text:
Home > Church and Worship
Sometimes they claim this in order to justify the names worn by different denominations.
But if names don't matter, why don't parents give their children names like "Benedict Arnold" or "Adolph Hitler" or "Beelzebub"? Names really do matter to people, and we will see that names matter even more to God, especially regarding His people.
In religion people are often confused by many aspects of denominations, and one of the most confusing aspects is the names groups use. Different groups with different practices use different names to distinguish themselves from other groups.
Why are names important? What terms or designations does the gospel use to refer to the church of the New Testament and its members? What should be our attitude toward the many names used by modern denominations?
Consider the definition of the word "name": "A word or a combination of words by which a person, place, idea, etc., is known or designated" (Random House College Dictionary). Hence, a name (as used in this study) is a word or words used to identify, describe, or designate something. When we speak of the "name" of the church, we refer, not to what English grammar refers to as a "proper name," but simply to terms used to designate the church.
To try to prove that names do not matter, some people quote Shakespeare: "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." However, ...
* Poisons must be properly identified with labels. Suppose someone took a bottle of deadly poison, labeled it "Root Beer," and put it in the refrigerator. Would that be OK, because "There's nothing in a name"?
* Family names: Suppose Mrs. Jones told everyone she was Mrs. Smith, and called her children by the family name Smith. Would Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith agree "nothing in a name"?
* Names on checks and official documents: Suppose I bought a new car and paid by signing your name to the check. Would you say, "There's nothing in a name"? When I went to court, would the judge let me off if I just said that names don't really matter?
* Names that describe people's character: Suppose I called you a "liar, thief, drunkard, and wife beater." Would you be satisfied if I said, "There's nothing in a name. A rose by any other name still smells as sweet"?
Names do matter. Names convey information: correct names give accurate and true information, but incorrect names give false or misleading information. Names may give honor or dishonor to people. Names may identify authority for actions. Names may describe character. In all these areas, it matters whether or not the names we use are accurate.
What Shakespeare said has no authority in religion. You and I will be judged but by what God says in the Bible. So consider the Bible teaching:
Exodus 6:2,3 - God identified Himself by the name "Jehovah." Does that name matter?
Exodus 20:7 - Thou shalt not take the name of God in vain. If names don't matter, why can't we use His name in any way we want?
Matthew 6:9 - Pray, "Hallowed be Thy name." Suppose someone addressed a prayer in our assembly to Mary, Baal, Buddha, or Satan. Would you say, "There is nothing in a name."?
[Ex. 15:2,3; Psalm 83:18; Isaiah 47:4; 54:5; Ex. 23:13; Lev. 19:12; 24:15,16; Hebrews 1:4; Phil.2:9-11; Gen. 12:8; Deut. 18:5,19; 1 Sam.17:45; 1 Kings 18:24; 1 Chron. 16:2; Matt.28:19; Luke 1:49; 24:47; Acts 2:21,38; 4:12; Colossians 3:17, Isaiah 42:8]
Genesis 17:5,15 - God changed the names of Abram and Sarai to Abraham and Sarah.
Genesis 17:19 - God told Abraham to name his son Isaac.
Genesis 32:27,28 - He changed Jacob's name to Israel.
Luke 1:13 - God told Zacharias to name his son John (the Baptist).
Matthew 1:21 - God told Joseph to name Mary's son Jesus.
If names don't matter, why did God give these people special names? Why even change their names? Would it have been all right for people to use other names instead of the ones God gave?
[Genesis 16:11; 35:10; Isaiah 7:14; Matthew 1:23; Luke 6:14]
Deuteronomy 28:9,10 - Israel would be a holy people unto God and would be called by the name of God. Because they belonged to God, they should be referred to by God's name.
Isaiah 62:2 - God's people would be called by a new name, which the mouth of God would name. If God doesn't care about the names His people wear, why bother to choose a new name for them? [Isaiah 62:12; 65:15]
1 Corinthians 1:10-13 - God rebuked His people for wearing names of men to identify themselves. If names don't matter, why did God object?
Names do matter. Would you want to be a member of a group called "Church of Satan"? When God creates something, owns it, and rules over it, He has the right to name it. Especially when God honors a people by giving them the right to wear His name because they belong to Him, wouldn't His people be disrespecting Him if they didn't use the name He gave?
God cares about the name we wear, so we ought to care about it too.
[Ex. 19:5; Daniel 9:19; Jeremiah 14:9; 15:16; Deut. 14:2; 2 Chron. 5:1,14; 1 Kings 8:43,48; 2 Chron. 6:33; Genesis 1:5,8,10; 2:19,20,23; 3:20]
New Testament terms for the church and its members are generally descriptions. They describe the character of the church or its purposes or relationships. Some are figurative comparisons. The gospel uses several different terms, but these all refer to the same group, not to groups teaching different doctrines. Just as a man may be called father, husband, son, doctor, citizen, or Christian, so the same group or body of people may wear different descriptive terms.
Matthew 16:18 - Jesus promised to build His church.
Romans 16:16 - Churches of Christ (local congregations) salute you.
"Church" refers to a called-out body or assembly of people (always people, never a physical building). In the New Testament it is the people called to belong to Jesus (Acts 20:28). They are called by the gospel (2 Thessalonians 2:14), out of darkness (1 Peter 2:9 ), into fellowship with Jesus (1 Corinthians 1:9), to receive eternal glory (1 Peter 5:10).
[Acts 8:1; 1 Corinthians 1:2; 14:33; 16:1; 15:9; Galatians 1:13; Ephesians 1:22; 3:10; 5:22ff; Colossians 1:18; 1 Thessalonians 1:1; 2:14; 1 Timothy 3:15; Hebrews 12:23]
1 Timothy 3:15 - Paul instructed Timothy how men ought to behave in the house of God, which is the church. "House" often refers to a family (Acts 10:2; Hebrews 11:7; Luke 1:27). [Though it sometimes refers to a temple.]
Galatians 6:10 - Do good to all, especially the household of faith.
This term emphasizes a relationship of love and subjection, in which God is the Father (2 Corinthians 6:16-18) and we are His children (1 John 3:1,2). We must love Him as He loves us, submit to His will, and treat our brothers and sisters with love and kindness.
[Ephesians 2:19; 3:15; Hebrews 3:6]
Matthew 16:18,19 - Jesus promised to build His church and give Peter the keys of the kingdom.
Colossians 1:13 - God delivered us from the power of darkness and translated us into His Son's kingdom. [Cf. v18.]
This term emphasizes the government of the church. It is a monarchy in which Christ rules as king on David's throne (Luke 1:32f) over the citizens of the kingdom.
[Luke 22:16; John 3:3-5; 18:36,37; Acts 8:12; 20:25; 28:23,31; Hebrews 12:28; Revelation 1:9]
Ephesians 1:22,23 - God gave Christ to be Head over all things to the church which is His body.
Colossians 1:18 - Christ is head of the body, the church.
This term emphasizes the subjection of the members to Christ as Head, and also the unity, cooperation, and care for one another that should characterize the members.
[1 Corinthians 12:12-28; Ephesians 2:16; 4:4,16; 5:23; Romans 12:4,5]
Other terms are also used (temple, bride, vineyard, etc.). Any Scriptural term would be a proper to use to designate Jesus' church, use in advertising, use on the sign out front, etc.
"How would travelers or people who move find the right group?" This concern generally leads faithful churches to identify themselves as "church of Christ," but this is done for expediency and convenience. This is not the one "exclusive" name of the church. When God's word uses many different terms, how can we say that any one of them is the only acceptable one? How could we say a group is wrong if it chooses to use some other Scriptural name?
However, while other Biblically authorized names are not inherently wrong, one must question the motives why some groups, that used to identify themselves as "churches of Christ," have chosen to change to a different name. Is the reason because they are changing their doctrine and practice? Is it because they no longer seek to be identified with the practices that are identified with "churches of Christ"? If so, then the change should be vigorously opposed because the reasons for changing are wrong.
Disciples - This designates us as followers or learners of Jesus (Acts 20:7). [Acts 11:26; 9:1; 6:1; John 8:31; 15:8]
Children of God - (Galatians 3:26,27) [Romans 8:16,17; Galatians 4:7; 1 John 3:1,2,10]
Saints - This indicates we are set apart, holy, dedicated to God's service (Acts 9:13). [Rom. 1:7; 1 Corinthians 1:2; Philippians 1:1; Jude 3]
Believers - This expresses the saving (obedient) faith we have in Jesus (Acts 5:14). [2 Cor. 6:15; 1 Timothy 4:12]
Christians - This is probably the new name God promised to call His people (Isaiah 62:2).
Acts 11:26 - Disciples were called Christians first at Antioch.
Acts 26:28 - Agrippa said to Paul, "You almost persuade me to become a Christian."
1 Peter 4:16 - If any suffer as a Christian, let him glorify God in this name (behalf - KJV).
This term was used for disciples (Acts 11:26) - people who follow Christ, become Christ like, belong to Him, and imitate His example.
All these are Scriptural terms (there are others too) that the gospel uses to refer to God's people. Do you care what name you wear religiously like God cares?
[Other terms for members: priests, etc.]
One thing all Bible names for the church have in common: they all honor God.
References to the church often show that it belongs to God.
Converted people become God' possession (1 Corinthians 6:19,20 - you were bought with a price; Titus 2:14 - A people for Jesus' possession). [1 Peter 2:9; Ephesians 1:14; John 17:9-11]
Matthew 16:18 - Jesus called it "My church"
Acts 20:28 - The church of the Lord, which He purchased with His blood
Romans 16:16 - Churches of Christ
Colossians 1:13 - The kingdom of His dear Son
[1 Cor.1:1,2; Luke 1:32; Ephesians 1:23; Colossians 1:24; 1 Timothy 3:15]
The very meanings of Bible terms for the church show our possession, relationship, and subjection to God.
"Church" - The body is called out or separated to be God's people.
"Body" - Members are subject to the Head (Christ)
"Kingdom" - Citizens submit to the kingship of Christ.
"Family" - Children submit to the will of the Father.
The emphasis of terms for the church is always on honoring and exalting Deity by showing our relationship and subjection to the Father and Son.
A bride honors her husband and shows her relationship to him by wearing his family name. Children also honor their parents and show their relationship to them by wearing the family name. So Christians ought to wear Biblical names that honor God and show our relationship to Deity. To fail to do so is to dishonor and disrespect our spiritual Father and Husband.
[Cf. Ephesians 5:22ff; Genesis 5:2; Romans 7:2-6; 2 Corinthians 11:2.]
Other Scriptures also emphasize the importance of this point.
Acts 15:14,17 - To prove Gentiles could obey the gospel, James quoted Amos 9:11f saying Gentiles would be called by God's name. They would wear His name because they belonged to God, just as Jews did in Old Testament (Deut. 28:9,10). [Romans 9:25ff]
1 Peter 4:16 - We glorify God in the name "Christian" (ASV, or "in this behalf," KJV). To wear the name "Christian" is to proclaim to all that we are followers of Jesus Christ.
1 Corinthians 1:10-13,31 [3:21] - Wearing someone's name gives them glory and honor. This is true spiritually, just like wearing the family name of a father or husband gives them honor. This is why it is wrong to wear men's names religiously. To do so would be to honor men. Instead, we ought to wear the name of the One who did die to purchase us and in whose name (authority) we were baptized. Note v31.
Many wear names that exalt men or angels.
* The Lutheran church wears Luther's name (though he said not to do so).
* The Mennonite church was named for Menno Simons.
* "Mormon" is the name of a prophet who supposedly compiled the Book of Mormon.
* Many claim the "Baptist" church was named after John the Baptist.
* Many local congregations of denominations name themselves after people: "St. Peter's," "St. Mary's," "St. Joseph's," "Our Lady of...," etc.
Naming God's people after men is just what 1 Corinthians 1 forbids!
Many other groups wear names of certain doctrines or practices.
When you understand why it is wrong for people to wear the names of men, then you understand that it is wrong, for the same reasons, to wear names of doctrines.
* Presbyterian and Episcopal churches are named after their form of organization.
* The Roman Catholic church is named for its center of government (Rome) and "universal" character.
* Holiness churches are named for their emphasis on holy living.
* Pentecostal churches are named for events on day of Pentecost.
* Methodist churches are named for emphasizing good methods.
* 7th Day Adventists are named for observing the 7th day and for Jesus' 2nd coming.
Why should we not name the church after men? Because men are equally important to one another and should not be exalted above one another, but all are vastly unimportant compared to God. To name ourselves after a man exalts him above others, when we should be exalting Deity.
But the same is true of doctrines. Naming ourselves after a doctrine exalts it as if it were more important than all others. Why pick out just one, instead of another? Instead, why not honor the One who revealed the doctrine? Which is more worthy of honor: the doctrine or the One who revealed it?
"Church" - Matthew 16:18 - Jesus said, "I will build my church" (singular), not churches (plural).
"Family" - The family of God is always singular (1 Timothy 3:15; Galatians 6:10). God allows each man to have only one family; so God has only one spiritual family, and all His children are in that family. The only other spiritual family is that of the Devil (John 8:38,41-44). [1 John 3:10]
"Kingdom" - The kingdom is always used in the singular - one King ruling one kingdom (Col. 1:13). The only other spiritual kingdom is that of the devil (Colossians 1:13; Matthew 12:24-29). [Luke 1:32; Matthew 16:19]
"Body" - Just as there is only one head, so there is only one body.
Ephesians 4:3-6 - There is one lord (Head) and one body.
1 Corinthians 12:20 - There are many members, but one body.
[Ephesians 2:16; 1 Corinthians 12:13; Romans 12:4,5]
John 17:20,21 - Jesus prayed for all believers to be one.
Ephesians 4:3 - Endeavor to keep the unity of the Spirit.
1 Corinthians 1:10-13 - Another reason the Corinthians were wrong to wear different names was that this contributed to division. Paul rebuked naming ourselves in such a way as to promote division.
People often invent a new church name to emphasize some man or doctrine. Others object to that name, because they want a different man or doctrine emphasized and honored. So the names emphasize the division, just like at Corinth.
Further, these names are deliberately chosen to distinguish denominations from another. They generally think people in the other groups are still saved, yet they want to be separate from them, so they choose names to designate themselves separately.
Illustration: A lady was soliciting businesses for money for a new building for her denomination. One man said, "I'll give $100 if you put up a sign saying, 'This is a church of Christ.'"
She replied, "No, that's not the name we wear."
"Then I'll still give $100 if you put a sign, 'This is not a church of Christ.'"
"Oh, no! It is a church of Christ. What I mean is that it is, but it isn't."
People know the church should belong to Jesus, yet they don't want to wear His name. Instead they want names to separate themselves from others. If all would wear Bible names, no one could object, and the name would not encourage division among God's people.
Why would people say "there is nothing in a name," if they could find the name of their church in the Bible? If they could find the name in the Bible, wouldn't they would just do so, instead of saying that it does not matter?
God has given terms He wants used to refer to the church and its members. What authority do men have to change those terms and use others of human invention?
1 Peter 4:11 - If any man speak, let him speak as the oracles of God.
2 John 9 - Whoever does not abide in the doctrine of Christ, does not have God.
Galatians 1:8,9 - If any many preaches another gospel, he is accursed.
When God gives people religious names, they ought to use those names, especially when God has so honored a people as to allow them to wear His name as His people. If the church belongs to God, if Jesus established and built the church, if Jesus died to purchase the church and forgive our sins, then surely God has the right to decide what terms we should use to describe ourselves! We should wear the names God chooses and names that honor God, not other names of our own human invention.
[Colossians 3:17; Matthew 15:9; Revelation 22:18,19]
The name is just one of many aspects of Jesus' pattern for His church that we need to consider. Some people think the right name is all that matters. Not so. Many congregations are right in name, but wrong in doctrine or practice. Nevertheless, names are important. If a congregation wears an unscriptural name, you can immediately know it is not following the Bible.
In the first century, God's people used the terms found in God's word. They were not members of any man-made denomination, so they did not wear man-made names. They belonged to God, so they wore names that honored Deity. If we belong to God today, we should do the same.
This congregation wears the name of Jesus because we care about honoring Him. Because we care about you, we urge you to become a member of Jesus' church. It is not a denomination, but just he body of people that belong to God. Have you become a Christian, a member of Jesus' body? Are you living faithfully?
(C) Copyright
1986, 1993, 2009 David E. Pratte; gospelway.com
Local churches and individuals may, within limits, distribute this Bible study guide for free, but not for sale. Web sites may link to this page but not reproduce it. For details click here for our copyright guidelines.
gospelway.com - Return to the Gospel Way home page.
Please bookmark our site in your favorites.
We welcome links to us from other sites :
gospelway.com - The Gospel Way: Free Bible Study Materials & Guides
Scripture quotations are generally from the New King James Version (NKJV), copyright 1982, 1988 by Thomas Nelson, Inc. used by permission. All rights reserved.


