Leap novel (expired show) or Person of Interest (a current Warner Brothers Television show). Can an author work with KW to obtain a license to write in that universe?
PP: We know that a lot of IAMTW members have long and deep relationships with both current and expired properties and we're happy to receive suggestions. Our feedback email on site is checked on a regular basis and that is a great way to reach us.
Q: How does the editorial staff handle creative control specifically related to the individual property? An example: I write a Vampire Diaries novel where I kill everyone off. Readers complain that I don't have the voice right, I clearly have never watched the show, etc. Do readers have a say in whether a KW book remains in print? Will KW ask an author to do a rewrite in response to reader reviews?
PP: One creative challenge in Kindle Worlds is that incredibly passionate and knowledgeable fans are typically among the first readers. If a story misses the mark, those fans will voice their response through customer reviews. How a writer responds to customer reviews is really up to him or her. We wouldn't put a book out of print or demand re-writes based on customer reviews alone. The Kindle Worlds platform is flexible enough, though, for a writer to rework and republish their story based on customer feedback. That's a unique feature of digital publishing overall: a writer can modify his or her work almost in real time, as they receive critical feedback. We'd gladly accept a new version of a book if a writer wanted to make changes after customer reviews came rolling in.
Q: At the moment the requirement to have a US bank account is a barrier for non-US writers to become involved with Kindle Worlds. Are any plans to relax this or provide another route.
PP: Yes, we are working to make the platform more accessible globally.
Q: Do publishers and license holders (Universal, Paramount, etc.) see this program as a real threat to the tie-in publishing world as it exists now? Are they unlikely to allow KW fiction if an existing book line (for example, Monk, Star Trek, Leverage, Supernatural, etc.) already exists? The argument against KW could be "why would a reader buy a $7.99 Supernatural book if they can get the KW stories for significantly less?"
PP: This is a new option and a choice for those licensors. Kindle Worlds may not be attractive for everyone, and that's fine. But the response so far has been very encouraging, and we continue to receive useful feedback from all of our partners: licensors, writers, and fans.
Q: On the author side, are the publishers pressuring franchise holders NOT to do business with KW because they are concerned fewer pro authors will work for them, with the restriction and tiny royalties/advances, when they can get a bigger royalty writing for KW?
PP: You'd have to talk to them.
Q: Is one of the things holding back KW from acquiring more name-brand franchises (Star Trek, Superman, X-Files, Twilight Zone, Dr. Who, etc.) that franchise holders are worried that allowing non-pro, cheaper Kindle World's fiction will diminish the value, financially and creatively, of their properties?
PP: First, I'd say we are thrilled with the Kindle Worlds we've launched to date, and very excited about what we have coming up. This is a new business and a complex one at that, so we've always expected it would take some time to develop. That said, we are constantly adding new World Licensors and will be announcing new Worlds in the coming weeks and months.
Q: How likely are we to see vintage TV (WIld Wild West, Remington Steele, Mannix, Lost in Space, Knightrider, Hart to Hart, Stargate, Farscape, etc) and movie properties (Dirty Harry, Independence Day, High Noon, Bill & Ted, Breakfast Club, etc) included in Kindle Worlds? The franchises on KW now don't seem to be the ones likely to draw lots of passionate readers or writers.
PP :Those are all great suggestions; we are actively exploring many different properties, so stay tuned on that front. I'd challenge the idea, however, that the Worlds we have don't draw passionate readers or writers. Since June, we've published more than 250 Kindle Worlds titles, and they've earned hundreds of positive reviews, with an overall review average around 4.3. We're thrilled with the response to date.
Q: Where does Amazon hope to see the KW program a year from now?
PP: The response so far has been very encouraging. We are thrilled with writers who have been publishing with us and the readers who have been buying their stories. And we're excited to continue to add new Worlds for writers and more stories for readers.
Friday, April 19, 2013
Crispin is a Grandmaster
Friday, April 12, 2013
Scribe Award Nominees Announced
Star Trek Rings of Time Greg Cox
Star Trek The Persistence of Memory David Mack
Pathfinder City of the Fallen Sky Tim Pratt
Dungeons and Dragons Online Skein of Shadow Marsheila Rockwell
Darksiders The Abomination Vault Ari Marmell
Mike Hammer Lady, Go Die! Mikey Spillane/Max Collins
Tannhäuser Rising Sun, Falling Shadows Robert Jeschonek
Batman The Dark Knight Rises Stacia Deutsch
Clockwork Angels Kevin Anderson
Batman The Dark Knight Rises Greg Cox
Poptropica Astroknights Island Tracey West
Dark Shadows The Eternal Actress Nev Fountain
Dark Shadows Dress Me in Dark Dreams Marty Ross
Doctor Who Companion Chronicles Project Nirvana Cavan Scott
Scribe Award nominees announced!
