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Deborah Poe
The Sensual Infrastructure
Creatures completing ourselves in limbo, partial
Brenda Iijima
hippocampus cerebellum
amygdala basal ganglia
the song recalls a day
splattered mud by car
the difference of standing
in puddles alongside speeding train
a matter of motor memory
still how the sight
of landscape
harbors time
floral sumbrella
its un-neatly wrapped end
bodies mutually exclusive
but memory?
vehicles in overpopulated city
inharmonious and contingent
published in Ottawa by above/ground press
October 2012
a/g subscribers receive a complimentary copy
a/g subscribers receive a complimentary copy
Thanks also to rob mclennan for his amazing "translation" of that earlier version of Keep. His response to Keep is entitled This, circular tower (above/ground press 2012).
Deborah Poe is the author of the poetry collections the last will be stone, too, Elements (Stockport Flats), and Our Parenthetical Ontology (CustomWords), as well as a novella in verse, Hélène (Furniture Press). In addition, Deborah is co-editor of Between Worlds: An Anthology of Fiction and Criticism (Peter Lang). She is also co-editing a collection of Hudson Valley innovative poetry (Station Hill Press).
Deborah's poetry is forthcoming or has recently appeared in journals such as Handsome, Eccolinguistics, 1913, Shampoo, Denver Quarterly, The Dictionary Project, Bone Bouquet, Mantis, and Horse Less Review.
She is assistant professor of English at Pace University and founder and curator of the annual Handmade/Homemade Exhibit.
To order, send cheques (add $1 for postage; outside Canada, add $2) to: rob mclennan, 402 McLeod St #3, Ottawa ON K2P 1A6 or paypal at www.robmclennan.blogspot.com


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Top Items:
Ron Fournier / NationalJournal.com:
Quiz: How Dumb Does Obama Think We Are? — The Veterans Affairs policy fiasco is magnified by an insulting-public relations strategy. — News quiz: President Obama and his communications team hope that Americans are: 1) Dumb; 2) Distracted; 3) Numb to government inefficiency; 4) All of above.
Discussion: Hot Air, National Review and Washington Free Beacon
Guy Benson / Hot Air: Video: Obama routinely shocked, angered by things happening within his own administration
Patrick Brennan / National Review: Some Media Aren't Cutting the White House Slack on the VA Scandal
Ron Christie / The Daily Beast:
The Scandal at the VA Is Real, and Obama Is Ducking It — Democrats can dismiss Benghazi and the IRS as pseudo-scandals, maybe, but 40 veterans have died, and where has Obama been? Totally absent. — Up to now, President Obama and congressional Democrats had thought "so-called" …
Discussion: Talking Points Memo, Hot Air and National Review
Catherine Thompson / Talking Points Memo: Stewart Gets Heated Over VA Scandal: 'Fix This F*cking Thing' (VIDEO)
Allahpundit / Hot Air: Report: Obama transition team was warned about unreliable wait times at VA in 2008
Greg Pollowitz / National Review: Obama Is 'Madder Than Hell' at VA Problems
Jonah Goldberg / National Review:
The VA and the Limits of Liberalism
The VA and the Limits of Liberalism
Discussion: alicublog
Roy Edroso / alicublog: THE ANSWER IS ALWAYS PRIVATIZATION.
Jeremy Herb / Politico:
Can Eric Shinseki survive the VA scandal?
Can Eric Shinseki survive the VA scandal?
Discussion: CNN
Deirdre Walsh / CNN: House committee chair calls VA response 'unacceptable'
David Martosko / Daily Mail:
White House says Obama only learned of VA wait-list scandal on TV (just like the IRS …
White House says Obama only learned of VA wait-list scandal on TV (just like the IRS …
Discussion: JustOneMinute, Fox News, NewsBusters, Scared Monkeys, SOOPERMEXICAN, neo-neocon, Washington Post, Hit & Run and Washington Free Beacon
Tom Maguire / JustOneMinute: When You've Lost The Times... Michael Shear of the Times covers the VA debacle:
Scott Whitlock / NewsBusters: ABC Offers 12 Minutes on Strippers, Models and TV Shows, Skips New Veterans Revelation
Scared Monkeys: Barack Obama KNEW! Obama Administration Told of Veterans Affairs Health Care Debacle as Far Back as 2008
Sancho Panza / SOOPERMEXICAN: Supposedly 'Mad As Hell' Obama Was Warned About VA Wait Problems Way Back in 2008; UPDATE …
Jennifer Rubin / Washington Post: Morning Bits — Democrats will claim these aren't "real" women, I suspect.
Nick Gillespie / Hit & Run: It's a Good Thing That Obama Reads the Paper Because Otherwise He'd Have No Idea What His Administration is Doing
Rebecca Kaplan / CBS News:
What did Obama know about the VA hospital scandal and when?
What did Obama know about the VA hospital scandal and when?
Discussion: Washington Post, Hit & Run, The Daily Caller, CNN and Washington Free Beacon
J.D. Tuccille / Hit & Run: The Veterans Health Administration Really Does Offer 'Lessons' in 'Socialized Medicine'
Matt K. Lewis / The Daily Caller: The Real Lessons From The V.A. Scandal
Jonathan Karl / ABC News:
White House Distorts American Legion Position on Veterans Controversy
White House Distorts American Legion Position on Veterans Controversy
Discussion: Hot Air, RealClearPolitics Video Log and Washington Times
Ed Morrissey / Hot Air: ABC, National Journal: White House fumbling VA scandal
RealClearPolitics Video Log: Ed Henry to Carney: You Keep Saying Obama Is "Mad As Hell" But We Haven't Heard From Him
Chris Geidner / BuzzFeed:
Federal Judge Strikes Down Pennsylvania Same-Sex Marriage Ban — "We now join the twelve federal district courts across the country [that] ... have concluded that all couples deserve equal dignity in the realm of civil marriage." — Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Corbett delivers an address …
Discussion: Hit & Run, Washington Post and Freedom to Marry Blog
Scott Shackford / Hit & Run: Get Gay-Married in Pennsylvania, If You Must
Jake Loesch / Freedom to Marry Blog: Federal judge strikes down PA marriage ban; 19th consecutive win since June
Sahil Kapur / Talking Points Memo: Bush-Appointed Judge Cites Scalia In Axing Pennsylania Gay Marriage Ban
Maryclaire Dale / Associated Press:
Pennsylvania Gay Marriage Ban Overturned By Judge
Pennsylvania Gay Marriage Ban Overturned By Judge
Discussion: Arkansas Blog, Arkansas Times
Joseph Ax / Reuters:
D'Souza pleads guilty to U.S. campaign finance law violation — (Reuters) - The conservative author and filmmaker Dinesh D'Souza pleaded guilty on Tuesday to a campaign finance law violation, averting a trial that had been expected to begin the same day in Manhattan federal court.
Benjamin Weiser / New York Times: D'Souza Pleads Guilty to Campaign Finance Violation
ThinkProgress: Anti-Obama Activist Pleads Guilty To Charges Conservatives Widely Dismissed As Political Payback
Janet Shan / Hinterland Gazette: Obama Critic Dinesh D'Souza Pleads Guilty to Campaign Finance Violation
Robert Stacy McCain / The Other McCain: Dinesh D'Souza Pleads Guilty
Doug Mataconis / Outside the Beltway: Dinesh D'Souza Pleads Guilty To Being A Really Stupid Criminal
Infidel Alie / Pat Dollard: Dinesh D'Souza Pleads Guilty In Campaign Finance Case
Benjamin Weiser / New York Times:
D'Souza Expected to Plead Guilty to Charge
D'Souza Expected to Plead Guilty to Charge
Discussion: Talking Points Memo, Gothamist and Mediaite
Evan McMurry / Mediaite: Dinesh D'Souza to Plead Guilty to Campaign Finance Charge
Geoff Pender / The Clarion-Ledger:
Wife, attorney say blogger was pawn — It's still unclear how a political blogger gained access to the bedridden wife of U.S. Sen. Thad Cochran in her nursing home, but the man's wife and his attorney said he didn't sneak into the facility, and that he appears to be a pawn in a big political game.
Discussion: Washington Monthly, Talking Points Memo, Washington Post, Jackson Jambalaya, blog.gulflive.com and The Hill
Ed Kilgore / Washington Monthly: Blogger in the Mississippi Mud
Josh Marshall / Talking Points Memo: Oooh, That Would Be Bad
Philip Bump / Washington Post: A timeline of the arrest that's shaking up the Mississippi Senate primary
blog.gulflive.com: Did someone help Clayton Kelly photograph Thad Cochran's wife in nursing home? Police investigating
Alexandra Jaffe / The Hill: Cochran campaign knew of wife's taping for weeks
David Folkenflik / NPR:
NPR To End 'Tell Me More,' Eliminate 28 Positions — NPR announced Wednesday that it would cease broadcast of the weekday program Tell Me More on Aug. 1 and eliminate 28 positions as part of a larger effort to end the company's persistent budget deficits. — "These times require …
Discussion: Politico, The Huffington Post, Poynter and FishbowlDC, more at Mediagazer »
Dylan Byers / Politico: NPR to end 'Tell Me More', lay off 28
Catherine Taibi / The Huffington Post: NPR Cancels 'Tell Me More,' Will Cut 28 Jobs
Andrew Beaujon / Poynter: NPR cancels 'Tell Me More,' will eliminate 28 positions
Nick Massella / FishbowlDC: Tell Me No! - NPR Cuts 'Tell Me More' Along With 28 Positions
Niels Lesniewski / Roll Call:
Reid Hints at 'Nuclear' Summer Over Debate Time — On the morning of his Republican counterpart's primary back home in Kentucky, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., said he would not change the chamber's rules in his absence. — But Minority Leader Mitch McConnell might well be advised …
Discussion: Booman Tribune
BooMan / Booman Tribune: Change the Senate Rules Again
Sarah Ellison / Vanity Fair:
Arthur Sulzberger's First Interview About the Turmoil at The New York Times: "I Would Have Done It Differently" — A week after the firing of Jill Abramson as executive editor of The New York Times, the newspaper's publisher, Arthur Sulzberger Jr., sat down with V.F.'s Sarah Ellison for an exclusive interview about the controversy.
Discussion: Capital New York, Smartertimes.com, Talking Points Memo, Althouse, The Raw Story, Poynter, Politico and New York Magazine, more at Mediagazer »
Ann Althouse / Althouse: Sulzberger explains himself with an inexplicable metaphor: "You don't cut off one arm …
Andrew Beaujon / Poynter: Vanity Fair: Baquet's 'ultimatum of sorts' led to Abramson ouster
Katie Van Syckle / New York Magazine: Ira Glass Doesn't Know or Care Who Edits the New York Times
Convicted former U.S. Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr.: Presidential pardons for all ex-offenders — Former Illinois Congressman Jesse Jackson Jr., who is serving the end of his federal prison term in a Montgomery federal prison. — firstname.lastname@example.com By Casey Toner | email@example.com
Discussion: Talking Points Memo and Taegan Goddard's …
Charles Levinson / Wall Street Journal:
Comey: FBI 'Grappling' With Hiring Policy Concerning Marijuana — Monday was a big day for the nation's cyber police. The Justice Department charged five Chinese military officials with hacking, and brought charges against the creators of powerful hacking software.
Discussion: The Moderate Voice, TalkLeft and The Verge
Ron Beasley / The Moderate Voice: Cyber Crime, Weed and the FBI
Russell Brandom / The Verge: The FBI admits it might have to toke up to fight cybercrime
Nicole Levy / Capital New York:
Jeff Zucker talks CNN's post-plane plans — Last night, CNN Worldwide President Jeff Zucker gave a hint of where the network will go next now thats its two-plus-month coverage of missing Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 is subsiding. — "I don't think there's any question about our commitment …
Discussion: Talking Points Memo, Mediaite, Hot Air and The Daily Banter
Caitlin MacNeal / Talking Points Memo: CNN President: We Won't Be 'Shamed' Into Covering Benghazi
Andrew Cohen / The Atlantic Online:
Will Russell Bucklew's Execution Be the Next Death-Penalty Disaster? — Missouri plans to kill a convicted murderer Wednesday, but his health and the state's secrecy about lethal-injection procedures raise serious constitutional issues. — Aside from the fact that he is likely …
Ed Pilkington / Guardian: Missouri set for first US execution since botched Oklahoma lethal injection
Jeralyn / TalkLeft: The Next Botched Execution?
Businesses Turn Out Workers' Votes to Stomp Tea Party — Photographer: Joe Jaszewski/The Idaho Statesman/AP Photo — Ben Tarbutton has never worked so hard in a primary election to urge his company's employees to vote early or educate them on a candidate's record.
Eli Lake / The Daily Beast:
Exclusive: Al Qaeda's American Fighters Are Coming Home—And U.S. Intelligence Can't Find Them — The number of American extremists who have flocked to Syria is higher than previously understood, American intelligence sources say. And some of the fighters are coming home.
Jennifer Rubin / Washington Post: Rand Paul's dangerous drone demagoguery
Brian Tashman / Right Wing Watch:
As Candidate For Congress, Ted Yoho Suggested Limiting The Right To Vote To Property Owners — Recently unearthed footage of Rep. Ted Yoho speaking at Berean Baptist Church in Ocala, Florida, during his candidacy for Congress in the 2012 election cycle shows the Republican politician suggesting …
Discussion: Talking Points Memo and The Raw Story
Daniel Strauss / Talking Points Memo: GOPer Suggested Voting Should Be Limited To Property Owners (VIDEO)
Edward-Isaac Dovere / Politico:
Dems desperately seek an Obama midterm strategy — For months, President Barack Obama has been telling donors that there's nothing more important to him than the November elections. — But many Democrats say their biggest worry for the fall is the president himself.
Discussion: The Huffington Post, The Hill, his vorpal sword, Hinterland Gazette, Taylor Marsh and Hot Air
Jason Linkins / The Huffington Post: Dems Still Trying To Dial In Exact Right Amount Of President For Midterm Campaigns
Amie Parnes / The Hill: Obama drift frustrates donors
Hart Williams / his vorpal sword: Why a National Platform and Campaign is Needed
Janet Shan / Hinterland Gazette: Democrats Upset President Obama M.I.A. in Midterm Election Campaigns (Credit: Donkey Hotey)
Ed Morrissey / Hot Air: Gallup poll shows that it's still "the economy, stupid"
Daniel D'Addario / Salon:
Adam Carolla: The gay mafia is real — The comedian and author sounds off to Salon on political correctness and why Asians prove discrimination is a lie — Adam Carolla, as ever, has a few things to get off his chest. — The comedian and podcaster, whose broadcast career began …
Discussion: Towleroad News #gay and Mediaite
Kim Janssen / Chicago Sun Times:
Lawsuit: Chicago cops physically, verbally abuse woman on video — A Chicago police officer hit a handcuffed, kneeling woman in the head, while another shouted racially charged comments at her and threatened she'd be murdered during a raid of a West Side tanning salon.
Discussion: ThinkProgress, Independent Journal Review and Shakesville
Igor Volsky / ThinkProgress: Police Officer Screams At Asian American Suspect: 'I'll Put You In A UPS Box And Send You Back'
Mike Miller / Independent Journal Review: Shocking Security Footage Exposes Cops Smacking Handcuffed Woman, Hurling Racial Slurs
Melissa McEwan / Shakesville: Chicago Cops Sued for Assaulting Woman in Custody

