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[216 U.S. 420, 421] Messrs. John C. Hart, Samuel H. Sibley, Hooper Alexander, and Ligon Johnson for appellants.
Messrs. Joseph B. Cumming, Joseph R. Lamar,
[216 U.S. 420, 422] Alexander C. King, and King & Spalding for appellee.
Mr. Justice Lurton delivered the opinion of the court:
This is a bill to restrain the enforcement of certain taxes imposed by the state of Georgia, which the railroad company claims to be in violation of a contract between itself and the state. The court below sustained the contention of the railroad company, and held that the scheme of taxation found in the charter of the company was of inviolable obligation, and enjoined any method of taxation conflicting with the stipulations of the charter; from this decree the comptroller has appealed.
The charter in question was granted by the state of Georgia in 1833,- a time long before the imposition of any restriction upon the power of the legislature of that state to stipulate for either an entire or partial exemption from taxation. It is therefore, not denied by the state that the charter constitutes a contract which may not be impaired by subsequent legislation. In view of this concession we are only called upon to decide the extent of the charter exemption, and, incidentally, its duration.
The controlling section of the charter is the fifteenth. The part now relevant is as follows:
The period of absolute exemption has, of course, long since passed. The only question is as to the duration and extent of the partial exemption which followed.
That the property exempt altogether for seven years is the same property subject to a limited tax thereafter was long [216 U.S. 420, 423] ago decided by the supreme court of Georgia in a case which involved the interpretation of this very contract. Augusta v. Georgia R. & Bkg. Co. 26 Ga. 651, 661, et seq. The question in that case was as to the legality of municipal taxes assessed by the city of Augusta upon that part of the capital of the company employed in its banking business and upon real estate situated in that city. The taxes were held illegal. Interpreting this section, that court said:
We may as well turn to one side just here to deal first with the question of the duration of this commuted tax which is to follow the period of tax exemption, because we construe the words 'after that,' which immediately follow the exemption clause, as synonymous with 'thereafter,' and as fixing the time when that property which was theretofore exempt should be subject to the system of taxation provided by the succeeding clause.
It has been rather faintly urged that the duration of this commuted tax or partial exemption was limited to a term of thirty-six years after the completion of the railroad, and that this period has long since expired. This suggested limitation seems to have no other basis than that the words 'and after that' do not mean 'thereafter,' as we have assumed, nor refer to the limitation immediately preceding, but to a more remote limitation found in the 2d section of the charter, and again in the earlier part of the 15th section. But the thirty-six-year limitation is one obviously applicable [216 U.S. 420, 424] only to the grant of an exclusive right, within a defined territory, to construct and operate railroads. This was intended to protect this pioneer railroad from being paralleled within that time. The recurrence to this exclusive right in the first part of the 15th section is only for the purpose of placing a condition thereon which, as matter of fact, never happened, and which, therefore, never became vested, and to provide that the termination of that right should not otherwise affect the corporate existence, estate, powers, or privileges of the company. This reference to the exclusive right conferred first by the 2d section is followed by the provision above set out, providing that 'the stock of the said company and its branches shall be exempt from taxation for and during seven years from and after the completion of said railroads, or any of them, and after that shall be subject to a tax not exceeding 1/2 of 1 per cent per annum on the net proceeds of their investment.' 'After that' obviously refers to the last limitation,-the termination of the exemption period,-and it would be an indefensible construction to construe the words as referring it to the thirty-six-year limitation of the exclusive right regulated by the preceding part of the same section.
Coming now to the question as to what is the meaning and scope of the partial exemption found in this clause, we are confronted, first, with the contention that only the shares in the hands of shareholders are within either the first or second clause of this contract, and that the entire property of the company is subject to the taxing power of the state, unaffected by any contract for any stipulated form of limited taxation. This claim is, of course, bottomed on the contention that 'stock of the said company and its branches' refers to and means only the shares in the capital stock held by the shareholders, and that the benefit of the stipulation was intended for the shareholders in their character as such.
The word 'stock' is not uniformly used to designate the capital of a corporation, although its primary meaning is capital, in whatever form it may be invested. Indeed, it is [216 U.S. 420, 425] not at all unusual to find the word used synonymously with 'shares,' and meaning the certificates issued to subscribers to the company's stock. It is therefore important to look at the connection in which the word is used when an exemption or substituted method of taxation is involved, to see whether the legislative intent was to exempt the capital of the company, in whatever form invested, or the shares of stock in the hands of the shareholders. Powers v. Detroit, G. H. & M. R. Co. 201 U.S. 543, 559 , 50 S. L. ed. 860, 865, 26 Sup. Ct. Rep. 556. There is an obvious distinction between the capital stock of an incorporated company and the 'shares' of the company. The one is the capital upon which the business is to be undertaken, and is represented by the property of every kind acquired by the company. Shares are the mere certificates which represent a subscriber's contribution to the capital stock, and measure his interest in the company. The charter, plainly enough, recognized this. Thus, in the 3d section, it is provided that 'the stock of the company . . . shall consist of 15,000 shares of $100 per share, and the said company to be formed on that capital.' By a later section the times and places for taking subscriptions are defined, 'so that, on summing up the whole, it may appear whether the stock is filled up, or falls short of the aforesaid capital.' In the 7th section we find the interest of the subscribers to the 'stock' recognized and described as shares, while the capital of the company in which he holds such shares is described as 'the stock of the said company.' Thus, each subscriber is given 'a number of votes equal to the number of shares he may hold in the stock of the company.' That 'stock,' as used, means 'capital,' in whatever form invested, appropriate to the purpose of the company, is also plainly evidenced by the provision that, after the total exemption period, this stock shall be subjected to a specific tax 'on the net proceeds of their investments.' It has been suggested that by 'their investments' was meant the investments of the shareholders in the company's stock. This interpretation is based upon [216 U.S. 420, 426] the use of the plural 'their;' but in many places in this same charter the company is referred to in the plural. As this same act provides for the organization of one or more companies to construct branch lines, and extends to them the same tax exemption, it is grammatically correct to read 'their' as referring to this plurality of companies. That 'stock' in the first clause means capital, and 'their investments,' the property into which the company's capital has gone, seems, in any view you take of it, the most rational interpretation of the matter. That the only mode of taxation stipulated for after the period of total exemption is a tax upon the net income of the company's property is seemingly the plain and obvious meaning of this contract. That this is the way in which it has been read and interpreted by everybody who has had to do with the matter of taxation in an official way since 1845, when the railroad seems to have been finished, affords strong evidence that this construction accords with the intent of the charter. Aside from at least sixty years of legislative and executive acquiescence in reading this partial exemption as applicable to the capital stock of the company, there has been a series of cases decided by the supreme court of Georgia which involved the meaning of this clause. In each case the court has held, either, that the whole of the capital was exempt, in whatever form invested, or so much of the investment as corresponded in value to the authorized capital stock. Augusta v. Georgia R. & Bkg. Co. 26 Ga. 651, 662, et seq.; State v. Georgia R. & Bkg. Co. 54 Ga. 423; Goldsmith v. Georgia R. Co. 62 Ga. 485.
In the case of State v. Georgia R. & Bkg. Co. cited above, the court held that the act of 1874, which sought to assess an ad valorem tax against the property of the railroad company, was void, as in violation of the obligation of a contract by which the state was limited to a tax which should not exceed 1 per cent 'on its earn- [216 U.S. 420, 427] ings.' Goldsmith v. Georgia R. Co. is relied upon as overruling the earlier case. But this is a mistake for more than one reason. That case was dismissed for want of jurisdiction over the subject of the legality or illegality of the tax resisted. Hence, all that was said about the taxability of the appellee's property under this charter exemption was obiter. But so far as the question of the applicability of this partial exemption to the capital of the company, as invested in its railroad, is concerned, the opinion distinctly accepts the former case as a settlement of the question. Referring to the former case, Mr. Justice Bleckley said:
That Mr. Justice Bleckley afterward concluded that the former case had not considered or decided whether any excess of value of property over the amount of the authorized and exempt capital would be subject to an ad valorem tax is true; but that does not detract from the recognition of the former as an authoritative opinion upon the point that the exemption was of the capital of the company.
We come now to the question as to whether so much of the value of the company's railroad and appurtenances as exceeds in value the amount of the authorized capital stock, under the charter and amendments prior to 1863, is subject to taxation as other property of like character, under the law of the state. This value 'it is admitted exceeds by four millions of dollars the nominal value of the capital stock of said company,' which excess, it is further conceded, has been 'the [216 U.S. 420, 428] result of natural increase in the value of said property, and by renewals, alterations, and betterments of the same, from time to time, by said company.'
That this is the true and proper method of taxation, admissible under the charter exemption, has been urged upon several grounds. First, it is said that this construction was given this very charter in Goldsmith v. Georgia R. Co. heretofore cited, and the appellants plead the judgment in that suit as res judicata. Confessedly, if this is a good plea, it must operate not only for the purpose for which it has been interposed, but will be entirely fatal to the claim that the exemption now in question has expired, or that it extended only to the shares in the hands of shareholders.
The opinion in that case does so construe the exemption, but, as we have already shown, the case went off wholly upon the question as to whether the trial court had any jurisdiction of the question, and the opinion, after construing the clause here involved, passed on to this matter as to whether the question could be made under the statutory remedy resorted to by the company, and concluded by holding that, whether the railroad company had been taxed illegally or not, the court below ought to have dismissed the proceeding for want of jurisdiction, and that the remedy, if any, was by bill in equity. Accordingly, the judgment which the supreme court entered was one which reversed the judgment below, and directed that the proceeding be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. This judgment in no way involved the construction of this exemption contract, nor the liability of the Georgia Railroad Company to taxation upon its property, or otherwise, and does not, therefore, have any efficacy as an estoppel. There was therefore no error in the ruling of the circuit court that this plea was bad. Upon the other hand, when the plea of estoppel just disposed of came in, the complainants amended their bill and set up the judgment in the earlier case of State v. Georgia R. & Bkg. Co. supra, [216 U.S. 420, 429] as an adjudication concluding not only the claim that the exemption was only of the shares in the hands of shareholders, but as an adverse decision of this claim that only so much of the 'investments' of the company were exempt from a general ad valorem tax as equalled in value the authorized capital stock of the company under the charter and amendments prior to 1863
But in Georgia R. & Bkg. Co. v. Wright, 124 Ga. 596, 53 S. E. 251, the supreme court of Georgia seems to have definitely decided that a judgment in a suit to collect a tax assessed for one year is not a bar to a suit for taxes subsequently assessed for another year, although the question decided in the first case is the same question upon which the second suit must be also decided.
This court, as is well settled, accords to a judgment of a state only that effect given to it by the court of the state in which it was rendered. Union & Planters' Bank v. Memphis, 189 U.S. 71 , 47 L. ed. 712, 23 Sup. Ct. Rep. 604; Covington v. First Nat. Bank, 198 U.S. 100 , 49 L. ed. 963, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 562.
We shall therefore disregard this plea, and determine the matter upon its merits, giving to the decision of the Georgia court consideration only as an authority.
Coming, then, to the question on its merits: Under the original charter and certain amendments there exists to-day an authorized capital stock of $4,156,000. This leaves out of account a small increase under a later act, aggregating 440 shares, which capital is subject to taxation and is not now in dispute. The railroad property, including its railway, depots, equipments, and appurtenances proper, has a present value of some four millions of dollars in excess of the authorized capital. Now the contention is that, to the extent of this excess, the property of the company is assessable and taxable as other property. There is not much to be gained by the reference to Farrington v. Tennessee, 95 U.S. 687 , 24 L. ed. 560, and Bank of Commerce v. Tennessee, 161 U.S. 134, 137 , 40 S. L. ed. 645, 647, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 456, where something is said in an argumentative way about the taxability of a bank's surplus whose capital was exempt. That [216 U.S. 420, 430] might well be if the bank should choose to enlarge its actual capital in the busines by using profits as capital instead of distributing them as profits to the shareholders, where the exemption was of a specific amount of capital. The facts in this case are so different from the case presented of a bank's surplus as to make the illustration of little value, even if it were settled that in all cases a bank's surplus would be taxable although its capital was exempt. We have here nothing which corresponds very closely to a bank's surplus. An investment made nearly seventy-five years since, of $4,156,000, has now a value of $4,000,000 in excess of that cost. The property is the same property. The conceded fact is that through renewals, alterations, and betterments made from time to time, and the natural increase in the value of the road, this appreciation has come about. There has been no suggestion that there has been any hiding away of capital added, by either new stock, or by the use of bonds or other forms of credit, nor that the improvements made from time to time, called 'renewals, alterations, and betterments,' have been other than the necessities of an enlarging business and the improved maintenance naturally demanded. There is no suggestion that there has been any bad faith in covering up taxable assets under cover of assets immune. Mobile & O. R. Co. v. Tennessee, 153 U.S. 486, 506 , 38 S. L. ed. 793, 800, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 968.
After all, the precise question is whether the legislative purpose, as expressed, was that the railroad incorporated should pay no tax except one based upon net profits of operation, or was it the intention that a specific amount of capital only should be so relieved? Undoubtedly, the state did not intend that any other capital than that authorized and invested directly in this specific railroad should be immune. That is plain by the express limitation of the charter. But is there any contingency under which this particular railroad is to be subject to any other taxation than one measured by the amount of its net profits? The contract, though one for a partial exemption from taxation, may nevertheless be read [216 U.S. 420, 431] in the light of the purpose sought to be accomplished and the public policy entertained at the time. That is true of this as well as other contracts; namely, that the meaning may be discovered by regard to attendant circumstances. That the intent was to exempt a capital aggregating $4,156,000, is, for the purpose of the present question, the necessary foundation of the claim now being looked at. That was, at the beginning, mere subscribers' promises to pay; next, money in the treasury of the company. While money, the charter says, it may, until needed, be invested 'in the public stock of the United States or of the state of Georgia.' But this capital was intended to be the only means by which this line of railroad was to be constructed and equipped. Thus, the original capital was fixed at one and a half million dollars, with power to enlarge same, 'so as to make their capital adequate to the work.' This power of increase does not seem to have been regarded as clear enough, and when an authorized extension of the work demanded more capital the charter was amended so as to increase it to $4,000,000, 'to meet excess of cost of road over present capital.' To insure the completion of the authorized road within the limit of the fixed capital, it was provided that the engagements of the company should not exceed the company's capital, and that the officers and directors who should contract beyond that capital should be jointly and severally liable to the contractors and to the corporation. Finally, no power was given to issue bonds, the usual incident to any modern railway construction. From the plain purpose that this authorized capital should be adequate to the construction and equipment of a particular railroad, it is plainly inferable that that railroad should be subject, after a time of complete immunity, only to a tax upon the profit of its operation. That railroad is the product of the investment of the authorized capital, and is, as such, subject only to a tax based upon its 'net proceeds.' This plan of tax upon net earnings is quite inconsistent with any other form of taxation, and is [216 U.S. 420, 432] absolutely independent of any question as to whether the property thus taxed only upon its profits should have a less or greater value than the capital invested. A tax upon earnings is a tax which at last covers and includes, unless double taxation is intended, all property necessarily held and used to make that income, including the enjoyment of its franchises. It is not to be presumed, in the light of the public of the time, that the state intended that this pioneer railroad should be subjected to any form of taxation of property which produced the taxable income. State v. Western & A. R. Co. 66 Ga. 563, 567.
We are therefore of opinion that this property is not subject to any other method of taxation than that of the special system stipulated for by the contract, and that the act of the Georgia legislature, in so far as it provides for an ad valorem tax upon any part of this invested capital of the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company, does impair the obligation of the contract.
But it is said that the tax, so far as imposed upon the franchise of this company, is not in derogation of the charter, and that the decree below should be modified in this particular.
If we are right in construing the tax as one upon net income as a substitute for a property tax, the franchise may no more be taxed than any other property appropriate to the operation of the road. When the state gave up the right to levy and collect a property tax, and to take in substitution a tax upon the annual net profit, it gave up the right to tax the franchise of the company as certainly as it gave up the right to tax its railroad. The Georgia act taxing franchises treats the franchise as property, and requires that 'they shall be returned and valued in the same way as returns are made by railroads of their physical property . . .' And that 'all franchises of value shall be returned for taxation and taxed as other property.' That a law which imposes a tax upon the franchise of a railroad company whose property is exempt from taxation is a law in derogation of the exemption contract [216 U.S. 420, 433] is well settled. Wilmington & W. R. Co. v. Reid, 13 Wall. 264, 20 L. ed. 568; Gulf & S. I. R. Co. v. Hewes, 183 U.S. 67, 77 , 46 S. L. ed. 87, 91, 22 Sup. Ct. Rep. 26.
Included in the total mileage owned and operated by the appellee railroad company is a line 18 miles long, known as the Washington branch. The company has all along claimed that this branch road was within the partial exemption clause of its original charter, granted in 1833. So far as appears from this transcript, this claim has not before been challenged, though no distinct issue seems ever to have been made in respect to its exclusion by reason of the legislation under which that branch was acquired. Neither does the answer of the comptroller in this case claim or set out any difference between the tax exemption applicable to the other parts of the appellee's railroad and this Washington branch, and the decree of the court below expressly finds that the original charter exemption includes this Washington branch. But the general denial that any part of the property of the railroad company was exempt from ad valorem taxation may well be regarded as covering the parts which make up the whole. To the decree holding the Washington branch exempt, the comptroller has moreover assigned error, based upon the legislation under which that branch was constructed. The right of exemption claimed for this branch was, however, distinctly put in issue by the counties of Wilkes and Talliaferro, which, for this purpose, were allowed to intervene, having a direct interest due to the fact that that branch, passing through those counties, would be subject to county taxation if not within the tax exemption clause. These counties have appealed from the decree below and assigned error also.
The first legislative enactment in regard to the construction of the Washington branch road seems to have been in the act of 1833; but nothing was ever done under that. The same may be said in reference to another act passed in 1836. In December, 1848, an act was passed in these words:
But this was a section in an act amending the charter, and was never accepted. See 26 Ga. 651, 654. At the same legislative session, on February 5, 1850, another act was passed in these words:
So far as we can discover, the only legislative authority for the construction or acquirement of a branch railroad to Washington, accepted or acted under by it, is found in the act of January 21, 1852, entitled, 'An Act to Authorize the Consolidation of the Stocks of the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company and of the Washington Railroad or Plank Road Company, Incorporated February the Fifth, Eighteen Hundred and Fifty, and for Other Purposes.' The 1st section of that act provides:
That this consolidation neither extinguished the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company, nor deprived it of any of its powers, privileges, or immunities, is plain. No such result has been claimed. Nor is it claimed that it thereby lost any tax exemption which it then had. The act authorizing the consolidation is substantially like that under which the Central Railroad & Banking Company was consolidated with the Macon Railroad, considered in Central R. & Bkg. Co. v. Georgia, 92 U.S. 665 , 23 L. ed. 757, where it was held that the tax exemption which the Central Railroad had enjoyed continued after consolidation in respect of the property of that company, but that, as the Macon company, consolidated with it, had no exemption, its property continued subject to taxation. That the Washington Railroad or Plank Road Company would go out of existence when this merger was accomplished is plain; it was, indeed, absorbed by the Georgia company. The purpose was to vest in the latter all of the rights, powers, and privileges of the merged company without diminishing or enlarging them. See what is said by Chief Justice Fuller in commenting upon a similar merger in Wilmington & W. R. Co. v. Alsbrook, 146 U.S. 279, 300 , 36 S. L. ed. 972, 980, 13 Sup. Ct. Rep. 72.
Did the Washington Railroad, before consolidation, possess any contract tax exemption?
The claim that it did is based upon the provision in the [216 U.S. 420, 436] act under which it was incorporated, providing that it should 'be authorized to exercise all the powers and privileges conferred by the act of the general assembly, passed in the year 1833, to incorporate the Georgia Railroad Company, and shall be under all the liabilities and restrictions therein contained.'
The question, then, is whether, under the power 'to exercise all the powers and privileges [italics ours] conferred by' the act incorporating the Georgia Railroad Company, the immunity from any other tax than one based upon a given per cent of annual net profits was granted to that company. The affirmative of this proposition finds some support in the cases of Humphrey v. Pegues, 16 Wall. 244, 21 L. ed. 326; Chesapeake & O. R. Co. v. Virginia, 94 U.S. 718 , 24 L. ed. 310; Southwestern R. Co. v. Georgia, 92 U.S. 676 , note, 23 L. ed. 762, and Tennessee v. Whitworth, 117 U.S. 139 , 29 L. ed. 833, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 649. In later cases this doctrine of a legislative transfer of a tax immunity under the term franchise, powers, estates, or privileges was questioned. Thus, in Chesapeake & O. R. Co. v. Miller, 114 U.S. 176 , 29 L. ed. 121, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 813, a tax immunity was held not to pass under a mortgage foreclosure sale, under the provision of a statute which authorized the purchaser to become a corporation, and 'succeed to all such franchises, rights, and privileges' pertaining to the mortgagor company. In Picard v. East Tennessee, V. & G. R. Co. 130 U.S. 637, 642 , 32 S. L. ed. 1051, 1053, 9 Sup. Ct. Rep. 640, 642, it was held that such an immunity would not pass to a purchasing company under a decree enforcing a statutory lien, where the sale, as confirmed, was of the 'property and franchises' of the mortgagor company. In that case it was said:
But whatever doubt upon this subject may have existed as to the effect of the transfer to one company of the powers and privileges of another in conferring a tax exemption possessed by the latter is set at rest by Rochester R. Co. v. Rochester, 205 U.S. 236, 252 , 51 S. L. ed. 784, 791, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep. 469, 474. Mr. Justice Moody, after reviewing all of the cases referred to above and others, sums the matter up by saying:
There is an absence of anything in the history of this branch railroad which points to a purpose to grant any exemption from taxation. Thus, in the act of December 20, 1849. reviving the authority of the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company to construct such a branch, originally authorized by earlier acts, it was expressly provided that the stock to be issued for the purpose 'should not be exempt from taxation, as is secured to the present stock by the later clause of the 15th section of the charter of said company,' etc. This provision was probably the very reason why the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company did not accept or act under that statute. At the same session of the legislature, an independent company was created to construct and operate the same branch road. Presumably with the knowledge of the fact that the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company could [216 U.S. 420, 438] not itself construct this road with immunity from taxation, this act authorizing this new corporation to build the same branch, declared that this company should be 'authorized to exercise' [italics ours] 'all powers and privileges' conferred by the act originally creating the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company. It is one thing to have authority to 'exercise' all the 'powers and privileges' of another company, and another thing to enjoy an exemption from taxation. The 'exercise' of the 'powers and privileges' of the company referred to was reasonably essential to the construction and operation of the independent railroad. Its immunity from taxation was not. See 146 U.S. 279 , 295, and Merchants' Nat. Bank v. United States, 101 U.S. 1 , 25 L. ed. 979. The power of taxation is never to be regarded as surrendered or bargained away if there is room for rational doubt as to the purpose.
We conclude, therefore, that the Washington Railroad or Plank Road Company had no exemption from taxation at the time this consolidation occurred. That the consolidating act did not intend to confer any immunity from taxation which did not then exist is plain. The object was to vest in the Georgia company the property and franchises and rights and privileges of the Washington company. When the Georgia company succeeded to its property and franchises, it did so subject to whatever right the state had in the matter of taxation. The case in this aspect is controlled by Central R. & Bkg. Co. v. Georgia, 92 U.S. 665 , 23 L. ed. 757.
The decree of the court below is modified so as to exclude the 18 miles constituting the Washington Branch Railroad, but in all other respects it is affirmed. The costs of this appeal will be divided betewen Wright, Comptroller General, and the Georgia Railroad & Banking Company.
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Difference between revisions of "Regular Member Meeting 2015 07 14"
From HacDC Wiki
(→Treasurer's Report: by Enrique)
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== New Members ==
== New Members ==
== Adjournment ==
== Adjournment ==
Adjourned by
Adjourned by at
Latest revision as of 21:28, 14 July 2015
Time and Location
- July 14, 2015
- Called to order at 7:45pm by Enrique
- Members present: Don J., Ben M., Enrique C., Evan P., Ethan W.
- Members remote: Matt H, Julia L, Gary S.
- Others present: Guests Bobby B., Andrew M. and Murali R.
- Quorum
- Quorum met? No (8).
Approval of Previous Meeting's Minutes
Regular Member Meeting 2015 06 09
- Everyone who helped at the National Maker Faire: Bobby, Julia, Matt, Matt Sr., Enrique, Christine, Phil
- Don & HARC for Amateur Radio Field Day.
- Matt for repairing the church's fire alarm system.
- Mike for restoring and backing up the Wiki.
- Matt & Phil for work on the Edmunds Optics grant application.
- Matt & Phil for work on the Capital One grant application.
- ITechGeek for continued consultation regarding network configuration.
Director Reports
President's Report
Vice President's Report
Apparently, quoting bylaws in overly formal requests for IT admin credentials after a busy day is not the best way to make friends. Well, my mistake. Anyway, my use of "please" and "thank you" might have been rather sparse these last few months while getting things done, so please don't take offense.
Old Occupancy Sensor, Hacking
Old occupancy sensor is a nifty hack, an OpenWRT WiFi router sporting an internal microcontroller wired to the serial port. Since there haven't been any major issues with it in over a year, I am thinking of leaving it in place for the light sensors.
For the new, NetPLC system RFID support, we still need an appropriately sized electronic latch.
New Shell/VPS server, Starlight, is now online, 8 cores, 16GB RAM. It tends to run a bit hot though, with the RAM DIMMs reaching ~105C.
CapitalOne, AngelHack
At the Maker Faire, we reached out to Capital One. We are still following up with them. Coincidentally, AngelHack, partnering with CapitalOne, would like to make us a community partner for their event (some free PR), in exchange for sharing some PR on their behalf as follows.
Interested in making a difference in your community using the power of technology? Here is your chance to do just that, join the Small Biz Dev Hackathon presented by Capital One in Washington DC on 8th & 9th August for an unique opportunity to help small business owners with their everyday struggles. The winning hack will go through the AngelHack HACKcelerator program and have an opportunity to see their idea come to life and help thousands of small business owners. Get FREE tickets with the code "AngelHACK" @ http://bit.ly/smallbizdevhack!
Business minded hackers (*ahem* Nell) should especially check this out.
Edmund Optics
Bit of a long shot, but if we win, we get up to $10k in much-needed high-end optical products. Finalists will be announced September 2nd. Greatly appreciate Phil Stewart's advice narrowing the scope of our application to a specific project (microscopic projection/scanning/alignment tool for 3D printers).
Treasurer's Report
"[Still don't have access to the PayPal account. Paperwork was filed with PayPal recently and we should expect and acknowledgement and resolution later this week or early next week at the latest. Julia is planning to be at 3D Thursday.]"
Secretary's Report
I don't have a roster of members in good standing until we get a report of PayPal dues.
A date for a TOOOL Intro Lockpicking class is still to be decided, but upcoming.
Director-at-Large Reports
Project Awesome Reports
Project LASER
Project BYZANTIUM
Development has been halted indefinitely. Basically, none of us have the time or motivation to continue to the project. I don't see that changing in the foreseeable future. This PA project should be canceled and any earmarked funds reclaimed to the general fund. Sitwon (talk) 13:56, 14 July 2015 (PDT)
Project KITBUILD
Project SUPPLIES
Project EXPANSION
Project HAMRADIO
Member Reports
Old Business
New Business
- We need to file a bianual report with the District of Columbia Dept. of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs, and we need to change our registered agent. This was previously Martin, who doesn't live in DC anymore. A DC resident must be the registered agent for HacDC.
- Let's discuss establishing a 'qualified users,' list for things like the CNC Mill, Lathe, Laser Cutter, SEM, some chemicals, etc. I think that means appointing some people as qualifiers and doing some kind of training or qualification assessment.-Enrique
- Let's charge fees on MeetUp RSVPs and refund the fees to those who come to the event. I think this will give us a more accurate RSVP count from the start. The events will still be free in the end but we'll be charging a no-show penalty. Discuss... -Enrique
- CryptoParty 2015?
New Members
Andrew M.
Adjourned by Enrique at 8:50 pm.


