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Goat Cheese Brownies {revisited}
December 4, 2012
If I had my own goat(s) I'd be ridiculously content with life. So much, in fact, that any placid contentment would quickly morph into an unfounded fear that a storm was brewing on the horizon. Too much happiness scares me. So for now I'll hold off on snatching up one of the adorable pygmy goats that I pass by once a week- grazing adorably in a field- next to an equally adorbs rustic cabin. *Super-jealous*
I'm not sure if my obsession with goats has anything to do with my equally absurd obsession with their cheese (does it matter?), I love both. I smear the crumbly, creamy, earthy cheese on just about everything, from crackers to bagels, to dark chocolate bars. So making this recipe again didn't take very much arm pulling.
It was more like: "Valerie, will you make those goat ch..." Me: "ok."
These brownies are...what? They're just amazing. Their texture is a wee bit cakey, but that slight brownie indiscretion is completely forgivable thanks to the goat cheese. If you like cream cheese-swirl brownies, I honestly believe that you will adore this upgraded version! They're rich, yet humble- comforting, yet edgy. And who could not fall head over heels for a brownie that's smothered with goat cheese and honey frosting?
goat cheese brownies adapted from Better Homes & Gardens
brownie layer
8 oz semi-sweet chocolate, chopped
3 Tablespoons unsalted butter, cut into 3 pieces
2 eggs
1 1/4 cups sugar
1/3 cup whole milk
1 tsp. pure vanilla extract
1 cup all-purpose flour
3/4 tsp. baking Powder
1/2 tsp. salt
1 cup chopped walnuts or pecans (optional)
cheese layer
6 oz goat cheese, softened to room temperature
2 Tablespoons unsalted butter, softened to room temperature
1/4 cup sugar
1/4 cup all-purpose flour
2 Tablespoons honey
1 egg
Preheat the oven to 325 F. Line a 9x13-inch pan with foil, butter the foil and set the pan aside.
Prepare the brownie layer: Fill a saucepan with about 1-inch of water and bring to just a simmer. Place the chopped chocolate and 3 Tablespoons of butter into a heat-proof bowl. Set the bowl over the saucepan (be sure that the bottom of the bowl does not touch the water).
Melt the chocolate and butter, stirring occasionally, until smooth. As soon as it's smooth, remove the bowl from the heat and set it aside to cool as you prepare the cheese layer.
Cheese layer:In a medium-size bowl, beat the cheese and 2 Tablespoons of butter on medium speed for about 1 minute (just to combine). Add 1/4 cup of sugar and beat on medium speed until fluffy. Add 1/4 cup of flour, honey, and 1 egg. Beat well (about 2-4 minutes). Set the bowl aside.
Back to the brownie layer: Beat the 2 eggs on medium speed till foamy. Add 1 1/4 cups of sugar, milk, and vanilla extract. Beat on medium speed for about 2 minutes. Add the cooled, melted chocolate. Beat till combined. Using a large spatula, stir in 1 cup of flour, baking Powder, salt, and nuts (if using).
Spread half of the chocolate batter into prepared pan. [Note: I added the entire thing by accident and it still turned out okay.]
Spread the cheese filling over the chocolate batter.
Using large spoon-filled dollops, drop the remaining chocolate batter over the cheese filling.
Drag a thin metal spatula through both the cheese and chocolate mixtures. Try not to overdo it, a few swirls here and there will go a long way.
Bake for 40-45 minutes, or until the center is set.
Remove the pan from the oven and onto a cooling rack. Cool completely before frosting.
Frosting Ingredients
4 oz of goat cheese, softened to room temperature
1/4 cup (that's 4 Tablespoons) unsalted butter, at room temperature
2 cups of confectioners' sugar (have at least one more cup on hand, just in case the frosting is too thin)
2 Tablespoons of honey
1 Tablespoon of milk
In a large bowl, beat the softened goat cheese and butter together on medium-low speed till creamy. It may look chunky at first, but it'll smooth out once everything is combined.
Add the confectioners' sugar in 1/2 cup increments, beating well after each addition. [If you add it all at once, the sugar will go everywhere.]
Once 2 cups of sugar have been incorporated, add the honey and milk. Beat on medium-high speed until creamy.
If the frosting is too thin, add more sugar in 1/4 cup increments until it reaches the correct consistency. If you prefer a thick frosting, add more sugar.
Spread over the cooled brownies and cut into squares.
Makes about 32 brownies
37 comments:
Very unique and very delicious! It would be so fun to have a goat, I want chickens too!ReplyDelete
Yep I think I would be deliriously happy with my own goat as well. That being said, those brownies look like my kind of brownie. Goat cheese and brownies together sound like magic!ReplyDelete
Divine! That topping is wonderful. Have to try that soon...ReplyDelete
well, Valerie, we could be twins.ReplyDelete
from a VERY YOUNG AGE I have always wanted my own goat. the reasons have changed (I wanted it as a pet, now I want it as a lawn mower, pet and for my favorite cheese...)
I have a long and ever changing list of recipe ideas, and scrawled on there is "goat cheese brownies" - a mashup of two of my favorite things.
I cannot wait to try this!
Love the frosting, goat cheese butter, honey....slathered on top of a chocolate brownie...I'm listening-you've got my attention all the way here ;-)ReplyDelete
Valerie these look to-die for good! First the goat cheese itself has got to be just tangy perfection in them, balancing the chocolate. And the brownies look dense, fudgy, rich & perfect!ReplyDelete
Beautiful brownies, Valerie! That topping looks so creamy and finger-licking good! :)ReplyDelete
I just ran into your blog through Pinterest and I must say that I am in LOVE. I am also completely ga-ga over goat cheese (more than with goats I must say), and really (really!) need to make these asap.ReplyDelete
Believe it or not, my cousin and her husband raise goats. It's actually a lot of work, but they love it. I think they'd love it even more if they saw this recipe. These brownies look fantastic.ReplyDelete
Even before I saw your gorgeous photos I knew that I would love - LOVE! - these brownies! I'm swooning over them - what a great flavor combo!ReplyDelete
You've convinced me, and although I don't usually frost my brownies, I imagine the goat cheese really cuts the sweetness of the brownies, great idea!ReplyDelete
OMG! you never cease to amaze me with your fantastic baked goods - these look fabulous and are so creative!ReplyDelete
Bobby Flay did a brownie throwdown against the VT Brownie Co (I think that's the name), and their signature brownie was swirled with goat cheese! So this is not a foreign concept to me, but I've never seen it anywhere else. YUM!ReplyDelete
Goat cheese and honey on a brownie?! OMG sounds so good! : )ReplyDelete
your brownies look so rich and delicious and the frosting is drool worthy for sure.ReplyDelete
I would never have thought of using goat cheese for a topping because of its sharpness but I will take your enthusiastic word for it that it works. They certainly look good.ReplyDelete
I LOVE goat cheese but somehow have never baked with it - I see these brownies in my near future!ReplyDelete
absolutely stunning!ReplyDelete
i adore goat cheese, it's a cheese i can actually consume! it's never once occurred to me to use it for icing/frosting. these are to die for!ReplyDelete
LOVE these brownies! Goat cheese here I come!ReplyDelete
Valerie, I've never actually made goat cheese brownies before! This is all new to me! I love goat's cheese, so I'm sure I will love this, too!ReplyDelete
I'm not a huge fan of goat cheese but I would totally try this recipe in my garden kitchen - your images are fabulous and I can't wait to stop back!ReplyDelete
Goat cheese and honey frosting?? Amazing! I hope you get a goat for Christmas :)ReplyDelete
Love that you incorporated goat cheese in this dessert! I am a bit obsessed with goat cheese and love it each time I have it, especially with a glass of sauvignon blanc. Lovely photos!!ReplyDelete
Lol! You are killing me! Me and my sister have a little goat obsession, I thought we were the only ones. These brownies look awesome! Who doesn't love goat cheese?ReplyDelete
Goat cheese with brownies - very creative! They look gorgeous!ReplyDelete
I dream of going back to Italy to live and having a farm. And it will have plenty of goats:)Love these luscious brownies:)ReplyDelete
Count me in: I want to have my goats too. I should tell it to Santa... I do buy goat milk from a family about 20 miles away, but the milk and cheese worth driving there. I just made 4 lb chevre, ricotta, and farmer's cheese. I had a friend over, and she asked me what was I draining above the sink. I told her that it was homemade cheese. "why don't you buy it?" she looked confused... Well, how could I explain why? :)ReplyDelete
Um... WOW! You creative creature, you... this is freakin' fantabulous! I can't describe how much I love goat cheese, and goats!ReplyDelete
My grandma used to have goats back home in Macedonia, in this tiny mountainous village... the happiest days of my life were spent there. I even milked the goats. :)
These brownies are so pretty! Like they are snow-covered - how appropriate for the season!ReplyDelete
As a lover of both goat cheese and chocolate all I can say is wooooowww!! What a unique and creative combination. Thanks so much for sharing.ReplyDelete
I feel pretty much the same about goat cheese...not sure I could handle the goats though :) However, I could handle a few of these delicious beauties!ReplyDelete
Geeze, Val, somehow I missed these beautiful gems! What a delicious recipe...just added to my must make list!!!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousMay 6, 2013 at 1:19 AM
Valerie, I'm a bit late in coming to the party (only just discovered your blog now!) but these brownies look incredible. I love, love, love goats cheese (I spend a fortune on the stuff) so the combination of rich chocolate with the honeyed goats cheese sounds like heaven! Have you bought a goat yet? I'd be quite happy to go halves in a goats dairy with you! :)ReplyDelete
@Laura: Still no goat, sadly. But your offer sounds promising. :DReplyDelete
Great recipe.ReplyDelete
We do have goats, and bees. We feel blesses every day to live in gods country. Now that the diary goats have kidded, it's time to think about new ways to use their milk!
I'll post a link on our farm page on FB too.
Thanks, Patty! (How wonderful that you have your own goats!) :DReplyDelete
Thanks for visiting, and for taking the time to read through my ramblings!
If you have a recipe comment or question, I'd love to hear from you.
Happy Baking!
♥ Valerie


text: Romanticism and the Sciences by Robert Mitchell Submitted by rc-admin on Tue, 04/19/2016 - 10:44 Robert Mitchell collects and discusses eight wide-ranging approaches to the subject of Romanticism and the Sciences: Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1998) Alan Bewell, Wordsworth and the Enlightenment: Nature, Man, and Society in the Experimental Poetry (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989) Georges Canguilhem, "The Living and its Milieu," Grey Room 3 (2001): 7-31 Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population: Lectures at the College de France, 1977-78, trans. G. Burchell; ed. M. Senellart (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007) Denise Gigante, "The Monster in the Rainbow: Keats and the Science of Life," PMLA 117 (2002): 433–448 Friedrich Kittler, Discourse Networks 1800/1900 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990) Phillip Mirowksi, More Heat than Light: Economics as Social Physics; Physics as Nature's Economics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989) Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985) Read more about Romanticism and the Sciences by Robert Mitchell

subset: commoncrawl


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Personalised your baby and kids' Yoyo with our liner in our Shiny Peacock print. Give a unique touch to your stroller while you keep your baby and kids fresh. It comes in shades of green or pink.
- 96% Cotton 4% elastane, lining: 40% cotton, 60% polyester
- OEKO-Tex 100 Certified
- Machine washable on a gentle cycle
- Ethically made by craftsmen in Spain
- Always use this cover to cover the original, never as a substitute


