text:
Tangle of Need
Berkley Books
December 2012
Amazon • Amazon UK • Barnes&Noble • BookDepo • Bookshop • BAM • Chapters/Indigo • IndieBound • Penguin • Powell's
Advance Excerpt from Tangle of Need. Because this is such an early excerpt, there are likely to be changes in the final text.
Chapter 1
Riaz caught a flash of midnight hair and a long-legged stride and called out, "Indigo!" However, he realized his mistake the instant he turned the corner. "Adria."
Eyes of deepest blue-violet met his, the frost in them threatening to give him hypothermia. "Indigo's in her office." The words were helpful, but the tone might as well have been a serrated blade.
That did it. "Did I kill your dog?"
Frown lines marred her smooth forehead. "Excuse me?"
God, that tone. "It's the only reason," he said, holding on to his temper by a very thin thread, "I can think of to explain why you're so damn pissy with me." Adria had been pulled into den territory during the hostilities with Councilor Henry Scott and his Pure Psy army a month ago and had remained behind to take up a permanent position as a senior soldier. She'd fought with focused determination by Riaz's side, followed his orders on the field without hesitation.
However, off the field?
Glacial enough to bite.
Folding his arms when she didn't reply, he stepped into her personal space, caught the subtle scent of crushed berries and frost. A strangely delicate scent for this hard-ass of a woman, he thought, before his wolf's anger overrode all else. "You haven't answered my question." It came out a growl.
Eyes steely, she stepped closer with a slow deliberation that was pure, calculated provocation. She was a tall woman, but he was taller. That didn't seem to stop her from looking down her nose at him. "I didn't realize," she said in a voice so polite it drew blood, "that fawning over you was part of the job requirement."
"Now I know who Indigo learned her mean face from." But where his fellow lieutenant's heart beat warm and generous beneath that tough exterior, he wasn't sure Adria had any emotions that registered above zero on the thermometer.
Adria's response was scalpel sharp. "I don't know what she ever saw in you, but I suppose every woman has mistakes in her past." The slightest change in her expression, the tiniest fracture, before it was sealed up again, her face an impenetrable mask.
Scowling, Riaz was about to tell her exactly what he thought of her and her judgmental gaze when his cell phone rang. He answered without moving an inch away from the woman who was sandpaper across his temper, rubbing him raw with her mere presence. "Yeah?"
"My office," Hawke said. "Need you to head out, do a pickup."
"Be there in two." Snapping the phone shut, he closed the remaining distance between him and Adria, forcing her to tip back her head. "We will," he said, realizing those striking blue eyes with an edge of purple had streaks of gold running through them, beautiful and exotic, "continue this later."
That was when Adria's cell phone rang. "Yes?" she answered, without breaking eye-contact with the big, muscled wolf who thought he could intimidate her.
"In my office," Hawke ordered.
"On my way." Hanging up, she raised an eyebrow at Riaz in a consciously insolent action. "My alpha has requested my presence, so get out of my fucking way," she said with utmost sweetness.
Eyes of beaten gold narrowed. "Guess we'll be walking together."
Not giving an inch until he stepped back and turned to head to Hawke's office, she walked in silence beside him, though her wolf bared its teeth, hungry to draw blood, to bite and claw and mark. Damn him. Damn him. She'd been doing fine, coping after her final separation from Martin. That had been a bloody battle, too.
"You'll come crawling back to me. Maybe I'll be waiting. Maybe I won't."
Adria stifled a raw laugh. Martin didn't understand that it was over. Done. It had been over the night a year ago when he'd stormed out of their home, not to return for four months. The truly stunning thing was that he'd had the gall to be shocked when she'd told him to find someplace else to sleep and slammed the door in his face.
"Cat got your tongue?" An acerbic comment made in a deep male voice that ruffled her fur the wrong way.
"Go bite yourself," she muttered, in no mood to play games. Her skin felt too sensitive, as if she'd lost a protective layer, her blood too hot.
"Someone should bite you," Riaz responded in a near snarl. "Pull that stick out of your ass at the same time."
Adria growled just as they reached the open door to Hawke's office. The alpha looked up at their entrance, open speculation in blue eyes so pale, they were those of a wolf given human form.
However, when he spoke, his words were pragmatic. "You two free to go for a drive?"
Adria nodded, saw Riaz do the same beside her. "What do you need done?" he asked, his tone far calmer than the one he'd leveled at her.
"Mack and one of his trainee techs went up to do a routine service of the hydro station," Hawke told them, shoving back strands of hair the silver-gold of his pelt in wolf form, "but their vehicle's not starting, and they've got components that need to be brought back to the den for repairs."
"No problem," Riaz said. "I'll take one of the SUVs, pick them up."
Even as Adria was thinking the task was a one-person job, Hawke turned to her. "You're now one of the most senior people in the den." His dominance was staggering, demanding her wolf's absolute attention. "I'd like you to get reacquainted with the region, given that you haven't spent an extended period of time here since you turned eighteen."
She nodded. "I'll ask Riley and Eli to work some time into my shift schedule." It was a necessary detour from her normal duties—falling just below the lieutenants in the hierarchy, senior soldiers were often called upon to lead, and as a leader she had to know every inch of this land, not only the section she'd been assigned to during the battle. "It'd be better if I do it on foot." She'd see, scent, so much more.
"You can explore in detail later on. I want you to have a good working knowledge of the area as soon as possible." He handed her a thin plas map. "The trip up to the hydro station will take you through some critical sections—and you have certification in auto mechanics, correct?"
"Yes." It had been an interest she'd turned into the secondary qualification all soldiers were required to possess. Later, it had kept her sane, the ability to fix broken things and make them whole again. "I'll take a look at the vehicle."
"What about the replanting?" Riaz asked, his voice clawing over her skin like nails on one of those old-fashioned chalkboards the pups liked to draw on. "Felix's team have enough security?"
"They're fine." Walking to the territorial map on the stone wall of his office, Hawke tapped the large crosshatched section where the battle with Pure Psy had taken place. "Felix's volunteers and conscripts"—a sharp grin—"are planting the area with fast-growing natives, but for now, it's so open it's easy to monitor, especially with the cats sharing the watch."
Adria thought of what she'd seen on that battlefield filled with the screams of wounded SnowDancers; the cold red and hypnotic gold of a flame so hypnotic and deadly, and wondered at the cost paid by the young Psy woman who held all that power—and their alpha's heart. "What are the chances of another serious Pure Psy attack?" she asked, intrigued on the innermost level by a relationship that appeared so very unbalanced on the outside, and yet one that her wolf sensed was as solid as the stone of the den.
It was Riaz who answered. "According to Judd's sources, close to nil. They've got worse problems."
"Civil war," Hawke said, shaking his head. "If he's right, all hell is going to break loose—so we make sure we're prepared to weather any storms."
"The irritation hits?" Riaz asked, and Adria knew he was referring to the sporadic attempts to lay booby traps in den territory.
"Yeah," Hawke agreed with a scowl. "Scent trails point to the perpetrators being a number of the Pure Psy survivors who just can't let it go. They're disorganized and their traps are laughable. Still, I have all the sentries taking care not to accidentally fall into a hole. A hole for crissakes!"
Adria's wolf nodded in disgusted agreement. It really was time to retreat when you had to resort to digging holes and covering them up with leaves in the hope that SnowDancer's people wouldn't sniff them out a mile away. "They'll get tired sooner or later, but it might be an idea to make finding these traps a bit of a joke contest between the sentries."
Riaz angled his head toward her in a very wolfish way, even as Hawke's frustrated expression turned to one of interest.
"From what I've seen," she said, keeping her eyes resolutely away from the man to her right, "the amount of time they have to waste neutralizing the traps is starting to frustrate the soldiers who patrol the borders, and it's the kind of thing that can grow into anger. That's not good for our people, especially coming off the stress of the battle. But if you make it so the sentry with the most sightings gets a prize at the end of each week—"
"—it becomes a game," Riaz completed with a thoughtful nod. "That's very good."
Hands behind her back, Adria squeezed the wrist of one hand with the other to keep from snapping back that she didn't need his endorsement. The response was so far from her usual even-tempered nature that she bit down on the inside of her lip to snap herself out of it, her gaze focused straight ahead. Except the stranger who'd taken over her body couldn't simply shut up. "Thank you." Honey sweet. "I'm so glad you approve."
A growl tangled up the air currents.
"Wolves do like a game," Hawke said, his face suspiciously bland. "I think Drew's the best person to organize it—I'll get that in motion." He glanced at the time projected on the wall. "You two better head out so you can get back before dinner."
Walking out of the office with the man whose very scent—dark, of the forest, with an edgy undertone of citrus and a brush of woodsmoke—made her skin itch, she said, "We should get some food." The drive wouldn't be quick, plus Mack and his tech hadn't planned to be up there this long and would be hungry.
"Should be something in here," Riaz said, entering the senior soldiers' break room.
They worked with honed efficiency to slap together some sandwiches, and were ready to go ten minutes later. Clenching her abdominal muscles as she got into the vehicle with Riaz, Adria told herself to concentrate on the route, the geography, anything but the potent masculine scent of the man in the driver's seat . . . because she knew full well why he incited such violence in her.
Riaz drove them out of the garage and into the mountains, very aware of the arctic silence from the passenger seat. The more time he spent with Adria, the more he realized how unlike Indigo she was, in spite of the superficial similarity of their looks. One of the reasons he'd always enjoyed the other woman's company was her upfront nature—Adria, by comparison, was a closed box, with Do Not Enter signs pasted on every surface.
He understood that. Hell, he had his own "no go" zones, but with Adria, it was armor of broken glass that drew blood. "This track," he said, doing his job because, personality clash or not, he knew his responsibilities, "is the most direct route to the hydro station."
