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The Most Awesomest Song of the Day: "A Dangerous Man" by Tim Bennett!!!
Here's a link to the complete list: https://philmaq.com/most-awesomest-songs/ I want to emphasize mostly, relatively newer music, just like on my Monday night show, "Prime Time Theme Attic." (Monday nights 8PM-10PM ET when it returns.) Here's the link for when that day … Continue reading
2018 Philby 100 Best Albums
As the words of a Crosby Stills, and Nash song state: "It's Been a Long Time Comin!" Through all of the weather delays and station closings, the official Philby 100 Best Albums of 2018 post is finally ready! This is … Continue reading
Posted in Philby Tagged A Different Kind of Train, A Good American Life, A World Unknown, Abby Hoffman, Adrianne Serna, Allan Thomas, Altan, Altered Sweet: The Songs of Matthew Sweet, American Beauty, Amy Helm, Amy Soucy, Angela Perley and The Howlin' Moons, Are You Listening?, Bar, Bark's Wagon Tales, Beer Me, Bernie Marsden, Better a Fool Than Aloof, Beyond the Static, Big Dudee Roo, Billy Brandt, Birds Say, Bitzer, Black Note Graffiti, Blue Mesa, Bobby Pennock, Both Sides of the Sky, Breaking and Entering, Buddha Pesto Manifesto, C.J. Ramone, Caleb Ford, California Guitar Trio, Carry Fire, Champion, Chris Richards, Circling the Moon: The Songs of Mike Stephens, Coral Creek, Craig Moreau, Crash Boom Bang!, Darlingside, Dave Caruso, David and The Disasters, Detroit 2 Nashville, Didn't It Rain, Diggin' Down, Dust Bowl: American Stories, Ed Dupas, Eggtones for Fun, Eliza Neals, Elliot Schneider, Every Single Part of You, Everybody Has a Purpose, Extralife, Fair Mitten: New Songs of the Historic Great Lakes Basin, Feel These Blues, For the Dirt, Formaldehyde Tobacco and Tulips, Ghost Light, Gifts or Creatures, Grant Maloy Smith, Greg Nagy, Gregory Stovetop, Happy Curmudgeons, Heavy Days, Heavy Dudee, Here Again and Lost, Hey Kid, Holding On: A Heal My Soul Companion, House Caught Fire, Housewarming, I Dug It Up, If We Dig Any Deeper It Could Get Dangerous, It's Never Too Late, Jason Hawk Harris, Jeff Healey, Jemmi Hazeman and The Honey Riders, Jeremy Clyde, Jimi Hendrix, Joe Kidd and Sheila Burke, Joe Peters, Joel Boyea, Joseph Veloz, Joshua Davis, Judy Banker, Judy Collins, Karen Nash, Katherine Moller, Katy Guillen and The Girls, Kevin Fisher, Korembi, Kozmic Maze, Latvian Radio, Laura Rain and The Caesars, Lay Around That Shack, Let It Shine, Living Inside, Lost on the Road to Eternity, Love and Justice, Luke Winslow King, Lynne Hanson, MAGNUM, May Erlewine, Meant 2 Be, Michael Snyder-Barker, Mick Clarke, Mike Gentry, MJ Bishop, Morgan Treni, Mother Lion, Motor City Shakedown, Nick Piunti, Nick Urb, Nightbird, Nina and the Buffalo Riders, Nora Jane Struthers and The Party Line, Nose Dive, Offerings, Oginalii, Olivia Millerschin, Over the Weather, Overgrowth, Peaks and Valleys, Phil Maq, Philby Album of the Year, Philby Album of the Year 2018, Philby Awards, Pick Your Poison Pick Your Blues, Psychsploitation Today, Rhett Miller, River of Sand, Robert Plant, Royal Wood, Sarah Jane Scouten, Sarah McQuaid, Sarana VerLin, Saskwatch, Savoy Brown, Serve, Seth Bernard, Shady Groves, Shine, Slam Allen, Songs of Movement, Spinning the Earth in Reverse, Stepladders, Storm Queen, Stranded, Strangers Again, Strawberry Heritage, Taller Than They Appear, Temporary High, Ten Cent Tour, Territorial Chant, Territorial chant 6, The Bankesters, The Bayonets, The Bottom Drawer Sessions No.1, The Detroit Dives, The Dirk Kroll Band, The Dreamer and Other Essays, The Dustbowl Revival, The Empty Pockets, The Gap of Dreams, The Good Stuff, The Grey EP, The Jesse Xavier Band, The Mae Trio, The Pandys, The Prefab Messiahs, The Ragbirds, The Rallies, The Sabres, The Threshold and The Hearth, The Traveler, The Turnback, The View From Here, The Way Back Home, This River, This Too Shall Pass, Tim Bennett, Tom Curless, Tommy Emmanuel, Tosha Owens, Trio Reenactment, Two Sides to Every Story, Until the End of Days, Volume II: Without Nothing I'm You, Walk With Me, When the Bloom Falls From the Rose, Where We Are, Whit Hill, Windborne, Witchy Feelin', With a Lampshade On, Without You, Wrong Side of Right Leave a comment
The Philby Best Albums of 2018 Pt. 2, Monday Night from 8PM-10PM EST!!!
Twenty amazing albums down, and it's time for the next batch of twenty on Monday night's "Prime Time Theme Attic" with Phil Maq from 8PM-10PM EST!!! Songs by artists will include Coral Creek (Album cover for "Coral Creek," bottom left), Taller Than They Appear Band, Territorial … Continue reading
Posted in Pre Show Preview Tagged Adrianne Serna, Black Note Graffiti, Brady Clampitt, California Guitar Trio, Coral Creek, Earthwork Music, Eliza Neals, Fair Mitten: New Songs of the Historic Great Lakes Basin, Gifts or Creatures, Jeff the Brotherhood, Jemmi Hazeman and The Honey Riders, Jeremy Clyde, Judy Collins, Katherine Moller, Kozmic Maze, Motor City Shakedown, Rhett Miller, Royal Wood, Sarah Jane Scouten, Saskwatch, Slam Allen, Taller Than They Appear, Territorial Chant, The Detroit Dives, The Mae Trio, The Maes, Tim Bennett, Trio Reenactment, When the Bloom Falls From the Rose Leave a comment