- Original Novel
- Star Trek: Rings of Time by Greg Cox
- Tannhäuser: Rising Sun, Falling Shadows by Robert T. Jeschonek
- Star Trek: The Next Generation: Cold Equations Book 1: The Persistence of Memory by David Mack
- Darksiders: The Abomination Vault by Ari Marmell
- Pathfinder: City of the Fallen Sky by Tim Pratt
- Dungeons and Dragons Online: Skein of Shadows by Marsheila Rockwell
- Mike Hammer: Lady, Go Die! by Mickey Spillane & Max Collins
- Adapted Novel
- Clockwork Angels by Kevin J. Anderson
- Batman: The Dark Knight Rises by Greg Cox
- Batman: The Dark Knight Rises (YA novelization) by Stacia Deutsch
- Poptropica: Astroknights Island by Tracey West
- Audio
- Dark Shadows: The Eternal Actress by Nev Fountain
- Dark Shadows: Dress Me in Dark Dreams by Marty Ross
- Doctor Who: Companion Chronicles: Project Nirvana by Cavan Scott & Mark Wright
Friday, July 13, 2012
Scribe Award Winners Announced
Anderson was honored for remarkable achievements in the tie-in field, which include more than one hundred novels, adding up to over 20 million books in print in thirty languages. His work includes the Star Wars "Jedi Academy" books, three internationally bestselling X-Files novels, the Superman novels The Last Days of Krypton and Enemies & Allies, many novelizations (Sky Captain & The World of Tomorrow, League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, etc.) and, of course, the ten globally bestselling DUNE novels he has co-authored with Brian Herbert.
Receiving the honor was, for Anderson, "like receiving a standing ovation for something that was already fun in the first place, and I am very honored to be recognized by my colleagues in this particularly challenging line of writing."
He wasn't alone accepting honors on Friday. The Scribe Awards, recognizing excellence in the field of media tie-in writing for Best Original Novel in Speculative and General Fiction genres, Best Adaptation, Best Young Adult novels and Best Audio performance, were also awarded at the event, which included a lively panel discussion with the winners and nominees.
Cowboys & Aliens by Joan D. Vinge was the winner for Best Adaptation, Dungeons & Dragons – Forgotten Realms: Brimstone Angels by Erin M. Evans took the prize for Best Speculative Original Novel, Mike Hammer: Kiss Her Goodbye by Max Allan Collins & Mickey Spillane won for Best Original Novel, and Thunderbirds: Extreme Hazard by Joan Marie Verba was honored for Best Young Adult Novel. Mike Hammer: Encore for Murder by Max Allan Collins & Mickey Spillane won the Best Audio award.
Collins was "blown away" by his double win this year, but was particularly pleased that "the work I've been doing to bring Mickey Spillane's unpublished, unfinished material to fruition has earned this kind of recognition."
The IAMTW (I Am a Tie-In Writer) is dedicated to enhancing the professional and public image of tie-in writers...to working with the media to review tie-in novels and publicize their authors...to educating people about who we are and what we do....and to providing a forum for tie-in writers to share information, support one another, and discuss issues relating to their field.
Friday, May 25, 2012
2012 Scribe Award Nominees
Wednesday, May 9, 2012
How To Enter the 2013 Scribe Awards
BEST NOVEL (All Genres and Ages)
A licensed, original novel using pre-existing characters or worlds from a movie, television series, computer game, play, or an existing series of novels (i.e., new novels extending a literary franchise, i.e. DUNE, James Bond, etc.)
BEST ADAPTATION (All Genres & Ages)
A licensed novelization based on an existing screenplay, whether a feature film, episodic teleplay, computer game, script, or play.
BEST AUDIO (All Genres)
A licensed audio play, not a staged reading of published work, using characters or worlds from a movie, television series, computer game, play or an existing series of novels.
GRANDMASTER (For Career Achievement)
How The Scribes Are Judged
The judging committees are made up of five of your peers from within the organization, writers who know the unique obstacles and restrictions that tie-in writers face, because they are tie-in writers themselves. The judges will read all the submissions in their category and select both the nominees and the winners.
Rules for Submission
- Authors can submit multiple titles, but only ONE BOOK PER CATEGORY/ONE CATEGORY PER BOOK (i.e. you can't submit the same book in two different categories or multiple titles in one category. Authors who've done several books in any one category need to pick the one title that seems strongest and submit only that).
- Only authors can submit their books for consideration but we encourage you to have your editors/publishers send the actual books on your behalf so you don't have to raid your author's copies or pay the postage.
- Judges can submit their work, but obviously not in the categories they are judging.
- The book must be a licensed work published for the first time between Jan 1, 2012 and Dec. 31, 2012. Only books with a copyright date of 2012 will be eligible for consideration. Entrants with books published in late December 2012 are required to get copies of eligible work into the hands of the category judges no later than January 15, 2013 to allow adequate time to review the titles. Galleys are acceptable.
- For Audio Books, the entries must be full-cast radio-style plays, not readings of short stories or novels. They must be first released on CD or MP-3 and not first broadcast on radio (if, after released, the audio was picked up and aired, that is considered a secondary market). Audio entries must be forty minutes or more in length. Audio entries mustbeat a 2012 copyright.
- All entrants MUST include a cover letter with each book or audio. The cover letter must include the following information: the Category you are entering, Title of the Book, Name of the Author, Publication Date, Editor & Publisher, and email & "snailmail" addresses and phone numbers for the author and editor.
- A copy of all submissions—the book or, in the case of audio books, the CD or MP-3 as marketed, and cover letter—should be sent to each judge in the category you are entering and to the IAMTW. Please send an email email@example.com for the list of judges and their mailing addresses. IAMTW members can find the list in the MEMBERS ONLY section of this site.