text:
U.S. physics strategy calls for greater global collaboration
Guest post by Andrew Grant
In a time of tightened budgets, the U.S. particle physics community should increase international collaboration without sacrificing its position as a leader in the field, according to a new report.
The Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) report, presented by a committee of physicists May 22 in Bethesda, Md., prioritizes the construction of a billion-dollar-plus neutrino facility and several smaller experiments for the next decade and beyond.
The report's recommendations include:
- Moving forward on the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility in Batavia, Ill., which is slated to fire a beam of the ghostly particles to a detector 1,300 kilometers away by 2022. "Without the capability to host a large project, the U.S. would lose its position as a global leader in this field," the report says. The committee recommends adding international partners to the facility to increase its capabilities and share costs.
- Continued U.S. participation in the Large Hadron Collider, which discovered the Higgs boson in 2012. The U.S. should also contribute to the proposed International Linear Collider in Japan, which would further explore the Higgs by smashing together electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons.
- Supporting experiments to detect particles of dark matter and telescopes to probe neutrinos and other exotic particles in space.
The report adjusts its priorities according to three funding scenarios; recent federal budget proposals suggest physicists might have to settle for the worst-case scenario, and there's no guarantee that the government will support the projects. If approved by the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, the report's recommendations will be passed on to the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A study from Action on Smoking and Health (ASH), out this week, scrutinises the credibility of economic arguments used by the industry to fight back against legislation. For example, when Christopher Ogden, chief executive of the Tobacco Manufacturers Association, said in 2010 that the smoking ban had severely threatened the pub and bingo industry because of lost jobs and livelihoods, the reality was a little different.
Really? Then the Independent obviously knows something that the country's biggest bingo operator doesn't.
Gala Coral, operator of Gala Bingo, says growth prior to the smoking ban was running at 10 per cent. "Since the ban, we have seen a very sharp fall in revenue and admissions," says Neil Goulden, chief executive of Gala Coral. "The smoking ban is entirely responsible for that, he adds."
So what's ASH's evidence?
Data from the Office for National Statistics shows a net increase in the number of people visiting pubs since the smoking ban.
No it doesn't. This is what the ONS survey reported:
Three-quarters (75 per cent) of drinkers who visited pubs said that the change had not affected how often they went to pubs. Respondents were as likely to say that they went to pubs more often now than before the restrictions (12 per cent) as they were to say that they went less often now (13 per cent).
The percentage of women who visited the pub about the same amount since the smoking
restrictions were introduced has decreased from 80 per cent in 2008 to 73 per cent in 2009.
Conversely [sic], the percentage of women who said they were less likely to go to the pub following the restrictions has increased from 9 per cent to 14 per cent over the same period.
The survey says nothing about how long people spend in the pub—much less, if beer sales are any indication. Self-reported evidence of this kind can be unreliable because respondents can use it as a chance to express their approval/disapproval of the ban, rather than tell us whether it's actually changed their behaviour. Nonetheless, this survey certainly doesn't suggest an increase in the number of pub visitors. And that's hardly surprising as you would have to be living on Neptune not to have heard that pubs have been closing at the fastest rate in British history. Pubs closing at the rate of 50 a week despite more people going to them sounds rather incongruous, does it not?
We can argue about the reasons for the great pub crash that began in 2007 until the cows come home, and it's clearly multi-factoral, but ASH are not prepared to settle for saying that they don't think the smoking ban has been the main cause. They have to go further and deny that pubs are in crisis at all. In fact, they think pubs are flourishing.
The next factoid in the Independent article is only ever used by ASH, so there can be no doubt that it was they who offered it to the clueless hack responsible for the article...
When England went smoke-free in 2007, the number of premises licensed for alcohol increased by 5 per cent, and it has continued to grow every year since.
It is indisputable that Britain has lost more than 6,000 pubs since the ban came into effect in 2007. (The figures are here.) And yet ASH try to imply that numbers have increased. Their figures don't relate to pubs, of course, but to alcohol licenses, and since the Licensing Act came into force in 2005, there has certainly been a big increase in the number of licenses handed out. This is partly because it's easier to get one, and partly because the law now obliges you to get one for even the smallest occasion. ASH might think it's jolly nice that there are more coffee shops and garden fetes that have alcohol licenses, but it's got nothing to do with the smoking ban or the pub industry.
This Canute-like refusal to face reality is only possible in the world of single-issue zealot. As I said last time I wrote about this subject, every fact supports the view that the smoking ban has seriously damaged the pub and bingo industries.
It fits what publicans have been saying:
The readers' poll showed 77% of licensees think that trade has suffered as a result of the ban. Almost two thirds (63%) say business is worse than expected, and 72% predict a "challenging" or "very challenging" outlook for their business. Three out of five licensees said they had let staff go or reduced their hours. In addition, 73% want the ban lifted.
It fits what market analysts have been saying:
Pubs have sold 175 million fewer pints in the past year as a direct result of the smoking ban, according to market analysts AC Nielsen.
It fits what pubgoers have been saying:
There's no need for any fancy statistical analysis of trends over time. Just ask the customers.
It fits what the share prices of the Pubcos have been telling us:
You'll notice that the collapse of the share price began almost on the dot of July 1st 2007. Recession? No—that didn't start until October 2008, by which time the company had lost 75% of its value. Supermarket booze? 'Twas ever thus. Bad management? Perhaps, but the story is the same for all the pub companies.
It fits what economic theory predicts will happen when a externality is imposed on a business; it fits what the pub industry did predict would happen; it fits what has happened in other countries, in other states and in other cities.
The only thing it doesn't fit is the rhetoric of anti-smoking groups like ASH:
"Smoke-free polices are not only good for health, they are good for business. Evidence shows that in countries where smoke-free laws have been introduced, trade has generally increased."
Amanda Sandford, ASH, 2003


