text:
Atran's Power Law of History
(a corollary to the law of unintended consequences)
The major events that determine human history follow a power distribution (a more or less straight line on a log-log scale), with catastrophic and cascading consequences (economic and health crises, political and cultural revolutions, war and terrorism, etc.), because people naturally prefer to act upon the future based on their modeling of past occurrences. People do not repeat the catastrophes of history because they forget it; people build up self-destructing ideologies and behavior patterns that continue history's catastrophic path because they remember the past too well (e.g., "the maginot effect" for war and the soon-to-be "box-cutting effect" for terrorism).
Ancillary: For politics, history's most well-developed and self-assured "isms" (e.g., colonialism, fascism, communism, globalism) are those most prone to radical collapse.
Atran's Law of Bare Counterintuition
(for the cultural survival of absurd ideas)
Natural selection endowed humans with an intuitive ontology that includes folkbiology (e.g., biodiversity divides into mutually exclusive groups of beings, and each group has a proprietary essence), folkpsychology (e.g., intentional and emotional beings have bodies, and have knowledge of other like beings by observing and inferring how other bodies act), and folkphysics (e.g., two bodies cannot simultaneously occupy the same place at the same time, and no body can occupy different places at the same time). Barely counterintuitive ideas, which violate universal constraints on intuitive ontology (e.g., a bodiless being) but otherwise retain most commonsense properties associated with intuitive ontology (a bodiless being who mostly acts and thinks like a person), are those fictions most apt to survive within a culture, most likely to recur in different cultures, and most disposed to cultural variation and elaboration (e.g., sphinxes and griffins, spirits and crystal balls, ghosts and gods).
Ancillary: For religion (i.e., for most humans in all human societies), the more costly one's commitment to some factually absurd but barely counterintuitive world (e.g., afterlife), the more others believe that person to be sincere and trustworthy.


text:
The OpenLDAP server sources are distributed with a configuration script for
setting options like installation directories, compiler and linker flags. Type
the following command on the directory where you unpacked the software:
./configure --help
This will print all options that you can customize with the configure script
before you build the software. Some usefull options are --prefix=pref ,
--exec-prefix=eprefix and --bindir=dir, for setting instalation directories.
Normally if you run configure without options, it will auto-detect the
appropriate settings and prepare to build things on the default common location.
So just type:
And watch the output to see if all went well
Tip: Sometimes you need to pass specific options to
your configure script, like for example --with-tls (for enabling slapd to use a secure channel: LDAPS://).
In this case, you might have your SSL/TLS libraries residing on a non-standard directory of your system.
You can make the configure script aware of the libraries location changing you environment with the
env command.
Example: suppose you've installed the openssl package under /usr/local/openssl. The following
command will build slapd with SSL/TLS support:
env CPPFLAGS=-I/usr/local/openssl/include \
LDFLAGS=-L/usr/local/openssl/lib \
configure --with-tls ...
You can specify the following environment variables with the env command before the
configure script:
CC: Specify alternative C Compiler.
CFLAGS: Specify additional compiler flags.
CPPFLAGS: Specify C Preprocessor flags.
LDFLAGS: Specify linker flags.
LIBS: Specify additional libraries.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Wednesday, August 25, 2010
This Is What Happens......
.......when you give a three-year-old her privacy.
54 comments:
AHAHA! oh thats great!!!!ReplyDelete
That one on the right looks like she has great potential.ReplyDelete
(as an artist)ReplyDelete
I didn't finish my comment. ugh
Love the underwear...looks like she may have had TOO much fun.ReplyDelete
tee hee! I needed that =)ReplyDelete
So much for privacy, eh?ReplyDelete
I have 5 - BTDT! And worse. Much much worse!
Oh ho hoo! She's just breaking you in easy. :DReplyDelete
LOVE this. How did my daughter get to your house? She did/does this kind of stuff all the time. I also have a son with ADHD and am an Air Force brat.ReplyDelete
I think I'll start stalking you now. LOL
only a few more days and then 3 hours of freedom!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousAugust 25, 2010 at 9:01 AM
hahahahaha - the underwear complete this picture.ReplyDelete
Yes, it is! LOLReplyDelete
Oh, I hate that one! Not that I've ever had it or anything. The best part of it all? DO THEY ever give us privacy? Heck no, our bathroom breaks are a potty party!ReplyDelete
Ha! Looks just like my floor ... only replace those pink undies with blue ones. :)ReplyDelete
Oh that picture brings back memories!ReplyDelete
We had a similar scene here last week.ReplyDelete
Did she go pee-pee on the potty at least???ReplyDelete
I do the same thing sometimes, Amber. Don't you?ReplyDelete
I love the way the bright underwear sets off the stark white of the other designage.ReplyDelete
Hey, there's no visible poo, at least.ReplyDelete
Awesome :)
Oh my.... it could be worse though!!! Believe me, it could be WAY worse!! :o)ReplyDelete
Natalie, the Wild Child! :)ReplyDelete
Looks like she had a blast!
just think of it as installation art. haReplyDelete
Yup, looks about right. :)ReplyDelete
Aidyn crapped his pants yesterday. Instead of telling me about it he emptied his underwear into the sink....ReplyDelete
the poop clogged the drain.
He then put his poopy underwear in the dryer!
He walked upstairs like nothing happened!
The only reason I knew it did was there was shit ALLLL over his legs!
Isn't potty training fun?!
Yeah, same thing happens with my 4yo. Which is why he never gets privacy. Neither do I, for that matter.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousAugust 25, 2010 at 12:45 PM
oh my lord. God bless you! haha, looks like she had fun. lol :)ReplyDelete
Oh man! Is she still naked somewhere in your house??!! Ahahaa!ReplyDelete
Oh my! Looks like something my daughter would do especially since she orders me out of the bathroom so she can do her business!ReplyDelete
Hi, Just too funny! That is why God gives babies to young people...He knows we older ones would have a LOT of difficulties handling it as well as you young ones. It is good to be back reading other blogs again. I have missed it. Regards to you, RubyReplyDelete
This is hysterical...You'll be happy to know that Jennifer Weiner (the author) just tweeted..."In non-lit news, have been potty-training child.She won't use the potty, will take off diaper, pee outside. So basically, she's housebroken." Aren't you glad to find out that famous people have the same problems you do? LOL.ReplyDelete
I think I'd prefer penis hair conversations to picking this mess up....ReplyDelete
hahahaha i just love toddlers :)ReplyDelete
Granddaughter E used to say that all the time - 'A little privacy please, and close the door'ReplyDelete
Ummmm - yeah....looks like the kind of tornado my 16 yr old leaves in his wake!ReplyDelete
At least the TP on the floor looks clean!ReplyDelete
HeeHee1 LOve this kind of caught in the act stuff!ReplyDelete
How are you?
That is too funny!ReplyDelete
Absolutely outstanding.ReplyDelete
I'll remember this should I reproduce.
3-year olds do not need privacy.
Got it.
- AnonymousAugust 25, 2010 at 8:14 PM
It could be worse! I don't see any poop. . . and I don't see any toilet water overflowing. Three cheers for an easy lesson learned - and more importantly, a 3 year old potty goer!ReplyDelete
Looks like a bad writing day! As for the discarded underpants.....I got nothing!ReplyDelete
Been there, cleaned thatReplyDelete
Your Natalie and my Drew would get along famously!ReplyDelete
Too funny! It could have been much, much worse... As in having to scrub down and re-paint the bathroom bad...ReplyDelete
LOL! That little thing is a mess isn't she?! HA! Hope today is a better day for all of you! xoxoxoReplyDelete
What? What's wrong? I see nothing unusual there.ReplyDelete
Makes me think of the line in the movie Fools Rush In. "Somebody's gonna get fired!"ReplyDelete


text:
(CNN) -- For Norwegians still in shock from Friday's horrific attacks, there is a sense they have woken up in a country that has "lost its innocence."
With a population of 4.7 million concentrated in the south, Norway's people pride themselves on their progressive, open society -- which has made the bombing and shootings all the more the incomprehensible to them.
Jon Magnus, chief correspondent on the foreign desk at Oslo newspaper VG, was working at the paper's offices on Friday when he was thrown off his chair by the force of the bomb blast.
"I have covered wars and terror attacks around the world for the last 30 years and now it has come to Norway," he said. "We've been so lucky in this part of the world -- it happened every other place, but not here, and now it has happened."
He added: "This morning there were three young girls riding the bus and they were all crying and there were old people talking about how their lives had changed yesterday.
"It's a national trauma in a way. In Oslo people are quiet, whispering -- it's a different country."
Norway -- on the far northern edge of Europe and partly in the Arctic Circle -- has twice rejected joining the European Union in referenda.
But it is by no means insular. A founding member of the U.N., it has, in recent years, become increasingly active on the international stage, with Norwegian troops joining NATO forces in Afghanistan and taking part in NATO operations in Libya.
Rich in oil and gas, its prosperous economy combines free-market enterprise with government-run industries and an extensive welfare state.
And it's known for its high standard of living, reglarly coming at or near the top of the U.N.'s Human Development Index that looks at health, education and income.
Magnus said that in Norway's famously open society it is normal for top politicians, including the prime minister, to walk the streets of Oslo without protection.
But he believes that will now change. "From today they will probably have bodyguards and police guards and they will go by car and never again stop and talk to people," he said.
Siri Gulestad, head of clinical psychology at the University of Oslo, said Norway had "lost a kind of innocence."
She said another aspect of Norway's open, tolerant society is illustrated by the fact that Norwegian police do not carry guns.
She doesn't believe Norwegians will respond to the attacks by calling for police to be armed or by calling for tighter security measures.
She said: "We won't be asking for extra security -- that would have been much more the case if it (the attacks) had been linked to international terrorism.
"It's shocking, but it's a very different scenario politically if it had been connected to Libya or al Qaeda -- then you would have a discourse afterwards around "do we have enough protection in airports?"
"The American embassy is only building in Oslo where the fences are three meters high with iron all around, we don't like that."
But the scale and nature of the tragedy could impact the national psyche in other ways.
"The scary thing is we were kind of expecting some kind of international organization doing this but it turns out to be an ethnic white lunatic born and raised in Norway, which means a lot of people are going to see spooks in the middle of the day from now on," said Magnus.
"There might be more suspicion in Norwegian society after this," he added.
"Things may go back to normal after a few months but it has changed us. "I think people will maybe be a little more scared, maybe look over their shoulders, maybe some will try to avoid tunnels and subways, at least for a while. This will definitely change our behavior."
But Norway's Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said Friday his country would not to be cowed by the attacks, stressing they would instead bring more "openness and more democracy" to Norway.
It's a message that Gulestad believes resonates with all Norwegians.
"In a sense we all say now we will not let it destroy our open society," she said. "Our prime minister says that and I really think that's a wise and good way of expressing how we want to protect what we value so much."