- A list of all the books submitted will be posted on the IAMTW site and updated regularly. The nominees will be announced, to entrants and the media, in March 2013. The Scribes will be awarded in July 2013 at Comicon in San Diego.
Thursday, December 15, 2011
Submissions Open for Audio Scribes
Thursday, September 22, 2011
IAMTW Suspends Annual Dues for 2012
These are tough financial times...and writers, particularly those in the tie-in field, are hurting.
We want to do our small part to help out.
The International Association of Media Tie-in Writers is suspending annual dues for current and new members effective immediately and on through 2012...dues will be re-instated on January 1, 2013.
That doesn't mean we'll be shutting down and riding out the economic storm...quite the opposite.
We'll continue to introduce our members to tie-in editors and licensing execs with our quarterly mailing of member credits and contact info...we'll continue to put out TIED-IN, our newsletter about tie-in writing...we'll continue to give out the Scribe awards for excellence in media tie-in writing...and we'll continue to moderate our highly popular private discussion board for media tie-in professionals.
And over the next month or two, we will also be renovating our website, freshening up our Facebook presence, and adding an audio category to our Scribe Awards.
We hope this will not only help our current members but also draw some new professional tie-in writers into the fold.


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text:
Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg said today that women need to stick together, support each other and be willing to talk about gender to bolster the number of women in the tech industry.
"We believe women are the best inspiration for other women," Sandberg said during a keynote session at the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing in Minneapolis, Minn. "IT departments have 13% women, on a national average. We need to acknowledge differences, stare them in the face, acknowledge bias and change it."
Sandberg, who recently released the book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, was on stage this morning with Maria Klawe, a computer scientist and president of Harvey Mudd College, and Telle Whitney, CEO and president of the Anita Borg Institute.
During a Q&A session, Sandberg said women in general aren't getting the same pay, the same promotions or the same success and satisfaction at work. And the same is true for a technology field where women still are wildly underrepresented.
Facebook's top female executive told the story of recently being on stage with two men and talking about women in technology.
"After I spoke, the first man said, "Most women aren't like Sheryl. She's very competent. Most women can't do what she does,'" Sandberg related. "The second man didn't want to be out done. He said, "I'd like to hire more women, but my wife is afraid I might sleep with them. And I might.... I held it together, for which I was quite proud."
Sandberg said she responded by talking about sexual harassment and the need for women in the workplace.
However, she added that her husband later told her that those two speakers did her a favor because a lot of men feel that way and they gave her a chance to address it in public.
According to figures from the National Science Foundation, in the early 1980s women made up slightly more than 37% of the students earning bachelor's degrees in computer science.. By 2010, that percentage had plummeted to a little more than 17%.
Sandberg said people - both men and women - need to start talking about gender.
"We have made gender an unsafe issue," she added. "Women don't want to talk about it because they're afraid they'll look like they're whining and creating issues. Men don't want to talk about it because they're afraid they'll get in trouble.... If we talk about it, we can deal with it."
She also said women need to support and inspire each other to drown out the negative voices.
"Think about your career as a marathon," explained Sandberg. "Men and women get to the starting line equally fit to run. Men hear voices saying, "You've got this. Great start," Women hear, from day one, "Are you sure it makes sense to start a race that you won't finish...? Should you be doing this when your child needs you at home?"
She added that men simply don't hear those questions. They're not asked to choose between home and work. They're not made to feel guilty about working.
"These are the assumptions we have to change," added Sandberg. "It's the same in computer science. We have to change that problem."
Sharon Gaudin covers the Internet and Web 2.0, emerging technologies, and desktop and laptop chips for Computerworld. Follow Sharon on Twitter at @sgaudin, on Google+ or subscribe to Sharon's RSS feed. Her email address is email@example.com.
See more by Sharon Gaudin on Computerworld.com.
Read more about it industry in Computerworld's IT Industry Topic Center.


text:
Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages/Book III/The Donation of Constantine
(From Zeumer's edition of the text, published in Berlin in 1888, V. Brunner-Zeumer: "Die Constantinische Schenkungsurkunde.")
In the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity, the Father, namely, and the Son and the Holy Spirit. The emperor Caesar Flavius Constantine in Christ Jesus, the Lord God our Saviour, one of that same holy Trinity,—faithful, merciful, supreme, beneficent, Alamannic, Gothic, Sarmatic, Germanic, Britannic, Hunic, pious, fortunate, victor and triumpher, always august: to the most holy and blessed father of fathers Sylvester, bishop of the city of Rome and pope, and to all his successors the pontiffs who are about to sit upon the chair of St. Peter until the end of time—also to all the most reverend and of God beloved catholic bishops, subjected by this our imperial decree throughout the whole world to this same holy Roman church, who have been established now and in all previous times—grace, peace, charity, rejoicing, longsuffering, mercy, be with you all from God the Father almighty and from Jesus Christ his Son and from the Holy Ghost. Our most gracious serenity desires, in clear discourse, through the page of this our imperial decree, to bring to the knowledge of all the people in the whole world what things our Saviour and Redeemer the Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of the most High Father, has most wonderfully seen fit to bring about by the intervention of our father Sylvester, the highest pontiff and the universal pope. First, indeed, putting forth, with the inmost confession of our heart, for the purpose of instructing the mind of all of you, our creed which we have learned from the aforesaid most blessed father and our confessor, Sylvester the universal pontiff; and then at length announcing the mercy of God which has been poured upon us.