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From Abracadabra to Zombies | View All
spontaneous human combustion (SHC)
Spontaneous human combustion (SHC) is the alleged process of a human body catching fire as a result of heat generated by internal chemical or nuclear action. While no one has ever witnessed SHC, several deaths involving fire have been attributed to SHC by investigators and storytellers. Charles Dickens used SHC as the cause of death of a heavy drinker in his novel Bleak House (1852), fueling a popular belief that excessive drinking could lead to SHC. Responding to criticism that he was encouraging nonsense, in the second edition of Bleak House Dickens claims he knew of some thirty cases of SHC, but he mentions only two.* Both cases allegedly happened over one hundred years earlier. Dickens or his source probably got his information about SHC from stories collected by Jonas Dupont published in De Incendiis Corporis Humani Spontaneis (1763).*
One 17th century tale claims that a drunken German self-ignited due to his having imbibed an excessive amount of brandy. If drinking a great quantity of brandy or any other alcoholic beverage causes self-combustion, there should be many more such cases to study.
Many of the modern SHC stories have originated with police and fire investigators who have been perplexed by partially burned corpses near unburned rugs or furniture. They are completely baffled as to how a body could burn down to ashes except for a leg or a foot, while the rest of the room avoids being consumed by the flames.
Many of the allegedly spontaneously combusted corpses are of elderly people who may have ignited themselves accidentally. Some may have been murdered. Many are elderly women who may have had osteoporosis, making their bones burn at a lower temperature than needed for healthy bones.* Self-ignition due to dropping a lit cigarette or ignition due to another person are ruled out by some investigators as unlikely because they think the whole room should have gone up in flames in such cases. Even when candles or fireplaces present a plausible explanation for the cause of a fire, some investigators favor an explanation that requires belief in an event whose likelihood is extremely implausible.
physical possibility of SHC
The physical possibilities of spontaneous human combustion are remote. Not only is the body mostly water, but aside from fat tissue and methane gas, there isn't much that burns readily in a human body. To cremate a human body requires a temperature of 1600 degrees Fahrenheit for about two hours. To get a chemical reaction in a human body that would lead to ignition would require some doing. If the deceased had recently eaten an enormous amount of hay that was infested with bacteria, enough heat might be generated to ignite the hay, but not much besides the gut and intestines would probably burn. Or, if the deceased had been eating the newspaper and drunk some oil, and was left to rot for a couple of weeks in a well-heated room, his gut might ignite. And in each of these ludicrous scenarios additional oxygen would have to be introduced. These possibilities are so farfetched that I have no reason to believe they, or anything like them, has ever occurred.
Larry Arnold's theory that sometimes human cells are hit by a mysterious particle, the pyrotron, that causes a nuclear chain reaction inside a person's body is based on wild speculation and ignorance of cellular life and spontaneous nuclear fusion.* Some other theories without merit are:
maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) induction, geomagnetism, and even kundalini (a form of yoga/mystic body heating). Perhaps the most preposterous suggestion is that stress can cause a person to burst into flames (perpetuated by Larry Arnold), or that hydrogen and oxygen remain as gasses in human cells and are thus highly ignitable – in which case the reader would do well not to inhale.*
A more economical and reasonable theory of how human bodies burn in rooms without having the entire room engulfed in flames is the idea of the wick effect. The ignition point of human fat is low and to get the fire going would require an external source. Once ignited, however, a "wick effect" from the body's fat would burn hot enough in certain places to destroy even bones. To prove that a human being might burn like a candle, Dr. John de Haan of the California Criminalistic Institute wrapped a dead pig in a blanket, poured a small amount of gasoline on the blanket, and ignited it. Even the bones were destroyed after five hours of continuous burning. The fat content of a pig is very similar to the fat content of a human being. The damage to the pig, according to Dr. De Haan "is exactly the same as that from supposed spontaneous human combustion." A National Geographic special on SHC showed a failed attempt to duplicate the burning pig experiment. However, it is obvious that the failure was due to leaving the door to the room open to the outside, which created a draft and led to the flames igniting everything in the room. Had the room been closed up, as are the rooms in which many of the elderly persons have died in fires attributed to SHC, it is likely that the pig would have smoldered for several hours without the rest of the room becoming engulfed in flames.
In their investigation of a number of SHC cases, Dr. Joe Nickell and Dr. John Fisher found that when the destruction of the body was minimal, the only significant fuel source was the individual's clothes, but where the destruction was considerable, additional fuel sources increased the combustion. Materials under the body help retain melted fat that flows from the body and serves to keep it burning. The reason some bodies are totally consumed except for the legs or feet probably has to do with the fact that these victims were seated when they caught fire and flames move upward. An alternative explanation is given by Brian J. Ford, who argues that bodies combust because of a high concentration of acetone and legs often have too little fat for acetone to accumulate. Ford writes:
....there is one flammable constituent of the body that can greatly increase in concentration. Triacylglycerol lipids cleave to form fatty acid chains and glycerol. The fatty acids can be used as an alternative source of energy through beta-oxidation, giving rise to the key metabolic molecule acetyl-CoA. This helps drive the energy-producing Krebs cycle within the mitochondria of cells.
If the body's cells are starved (which can occur during chronic illness and even during a workout at the gym), acetyl-CoA in the liver is converted into acetoacetate, which can decarboxylate into acetone. And acetone is highly flammable. A range of conditions can produce ketosis, in which acetone is formed, including alcoholism, high-fat low-carbohydrate dieting, diabetes and even teething.
Ford ignited scale models of humans made of pork tissue marinaded in acetone and fully clothed. The models "burned to ash within half an hour. The remains - a pile of smoking cinders with protruding limbs - were exactly like the photographs of human victims."
Some alleged cases of SHC are cases of spontaneous combustion but they are explicable by natural means. For example, a chemical reaction on or in a person's clothing can result in spontaneous combustion. The National Geographic special, mentioned above, investigated a case of a woman whose clothes suddenly caught fire and burned the skin on her thigh. The most likely explanation is that she put a shell in her pocket that was covered in sodium from a fireworks show that had taken place on the beach where she had retrieved the shell. Later, she stuck a wet handkerchief in her pocket with the shell. The sodium may have reacted with the water, releasing hydrogen that self-ignited,* causing her burns. In any case, she did not burn from the inside, as is claimed happens to SHC victims.
Richard Milton, the alternative scientist, lists several cases that he thinks are convincing proof of SHC. All but one of the cases he cites come from Larry Arnold, the one who posits an unknown particle that occasionally strikes a cell inside a person, causing a nuclear reaction. Here's a sampling.
Jean Lucille Saffin. This 61-year-old mentally handicapped woman burst into flames in her kitchen. "Her father, who was seated at a nearby table, said he saw a flash of light out of the corner of his eye and turned ... to find that she was enveloped in flames, mainly around her face and hands." The fire was put out with water by Mr. Saffin and his son-in-law. No cause of the fire was found. How does this qualify as a case of SHC? Because an unnamed policeman told Saffin's relatives that that's what he believed caused Jean's death. Milton is also impressed by the fact that the father and son-in-law claim the fire lasted only a minute or two (so there should be no surprise that the rest of the room didn't go up in flames!). Milton doesn't consider that the testimony of the father and son-in-law may be tainted.
Helen Conway. You've probably seen this picture before.
Conway was an elderly, infirm woman who was a heavy and careless smoker. (There were many cigarette burns in her room.) She burned up while sitting in an upholstered chair in her bedroom. Why is this considered SHC? The fire chief said that's what he believed. He also said it only took 21 minutes for her to burn. If it did, the wick effect would not account for how she burned. (Arnold uses some sort of "deduction" to figure out that it may have taken only six minutes for Conway's body to be consumed.) Since they can't figure out how Conway burned up in such a short time, both Arnold and Milton conclude it was probably SHC.
Joe Nickell speculates that the fire "may have begun at the base of the seated body and burned straight upward, fed by the fat in the torso, and may have thus been a much more intense fire - not unlike grease fires that all who cook are familiar with. Indeed, in searching through the dense smoke for the victim, an assistant chief sank his hand "into something greasy" that proved to be the woman's remains."*
Milton's research in this area is limited almost exclusively to Larry Arnold's book Ablaze!: The Mysterious Fires of Spontaneous Human Combustion, a book which features a blurb from Maury Povich on its back cover. Paranormal investigator Joe Nickell refers to this work as Spontaneous Human Nonsense.
The stories that Milton posts on his web site reveal his willingness to be dazzled by speculations about SHC. It is true that the examples he has chosen can't be explained by the wick effect because they are all of cases where the person in flames is come upon within a relatively short time of being on fire. The wick effect requires hours of slow burning. However, the evidence that any of these cases is actually a case of spontaneous human combustion is flimsy at best.
further reading
books and articles
Callahan Gerald N. (2002). Faith, Madness, and Spontaneous Human Combustion : What Immunology Can Teach Us About Self-Perception. Thomas Dunne Books.
Edwards, Frank. Stranger than Science (New York: L. Stuart,1959).
Ford, Brian J. 2012. Big burn theory: Why humans spontaneously combust. New Scientist . 18 August, pp. 30-31.
Nickell, Joe. Secrets of the supernatural: investigating the world's occult mysteries with John F. Fischer (Buffalo, N.Y. : Prometheus Books, 1991).
Scorched earth policy of 'static man'
Spontaneous Human Combustion. Thoughts of a Forensic Biologist by Mark Benecke, Skeptical Inquirer 22(2) (1998), p. 47-51
New Light on Human Torch Story - human fat as a wick tested
"Spontaneous Human Combustion: No Longer a Burning Issue" by Al Seckel
"Not-So-Spontaneous Human Combustion" by Joe Nickell
FBI Debunks Spontaneous Human Combustion/ Despite Investigation, Believers Still Cite the Supernatural by Todd Venezia
Spontaneous Human Combustion - BBC.com Edited Guide Entry
Experiments in the combustibility of the human body by Angie M. Christensen
Does spontaneous human combustion exist? --
Spontaneous combustion killed Irish pensioner, inquest rules
Coroner gives first spontaneous combustion verdict in 25-year career after man found dead in unexplained circumstances ... The West Galway coroner, Kieran McLoughlin, said there was no other adequate explanation for the death of 76-year-old Michael Faherty, also known as Micheal O Fatharta. He said it was the first time in his 25 years as a coroner that he had returned such a verdict....Garda Gerard O'Callaghan said he went to the house after the fire had been extinguished and found Faherty lying on his back in a sitting room, with his head closest to the fireplace. The rest of the house had sustained only smoke damage. O'Callaghan told the coroner that the only damage was to Faherty's remains, the floor underneath him, and the ceiling above....[Faherty's] body had been extensively burned and, because of the extensive damage to the organs, it was not possible to determine the cause of death....The state pathologist, Prof. Grace Callagy, noted in her post-mortem findings that Faherty had Type 2 diabetes and hypertension, but concluded he had not died from heart failure. (Bob Carroll comments: A 76-year-old man burns to death in front of his fireplace. The body's so badly burned that the cause of death can't be determined, yet one expert ruled out heart failure. What if the expert was wrong? What if poor Faherty ignited himself while tending to his fire and the excitement of trying to extinguish his blazing clothes caused him to fall and pass out? What kind of story is that? Not much, compared to hypothesizing spontanous human combustion.
As another expert notes in this story from the BBC:
Retired professor of pathology Mike Green said he had examined one suspected case in his career.
He said he would not use the term spontaneous combustion, as there had to be some source of ignition, possibly a lit match or cigarette.
"There is a source of ignition somewhere, but because the body is so badly destroyed the source can't be found," he said.

