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Three Passes Trek
3. Everest Three Pass trek –
Everest Three Pass is the ultimate trekking experience which is little longer and more challenging as we have to cross three high passes. These trails are not standard Everest trail but views are worth hard trekking. Three pass includes Renjo La (5,388m), Chola La (5,380m) and Kongma La (5,535m). You will also trek three walking peaks; Gokyo Ri (5,483m), Kala Patthar (5,545m) and Chukkung Ri (5,550m). The whole trek is challenging and offers you amazing vistas of world's highest mountain giants.
The journey of three passes begins from Kathmandu followed up by flight to Lukla. From here we will be trekking to Namchee Bazaar then head west to Thame toward remote Nangpa Valley which is close to Tibet border. Our first pass is Renjo La pass; it is tough but stunning view of Mount Everest and Cho Oyu helps you to make trek more enjoyable. Then comes the Gokyo Lake where you can have rest day and then climb to Gokyo Ri. Continuing to Ngozsumpa Glacier and we arrive our second Pass, the Cho La. This pass is frequently icy.
After enough of hustling we give our trek continuity and reach Kala Pathhar then from there we descend to Lobuche. From here we trek to Kongma La and continue to Chukkung Ri. The villages here are very lovely with views of Ama Dablam, Lhotse, Nuptse, Makalu and Cho Oyu. After completion of circuit we return back to Lukla and we can see Sherpa villages and monasteries. From Lukla we come back to Kathmandu, shop in Thamel or take rest and relax.
Detailed Itinerary:
Day 01: Arrival in Kathmandu
Welcome to Kathmandu, our Sunrise Adventure Trek airport representative will welcome you in the airport then transfer to hotel and will give shortly brief further details of the trip program.
Day 02: Flight to Lukla, Trek to Phakding– B.L.D
Lukla is a famous as the village of Sherpa's. We arrange loads and commence our journey further ahead. Journey passes through Dudh Koshi ("Milk River"), and finally after hours of trek we reach to Phakding.
Day 03: Trek to Namche Bazaar– B.L.D
Namche Bazar. Namche Bazaar is the main administrative and trading centre for the Khumbu region. With the inclusive of magnificent forests of blue pine, fir, juniper and rhododendron as well as first view of Everest, it helps you to control the anticipation of the thrilling journey.
Day 04: Acclimatization Day in Namche Bazaar: – B.L.D
To adopt with the altitude and new surrounding we acclimatize in Namche Bazaar. We spend the day by enjoying the scenes of mountains and sunrise and sunset in Khumbu Peak. Beside that we you will either be taken to explore Thame Monastery or Khumjung village.
Day 05: Trek to Thame (3800m) – B.L.D
For our first pass, Renjo La to reach we have to leave usual Eveerest trail and take toward north-west toward Tibet to the village of Thame. Thame is famous as the Tenzing Norgay himself grew kup here.
Day 06: Trek to Lungden 4 – 5 hours– B.L.D
Trekking to Lungden is backed by Yaks, farmers and Sherpas. Then we pass the water stream to reach Lungden. Lungden is located at 4380m altitude which is 2 to 3 hours far from the stream.
Day 07: Cross Renjo La Pass (5345m/16184ft) and Trek to Gokyo Lake – B.L.D
Renjo La Pass is rocky and we can see yaks as well in the trail. Once we are on the top we can see magifiscent view of Everest. From there, we descend to Gokly Lake for overnight.
Day 08: Trek to Gokyo Ri: then trek to Thaknak/Dragnag– B.L.D
Gokyo Lake is at the elevation of 5483m. And early in the morning we steeply trek up there to get rewarding view of Gokyo valley and Khumbu Himalays such as Everest, Lhotse, Nuptse, Makalu, Cho-Oyu and Gychung Kang. Then we trek through ridge and Ngozumpa glacied. And descending down takes us to Thaknak, the views of Cho Oyu, Gokyo Ri and other mountains makes this trip worth taking.
Day 09: Cross Cho La pass (5420m/17782ft) and Trek to Dzongla: – B.L.D
The trail to Cho La Pass is bit slippery and said to be strenuous. The trail is in the edge of frozen Lake and we have to ascend through there where the decorations are made with prayer flags. Then we pass through crevasses to reach Dzongla. From here we can see amazing views of Cholatse, Lobuche and Ama Dablam mountains with Pheriche village.
Day 10: Trek to Lobuche: – B.L.D
We will be heading to Everest Base Camp. The trail is through Alpine meadows and summer yak pastures which is toward the end of the moraine of the Khumbu Glacier. From here, it is a steep, tough climb. Continue on towards Lobuche, where the view is straight towards Nuptse and the sunset is truly magnificent.
Day 11: Trek to Gorak Shep: – B.L.D
From Lobuche we trek to Gorak Shep. This is 5KM trek offering us an excellent time to see glacier named Changri and see other mountains, mostly sominated by Pumori.
Day12: Trek to Lobuche & Hike to Kala Patthar: – B.L.D
Today we take a hike to either EBC or to Kalapatthar, basically Kalapatthar is the best spot to speculate Everest whereas EBC is the base of the Everest where in season we can meet climbers and take amazing snapshots. After that we trek to Periche from Gorak Shep.
Day 13: Cross Kongma La Pass (5525m/16729ft) and Trek to Chhukung: – B.L.D
In the morning after breakfast, we continue our trail through Khumbu Glacier and ascend uphill to Kongma La (5525m). From Kongma La we can see beautiful views of Cholatse, Pokalde, Nuptse, Lhotse, Makalu and Ama Dablam. Later we descend through the rocky trail and continue walking along Niyang Khola Valley to Chhukung.
Day 14: Trek to Tengboche: – B.L.D
We head toward Tengboche and along the way we visit to the monastery believed to be the oldest in Khumbu village. And later from there we descend from rocky path and through pine forest to reach Tengboche village (3,860m) after ascending uphill.
Day15: Trek to Namche Bazaar: – B.L.D
Through the trail that passes through Dudh Koshi river. We will pass through forest and Chorten to arrive at an Army Camp from where we will climb the steep hill to make it to Namche Bazaar.
Day 16: Trek to Lukla: – B.L.D
This will be our last trek and today we will be trekking to Lukla to catch our flight to Kathmandu. We will spend the day by sightseeing around Lukla.
Day 17: Flight to Kathmandu: – B.D
In the morning we take flight back to Kathmandu and once again enjoy the scenic valleys and terrains full of beautiful mountains view and locations. In the evening you have to join special dinner program. This program is complementary from sunrise adventure trek.
Day 18: Departure from Kathmandu, Farewell! – B
Last day, you can either safely make return journey to home or you can join for another exciting adventure. And according to flight schedule you will be escorted to airport approximately 3 hours earlier to catch flight to your next destination.
Note meals included: B.B.L.D = Bed, Breakfast, and Lunch & Dinner
· All airport pick up and departure
· All transportation two way flight ticket -fly Kathmandu to Lukla & Fly out from Lukla to Kathmandu ,A/C car, tourist deluxe bus during trips
· Three star category hotel in the city in twin sharing bed with breakfast basis & nice trekking lodge during trekking
· Whole accommodations during trips
· We will provide sleeping bag & down-jacket during trek if you need
· Full meals during trekking as mention in the itinerary (Breakfast,Lunch, Dinner )
· First aid medicine item,
· Our T-shirt & Trip achievement certificate
· Trekking permit & TIMS card (Trekking Information Management System)
· Necessary staff, guide his salary, accommodation, meals and insurance, friendly & professional guide
· One especial cultural show and farewell dinner program
· Our government tax official expenses
· Extra meals in the Kathmandu & your personal expenses, bar bills & so on
· Clients international air ticket
· Clients travel insurance & tips for the trekking crewReply
1 reply
Please log in or sign up to join this adventure.


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subset: commoncrawl


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SEOUL (REUTERS) - North Korea blamed the South on Thursday for scuttling fresh dialogue that aimed to ease tensions between the rival Koreas, saying Seoul deliberately torpedoed reconciliation talks planned for this week.
The latest outburst indicates Pyongyang may seek a return to confrontation rather than dialogue, some observers said.
Earlier this year, North Korea threatened nuclear and missile strikes against South Korea and the United States after it was hit with UN sanctions for its February nuclear weapons test.
This week's aborted talks had been intended to reopen a closed joint industrial zone with the South in what would have been a confidence-building measure between two countries that remain officially at war.
The talks were cancelled when the two Koreas disagreed over the rank of the officials to head the delegations that were to meet in Seoul.
"The problem... is not a simple issue related to the level of the head of the delegation to the talks but a manifestation of its sinister intention to make the talks between authorities abortive," the North's Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of Korea said in a statement carried by the KCNA news agency.
Seoul had wanted senior ruling Workers' Party official Kim Yang Gon, a close advisor to North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, to attend the meeting. Pyongyang said that was unheard of in protocol terms as the official was too senior to meet with Seoul's Unification Minister who was heading the South's delegation.
Capitalist and democratic South Korea, one of the world's richest countries, and the impoverished North, now led by the third generation of a "socialist" ruling family, both claim to be the sole legitimate rulers of the entire Korean peninsula.
Korea was divided after the Second World War and the 1950-53 Korean War ended in an armistice rather than a permanent peace treaty, leaving the two countries technically at war.
"The war of nerves means it does not look like there will be an easy breakthrough that will lead to dialogue any time soon," said Yang Moo Jin of the University of North Korean Studies in Seoul.
Singling out a specific person to be the North's chief delegate may have touched a nerve in the status-conscious North, Yang said.
North Korea appeared to have hunkered down on Wednesday after the talks collapsed. It stopped answering a phone line it re-established on Friday that had been severed in April.
Experts say the North often alternates from threats of military action to negotiations in a bid to extract aid. Its long term aim is to win diplomatic recognition from the United States and to be recognised as a nuclear weapons state.
The puny size of its economy, and its limited diplomatic clout means the North has few options to achieve recognition other than being viewed as a threat to regional security through its nuclear weapons and long range missile programmes.
Jang Jin Sung, a former North Korean official who defected and now runs a website called New Focus International, described his old job at this time of the year as "farming" South Korea for aid after a period of heightened tension.
"Traditionally, North Korea begins by creating a tense atmosphere and presenting a hard line," he wrote. It then follows up with demands for aid, he said.
This week's talks had been aimed at reopening an industrial zone the North closed earlier this year amid the threats of war.
The Kaesong zone generated around US$90 million (S$113 million) a year in wages for the more than 50,000 North Koreans who worked there.
North Korea's one major diplomatic ally, China, has urged Pyongyang to abandon its nuclear weapons programme and return to talks.


