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Wednesday, April 30, 2014
Faster. #pascalcampionart. _Don't be afraid honey, I know what I am doing. _Babe... it wouldn't be nearly as much fun if I wasn't afraid.......just go as fast as you can. _You're my hero honey!
Posted by pascal at 10:36 AM 1 comment:
Tuesday, April 29, 2014
Worth the wait.
Worth the wait. #pascalcampionart _How long have you been waiting here? _ a little while.. _..and you brought me flowers? _I did. _You're sweet. _I know.
Posted by pascal at 11:14 AM 1 comment:
Monday, April 28, 2014
Endings are not always happy.
Posted by pascal at 9:45 AM No comments:
Sunday, April 27, 2014
Do you have your seat belts on?
Posted by pascal at 11:19 AM No comments:
Saturday, April 26, 2014
We're building a tree house.
We're building a tree house. #pascalcampionart. _It's going to be the best tree house ever dad! _Yes it is _..and we'll put in a pool, right dad? _..... sure..?
Posted by pascal at 11:12 AM 1 comment:
Friday, April 25, 2014
There is always sunshine after the storm
There is always sunshine after the storm #pascalcampionart. _Don't you worry sweetie, it will go away. Maybe we'll even see a rainbow...
Posted by pascal at 10:16 AM 1 comment:
Thursday, April 24, 2014
The deepest bathtub!
Posted by pascal at 11:12 AM 2 comments:
Wednesday, April 23, 2014
How to give a kiss.
How to give a kiss. #pascalcampionart. _Daddy...I show you. _...? _Put your cheeks like this and stick your mouth out...see? _Haie Chee... _Smooch..I love you Daddy. _Haie Chove Chyou Choo, Cholin. This actually happened last night ( or something very similar to that.) Also, on a side note..as I am drawing and posting this, I am listening to "Let it go" and realizing I know most of the words to the song..sigh... Thank you for that Lily...I love you too.
Posted by pascal at 11:00 AM 2 comments:
Tuesday, April 22, 2014
Nope...JUST the cookie, nothing else!
Posted by pascal at 7:27 AM 2 comments:
Just hold me.
Just hold me. #pascalcampionart _I do, I do want to hear about it all, but right now, I just need you to hold me. _OK... I love y... _Shhh.... _.... _I love you too.
Posted by pascal at 7:15 AM No comments:
Thursday, April 17, 2014
Wondercon @pascalcampionart. Last one for a little while guys, I'm leaving today for Wondercon, in Anaheim. If you are there, please come see me at booth 912. I will NOT be there on Friday though, only Saturday and Sunday.
Posted by pascal at 12:13 PM No comments:
Wednesday, April 16, 2014
Right here and now.
Right here and now. #pascalcampionart _What are you doing? _I always wanted to do this ... dancing in the rain with you. _You are crazy!! _Do you mind? _NOT AT ALL!
Posted by pascal at 9:57 AM No comments:
Tuesday, April 15, 2014
Monday, April 14, 2014
Glass towers.
Glass towers. #pascalcampionart. Bob Ross is playing on my wife's computer, I am painting happy buildings...
Posted by pascal at 9:34 PM No comments:
Saturday, April 12, 2014
Love me, love me not.
Love me, love me not. #pascalcampionart -What do you think...You love me, love me not? _You silly fool..I don't need a flower to know that I love you!
Posted by pascal at 10:40 AM No comments:
Friday, April 11, 2014
Thursday, April 10, 2014
Wednesday, April 09, 2014
Rockwall. #pascalcampionart. Where I grew up in France, there were tons of rock walls like this, protecting the coast from the crashing waves. We use to go rock climbing on them with my brothers, and I especially liked going there when the weather was a little grey, because the waves would be a little rougher, the wind a little louder, and my brother a little closer.
Posted by pascal at 10:13 AM 3 comments:
Tuesday, April 08, 2014
Camper Van.
Camper Van. I was set on drawing a romantic scene before the kids walked in on me...and this is what happened! I kind of like it. #pascalcampionart
Posted by pascal at 9:44 AM No comments:
Monday, April 07, 2014
Sunday, April 06, 2014
Colin riding on a bike with Charly. By Pascal and Lily.
Colin riding on a bike with Charly. By Pascal and Lily. #pascalcampionart _Daddy why did you draw those white things in front of Colin. _They are flowers ... I thought it would make it more interesting. _ They are weird _ You don't like them? _Hmmm..I think you should draw them out. _...like that? _YES! I like it like that. _YOu're right, it works better like that. Thank you Lily. _You're welcome.
Posted by pascal at 3:58 PM 1 comment:
The night that made it all worth it.
Posted by pascal at 9:38 AM No comments:
Saturday, April 05, 2014
Friday, April 04, 2014
Just her, all of her
Posted by pascal at 10:06 AM 1 comment:
Thursday, April 03, 2014
Good night song.
Posted by pascal at 8:44 PM No comments:
All I could think of was how good her hair smelled.
All I could think of was how good her hair smelled. #pascalcampionart Another test .. trying something a little different.
Posted by pascal at 12:02 PM 1 comment:
Wednesday, April 02, 2014
Tuesday, April 01, 2014
After the game.
After the game. #pascalcampionart. _Max _Yes dad ? _Nothing.. I just like saying your name. _... you're funny daddy. _ Tell that to your mother..she still doesn't believe me when I tell her.
Posted by pascal at 3:04 PM 1 comment:
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Our patients are so much more than patients. They are people, with families and friends, memories and dreams.
Heart and Vascular Screenings and Diagnostics
The first step to overcoming a heart or vascular condition is an accurate diagnosis. We offer a full range of advanced screening and diagnostic technology to identify your condition and begin treatment. We will make sure you understand what to expect, what tests are being conducted and why, and who is involved in your care.

subset: commoncrawl


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According to USA Today, the NFL will change their logo. You can see the change below --
According to the report, the NFL is looking to make an "evolutionary, not radical" change. Below are the specifics of the change --
The league is creating a leaner, meaner version of the iconic logo that will debut at the NFL draft in April, 2008. The revamped shield will be slightly taller and thinner, with a new football, fewer stars and darker colors, says Lisa Baird, the NFL's senior vice president of marketing. The redesign marks the first changes to the shield since 1980.
*The new shield features eight stars (representing the eight AFC and NFC divisions) vs. 25 on the current logo. Why 25? It's a mystery. After researching the shield's origins, the designers could find no reason for 25 stars, says Jaime Weston, director of brand and creative operations. The shield logo was first used around 1940, two decades after the NFL's founding in 1920.
* The football at the center has been redesigned to resemble the ball atop the Vince Lombardi championship trophy, says Baird. It replaces the old-fashioned pigskin nicknamed the "Hamburger" inside league offices.
*NFL vendors will probably thank the league for switching to fewer stars. Some vendors, without permission, have used fewer stars rather than shoehorning 25 tiny stars into smaller shields on hats and T-shirts.
Tinkering with one of the country's most powerful and ubiquitous sports brands will be a risky and expensive business. NFL sponsors such as Reebok, Riddell, Wilson and EA Sports will have to switch shields on everything from uniforms (players wear three logos at the neck and waistlines and on the helmet) and licensed merchandise to the official "Duke" game ball and Madden video game. Even groundskeepers will have to adopt the new shield at NFL stadiums.
But Baird believes the cleaner, more modern symbol will "pop" better during TV telecasts. The less-busy logo will also show up better on "third screens" increasingly used by sports fans: cellphones, laptops, iPods and PDAs.
I guess no one can claim the NFL is afraid of change....


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IT professionals seeking certifications in the coming months may get their best return with cloud and security-related certifications. Agile-related training won't hurt, either.
But there are many other skills that are more likely to be valued by employers than others, according to the most recent quarterly tracking analysis by Foote Partners. This survey calculates skill rankings on what employers are willing to pay.
Skills sets tracked by Foote cover two broad areas: Certified and noncertified. Certified skills are typically vendor-driven and, while potentially useful for a job, are part of product marketing. Noncertified skills reflect actual market demand by employers.
Foote's rankings are based on data from than 2,600 employers. Value is determined by cash premium, or money that is added to a paycheck in the form a bonus.
Using a bonus, instead of a salary increase, gives employers the flexibility to shift money around as demands for certain skills rise and fall, Foote said.
Foote's list of the top 10 noncertified skills:
- JavaFX
- SAP BODI (Business Objects Data Integrator)
- Business performance management (software/systems)
- SAP GTS (Global Trade Services)
- Predictive Analytics and Modeling
- Oracle Exadata
- Scrum
- SAP FI - FSCM (Financial Supply Chain Management)
- SAP MM (Materials Management)
- Mobile operating systems
While JavaFX, an Oracle-developed platform for rich Internet applications leads the list, Foote sees it as a niche skill, and not one with long staying power. But that won't be the case for Oracle Exadata, the in-memory system skills, Scrum, and predictive analytics as being the skills most likely to gain in value over the long-run, he said.
The value of certifications with employers has declined, but it is beginning to rise again, especially as demand for security and cloud certifications increase.
The certifications are offered by vendors to the employees of user companies. Vendors train the company's employees, who are certified based on a written test. Foote said standards were loose, however, and raised doubts about the value of a certification. Improvements have been made, however, and certification in some of the more demanding areas, such as architecture, may depend on successful examination by a peer review board, similar to the process a university might use for a student defending a thesis.
The top 10 certified skills:
- SAS Certified Advanced Programmer
- GIAC Certified Penetration Tester
- InfoSys Security Management Professional (ISSMP/CISSP)
- SAS Certified Base Programmer
- HP Master ASE - Storage Solutions Architect V1
- Microsoft Certified Solution Developer: Applications Lifecycle Management
- Linux Professional Institute certification
- CWNP/Certified Wireless Network Administrator
- HP/Master ASE - Data Center and Cloud Architect V1
- Oracle Certified Master, Java SE Developer
What's helping certifications are cloud computing and security. Major retailers have suffered costly data breaches, and companies are seen as more willing to spend on security.