subset: commoncrawl


text: Digital rights groups in Europe have called for a ban on blanket data retention after a leaked internal memo from the European Commission admitted that there are significant problems with the current E.U. Data Retention Directive. The German Working Group on Data Retention (AK Vorrat) published the leaked memo, which lists various issues that the Commission believes must be addressed in the 2006 law. It says that because the law is implemented in different ways in different member states, it disrupts the single market. This is particularly insidious, said AK Vorrat, as the directive was not adopted as a law enforcement tool, but as an instrument of market harmonization. "The Commission has failed to prove the necessity of the data retention directive," said Frank Herrmann of AK Vorrat. "Instead the Commission is asking the E.U. member states for arbitrary examples of benefits of data retention. This obliterates any trust in the impartiality of the Commission."Indeed, the memo says that the benefits of data retention are difficult to quantify as there is currently no account kept of whether data accessed under the Data Retention Directive would have already been available to authorities, or how many successful cases it was used in. Another problem is that there is no Europe-wide definition of a "serious crime" causing many digital rights groups, including EDRi, to worry about the possibility of mission creep.However, while the Commission admits that "there is a continued perception that there is little evidence at an E.U. and national level of the value of data retention," it nonetheless presses forward to find ways of "demonstrating the value of data retention."The Commission is due to present its proposals for the reform of the directive by July 2012.Meanwhile, the Irish High Court has asked the European Court of Justice to rule on whether the Data Retention Directive respects the rights of the user. The request stems from a case brought by Digital Rights Ireland against the Minister for Communications. Digital Rights Ireland argues that forcing telecoms companies to retain information about how customers use their services breaches individual rights to privacy.


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Mopar Block Black Hoodie Pullover
Mopar Block Black Hoodie Pullover
- Embroidered logo direct into fabric
- Colour: black
- Pullover style
- 50% cotton/50% polyester preshrunk fleece knit
- Double lined hood with colour matched draw-cord
Pullover Hoodie Size Chart
S- Chest: 34" – 36" (86-91 cm)
M - Chest: 38" – 40" (97-102 cm)
L - Chest: 42" – 44" (107-115 cm)
XL- Chest: 46" – 48" (117-122 cm)
2XL - Chest: 50" – 52" (127-132 cm)
3XL - (Special Order Only- May not be available)
4XL - (Special Order Only- May not be available)
5XL - (Special Order Only- May not be available)
This hoodie is made on-sight, just for you, as you order it. The design is directly embroidered into the garment.
**** WE PRINT TO ORDER WITHIN 3-5 DAYS (EXCEPT FOR WEEKENDS & STAT HOLIDAYS). Shipments within Canada may take 6 -8 business days, longer during November-December. Shipments to U.S.A. and International may take 12 -16 business days but can take longer depending on customs and holidays.) We are not responsible for lost or stolen packages****
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/casualtsapparel/
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/CasualTsAndGifts/
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.ca/CasualTsApparel/
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CARE & WASHING: All hoodies are machine washable. For best care,
- Wash in gentle cycle with gentle washing detergent in cold water
- Use vinegar in place of fabric softener to keep colour longer (optional and only thru a dispenser never directly on the garment or in machine)
- Wash inside out
- Avoid washing with towels or other rough or heavy fabrics, to avoid damaging print
- Never dry in hot temperature, dry on low
- Do not dry fully in machine, hang to dry
- Avoid ironing any printed or embroidered areas
- Do not use bleach


text:
Nelllie Green Yellow
Regular priceRM45.00
Tax included. Shipping calculated at checkout.
NELLIE ombre series , Half Moon Shawl
Opacity : 50% transparent
NELLIE ombre series , Half Moon Shawl
Material : Quality Chiffon Gorgette
Opacity : 50% transparent
Color : 10% different due to camera lightning. However u may refer to color bar for true color, If u very particular about the color we suggest u to visit our boutique to see the product.
Measurement : 140cm x 66 cm (min. approx) Minimum length you will get.
Design : Half Moon
How to wash: We recommend to lightly hand wash only. Use product softener instead of laundry detergent. Since hijab is a very delicate piece, we suggest you to dry clean or air wash your hijab to maintain material condition.
Exchange Policy : Please refer to our exchange section below.
* Item sold not inclusive accessories


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Now obtaining property, estate and assets information is easy with will deed. Useful clues and interesting information regarding family history can be retrieved from the last will and legacy deeds. From records of will, one can find out the ownership and distribution of the land and property along with other important data.
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Now trace probate or will records without seeking anyone's help. The easy-to-use search tool of Will and Estate Database of Iberville, LA will enable to access data on family property, estate and last testament easily. Other public information and vital records that can be explored here are birth record and death certificate information, county land and property assessment data, county marriage license and divorce decree information, census and family history, naturalization and immigration, civil court, adoption, war enlistment, military and service records. Start your search to gather fascinating bits of information that you are looking for a long time.
To obtain the Louisiana Iberville County Records, please provide the information below. When you fill-up the form, make a note : The more fields you fill in, the more detailed result you will get.
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text:
clamdscan - Man Page
scan files and directories for viruses using Clam AntiVirus Daemon
Examples (TL;DR)
- Scan a file or directory for vulnerabilities:
clamdscan path/to/file_or_directory
- Scan data from
command | clamdscan -
- Scan the current directory and output only infected files:
clamdscan --infected
- Output the scan report to a log file:
clamdscan --log path/to/log_file
- Move infected files to a specific directory:
clamdscan --move path/to/quarantine_directory
- Remove infected files:
clamdscan --remove
- Use multiple threads to scan a directory:
clamdscan --multiscan
- Pass the file descriptor instead of streaming the file to the daemon:
clamdscan --fdpass
clamdscan [options] [file/directory]
clamdscan is a clamd client which may be used as a clamscan replacement. It accepts all the options implemented in clamscan but most of them will be ignored because its scanning abilities only depend on clamd.
- -h, --help
Display help information and exit.
- -V, --version
Print version number and exit.
- -v, --verbose
Be verbose.
- --quiet
Be quiet - only output error messages.
- --stdout
Write all messages (except for libclamav output) to the standard output (stdout).
- --config-file=FILE
Read clamd settings from FILE.
- -l FILE, --log=FILE
Save the scan report to FILE.
- -f FILE, --file-list=FILE
Scan files listed line by line in FILE.
- -p A[:I], --ping A[:I]
Ping clamd up to [A] times at optional interval [I] until it responds.
- -w, --wait
Wait up to 30 seconds for clamd to start. Optionally use alongside ping to set attempts [A] and interval [I] to check clamd.
- -m, --multiscan
In the multiscan mode clamd will attempt to scan the directory contents in parallel using available threads. This option is especially useful on multiprocessor and multi-core systems. If you pass more than one file or directory in the command line, they are put in a queue and sent to clamd individually. This means, that single files are always scanned by a single thread. Similarly, clamdscan will wait for clamd to finish a directory scan (performed in multiscan mode) before sending request to scan another directory. This option can be combined with --fdpass (see below).
- -z, --allmatch
After a match, continue scanning within the file for additional matches.
- --remove
Remove infected files. Be careful.
- --move=DIRECTORY
Move infected files into DIRECTORY.
- --copy=DIRECTORY
Copy infected files into DIRECTORY.
- --no-summary
Do not display summary at the end of scanning.
- --reload
Request clamd to reload virus database.
- --allmatch
Continue scanning within file after finding a match.
- -i, --infected
Only print infected files
- --fdpass
Pass the file descriptor permissions to clamd. This is useful if clamd is running as a different user as it is faster than streaming the file to clamd. Only available if connected to clamd via local(unix) socket.
- --stream
Forces file streaming to clamd. This is generally not needed as clamdscan detects automatically if streaming is required. This option only exists for debugging and testing purposes, in all other cases --fdpass is preferred.
- (0) To scan a one file:
clamdscan file
- (1) To scan a current working directory:
- (2) To scan all files in /home:
clamdscan /home
- (3) To scan a file when clamd is running as a different user:
clamdscan --fdpass ~/downloads
- (4) To scan from standard input:
clamdscan - < file_to_scan
cat file_to_scan | clamdscan -
Return Codes
0 : No virus found.
1 : Virus(es) found.
2 : An error occurred.
Please check the full documentation for credits.
Tomasz Kojm <firstname.lastname@example.com>
See Also
clamd(8), clamd.conf(5), clamscan(1)
Referenced By
clamd(8), clamd.conf(5), clamscan(1), clamsmtpd(8).