"Not according to the map Hawke gave me." A quick, penetrating glance. "So what's wrong with the other road?"
Reining in his wolf when it bared its teeth at what it read as a challenge, though the rational part of him knew he was just revved up for a fight after her earlier provocation, he said, "Sheer cliff face right in the middle." As a lieutenant who'd had her under his command on the field, he appreciated her intelligence and determination to learn—regardless of how often she used that sharp mind to slice into him with verbal claws.
Making two tight turns, he continued onward through the mountains that seemed to touch the sky. "Meant to delay any aggressors if they ever get that far."
Adria didn't say anything for several long minutes, studying the map and their passage into the mountains. "I'll need to request another senior soldier go with me on some of my exploratory trips"—her naturally husky voice low in thought—"so I don't miss things like that. I didn't have reason to memorize or even know all this as a teenager, and I'm sure security details have been changed in the meantime anyway."
"I'll take you," Riaz said, because damn it, he was a lieutenant, even when it came to a prickly piece of cactus like Adria. "Indigo made sure I was familiar with the details after I came back from my posting in Europe." He'd been away long enough for many of the subtle security precautions to have been altered. "It'll be good for me to review the knowledge."
Adria blinked, fingertips tightening on the sides of the plas map. "I appreciate it." It was the only thing she could say without giving everything away.
Riaz snorted, his hands strong and competent on the manual steering wheel as he navigated a particularly steep embankment, his bronzed arms dusted with a sprinkling of fine black hair. "About as much as you appreciate a root canal," he said, thrusting the vehicle into hover drive, "but whatever your problem with me, we have to work together."
Setting her jaw, she focused on the view beyond the window—of the most magnificent scenery on this earth. Summer had faded, fall a crisp promise in the air, but here the land was swathed in dark green, the peaks in the distance touched with white. She'd grown up on this land, and even now, after she'd been away for so long, it sang to her wolf, as it did to every SnowDancer. Den territory had a way of being home to all of them, no matter if they'd given the name to another place.
I can heal here.
It was a thought deep in her heart, one that almost managed to unknot the tension wi— "Who's that?" She jerked forward as a big tan-colored wolf raced across a verdant meadow to their left, chasing a sleek silver wolf she immediately recognized. "He's being rough with Evie." Fury boiled in her blood. "Stop the car."
Riaz's chuckle held pure male amusement, fuel to her temper. "That's Tai, and Evie won't appreciate the interruption, Aunt Adria."
Biting back her harsh response, Adria glanced at the two wolves again, saw what she'd missed at first glance. They were playing, all teeth and claws, but with no real aggression to it. Just as Riaz turned a corner, cutting off the view, the two wolves nuzzled one another and Adria realized Tai and Evie weren't playing, they were courting.
"She's too young." While Indigo was very close to Adria in age, Tarah had borne Evie later in life.
The little girl had toddled around after her older sister and Adria when they'd been in their teens, sweet natured and stubborn and beloved. Adria couldn't imagine her submissive niece was in any way ready to handle a dominant—and having met Tai, she knew he was a hell of a lot stronger and more dangerous than Evie.
"She's still a wolf," Riaz said, his deep voice a rumble that vibrated uncomfortably against her achingly tight nipples, "an adult female wolf. You might have forgotten, Ms. Frost, but touch is necessary for most of our kind."
Her hand fisted, that nerve far too close to the surface.
A year.
It had been a year since she'd shared intimate skin privileges, a rawly painful kind of isolation for a predatory changeling in the prime of her life. Even before then, things had been fragmenting for a long time, her wolf starved of affection. But she'd been handling it, handling the broken pieces inside of her, until Riaz and the raging storm of a sudden, visceral sexual attraction that gripped her in its claws and shook, until she could barely think.
"If we're throwing stones," she said, protecting herself by going on the offensive, "I'm not the only one who prefers a cold bed." Riaz was a highly eligible male—the fact he'd taken no lovers was a point of irritation with the SnowDancer women who wanted nothing better than to tussle with him.
"Maybe that's why you're such a prick."
Riaz's snarl was low, rolling over her skin with the power of his dominance. Wrenching the wheel, he brought the SUV to a stop on the side of the road. "I've had it." He pinned her with his gaze. "What the hell is your problem with me?"
Chapter 2
"Drive," she said, almost ready to crawl out of her skin with the need to rip off his T-shirt and use her teeth on all that hot, firm muscle. "Mack is waiting for us."
"He can wait a few more minutes." Eyes that were no longer in any way human slammed into hers.
"You've had a hard-on for me since you transferred to the den. I want to know why."
Gut twisting, she snapped off her safety belt and pushed open her door to step out into the cold mountain air, summer a distant memory this far up. The chill did nothing to cool the fever in her blood, the need ravaging her body, a need that threatened to make her a slave when she'd finally found freedom.
Desperate, she focused on the majesty of her surroundings in an effort to fight the tumult within, her wolf clawing at the inside of her skin in violent repudiation of her choice to back off. In front of her lay tumbled glacial rocks, huge and imposing, beyond them the rich, deep green of the firs that dominated this area. Above it all was a sky so blue it hurt.
The slam of a door, followed by the thud of boots on the earth shattered her fragile attempt at control, and then Riaz was standing in front of her. Suddenly her view was hard muscle and implacable strength, the wild, dark scent of him in her every inhalation.
"We are not leaving," he said, his skin caressed by the sunlight that gilded his hair a gleaming blue-black, "until we work this out."
Feeling trapped, suffocated, she shoved at his chest and slipped out to stand beside the car rather than with her back to it. "Don't you put all the blame on me." Fighting back was instinct, her internal composure shattered. "You've been picking at me since the day I was pulled into the den."
He growled, and the rough sound rasped over her skin, wrapped around her throat. "Self-fucking-defense. You took one look at me and decided you hated my guts. I want to know why."
Jesus, Adria thought, how had she gotten herself into this? She wasn't this woman who couldn't control her words, her thoughts. She was calm, stable, sensible, had been the levelheaded pivot for her friends when they'd all been hormone-fueled teenagers. She was the one who'd talked them down from the adrenaline-induced ledge she was now riding.
"Look," she said, making the conscious decision to wrench herself back before her frustrated wolf took control and she found herself feasting on male lips currently thin with anger, "it's nothing personal. I'm generally a bitch." According to Martin, she was one with a stone heart.
Riaz snorted. "Nice try, but I've seen you with others in the pack." He took another step toward her, invading her space and her senses, the scent of the forest serrated with a sharper edge that was pure furious wolf. "I've even seen you smile. How about you crack open one for me?" Eyes of dark gold drilled into hers.
Hell if she was going to allow him to walk all over her. "Get out of my face."
"You sure you want me to?" he asked, a dangerous angle to his jaw. "Maybe the reason you react like a hissing cat around me is because you want me even closer."
She sucked in a breath.
Riaz's eyes widened.
"As the Psy edge closer to civil war, Riaz and Adria are battered by politics, violence, and their compulsive attraction to each other…The action is also driven by past protagonists whose romances continue to develop realistically. Singh handles the division with deft style, weaving threads of her previous tales into the looming conflict without ever neglecting the budding relationship.
Perhaps more important for returning readers, she stays beautifully faithful to her own mythology, creating a truly satisfying romance and compelling action in one of her strongest episodes to date."
"As the incomparable Singh's Psy-Changeling world continues to expand, so do her novels…The fact that this multifaceted world is on the brink of war supplies the story with enormous tension as the threat of an apocalypse looms. It doesn't get any better than this!"
"Tangle of Need is a strong addition to a phenomenal series. It's engaging, surprising, sweet, and sensual all at once. I grinned, I might have even gasped, I read late into the night, and, ultimately, I finished Tangle of Need a well-satisfied reader. Bring on the next Psy-Changeling book!"
1. Slave to Sensation
1.5a "The Cannibal Princess" – free short story
1.5b "The Shower" – deleted scene
2. Visions of Heat
3. Caressed By Ice
3.5 "Miss Leozandra's" – deleted scene
4. Mine to Possess
4.5 "A Conversation" – free short story
5. Hostage to Pleasure
5.5a "A Gift for Kit" ~ free short story
5.5b "Movie Night" – free short story
6. Branded By Fire
7. Blaze of Memory
7.5. "Christmas in the Kitchen" – free short story
8. Bonds of Justice
9. Play of Passion
9.5a "Wolf School" – deleted scene
9.5b "Clean and Dirty" – free short story
10. Kiss of Snow
10.5 "Stalking Hawke" – free short story
11. Tangle of Need
12. Heart of Obsidian
13. Shield of Winter
14. Shards of Hope
15. Allegiance of Honor
16. The Psy/Changeling Trinity series (2017)
1. "Beat of Temptation" in An Enchanted Season
2. "Stroke of Enticement" in The Magical Christmas Cat
3. "Whisper of Sin" in Burning Up
4. Wild Invitation (featuring Beat of Temptation, Stroke of Enticement, Declaration of Courtship, and Texture of Intimacy)
5. "Secrets At Midnight" in Night Shift
6. Wild Embrace (2016)
Discover the exhilarating risks of passion in the breathtaking new Psy-Changeling novel by Nalini Singh, the New York Times bestselling "alpha author of paranormal romance"
Adria, wolf changeling and resilient soldier, has made a break with the past—one as unpredictable in love as it was in war. Now comes a new territory, and a devastating new complication: Riaz, a SnowDancer lieutenant already sworn to a desperate woman who belongs to another.
For Riaz, the primal attraction he feels for Adria is a staggering betrayal. For Adria, his dangerous lone-wolf appeal is beyond sexual. It consumes her. It terrifies her. It threatens to undermine everything she has built of her new life. But fighting their wild compulsion toward one another proves a losing battle.
Their coming together is an inferno…and a melding of two wounded souls who promise each other no commitment, no ties, no bonds. Only pleasure. Too late, they realize that they have more to lose than they ever imagined. Drawn into a cataclysmic Psy war that may alter the fate of the world itself, they must make a decision that might just break them both.
If you'd like to discuss Tangle of Need, follow this link to the spoiler zone.