text:
Setback for gay marriage in Hawaii
HONOLULU – A federal judge ruled Wednesday against two Hawaii women who want to get married instead of entering into a civil union, handing a victory to opponents of gay marriage in a state that's been at the forefront of the issue.
U.S. District Judge Alan C. Kay's ruling sides with Hawaii Health Director Loretta Fuddy and Hawaii Family Forum, a Christian group that was allowed to intervene in the case. Hawaiian law allows for civil unions, but not for gay marriages.
"Accordingly, Hawaii's marriage laws are not unconstitutional," the ruling states. "Nationwide, citizens are engaged in a robust debate over this divisive social issue. If the traditional institution of marriage is to be reconstructed, as sought by the plaintiffs, it should be done by a democratically elected legislature or the people through a constitutional amendment," and not through the courts.
The lawsuit by Natasha Jackson and Janin Kleid argues they need to be married in order to get certain federal benefits. Co-plaintiff Gary Bradley wants to marry his foreign national partner to help him change his immigration status. Their attorney, John D'Amato, said they will appeal.
"The ruling affirms that protecting and strengthening marriage as the union of one man and one woman is legitimate, reasonable, and good for society," said Dale Schowengerdt, an attorney representing Hawaii Family Forum.
The case put Gov. Neil Abercrombie in the unusual position of both being a defendant in the lawsuit while supporting the plaintiffs' claims, saying a same-sex marriage ban is unconstitutional.
Wednesday's ruling also denied Hawaii Family Forum's motion to dismiss Abercrombie as defendant. The group argued Abercrombie has no place on either side of the lawsuit, partly because he is not the state official in charge of issuing marriage licenses. Abercrombie signed Hawaii's civil union legislation into law last year, allowing same-sex and opposite-sex couples to enter into a civil union with the same state rights and responsibilities as traditional marriage.
Abercrombie said in a statement that he disagreed with the ruling and would join with the couples if they decide to appeal.
"To refuse individuals the right to marry on the basis of sexual orientation or gender is discrimination in light of our civil unions law," he said. "For me, this is about fairness and equality."
Two legal teams from the state attorney general's office were on opposite sides of the courtroom - representing Fuddy and Abercrombie. James Walther, spokesman for the attorney general's office, said both teams will be reviewing the decision.


text:
Maths BridgingThursday, July 4th, 2013
We are currently working on a new course with Oxford's MPLS division to help students coming to Oxford to study Physics, Chemistry, Earth Sciences and Materials ensure their maths is up to scratch.
This has been an interesting project for us in many ways, pushing the boundaries of our expertise in many directions, from Moodle's handling of maths notation, to online assessment design, to embedding of externally hosted cc licensed videos in our materials.
We have updated our handling of mathematical equation rendering, enabling MathJax in Moodle 2.5 which allows us to include maths notation without rendering all maths formula as inaccessible images or requiring our students to download special plugins to use MathMl. This is a big win for us, as in the past pretty much every option for handling this kind of notation had significant downsides.
In terms of assessment design we have finally included some really useful feedback loops between diagnostic, formative tests, basic course materials and reinforcement and extension materials. Depending on a student's answer to individual questions they are directed to materials that should give them a basic overview of a concept, help them study it in more depth, and if they want to, explore the topic beyond the basic requirements. Each section also finishes with a short quiz so students can check their mastery and again revisit content if need be. Crucially this supports students who need lots of help, but also lets those who don't establish they are up to speed and ready to begin their course, without requiring them to sit through lots of unnecessary material. This has been possible due to the excellent efforts of our author in MPLS who has done an amazing job writing content and authoring questions and, more significantly, feedback for the quizzes. This is not a revolutionary approach, and we have had elements of this in our courses before, but the consistent and thorough application of this across all the materials is really gratifying and something that should result in a much more personalised and targeted learning experience for the students.
Lastly this is also a project that has benefited hugely from OER, in particular the wonderful resource sets developed by mathcentre and mathtutor. These have allowed us to produce a much richer course than we would have otherwise managed, by giving students choices about how they study specific concepts while removing the burden from a single author of writing multiple alternative explanations for each topic. We are also able to present materials in a wider mixture of formats than we have the resource to develop alone, e.g. video, text etc so that students can choose the type they prefer.
From a learning design/OER research perspective this has been a particularly gratifying experience as it has taken concepts we have discussed and modeled in theory for years, such as diagnostic testing with content linked to results and using OER to enable greater personalisation for students, and actually implemented them in practice. Which I guess means we had better start measuring impact!
Image: bridge / http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/