Not too long ago, "cyber security was something that only a handful of industries (mostly public sector) were investing in," said Foote, "but now you are seeing it everywhere."
The IT certifications that are showing strong growth in pay premiums and are likely to gain in the next three to six months are around cloud, architecture, agile, systems/networking, security, data, and data center.
This story, "IT skills that are in demand, and those that will be" was originally published by Computerworld.


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As part of CREW Network, the industry's premier networking coalition, CREW New Mexico is dedicated to transforming the commercial real estate industry by advancing women globally. CREW Network's membership of 12,000 professionals in over 75 major global markets represents all aspects of commercial real estate - providing our members with direct access to real estate professionals across all geographies and disciplines.
Learn more about CREW Network
Create a dynamic and supportive environment that promotes advancement through knowledge sharing and networking
Push the boundaries in every facet of commercial real estate through provocative dialogue among peers drawn from every discipline in the industry
CREW New Mexico members are empowered by sharing their knowledge and experience with others in our community, while also learning from the insight and know-how of others. That's why we focus our efforts on networking programs such as monthly breakfasts and luncheons in addition to interesting and educational members only events. In growing and strengthening our network, we aim to create more opportunities for women in commercial real estate.
CREW New Mexico's support of CREW Network positions our chapter as a leader within the CREW Network organization. Our financial contribution supports technology upgrades and enhancements to provide members with new ways to connect and network globally and supports the development and expansion of critical network-wide member services offered by CREW Network.
Special thanks to the members and sponsors of CREW New Mexico who are critical to our chapter's success and enable us to continue this support, which along with support of other chapters, is allowing us to reach more commercial real estate professionals and provide a bigger impact on the industry.
Learn more
Advancing the Achievements of Women in Commercial Real Estate
Core Values
Relationships: build your business
Expertise: increase your knowledge
Leadership: advance your career
CREW Network was founded in 1989 to bring together women involved in the many aspects of commercial real estate to exchange information, develop business contacts and help each other succeed professionally. Today, CREW Network is the premier business organization dedicated to transforming the commercial real estate industry by advancing women globally. We provide support to our 12,000 members worldwide through business development, leadership development, industry research and career outreach.
Facilitating business networking and deal making among our multi-disciplinary membership is the cornerstone of our organization. We deliver impactful networking opportunities including three Leadership Summits and the CREW Network Convention and Marketplace annually. Members also have exclusive access to our CREWbiz technology platform, which serves as a membership directory, resource and referral center, personal marketing tool and app.
CREW Network is the world's leading researcher on women in commercial real estate. Our industry research produces white papers annually and a benchmark study every five years, delivering data and action items to advance women in commercial real estate and positively impact the industry.
Building effective leaders is key to advancing the commercial real estate industry. We dedicate significant resources to providing our members with high-level leadership development training and opportunities to serve on global boards and committees to develop and hone applicable leadership skills.
CREW Network and our Foundation are committed to bringing more women into commercial real estate by creating programs that educate women and girls about the career opportunities available to them, supporting college-level commercial real estate education through scholarships, and providing mentorships to those new to the industry.


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OpenOffice.org2GoogleDocs (OOo2GD) is a plugin to OpenOffice.org/StarOffice (should work also with other Offices derived from OpenOffice.org) which will let you export and import your documents, spreadsheets and presentations to and from Google Docs, Zoho. It will let you also export your files to WebDAV servers and "synchronize" your documents, spreadsheets and presentations with Google Docs.
So, you can:
OOo2GD may work in English, Bulgarian, German. Polish, Russian, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese (Brazilian), Chines (Simplified), French, Czech, Hungarian. To change your language use Configuration window.
If you want to share your opinion about OOo2GD you may do it by filling this survey form:


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Soc.Culture.Jewish NewsgroupsURL: www.scjfaq.org/rl/jrc-education.html
|Overall RL Index
Our goal is to keep this list useful for its readers. To that end, suggestions of books to add to the list are always welcome. In your suggestion, please be as complete as possible; we need author, title, publisher, publishing date, and ISBN number. We also welcome a one paragraph short summary of why the book is of interest. Please send your suggestions to the FAQ maintainer at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The soc.culture.jewish Reading Lists have associations with Amazon.com and Artscroll. The presence of an Amazon () or Artscroll () tag on a list item means the item is available from the indicated vendor. There is always the possibility that the items status has changed since the tag was added; in particular, items may have moved to special order, backorder, or on-order status. If you have corrections to the tag, or want to provide a synopsis of the book, please drop a note to email@example.com.
© (c) 1993-2001
Daniel P. Faigin <firstname.lastname@example.com>


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The Biblical Reader: Consisting of Rhetorical Extracts from the Old and New Testaments, to which is Applied a Notation, Designed to Assist in the Public and Private Reading of the Scriptures
Gould and Newman, 1834 - 263 páginas
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Biblical Reader: Consisting of Rhetorical Extracts From the Old and New ...
Ebenezer Porter
Sin vista previa disponible - 2015
Biblical Reader: Consisting of Rhetorical Extracts From the Old and New ...
Ebenezer Porter
Sin vista previa disponible - 2018
Términos y frases comunes
according angel answered asked behold believe blessed body brethren bring brother brought called cast chief Christ cometh commanded cried David dead death delivered departed disciples earth enter evil eyes face faith father fear feet fell fire flesh follow gave give given glory hand hath hear heard heart heaven Holy hour Israel Jerusalem Jesus Jesus Christ Jesus saith unto Jews John judge kill king kingdom knew known laid land light live looked Lord Moses mouth night opened pass Paul peace Peter Pharisees pray preach priests prophets receive righteous Saul say unto seen sent servant shew spake speak Spirit stand stood suffer tell temple thine things thou hast thou shalt told took turned unto thee Verily voice walk whole whosoever woman worship
Pasajes populares
Página 181 - Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you.
Página 107 - Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.
Página 227 - Now I beseech you, brethren, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you; but that ye be perfectly joined together in the same mind and in the same judgment.
Página 91 - And when thou prayest, thou shalt not be as the hypocrites are: for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and in the corners of the streets, that they may be seen of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
Página 186 - Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Ghost, he hath shed forth this, which ye now see and hear.
Página 91 - Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.
Página 228 - Every man's work shall be made manifest : for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is.
Página 249 - And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and filled ; notwithstanding ye give them not those things which are needful to the body; what doth it profit?
Página 183 - Verily, verily, I say unto thee, When thou wast young, thou girdedst thyself, and walkedst whither thou wouldest : but when thou shalt be old, thou shalt stretch forth thy hands, and another shall gird thee, and carry thee whither thou wouldest not.
Página 224 - How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed ? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard ? and how shall they hear without a preacher...


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The report "UV Disinfection Equipment Market with COVID-19 Impact Analysis by Component (UV Lamps, Reactor Chambers), Power Rating (High, medium, low), Application (Water and Wastewater, Surface), End-user (Municipal, Residential), Geography – Global Forecast to 2026″, size is projected to reach USD 9.2 billion by 2026 from an estimated USD 4.8 billion in 2021, at a CAGR of 14.0% from 2021 to 2026. The increasing demand for UV disinfection equipment to combat COVID-19 pandemic is among the factors driving the growth of the UV disinfection equipment market.
• Informational PDF Brochure :- https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/pdfdownloadNew.asp?id=217291665
Browse 171 market data Tables and 66 Figures spread through 235 Pages and in-depth TOC on "UV Disinfection Equipment Market with COVID-19 Impact Analysis Geography – Global Forecast to 2026″View detailed Table of Content here – https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/uv-disinfection-market-217291665.html
UV lamps segment to projected to register the highest CAGR between 2021 to 2026
The UV lamps segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period. UV disinfection equipment can employ single or multiple UV lamps depending on the function of the equipment. The decreased operating cost of UV disinfection equipment due to the adoption of UV LED has fueled the growth of the market.
High-power UV disinfection equipment segment held the largest share of the market in 2020
In 2020, high-power UV disinfection equipment held the largest share of the UV disinfection equipment market. Market growth can be attributed to the huge demand for high-power UV disinfection equipment from municipal corporations. These equipment are suitable for municipal water and wastewater treatment applications as they can be used for disinfecting large amounts of water in less time.
By application, water and wastewater disinfection application is projected to grow at highest CAGR during forecast period
The UV disinfection equipment market for water and wastewater disinfection application is projected to record the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Market growth can be attributed to the rising concern regarding water and wastewater treatment among governments across the world. Also, regulations are imposed on wastewater discharge in the large water bodies by the government of different countries across the world.
By end user, municipal segment is projected to grow at highest CAGR during forecast period
The municipal segment is expected to witness the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The surging demand for water and wastewater disinfection in this sector is primarily responsible for the market growth. The increasing concern toward preserving natural resources by using an environmentally friendly disinfection solution for the treatment of water and wastewater in rivers and natural springs is among the main reasons driving the growth of the UV disinfection equipment market in the municipal segment.
By region, APAC UV disinfection equipment market estimated to grow at highest CAGR throughout the forecast period
The UV disinfection equipment market in APAC is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. Successful projects such as the Clean Ganga project in APAC are contributing to the growth of the market in the region. Moreover, the high adoption rate of UV technology in countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, and India, along with the increasing number of startups dealing in UV technology, drives the growth of the UV disinfection equipment market in APAC.