subset: commoncrawl


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Jury feedback summary
The success of the first place proposal for the Rome Concrete Poetry Hall is its complete denial of the architecture as object, fully accepting the subterranean nature of the project and opting instead to create space through subtractions and boolean operations beneath the plaza. The project lays bare the site, revealing only a composition of rectilinear cuts and a circular hole in the ground. The visitor descends a ramp into one of these cuts, initiating a complex sectional procession through a series of vaulted volumes and auxiliary spaces, culminating at its deepest point in a large domed assembly hall. This composition of pure spatial typologies – the promenade, the vault, and the dome – are analyzed and deployed to frame the terrestrial plane, instead of the celestial sphere. Through this act of burial, these familiar architectural forms are transformed, creating an abstract mirror beneath the streets of the city.
The architectural achievement of the project lies in its sacrifice of light in favor of shadow, revealing the dimensions of depth through a single oculus at the apex of the dome. This aperture re-registers the visitor's relationship to the ground above and allows light to track and diffuse, like a subterranean Pantheon, across its smooth concrete interior. The abstracted sanctuary serves to free artistic production from the constraints of the architectural object, creating a contemporary crypt enabling the birth and death of the word and the act.


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Flying Into Istanbul
Istanbul, a city on two continents, seen from the air with the European area of the city in the lower right and with the Asian area in the upper left.
On The Golden Horn
Approaching the European side of Istanbul as sundown approaches. The Suleymaniye mosque stands above the city.
Haghia Sophia
More than 1400 years old Istanbul's Haghia Sophia has been a Christian church, a Moslem mosque and is now a museum.
The interior of Haghia Sophia.
The great dome of Haghia Sophia with a scaffold use by restorers.
The interior of Haghia Sophia with symbols of both the Christian and Moslem religions.
Some of the details of the interior including the Archangel Gabriel depicted.
One of the Christian mosaics showing May and Jesus in the center with the Emperors Justinian on the left offering Mary Haghia Sophia and Constantine on the right offering the city of Constantinople.
The Blue Mosque
This is a partial view of the interior of Istanbul's Blue Mosque which is more formerly named the Sultan Ahmet mosque. It was built between 1609 and 1616.
A view of some of the architecture of the Blue Mosque.
A close up view of some of the architecture of the Blue Mosque.
The interior of the Blue Mosque empty of people as it is being cleaned.
The Grand Bazaar
This is the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul which was established in the late 1400's. Today it is a labyrinth of roofed over streets with thousands of small shops.
Shopping At The Grand Bazaar
Some shoppers at a lighting store, one of thousands of shops.
A couple and a salesman at a shop selling food.
For Sale At The Grand Bazaar
Some of the wide variety of teas and spices for sale at many shops in the Grand Bazaar.
Evening In Istanbul
Typical restaurants along an Istanbul street getting ready for customers as night falls.
Guarding The Founder's Tomb
A guard from the Turkish navy stands at attention at the tomb of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , the founder of the Turkish republic. The tomb is located in the capitol of Turkey, Ankara.
Cappadocia (I)
'Fairy Chimneys' , with caps, part of the remarkable landscape of the central Turkish region of Cappadocia.
Cappadocia (II)
The Cappadocian landscape showing the eroded tuff (hardened volcanic ash) that makes the area remarkable.