For we wish you to know, as we have signified through our former sacred imperial decree, that we have gone away from the worship of idols, from mute and deaf images made by hand, from devilish contrivances and from all the pomps of Satan; and have arrived at the pure faith of the Christians, which is the true light and everlasting life. Believing, according to what he—that same one, our revered supreme father and teacher, the pontiff Sylvester—has taught us, in God the Father, the almighty maker of Heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible; and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord God, through whom all things are created; and in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and vivifier of the whole creature. We confess these, the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, in such way that, in the perfect Trinity, there shall also be a fulness of divinity and a unity of power. The Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God; and these three are one in Jesus Christ.
There are therefore three forms but one power. For God, wise in all previous time, gave forth from himself the word through which all future ages were to be born; and when, by that sole word of His wisdom, He formed the whole creation from nothing, He was with it, arranging all things in His mysterious secret place.
Therefore, the virtues of the Heavens and all the material part of the earth having been perfected, by the wise nod of His wisdom first creating man of the clay of the earth in His own image and likeness, He places him in a paradise of delight. Him the ancient serpent and envious enemy, the devil, through the most bitter taste of the forbidden tree, made an exile from these joys; and, he being expelled, did not cease in many ways to cast his poisonous darts; in order that, turning the human race from the way of truth to the worship of idols, he might persuade it, namely, to worship the creature and not the creator; so that, through them (the idols), he might cause those whom he might be able to entrap in his snares to be burned with him in eternal punishment. But our Lord, pitying His creature, sending ahead His holy prophets, announcing through them the light of the future life—the coming, that is, of His Son our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ—sent that same only begotten Son and Word of wisdom: He descending from Heaven on account of our salvation, being born of the Holy Spirit and of the virgin Mary,—the word was made flesh and dwelt among us. He did not cease to be what He had been, but began to be what He had not been, perfect God and perfect man: as God, performing miracles; as man, sustaining human sufferings. We so learned Him to be very man and very God by the preaching of our father Sylvester, the supreme pontiif, that we can in no wise doubt that He was very God and very man. And, having chosen twelve apostles, He shone with miracles before them and an innumerable multitude of people. We confess that this same Lord Jesus Christ fulfilled the law and the prophets; that He suffered, was crucified, on the third day arose from the dead according to the Scriptures; was received into Heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father. Whence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead, whose kingdom shall have no end. For this is our orthodox creed, placed before us by our most blessed father Sylvester the supreme pontiff. We exhort, therefore, all people, and all the different nations, to hold, cherish and preach this faith; and, in the name of the Holy Trinity, to obtain the grace of baptism; and, with devout heart, to adore the Lord Jesus Christ our Saviour, who, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, lives and reigns through infinite ages; whom Sylvester our father, the universal pontiff, preaches. For He himself, our Lord God, having pity on me a sinner, sent His holy apostles to visit us, and caused the light of His splendour to shine upon us. And do ye rejoice that I, having been withdrawn from the shadow, have come to the true light and to the knowledge of truth. For, at a time when a mighty and filthy leprosy had invaded all the flesh of my body, and the care was administered of many physicians who came together, nor by that of any one of them did I achieve health: there came hither the priests of the Capitol, saying to me that a font should be made on the Capitol, and that I should fill this with the blood of innocent infants; and that, if I bathed in it while it was warm, I might be cleansed. And very many innocent infants having been brought together according to their words, when the sacrilegious priests of the pagans wished them to be slaughtered and the font to be filled with their blood: our serenity perceiving the tears of the mothers, I straightway abolished the deed. And, pitying them, I ordered their own sons to be restored to them; and, giving them vehicles and gifts, sent them oft" rejoicing to their own. That day having passed therefore —the silence of night having come upon us—when the time of sleep had arrived, the apostles St. Peter and Paul appear, saying to me: "Since thou hast placed a term to thy vices, and hast abhorred the pouring forth of innocent blood, we are sent by Christ the Lord our God, to give to thee a plan for recovering thy health. Hear, therefore, our warning, and do what we indicate to thee. Sylvester—the bishop of the city of Rome—on Mount Serapte, fleeing thy persecutions, cherishes the darkness with his clergy in the caverns of the rocks. This one, when thou shalt have led him to thyself, will himself show thee a pool of piety; in which, when he shall have dipped thee for the third time, all that strength of the leprosy will desert thee. And, when this shall have been done, make this return to thy Saviour, that by thy order through the whole world the churches may be restored. Purify thyself, moreover, in this way, that, leaving all the superstition of idols, thou do adore and cherish the living and true God—who is alone and true—and that thou attain to the doing of His will."