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Located in the Dutch Windward Islands, Saba Bank is a flat-topped seamount (20–45 m deep in the shallower regions). The primary goals of the survey were to improve knowledge of biodiversity for one of the world's most significant, but little-known, seamounts and to increase basic data and analyses to promote the development of an improved management plan.
Methodology/Principal Findings
Our team of three divers used scuba to collect algal samples to depths of 50 m at 17 dive sites. Over 360 macrophyte specimens (12 putative new species) were collected, more than 1,000 photographs were taken in truly exceptional habitats, and three astonishing new seaweed community types were discovered. These included: (1) "Field of Greens" (N 17°30.620′, W 63°27.707′) dominated by green seaweeds as well as some filamentous reds, (2) "Brown Town" (N 17°28.027′, W 63°14.944′) dominated by large brown algae, and (3) "Seaweed City" (N 17°26.485′, W 63°16.850′) with a diversity of spectacular fleshy red algae.
Dives to 30 m in the more two-dimensional interior habitats revealed particularly robust specimens of algae typical of shallower seagrass beds, but here in the total absence of any seagrasses (seagrasses generally do not grow below 20 m). Our preliminary estimate of the number of total seaweed species on Saba Bank ranges from a minimum of 150 to 200. Few filamentous and thin sheet forms indicative of stressed or physically disturbed environments were observed. A more precise number still awaits further microscopic and molecular examinations in the laboratory. The expedition, while intensive, has only scratched the surface of this unique submerged seamount/atoll.
Citation: Littler MM, Littler DS, Brooks BL (2010) Marine Macroalgal Diversity Assessment of Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles. PLoS ONE 5(5): e10677. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010677
Editor: Stuart A. Sandin, University of California San Diego, United States of America
Received: May 6, 2009; Accepted: January 24, 2010; Published: May 21, 2010
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
Funding: Financial support for this study came from the Department of Environment and Nature of the Netherlands Antilles, Conservation International and the Smithsonian Marine Station at Ft. Pierce (SMSFP Contribution No. 810). The funding sources provided critical assistance in determining dive site locations but had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Located in the Dutch Windward Islands about 250 km SE of Puerto Rico, Saba Bank is a flat-topped seamount rising 1.8 km from the surrounding sea floor (Figure 1). The dimensions of the Bank are extremely large for an atoll/seamount; the platform above the 200 m isobath is 65 km in length by 40 km in breadth, and it covers an area of 2,200 km2. A large portion of the Bank (about 225 km2 in area) lies between 12 and 20 m in depth and contains a rich assemblage of biota in varied habitats; most of the remainder of the summit is between 20 and 50 m in depth and remains virtually unexplored. Saba Bank meets the true definition of a seamount being isolated by deep water; in this case the nearest islands are Saba and St. Eustatius. Except for the fact that it does not break the water surface, Saba Bank is a classic atoll consisting of a submerged mountain crowned at the summit with a ring of actively growing coral reefs. Saba Bank is the largest atoll in the Atlantic Ocean Basin and one of the three largest atolls on earth [1].
Bathymetric chart of Saba Bank in relation to Caribbean islands, showing the 17 collecting locations with the unique algal sites labeled as Field of Greens, Brown Town and Seaweed City.
Because of its distance from large land masses, Saba Bank is relatively free of the problems that are degrading many Caribbean reef systems, mainly sedimentary run off from poor farming practices or rapid construction, increased nutrient loading from an ever-increasing human population, and overfishing by local fisherman. There is little room for agriculture on Saba Island's five square miles; the ∼1,500 residents rely mainly on income from tourists that come to scuba dive. The fishing community also generates a significant income from fishing nearby Saba Bank.
However, Saba Bank is threatened by the oil trans-shipment depot on nearby St. Eustatius Island. Supertankers stop there to transfer oil to tanks used to fill smaller ships that are able to enter countries without deep-water ports. Rather than pay mooring fees at St. Eustatius, tankers drop anchor on Saba Bank at no monetary cost (but often with detrimental biological damage). The immediate concerns for the Bank includes anchor damage, prop blast, and abrasion by large oil tankers maneuvering off the petroleum trans-shipment facilities on St. Eustatius, petroleum spillage and subsequent use of dispersants, possible overfishing for certain species, and exploration for petroleum reserves (so far unsuccessful). At the same time, the Bank's fisheries and dive operations are economically significant to the small community on Saba Island (about 1,500 residents) that has direct responsibility for its management.
Although it ranks among the major topographic structures of the Caribbean, Saba Bank is one of the most poorly known. A series of interpretations of its structure and origin [2]-[4] has culminated in the view that the Bank essentially duplicates the atolls of the Pacific [5]. Small samples of fishes and possibly other organisms have been collected by passing research vessels (the R/V Oregon in 1968 and 1969 and the R/V Pillsbury in 1969), and Macintyre and others carried out a preliminary survey in 1970 [6]. A Dutch expedition in 1974 utilized echo soundings, bottom sampling, and scuba to characterize the reef communities [5]. The hydrographic research vessel HNMNS Tydeman carried out a survey of the seafloor in 1996, which resulted in the current nautical charts. More recently in a post-hurricane rapid assessment, three sites on Saba Bank's eastern edge showed [7] average macroalgal biomass to be inversely related to that of herbivorous fishes., with turf algae and crustose coralline algae relatively more abundant (8 and 11 times more, respectively).
Saba Bank was the focus of a joint program initiated by the Department of Environment and Nature of the Netherlands Antilles, Conservation International, and the Protocol for Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) of the Convention for the protection and development of the marine environment in the Wider Caribbean (Cartagena Convention), of the Caribbean Regional Seas Program under the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP). The primary goals of the survey were to: improve knowledge of biodiversity for one of the world's most significant coral/algal-capped seamounts; increase basic information in support of improved management; provide data and analyses to support the development of a marine zoning plan; and contribute to a petition to the International Maritime Organization to designate appropriate parts of Saba Bank as Particularly Sensitive Areas.
Much of the paucity of data stems from difficulties in logistics and hazardous sea conditions characteristic of Saba Banks. On some days, the small marine park patrol boats and fishing boat struggled more than 56 km to designated preselected dive sites in 4-m seas.
Three hundred sixty specimens of macrophytes were collected by our team. Many of these include numerous other archived but uncounted species of epiphytes and smaller microscopic taxa. Our preliminary estimate of the number of macrophyte species collected from Saba Bank ranges upward from 150 to 200. A more precise number awaits long hours of microscopic and molecular examinations in the laboratory. However, the present annotated checklist of 98 taxa (Table 1) includes 43 Rhodophyta, 26 Chlorophyta, 26 Phaeophyceae, and 3 Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria). The species accrual curve for these collections (Figure 2) [8] was steadily inclined after the 17 dive sites (Table 2), and showed no clear asymptote, indicating Saba Bank has many more species to be collected. It is important to note that there were few filamentous and thin sheet forms indicative of stressed or physically disturbed environments observed [9], [10].
Several undetermined species (spp.) not included in the check list were used in this graph. Sample based rarefaction curve shown in black is based on 17 dive sites. The Mau Tao estimator [8] of expected richness with 95% confidence intervals shown in blue. The curve reaches no asymptote, indicating a likelihood that many additional algal species remain to be found.
Three sites surveyed were dominated by previously unknown unique algal communities. These included: (1) "Field of Greens" (N 17°30.620′, W 63°27.707′) characterized by an abundance by green seaweeds (Chlorophyta, Figure 3) as well as some filamentous reds, (2) "Brown Town" (N 17°28.027′, W 63°14.944′) dominated by large brown algae (Phaeophyceae, Figure 4), and (3) "Seaweed City" (N 17°26.485′, W 63°16.850′) with a diversity of spectacular fleshy red algae (Rhodophyta, Figures 5 and 6). Possibly 12 new species of brown algae (Figure 7) may be named following further scientific investigation. All of these macroalgae and their collection locations can be viewed as a virtual herbarium [11], where users can search for any combination of phylum, family, genus, species, infra-specific rank, author, collector, collector number and precise location as a satellite map and longitude/latitude. Searching for a given parameter generates information associated with the specimens collected by the project under that parameter. Images taken of in situ living plants from the field are attached at the bottom of the label data.
A region (> one hectare) of Saba Bank (depth 25 m) that our group named "Field of Greens" because the vast sand plain was dominated by green algae (Chlorophyta). Top left: Udotea occidentalis. Top right: Caulerpa mexicana. Middle left: Halimeda cf. tuna forma platydisca. Middle right: Caulerpa prolifera. Bottom left: Penicillus dumentosus. Bottom middle: Caulerpa cupressoides. Bottom right: Caulerpa racemosa f. lamourouxii.
The large region (> one hectare) of Saba Bank (depth 25 m) nicknamed "Brown Town" because of the domination by brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae). Top left: Overview of "Brown Town" habitat with over 50% cover of Dictyota turf. Top right: Dictyota hamifera. Middle left: Stypopodium zonale. Middle right: mixture of Lobophora variegata and Dictyota humifusa. Bottom right: Dictyopteris justii. Bottom right: Sargassum hystrix.
Specimens dominating the stony pavement area (30 m deep) termed "Seaweed City", dominated by red algae (Rhodophyta). Top left: Wrightiella blodgettii. Top right: Hypoglossum hypoglossoides. Middle right: Gracilaria cylindrica. Bottom left: Jania capillacea. Bottom right: Tricleocarpa fragilis.
More Rhodophyta species characteristic of "Seaweed City" (Figure 5). Top left: Porolithon pachydermum. Top right: Scinaia halliae. Middle left: Dasya antillarum. Middle right: Meristiella schramii. Bottom left: Laurencia intricate. Bottom right: Chrysymenia dickieana.
Some examples of potential new species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae) from Saba Bank (35–45 m deep). Top four: Sargassum spp. Bottom right and left: Dictyota spp.
Prior to this survey, the two most diverse areas for algae reported in the Caribbean had been Diamond Rock, Martinique [10] and Pelican Cays, Belize [12], a mangrove, seagrass, and coral complex. Habitats on Saba Bank have far exceeded both of these places for species diversity per unit collection effort. A major reason for this uniqueness and richness is the sheer size and habitat range of the seamount/atoll.
The rim habitats range from windward pristine coral reefs to extensive leeward rhodolith (coralline algal spheres) beds (N 17°25.832′, W 63°40. 962′) containing a high diversity of small epiphytic algal taxa. The Relative Dominance Model [9] is useful for characterizing the health of any given coral reef. According to this model, healthy coral reefs are dominated by reef-building (hermatypic) corals, crustose coralline algae, and high populations of herbivorous fishes – all characteristic of Saba Bank's windward eastern rim and fore-reef slope (Figure 8).
Coral-dominated community characteristic of the windward (east) fore-reef slope of Saba Bank.
Vast sedimentary environments with some interspersed bedrock create relatively unstructured interior plains behind the rim communities, where seagrass beds would normally abound. However, seagrasses are absent (presumably due to excessive depths and insufficient light). Here vast plains of various groups of large and robust algal forms provide the three-dimensional structural heterogeneity. These are many of the rhizophytic (i.e., rooted) Bryopsidales forms typical of healthy seagrass beds in the sedimentary habitats. The seagrass model [13] indicates that these sand plains of robust large epiphyte-free green algae, as in Field of Greens (Figure 3), indicate pristine oligotrophic conditions. The same can be said in the cases of Brown Town (Figure 4) and Seaweed City (Figures 5 and 6), where especially clean robust macroalgal forms predominate on hard bottom. Few filamentous and thin sheet forms indicative of stressed or physically disturbed environments were observed.
Materials and Methods
During 2-16 January 2006, we accompanied a multi-disciplinary team of sixteen other scientists and managers of marine protected areas to conduct a detailed biological assessment and sampling program of Saba Bank. The survey focused on the comprehensive survey of fishes, mollusks, crustaceans, macroalgae, and sponges. The team was supported by three vessels, two marine park patrol boats and a fishing vessel that operated together. Dives were made primarily in representative areas of interest at depths from 12 to 50 m and included both biological sampling and photographic documentation. A photographic overview of this expedition and the three dive sites with highest algal diversity is available online: http://www.littlersworks.net/.
Collections for pressing were taken by hand and preserved in the field and processed upon returning to the Smithsonian Institution. Nearly all specimens were photographed in situ and the same plants were placed in individual numbered plastic bags at the time of collection. These were transferred to polycarbonate scintillation vials, fixed in 5% formalin, finally preserved in 70% ethanol, and later examined microscopically. Additionally, identical specimens for molecular analyses were dried in frozen silica gel, placed in hermetically sealed vials, and stored in a freezer. All macroalgal/seaweed specimens were deposited in the Algal Collection of the US National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution. All Saba Bank projects have collecting permits through CITES (where necessary) and the Saba Conservation Foundation (where CITES is not required).
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: MML DSL BLB. Performed the experiments: MML DSL BLB. Analyzed the data: BLB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BLB. Wrote the paper: MML DSL.
- 1. Meesters EH, Nijkamp H, Bijvoet L (1996) Towards sustainable management of the Saba Bank. A report for the Department of Public Health and Environment (VOMIL) Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. KNAP Project 96-03: 42. Available: http://www.mina.vomil.an/Pubs/MeestersKNAP96-03-Sababank.pdf via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 2. Spencer JW (1904) The windward islands of the West Indies. Transactions of the Canadian Institute 7: 351–370. Available: http://books.google.com/books?id=OM0VAAAAYAAJ via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 3. Vaughan TW (1919) Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, with an account of the American Tertiary, Pleistocene, and recent coral reefs. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Bulletin 103: 189-524+I-XIV. Available: http://books.google.com/books?id=_tgaAAAAYAAJ via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 4. Davis WM (1926) The Lesser Antilles. American Geographic Society, Map of Hispanic America, Publication 2: 212.
- 5. Van der Land J (1977) The Saba Bank, a large atoll in the northeastern Caribbean FAO Fisheries Reports 200: 469–481. Available: http://www.nacri.org/greylit/VanderLandJ_SabaBankAtoll1977.pdf via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 6. MacIntyre IG, Kinsman DJJ, German RC (1975) Geological reconnaissance survey of Saba Bank, Caribbean Sea. Caribbean Journal of Science 15: 11–20. Available: http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/VOL15A/P011-020.PDF via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 7. Klomp KD, Kooistra DJ (2003) A post-hurricane, rapid assessment of reefs in the Windward Netherlands Antilles (stony corals, algae, and fishes). Atoll Research Bulletin 496: 404–437. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10088/4800 via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 8.
Colwell RK (2006) EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 8.0, November 12, 2006. User's Guide and application. Available: http://purl.oclc.org/estimates via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 9. Littler MM, Littler DS (2007) Assessment of coral reefs using herbivory/nutrient assays and indicator groups of benthic primary producers: a critical synthesis, proposed protocols, and critique of management strategies. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 17: 195–215. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10088/2619 via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 10.
Littler MM, Littler DS, Lapointe BE (1993) Modification of tropical reef community structure due to cultural eutrophication: the southwest coast of Martinique. Proceedings of the 7th International Coral Reefs Symposium, Guam, 1992 1: 335–343. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10088/2570 via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 11.
Littler DS, Littler MM, Brooks BL (2007) Marine Algae of Saba Bank. In: Mori SA, Buck WR, Gracie C, editors. Plants and Lichens of Saba, Virtual Herbarium. Available: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/saba/algae.html via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.
- 12. Littler MM, Littler DS (1997) An illustrated marine flora of the Pelican Cays, Belize. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 9: 149.
- 13.
Littler MM, Littler DS (2005) Application of a seagrass management model. In: Krupnick GA, Kress WJ, editors. Plant conservation: a natural history approach. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press. pp. 270-285. Available: http://hdl.handle.net/10088/2611 via the Internet. Accessed 28 Apr 2009.