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Glyph Hanger
Episode Information
Power Rangers Turbo
Season 5
- DVD Available from
- Amazon.com (off-site link)
- Stream on
- Amazon Video (off-site link)
- Episode #
- 215
- Written by
- Steven J. Weller
- Directed by
- Paul Schrier II
- U.S. Premiere
- Saturday, May 10, 1997
(on Fox Kids)
- Total U.S. airings(disclaimer)
- 3
(list of airings)
- Last U.S. airing(disclaimer)
- Saturday, August 2, 1997
(on Fox Kids)
- Tokusatsu footage
- Carranger # 6
- Footage analysis
- at SirStack's Morphylogeny (off-site link)
- Previous Episode
- The Whole Lie
- Next Episode
- Weight and See
- Villains
- Divatox, Elgar, Pharaoh, Piranhatrons, Porto, Rygog
- Pharaoh, a creature from ancient Egypt, had left Divatox at the altar a thousand years ago, but in real life, ancient Egypt only went up to the 300's BCE; in the year 1000, Egypt was ruled by Arabian caliphs. (02:28)
- The five teens together searched backstage at the stunt show for a detonator, without using a Turbo Navigator. (10:55)
- When Pharaoh arrived to fight them, the Rangers all fought him, eventually leaving to fight (and ultimately destroy) him with the Turbo Megazord; none of them went for the detonator which could have exploded and killed Mr. Peabody. (15:49)
- In one shot during the Megazord fight with Pharaoh at sunset, only the Blue and Green Rangers were in the cockpit. (16:34)
- After the Rangers had destroyed giant Pharaoh, Mr. Peabody was holding the pyramid-shaped detonator when the Rangers returned; why he wasn't electrocuted is uncertain. (18:36)
- Red Ranger said "way to go, Adam" to the Green Ranger while mere feet away from Mr. Peabody. (18:46)
- Johnny Yong Bosch as Adam
- Nakia Burrise as Tanya
- Blake Foster as Justin
- Jason David Frank as Tommy
- Catherine Sutherland as Kat
- Carol Hoyt as Divatox
- Gregg Bullock as Lt. Stone
- Co-Producers: Paul F. Rosenthal, Ann Knapp
- Supervising Producers: Douglas Sloan, Scott Page-Pagter
- Producer: Jonathan Tzachor
- Written by: Steven J. Weller
- Directed by: Paul Schrier II
- Executive Producers: Haim Saban, Shuki Levy
- Production Manager: Wendy Walters
- Director of Photography: Ilan Rosenberg
- Production Designer: Yuda Ako
- 1st Assistant Directors: Larry Kent Litton, Stephen Harrison
- 2nd Assistant Director: Cy Roscoe
- 2nd Unit Director: Makoto Yokoyama
- 2nd Unit Director of Photography: Sean McLin
- 2nd Unit 1st Assistant Director: Chris Auer
- Stunt Choreography: Alpha Stunts
- Special Effects: John Bordeaux
- Art Director: Steven R. Miller
- Assistant Art Director: Eric V. Clemons
- Prop Master: Mark Richardson
- Set Decorator: Julie Bolder
- Costume Designer: Danielle Baker
- Make-up & Hair Supervisor: Cynthia Laws
- Script Supervisor: Janee Hull-Page
- 2nd Unit Script Supervisor: Jody Blose
- Gaffer/Key Grip: Dennis Bishop
- 1st Assistant Camera: David Dechant
- Sound Mixer: Chuck Buch, C.A.S.
- Production Coordinator: Leslie Silvey
- Assistant Production Coordinator: Shawn Tarkington
- Live Action/Development Coordinator: Ann Marie Joe
- Assistant Story Editor: Jackie Marchand
- Production Accountants: Brett Born, Susan Foster
- Casting: Julie Ashton, Alix Sloan
- Extras Casting: P.B.A. Casting
- Assistants to the Producers: M. Faith Brooks, Jennifer Cadenhead, Sage Ferguson, Nancy Kennedy, Suzi Shimoyama
- Donene Kistler as Alpha 6
- Danny Wayne Stallcup as Elgar
- Ed Neil as Rygog
- Katherina Luciani as the voice of Alpha 6
- Paul Schrier as the voice of Bulk
- David Umansky as the voice of Elgar
- Scott Page-Pagter as the voice of Porto
- Alexis Lang as the voice of Rygog
- Jason Narvy as the voice of Skull
- Music by: Shuki Levy, Kussa Mahchi
- Executive in Charge of Music: Ron Kenan
- Music Producers: Kenneth Burgomaster, Jim Cushinery, Paul Gordon, Jeremy Sweet, Inon Zur
- Music Supervisor: David Ari Leon
- Music Editors: Drew DeAscentis, Elizabeth Magro
- Music Engineer: Barron Abramovitch
- 2nd Music Engineers: Jim DiJulio, Tim Gosselin
- Music Assistants: Tifany Christun, John Sperger
- Executive in Charge of Sound Operations: Clive H. Mizumoto
- Sound Supervisor: Doug Latislaw
- Re-Recording Mixers: Ed Suski, Tim Harsh
- Dialogue and Effects Editors: Charlene Banta, Stephen Clark, Andy King
- ADR Director: David Walsh
- ADR Coordinator: Karen Carter
- ADR Recordist: Anne Britt Makebakken
- 2nd ADR Engineer: Michael McCarty
- ADR Writer: Terri Hughes
- Visual Effects Director: Michael Puliatch
- Visual Effects Coordinator: Grant Monk
- Developed from "CAR RANGERS" by: Toei Company, Ltd.
- Some SFX Sequences by: Junichi Yajima
- Original Concepts by: Saburo Yatsude
- Executive in Charge of Post Production: Eric S. Rollman
- Post Production Coordinator: Allen Gentempo
- Editor: Richard Bracken
- Additional Editing: Billy DiCicco
- Assistant Editor: Joe Rockom
- Post Production Associate: Nick Dadon
- Post Production: Modern Videofilm
- Lab Services: Foto-Kem Industries
- Camera Package: Keslow Camera
- Grip/Lighting Equipment: Cinemobile
- Chimps Provided by: Critters of the Cinema
- Health Equipment Provided by: Health-O-Meter, Slush Puppie, Bunn Corp., U.S. Sports Equipment
- Environmental Consultation: Environment Media Association
This motion picture is protected under laws of the United States and other countries. Unauthorized duplication, distribution or exhibition may result in civil liability and criminal prosecution.
©1997 Saban Entertainment, Inc. and Saban International N.V. All Rights Reserved. Saban Entertainment, Inc. and Saban International N.V. are the authors of this motion picture for purposes of the Berne Convention. Country of First Publication: United States of America.
The characters and events depicted in this photoplay are fictitious. Any similarity to actual persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental and unintentional.
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Plastic storage products have a leg up in today's tough market conditions, as consumers express strong interest in home cooking and home organization. But to come up with new and marketable ideas for a household item as simple as a plastic box is no easy task.
How much potential does a plastic container or tote, bin, drawer, chest, tub, basket, etc. offer? How creative or innovative can manufacturers get? What design factors are in play, besides clarity, color, stackability, modularity, durability, material safety, airtightness and functionality?
There's a lot to get excited about in the design aspect, Allin Russell said at the recent International Housewares Show in Chicago. It continues. We are learning and discovering all the time. Russell is marketing director and lead designer for injection molder Sistema Plastics Ltd. of Auckland, New Zealand.
Coming from a fashion-design background, Russell currently oversees development of Sistema's Klip It food containers and lunchboxes, with the help of a technical designer and two graphic artists. Little design details and twists really count, he said. Examples include easy-to-open clips on airtight lids, lids that stay in place when pouring and dual storage.
It's extremely comfort-driven in tough times, said Peter Goldman, president of the home section of research company NPD Group Inc. of Port Washington, N.Y.
Yaffa Licari, president of Perth Amboy, N.J.-based Basic Line Inc., develops advancements in details. The 36-year-old company introduced a patent-pending, under-the-bed storage container called Train. Licari designed tiny hooks on two sides of the container body that allow the containers to be connected to each other, making it easier to pull boxes from under the bed.
Basic Line, which uses Yaffa as a trade name, offers its C-Thru storage item, made out of polypropylene with a clear look. We use 30 percent less resin but still keep the product nice and rigid, Licari said. The company's in-house molding facility has 20 presses.
Material reduction usually enables a manufacturer to offer competitive prices. Licari said Yaffa's less-expensive totes last five years, while a leading-brand tote usually lasts 10-15 years. For consumers in saving mode, price often determines their buying decisions.
Another example of a small change making a big difference is the Yaffa Blocks. The company has sold 24 million units of the drawer systems in the past 20 years. Last year, Licari increased storage capacity by adding a little curve to the drawer face.
Snapware CEO Craig Allen put it this way: You take the same platform and be flexible. It lends itself to application-specific opportunities. It's hard to say where it ends, but as long as you have creative people, they'll come up with new products. The company launched its new airtight, double-seal pantry series in response to the consumer trend of buying dry food in bulk.
The airtight feature has gone beyond food storage. Sterilite Corp.'s new Quart Gasket Box is designed to store and protect documents. The clear box resists moisture, with gaskets and tight-clasping latches.
Iris USA Inc. has incorporated versatility into its products. Its drop-front boxes come in two sizes and can be used to store shoes or home office items. They are also designed to fit student lockers. To appeal to even younger children, the company has launched Disney- and Lego-themed storage series.
Japanese firm Like It Co. Ltd. stood out at the show with a uniquely styled storage product. Two plastic items were named honorees of the International Housewares Associations' 2009 Design Defined product design reorganization. The Poo Pot diaper pail features a smart disposal and removal system as well as a deodorizing function. The PP Poo Care Basket can be hung on the side of the crib and features multiple compartments, a tissue dispenser and a handle designed to make it easy to carry.
Japanese people use space wisely, said export assistant Atsuko Sawa, And it is appreciated by U.S. consumers. The Katsuragi, Japan-based company has opened a showroom in New York and a warehouse in Brooklyn.
But it doesn't always work out when East meets West. Daewood Tech Co. Ltd. of Seongnam, South Korea, said its nanosilver food container which claims sterilizing power by blending small particles of silver into PP resin sells well in Asia and the Middle East, but is less understood or appreciated in the U.S.
Tritan containers?
In response to consumers' growing concern about bisphenol A, a leading U.S. company is in the process of commercializing food containers made of Tritan copolyester, according to anonymous sources at the show. Tritan producer Eastman Chemical Co. of Kingsport, Tenn., declined to comment on the rumor or disclose client information.
Snapware said it is testing Tritan and several other materials at the moment. The company is not actively promoting polycarbonate containers, Allen said. It has also launched a line of glass containers.
A Chinese manufacturer also is testing the Tritan material. Mates International Trading Co. Ltd. of Ningbo supplies the U.S. market with freshvac-brand food containers, which feature a patented vacuum-seal lid.
The containers currently made with PP and PC are sold by specialty and online retailers. Mates General Manager Meng Chun said cost is the roadblock. The price is too high right now, he said. The quote we got was twice the price of PC.