text:
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Water SA
On-line version ISSN 1816-7950
Print version ISSN 0378-4738
Water SA vol.35 n.4 Pretoria Jul. 2009
Simulation of a wastewater treatment plant receiving industrial effluents#
FT MhlangaI; CJ BrouckaertI, *; KM FoxonI; C FennemoreII; D MzulwiniI; CA BuckleyI
IPollution Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
IIeThekwini Water Services, 3 Prior Road, Durban 4041, South Africa
A process model simulating the Mariannridge Wastewater Treatment Plant, located in the eThekwini Municipality, has been developed in the WEST (Worldwide Engine for Simulation, Training and Automation) modelling environment, based on the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3). The treatment plant receives a high proportion of industrial effluents. The development of the model involves the characterisation of the influent wastewater and determining model parameters (kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients) by undertaking batch respirometric tests on the wastewater and activated sludge, flocculation filtration and simulation of the batch respirometric experiment. To account for equipment-specific factors, the simulation model was calibrated against plant data covering a year's operation.
The model is intended to be used as part of a system to evaluate the ability of a receiving wastewater treatment works to adequately treat a particular industrial effluent before granting a permit for it to be discharged to sewer.
Keywords: oxygen uptake rate, activated sludge process, calibration
List of abbreviations
Activated Sludge Model Number 3
Activated sludge unit
Chemical oxygen demand
Dissolved oxygen
International Water Association
Oxygen uptake rate
Suspended solids
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen
Total phosphorus
Total suspended solids
University of Cape Town
Volatile suspended solids
Worldwide Engine for Simulation, Training and Automation
Water Research Commission of South Africa
Wastewater treatment plant
List of symbols
Decay rate constant of autotrophs (/d)
Decay rate constant of heterotrophs (/d)
Total COD (gCOD/m3)
Non-settleable fraction of suspended solids (-)
Ammonium saturation constant for autotrophs (gN/m3)
Oxygen saturation constant for autotrophs (gO2/m3)
Hydrolysis rate constant (gCODXS/gCODXH)
Saturation constant for ammonium (gN/m3)
Oxygen saturation constant for heterotrophs (gO2/m3)
Saturation constant for SS (gCODSS/m3)
Saturation constant for particulate COD (gCODXS/gCODXH)
Soluble inert organics (gCOD/m3)
Readily biodegradable substrate (gCOD/m3)
Autotrophic, nitrifying biomass (gCOD/m3)
Heterotrophic biomass (gCOD/m3)
Inert, particulate organics (gCOD/m3)
Slowly biodegradable substrate (gCOD/m3)
Organics stored by heterotrophs (gCOD/m3)
Yield coefficient of heterotrophs gCODXH/gCODXSTO
Maximum growth rate of autotrophs (/d)
Maximum growth rate of heterotrophs (/d)
The key elements available to a municipality for the management of industrial wastewater are wastewater treatment plants for remediation, discharge permits for placing limits on what may be discharged, and discharge tariffs for financing the treatment and for providing incentives and penalties for the users of the system. An optimal strategy for managing industrial wastewater should include all these elements to serve the users of the sewer system, while meeting the discharge standards for the treated effluent. However the relationship between these elements is complex and poorly understood because of the variable nature of effluents discharged from industries and the response of the biological processes to them. In response to this challenge, the eThekwini Municipality motivated a research project to develop a means of determining the link between a permitted industrial discharge and the capacity of the receiving WWTP to treat it to meet the river discharge standards imposed by the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry for the given WWTP.
Developing a simulation model for a wastewater treatment plant and calibrating it against plant operating data allows the response of the wastewater treatment plant to a particular wastewater to be evaluated. Hence modelling of biological wastewater treatment systems can be used as a tool for evaluation. For this application, the model needs to be able to represent the performance of the WWTP while treating the combined influent received from its catchment. Typically this will include domestic sewage together with the industrial effluent generated by all the factories in the catchment. To avoid having to individually characterise effluents from all the other factories in order to evaluate the effect of the one of interest, the baseline model is based on experimental characterisation of the combined feed to the WWTP.
The modelling of biological wastewater treatment systems has developed from fundamental concepts to mathematical models. The IAWPRC, later IAWQ and now IWA task Group (Henze et al., 1987, 2000) has introduced an activated sludge model suite, which provides researchers and practitioners with a standard set of basic models for biological wastewater treatment processes. The first model developed for municipal activated sludge WWTPs was the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) (Henze et al., 1987). It describes the removal of organic carbon compounds and ammonia-nitrogen, with facultative consumption of oxygen or nitrate as the electron acceptor, depending on the conditions in the activated sludge system. Other models, ASM2 (Henze et al., 1995) and ASM2d (Henze et al., 1999), which include chemical precipitation processes and phosphorus removal, have also been developed. To correct a number of shortcomings of the ASM1 model, the ASM3 model (Gujer et al., 1999) was developed based on the ASM1 model. ASM3 was used to model the Mariannridge WWTP.
This paper presents the development of such a baseline model based on ASM3, for a WWTP receiving a significant proportion of industrial effluent, based on a combination of laboratory tests and plant operating data.
Materials and methods
Site description and layout
The Mariannridge WWTP has a sister plant on the same site called Shallcross WWTP. These 2 parallel plants make up what is known as the Umhlatuzana Works. Mariannridge receives an average of 8 000 m3/d wastewater of which about 30% is industrial and 70% domestic, while Shallcross receives an average of 2 000 m3/d which is entirely domestic wastewater. The layout of Mariannridge WWTP is shown in Fig. 1.
Influent is pumped into an equalisation tank, and then screened before going through the grit chambers. From the grit chambers the flow rate is measured before the biological reactor (an extended aeration basin), which is followed by secondary clarification in settling tanks. The effluent from the Mariannridge WWTP is combined with the effluent from Shallcross WWTP and dosed with chlorine before releasing it to the Umhlatuzana River.
Influent characterisation
The mathematical models developed for the simulation of the activated sludge unit of the WWTP are based on the division of wastewater into various fractions (Sperandio et al., 2000). The carbonaceous fraction of wastewater is determined by the COD test. In the ASM3 model the total influent COD of municipal wastewater is divided into 7 fractions, as shown in Table 1.
The concentration of autotrophic biomass, XA, in the influent is in most cases negligible (Henze et al., 1995). The organics stored by heterotrophs, XSTO, is not considered to be present in the influent wastewater but it is only a functional compound required for modelling, not directly identifiable by chemical analysis (Gujer et al., 1999). Consequently, the influent total COD is then represented by Eq. (1).
The available procedures for quantifying the COD fractions in municipal wastewater are either physical or biologically based. Biologically based tests (bioassays) have found wider application than physical tests (Wentzel et al., 1995). Physical methods have been developed to quantify readily biodegradable substrate SS based on the hypothesis that the difference in biokinetic response of activated sludge to readily biodegradable substrate and slowly biodegradable substrate XS is due to the difference in molecular size - readily biodegradable substrate consists of relatively smaller molecules which are readily transported into microbial cells while slowly biodegradable substrate contains larger and more complex molecules which require hydrolysis before uptake and utilisation (Dold et al., 1980; 1986). Based on this hypothesis filtration procedures have been proposed for the separation of the 2 COD fractions (Dold et al., 1986; Lesouef et al., 1992; Mamais et., al 1993; Bortone et al., 1994; Torrijos et al., 1994). The success of filtration procedures has been closely linked to the filter pore size, where the larger the pore size, the more particulate material passes through the filter resulting in a less accurate separation of readily biodegradable substrate from slowly biodegradable substrate (Wentzel et al., 1995). Furthermore, in activated sludge models the division of the influent COD in municipal wastewater is based on biological response in which the response of activated sludge to wastewater is monitored, rather than the difference in molecular size, hence the use of a batch respirometric test in this study to determine the readily biodegradable substrate SS and heterotrophic biomass XH in the influent wastewater using batch respirometric experiments outlined by Wentzel et al. (1995). The diagram of the respirometric experiment is shown in Fig. 2.
The experiment was carried out in a 3 ℓ cylindrical aerated bioreactor. A magnetic stirrer was used to stir the contents of the bioreactor. Batches of unsettled 24 h composite samples of influent wastewater were obtained from the WWTP from the inlet after the screens but before the aeration basin. A defined volume of 2 ℓ was placed in the continually stirred bioreactor. An aliquot of the composite sample was drawn and the initial total influent COD concentration was determined as outlined in Standard Methods (1995). The OUR was monitored continually using the automated UCT OUR meter. The pH and temperature were monitored and maintained at constant values of 7.2 and 20°C. OUR values measured at increased variations in temperature were adjusted accordingly by temperature correction. A second stage in the respirometric experiments, based on the work by Hvitved-Jacobsen et al. (2002) where acetate is added, was incorporated into the experiment to investigate the growth of biomass. A typical OUR-curve plotted from the complete batch respirometric experiment is shown in Fig. 3.
The OUR curve is divided into 4 phases based on the substrate concentrations in the wastewater sample as shown in Fig. 2.
Substrate non-limited condition
Substrate non-limited condition is being terminated
Substrate limited condition
Addition of readily biodegradable substrate
The OUR data from the first stage of the batch test before the addition of readily biodegradable substrate (sodium acetate) were interpreted using the UCT (Dold et al., 1980) and IWA models to determine SS and XH. The selected models describe the bacterial degradation dynamics which take place during the bioassay test in which the measured variable is DO concentration (Lagarde et al., 2003).
After running the batch respirometric test for 24 h, the only soluble COD remaining should be non-biodegradable. Therefore, at the end of the batch test, a sample is drawn from the reactor contents to determine the inert soluble substrate SI through a flocculation-filtration procedure.
In the batch test, it is impossible to differentiate between inert particulate substrate and slowly biodegradable substrate by direct measurement. Furthermore, physical separation technique, such as flocculation filtration cannot separate the 2 COD fractions, since both are particulate. The inert particulate substrate XI is determined from the simulation model of the batch respirometric experiment. With 4 COD fractions known, the slowly biodegradable substrate XS is determined by difference, using Eq. (1).
The nitrogen, phosphorus and other constituent fractions of the influent wastewater at Mariannridge Plant were obtained from historical data collected by the municipal laboratory from wastewater samples taken from the WWTP. The data used were for the years 2005, 2006 and 2007 and they are summarised in Table 2 (next page).
Modelling tools
The scope of the modelling included the activated sludge unit and the secondary settlers. Model simulations were performed using the software package WEST (MOSTforWATER, 2004).
Several models of activated sludge processes are available. The most widely used are the IWA activated sludge models. The IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) (Gujer et al., 1999) was chosen as the basis for the Mariannridge Plant model. This model relates the wastewater treatment processes to the oxygen consumption, sludge production, nitrification and de-nitrification which take place in activated sludge systems during the treatment of wastewater of primary domestic origin. ASM3 uses the concept of storage-mediated growth of heterotrophic organisms assuming that all readily biodegradable substrate is first taken up and stored in an internal polymer component.
Several different settler models exist in literature, as discussed by Grijspeerdt et al. (1995). However, the plant data used in this study were taken from routine operating records which did not contain information on operation of the settlers. The only available information related to the settlers was the SS concentration in the combined final effluent leaving the plant. Consequently a simple representation of the settling process could be used. The point settler model, which simply specifies the clarified effluent suspended solids, was used to represent the secondary settlers.
Modelling information
In general, the required quality and quantity of information will depend on the purpose of the model (Langergraber et al., 2004; Sin et al., 2005). For this study the presence of industrial effluent in the plant influent and the intended purpose of this model (i.e. to evaluate the effect of industrial effluent on the performance of the treatment plant) required that the model be specifically adapted to conditions prevailing at the WWTP. The set of information which needs to be collected for successful modelling is summarised from different sources (Henze et al., 1987; Lesouef et al., 1992; Pedersen and Sinkjaer, 1992; Stokes et al., 1993) in Table 3.
Design and operational data were obtained from the plant records of the Mariannridge Plant. The flow balance of the Mariannridge WWTP based on the average influent of 8 000 m3/d at the head of the works and a recycle stream of 17 280 m3/d is shown in Fig. 4. The effluent from Mariannridge WWTP is combined with 1 600 m3/d effluent coming from the Shallcross WWTP. The volume of the activated sludge unit is 13 600 m3 and it contains 8 aerators each of which deliver 100 kg O2/h. Only 4 aerators run at a time. The volume of the 2 secondary clarifiers is 2 037 m3.
For the characterisation of the setter model, TSS measurements were available for the final combined effluent from both Mariannridge and Shallcross, but not for the individual effluents. Therefore the TSS in the Mariannridge effluent stream was estimated by assuming that Mariannridge contributes twice as much SS as the Shallcross Plant to the final combined effluent. This estimate was based on spot measurements and the greater volumetric loading of the Mariannridge Plant.
The characterisation for the activated sludge biological model combined some values from literature, historical plant operating data and information from laboratory-scale experiments carried out on samples of wastewater and activated sludge. These are discussed in more detail in the following sections.
Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters
The values of reaction kinetic and stoichiometric parameters were a combination of default values proposed by Gujer et al., (1999) and values obtained from laboratory experiments by regression. Batch respirometric experiments were carried out on wastewater and activated sludge samples to determine some of the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of the model and COD fractions.