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Arcata PG&E Substation Work Complete – May 9, 2011
Kevin L. Hoover
Eye Editor
SIXTH & I STREETS – Somewhere, Reddy Kilowatt is smiling.
After more than a year of intense, somewhat mysterious activity at the PG&E substation at Sixth and I streets, the trucks, workers and equipment staged at the parking lot across the street are all gone, as the site's overhaul has been completed.
The project started more than a year ago. Preliminary work at the site was followed by a planned, city-wide power outage in March of 2010 which allowed engineers to switch out equipment and proceed with the overhaul.
Since Sept. 11, 2001, those responsible for infrastructure – government and public utility officials – have tended to speak in generalities about critical facilities, and the substation is no exception.
Physically, it appears streamlined, with the gleaming, less massive new equipment creating a lower profile on the landscape.
PG&E spokesperson Brandi Ehlers said the equipment at the Arcata substation had reached its average life expectancy was due for replacement. She offered some specifics:
"The recent work at the Arcata Substation was part of a reliability project to replace aged equipment. In the process, the entire substation has been rebuilt. All equipment, including circuit breakers, the transformer bank and the control building have being replaced, in addition to all support structures and foundations and the perimeter fence on the traffic sides of the substation. The old transformer bank was replaced with two new transformer banks. This work was accomplished in just over a year with zero safety incidences.
"The ballpark cost is around $15 million. Additional work to be completed at the Substation includes civil work to grade out the Substation and replace portions of the sidewalk outside the Substation and removal of the old control building structure."
Ehlers offered this Arcata substation trivia:
• Arcata Substation serves the city of Arcata, the Fickle Hill area, the Jacoby Creek area and the west side of McKinleyville.
• Approximately 11,000 customers are served by the Arcata Substation.