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2CV from Din Sync demonstrates some of the sweet analog sounds which can be produced with a few simple mods made to a Korg Monotron. For those unfamiliar, the Monotron, is a pocket-sized analog synth well suited for hacking/modding.
This little ribbon-controlled unit seems more than a little bit inspired by Gakken's popular SX-150 analog stylus synth, but unlike the SX, the Monotron comes fully assembled and is much more compact. Overall a very cool design, but really the best feature is revealed once you open up this things enclosure – the PCB's most hackable points are all clearly labelled:
Here's hoping this sparks a trend and more manufacturers realize how many of their customers have soldering irons (and want to use them!)
Check out 2CV's write-up and simple schematic for Monotron CV inputs over at DinSync.info
In the Maker Shed:


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Apple ha rilasciato nuovi iMac basati sulla quarta generazione di processori Intel quad-core (nome in codice Ashwell). L'aggiornamento porta anche nuove schede grafiche, wi-fi in standard 802.11ac, e soluzioni di storage SSD piú performanti. I nuovi iMac sono già disponibili sugli Apple Online Store e presso molti Apple Premium Reseller e rivenditori autorizzati. Scopriamo tutti i dettagli nel comunicato stamp ufficiale (per ora in inglese) …
CUPERTINO, California—September 24, 2013—Apple® today updated iMac® with fourth generation Intel quad-core processors, new graphics, next generation Wi-Fi and faster PCIe flash storage options. The updated iMac brings the latest technology to the stunningly thin design and gorgeous display of the world's leading all-in-one desktop.
"iMac continues to be the example that proves how beautiful, fast and fun a desktop computer can be," said Philip Schiller, Apple's senior vice president of Worldwide Marketing. "Inside its ultra-thin aluminum enclosure, the new iMac has the latest Intel processors, faster graphics, next generation 802.11ac Wi-Fi and faster PCIe flash storage."
The entry-level 21.5-inch iMac features a 2.7 GHz quad-core Intel Core i5 processor and new Iris Pro graphics for unprecedented levels of integrated graphics performance. The high-end 21.5-inch model and both 27-inch models feature quad-core Intel Core i5 processors up to 3.4 GHz and NVIDIA GeForce 700 series graphics with twice the video memory and up to 40 percent faster performance than the previous generation.* Customers looking for the ultimate in performance can upgrade to quad-core Intel Core i7 processors up to 3.5 GHz and NVIDIA GeForce GTX 780M series graphics with up to 4GB of video memory.
iMac now supports next generation 802.11ac Wi-Fi. When connected to an 802.11ac base station, iMac delivers wireless performance that is up to three times faster than the previous generation.
The updated iMac now features support for PCIe-based flash storage that makes Fusion Drive and all-flash storage options up to 50 percent faster than the previous generation.* The popular Fusion Drive option combines the large storage capacity of a hard drive with the high performance of flash to deliver shorter boot times and faster access to apps and files. Customers can configure their iMac with a 1TB or 3TB Fusion Drive, and all-flash storage options are now available in configurations up to 1TB.
iMac comes standard with 8GB of memory and a 1TB hard drive, and customers can choose to configure their iMac with up to 32GB of memory and up to a 3TB hard drive. iMac also comes with two Thunderbolt and four USB 3.0 ports for connecting to external storage and other high performance peripherals.
Continuing Apple's commitment to energy efficiency and the environment, iMac meets stringent Energy Star 5.2 requirements and achieves an EPEAT Gold rating.** iMac features LED-backlit displays that are mercury-free and made with arsenic-free glass. iMac includes PVC-free components and cables, contains no brominated flame retardants, and uses highly recyclable materials and material-efficient packaging designs.
iMac ships with OS X® Mountain Lion, bringing Messages, Notification Center, system-wide Sharing, AirPlay® Mirroring, Dictation, Game Center and the enhanced security of Gatekeeper to your Mac®. With iCloud® built into the foundation of OS X, Mountain Lion makes it easier than ever to keep your content up to date across your Mac, iPhone®, iPad® and iPod touch®.
Pricing & Availability
The new iMac is available today through the Apple Online Store (www.apple.com), Apple's retail stores and select Apple Authorized Resellers. The 21.5-inch iMac is available with a 2.7 GHz quad-core Intel Core i5 with Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.2 GHz and Intel Iris Pro for a suggested retail price of $1,299 (US); and with a 2.9 GHz quad-core Intel Core i5 with Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.6 GHz and NVIDIA GeForce GT 750M for a suggested retail price of $1,499 (US). The 27-inch iMac is available with a 3.2 GHz quad-core Intel Core i5 with Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.6 GHz and NVIDIA GeForce GTX 755M for a suggested retail price of $1,799 (US); and with a 3.4 GHz quad-core Intel Core i5 with Turbo Boost speeds up to 3.8 GHz and NVIDIA GeForce GTX 775M for a suggested retail price of $1,999 (US). Additional technical specifications, configure-to-order options and accessories are available online at www.apple.com/imac.
*Testing conducted by Apple in September 2013 using preproduction iMac configurations. For more information visit www.apple.com/imac/features.
**Claim based on energy efficiency categories and products listed within the EPA Energy Star 5.2 energy database as of September 2013. EPEAT is an independent organization that helps customers compare the environmental performance of notebooks and desktops. Products meeting all of the required criteria and at least 75 percent of the optional criteria are recognized as EPEAT Gold products. The EPEAT program was conceived by the US EPA and is based on IEEE 1680 standard for Environmental Assessment of Personal Computer Products. For more information visit www.epeat.net.


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Strong political will among Council of Europe member States has shaped the Organisation's work against corruption over more than a decade, leading to the adoption of a set of comprehensive standard setting instruments and the establishment of an effective monitoring body.
Several milestones have marked the development of this work since 1981, when the Committee of Ministers recommended to take measures against economic crime (including, inter alia, bribery) (Recommendation No. R (81) 12). In 1994 the Ministers of Justice of Council of Europe member States (19th Conference, Valletta) agreed that corruption should be addressed at European level, as it poses a serious threat to the stability of democratic institutions. The Council of Europe, as the pre-eminent European institution defending democracy, the rule of law and human rights, was called upon to respond to the threat. The Ministers were convinced that an effective fight against corruption must take a broad approach and recommended that a Multidisciplinary Group on Corruption (GMC) be set up to prepare a comprehensive programme of action against corruption and to examine the possibility of drafting legal instruments in this field, referring expressly to the importance of elaborating a follow-up mechanism to implement the undertakings contained in them.
With the creation of the Multidisciplinary Group on Corruption (GMC) in September 1994, under the responsibility of the European Committee on Crime Problems (CDPC) and the European Committee on Legal Co-operation (CDCJ), the fight against corruption was firmly established as one of the Council of Europe's priorities.
In November 1996, the Committee of Ministers adopted the Programme of Action against Corruption prepared by the GMC and set the deadline for its implementation at 31 December 2000. The Committee of Ministers welcomed in particular the planned elaboration of one or more international conventions to combat corruption and the intention to foresee a follow-up mechanism to implement undertakings contained in them.
In June 1997, the Ministers of Justice of Council of Europe member States (21st Conference, Prague) expressed concern about new trends in modern criminality, in particular the organised, sophisticated and transnational character of certain criminal activities. Fighting organised crime necessarily implied an adequate response to corruption. Moreover, the fact that corruption may endanger the stability of democratic institutions and the moral foundations of society was also emphasised. Consequently, the Ministers recommended that efforts be intensified to ensure early adoption of a criminal law convention providing for a co-ordinated criminalisation of corruption offences and for enhanced cooperation in the prosecution of offences. They further recommended to the Committee of Ministers that an effective follow-up mechanism, open to member States and non-member States of the Council of Europe on an equal footing, be provided for.
In October 1997, the Heads of State and Government of the member States of the Council of Europe (Second Summit, Strasbourg) decided that common responses to the challenges posed by the growth in corruption and organised crime should be sought. They instructed the Committee of Ministers to adopt guiding principles to be applied in the development of domestic legislation and practice, to secure the rapid completion of international legal instruments pursuant to the Programme of Action against Corruption and to establish without delay an appropriate and efficient mechanism for monitoring observance of the guiding principles and implementation of the relevant international instruments.
In November 1997, the Committee of Ministers (101st Session, Strasbourg) adopted Resolution (97) 24 on the twenty guiding principles for the fight against corruption and instructed the GMC to submit without delay a draft text proposing the establishment of an appropriate and efficient mechanism for monitoring the observance and implementation of the Council of Europe's anti-corruption standard setting instruments.
In March 1998, the GMC, having taken account of the opinions of the CDCJ and the CDPC, approved a draft Agreement establishing the "Group of States against Corruption – GRECO". In May 1998, the Committee of Ministers (102nd Session, Strasbourg) authorised the establishment of the "Group of States against Corruption – GRECO" in the form of an enlarged partial agreement and on 1 May 1999, GRECO was set up by the following 17 founding members : Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden. Since, its membership has grown considerably.
Valletta, 1994
- 19th Conference of European Ministers of Justice: corruption to be addressed at European level
Strasbourg, 1995
- Establishment of the Multidisciplinary Group on Corruption
Strasbourg, 1996
- Programme of Action against Corruption
Prague, 1997
- 21st Conference of European Ministers of Justice: anti-corruption efforts to be intensified through standard setting and monitoring
Strasbourg, 1997
- 2nd Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe member States: common principles to prevent and combat corruption and organised crime are to be sought
- Resolution (97) 24 on Twenty Guiding Principles against Corruption
Strasbourg, 1999
- Establishment of GRECO on 1 May 1999
- Criminal Law Convention (ETS 173) and Civil Law Convention (ETS 174) on Corruption opened for signature
Strasbourg, 2000
- Recommendation on Codes of Conduct for Public Officials (Recommendation No. R (2000) 10)
Strasbourg, 2003
- Recommendation on Common Rules against Corruption in the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns (Recommendation Rec(2003)4)
- Additional Protocol to the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 191) opened for signature