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The release of a quarter-million secret U.S. diplomatic communiqués could lead to serious misunderstandings in some of the most sensitive parts of the world, but it can't be allowed to change how American diplomats gather and report information, current and former diplomats said Monday.
was dangerous not so much because of what was in them — many are unclassified and none are labeled "top secret" — but because the breach of confidentiality complicates the U.S. government's gathering of "hard-hitting analysis" from its personnel around the world, said Carey Cavanaugh, a former U.S. ambassador and special negotiator for conflicts in Eurasia.
"It's a horrible thing that has happened" because foreign officials and other sources of information may be less willing to trust that what they tell the United States will remain confidential, Cavanaugh said, adding that "very frank, candid" cables are necessary "to make the world work."
Michael Sheehan, a former ambassador-at-large and assistant U.N. secretary-general for peacekeeping operations, saw a different potential problem, saying he feared that the WikiLeaks release would "make a lot of conversations go offline."
Reluctance to put diplomatic information in writing " increases the chances for a misunderstanding in some of the most sensitive discussions" around the world, said Sheehan, who cited negotiations over the nuclear ambitions of North Korea and Iran as especially critical.
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Unvarnished analysis in secure diplomatic cables is vital to informing U.S. policy on " nonproliferation and arms control, addressing violent extremism and promoting the spread of democracy and human rights, to name just a few," Louis Susman, the U.S. ambassador to Britain, said in a statement.
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It's when such assessments become public that nations are forced into a diplomatic corner, as Kennedy would have been in 1963.
"It's a little rougher than people expected, but if you think of countries being like people ... you do have those conversations," he said.