Xylem Inc. (US), Trojan Technologies (Canada), Halma Group (UK), Kuraray Co., Ltd. (Japan), Atlantic Ultraviolet Corporation (US), Evoqua Water Technologies LLC (US), Advanced UV, Inc. (US), American Ultraviolet (US), Atlantium Technologies Ltd. (Israel), and Hoenle AG (Germany), are some of the key players in the UV disinfection equipment market.
Don't miss out on business opportunities in UV Disinfection Equipment Market. Speak to our analyst and gain crucial industry insights that will help your business grow.
About MarketsandMarkets™
MarketsandMarkets™ provides quantified B2B research on 30,000 high growth niche opportunities/threats which will impact 70% to 80% of worldwide companies' revenues. Currently servicing 7500 customers worldwide including 80% of global Fortune 1000 companies as clients. Almost 75,000 top officers across eight industries worldwide approach MarketsandMarkets™ for their painpoints around revenues decisions.
Our 850 fulltime analyst and SMEs at MarketsandMarkets™ are tracking global high growth markets following the "Growth Engagement Model – GEM". The GEM aims at proactive collaboration with the clients to identify new opportunities, identify most important customers, write "Attack, avoid and defend" strategies, identify sources of incremental revenues for both the company and its competitors. MarketsandMarkets™ now coming up with 1,500 MicroQuadrants (Positioning top players across leaders, emerging companies, innovators, strategic players) annually in high growth emerging segments. MarketsandMarkets™ is determined to benefit more than 10,000 companies this year for their revenue planning and help them take their innovations/disruptions early to the market by providing them research ahead of the curve.
MarketsandMarkets's flagship competitive intelligence and market research platform, "Knowledgestore" connects over 200,000 markets and entire value chains for deeper understanding of the unmet insights along with market sizing and forecasts of niche markets.
Media ContactCompany Name: Marketsandmarkets pvt ltdContact Person: Mr. Aashish MehraEmail: Send EmailPhone: 18886006441Address:630 Dundee Road Suite 430City: NorthbrookState: IL 60062Country: United StatesWebsite: https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/uv-disinfection-market-217291665.html


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If People Can't Afford to Live Near Work, They Probably Won't Bike Commute
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This notice went into effect on April 14, 2003. It was updated on June 6, 2013.
If you have any questions about this Notice of Privacy Practices, please contact Patient Relations at 718.250.8292 or refer to the contact information on the last page of this Notice.
We may use your medical information for treatment, payment, hospital operations, or research purposes as described in this Notice. All of the employees, staff (including physicians on our medical staff), and other personnel of The Brooklyn Hospital Center follow these privacy practices. In this Notice, we will refer to The Brooklyn Hospital Center as the "Hospital."
This notice will tell you about the ways we may use and disclose medical information about you. We also describe your rights and certain obligations we have regarding the use and disclosure of medical
information. We are required by law to:
• make sure that medical information that identifies you is kept private;
• give you this notice of our legal duties and privacy practices with respect to your medical information; and
• follow the terms of the notice that is currently in effect.
The following categories describe different ways that we use and disclose medical information. For each category of uses or disclosures, we will explain what we mean and give examples. Not every use or disclosure in a category will be listed. However, all of the ways we are permitted to use and disclose information will fall within one or more of the categories.
For Treatment - We may use medical information about you to provide you with medical treatment or services. We may disclose medical information about you to doctors, nurses, technicians, medical students, or other Hospital personnel who are involved in taking care of you. For example, a doctor treating you for a broken leg may need to know if you have diabetes, because diabetes may slow the healing process. In addition, the doctor may need to tell the dietician if you have diabetes so that he can arrange for appropriate meals. Different departments of the Hospital also may share medical information about you in order to coordinate the different things you need, such as prescriptions, lab work, and x-rays. We also may disclose medical information about you to people outside the Hospital who may be involved in your medical care.
For Payment - We may use and disclose medical information about you, so that we may bill for treatment and services you receive at the Hospital and can collect payment from you, an insurance company, or another party. For example, we may need to give information about surgery you received at the Hospital to your health plan so that the plan will pay us or reimburse you for the surgery. We may also tell your health plan about a treatment you are going to receive in order to obtain prior approval or to determine whether your plan will cover the treatment. We may also disclose information about you to other healthcare facilities for purposes of payment as permitted by law. You may restrict disclosures of medical information to your health plan regarding services you paid for yourself in full.
For Health Care Operations - We may use and disclose medical information about you for operations of the Hospital. These uses and disclosures are necessary to run the Hospital and make sure that all of our patients receive quality care. For example, we may use medical information to evaluate the performance of our staff caring for you. We may also combine medical information about many patients to decide what additional services the Hospital should offer, what services are not needed, and whether certain new treatments are effective. We may also disclose information to doctors, nurses, technicians, medical students, and other Hospital personnel for educational purposes. We may also combine medical information we have with medical information from other hospitals to compare our performance and to make improvements in the care and services we offer. We may also disclose information about you to other healthcare facilities as permitted by law.
Appointment Reminders - We may use and disclose medical information to contact you to remind you that you have an appointment for treatment or medical care.
Treatment Alternatives - We may use and disclose medical information to tell you about possible
treatment options that may be of interest to you.
Health-Related Benefits and Services - We may use and disclose medical information to tell you about health-related benefits or services that may be of interest to you.
Fundraising Activities - We may contact you in an effort to raise money for the Hospital. Unless you give us permission to use additional information, we would limit use of your information to contact information such as your name, address and telephone number; the dates you received treatment or services at the Hospital; your treating physician and department; and your general outcome. If you do not want to be contacted for fundraising, you may opt out of such efforts by following the procedures described in fundraising letters you receive, or by notifying the Brooklyn Hospital Foundation.
Inpatient Directory - We may include certain limited information about you in the Hospital's
directory while you are a patient at the Hospital so your family, friends, and clergy can visit you and generally know how you are doing. This information may include your name, location in the Hospital, your general condition (fair, stable, etc.) and your religious affiliation. This information, except for your religious affiliation, may be released to people who ask for you by name. This information, including your religious affiliation, may be given to a member of the clergy even if they don't ask for you by name. You may specifically request that we not include you in the directory when you register.
Individuals Involved in Your Care or Payment for Your Care - We may release medical information about you to a friend or family member who is involved in your medical care. We may also give information to someone who helps pay for your care. We may tell your family or friends your condition. We may disclose medical information about you to an entity assisting in a disaster relief effort so that your family can be notified about your condition, status, and location.
Research - Under certain circumstances, we may use and disclose medical information about you for
research purposes. For example, a research project may involve comparing the health and recovery of all patients who received one medication to those who received another for the same condition. All research projects, however, are subject to a special approval process. This process evaluates a proposed research project and its use of medical information to balance research needs with patients' need for privacy of their medical information. Before we use or disclose medical information for research, the project will be approved through this process. However, we may disclose medical information about you to people preparing to conduct a research project, for example to help them look for patients with specific medical conditions, so long as the medical information they review does not leave the Hospital. When required by law, we will ask for your written authorization if the researcher will have access to your name, address, or other information that reveals who you are, or will be involved in your care at the Hospital.
As Required By Law - We will disclose medical information about you when required to do so by federal, state, or local law.
To Avert a Serious Threat to Health or Safety - We may use and disclose medical information about you when necessary to prevent a serious threat to your health and safety or the health and safety of the public or another person.
New York State Law - Special privacy protections apply to HIV-related information, alcohol and
substance abuse information, mental health information, and genetic information. Some parts of this
Notice of Privacy Practices may not apply to these types of information. If your treatment
involves this information, you will be provided with a separate notice explaining how the information will be protected.
Organ and Tissue Donation - If you are an organ or tissue donor, we may release medical information to organizations that handle organ procurement or to an organ donation bank.
Military and Veterans - If you are a member of the armed forces of the United States or another country, we may release medical information about you as required by military command authorities.
Worker's Compensation - We may release medical information about you for worker's compensation or similar programs.
Public Health Risks - We may disclose to authorized public health or government officials medical
information about you for public health activities such as the following:
for purposes related to the quality, safety or effectiveness of an FDA-regulated product or service
to prevent or control disease, injury or disability
to report births and deaths
to report child abuse or neglect
to report reactions to medications or problems with food or other products
to notify people of recalls or replacements of products they may be using
to notify a person who may have been exposed to a disease or may be at risk for contracting or spreading a disease or conditions
to notify the appropriate government authority if we believe a patient has been the victim of abuse, neglect or domestic violence. We will only make this disclosure if you agree or when required or authorized by law.
Health Oversight Activities - We may disclose medical information to a health oversight agency for
activities authorized by law. These oversight activities include, for example, audits, investigations,
inspections, and licensure.
Lawsuits and Disputes - If you are involved in a lawsuit or a dispute, we may disclose medical
information about you in response to a court or administrative order. We may also disclose medical
information about you in response to a subpoena, discovery request, or other legal demand by someone else involved in the dispute, but only if efforts have been made to tell you about the request or to obtain an order protecting the information requested.
Law Enforcement - We may release medical information if asked to do so by a law enforcement official:
• in response to a court order, subpoena, warrant, summons, or similar process;
• to identify or locate a suspect, fugitive, material witness, or missing person;
• about the victim of a crime, if under certain circumstances we are unable to obtain the person's agreement;
• about a death we believe may be the result of criminal conduct;
• in emergency circumstances to report a crime; the location of the crime or victims; or the identity, description, or location of the person who committed the crime;
• to authorized federal officials so they may provide protection for the President and other authorized persons or conduct special investigations;
• to authorized federal officials for intelligence, counterintelligence and other national security activities authorized by law.
Coroners, Medical Examiners and Funeral Directors - We may release medical information to a coroner or medical examiner. This may be necessary, for example, to identify a deceased person or determine the cause of death. We may also release medical information to funeral directors so they can carry out their duties.