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What is sequestration?
It's a wonky term long used in congressional appropriations staff rooms but now it's one of the hottest political issues in Washington: Sequestration.
But what, exactly is a sequester?
Simply put, it's the formal term for mandatory cuts to federal programs – the process of cordoning off money that may have been authorized by Congress but is now prohibited from being spent. Literally, the money is being "sequestered" – taken away from the federal agencies affected.
(Also on POLITICO: What's 'sequestration'? More are Googling term)
The process has been used over the years in other budgets, but now the federal government may be one of the biggest sequestrations of all time: $1.2 trillion in mandatory cuts – half from the military, half from domestic programs. The sequester was invented as part of the debt limit law last year and was meant to act as a punishment of sorts if the deficit supercommittee didn't come up with a complete package to cut the deficit.
Since the supercommittee failed, the sequester will now go into effect starting next year – slashing more than $500 billion from the military alone – which is why the defense industry, Pentagon advocates and military contractors around the country are lobbying so hard to stop it.


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« back to 2013 | Back to NCAA News Archive Index
By Greg Johnson
The NCAA Women's Lacrosse Rules Committee has recommended that players on the defensive team be allowed to move through any portion of their goal circle when their team is not in possession of the ball effective for the 2013-14 academic year.
Currently, only the goalkeeper is allowed to be in the defensive goal circle with the exception of a player entering the crease after the goalkeeper has moved outside the goal circle.
Under the recommended new rules, only the defender marking the player with the ball within a stick's length can remain in the goal circle. Once the ball is in the goal circle, only the goalkeeper or another defensive player may be in the goal circle to play the ball.
The committee experimented with a modified version of this rule during the fall of 2012. Membership feedback indicated positive support for the change.
"The committee wanted to create more balance between offense and defense," said Committee Chair Celine Cunningham, head coach and senior woman administrator at Stevens Institute of Technology. "It gives defenders more freedom around the goal circle."
All rules proposals must be approved by the Playing Rules Oversight Panel, which will discuss women's lacrosse rules recommendations during a conference call July 17.
The committee also recommended that coaches only be allowed three stick check requests during a game, including overtime, and that mandatory stick checks by officials be eliminated.
Coaches may request stick checks after a goal is scored or during any stoppage of play.
Included in this proposed rule change are the following procedures:
If the opposing coach requests a stick check after a goal, the official will inspect the pocket of the scoring player's crosse. If the stick is found to be illegal, the goal will not count and the opposing team will be awarded possession at the center circle; the opposing coach will not be charged with a stick check request.
If a player doesn't drop her stick after a scoring play, the goal is disallowed and possession is awarded to the other team at the center circle.
Committee members feel that this proposal allows coaches more control over when stick checks occur.
Currently, officials are required to conduct two mandatory stick checks per half per team. These stick checks can occur at any time during the course of a game.
The committee recommended that a major foul committed on the scorer during or after a shot will result in possession awarded at the center circle.
The goal will stand, and the foul is penalized with a free possession at the center circle.
"The committee always looks to improve student-athlete safety concerns," Cunningham said. "We felt this proposal addresses those concerns."
The committee recommended that each team be allowed three timeouts during regulation time. Teams will be awarded one timeout in overtime.
Table personnel will be allowed to sound a horn when a team is requesting any possession timeout. The committee received several requests that an additional timeout be added.
Currently, teams are allowed two timeouts and table personnel can only sound the horn on dead-ball requests.
© 2013 The National Collegiate Athletic Association
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Outmusic is a network of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgendered musicians and supporters. Performers, composers, lyricists, producers, recording artists, activists, promoters, press/media and even non-musicians who believe in LGBT music have joined Outmusic over the years.
Tuesday, February 10, 2009
Organization Spotlight: Outmusic
Posted by Queers United at 4:00 PM
Labels: gay artists, gay musicians, music, musicians, organization spotlight, outmusic
1 comment:
Cool...I've been searching for something like this for awhile now. Thanks for sharing! :)
- February 10, 2009 at 7:12 PM
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OVHcloud Industry
For 20 years now, OVHcloud has set itself apart as an alternative that promotes an open cloud. Our cloud is SMART: simple, multi-local, accessible and straight-forward in terms of its pricing, and above all, reversible. It is also interoperable and transparent. We have worked hard to foster and promote these values over the last two decades.
We are pure cloud players. Our business is unique — we design and supply IT infrastructures, namely cloud-based solutions, without ever competing with our customers.
Our long-standing belief is that by managing our production chain and designing innovative technology, we bring value to our customers. We offer you the very best performance at a competitive price, and can guarantee full control over our infrastructure, due to its open environment.
This manifesto outlines our vision of the cloud we want to promote. We are at the heart of the data revolution. To ensure that this revolution benefits everyone, we must give people the freedom to manage their data, take action and design innovative technology. Our core belief is that technology must be adapted to suit its users' needs, not the other way round, and this is reflected in our motto: Innovation for Freedom.
An industrialised model to meet our customers' needs
The way OVHcloud manages its own production chain is a key reflection of its values, and what sets it apart from other providers. It helps us provide our customers with cutting-edge solutions at a competitive price. From the provisioning of hardware and isolated components to deployment in datacentres, we have set up a full industrial process that provides our customers with servers to suit a wide range of uses, and they can be delivered in 120 seconds.
For 20 years, we have been building our own servers. This industrial excellence is based in our two OVHcloud factories, in Canada and France. Our production factory in Croix has 14,000 m² dedicated to manufacturing, logistics and R&D, and we have raised our annual production rate from 120,000 servers to 400,000, as a result of lean management.
With this integrated model, we can innovate continuously in short cycles. We are also able to significantly cut down the amount of time between prototype and large-scale manufacturing, and can quickly offer new products on the market as a result.
1 Million
of physical servers produced since 1999
1,4 Millions
of customers throughout 132 countries around the world
of our servers built in less than four days
A proprietary infrastructure to offer maximum performance and security
We operate our own fibre optic network, which presents a unique advantage on the market. As a result, we can offer unlimited bandwidth with all of our Dedicated Server solutions. To meet the growing needs of OVHcloud customers, we have doubled our bandwidth speed to 1 Gbit/s.
At OVHcloud, we take protection very seriously. By managing our own network, we can offer the very highest resiliency and optimal security. We supply one of the highest performance anti-DDoS solutions on the market to provide round-the-clock protection for your services, regardless of the volume or duration of an attack.
70 Tbps
of global network capacity
37 datacenters
present on 4 continents
44 redundant PoPs
around the world
Datacentres — optimised to guarantee the highest service quality
We are experts in running datacentres and making investments sustainable. The way that we design, build and manage our sites is a true testament to our expertise. We built our first datacentre in Paris in 2003, and we now have more than 30 datacentres spread across the globe.
We receive certifications and audits from independent organisations every year, in order to guarantee that our infrastructures and services are compliant with best practices and international standards. We have recently received ISO/IEC 27001 certification for our Bare Metal range*.
We monitor service quality in real time, strengthen our security procedures continuously to face any kind of risk or attack, and we have optimised predictive maintenance using artificial intelligence.
* This certification covers our datacentres in Roubaix (RBX2, 3, 5, 6, 7), Strasbourg (SBG1, 3, 4), Beauharnois (BHS1-BHS7), Singapore and Sydney.
An eco-friendly approach for our future
Here at OVHcloud, the environmental challenges associated with digital services are at the very top of our agenda, especially for our datacentres. This is why we have always worked hard to minimise our carbon footprint. Through designing our datacentres to run without air-conditioning, recycling our components, improving their energy efficiency and prolonging their life cycles, we maintain an eco-friendly approach in all of our design, manufacturing and operational processes.
We are always working to make our datacentres more energy-efficient, and we are pioneers in water-cooling technology. Since 2003 we have developed our own water-cooling system for our servers, and we have also developed cooling hubs behind our servers to create autonomous racks, which OVHcloud can deploy anywhere and keep fully-isolated from external temperature conditions.
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
of parks using watercooling
70 kt
CO2 equivalent
200 kg
of CO2 emissions on average per server / year
An OVHcloud culture at the service of innovation and continuous improvement
At OVHcloud, being an industrial provider involves fostering a solid company culture that drives innovation. Our core values are trust, which helps us build solutions together, passion, which inspires dedication, teamwork with our customers and our partners, disruption to innovate and think outside the box, and responsibility, since we always hold responsibility for our actions.
OVHcloud as part of an open ecosystem
To cultivate innovation, it is important to have a good network. Shared innovation at OVHcloud reflects how much we value openness and transparency. We are part of an ecosystem of major and smaller-scale tech players, including Intel and NVIDIA, who all keep their customers' interests at heart. We are also involved in R&D programmes with some of our technical partners.
This co-innovation approach is the reason why we run the Digital Launch Pad programme, build relationships with resellers, maintain the partner programme, and team up with schools and universities. We play a very active part in the open-source community, as both a contributor and a sponsor of a number of projects.
Awarded as Service Provider of the Year (Global or EMEA) by VMware
+ 300
Standard Partners
+ 100
Advanced Partners
+ 1500
accompanied startups