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|Slony-I 1.2.23 Documentation
|Fast Backward
|Fast Forward
There are several configuration parameters that affect the behavior of the replication system. In this section, we describe how to set the slon daemon's configuration parameters; the following subsections discuss each parameter in detail.
All parameter names are case-insensitive. Every parameter takes a value of one of four types: boolean, integer, floating point, or string. Boolean values may be written as ON, OFF, FALSE, YES, NO, 1, 0 (all case-insensitive) or any unambiguous prefix of these.
One parameter is specified per line. The equal sign between name and value is optional. Whitespace is insignificant and blank lines are ignored. Hash marks (#) introduce comments anywhere. Parameter values that are not simple identifiers or numbers must be single-quoted.
Some options may be set through the Command-line, these options override any conflicting settings in the configuration file.
1. Logging
- syslog (integer)
Sets up logging to syslog. If this parameter is 1, messages go both to syslog and the standard output. A value of 2 sends output only to syslog (some messages will still go to the standard output/error). The default is 0, which means syslog is off.
- syslog_facility (string)
Sets the syslog "facility" to be used when syslog enabled. Valid values are LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2, LOCAL3, LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7. The default is LOCAL0.
- syslog_ident (string)
Sets the program name used to identify slon messages in syslog. The default is slon.
- log_level (integer)
Debug log level (higher value ==> more output). Range: [0,4], default 0
There are nine log message types; using this option, some or all of the "debugging" levels may be left out of the slon logs. In Slony-I version 2, a lot of log message levels have been revised in an attempt to ensure the "interesting stuff" comes in at CONFIG/INFO levels, so that you could run at level 0, omitting all of the "DEBUG" messages, and still have meaningful contents in the logs.
- log_pid (boolean)
Determins, if you would like the pid of the (parent) slon process to appear in each log line entry.
- log_timestamp (boolean)
Determines if you would like the timestamp of the event being logged to appear in each log line entry.
Note that if syslog usage is configured, then this is ignored; it is assumed that syslog will be supplying timestamps, and timestamps are therefore suppressed.
- log_timestamp_format (string)
strftime()-conformant format string for use if log_timestamp is enabled. The default is "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z"
- pid_file (string)
Location and filename you would like for a file containing the Process ID of the slon process. The default is not defined in which case no file is written.


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BC needs comprehensive mental health strategy with focus on income, housing and employment supports: Professor
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OTTAWA—The largest contributor to the so-called fiscal imbalance, is interprovincial tax cut competition—not federal cuts in transfer payments, says a study released today by the Canadian Centre for...July 11, 2006 | National Office
OTTAWA—The Ontario government must implement far-reaching forestry and hydro reforms if it is truly serious about safeguarding Northern communities and thousands of woodworking jobs, says a new...June 29, 2006 | BC Office, Ontario Office
(Vancouver) As industry proponents and BC government officials prepare for a closed-door conference promoting 'public-private partnerships' (P3s), a new study raises major concerns about higher costs...June 20, 2006 | BC Office
(Vancouver) Reduced access to publicly-funded home support means frail seniors and people with disabilities are being left without the basic supports needed to monitor their health and postpone, or...June 5, 2006 | BC Office
OTTAWA—A new study from the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives warns that solving the alleged "fiscal imbalance" runs the risk of becoming a downsizing exercise for the federal government. The...May 25, 2006 | National Office, BC Office
Dependence on private dollars in public classrooms raises concerns about equity, accountability—report
Toronto—A wide variety of private fundraising initiatives in Canada's public schools could threaten equitable, high quality, publicly accountable education for students across the country. This...May 15, 2006 | National Office
La dépendance des écoles publiques à l'égard des fonds du secteur privé suscite des préoccupations au sujet de l'équité, de la responsabilisation — rapport
Toronto—La vaste gamme d'activités de financement privé qui ont cours dans les écoles publiques du Canada pourrait menacer l'éducation équitable, de haute qualité et responsable devant la population...May 15, 2006 | National Office
(HALIFAX): Nova Scotians continue to fall behind the rest of Canadians in the level of services they receive according to the Alternative Provincial Budget released today by the Canadian Centre for...May 3, 2006 | BC Office
OTTAWA—The federal government has the resources to maintain and build on the commitments made in the 2004-05 minority Parliament and use upcoming surpluses to move forward on a progressive agenda,...April 27, 2006 | National Office


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text: Find the best ticket prices for Gordon Lightfoot upcoming concerts in Miami, FL. Use our interactive seating charts to craft your perfect experience. These mesmerizing concerts will leave you breathless and provide great memories for years to come. Don't miss out on your chance to watch the epic shows. Get 100% guaranteed tickets for all upcoming events in Miami at the lowest possible price.


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ST. PETERSBURG — Alex Cobb made it clear all spring that he was ready, willing and especially able to help fill the void left by the trade of James Shields and keep the Rays rotation at an elite level.
Saturday, he got off to a pretty good start.
Cobb pitched impressively into the eighth, allowing only four hits, as the Rays blanked the Indians 6-0 before a loud 32,217 at Tropicana Field, recording back-to-back shutouts for the just the second time since 2008 and sixth in franchise history.
"I totally believe he wants to be that guy," Rays manager Joe Maddon said, "And he showed that tonight."
The game was marked by Cobb's sharp pitching, Cleveland starter Trevor Bauer's wildness in walking the first four, and seven in three innings, and the Rays offense overcoming its early inefficiency, led by Kelly Johnson's two-run homer.
But it was the mark on Evan Longoria's backside, after being hit by Cody Allen to open the seventh, that could be most relevant in today's series finale.
Maddon said the consensus among the Rays (3-2) was that Longoria was hit in direct retaliation for a third-inning play when Desmond Jennings plowed over Cleveland catcher Lou Marson, who held on to the ball for the out.
And, though making a point to absolve Indians manager Terry Francona "unequivocably" of blame, Maddon didn't like it.
"The concern they should have over there is that that's how you get players hurt on your team," Maddon said. "For me, it had to come from one of their players, and I would absolutely point to their bullpen. That was pretty specific, I think."
Maddon, Jennings, Francona and, most relevantly, Marson all said it was a good baseball play and a clean play. "Absolutely," Marson said. "He had nowhere to go."
The Rays hitters didn't do much to take advantage of the electric and eccentric Bauer's inability to throw strikes. They got only one run when Bauer walked the first four batters, and none when he put three on in the third, and didn't have a hit until the fourth.
Wasting so many early chances made for an uneasy feeling.
"It's not fun," said Johnson, whose eventful night also included his first start in leftfield. "It felt like it should have been about 6-0."
It got there eventually, though they left 12 on for the night and were 3-for-14 with runners in scoring position. After Johnson's homer, the Rays got an RBI single from Shelley Duncan (after either a crafty slide by Yunel Escobar or a missed call by second-base ump C.B. Bucknor) and a two-run double by James Loney.
There is an intense internal competition among the Rays starters, so Cobb — who struck out six and threw 103 pitches — naturally wanted to outdo Matt Moore, who went six innings Friday.
But his true goal is to be compared to Shields, the veteran leader who was traded to Kansas City.
"I'm not going to be David Price, I'm not going to be Matt, I'm not going to throw 97 (mph)," Cobb said. "I can be Shields. I can do what he did. I can attack hitters, I can go 200 innings. I saw the way he went about getting to that point. I know I can do that. And I want to do that. …
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"If you can walk away after the end of the year and have Shields' reputation of the way he handled things, it would be a successful season."
Marc Topkin can be reached at email@example.com