You have the following rights regarding medical information we maintain about you:
Right to Inspect and Copy - You have the right to inspect and copy medical information that may be used to make decisions about your care. Usually, this includes medical and billing records. This right does not include psychotherapy notes, information compiled for use in a legal proceeding, or certain information maintained by laboratories.
In order to inspect and copy medical information that may be used to make decisions about you, you must submit your request in writing to the Hospital's Health Information Management ("Medical Records") Department. If you request a copy of the information, we may charge a fee for the costs of copying, mailing, or other supplies associated with your request. We may deny your request to inspect and copy in certain limited circumstances, but you may request that the denial be reviewed. A licensed healthcare professional will conduct the review. The reviewer will not be the person who denied your original request. We will comply with the outcome of the review.
Right to Amend - If you think that medical information we have about you is incorrect or incomplete, you may ask us to amend the information. You have the right to request an amendment for as long as the information is kept by the Hospital. Your request must be made in writing and submitted to the Hospital's Health Information Management department. You must give a reason that supports your request. We may deny your request for an amendment if it is not in writing or does not include a reason to support the request. In addition, we may deny your request if you ask us to amend information that:
• was not created by us, unless the person or entity that created the information is no longer available to make the amendment;
• is not part of the medical information kept by the Hospital;
• is not part of the information that you would be permitted to inspect and copy; or
• is accurate and complete.
We will provide you with written notice of action we take in response to your request for amendment.
Right to an Accounting of Disclosures - You have the right to request an "accounting of disclosures." This is a list of certain disclosures we made of medical information about you. We are not required to account for any disclosures you specifically requested or for disclosures related to treatment, payment, healthcare operations, or made pursuant to an authorization signed by you.
To request an accounting of disclosures, you must submit your request in writing to Health Information Management. Your request must state a time period, which may not be longer than six years. We will attempt to honor your request. If you request more than one accounting in any 12-month period, we may charge you for our reasonable retrieval, list preparation, and mailing costs for the second and subsequent requests. We will notify you of the costs involved, and you may choose to withdraw or modify your request at that time before any costs are incurred.
Right to be Notified of Breach of Your Information – You have the right to be notified by the Hospital following any breach of your medical information.
Right to Request Restrictions -You have the right to request a restriction or limitation on the medical information we use or disclose about you for treatment, payment, or health care operations. You also have the right to request a limit on the medical information we disclose about you to someone who is involved in your care or the payment for your care, such as a family member or friend. We are not required to agree to your request, except that you may request us to withhold medical information from your health plan if the information relates to services you paid for yourself in full. If we do agree, we will comply with your request unless the information is needed to provide you emergency treatment.
Right to Request Confidential Communications. You have the right to request that we communicate with you about medical matters in a certain way or at a certain location. For example, you can ask that we only contact you at work or by mail. To request confidential communications, you must make your request in writing to Health Information Management. We will not ask you the reason for your request. Your request must specify how or where you wish to be contacted. We will attempt to accommodate reasonable requests.
Right to a Paper Copy of This Notice. You have the right to a paper copy of this Notice at your first treatment encounter at the Hospital. You may get an additional copy of this Notice at any time by contacting Patient Relations. You may also obtain a copy of this notice at our website,http://www.tbh.org.
We reserve the right to change this Notice. We reserve the right to make the changed Notice effective for medical information about you we already have as well as any information we receive in the future. We will post a copy of the current Notice in the Hospital. The Notice will contain on the first page the effective date. In addition, each time you register at or are admitted to the Hospital for treatment or health care services as an inpatient or outpatient, we will make available copies of the current Notice. Any revisions to our Notice will also be posted on our website.
If you believe your privacy rights have been violated, you may file a complaint with the Hospital or with the Office of Civil Rights of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. To file a complaint with us here, please call or write to Patient Relations or to the Privacy Officer listed on the last page of this Notice. You will not be penalized for filing a complaint.
Other uses and disclosures of medical information not covered by this Notice or the laws that apply to us will be made only with your written authorization, on a Hospital authorization form. Specifically, uses and disclosures of your medical information for marketing purposes or involving a sale of your information will be made only with your written authorization. Likewise most uses of psychotherapy notes require authorization. If you provide us authorization to use or disclose medical information about you, you may revoke that authorization, in writing, at any time. If you revoke your authorization, we will no longer use or disclose medical information about you for reasons covered by your written authorization. However, we may continue to use or disclose that information to the extent we have relied on your authorization. You also understand that we are unable to take back any disclosures we have already made with your authorization, and that we are required to retain our records of the care that we provide to you.
For more information and answers to questions, please contact:
Privacy Officer
The Brooklyn Hospital
121 DeKalb Avenue
Brooklyn, N.Y. 11201
Patient Relations 718.250.8292
Health Information Management (Medical Records) 718.250.8288
Privacy Officer 718.250.8458
U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services
Region II
Jacob Javitz Federal Building
26 Federal Plaza – Suite 3312
New York, NY 10278


text:
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The Corrupt Text of al-Ash`ari's al-Ibana
The above lists exclude al-Ash`ari's al-Ibana `an Usul al-Diyana but Ibn `Asakir explicitly attributes it to him in the first few pages of Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari, an attribution confirmed by al-Bayhaqi, Abu al-`Abbas al-`Iraqi, Abu `Uthman al-Sabuni, and other hadith masters.10 The book dates from the beginnings of al-Ash`ari's Sunni career according to a report narrated by Ibn Abi Ya`la in Tabaqat al-Hanabila and adduced by al-Dhahabi in the Siyar. The report is phrased rather oddly since it depicts a fawning Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash`ari visiting the Hanbali Abu Muhammad al-Barbahari upon entering Baghdad and enumerating before him his refutations11 of the Mu`tazila and defense of Ahl al-Sunna in order to win his approval, to which al-Barbahari coolly responds: "We only know what Ahmad ibn Hanbal said." "Whereupon," the report continues, "al-Ash`ari went out and wrote al-Ibana but they [the Hanbalis] did not accept it from him."12 Al-Dhahabi cites this report at the opening of his biographical notice on al-Barbahari in the Siyar directly following the extremely brief notice on Imam al-Ash`ari.13 Apart from its obviously Hanbali-biased terms, the report clearly shows that al-Ash`ari composed the Ibana upon first coming to Baghdad or shortly thereafter. Shaykh Wahbi Ghawiji cites a statement explicitly confirming this date from Imam Abu al-Hasan `Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Muqri (Ibn Matar) who died in the year 306: "Imam al-Ash`ari composed it in Baghdad upon entering it."14
However, despite the authenticity of al-Ash`ari's authorship, the text of the Ibana itself has undoubtedly not reached us in its original authentic form but in a corrupted version which comprises interpolations along two main ideological slants: (1) the anthropomorphist interpretation of the divine Attributes and (2) the apostatizing of Imam Abu Hanifa ( for supposedly holding, with the Jahmiyya, that the Qur'an was created. Shaykh Wahbi Sulayman Ghawiji has shown in his analysis of the work entitled Nazra `Ilmiyya fi Nisba Kitab al-Ibana Jami`ihi ila al-Imam al-Ash`ari ("A Scientific Look at the Attribution of al-Ibana in Its Entirety to Imam al-Ash`ari") that these two stances are contradicted by what is known of al-Ash`ari's authentic positions in his and his students' works.15
(1) The anthropomorphist interpretation of the Divine Attributes is illustrated by the following examples:
* The passage: "[Our position is] that He has two eyes (`aynayn) without saying how; just as He stated: {That ran under Our eyes (a`yuninâ)} (54:14)."16 Ibn `Asakir's citation of the same passage in the Tabyin states: "[Our position is] that He has an eye (`aynan) without saying how."17 A recent edition of the Ibana consequently amended its own tradition to follow the text cited by Ibn `Asakir18 since the evidence of the Qur'an and the Sunna mentions {My Eye (`aynî)} (20:39) in the singular and {Our Eyes} (52:48, 54:14) in the plural but never two eyes in the dual.19 Further down in all versions of the Ibana the text states: "Allah Almighty and Exalted has said that He possesses a face and an eye which is neither given modality nor defined."20
* The passage: "When supplicating, the Muslims raise their hands toward the sky, because Allah Almighty and Exalted is established (mustawin) over the Throne which is above the heavens…21 The Muslims all say: 'O Dweller of the Throne' (yâ sâkin al-`arsh)!"22 This kind of faulty reasoning can hardly come from al-Ash`ari for the following reasons:
– The Attributes are Divinely-ordained (tawqîfiyya) and al-Ash`ari considers it impermissible to make up or derive new terms such as mustawin and sâkin al-`arsh if there is no verse or authentic hadith transmitting them verbatim: "My method in the acceptance of the Names of Allah is Law-based authorization without regard to lexical analogy."23 – The argument of supplication on the basis of location leads to placing Allah Almighty and Exalted inside the Ka`ba according to the same logic, an absurd impossibility.
– The claim that "the Muslims all say:'O Dweller of the Throne'" is unheard of. Yet Ibn Taymiyya cites it and attempts to justify it with the narration: "Allah created seven heavens then chose the uppermost and dwelt in it,"24 adducing a condemned report to support an invented phrase! – Three editions of the Ibana have, "O Dweller of the heaven (yâ sâkin al-`samâ')"25 which further casts doubt on the integrity of the text in addition to being equally anthropomorphist.