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"The pearl shimmer finish is so pretty."
"Card was so adorable! Great selection and arrived on time!"
"I turned this communion invitation into a Communion Announcement that I wanted to send to family and close friends. The format allowed me to customize my order to exactly how I envisioned my son's Communion Announcements to be. The step by steps were very easy to follow, uploaded my picture was easy as well, and I had the option of having rush shipping. They arrived at the time that was indicated and looked just as beautiful as demonstrated when I created it. I was very impressed."
"I love Shutterfly cards! They are the best quality out there."
"I loved the color combination. It worked perfect for my son's first holy communion."


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A researcher has bypassed Microsoft's temporary fix for a zero-day Internet Explorer browser vulnerability that hackers have been exploiting for a month.
The exploit, developed by Peter Vreugdenhil of the vulnerability analysis company Exodus Intelligence, places pressure on Microsoft to release a permanent fix sooner rather than later. The software maker did not include a permanent patch in its advanced notification of seven security updates set for release next week.
Vreugdenhil was able to bypass Microsoft's "fix it" in a fully patched Windows XP system running IE 8, said Brandon Edwards, vice president of Intelligence at Exodus. Microsoft released the temporary fix last week for the bug that affects IE6, IE7 and IE8 browsers released between 2006 and 2009.
Hackers started exploiting the flaw on Dec. 7 by planting malware on the respective servers running the websites of the Council on Foreign Relations, a foreign policy think-tank, and Capstone Turbine, a U.S. manufacturer of gas-powered micro-turbines. People visiting the sites with the affected browsers were open to having their computers hijacked and personal data stolen.
Vreugdenhil, an IE expert, was able to find a way around Microsoft's fix in six hours. "It's a quick turnaround time to identify a flaw in a fix," Edwards said.
Microsoft's temporary fix is meant to block the way the flawed code is being exploited in the wild by crashing the browser before malware can be installed. However, the fix cannot cover all the different paths a criminal can take to exploit the bug.
"What we did was identify another path to reach the vulnerability and exploit it," Edwards said. A permanent patch would involve rewriting the code, so the vulnerability no longer exists.
[See related: 10 ways to secure browsing in the enterprise]
Microsoft confirmed that Exodus had contacted it about the findings. "We are aware of this claim and have reached out to the group for more information," said Dustin Childs, group manager for Microsoft Trustworthy Computing.
While agreeing that Exodus' work added pressure on Microsoft to release a permanent fix, security experts said the company's Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit would prevent criminals from exploiting the vulnerability. EMET is a utility Microsoft provides at no charge. The mitigation technology acts as a wall hackers must climb in order to reach a flaw.
"Organizations wanting safety until the official patch is released should be using EMET, as it is far superior to the one-click 'fix it," said Chester Wisniewski, a senior security adviser for Sophos.
In related news, Symantec linked the latest vulnerability to a sophisticated hacker group that the vendor calls the Elderwood gang. An analysis of the attack code used in the compromised Web sites revealed similarities to other code used by the group.
Since 2009, the group has used as many as nine zero-day exploits distributed in malware sent through targeted emails, known as spear phishing, or planted in hacked sites.
Zero-day vulnerabilities are especially valuable to cybercriminals because they affect software vendors have not yet patched.
This story, "Researcher sidesteps Microsoft fix for IE zero-day" was originally published by CSO.


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This one is my favorite! Isn't it cute?! It is a baby cord. I love all the cute little vintage-y animals prancing all over it!! Myra will be getting a jumper out of this. I'll be on the search for some knit in one of those colors to make her a shirt to wear under it. So fun!!
All of the fabrics have that old attic smell. Although I suspect that they come by it honestly, it doesn't appeal, so they are headed for the wash now.


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1-Mattis Justo Quam
1-consectetur. Curabitur blandit tempus porttitor. Praesent commodo cursus magna, vel scelerisque nisl consectetur et. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.
"Have You Been Injured?"
Location: Hynson Lounge
CHESTERTOWN, MD—On Thursday, March 21, the Richard Holstein '68 Ethics Program will present "Have You Been Injured?", a lecture by New York attorney Jayne Conroy, co-founder of Hanley Conroy LLP. A skilled litigator and strategist, Conroy will share her experience with high-profile product liability lawsuits involving the 9/11 terror attacks, the BP oil spill, Toyota and pharmaceutical giants such as Pfizer. The event begins at 5:30 p.m. in Hynson Lounge, Hodson Hall, on the Washington College campus, 300 Washington Avenue. It is free and open to the public.
For many years Conroy acted as national trial and coordinating defense counsel to a multi-national corporation and several of its subsidiaries. In recent years she has represented plaintiffs exclusively in a wide variety of product-liability matters, most recently those involving pharmaceuticals. Her practice has brought actions on behalf of several thousand plaintiffs who were administered the drugs Actos, OxyContin, Zelnorm, Zyprexa, Vioxx, Celebrex, Bextra, Ephedra, Chantix, Yazmin and Yaz, as well as those injured by gadolinium contrast dyes and medical devices such as DePuy artificial hips. Since 2006, she has been credited with recovering some $300 million in damages.
On behalf of 9/11 victims and their families, Conroy sued the financial sponsors of terrorism and helped forge substantial settlements against airlines and airport security companies.
A graduate of Dartmouth College and the New England School of Law, Conroy worked in U.S. District Courts throughout New York and the District of Columbia before forming Hanley Conroy LLP in 2002. She is Chair of the Products Liability Committee of the New York City Bar Association.
Her lecture is sponsored by the Holstein Ethics Committee at Washington College, founded by 1968 alumnus Richard Holstein to encourage students to examine the ethical aspects of their actions.


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Attractive corojos.The Bohemian Red is a complex blend hand-rolled in the Dominican Republic by cigar maker Jose Dominguez. It offers a unique, full-bodied flavor with a very interesting, robust character that comes from its genuine Corojo wrapper. Beautifully constructed of fine long-fillers from Nicaragua, Brazil and the Dominican Republic. This enticing cigar is medium-bodied in strength with some oomph!
I very much like this Bohemian Red Corojo. Found it to be just like the description. A wonderful rich tabacco flavor, with a sweet spicyness. The aroma is outstanding. My daughter told me (and I agree) the aroma is very spicy and wonderful. As most Dominicans are, they are very smooth with no harshness, yet a medium to full bodied experience. I smoke mostly maduros and corojos. This is going to be my everyday corojo. Used to smoke Indian Tabac Classic, a nice cigar, but I like this Bohmian better.
Truth be told, I only let these sit for two days off the truck. Usually give them three weeks just to settle. Yet, I found this corojo stick enoyable. The Bohemian Cuban Corojo is a Dominican and is smooth as most Dominicans tend to be. I find these to be mild-medium in body yet a very nice, subtle spicy-sweetness to them. I enjoy this cigar. Not as bold as many corojos, yet very nice. The aroma is an enjoyable spicyness. All-in-all a pleasent smoke.
Got a box of the Special Figurado for $29.00. Very good cigar. Reminds me of a giant version of a Sinclair 55 corojo. Kind of wish I'd bought two bundles of them. Probably will buy two more before they're gone (or at least before the price changes. $29.00 is a steal!)
I picked up 20 of these of a 2 for Tuesday deal. The night they showed up I opened the bundles and loaded them in to the humi. I left one out to try. I like to do that although I know it may not present the best qualities of the stick. That being said I was underwhelmed. I am smoking one now after about 2 weeks in the humi. Totally different experience. This is a great medium bodied stick. Great spice and tobacco flavors with a nice body of smoke. For less then $2 stick I am very very pleased. I would pay more for it, but I am glad I didn't.
Thanks CI!
Got this is a great sampler of VC Corojos! All three varieties are similar in fullness, but distinct in flavor. The Bohemian is the mellowest of the three, a very nice but full smoke all the way through.
I have found a new fave with this one. Got one in a sampler and I am sold on this one. Mild to medium and packed full of flavor and seriously, after I smoked it down to my fingers I was wanting more. This is a definite buy and I'm keeping it in my rotation.
I got this in a sampler pack (along with Vegas 5 classic, padilla, La Caya, Gurkha, Indios, and many other amazing ones for a low low price-thx CI!!). What an amazing draw, cool smoke, not too smokey not too light. I absolutely smoked this down to my fingers! That is when I could get it away from my wife! She only likes cigars that do not leave a bite in the nose /throat, so I usually get them back after a few puffs. Not this time. Excellent mild to med flavor all the way down. When I can afford these they will see my humidor.
Beautiful cigar/light brown/well constructed. The first third I'm thinking mild medium. Gorgeous firm white ash stayed on beyond the 30% mark with heafty white plumes. At halfway I stood up for cold one and was a bobbin and weavin' --what a kick. Time to get a box.
I RECIEVED THESE IN A SAMPLE OFFER BY VICTOR SINCLAIR IN THE 6 BY 50 RING SIZE (Bohemian Red) AND AFTER TRYING 2 OF THEM I KNEW I HAD FOUND A GOOD CONSISTENT GREAT TASTEING CIGAR ,THE BOHEMIAN RED COROJO AND THE BLACK BOHEMIAN ARE A GREAT FIND,PLAN ON FILLING MY HUMIDOR WITH THIS RED AND BLACK BRAND BY VC.
I picked up a sampler during my checkout but was somewhat skeptical. But friends, I lit up a Bohemian Cuban Corojo tonight and I'm a believer! Once you fire this baby up, it burns even and slow. Don't let the size fool you! This little mama aims to please. It has earned a spot in my rotation and I suggest you grab some for yourself.
I stopped by the new CI store on 7 July whilst in Pennsylvania for an antique aeroplane fly-in. John was there, helpful as usual, just as all the staff are. I tried one of these cigars (Bohemian Red - Corojo) in the Greenwich Village size and liked it very much. An excellent draw produced a slightly-more-than-medium body and excellent flavour. The burn was easily kept in order, needing only slight attention. The twisted head and rough foot made for an interesting-looking cigar, one I will continue to buy.