Rising, therefore, from sleep, straightway I did according to that which I had been advised to do by the holy apostles; and, having summoned that excellent and benignant father and our enlightener—Sylvester the universal pope—I told him all the words that had been taught me by the holy apostles; and asked him who were those gods Peter and Paul. But he said that they were not really called gods, but apostles of our Saviour the Lord God Jesus Christ. And again we began to ask that same most blessed pope whether he had some express image of those apostles; so that, from their likeness, we might learn that they were those whom revelation had shown to us. Then that same venerable father ordered the images of those same apostles to be shown by his deacon. And, when I had looked at them, and recognized, represented in those images, the countenances of those whom I had seen in my dream: with a great noise, before all my satraps, I confessed that they were those whom I had seen in my dream.
Hereupon that same most blessed Sylvester our father, bishop of the city of Rome, imposed upon us a time of penance—within our Lateran palace, in the chapel, in a hair garment,—so that I might obtain pardon from our Lord God Jesus Christ our Saviour by vigils, fasts, and tears and prayers, for all things that had been impiously done and unjustly ordered by me. Then through the imposition of the hands of the clergy, I came to the bishop himself; and there, renouncing the pomps of Satan and his works, and all idols made by hands, of my own will before all the people I confessed: that I believed in God the Father almighty, maker of Heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible; and in Jesus Christ, His only Son our Lord, who was born of the Holy Spirit and of the virgin Mary. And, the font having been blessed, the wave of salvation purified me there with a triple immersion. For there I, being placed at the bottom of the font, saw with my own eyes a hand from Heaven touching me; whence rising, clean, know that I was cleansed from all the squalor of leprosy. And, I being raised from the venerable font—putting on white raiment, he administered to me the sign of the seven-fold holy Spirit, the unction of the holy oil; and lie traced the sign of the holy cross on my brow, saying: God seals thee with the seal of His faith in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, to signalize thy faith. All the clergy replied: "Amen."
The bishop added: "peace be with thee."
And so, on the first day after receiving the mystery of the holy baptism, and after the cure of my body from the squalor of the leprosy, I recognized that there was no other God save the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit; whom the most blessed Sylvester the pope doth preach; a trinity in one, a unity in three. For all the gods of the nations, whom I have worshipped up to this time, are proved to be demons; works made by the hand of men; inasmuch as that same venerable father told to us most clearly how much power in Heaven and on earth He, our Saviour, conferred on his apostle St. Peter, when finding him faithful after questioning him He said: "Thou art Peter, and upon this rock (petram) shall I build My Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."
Give heed ye powerful, and incline the ear of your hearts to that which the good Lord and Master added to His disciple, saying: "and I will give thee the keys of the kingdom of Heaven; and whatever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound also in Heaven, and whatever thou shalt loose on earth shall be loosed also in Heaven," This is very wonderful and glorious, to bind and loose on earth and to have it bound and loosed in Heaven.
And when, the blessed Sylvester preaching them, I perceived these things, and learned that by the kindness of St. Peter himself I had been entirely restored to health: I—together with all our satraps and the whole senate and the nobles and all the Roman people, "who are subject to the glory of our rule—considered it advisable that, as on earth he (Peter) is seen to have been constituted vicar of the Son of God, so the pontiffs, who are the representatives of that same chief of the apostles, should obtain from us and our empire the power of a supremacy greater than the earthly clemency of our imperial serenity is seen to have had conceded to it,—we choosing that same prince of the apostles, or his vicars, to be our constant intercessors with God. And, to the extent of our earthly imperial power. we decree that his holy Roman church shall be honoured with veneration; and that, more than our empire and earthly throne, the most sacred seat of St. Peter shall be grloriously exalted; we giving to it the imperial power, and dignity of glory, and vigour and honour.
And we ordain and decree that he shall have the supremacy as well over the four chief seats Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople and Jerusalem, as also over all the churches of God in the whole world. And he who for ihe time being shall be pontiff of that holy Roman church shall be more exalted than, and chief over, all the priests of the whole world; and, according to his judgment, everything which is to be provided for the service of God or the stability of the faith of the Christians is to be administered. It is indeed just, that there the holy law should have the seat of its rule where the founder of holy laws, our Saviour, told St. Peter to take the chair of the apostleship; where also, sustaining the cross, he blissfully took the cup of death and appeared as imitator of his Lord and Master; and that there the people should bend their necks at the confession of Christ's name, where their teacher, St. Paul the apostle, extending his neck for Christ, was crowned with martyrdom. There, until the end, let them seek a teacher, where the holy body of the teacher lies; and there, prone and humiliated, let them perform the service of the heavenly king, God our Saviour Jesus Christ, where the proud were accustomed to serve under the rule of an earthly king.
Meanwhile we wish all the people, of all the races and nations throughout the whole world, to know: that we have constructed within our Lateran palace, to the same Saviour our Lord God Jesus Christ, a church with a baptistry from the foundations. And know that we have carried on our own shoulders, from its foundations, twelve baskets weighted with earth, according to the number of the holy apostles. Which holy church we command to be spoken of, cherished, venerated and preached of, as the head and summit of all the churches in the whole world—as we have commanded through our other imperial decrees. We have also constructed the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul, chiefs of the apostles, which we have enriched with gold and silver; where also, placing their most sacred bodies with great honour, we have constructed their caskets of electrum, against which no force of the elements prevails. And we have placed a cross of purest gold on each of their caskets, and fastened them with golden keys. And on these churches, for the providing of the lights, we have conferred estates, and have enriched them with different objects; and, through our sacred imperial decrees, we have granted them our gift of land in the east as well as in the west; and even on the northern and southern coast;— namely in Judea, Greece, Asia, Thrace, Africa and Italy and the various islands: under this condition indeed, that all shall be administered by the hand of our most blessed father the pontiff Sylvester and his successors.