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...and much, much more.There is a receptor site in almost every cell in the human body for Growth Hormone.
...and much, much more.There is a receptor site in almost every cell in the human body for Growth Hormone.
Human growth hormone was first discovered in 1920 and has long been thought by the medical community to be necessary only to stimulate the body to full adult size and therefore unnecessary past the age of 20. Recent studies, however, have overturned this notion completely, discovering instead that the natural decline of HgH, from ages 21 to 61 (the average age at which there is only a trace left in the body) and is one of the main reasons why the the body ages and fails to regenerate itself to its young adult state. Modern medical science now regards aging as a disease that is treatable and can be delayed, and that "aging", the disease, is actually a compilation of various diseases and pathologies, from everything, like a rise in blood glucose and pressure to diabetes, skin wrinkling and so on. All of these aging symptoms can be stopped and rolled back by maintaining Growth Hormone levels in the blood at the same levels HgH existed in the blood when we were a young adult.
In 1997, a group of doctors and scientists, developed an all-natural source product Growth Hormone Releaser (GHR) which would cause your own natural HgH to be released again and do all the remarkable things it did for you in your 20's. Now available to every adult for about the price of a coffee and donut a day. GHR is now available in America, just in time for the aging Baby Boomers and everyone else from age 30 to 100 who doesn't want to age rapidly but would rather stay young, beautiful and healthy all of the time. The new HgH releasers are winning converts from the synthetic HgH users as well, since GHR is just as effective for anti-aging purposes, is in capsules (oral), instead of self-injectable, and is very affordable and non-prescription. GHR is a natural releaser, has no known side effects, unlike the synthetic version and has no known drug interactions. With GHR, your body controls how much HgH is released and shuts it down at a very safe level, so the safety of the product is very high. Progressive doctors admit that this is the direction medicine is seeking to go, to get the body to heal itself instead of employing drugs. GHR is truly a revolutionary paradigm shift in medicine and, like any modern leap frog advance, many others will be left in the dust holding their limited, or useless drugs and remedies. It is now thought that HgH is so comprehensive in its healing and regenerative potential that it is today, where the computer industry was twenty years ago, that it will displace so many prescription and non-prescription drugs and health remedies that it is staggering to think of.
HgH is known to help relieve symptoms of Arthritis, Asthma, Angina, Chronic Fatigue, Constipation, Lower back pain and Sciatica, Cataracts and Macular Degeneration, Menopause, Fibromyalgia, Regular and Diabetic Neuropathy, Hepatitis, helps Kidney Dialysis and Heart and Stroke recovery. The reason for this is because there is a receptor site in almost every cell for HgH. Once normalized back to youthful levels, it commands the body to start repairing itself, taking out a lot of chronic and degenerative disease symptoms along the way. And we still don't know everything that it will help with.
The president of BIE Health Products stated in a recent interview, "I've been waiting for these products since the 1970's. We knew they would come, if only we could stay healthy and live long enough to see them! If you want to stay on top of your game, physically and mentally as you age, this product is a boon, especially for the highly skilled professionals who have made large investments in their education and experience, and everyone else. It's more important than ever to take pro-active steps to safeguard your health. Continued use of GHR will make a radical difference in your health, HgH is particularly helpful to everyone over 40 years old, including the elderly who, given a choice, would rather stay independent in their own home, strong, healthy and alert enough to manage their own affairs, exercise and stay involved in their communities."
Indeed, GHR has been shown to be the bridge to a much longer, healthier life and productive life. Soon after you begin taking this product, you and others will start noticing some profound changes in your appearance and overall health. Most importantly, you'll feel terrific!
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.


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Attention: Jebao SW Pump = RW Pump if using a AQLink S1 controller, since they are the same pump on it . So Package will provides SW/RW Pump on it on the delivery
Different Between Jebao Controller with Mobile AQLink Controller
AQLink Controller
|Normal / Nature / Reef Plus / Gyre / Mix / Wave Box
|Normal / Reef /Wavebox
|Night Mode
Can Set scheduler time to set night mode(1 to 100%). NO Electrical or Lighting affection
Customer can set their own night outflow.
Genius Night mode will not sudden drop the flow when reach on night time, it will auto 60second to count down to slow the flow or wake up 60 second to avoid scray of fish
Normal Sensor detection , will affection by light make not accuarcy / affection by Electrical not accuacy, and on night mode will only set half output
When on Night mode, it will sudden down to 50% make the fish scray
|Feed Mode
|2 Feed Mode Function: Physical Feed mode button + 1mins to 999mins feed time. Schedule time Feed Time Function
|10 Mins Feed Time
|Flow Rate
|1 to 120% Output (Digital Setting from 1 to 120%, more Accuacy)
|10 Speed Mode(Test 65% to 100%) Physical Button, cannot adjustable lower or accuacy flow rate
|Stable & Silent
|Stable IC chips to control, Protection of the pump without sudden damage, make the cirucult more accuacy and stable, for skimmer operation will more accuacy with same water level. Silent Function of controller will drop more 10% sound compare with orginial controller
|No this function
|Max can overclock to 120% (Depends on the machine physical element)
|Yes . Mobile for Andriod / IOS, continous upgrade for future
|Timer can set as On/ Off(0%), to make the pump as timer function. Like continous mode / healthy mode (see detail of the website photo) . Same like Apex controller function
|User can set on the pump operation on which mode during schedule time
|Control Pump
|Max can control 3 Pump (A B C), idea to create with schedule time to generation mix different flow
|Max 2 Pump only on the same time


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Where will your retirement money come from? If you're like most people, qualified-retirement plans, Social Security, personal savings and investments are expected to play a role. Once you have estimated the amount of money you may need for retirement, a sound approach involves taking a close look at your potential retirement-income sources.
Should You Tap Retirement Savings to Fund College?
There are three things to consider before dipping into retirement savings to pay for college.
An Inside Look at Retirement Living
A number of questions and concerns need to be addressed to help you better prepare for retirement living.
Have A Question About This Topic?
The Cost of Procrastination
Don't let procrastination keep you from pursuing your financial dreams and goals.
Choosing a Retirement Plan that Fits Your Business
To choose a plan, it's important to ask yourself four key questions.
5 Benefits of Working in Retirement
Here are 5 reason why you may consider working through retirement.
Starting a Roth IRA for a Teen
This early financial decision could prove helpful over time.
The Pre-Retirement Checklist
This checklist can give you a quick snapshot of how prepared you are.
Is a Variable Annuity Right for Me?
Pundits go on and on about how "terrible" or "wonderful" annuities are, but they never talk about whether annuities are right.
View all articles
Potential Income from an IRA
Estimate your monthly and annual income from various IRA types.
Inflation & Retirement
Estimate how much income may be needed at retirement to maintain your standard of living.
My Retirement Savings
Estimate how long your retirement savings may last using various monthly cash flow rates.
Saving for Retirement
This calculator can help you estimate how much you may need to save for retirement.
Annuity Comparison
This calculator compares a hypothetical fixed annuity with an account where the interest is taxed each year.
A Look at Systematic Withdrawals
This calculator may help you estimate how long funds may last given regular withdrawals.
View all calculators
An Inside Look at Retirement Living
A number of questions and concerns need to be addressed to help you better prepare for retirement living.
Investment Strategies for Retirement
Investment tools and strategies that can enable you to pursue your retirement goals.
View all presentations
Timing Your Retirement
This short video illustrates why knowing when to retire can be a crucial part of your strategy.
Retirement Redefined
Around the country, attitudes about retirement are shifting.
Retirement Accounts When You Change Your Job
This video discusses issues related to your retirement accounts when you move on from your job.
A Fruitful Retirement: Social Security Benefit
Taking your Social Security benefits at the right time may help maximize your benefit.
Working With A Financial Professional
A financial professional is an invaluable resource to help you untangle the complexities of whatever life throws at you.
What You Need to Know About Social Security
Every so often, you'll hear about Social Security benefits running out. But is there truth to the fears, or is it all hype?


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Book Hotels Kharkiv
Find hotels in Kharkiv, using the Airshop hotel finder engine. All the hotels in Kharkiv fast and simple on your computer.Every day we negotiate prices for almost every hotel in Kharkiv and we achieve best rates from big hotel chains to small family based accomodations in Kharkiv.At airshop the hotel search becomes easier than ever, now you can search hotels in Kharkiv based on criteria that will simplify your search.Use the hotel map search engine for Kharkiv and find the area you would like to stay, or filter the results based on hotel name or category.
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bumps (6x) - Linux Manuals
bumps: move distorting spotlight around desktop
NAMEbumps - move distorting spotlight around desktop
SYNOPSISbumps [-display host:display.screen] [-foreground color] [-background color] [-window] [-root] [-mono] [-install] [-visual visual] [-delay usecs] [-duration secs] [-fps]
DESCRIPTIONThe bumps program takes an image and exposes small, distorted sections of it as if through an odd wandering spotlight beam.
The image that it manipulates will be grabbed from the portion of the screen underlying the window, or from the system's video input, or from a random file on disk, as indicated by the grabDesktopImages, grabVideoFrames, and chooseRandomImages options in the ~/.xscreensaver file; see xscreensaver-demo(1) for more details.
OPTIONSbumps accepts the following options:
- -window
- Draw on a newly-created window. This is the default.
- -root
- Draw on the root window.
- -mono
- If on a color display, pretend we're on a monochrome display.
- -install
- Install a private colormap for the window.
- -visual visual
- Specify which visual to use. Legal values are the name of a visual class, or the id number (decimal or hex) of a specific visual.
- -delay microseconds
- Slow it down.
- -duration seconds
- How long to run before loading a new image. Default 120 seconds.
- -fps
- Display the current frame rate and CPU load.
- to get the default host and display number.
- to get the name of a resource file that overrides the global resources stored in the RESOURCE_MANAGER property.
COPYRIGHTCopyright © 1999 by Shane Smit. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. No representations are made about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
CREDITSShane Smit <blackend [at] inconnect.com>, 8-Oct-1999.