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Due to my father-in-law's cancer, the mood is fairly grim these days at Casa MetroDad.
That's why I was pleasantly surprised to get an e-mail today from my wife with the subject heading, "This warmed my heart and put a smile on my face today." Not much puts a smile on my beautiful wife's face these days but when I saw it for myself, I completely understood. Somehow, this touching video speaks to the indomitable strength of the human spirit. It's amazingly uplifting. Few things have ever made me smile and tear up at the same time. I simply can't stop watching it.
See for yourself...
Where the Hell is Matt? (2008) from Matthew Harding on Vimeo.
This video reminds me why I love traveling around the world so much. It's because getting to intimately know people all over the planet always reminds me that, deep-down inside, we're so much more similar than we are different. It's something we should all strive to remember every day.
In a similar way, it also reminds me of why I love blogging so much. Through the power of the internet, the world has become such a smaller place. Ever since I mentioned my father-in-law's cancer, we've received so many incredibly touching e-mails from people all over the world. People from Malaysia to India to Greece have all taken time out of their busy days to express their deepest sympathies and send their warmest thoughts and prayers. I can't even begin to express how much that means to us.
I hope this inspirational video makes your day just as it made ours. And may it remind all of us that, despite all the hate in the world, we're more similar than we could ever imagine.
Peace out.


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The Misfits notebook belongs to the collection "Notebloc + Swissted vol.1".
Swissted is an ongoing project by graphic designer Mike Joyce,currently living in New York. Mike has redesigned vintage punk, hardcore, new wave, and indie rock show flyers into International Typographic Style posters. Joyce has adapted some of his most emblematic masterpieces to covers for some Notebloc notebooks.
The paper in the Notebloc notebooks is printed with our inverted grid pattern, which will magically disappear once scanned with the Notebloc app. It can be downloaded for free from Google Play and the App Store.
With the Notebloc app you can create a digital copy of your notes, sketches and drawings and also share them through a click by email, WhatsApp and Social Media.
Specifications of the notebooks:
- Original Poster: The Misfits at Great Gildersleeves, 1983
- Cover material: Coated paper, 250 grams / sqm
- Finishing: Covers with anti-scratch matte lamination coating. Notebloc logo embossed on top right corner.
- Paper: Offset paper 80 grams / sqm
- Grid design: Printed in the Notebloc inverted grid layout
- Number of pages: 64 pages (32 sheets)
- Binding: Saddle-stitched binding
- Size: 21.5 cms width x 29.7 cms height
- Designed in New York and made in in Barcelona


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Lectures for a New Year: Philip Glass Performs "Mad Rush"
In 1979, Philip Glass wrote a solo piano piece called "Mad Rush" (a piece of "indefinite length") in honor of the 14th Dalai Lama's visit to North America. I find the piece very moving -- there's something simultaneously contemplative and urgent about the music. I listen to it a lot while writing, in its 13-minute version from Glass's album Solo Piano -- the whole album is terrific, and nerds may recognize one piece from its appearance on Battlestar Galactica (apparently Kara Thrace's dad was Philip Glass!).
Today is Philip Glass's 75th birthday, so I thought I'd close out January's lecture series by sharing a brief (three-minute) selection from "Mad Rush," as performed by Glass in Two Moon July. In the end, perhaps the most moving lecture is one without words.
Topics: social change through nonviolence; repetition.
For: everyone.
Further Listening
Check out Solo Piano for a much longer version of the piece. You may also enjoy this performance from 2008 in which Glass introduces and explains the piece, then plays a medium-length version. The audio isn't perfect, but you get the idea. If that's not enough Glass for you, try the Koyaanisqatsi soundtrack, or check out Philip Glass's Music on Sesame Street.
Sheet music is available.
Closing Remarks & Suggest a Lecture
Although this is the end of my first January lecture run, I've got more in the works -- in a few weeks we'll see what Lectures for a New Year turns into. If you missed a lecture in this first series, check out the roundups of week 1, week 2, week 3, and week 4. If you've got a favorite lecture, share it in the comments and I'll have a look. Thank you for watching this month, and stay tuned!