For let all the people and the nations of the races in the whole world rejoice with us; we exhorting all of you to give unbounded thanks, together with us, to our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. For He is God in Heaven above and on earth below, who, visiting us through His holy apostles, made us worthy to receive the holy sacrament of baptism and health of body. In return for which, to those same holy apostles, my masters, St. Peter and St. Paul; and, through them, also to St. Sylvester, our father,—the chief pontiff and universal pope of the city of Rome,—and to all the pontiffs his successors, who until the end of the world shall be about to sit in the seat of St. Peter: we concede and, by this present, do confer, our imperial Lateran palace. which is preferred to, and ranks above, all the palaces in the whole world; then .a diadem, that is, the crown of our head, and at the same time the tiara; and, also, the shoulder band,—that is, the collar that usually surrounds our imperial neck; and also the purple mantle, and crimson tunic, and all the imperial raiment; and the same rank as those presiding over the imperial cavalry; conferring also the imperial sceptres, and, at the same time, the spears and standards: also the banners and different imperial ornaments, and all the advantage of our high imperial position, and the glory of our power.
And we decree, as to those most reverend men, the clergy who serve, in different orders, that same holy Roman church, that they shall have the same advantage, distinction, power and excellence by the glory of which our most illustrious senate is adorned.; that is, that they shall be made patricians and consuls,—we commanding that they shall also be decorated with the other imperial dignities. And even as the imperial soldiery, so, we decree, shall the clergy of the holy Roman church be adorned. And even as the imperial power is adorned by different offices—by the distinction, that is, of chamberlains, and door keepers, and all the guards,—so we wish the holy Roman church to be adorned. And, in order that the pontifical glory may shine forth more fully, we decree this also: that the clergy of this same holj Roman church may use saddle cloths of linen of the whitest colour; namely that their horses may be adorned and so be ridden, and that, as our senate uses shoes with goats' hair, so they may be distinguished by gleaming linen;[1] in order that, as the celestial beings, so the terrestrial may be adorned to the glory of God. Above all things, moreover, we give permission to that same most holy one our father Sylvester, bishop of the city of Rome and pope, and to all the most blessed pontiffs who shall come after him and succeed him in all future times—for the honour and glory of Jesus Christ our Lord,—to receive into that great catholic and apostolic church of God, even into the number of the monastic clergy, any one from the whole assembly of our nobles, who, in free choice, of his own accord, may wish to become a clerk; no one at all presuming thereby to act in a haughty manner.
We also decreed this, that this same venerable one our father Sylvester, the supreme pontiff, and all the pontiffs his successors, might use and bear upon their heads—to the praise of God and for the honour of St. Peter—the diadem; that is, the crown which we have granted him from our own head, of purest gold and precious gems. But he, the most holy pope, did not at all allow that crown of gold to be used over the clerical crown which he wears to the glory of St. Peter; but we placed upon his most holy head, with our own hands, a tiara of gleaming splendour representing the glorious resurrection of our Lord. And, holding the bridle of his horse, out of reverence for St. Peter we performed for him the duty of groom; decreeing that all the pontiffs his successors, and they alone, may use that tiara in processions.
In imitation of our own power, in order that for that cause the supreme pontificate may not deteriorate, but may rather be adorned with power and glory even more than is the dignity of an earthly rule: behold we—giving over to the oft-mentioned most blessed pontiff, our father Sylvester the universal pope, as well our palace, as has been said, as also the city of Rome and all the provinces, districts and cities of Italy or of the western regions; and relinquishing them, by our inviolable gift, to the power and sway of himself or the pontiffs his successors—do decree, by this our godlike charter and imperial constitution, that it shall be (so) arranged; and do concede that they (the palaces, provinces, etc.) shall lawfully remain with the holy Roman church.[2]
Wherefore we have perceived it to be fitting that our empire and the power of our kingdom should be transferred and changed to the regions of the East; and that, in the province of Byzantium, in a most fitting place, a city should be built in our name; and that our empire should there be established. For, where the supremacy of priests and the head of the Christian religion has been established by a heavenly Ruler, it is not just that there an earthly ruler should have jurisdiction.
We decree, moreover, that all these things which, through this our imperial charter and through other godlike commands, we have established and confirmed, shall remain uninjured and unshaken until the end of the world. Wherefore, before the living God, who commanded us to reign, and in the face of his terrible judgment, we conjure, through this our imperial decree, all the emperors our successors, and all our nobles, the satraps also and the most glorious senate, and all the people in the whole world now and in all times previously subject to our rule: that no one of them, in any way, allow himself to oppose or disregard, or in any way seize, these things which, by our imperial sanction, have been conceded to the holy Roman church and to all its pontiffs. If any one, moreover,—which we do not believe—prove a scorner or despiser in this matter, he shall be subject and bound over to eternal damnation; and shall feel that the holy chiefs of the apostles of God, Peter and Paul, will be opposed to him in the present and in the future life. And, being burned in the nethermost hell, he shall perish with the devil and all the impious.