The saturation coefficient for readily biodegradable substrate, KS, the saturation coefficient for particulate COD, KX, and the hydrolysis constant, kh, were estimated by fitting the OUR results predicted by the simulation model of the batch experiment, to the OUR results which had been recorded in the batch experiment discussed earlier. The curve fitting was done by regression analysis using the WEST software.
To determine the decay rate constant bH, OUR measurements were performed on activated sludge samples in a continuously stirred batch reactor over a period of 24 h. The plot of the natural logarithm of the recorded OUR values vs. time shows an exponential decrease of the biomass as a straight line with the slope, bH.
The aerobic yield of heterotrophic biomass, YH, and the heterotrophic maximum growth rate, µH were estimated from the OUR curve plotted from the results obtained from the batch experiment done on 24 h composite samples of influent wastewater. Table 5 shows the results obtained for the selected model parameters compared to ASM3 default values suggested by Gujer et al. (1999).
Modelling strategy
The modelling of the WWTP was carried out in 4 steps:
Creating a configuration for the WWTP in WEST
Running simulations using the default values and experimentally determined model parameters and evaluating the predictions of the model against measured historical data
Calibrating the model by systematically adjusting selected model parameters
Validation of the model using measured historical data which was not used for model calibration.
The results for the COD fractionation of the influent from the Mariannridge WWTP are compared against the typical fractions of South African wastewater by Ekama and Marais (1984), in Table 4.
The biodegradable COD fractions for the Mariannridge influent are lower than typical values for South African wastewater of domestic origin, as might be expected because of the significant proportion of industrial effluent. The difference between the experimental results and the literature values confirms the need for plant-specific influent characterisation.
The WEST configuration
The WEST configuration for the Mariannridge WWTP is shown in Fig. 5.
The configuration consists of the major units of the WWTP, the ASU and the 2 secondary settlers. The secondary settlers are configured as one unit since it is assumed that they operate in the same way. Combiners and splitters have been added to combine and split flows, respectively. A COD sensor has been added to the outlet stream, to measure the COD concentration of the treated effluent. Convertors in the configuration are used to convert concentrations of constituents in the wastewater to flux values, and flux to concentration values, as required by the following sub-models.
Model calibration
A major difficulty encountered in calibration of activated sludge models is the lack of identifiability of the model parameters, which is the ability to obtain a unique combination of parameters that fit the calibration data (Petersen et al., 2002). More than one combination of influent characterisation and model parameters can give a description of the available data of similar quality (Gernaey et al., 2004) Due to the identifiability problem a stepwise procedure was used, where just a few parameters are changed at a time instead of applying an automatic mathematical optimisation routine. A steady-state calibration was done followed by a dynamic calibration.
Steady state calibration
During the steady-state calibration the model parameters responsible for the long-term behaviour of the activated sludge were adjusted to fit the collected plant data for the sludge TSS concentration. Based on the earlier mentioned assumption that the Mariannridge effluent contributes twice as much SS as the Shallcross WWTP to the final combined effluent TSS concentration, the non-settleable fraction of SS fns was determined from mass balance of SS across the secondary clarifier. The calculated value was 0.0052.
The measured value of the waste sludge TSS was 456 gSS/m3. The experimentally determined decay rate constant bH was adjusted from 0.03/d determined from the laboratory batch tests to 0.27/d (a value close to the default ASM3 value of 0.2 d-1), for the model to be able to match the waste sludge TSS concentration.
Dynamic calibration
During dynamic calibration, selected saturation coefficients and kinetic parameters were adjusted using a mathematical optimisation technique, to improve the prediction of effluent total COD and free ammonia concentration in the activated sludge unit. Before adjusting the selected saturation coefficients and kinetic parameters, a sensitivity analysis was done to establish the most sensitive kinetic or model parameters, which have the most significant impact on the chosen variables of concern, the predicted value of the effluent COD or free ammonia in this study. The values of model parameters determined from the laboratory batch tests are compared with the values adopted after dynamic plant calibration in Table 6.
Adequacy and reliability of modelling information
The adequacy and reliability of the information available for the development of the model of the Mariannridge WWTP was evaluated during the calibration of the model to plant operating data. Calibration of the model is the adaptation of the model to fit information obtained from the WWTP. For a given model, if the experimentally determined model parameters do not need a lot of adjusting for the model to fit the plant data, then this implies reliable parameters. The extent to which the model fits the plant data with the available modelling information will also give a measure of how adequate the available information is for the purpose of modelling.
The heterotrophic yield coefficient YH, the hydrolysis rate constant kh, the saturation constant of readily biodegradable substrate KS, the saturation constant for particulate COD KX, the saturation constant for particulate organics KNH, and the saturation constant of oxygen KO remained unchanged during the calibration process, indicating that the obtained values were reliable.
The maximum growth rate for heterotrophic biomass µH was adjusted from 2.4/d to 2.6/d. The oxygen saturation constant for autotrophs KA_O was adjusted from 0.5 to 0.8 gO2/m3 and the ammonium saturation constant KA_NH was adjusted from 1 to 2 gN/m3. The initial values of the 2 saturation constants (KA_O and KA_NH) were literature values, i.e. not determined in the laboratory tests. The adjustment of these values indicates that experiments need to be carried out to determine them. The simulated effluent COD for the year 2006 after adjusting the model parameters is shown in Fig. 6.
At this stage the model for the Mariannridge WWTP predicts trends of the effluent COD and the concentration; however, it does not follow all the sharp fluctuations that occur in the measured variables. Since the data were taken from routine plant records, it is not known how accurate the extreme values may be. Gaps in the measured data also affect the comparison.
Model validation
After dynamic calibration, validation of the model was carried out using historical data for the year 2007. Validation gives an indication of how well the model can simulate the treatment plant after the calibration effort. Figure 6 shows that the calibrated model can simulate the trend and fluctuations of the effluent COD concentration.
During the early stages of the simulation, the model indicates a noticeably high peak far from the measured value. This peak is due to a high COD value in the input file based on the measured influent COD. There is no way of being certain whether such individual discrepancies are due to problems with sampling and measurement, or with shortcomings in the model. The measured effluent COD does not indicate the peak, only the model shows how the high influent COD reflects in the effluent COD. For the rest of the simulation the model estimates the trends satisfactorily even though the peaks during fluctuations turn out to be higher.
The procedure for the development of a baseline model for a WWTP receiving a significant proportion of industrial effluent, based on a combination of laboratory tests and plant operating data was presented. The information used for the model was based on wastewater characterisation, sludge composition analysis and stoichiometric and kinetic parameters based on respirometric laboratory tests on wastewater and activated sludge. The wastewater characterisation based on the experiments carried out was satisfactory. Slight adjustments of the decay rate constant for heterotrophic biomass, and the maximum growth rate of the heterotrophic biomass which had been experimentally determined were made to improve the model, while the other 4 experimentally determined parameters retained their experimental values in the plant indicating that the experiment was reliable as a source of modelling information.
During dynamic calibration, the model parameters relevant for short-term predictions include the specific growth rates of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass, µH and µA respectively as well as the saturation coefficients for readily biodegradable substrate, ammonia and oxygen for both heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. These results indicate that determining the model parameters only for heterotrophic biomass is not sufficient. There is need to carry out experiments to determine model parameters related to the activity of autotrophic biomass.
The combination of laboratory tests, historical data from the municipal laboratory and modelling of experiments the laboratory tests makes up a methodology for developing a simulation model which can be a significant source of information for municipal policies in wastewater management.
This paper is based on a paper presented at the Water Institute of Southern Africa (WISA) Conference 2008, Sun City, South Africa. The authors would like to thank the Water Research Commission (WRC) and eThekwini Municipality of South Africa for supporting this research through funding, providing information and laboratory services.
MOSTforWATER (2004) WEST MSL Reference Guide. HEMMIS. http://www.hemmis.be/EN/index.php HEMMIS transferred all the water quality modelling consultancy and related software WEST(R) to its daughter company MOSTforWATER URL: http://www.mostforwater.com/EN/index.php. [ Links ]
BORTONE G, CHECH JS, GERMIRLI F, BIANCHI R and TILCHE A (1994) Experimental approaches for the characterisation of a nitrification/denitrification process on industrial wastewater. Proc. 1st Int. Spec. Conf. on Micro-Organisms in Activated Sludge and Biofilm Processes. 27-28 September 1994, Paris, France. 129-136. [ Links ]
DOLD PL, EKAMA GA and MARAISs GvR (1980) A general model for the activated sludge process. Prog. Water Technol. 12 (6) 47-77. [ Links ]
DOLD PL, BAGG WK and MARAIS GvR (1986) Measurement of Readily Biodegradable COD Fraction in Municipal Wastewater by Ultrafiltration. UCT Report No. W57. Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. [ Links ]
EKAMA GA and MARAIS GvR (1984) The nature of municipal wastewaters. In: WRC Report No. TT 16/84. Theory, Design and Operation of Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Processes. Water Research Commission, Pretoria, Republic of South Africa. [ Links ]
GERNAEY KV, VAN LOOSDRECHT MCM, HENZE M, LIND MORTEN and JORGENSEN SB (2004) Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant modelling and simulation: State of the art. Environ. Modell. Software 19 (4) 763-783. [ Links ]
GRIJSPEERDT K, VANROLLEGHEM P and VERSTRAETE W (1995) Selection of one-dimensional sedimentation: Models for one-line use. Water Sci. Technol. 31 (2) 193-204. [ Links ]
GUJER W, HENZE M, MINO T and VAN LOOSDRECHT MCM (1999) Activated Sludge Model No. 3, IAWQ Technical Report, IAWQ, England. [ Links ]
HENZE M, GRADY CPL, GUJER W, MARAIS GvR and MATSUO T (1987) Activated Sludge Model No.1. IAWPRC Scientific and Technical Report No.1, IAWPRC, London. [ Links ]
HENZE M, GUJER W, MINO T, MATSUO T, WENZTEL MC and MARAIS GvR (1995) Activated Sludge Model No.2, IAWQ Scientific and Technical Report No.3, IAWQ, England. [ Links ]
HENZE M, GUJER W, MINO T, MATSUO T, WENZTEL MC and MARAIS GvR and VAN LOOSDRECHT MCM (1999) Outline of Activated Sludge Model No. 2d. Water Sci. Technol. 39 (1) 165-182. [ Links ]
HENZE M, GUJER W, MINO T and VAN LOOSDRECHT MCM (2000) Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3. IWA Scientific and Technical Report No.9, IWA Publishing, London, UK. [ Links ]
HVITVED-JACOBSEN (2002) Sewer Processes Microbial and Chemical Process Engineering of Sewer Networks (1st edn.) CRC Press, Florida, USA. [ Links ]
LANGERGRABER G, RIEGER L and WINKLER S (2004) A guideline for simulation studies of wastewater treatment plants. Water Sci. Technol. 50 131-138. [ Links ]
LESOUEF A, PAYRAUDEAU M, ROGALLA F and KLEIBER B (1992) Optimizing nitrogen removal reactor configurations by on-site calibration of the IAWPRC activated sludge model. Water Sci. Technol. 25 (6) 105-123. [ Links ]
LAGARDE F, TUSSEAU-VUILLEMIN MH, LESSARD P, HÉDUIT A, DUTROP F and MOUCHEL JM (2003) Variability estimation of urban wastewater biodegradable fractions by respirometry. Water Res. 39 (19) 4768- 4778. [ Links ]
MAMAIS D, JENKINS D and PITT P (1993) A rapid physical-chemical method for the determination of readily biodegradable soluble COD in municipal wastewater. Water Res. 27 (1) 195-197. [ Links ]
PEDERSEN J and SINKJAER O (1992) Test of activated sludge models capabilities as a prognostic too on a pilot scale wastewater treatment plant. Water Sci. Technol. 25 (6) 185-194. [ Links ]
PETERSEN B (2002) Calibration, Identifiability and Optimal Experiential Design of Activated Sludge Models. Ph.D. Thesis. Ghent Univ., Belgium. [ Links ]
SIN G, VAN HULLE S, DE PAUW D, GRIENSVEN A and VANROLLEGHEM P (2005) A critical comparison of systematic calibration protocols for activated sludge models: A SWOT analysis. Water Res. 39 (12) 2459-2474. [ Links ]
SPÉRANDIO M and PAUL E (2000) Estimation of wastewater biodegradable COD fractions by combining respirometric experiments in various So/Xo ratios. Water Res. 34 (4) 1233-1246. [ Links ]
STANDARD METHODS (1995) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (19th edn.). American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA. [ Links ]
STOKES L, TAKAC I, WATSON B and WATTS JB (1993) Dynamic modelling of an ASP sewage works A case study. Water Sci. Technol. 28 (11-12) 151-161. [ Links ]
TORRIJOS M, CERRO RM, CAPDEVILLE B, ZEGHAL S PAYRAUDEAU M and LESOUEF A (1994) Sequencing batch reactor: Tool for wastewater characterisation for the IWAPRC model. Water Sci. Technol. 29 (7) 81-90. [ Links ]
WENTZEL MC, MBEWE A and EKAMA GA (1995) Batch measurements of readily biodegradable COD and active organism concentration in municipal wastewater. Water SA 21 (2) 117-124. [ Links ]
Received 12 September 2008; accepted in revised form 31 March 2009.
# Revised version. Paper originally presented at the WISA 2008 Conference, 18-22 May 2008, Sun City, South Africa.
* To whom all correspondence should be addressed.
+2731 260 1129/3375; fax: +2731 260 3241/1118;
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Rupert Sanders To Direct 'Napoleon'
Briefly: Napoleon is a name that carries serious weight in the film world, not only because of the French leader's status as a notable general and 11 years as Emperor of the French. His film cachet comes from the Abel Gance film of 1927, which innovated many filmmaking effects and even used a three-projection system to create a widescreen triptych for the film's final reel. Additionally, Stanley Kubrick spent years working on a Napoleon biography that never came to fruition.
But Napoleon Bonaparte is too significant a figure to stay dormant in Hollywood forever, and now Warner Bros. is working on a new biopic about the leader, produced by Gianni Nunari (300) and scripted by Jeremy Doner (AMC's The Killing). Rupert Sanders, who moved from commercials to the director's chair of Snow White and the Huntsman, then to tabloid pages for his dalliance with Snow White star Kristen Stewart, has been set to direct.
THR says the film will take "a Scarface-like look" at Napoleon Bonaparte. That suggests that the real-life events that led out of the French Revolution and into Napoelon's rule and program of European conquest will be told as the dramatic ascent of one man of steely will and scant inhibitions, with (naturally) the application of excessive force.