text:
Learn About the Law
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw's Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you're ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
Appellant filed his petition in the court of claims October 13, 1897, and an amended petition October 27, 1899, seeking to recover salary as United States commissioner in the Indian territory, at the rate of $1,500 per annum, from February 1, 1896, to September 30, 1899, aggregating $5, 375.
The findings of fact and conclusion of law were as follows:
1. The claimant was, on the 25th day of April, 1893, appointed by the United States court for the Indian territory United States commissioner within said territory, under the provisions of 39 of an act of Congress approved May 2, 1890, chapter 182 (1st Supp. Rev. Stat. 737), and upon the 1st day of March, 1895, the claimant was one of the present commissioners, then holding office under an existing appointment. On April 17, 1895, the following order was entered of record in the United States court in the Indian territory, southern district:
C. B. Kilgore, Judge.'
2. He continuously performed the duties and received the salary of said office until the 31st day of January in the year 1896, when the following letter was entered upon the records of the United States court in the Indian territory, in the southern district, by the Hon. Constantine B. Kilgore, judge of said court:
January 31st, 1896
The letter was not sent to the claimant or served upon him. No other statement of cause was made. The claimant was given no notice of any charge against him. No hearing was allowed the claimant and no opportunity to submit proof in his defense.
4.On February 10, 1896, one John R. Williams, who had [182 U.S. 419, 421] been designated by said judge as United States commissioner in the claimant's place, came to claimant's office with two armed deputy marshals, and, presenting his order of appointment, demanded possession of the dockets, books, and papers belonging to claimant's office as United States commissioner.
5.The order of appointment of said Williams is as follows:
January 31st, 1896.
6.The claimant protested and refused to recognize said Williams as his successor in said office, excepting so far as he was compelled thereto by the exercise of superior force on the part of the deputy marshals aforesaid and said Williams. Thereupon the claimant and said Williams joined in the following instrument of writing:
Southern District.
7.The claimant received a salary of $1,500 per annum up to the 3d day of February, 1896, but since that date has not been paid said salary or any part thereof.
8.Claimant took no other or further action to assert his claim to said office, or to obtain a reversal of the action of Judge Kilgore until the institution of this proceeding.
9.From the 3d day of February, 1896, until the 7th day of October, 1897, John R. Williams, who was appointed by Judge Kilgore to said office in claimant's stead, exercised said office and was paid the salary thereof. On said date one Horace M. Wolverton was appointed as the successor of said John R. Williams by Hon. Hosea Townsend, United States judge for said district, and since that time has exercised said office and has been paid the salary thereof.
10. From the 3d day of February, 1896, until the commencement of this action, the disbursing clerk of the Department of Justice paid to the persons who succeeded claimant to said office the salary of said office, in the absence of any notice on the part of claimant that he claimed to be lawfully entitled to said office and the salary thereof, or any claim or demand on the part of claimant for the payment to him of such salary for said period of time or any part thereof.
Conclusion of Law.
Upon the foregoing findings of fact, the court decide, as a conclusion of law, that the petition be dismissed. [182 U.S. 419, 423] Judgment was thereupon rendered dismissing the petition, and the case was brought to this court by appeal. The opinion below is reported 35 Ct. Cl. 90.
Mr. Wm. B. King for appellant.
Mr. Assistant Attorney General Pradt for appellee.
Mr. Chief Justice Fuller delivered the opinion of the court:
Section 39 of the act of May 2, 1890 (26 Stat. at L. 98, chap. 182), provided:
The act of March 1, 1895 (28 Stat. at L. 695, chap. 145), provided for additional judges of the court, and by 4:
Appellant was appointed a commissioner April 25, 1893, and was such on March 1, 1895. In view of the proviso he was continued in office until January 31, 1896, when he was removed by the judge of the district where he resided, and another person appointed.
He now contends that the removal was void, because the cause assigned for the action of the judge was not a 'cause prescribed by law,' and because he was given no notice of any charge against him, and no hearing, contrary to the statute.
The commissioners appointed by the judges of the United States court in the Indian territory are inferior officers, not holding their offices for life or by any fixed tenure, and they fall within the settled rule that the power of removal is incident to the power of appointment. Ex parte Hennen, 13 Pet. 230, 258, 10 L. ed. 138, 152; Parsons v. United States, 167 U.S. 324 , 42 L. ed. 185, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 880. But it is assumed that because of the language of the proviso commissioners appointed by the court prior to March 1, 1895, formed an [182 U.S. 419, 425] exceptional class from commissioners appointed by the judges of that court after that date, and hold office until they are removed for causes prescribed by existing law, or until Congress passes a law defining such causes. The latter view may be rejected at once, for the words, 'causes prescribed by law,' manifestly relate to causes prescribed when the act was approved, or at least when the removal was made. Not only is there nothing here to give them any other meaning, but it cannot be presumed that Congress intended to forbid the exercise by the judges of their power in the matter of these appointments in the instance of these particular commissioners, or to provide that they should hold office during life, or until Congress should specify causes subjecting them to removal, while all other commissioners were removable at the will of the power appointing them.
The proviso was enacted apparently out of abundant caution lest the legislation in respect of the United States court in the Indian territory might operate in itself to turn the then commissioners out of office; and if Congress had intended in addition that they should hold office free from the rule applicable to others, we think that the intention would have been plainly expressed.
The inquiry is, therefore, whether there were any causes of removal prescribed by law March 1, 1895, or at the time of the removal. If there were, then the rule would apply that where causes of removal are specified by Constitution or statute, as also where the term of office is for a fixed period, notice and hearing are essential. If there were not, the appointing power could remove at pleasure or for such cause as it deemed sufficient.
The suggestion that the proviso refers to such causes as courts might recognize as just will not do, for 'prescribed by law' is prescribed by legislative act, and removal for cause, when causes are not defined nor removal for cause provided for, is a matter of discretion, and not reviewable.
It does not appear that any causes for removal of these court officers were ever affirmatively specified by Congress; but it is said that Congress had prescribed such causes by the adoption [182 U.S. 419, 426] in the Indian territory of certain laws of Arkansas. By 31 of the act of May 2, 1890, some of those laws were put in force in the Indian territory, and by 39 the commissioners were authorized to exercise all the powers conferred by the laws of Arkansas on justices of the peace within their districts, and the provisions of chapter 91 of those laws regulating the jurisdiction of and procedure before justices of the peace were extended to that territory. By the act of March 1, 1895, these were re-enacted, and chapters 45 and 46 of Mansfield's Digest, treating of criminal law and criminal procedure, were also put in force there.
The argument is that the effect of these provisions was to put the commissioners in the place of justices of the peace in Arkansas, and that consequently the causes prescribed by law for the removal of justices of the peace must be taken as prescribed by law as causes for the removal of commissioners.
In our opinion this conclusion does not follow. In order to clothe the commissioners with the powers pertaining to justices of the peace, this was conveniently accomplished by reference, but that did not convert these officers of the United States court in the Indian territory into justices of the peace, or change the relations between them and the judges of that court. Justices of the peace in Arkansas by state Constitution and laws hold office for two years, and cannot be removed except for cause and on notice and hearing. The commissioners hold office neither for life nor for any specified time, and are within the rule which treats the power of removal as incident to the power of appointment, unless otherwise provided. By chapters 45 and 46 justices of the peace on conviction of the offenses enumerated are removable from office, but these necessarily do not include all causes which might render the removal of commissioners necessary or advisable. Congress did not provide for the removal of commissioners for the causes for which justices of the peace might be removed, and if this were to be ruled otherwise by construction the effect would be to hold the commissioners in office for life unless some of those specially enumerated causes became applicable to them. [182 U.S. 419, 427] We agree with the court of claims that this would be a most unreasonable construction, and would restrict the power of removal in a manner which there is nothing in the case to indicate could have been contemplated by Congress.
If causes of removal had been prescribed by law before the removal of appellant, that would have presented a different question, but as there were then none such the proviso did not operate to take him out of the rule expounded in Ex parte Hennen, and the mere fact that in that particular this part of the proviso was inoperative as to him did not change the result.
Judgment affirmed.
Was this helpful?
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw's Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you're ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
Search our directory by legal issue
Enter information in one or both fields (Required)


text:
Ford Cortina was a quite popular in the 1970-1980's The Western European model of the segment D. Production of family two- and four-door sedan and five-door station wagon (Kombi) Ford Taunus / Cortina began in 1970 (in Germany model called Taunus, on behalf of the prominent hill near Cologne - the location of the central office and the largest factory of the European branch of Ford, existed from 1963). Ford Cortina was produced in practically all of the then European factories Ford, and the name Cortina was given to the English version of the "right-hand drive."
Sedans of classic-style décor enjoyed good demand those times, but by the mid-1970s have been significant changes in the tastes of the public, and in January 1976 has gone into production considerably reworked design model Ford Cortina second generation. The exterior design has become even easier and more severe, narrow bumpers got rubber pads and plastic fangs, the radiator grille with its sleek negative slope is made of plastic. Style defined large rectangular block lights.
Running gear with the independent lever lobby and a rigid beam and the top inclined planes and the lower longitudinal levers of the back bridge suspended on springs and with stabilizers of cross stability provided quite acceptable characteristics of controllability (in comparison with rear-wheel FIATS). The program of carburetor engines first passed from the predecessor. Ford Cortina was available with engines "V4": 1.3 liter, 59 hp; 1.6 liter, 68, 72 and 88 hp (double carburettor); 2.0 liter, 98 hp. The most powerful was 2.3-liter V6 Type C with lower position of the camshaft and hydropushers valves, which developed up to 108 hp. In August 1979, the engines of 1.3 and 1.6 liters upgraded by equipping the cylinder head to the overhead camshafts (ONS).
10 Photos of Ford Cortina