The page, moreover, of this our imperial decree, we, confirming it with our own hands, did place above thv venerable body of St. Peter chief of the apostles; and there, promising to that same apostle of God that we would preserve inviolably all its provisions, and would leave in our commands to all the emperors our successors to preserve them, we did hand it over, to be enduringly and happily possessed, to our most blessed father Sylvester the supreme pontiff and universal pope, and, through him, to all the pontiffs his successors—God our Lord and our Saviour Jesus Christ consenting.
And the imperial subscription: May the Divinity preserve you for many years, oh most holy and blessed fathers.
Given at Rome on the third day before the Kalends of April, our master the august Flavius Constantine, for the fourth time, and Galligano, most illustrious men, being consuls.


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The 21st Century PC
NVIDIA nForce Chipset Preview
This content was originally featured on Amdmb.com and has been converted to PC Perspective's website. Some color changes and flaws may appear.After meeting with representatives of NVIDIA earlier last week, I decided to write my findings and thoughts on the technology that will be behind the nForce power motherboards that you might see as soon as October. While some of this information may seem to be well known, there were many rumors circulating that the nForce chipset was having delays and that features were being dropped in order to meet deadlines. NVIDIA assured me that this was not the case, and the data they provided me with, and that I am sharing with you, is an assurance of that.
Our story starts off by NVIDIA showing us the status of the 20th century (read, old or current) PCs work. The majority of last generation PCs were mainly used for presentations, spreadsheets or word processing. Even things like email and the Internet do not require a lot of speed, bandwidth or optimization to run their best.
However, jobs of PCs for the 21st century are vastly different, and include video editing, 3D graphics, image processing, dolby digital audio and more on top of the standard word processing and Internet work. Home networking, DVD and MP3 playback and broadband connections all add in to the mix as well.
NVIDIA feels that for the vast majority of users, the motherboard chipsets have only acted as"glue" between the major system components, not fully utilizing them, and have not been helping to push those components to their limit. The nForce is hoping to change all that as a distributed processing architecture will many of the advanced devices being built into it.
Which brings us to the NVIDIA nForce Platform Processor Architecture (see image below). NVIDIA is making many claims for its first and flagship jump into the motherboard chipset market. That includes having five to ten times the performance of any other integrated PC graphics accelerator, having the industry's highest performance broadband networking and the world's most advanced 3D audio with real-time Dolby Digital 5.1 encoding. Can they back the claims? Read on to find out.


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New York City
The Met season opens with Verdi's masterful Otello, inspired by Shakespeare's play and matching it in tragic intensity. Director Bartlett Sher probes the Moor's dramatic downfall with an outstanding cast: tenor Aleksandrs Antonenko plays the doomed Otello; new soprano star Sonya Yoncheva sings Desdemona, Otello's innocent wife and victim; and baritone Željko Lučić plays the evil Iago, who masterminds Otello's demise. Dynamic maestro Yannick Nézet-Séguin conducts.


text: My name is Kenny and I have a passion for all things creative. I have been a Photographer for about 10 years. I am also a Musician/DJ and love to play with video and all things audio and media. Feel free to have a look around and get in touch with me if you have an idea for a project or anything I could assist with..


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Wildscreen's Arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the world's biggest encyclopaedia of life on Earth.
With the help of over 7,000 of the world's best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, Arkive.org featured multi-media fact-files for more than 16,000 endangered species.
Freely accessible to everyone, over half a million people every month, from over 200 countries, used Arkive to learn and discover the wonders of the natural world.
Since 2013 Wildscreen was unable to raise sufficient funds from trusts, foundations, corporates and individual donors to support the year-round costs of keeping Arkive online. Therefore, the charity had been using its reserves to keep the project online and was unable to fund any dedicated staff to maintain Arkive, let alone future-proof it, for over half a decade. Despite appeals for support, just 85 of our 5.6 million users in 2018 made a donation.
As a small conservation charity, Wildscreen eventually reached the point where it could no longer financially sustain the ongoing costs of keeping Arkive free and online or invest in its much needed development.
For many years, and in an attempt to keep Arkive online for years to come, Wildscreen investigated the possibility of transferring custodianship of the website to another environmental charity or institution but due to legal issues and the cost of doing so, we were unable to secure any support.
Therefore, a very hard decision was made to take the www.arkive.org website offline in February 2019.
The complete Arkive collection of over 100,000 images and videos is now being stored securely offline in perpetuity for future generations.


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Minn. bid for part of education stimulus hits snag
The state's teachers union complained today that the Pawlenty administration is trying to use federal stimulus dollars to force schools to adopt the governor's merit pay plan.
Education Minnesota says that circumvents the legislative process.
The state is putting the final touches on an application for stimulus money that could bring Minnesota another $200 million. The union's lack of support for the application could weaken the chances of winning the money.
Most federal education stimulus money is automatic and for everyone, divided up based on formulas.
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But one pot of $4.3 billion is competitive. "Race to the Top," as it's called, will award states doing the best job of reforming and improving education. But Education Minnesota president Tom Dooher said the union can't support Minnesota's current application.
"We believe the state's application is focusing on Gov. Pawlenty's programs that he failed to get through legislatively and now is seeing an opportunity to get some of those things put in place to get a federal grant," Dooher said.