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Leisure Care currently has 141 open positions that need to be filled right now. With Jobaline's easy application process, you can apply online in minutes. Whether you are looking for a full-time or part-time job, Jobaline can help you find employment today. Leisure Care is looking to fill hourly and seasonal job openings immediately. Submit your application with the help of Jobaline today.
Jobaline makes finding employment fast and easy. Applying only takes a few minutes, and you can even send your job application through text messaging on your mobile device. Simply find the job you want by searching on Jobaline, complete the three-step application process, and then send it.
Find your next job in no time on Jobaline. No ads or solicitations, just real, open jobs.
Leisure Care has job openings in many cities across the country. Find a job at Leisure Care in your city today!


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I have the experience that Linux works fine until the physical memory is exhausted. As soon as swap space is used the performance is severely degraded and the GUI becomes unresponsive.
This problem is not limited to a specific distro or desktop, because I've tried a few (and the issue remains).
What can I do about this?


text: Hi I have been trying to upgrade my CentOS 4.3 system to PHP5 and MySQL 5. I have managed PHP5, but keep on getting an error with MySQL5. This is how I went about it. 1. I created a file called CentOS-Testing.repo in /etc/yum.repos.d/ and in it, put the following information Code: [c4-testing] name=CentOS-4 Testing baseurl=http://dev.centos.org/centos/$releasever/testing/$basearch/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://dev.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-testing 2. Entered yum update mysql mysql-devel mysql-server After this, I get the following error: I have searched the mirror and have found no sign of a file called RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-testingaa but I have found a file called RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-testing. I assume that this is the file it needs to find. My question is, how do i make it look for this file instead of the incorrect one? TIA british.assassin


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WHERE DO YOU SEE THE STATE OF METAL TODAY? The state of metal today is kind of relative. If you're part of the Big Four, you're doing safe; if you're not, you're pretty much going to be scratching and clawing to be successful nowadays. You know, there are a lot of really great bands that are out, but there is also a glut of talentless bands that have appealed to a younger generation at a time when guitar solos weren't important and times where singing with a melodic voice and more importantly, words that you can understand, those things aren't really important anymore to bands and I think that's probably why they have a born on date.
DO YOU STAY ON TOP OF THE SCENE, FOLLOWING THE NEW BANDS? Not really; because they're here today, gone later today. There are bands that I like, but usually it's a song that I like. There's guys out here on the [recently ended] Mayhem Fest that I'm friends with like In Flames and Machine Head, and I like several Machine Head songs and a couple In Flames songs, but other than that, there's not anybody else that I'm really familiar with. And I've heard Godsmack and Disturbed on the radio — who hasn't? But I don't really know a lot of their songs.
WITH METAL FANS, DO YOU FEEL LIKE IT'S MORE OF A PIECEMEAL CONSUMPTION RATHER THAN "LET'S GO GET A FULL RECORD FROM THIS BAND"? I think a lot of that has to do with the integrity of the musician himself and the manipulation of the record company and the ability to buffer that between the artist and the label, which is the manager's job. If you've got a record and it consists of 11 or 12 tracks and you've only got one or two good songs on it, well, yeah, you're going to continue to perpetuate the piecemeal mentality.
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Movie Trailers
First Trailer For THE RAILWAY MAN
Based on his best-selling memoir, The Railway Man tells the extraordinary and epic true story of Eric Lomax, a British Army officer who is tormented as a prisoner of war at a Japanese labour camp during World War II. Decades later, Lomax discovers that the Japanese interpreter he holds responsible for much of his treatment is still alive and sets out to confront him, and his haunting past. Directed by Jonathan Teplitzky, and starring Academy Award-winner Colin Firth, Jeremy Irvine, and Academy Award-winner Nicole Kidman, the film is a powerful tale of survival, love and redemption.