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Sun Tzu was a legendary military strategist in ancient China and he is the author of the famous book, The Art of War. He was a master of "soft power" and the father of "agile warfare." Whenever possible, he preferred to win without fighting or, at the very least, to win the easiest battles first.
He wrote, "In war, the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won." He advised his troops to "make your way by unexpected routes and attack unguarded spots." And he further stated, "Military tactics are like water. For water, in its natural course, runs away from high places and hastens downwards. So, in war, the way is to avoid what is strong and strike at what is weak."
The teachings of Sun Tzu extend far beyond the field of battle because they are focused on finding the easiest way to achieve a specific goal. His approaches can be applied to everything from business growth and goal setting to weight loss and habit formation.
Let's talk about how to apply military strategy to our daily lives.
The Battle for Better Habits
Too often, we try to build new habits, achieve big goals, and otherwise "win at life" through sheer force. We fight our battles directly and attack the enemy — in this case, our bad habits — at the point where they are strongest.
For example:
- We try to follow a strict diet while we are out to dinner with friends.
- We try to write a book in a noisy environment.
- We try to eat healthy in a house filled with sweets and sugar.
- We try to do our homework with the television on.
- We try to concentrate while using a smartphone filled with social media apps, games, and other distractions.
And when we fall off course and fail to achieve our goals, we blame ourselves for "not wanting it badly enough" and for not having enough willpower. In many cases, however, failure is not a result of poor willpower, but a result of poor strategy.
More from James Clear: The Chemistry of Building Better Habits
Good military leaders start by winning easy battles and improving their position. They wait until the opposition is weakened and morale is low before they take on their foe directly. Why start a war by fighting battles in areas that are well-defended? Why start new habits in an environment that makes progress difficult?
Sun Tzu would never lead his army into a battle where the terrain was not to his advantage. He would not begin by attacking the point where the enemy is strongest. Similarly, we should make easy improvements to our habits first, build our strength, and establish a better position from which to attack the most difficult changes.
Sun Tzu, Master of Habits
Let's adapt Sun Tzu's teachings to building better habits.
Example 1:
- Sun Tzu: "You can be sure in succeeding in your attacks if you only attack places which are undefended."
- Adapted: "You can be sure in succeeding in your habits if you only build habits which are easy to maintain."
Example 2:
- Sun Tzu: "He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight."
- Adapted: "He will improve his behavior who knows which habits to start with and which ones to leave for later."
Example 3:
- Sun Tzu: "A clever general, therefore, avoids an army when its spirit is keen, but attacks it when it is sluggish and inclined to return."
- Adapted: "A clever person, therefore, avoids the areas where bad habits are strongest, but attacks them where they are weak and easy to change."
More from James Clear: To Make Big Gains, Avoid Tiny Losses
Fight Battles You Are Destined to Win
Becoming better is not simply a matter of willpower or work ethic. It's also a matter of strategy. What people assume is a lack of willpower or an unwillingness to change is often a consequence of trying to build good habits in bad environments.
- If you are trying to read more books, don't do it in a room filled with video games, Netflix, and a television. Move to a less distracting environment.
- If you're very overweight, don't try to follow a workout program for college athletes. You can get there eventually, but that's not a battle you need to fight right now. Start with a manageable change.
- If you're surrounded by people who tear down your goals, then work on your projects in a different location or reach out to like-minded people.
- If you're trying to stick to a writing habit when your kids are home from school and your house is in chaos, then work on it at a different time. Switch to a time of less resistance.
More from James Clear: This Coach Improved Every Tiny Thing by 1 Percent and Here's What Happened
Build your habits where it is easy to do so. Re-define the situation. Create a game where the odds are stacked in your favor.
It sounds simple, but how often do you find yourself fighting difficult battles and ignoring easy ones? There is plenty of time to fight the difficult battles. Win the easy battles first.
The smartest path is to improvement is the one of least resistance. Fight battles you are destined to win.
This article originally appeared on JamesClear.com
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Chairman Obey, Ranking Member Tiahrt, Members of the Committee:
I want to begin by thanking you for what you have done to keep America's teachers in the classroom and to keep America's children learning.
The Recovery Act saved nearly 325,000 education-related jobs and another 75,000 non-education jobs at the state level – and that's just through our department. This funding not only helped stabilize the economy and avoid a depression, but it absolutely averted an educational catastrophe.
All told we have obligated over $70 billion dollars from the Recovery Act. We have $25 billion left – most of which will be out the door in the next few months. That money will help states balance budgets, help young people pay for college and help drive the change we need in our classrooms to prepare our children for the jobs of the future.
Let me turn to our proposed 2011 education budget. As you know, while most federal spending is frozen, President Obama is proposing a historic increase in education funding. He understands that education is the key to our economic security and – even in these challenging times – he remains deeply committed to this issue.
The President is requesting a 7.5 percent increase in discretionary spending – from $46.2 billion dollars to $49.7 billion. It supports our cradle-to-career agenda, from pre-school through college. Our K-12 budget is focused on six areas, all of them about supporting students and teachers.
College and Career-Ready Students is our new proposed name for the Title I formula grant program, which we continue to fund at historic levels. The Title I program will also receive substantial Recovery Act dollars next year.
We also propose more funding for school turnarounds from $546 million to $900 million so we can continue to focus on the lowest-performing five percent of each State's schools.
Second, because students need a well-rounded education, we propose a $100 million dollar increase for learning programs beyond tested subjects like reading, writing, math and science, such as technology, the arts, languages, history and other subjects. All told we will request more than $1 billion next year to promote a well-rounded education.
Third, Student Supports are needed to insure the proper learning environment.
Our budget proposes a $245 million increase over 2010 for a total of $1.8 billion dollars to improve school climate, student health, student safety, parental engagement and community involvement.
This includes continued support for the 21st Century Community Learning Centers program. We also want to work with Congress to refine this program so it lifts student outcomes and incorporates enrichment activities through community partnerships.
We're also proposing a major investment in a new program modeled on the Harlem Children's Zone. It's called Promise Neighborhoods and it seeks to transform whole communities with schools as neighborhood anchors. It provides wraparound social services from birth through college to students and families at risk.
The fourth area of reform we are calling Diverse Learners. This includes students with disabilities, who will benefit from a requested $250 million dollar boost to the IDEA formula grant program. Like Title I, IDEA will also continue to receive substantial Recovery Act dollars this year.
Other diverse learning populations include English Language Learners, which will get a $50 million dollar boost under our proposal, and we are maintaining dedicated funding for migrant students, homeless students, rural students, and Native American students.
The fifth area of reform is called Teachers and Leaders. No one is more essential to educational success than the person in front of the class and the person who is running the school building.
This proposed budget seeks $3.9 billion dollars – a $350 million dollar increase – to elevate the teaching profession and get effective teachers and leaders to the schools that need them the most.
We're also requesting a large investment in teacher and principal leadership programs so states and districts can recruit and train the very best possible people they can find.
We further support both traditional and non-traditional pathways into teaching so people from all walks of life can bring their experience and knowledge into the classroom.
And our budget invests in programs to reward educators for raising achievement and working in hard-to-staff schools and subjects.
The final area falls under the category of Innovation. We are proposing almost $2.5 billion dollars to increase high-quality charter and other autonomous public schools and magnet schools and to continue the Race to the Top and the Investing in Innovation programs. With so many children at risk of failure, America cannot accept the status quo. The fact is:
- 27% of America's young people drop out of high school. That means 1.2 million teenagers are leaving our schools for the streets.
- In our 15-year-olds rank 24th out of 29 other countries. In science, our 15-year-olds rank 17th.
- Just 40% of young people earn a two-year or four-year college degree and the US now ranks 10th in the world in the rate of college completion.
We must embrace new approaches to learning and expand proven models of success. We must hold everyone accountable for results. And we must aim higher.
Our states recognize the problem and that's why 48 of them are working together to raise standards, and 40 of them – along with Washington DC – have developed bold reform plans in their bid for Race to the Top funding.
We are also seeing considerable bipartisan interest – both in the states and here in Congress – in our reauthorization proposal. I would like to briefly touch on some of the key elements, which are organized around our three major goals.
- Raising standards so that students graduate high school college and career ready.
- Rewarding excellence and growth.
- Increasing local control and flexibility while maintaining the focus on equity and closing achievement gaps.
We believe that states do not need a prescription for success. They need a common definition of success. And we need a better system of accountability.As you know, NCLB greatly expanded the federal role in holding schools accountable. It required states, districts and schools to report test scores disaggregated by student subgroups, bringing much-needed transparency around achievement gaps. NCLB was right to create a system based on results for students, not just on inputs.
But NCLB's accountability system encourages states to lower standards. It doesn't measure growth or reward excellence. It prescribes the same one-size-fits-all interventions for schools with very different needs.
It also leads to a narrowing of the curriculum and excessive focus on test preparation. And it labels too many schools as "failing" — regardless of the progress they are making.
Our proposal will use student academic growth as the measure of whether schools, districts, and states are making progress. It's a fairer, more honest and more useful indicator. Most educators say they want to be evaluated on growth – not proficiency.
As I said before, our proposal supports a well-rounded education not only by requesting more than $1 billion for the arts, history, science, languages and other subjects but by allowing – not mandating – states to use these subjects in their accountability system.
Under our plan, we will also reward schools that are making the most progress and we will be tough-minded in our lowest-performing schools and schools with large achievement gaps that aren't closing. All other schools will be given flexibility to meet performance targets working under their state and local accountability systems.
Now I understand there are concerns that small, rural districts cannot compete with large urban districts for grants. So here's what we will do.
First of all, we will continue funding the Rural Education Program, also known as REAP. It has not been consolidated with any other programs or funding streams.
Second, we will look at competitive priorities for rural districts where it makes sense and is needed – and we welcome that discussion with you.
Finally, we are also identifying foundations and non-profit organizations to partner with rural districts.
I have traveled to many rural areas in the past year and seen first-hand both the challenges they face as well as their capacity to address them. I am confident that our department can support rural school districts as they work to improve – and compete.
So those are some of the highlights and I encourage you and your staff to review our blueprint for reauthorization which is available on-line.
I want to make one additional point about efficiency and our obligation to taxpayers. In our proposed 2011 budget, we list $340 million dollars in savings by cutting ineffective programs and eliminating earmarks. We also consolidated 38 programs down to 11 funding streams to reduce red tape and paperwork for local educators.
The bottom line is that between our budget and our blueprint we have a coherent and comprehensive vision for education in the 21st century that builds on core values shared by Congress and the administration:
- High standards and better assessments
- Rewarding excellence with real incentives based on student growth
- And a smarter, more limited federal role that supports – rather than directs – state and local educators.
Let me just close by voicing my concern for education budgets across the country.
Even with the remaining Recovery Act dollars, states are facing teacher layoffs, cutting school days, and furloughing teachers to balance their budgets.
For many states, the funding cliff arrives this July.
I want to thank the House for supporting an education jobs bill. I appreciate that there is growing concern that the federal government cannot continue funding states indefinitely.
But America cannot neglect its obligation to children now.
Somehow we must find a way to continue to support our teachers and principals, parents and students so that we emerge from this difficult economic period stronger and better prepared for tomorrow.
Thank you and I am happy to take your questions.