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To cite this page, please use the following:
· For print: Citation: AntWeb. Version 8.95.1. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org. Accessed .
· For web:
Extant: 3 valid subspecies
Taxonomic history
Acromyrmex octospinosus is a leaf cutting and fungus growing ant in the tribe Attini. The highly polymorphic workers are reddish brown to nearly black, and measure up to 7.5 mm in length. They are mainly characterized by the absence of median spines, the flattened shape of the lower pronotal spines which have a blunt or rounded tip, and sparse pubescence (Gonalves, 1961). Like its relatives in the closely related Atta, A. octospinosus workers harvest foliage from live plants. The foliage is brought back to specialized underground chambers and used to cultivate a fungus the ants depend upon for nutrition. Acromyrmex octospinosus is considered a significant agricultural pest (Cherrett & Peregrine, 1976). The species ranges from Mexico to northern South America and into the Caribbean.// Distribution
Native range: Mexico to northern South America and into the Caribbean.
Introduced range: Caribbean: Carriacou, Curaao and Guadeloupe.
Goncalves (1961) provides a brief overview of the species, including its ecology. Acromyrmex octospinosus can live in a wide variety of habitats, including forests, open agricultural fields and backyards. Nests are shallow and tend to smaller than those of most Atta species, and can be formed in soil, under rocks, in ravines, atop tree buttress roots, in tree crevasses, and opportunistically beneath artificial substrates including sheet metal, cement and roofing slates (Urich, 1895; Weber, 1945; Wetterer et al., 1998). The species also harvests a wide variety of vegetable matter (Wetterer et al., 1998)
Acromyrmex octospinosus is currently in the process of expanding its range into the Caribbean. Populations have recently been introduced to Carriacou, Curaao and Guadeloupe and appear to be spreading (Cherrett, 1968; Cherrett & Peregrine, 1976; Mikheyev, 2008; Pollard, 1982; Solomon, 2007). The Guadeloupe population is believed to have most likely originated from a single-queen introduction from Trinidad and Tobago, although northeastern South America is also a possibility (Mikheyev, 2008; Mikheyev et al., 2006). Spread of the Guadeloupe population is slow and even (0.51 0.20 km/year). The inadvertent transport of the species may be limited by the large size and easy detection of A. octospinosus queens (Mikheyev, 2008). Another factor working to limit future introductions is that the species requires large excavated cavities for their fungus gardens (Mikheyev, 2008; Wetterer et al., 1998).In Costa Rica (Jack Longino)
At La Selva Biological Station Acromyrmex octospinosus nests near ground level in mature forest. Nests have been observed in the bases of dead trees and under a piece of broken cement culvert in the leaf litter.
On 17 March 1993, mid dry season, I observed many alates, mainly queens, at La Selva Biological Station. They were at the lab clearing blacklight at 6:00am, suggesting a predawn nuptial flight.
Wetterer (1991) reports quantitative data on the foraging ecology of the species at La Selva.
Fernandez-Marin et al. (2003) report on nest founding behavior:
(Abstract) Foundresses of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus in central Panama forage for leaves as garden substrate (semi-claustral foundation). The fungal pellet and substrate usually are attached to rootlets, which are used as a platform for the garden. This arrangement keeps the garden suspended away from the earthen chamber of the underground nest during early colony growth, and we hypothesize that it serves to minimize contact between the garden and contaminants. A. octospinosus foundresses produce from 3 to 7 workers in 2.7 months after founding the nest, but workers do not forage for substrate at this time. Incipient nests died or were abandoned at a monthly rate of ca. 50%. We show that ants routinely clean their legs before manipulating the garden substrate. We also describe how foundresses use their fore-legs to rub the surface of the metapleural gland, and they then use typical grooming behaviors to pass the forelegs through the mouthparts, after which the ant then licks the garden substrate. Similarly, ants apparently use their mouths to transfer fecal droplets to their legs. We briefly discuss the functional significance of these grooming behaviors, and hypothesize that they are prophylactic behaviors that may help the foundress maintain a hygienic garden.
Diagnosis among workers of introduced and commonly intercepted species. Antennae 11-segmented. Antennal club indistinct. Antennal scrobe lacking. Eyes medium to large (greater than 5 facets), but distinctly less than half head length. Antennal insertion not surrounded by a raised sharp-edged ridge. Frontal lobes do not obscure face outline between mandible and eye. Posterolateral corners of head spinose. Mandibles triangular. Dorsum of promesonotum with 3 pairs of spines or teeth. Propodeum armed with spines or teeth. Waist 2-segmented. Petiole with a distinct and upright node. Postpetiole attached to lower surface of gaster. First gastral tergite with numerous tubercles. Color reddish brown to nearly black.
Acromyrmex octospinosus is distinguished from closely related Atta species by the presence of three spines on the promesonotum (two in Atta), and the presence of tubercles on the first gastral tergite. The species is distinguished from its only congener native to the United States (A. versicolor Pergande) by its distinctly longer promesonotal spines and distinctly less sculptured head and body.
Cherrett, J.M. (1968) Some aspects of the distribution of pest species of leafcutting ants in the Caribbean. Proc. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. Trop. Reg., 12, 295-310.
Cherrett, J.M. & Peregrine, D.J. (1976) A review of the status of leaf-cutting ants and their control. Ann. Appl. Biol., 84, 124-128.
Gonalves, C.R. (1961) O genero Acromyrmex no Brasil (Hym. Formicidae). Stud. Entomol., 4, 113-180.
Fernandez-Marin, H., J. K. Zimmermann, and W. T. Wcislo. 2003. Nest-founding in Acromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini): demography and putative prophylactic behaviors. Insectes Sociaux 50:304-308. Hlldobler, B. & Wilson, E.O. (1990) The ants. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., xii + 732 pp.
Kliejunas, J.T., Tkacz, B.M., Burdsall, H.H., Jr., DeNitto, G.A., Eglitis, A., Haugen, D.A. & Wallner, W.E. (2001) Pest risk assessment of the importation into the United States of unprocessed Eucalyptus logs and chips from South America. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. Madison, WI, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-124, 134 p.
Mikheyev, A.S. (2008) History, genetics and pathology of a leaf-cutting ant introduction: a case study of the Guadeloupe invasion. Biol. Invasions, 10, 467-473.
Mikheyev, A.S., Mueller, U.G. & Abbot, P. (2006) Cryptic sex and many-to-one coevolution in the fungus-growing ant symbiosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 10702-10706.
Pollard, G.V. (1982) A review of the distribution, economic importance and control of leaf-cutting ants in the Caribbean Region, with an analysis of current control programmes. In: Brathwaite, C.W.D. & Pollard, G.V. (Eds.) Urgent plant pest and disease problems in the Caribbean. IICA, Port of Spain, pp. 43-61.
Schultz, T. R., D. Bekkevold, and J. J. Boomsma. 1998. Acromyrmex insinuator new species: an incipient social parasite of fungus-growing ants. Insectes Sociaux 45:457-471. Solomon, S.E. (2007) Biogeography and evolution of widespread leafcutting ants, Atta spp. (Formicidae, Attini). Ph.D. thesis, The University of Texas at Austin, xi + 95 p.
Urich, F.W. (1895) Notes on some fungus-growing ants in Trinidad. J. Trinidad Field Nat. Club, 2, 175-182.
Weber, N.A. (1945) The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part VIII. The Trinidad, B. W. I., species. Rev. Entomol. (Rio de Janeiro), 16, 1-88.
Wetterer, J. K. 1991. Foraging ecology of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus in a Costa Rican rain forest. Psyche 98:361-371.
Wetterer, J.K., Gruner, D.S. & Lopez, J.E. (1998) Foraging and nesting ecology of Acromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Costa Rican tropical dry forest. Florida Entomol., 81, 61-67.
Found most commonly in these habitats: 5 times found in rainforest, 1 times found in SSA, 5 times found in lowland wet forest, 4 times found in lowland rainforest, 4 times found in montane wet forest, 1 times found in edge pasture/trop. wet forest, 2 times found in tropical wet forest, 2 times found in urban, 1 times found in scrub veg., pasture edge, 1 times found in beach, ...
Found most commonly in these microhabitats: 7 times at bait, 1 times at blacklight, 1 times Hojarasca, 3 times ground, 3 times ex sifted leaf litter, 3 times sifting leaf litter, 2 times nocturnal strays, 1 times night collecting, active leaf-cutting colony, 1 times fungus garden under stone, 1 times Foraging leaves, 1 times column, ...
Collected most commonly using these methods: 6 times Winkler, 3 times Blacklight, 7 times Baiting, 8 times search, 5 times hand collecting, 4 times beating, 4 times Malaise, 2 times direct collection, 2 times Sweeping, 2 times flight intercept trap, 1 times Hand, ...
Elevations: collected from 5 - 1090 meters, 226 meters average
Collect Date Range: collected between 1922-10-01 00:00:00.0 and 2022-05-18 00:00:00.0
Type specimens: syntype of Acromyrmex octospinosus: casent0900490


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Wishbone Bike Original 3in1 Natural
Wishbone Bike Original 3in1 grows along with you - from baby walker to toddler trike to balance bike. So easy to use, babies can walk with Wishbone Bike, then ride outside to the park. Later, convert to two wheels and watch your toddler have fun balancing. No pedals, no stress. Lightweight, classic style, all-in-one, adjustable, fully repairable, natural wood for indoors, outdoors and offroad use. Comes with black grips. Assembled size and weight 102 x 50 x 49cm, 5.2kgs. Store indoors overnight. 1 year warranty. Easy video assembly.


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In response to advances in technology and the changing needs of the community, the New City Library endeavors to develop collections, resources, and services that meet the cultural, information, recreational, and educational needs of Clarkstown's diverse population. It is within this context that the library offers access to the Internet.
The Internet is currently an unregulated medium. It offers access to a wealth of information and graphical materials that are personally, professionally and culturally enriching to individuals of all ages. The Internet also allows access to some material that may be offensive and/or illegal.
Internet sources are not subject to the same selection criteria that the library uses for other materials.
The Library staff will not monitor any user's Internet use, except for length of time used to ensure equal opportunity of access for everyone. The Internet is a global entity with a highly diverse user population and patrons use it at their own risk. The Library has no control over information accessed through the Internet and is not responsible for its content. All Internet resources accessible through the library are provided equally to all library users. The user (or the parent/guardian of a minor) is responsible for his or her Internet session at all times. Minors are defined in this policy as children and young people under the age of 18 years of age.
Internet access in the Children's room may be "filtered" and/or guided to only certain sites. Filtering may or may not allow valid and legally protected materials to appear. Filtering may or may not stop offensive, inaccurate, or illegal materials to appear. No filter is 100% effective and the Library does not guarantee that a site may or may not be accessed.
It is the right and responsibility of parents or guardians, not the library or its staff, to determine what is appropriate and to monitor their minor child's use of the Internet. Minors are defined in this policy as children and young people under the age of 17 years. Parents are advised to supervise their child's Internet sessions.
A user's access to the Library's computer network and Internet is a privilege, not a right. A user may lose this privilege by his or her own actions, or by failing to report any violations by other users that come to the attention of the user. Failure to comply with this policy and its procedures will result in the forfeiture of the user's right to access these computers. (See Unacceptable Uses of Computers, below.) The Library reserves the right to terminate any Internet session that disrupts library services or that involves user behavior that violates the Library's policies. The Library staff will develop such rules and procedures as are necessary to ensure the fair and reasonable use of Internet access.
Acceptable Uses of Computers
Users should be sensitive to the public nature of shared facilities and take care not to display images, sounds, or messages in a way that will negatively affect those who find them objectionable or offensive. Display of Internet content should comply with personnel harassment policies and state and Federal laws.
Unacceptable Uses of Computers
Among the uses that are considered unacceptable and which constitute a violation of this policy are the following:
- Uses that violate the law or encourage others to violate the law. Transmitting of offensive or harassing messages; offering for sale or use any substance the possession or use of which is prohibited by law; viewing, transmitting or downloading pornographic materials or materials that encourage others to violate the law; downloading or transmitting confidential, trade secret information, or copyrighted materials. Even if materials on the networks are not marked with the copyright symbol, users should assume that all materials are protected unless there is explicit permission on the materials to use them.
- Uses that cause harm to others or damage to their property. Engaging in defamation (harming another's reputation by lies); uploading a worm, virus, "trojan horse," "time bomb" or other harmful form of programming or vandalism; participating in "hacking" activities or any form of unauthorized access to other computers, networks, or information systems.
- Uses that jeopardize the security of access of the computer network or other networks on the Internet. Disclosing or sharing the user's password with others; impersonating another user; using one's own software programs on the library's computers; altering the Library's computer settings; damaging or modifying computer equipment or software.
- Uses that compromise the safety and security of minors when using e-mail, chat rooms and other forms of direct electronic communications. Minors under age 18: Giving others private information about one's self or others, including credit card numbers and social security numbers; arranging a face-to-face meeting with someone one has "met" on the computer network or Internet without a parent's permission.
- Uses that are termed harmful to minors as defined by the Communications Act of 1934, 47 USC Section 254 [h][7, as meaning any picture, image, graphic image file, or other visual depiction that taken as a whole and with respect to minors, appeals to a prurient interest in nudity, sex, or excretion; depicts, describes, or represents, in a patently offensive way with respect to what is suitable for minors, an actual or simulated sexual act or sexual contact, actual or simulated normal or perverted sexual acts, or a lewd exhibition of the genitals; taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value as to minors.
- Uses that violate confidentiality of information, specifically: New York Consolidated Laws 4509 pertaining to library records, below:
4509. Library records.
Library records, which contain names or other personally identifying details regarding the users of public, free association, school, college and university libraries and library systems of this state, including but not limited to records related to the circulation of library materials, computer database searches, interlibrary loan transactions, reference queries, requests for photocopies of library materials, title reserve requests, or the use of audiovisual materials, films or records, shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed except that such records may be disclosed to the extent necessary for the proper operation of such library and shall be disclosed upon request or consent of the user or pursuant to subpoena, court order or where otherwise required by statute.
Adopted by the New City Library Board of Trustees on June 20, 2002.