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|Glossary of Library Terms
This glossary has been created to help explain terms used in libraries.
Abstract - A brief summary of a book or article, accompanied by the bibliographic description (including author, title, publication information) of the work.
Annotation - A brief description of an information source which follows a bibliographic citation. An annotation may include a summary of the key points addressed in the source, a description of the kind of source, and an evaluation of the source. See also Citation and Bibliography
Archive - A repository holding documents or other material, usually of historical value.
Article - A composition on a subject, usually found in journals, magazines, encyclopedias.
Audiovisual materials - Non-book materials such as filmstrips, recordings, films, records, video and audio cassettes, and compact discs (CDs).
Bibliographic citation - The information that describes a specific item. For example, the bibliographic citation for a book would include the book's title, author or editor, place of publication, year of publication. The bibliographic citation for an article would include the article's title, author, title of the magazine or journal, volume number, and page numbers of the article. Sometimes also referred to as a bibliographic entry, reference, or just as a citation.
Bibliography - A list of items (books, articles, videos) arranged in a logical order and having something in common such as the author, or a common subject. Books and scholarly articles often have bibliographies at the end of the work, listing the information sources on which they are based. A bibliography contains a brief citation describing the source used, so the reader can locate the item.
Book truck - A cart used to hold books before they are re-shelved, and is also used to transport books and other library materials to the shelves for re-shelving.
Boolean operators - A method of combining search terms by expressing the relationship of one concept to another, using the words AND, OR, and NOT. Most databases allow searching with these three Boolean operators. For more information look at Boolean Operators page.
Bound periodicals - A term referring to multiple issues of periodicals which have been covered by a binding to create a single volume. This process is used in libraries to preserve items for long-term use.
Call number - An identification number assigned to a library collection item (e.g. book, video recording, musical score) which allow library users to locate the item in the collection or to request ("Call") the item from a closed stack area. For example the items in the Riverside Community College District Library and Learning Resource Center's collection are identified with Library of Congress call numbers.
Circulation desk - A service desk where books and other materials are loaned or checked out to library users. Library materials which do not circulate (Reference books and periodicals, for example) can be used within the library.
Citation - See Bibliographic citation.
Copyright - Copyright laws protect intellectual property from misuse by other individuals. Ideas and information in print or electronic form are the property of the person who created them. You must obtain permission to use copyrighted material. You may use copyrighted materials for educational purposes if you adhere to the fair-use guidelines. For more information refer to the Copyright page.
Controlled vocabulary - specific words and phrases (descriptors) used when creating subject headings for a book, article, etc. for a specific index or catalog. For example, the books within the Riverside Library collection are given subject headings from the Library of Congress Subject Headings. Using controlled vocabulary brings together items of a similar subject under a single term. Compare with Natural language.
Cross-reference - A note in an index or document which refers to the main entry or preferred term. Often the note begins with See: followed by the term you should use.
Database - An organized collection of computer records that have a standard format (e.g. Expanded Academic ASAP, RCC Catalog). For an overview of databases and database searching see Searching Indexes.
Deep Web -The deep web is those parts of the internet that are not easily accessible by searches in standard search engines such as Google. The majority of websites are considered to be a part of the deep web, and may include things such as email services, online banking, and those pages located behind paywalls.
Electronic database - see Database
Encyclopedia - A work containing factual articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged alphabetically. A subject encyclopedia is a similar work, on a single field of activity or a single subject. An encyclopedia can be one volume or many volumes, depending on the amount of material included.
Fair-use guidelines - The doctrine of fair use allows copyrighted works to be used for purposes such as criticism, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, or research. Fair use generally applies to nonprofit, educational purposes that do not affect the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work. Read more about fair-use guidelines on the following Web Page:
Full-text database - A bibliographic database which contains the complete text of the bibliographic record (such as a journal article) which is referenced in the database.
Government documents - monographs, serial publications, reports, or official communication published by any international, federal, state, county or municipal governing body.
Hold - A library user may place a hold on a book charged out to another person; this ensures that the person placing the hold will be next in line to receive the book when the book is returned.
Index - A list, in alphabetical or numerical order, of the topics, names, etc. that are treated or mentioned in a publication or group of publications, along with references to the pages where the topics are discussed. Author, subject, and title indexes are common; the type of index depends on the type of material covered in the publication.
Interlibrary Loan - Riverside Community College District (RCCD) faculty may obtain materials not owned by the Riverside Community College District Library and Learning Resources Center (LLRC) through this free service. The Reference Librarian will assist in this procedure.
IMC - Instructional Media Center is part of the Library and Learning Resource Center (LLRC) of the Riverside Community College District. For more information visit the IMC home page.
Issue number - An issue number is used in conjunction with the volume number to indicate a specific magazine or journal issue. In the example The American Journal of Public Health v87 no. 2, February 1997, this is the second issue of the journal for the year 1997.
Journal - A periodical on a specialized topic. Journals are often published by a professional association, society, foundation, or institute. A Refereed journal is one in which the process to determine if an article will be accepted for publication is done by the writer's professional colleagues, or peers (also known as the peer review process). Sometimes refereed journals are also called Scholarly journals. See also Magazine or Refereed journal.
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Keyword searching - Keyword searching allows a user to construct a search by looking for a word or phrase which may be contained in any of several fields (e.g. author, title, or subject fields.)
Library of Congress Classification System - A classification system developed by the Library of Congress for its collection, and used by most of the nation's college and university libraries.
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCHS) - This is a four volume set of alphabetically arranged subject headings that catalogers and indexers use to classify library materials, including books and periodicals. The LCSH will identify the correct heading to use, as well as list broader topics, narrower topics, and related topics. Knowing the correct subject heading can make subject searching more effective.
LLRC - Stands for the Library and Learning Resource Center of the Riverside Community College District. It is made up of the 3 campus libraries (the Martin Luther King Jr. Library on the Riverside City Campus; the Wilfred J. Airey Library on the Norco Campus; and the Moreno Valley Campus Library) as well as the Instructional Media Center (IMC).
Magazine - A periodical containing news stories or articles on various subjects and written for the general public (as opposed to a scholarly or technical audience). See also Journal.
Microfiche - A small, flat sheet (usually 4 in. x 6 in. or 3 in. x 5 in.) of photographic film which contains small images arranged in horizontal and vertical rows.
Microfilm - Photographic film showing small images of publications, such as the contents of entire newspapers. LLRC microfilm is packaged on reels and viewing and copying is available.
Microforms - Documents, often ones that are bulky or liable to deteriorate rapidly, which have been photographed and reduced in size to reduce the storage space required and to preserve them. Common formats for microforms are microfilm, microfiche, or microcard. Selected college catalogs, telephone books, newspapers, and magazines are available in microform.
Monograph - A scholarly book on a single subject, class of subjects, or person. A more specific definition is a lengthy work on a particular subject or person, detailed in treatment and often containing bibliographies.
Natural language - everyday language; in database searching, a natural language search allows the user to type words in the same way that a person normally speaks them. Compare with controlled vocabulary.
Nesting - a searching structure that involves using parentheses to insure that Boolean operators are performed in the sequence you intend. This technique allows you to build a complex search using two or more operators (AND, OR, NOT).
Online catalog - A catalog in electronic (machine-readable) format and accessible online. Also known as an Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC).
Oversize - A book which is too large to be shelved in normal call number sequence on the shelves of a library. Oversize materials may be shelved in a separate location, as indicated in the entry in the online catalog.
Periodical - A publication that is produced at regular intervals, or "periodically", and is intended to appear indefinitely. Generally, the frequency of publication is weekly, monthly, quarterly. See also Magazine, Journal, Serial.
Periodical index - Periodical indexes list articles which have appeared in journals, magazines, or newspapers. They list author, title, name of periodical, volume, pages and date of publication. Abstracts are indexes that also contain summaries of the content of the article. Paper indexes and abstracts can be found in the Reference Area.
Plagarism - Stealing someone else's published ideas or information and presenting them as your own, without giving proper credit.
Popular magazine - see Magazine
Primary source - Primary sources are those records generated by a particular event or time period, by those who participated in or witnessed it. Primary sources contain original information and are usually the place where the original information first appears. Examples of primary sources include interviews, diaries, letters, speeches, results of experiments or original research, literary works, autobiographies, original theories, and other materials. Compare to secondary source.
Range - A row of library book shelves, usually double-faced. A group of ranges may be referred to collectively as the Stacks. See also Shelving.
RCCD - Stands for the "Riverside Community College District."
Record - a collection of related data, arranged in fields and treated as a unit. The data for each item in an electronic database makes up a record.
Refereed journal - a periodical in which professional colleagues, or peers, determine if an article will be accepted for publication.
Reserves - Materials which a professor has set aside for a class to use. These materials may be checked out at the Circulation/Reserve Desk.
Scholarly journal - see Journal
Secondary source - Secondary sources are those records generated by an event but written by non-participants or witnesses of the event. Secondary sources are based on or derived from primary sources but have been interpreted or analyzed. Examples of secondary sources include magazine and journal articles, literary criticism, biographies, and encyclopedia articles which analyze or interpret primary sources.
Serial - Any publication issued in successive parts, appearing at intervals, (usually regular ones), and, as a rule, intended to be continued indefinitely. Examples would include newspapers, periodicals, annuals, proceedings of a society.
Shelving - Collectively, the shelves upon which books and other library materials are stored.
Stack(s) - The shelves on which the library's materials are stored. The plural, stacks, is often used.
Style manuals - Publications listing and describing specific guidelines for writing research articles, essays, and bibliographies. Many professional fields have their own style manuals. Style manuals are also important because they insure consistency among publications. Two examples of style manuals would be the APA Publication Manual and the MLA Handbook.
Subject headings - words or phrases assigned to books and articles and used to index these items by topic. Determining the correct headings for a specific database or catalog is an important part of effective research. Subject headings are also known as descriptors. See also Thesaurus.
Thesaurus - a list of all the subject headings or descriptors used in a particular database, catalog, or index.
Trade publications - Periodical articles and books written by and for people working in specific trade occupations. Examples of trade publications would include periodicals for construction, mechanics, and automotive repair. Compare with magazines, or journals.
Truncation - the process of typing a special symbol at the end of a word's root form to retrieve all possible endings of that word. Frequently used symbols for truncation include the asterisk (*), the pound sign (#), or the question mark (?). For more information see Truncation.
Volume or Volume number - In relation to periodicals, a volume number refers to all the issues of a specific journal or magazine for a specific time period (usually one year). For books, a volume indicates the order of a book in a series or set.