text:
Fix your guitar tone
Fix your guitar tone
You've developed your technique, but that's just the start. Your gear's performance will make or break your sound, and with so many potential tone-sappers at play, it's time to take a look at your signal chain...
Guitar sounds in tune with open strings, but drifts out higher up the neck
If you're getting weird looks from the rest of the band and audience members when you solo, you'll want to check your intonation. First off, if your guitar doesn't have adjustable saddles on the bridge, you're out of luck here, and you'll need to get the intonation checked by a pro. If you have, however...
Change your strings, stretch them in and wait until they've settled, then you can get to work. Using a tuner, get the guitar in tune as normal, then turn your attention to the 12th fret. Fret the note, and watch the needle: you're looking for the same tuning as the open string.
If it's flat at the 12th fret, you need to tighten the horizontal screw on the string saddle to make the string's sounding length shorter. If the note is sharp, loosen the screw to make the string's length longer.
Unidentified buzzing
Guitar buzzes when you take your hand off the strings
Every conductive component in an electric guitar needs to be earthed at a common point (usually to the back of a pot), including the strings.
One of the most common causes of an irritating earthing buzz can occur when the guitar's bridge isn't earthed properly. To find your earth wire, look inside your control cavity for a wire that disappears into the body (on a Les Paul-style guitar) or is attached to the bridge/vibrato.
Bad soldering, botched modifications or just bad luck can mean that sometimes this wire gets dislodged, and when you touch your guitar strings, you earth the guitar, and the buzzing stops. Check out the wire and reattach it if it's come off. If there's no obvious detachment, replace the wire.
Crackling controls
Controls crackle when turned
Your guitar's control 'pots' (short for potentiometers) are mechanical, and have a limited lifespan. However, before you change them, it's worth giving them a clean, as dust is often the crackly culprit. You'll need to get into the control cavity and locate the dodgy control.
The metal casing for your control is exactly that – the hard work goes on inside, and that's what we need to clean. Take a look at the back of the pot, and you'll notice a small hole.
Get a can of contact cleaner, attach the straw to the nozzle of the spray can and squirt it into the guts of the pot. Give the pot some vigorous turns for 10 seconds or so, and you'll hopefully find any dust has been dislodged. This can also work on crackly pickup switches.
Rattling machineheads
Machineheads are rattling and guitar won't stay in tune
Loose machine heads can create a distracting rattling sound, and they can also allow your tuning to drift. To fix the problem, arm yourself with the appropriate screwdriver, and tighten the screws that hold the offending pegs onto the headstock.
If you're finding that the screws won't bite into the wood, you should remove the peg and glue some wood from a matchstick into the screw hole. Snap off any excess match, wait for the glue to set, and reattach the machinehead. Job's a good 'un, boss.
Electrical interference
Guitar keeps picking up electrical interference
Noise and interference can be a big problem – particularly if you're using single coils. Unfortunately, lighting, wiring, and radio signals vary from location to location, so sometimes you might have to live with it. However, you can prep your guitar to avoid interference as much as possible.
Start by checking that everything is earthed properly, because if it isn't, this will introduce annoying buzzes. Keep your jack leads and patch cables as short as possible, too (more on that later).
Finally, try shielding the inside of your control and pickup cavities (and underside of your scratchplate on a Strat). This involves using conductive paint or foil to line the inside of the cavities. You'll need to remove the pickups and controls first, but worth it, as it can be a brilliant noise-blocker!
Signal cutting out
Signal keeps cutting out
First off, check your lead by holding one end while plugged into your amp (turn your volume down). If the break still occurs when you give the cable a waggle, then you have a dead wire.
If not, the problem is in your guitar. Check that the jack- socket nut is tight and holding it in place: if not, tighten it up with pliers or a spanner. CruzTools makes the brilliant Guitar Jack And Pot tool, which will fit every fixing on your guitar.
Next, you need to look at the actual jack itself. Assuming your wiring is sound, the problem most likely lies in the terminals. The sprung steel can bend out of position over time, but it needs to be in contact with the tip and barrel of your cable for your signal to work. Plug the lead in and gently bend it back into position, so you get a tight fit when plugging in.


text:
A REALTOR® is a member of the National Association of REALTORS®. The term REALTOR® should never be used as a substitute for "real estate agent."The REALTOR® trademarks include:
The REALTOR® marks let people know that you are more than just a real estate practitioner: you adhere to a strict Code of Ethics that protects clients, the public, and other real estate agents.
The term REALTOR® is not only a trademark owned by NAR and protected by federal law, it's a valuable membership benefit that distinguishes members from other real estate licensees.
Members may use the REALTOR® marks only in the context of identifying themselves as members of NAR. To maintain the value of the marks, it's important that they be recognized by the public as identifiers of NAR members, and never used generically to denote a vocation or a business.
Members are licensed to use the marks only in connection with their real estate business and in connection with the place of business with which their membership is associated.
Non-members are never allowed to use the REALTOR® trademarks in reference to or in connection with their businesses or themselves.
Certain nominal uses of the marks are permissible. For example, newspapers, magazines, or radio or television programs may use the marks to accurately identify an individual as a member of NAR or in reference to a Member Board.
The preferred form of the term is REALTOR®—in all caps, and using the registered trademark symbol. If using the symbol isn't possible, then the next best form is in all caps: REALTOR.
The REALTOR® block 'R' logo consists of a letter R set in Futura Typeface on a sharply contrasting rectangular background to form a block "R" with the term REALTOR® centered underneath. The rectangular block and the term REALTOR® centered under that block must be the same contrasting color.
In usernames, members are allowed to use the REALTOR® marks only to indicate membership in NAR by using the marks with a member's name or with the legal name of a member broker's real estate business.
In usernames, email addresses, and domain names, the REALTOR® marks do not need to be separated from a member's name or real estate business name with punctuation, as they do elsewhere.
The marks may be used on merchandise such as T-shirts and ball caps, as long as the item includes the member's name or firm name. However, the marks may not be used in institutional advertising by franchisors.


text: Viviane Reding, the European Commissioner who for the past five years has championed consumer rights in the telecommunications arena, is to re-write the European Union's 15-year-old data protection laws.\nReding is famous for slashing the cost of roaming charges that mobile phone operators impose on subscribers who use their mobile phones abroad.\nBut her most important achievement was to re-write Europe's telecom laws. The so-called telecom package of laws was finally adopted last week after two years of often tortuous negotiations.\nIn her new role as Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship she will have to perform a similar modernizing task by bringing Europe's key data protection law, the 1995 data protection directive, up to date.\n"As telecoms commissioner she was responsible for a tiny part of the data protection area because the e-privacy directive was included in the telecoms package. Now she will take responsibility for the whole lot," said her spokesman Martin Selmayr in a telephone interview.\nCommission President Jose Manuel Barroso announced how he wants to allocate dossiers in his next five-year term in office. His team comprises one Commissioner from each of the 27 member states of the EU, who were selected by national heads of government over the past month.\nOther choices include Neelie Kroes in Reding's old job. Kroes was competition commissioner for the past five years. During that time she fought Microsoft in the long-running antitrust battle which looks set to end as Microsoft appears willing to settle.\nHer new role is likely to worry some in the telecoms industry, who believe she is less willing than Reding to fight the corner of smaller telecoms companies trying to compete against the former incumbents.\nHowever, Selmayr dismissed such concerns. "Ms Reding feels that the telecoms dossier couldn't be in better hands," he said.\nThe competition portfolio, meanwhile, goes to Joaquin Almunia, the current commissioner for economic and monetary affairs. Almunia is seen as a heavyweight player, although he and the Commission did come under some criticism during the financial crisis for failing to coordinate national governments' responses.\nMany Brussels observers predict that Almunia is likely to come up against Google during the next five years in the antitrust field, now that the Microsoft case appears to be winding down after ten years.\n\n\n"First there was IBM, then came Microsoft. The next antitrust challenge from the IT industry will probably be Google. If so Almunia will have his work cut out for him," said one person close to the Commission who asked not to be named.\nAnother key dossier for the IT and telecoms industries is the internal market job, which goes to France's Michel Barnier. This position holds responsibility for intellectual property issues including patents and copyright.\nBarnier will therefore play a pivotal role in forging a single community patent to replace the patchwork of national patents that cost European innovators so much, compared with their counterparts in the U.S., Japan and China among other countries.\nBarnier, together with Kroes, will play a key role in solving copyright problems surrounding the digitization of books. At present it is unclear which commissioner will take the lead on this important task.\nReding's new job will include responsibility for EU-wide marketing laws and what has been dubbed the 'consumer contract' - a dossier that currently falls under the duties of the consumer affairs directorate.\nThis task will keep her involved in the world of media -- and in particular online advertising -- and could provide her with the opportunity to initiate headline-grabbing new legislation similar to the roaming regulation she pioneered in her current role.\nEach commissioner still has to be vetted by the European Parliament, which has the power to reject a proposed candidate, as it proved five years ago by rejecting Italian premier Silvio Berlusconi's first choice of Rocco Buttiglione for the post Reding has been selected for.\nThe vetting will take place in the first half of January and the new team is due to take office by the end of that month.\nIf approved in her new position Reding, who comes from Luxembourg, will assume the title of Commission vice president, reflecting her seniority in the EU's executive body. It will be her third term in office. Prior to the telecoms job, she held the position of culture and media commissioner under former Commission president Romano Prodi.