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Mountain Athlete Training
Adam Palmer, a mountain athlete, lifts a dumbbell at the gym.
Running on the beach
Young woman running on a beach along the Oregon Coast.
2017 Highlights
Summit Yoga
A young woman practices Yoga (Lord of the Dance Pose) on a mountain summit.
Paddling Bowron Lake Provincial Park.
A young woman holds her paddle above her head while canoeing across Lanezi Lake during a multi-day canoe trip through Bowron Lake Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada.
Portrait of Adam Palmer, a mountain athlete, while training at the gym.
A young woman practices Yoga (Tree Pose) on a mountain summit.
The Cascadia Project


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Judge Grants 21-Day Delay On Same-Sex Marriages
A federal judge has given Kentucky until March 20 to implement his order granting legal recognition to same-sex couples married in other states.
U.S. District Judge John G. Heyburn II issued the order on Friday. As of March 20, the state must begin providing name changes, adoption forms listing both members of a same-sex couple as parents and other benefits of legal marriage.
On Thursday, Heyburn issued a final order overturning a voter-imposed ban on the recognition of same-sex unions in other states.
Jefferson County clerk's spokesman Nore Ghibaudy said that as of Friday, state officials had not been notified of the change in the law.


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Weekly Radio Broadcast - November 4, 2007
To download the mp3 files, right mouse click on the link, choose
"Save target as" and save the file to a location on your computer.
If you just left click, it will download to play but is not saved to the computer.
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Learn About the Law
Get help with your legal needs
FindLaw's Learn About the Law features thousands of informational articles to help you understand your options. And if you're ready to hire an attorney, find one in your area who can help.
At a time when federal law permitted such conduct, petitioner Jacobson ordered and received from a bookstore two Bare Boys magazines containing photographs of nude preteen and teenage boys. Subsequently, the Child Protection Act of 1984 made illegal the receipt through the mails of sexually explicit depictions of children. After finding Jacobson's name on the bookstore mailing list, two Government agencies sent mail to him through five fictitious organizations and a bogus pen pal, to explore his willingness to break the law. Many of those organizations represented that they were founded to protect and promote sexual freedom and freedom of choice, and that they promoted lobbying efforts through catalog sales. Some mailings raised the spectre of censorship. Jacobson responded to some of the correspondence. After 2 1/2 years on the Government mailing list, Jacobson was solicited to order child pornography. He answered a letter that described concern about child pornography as hysterical nonsense and decried international censorship, and then received a catalog and ordered a magazine depicting young boys engaged in sexual activities. He was arrested after a controlled delivery of a photocopy of the magazine, but a search of his house revealed no materials other than those sent by the Government and the Bare Boys magazines. At his jury trial, he pleaded entrapment and testified that he had been curious to know the type of sexual actions to which the last letter referred, and that he had been shocked by the Bare Boys magazines, because he had not expected to receive photographs of minors. He was convicted, and the Court of Appeals affirmed.
The prosecution failed, as a matter of law, to adduce evidence to support the jury verdict that Jacobson was predisposed, independent of the Government's acts and beyond a reasonable doubt, to violate the law by receiving child pornography through the mails. In their zeal to enforce the law, Government agents may not originate a criminal design, implant in an innocent person's mind the disposition to commit a criminal act, and then induce commission of the crime so that the Government may prosecute. Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435, 442 . Jacobson was not simply offered the opportunity to order pornography, after which he promptly availed himself of that opportunity. He was the target of 26 months of repeated Government mailings and communications, [503 U.S. 540, 541] and the Government has failed to carry its burden of proving predisposition independent of its attention. The preinvestigation evidence - the Bare Boys magazines - merely indicates a generic inclination to act within a broad range, not all of which is criminal. Furthermore, Jacobson was acting within the law when he received the magazines, and he testified that he did not know that they would depict minors. As for the evidence gathered during the investigation, Jacobson's responses to the many communications prior to the criminal act were, at most, indicative of certain personal inclinations, and would not support the inference that Jacobson was predisposed to violate the Child Protection Act. On the other hand, the strong arguable inference is that, by waving the banner of individual rights and disparaging the legitimacy and constitutionality of efforts to restrict the availability of sexually explicit materials, the Government not only excited Jacobson's interest in material banned by law but also exerted substantial pressure on him to obtain and read such material as part of the fight against censorship and the infringement of individual rights. Thus, rational jurors could not find beyond a reasonable doubt that Jacobson possessed the requisite predisposition before the Government's investigation, and that it existed independent of the Government's many and varied approaches to him. Pp. 548-554. 916 F.2d 467 (CA 8 1990), reversed.
Paul J. Larkin, Jr., argues the cause for the United States. With him on the brief were Solicitor General Starr, Assistant Attorney General Mueller, Deputy Solicitor General Bryson, and Vicki S. Marani. *
[ Footnote * ] Bennett L. Gershman, Steven R. Shapiro, and John A. Powell filed a brief for the American Civil Liberties Union et al. as amici curiae urging reversal.
Gregory U. Evans, Daniel B. Hales, George D. Webster, Jack E. Yelverton, Fred E. Inbau, Wayne W. Schmidt, Bernard J. Farber and James P. [503 U.S. 540, 542] Manak filed a brief for Americans for Effective Law Enforcement, Inc., et al. as amici curiae urging affirmance.
Briefs of amici curiae were filed for the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children et al. by H. Robert Showers and Judith Drazen Schretter; and for Congressman Thomas J. Bliley, Jr., et al. by James P. Mueller, Michael J. Lockerby, and David E. Anderson. [503 U.S. 540, 542] JUSTICE WHITE delivered the opinion of the Court.
On September 24, 1987, petitioner Keith Jacobson was indicted for violating a provision of the Child Protection Act of 1984, Act, Pub.L. 98-292, 98 Stat. 204, which criminalizes the knowing receipt through the mails of a "visual depiction [that] involves the use of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct. . . ." 18 U.S.C. 2252(a)(2)(A). Petitioner defended on the ground that the Government entrapped him into committing the crime through a series of communications from undercover agents that spanned the 26 months preceding his arrest. Petitioner was found guilty after a jury trial. The Court of Appeals affirmed his conviction, holding that the Government had carried its burden of proving beyond reasonable doubt that petitioner was predisposed to break the law, and hence was not entrapped.
Because the Government overstepped the line between setting a trap for the "unwary innocent" and the "unwary criminal," Sherman v. United States, 356 U.S. 369, 372 (1958), and, as a matter of law, failed to establish that petitioner was independently predisposed to commit the crime for which he was arrested, we reverse the Court of Appeals' judgment affirming his conviction.
In February, 1984, petitioner, a 56-year-old veteran-turned-farmer who supported his elderly father in Nebraska, ordered two magazines and a brochure from a California adult bookstore. The magazines, entitled Bare Boys I and Bare Boys II, contained photographs of nude preteen and [503 U.S. 540, 543] teenage boys. The contents of the magazines startled petitioner, who testified that he had expected to receive photographs of "young men 18 years or older." Tr. 425. On cross-examination, he explained his response to the magazines:
The Government began its efforts in January, 1985, when a postal inspector sent petitioner a letter supposedly from the American Hedonist Society, which in fact was a fictitious organization. The letter included a membership application and stated the Society's doctrine: that members had the [503 U.S. 540, 544] "right to read what we desire, the right to discuss similar interests with those who share our philosophy, and finally that we have the right to seek pleasure without restrictions being placed on us by outdated puritan morality." Record, Government Exhibit 7. Petitioner enrolled in the organization and returned a sexual attitude questionnaire that asked him to rank on a scale of one to four his enjoyment of various sexual materials, with one being "really enjoy," two being "enjoy," three being "somewhat enjoy," and four being "do not enjoy." Petitioner ranked the entry "[p]reteen sex" as a two, but indicated that he was opposed to pedophilia. Ibid.
For a time, the Government left petitioner alone. But then a new "prohibited mailing specialist" in the Postal Service found petitioner's name in a file, Tr. 328-331, and in May, 1986, petitioner received a solicitation from a second fictitious consumer research company, "Midlands Data Research," seeking a response from those who "believe in the joys of sex and the complete awareness of those lusty and youthful lads and lasses of the neophite [sic] age." Record, Government Exhibit 8. The letter never explained whether "neophite" referred to minors or young adults. Petitioner responded: "Please feel free to send me more information, I am interested in teenage sexuality. Please keep my name confidential." Ibid.
Petitioner then heard from yet another Government creation, "Heartland Institute for a New Tomorrow" (HINT), which proclaimed that it was "an organization founded to protect and promote sexual freedom and freedom of choice. We believe that arbitrarily imposed legislative sanctions restricting your sexual freedom should be rescinded through the legislative process." Id. Defendant's Exhibit 102. The letter also enclosed a second survey. Petitioner indicated that his interest in "[p]reteen sex-homosexual" material was above average, but not high. In response to another question, petitioner wrote: "Not only sexual expression but freedom of the press is under attack. We must be ever vigilant [503 U.S. 540, 545] to counter attack right wing fundamentalists who are determined to curtail our freedoms." Id. Government Exhibit 9.
HINT replied, portraying itself as a lobbying organization seeking to repeal "all statutes which regulate sexual activities, except those laws which deal with violent behavior, such as rape. HINT is also lobbying to eliminate any legal definition of `the age of consent.'" Id., Defendant's Exhibit 113. These lobbying efforts were to be funded by sales from a catalog to be published in the future "offering the sale of various items which we believe you will find to be both interesting and stimulating." Ibid. HINT also provided computer matching of group members with similar survey responses; and, although petitioner was supplied with a list of potential "pen pals," he did not initiate any correspondence.
Nevertheless, the Government's "prohibited mailing specialist" began writing to petitioner, using the pseudonym "Carl Long." The letters employed a tactic known as "mirroring," which the inspector described as "reflect[ing] whatever the interests are of the person we are writing to." Tr. 342. Petitioner responded at first, indicating that his interest was primarily in "male-male items." Record, Government Exhibit 9A. Inspector "Long" wrote back:
By March, 1987, 34 months had passed since the Government obtained petitioner's name from the mailing list of the California bookstore, and 26 months had passed since the Postal Service had commenced its mailings to petitioner. Although petitioner had responded to surveys and letters, the Government had no evidence that petitioner had ever intentionally possessed or been exposed to child pornography. The Postal Service had not checked petitioner's mail to determine whether he was receiving questionable mailings from persons - other than the Government - involved in the child pornography industry. Tr. 348.
At this point, a second Government agency, the Customs Service, included petitioner in its own child pornography sting, "Operation Borderline," after receiving his name on lists submitted by the Postal Service. Id., at 71-72. Using the name of a fictitious Canadian company called "Produit Outaouais," the Customs Service mailed petitioner a brochure advertising photographs of young boys engaging in sex. Record, Government Exhibit 22. Petitioner placed an order that was never filled. Id. Government Exhibit 24.
The Postal Service also continued its efforts in the Jacobson case, writing to petitioner as the "Far Eastern Trading Company Ltd." The letter began:
When petitioner was asked at trial why he placed such an order, he explained that the Government had succeeded in piquing his curiosity:
Petitioner was indicted for violating 18 U.S.C. 2252(a)(2)(A). The trial court instructed the jury on the petitioner's entrapment defense, 1 petitioner was convicted, and a divided [503 U.S. 540, 548] Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, sitting en banc, affirmed, concluding that "Jacobson was not entrapped as a matter of law." 916 F.2d 467, 470 (1990). We granted certiorari. 499 U.S. 974 (1991).
There can be no dispute about the evils of child pornography or the difficulties that laws and law enforcement have encountered in eliminating it. See generally Osborne v. Ohio, 495 U.S. 103, 110 (1990); New York v. Ferber, 458 U.S. 747, 759 -760 (1982). Likewise, there can be no dispute that the Government may use undercover agents to enforce the law. "It is well settled that the fact that officers or employees of the Government merely afford opportunities or facilities for the commission of the offense does not defeat the prosecution. Artifice and stratagem may be employed to catch those engaged in criminal enterprises." Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435, 441 (1932); Sherman, 356 U.S., at 372 ; United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423, 435 -436 (1973).
In their zeal to enforce the law, however, Government agents may not originate a criminal design, implant in an innocent person's mind the disposition to commit a criminal act, and then induce commission of the crime so that the Government may prosecute. Sorrells, supra, at 442; Sherman, supra, at 372. Where the Government has induced an [503 U.S. 540, 549] individual to break the law and the defense of entrapment is at issue, as it was in this case, the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant was disposed to commit the criminal act prior to first being approached by Government agents. United States v. Whoie, 288 U.S. App. D.C. 261, 263-264, 925 F.2d 1481, 1483-1484 (1991). 2
Thus, an agent deployed to stop the traffic in illegal drugs may offer the opportunity to buy or sell drugs and, if the offer is accepted, make an arrest on the spot or later. In [503 U.S. 540, 550] such a typical case, or in a more elaborate "sting" operation involving government-sponsored fencing where the defendant is simply provided with the opportunity to commit a crime, the entrapment defense is of little use, because the ready commission of the criminal act amply demonstrates the defendant's predisposition. See United States v. Sherman, 200 F.2d 880, 882 (CA2 1952). Had the agents in this case simply offered petitioner the opportunity to order child pornography through the mails, and petitioner - who must be presumed to know the law - had promptly availed himself of this criminal opportunity, it is unlikely that his entrapment defense would have warranted a jury instruction. Mathews v. United States, 485 U.S. 58, 66 (1988).
But that is not what happened here. By the time petitioner finally placed his order, he had already been the target of 26 months of repeated mailings and communications from Government agents and fictitious organizations. Therefore, although he had become predisposed to break the law by May, 1987, it is our view that the Government did not prove that this predisposition was independent, and not the product of the attention that the Government had directed at petitioner since January, 1985. Sorrells, supra, at 442; Sherman, 356 U.S., at 372 .
The prosecution's evidence of predisposition falls into two categories: evidence developed prior to the Postal Service's mail campaign, and that developed during the course of the investigation. The sole piece of preinvestigation evidence is petitioner's 1984 order and receipt of the Bare Boys magazines. But this is scant if any proof of petitioner's predisposition to commit an illegal act, the criminal character of which a defendant is presumed to know. It may indicate a predisposition to view sexually oriented photographs that are responsive to his sexual tastes; but evidence that merely indicates a generic inclination to act within a broad range, not all of which is criminal, is of little probative value in establishing predisposition. [503 U.S. 540, 551]
Furthermore, petitioner was acting within the law at the time he received these magazines. Receipt through the mails of sexually explicit depictions of children for noncommercial use did not become illegal under federal law until May, 1984, and Nebraska had no law that forbade petitioner's possession of such material until 1988. Neb.Rev.Stat. 28-813.01 (1989). Evidence of predisposition to do what once was lawful is not, by itself, sufficient to show predisposition to do what is now illegal, for there is a common understanding that most people obey the law even when they disapprove of it. This obedience may reflect a generalized respect for legality or the fear of prosecution, but, for whatever reason, the law's prohibitions are matters of consequence. Hence, the fact that petitioner legally ordered and received the Bare Boys magazines does little to further the Government's burden of proving that petitioner was predisposed to commit a criminal act. This is particularly true given petitioner's unchallenged testimony that he did not know until they arrived that the magazines would depict minors.
The prosecution's evidence gathered during the investigation also fails to carry the Government's burden. Petitioner's responses to the many communications prior to the ultimate criminal act were, at most, indicative of certain personal inclinations, including a predisposition to view photographs of preteen sex and a willingness to promote a given agenda by supporting lobbying organizations. Even so, petitioner's responses hardly support an inference that he would commit the crime of receiving child pornography through the mails. 3 Furthermore, a person's inclinations and "fantasies . . . are [503 U.S. 540, 552] his own, and beyond the reach of government. . . ." Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton, 413 U.S. 49, 67 (1973); Stanley v. Georgia, 394 U.S. 557, 565 -566 (1969).
On the other hand, the strong arguable inference is that, by waving the banner of individual rights and disparaging the legitimacy and constitutionality of efforts to restrict the availability of sexually explicit materials, the Government not only excited petitioner's interest in sexually explicit materials banned by law, but also exerted substantial pressure on petitioner to obtain and read such material as part of a fight against censorship and the infringement of individual rights. For instance, HINT described itself as "an organization founded to protect and promote sexual freedom and freedom of choice," and stated that "the most appropriate means to accomplish [its] objectives is to promote honest dialogue among concerned individuals and to continue its lobbying efforts with State Legislators." Record, Defendant's Exhibit 113. These lobbying efforts were to be financed through catalog sales. Ibid. Mailings from the equally fictitious American Hedonist Society, id. Government Exhibit 7, and the correspondence from the nonexistent Carl Long, id. Defendant's Exhibit 5, endorsed these themes.
Similarly, the two solicitations in the spring of 1987 raised the spectre of censorship while suggesting that petitioner ought to be allowed to do what he had been solicited to do. The mailing from the Customs Service referred to "the worldwide ban and intense enforcement on this type of material," observed that "what was legal and commonplace is now an `underground' and secretive service," and emphasized that "[t]his environment forces us to take extreme measures" to ensure delivery. Id. Government Exhibit 22. The Postal Service solicitation described the concern about child pornography as "hysterical nonsense," decried "international censorship," and assured petitioner, based on consultation with "American solicitors," that an order that had been posted could not be opened for inspection without [503 U.S. 540, 553] authorization of a judge. Id. Government Exhibit 1. It further asked petitioner to affirm that he was not a Government agent attempting to entrap the mail order company or its customers. Ibid. In these particulars, both Government solicitations suggested that receiving this material was something that petitioner ought to be allowed to do.
Petitioner's ready response to these solicitations cannot be enough to establish beyond reasonable doubt that he was predisposed, prior to the Government acts intended to create predisposition, to commit the crime of receiving child pornography through the mails. See Sherman, 356 U.S., at 374 . The evidence that petitioner was ready and willing to commit the offense came only after the Government had devoted 2 1/2 years to convincing him that he had or should have the right to engage in the very behavior proscribed by law. Rational jurors could not say beyond a reasonable doubt that petitioner possessed the requisite predisposition prior to the Government's investigation, and that it existed independent of the Government's many and varied approaches to petitioner. As was explained in Sherman, where entrapment was found as a matter of law, "the Government [may not] pla[y] on the weaknesses of an innocent party and beguil[e] him into committing crimes which he otherwise would not have attempted." Id., at 376.
Law enforcement officials go too far when they "implant in the mind of an innocent person the disposition to commit the alleged offense and induce its commission in order that they may prosecute." Sorrells, 287 U.S., at 442 (emphasis added). Like the Sorrells Court, we are "unable to conclude that it was the intention of the Congress in enacting this statute that its processes of detection and enforcement should be abused by the instigation by government officials of an act on the part of persons otherwise innocent in order to lure them to its commission and to punish them." Id., at 448. When the Government's quest for convictions leads to the apprehension of an otherwise law-abiding citizen who, if [503 U.S. 540, 554] left to his own devices, likely would have never run afoul of the law, the courts should intervene.
Because we conclude that this is such a case, and that the prosecution failed, as a matter of law, to adduce evidence to support the jury verdict that petitioner was predisposed, independent of the Government's acts and beyond a reasonable doubt, to violate the law by receiving child pornography through the mails, we reverse the Court of Appeals' judgment affirming the conviction of Keith Jacobson.