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Top 10 Ski Runs & Lodges
Whether you want to hit the slopes or just drink some hot chocolate by the fire, these are the places to be this winter.
From the National Geographic book The 10 Best of Everything
British Columbia, Canada
These two towering mountains provide excellent skiing with a huge vertical drop. Several decades ago, the mountains were mainly the domain of courageous hikers. Today, Whistler's village offers everything snowboarders and skiers crave: cafés, international stores, and more than a hundred restaurants that cater to all tastes.
Fairmont Chateau Whistler
Whistler, British Columbia, Canada
The spectacular Fairmont Chateau Whistler resort rests at the base of breathtaking Blackcomb Mountain. Non-skiers can relish the Vida Wellness Spa and the Chateau Whistler Golf Club.
Kitzbühel, Austria
In the pantheon of European ski resorts, Kitzbühel is considered the "Pearl of the Alps." It is the most famous holiday resort in the Tyrol; 54 cable cars are available to ferry downhillers to the slopes, and miles of trails are constantly groomed for cross-country skiers. This 700-year-old village offers skiers the history of an alpine community where skiing began in the winter of 1892.
Hotel Goldener Greif
Kitzbühel, Austria
In the heart of the cozy village of Kitzbühel stands this beautifully restored hotel, which dates back to 1271. After a long day on the slopes, there's no cozier place to sit than in front of a blaze in the large fireplace. Or snuggle down in the charming Tyrolean-style guest rooms. There's a casino in the building, as well as a restaurant and a bar.
Zermatt, Switzerland
Picturesque Zermatt is Switzerland's best ski resort, better than the neighboring Gstaad or St. Moritz. A remarkably peaceful carfree getaway, Zermatt holds the world's second biggest lift-served vertical drop and has huge snowfalls, thanks to its altitude.
Riffelalp Resort
Zermatt, Switzerland
The Riffelalp Resort is the highest Alpine resort in Europe. Just above Zermatt, the hotel offers 65 double rooms, five suites, plus two apartments with all conveniences. Most rooms have balconies with breathtaking views of the Matterhorn.
Park City, Utah
Park City's reputation for great skiing helped make the area a host venue for the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. The resort, with 19 lifts, limits lift-ticket sales to avoid long waits in line. There are runs for all levels with 1,750 acres (709 hectares) of Rocky Mountain powder.
Deer Valley Resort
Park City, Utah
The plush lodge is a full-service, four-diamond hotel with a health spa, ski valets, heated outdoor pool, hot tub, steam room, sauna, fitness center, and award winning restaurants.
Banff/Lake Louise
Alberta, Canada
Canada's oldest national park, Banff, offers some of the best downhill skiing in the heart of the North American Rockies. The four areas are Mount Norquay, Sunshine Village, Lake Louise Ski Area, and Nakiska, which was designed for the alpine events of the 1988 Winter Olympics.
The Fairmont Banff Springs
Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada
Styled after a Scottish castle, this hotel packs a punch in terms of hospitality and scenery. It has been a symbol of Rocky Mountain magnificence for more than a century. And it's within driving distance of the four skiing areas within the park. In addition, guests can try cross-country skiing, play golf, and unwind in Willow Stream, a world class European-style spa.
Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France
Host to the world's first Winter Olympic Games in 1924, Chamonix ranks among the top contenders for the title of "world's most famous ski resort." It is at the foot of Mont-Blanc, the highest peak in the Alps and the second highest in Europe (15,771 feet; 4,810 meters). The resort town is renowned for having a lift-served vertical drop of 9,209 feet (2,809 meters), as well as having one of the world's longest ski runs: the 13.7-mile-long (22-kilometer-long) long Vallée Blanche.
Le Hameau-Albert
Chamonix, Mont-Blanc, France
Le Hameau-Albert is a terrific place to go after working up an appetite on the slopes, because the elegant hotel offers amazing food. It is located within a few minutes of the center of town. The architecture is a fun fusion of Old World tradition and modern style.
Stowe, Vermont
One of the most renowned resorts on the ski map, Stowe sports a New England tradition and the biggest vertical drop in the area. The two ski areas are Mount Mansfield and Spruce Peak. The latter actually backs onto Smugglers' Notch's terrain.
Green Mountain Inn
Stowe, Vermont
For more than 150 years, the Green Mountain Inn has offered lovely accommodations. Guests now have their choice of lodgings in the inn itself or in town houses. There is a heated pool and health club, as well as two restaurants. Every afternoon the innkeepers provide hot tea and freshly baked cookies for guests.
- Nat Geo Expeditions
Mont Tremblant
Quebec, Canada
Tremblant is one of the better known resorts in eastern Canada, about an hour from Montreal. Open since 1939, the mountain has four distinct slopes laced with 94 runs. The resort operates 19 lifts.
Fairmont Tremblant
Mont Tremblant, Quebec, Canada
With a ski lift right at the door, it's clear that the Fairmont intends to serve skiers. The hotel has 314 guest rooms and 62 suites. There is a spa, several restaurants, and an arcade of shops and boutiques in the pedestrian-only village.
Cortina, Italy
Cortina was the site of the Olympic Games in 1956. Cortina d'Ampezzo, surrounded by the craggy Dolomite Mountains, is a prime run on any thrill seeker's European winter itinerary. The central village has 52 lifts and 87 miles (140 kilometers) of groomed runs. The Cortina Center can arrange bobsledding, snow rafting and high-speed tobogganing. The crowd in this stylish old resort dresses impeccably well.
Miramonti Majestic Grand Hotel
Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
The Miramonti has expanding views over the Cristallo. Situated within parklike grounds not far from Cortina, the five-star hotel has elegantly appointed rooms and a restaurant that specializes in outstanding regional cuisine. A courtesy shuttle ferries guests between the hotel and the village.
Aspen, Colorado
Aspen's four mountains are world-famous, with terrains that can accommodate skiers of all abilities. The resort is also a great choice for experts, who can access hundreds of acres of terrain off the backside of the mountain.
The St. Regis Resort
Aspen, Colorado
In true St. Regis fashion, this resort is a perfect place for winter skiing, summer sports, and the arts. The hotel has 179 guest rooms and suites, a heated outdoor pool, and a fitness center. The new Remède Spa offers 15 separate rooms and an exquisite menu of massage therapy and other body treatments.