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Scottie Pippen
Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
- Born:
- September 25, 1965 (age 58) Arkansas
- Awards And Honors:
- Most Valuable Player Olympic Games Basketball Hall of Fame (2010)
Recent News
Scottie Pippen, (born September 25, 1965, Hamburg, Arkansas, U.S.), American professional basketball player who won six National Basketball Association (NBA) titles (1991–93, 1996–98) as a member of the Chicago Bulls.
Pippen played high school basketball but stood just 6 feet 1 inch (1.85 metres) upon graduation. However, he had grown 2 inches (5 cm) by the time he entered the University of Central Arkansas, where he initially served as manager of the basketball team before earning a spot on the roster. By his senior year he was 6 feet 7 inches (2 metres) tall and was the team's best player. In 1987 the Seattle SuperSonics selected Pippen in the first round of the NBA draft and traded him to Chicago. During his rookie season (1987–88), he became a regular in the Bulls' lineup. Pippen possessed a notably multifaceted skill set: his size and strength served him well under the basket, while his ball-handling skills and shooting touch made him a threat from the outside. On defense, his long arms and quick footwork made him an imposing force and helped Pippen earn selection to the NBA's All-Defensive first team eight times over the course of his career.
When Pippen arrived in Chicago, he was overshadowed by teammate Michael Jordan, who already had been an All-Star in each of his first three years in the NBA. Playing alongside possibly the greatest player of all time, Pippen nevertheless began to draw attention for his own stellar play and was named to the first of seven career All-Star games in 1990. Pippen was a key contributor to the Bulls' three consecutive NBA championships from 1991 to 1993, and, with Jordan's retirement after the third title-winning season, Pippen became the primary star on the team. He led the Bulls to a 55–27 record during the 1993–94 season and was named first team All-NBA, but his first season in the spotlight was marred by his refusal to reenter a crucial play-off game with 1.8 seconds remaining because coach Phil Jackson diagrammed the final play to go to another player. Pippen was again first team All-NBA in 1994–95, but his dominance and Jordan's late-season return to basketball were not enough to advance the Bulls past the second round of the play-offs. Pippen and Jordan were joined by forward Dennis Rodman before the 1995–96 season, and the trio guided the Bulls to another three straight NBA titles (1996–98).
With Jordan's second retirement and Jackson's departure from the team, the Bulls entered into rebuilding mode and traded Pippen to the Houston Rockets in 1998. The following year, he was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers, where he had four fairly productive seasons, though no longer at an All-Star level. Before the start of the 2003–04 season, he signed again with Chicago but played only 23 games owing to injuries. In 2004 he retired from the NBA.
Pippen won two Olympic gold medals playing for the U.S. men's basketball team, including a stint as a member of the famed "Dream Team" at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona (his second gold came in 1996). He was named one of the 50 greatest players in NBA history in 1996, and he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2010. Pippen later published the memoir Unguarded (2021; written with Michael Arkush).


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(AllHipHop News) It has been a long battle for Richard Morales better known in rap circles as Gunplay.
Gunplay surrendered to police on October 9th on an outstanding warrant stemming from armed robbery and assault charges on April 13th, 2012.
Allegedly, the Cops & Robbers rapper assaulted and robbed Miami accountant Turron Woodside.
Less than a week later, TMZ leaked incriminating video footage of the alleged robbery/assault.
Gunplay was facing life in prison and went into court-mandated exile with his house arrest.
[ALSO READ: Gunplay Robbery And Assault Case Dismissed]
He has returned a free man with the case being dismissed after reports from TMZ of Woodside being "uncooperative" released.
Rejuvenated by this positive turn of events, the aggressive MC is ready to capitalize on the momentum he created before being thrown behind bars and restricted to house arrest.
Gunplay spoke exclusively with AllHipHop and took us on a play by play of his first week of being released since the case was dismissed:
"The next day I was in New York with the Bath Salt Boss…with Rozay at [BET's] Rip the Runway. I'm just chilling. It feels good to be around my dog and my family , I was just chillin smoking good ..reflecting on how these donkey n*ggas try to take a n*ggas s### ..that don't stop nothing we working ,we blessed ..we prayed up"
Gunplay also spoke about his upcoming Def Jam debut album, Medellin and what its going to take for it to find a release date.
"Shout out to Def Jam they ready," says the heavily tattooed Rick Ross associate "they just need that one hit, so I'm working. Sitting down with Rico Love and it's been 7 days since the case got dismissed. This is the 7th day today. I'm in the studio with Rico Love dropping that crack"
[ALSO READ: Gunplay Reveals Collaborations With Big Sean and Pharrell for Medellin]
The highly demanded singer/songwriter/producer Rico Love touched on reaching out to Gunplay to help work on his debut album:
"Gunplay is one of the illest lyricist. People don't know that and people don't understand how sick he is with the flow. How diverse he is. He can adapt to any beat. I've heard him rap on beats with all different tempos. I always was impressed with his delivery an even his bars. Line for line I think he has alot to offer the game"
[CHECK OUT: #FreshHeat: Travi$ Scott Ft. Gunplay, Fredo Santana & Chuck Inglish "P*ssy"]
Watch the first part of the AllHipHop.com interview with Gunplay here:
Follow Mikey T The Movie Star on Twitter @MTMovieStar
Follow Gunplay on Twitter @GunplayMMG