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Toyota Safety Sense™is a bundle of active safety features standard on many Toyota vehicles. These innovative features are designed to help protect you and your passengers from harm as well as help offer peace of mind to your drive.
Toyota New Car Inventory with TSS safety features are now available at Greenway Toyota of the Shoals conveniently located in Tuscumbia. Our trained sales staff at Greenway Toyota of the Shoals can answer any questions you may have regarding TSS and the features specific to your Toyota of interest.
For more information on TSS, please visit www.Toyota.com/TSS


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This is the beetiful collection of pre-designed (premade) romance book covers currently on sale. This category includes Chick Lit, Historical Romance, Western Romance, Space Romance and Erotica book covers.
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Eric Jaffe Feb 24, 2012
The "fundamental law of road congestion" tells us that building roads creates traffic. There's such a latent demand for space on the highway that no sooner does it appear than it's filled. But whether or not a similar law applies to bike paths and bike lanes remains a mystery.
A recent study of Seattle residents found that those living near bike paths had an increased likelihood of riding, but saw no effect for bike lanes. Then again, a study in Minneapolis reached the opposite conclusion. Some recent work has found no connection between bike lanes and ridership levels at all. In short, the research picture is far from settled.
A new study published in the March 2012 issue of the journal Transportation attempts to clarify the confusion. Ralph Buehler of Virginia Tech and John Pucher of Rutgers analyzed a new batch of 2008 data on bike lanes (that is, on-road routes) and bike paths (off-road ones) in 90 of the largest cities in America. Even after controlling for a number of factors — including land use, climate, socioeconomic status, gas prices, public transport and bike safety — they still get a clear result: "cities with a greater supply of bike paths and lanes have significantly higher bike commute rates." They continue:
Buehler and Pucher report that bike commuting in cities with the most bike lanes per 100,000 residents was three to four times higher than in cities with the fewest, and twice as high in cities with the most bike paths. They also found three to four times more bike commuting in cities with the most combined path and lane mileage compared to those with the least.
In other words, when the opportunity is there — whether on an off-street beaten path or a freshly painted road lane — city residents ride their bikes more often. That isn't causation, of course, but it is "consistent with the hypothesis that bike lanes and paths encourage cycling," the researchers conclude.
So that debate's settled, right? Well, sort of. A more localized study in Stafford, England, scheduled for publication in Transport Policy, complicates the situation.
Tim Jones of Oxford Brookes University examined the National Cycle Network - a 13,000-mile system of paths and lanes established by Sustrans that claims to be within a mile's reach of half the British population. While the system exists both on and off roadways, it's the traffic-free paths in urban areas separated from motor cars that are the most popular, carrying two thirds of all the network's bike trips.
The idea for building traffic-free paths is to wean people in cities back on bikes through recreational riding, so that in time they become full-fledged bike commuters. The first part of this effort has been a success. While the route length of urban, traffic-free paths grew roughly 98 percent between 2000 and 2005, usage rose about 135 percent:
But the conversion to bike commuting didn't quite take. As a point of comparison, Jones studied two suburban Stafford neighborhoods, Beaconside and Rickerscote, that are similar in most respects except one: Beaconside residents have easy access to a network traffic-free path that leads 2 miles into central Stafford, and Rickerscote residents don't.
As expected, Jones found that levels of bike commuting were higher in Beaconside (6 percent) than in Rickerscote (2 percent). But those figures were at or below levels from the 2001 Census: 7 and 2 percent, respectively. So bike commuting hadn't changed much in Beaconside since the traffic-free path was finished in late 2005. If anything it might have gone down.
In sum, traffic-free paths connecting suburbs and cities "would appear to be insufficient in encouraging a shift from car travel to cycling for everyday practical journeys," Jones concludes. The important lesson for policy makers is that bike paths and bike lanes may both increase ridership, but in different ways. While the former may encourage recreational riding, that doesn't necessarily translate into everyday cycling.
To do that, writes Jones, probably requires a "broader, multi-faceted approach":
On the face of things, the studies only seem to confuse the matter. Buehler and Pucher found a connection between bike paths and bike commuting, while Jones did not. On closer inspection they aren't as far off as they seem. The point here is not for all bike research to align precisely; British towns and American cities are different, after all, and single-city and multi-city analyses have different aims.
Rather, with each study of this kind that's completed, it seems more clear that in many cities, for many different purposes, there does appear to be some fundamental demand for sustainable transportation just waiting for a share of the urban landscape. In some places, tapping that potential just means adding a bike path. In others, it may take a bit more.
Photo credit: Kai Pfaffenbach/Reuters
Keywords: Minneapolis, Seattle, England, Bike Commuting, path, lane
Sustainability.org.il > תחבורת אופניים >