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Sex, Lies, and the Dov Charney Lawsuit
Earlier this month, notoriously pervy American Apparel CEO Dov Charney was sued for a quarter of a billion dollars by a former employee named Irene Morales. Her accusations of sexual harassment fit with Charney's longstanding reputation for bad behavior in the workplace. But judging by emails and text messages we've obtained, there may very well be another side to the story.
Morales claims that on her 18th birthday, in 2009, she went to Charney's L.A. home and he "dragged her to the bedroom" and forced her to perform oral sex and other sex acts for several hours. Afterwards, she says, Charney "continued to demand sexual service and communications in exchange for her continued employment at American Apparel," which caused her to suffer an emotional breakdown.
American Apparel accused Morales' lawyer, Eric Baum, of trying to "shake down the company" with the threat of bad PR—of which there's already been plenty.
Yesterday, Baum filed a similar suit against Charney on behalf of a new client: Kimbra Lo, another former AA employee. Lo says that months after she left the company, she went to Charney's house for what she thought was a job interview; instead, she says, Charney tried to have sex with her, and take sexual photos of her. Lo alleges in her complaint that she thought Charney would "become violent" if she didn't go along with him, and that he "forced her to perform various sexual acts."
[There was a video here]
This morning, Lo and Baum appeared on the Today Show. Baum called Charney "a known sexual predator," and said that the similarity of Morales' and Lo's claims show a pattern of behavior.
But in the case of Irene Morales, at least, there's another side to the story. Several media outlets have seen emails from Morales to Charney that appear to contradict her claims. Asked about those emails on Today this morning—a clip is above—Baum said: "There were certain emails that she was compelled or forced to send to Dov. She was being sexually harassed, and under those circumstances, had very little choice but to comply or she would lose her job."
Well, we've seen the emails. And Baum's explanation doesn't seem to fit the evidence.
You'll recall that Morales (who was on the Today show herself last week) said that she was sexually assaulted by Charney in April of 2009. Here are a few of the texts and emails from Morales to Dov Charney. A few notes:
Morales claimed in her lawsuit that "Mr Charney allegedly gave Miss Morales a 'large dildo sex toy' and was 'induced' to visit her employer's Los Angeles home in the summer of last year where 'she was subjected to extreme psychological abuse and torment.'" Here is a text from June 29 from her saying "I bought a fat dildo." A few days later, she texts and asks him for $450.
The following week, she texts Charney twice begging for a job. She was therefore not employed at AA at this time, and therefore not subject to threats about losing her job if she didn't sexually service Dov Charney.
Also in July of 2009, she emails Charney a "birthday wishlist" of clothes that she wants, and adds: "do it for all those delicious blowjobs I would give you, and how I would lick your little asshole clean!!! And how I would love to do it again when I see you!"
In multiple emails in September of 2009, Morales sent Charney X-rated photos of herself.
In February of 2010, she sends Charney another wish list, and asks him to wire money to her.
Dov Charney is not a very sympathetic figure. Both he and his company have a shared history of sexual discrimination charges—many of which were first reported right here.
Still, facts are facts. When suing Dov Charney for $250 million, speaking to all of the city's tabloids about it, and going on the Today show, it would be best to ensure that one's story lines up with the available evidence.
We have a call in to Eric Baum for comment, and we'll update with his response. If he or anyone else has more evidence to share in this case—on either side—we'd love to see it.
[Photo of Charney via Getty Images]