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This article is more than 1 year old
Apple sets lawyers on pod-people
Invasion of the trademark defenders
Apple is stepping up legal threats against companies it accuses of infringing its trademarks. The computer giant has written to two US companies asking them to stop using the word 'pod'.
Mach5 Products makes the Profit Pod, a device for wirelessly collecting data from arcade games or other vending machines. The device keeps track of how many coins are put into a machine and that information can be put straight into a spreadsheet.
But Apple claims the device is "confusingly similar" to its own trademarked music player.
It has written to the owners of Mach5, Carolee and Dave Ellison, asking them to abandon attempts to trademark the Profit Pod name and stop using the term.
And they are not alone.
Terry Wilson set up a company last year to make TightPods - rather wonderful close-fitting covers originally designed for her PowerBook. The front page of her website promotes a tiger-patterned pod for users of Mac's operating system.
Wilson told ZDNet that she chose the name because using the cover was like putting a seed in a pod and because the word was a "hot buzz word - a part of the vernacular". ®


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'Tis the season for old-timey movie references (The Artist, Hugo), and Steven Spielberg joins in with War Horse and its homages to John Ford (an opening honoring The Quiet Man and a conclusion from The Searchers) and to World War I classics (The Big Parade, All Quiet on the Western Front). There's also one heck of a veritable, old-fashioned story, about a fabulous horse, Joey, who passes from plowing fields to fending for himself on the European front in 1914, meanwhile being passed from hand to hand, soldier to soldier, side to side, and suffering nobly and courageously, Black Beauty-style. War Horse is corny, sentimental, overlong, but also spectacular at times, even stirring. Spielberg sure knows how to orchestrate a big-budget popular movie.
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A discussion of rough play in the NHL appeared to approach violence itself as hockey dad Mike Milbury and analyst Jeremy Roenick engaged in a heated argument live on NBC Sports Network.
How running an NFL team is like running a restaurant | Chef Emeril Lagasse
The kettle had been under pressure for a few minutes before boiling over into a mess of insults and comebacks. Milbury even appeared to kick Roenick off the show—perhaps permanently? Both men, at one point, clench their fists in apparent preparation for a physical altercation. Bill Patrick tried valiantly to cool the pair down, to no avail. But, then, with NBC Sports ratings in a nosedive, maybe some animosity is what the network needs—if only to get people talking about it.