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Back To School: Introducing SoundCloud 101
Be inspired
This week we are welcoming you back to school with SoundCloud 101, our resource pages where we give you some tips and tricks on the important features of SoundCloud and take you through the step by step processes of how to get the most out of them. We also showcase interesting use cases we've seen SoundClouders come up with in the past . This can be a particularly creative way they've used one of the SoundCloud features or something completely new we hadn't thought of before.
Dive into the SoundCloud 101's to find an easily navigable categorized resource for inspiration and guidance.
Here is the breakdown:
- Learn about The Basics – everything from uploading to recording and more!
- Discover some tips and tricks about Sharing your sounds.
- Master the SoundCloud Widgets and Players .
- Check out awesome Apps and tools that play well with SoundCloud at our Integrations section.
- Roll up your sleeves for some extra credit at our Masterclasses section.
- Finally, discover the best ways to use SoundCloud in our SoundCloud For… section.
Here's how you can get involved: SoundCloud 101's are not only a great resource for SoundClouders to learn how to use our product in interesting ways, it is also a place for you to share with us your SoundCloud use case or story.
Have you done something particularly cool with SoundCloud and want a chance to be featured showing others how to do it? Then please send us a note to contact+stories[at]soundcloud[dot]com, and we'll get in touch about how to put together a 101!
In the meantime get inspired in the SoundCloud 101 section now and as always, let us know what you think in the comments. You know we love getting your feedback.


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Mood-altering verdict: Prozac Case
Mood-altering Verdict
Judge suspects Prozac settlement though case went to jury
Circuit Judge John W. Potter couldn't shake his suspicion that the parties had secretly settled a case involving the antidepressant Prozac — and let him send it to the jury anyway.
A settlement would explain the plaintiff's decision during the trial not to introduce potentially damaging evidence against the defendant drug maker, Eli Lilly & Co.
It also would explain the decision of the plaintiffs not to appeal the Louisville, Ky., jury's finding that Prozac did not cause a gunman's deadly rampage.
Acting on his suspicions, Potter scheduled a hearing to determine whether he should amend the judgment to read that the case was resolved by a settlement rather than a jury verdict. The Jefferson County judge took the action even though state court rules and case law did not give him explicit authority to do so.
On May 23, a unanimous Kentucky Supreme Court agreed in Potter v. Eli Lilly & Co., 1996 WL 277906, that Potter could proceed. It relied on the gelatinous inherent-powers doctrine, which allows courts to protect the integrity of the proceedings before them.
"In this case, there was a serious lack of candor with the trial court and there may have been de- ception, bad faith conduct, abuse of judicial process or perhaps even fraud," the justices wrote.
Experts say the decision is not all that surprising, although the lawyer who represented Eli Lilly at trial believes the justices went too far. "We feel like the Supreme Court stretched in granting these inherent powers to the trial court," says Paul L. Smith of Dallas. "We did nothing improper."
Courts have used the inherent powers doctrine to justify a smorgasbord, indeed "a complete dog's breakfast" of actions, including contempt citations and Rule 11-type sanctions, says Stephen C. Yeazell, a law professor at the University of California at Los Angeles and a civil procedure expert.
"The inherent powers doctrine is pretty ill-defined," he says. "It gets hauled out of the attic at unpredictable times to deal with oddball cases like this."
Indeed, the Kentucky justices had to reach back more than 50 years, to the 1944 U.S. Supreme Court case of Hazel-Atlas Co. v. Hartford Co., 322 U.S. 238, to allow Potter to reopen the judgment to guard against possible fraud.
Although rarely invoked, the doctrine is powerful. "You find it here and there," says Cornell Law School Professor Charles W. Wolfram, another civil procedure expert. "It's a robust concept."
Much Money at Stake
To be sure, the stakes were high for Lilly. Prozac accounted for more than $2 billion in sales in 1995. The Louisville case was the first of 160 to go to trial on claims that Prozac caused erratic and dangerous behavior in some patients.
The Louisville jury's determination was important to Indianapolis-based Lilly, both for public relations and for leverage in settlement negotiations in other cases, says company spokesman Ed West.
West also acknowledges that the parties did reach an "agreement" just before the end of the 47-day trial, after Potter decided to allow presentation of potentially damaging evidence about the company's failure to report deaths caused by an arthritis drug called Oraflex.
West declines to describe the pact as a settlement. "If a settlement had happened, why would we want it to go to a jury?" he says.
The agreement provided that both sides would not present further evidence and would not appeal the outcome. In exchange, the plaintiffs were to receive undisclosed financial compensation, regardless of the verdict.
How much did the plaintiffs receive? "The amount boggles the mind," says Louisville lawyer Cecil Blye Sr., who represented a plaintiff in an unrelated divorce.
[note: the article above identifies Paul L. Smith of Dallas as the lawyer who represented Eli Lilly at trial. In fact, he is the attorney who represented the plaintiffs in the case.]
[Dr. Breggin testified as a medical expert on behalf of the plaintiffs in this case.]


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This seminar is from 10:00am to 12.30pm.
Starting a business? Join our free seminar and we'll introduce some of our key tools and resources to help make it easier to manage your tax obligations.
Register for our seminar to learn about topics including:
- working smarter with our online services
- business structures
- income tax
- expenses you can claim
- record keeping
- working smarter with out online services.
This seminar is ideal for sole traders, companies and other small businesses. Wi-Fi is available at our presentations, so feel free to bring along your smart device or laptop.


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Vice President
First Lady
Mrs. Cheney
News & Policies
History & Tours | Kids | Your Government | Appointments | Jobs | Contact | Graphic version
Email Updates | Español | Accessibility | Search | Privacy Policy | Help
For Immediate Release
Office of the Press Secretary
May 24, 2002
Fact Sheet: Business Dialogue
Russian-American Business Dialogue
The Russian-American Business Dialogue (RABD) was established by the Russian and American business communities and welcomed by Presidents Bush and Putin at the July 2001 Genoa Summit. The Dialogue has been steered by the U.S.-Russia Business Council, American Chamber of Commerce in Russia, Russian-American Business Council, and the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, and is open to input from interested companies and business associations in both countries.
The Dialogue is a business-to-business mechanism for expanding contact between the two private sectors, identifying areas where laws and regulations impede trade and investment, and providing a forum where businesses' common interests and concerns can be raised with both governments. Issues covered in the Dialogue's first annual report, presented to the Russian and American Governments in Moscow, include:
The Russian-American Business Dialogue marks the first such comprehensive effort by the United States and Russian business communities to work together to develop consensus recommendations across a full range of issues and industries, and to join together in cooperative activities to promote trade and investment. The Business Dialogue will continue its work.
# # #
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By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
GILBERTON, Pa. — A suspended Pennsylvania police chief who posted online videos in which he shot borough-owned automatic weapons while shouting obscenities about liberals and the Second Amendment says he has nothing to apologize for.
Gilberton Chief Mark Kessler told reporters outside his closed-door disciplinary hearing Thursday morning that he has been an excellent police chief.
The borough council meets Thursday night and could decide his fate. Kessler has said he expects to be fired.
Kessler's pro-gun videos have garnered hundreds of thousands of views online. He acknowledges that they are inflammatory but says they're designed to draw attention to what he views as the erosion of Second Amendment and other constitutional rights.
Some of his supporters came to Thursday's hearing and got into a heated debate with an opponent.


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labelit_ufs - provide and print labels for ufs file systems
labelit -F ufs [generic_options] special [fsname volume]
labelit is used to write labels on unmounted disk file systems. Such labels may be used to uniquely identify volumes and are used by volume-oriented programs such as volcopy(8).
The following option is supported:
options supported by the generic labelit command. See labelit(8).
The following operands are supported:
name should be the physical disk section (for example, /dev/dsk/c0d0s6). The device may not be on a remote machine.
represents the mount point (for example, root, u1, and so on) of the file system.
may be used to represent the physical volume name.
If fsname and volume are not specified, labelit prints the current values of these labels. Both fsname and volume are limited to six or fewer characters.
The following exit values are returned:
Write or display of labels was successful.
An error occurred.
See attributes(7) for descriptions of the following attributes:


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Lisa Garber
Smart meters—utility meters that use radio frequencies (RF) to report data to utility offices for billing and other purposes—may be harmful to your health.
Just ask Joe Esposito, on whose home the Public Service Company of Oklahoma slapped a smart meter despite his explicit wishes it not be installed. Shortly after installation, Esposito began to experience tooth aches, constant tingling, and aches in his leg that kept him from sleeping. After watching a video by Dr. Dietrich Klinghardt called "Smart Meters & EMR: The Heath Crisis of Our Time," Esposito put up lead sheeting around the meter. He began immediately to sleep well, to feel no pain in his leg, and relief from his other symptoms. He even experimented on himself by removing the lead once in a while, noting that the pains and sleeplessness returned upon doing so.
Esposito is not alone in this experience; a survey by Dr. Ed Halteman, PhD, found that the many of the 318 residents of a surveyed area with smart meters installed in their homes experienced:
• Sleep problems (49 percent surveyed)
• Stress (43 percent)
• Headaches (40 percent)
• Ringing in the ears (38 percent)
• Heart problems (26 percent)
Admittedly, symptoms like stress and sleep problems come from many factors. Halteman noted, however, that sleep problems doubled after smart meter installation.
Industry Bias is Showing
It's no surprise that the study by the industry group, the Electric Power Research Institute, found smart meter radio frequency emission levels well within federal safety guidelines. Even the Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) study found emission levels to be in "full compliance with Federal Communications Commission regulations by a very wide margin." Their bias—like anyone else's—is patent.
Many other studies back up Halteman's findings, however. The American Academy of Environmental Medicine's report, "Electromagnetic and Radiofrequency Fields Effect on Human Health" warns of medical conditions that may make some people more susceptible to RF and EMF. The AAEM also requested "an immediate and complete moratorium on [the Public Utilities Commission of California's smart meter] use." They add that existing FCC guidelines for RF safety used by the PG&E and Electric Power Research Institute studies "only look at thermal tissue damage and are obsolete, since many modern studies show metabolic and genomic damage from RF and ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) exposures below the level of intensity which heats tissues."
Radiation Unsafe at Any Dose
In 2011, the World Health Organization stated that cell phone radiation may have a carcinogenic effect, and a Swedish study has found that 10 years of cell phone use leads to an average of 290 percent raised risk of brain tumor development. The Wi-Fi emitted from laptops is also a point of contention, which is why we advise against its use directly on the lap.
Radiation is unsafe at any dose, and it would be little more than arrogance to think that our careless leaps and bounds into greater technology could not come without (potentially) ugly consequences.
Lisa's appears courtesy of NaturalSociety.