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US blacklists China bank, revving up pressure over NKorea
WASHINGTON: The United States has blacklisted a small Chinese bank accused of illicit dealings with North Korea, escalating the pressure on Beijing to rein in its wayward ally amid increased signs of frustration among President Donald Trump and his top advisers with China's diplomatic efforts.
The Treasury Department on Thursday declared the Bank of Dandong a "primary money-laundering concern," proposing to sever it entirely from the US financial system, pending a 60-day review period. Although Trump's treasury secretary said the move didn't target China, it comes a week after the president lamented that China's promise to help with North Korea "has not worked out."
Trump had been leaning on President Xi Jinping to help stop the North's development of nuclear weapons before they can threaten the US homeland. A main focus of the coordination has been getting China to fully enforce international sanctions intended to starve North Korea of revenue for its nuclear and missile programs.
The US action is likely to anger China, which handles about 90 percent of North Korea's external trade, and whose banks and companies are said to provide Pyongyang access to the US-dominated international financial system.
The sanctions bar Americans from doing business with Bank of Dandong, which is based in a northeastern Chinese city on the North Korean border that serves as a gateway for trade with the isolated nation. The US also slapped sanctions Thursday on a Chinese shipping company and two Chinese people that it said have facilitated illegal activities by North Korea.
Calls to Bank of Dandong rang unanswered on Friday.
Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin said the US still wants to work with Beijing on combating the North Korean threat.
"We are in no way targeting China with these actions," Mnuchin told a White House news briefing.
The punitive steps were presaged by a tweet from Trump last week reflecting dissatisfaction with Beijing's efforts.
"While I greatly appreciate the efforts of President Xi & China to help with North Korea, it has not worked out. At least I know China tried!" Trump tweeted on June 20.
The Trump administration may be struggling to maintain international pressure on Pyongyang.
The president was to meet for the first time Thursday with South Korea's new leader, President Moon Jae-in, who has long advocated outreach to North Korea. His predecessor had staunchly backed Trump's harder line.
Mnuchin said the Bank of Dandong has facilitated millions of dollars of transactions for companies involved in North Korea's weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missile programs.
Anthony Ruggiero, a sanctions expert and former Treasury Department official, described it as a small Chinese bank "sitting at the heart" of trade between North Korea and China.
"This is a strong message to Chinese leaders that the Trump administration will act against North Korea's sanctions evasion in China," he said.
The other targeted Chinese entities are:
- Dalian Global Unity Shipping Co., which Treasury accused of transporting 700,000 tons of freight annually, including coal and steel products, between China and North Korea. It cited a UN expert panel as saying the company has violated a ban on trade in luxury goods with the North.
- Chinese national Sun Wei, said to have been running a cover company for North Korea's Foreign Trade Bank, which is already subject to US sanctions.
- Chinese national Li Hong Ri, said to have established several front companies that end up benefiting Koryo Bank, a US-sanctioned conduct for financial transactions on behalf of North Korea.


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This peer-to-peer networking session will answer your questions about decarbonization
The two sessions cover retro-commissioning and energy codes
« Back to Facilities Management News Home
Laredo Wallpack Series grows with new offering and expands overall capabilities
Greenville, S.C. – Hubbell Lighting Inc. is proud to announce an expansion of the Laredo® LNC2 Series with the introduction of another low wattage high performance configuration -- Laredo® LNC2-18LU. The popular Laredo® LNC2 Architectural LED Wallpack is now available in a 45w configuration that delivers a lumen output of up to 3306 lumens and efficiency of 74 lumens per watt. Designed as a high performance wallpack for entry/perimeter applications, the recently launched Laredo®LNC2 has expanded the series to include multiple LED color temperatures, additional distributions, expanded photocontrol options, additional finishes, and a larger lumen package offering 29w and 45w configurations.
The new Laredo® LNC2-18LU is the latest addition to the LNC2 series and provides a high performance 45w solution that conserves up to 85% energy savings over traditional metal halide sources. The energy efficient LEDS deliver 60,000 hours of life at L96 lumen maintenance for a long lasting, architecturally styled and powerful LED perimeter security solution. Featuring 18 high CRI LEDs precisely aligned for optimal photometric performance, the compact design and precision optics of the Laredo® LNC2-18LU provide excellent uniformity and spacing up to 60ft with mounting heights up to 15ft. The 4 to 1 spacing to mounting height ratio of the LNC2-18LU requires fewer fixtures to deliver a low energy, long life ambient lighting solution for safety and security to any facility.
The Laredo® LNC2 is now available in multiple color temperatures (3000K, 4200K, 5100K) and Type III and Type IV distributions. The neighbor friendly full cut-off fixture meets both the DesignLights Consortium (DLC) and IDA requirements and is available with factory installed photocontrols in 120, 208, 240 and 277V for energy-saving dusk-to-dawn applications.
Ideal for entry or perimeter security lighting applications for commercial buildings, shopping centers, schools, and apartment complexes, the Laredo® LNC2 Wallpack is wet location listed and is easy to install and maintain. Designed for both recessed box and surface conduit wiring, the quick mount adapter provides easy installation and the vandal resistant design and vandal proof hardware makes it perfect for non-supervised applications and security illumination. This compact fixture also includes a frosted acrylic diffuser accessory that softens output and protects LED lenses for use near pedestrian entry applications.
Laredo® LNC2 LED Wallpack Series
Key Features:
· 29w - 2419 lumens (LNC2-12LU)
· 45w – 3306 lumens (LNC2-18LU) *New
· 3000K, 4200K and 5100K high CCT LEDs provide optimal color recognition *Expanded
· Full cut-off neighbor friendly / DesignLights Consortium (DLC)
· Lumen maintenance 60,000 hours L96 rating
· Universal voltage – 120-277V
· Quick mount adapter provides easy installation
· Designed for both recessed box or surface conduit wiring
· Acrylic diffuser accessory included
· Listed to UL1598 for use in wet locations
· Photocontrol options (120, 208, 240, and 277V) – Factory installed *Expanded
· Standard power finishes: Dark Bronze, Black, White and Platinum *Expanded
· DLC approved/ IDA approved
· Five year limited warranty
For additional information on the Hubbell Laredo® LNC2 WallPack Series, visit www.hubbelloutdoor.com.
# # #
About Hubbell Lighting:
From its inception in 1963, Hubbell Lighting established its position in the lighting industry by producing outdoor lighting of the highest quality. Through an in-depth knowledge of the electrical distributor and contractor markets, Hubbell Lighting has been consistently able to combine innovative technology with practical lighting brand solutions and service oriented performance. Hubbell Lighting provides a full range of indoor and outdoor lighting products for commercial, industrial, institutional, sports lighting, landscape and residential markets, including green initiatives for vacancy sensors and daylight harvesting controls.


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Code Completion
for Windows and Linux
for OS X
Use this page to configure the code completion, and parameter information settings.
|Code Completion
|Case sensitive completion
|From this drop-down list, select the degree to which you want PyCharm to take into consideration the case sensitivity when suggesting matches for code completion. The available options are:
|Auto-insert when only one choice on:
|When the check boxes in this section are selected, PyCharm doesn't show a lookup list for the corresponding completion type in cases when only one variant of code completion is available, and completes code automatically.
|Sort lookup items lexicographically
|If this check box is selected, the entries in the suggestion list will be sorted according to their lexical order.
If this check box is not selected, the entries in the suggestion list will be sorted by relevance.
Note that the check box defines the default behavior. You can change it any time by clicking the or icons in the suggestion list. Refer to the section Using Suggestion List for details.
|Autopopup code completion
|Select this check box, if you want suggestion list to appear after typing anything.
If the check box is not selected, PyCharm will not suggest code completion automatically.
|Insert selected variant by typing dot, space, etc.
|If this check box is selected, code is completed by pressing certain character: comma, colon, semicolon, opening parentheses of the various kinds, equality sign, asterisk. This option is turned off by default.
Autopopup documentation (ms)
For explicitly invoked completion
Select this check box to have PyCharm automatically show a pop-up window with the documentation for the class, method,
or field currently highlighted in the lookup list.
In the text field to the right, specify the delay (in milliseconds), after which the pop-up window should appear.
If this check box is not selected, use Ctrl+Q to show quick documentation for the element at caret.
Quick documentation window will automatically pop up with the specified delay in those cases only, when code completion has been invoked explicitly. For the automatic code completion list, documentation window will only show up on pressing Ctrl+Q
|Parameter Info
|Autopopup in (ms)
|Select this check box to have PyCharm automatically show a pop-up window with all available method signatures, when
an opening bracket is typed in the editor, or a method is selected from the lookup list.
In the text field to the right, specify the delay (in milliseconds) after when the pop-up window should appear.
If this check box is not selected, use Ctrl+P to show the parameter info.
|Show full signatures
|If this check box is selected, the parameter info displays full signatures, including the method name and returned type.