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Baltimore is the largest city in the state of Maryland, the 19th largest in the United States, It is part of the Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area.[1] Baltimore is a very liberal city.
- 1 People
- 2 Industry
- 3 Education
- 4 Sports
- 5 Higher culture
- 6 Parks
- 7 History
- 7.1 pre 1800
- 7.2 19th century
- 7.3 Baltimore and Ohio Railway
- 7.4 Peabody and Philanthropy
- 7.5 Blacks
- 7.6 1850s
- 7.7 Civil War
- 7.8 Gilded Age
- 7.9 Progressive era
- 7.10 Depression and War: 1929-1950
- 7.11 Urban Crisis: 1950-1990
- 7.12 1990s to the present
- 8 Religion
- 9 Famous sons and daughters
- 10 See also
- 11 Further reading
The 2010 population of the city was 620,961; Baltimore County, of which the city is independent, had 805,029. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area had 2.7 million residents, making it the 20th largest in the country. The Washington-Baltimore metropolitan area has a population of 8.3 million.
The city's population rose from 20% black in 1940 to 60% today and includes many German Americans, Italian Americans, American Jews and Polish Americans. From the 1840s to the 1950s the city was dominated by German Americans. However the German-American community was split along lines of religion and, apart from opposing prohibition, seldom voted as a unified bloc.
In the 1940s Jews were concentrated in northwest Baltimore. Germans, Poles, and Italians —operatives and skilled workers in the city's diversified industries - lived in the south and east, near the harbor. The immigrants' well-defined row house neighborhoods in East Baltimore and Highland-town gave the city its ethnic flavor. The rowhouses in the south and southwest parts of the city, collectively known as South Baltimore, were homes to well-established Germans and Irish.
Until 1964, Jim Crow was enforced both legally and socially, although the schools were integrated in the late 1950s.
Baltimore was the first city to use manufactured coal gas for energy following the creation of the Gas Light Company of Baltimore, Maryland, in 1816. Thereafter, gas plants were developed throughout the United States.
From 1860 to 1960, Baltimore was an important center of the men's ready-to-wear clothing industries. German-speaking Jews created many businesses that manufactured and sold underwear, men's suits, and specialty items such as hats and umbrellas. The most prominent Jewish businessmen operated at the retail level: Hutzler's, Hochschild Kohn's, and Hecht's were the city's major department stores from the late 19th century through the 1970s.
The new Maryland state constitution of 1864 ended slavery and provided for the education of all children, including blacks. The Baltimore Association for the Moral and Educational Improvement of the Colored People established schools for blacks that were taken over by the public school system, which then restricted education for blacks beginning in 1867 when Democrats regained control of the city. Establishing an unequal system that prepared white students for citizenship while using education to reinforce black subjugation, Baltimore's postwar school system exposed the contradictions of race, education, and republicanism in an age when African Americans struggled to realize the ostensible freedoms gained by emancipation.[2]
In 1889 the university opened the Johns Hopkins Hospital Training School for Nurses. It was new and it revolutionized American health care by professionalizing nursing, then characterized by low pay, low status, long hours, and heavy work by working-class women. Johns Hopkins, as well as other nursing institutions in the United States, based their reforms on Florence Nightingale's work at St. Thomas's Hospital's nursing school founded in London in 1860.
Baltimore is the home of two professional sports teams: the Baltimore Orioles of the American League and the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL (the latter relocated from Cleveland but, as part of the relocation, could not take the team name or its franchise history).
Higher culture
Baltimore is the site of the Johns Hopkins University (1876), a premier research institution best known for its medical school. Other notable schools are Loyola University Maryland, the College of Notre Dame of Maryland (1873), Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins University (formerly the Peabody Conservatory of Music; founded 1857), and Goucher College (1885) in suburban Towson. Much of the work of higher education is done by the University of Maryland-Baltimore, the University of Maryland-Baltimore County, the University of Maryland, and Towson University. Morgan State University is a historically black school. The Baltimore Museum of Art, the Peale Museum, and the Walters Art Gallery have notable collections of art, and the B & O Railroad Museum houses an impressive collection of railroad memorabilia. The Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland African American History and Culture, founded in the 1990s, attempts a 'balancing act' by highlighting the importance, endurance, and vitality of African American history and culture, while emphasizing the destructive effects of slavery and racism. The Morris Mechanic Theater, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, the Baltimore Opera Company, and Fort McHenry (its successful defense against the British in 1814, inspired Francis Scott Key to write "The Star-Spangled Banner") are other major attractions. Nearby Pimlico Race Track is the site of the Preakness Stakes, a major event in horse racing. Druid Hill Park contains the city zoo and a natural history museum. The U.S.S. Constellation, launched in 1854 is a major tourist attraction in the harbor.
The story of the Patapsco Forest Reserve (later renamed the Patapsco Valley State Park) near Baltimore reveals notable connections between the Progressive-era movements for forest conservation and urban park planning. In 1903, the Patapsco Valley site, although outside the city boundary, was nevertheless identified by the Olmstead Brothers landscape architecture firm as an ideal site to acquire property for future park development. At the same time, the Maryland State Board of Forestry, seeking to establish scientific forestry research, received donated land for this purpose in the Patapsco Valley. Over subsequent decades, a powerful alliance of urban elites, state managers, and city officials assembled thousands of acres along the Patapsco River. The site evolved into a unique hybrid of forest preserve and public park that reflected both its location on the urban fringe and its dual heritage in the conservation and parks movements.[3]
pre 1800
Baltimore was settled in the early 17th century and founded as a town in 1729. It was named after Lord Baltimore, the founder of Maryland. Baltimore was incorporated by 1745, and over the next two decades it acquired nine parcels of land to become an important and substantial community on the Patapsco River. Through the rest of the century Baltimore drained and filled in marshes, built canals around the falls and through the center of town, and expanded southeastward. The American Revolution stimulated the domestic market for wheat and iron ore, and in Baltimore flour milling increased along the Jones and Gwynn Falls. Iron ore transport greatly boosted the local economy. The British naval blockade hurt Baltimore's shipping, but also freed merchants and traders from British debts, which along with the capture of British merchant vessels furthered Baltimore's economic growth. By 1800 Baltimore had become one of the major cities of the new republic.[4]
The economic foundations laid down between 1763 and 1776 were vital to the even greater expansion seen during the Revolutionary War. Though still lagging behind Philadelphia, Baltimore merchants and enterprisers produced an expanding commercial community with family businesses and partnerships proliferating in shipping, the flour-milling and grain business, and the indentured servant traffic. International trade focused on four areas: Britain, Southern Europe, the West Indies, and the North American coastal towns. Credit was the essence of the system and a virtual chain of indebtedness meant that bills remained long unpaid and little cash was used among overseas correspondents, merchant wholesalers, and retail customers. Bills of exchange were used extensively, often circulating as currency. Frequent crises of credit, and the wars with France kept prices and markets in constant flux, but men such as William Lux and the Christie brothers produced a maturing economy and a thriving metropolis by the 1770s.[5] The population reached 14,000 in 1790, but the decade was a rough one for the city. The Bank of England's suspension of specie payments caused the network of Atlantic credit to unravel, leading to a mild recession. The Quasi-War with France in 1798-1800 caused major disruptions to Baltimore's trade in the Caribbean. Finally, a yellow fever epidemic diverted ships from the port, while much of the urban population fled into the countryside. The downturn widened to include every social class and area of economic activity. In response the business community diversified away from an economy based heavily on foreign trade.[6]
19th century
Population growth
- 1790 14,000
- 1800 27,000
- 1810 47,000
- 1820 63,000
- 1830 81,000
- 1840 102,000
- 1850 169,000
- 1860 212,000
- 1870 267,000
- 1880 332,000
- 1890 434,000
Baltimore dominated the American flour trade after 1800 due to the milling technology of Oliver Evans, the introduction of steam power in processing, and the merchant-millers' development of drying processes which greatly retarded spoilage. Still, by 1830 New York's competition was felt keenly, and Baltimoreans were hard-pressed to match the merchantability standards despite more rigorous inspection controls than earlier, nor could they match the greater financial resources of their northern rivals.
Baltimore and Ohio Railway
Baltimore faced economic decline unless it opened routes to the western states, as New York had done with the Erie Canal. In 1827, twenty-five merchants and bankers studied the best means of restoring "that portion of the Western trade which has recently been diverted from it by the introduction of steam navigation." Their answer was to build a railroad—one of the first commercial lines in the world. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad became the first chartered railroad in the United States; twenty thousand investors purchased $5 million in stock to import the rolling stock and build the line. It was a commercial and financial success, and invented many new managerial methods that became standard practice in railroading and modern business. The B&O became the first company to operate a locomotive built in America, with the "Tom Thumb" in 1829. It built the first passenger and freight station (Mount Clare in 1829) and was the first railroad that earned passenger revenues (December 1829), and published a timetable (May 23, 1830). On December 24, 1852, it became the first rail line to reach the Ohio River from the eastern seaboard. Its lines are still profitable, though it was merged into the CSX system in 1987.
Peabody and Philanthropy
George Peabody rose from humble beginnings to become one of the nation's most powerful businessmen. Based in Baltimore, Peabody developed an extensive network of financial and mercantile institutions that laid the groundwork for J. P. Morgan's financial empire. Peabody relocated to London in 1837 and later helped install the first transatlantic telegraph cables. During the 1860s, Peabody began his celebrated philanthropic career, endowing libraries and museums and aiding the poor on both sides of the Atlantic. Peabody's legacy inspired Andrew Carnegie and other captains of industry to offer some of their wealth to serve the public good.[7]
From the late 1700s into the 1820s Baltimore was a "city of transients," a fast-growing boomtown attracting thousands of ex-slaves from the surrounding countryside. Slavery in Maryland declined steadily after the 1810s as the state's economy shifted away from plantation agriculture, as evangelicalism and a liberal manumission law encouraged owners to liberate those in bondage, and as other masters practiced "term slavery," registering deeds of manumission but postponing the actual date of freedom for a decade or more. Baltimore's shrinking slave population often lived and worked alongside the city's growing free black population as "quasi-freedmen." With unskilled and semiskilled employment readily available, particularly in the shipyards and related industries, little friction with white workers occurred. Despite the overall poverty of the city's free blacks, compared with the condition of those living in Philadelphia, Charleston, and New Orleans, Baltimore was a "city of refuge," where slave and free black alike found an unusual amount of freedom. Churches, schools, and fraternal and benevolent associations provided a cushion against hardening white attitudes toward free blacks in the wake of Nat Turner's revolt in Virginia in 1831. But a flood of German and Irish immigrants swamped Baltimore's labor market after 1840, driving free blacks deeper into poverty.[8]
The Maryland Chemical Works of Baltimore used a mix of free labor, hired slaves, and slaves owned by the corporation to work in its factory. Since chemicals needed constant attention, the rapid turnover of free white labor encouraged the owner to use slaves. While slave labor was about 20% cheaper, the company began to reduce its dependence on slave labor in 1829 when two slaves ran away and one died.[9]
It was easy for slaves in the city to run away—as Frederick Douglass did. Therefore, slaveholders in Baltimore frequently turned to gradual manumission as a means to secure dependable and productive labor from slaves. In promising freedom after a fixed period of years, slaveholders intended to reduce the costs associated with lifetime servitude while providing slaves incentive for cooperation. Blacks for their part tried to negotiate terms of manumission that were more advantageous, and the implicit threat of flight weighed significantly in slaveholders' calculations.[10]
Baltimore in the Third Party System had two-party competitive elections, with powerful bosses, carefully orchestrated political violence, and an emerging working-class consciousness at the polls. The fierce politics of the 1850s had galvanized the white workers, most of them German, who opposed slavery. The American Party emerged in the mid 1850s to represent Protestants and to counter the Democratic Party, which was increasingly controlled by Catholic Irish. When Baltimore erupted in violence at the time of Lincoln's inauguration, for example, the pro-Union "Blood Tubs" that took to the streets were veterans of political rioting. The nativist American (Know-Nothing) Party captured the Baltimore government in 1854. The party used patronage and, especially, coercion; its armed forces scared off Democratic voters and forced drunks and immigrants to vote multiple times. The party elected a congressman and governor during its short reign. In 1860 the Democrat-controlled legislature took back the city police, the militia, patronage, and the electoral machinery, and prosecuted some Know-Nothings for electoral fraud. By 1861 the Know-Nothings had split over secession.[11]
Civil War
Baltimore was torn by the Civil War. Much of the social and political elite favored the Confederacy—and indeed owned house slaves. In the 1860 election the city's large German element voted not for Lincoln but for Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge. They were less concerned with the abolition of slavery, an issue emphasized by Republicans, and much more with nativism, temperance, and religious beliefs, associated with the Know-Nothing Party and strongly opposed by the Democrats. However the Germans hated slavery and supported the Union.
When Massachusetts troops marched through the city on April 19, 1861, en route to Washington, a rebel mob attacked; 4 soldiers and 12 rioters were dead, and 36 soldiers and uncounted rioters had been injured. Governor Thomas Hicks realized action was needed. He convened a special session of the General Assembly but moved its location to a site in Frederick, a distance from the secessionist groups. In doing this and by other actions, Hicks managed to neutralize the General Assembly to avoid Maryland's secession from the Union, becoming a hero in the eyes of the Unionists in the state. Meanwhile, pro-Confederate gangs burned the bridges connecting Baltimore and Washington to the North, and cut the telegraph lines. Lincoln sent in federal troops under Gen. Ben Butler; they seized the city, imposed martial law, and arrested leading Confederate spokesmen. The prisoners were later released and the rail lines reopened, making Baltimore a major Union base during the war.
Gilded Age
Maryland was not subject to Reconstruction, but the end of slavery meant heightened racial tensions as free blacks flocked to the city and many armed confrontations erupted between blacks and whites. Rural blacks who flocked to Baltimore created increased competition for skilled jobs and upset the prewar relationship between free blacks and whites. As black migrants were relegated to unskilled work or no work at all, violent strikes erupted. Denied entry into the regular state militia, armed blacks formed militias of their own. In the midst of this change, white Baltimoreans interpreted black discontent as disrespect for law and order, which justified police repression.[12]
The construction of new housing was a major factor in Baltimore's economy. Vill (1986) examines the activities of major builders between 1869 and 1896, especially as they gained access to building land and capital. Most, but not all, of the major builders were craftsmen who were entrepreneurs compared with others in the building trades, but were still small businessmen who built a relatively small number of houses during long careers. They worked closely with landowners, and both groups manipulated the city's leasehold system to their own advantage. Builders obtained credit from a diverse array of sources, including sellers of land, building societies, and land companies. The most important source was individual lenders, who lent money in small amounts either on their own account or through lawyers and trustees overseeing funds held in trust. In spite of their important role in shaping the city, the contractors were small businessmen who rarely achieved citywide visibility.[13] Expanded economic activity brought many immigrants from the countryside and from Europe after the Civil War. Concerns for young, single Protestant women alone in cities led to the growth of the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) movement. Given the practice of segregation in Baltimore, however, two YWCA's emerged, the (white) Baltimore YWCA founded in 1883 and the Colored YWCA founded in 1896. They merged in 1920.
Progressive era
Population growth
- 1900 509,000
- 1910 558,000
- 1920 734,000
- 1930 805,000
- 1940 859,000
- 1950 950,000
- 1960 939,000
- 1970 906,000
- 1980 787,000
- 1990 736,000
- 2000 651,000
- 2007 637,000
Political reform began in 1895 with the defeat of the Arthur Gorman-Isaac Freeman Rasin Democratic machine. The great fire of 1904 destroyed 70 blocks and 1,526 buildings in the downtown, and led to systematic urban renewal programs.[14]
Baltimore was a poorly managed city in 1890, despite its economic vitality. Already Boston, Chicago, and New York were moving to modernize their public works infrastructures and to support the construction of capital-intensive, technologically sophisticated sewer and water supply systems. Baltimore lagged behind the other American metropolises because of its culture of privatism and the politicization of its municipal administration. However, during the 1890-1920 period the city responded to the same concerns as Chicago, New York, and Boston. The increase in urban crises, particularly the 1904 fire and the deterioration of sanitary conditions, prompted demands for reform. Moreover, the municipal administration underwent a process of moralization and professionalization in the 1900s. Afterward, Baltimore modeled itself on the other American metropolises and chose to modernize its institutions and address the industrial and urban challenges of the era.[15]
When in 1918 the US government reversed its draft exemption for married workers and required all men to work in essential occupations or serve in the military, professional baseball players either enlisted or joined industrial baseball leagues. Company leagues included those of Bethlehem Steel, which had recreational leagues on both coasts that by 1918 represented a major-league level of competition. Sparrows Point, Maryland, a Bethlehem Steel company town, had a Steel League team, whose results Baltimore baseball fans followed closely. At the same time, fans also followed the draft status and 1918 season of Baltimore native Babe Ruth, then playing with the Boston Red Sox and considering his own options, including joining an industrial league team. In September Bethlehem Steel, fearing competition with other leagues over professional talent, disbanded the Steel League. When the war ended in November, players such as Ruth were free to re-sign with their major league teams.[16]
Depression and War: 1929-1950
Argersinger (1988) describes the loss of power by traditional Democratic leaders and organizations in Baltimore under the New Deal. The old-line Democrats operated in the spirit of traditional political bosses who dispensed the patronage. They were, at best, lukewarm Roosevelt supporters because the New Deal threatened their monopoly on patronage. Blacks, other ethnic groups, labor, and other former supporters turned from their patrons to other leadership. Baltimore Mayor Howard W. Jackson's support gradually eroded until he was defeated in a gubernatorial primary election to choose an opponent for a Republican who earlier defeated conservative Governor Albert C. Richie. Conservative Senator Millard Tydings retained office because a Roosevelt move to purge him in 1938 backfired.[17]