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As the iPhone 5S nears mass production ahead of its launch this coming fall, leaks will undoubtedly kick into high gear. We saw the first few images of the completed display assembly for Apple's iPhone 5S leak earlier this week, and now the first set of high-quality photos of the new iPhone's panel have been published by Fanatic Fone. The high-resolution photos show the iPhone 5S display assembly next to an iPhone 5 display, and they clearly highlight all of the design changes found on the new panel. As was confirmed in a recent exclusive report from BGR, Apple's upcoming iPhone 5S will feature a fairly significant internal redesign as Apple seeks to improve on the iPhone 5 and possibly make room for new components, such as a fingerprint scanner. Several photos of the iPhone 5S display follow below.
Of note, while the Fanatic Fone website is new, BGR is familiar with the site's owners and we have every reason to believe the display pictured below is authentic. The display below also matches photos of the unit pictured earlier this week.


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Pope Benedict XVI gave his pontificate's final Sunday blessing from his studio window to the cheers of tens of thousands of people packing St. Peter's Square, but sought to reassure the faithful that he wasn't abandoning the church by retiring to spend his final years in prayer.
The pontiff is stepping down on Thursday evening, the first Pope to do so in 600 years, after saying he no longer has the mental or physical strength to lead the world's 1.2 billion Catholics.
Clear, strong voice
But while he has lately looked tired and frail, the crowd filling the cobblestone square seemed to energise him, and he spoke in a clear, strong voice, repeatedly thanking the faithful for their closeness and affection as they interrupted him, again and again, with applause and cheers. Police estimated some 100,000 people turned out.
The Pope told the crowd that God is calling him to dedicate himself "even more to prayer and meditation", which he will do in a secluded monastery being renovated for him on the grounds behind Vatican City's ancient walls.
"But this doesn't mean abandoning the church", he said, as many in the crowd looked sad at his departure from regular view.
"On the contrary, if God asks me, this is because I can continue to serve it [the church] with the same dedication and the same love which I have tried to do so until now, but in a way more suitable to my age and to my strength."
The phrase "tried to" was the Pope's adlibbed addition to his prepared text.
The Pope (85) has one more public appearance, a Wednesday general audience in St. Peter's Square.
He smiled at the crowd after an aide parted the white curtain at his window, telling the people, "thank you for your affection."
"We thank God for the sun he has given us," said the Pope, sounding cheerful.
As cheers continued in the crowd, the pontiff simply turned away from the window and stepped back down into apartment, which he will leave on Thursday, taking a helicopter to the Vatican summer residence in the hills outside Rome while he waits for the monastery to be ready.
A child in the crowd held up a sign on a yellow placard, written in Italian, "You are not alone, I'm with you."
Other admirers held homemade signs, saying "Grazie."
No date has yet been set for the start of the conclave of cardinals, who will vote in secret to elect Benedict's successor.
Flags in the crowd represented many nations, with a large number from Brazil.


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Little Jump is fully responsive, clean and minimal WordPress theme for the Business, Professional, Enterprise and Developers. It has various options in WordPress Customizer to change look and feel of the theme such as primary design color, background and Sidebars. It comprises of the Two menu Positions the Header Menu and the Footer Menu too. Mobile Responsive Inbuilt with this theme helps for the Developers to make the theme ease of use. Responsive Mobile Navigation Inbuilt. Little Jump is ready to use with child themes and gives for developers simple design change with custom hooks and action.
Download Live Demo
Theme Page


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Play Along or Create Custom Tunes with Dr. Seuss Band - For Free!
Posted by Rob Rich on February 22nd, 2012
+ Universal App - Designed for iPhone and iPad
Ridiculous and physically impossible musical instruments, with equally ridiculous and physically impossible names, can only mean one thing: Dr. Seuss. Or in this case, a Dr. Seuss Band.
Players can choose from a set of five different horns, then decide whether they'd like to mess around making their own music or try to go for the high score while recreating tunes from one of ten original songs from Hop on Pop to The Cat in the Hat. The sounds each horn makes can be tweaked by adding bizarre attechments such as fishbowls and train whistles, which fits right in, honestly. It's even possible to exchange various horn parts to create some truly weird... things that make noise.
This suitable-for-all-ages piece of musically interactive childhood has just recently seen a price drop, so now anyone can compose their own Seussian melodies on their iOS device for free. Sounds awfully tempting...
Dr. Seuss Band
+ Universal App - Designed for iPhone and iPad
Released: 2011-12-08 :: Category: Game


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Robert Jeffress Calls Romney 'Lesser of Two Evils,' Maintains 'Mormonism Is Not Christianity'
Pastor Robert Jeffress of First Baptist Church in Dallas spoke at the 2012 Pastor Appreciation Luncheon Monday, and suggested that GOP presidential candidate Mitt Romney is "the lesser of two evils" when it comes to Christians choosing who to vote for in November.
"The fear among evangelicals is that this would legitimize a religion that we believe doesn't lead people to God," said Jeffress, who leads an 11,000-strong congregation.
"And so those of us who have said yes (to Romney), we're going to support him as the lesser of two evils, but at the same time, we're making very clear that we're doing so realizing Mormonism is not Christianity."
The speech at the gathering of around 300 pastors comes nearly a year after he said that Mormonism does not align with orthodox Christianity.
In April of this year, he endorsed Romney for the GOP nomination for president, noting that his decision is still in-tune with his views and that does not mean that he endorses Mormonism.
"I haven't changed my tune. In fact, I never said Christians should not vote for Mitt Romney. When I talked about his theology, I was answering a question about theology. And I still maintain there are vast differences in theology between Mormons and Christians, but we do share many of the same values, like the sanctity of life and religious freedom," the pastor said.
At Monday's event at The Club at Sonterra in San Antonio, the Southern Baptist minister again shared his belief that politics plays an important part in shaping religion in America.
"Do you know there are Christians out there right now who believe that to use your personal faith to try to change the course of our country is un-American, un-Christian and maybe illegal?" Jeffress said. "The Bible says for us to be salt, which means we're to change the culture we're in. Politics is not a dirty word."
In May 2012, a poll by the Public Religion Research Institute found that despite differences in faith, white evangelical voters strongly support candidate Romney over President Barack Obama, at 68 percent compared to 19 percent.


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A young artist struggling with his career and his muse is getting more than a little aggravation from Cupid in this romantic comedy written and directed by Woody Allen. Jerry Falk (Jason Biggs) is a promising 21-year-old comedy writer living in New York City. While Jerry has talent, he's having a hard time getting his career off the ground, which might have something to do with the fact his agent Harvey (Danny DeVito) is a well-meaning, but ineffectual, blowhard, and his mentor David Dobel (Allen) is an increasingly paranoid eccentric whose twin careers as a teacher and standup comic are both floundering. Poised at the top of Jerry's mountain of anxieties is his relationship with his girlfriend Amanda (Christina Ricci); from the first moment he saw her, Jerry has been in love with her, but Amanda's multiple neuroses, fear of commitment, and frustrating intimacy issues make her all but impossible to be around. Jerry is approaching his breaking point when the small flat he shares with Amanda becomes home to a third roommate - Amanda's mother Paula (Stockard Channing), who has decided to come to New York to chase her dream of becoming a cabaret singer. Anything Else also features supporting performances from Jimmy Fallon, William Hill, and jazz vocalist Diana Krall.


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Lakewood Apartment Fire Displaces 35
A Lakewood apartment fire early Sunday morning has displaced 35 people
Three people were also hospitalized by the fire in an apartment building on Forest Avenue and 4th Street which broke out around 5 a.m. according to the LakewoodScoop.com.
Several early risers who called for help heard screams and glass breaking as flames shot out of the building.
Lakewood Police Sgt. Summer Cunliffe tells the Asbury Park Press that one unit in the building was severely damaged by the fire, while other units sustained lesser damage.
The Lakewood Police Department acted as a temporary shelter awaiting the arrival of the Red Cross to assist.
All Lakewood companies responded to the blaze as well as Brick's Fast Team, Lakewood First Aid and EMS.
The Ocean County Fire Marshall's Office is investigating but the fire appears to be an accident.
The Associated Press contributed to this story.