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There may be added based on the peak of the system components of a custom. It's kind of a return to Diablo 2. We have been studying. We obviously plan to invest some more time to study. We do not need new designs. This design has been very good, and we are just looking at how to make it more usefulSo how effective sharing peak level is it? MF / GF reward account whether all Buy Diablo iii Gold roles share it? Attribute points reward it? Players how to account for changes within the scope of the peak level of reward? Because trumpet also have high pinnacle so large play time can be less point? I will be based on my personal experience, some predict, you can supplement after reading your personal views and settings.
In the past month, several Diablo 3 development team designers have the opportunity to sit down and Diablofans, Diablo IncGamers, Diablo Somepage and Twizzcast of you discussed a number of topics about Diablo 3, ranging from the host to the progress "Hey, you in April of items mentioned how the patch do?" Items changes do not appear in a separate patch, currently do not have any on the "patch 1.09" plan. These changes are more likely to be accompanied by other changes to the system and occupational adjustments appear together.
Many recent interview, developers are talking about the future role of Diablo 3 account pinnacle rank and reward sharing possibilities. I do have a question (about the peak level custom) listed in my question list, but no chance to ask. Lucky that other sites a recent interview asked a similar question.We've been talking about peak levels and allowed no role for individual accounts but the whole effect of the relevant content. So that any time if you want to upgrade a new role and try different play, you can join the game and not feel rewarded after paying anything extra. This is what we have been studying.
Player feedback is very valuable, and developers listened very carefully at these forums and Fan Site from the discussion. Before you see the article about the Talisman suggestions for improvement yet? Yes, Travis Day also saw! Endless dungeon just been considered, but the ongoing prototype experiment. Has yet to decide whether to join the endless dungeon game itself, but the Diablo 3 items development team to understand the players eager to test their role and the challenges facing the growing desire. They are currently looking to fill the vacancy of a variety of possible systems and functions.


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Statement of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack on U.S. – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement
WASHINGTON, October 22, 2012- Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack today made the following statement on the U.S. – Panama Trade Promotion Agreement:
"The U.S.-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement (Panama TPA) enters into force next week, eliminating tariffs and other barriers to U.S. goods and services, promoting economic growth, and enhancing trade between the United States and Panama. Last year, President Obama insisted that we get this agreement with Panama right-alongside pacts with South Korea and Colombia-forging a better deal for America's workers and businesses that led to strong bipartisan support in both houses of Congress. Altogether, these agreements will bring an additional $2.2 billion in agricultural exports.
Panama is an important market for America's farmers and ranchers. In 2011, the United States exported more than $504 million of agricultural products to Panama, one of the fastest growing economies in Latin America. Next week, nearly half of current U.S. farm exports to Panama will become duty free immediately and most of the remaining tariffs will be eliminated within 15 years.
Since the time when the President signed the Panama, Colombia and Korea agreements into law, USDA has also acted to remove hundreds of unfair barriers to trade for American companies and provide businesses with the resources they need to reach new markets. These efforts have resulted in the most successful period in the history of American agriculture and a boon for America's rural economies. We are experiencing the strongest four years for agricultural exports in our nation's history and are forecast to continue this record success in 2013."
Contact: USDA Office of Communications (202) 720-4623


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Roger Atwood in National Geographic:
Omara Khan Massoudi knows how to keep a secret. Massoudi is director of the National Museum of Afghanistan in Kabul. Like the French citizens during World War II who hid works of art in the countryside to prevent them from falling into Nazi hands, Massoudi and a few trusted tahilwidars – key holders – secretly packed away Afghanistan's ancient treasures when they saw their country descend into an earthly hell.
First came the Soviet invasion in 1979, followed about ten years later by a furious civil war that reduced much of Kabul to ruins. As Afghan warlords battled for control of the city, fighters pillaged the national museum, selling the choicest artifacts on the black market and using museum records to kindle campfires. In 1994 the building was shelled, destroying its roof and top floor. The final assault came in 2001, when teams of hammer-wielding Taliban zealots came to smash works of art they deemed idolatrous. When they finished, more than 2,000 artifacts lay in smithereens.
Throughout those dark years, Massoudi and a handful of other museum officials kept quiet about the hoard of museum artifacts – among them the crown jewels of Afghanistan, the famed Bactrian gold – that they had hidden in vaults under the presidential palace in 1988, as the Soviet occupation gave way to civil war. Researchers the world over despaired of ever seeing the objects again, thinking they'd been sold piecemeal into the illicit antiquities trade or destroyed by the Taliban in their final, iconoclastic frenzy.
More here. [Thanks to Marilyn Terrell.] The objects in the photo gallery are amazing.


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Slightly over half of Dutch young people between the ages of 15 and 24 occasionally do volunteer work. More than half are also active in associations.Read publication
For eight months now, unemployment among youth has fallen below the lowest point before the economic crisis in 2008. At European level, the Netherlands is in the top three of countries with the lowest youth unemployment rate.Read publication
In 2017, more than half of all children aged 4 to 11 complied with the standards for physical activity as set by the Health Council of the Netherlands. Almost two-thirds were taking part in sports at least once per week.Read publication
In 2017, disrespectful behaviour was encountered relatively most often by women between the ages of 18 and 24 years; 33 percent experienced such behaviour on the street and 22 percent did so in public transport.Read publication
In 2017, 29 percent of 18 to 24-year-olds were addicted to social media in their own view, up from 19 percent in 2015. The share of 25-year-olds who consider themselves addicted is relatively lower.Read publication
In 2017, 4 percent of young people in the Netherlands aged 15 to 24 years were neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET). This is equivalent to 84 thousand young people.Read publication
A very large majority of Dutch 18 to 24-year-olds are satisfied with their lives in general and with their social lives in particular: around 85 percent in 2016. Young adults who are currently enrolled in or who have completed higher education are often more positive than their lower educated peers.Read publication
In 2016, most young people in the Caribbean Netherlands between the ages of 15 and 24 were enrolled in education. This share was highest on Saba: 72 percent. On Bonaire, one-third of this age group are no longer enrolled in education but are in work. They are often full-time workers, similar to the group aged 25 and over.Read publication
In 2014, 73 thousand young people between the ages of 12 and 25 (2.4 percent of the total youth population) were registered as suspects of a criminal offence. This is a decline of 43 percent since 2007. One third of all registered suspects in 2014 were young, down from 39 percent in 2007.Read publication
Between 2010 and 2014, over 14 percent of young Dutch between the ages of 12 and 20 were smoking. This percentage is particularly high in the north of the Netherlands. The share of young people smoking is highest in the province of Drenthe (19 percent), followed by the province of Groningen and the northern Netherlands region, each with 18 percent. The lowest share of smokers aged 12 to 20 is found in the middle region of the country. The municipal health care regions of Amsterdam, Utrecht and the Gooi- en Vecht area report a percentage share of 11 percent young smokers.Read publication


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Have a productive day and I will see you at closing!
Oconomowoc Wisconsin Real Estate,or any Waukesha County Real Estate or LakeCountry Real Estate Email me at firstname.lastname@example.com or call directly at 262-377-1459 What's my home worth?Market Analysis Want that perfect home? Dream Home Finder The MLS,on-line info,& more: www.buyingvip.com
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Welcome To Our Practice - Downers Grove & Bolingbrook, IL Pediatrician
At Downers Grove Pediatrics, children come first. Our pediatricians and patients have been working together to provide exceptional medical care in the Downers Grove and Bolingbrook area since 1971. We pride ourselves on providing compassionate, comprehensive services to children from birth through adolescence, and we're glad you've chosen us as your child's medical home.
Our website provides you with the important background about our Downers Grove and Boling brook pediatricians and staff, office hours, financing policies, appointment procedures, maps, directions to our office in Downers Grove and Bolingbrook and other useful information. Please take a few moments to read through our website to get a better feel for Downers Grove Pediatric's capabilities and services, which include:
Newborn Doctor
School Physicals
A Complete List Of Services
We know how hectic life can be and are committed to making our practice convenient and accessible for your family. We want you to feel confident that when you choose Downers Grove Pediatrics as your child's primary physician, you're working with professionals who are qualified, experienced and caring. We do this by equipping you with the support and resources you need to make the most educated decisions about your child's health.
At Downers Grove Pediatrics we follow the vaccine guidelines and schedule established by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Academy of Pediatrics. We firmly believe in the effectiveness and safety of vaccines to prevent serious illness and possibly death in children and young adults. It may be the single most important health-promoting intervention we perform as health care providers and that you partake in when you choose to vaccinate your child.
Effective November 1, 2016, Downers Grove Pediatrics can no longer accept new patients who do not vaccinate or who do not initiate and complete vaccines in a timely manner in a way congruent with CDC and AAP schedules by the age of 2. Please view our Vaccine Philosophy and Policy under Patient Resources.
We are also proud participants of the program, Reach out and Read (ROR). ROR is a national, nonprofit organization that promotes early literacy and school readiness. We incorporate ROR into well child checkups beginning at age 6 months by giving each child a new book at every appointment and encouraging families to read together.
We want to thank you for choosing Downers Grove Pediatrics for your child's medical care and welcome you to our practice. We can assure you that you'll feel confident in our ability to meet and exceed all of your expectations. Please call our Downers Grove or Bolingbrook, IL office if you have any questions or to schedule an appointment.