Baltimore was a major war production center in World War II. The biggest operations were Bethlehem Steel's Fairfield Yard, on the southeastern edge of the harbor, which built Liberty ships; its work force peaked at 46,700 in late 1943. Even larger was Glenn Martin, an aircraft plant located 10 miles northeast of downtown. By late 1943 about 150,000 to 200,000 migrant war workers had arrived. They were predominantly poor white southerners; most came from the hills of Virginia, North Carolina, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, South Carolina, and Tennessee. War mobilization brought federal pressure to unionize the work force, and by 1941 the leftist CIO had organized most of Baltimore's large industries, while the more conservative AFL also gained many new members. By 1945, labor unions and ethnics had taken over local politics and liberal mayors enjoyed black as well as white support. The machine was led by Italian Catholic politicians such as Nancy Pelosi's father, Thomas D'Alesandro, Jr., who was mayor in 1947–59; her brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, was mayor from 1967 to 1971.[18] On the day Pelosi's father dedicated Baltimore's monument to Confederate generals Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee, Nancy Pelosi joined in the celebrations together with the grandchildren of Lee and Jackson.[19]
Father John F. Cronin's early confrontations with Communists in the World War II-era labor movement turned him into a leading anti-Communist in the Catholic Church and the US government during the Cold War. Father Cronin, then a leading local Catholic priest, saw a united labor movement as central to his moderate, reformist vision for Baltimore's social ills, and worked closely with anti-Communist labor leaders.[20]
Urban Crisis: 1950-1990
In 1950, the city's population topped out at 950,000, of whom 24% were black. Then the white movement to the suburbs began in earnest, and the population inside the city limits steadily declined and became proportionately more black.
Integration of Baltimore city schools at first went smoothly, as city elites suppresses working class white complaints, which only sped up white flight to suburban schools. By the 1970s new problems had surfaced. White flight transformed formerly white schools into mostly black schools, though whites still made up most of the faculty and administration. Worse, the school system had become dependent on federal funding. In 1974, these circumstances led to two dramatic incidents. A teachers' strike highlighted the city's unwillingness to raise teachers' salaries because a hike in property taxes would further alienate white residents. A second crisis revolved around a federally mandated desegregation plan that also threatened to alienate the remaining white residents. The crises were caused by federal policy.[21]
Heroin usage in Baltimore reveals the explosive rise of illegal drug use in the United States in the 1960s. In the late 1940s there were only a few dozen African-American heroin addicts in the Pennsylvania Avenue area of the city. Heroin use began largely for reasons of prestige within a group that most middle-class blacks looked down on. When the Baltimore police formed the three-man narcotics squad in 1951 there was only moderate profit in drug dealing and shoplifting was the addict's crime of choice. By the late 1950s young whites were experimenting with the drug, and by 1960 there were over one thousand heroin addicts in the police files; this figure doubled in the 1960s. A generation of profiteering young, violent black dealers took over in the 1960s as violence increased and the price of heroin skyrocketed. Increasing drug usage was undoubtedly the primary reason for burglaries rising tenfold and robberies rising thirtyfold from 1950 to 1970. Soaring numbers of broken homes and Baltimore's declining economic status probably exacerbated the drug problem. Adolescents in suburban areas began using drugs in the late 1960s.[22]
Civil rights
In the 1930s and 1940s the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the black churches, and the Afro-American weekly newspaper took charge of organizing and publicizing demonstrations. There was no rioting. In the late 1950s Martin Luther King and his national civil rights movement inspired black ministers in Baltimore mobilize their communities in opposition to local discrimination. The churches were instrumental in keeping lines of communication open between the geographically and politically divided middle-class and poor blacks, a chasm that had widened since the end of World War II. Ministers formed a network across churches and denominations and did much of the face-to-face work of motivating people to organize and protest. In many cases they also adopted King's theology of justice and freedom and altered their preaching styles.[23]
In the 1950s and 1960s, white Southern racial politics moved north into Baltimore and other cities. White Southerners came to Baltimore by the thousands during World War II, permanently altering the city's political landscape. Southern whites built on existing racial restrictions in Maryland to approximate the customary lines of demarcation further south. Working whites mobilized to prevent school integration after the 'Brown' decision of 1954. They believed that their interests were being sacrificed to those of black Americans. As working-class whites began to feel increasingly embattled in the face of federal intervention into local practices, many turned to the 1964 presidential primary campaign of George Wallace who swept the white working class vote. Durr (2003) explains the defection of white working-class voters in Baltimore to the Republican Party as being caused by their fears that the Democratic Party's desegregation policies posed a threat to their families, workplaces, and neighborhoods.[24]
Between 1950 and 1990, Baltimore's population declined by more than 200,000 and poverty and crime greatly increased. The city had hit bottom.
1990s to the present
Optimism returned in the 1990s. Despite continuing fiscal and social problems, Baltimore has begun to revitalize its business districts and neighborhoods through community organizations, the cooperation of local government and business, and federal aid. In recent decades, the redevelopment of the Inner Harbor and the gentrification of rundown neighborhoods have been major factors in Baltimore's resurgence.
Overcoming the decline of its manufacturing sector, Baltimore is shifting toward white-collar, service, and tourist industries. The movement of young, middle-class families back into the city is promoting the revitalization of historic residential districts.
Mayor Sheila Dixon, a Democrat, was forced to resign in 2010 as part of a plea bargain; already convicted of a misdemeanor for stealing donated gift cards intended for poor children, she was facing yet another trial on perjury charges.
Baltimore enacted "sweeping" gun control laws in 2013, and in 2017 saw the highest ever recorded murder rate between January and May 2017 in the city during that time of year.[25]
Democrat hegemony
2014 riots
The Ferguson riots failed to muster African-American voters to the polls in the 2014 Midterm Elections to retake the U.S House of Representatives or keep the U.S. Senate from going Republican, as Democratic Party strategists (such as Donna Brazile) had hoped.[26][27][28] Yet in many ways the 2015 Baltimore Riots were a spinoff of the anger engendered in Ferguson. The New York Times reported President Obama met the day after the midterms with Ferguson protest leaders and expressed concern, in the words of Al Sharpton, that the movement and its objectives "stay on course".[29] Social media analysts discovered links between the Baltimore and Ferguson violence; between 20 and 50 social media accounts active in Baltimore were also used in Ferguson at the peak of violence in late Summer 2014, suggesting the presence of professional organizers.[30] The New York Times reported President Obama met the day after the 2014 midterms with Ferguson Marxist leaders and expressed concern, in the words of Al Sharpton, that the movement and its objectives "stay on course".[31] Social media analysts discovered links between the Baltimore and Ferguson violence; between 20 and 50 social media accounts active in Baltimore were also used in Ferguson at the peak of violence in late Summer 2014, suggesting the presence of professional organizers.[32]
Rat infestation
Democrat 2020 presidential election candidate Sen. Bernie Sanders said of Baltimore
Residents of Baltimore's poorest boroughs have lifespans shorter than people living under dictatorship in North Korea. That is a disgrace.[34]Sanders further added, "anyone who took the walk that we took around this Baltimore neighborhood would not think you're in a wealthy nation, you'd think that you were in a Third World country".[35] In a walking tour of House Oversight Committee chair Elijah Cummings' district Mayor Catherine Pugh said
What the hell – we should just take all this s**t down. Oooh....you can smell the rats![36]In 2019 Baltimore Deputy Police Chief was robbed at gunpoint.[37] By mid year the city of Baltimore and Rep. Cummings' district was a rat infested dump with 180 homicides.[38] Baltimore is so infested with rodents the Baltimore Sun published a map of rat hot spot map.[39][40] Speaker Nancy Pelosi white-flighted from Baltimore in 1962.[41][42]
5 year 300+ homicide rate
Baltimore has a five-year streak of more than 300 murders, with a new record set in 2019 of 348 homicides. In mid 2020 Baltimore is on pace to bust last year's record and will see defunding of police to the effect of $22 million.
In 2019 Baltimore Deputy Police Chief was robbed at gunpoint.[43] Rep. Cummings' district, using Cummings own language,[44] was a rat infested dump. Baltimore is so infested with rodents that the Baltimore Sun published a rat hot spot map.[45][46] Speaker Nancy Pelosi white-flighted from Baltimore in 1962.[47][48] A sanctuary city, illegal immigrant criminal gangs, such as MS-13, roam the streets preying on other Hispanics.[49] By 2018 Baltimore had over 300 homicides; by the Fall of 2019 the city already had 240 homicides.[50]
In February 2020 mayor Katherine Pugh was sentence to 3 years in federal prison on corruption, fraud, and bribery charges.[51] Incumbent mayor Jack Young begged residents to stop shooting each other so hospital beds could be used for coronavirus patients.[52]
2020 Marxist insurrection
During the Leftist uprising law enforcement officials found "mounds of bricks and bottles" that had been staged in downtown Baltimore.[53]
Baltimore has long been a major center of the Catholic Church, as Maryland was originally founded as a Catholic colony. Important bishops include John Carroll (1735–1815, in office 1789–1815), Francis Kenrick (1796–1863, in office 1851–65), and especially James Cardinal Gibbons (1834–1921, in office 1877–1921).
In 1806–21 Catholics constructed the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, based on a neoclassical design by Benjamin Henry Latrobe. A $34-million restoration was based on Latrobe's original plans and was completed in 2006.
During 1948–61, the Archdiocese of Baltimore was under the leadership of Francis Patrick Keough. The Baltimore Church identified with the anti-Communist and anti-pornography movements and with the expansion of Catholic institutions that addressed a myriad of social, economic, and educational issues. The Church also coordinated a multitude of action projects under the financial control of the Baltimore chancery.[54]
The Methodists were well received in Maryland in the 1760–1840 era, and Baltimore became an important center.[55] Sutton (1998) looks at Methodist artisans and craftsmen, showing they embraced an evangelical identity, Protestant ethic, and complex organizational structure. This enabled them to express their anti-elitist or populist "producerist" values of self-discipline, honesty, frugality, and industry; they denounced greed and sought an interdependent common good. Such producerist views drew on aspects of the Wesleyan ethic, appropriated the commonweal traditions of eighteenth-century republicanism, and initially resisted those of classical liberal, individualistic, self-interested capitalism. They also accorded well with and helped produce the emerging amalgam of American populist, restorationist, biblicistic, revivalistic activism that Sutton terms "Arminianized Calvinism."
Inside the Methodist Church the artisans were reformers who focused on three substantive and symbolic targets, each of which would democratize Methodist conferences: lay suffrage and representation; inclusion of the local preachers, who constituted two-thirds of Methodist leadership; and election of the officers who carried the administrative, personnel, and supervisory power, the presiding elders. The appeals made on behalf of these democratizations, Sutton shows, drew imaginatively on both producerist and Wesleyan rhetoric. By the 1850s Sutton shows that the corporate ideals and individual disciplines of religious producerism were expressed in trade unionism, in evangelical missions to workers, in factory preaching, in workers' congregations, in temperance and Sabbatarianism, in the Sunday school movement, and in the politics of Protestant communal hegemony.
The Appalachians and southern whites arriving in the 1940s brought along a strong religious tradition with them. Southern Baptist churches multiplied during the mid and late 1940s.[56]
Famous sons and daughters
- Spiro Agnew, Republican who was Baltimore's county executive (1962–66), and vice president under Richard Nixon (1969–73), when he was forced to resign because he was still taking bribes from Baltimore clients.
- James Cardinal Gibbons, Catholic archbishop (1877-1921).
- Edgar Allan Poe (born 1809 in Boston) died and was buried in Baltimore in 1849.
See also
Further reading
- Argersinger, Jo Ann E. Toward a New Deal in Baltimore: People and Government in the Great Depression (1988) online edition
- Argersinger, Jo Ann E. Making the Amalgamated: Gender, Ethnicity, and Class in the Baltimore Clothing Industry, 1899-1939 (1999) 229 pp.
- Arnold, Joseph L. "Baltimore: Southern Economy and a Northern Culture," in Richard M. Bernard, ed., Snowbelt Cities: Metropolitan Politics in the Northeast and Midwest since World War II (1990)
- Bilhartz, Terry D. Urban Religion and the Second Great Awakening: Church and Society in Early National Baltimore (1986)
- Browne, Gary Lawson. Baltimore in the Nation, 1789-1861 (1980). 349 pp.
- Durr, Kenneth D. Behind the Backlash: White Working Class Politics in Baltimore, 1940-1980 (2003) online edition
- Elfenbein, Jessica I.The Making of a Modern City: Philanthropy, Civic Culture, and the Baltimore YMCA (2001) 192 pp.
- Fee, Elizabeth, et al. eds. The Baltimore Book: New Views of Local History (1991). 256 pp. guide to the history and culture of working-class neighborhoods; strong left bias
- Hayward, Mary Ellen and Shivers, Frank R., Jr., eds. The Architecture of Baltimore: An Illustrated History (2004). 408 pp.
- Olson, Sherry H. Baltimore: The Building of an American City (1980). 432 pp. a fact (and picture) filled history
- Phillips, Christopher. Freedom's Port: The African American Community of Baltimore, 1790-1860 (1997)
- Rockman, Seth. Scraping By: Wage Labor, Slavery, and Survival in Early Baltimore (2009), 368 pp. social history online review
- Sheads, Scott Sumpter and Daniel Carroll Toomey. Baltimore during the Civil War. (1997). 224 pp. Popular history.
- Simon, David. Homicide (1992) and The Corner (1998). Journalistic looks at the city's police force and black underclass/drug crisis.
- Spalding, Thomas W. The Premier See: A History of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, 1789-1989 (1989)
- Steffen, Charles. The Mechanics of Baltimore: Workers and Politics in the Age of Revolution, 1763-1812 (1984)
- Sutton, William R. Journeymen for Jesus: Evangelical Artisans Confront Capitalism in Jacksonian Baltimore (1998) 351 pp. [www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=3302 online review]
- ↑ The city is entirely separate from Baltimore County.
- ↑ Robert S. Wolff, "The Problem of Race in the Age of Freedom: Emancipation and the Transformation of Republican Schooling in Baltimore, 1860-1867," Civil War History 2006 52(3): 229-254
- ↑ Geoffrey L. Buckley, et al. "The Patapsco Forest Reserve: Establishing a 'City Park' for Baltimore, 1907-1941," Historical Geography 2006 34: 87-108
- ↑ Garrett Power, "Parceling out Land in the Vicinity of Baltimore: 1632-1796, Part 2," Maryland Historical Magazine 1993 88(2): 150-180,
- ↑ Paul K. Walker, "Business and Commerce in Baltimore on the Eve of Independence," Maryland Historical Magazine 1976 71(3): 296-309,
- ↑ Richard S. Chew, "Certain Victims of an International Contagion: The Panic of 1797 and the Hard Times of the Late 1790s in Baltimore," Journal of the Early Republic 2005 25(4): 565-613
- ↑ Elizabeth Schaaf, "George Peabody: His Life and Legacy, 1795-1869," Maryland Historical Magazine 1995 90(3): 268-285,
- ↑ Christopher Phillips Freedom's Port: The African American Community of Baltimore, 1791-1860 (1997)
- ↑ T. Stephen Whitman, "Industrial Slavery at the Margin: the Maryland Chemical Works," Journal of Southern History 1993 59(1): 31-62,
- ↑ Stephen Whitman, "Manumission and the Transformation of Urban Slavery," Social Science History 1995 19(3): 333-370
- ↑ Frank Towers, The Urban South and the Coming of the Civil War (2004)
- ↑ Richard Paul F uke, "Blacks, Whites, and Guns: Interracial Violence in Post-emancipation Maryland," Maryland Historical Magazine 1997 92(3): 326-347
- ↑ Martha J. Vill, "Building Enterprise in Late Nineteenth-Century Baltimore," Journal of Historical Geograph 1986 12(2): 162-181,
- ↑ Christine Meisner Rosen, The Limits of Power: Great Fires and the Process of City Growth in America (1986) has a chapter on Baltimore.
- ↑ Alan D. Anderson, The Origin and Resolution of an Urban Crisis: Baltimore, 1890-1930 (1977). 143 pp.
- ↑ Peter T. Dalleo, and J. Vincent Watchorn, III, "Baltimore, the 'Babe,' and the Bethlehem Steel League, 1918," Maryland Historical Magazine 1998 93(1): 88-106,
- ↑ Argersinger, Jo Ann E. Toward a New Deal in Baltimore: People and Government in the Great Depression (1988)
- ↑ Pelosi married and moved to San Francisco in the late 1960s.
- ↑ https://dailycaller.com/2017/08/19/pelosis-dad-once-praised-the-lives-of-robert-e-lee-and-stonewall-jackson-at-statue-dedication/
- ↑ Joshua B. Freeman, and Steve Rosswurm, "The Education of an Anti-Communist: Father John F. Cronin and the Baltimore Labor Movement," Labor History 1992 33(2): 217-247
- ↑ Edward Berkowitz, "Baltimore's Public Schools in a Time of Transition," Maryland Historical Magazine 1997 92(4): 412-432,
- ↑ Jill Jonnes, "Everybody Must Get Stoned: The Origins Of Modern Drug Culture In Baltimore," Maryland Historical Magazine 1996 91(2): 132-155
- ↑ David Milobsky, "Power from the Pulpit: Baltimore's African-American Clergy, 1950-1970," Maryland Historical Magazine' '1994 89(3): 274-289,
- ↑ Kenneth Durr, "When Southern Politics Came North: the Roots of White Working-class Conservatism in Baltimore, 1940-1964," Labor History 1996 37(3): 309-331; Durr, Behind the Backlash: White Working-Class Politics in Baltimore, 1940-1980 (2003)
- ↑ Hawkins, Awr (June 2, 2017). Baltimore: Sweeping Gun Controls in 2013, Record Number of Murders in 2017. Breitbart News. Retrieved June 3, 2017.
- ↑ http://www.mediaite.com/online/donna-brazile-hypes-midterm-voter-turnout-with-ferguson-hashtag/
- ↑ https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Politics-Voices/2014/0904/Playing-politics-with-Ferguson-Will-it-work-for-Democrats-in-midterms
- ↑ http://news.yahoo.com/obama-triangulates-ferguson-crisis-midterm-231620731.html
- ↑ http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-met-with-ferguson-activists-concerned-protests-stay-on-course
- ↑ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3059840/Anarchists-year-s-violence-Ferguson-active-Baltimore-claim-social-media-experts.html
- ↑ http://www.examiner.com/article/obama-met-with-ferguson-activists-concerned-protests-stay-on-course
- ↑ https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3059840/Anarchists-year-s-violence-Ferguson-active-Baltimore-claim-social-media-experts.html
- ↑ https://www.cheatsheet.com/culture/15-most-corrupt-cities-in-america-for-2018.html/
- ↑ https://twitter.com/SenSanders/status/728278867639676930
- ↑ https://www.baltimoresun.com/politics/bs-md-sanders-baltimore-20151207-story.html
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhbxLZycZwE&feature=youtu.be
- ↑ https://www.foxnews.com/us/arrests-announced-in-gunpoint-robbery-baltimore-deputy-police-commissioner
- ↑ https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2019/07/video-proves-trump-right-baltimore-is-rat-infested-dump-with-180-homicides-so-far-this-year-video/
- ↑ https://twitter.com/JackPosobiec/status/1155352238493069312
- ↑ https://archive.fo/bn0Zx
- ↑ https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2006/10/07/family-dynasty-may-boost-pelosi-to-head-of-house-2/amp/
- ↑ https://qz.com/393128/white-flight-decimated-baltimore-businesses-long-before-rioters-showed-up/amp/
- ↑ https://www.foxnews.com/us/arrests-announced-in-gunpoint-robbery-baltimore-deputy-police-commissioner
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqGt4m_rODA&feature=youtu.be
- ↑ https://twitter.com/JackPosobiec/status/1155352238493069312
- ↑ https://archive.fo/bn0Zx
- ↑ https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2006/10/07/family-dynasty-may-boost-pelosi-to-head-of-house-2/amp/
- ↑ https://qz.com/393128/white-flight-decimated-baltimore-businesses-long-before-rioters-showed-up/amp/
- ↑ https://townhall.com/tipsheet/timothymeads/2019/09/09/six-illegal-immigrants-charged-in-ms-13-related-maryland-murder-n2552778
- ↑ https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2019/07/video-proves-trump-right-baltimore-is-rat-infested-dump-with-180-homicides-so-far-this-year-video/
- ↑ https://politicalwire.com/2020/02/27/ex-baltimore-mayor-sentenced-to-three-years/
- ↑ https://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2020/03/18/we-need-those-beds-baltimore-mayor-urges-people-to-put-down-guns-after-violence-continues-during-covid-19-pandemic/
- ↑ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/mounds-of-bricks-bottles-found-in-baltimore-ahead-of-expected-george-floyd-unrest/ar-BB14TxmI
- ↑ Spalding (1989)
- ↑ Dee E. Andrews, The Methodists and Revolutionary America, 1760-1800: The Shaping of an Evangelical Culture (2000)
- ↑ Rosalind Robinson Levering, Baltimore Baptists, 1773-1973: A History of the Baptist Work in Baltimore During 200 Years (1973) pp 97-168.