* The passage: "If we are asked: `Do you say that Allah has two hands?' The answer is: We do say that, without saying `how.' It is indicated by the saying of Allah Almighty and Exalted {The Hand of Allah is above their hands} (48:10) and His saying {that which I have created with both My hands} (38:75). It was also narrated from the Prophet – Allah bless and greet him – that he said: `Allah created Adam with His hand then He wiped his back with His hand and brought out of it his offspring.'26 So it is established that He has two hands without saying how. And the transmitted report reached us from the Prophet – Allah bless and greet him – that `Allah created Adam with Hand, created the Garden of `Adn with His hand, wrote the Torah with His hand, and planted the tree of Tuba with His hand,'27 that is: with the hand of His power (ay biyadi qudratih)."28 The last clause contradicts the entire reasoning that precedes and follows, and is actually suppressed from the latest edition of the Ibana!29 The text further states: "They say: 'the hands' (al-ayd) are the strength (al-quwwa),30 so the meaning of {with both My hands} has to be `with My power' (bi qudratî). The answer to them is: That interpretation is wrong."31 Al-Ash`ari's actual position on the Attribute of hand according to Ibn `Asakir is: "Al-Ash`ari took the middle road [between the Mu`tazila and the anthropomorphists] and said: His hand is an Attribute and His face is an Attribute, just like His hearing and His sight."32
* The following passage is missing from two of the editions of al-Ibana but is found in two others: "And [we believe] that He established Himself over the Throne in the sense that He said and the meaning that He wills in a way that transcends touch, settlement, fixity, immanence, and displacement. The Throne does not carry him, rather the Throne and its carriers are carried by the subtleness of His power, subdued under His grip. He is above the Throne and the Heavens and above everything to the limits of the earth with an aboveness which does not bring Him nearer to the Throne and the Heavens, just as it does not make Him further from the earth. Rather, He is Highly Exalted above the Throne and the Heavens, just as He is Highly Exalted above the earth. Nevertheless, He is near to every entity and is (nearer to [the worshipper] than his jugular vein( and He witnesses everything."33
(2) The apostatizing of Imam Abu Hanifa – Allah be well-pleased with him – for supposedly holding, with the Jahmiyya, that the Qur'an was created.34 Imam al-Tahawi stated that Abu Hanifa held the opposite position in his Mu`taqad Abi Hanifa or "Abu Hanifa's Creed," also known as the `Aqida Tahawiyya.35 Nor did al-Ash`ari mention Abu Hanifa in the chapter on those who held the Qur'an was created in his Maqalat al-Islamiyyin.36 Al-Ash`ari lived in Baghdad – the seat of the Caliphate and home of the Hanafi school – at a time the Hanafi school had long been the state creed37 and would probably have been executed or exiled for making such a charge. Furthermore, al-Bayhaqi stated that "al-Ash`ari used to defend the positions of the past Imams such as Abu Hanifa and Sufyan al-Thawri among the Kufans."38 The charge of the Ibana is therefore almost certainly a later interpolation, as enmity against the Imam al-A`zam and his school and followers typifies fanatic Hanbalis and their "Salafi" successors.
There are also blatant errors which al-Ash`ari the heresiographer and former Mu`tazili would never commit, such as the attribution to the Mu`tazila as a whole of the belief that Allah Almighty and Exalted is everywhere,39 when he himself reports in his Maqalat that the vast majority of the Mu`tazila said, like Ahl al-Sunna, that it was the controlling disposal (tadbîr) of Allah Almighty and Exalted that was everywhere.40 Furthermore, there is apparently no known chain of transmission for the Ibana from the Imam despite its ostensible fame and the abundance of his students,41 nor do any of his first or second-generation students – such as Ibn Furak – make any mention of it.42 Finally, Imam al-Qushayri's Shikaya Ahl al-Sunna bi Hikaya Ma Nalahum Min al-Mihna provides an additional external sign that the tampering of al-Ash`ari's Ibana took place possibly as early as the fifth century:
They have attributed despicable positions to al-Ash`ari and claimed he had said certain things of which there is not one iota in his books. Nor can such sayings be found reported in any of the books of the scholars ofkalâm who either supported him or opposed him, from the earliest times to our own – whether directly quoted or paraphrased. All of that is misrepresentation, forgery, and unmitigated calumny!43
In conclusion it is possible to say with a fair degree of certainty that the Ibana attributed to al-Ash`ari today is actually the anonymous, chainless rewriting of an anti-Ash`ari, anti-Hanafi literalist with clear anthropomorphist leanings and a willingness to adduce Israelite reports typical of the works of anthropomorphist doctrine44 while the unaltered version known to Ibn `Asakir, Abu `Uthman al-Sabuni, and other Ash`aris did not reach us. It is a telling confirmation of this conclusion that the early anthropomorphists used to reject the Ibana while those of later centuries quote it without reservation. And Allah knows best.
[1] Al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad (11:346) gives the dates 260-330. Ibn `Asakir in his Tabyin, Ibn al-Subki in Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-Kubra (3:347, 3:352), al-Dhahabi in the Siyar (al-Arna'ut ed. 15:85) and Tadhkira al-Huffaz (3:820), Ibn Kathir in al-Bidaya (Ma`arif ed. 11:204), and Ibn Qadi Shuhba in Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya (1:114 #60) all give the dates 260-324. Ibn al-Athir, as quoted by Ibn Kathir, gives the obitus as 330. See also Ibn `Imad's Shadharat al-Dhahab (2:303), and Wafayat al-A`yan (2:446). Shaykh Ghawiji gives the dates ~260-~324 in his Nazra `Ilmiyya (p. 21).
[2] Cf. al-Shahrastani, al-Milal wa al-Nihal (1:93=1961 ed. p. 118-119); Ibn al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-Kubra (3:356). See also Nur al-Din Ahmad ibn Mahmud al-Sabuni (d. 1184), al-Bidaya min al-Kifaya fiUsul al-Din.
[3] Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini and Ibn Furak considered al-Ash`ari a Shafi`i in fiqh. Cf. Ibn Qadi Shuhba, Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyyar (1:115). He is declared a Hanafi in Ibn Abi al-Wafa's al-Jawahir al-Mudiyya (p. 247).
[4] Ahmad ibn Yahya ibn Ishaq al-Rawandi (d. 298), a Mu`tazila turned freethinker and atheist. Ibn Hazm also wrote a book against him entitled al-Tarshid.
[5] In his Tashih al-Mafahim al-`Aqdiyya (p. 25).
[6] In al-`Awasim min al-Qawasim as quoted by Ghawiji in Nazra `Ilmiyya (p. 5-6).
[7] Ibn al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Kubra (3:355).
[8] Cf. Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam al-Mufahras (p. 408 #1862). On Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Miqsam (296-380), one of Abu Nu`aym al-Asbahani's shaykhs, see al-Khatib, Tarikh Baghdad (4:429).
[9] In Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari (p. 129-137).
[10] Ghawiji, Nazra `Ilmiyya (p. 8).
[11] Such as his early al-Luma` and Kashf al-Asrar, cf. Ibn `Asakir, Tabyin (p. 50-51 = al-Kawthari ed. p. 39).
[12] In Tabaqat al-Hanabila (2:18). Even if the account of al-Barbahari's snub were to be proven true, it would only show one scholar's misjudgment of another.
[13] In the Siyar (11:543) without chain.
[14] As cited by Ghawiji in Nazra `Ilmiyya (p. 8) without giving his source.
[15] Ghawiji, Nazra `Ilmiyya (p. 21-64 on Abu Hanifa; p. 65-99 on
[16] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:22=Sabbagh ed. p. 36), cf. Maqalat al-Islamiyyin (`Abd al-Hamid ed. 1:345=Ritter ed. p. 290).
[17] Ibn `Asakir, Tabyin (p. 159= al-Kawthari ed. p. 158).
[18] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (`Uyun ed. p. 44).
[19] Accordingly Ibn Hazm said: "Saying: `He has two eyes,' is null and void and part of the belief of anthropomorphists… Allah Almighty and Exalted said `eye' (`ayn) and `eyes' (a`yunin)… so it is not permissible for anyone to describe Him as possessing `two eyes' because no text has reached us to that effect." Ibn Hazm, al-Fisal fi al-Milal (2:166). Today's anthropomorphists continue to insist on the attribution of two eyes without proof, adducing the Prophet's – Allah bless and greet him – statement, "The Antichrist (al-dajjal) is one-eyed whereas your Lord is not one-eyed" [Narrated from Ibn `Umar in al-Bukhari, Muslim, and the Sunan] but ignoring or pretending to ignore that Ahl al-Sunna explained this statement to mean that Allah Almighty and Exalted is exempt of defects and of the attributes of creatures, whereas the Antichrist is both created and imperfect. Cf. Ibn Hajar, Fath al-Bari and al-Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim.
[20] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:121 [lahu wajhan wa `aynan wa lâ tukayyafu wa lâ tuhadd]=Sabbagh ed. p. 97 [lahu wajhan wa `aynan lâ bi kayf wa lâ hudûd]= `Uyun ed. p. 104 [lahu wajhan wa `aynan lâ yukayyafu wa lâ yuhadd]).
[21] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:106-107=Sabbagh ed. p. 89=`Uyun ed. p. 97).
[22] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (p. 234 of the original 1321/1903 Hyderabad ed.) as quoted by Ghawiji in Nazra `Ilmiyya (p. 84).
[23] Al-Ash`ari in Ibn al-Subki's Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyyar al-Kubra (3:358). Cf. Appendix entitled, "The Divine Names and Attributes are Tawqîfiyya : Ordained and Non-Inferable" in our translation of Ibn `Abd al-Salam's The Belief of the People of Truth.