[ Footnote 2 ] Inducement is not at issue in this case. The Government does not dispute that it induced petitioner to commit the crime. The sole issue is whether the Government carried its burden of proving that petitioner was predisposed to violate the law before the Government intervened. The dissent is mistaken in claiming that this is an innovation in entrapment law, and in suggesting that the Government's conduct prior to the moment of solicitation is irrelevant. See post, at 556-557. The Court rejected these arguments six decades ago in Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435 (1932), when the Court wrote that the Government may not punish an individual "for an alleged offense which is the product of the creative activity of its own officials," and that, in such a case, the Government "is in no position to object to evidence of the activities of its representatives in relation to the accused. . . ." Id., at 451. Indeed, the proposition that the accused must be predisposed prior to contact with law enforcement officers is so firmly established that the Government conceded the point at oral argument, submitting that the evidence it developed during the course of its investigation was probative because it indicated petitioner's state of mind prior to the commencement of the Government's investigation. See Tr. of Oral Arg. 41, 49.
This long-established standard in no way encroaches upon Government investigatory activities. Indeed, the Government's internal guidelines for undercover operations provide that an inducement to commit a crime should not be offered unless:
[ Footnote 3 ] We do not hold, as the dissent suggests, see post, at 559-560; that the Government was required to prove that petitioner knowingly violated the law. We simply conclude that proof that petitioner engaged in legal conduct and possessed certain generalized personal inclinations is not sufficient evidence to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he would have been predisposed to commit the crime charged independent of the Government's coaxing.
JUSTICE O'CONNOR, with whom THE CHIEF JUSTICE and JUSTICE KENNEDY join, and with whom JUSTICE SCALIA joins except as to Part II, dissenting.
Keith Jacobson was offered only two opportunities to buy child pornography through the mail. Both times, he ordered. Both times, he asked for opportunities to buy more. He needed no Government agent to coax, threaten, or persuade him; no one played on his sympathies, friendship, or suggested that his committing the crime would further a greater good. In fact, no Government agent even contacted him face to face. The Government contends that, from the enthusiasm with which Mr. Jacobson responded to the chance to commit a crime, a reasonable jury could permissibly infer beyond a reasonable doubt that he was predisposed to commit the crime. I agree. Cf. United States v. Hunt, 749 F.2d 1078, 1085 (CA4 1984) (ready response to solicitation shows predisposition), cert. denied, 472 U.S. 1018 (1985); United States v. Kaminski, 703 F.2d 1004, 1008 (CA7 1983) ("`the most important factor . . . is whether the defendant evidenced reluctance to engage in criminal activity which was overcome by repeated Government inducement'") (quoting United States v. Reynoso-Ulloa, 548 F.2d 1329, 1336 (CA9 1977), cert. denied, 436 U.S. 926 (1978)); United States v. Sherman, 200 F.2d 880, 882 (CA2 1952) (indication of predisposition is [503 U.S. 540, 555] a defendant's willingness to commit the offense "`as evinced by ready complaisance'". (citation omitted)
The first time the Government sent Mr. Jacobson a catalog of illegal materials, he ordered a set of photographs advertised as picturing "young boys in sex action fun." He enclosed the following note with his order: "I received your brochure and decided to place an order. If I like your product, I will order more later." Record, Government Exhibit 24. For reasons undisclosed in the record, Mr. Jacobson's order was never delivered.
The second time the Government sent a catalog of illegal materials, Mr. Jacobson ordered a magazine called "Boys Who Love Boys," described as: "11 year old and 14 year old boys get it on in every way possible. Oral, anal sex and heavy masturbation. If you love boys, you will be delighted with this." Id. Government Exhibit 2. Along with his order, Mr. Jacobson sent the following note: "Will order other items later. I want to be discreet in order to protect you and me." Id. Government Exhibit 3.
Government agents admittedly did not offer Mr. Jacobson the chance to buy child pornography right away. Instead, they first sent questionnaires in order to make sure that he was generally interested in the subject matter. Indeed, a "cold call" in such a business would not only risk rebuff and suspicion, but might also shock and offend the uninitiated, or expose minors to suggestive materials. Cf. FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, 438 U.S. 726, 748 (1978) (right to be free from offensive material in one's home); 39 U.S.C. 3010 (regulating the mailing of sexually explicit advertising materials). Mr. Jacobson's responses to the questionnaires gave the investigators reason to think he would be interested in photographs depicting preteen sex.
The Court, however, concludes that a reasonable jury could not have found Mr. Jacobson to be predisposed beyond a reasonable doubt on the basis of his responses to the Government's catalogs, even though it admits that, by that time, [503 U.S. 540, 556] he was predisposed to commit the crime. The Government, the Court holds, failed to provide evidence that Mr. Jacobson's obvious predisposition at the time of the crime "was independent, and not the product of the attention that the Government had directed at petitioner." Ante, at 550. In so holding, I believe the Court fails to acknowledge the reasonableness of the jury's inference from the evidence, redefines "predisposition," and introduces a new requirement that Government sting operations have a reasonable suspicion of illegal activity before contacting a suspect.
This Court has held previously that a defendant's predisposition is to be assessed as of the time the Government agent first suggested the crime, not when the Government agent first became involved. Sherman v. United States, 356 U.S. 369, 372 -376 (1958). See also United States v. Williams, 705 F.2d 603, 618, n. 9 (CA2), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1007 (1983). Until the Government actually makes a suggestion of criminal conduct, it could not be said to have "implant[ed] in the mind of an innocent person the disposition to commit the alleged offense and induce its commission. . . ." Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435, 442 (1932). Even in Sherman v. United States, supra, in which the Court held that the defendant had been entrapped as a matter of law, the Government agent had repeatedly and unsuccessfully coaxed the defendant to buy drugs, ultimately succeeding only by playing on the defendant's sympathy. The Court found lack of predisposition based on the Government's numerous unsuccessful attempts to induce the crime, not on the basis of preliminary contacts with the defendant.
Today, the Court holds that Government conduct may be considered to create a predisposition to commit a crime, even before any Government action to induce the commission of the crime. In my view, this holding changes entrapment doctrine. Generally, the inquiry is whether a suspect is predisposed [503 U.S. 540, 557] before the Government induces the commission of the crime, not before the Government makes initial contact with him. There is no dispute here that the Government's questionnaires and letters were not sufficient to establish inducement; they did not even suggest that Mr. Jacobson should engage in any illegal activity. If all the Government had done was to send these materials, Mr. Jacobson's entrapment defense would fail. Yet the Court holds that the Government must prove not only that a suspect was predisposed to commit the crime before the opportunity to commit it arose, but also before the Government came on the scene. Ante, at 548-549.
The rule that preliminary Government contact can create a predisposition has the potential to be misread by lower courts, as well as criminal investigators, as requiring that the Government must have sufficient evidence of a defendant's predisposition before it ever seeks to contact him. Surely the Court cannot intend to impose such a requirement, for it would mean that the Government must have a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity before it begins an investigation, a condition that we have never before imposed. The Court denies that its new rule will affect run-of-the-mill sting operations, ante, at 549-550, and one hopes that it means what it says. Nonetheless, after this case, every defendant will claim that something the Government agent did before soliciting the crime "created" a predisposition that was not there before. For example, a bribetaker will claim that the description of the amount of money available was so enticing that it implanted a disposition to accept the bribe later offered. A drug buyer will claim that the description of the drug's purity and effects was so tempting that it created the urge to try it for the first time. In short, the Court's opinion could be read to prohibit the Government from advertising the seductions of criminal activity as part of its sting operation, for fear of creating a predisposition in its suspects. That limitation would be especially likely to [503 U.S. 540, 558] hamper sting operations such as this one, which mimic the advertising done by genuine purveyors of pornography. No doubt the Court would protest that its opinion does not stand for so broad a proposition, but the apparent lack of a principled basis for distinguishing these scenarios exposes a flaw in the more limited rule the Court today adopts.
The Court's rule is all the more troubling because it does not distinguish between Government conduct that merely highlights the temptation of the crime itself and Government conduct that threatens, coerces, or leads a suspect to commit a crime in order to fulfill some other obligation. For example, in Sorrells, the Government agent repeatedly asked for illegal liquor, coaxing the defendant to accede on the ground that "`one former war buddy would get liquor for another.'" 287 U.S., at 440 . In Sherman, the Government agent played on the defendant's sympathies, pretending to be going through drug withdrawal and begging the defendant to relieve his distress by helping him buy drugs. 356 U.S., at 371 .
The Government conduct in this case is not comparable. While the Court states that the Government "exerted substantial pressure on petitioner to obtain and read such material as part of a fight against censorship and the infringement of individual rights," ante, at 552, one looks at the record in vain for evidence of such "substantial pressure." The most one finds is letters advocating legislative action to liberalize obscenity laws, letters which could easily be ignored or thrown away. Much later, the Government sent separate mailings of catalogs of illegal materials. Nowhere did the Government suggest that the proceeds of the sale of the illegal materials would be used to support legislative reforms. While one of the HINT letters suggested that lobbying efforts would be funded by sales from a catalog, Record, Defendant's Exhibit 113, the catalogs actually sent, nearly a year later, were from different fictitious entities (Produit Outaouais and Far Eastern Trading Company), and gave [503 U.S. 540, 559] no suggestion that money would be used for any political purposes. Id. Government Exhibit 22, Government Exhibit 2. Nor did the Government claim to be organizing a civil disobedience movement, which would protest the pornography laws by breaking them. Contrary to the gloss given the evidence by the Court, the Government's suggestions of illegality may also have made buyers beware, and increased the mystique of the materials offered: "[F]or those of you who have enjoyed youthful material, . . . we have devised a method of getting these to you without prying eyes of U.S. Customs seizing your mail." Id. Government Exhibit 1. Mr. Jacobson's curiosity to see what "`all the trouble and the hysteria'" was about, ante, at 547, is certainly susceptible of more than one interpretation. And it is the jury that is charged with the obligation of interpreting it. In sum, the Court fails to construe the evidence in the light most favorable to the Government, and fails to draw all reasonable inferences in the Government's favor. It was surely reasonable for the jury to infer that Mr. Jacobson was predisposed beyond a reasonable doubt, even if other inferences from the evidence were also possible.