text:
Mercedes have published a rendering of their new 2011 F1 car, the W02.
The image shows the team have adopted a wide, flat nose similar to that seen on the Red Bull RB6 last year.
They have reverted to a conventional air intake in place of the radical split airbox used on the W01 from the Spanish Grand Prix last year.
But as with many of the car launches expect the car's aerodynamic package to be revised before the first race of the year in Bahrain.
The image first appeared on the website of German newspaper Bild.
The W02 is due to be run for the first time on Tuesday at Valencia.
2011 F1 cars
Browse all 2011 F1 cars articles
Image ?�?� Mercedes


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Wednesday, June 9
Wednesday Dose of Cute: Dozing Dolores
6 comments:
- Anonymous6/09/2010 10:00 AM
What a sweetheart! I didn't know donkeys smiled -- but she looks remarkably happy.ReplyDelete
- Jackie6/09/2010 11:59 AM
Please forgive me ahead of time, I must have lost my head to have this thought come into it but here goes -- I personally would just keep them for the cute value and entertainment factor but do the donkeys do anything, (oh , I am so ashamed even asking) like carry loads, or pull something on the farm, or other donkey traditional things, as in maybe even ridden?? Shame on me for my impertinance, it just popped into my head.ReplyDelete
Darling, darling, darling!ReplyDelete
I am so glad to have found your blog. I love it. I am now following your blog too.ReplyDelete
God Bless and have a wonderful day.
So sweet, I so enjoy your photos.ReplyDelete
Woo!Hoo! More little donkettes on the way!! We need to hear more about 'leaping Don' and his 'passion' - that must be a great tale.ReplyDelete
December 2015 update: Hi! For some reason I can't figure out, Blogger hasn't been letting me leave comments on my own blog (!) for the last several months, so I've been unable to respond to your comments and questions. My apologies for any inconvenience! You're always welcome to email me: farmgirlfare AT gmail DOT com.
Hi! Thanks for visiting Farmgirl Fare and taking the time to write. While I'm not always able to reply to every comment, I receive and enjoy reading them all.
Your feedback is greatly appreciated, and I especially love hearing about your experiences with my recipes. Comments on older posts are always welcome!
Please note that I moderate comments, so if I'm away from the computer it may be a while before yours appears.
I try my best to answer all questions, though sometimes it takes me a few days. And sometimes, I'm sorry to say, they fall through the cracks, and for that I sincerely apologize.
I look forward to hearing from you and hope you enjoy your e-visits to our farm!