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The search for peace in the Middle East dates back to the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, a war following the invasion of the Jewish state by Arab countries, and the subsequent displacement of many Palestinian Arabs. The breakthrough for peace came in 1993 when Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat agreed to a framework for Palestinian autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza in the Oslo accords.
After Rabin's assassination in 1995, the peace process faltered. Relations between Israelis and Palestinians turned sour as Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's slowed down diplomatic momentum after Oslo largely because of security concerns. His successor, Prime Minister Ehud Barak, swiftly improved relations with the Palestinians after his recent election and promised to speed the peace process toward a final agreement by September 2000.
Follow the links below for an overview of the peace process since the Oslo accords.
Individuals involved in the recent Israeli-Palestinian conflicts
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If you're looking for something that has an even blend of sophistication and playfulness, you've come to the right place. Our Bollywood salwar kameez collection is colorful, perky, and satisfying to the eye. Get ready for the silver screen feel, as the couture in this specific selection is inspired by some of the latest fashions seen on film and television.
At FashionWebz, each suit is designed to accentuate all of the qualities that reflect your individuality. You'll find that our Bollywood anarkali suits attractions uphold this principle by giving you regal choices in hues and styles that also fit your budget. Take your pick between an ensemble in a solid color with a pleated bottom and exquisite beadwork or attire with stunning floral work with unique border trim that'll make you feel as good as you look. These are just some of the elegant examples from this stunning collection.
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20 best Facebook apps
Extend Facebook with fun and useful tools and games
There's a whole lot more to Facebook than poking people, sharing your status and commenting on photos.
Applications make Facebook into a wider social site where you can play games, enjoy common interests, and share gifts.
Most applications are provided by third parties who have developed them according to Facebook's guidelines. As with applications that you run on your computer, you need to ensure that they're trustworthy before giving them access to your information.
You can find new apps to install in the Application Directory. You'll find Facebook recommendations, plus information on which of your friends use each application. Use the search bar to look for apps by name, or browse through the categories in the left-hand column.
You may also receive invitations from friends to start using particular applications, but check them out before accepting by visiting the app's profile page. Applications have profile pages similar to your own, which give information about the application and show other users' reviews. Select the app from the Directory to see its profile, and go to the Info tab to read the information provided by the developer.
If you also want to find out what other users think about this application, click the Reviews tab. If you're happy with what you see, return to the application's wall and click "Go to Application". Click Allow, to permit the application to access your data, and it will now appear in your list of applications on your profile. Select the application to go to it.
Bookmark your favourites
You can add as many apps as you like, although not all will appear on your profile page. If you want to ensure an application appears in the left-hand column simply bookmark it – in the top right-hand corner of the page, click Account > Application Settings. Pick the app to bookmark in the list and choose Edit Settings. Click the bookmark tab and select bookmark.
If you subsequently decide you don't want to continue using an application, you can remove it. Go to the Account drop-down menu in the top-right of the page and choose Application Settings. Find the application that you want to remove and click the X to its right, then click OK to confirm it.
You can also make a dedicated tab for a particular application if you like it, by clicking the + icon to the right of your existing tabs on your profile. Select the application you want to add from the list, or search for more options.
1. Lexulous
Lexulous is a fun word game that follows very similar rules to Scrabble. You can play against friends or challenge random strangers to beat your word power. You're given seven random letters and you need to create words that fit into the growing grid.
Click and drag the letters from your hand onto the board, and you'll score more for double and triple letter or word scores. It's currently one of the best-loved applications on Facebook and can be a huge time-sink because it's so addictive.
2. Picnik
Given Facebook's aptitude for sharing photos with friends, it makes sense to also have a photo-editing tool available on hand for quick image fixes. Picnik provides you with access to its online photo-editing directly within Facebook.
You can crop, rotate, resize and colour-balance your photos, or remove red-eye. It's ideal to use on pictures that you've emailed in or sent from a mobile, where you wouldn't normally have editing features. Picnik also enables you to browse and edit any photo you're tagged in.
3. Flixster
Flixster is designed for movie-lovers to discuss films they've seen with Facebook friends and fellow cinema-goers. The application helps you keep up with the latest releases in cinemas and on DVD, and you can rate the movies you've already seen.
Plus you can flag films you want to see, so you can arrange to watch them with other friends using the application. Flixster also includes thousands of movie trivia quizzes that you can complete, and challenge friends to beat your score.
4. Trip Advisor: Cities I've visited
Share your travel experiences with your friends and help them decide where to go and what to do when they venture out in the world with TripAdvisor.
There's an element of travel-boasting involved, where you mark which cities on a map of the world that you've visited, but you can also note those that you know well enough to advise others on. More importantly, you can fl ag places that you'd like to visit, and benefit from the wisdom and experience of your other friends who've already been there.
5. Where I've Been
Similar to Trip Advisor's application, Where I've Been extends beyond the list of your frequently visited cities and enables you to note down everywhere you've been in the world.
You can post reviews of places for the benefit of the whole community, or become an expert on a particular place if you'd like to advise others. Where I've Been comes well-tipped by members of the travel industry, and so it goes beyond simply flaunting your travel experience to become a research tool in itself.
6. Twitter
Link your Twitter account to your Facebook profile and get two social networks for the price of one. You can use the Twitter app to find and follow those of your Facebook friends that also use Twitter. You can also set the application to automatically post your tweets to update your Facebook status.
It will ignore @replies and direct messages, however, to prevent your status getting clogged up with Twitter conversations. Use the application to encourage Facebook friends to find and follow you on Twitter.
7. PuzzleBee
PuzzleBee suits jigsaw lovers everywhere. Use it to create new jigsaws from your own Facebook photos, or compete against other users to finish the "jigsaw of the day" puzzle in the shortest time.
Unlike other online puzzles, you can rotate pieces as well as move them around, and you can change the number of pieces in each puzzle to alter the level of difficulty. As you complete different puzzles you move up the hierarchy, in a quest to progress from Baby Bee to Queen PuzzleBee.
8. DivShare
The DivShare application links your Facebook account to its online storage service, so you can use it to share documents, photos, music and videos with your friends. It enables you to link your files with your profile, or post them on friends' walls.
You can even share them in your news feed. Files can be up to 200MB in size and you can have unlimited storage space on the DivShare servers. You can host anything that meets the terms of service for free, as long as your account lasts, and you don't have to register.
9. Web Sudoku
Web Sudoku provides you with a new Sudoku puzzle to play within Facebook every day. Enter numbers one to nine in the blank squares, without repeating any in a row, column or block.
The puzzles come from Web Sudoku, which is the most popular Sudoku site on the internet. You can change the level of difficulty as you improve – puzzles come in easy, medium, hard or evil levels. When you complete a puzzle you can compare your time with your friends, or see how you rank against all Web Sudoku players.
10. Market Place
Why sell your second-hand items to strangers using eBay? Instead you can advertise them to people who you know and trust within your group of Facebook friends, using Market Place.
You can use it to advertise stuff you want to give away for free, or set up a classified-style listing for items that are worth money. You can also use it to find articles for sale within a specified distance of your location, and sift through listings to find tickets to events, housing, cars and even jobs advertised.
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Zhaveri Bazaar First: An Open Letter To Shri Prithviraj Chavan, CM Of Maharashtra – OpEd
By B. Raman
Permit me to compliment you on your interview to Ms.Barkha Dutt, Group Editor, ND TV, telecast on July 15,2011, on the terrorist attacks in Mumbai on July 13. Like me, thousands of viewers of the interview would have been impressed by the frankness and clarity with which you spoke and by your determination to see that the right lessons are drawn and implemented to prevent a repeat of similar attacks.
2.After the Mumbai blasts of 26/11, I wrote as follows on the London blasts of July 2005: " 243 posts of Counter-Terrorism Security Advisers have been created since July 2005 and it has been reported that each important police station in London has at least two advisers attached to it. The London Police have established a programme called "London First" in which the Police and the private sector co-operate closely to ensure better security in London. The principle underlying it is that it is the joint responsibility of every one in London to ensure its security from terrorist attacks. Let us have our own Delhi First, Mumbai First, Chennai First, Kolkata First, Bangalore First and Hyderabad First partnerships to ensure that November 26 will not be repeated again."
3. Before the London blasts, the conventional wisdom was that an effective way of dealing with terrorism was through a good beat system. Our success in dealing with Khalistani terrorism in Punjab was due to the commendable role of the Punjab Police, ably headed by Shri K.P.S.Gill, the then Directror-General of the Punjab Police. He believed that the police should be the weapon of first resort against terrorism. He made it clear to his Station House Officers that he would hold them responsible for the successful prevention and investigation of terrorism.
4. On August 17,2006,, Mr.Gill had an interaction with a group of retired police officers living in Chennai. I happened to be present. He expressed his disquiet over the mushrooming of specialised counter-terrorism organisations which could create a wrong impression in the minds of the police officers that counter-terrorism is not their primary responsibility. A note recorded by me on the interaction is available at http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers20%5Cpaper1919.html
5. After the London blasts of July 2005, there has been fresh thinking on the role of the police. While its role is still considered important and primary and there is still emphasis on the need for revamping the beat system, it is now admitted that the police alone will not be able to deal effectively with modern terrorism sponsored by another state and with international links unless it has the benefit of expertise from specialists and assistance from specialised units. Moreover, the security forces alone will not be able to deal with terrorism unless they receive the co-operation of the general public and the private sector, which is increasingly concerned over the spread of terrorism to urban centres of economic power. It was to meet these additional requirements that the London Police created the posts of Counter-Terrorism Security Advisers attached to police stations in vulnerable areas.
6. I was given to understand that a scheme for ensuring better security for Mumbai through the co-operation of the police and the private sector was started after 26/11, but I do not know how well it has been working. A special task force on counter-terrorism set up by the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) of New Delhi—of which Shri Ved Marwah, former Commissioner of Police, Delhi, Shri A.K.Doval, former Director, Intelligence Bureau, Lt.Gen.Satish Nambiar, who was a member of the high-power panel on terrorism set up by Mr. Kofi Annan, the then UN Secretary-General, and I were amongst the members— came out with a comprehensive set of recommendations in November 2009, which were presented to Shri P.Chidambaram, the Home Minister. One of the objectives of this Task Force was to examine how to prevent another 26/11 and better ensure the security of the metro cities.
7. The serial blasts of July 13, 2011, in three sensitive areas of Mumbai would indicate that despite the measures taken by the Government after 26/11 to strengthen the security of Mumbai on its own as well as on the recommendations of others such as the Task Force set up by the FICCI, the terrorists continue to locate loopholes in the security structure of Mumbai and take advantage of them to carry out terrorist attacks.
8.The 13/7 attacks show that either the pre-26/11 cells of terrorist organisations, which had remained dormant, had been re-activated or new organisations or groups have come up with their own cells without being detected by the Intelligence Agencies and the State Police. We are not yet in a position to provide effective security to the people of Mumbai who have been attacked five times —in 1993, 2003,2006,2008 and 2011. The people living or working in the Zhaveri Bazaar area, an important jewellery and diamond business area, have been targeted thrice—in 1993, 2003 and 2011.
9. None of the intelligence collection and physical security measures taken by us after every major terrorist strike in Mumbai since 1993 has been able to provide effective security to the people of Mumbai in general and of Zhaveri Bazaar in particular. Every successful terrorist strike speaks of loopholes in the intelligence and security cover provided to Mumbai. Otherwise, the terrorists would not have succeeded.
10. Unless we are able to identify and plug these loopholes after a comprehensive enquiry, the terrorists will continue to take advantage of them. There is a need for a comprehensive look at the intelligence and security cover provided to Mumbai in general and to some of its highly vulnerable areas such as Zhaveri Bazaar in particular. We will be badly letting down the people of the Zhaveri Bazaar area if we let them be targeted for a fourth time by the terrorists.
11. It is important to undertake urgently a vulnerability assessment of Mumbai and its sensitive areas in order to provide a scheme for a vulnerability-specific intelligent-cum-security cover. Let us make Zhaveri Bazaar the epi-centre of our counter-terrorism efforts. Let us work out, in co-operation with the public and the private business sector, a Mumbai First and Zhaveri Bazaar First intelligence-cum-security cover and implement it vigorously.
12. The plan should look at the adequacy of the existing police stations for a counter-terrorism role, the effectiveness of the existing beat and patrolling systems, the adequacy of the existing communication network, the need for counter-terrorism expertise to assist the police, the role of the public and the private sector and other related subjects.
13. We should start this exercise today. Tomorrow may be late.
With warm regards,
Yours sincerely,
B.Raman, Chennai. Additional Secretary (retd), Cabinet Secretariat, Govt. of India, New Delhi