The second puzzling thing about the Court's opinion is its redefinition of predisposition. The Court acknowledges that "[p]etitioner's responses to the many communications prior to the ultimate criminal act were . . . indicative of certain personal inclinations, including a predisposition to view photographs of preteen sex. . . ." Ante, at 551. If true, this should have settled the matter; Mr. Jacobson was predisposed to engage in the illegal conduct. Yet, the Court concludes, "petitioner's responses hardly support an inference that he would commit the crime of receiving child pornography through the mails." Ibid.
The Court seems to add something new to the burden of proving predisposition. Not only must the Government [503 U.S. 540, 560] show that a defendant was predisposed to engage in the illegal conduct, here, receiving photographs of minors engaged in sex, but also that the defendant was predisposed to break the law knowingly in order to do so. The statute violated here, however, does not require proof of specific intent to break the law; it requires only knowing receipt of visual depictions produced by using minors engaged in sexually explicit conduct. See 18 U.S.C. 2252(a)(2); United States v. Moncini, 882 F.2d 401, 404-406 (CA9 1989). Under the Court's analysis, however, the Government must prove more to show predisposition than it need prove in order to convict.
The Court ignores the judgment of Congress that specific intent is not an element of the crime of receiving sexually explicit photographs of minors. The elements of predisposition should track the elements of the crime. The predisposition requirement is meant to eliminate the entrapment defense for those defendants who would have committed the crime anyway, even absent Government inducement. Because a defendant might very well be convicted of the crime here absent Government inducement even though he did not know his conduct was illegal, a specific intent requirement does little to distinguish between those who would commit the crime without the inducement and those who would not. In sum, although the fact that Mr. Jacobson's purchases of Bare Boys I and Bare Boys II were legal at the time may have some relevance to the question of predisposition, it is not, as the Court suggests, dispositive.
The crux of the Court's concern in this case is that the Government went too far and "abused" the "`processes of detection and enforcement'" by luring an innocent person to violate the law. Ante, at 553, quoting Sorrells, 287 U.S., at 448 . Consequently, the Court holds that the Government failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr. Jacobson was predisposed to commit the crime. It was, however, the jury's task, as the conscience of the community, to decide whether Mr. Jacobson was a willing participant in the [503 U.S. 540, 561] criminal activity here or an innocent dupe. The jury is the traditional "defense against arbitrary law enforcement." Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S. 145, 156 (1968). Indeed, in Sorrells, in which the Court was also concerned about overzealous law enforcement, the Court did not decide itself that the Government conduct constituted entrapment, but left the issue to the jury. 287 U.S., at 452 . There is no dispute that the jury in this case was fully and accurately instructed on the law of entrapment, and nonetheless found Mr. Jacobson guilty. Because I believe there was sufficient evidence to uphold the jury's verdict, I respectfully dissent. [503 U.S. 540, 562]
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Proliant DL1000 G1 Overview
HP ProLiant DL1000 Multi Node Server
Optional Right Power Buttons, Health LEDs and UID bezel
Standard Features
NOTE: For the Standard Features shipped
in the Factory Integrated Models, please see the "Configuration Information
- Factory Integrated Models" section.
3.3 volts
1 rear per server node (Optional front UID per chassis)
Integrated Matrox Graphics G200e, 32MB Standard
The following NVIDIA graphics cards are supported in the DL1000:
NOTE: For more information on the latest
visualization and acceleration qualification status, please see https://www.hp.com/go/accelerators.
NOTE: An HP DL170h Graphics Bracket/Cable Kit (P/N 536860-B21)
is required when installing this NVIDIA card. The FX5800 can only be installed
in the 2 slot full-height riser option: HP DL170h I/O Riser PCIe x16 x8
FIO option (P/N 512481-B21).
One 6' Highline (IEC-IEC) power cord ships standard
NOTE: HP ProLiant DL servers are
primarily connected to PDU's in data center racks so they ship standard
with only a PDU power cord (416151-B21). If a user wishes to power a ProLiant
DL server using a 110V receptacle (NEMA-15), the NEMA power cord (227099-001)
must be ordered separately.
NOTE: Japan BTO and CTO configurations get the 6' 4165151-291 power
cord in addition. China BTO and CTO configurations get the 6' 416151-AA1
power cord in addition.
NOTE: If customers require a local power cord, they can check the
power cord matrix for the appropriate cord. Please see the following power
cord matrix: https://www.hp.com/go/powercordmatrix
In addition to the efficiencies gained by the shared power infrastructure,
the DL1000 contains advanced power metering and capping capabilities.
The embedded Power Management Controller (PMC) is able to monitor power
consumption and throttle the speed of the processors and memory in each
node within the chassis in order to maintain a pre-set power budget. HP
provides a simple command-line utility, called HP ProLiant Power Interface
Control (PPIC) Utility, for reading and configuring the power control
logic of the server nodes. Versions are available for MS Windows Server
OS (2008 and 2008 R2) and Linux OS (RHEL5 and SLES11) with the requirement
that the OS IPMI Driver be installed. The following Power Management modes
for power redundancy are standard and are configurable in the controller:
Dynamic Power Capping is included with the LO100 Advanced Pack:
HP has a new design for ProLiant power- the new Common Slot Power Supply
bay. This design provides the customer with commonality in power supplies
across multiple platforms to save on the cost of spares and allows HP
to offer multiple power solutions to fit the customers' needs. Many HP
ProLiant Servers come with Common Slot, High Efficiency and Right-Size
Power Supplies. The new HP Common Slot power supplies are designed for
the highest power efficiency without degrading performance of the ProLiant
server. Power Supplies have efficiency ratings up to 94%. There are multiple
Right Size power options available depending on the configuration of your
server. To make sure you select the correct power supply to meet your
configuration, please use the HP Power Advisor at: www.hp.com/go/proliant-energy-efficient
or www.hp.com/go/hppoweradvisor.
All HP Common Slot power sources are UL, CE Mark Compliant, Hot Plug and
There is a low cost, Industry Standard 1500W (2x750W) Power Supply option
that does not support hot-pluggability, redundancy or power capping functionality.
NOTE: Mixing of power supplies
in the same chassis is not supported. All power supplies must be of the
same type, all 460W, all 750W 94%, all 750W 92%, all 1200W 94%, or all
1200W 90%. If non-matched power supplies are inserted you will get errors
and operation will fail.
It is highly recommended that you use the HP Power Advisor in defining
the "Right-Size" power supply for your needs. HP offers several
Common Slot Power Supply Options for this platform. HP's ProLiant Common
Slot Power supplies meet multiple Energy Efficiency Initiatives.
NOTE: The 80 PLUS program is a
unique forum that unites electric utilities, the computer industry, and
consumers in an effort to bring energy efficient technology solutions
to the marketplace. 80 Plus independently tests power supply efficiency
and publicly posts the results on 80Plus.org.
Optional power supplies can be purchased through power supply option kits
(see Power Supply Options for part numbers).
For required cabling information, refer to the HP Web site at: www.hp.com/servers/dl170h.
HP offers two different drive cages for the 2U HP ProLiant h1000 G6 Chassis:
8 LFF HDD Cage or 16 SFF HDD Cage.
The 2U chassis can support three server node configurations:
HP LO100 Advanced
HP Lights-Out 100 with Optional LO100 Advanced Licenses for Virtual KVM
and Virtual Media.
Standard Features:
For more information, see: www.hp.com/go/lo100.
This product is covered by a global limited warranty and supported by
HP Services and a worldwide network of HP Authorized Channel Partners.
Hardware diagnostic support and repair is available for one year from
date of purchase. Support for software and initial setup is available
for 90 days from date of purchase. Enhancements to warranty services are
available through HP Care Pack services or customized service agreements.
Hard drives have either a one year or three year warranty; refer to the
specific hard drive QuickSpecs for details.
NOTE: Server Warranty includes
1 year Parts, 1 year Labor, 1-year on-site support with next business
day response. Warranty repairs may be accomplished through the use of
Customer Self Repair (CSR) parts. These parts fall into two categories:
1) Mandatory CSR parts are designed for easy replacement. A travel and
labor charge will result when customers decline to replace a Mandatory
CSR part; 2) Optional CSR parts are also designed for easy replacement
but may involve added complexity. Customers may choose to have HP replace
Optional CSR parts at no charge. Additional information regarding worldwide
limited warranty and technical support is available at: https://h18004.www1.hp.com/products/servers/platforms/warranty/index.html.
Optional Features
HP Insight Control for Linux
ProLiant 100 Series G6 Core Management Software for ProLiant 100 Series
HP provides management solutions that are designed to simplify a server's
installation, configuration, and maintenance throughout the entire server
lifecycle. This provides the customers with higher levels of operational
efficiency and highly reliable systems.
While ProLiant 100 series G6 servers do not support the Insight Foundation
Suite for ProLiant, they support a key subset of this important suite
software tools and utilities which are very suitable for this class of
server: SIM, SMH, agents, providers, and a SmartStart 'like' deployment
CD called Easy Set-up which greatly simplifies server set-up. Additionally
the DL100 and SL100 G6 models support the SmartStart Scripting Toolkit
(SSSTK), an automated scalable deployment utility.
Information on core management supported on ProLiant 100 series G6 servers
can be found at these URLS:
HP Insight Management Agents and Insight Management Providers are available
for HP Systems Insight Manager (SIM) Integration.
ProLiant 100-series G6 servers can use the same SNMP based Insight Management
Agents supported by other ProLiant servers. As a result, administrators
can use HP Systems Insight Manager (SIM) 5.3 and greater to manage ProLiant
100-series G6 servers. Administrators can also use any other SNMP- based
management tool. These agents are obtained as part of the ProLiant 100-series
model-specific "Easy Set-up" CDs, or through https://www.hp.com/servers/easysetup
The following capabilities are enabled on the 100-series G6 servers by
the SNMP agents:
For additional information, please see: https://www.hp.com/go/insight
Easy Set-up CDs are available on all 100-series G6 servers and are also
available as an ISO image web download. HP ProLiant Easy Set-up CDs provide
easy, step-by-step, single and multi-server server utilities for the ProLiant
100-series G6 servers to streamline server setup for 100-series G6 servers.
The user experience is consistent with SmartStart and offers the following
NOTE: OS and SW available for Manual
Installation are listed on each servers' QuickSpecs.
Subscriber's Choice