[24] Narrated from Ibn `Umar by al-Tabarani in al-Kabir (12:456) with a weak chain because of Hammad ibn Waqid al-Saffar as indicated by al-Haythami (8:397). The narration is (munkar) as stated in al-Silsila al-Da`ifa (#338) and Samir al-Bahr's al-Majmu` fi al-Da`if wa al-Munkar wa al-Mawdu` (1:320-321 #2359) and should never be brought up as evidence in Islamic doctrine, yet it is typically adduced by those who attribute direction to Allah Almighty and Exalted such as Ibn Taymiyya in al-Ta'sis fi Radd Asas al-Taqdis = Bayan Talbis al-Jahmiyya (2:419) and his shaykh Ibn Qudama in Ithbat Sifa al-`Uluw (p. 74). See also al-Jawraqani's Abatil (1:162) and al-Qaysarani's Dhakhira al-Huffaz (#2056).
[25] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:115=Sabbagh ed. p. 94=`Uyun ed. p. 101).
[26] The correct wording is: "Allah created Adam then He wiped his back with His right (bi yamînih) and brought out of it offspring." Narrated from `Umar by al-Tirmidhi (hasan gharîb), Abu Dawud, Ahmad, and Malik.
[27] Part of a long, rambling munqati` narration from Wahb ibn Munabbih by Abu al-Shaykh in al-`Azama (3:1058-1068), undoubtedly an Israelite report (isrâ'îliyya). Also narrated from Qurra ibn Iyas al-Muzani by al-Tabari with the wording: "Tuba is a tree Allah Almighty and Exalted has planted with His hand and into which He breathed of His spirit. It gives fruits of jewels and rich garments, and its boughs can be seen from beyond the walls of Paradise." Ibn Marduyah narrated something similar from Ibn `Abbas and `Abd ibn Humayd from Ka`b al-Ahbar while al-Suyuti in his al-Jami` al-Saghir and al-Munawi in Fayd al-Qadir indicated it was weak. Cf. Ibn al-Mubarak, al-Zuhd (p. 76), Abu al-Shaykh, al-`Azama (3:1066),
al-Suyuti's al-Durr al-Manthur, and the Tafsirs of al-Tabari (13:149), al-Qurtubi (9:317), and Ibn Kathir (2:513 sura 13:29). Also see
al-Tabarani's al-Awsat.
[28] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:126=Sabbagh ed. p. 99-100).
[29] Cf. al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (`Uyun ed. p. 106).
[30] This is an established lexical meaning in Arabic.
[31] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:130=Sabbagh ed. p. 101=`Uyun ed. p. 108).
[32] Ibn `Asakir, Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari (p. 150-151).
[33] Al-Ash'ari, al-Ibana, (Mahmud ed. 2:21=Sabbagh ed. p. 35). This passage is missing in its entirety from the original 1321/1903 Hyderabad edition and the 1996 'Uyun edition.
[34] Narrated with chains containing liars in al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:90-91 =Sabbagh ed. p. 77-78=`Uyun ed. p. 87-88).
[35] It is noteworthy that Shaykh `Abd al-Qadir al-Gilani's Ghunya underwent tampering along exactly the same two lines. What is known with certainty from Imam Abu Hanifa is that he held, with the rest of Ahl al-Sunna, that the Qur'an was the uncreated, pre-eternal Speech of Allah Almighty and Exalted as stated in al-`Aqida al-Tahawiyya, al-Fiqh al-Akbar, al-Wasiyya, al-Asma' wa al-Sifat, and other works.
[36] Nor is Abu Hanifa ever mentioned thus in the other great heresiographies such as al-Baghdadi's Farq Bayn al-Firaq and Usul al-Din, Ibn Hazm's al-Fisal fi al-Milal, and al-Shahrastani's al-Milal wa al-Nihal.
[37] Under the `Abbasi Caliphs al-Mu`tamid (256-279), al-Mu`tadid (279-288), al-Muktafi (288-295), al-Muqtadir (295-320), al-Qahir (320-322), al-Radi (322-332).
[38] Al-Bayhaqi, Risala ila `Amid al-Mulk in Ibn `Asakir's Tabyin
(al-Kawthari ed. p. 103) and Ibn al-Subki's Tabaqat al-Kubra (3:397).
[39] Al-Ash`ari, al-Ibana (Mahmud ed. 2:109=Sabbagh ed. p. 91=`Uyun ed. p. 99). If interpolated, this claim was possibly influenced by Ibn Hazm's identical statement in his Fisal (2:96).
[40] Al-Ash`ari, Maqalat al-Islamiyyin (`Abd al-Hamid ed. 1:236=Ritter ed. p. 157).
[41] Cf. al-Saqqaf, notes on al-Dhahabi's al-`Uluw (p. 511).
[42] Cf. al-Humyari, Tashih al-Mafahim al-`Aqdiyya (p. 25).
[43] Al-Qushayri, Shikaya Ahl al-Sunna in Ibn `Asakir, Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari (al-Kawthari ed. p. 111) and Ibn al-Subki, Tabaqat al-Kubra (3:403-404).
[44] Such as `Abd Allah ibn Ahmad's al-Sunna, al-Khallal's al-Sunna, `Uthman ibn Sa`id al-Darimi's books, Ibn Batta's al-Ibana, Ibn Khuzayma's al-Tawhid, al-Harawi's al-Arba`in fi al-Tawhid, the spurious Radd `ala al-Jahmiyya deceitfully printed under Imam Ahmad's name, and many others.
Peace and Blessings upon the Prophet, his Family, and his Companions
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LISTEN: Jay-Z Confirms Birth Of Daughter In Song
We're taking a break from the serious news for a bit of baby news: Hip-hop has a new princess. Blue Ivy Carter, the daughter of Jay-Z and Beyoncé Knowles, who are arguably the genre's king and queen.
Now, that was one of the worst kept secrets, since friends and family were tweeting about the birth over the weekend. But, as the AP reports, the couple's reps "repeatedly declined requests for comment."
But, today, Jay-Z released Glory, a song in which not only does he confirm the birth, but you can hear the baby girl's first cries. Jay-Z also lays down some pretty heavy stuff, letting us know the baby was conceived in Paris and that Knowles had previously had a miscarriage.
"The most amazing feeling I feel, words can't describe what I'm feeling for real / Baby, I paint the sky blue, my greatest creation was you. You. Glory," Jay-Z raps.
If you remember, Beyoncé made a huge splash at the MTV Video Music Awards last year, when she revealed she was pregnant.
But that's enough from us, because our friends over at The Record know more about these things than we do. We'll leave you with the song:
Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.


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Originally posted at Longreads.com
I read news when I want to be entertained. I read features when I want to learn something. Here's nine articles I read this year that changed the way I look at the world, and made me wonder how I seem when it looks back.
"Diary of a Mad Fact-Checker," James Pogue, Oxford American
It's been a bad year for truth. From Mike Daisey and Jonah Lehrer to Rush Limbaugh and Mitt Romney, 2012 felt like a yearlong debate about the role of exaggeration, hyperbole, fact-checking and outright fabrication in the pursuit of an argument. Pogue's piece, a kind of letter from the extreme-pedant end of the spectrum, illustrates how fidelity to facts can obscure the truth, and how embellishment can reveal it.
"Lost in Space," Mike Albo, Narrative.ly
Maybe I only feel like I learned something from this essay because I'm in essentially the same position as Albo. I've been single for almost 10 years, and I'm realizing that that if I had applied all the hours I've wasted on the promiscu-net to something useful, I could have knitted a quilt, learned French, mastered Othello and read all of Wikipedia by now.
If our society has learned anything from the first 20 years of internet access, it's that looking for what you want isn't always the best way to get it, and that getting it is a great way to stop wanting it. Albo's essay couldn't have been written by any gay man in America because they're not as good at writing as he is, but I get the feeling it's been lived by most of them.
"The Innocent Man," Pamela Colloff, Texas Monthly
"The Caging Of America," Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker
OK, so it's not exactly earth-shattering news that America's prison system is problematic and that "Texas justice" is an oxymoron. But this year brought a new impetus for action, partly due to new numbers (the widely reported stat that 1% of America's population is incarcerated), legislative action (Obama's plan to combat prison rape, scorchingly reported in the New York Review of Books) and, qualitatively but no less essentially, longform pieces like Gopnik's and Colloff's.
People are always quoting the MLK-via-Obama line "The arc of history is long, but it bends toward justice," and articles like these—one a macro view of the problem, one micro—is what that bend looks like.
"Does Mitt Romney Have a Soul?" Wells Tower, GQ
It's easy now to forget that this was an election year, and that we spent basically all of it squabbling, speculating and pontificating about its outcome, which we now say we knew all along.
Most election reporting is disposable, either gaffe play-by-plays ("Binders Full of Women: Interactive Timeline"), instantly obsolete hypotheticals (What if Romney picks Christie for VP?) or politically orchestrated profiles ("Obama's audacious plan to save the middle class from Libyan airstrikes"). If you remember these articles past ctrl+w, it's only until events catch up, and then they poof out of your consciousness forever.
Towers's Romney profile is one of the few still worth reading after the election. Nominally a standard "let's hang out in the campaign bus!" piece, it transcends its premise by capturing the conflicting forces tugging at the hem of the Republican party, and how Romney's sheer empty-vesselness managed to please, and displease, everyone at once.
"Gangnam Style, Dissected: The Subversive Message Within South Korea's Music Video Sensation," Max Fisher, The Atlantic
Maybe it's just the ubiquity of its subject, now the most-viewed-ever video on YouTube, but no article stuck with me this year quite like Fisher's. In a culture that strains to call itself postracial, sharing "Gangnam Style" on Twitter and Facebook was a safe, quiet way to shout 'look how weird Koreans are!' and invite your friends to gawk alongside you.
According to Fisher, "Gangnam" isn't an expression of Korean culture, but a satire of it. Psy was saying the same thing we spectators were, only in a visual language (and, obviously, a verbal one) we couldn't understand. He was laughing at his culture too, he just had no idea how easy it was to get the rest of the world to join him.