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A 9NEWS project to make sure what you've heard is true, accurate, verified. Want us to verify something for you? Email firstname.lastname@example.com
The viral video of security personnel removing a man from a United Flight got us wondering about the practice known as involuntary bumping.
It happens to about one in 14,000 passengers, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. So, we wanted to learn more about how it works and what you're legally entitled to if it happens to you.
For answers we turned to the Department of Transportation and major U.S. airlines.
What is involuntary bumping?
It's when an airline oversells a flight and can't find enough people to willing to give up their seats.
Airlines overbook because they want a full plane and expect some people will cancel or change their plans at the last minute.
They use modeling and forecasting techniques to predict how many people will be "no shows," but sometimes they get it wrong, according to Delta's website.
Does the airline have to ask for volunteers first?
Yes. And most of the time this system of asking for volunteers works.
In 2013, DOT reported eight times as many flyers voluntarily gave up their seats while 0.92 percent of passengers were involuntarily bumped.
What do I get if I'm bumped against my will?
Simply put, you get paid.
DOT has a set amount that each person gets depending on how much later you arrive at your destination.
- Less than one hour means you aren't entitled to any money.
- One to two hours on domestic flights gets you 200 percent the cost of your ticket up to $675.
- Two or more hours on domestic flights gets you 400 percent the cost of your ticket up to $1350.
- One to four hours on international flights gets you 200 percent the cost of your ticket up to $675.
- Four hours or more on international flights gets you 400 percent the cost of your ticket up to $1350.
- Passengers using frequent flyer award tickets get cash based on the lowest amount someone paid for that flight.
You can also request a full refund of your ticket, including any fees you paid for seat selection or to check your bags. Most airlines will also pay for your hotel if you have to wait until the next day to fly.
How do airlines pick who gets involuntarily bumped?
Each carrier has its own rules for determining who draws the short straw when a flight is oversold and it can't get enough volunteers.
This information is often found in the contract of carriage, which is the agreement you enter into with an airline each time you buy a ticket.
Southwest takes a first come, first served approach. The last person to get a boarding position is the first person bumped, according to its contract of carriage.
Frontier's contract states, "If insufficient passengers volunteer, passengers who check in after all seats have been assigned will be denied boarding and Frontier will provide transportation on Frontier's flights to the same destination."
Delta's contract gives priority to first-class passengers, frequent flyers, unaccompanied minors, passengers with disabilities and military members on travel orders. After that, passengers with boarding passes get priority over those without.
United's policy is similar to Delta's.
People with disabilities and unaccompanied minors "will be the last to be involuntarily denied boarding if it is determined by UA that such denial would constitute a hardship."
Then, United looks at the price you paid for the ticket, whether you're a frequent flyer and what time you checked in for the flight.
Basically, it pays to join the airlines frequent flyer program and check in for your flight early.
What if the airline doesn't offer me the compensation?
The airline would be breaking DOT's rules and can be sued.
It happened to Delta in 2012.
DOT fined Delta $750,000 after it caught the airline bumping passengers without asking for volunteers and not informing those people of their rights to compensation.
Delta was also caught recording passengers it bumped involuntarily as having volunteered to give up their seats.
DOT also fined Southwest in 2010 for failing to pay passengers it bumped.
Why isn't overbooking illegal?
Overbooking is legal because it presumably brings down the cost of your ticket by ensuring airlines aren't flying planes with empty seats.
It's similar to how a gym sells more memberships than its facility can accommodate because it expects people not to use their membership.
"In fact, the majority of overbooked flights depart with empty seats because the formula we use to derive our booking levels is carefully applied and quite conservative," according to Southwest's website.
RELATED - USATODAY.com: United Airlines had a right to remove that flier. But should it have?
Are there exceptions to these federal rules?
The federal bumping rules don't apply to charter flights or commercial flights with less than 30 seats. It also doesn't apply to flights on foreign carriers entering the U.S. However, the country you're flying from might have its own rules regarding involuntary bumping.


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Medical Degree
All patient satisfaction surveys are submitted by verified patients and families of Arkansas Children's. The star rating is an average of all responses to the provider-related questions by an independent patient satisfaction company. Responses are measured on a scale of 1 to 5 with 5 being the best score. The comments listed reflect the positive experiences submitted by patients and families through the survey process. The comments are not endorsed by and do not necessarily reflect the views or Arkansas Children's.
Find the locations of Arkansas Children's emergency departments in Little Rock and Springdale, and read answers to frequently asked questions about your child's care in the ER.
The nationally recognized Level 1 Trauma Center at Arkansas Children's in Little Rock, Arkansas is the only Pediatric Level 1 Trauma Center in the state of Arkansas.
Learn how the pediatric emergency departments at Arkansas Children's Northwest and Arkansas Children's Hospital offer expert kid-sized care.
Is it safe to go to the ER right now? Is the waiting room going to be busy and full of people who might be really sick? Read about how this mom took it one step at a time.
Dr. Gresham Richter shares a message for for parents and guardians when it comes to keeping kids safe around button batteries.
Arkansas Children's Northwest emergency department offers specialized care for children.
What to expect at Arkansas Children's Hospital Emergency Department
The Arkansas Children's Hospital Emergency Department is the 2019 recipient of the Drs. Joanna J. and Robert W. Seibert Award, given to a physician, clinical service, section or unit displaying outstanding teamwork.
Tummy troubles are common in kids. It's when other symptoms like vomiting or diarrhea happen that parents might get worried. Check out these quick tips for handling stomaches from our friends in the Emergency Department.
The ACNW ER is the first pediatric emergency room in Northwest Arkansas with 30 emergency exam rooms to take care of your child when life happens.


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London – Paul McCartney has confirmed an Olympic-sized rumor, saying he'll be the closing act at the London 2012 opening ceremony.
Earlier this year the former Beatle disclosed that he was in talks to play a role in the celebrations. On Monday, he confirmed: "I've been booked."
He told BBC radio station 5 Live that he would be "closing the opening" of the games. The lineup for the ceremony, overseen by "Slumdog Millionaire" director Danny Boyle and themed "Isles of Wonder," is a closely guarded secret, but many had suspected McCartney would be involved.
The Olympic Games take place July 27 to August 12.


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Apple announced iOS 5 today with 200 new features for your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. Grab a coffee and settle into your favorite reading chair as we're going to take a closer look at some of these changes.
Honestly, the notifications in iOS 4 and earlier were barely adequate. They were nothing more than a big box that flashed on your screen and interrupted whatever you were doing. And the badges, well, they told you the numbers of items you missed, but nothing else.
The new notification system in iOS 5 is a major improvement. The best thing Apple did was create a centralized notification center within the Settings. This one section lets you customize the notifications for each app. You can toggle notifications on and off, select how many alert messages you want to display and even choose to have the notifications appear on your lock screen so you don't miss a beat.
There are also several notification styles that can be set on an app-by-app basis. These include badges, the standard box alerts and banners which is the new option. Banners appear at the top of your screen and can show up to 15 recent items. They give you a quick look at what the alert is about and let you decide if it's worth your time to respond. Unfortunately, you have to be quick as the banner only appears for 20-30 seconds. If you miss it, you have to rely on the good ol' badges to see what you missed.
As an alternative to badges, Apple also included a new pull-down window shade which covers your homescreen and shows all your active alerts. You can select this collapsible tray from any application which is a nice touch. The tray will be very familiar to Android users as their notification system works in a similar way.
All the tray alerts can be organized by app or by time. You can tap an alert and it will open the email, redial the missed number and so on. An "X" button will let you clear the alerts for each application. When you combine the collapsible tray with the banner and the lock screen notification, you have the foundation for a decent notification system.
Another popular feature added into iOS 5 is Twitter. You can add your Twitter credentials into the Settings and tweet directly from Apple's native applications like Safari or photos. The tweet option is found under the sharing panel that you use to send an item via email or messaging. Once you select "Tweet", a text box appears with a room to compose your short message and a preview of the item that you are tweeting. You can easily add your location by clicking on the navigation icon. Once you fill in your 140 characters, you can hit send and broadcast your message to all your followers.
Camera and Photo
The Camera app received a lot of love from Apple in iOS 5. The app included a grid to help you line up your shot and pinch-to-zoom so you can focus on an area very easily. One huge improvement is the use of the volume up button to take a picture. It's so natural to hold you phone sideways and snap away using the volume up instead of the on-screen camera button. You can also lock the focus and the exposure by tapping and holding on the camera's display before you snap your shot. If you need to take a quick shot and you phone is locked, you can call up a camera shortcut by double-tapping on the home button. Very cool.
Once you are done snapping your prize-winning photos, you can hop over to the Photos app and begin to edit away. You select a photo from your camera roll and there is an edit button right at the top right. It's not Photoshop that's for sure but you can crop, auto-enhance, rotate and remove red-eye from a photo. In the beta version of iOS 5, you need to close out of the Camera app and open Photos to do any editing. It would be a lot easier if you could edit directly from the camera app. This annoyance may be glitch that Apple fixes in the final release version.
Reminders is one of the new iOS apps that steps on the toes of iOS developers. There are a lot of reminder-type apps in the App Store that are now obsolete because Apple decided to offer this feature natively in iOS 5. The Reminders app does exactly what it says - it lets you add reminders for important tasks or events. You can add a reminder by tapping the + button and filling in the title, due date and priority. You can also choose to have the app alert you using time and/or location. This location tracking is an excellent idea. You can drive by the Post Office and the app will remind you to pick up your mail.
You can organize reminders by assigning them to lists that you create. You can have a reminder list for work, home and kids. You can display the reminders by list or by due date. The app even keeps track of completed reminders so you can look back at your accomplishments. Similar to the other iOS applications, alerts appear in the banner and the drop-down tray.
Safari Mobile Reader and Tabs
Safari Mobile was updated to include full tabbed browsing, a feature that makes reading on the iPad so much easier. Just like the desktop version of Safari, the iPad version displays all your open pages in tabs. Say good-bye to clicking the page icon and selecting from an ugly grid of open web pages. You can move easily from tab to tab and even drag the tabs around to rearrange them. The number that you can display at one time is limited to nine which is ample for a tablet-based browser.
Apple also added a new Instapaper-like feature that gives you a pristine preview of an article. The browser will detect when you are browsing an article and strip out all the distracting ads and side bars. The pop-up window will display a clean copy that is very easy to read.
Wireless Sync, Mail App, Newsstand
These remaining features are not fully fleshed out in this beta release of iOS 5. The Newsstand app sits on the homescreen, can't be put in a folder and launches to an empty bookshelf with a note reminding you to add a magazine subscription. That's great but the link to the Store to get a subscription is grayed out. The wireless sync was also not working as of the writing of this post.