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There are gender wars, and then there are casualties. It wasn't until 2011 that the behemoth toymaker LEGO acknowledged girls' desire to build with bricks, even though the company had long before made a seemingly effortless pivot to co-branding, video games, and major motion pictures. So it's little wonder that girls face all-too-real obstacles when […]Read more
Tag: Martin Luther King
I have a PowerPoint
August 29th, 2013 by IDEA
Words matter. And so does presentation. Fifty years ago, this week, the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech. But what if King eschewed wordiness, and instead delivered a slideshow? What could it look like?
A few years ago, William Easterly Professor of Economics, New York University, drafted a powerpoint, mocking presentation software and the "evocative jargon used by 'social entrepreneurs' trying to change things." Let's compare: (more…)


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Since Meinhard von Gerkan and Volkwin Marg founded their architectural practice von Gerkan, Marg and Partners (gmp) in Hamburg in 1965, they have carried out projects in almost all large cities in Germany and on four continents. The Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói (MAC) presents an overview of gmp's work with the international touring exhibition "Designing in Dialogue – Architectural Answers", which is on now until to August 5. Sketches and drawings provide an idea of the initial conceptual thoughts, models present designs in their three dimensions and photos by well known architectural photographers document the completed buildings. More architects' description after the break.
The exhibition is accompanied by a lecture programme and a library with all books published by the practice since its formation. Exhibited designs from four continents are organized into four conceptual pairs, which cover important principal, practical and theoretical aspects of gmp's work:
- Variety and Uniformity - Mobility and Urbanity - Society and Responsibility - Innovation and Identity
The exhibition room in the Museu de Arte Contemporânea de Niterói (MAC), which was designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer with Bruno Contarini, consists of a circular gallery which is separated optically and spatially from the central exhibition area by wall slabs, and which offers visitors a constantly changing perspective of the exhibits and the museum ambiance.
The exhibition seizes on this special feature and makes it its core design motif: holograms are projected onto the vertical exhibition surfaces to create three-dimensional double images. Depending on the visitor's viewing angle and his position in the room, the object is seen from the left or right in separate images which are independent of each other. He sees two images in one: therefore, the exhibition area has been doubled.


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JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Oct. 21, 2007) - The ETSU women's soccer team picked up its first ever victory over the league leading Kennesaw State Owls, 3-1 on Sunday's A-Sun Game of the Week at Summers-Taylor Soccer Stadium. The Bucs improve to 7-5-3 overall and 3-4-1 in conference play while the Owls fall to 12-3-0 and 7-1-0.
ETSU and Kennesaw State battle for the early lead before the Owls took a 1-0 lead as Caitlin Dingle beat the Buccaneer defenders to net her 13th goal of the season during the 30th minute. The Bucs continued to battle but trailed going into halftime.
In the second period ETSU tied the match at 1-1 when freshman midfielder Kelly Brinkman (Clearwater, Fla.) picked up her fifth goal of the season from 40 yards out on a passes from Aubree Snyder (Reading, Pa.) and Terri Miller (Cape Coral, Fla.) in the 67th minute.
Brinkman then found Jordan Monty (Mesquite, Texas) inside the box just under 10 minutes later to give the Bucs the 2-1 advantage. The goal was Monty's eighth of the season which ties her record from last season.
ETSU continued to pour it on when a trio of Knoxville Bucs combined to give ETSU the 3-1 lead. Katie Green (Knoxville, Tenn.) netted her fifth goal on passes from Meredith Goldman (Knoxville, Tenn.) and Alex Meehan (Knoxville, Tenn.) in the 80th minute.
The Buccaneer defense shutdown the Kennesaw State attack in the second half as the Owls were unable to get off a single shot. ETSU outshot the Owls 14-7 for the match and earned seven corners while the Owls only earned two. Goalkeeper Rachel Van Horn (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) made four saves on the day and has now only given up three goals in her four appearances as keeper.
"It was a great win for us today. We talked about this being a survival game for us before the game and we just executed our game plan," said head coach Heather Henson. "At halftime we made some adjustments and the team was able to convert on our opportunities."
Fans can see the match on Video On-Demand at http://ASun.tv or by clicking on the link above.
The Bucs will hit the road for the final time this season as they travel to the Sunshine State to take on Florida Gulf Coast on Friday, Oct. 26 at 7 p.m. before facing Stetson on Sunday, Oct. 28 at 2 p.m.. For all ETSU women's soccer action visit www.ETSUBucs.com.


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Android has become an enormous success in part by appealing to a lot of people who don't prioritize aesthetics. It's no wonder it's been ugly for half a decade. But finally, it's spawned a truly gorgeous object for everyone: the HTC One.
Google's take on phones was never meant to be pretty—it was just supposed to do all the things the iPhone could. All that mattered was that big touchscreen, and Computer Lite™ things like email and internet. And it did! It was rough, but hey, so was the first iPhone.
But as the software advanced into a fantasy cartoon playground for people who care about custom ROMs and spending hours tinkering with settings, the hardware stalled. Every new Android phone was like every other Android phone—and not in an Ah, slight refinement! way. Just a lazy way. Just a, Hey, let's make this part red now way. All smartphones are basically just glass rectangles, but the Android lineage has never cared to be anything more—never put any attention into powdering its pedestrian little face.
And so for the past half-decade, we've been buying phones like these.
Jetson family heirlooms.
Black chunks.
Early-aughts throwbacks.
Oh, come on.
This looks like an Alienware PC and that's not a compliment.
This rectangle is shiny.
These rectangles look like they fell out of Mad Max's pocket.
Even the mega-hype Galaxy S IV, with internal components of the deities, is identical to what came before it. Just another plastic candy shell.
OK, but here's the HTC One. It's not an anonymous black rectangle, a chintzy plastic slab, or wrapped in some kind of x-treme GI Joe kevlar muumuu. It's machined out of aluminum with the kind of industrial grace and attention that I've seen from the iPhone 5.
Tiny details abound and—with the exception of the just-short-of-barf Beats branding on the back—all of them sing.
The delicate grille above and below the large, crisp screen is yanked straight of the Dieter Rams/Jonny Ive lovechild playbook. It's a little bit of ornamental abstraction, a little bit of functional kick if you're triggering the speakerphone, and something that gives the handset an actual visage—some personality. It has charm. And when we're staring at something every single day of our lives, it's important that it looks back at us with even a faint wink of warmth.
The One's back and front are friendly in every way that Android is stubborn or overwrought, cold and alienating, while still looking everything like a sophisticated and powerful little computer. There's no Fisher Price DNA here, or Nokia's occasional brush with infantilism. Nothing dinky. Nothing effete.
And maybe even more interesting than Apple, standing here in March 2013? Yes, I think so. That's not to say it's better than the iPhone, or necessarily worse, but HTC's managed to build a phone that looks beautiful without aping anyone. It didn't show up to the salon with a glossy cut-out page of some A-lister's hair. It's its own beauty, and that's enough to be a wonderful beauty.
This doesn't excuse HTC's bloated, totally superfluous software skin. It doesn't do much to fix Android's ethos of DIY ROM-modding, touchscreen Tinker Toys for IT Lotharios. It won't change that. But it might shift Android away, gradually, from the kind of phone you get because it's free on-contract—or because it's the only phone that'll let you tinker all day long. It might make Android the kind of software that's put in a beautiful tiny home made out of aluminum, with a slender curved back and Space Age detailing. It might make beautiful Android phones—even the inexpensive ones, because yes HTC, we know you can do it!—the rule, rather than the once-in-five-years pleasant surprise. Most of all, it might make Android an appealing decision rather than a rational one.
Gizmodoscope! Move your mouse around the top photo to move the One. Magic!