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On 24 June 2010, encircled by a substantial police presence, 1,500 indigenous activists and their allies marched through downtown Toronto under the slogan "Canada can't hide genocide," openly contesting Canada's authority in negotiating on the global stage. Shouting "No G20 on stolen native land!" the marchers carried placards, banners, Mohawk Nation flags, and an inverted Canadian flag. The group altered the Canadian national anthem's opening lines "O Canada! Our home and native land!", singing instead "O Canada! Our home on native land!" They hoped to bring international awareness to aboriginal issues via media coverage of the G8 and G20 summits. The demonstrators urged the Canadian government to investigate the disappearance of some 500 aboriginal women , demanded self-determination, complete political recognition of past treaties, and nation-to-nation negotiations with Canada on equal terms.
On 25 June 2010 'Shout Out for Global Justice,' sponsored by the Council of Canadians, organized an incredible line-up of speakers to challenge the G20 and demand trade, water, and climate justice. The event was sold out. 2,700 people attended, as well as many others who watched the forum by web-cast in communities across Canada and at the U.S. Social Forum in Detroit. The line-up of speakers included Clayton Thomas-Müller of the Mathais Colomb Cree Nation in Northern Manitoba and tar sands campaigner with the U.S.-based organization Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN).
The five First Nations in the region of the tar sands in Alberta, Canada, rely on traditional food sources, like moose, fish, beaver, and muskrat, all of which have become contaminated by mining pollution. A community of only 1,200 has seen more than 100 deaths in the last decade from rare cancers and autoimmune diseases. The tar sands leases also breach aboriginal treaty rights; they were sold by the provincial government without the prior informed consent of local communities.
There is no scarcity of examples of native resistance in recent Canadian history. In 1990, an historic armed standoff between Mohawks and the Canadian army near Oka, Québec lasted more than two months when the provincial government tried to convert a native burial ground into a golf course. Five years later, the Canadian government employed helicopters, armoured personnel carriers, improvised explosives, and more than 77,000 rounds of ammunition during a three-month standoff over land title at Gustafsen Lake in British Columbia. In 2007, the Mohawk community at Tyendinaga, 200 kilometres east of Toronto, blocked the trans-continental rail line, and Canada's largest highway, in protest at the government's failure to address land rights and basic issues of survival within First Nations – including safe drinking water, which the community lacked. Despite the exposure of such injustices, a foremost concern in 2007 appeared to be how to circumvent a roadblock. (See here and here.)
Aboriginal peoples living in Canada have lower life expectancy, less access to education, a much lower average income, and a much higher suicide rate than the rest of the country. The UN has stated that if Canada were "judged solely on the economic and social well-being of its First Nations" peoples, the country's human development ranking would drop from 7th to 48th out of 174 countries. Organizations like Amnesty International have sharply criticized Canada's treatment of aboriginals, calling the country's reserves a third world problem in one of the world's richest countries.
One final thought. Press coverage of issues related to aboriginals clears the way for government actions that "reproduce material and social inequality between aboriginal and non-aboriginal people" (including subtle sanitized ethno-genocide). This is a major cause of concern because it promotes an environment in which social injustice is tolerated and Canadians are less likely to be sympathetic to aboriginal resistance movements.
Tessa M. Blaikie, Nicole R. Gordon, and Natalia T. Ilyniak are sociology honours students at the University of Winnipeg in Manitoba, Canada. Kimberley A. Ducey is a faculty member in the Department of Sociology, University of Winnipeg.


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Nashville Songwriters Tour At Baytowne Venues Oct 7 & 8
October 7, 2016 by SoWal Staff
The 7th annual Nashville Songwriters Florida Sunshine Tour brings top songwriters to The Village of Baytowne Wharf in Sandestin this October 7-8, 2016. Singer songwriters will perform at restaurants and venues throughout the Village for two incredible nights of music.
The seventh annual event, sponsored by Florida Restaurant and Lodging Association (FRLA) and hosted by Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort, will showcase ten or more Nashville songwriters who will sing country's biggest hits and share the stories behind the songs.
The concert schedule features acoustic performances by Nashville Songwriters including: Aaron Barker, Kendell Marvel, Evan Stevens, Kent Blazy, Skye Claire, Billy LaBounty, Bobby Tomberlin, Danny Myrick, Megan Linville, and Trailer Choir. Their songwriter resumes boast songs for chart-topping artists such as Garth Brooks, Toby Keith, George Strait, Willie Nelson, Eddie Rabbit, Gloriana, Joe Cocker, Craig Morgan, Tim McGraw, Jason Aldean, Kenny Chesney, Brantley Gilbert, Gary Allan, Jake Owen, Jamey Johnson, Trace Adkins, Josh Turner, Travis Tritt, Darius Rucker, Randy Houser, Justin Moore, LoCash, Aaron Tippin, Neal McCoy, Lonestar, Diamond Rio, Terri Clark, Clay Walker, Patty Loveless, Chris Young, Reba McIntire, Jon Pardi, and many more.
The public is invited to attend these free performances held nightly at restaurants and venues located at The Village of Baytowne Wharf. The shows will be staged progressively, so fans will have the opportunity to see all performances. Locations inside The Village where the songwriters will perform include: Rum Runners, The Village Door, Graffiti & The Funky Blues Shack, and the Village Events Plaza stage.
Songwriter Performance Schedule
Friday, October 7, 2016
Rum Runners
Skye Claire, Megan Linville, Danny Myrick
The Village Door deck
Kent Blazy, Bobby Tomberlin, Bill LaBounty
Baytowne Wharf Events Plaza
Evan Stevens, Kendell Marvell, Aaron Barker
Late Night Hang
Funky Blues Shack
Saturday, Oct. 8, 2016
Rum Runners
Kendell Marvell, Bobby Tomberlin, Skye Claire
The Village Door deck
Even Stevens, Bill LaBounty, Megan Linville
Baytowne Wharf Events Plaza Stage
Danny Myrick, Kent Blazy, Aaron Barker
Baytowne Wharf Events Plaza Stage
Trailer Choir
Late Night Hang
Funky Blues Shack
The Village of Baytowne Wharf is the "heart and soul" of Sandestin Golf and Beach Resort and the gathering place for many locals and visitors along the Emerald Coast. Baytowne Wharf features restaurants, bars, shops, and family-friendly activities throughout the village. Sitting on the shore of the Choctawhatchee Bay, the area pieces together elements of an old fishing village and a New Orleans marketplace, making the atmosphere fun and relaxing. Follow The Village of Baytowne Wharf on Facebook for updates on upcoming festivals and events. And check Sandestin Golf & Beach Resort on Facebook for lodging specials and beautiful scenes from the beach.


text: Side mount glove box holders are perfect either mounted to the wall, or resting on a countertop. They are easy to load from the side or top depending on how it is mounted. We offer three sizes, single, double and triple. All are available in clear, neon red and neon green acrylic.


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Volume Ten of U&lc was very important to me. Volume Ten Number One announced the results of the first typeface project I worked on for ITC, and Volume Ten Number Three was the first time an article with my byline appeared in the publication.
The story behind the ITC Berkeley Oldstyle™ typeface began in 1977, almost seven years before it was announced in Volume Ten of U&lc. It began at a company called Compugraphic, a manufacturer of phototypesetting equipment.
At one point the Compugraphic type library had more typefaces by Frederick Goudy than any other type supplier. Why so many? Because I liked Goudy's designs, and my job at Compugraphic in the late 1970s allowed me to have a certain amount of control over what faces were added to its type library. Truth is, I had total control; but if other, more senior, managers realized this, my power would have been severely curtailed. So I had to be careful in how I "suggested" which faces to be developed.
A Goudy Favorite
The University of California Old Style typeface, the basis for ITC Berkeley Oldstyle, was one of Goudy's favorite designs. In 1937, a friend asked Fred Goudy if he would consider drawing a face for the exclusive use of the University of California Press at Berkeley. Goudy accepted the task gladly and produced the foundation for the new type family a little over a year later.
I had admired the University of California Old Style design for many years, and made it part of my personal "Goudy Design Program." As much as I liked the design, however, it was not to be first on my priority list. It was too obscure, and I was concerned that pushing it too soon would call attention to the design, and jeopardize, my grand plan. So Goudy's favorite was relegated to somewhere around sixth on my list. When it moved closer to the top, I began to gather specimens to be used as the basis for the revival process, had enlargements made from the metal type specimens, and began preliminary discussion with a designer to work on the project.
But then something happened. Aaron Burns offered me a job at ITC: an opportunity that wasn't turned down. Knowing that I was not going to be able to start, let alone finish, the University of California design project, I filed the specimen material, the photo-enlargements, and the design notes I had made, in a large manila envelope and stored it in my attic.
Berkeley Hibernates
It sat there for a couple of years. My early responsibilities at ITC provided no opportunities contribute to the company's typeface release plans. It took some time to establish the credibility required to suggest a new design. I may have been the "senior type person" at my former employer, but that only translated to "the kid from Compugraphic" at ITC.
Finally, I got my chance when a type designer notified ITC that he would be late in delivering artwork, producing an opening in the release schedule. There was, however, just enough time for an accomplished designer to create a revival typeface design. I felt like the second-string high school quarterback who, after spending much of the season on the bench, sees the first-string hero sustain an injury in the big game. The phrase "put me in coach" kept coming to mind as I tried to convince Aaron Burns that my idea for the revival of The University of California Old Style was worthy of an ITC release.
My Big Chance
Burns finally capitulated and called Tony Stan to asked him if he would be willing to work on a project with me as the design director. Stan, in addition to being a world-class type designer and someone who knew a great design project when he saw it, was also a kind, gentle man who would have no trouble working with someone of half his age and possessing a third of his talent. The collaboration was one of the most rewarding of my life.
The name "Berkeley Old Style" was chosen because the design isn't really a direct copy of the University design, but close enough that we wanted to give credit where it is due.
Additional Releases
ITC also announced two additional new typefaces in Volume Ten: the ITC Weidemann™ family, based on a custom design Kurt Weidemann did for the German Bible Society, and the ITC Usherwood™ family, released posthumously after the death of its designer, Leslie Usherwood.
The First Article
While I had been writing for U&lc for some time, the first article that carried my byline also showed up in Volume Ten. It was about Morris Fuller Benton, and was the first of many biographical sketches in the "Typographic Milestones" series. There is a backstory here too. Maybe I'll write about it in a future post.
Click the PDFs below to find out what else was in U&lc Volume Ten.
Low Resolution:
Volume 10-1 (Low Res).pdf (15.0 MB)
Volume 10-2 (Low Res).pdf (13.6 MB)
Volume 10-3 (Low Res).pdf (14.8 MB)
Volume 10-4 (Low Res).pdf (14.6 MB)
High Resolution:
Volume 10-1.pdf (73.5 MB)
Volume 10-2.pdf (69.1 MB)
Volume 10-3.pdf (69.7 MB)
Volume 10-4.pdf (73.4 MB)
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Emilio Jose Bonifacio Del Rosario (born April 23, 1985) is a Dominican professional baseball utility player with the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball in the United States. He played his first Major League game September 1, 2007, when he was called up by the Arizona Diamondbacks. He is from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
On July 22, 2008, he was traded from the Diamondbacks to the Washington Nationals for pitcher Jon Rauch and was optioned to Triple-A Columbus.
Bonifacio was called up to the majors (he played for the South Bend Silver Hawks before he entered the majors. the Nationals on August 1, along with fellow middle infielder Alberto Gonzalez. Bonifacio went 1 for 4, with an RBI, run, and a stolen base.