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Mary Ouellette, SheWillShootYou.com / Ethan Miller, Getty Images Lacuna Coil have enjoyed a solid year touring behind their ' Dark Adrenaline ' album and it looks as though 2013 will start off on a high note, as well. The band has just announced a February run with Sevendust that will keep them in the U.S. for the entire month. Lacuna Coil have been spreading the sounds of 'Dark Adrenaline' around the world this past year and is eager to continue their support back in America. The trek launches Feb. 2 in Winston-Salem, N.C. and continues through the Feb. 23 finale in Cedar Falls, Iowa. Tickets for the tour go on sale this Friday (Nov. 30). To help fans stay in the loop with the Italian rockers, the band launched their own social network-fan community with the help of Mobile Backstage back in October right as they were starting their 'Dark Legacy' tour of Europe. The app has been available through the band's website, Facebook page and for iPhone and Android. As for Sevendust, the band just announced a March 26 release for their ninth studio album, ' Black Out the Sun .' The band will issue their lead single 'Decay' on Jan. 22, giving it enough time to catch hold at radio before the tour launches. Lacuna Coil/ Sevendust 2013 Winter Tour 2/2 — Winston-Salem, N.C. — Ziggy's 2/3 — Jacksonville, N.C. — Hooligans 2/5 — Lancaster, Pa. — Chameleon Club 2/6 — Clifton Park, N.Y. — Upstate Concert Hall 2/7 — Portland, Maine — The Asylum 2/8 — Allentown, Pa. — Crocodile Rock 2/9 — Lynchburg, Va. — Phase 2 2/10 — Nashville, Tenn. — Marathon Music Works 2/12 — Fayetteville, Ark. — George's Majestic Lounge 2/14 — Biloxi, Miss. — Hard Rock Hotel & Casino 2/15 — Broussard, La. — The Station 2/16 — Beaumont, Texas — Dixie Dance Hall 2/17 — Little Rock, Ark. — Revolution! Music Room 2/19 — Springfield, Ill. — Boondocks 2/21 — Bloomington, Ill. — The Castle Theatre 2/22 — South Bend, Ind. — Club Fever 2/23 — Cedar Falls, Iowa — Pepsi Pavilion [button href="http://loudwire.com/lacuna-coil-co-vocalist-andrea-ferro-weds/" title="Next: Lacuna Coil Co-Vocalist Andrea Ferro Weds" align="center"]
See the article here:
Lacuna Coil and Sevendust Join Forces for Early 2013 U.S. Tour


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By MEGHAN BARR
Associated Press
NEW YORK (AP) _ Extolling the virtues of Harlem's rich cultural history, Michelle Obama hosted a luncheon for the spouses of foreign dignitaries Tuesday in the historic New York City neighborhood she described as "quintessentially American."
The first lady spoke to about 50 spouses of chiefs of state and heads of government who are attending the UN General Assembly. The group toured The Studio Museum in Harlem, which was founded in 1968 by artists and civic and community leaders to provide space for modern and contemporary black art.
"There's a reason why I wanted to bring you all to Harlem today," said Obama, who was wearing a blue and white dress by Carolina Herrera. "And that is because this community … is infused with a kind of energy and passion that is quintessentially American, but that has also touched so many people around the world."
Obama discussed Harlem's place in the early 20th century as the heart of black culture in the U.S., pointing to famous writers and musicians like Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston and Louis Armstrong.
"Many of these men and women left the South just a couple of generations after the end of slavery, and they were desperate to find a place where they could explore their talents and express their ideas freely," she said. "This moment in history came to be known as the Harlem Renaissance."
The first lady also encouraged the group to share ideas about how they are improving the lives of girls and women in their own countries.
"Everywhere I go in the world, I meet so many wonderful young girls _ girls with so much promise, girls eager and desperate to learn, girls who just blossom when they get that one chance to go to school and to start scratching at the fulfillment of their potential," Obama said. "And when they get that chance _ when both boys and girls have an equal opportunity to learn _ we all know that's not just good for our children, it's also good for their families and it's good for their countries as well."
They dined in the main gallery surrounded by life-sized paintings of African-American women created by Houston-based artist Robert Pruitt. Made from crayon and charcoal on butcher paper, the paintings depict black women in his Texas neighborhood and incorporate elements of science fiction and hip-hop culture.
The lunch was provided by Red Rooster, a well-known soul food restaurant in Harlem, and included shrimp and rice and a salad with cornbread croutons.
The visiting first ladies from other nations will go home with a gift basket that includes a jar of honey butter produced from fresh honey from the White House beehive and lemon verbena grown in the White House herb garden.
They were serenaded by Broadway star Audra McDonald, whom the first lady described as a "dear friend," and members of the chamber music class at LaGuardia Arts High School. There was also a performance by company members from the Dance Theatre of Harlem.
The group also toured the museum, which houses about 2,000 works from about 450 artists, the earliest work from 1804 and the most recent from 2013.
The museum was founded in a loft farther north in Harlem and moved to its current space, a former bank, in the 1980s. It currently has three emerging artists-in-residence of African or Latino descent occupying its studios.


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The Apacs EdgeSaber Z-Slayer (Black Gold) racket has a very similar looks as the Yonex ArcSaber Z Slash Taufik Hidayat Limited Edition racket.
- EdgeSaber Z-Slayer is design to give you sharper smashes and at the same time let you enjoy the precise drop shot and netting play.
- The racket was developed with the new "Whip-Slim Frame" which increased the Speed in the swing, and overall improve execution with Power and more Control.
- With its light body and head, enable you to move the racket like a sword and to deliver a very clean and sharp execution.
- The racket is a medium flex racket that will deliver more power even for beginners, as it will have a kind of sling shot effect.
- The EdgeSaber Z-Slayer is an extremely fast racket and is developed to suit power based players who want more control or those seeking to improve power generation.
- EdgeSaber Z-Slayer is very well balanced and awesome to play with, and with the price over performance, it gives you the best value for money.
|APACS EdgeSaber Z-Slayer (Black) Specifications
|Frame Material:
|Hi Modulus Graphite + Whip-Slim Frame + Compact Frame
|Shaft Material:
|Hi Modulus Graphite + CNTs Carbon Nanotube
|85 +/- 1g (4U-G2)
|Max Tension:
|285mm +/- 3
|Special Features
Isometric head frame
Equalizes the length of main and cross strings in the stringbed, enlarging the sweet-spot for more consistent accuracy even on off-center hits.
76 Grommets system
This single-pass grommet holes construction provides more grommet holes, creating a high-performance stringing pattern that puts 7% more durability.
CNTs Carbon Nanotube
The new material 'CNTs Carbon Nanotube' is adopted in both sides of the frame in order to give strength and perseverance.
It holds large amount of energy at the impact, and releases it back like an arrow. It gives you depth and control in your game.
The strength and flexibility of 'CNTs Carbon Nanotube' will lead your game into the next level.
Whip-Slim Frame
The Whip-Slim Frame provides smaller flat surface compared with an ordinary racket for better speed, fast swing-through and the quicker maneuverability.
Compact Frame
Provides fast swing and head-heavy balance. The frame has been made smaller to maintain the fast swing demanded by advanced players. By reducing the drag caused by air resistance, the head-heavy feeling is reduced and racquet handling speed is increased.
|Racket Specifications
|Hi Modulus Graphite + Whip-Slim Frame
|Hi Modulus Graphite + CNTs Carbon Nanotube
|85 +/- 1g (4U-G2)
|Max Tension
|675mm +/- 2
|Balance Point
|285mm +/- 3
|76 Holes
|Black / Red / Gold
|Special Features
|Isomectric head frame; 76 Grommets system; CNTs Carbon Nanotube; Whip-Slim Frame; Compact Frame
Customers Who Bought Also Bought
Led , Kota bharu


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An interdisciplinary team of scientists at The University of Nottingham has developed a technique to produce chemically functionalised spider silk that can be tailored to applications used in drug delivery, regenerative medicine and wound healing.
A chance meeting between a spider expert and a chemist has led to the development of antibiotic synthetic spider silk.
After five years' work an interdisciplinary team of scientists at The University of Nottingham has developed a technique to produce chemically functionalised spider silk that can be tailored to applications used in drug delivery, regenerative medicine and wound healing.
The Nottingham research team has shown for the first time how 'click-chemistry' can be used to attach molecules, such as antibiotics or fluorescent dyes, to artificially produced spider silk synthesised by E.coli bacteria. The research, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) is published today in the online journal Advanced Materials.
The chosen molecules can be 'clicked' into place in soluble silk protein before it has been turned into fibres, or after the fibres have been formed. This means that the process can be easily controlled and more than one type of molecule can be used to 'decorate' individual silk strands.
Nottingham breakthrough
In a laboratory in the Centre of Biomolecular Sciences, Professor Neil Thomas from the School of Chemistry in collaboration with Dr Sara Goodacre from the School of Life Sciences, has led a team of BBSRC DTP-funded PhD students starting with David Harvey who was then joined by Victor Tudorica, Leah Ashley and Tom Coekin. They have developed and diversified this new approach to functionalising 'recombinant' — artificial — spider silk with a wide range of small molecules.
They have shown that when these 'silk' fibres are 'decorated' with the antibiotic levofloxacin it is slowly released from the silk, retaining its anti-bacterial activity for at least five days.
Neil Thomas, a Professor of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, said: "Our technique allows the rapid generation of biocompatible, mono or multi-functionalised silk structures for use in a wide range of applications. These will be particularly useful in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedicine."
Remarkable qualities of spider silk
Spider silk is strong, biocompatible and biodegradable. It is a protein-based material that does not appear to cause a strong immune, allergic or inflammatory reaction. With the recent development of recombinant spider silk, the race has been on to find ways of harnessing its remarkable qualities.
The Nottingham research team has shown that their technique can be used to create a biodegradable mesh which can do two jobs at once. It can replace the extra cellular matrix that our own cells generate, to accelerate growth of the new tissue. It can also be used for the slow release of antibiotics.
SEE ALSO: Researchers Discover 305-Million-Year-Old "Early Spider" Fossil
Professor Thomas said: "There is the possibility of using the silk in advanced dressings for the treatment of slow-healing wounds such as diabetic ulcers. Using our technique infection could be prevented over weeks or months by the controlled release of antibiotics. At the same time tissue regeneration is accelerated by silk fibres functioning as a temporary scaffold before being biodegraded."
The medicinal properties of spider silk recognised for centuries.
The medicinal properties of spider silk have been recognised for centuries but not clearly understood. The Greeks and Romans treated wounded soldiers with spider webs to stop bleeding. It is said that soldiers would use a combination of honey and vinegar to clean deep wounds and then cover the whole thing with balled-up spider webs.
There is even a mention in Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream: "I shall desire you of more acquaintance, good master cobweb," the character 'Bottom' said. "If I cut my finger, I shall make bold of you."
'I think we could make that!'
The idea came together at a discipline bridging university 'sandpit' meeting five years ago. Dr Goodacre says her chance meeting at that event with Professor Thomas proved to be one of the most productive afternoons of her career.
Dr Goodacre, who heads up the SpiderLab in the School of Life Sciences, said: "I got up at that meeting and showed the audience a picture of some spider silk. I said 'I want to understand how this silk works, and then make some.'
"At the end of the session Neil came up to me and said 'I think my group could make that.' He also suggested that there might be more interesting 'tweaks' one could make so that the silk could be 'decorated' with different, useful, compounds either permanently or which could be released over time due to a change in the acidity of the environment."
The approach required the production of the silk proteins in a bacterium where an amino acid not normally found in proteins was included. This amino acid contained an azide group which is widely used in 'click' reactions that only occur at that position in the protein. It was an approach that no-one had used before with spider silk — but the big question was — would it work?
READ NEXT: Catching a Tumor In a Spider's Web
Dr Goodacre said: "It was the start of a fascinating adventure that saw a postdoc undertake a very preliminary study to construct the synthetic silks. He was a former SpiderLab PhD student who had previously worked with our tarantulas. Thanks to his ground work we showed we could produce the silk proteins in bacteria. We were then joined by David Harvey, a new PhD student, who not only made the silk fibres, incorporating the unusual amino acid, but also decorated it and demonstrated its antibiotic activity. He has since extended those first ideas far beyond what we had thought might be possible."
David Harvey's work is described in this paper but Professor Thomas and Dr Goodacre say this is just the start. There are other joint SpiderLab/Thomas lab students working on uses for this technology in the hope of developing it further.
David Harvey, the lead author on this their first paper, has just been awarded his PhD and is now a postdoctoral researcher on a BBSRC follow-on grant so is still at the heart of the research. His current work is focused on driving the functionalised spider silk technology towards commercial application in wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Where will we be in 5 years' time?
Dr Goodacre said: "It is likely that this paper is just the start of a very exciting range of studies using the new spider silk material. Some of the future work will also be supported by other, neat ideas from the world of spiders and their silk, which the SpiderLab is currently trying to unravel."
This article has been republished from materials provided by The University of Nottingham. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source.
Research paper:
D. Harvey, P. Bardelang, S. L. Goodacre, et al. Antibiotic Spider Silk: Site-Specific Functionalization of Recombinant Spider Silk Using "Click" Chemistry. Advanced Materials, 2016; DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604245