text:
Server motherboards, unlike consumer motherboards, are never bought for looks. It is all about function, and the GIGABYTE GA-6PXSV3 we are reviewing today is aiming to supply enough at the lower end of the extreme workstation segment. Here we have an ATX motherboard akin to our usual socket 2011 platform but with server level features such as Xeon/RDIMM ECC support, an ASpeed AST2300 remote management controller and a focus on virtualized environments.
MSI X79A-GD45 Plus Review: Building Up
Breaking into the X79 game at this late stage is a rough business. The major action was at the Sandy Bridge-E launch, and the Ivy Bridge-E release was...44 by Ian Cutress on 2/14/2014
ASUS P9X79-E WS Review: Xeon meets PLX for 7x
Alongside their line of channel and ROG motherboards, ASUS also has business (B/Q chipset) and Workstation (WS) lines for professional markets. The goal of these products is compatibility...53 by Ian Cutress on 1/10/2014
ASUS Rampage IV Black Edition Review
When Ivy Bridge-E arrived, there was discontent at the lack of a new chipset. Users who wanted to migrate to the high performance end of the spectrum received...21 by Ian Cutress on 1/5/2014
ASUS Announces Rampage IV Black Edition, Coming 11/19
The extreme end of Intel's performance platform is a relatively small end-user market, but despite this we had requests back at Sandy Bridge-E launch to test a good number...15 by Ian Cutress on 11/8/2013
EVGA X79 Dark Review
Investing into the high performance Intel arena can be expensive. Alongside that $330/$580/$1050 CPU (or more for Xeons) there has to be a motherboard up to the task...23 by Ian Cutress on 10/23/2013
MSI 'Master Overclocking Arena' 2013: The Final
These past few days MSI has held their annual competitive overclocking event, the 'Master Overclocking Arena', in Taipei. Following a preliminary overclocking competition online, with tickets evenly distributed...3 by Ian Cutress on 10/21/2013
GIGABYTE Tease X79 Refresh: X79 G1.Assassin 3
With plenty of eyes all around IDF, there are some oppertune moments to see some exciting hardware on display. Over at VR-Zone, these eyes caught glimpst of GIGABYTE's...9 by Ian Cutress on 9/12/2013
Best X79 Motherboards, May 2013
Our next set of motherboard recommendations sit at the feet of Sandy Bridge-E, the current de-facto platform for consumer throughput performance. If you have a non-GPU accelerated workload...28 by Ian Cutress on 5/9/2013
ASRock Fatal1ty X79 Champion and X79 Professional Review: From a Gamer to Gamers
We have a long wait until Ivy Bridge-E hits the shelves, and until that point the dichotomy between the features and price of both Sandy Bridge-E and Ivy Bridge...71 by Ian Cutress on 2/9/2013
Gigabyte X79S-UP5 WiFi Review: Ultra Durable 5 Meets the C606 Chipset
As part of the Computex 2012 show, Gigabyte demonstrated to us their new version of Ultra Durable. This fifth iteration of their power delivery combines their previous features...16 by Ian Cutress on 9/6/2012
ASRock X79 Extreme11 Review: PCIe 3.0 x16/x16/x16/x16 and LSI 8-Way SAS/SATA
The end of summer marks the start of the X79 refresh line. We are, at best estimates, coming up to half-way in the Sandy Bridge-E life as the...62 by Ian Cutress on 9/3/2012
ASUS Republic of Gamers and X79 ROG Review – Rampage IV Gene, Formula and Extreme
The Republic of Gamers (ROG) brand has been on the radar for a good five years now. Initially in the form of motherboards, the ROG brand aimed to...34 by Ian Cutress on 8/3/2012
Gigabyte and the X79 Refresh
Intel's Sandy Bridge-E platform is slated to be with us well into 2013. Thus if you want the highest performing system with no expense spared, there is only...8 by Ian Cutress on 6/4/2012
V3 Gaming PC Avenger Review: A New Challenger Appears
We've had a few boutiques come through here, but what V3 Gaming PC wanted to approach us with was something different than we're used to seeing. Many of the...32 by Dustin Sklavos on 5/16/2012
MSI Big Bang-XPower II X79 Review – A World of Novelty Heatsinks
The cream of the MSI enthusiast range is the Big Bang series – in P55 we got the Trinergy and the Fuzion, for X58 we were treated to the...45 by Ian Cutress on 2/25/2012
More Sandy Bridge E Laptops: Eurocom Panther 4.0 and Maingear Titan 17
Clevo was the first in line to release Sandy Bridge E based laptop a couple of days ago, which naturally means that all the usual suspects that use Clevo's...10 by Kristian Vättö on 2/8/2012
Clevo Refreshes X7200 With X79-Based P270WM, AVADirect First in Line
Clevo's venerable X7200 notebook has gotten more than a little long in the tooth. The desktop hardware-based behemoth has been sporting the X58 chipset and support for LGA1366 processors...9 by Dustin Sklavos on 2/6/2012
ASRock X79 Extreme9 Review - Price For Performance?
When you pay more for a product, you expect a better level of everything - performance, features, support. In a motherboard, I'd want all the upgrades - top...14 by Ian Cutress on 1/24/2012
ECS X79R-AX (Black Extreme) Review
Over the past 12 months I have covered a number of ECS boards, from the Sandy Bridge and Fusion range, including one with a Hydra chip. Looking back...36 by Ian Cutress on 1/13/2012


text:
|Library Functions Manual
PCRE - Perl-compatible regular expressions
#include <pcre.h>
int pcre_exec(const pcre *code, const pcre_extra *extra, const char *subject, int length, int startoffset, int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize); int pcre16_exec(const pcre16 *code, const pcre16_extra *extra, PCRE_SPTR16 subject, int length, int startoffset, int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize); int pcre32_exec(const pcre32 *code, const pcre32_extra *extra, PCRE_SPTR32 subject, int length, int startoffset, int options, int *ovector, int ovecsize);
This function matches a compiled regular expression against a given subject string, using a matching algorithm that is similar to Perl's. It returns offsets to captured substrings. Its arguments are:
code Points to the compiled pattern
extra Points to an associated pcre[16|32]_extra structure,
or is NULL
subject Points to the subject string
length Length of the subject string
startoffset Offset in the subject at which to start matching
options Option bits
ovector Points to a vector of ints for result offsets
ovecsize Number of elements in the vector (a multiple of 3)
The units for length and startoffset are bytes for pcre_exec(), 16-bit data items for pcre16_exec(), and 32-bit items for pcre32_exec(). The options are:
PCRE_ANCHORED Match only at the first position
PCRE_BSR_ANYCRLF \R matches only CR, LF, or CRLF
PCRE_BSR_UNICODE \R matches all Unicode line endings
PCRE_NEWLINE_ANY Recognize any Unicode newline sequence
PCRE_NEWLINE_ANYCRLF Recognize CR, LF, & CRLF as newline sequences
PCRE_NEWLINE_CR Recognize CR as the only newline sequence
PCRE_NEWLINE_CRLF Recognize CRLF as the only newline sequence
PCRE_NEWLINE_LF Recognize LF as the only newline sequence
PCRE_NOTBOL Subject string is not the beginning of a line
PCRE_NOTEOL Subject string is not the end of a line
PCRE_NOTEMPTY An empty string is not a valid match
PCRE_NOTEMPTY_ATSTART An empty string at the start of the subject
is not a valid match
PCRE_NO_START_OPTIMIZE Do not do "start-match" optimizations
PCRE_NO_UTF16_CHECK Do not check the subject for UTF-16
validity (only relevant if PCRE_UTF16
was set at compile time)
PCRE_NO_UTF32_CHECK Do not check the subject for UTF-32
validity (only relevant if PCRE_UTF32
was set at compile time)
PCRE_NO_UTF8_CHECK Do not check the subject for UTF-8
validity (only relevant if PCRE_UTF8
was set at compile time)
PCRE_PARTIAL ) Return PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL for a partial
PCRE_PARTIAL_SOFT ) match if no full matches are found
PCRE_PARTIAL_HARD Return PCRE_ERROR_PARTIAL for a partial match
if that is found before a full match
For details of partial matching, see the pcrepartial page. A pcre_extra structure contains the following fields:
flags Bits indicating which fields are set
study_data Opaque data from pcre[16|32]_study()
match_limit Limit on internal resource use
match_limit_recursion Limit on internal recursion depth
callout_data Opaque data passed back to callouts
tables Points to character tables or is NULL
mark For passing back a *MARK pointer
executable_jit Opaque data from JIT compilation
The flag bits are PCRE_EXTRA_STUDY_DATA, PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT, PCRE_EXTRA_MATCH_LIMIT_RECURSION, PCRE_EXTRA_CALLOUT_DATA, PCRE_EXTRA_TABLES, PCRE_EXTRA_MARK and PCRE_EXTRA_EXECUTABLE_JIT.
There is a complete description of the PCRE native API in the pcreapi page and a description of the POSIX API in the pcreposix page.
|12 May 2013