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Brocade Communication Systems today announced the release of a new line of Ethernet-based switches that will allow standard server traffic to share networks with data storage traffic, offering administrators a method of reducing network complexity and cost.
Brocade's new VDX family of switches comes with an ASIC loaded with Brocade's Virtual Cluster Switching firmware, which allows up to 10 switches to be clustered together and managed under a single interface.
"Today's applications involve more clusters, Web 2.0 technology, interserver communication as peers. That's really creating need for a new network where older technologies like Spanning Tree don't fit," said Doug Ingraham, Brocade's vice president of data centre products. "This allows you to scale in a virtualized [server] environment without adding network complexity."
Brocade's first switch in its new family is the VDX 6720, which comes in two models: a 1U, 24-port unit and a 2U, 60-port chassis. The switches can be configured with 10Gbit/sec. Ethernet connectivity or Gigabit Ethernet ports.
A cluster of 10 VDX switches can scale up to 600 10Gbit/sec. Ethernet ports and can support 8,000 virtual machines, Ingraham said. In a VDX clustered-switch architecture, virtual machines can be moved between physical servers without disrupting operations, he said. Virtual machine (VM) migration works by copying the VM to a new physical server and automatically redirecting network traffic.
The VDX switches have been precertified to work with any hypervisor on the market, including VMware, Citrix XenServer and Microsoft Hyper-V.
The switches represent Brocade's first end-to-end Fibre Channel-over-Ethernet (FCoE) fabric, allowing block level data to be backed up over a LAN to a SAN. Administrators can also use the iSCSI protocol for backing up Wintel server farms.
Brocade also is offering a service to help users design and implement a network architecture for their virtual server environment with the VDX switches.
The VDX 6720 will begin shipping in December. A base model starts at US$10,700, but users can upgrade by purchasing additional port licenses, 10 ports at a time.
"So you can buy a 60-port switch and use 30, 40, 50 or 60 ports. So you only pay for what you utilize," Ingraham said.


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Submitted by admin on
The Nats offers participants different levels of competition when it comes to having their car Judged. With the regualr judging format, each entry is judged based on a number of key areas and attention to details etc., Classes range from Original, Street, Modified, Pro-Street and Clone. The next level of competition is the Senior class, where past year winners of their individual classes can compete. The Judging is more stringent, more areas reviewed and as this class is only for Original vehicles, more accuracy on options, numbers etc., plays into the final score. The final level is the OEMTM Certification program, that basically judges a car on everything; original, correctness and appearance. This is a limited class availablity as it takes many hours to Judge these entrants and the standards to achieve Gold, Silver or Bronze are representative of the prestigious award. Other shows try to imitate this process, but there is only one Nationals GOLD certification program recognized world wide.


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I propose that the first chart be retitled 'Favorite color by city', with the second being, 'Pigeons per square foot', as the changed graphics would be as equally linked to the 'data' they provide, while making the images much more entertaining.
Anti-Piracy Enforcer Degban Publishes Some Info-less Graphics Stating Atlanta Is File Sharingest Place On Earth
from the lies,-damned-lies-and-whatever-the-hell-this-is dept
Degban, the anti-piracy company that once took down comedian Dave Gorman's Flickr account because it thought photos of distinctive typography were actually its client's porn (and then blamed it on being hacked), has put together some very interesting (that's a colloquialism for "??!?") piracy numbers at its site.
Degban's "State of Piracy" page introduces itself with some rather ominous wording about piracy and the importance (and difficulty) of compiling accurate numbers.
When it comes to statistical data regarding content piracy, the complexity of the data and its abundance is utterly mind boggling. The data channels are scattered across geographical borders and scientific dimensions. The nature of the matter effects the data gathering process, resulting in datasets with chaotic orders and unclean results sets.
It is of grave importance, regardless of the challenge, to understand the trends and fashions behind content piracy as a thriving organism . Furthermore, appreciation of statical [sic] data regarding content piracy can be advantageous from a business intelligence point of view.
And some very fine "statical" data it is. The first chart posted is of the pie variety, breaking down the "market share" of several file storage lockers. Most of the contenders hover somewhere between 4-6% of the "market," possibly giving some credence to the MPAA's claims that Megaupload made the Internet go 'round by driving 99% of the traffic that wasn't Netflix (heavily paraphrased).
The data Degban has collected also shows the US firmly holding the lead in terms of "Origins of Pirate Peers." (USA! USA! USA!) How this number (185,290) is derived remains a mystery, but whatever it is, it's nearly nine times as much as Russia (28,001). So… who's doing all this piracy? Atlantans, apparently.
As can be seen by this chart, Atlanta is more than twice as piratey as Tacoma (?!?), the second place pirate haven, in terms of numbers lying along a Y-axis. Again, no further information is provided as to what these numbers represent, but we can certainly assume that Atlanta is the problem and Tacoma isn't helping. Once we venture beyond these two homegrown pirate bays, we see pirating is a major issue in such metropolises as Chalfont, PA and Iselin, NJ. Other cities/villages/unincorporated townships appear on the list as well, leading to questions of "Where is that, exactly?" and "Didn't that one guy used to live there… the serial killer/general store proprietor?" Cities with large populations — New York and LA — are pretty far down the list, which might make a lesser anti-piracy company question the quality of its data.
Degban really drives home the "Atlantans heart pirating" point with its next info-less graphic.
From this graphic portrayal of the United States battling a post-adolescent breakout of Venn diagram remnants, we can only draw one conclusion: if piracy is to be stopped, Atlanta has got to go. No more DMCA requests. No more lousy legislation. No more half-assed, self-serving infographics. You kill something by cutting off its head. The MPAA will be able to return millions of bag boys to their copyright-protected jobs just as soon as someone detaches Atlanta from the internet. And, from what I can tell of the map above, at that point, nearly all piracy will have gone away. If only Degban had made this clear earlier, we could have done away with all these lawsuits and focused in on the real piracy cancer: Atlanta.
Now, the numbers contributing to these SHOCKING bar graphs might possibly be found in this detailed, interactive (click over to Degban's site to experience this in all its glory) Google Map, which pinpoints where these "peers" are located, as well as the number of peers operating at each inverted teardrop.
Yes. There are some numbers in there, alright. Some low numbers. In fact, it's tough to find any location with more than 5 "peers." How these scattered points add up to over 10,000 pirating Atlantans is beyond me, especially considering Atlanta itself has no data point at all. None. Zip. Zero. Clearly, Degban processes data in a far advanced way, in which "0" peers means, "more than double the piracy impact of Tacoma, in which Tacoma is the number two piracy center."
You may also want to check out the dates on this map. It looks like the last data harvest was back in the spring of 2010. "OLD NEWS!!!" I hear you yell like a bunch of irate
This section is regularly and automatically kept up to date.
From the looks of it, "regularly" means "once per decade." And "automatically" means "please delete this word from this sentence before publishing this page."
So, we have a bunch of numbers that don't add up, aren't current and do little more than randomly drop circles on maps and rub bars affectionately up against sky-high Y-axises. And yet, Degban is a well-known name in the piracy world, one that understands the "grave importance" of accurate and up-to-date statistics. To fight your enemy successfully, you must know them, and from what I'm seeing here, Degban is nearly 100% sure someone's pirating stuff somewhere.
Godspeed, number wranglers! Remind me to keep one hand on my content when passing through the muggy climes of Hotlanta or the suicidal murkiness of upstate Washington! And tell Vkontakte.ru that everyone's extremely disappointed in its lack of effort on the file sharing front.
Filed Under: atlanta, data, file sharing, research
Companies: degban