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UPDATE: Back in March, we turned our attention to the 47th anniversary of Bloody Sunday. In the months since, we've crisscrossed the nation and detailed how the fights of 50 years ago are being resurrected today. The Atlantic's Andrew Cohen yesterday offered his own telling, invoking Dr. King's famous quote, "The arc of the moral universe is long but it bends towards justice," to break down the dangerous myths and machinations of voter suppression, concluding that "[t]hese new laws seek to bend the arc backward again, to take away from people their effective right to vote." It's important that we remain vigilant over the next nine weeks, so that on November 6 eligible Americans are able to cast a vote and have it count. In the words of LBJ, "Then with his vote and his voice he is equipped with a very potent weapon to guarantee his own dignity." Click here and here for more from Andrew Cohen.
March 7, 2012 marked the 47th anniversary of the "Bloody Sunday" when voting rights marchers were beaten in their attempt to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama.
NAACP President Ben Jealous joined activists from then and now in marking the occasion with another march, saying protest is just as necessary now as it was then.
"We need people to understand that not only is history not very distant, but we stand on the precipice of repeating it," Jealous said.
The NAACP leader said strict voter ID laws that won't allow people to vote without a driver's license or passport are unnecessary and will make it difficult — and in some cases impossible — for 5 million people to vote.
"We need to make sure that the principle of one person, one vote, is respected," he said.
Last fall's The Right to Vote under Attack: The Campaign to Keep Millions of Americans from the Ballot Box, a Right Wing Watch: In Focus report by PFAW Foundation, details how the fights of 50 years ago are being resurrected today. Indeed we've seen the strict laws that Jealous mentions pushed in states including Virginia, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, and Texas, among others, along with the rise of the American Legislative Exchange Council.
Following what happened in Virginia, Washington Post editorialized against strict ID.
Even if Republican lawmakers aren't personally acquainted with people who don't carry ID, they exist. And provided they are legally registered to vote, they should be allowed to cast their ballots — without encumbrances manufactured by the state.
Ari Berman wrote in Rolling Stone about what he believes are the political motivations and consequences.
Since the 2010 election, Republicans have waged an unprecedented war on voting, with the unspoken but unmistakable goal of preventing millions of mostly Democratic voters, including students, minorities, immigrants, ex-convicts and the elderly, from casting ballots in 2012. More than a dozen states, from Texas to Wisconsin and Florida, have passed laws designed to impede voters at every step of the electoral process, whether by requiring birth certificates to register to vote, restricting voter registration drives, curtailing early voting, requiring government-issued IDs to cast a ballot, or disenfranchising ex-felons.
Within days, the crucial battlegrounds of Pennsylvania and Virginia will become the latest GOP states to pass legislation erecting new barriers to voting. If, as expected, the new laws lead to fewer Democrats casting ballots in November, both states could favor Republicans, possibly shifting the balance of power in Congress and denying Barack Obama a second term.
Republicans have long tried to drive Democratic voters away from the polls. "I don't want everybody to vote," the influential conservative activist Paul Weyrich told a gathering of evangelical leaders in 1980. "As a matter of fact, our leverage in the elections quite candidly goes up as the voting populace goes down." But since the 2010 election, thanks to a conservative advocacy group founded by Weyrich, the GOP's effort to disrupt voting rights has been more widespread and effective than ever. In a systematic campaign orchestrated by the American Legislative Exchange Council – and funded in part by David and Charles Koch, the billionaire brothers who bankrolled the Tea Party – 38 states introduced legislation this year designed to impede voters at every step of the electoral process.
Then there's Roll Call.
Rock the Vote is one of several dozen organizations, from civil rights groups to Latino, labor and women's groups, that have launched a multipart campaign to push back against new registration rules for voters that have been enacted in many states. The fight over voter access has triggered state-level lobbying, ballot initiatives and lawsuits, and the issue will likely land before the Supreme Court.
Voting rights activists are responding to a wave of state laws enacted after the 2010 elections, which ushered in GOP majorities in more than two dozen state legislatures. Voting rights advocates have struggled to gain traction amid public indifference and more visible collective bargaining fights, but they are starting to win attention at the Justice Department and on Capitol Hill.
However voter ID is resolved, it's clear that it's an issue of national concern, not one isolated to a few states.
Or even international. Jealous and the NAACP have put the issue before the United Nations Human Rights Council. Click here to read their report, Defending Democracy: Confronting Modern Barriers to Voting Rights in America.


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Following the Redskins' 38-21 win over the Browns in Cleveland, several members of London Fletcher's family were reportedly involved in an altercation with Browns fans that resulted in three arrests and one hospitalization. Fletcher is a Cleveland native and this was the first NFL game he played in his hometown.
According to the family, "Cleveland police used Tasers during the incident, which resulted in the arrest" of two of Fletcher's cousins, Hasaan Robinson and Douglas Robinson as well as an unnamed nephew.
Nita Ashford, a Cleveland school teacher and a relative of Fletcher, told NewsChannel5 that her family was attacked by angry Browns fans as the family left Sunday's game. During the attack, Fletcher's aunt, 57-year-old-Evette Robinson, suffered a heart attack and was rushed to MetroHealth Medical Center, where her condition at this time is still unknown.
We'll update accordingly.
Update 9:55 p.m.: There appears to be video of a portion of the altercation and its aftermath.
London Fletcher's family involved in police incident at Browns Stadium; 3 arrests, 1 to hospital [Newsnet 5]


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Chronic: A pathologic term for a thick walled, fibrotic, contracted
gallbladder clinically, it is used to describe chronic gallbladder disease characterized by symptoms that include recurrent biliary colic.
Acute: Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall, usually as a response to cystic duct obstruction by a gallstone.
This condition is characterized by severe pain that becomes localized in the upper right quadrant, radiating to right lower
scapula. Nausea &vomiting are common. Murphy's sign is found. Cholecystitis responds well to herbal treatment given time, which the
patient may not allow it because of the extreme pain. Diet is pivotal as any fats will precipitate the pain.
medicine tends to downplay the role of the gall bladder and of bile in digestion. That may be why the gall bladder is so often
surgically removed when gallstones are present, and it is said that such people lead perfectly normal lives thereafter. Even though the
absence of the gallbladder is tolerable, the presence of a healthy gallbladder helps ensure digestive effectiveness which directly
decreases the chances of arteriosclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and so forth.
Actions indicated for the processes behind this disease
Hepatic tonics will support the work of the liver
and so have a positive metabolic effect .
Anti-inflammatories may help in reducing the severity of swelling.
Anti-spasmodics may help ease the colic in the gallbladder or ducts.
"Eliminative support" must be given to help
the body as a whole deal with the systemic problems that ensue from the digestive repercussions as well as the pain induced stress..
Alteratives/Tonics will support the body as a whole in its healing work.
Nervines help ease the strain from the pain
and general worry.
Anti-microbials will be helpful as surface immune support even if there is no infection present.
Caution: Bitters and strong cholagogues are contraindicated because they increase the strength of muscle contraction.
Specific Remedies
The usual hepatic tonics and anti-lithics will be useful here but are not specifics
as such.
One possible prescription
- Wild Yam – 2 parts
- Fringetree Bark – 2 parts
Valerian – 2 parts
- Dandelion root – 1 part
- Black Root – 1 part to 5 ml taken tree times a day.
- Fringetree Bark – 2 parts
An infusion of a carminative, anti-spasmodic, nervine should be taken regularly throughout the day. Chamomile is an excellent example.
This supplies anti-spasmodic, hepatic, nervine preventative anti-lithicactions. Many other herbs could be used.
Consider Balmony, Vervain, Oregon Grape etc.. The eclectics would have suggested Golden Seal in small amounts as part of
such a mixture, as well as Lobelia.
Broader Context of Treatment
Diet and stress management are crucial. Chemical
pain relief may be indicated in the severe cases.


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chicken vitamins
Showing the single result
Feed Supplements
Poultry All in One Formula
Poultry All in One Formula
- Brand: GPF
- Weight: 1kg
- Packet dimensions: 7x7x2 (inches)
- Used as: Poultry Feed
- Suitable for: boilers, quails, layers, country chicken, small pet birds
- Used to: support digestive health
- Formula contains: Vitamins (A, B1, B2, B6, B12), Trace Minerals (Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Ferrous, Potassium, cobalt, etc.), Macro Minerals (Phosphorus and Calcium), Amino Acids (Herbal), Enzymes, Antioxidants, Toxin Binder (separate pouch)
Key Points: Important constituents that "All in One Formula" contains-
- Trace Minerals like Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Cobalt, Ferrous, Potassium, etc.
- Macro Minerals like a Phosphorus and Calcium.
- Added Enzymes & Antioxidants for excellent results
- Vitamins like Vit. A, B1, B2, B6, B12 in required doses.
- Herbal Amino acids in a balanced proportion
- Toxin binder – In a separate pouch.
Poultry All-In-One Formula is for those who want to make their own feed for the layers, broilers, country chicken, or quails. Instead of arranging so many supplements, this single product delivers all the routine additives required for the feed.SKU: GPF-AIO1
Showing the single result


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My drawing buddy Farel Dalrymple has a new graphic novel out from First Second titled WRENCHIES. On the surface, it appears a post-apocalyptic adventure, but underneath it's a meta, existentialist, psychedelic, and deeply personal epic. WRENCHIES explores religious upbringing, guilt, addiction, and self-destructive tendencies while leavening it with moments of child-like, nerdy bliss and the most endearing chubby kid in a homemade superhero outfit named Hollis. Haunting and glowing. If you're in Portland, FLOATING WORLD is hosting a launch for the book from 6-10pm this Thursday, August 7th.
(The image on the left is Farel's rendition of Dodola & Zam from FLOATING WORLD's launch for HABIBI back in October 2011.)
Another book I NEED to endorse is Kyle Minor's PRAYING DRUNK. My fervor for this book is almost religious; I went and ordered a bunch of copies directly from the publisher SARABANDE BOOKS to proselytize my loved ones. And yet I'm dumbfounded attempting to articulate the magic this book works — the blurbs on Minor's site do a decent job – or you can wet your curiosity with a great interview with the author on my pal David Naimon's literary podcast BETWEEN THE COVERS. What I can say is this book shook me and humbled me and stays with me, and you won't regret picking up a copy for yourself.


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PayPal's major drawback for small businesses has been that customers need to leave the website they're shopping on to process a payment. Starting today, however, the new PayPal Payments system will let you keep customers on your website while they're completing a purchase.
PayPal Payments includes three tiers of service: Standard for free; Advanced at $5 per month; and Pro for $30 per month. Each paid tier offers new features that PayPal hasn't previously offered to small businesses at entry level pricing.
With PayPal Payments' Advanced tier at $5 per month, you can enable customers to complete transactions on your own website. This used to be available only through PayPal's Website Payments Pro service, which kicked in at 100 transactions per month.
The Standard tier includes everything that PayPal currently offers, including a free PayPal Here card reader that will roll out to all businesses later this year. While the card reader is free, any merchant will have to pay 2.7 percent on each credit card transaction swiped through the reader.
The $30-per-month tier, PayPal Payments Pro, lets small businesses accept credit cards through fax, phone, and mail through their PayPal Virtual Terminal, eliminating the need for another merchant account. Virtual Terminal lets you process credit card orders online without a credit card terminal. This should attract any business that has been using PayPal to process their online transactions and another provider for the rest of their transactions.
If your business can handle its cash flow potentially being put on hold for a couple of weeks at a time, then PayPal Payments Pro would be an acceptable and low-cost merchant account solution for you. The Pro tier also allows merchants to customize their own checkout pages, giving them the same look and feel as the rest of the site.
PayPal doesn't put a merchant through the usual rigorous application that a bank or other merchant account provider does. The price for this easy entry into online payments, however, is that PayPal can potentially freeze your account due to a sudden spike in sales volumes or other security triggers. And if your business deals in any adult toys or erotic literature, you may not want to adopt PayPal as your merchant account provider due to its recent ban on adult products.
Angela West uses PayPal frequently enough that it feels like her bank account. She's written for big insurance companies, small wildlife control businesses, gourmet food chains, and more. Follow her on Twitter at @angelawest and Facebook.