"The Truck Stop Killer," Vanessa Veselka, GQ
It's all in the execution, they say, and nothing demonstrated that this year better than Veselka's harrowing investigation into whether the guy who kidnapped and then released her on the side of the road in 1985 was a serial killer.
She never finds the answer to her question. But who cares! It's a great piece, super interesting, suspenseful, creepy, introspective in all the right places. We all know that compelling stories don't always need happy endings. In this case, it doesn't need one at all.
"The Bloody Patent Battle Over A Healing Machine," Ken Otterbourg, Fortune
"How the U.S. Lost Out on iPhone Work," Charles Duhigg and Keith Bradsher, New York Times
I admit it: I have no idea how the international economy works. I used to feel about this the way I feel about not being able to describe asexual reproduction, or the Spanish Civil War, or how to grow tomatoes. I can see why somebody's got to do it, I just can't see why it's got to be me.
Since the 2008 crash, though, knowledge of economics has gone from nice to have to can't miss, and things like competitiveness, productivity and efficiency have taken a place in politics previously reserved for life-and-deathers like sports doping and the Ground Zero Mosque.
Patent trolling and outsourced manufacturing aren't the only issues facing the US economy, of course, but both these articles demonstrate how businesses, governments and consumers have made the wrong thing too easy, and how the hard thing might not be the way back.


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13 June 2013 7:55 AM (igalia | cooperatives | anarchism)
Good morning, internets!
This is the second of a series of articles on what it's like to work for/in/with a cooperative; the first one is here. Eventually I'll update the first one to link to the whole series, whereever it goes.
I work for a worker's cooperative, Igalia. This article series is about moving beyond theory to practice: to report on our experience with collective self-determination, for the curious and for the interested. It's a kind of exercise in marketing the revolution :) I hope I can be free from accusations of commercial interest, however; for better or for worse, our customers couldn't care less how we are organized internally.
the ties that bind
The essence of a worker's cooperative is to enable people to make decisions about their work to the degree to which they are affected by those decisions. For decisions affecting the whole group, you need collective deliberation. You could think of it as workplace democracy, if you understand democracy to go beyond simple voting and referenda.
Collective decision-making works, but you need some preconditions -- see for example conditions for consensus, from this excellent article on consensus. More so than any other enterprise, a cooperative needs to have a set of goals or principles that binds all of its members together. In Igalia, we have a rather wordy document internally, but it's basically a commitment to finding a way to let hackers work on interesting things, centered around free software, in a self-organized way. Everything else is just strategy.
There are two more-or-less parallel structures in Igalia: one for decision-making and one for work. There is also a legal structure that is largely vestigial; more on that at the end.
The most important structure in Igalia is the "assembly". It's composed of all workers that have been in Igalia for a certain amount of time (currently 1 year, though there are discussions to shorten that period).
The assembly is the ultimate decision-making body, with power over all things: bank accounts, salary levels, budgets, strategies, team assignments, etc. All company information is open to all assembly members, which currently comprises all of the people in Igalia.
The assembly meets in person every two months at the head office in A Coruña, with the option for people to dial in. Since many of us work in remote locations and just communicate over mail and jabber, it's good to see people in person to renew the kind of personal connections that help make agreement easier. Incidentally, this requirement for group face-to-face meetings influenced the architecture of our head office; there is a dividable room there that can be expanded into a kind of "round table" with microphones at all the posts. You can see a picture of it on the about page.
The in-person assemblies are usually a bit abstracted over day-to-day operations and focus more on proposals that people have brought up or on strategy. Sometimes they are easy and quick and sometimes they go late into the night. The ones associated with longer-term planning like the yearly budgeting assemblies are the longest.
How well does this work, you ask? I would summarize by saying that it works OK. There are so many advantages to collective decision-making that I now take for granted that it is difficult to imagine other ways. However, making decisions is hard on a personal level: it's a challenge to hold all of the ideas in your head at one time, and to feel the right level of responsibility for the success of the business. I'll write another article on this point, I think, because it is also part of the cooperative working experience.
"The assembly" is both the bimonthly meeting and also the body of people. We're all on a mailing list and a jabber channel, which is where a lot of the other day-to-day business decisions get made, like "do we accept this contract", "should we hire people soon", "should we hire X person in particular", etc. However with some 40 people it's tricky to establish an active consensus on a mailing list, so it's usually the people that lead with proposals and actively round up people to help them implement that get things done.
work groups
So that's the power structure in Igalia. However on a day-to-day level, unless a thread is really active on the assembly mailing list, folks just do their jobs. Sounds silly but it has to happen. We're organized into teams, like in a normal company, but without managers -- we also do consensus on a smaller, more informal level within the teams.
Since we're a consulting shop, most people write code all day, but there are also people that primarily focus on other things: sales, team coordination (who's available for what work when?), administrative work, finance and cash-flow monitoring, etc. This broader team allocation is also a result of consensus. (You can see the theme here.) Ideally we rotate around the "coordinator"-type jobs so everyone stays fresh, hacking-wise, and we don't entrench these informal power structures. We've done some of that but could do more.
I've heard people say that "if you don't have a boss, the customer is your boss", but that's simply not true for us in any of the ways that matter. Our working conditions, pay, holidays, hours -- all of this is up to us. Yes, we have to do good work, but that's already an expectation we have of ourselves as hackers. It's a much healthier perspective to consider your customer to be your partner: both providing value for the other. If this isn't the case, we should find other partners, and happily in our particular industry this is a possibility. (More on cooperatives, capitalism, and crisis in a future post.)
As I said in the beginning, the important thing is that a group share principles, and agree periodically on the strategy to implement them. In that light, the particular legal structure of Igalia is an afterthought, though an important one.
Although Spanish law explicitly provides for cooperatives as a kind of legal entity, Igalia is organized as a limited-liability corporation. The reasons are not entirely clear to me, and periodically come up for debate. One of the issues, though, is that in a cooperative, 85% of your partners have to be Spanish residents, and we did not want that restriction.
Spanish workers are employees of Igalia, and folks outside of Spain are freelancers. However once you've been in the assembly for an amount of time, currently 2 years (way too long IMO), you have the option to become a legal partner in the business, purchasing an equal share of the business at a fixed price. I say "option" but it's also an expectation; the idea is that being a partner is a logical and natural outcome of working at/with/on/in Igalia. We have partners in a number of countries now.
You see my confusion with prepositions, and it's because you have to fit all of these ideas in your head at the same time: working for Igalia as an employee, on it as a project, with it as a partner, at it as a social experiment, etc.
Partners are the legal owners of Igalia, and there are about 30 of them now. They meet every few months, mostly to assess the progression of "prepartners" (those in the assembly but not yet partners, like myself). Ideally they don't discuss other things, and I think that works out in practice. There is a small power differential there between the partners and the assembly. However all the really important things get done in the assembly.
Finally, since Igalia is an S.L. (like an LLC), there is a legal administrator as well -- someone who's theoretically responsible for the whole thing and has to sign certain legal papers. In fact we have three of them, and the positions rotate around every three years. If we were a legal cooperative we could remove this need, which would be convenient. But that's how it is right now.
I want a society without hierarchical power: no state, no military, no boss. But that would be anarchy, right? Well yes, of course that's what it would be! "Anarchy" doesn't equate to a lack of structure, though. It's true that Igalia is embedded in capitalism, but I think it and other cooperatives are a kind of practical anarchy, or at least a step along the path.
I'll close this epistle with a quote, in Chomsky's halting but endearing style. The whole interview is well worth a read.
Anarchism is quite different from that. It calls for an elimination to tyranny, all kinds of tyranny. Including the kind of tyranny that's internal to private power concentrations. So why should we prefer it? Well I think because freedom is better than subordination. It's better to be free than to be a slave. Its' better to be able to make your own decisions than to have someone else make decisions and force you to observe them. I mean, I don't think you really need an argument for that. It seems like ... transparent.
The thing you need an argument for, and should give an argument for, is, How can we best proceed in that direction? And there are lots of ways within the current society. One way, incidentally, is through use of the state, to the extent that it is democratically controlled. I mean in the long run, anarchists would like to see the state eliminated. But it exists, alongside of private power, and the state is, at least to a certain extent, under public influence and control -- could be much more so. And it provides devices to constrain the much more dangerous forces of private power. Rules for safety and health in the workplace for example. Or insuring that people have decent health care, let's say. Many other things like that. They're not going to come about through private power. Quite the contrary. But they can come about through the use of the state system under limited democratic control ... to carry forward reformist measures. I think those are fine things to do. they should be looking forward to something much more, much beyond, -- namely actual, much larger-scale democratization. And that's possible to not only think about, but to work on. So one of the leading anarchist thinkers, Bakunin in the 19th cent, pointed out that it's quite possible to build the institutions of a future society within the present one. And he was thinking about far more autocratic societies than ours. And that's being done. So for example, worker- and community- controlled enterprises are germs of a future society within the present one. And those not only can be developed, but are being developed.
The Kind of Anarchism I Believe In, Noam Chomsky, 28 May 2013


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by Ian Cowley, managing director of www.cartridgesave.co.uk
Your business will be victim to numerous threats in its lifetime. We're no exception, constantly facing challenges from competitors and changing consumer behaviors.
For example, two years ago one of our rival brands duplicated our website copy word for word. As a consequence our website, a result of our tireless commitment to perfect the best possible customer journey, was completely ripped off. Unfortunately for them they did not offer the customer service we did. Meaning even though they stole our words, they couldn't steal our customers. It was still frustrating to see our hard work replicated on another site. Some say imitation is the sincerest form of flattery – we don't agree!