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Between 2008 and 2013, China's fledgling solar-electric panel industry dropped world prices by 80 percent, a stunning achievement in a fiercely competitive high-tech market. China had leapfrogged from nursing a tiny, rural-oriented solar program in the 1990s to become the globe's leader in what may soon be the world's largest renewable energy source.
"They fundamentally changed the economics of solar all over the world," said Amit Ronen, director of the Solar Institute of George Washington University, one of many scholars following the intense competition in the emerging $100 billion industry that supports the world's growing solar energy demands.
China's move eclipsed the leadership of the U.S. solar industry, which invented the technology, still holds many of the world's patents and led the industry for more than three decades. Just how China accomplished that and why it did is still a matter of concern and debate among U.S. experts.
One clear result is that the U.S. solar industry was hit hard by plunging prices and can no longer supply more than a third of rapidly growing U.S. appetite for solar panels, according to a recent Department of Energy report exploring "opportunities and challenges" of solar manufacturing.
China's new dominance of nearly all aspects of solar use and manufacturing—markets that are predicted to expand by 13 percent a year, according to the report—came through a "unique, complex and interdependent set of circumstances" that is not likely to be repeated.
But if the United States innovates, cuts costs and nurtures newer technologies, it might emerge as the world's second largest solar panel manufacturer by 2020, the report concludes.
The timeline of China's rise began in the late 1990s when Germany, overwhelmed by the domestic response to a government incentive program to promote rooftop solar panels, provided the capital, technology and experts to lure China into making solar panels to meet the German demand.
"The Chinese took it and basically ran with it," said Donald Chung, one of the authors of the DOE report, who studies the solar industry for DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo.
An industry propelled by tax credits
China, according to Chung, had "dabbled" in solar energy only as a source of electricity to help impoverished rural areas remote from its power grid. But then some of its pioneering companies became intrigued by the income that manufacturing solar panels for export to Germany might bring in. When Spain and Italy began their own rapidly expanding solar incentives, adding to the demand, China began scouring the world, hiring more solar experts and shopping for machinery and polysilicon supplies to meet the expected surge of orders for solar panels.
According to some veterans in the U.S. solar industry, China bought solar companies and invited others to move to China, where they found cheap, skilled labor. Instead of paying taxes, they received tax credits.
Chung notes that China's government was also generous in other ways. Making solar panels is difficult. To make them efficiently, the business requires large, semiautomated factories.
"It is not easy to add small bits of capacity to meet growing demands; you have to add it in big chunks," he said. He called it a "yo-yo effect" that tends to create more and more capacity. That made solar still more attractive to China.
China's solar companies have shareholders who want profits, Chung said. But the government "has other constituencies that are demanding jobs and factories to be put up." That pressure came from provincial and local governments that found, according to DOE, that the federal government was willing to chip in as much as $47 billion to help build its solar manufacturing into what it calls a "strategic industry."
Expanding renewable energy became one of seven categories of business that receive special attention including loans and tax incentives under China's five-year plans.
The result was that in building up the world's largest solar manufacturing industry, one that became the price leader in most aspects of the world's market—beginning with cheaper solar panels—China had helped create a worldwide glut. There were roughly two panels being made for every one being ordered by an overseas customer.
According to Ronen, the expert from George Washington University, China then decided to follow Germany's lead again, developing its own "feed-in tariff" that paid handsome prices for electricity generated by rooftop solar. The result was a surge in domestic demand for solar.
The demand was so great that in two years, by 2015, China's domestic market bypassed Germany's to be the largest in the world.
China tried to reduce the subsidy this year by setting a deadline for ending it, but that spurred another surge in domestic buying. "China put in 20 gigawatts in the first half of this year. The entire U.S. capacity is around 31 GW. The Chinese market appears enormous," said Ronen.
'They think they can wipe out all the competition'
China dominates the solar market in PV installation as well as total installed capacity, with the United States a distant third and fourth, respectively. Photo courtesy of the International Energy Agency.
U.S. experts are divided on where China's policies on solar energy appear to be headed. Some think it's a matter of government policies that ran out of control. After spending 30 years in the U.S. solar industry and in DOE watching solar markets, Ken Zweibel has recently retired, but he worries that there may be more to it than that. He calls it "black box economics."
"If there was ever a situation where the Chinese have put their whole governmental system behind manufacturing, it's got to be solar modules," Zweibel said. "I think they think they can wipe out all the competition in the world. It makes all kinds of sense if you have the staying power."
Wyatt Metzger, a principal scientist at NREL, takes a more benign view. "They have a centralized government and terrible pollution problems. They understand the need to get away from coal and to invest in clean energy," he said.
Whatever the reasoning was behind China's massive investment in solar module manufacturing, the impact on its U.S. competitors has not been benign. SunEdison of Belmont, Calif., filed for bankruptcy in April. The stocks of two other leading companies, First Solar and SunPower, were in the triple digits a decade ago. Now they are treading water, floating between 13 and 6 percent of their former values.
"[W]hat's left of the solar universe is showing severe signs of stress, and given the tricky accounting and the prevalence of China-based companies among the panelmakers, that stress may very well be understated," wrote Jim Collins in a recent market analysis for Forbesmagazine.
"People tend to view negatively that China has taken over [solar] module market share," said David Mooney, director of NREL's strategic energy analysis center. "It would have been better if that capacity had stayed in the U.S."
"Another side of the coin, from my perspective," he said, is 250,000 American jobs in the solar panel assembly, installation and maintenance business, many of which wouldn't have happened without the push from China that dramatically lowered solar module prices.
"Those jobs can't be outsourced," he said.
Could China create a global grid?
Moreover, China's plan for the global growth of the solar market is still a work in progress. In October, Liu Zhenya, former chairman of China's state-owned power company, State Grid Corp., came to the United Nations to shed more light on his nation's evolving solar ambitions, which he said are part of a plan aimed at organizing a global power grid that could transmit 80 percent renewable energy by 2050.
He calls his idea the Global Energy Interconnection. His speech invited U.N. support for a new international group to plan and build the grid. It's called the Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO), and China has named Liu its chairman. He ticked off the reasons for a global grid that would transmit solar, wind and hydroelectric-generated power from places on Earth where they are abundant to major population centers, where they are often not.
He gave three reasons for his new mission. Expanding energy demands will exhaust coal, oil and natural gas supplies over the next 110 years. Environmental pollution from fossil fuels will exacerbate serious pollution and health problems. And world leaders need a mechanism to cut the world's greenhouse gas emissions by half to prevent a potential 4-degree-Celsius rise in the Earth's average temperature, a possibility that Liu called "seriously threatening human survival."
His grid's development would take shape in three phases. First, Liu explained, individual nations would redesign their own power electric grids. He noted that China's effort is already underway, generating 140 GW of wind power and 70 GW of solar power, "more than that of any country of the world." By completing a network of long-distance, high-voltage direct-current power lines to move renewable power from the north to the south and from the east to the west, China could finish its new grid by 2025, he predicted.
The second phase, Liu described, would be an international effort to build regional grids that would be able to transmit substantially more power across national borders in Northeast and Southeast Asia, between Africa and Eurasia, and between nations in both North and South America. The third phase would build power lines and undersea cables that would connect the regional grids. The upshot would create what he called a "win-win situation" by generating clean electricity in places like Africa and Central America that are among the richest when it comes to sunshine, and selling the clean energy to major cities that have the biggest need for it.
The process would also bring more energy and energy-generating income to poorer nations, to help them develop. "In the Americas, we will speed up the development of Canada's hydropower and clean energy in southwestern and central U.S. and northern Mexico to be delivered to load [demand] centers in [the] East and West coasts of North America," he said.
There would be plenty of work for "all global players" to coordinate the effort, to share and innovate new technology, and to develop global standards and rules for cooperation, Liu promised. He closed his U.N. presentation with a glimpse of a future world where a combination of renewable energy, a network of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines and "smart grid" operating systems can serve the planet the way the human "blood-vascular system" serves the human body.
When the global grid is completed, "the world will turn into a peaceful and harmonious global village with sufficient energy, green lands and blue sky," he predicted.
Just how much harmony China's GEIDCO proposal might generate remains to be seen, but a U.N. press release noted that the meeting was attended by representatives of 70 organizations, including government organizations, businesses and universities. The U.S. delegation included people from DOE's Argonne National Laboratory and Stanford University. During his visit to the United States, Liu also met separately with representatives of the Electric Power Research Institute, which serves American utilities.
Reprinted from ClimateWire with permission from E&E News. E&E provides daily coverage of essential energy and environmental news at www.eenews.net.


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The theory of human evolution is taking yet another hit from recent scientific studies, from the first analysis of the Neandertal genome to painstakingly reconstructed Ardipithicus ramidus and Australopithecus sediba remains. The profusion of evolutionarily bias in media reports, however, can make it tricky to uncover the real evidence. What can science actually reveal about each of these and other specimens, as either candidates for human ancestry or as uniquely designed but now extinct creatures?
The journal Science recently compared the draft sequence of the Neandertal genome with the complete sequence of modern humans (and chimpanzees), showing evidence that Neandertals interbred with some anatomically modern humans.1 This came as no surprise to Bible believers, who for decades have interpreted Neandertals as having been fully human creatures with a few unique physical features.2 Many evolutionists have also come to believe this, in light of Neandertals' overwhelmingly human-like anatomy, artifacts, and burial practices.
But despite the extensive archaeological evidence that Neandertal was human, many scientists are nevertheless reluctant to consider that Neandertal interbred with human. This resistance comes from the still-lingering, late nineteenth century view that Neandertal was the immediate predecessor of mankind, a belief that has hindered proper understanding of Neandertal remains.These days, there should no longer be any doubt that Neandertal was not man's ancestor, but man's contemporary.
However, other suggested human ancestor candidates have enjoyed recent press coverage, and these have been more difficult to interpret based on the evidence presented. The March 2010 issue of Smithsonian magazine summarized some key hominids,3 which is a category of primates that is defined by evolutionary premises. It is supposed to include those creatures that walked or used to walk upright or partly upright--especially those suspected of being ancestral to man. This summary ought to discourage believers in human evolution, because it shows that there are no known clear-cut evolutionary ancestors to man, and therefore that hominids are actually either primate or man and not some transitional combination of the two.
Neandertal is not the only former candidate to undergo re-categorization from man's ancestor to fully human. The Smithsonian article noted that long-famous Java Man, which was "reconstructed" from just a fossilized skull cap, was eventually reclassified as man. Even after more complete specimens, also from Java, were published demonstrating this, proponent Eugene Dubois "'kept the faith,' believing that his beloved Pithecanthropus [Java Man] was uniquely the missing link."4
Smithsonian also discussed Ardipithecus, or "Ardi," which was the subject of 11 articles in a special 2009 issue of Science. Prior to this publication, evidence for this species having been a hominid "was based primarily on its teeth."3 Science also reported that Ardi's upper hip bone was angled a bit like a human's, which was interpreted as confirmation that it walked upright. But Ardi's feet had thumbs that look like those of modern apes, and the upper hip was comprised of so many glued-together fragments that it could accommodate any number of speculative reconstructions. The relevant section, the angle of the lower hip, was absent.5
In other publications, several evolutionists have openly rejected the idea that Ardi belongs in man's evolutionary past, because there just is no evidence to support such a conclusion.6, 7 Similarly, Smithsonian anthropologist Rick Potts "has yet to be convinced that the crushed but reconstructed pelvis proves upright walking."3
Piecing together enough fragmentary fossil evidence to even classify a specimen is hard enough for a researcher--creationist or evolutionist--let alone reconstructing its past habits, habitat, and social life. Thus, it might have been expected that the most recently added hominid may have been misnamed Australopithecus sediba by its discoverer, self-promoting anthropologist Lee Berger, in order to establish it as an ancestor of man.
A technical comparison of dozens of cranial features among hominids was recently conducted, showing that A. sediba had a fully human head.8 Perhaps it ought to have been classified in the genus Homo along with Neandertal, Java Man, and modern man. Maybe one day it will be. But since Dubois was unwilling to relinquish his "missing link" view of the Java find, who is to say that Berger won't keep promoting "Sediba" in just the same way?
Enough data is known about Neandertal and Java Man to confidently say that they were people. Enough is known about Ardi to confidently conclude that it was an extinct four-foot–tall, tree-dwelling primate. Not enough is known about "Australopithecus" sediba to confidently claim much at all.9 Taken together, for over a hundred years the human evolutionary candidates have turned out to be either man or beast, with not one clear example of an intermediate that could even suggest that man somehow "evolved" from an ape-like creature.
- Green, R. E. et al. 2010. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome. Science. 328 (5979): 710-722.
- Thomas, B. Neandertal Genome Confirms Creation Science Predictions. ICR News. Posted on May 28, 2010, accessed June 2, 2010.
- Gibbons, A. 2010. The Human Family's Earliest Ancestors. Smithsonian. 40 (12): 34-41.
- Lubenow, M. 2004. Bones of Contention. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 97.
- Thomas, B. 2009. Did Humans Evolve from 'Ardi'? Acts & Facts. 38 (11): 8-9.
- Harmon, K. How Humanlike was "Ardi"? Scientific American. Posted on scientificamerican.com November 19, 2009, accessed November 25, 2009.
- Sarmiento, E. E. 2010. Comment on the Paleobiology and Classification of Ardipithecus ramidus. Science. 328(5982): 1105
- Wood, T. C. 2010. Baraminological Analysis Places Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Australopithecus sediba in the Human Holobaramin. Answers Research Journal. 3 (2010): 71-90.
- Thomas, B. Australopithecus sediba: Another Human Ancestor? ICR News. Posted on icr.org April 14, 2010, accessed May 25, 2010.
* Mr. Thomas is Science Writer at the Institute for Creation Research.
Article posted on June 3, 2010.