text:
If you've been following along with our product review articles, then you know we've been supplying you with myriad cooking appliances, which has inevitably riddled your kitchen with dirty dishes. But while most homes come with a dishwasher that can competently handle your cleaning loads, newer dishwashers meet more rigorous efficiency standards, which translate to greater savings in energy and water for you. (See also: How to Clean Your Dishwasher)
A dishwasher cleans dirty dishes by spraying them with hot water, followed by a cleaning mixture composed of water and detergent. After a rinsing cycle, a heating element heats the air inside the dishwasher to dry out the clean dishes. Most tests agree that price does not typically reflect cleaning performance; even budget dishwashers do a great job of cleaning your dishes. Instead, increased price buys you quieter operation and additional bells and whistles.
According to Consumer Reports, this Kenmore Elite conventional dishwasher offers exceptional washing performance coupled with fantastic energy and water efficiency ratings.
This Kenmore model is also one of the quietest models tested by Consumer Reports. Additional features include a stainless steel tub, turbo cycle, and soil sensor. The upper rack is also adjustable, giving you more flexibility when loading your machine.
Rated well for both its ability to clean as well as its energy efficiency, owners love that the Maytag JetClean Plus dishwasher brings high-end performance without a high-end price tag. Other features include an adjustable top rack, a hard food disposer (which saves you from cleaning out a filter), and options for steam, rinse-only, and sanitary wash cycles. However, this dishwasher is a bit louder than other, more expensive models.
Considered a top pick by Good Housekeeping, the GE Profile is definitely on the higher end of the dishwasher spectrum. In passing GH's cleaning test, you can be sure that this dishwasher can handle even the toughest cleaning jobs with ease.
It's also rated well for energy efficiency to save you money. Additional features include a well-designed flatware basket for easy placement, integrated designed with a completely-hidden control panel, and a SmartDispense detergent system that allows you to pre-fill detergent for a month's worth of loads.
Good Housekeeping's choice for a budget buy, this LG dishwasher does everything you need it to, and it does it well. It doesn't come with many bells and whistles, but it does include a nice chime to mark the end of the cycle, as well as an additional rinse option.
Highly recommended by Consumer Reports, the Bosch Ascenta brings top performance, with a number of additional features, at a very competitive price.
At its foundation, it is a high-performing, highly efficient, and extremely quiet machine. It also comes with a soil sensor, delayed start function, adjustable upper rack, and integrated design. This dishwasher has a filter that requires manual cleaning, but that also serves to make it quieter.
And those are our recommendations for the best 5 dishwashers. Be sure to check out the Wise Bread Shopping Calendar to learn when and how to buy just about anything!
Disclaimer: The links and mentions on this site may be affiliate links. But they do not affect the actual opinions and recommendations of the authors.
Wise Bread is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com.


text:
Tracing the Impact of Amyloid Beta in Mild Cognitive Impairment
The amount of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brains of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is contributing to early memory loss, and increases with severity of symptoms, finds a study in BioMed Central's open access journal Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. The non-invasive study which used 18F-florbetaben to find Aβ plaques in brain scans to also show that in MCI the affect of Aβ on memory loss is independent of other aspects of mental decline.
Positron emission tomography (PET) has previously relied on carbon-11 labeling of Aβ, however this study uses 18F-florbetaben which can be used for longer and allow more patients to be scanned at lower cost. A higher than normal amount of Aβ was found in half of the PET scans of people with MCI. Interestingly there was a strong association between Aβ and memory loss, but not with other features of neurodegeneration, such as hippocampal atrophy or the white matter hyperintensities frequently seen on MRI later in the development of Alzheimer's disease.
Prof Christopher Rowe, from Austin Health, Australia and the University of Melbourne, who led the study explained why it is important, "MCI is thought to affect between one in five and one in ten of all adults over the age of 65, and, although some of these will go on to develop dementia within a few years, the majority can lead a relatively normal life. Detection of Aβ plaques in MCI indicates early Alzheimer's disease, while a negative scan eliminates this possibility. Consequently a negative scan is very reassuring while a positive scan can lead to earlier and more appropriate medical and social management."
Labels: amyloid-beta, austin-health, christopher-rowe, university-of-melbourne


text:
Body Glove FL20
These rubberized Body Glove FL20 sunglasses with polarized, scratch-resistant lenses were designed for sun, fun, comfort, and function. The hydrophobic lens coating repels water and oil, and the soft rubber nose pads and non-slip temple tips keep glasses secure while you enjoy the view.
- Eyeglass case included
- Cleaning cloth included
- Floats in water
- 100% UVA/UVB protection
* We are unable to ship this item outside the U.S.
- Frame Type: Full Frame
- Age Range: Adult
- Lens Type: Polarized
- Frame Shape: Wrap
- Frame Material: Plastic
- Brand: Body Glove
Frame Size
Have a Frame That Fits?
Frame measurements may have slight differences depending on the options selected above.
Body Glove FL20Review Stars
Similar Products:
No similar products available
Similar Products:
No similar products available


text:
Library Search
The NRFC Library is a collection of materials to build a knowledge base around fathers, fatherhood, and operating a Responsible Fatherhood program. It also houses all resources created by the NRFC, including fact sheets, PSAs, and past webinars.
Use the search options provided below to find resources that you are interested in.
Research to date provides little information about effects on children when fathers return home from prison or jail, especially whether children's behavioral problems persist when the father returns. To help fill this gap, this brief explores children's behaviors when a father is incarcerated…


text:
Tranquila Bonita Camp Cup
|Minimum Cart Quantity
|Wholesale Price
|Minimum Cart Amount
|Cart Discount
Stainless Steel Camp Cup
Color: White
Puerto Rico local brand established since 2018, this couple Ivis and Angel, turn ideas into high quality products.
Unique designs and fresh styles that seek a difference by combining a message of positivism with their passion for nature and a retro touch.
The products are printed using DTG (Direct To Garment) or Direct Printing technology. This innovative printing technique paints the fabric directly. After a sealing process the fabric absorbs the ink, thus creating a solid, soft, bright and extremely durable print. This digital technology also allows to work in an infinite amount of colors per design and requires the highest quality of materials in our products to be printed. With these tools we work every day so that art and quality are reflected in each product.