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Content Middle
Main Content.
According to the Gospel of John, chapter 9, verse 2 and 3, the disciples ask their Lord when they have found a blind born person at the path: "Master, who had sinned, he himself or his parents, so that he was born blind?"
Jesus answered: "Neither had he sinned, nor his parents, but the works of God were to be apparent on him."
They have become apparent on me!
Louis Braille, blind organist and inventor of the Braille alphabet which was named after him, might have felt the same.
Dr. Hans-Eugen Schulze
You are all heartily invited to download the documents on my homepage for blind and visually impaired people, to print the documents in a sans-serif script and a type size, which is optimal for visually impaired, and to record them on sound storage media or read them to blind people - on the phone as well.
The adoption of these documents on other websites requires my specific approval.


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WiMax service provider Clearwire will lay off 15 percent of its employees and suspend the opening of retail stores and marketing campaigns in some cities as it tries to conserve cash and raise additional capital.
The company logged a net gain of 1.23 million subscribers in the third quarter, reaching 2.84 million total subscribers, and still expects its network to cover 120 million potential users across the U.S. by the end of this year, it said on Thursday. Revenue rose 114 percent from a year earlier to US$147 million. But Clearwire reported a loss for the quarter of $139 million, or $0.58 per share.
Clearwire is also talking with its major shareholders and third parties about options for raising additional capital to continue expansion of its WiMax network beyond its current build plan. Those could include debt or equity financing, asset sales or "strategic transactions," the company said in a press release on its results. According to published reports, Clearwire has been exploring the sale of some of its vast radio spectrum holdings.
However, the company also announced dramatic steps to conserve its resources in the near term. In cities including Denver and Miami, it will turn on its network before the end of the year but not open retail stores nor advertise its Clear-branded mobile service. Wholesale partners that resell access to the Clearwire network, such as Comcast and majority owner Sprint Nextel, could market the network in those cities themselves if they chose to do so, said Clearwire spokesman Mike DiGioia.
In addition to the 15 percent cut in employees, Clearwire will substantially reduce its contractor workforce. It will also suspend zoning and permitting activities in some markets that it is pursuing beyond its current build plan until additional funding becomes available.
Clearwire also said it would delay the release of its first Clear-branded smartphone.
The company believes these steps could save between $100 million and $200 million this year and again in the first half of 2011.
Clearwire is up against looming competition from Verizon Wireless, which plans to launch an LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network by the end of this year that it says will reach 110 million U.S. residents. AT&T also is planning an LTE launch next year, and T-Mobile USA is rolling out its own high-speed mobile network using HSPA+ (High-Speed Packet Access) technology.
Clearwire's shares on the Nasdaq stock exchange were down $0.30 to $6.87 in after-hours trading Thursday afternoon, following the announcements.


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Journal Article
Area selection for diamonds using magnetotellurics: Examples from southern Africa. Lithos. 112:83–92.. 2009.
Constraints on a shallow offshore gas environment determined by a multidisciplinary geophysical approach: The Malin Sea, NW Ireland. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 15:867–885.. 2014.
Electrical lithosphere beneath the Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research. 116:B04105.. 2011.


text: SOS Children's Village Idjevan Following the devastating earthquake in Armenia in December 1988, SOS Children's Villages decided to offer immediate aid to the children who had lost their parents. Following on from the emergency relief activities, our organisation then started offering long-term support to families and children in other parts of the country. One in five children living in poverty Celebrating in the sunshine (photo:K.Ilievska) Idjevan, the capital of Tavush province, is located on the banks of the river Aghstev, about 140 kilometres north-east of Yerevan. The city is home to around 20,000 people. The area is mountainous, with many rivers and woods. Idjevan is the administrative and business centre of the province. Although once famous for its carpet-weaving factories, production has decreased in recent years. The town is also known for its wood manufacturing, the production of building materials and wine. Armenia is a poor country, and the area around Idjevan is one of its most underdeveloped regions. The rate of unemployment is high, with many more people being underemployed. Around 60 per cent of the population lives in rural areas. Environmental problems such as flooding, crop scarcity, pollution and an inefficient use of land and water have affected many families' ability to make a living in their home area. They have been forced to move elsewhere, thus also losing their social network of support. Children who are most at risk of living in poverty include: those from larger families (more than two children), younger children, those with disabilities, and those living in a household with a female head. Overall, the number of Armenian children without parental care, especially of social orphans, has been increasing steadily over the past few years. These children often suffer from malnutrition. Providing support for those who need it most Idjevan was the second location in Armenia where SOS Children's Villages started working. The Armenian government and the local authorities are very supportive of our work, as the economic crisis has hindered their ability to meet the needs of vulnerable people. SOS Children's Villages is located close to the city centre. There are schools, kindergartens, a music school and a sports training centre nearby. What we do in Idjevan Siblings from the family strengthening programme (photo: M. Morosini ) SOS Children's Villages aims to strengthen local families by helping them take good care of the children. Together with local authorities and other agencies, we ensure that children go to school, and that they have access to nutritional and health support. We give advice on parenting skills and income generation. Families' social skills are developed through a variety of leisure time activities. Furthermore, we strengthen communities so that vulnerable members have someone to turn to in times of need. Children whose families can no longer take care of them can find a loving home in one of the fourteen SOS families. They attend nearby schools or kindergartens together with local children, which helps them become part of the community. In Idjevan, an important part of our work is directed at the improvement of education in schools in the local area. We offer a range of activities which aim to enhance the skills of teachers and educators and make their teaching more child-oriented. Individual children are supported and offered help with school work.


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Flow Balancing Products Bell & Gossett Pressure Independent Control Valves – Ultra Setter™
- Field adjustable lockable GPM dial allows user to set and change maximum flow rate quickly and easily.
- Full stroke modulation at all times
- No need to make Cv calculations when selecting control valves
- Always maintains 100% authority, ensuring excellent control
- Combination valve reduces cost and more accurate flow control lowers lifecycle costs
- Globe valve design ensure complete shut-off and clog free operation
- Reduces system energy consumption and improves system efficiency
- Sizes from ½" to 6"
- Flow Rates from 0.13 GPM to 880 GPM
- Choice of Siemens and Honeywell actuators
Bell & Gossett's Ultra Setter Pressure Independent Control Valves combine easy field adjustability with excellent flow control, making them the ideal energy efficient solution for your HVAC system. The unique GPM dial makes setting and changing the maximum flow a breeze. And the innovative valve design provides full stroke modulation irrespective of the pre-set maximum flow rate, all while maintaining 100% authority at all times.
How does the Ultra Setter work? Try it for yourself!
The Ultra Setter combines your branch balance valve, control valve, and differential pressure regulator into one valve to provide the highest level of flow control. The maximum flow rate is set using the GPM dial, and when the actuator is installed it adjusts the flow in response to your building's heating or cooling demands. By maintaining full stroke modulation at all times the Ultra Setter is able to make much more accurate flow rate adjustments. In addition, the integrated differential pressure regulator automatically compensates for fluctuations in system pressure, further stabilizing the flow rate. The result is reduced valve hunting and improved efficiency, and ultimately reduced energy costs.
Sizing and selection are also much more simplified thanks to the Ultra Setter maintaining 100% authority at all times. No more Cv calculations are necessary and control valves no longer need to be undersized in order to ensure proper control. Simply select the Ultra Setter that meets the line size and flow rate requirements. With sizes from ½" – 6" and flow rate capabilities from 0.13 GPM to 880 GPM the Ultra Setter can meet all your system needs.