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Dwarves (Middle-earth)
The Dwarves are a fictional people in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. The Dwarves called themselves Khazâd in their native tongue Khuzdûl; they were also called Kasári in Quenya, and Hadhodrim and Naugrim in Sindarin.
Dwarves are shorter and stockier than Elves or Men, but taller than Hobbits. They have great endurance and strength. Dwarves grow beards, of which they are traditionally very proud, keeping them long and well cared for. Only about a third of the Dwarven population is female; when going out from their homes they appear very alike to the male Dwarves, giving rise to the misconception that there are no Dwarf-women.[1] Dwarves are renowned for being great smiths and miners, having forged many great artefacts. Dwarves make their homes in the mountains, building entire cities underground; for example the ancient Dwarven city Khazad-dûm under the Misty Mountains. Dwarves overall are a rather secretive people, often keeping to themselves, and never telling their language (Khuzdûl) and true names to any non-Dwarf.[2]
The Dwarves were created by the Vala Aulë before the begin of the First Age. Aulë made them tough because Morgoth still ruled Middle-earth while they were made. Aulë taught them his smithing skills, and created their language Khuzdûl. After the Awakening of the Elves, the Dwarves were the next people to come into the world.[3]
The Dwarves appear in most of Tolkien's stories set in Middle-earth. In the more lighthearted The Hobbit a group of thirteen Dwarves led by Thorin Oakenshield go on a quest. The other twelve dwarves were Balin, Dwalin, Glóin, Óin, Fíli, Kíli, Dori, Nori, Ori, Bifur, Bofur and Bombur. In The Lord of the Rings they were represented by Gimli son of Glóin, a member of the Fellowship of the Ring, who was a loyal companion and skilled warrior.
- ↑ "[...] there are few dwarf-women, probably no more than a third of the whole people. They seldom walk abroad except at great need. They are in voice and appearance, and in garb if they must go on a journey, so like to the dwarf-men that the eyes and ears of other peoples cannot tell them apart. This has given rise to the foolish opinion among Men that there are no dwarf-women, and that the Dwarves 'grow out of stone'.", J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, III Durin's Folk
- ↑ J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, III Durin's Folk
- ↑ J. R. R. Tolkien, The Silmarillion
See also
- Khuzdûl, the Dwarven language


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Gov. Rick Perry likes to say the best way to promote economic growth is to reduce regulation. When it comes to the environment, Perry has made Texas one of the most industry-friendly states in the nation.
Perry has cut funding for clean air programs and sued the Environmental Protection Agency to avoid enforcing laws to make the air cleaner. As part of his Republican presidential campaign, he routinely blasts the White House for tightening environmental standards.
"As president, I would roll back the radical agenda of President Obama's job-killing Environmental Protection Agency," Perry wrote recently in an op-ed for the New Hampshire Union-Leader. "Our nation does not need costly new federal restrictions, especially during our present economic crisis."
Those positions get big applause at Republican debates and fundraisers, and also provide insight into how he would govern if elected, particularly when it comes to the EPA.
Gov. Perry: I'm not worried about pollsOct. 14, 201105:39
In Texas, Perry signed a state budget that slashes funding for the Texas Commission for Environmental Quality from $833.3 million to $565.5 million over the next two years. In his budget proposal, Perry had provided even less: $552.5 million. Texas boasts the second largest environmental agency in the world, behind only the EPA; the state agency had requested $882.6 million just to maintain current programs.
The cuts were part of the governor's plan to slash $15 billion in state spending to cope with revenue shortfalls in the sagging economy. Environmentalists complained that the cuts will hurt the most effective clean air programs in the state, including ones that were helping to reduce auto emissions.
Perry used the EPA as his punching bag during his 2010 gubernatorial campaign, and he is using the federal agency as a foil again in the presidential race
Executives in the state's oil and gas industry, the nation's largest, say they have enjoyed a cooperative relationship with the Texas' environmental agency, despite tougher federal rules.
"Texas always has been, and has continued to be under Governor Perry, one of the states where it's a more friendly regulatory environment," said David Blackmon, director of government relations for Houston-based El Paso Corp. The national natural gas company operates the nation's largest interstate pipeline system, which runs through 29 states.
Federal regulations have increased under Perry's tenure, but Texas has implemented fewer new rules than most other states. Blackmon said the real difference between states is the administrative costs of obtaining permits.
He said the Texas agency has "reached out to business and found solutions that not only cleaned up the air, but did it in a way that has a minimal impact on our ability to do business."
Perry, Romney both 'consistent' conservatives?Oct. 16, 2011
Until recently, emissions from Texas refineries were aggregated across an entire facility, rather than having each smokestack inspected and rated individually to see if it complied with federal law. The Obama administration determined that the aggregated calculation allowed refineries to violate the Clean Air Act and ordered an end to the practice. Perry condemned the decision and the state filed suit.
Businesses frequently complain about regulation, but there is little evidence that it is any worse now than in the past or that it is costing significant numbers of jobs. Most economists believe there is a simpler explanation: Companies aren't hiring because there isn't enough consumer demand.
Larry Soward, a Perry-appointed member of the Texas agency's three-member ruling commission from 2001 to 2007, said the environmental agency's stance reflects the state's political culture.
"The oil and gas industry is the biggest of those industries and has a stature that gives them a lot more respect and influence than the public or the environmentalists," said Soward, who is now a critic of the agency.
Soward said that even though air quality in Texas has improved during Perry's tenure, the credit goes to increasing federal regulations, not state initiatives.
With the budget cuts, the agency "simply won't have the resources, budgetary or staff-wise, to really provide a rigorous scrutiny over air quality permits or more rigorous inspections or enforcement," he said.
The final budget reduced the number of assessments and inspections from 146,534 to 130,140 authorized, or 11 percent less than the commission recommended.
Andrea Morrow, a spokeswoman for the Texas environmental agency, said the commission will try to meet its original goals on air pollution, but assessing waterways may be more difficult.
The commission will also have to cut back on programs that promote cleaner motor vehicles by reducing the emissions from diesel engines and older cars and trucks, she said.
The reduced funding, as well as other legislative changes made to the incentive programs will result in fewer grants and emissions reductions, Morrow wrote in an email.
Cyrus Reed, the Texas legislative director for the Sierra Club, said the state may lose the progress it's made toward cleaner air.
Perry, Romney both 'consistent' conservatives?Oct. 16, 2011
"We've had to come forward with citizen suits to get the law enforced," Reed said. "It's not our job to launch citizen suits, but we've had to do it in Texas."
Another new measure made tightening air quality permits on the oil and gas industry more difficult. That law, which Perry signed in June, requires the Texas environmental agency to analyze the effect of new regulation on the economy — including how it might hurt a company — before implementation. The economic impact could override the environmental benefit of the new regulation.
The new law reflects Perry's contention that global warming is a questionable theory and that regulation always creates an adverse business climate.
During an August campaign swing through New Hampshire, Perry said of climate change, "I don't think, from my perspective, that I want to be engaged in spending that much money on still a scientific theory that has not been proven, and from my perspective, is more and more being put into question."
Texas releases more heat-trapping carbon dioxide — the chief gas in the greenhouse effect — than any other state, according to government data.
In February 2010, Texas became the first state to sue the EPA for declaring that greenhouse gases are dangerous and subject to federal regulation.
A few months later, the EPA became so frustrated with how Texas was enforcing air quality laws that it took away the commission's authority to grant air pollution permits to some refineries. The state has filed suit to go back to the old rules.


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Since issues are not noticeably visible, indoor air quality testing is often a neglected part of property maintenance upkeep. Mold, pollutants and improper ventilation and filtration can all contribute to harmful indoor air quality. This can be dangerous because poor air quality can lead to impaired health or the worsening of pre-existing conditions, like asthma. Since so much time is typically spent indoors, the air you breathe should be safe and clean. It is important to do your research to find the right indoor air quality testing company that can do a solid job. Clear Environmental is proud to provide indoor air quality testing residential and commercial services to the Westgate, Florida area. We offer professional and thorough indoor air quality testing services to ensure your home and business' indoor environment is of optimal standard.
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