text:
How to Install Natural Stone TileUpdated: May 01, 2023
Tile a tub surround with beautiful marble tile in a weekend—without spending a fortune
You might also like: TBD
- Time
- Complexity
- Cost
- Multiple Days
- Intermediate
- Varies
Step 1: Select a stone and a design
For our tub surround, we chose polished 12-in. square marble tile and unpolished 1-in. square limestone accent tiles. We cut the 4-in. square accent tiles and 3 x 12-in. border tiles from the 12-in.marble. You can mix and match stone or buy ready-made patterns at tile stores. Tile dealers usually have sample displays where you can find ideas, or they'll steer you to designers who can guide you through the vast maze of materials. Just keep a few basics in mind: Lay out each wall on graph paper, tile for tile; start the pattern from a center line (Photo 5); and use tiles that are all the same thickness and that use the same grout. Plan to use unsanded grout for grout lines up to 1/8 in. wide and sanded grout for wider lines. The grout lines in our pattern ranged from 1/16 in. to 1/8 in.
Prices for natural stone wall tile range from inexpensive to exorbitant, but keep in mind that expensive stone isn't necessarily better – it's just less common. Granite is much harder and more durable than marble and limestone, but curves and holes are tougher to cut and require somewhat different techniques. You have to use diamond-blade tools only, not the carbide-grit hole saws and jigsaw blades we show here for marble.
Before beginning any work on the walls, protect the tub. Tubs are easily chipped and scratched and expensive to repair. Cover the tub with tape around the edges, and lay a 58-in. long piece of 1/2-in. plywood over rigid insulation or heavy cardboard on the tub rim. Replace it with a dropcloth during tiling, and check frequently in the bottom of the tub for debris that might scratch the finish.
Figure A:
Tile/tub details
Step 2: Install the tile backer
Photo 1: Cut the cement board
Mark the tub wall lengths on the cement board and score one side with a utility knife. Snap at the line and cut the fiberglass mesh backing, just as you would with drywall. Smooth ragged edges with the knife or drywall rasp.
Photo 2: Attach the cement board to the studs
Fasten the cement board to the studs with special 1-1/4 in. screws (or 1-1/2 in. roofing nails). Keep fasteners 1/2 in. from the edges, and install nailers in the corners if necessary to ensure adequate backing.
Photo 3: Mark holes and cut outs
Measure and mark the hole centers, then use a compass to trace them. Cut the spout and shower head holes with a 1-1/4 in. carbide-grit hole saw; cut larger holes and curves with a carbide-grit jigsaw blade.
Photo 4: Tape the joints
Tape cement board joints with special mesh tape. Mix a batch of thin-set mortar and cover the tape with one thin coat.
The first step is installing tile backer on the wall. We like to use cement board for areas that have to withstand frequent wetting such as a shower, but other types of tile backers will work as well. Check with your local building inspector for the approved types in your region. Add blocking if necessary to make sure your cement board ends catch at least 1/2 in. of framing. And add extra blocking to catch screws from grab bars if you intend to put some up. Small quantities of moisture can wick through tiled walls, and grout and caulk may develop cracks over time from building movement, so staple either a No. 15 felt or 4-mil polyethylene vapor barrier behind the cement board.
Measure each section of wall, subtract 1/4 in. to compensate for rough edges, and cut the cement board (Photo 1). Cement board consists of two layers of fiberglass mesh sandwiched around a cement and sand core. Score one side to cut the fiberglass mesh, then snap it like drywall. You'll dull your knife blades, so have a few extra handy or buy a special carbide scoring tool that'll last a lot longer. Set the cement board on the tub flange, then screw it to the studs about every 8 in. with special cement board screws (available at tile stores and home centers).
It's easiest to make clean hole cutouts or curves with a carbide-grit jigsaw blade and a 1-1/4 in. carbide-grit hole saw. But in a pinch, you can use the crude, messy method of scoring the front and back of the hole and breaking it out with a hammer.
Use a special alkali-resistant mesh tape and thin-set mortar to cover the joints (Photo 4), including the joint at the drywall. Use regular joint compound in areas that won't be fully covered by tile. Prime regular joint compound before tiling.
Step 3: Mark the tile layout
Draw a plumb line at the center of the back wall, then measure over to the side to see how many tiles will fit. You want to end up with at least half a tile at each corner, so depending on the size of your tile, either place the edge of your first tile at the center line, or center a tile over it as we did (Photo 5).
If your tub is perfectly level, draw a level horizontal line at the height of one tile plus 1/8 in. (for caulk) above the rim. If the tub isn't level, find the low point, and start your horizontal guideline from that point. You'll then have to shave most tiles in the bottom row as you go to maintain the 1/8-in. gap. This is where the diamond saw comes in handy!
Draw additional lines for feature tiles or pattern changes. Remember to double-check horizontal and vertical lines to make sure they form true squares. Any sloppiness with the level at this point will cause headaches later during tiling.
Lay out the end walls so that cut tiles fall in the corner, where they're less obvious. Our installation called for a 3-in. border tile, which we ran down the side of the tub, so we drew a plumb line 3-1/8 in. from the tub (remember to leave a caulk gap next to the tub), then worked back to the corner with full tiles, ending up with a 7-in. cut tile. The two basic rules for layouts are to hide cut edges whenever possible, and to make a layout that looks symmetrical and pleasing to the eye.
Hold to these lines as you work up the walls, and make slight adjustments in the corner tile cuts and grout lines as you go. Stand back every once in a while to look over the wall, and straighten any tiles that seem off.
Step 4: Install the tile
Photo 5: Following the layout, begin tiling
Mark level and plumb layout lines. Evenly spread several square feet of thin-set mortar with a 1/4-in. x 3/8-in. notched trowel held at about a 45-degree angle. Shim the first row about 1/8 in. above the tub to allow space for caulk.
Photo 6: Check mortar coverage
Align the tile with your layout lines and push each in firmly. Pull one off occasionally to make sure you're getting complete coverage.
Mix the mortar according to instructions on the bag. Marble and natural stone are installed with thin-set mortar mixed with latex additives for better bonding. Use white mortar for light-colored stone; darker mortars can darken the stone.
Use a 1/4 x 3/8-in. square notch trowel for 12-in. square marble tile. Hold the trowel at a 45-degree angle to create deep ridges (Photo 5). Spread no more than you can tile in 15 minutes or so. If the mud skins over and doesn't adhere, scrape it off and put a fresh batch on.
Use 1/8-in. spacers to hold the first row of tiles up off the tub (we used nails), then place tile spacers between the tiles to create even grout lines. Thin-set mortar doesn't grab right away; the tiles will slip down if unsupported. We used 1/16-in. spacers for tight grout lines between the 12-in. squares and 1/8-in. spacers in the decorative band (Photo 12). The 1-in. tiles were mounted on mesh. We used 4d finish nails to anchor them until the mortar set (Photo 12).
Step 5: Cutting technique
Photo 8: Make straight cuts with a wet saw
Set the fence to width and make straight cuts with a diamond blade wet saw. Cut slowly. Smooth the cut edges of marble with 200-grit wet/dry sandpaper.
Photo 9: Use a hole saw for small holes
Cut the hole for the tub and shower spouts with the 1-1/4 in. carbide-grit hole saw. Use light pressure to avoid cracking the tile.
Photo 10: Cut carefully near edges
Start cuts near narrow edges with the wet saw to avoid breaking the tile. Grind rough edges smooth if necessary with the saw blade.
Cuts are simple and straightforward with a diamond blade wet saw (Photo 8). But push the tile through slowly. Part of the visual charm of marble is its flaws and fracture lines, but these are also weak points where the stone can easily break, especially at the end of a cut. You may have to cut in from each end about an inch before completing cuts (Photo 10).
Saw cuts leave slightly rough edges. Smooth these with 200-grit wet/dry sandpaper. (For granite, use a special rub stone.)
Cutting the holes for the tub spout, faucet and shower head can be tricky (Photos 9 – 11). Some marble tiles are fragile, so fully support the tile with plywood when cutting or drilling it. And work carefully near brittle edges and corners. Keep in mind that you can have a tile store do these cuts for you if you don't want to attempt them.
Step 6: Grouting pulls it all together
Photo 12: Use spacers to create grout lines
Lay in the special feature tiles following layout lines. Use bigger spacers if the grout lines are wider, or tap in nails to keep small tiles from slipping.
After the tiles have set for at least a day, the wall is ready to grout. Pull out all the spacers and clean off any mortar on the tile faces or projecting from the grout lines. Then coat the marble with a grout remover or tile sealer to prevent staining and to make grout removal easier.
Mix the grout (with water only for marble) to a smooth peanut butter consistency, and let it sit for the time listed in the directions. Don't mix the whole container of grout at once. Start with a quarter or third of a container, and mix more as you need it. Remix, then work it into the grout joints with a special grout float (Photo 13). This is fairly hard work—use two hands and pack the joints full. Then scrape the edge of the float diagonally across the tile to remove excess.
Stop after about 15 minutes and clean the grout off the surface with a damp (not wet) tiling sponge, rubbing it in a circular motion. Be careful not to wipe out the grout from the joints. Keep a little grout on hand to fill in air bubbles and voids. Rinse the sponge often, but don't worry about getting the tile perfectly clean yet.
Wipe grout into the joint between the trim and drywall to create a finished-looking edge. Then clean all grout from the corners and the joint along the tub. You'll caulk these joints later (Photo 14).
After an hour, polish the haze off the tile with a dry towel. Some of the grout lines may look a little sloppy—rub the edges with the towel to sharpen the lines. Then wet down the tile and grout lines once a day for the next few days to help the grout cure. Finally, apply a tile sealer according to manufacturer's directions.
Step 7: Caulk and finish
Photo 14: Caulk the corners
Press tape along each side at all the corners. Squeeze kitchen and bath caulk into the joints, smooth them, then immediately remove the tape.
After the grout has dried for at least a day, fill all corners with a caulk designed for tubs and tile. (Check tile stores for a color that matches your grout.) Taping the edges of the caulk lines gives you cleaner, more precise caulk lines (Photo 14). Just remember to remove the tape as soon as you finish smoothing. Caulk starts skinning over within a few minutes, and if you wait too long, the tape will smear caulk on the wall.
Caulk the joint between the tub base and floor as well. The floor under our tub had a 1/4-in. sag in the center that was too large for a good-looking caulk joint. So we covered the edge with a limestone trim piece—a standard floor threshold with one edge cut square (Photo 15).
If you wish, buy soap dishes or towel bars and mount them with silicone at comfortable heights. Tape them in place overnight until the silicone sets, then caulk around the edges.
Finally, install the faucet trim and tub and shower spouts, plug in the tub, and enjoy the fruits of your labor—if you can get in before someone else does!
Required Tools for this Project
Have the necessary tools for this DIY project lined up before you start—you'll save time and frustration.
- Grout float
- Jigsaw
- Level
- Notched trowel
- Taping knife
- Utility knife
Required Materials for this Project
Avoid last-minute shopping trips by having all your materials ready ahead of time. Here's a list.
- 4 mil poly
- Alkali-resistant mesh tape
- Caulk
- Cement board screws
- Thin-set mortar
- Tile backer board
- Tile Sealer
- Tile spacers