One such program is an enhanced version of Q-Comp, a teacher merit pay program. More than 40 districts and 32 charter schools take part in the voluntary program.
Right now, Q-Comp only ties a small portion of merit pay to how well students perform on standardized tests. But with "Race to the Top," the state is promising to increase that portion. If Minnesota wins the money, it will only go to districts that have signed a letter promising to do a number of things, including enhanced Q-Comp.
The union said the application uses money to lure districts into something they otherwise might not have done, adding there are better ways than test scores and Q-Comp to evaluate teachers. The union's lack of support for the application could cost Minnesota points under the system the federal government will use to award money.
The spat lies in defining the word 'reform.' The order from Washington is to reform education and from the state department's perspective Q-Comp does that. For Education Minnesota, it does not.
Department spokesman Bill Walsh said Minnesota has an advantage in this competition because Q-Comp is already in place.
"To start from scratch and not take advantage of the fact that 30 percent of the students in the state are already under a system that the feds are asking for would weaken our application tremendously," Walsh said. "Other states are trying to build it from the bottom up; they're looking at our Q-Comp model as a way to do it.
"[And those states] won't have anybody participating. They'll have to say 'we're going to get people to participate.' We're going to say 'we already have 30 percent of the students in it, we're going to enhance it and get more,'" Walsh said.
Education Minnesota presented ideas Wednesday to include in the application - but the timeline is tight. Applications are due January 19. One quirk is that lawmakers don't go back into session until February - leaving them mostly out of the process of applying for the money.


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Leaked pictures and specifications of a Motorola tablet running Google Android have been doing the rounds online this weekend. The mysterious 3G device has a large display and will run a full suite of Google applications.
Also known as the XT701, the Motorola Android tablet revealed by the Boy Genius Report features a 3.7-inch touchscreen with a resolution of 854 by 480 pixels, and is powered by a Cortex A8 processor. The specs also show support for 3G data (WCDMA / HSDPA 10.2M / HSUPA 5.76M).
Moto's Android tablet is packed with other features as well: 5-megapixel camera with autofocus and flash (unlike previous rumors of an 8-megapixel camera), aGPS, FM radio, WiFi and Bluetooth; and it can store up to 32GB of data (via MicroSD cards).
The Motorola Android Tablet from the Android Central leaked pictures (left) has a slightly unusual hump on the side, which hosts illuminated touch-controls for the camera and photo/video gallery. Dedicated power and camera buttons can be found on the side, along a volume rocker.
If this tablet ever makes it in the U.S., expect a full suite of Google applications running on the Android 2.0 device. Apparently, this tablet will be out first in China. Also, BGR's specs point out that Android Market support is still pending.


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As with most SQL Server best practices, this one comes with a few caveats—in that it might not be the best option in all environments or scenarios. But, for most servers deployed in most SMBs—especially where a few users might have the ability to create jobs or where there might be semi-regular turnover among the folks who are forced to become reluctant DBAs—this simple best practice can save a lot of headaches.
Related: DBAs and the SQL Server Agent
Otherwise, this best practice is exactly as it sounds: For all of your SQL Server Agent jobs, just make sure that as they're created or modified, that you specify that 'sa' (or the built-in SysAdmin) account should be the Job owner. To check or set this, just right click on a job, select the Properties context-menu option, and then verify or set sa as the owner as needed:
Why? What's the Point?
The reason for this is pretty trivial or simple—until you've been bitten by it. Say, for example, that you have a SQL Server with a reluctant DBA that sets up backups at some given point. By default, SQL Server will use their login as the Job owner. So, say, something like SOMECOMPANY\Mike ends up being the owner. Then, let's say that 'Mike' decides to move on—to another job or company. Two weeks after his final interview, his domain credentials are finally retired/removed, and this job now begins to fail. As such, a trivial way to make sure you don't get bitten by situations where user permissions might expire, change, or stop working, a simple-to-implement best practice is simply to always make sure that you specify that sa is the owner for each and every job.
NOTE: This approach works even IF or WHEN you're not enabling SQL Server Authentication—as the sa account is always configured. And, even if it's disabled because you don't have SQL Server Auth enabled/configured, this ''rick'" still totally works and jobs will still 100% execute when they''e owned by sa. Ultimately, sa, in this sense, just basically means that the 'system' owns the jobs—instead of an individual user.
NOTE: If you're using SQL Server Maintenance plans for anything, just make sure that if/when you make any changes to your maintenance plans that you go back in and double-check that the jobs assigned to each maintenance plan end up keeping sa as the job owner. (Most of the time changes will cause the job owner to revert back to the login of the person making the changes. This is also something to take note of with third party backup/maintenance tools as well.)
NOTE: The technique outlined in this post is all about assigning ownership of jobs to the SA account. It is not, however, suggesting that you over-privilege jobs or operations that need to be restricted. Stated differently, in situations where security is a concern, and where least privilege makes sense (such as with jobs other than backups, consistency checks, index defrags, etc.) then you'll want to look at AND take advantage of SQL Server proxies and other security features and capabilities to make sure that operations are handled securely. However, even in many of these cases, you can STILL make SA the owner of these jobs (instead of letting them be owned by the operators that created them).