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text: Stolen or weak remote desktop credentials are routinely used to infect point-of-sale systems with malware, but recently they've also become a common distribution method for file-encrypting ransomware.In March, researchers discovered a ransomware program dubbed Surprise that was being installed through stolen credentials for TeamViewer, a popular remote administration tool. But the trend had started long before that, with some ransomware variants being distributed through brute-force password guessing attacks against Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) servers since 2015.While this method of infection was initially used by relatively obscure ransomware programs, recently it has been adopted by an increasing number of cybercriminals, including those behind widespread ransomware programs such as Crysis.Security researchers from antivirus firm Kaspersky Lab have discovered a new ransomware program that affected hospitals and other organizations in Brazil. The researchers have named the threat Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Xpan and say it's the creation of a gang called TeamXRat, which previously specialized in remote access trojans (RATs).According to Kaspersky Lab, the TeamXRat attackers peform brute-force attacks against internet-connected RDP servers and then manually install the Xpan ransomware on the hacked servers."Connecting remote desktop servers directly to the Internet is not recommended and brute forcing them is nothing new; but without the proper controls in place to prevent or at least detect and respond to compromised machines, brute force RDP attacks are still relevant and something that cybercriminals enjoy," the Kaspersky researchers said in a blog post. "Once the server is compromised, the attacker manually disables the Antivirus product installed on the server and proceeds with the infection itself."Brazil has more compromised RDP servers being sold on the underground market than any other country. It is followed by Russia, Spain, the U.K. and the U.S.Fortunately in the case of Xpan, the ransomware authors made an error in their encryption implementation that allowed Kaspersky Lab to develop a method of recovering affected files without paying the ransom. There's no downloadable decryption tool, but Xpan victims are advised to contact the security company's support department and ask for assistance.Encryption implementation errors are not unusual in ransomware programs, especially in new ones. However, ransomware developers are typically quick to fix the flaws and sooner or later their program will end up using strong and unbreakable encryption.


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The prominence and pervasiveness of open source software in cloud computing is something I'veresearched and written about quite a bit. I've also discussed how open source software is a key component and catalyst for the devops trend that blends application development and deployment via IT operations. Now I'm seeing the same effect from open source software yet again in a disruptive trend: polyglot programming.
Polyglot programming is the use of many different languages, frameworks, services, databases and other pieces for individual applications. The trend takes today's developers and IT shops beyond .Net and Java to node.js, PHP, Python, Ruby, Spring and further still to Erlang, Scala, Haskell and others.
Also in the mix are widely used API Web services such as JSON, REST and SOAP, which are increasingly significant to building applications, as well as developer and user communities.
There is also polyglot disruption present at the database layer with MySQL still being popular, but with ample use of the growing number of alternatives (NoSQL, PostgreSQL, NewSQL, etc.), including virtual and cloud-based services.
Don't forget — today's applications will likely pull in effective user-interface technologies such as Javascript, XML and HTML5, whether for internal enterprise, Web, mobile, consumer or converged audiences.
I've also made the point about the significance of those API pieces, which frequently emerge as critical as open source software when customers, developers, partners or others hook into software applications.
The bottom line is that openness remains critical in most facets of today's enterprise IT — open source software, open standards, open clouds, open APIs, open data, etc.
Open Source: The Common Denominator
As important as APIs are, open source software is the most common denominator among the many, sometimes disparate, pieces of polyglot programming. Similar to its role in devops, open source software is a catalyst in polyglot, delivering its usual benefits of availability and flexibility to fit with other technologies.
Nearly all of the polyglot programming pieces — languages, frameworks, databases, application servers — are open source software. Nevertheless, there are also significant pieces from the likes of Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, VMware and others that remain proprietary.
Polyglot and devops, as well as open source software, are also being driven by today's users, whether enterprise employees, mobile device owners or general consumers. Expectations of speed, quality and uptime demand use of multiple technologies for optimal performance.
For example, many applications are written in Java or C but require additional languages and frameworks for back-end scalability and performance. The same applications may also need different user-facing technology for ease of use or presentation.
Another driver of devops and polyglot, and thus open source, is the deployment of applications in various environments, including datacenter, cloud computing, Web, mobile and converged uses.
Additionally, organizations are wisely adapting their application development and deployment processes wholesale, rather than for specific applications, in order to deal with the latest changes technology. This further drives polyglot programming because these different application development and deployment models require different tools for optimal and effective releases.
Putting It Together
The biggest challenge of polyglot programming is that it involves the mixing of different languages and frameworks, and although they are commonly used together for today's applications, they are still separate software development projects. The most consistent element of all the different pieces is, once again, open source software.
There's no question that integrating these technology pieces, federating management of them, and adapting to the confluence of software development and IT operations remain big challenges. However they also present opportunities for vendors and users to get more out of their technology, people and processes.
There are those who say it is not realistic to think any product or vendor, including evolving PaaS platforms, will ever be able to truly support polyglot programming and the blending of different technologies and communities for single applications.
It's true that the undertaking of devops and polyglot support today entails more of a DIY mindset than a vendor or platform-provided approach, but there are many interesting ventures with many smart people focused on doing just that. Over time, perhaps in two or three years, some of them will succeed, particularly as customers and users get more proficient with cloud, mobile and other resources.
At the very least, polyglot programming highlights how open source software continues to have a pervasive and profound impact on enterprise IT innovation. An upcoming report on polyglot programming by 451 Research will more deeply explore these drivers and impacts, including the role of open source software.


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When you throw around the words Moroccan, geometric, metallic + geode, you're definitely speaking our language. And today's unique wedding inspiration, captured by Lauren Scotti + designed by Kelsey Events, incorporated all of those pretty things – and more – into one very fun + glam editorial! Initially inspired by the Pantone color of the year, radiant orchid, the team wanted to pull together a refreshing setting that would highlight this stunning, edgy hue of purple, and pair it with gems + stones, all the best kinds of metallic details and, of course, a little Moroccan flare. We're pretty much in love + know you will be, too…
The bouquet included so many fun textures, but the best being those gorgeous, faceted geodes!
From Lauren, I wanted to bring some new elements to the shoot that were not your standard wedding day look. Something that was pulled from real life + fashion. I started getting really excited about rocks and geodes and we began to look everywhere. You can easily find these gems in all kinds of accessories right now, but our search for the right inspiration continued. Finally one evening Missy Fine's geode replica charger plates popped up in my instagram feed and I about died! I called her first thing in the morning to bring her on board and she was thrilled to be a part. Not to mention she owned tons of gorgeous rocks and gems AND made a 5 foot replica of the geode for our ceremony backdrop!
Loving those lush garlands, both decorating the table + overhead! And, of course, we're always fans of a good Moroccan rug pulling a scene together!
Missy Fine's custom replica geode chargers really are something else, right?!
Pile on the geodes, please!
Gorgeous, right?! Thanks to all of the talented creatives below for sharing their take on the Pantone color of the year with us today! Is anyone out there using this rich, bold hue as part of their wedding color palette?
photography: Lauren Scotti Photographer // venue name: The Loft on Pine, Long Beach, California // event design: Kelsey Events // planning: Kelsey Events // florals: Missy Fine // wedding dress: Mon Amie Bridal Salon // hair stylist: Ashley Gannon // makeup artist: Ashley Gannon // tabletop rentals: Signature Party // furniture rentals: Circa Vintage Rentals // stationery design: KM Paperie // wire design: RLH Creations // tux: Friar Tux // rugs: Badia Designs