By the same token changes in consumer behavior are a continual threat to our business. Currently consumers are becoming more aware of their environment and the way in which their lifestyles affect the planet. We are therefore continually challenged to provide our service whilst also reducing our own carbon footprint, which in turn enables our customers to do the same.
Similarly, we also have to consider how advances in technology will affect the demand for our products. Our customers still like to print documents, but we recognise that the need for printers will dwindle as the younger generation gets more adept at editing on screen.
Based on what we've learnt, here are our three top tips for protecting your business from threats:
1. Maintain a healthy amount of paranoia.
Threats to your business are inevitable; don't let them get you down. A healthy amount of paranoia will help to navigate any issues on the horizon but it's important not to become obsessed with them. Instead of focusing on potential problems, we recommend that you invest your time in focusing on your ambitions and achieving your business goals.
2. Keep on track.
Ensure you have growth plan in place and stick to it. By developing a fortified model you'll be in a stronger position to see off threats and concentrate on more important challenges.
We work towards a five-year plan, which is then broken down into a one year plan and then manageable quarterly targets. Breaking down our workload into daily tasks means we're working towards small wins, which all add up to make the five year plan possible
3. Don't worry, relax.
When Amazon announced their plans to begin distributing office supplies, naturally we worried about the knock-on effect to our business – considering their buying power and economies of scale. As it transpired there really was no need for us to lose sleep as the impact was minimal and, like Amazon, our business continues to grow year-on-year.
In summary; focus on your own business, don't waste valuable time and energy on your competitors. Ensure you are aware of potential threats but try not to dwell on them. With clear plans in place to deal with threats you'll be in the best position to achieve your business goals.
Ian Cowley is the managing director of the UK's largest dedicated printer cartridge company – www.cartridgesave.co.uk.


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Sam Colt's Dress Blues, A New Find, Sheds Light On Brief Chapter In Civil War
Gunmaker Had Troubled Role As Commander Of Connecticut Regiment
David Drury
May 14, 2011
In May 1861, Samuel Colt was Hartford's richest, most famous citizen.
A charismatic, driven entrepreneur, Colt possessed inventive genius, boundless imagination and unsurpassed marketing prowess. He had built an internationally renowned business centered in a state-of-the art armory in Hartford's South Meadows that produced the revolving handguns bearing his name.
Instruments of "moral reform,'' Colt once sardonically called his artful, deadly devices. How they were used, and by whom, did not trouble him much.
His British customers accused him of selling guns to their Russian adversaries during the Crimean War. And his agents allegedly negotiated contracts with extremists on both sides in pre-Civil War fighting over slavery in Kansas, the disputes that came to be known as "Bleeding Kansas."
It was no secret that some of his best customers and closest friends were Southerners, and Republican-leaning newspapers charged Colt with treason for continuing his business dealings with Southern agents through the early weeks of 1861.
Fort Sumter changed that.
"Once the war began, he may have been outraged by Fort Sumter and by a few other things," said Bill Hosley, a former curator at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art and author of "Colt: The Making of an American Legend. "He quickly got with the program.''
A Democrat, Colt had supported the presidential bid of his friend, Stephen Douglas, and while he personally opposed slavery, he was no friend of radical abolition.
But duty called, and after President Lincoln asked for volunteers to put down the rebellion, Colt contacted Connecticut's Republican Gov. William A. Buckingham with an offer to raise, train and equip a full regiment, each man armed with one of Colt's patented revolving rifles.
Colt, then 46, insisted upon leading the regiment himself, having found the pomp and ceremony of weekend military life appealing. He had been appointed a lieutenant colonel in the state militia in 1851 and later established the well-provisioned Colt Armory Guard. Along with other leading Hartford Democrats, he participated in the drills of the Putnam Phalanx, a colonial militia group.
Despite their political differences, Buckingham was in no position to reject Colt's offer of assistance. On May 10, 1861, enlistment began for the First Regiment of Colt's Revolving Rifles of Connecticut. Colt received his regimental commission on May 16 and two days later, companies of the now fully formed regiment bivouacked on the Colt Armory grounds.
It was to be the high-water mark of Colt's military career. A month later, his commission was revoked, the regiment disbanded and the men reassigned.
But the uniform he left behind has a fascinating story to tell.
Col. Colt's Dress Blues
"Dean you're not going to believe what I've discovered,'' Peter Tillou, a Litchfield art and antiques dealer, said as he approached his friend Dean Nelson, who was checking tickets at an antique gun show at the Hartford Expo in October 2008
Nelson, director of the Connecticut State Library's Museum of Connecticut History, is in charge of its extensive collection of Colt firearms and had worked with Tillou before, notably in 1995 when he acquired the gilded Rampant Colt statute that once topped the blue onion dome of the Colt armory.
Tillou knew Nelson's interest would be piqued by anything connected with the Colt name, and he'd recently stumbled upon a treasure trove.
At an awards dinner at his alma mater, Ohio Wesleyan University, Tillou was approached by a woman he had known slightly during his student days. She asked if he was still involved in collecting, and after he said he was, she dropped a bombshell: "You probably didn't know this, but I'm a direct descendant of Colt and I have tons of Colt material,'' Tillou said, recalling their conversation.
The woman, whom Tillou identified only as Jane at the family's request, and her two sisters lived outside of Connecticut but kept a lakeside summer cabin in Litchfield County. For 40 years, several trunks of Colt family material had sat undisturbed in the cabin's attic.
Intrigued, Tillou who lived only 10 miles away, arranged for a visit. With all three sisters present, the trunks were brought downstairs and opened, and Tillou recorded the contents on video as they were lifted out, piece by piece.
Out came articles of clothing and personal effects, family scrapbooks and letters, newspapers and periodicals, a miniature ivory portrait of Sam Colt's maternal grandmother, Margaret Caldwell, large oval portraits of Colt's parents and a sewing box that his sister had given him when he was 15.
Among the clothes were a scarlet, oriental-style winter house coat and trousers, a gift to Colt from the Russian tsar; his summer and winter overcoats; items of formal wear; and an entire officer's uniform, consisting of a dark blue wool dress coat, with buttons and insignia intact; two pairs of trousers; a black fur felt officer's hat with black ostrich feather and rifle insignia; and officer's epaulettes and shoulder boards.
Stunned by the find, Tillou said he asked if he could take the items, catalog them and hold them for safe-keeping.
"I said, 'This should really stay in Connecticut. Do you want me to arrange a sale?'"
The family agreed, and Tillou sought out Nelson, who admitted he was skeptical at first.
"2008 was pretty late in the game for this to surface,'' he said, particularly in the aftermath of all the attention garnered by the Atheneum's successful exhibition of its Samuel and Elizabeth Colt holdings in 1996, and its less successful exhibit 10 years later of its decorative Colt firearms.
Nelson went to the Tillou home to view the items, which were laid out in a guest room. As soon as he saw the officer's hat and coat, Nelson said, he knew they were of authentic, Civil War-era vintage. Inscriptions on the trousers and the coat gave the name and address of the tailor, the purchase date and the customer's name. The coat had been tailored for someone 6-foot-1 Colt's height and the ink-inscribed stencil inside the collar lining read: "Coln. Samuel Colt, May 30, [18]56.''
Nelson determined that sometime before her death in 1905, Elizabeth Hart Colt had turned the clothing and other items over to Samuel Caldwell Colt, her husband's nephew, who was rumored to be his illegitimate son.
Negotiations between the museum and the family began in 2009. A $150,000 price for the entire collection was agreed upon much less, Tillou said, then the collection would have brought had it been broken up and sold piecemeal to private collectors.
The museum's acquisition account, funded through private donations, covered the purchase, which was approved by the museum trustees and authorized by the State Treasurer and the Department of Administrative Services in the fall of 2009.
Sam Colt's uniform will make its public debut when the museum's Civil War exhibition opens in September.
Demise of Colt's Regiment
In forming his regiment, Colt had insisted that recruits be at least 5-foot-7 and that he, alone, retained the authority to promote or demote officers.
His imperious manner quickly alienated some of his men.
The grumbling turned to near revolt when it became clear that Colt intended the regiment to become a full-fledged U.S. Army Infantry unit with a five-year term of enlistment. At that time, 90-day or three-year enlistments were the norm for Connecticut regiments.
Colt had armed his men with .56-caliber, five-shot revolving rifles and saw federal service as a means to prove their effectiveness, guaranteeing future military contracts.
But the gun had its problems. It "was very accurate, but they have been maligned over the years,'' said Herbert G. Houze, a firearms historian, author and curator. "You had to be careful with them. You held a revolving rifle differently than a standard gun.''
When held improperly, the gun's recoil presented a danger to the user. Many of his men wanted nothing to do with them, preferring the Sharps, a competitor.
Tired of all the chaos, Buckingham sacked Colt on June 20, 1861 and had the men reassigned.
For the remainder of 1861, Colt worked tirelessly to complete a new wing of the armory to produce rifles and muskets and arrange for the importation of firearms from Europe to meet the huge, growing demand.
The long hours and his well-documented fondness for good food, drink and heavy cigar-smoking took their toll. In January 1862, Colt died unexpectedly from a respiratory illness, his immune system weakened by what Houze says probably was a recurrence of malaria he contracted while visiting Cuba with Elizabeth in 1857. He was 47 years old.
Houze, who working on a Samuel Colt biography, said the gun-maker's contribution to the ultimate Union victory should not be underestimated.
Colt handguns were used extensively by Union cavalry as they conducted harassing raids and critical intelligence gathering, helping disrupt Southern operations, Houze said.
"My personal believe is if Colt hadn't been in business, particularly in supplying handguns in 1861 and 1862, the war might have turned out quite differently.''
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