Subscriber's Choice Driver and Support Alerts/Notifications is a web-based
email subscription service that provides software and driver change notifications
for ProLiant products. Sign up at: https://www.hp.com/go/subscriberschoice
and customize your profile to receive various new alerts as they become
available, on a weekly or monthly basis.
The latest software, drivers, and firmware fully optimized and tested
for your ProLiant server and options; downloaded from Software and Drivers
download pages website at: https://www.hp.com/go/support
and from www.hp.com/servers/easysetup.
Contains the following:
The HP eConfigure Enterprise Configurator now provides factory default
racking for our HP hardware portfolio. This approach is aligned with our
strategic direction to meet the needs and expectations of our valued customers.
If you require "custom" rack configuration, please contact HP's
Customer Business Center or an Authorized Partner for assistance. https://www.hp.com/products/configurator
Service and Support
HP Care Pack Services: Packaged server and storage services for increased
uptime, productivity and ROI
When you buy HP server and storage products and solutions, it's also a
good time to think about what levels of support you may need. Our portfolio
of service options reduce deployment and management worries while helping
you get the most out of your server and storage investments. We take a
holistic approach to your environment, bridging servers, blades, storage,
software and network infrastructures with our packaged HP Care Pack Services
for servers and storage.
Protect your business beyond warranty
When it comes to robustness and reliability, standard computing equipment
warranties have matured along with technology. Good news that can also
create problems stemming from depending on standard warranties designed
to only protect against product defects and some downtime causes. Using
a standard approach to warranty uplifts, such as HP Care Pack Services,
helps reduce downtime risks and provides operational consistency for mission-critical
and standard business computing.
HP Care Pack Services: Upgrading or extending standard server and
storage warranties cost effectively
HP Care Pack Services offer a standard reactive hardware and software
support services suite sold separately, or combined with our Support Plus
and Support Plus 24 services. The portfolio also provides a combination
of integrated proactive and reactive services, such as Proactive 24 Service
and Critical Service. In addition with HP Proactive Select, you can acquire
the specific proactive constancy and technical services. HP Proactive
Select menu offers a broad set of service options that you can mix and
match depending on your specific requirements. Proactive service options
include offers for server, storage, network, SAN device, software, environment
and education services.
HP server and storage lifecycle support services offers a full spectrum
of customer care-from technology support to complex migrations to complete
managed services. HP Factory Express provides customization, integration
and deployment services for turnkey solutions. HP Education Services offer
flexible, comprehensive training on to help your IT staff get the most
out of your server and storage investments. HP Financial solutions extend
innovative financing and cost-effective asset management programs-from
purchase to equipment retirement.
Learn more: www.hp.com/services/servers
and www.hp.com/services/storage
NOTE: Care Pack Services availability
may vary by product and country.
HP Care Pack Services are sold by HP and HP Authorized Service Partners:
3-Year HP Hardware Support Onsite Service, 4-hour response, 13x5
Delivers increased equipment availability and productivity with rapid
remote support and onsite response for your HP server and storage hardware.
3-Year HP Hardware Support Onsite Service, 4-hour response, 24x7
Provides you with rapid remote support and if required an HP authorized
representative who will arrive on site any time and day of the year to
begin hardware maintenance service within 4 hours of the service request
being logged.
This service provides a trained HP service specialist to perform an installation
that meets HP quality standards, for:
HP ProLiant Server Hardware Installation
Provides for the basic hardware installation of HP branded servers, storage
devices and networking options to assist you in bringing your new hardware
into operation in a timely and professional manner.
3-Year HP Hardware Support Onsite Call-to-Repair (CTR) Service, 6-
or 24-hour
As an alternative to our recommended support level, for customers who
need committed call-to-repair for server hardware.
Provides your IT manager with a team of support specialists who will quickly
begin troubleshooting the system to help return the hardware to operating
condition within 6 or 24 hours of the initial service request to the HP
Global Solution Center.
3-Year HP Hardware Support Onsite Service, next-day response, 9x5
An enhancement to warranty support for products with limited warranty
Provides high-quality remote assistance and onsite support for your covered
hardware if required, helping you to improve product uptime.
HP Proactive Select Service
Customer needs on demand access to consulting, technical proactive services
and education courses.
Provides a flexible way to purchase HP best-in-class consultancy and technical
services. You can buy Proactive Select Service Credits when you purchase
your hardware and then use the credits over the next 12 months.
HP eSupport is a portfolio of technology-based services that assist you
with managing your business environment - from the desktop to the data
Support Portal
The HP support portal provides one-stop access to the information, tools
and services you need to manage the daily operations of your IT environment.
Features include:
Access to certain features of the support portal requires an HP service
agreement. To access the support portal, visit: https://www.hp.com/support
HP Insight Remote Support software delivers secure remote support for
your HP Servers and Storage, 24 X 7, so you can spend less time solving
problems and more time focused on your business. You can have your systems
remotely monitored for hardware failure using secure technology that's
been proven at thousands of companies around the world. In many cases,
you can avoid problems before they occur.
HP Education Services
In today's cost-conscious business environment, IT professionals, developers,
consultants and users face an interesting challenge: how to keep up with
the latest technologies and expand important skills while delivering profitable
results on current projects. To help address this challenge, HP offers
innovative training solutions that help keep you up-to-date on virtualization,
server, storage, Insight Control, Citrix, Microsoft® and open source/Linux-related
topics-while spending less time away from business-critical activities.
HP Technology Services continues to be recognized for service and support
excellence by customers, partners, industry organizations and publications
around the world. Recent honors and award reflect our services team's
dedications, technical expertise, professionalism and uncompromising commitment
to customer satisfaction.
To learn more on HP ProLiant servers, HP BladeSystem servers and HP StorageWorks
storage products, please contact your HP sales representative or HP Authorized
Channel Partner. Or visit: www.hp.com/services/proliant
or www.hp.com/services/bladesystem
or https://www.hp.com/hps/storage
Pre-configured Models
HP DL2x170h E5504 3x2GB 8LFF SVR
HP DL4x170h E5504 3x2GB 8LFF SVR
Configuration Information - Factory Integrated Models
NOTE: This section lists some of the steps required to configure
a Factory Integrated Model. To ensure only valid configurations are ordered,
HP recommends the use of an HP approved configurator. Contact your local
sales representative for information on configurable product offerings
and requirements.
NOTE: Configure-to-order (CTO) servers must start with a CTO Chassis.
NOTE: FIO indicates that this option is only available as a factory
installable option.
HP Nodes
HP Drive Cage Options
HP Power Supplies
DL1000 G1 Core Options
HP Memory
Additional Options
For detailed memory configuration
rules and guidelines, please use the Online DDR3 Memory Configuration
Tool: www.hp.com/go/ddr3memory-configurator
DIMM slot and configuration diagrams
Basic memory slot & population diagram
Standard memory configuration (1 CPU model)
Standard memory plus optional memory (1 CPU model)
Standard memory replaced with optional memory (1 CPU model)
RDIMM maximum configuration
Standard memory replaced with optional memory (2 CPU model)
RDIMM maximum configuration
UDIMM maximum configuration
H; empty
NOTE: Capacity references are rounded to the common Gigabyte values.
Following are memory options available from HP:
Drive Support
Up to 2 per node
Hard Drives
NOTE: The components of a storage
subsystem (e.g. the drive, the HBA/controller, firmware, and the server
backplane) should operate at the same data transfer rate or the system
bandwidth will be negotiated down to an acceptable level for all components.
NOTE: Hard drives have either a one year or three year warranty;
refer to the specific hard drive QuickSpecs for details.
External Storage
Power Specifications
To drill down to calculators:
- Click on: "ProLiant Servers"
- Click on the Server of interest. Example: HP ProLiant DL1000 G6
- Click on: "Power Calculator" link. (You may need to scroll
down to see it)
System Specifications
One 6' Highline (IEC-IEC) power cord ships standard
NOTE: ProLiant DL servers are primarily
connected to PDU's in data center racks so they ship standard with only
a PDU power cord (416151-B21). If a user wishes to power a ProLiant DL
server using a 110V receptacle (NEMA-15), the NEMA power cord (227099-001)
must be ordered separately.
NOTE: Japan BTO and CTO configurations
get the 6' 4165151-291 power cord in addition. China BTO and CTO configurations
get the 6' 416151-AA1 power cord in addition.
NOTE: If customers require a local power
cord, they can check the power cord matrix for the appropriate cord. Please
see the following power cord matrix: https://www.hp.com/go/powercordmatrix.
Hewlett-Packard offers end-of-life HP product return, trade-in, and recycling
programs in many geographic areas. For trade-in information, please go
to: https://www.hp.com/go/green.
To recycle your product, please go to: https://www.hp.com/go/green
or contact your nearest HP sales office. Products returned to HP will
be recycled, recovered or disposed of in a responsible manner.
The EU WEEE directive (2002/95/EC) requires manufacturers to provide
treatment information for each product type for use by treatment facilities.
This information (product disassembly instructions) is posted on the Hewlett
Packard web site at: https://www.hp.com/go/green.
These instructions may be used by recyclers and other WEEE treatment facilities
as well as HP OEM customers who integrate and re-sell HP equipment.


text:
The Psalms show us how to relate to God as we pray our doubt, fears and anger. They show us how to respond to God in praise. Here we find the best place to explore who we are and what God means to us.
New features of the revised LifeGuides include special options for group activities, additional questions for personal reflection, a "Now or Later" section with practical follow-up activities for use after the study or between sessions, expanded and improved leaders' notes and an attractive, redesigned format for easier reading.
Beginning with the new guides Miracles and Pleasing God (released in February 1999), all new LifeGuides will be presented in the new format. In addition more existing volumes will be revised every year to ensure that all our LifeGuides continue to be effective Bible study resources for the twenty-first century.


text:
These versatile espadrille style sandals have an open-toe and open-back design, with an adjustable strap around the ankle. Pair them with jeans and a cute blouse or with a dress.
- Pattern type: Solid
- Style: Casual, chic
- Features: Adjustable ankle strap, platform sole
- Material: PU leather
- Imported
- Product measurements: sole height 2 in