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Core: Issues https://support.chamilo.org/ https://support.chamilo.org/favicon.ico?1669909233 2014-08-12T13:09:28Z Chamilo Tracking System Redmine Analysis #7228 (New): upload security issues https://support.chamilo.org/issues/7228 2014-08-12T13:09:28Z Anonymous
Any visitor (anonymously) can upload files to chamilo-user folders via repository/php/ajax/upload_image.class.php. It suffices to send an HTTP POST request to chamilo's ajax.php with the following parameters:
context=repository
method=upload_image
user_id=<any user id>
Filedata=<arbitrary file>

This allows DoS attacks by flooding the servers filesystem, or attacks on specific users by flooding their folder and surpassing their quotas.

Secondly, common/libraries/plugin/jquery-old/uploadify2/example/scripts/uploadify.php contains example code that allows users to upload arbitrary files to arbitrary locations within a chamilo installation. The example script folder should be removed, or the move_uploaded_file line should be commented out.
 Bug #5900 (New): Quicktime size https://support.chamilo.org/issues/5900 2013-01-24T15:50:48Z Miguel van den Branden firstname.lastname@example.com
A video object with the Quicktime plugin is not loaded correctly sized. The playback bar below the video image is half outside. Is there a way to make this so that it is properly loads?


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Growing concern about a cougar in a northern Vancouver Island town took a grisly turn today when a man found the beheaded remains of his cat in the woods near his house.
Port Hardy's Eric Blacha believes a cougar may have been responsible for his gruesome discovery in the wake of a series of sightings, a warning issued to area schoolchildren, and an incident where a neighbourhood chicken was also snatched by wildlife.
Blacha said he leashed his male cat, Cosmo, outside the front of his house near the Beaver Harbour trailer park at around 8 p.m., Oct. 22.
"I went to go check on him. I couldn't find him or hear him and just kept checking on him," he said. Blacha grew concerned for his white-furred pet. In an online post, he noted Cosmo was "gone all night which isn't like him at all."
This morning, after Blacha's mother, Kathleen Gillis, spotted what she thinks may have been a cougar when starting her vehicle, Blacha ventured out into the nearby woods to search for Cosmo.
He encountered a small hole, which could have been dug by the cougar. He noticed "a clump of hair and kind of moved the dirt and sticks" and discovered the cat's remains.
"He was headless," Blacha said.
Conservation officers came early this morning, and, according to Blacha, they planned to send out a trained hound to track the predator. Jonathan Paquin, local conservation officer for the North Island, has since confirmed a cougar, which was located near Blacha's residence, was in fact euthanized.
Fort Rupert Elementary School recently released a warning, adding that students are not allowed to linger outside the school building, which is less than a kilometre away from where the incident occurred.
WildSafeBC stated that "if you encounter a cougar, keep calm. Make yourself look as large as possible and back away slowly, keeping the cougar in view, and allowing a clear exit for the cougar. Pick up children and small pets immediately. Never run or turn your back- sudden movements may provoke an attack."
The organization also added that in the case of an aggressive cougar, "respond aggressively in all cases as cougars see you as a meal: keep eye contact, yell and make loud noises, and show your teeth."
WildSafeBC pointed out that, like the case of Cosmo, the cougar will often "pull debris over the carcass to keep off scavengers. The cougar will stay near a kill site, returning to it regularly until the prey is completely consumed."
Residents are encouraged to report any dangerous wildlife sightings to conservation.


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Lorna Mary Swain
Quick Info
Hampstead, London, England
Cambridge, England
BiographyLorna Swain's father was Edward Swain (born Ropsley, Lincolnshire about 1853) who was a solicitor. Her mother was Mary Isabella Victoria Swain (born at St Paul's, London about 1865).
Lorna Swain was educated at South Hampstead High School in London. From there she won a scholarship to study at Newnham College, Cambridge and she began her studies in 1910. In 1913 she graduated with a First Class honours degree in mathematics and was appointed to an assistant lecturer post at Newnham College with the start of the appointment delayed for a year to allow her to spend a year in Göttingen.
However 1914 was not the best of year to begin research in Germany. Shortly after she arrived there war broke out and she hurriedly returned to England. Her mathematical books and papers fared less well and remained interned for several years before eventually being returned.
Swain's mathematical interests were in fluid dynamics so, as Göttingen was out of the question, she went to Manchester to work with Horace Lamb. While in Manchester she published her first paper, a joint paper with Lamb. As planned, she returned to Newnham College in 1915 to take up her lecturing post. However World War I again affected her career since she now undertook war work at the Royal Aircraft Establishment.
The war work she undertook was related to her expertise in fluids, and she worked on problem of vibration of propellers of aircraft. Her work was written up jointly with H A Webb and appeared as a Report of the Advisory Committee for Aeronautics in 1919.
In 1920 Swain was appointed Director of Studies at Newnham College. With heavy teaching and administrative responsibilities she had less time to undertake research but she did publish an important work on motion through a viscous fluid in 1923 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
Kennedy describes her commitment to teaching and education in [1] as follows:-
It was one of her guiding principles to do everything she could to encourage the study of mathematics not only in her own College but generally among women. For this reason she was an active member of the Mathematical Association and served on their committee to investigate the teaching of applied mathematics. ... She felt that school work could foster or spoil a gift for mathematics and that it was of the first importance that girls should have good teaching. Her own work, she thought, could contribute to the supply of teachers... all her students know how carefully she arranged the work for each individual, giving extra help herself when she thought it necessary.In 1926 Lorna Swain was promoted to College Lecturer and she then had the opportunity to give advanced courses on hydromechanics and dynamics. A years study leave in 1928-29 allowed her to spend the year at Göttingen that the war had robbed her of earlier. This was a time when she was able to undertake concentrated research and another important work On the turbulent wake behind a body of revolution was published in 1929.
Lorna Swain is described in [1] as:-
... unassuming, reserved in manner, often silent, a singularly faithful friend. Her former pupils were sure of her interest and encouragement in their careers, of a warm and sincere welcome when they visited her, of prompt and valuable advice when they consulted her.Her death at a young age took away someone at the height of their teaching and research powers:-
Her wisdom and influence were increasing, her powers of mind were still expanding, when she was overtaken by illness and death. It would be idle to guess what more she might have done if she had lived; it is certain she contributed worthily to mathematical education and to mathematical thought.
References (show)
- M D Kennedy, Lorna Mary Swain, J. London Math. Soc. 9 (1934), 155-157.
Additional Resources (show)
Other websites about Lorna Swain:
Written by J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Last Update October 1997
Last Update October 1997


text: While we rarely cover truck tuning, this Xplore Dodge Ram caught our attention for all the outdoor enthusiasts around the world. The company behind the work, Venchurs Vehicle Systems, aims to provide custom projects for all types of SUVs and off-road vehicles. Now this picture is just a concept, but the company also plans to offer work for the Ford F-Series and Chevrolet Silverado, with up to four different stages of aftermarket customizations for your truck tuning.


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Seinfeld not only paved the way for much of modern television (as our Matt Zoller Seitz argues), it also created its own financial empire. Here, an examination of the show's salaries, mini-economies, and GDP impact.
The Take
$3.1 billion: The amount the show has generated since entering syndication in 1995.
$400 million: What Larry David and Jerry Seinfeld can each make just from the most recent syndication cycle.
The Salary
For a potential tenth season, Seinfeld was offered $5 million per episode, or $110 million per year. He turned it down.
The Long March of the Soup Nazi
1984: Al Yeganeh opens Soup Kitchen International at 259A West 55th Street. Begins forcefully directing customers to the left.
November 1995: Episode 116, "The Soup Nazi," airs. Larry Thomas, who plays Yeganeh, is paid $2,610. Yeganeh hates the nickname.
1997: Yeganeh strikes deal to open kiosks in New York and Canada. It doesn't pan out.
1998: Goes on the Home Shopping Network to sell frozen soups. Gets 1,600 orders in eight minutes.
2004: Closes on 55th Street; with investor Reggie Jackson, forms Soup Kitchen International.
2005: In November, SKI opens on 42nd Street. Line starts to form at 1 a.m.
2007: Forty locations have opened, but many struggle with meager profits and lawsuit threats.
2009–10: SKI sells its assets to a new company, the Original Soup Man, then goes bankrupt. TOSM reopens 55th Street location.
2012–14: TOSM starts selling from soup trucks, backed by Shaquille O'Neal. Yeganeh opens Al's Famous New York Delicatessen & Restaurant, in Atlantic City.
The Mini-Economies
Kenny Kramer: Since 1996, he's given weekly tours during tourist seasons at $37.50 a head. His bus holds 61 people. "I'm not that ambitious, but the revenue is enough to have a positive cash flow."
Snapple: It was a regional brand, recalls Patti Ganguzza, who placed it on the show. By 1994, Quaker Oats would overpay $1.7 billion for the company—then resell it in 1997 for just $300 million.
Junior Mints: Six months after "The Junior Mint" aired, the product line was bought, along with several other candy brands, by Tootsie Roll Industries for $81.3 million.
Festivus Poles: The Wagner Companies, a Milwaukee railing company, has owned exclusive rights to make Festivus poles since 2005. It sells a steady 800 per year, at up to $39 apiece.
Megan Mullally: In 1988, she got all of $5,000 for a Murder, She Wrote gig. Her Seinfeld role, in 1993, raised her visibility; five years later, she started at $80,000 per episode on Will & Grace.
Tom's Restaurant: The owners of the diner at 112th and Broadway never asked for an appearance fee, but today, owner Mike Zoulis says that 5 to 10 percent of his customers are there because of the show.
The Economic Niche
The Bureau of Economic Analysis changed its calculation of the country's gross domestic product in 2013, creating a new category that counts long-running shows like Seinfeld as investments (rather than expenses). The tweak adds $70 billion to the GDP of the United States.
*This article appears in the June 30, 2014 issue of New York Magazine.