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There are many ways to automatically sort products as they move through warehouses and distribution centers. Sortation solutions range from basic pushers and diverters that sort fewer than 30 cartons per minute to sophisticated high-speed sorters that handle as many as 450 items per minute. The right sortation solution depends on the product you're moving and your need for speed.
Sortation systems automatically sort products as they move through a facility. They reduce the manual labor needed to prepare for palletizing, packing, shipping and other industrial operations. In addition, sortation systems can increase efficiency and provide more accurate fill rates, lower return rates and operating costs. All of these benefits add up to lower prices and faster delivery to the consumer.
So, which sortation solution is right for you? "Not all sortation technology is ideal for all types of items," explains Tim Kraus, product manager for Intelligrated. Among the factors to consider, says Kraus, are the types of items to be sorted, the packaging, item diversity and predictability. Most sortation systems can handle a variety of product, but aspects such as size, weight, balance or shape of product may rule out certain sortation technologies, adds Kraus.
Here's a look at some of the most common types of sortation systems.
Not every facility needs to move product at vision-blurring rates. In many cases, slow-speed sortation is enough to meet the requirements.
Slow-speed sortation systems, the slowest and least expensive sorters, work in conjunction with standard belt or roller conveyor lines. These sorters typically handle fewer than 30 cartons or totes per minute.
One example of a slow-speed sorter is a deflector arm. In this design, an arm or paddle sits alongside a conveyor line, opposite a divert point. As a carton approaches, the arm swings out across the conveyor, catching the carton and channeling it off at an angle.
A generous amount of space is needed between cartons to avoid traffic jams behind a deflector arm sorter. These deflectors can be used in a "slug mode" with the arm staying in place to divert a string of cartons down the same divert point.
Another example of a slow-speed sorter is a pusher. A pusher is mounted at the side of a conveyor line, directly across from a divert point. When a product reaches the divert point, the pusher springs out across the conveyor, pushing the product off at a right angle.
Pushers are faster than deflector arms because they don't require as much space between cartons. But fast pushers can pack too much of a punch, so they are not recommended for cartons with fragile contents.
Medium-speed sortation handles about 30 to 200 items per minute. There are a number of styles of sorters available for sorting cartons or totes at these moderate speeds. Among the most popular are pop-up sorters. These linear sorters usually move products down the line on belt conveyor. When the product reaches its divert location, wheels or rollers pop up under the product, lift it slightly above the conveyor surface, and power it off the conveyor, usually at a 30 to 45 degree angle.
A common style of pop-up wheel sorter uses a wide conveyor belt that ends at a divert point and begins again right after the divert point, creating a gap in the conveyor. The gap is filled with several rollers that extend the width of the conveyor. Between those rollers are powered, angled wheels that sit below the level of the conveyor.
When a carton reaches the gap in the conveyor, one of two things happen:
1. The angled wheels remain in place and the carton continues moving forward—across the rollers and onto the next section or conveyor, or
2. The angled wheels rise up under the product, lifting it slightly off the conveyor. The wheels then rotate, diverting the carton off the line.
An alternate style of pop-up sorter uses multiple narrow conveyor belts instead of one wide belt. At each divert point, angled wheels are positioned in the gaps between narrow belts.
These wheels sit below the level of the conveyor until they're needed to divert a carton. When a product reaches the divert point, the angled wheels rise up under the product and divert it.
Pop-up style sorters work best for sorting cartons or other items with firm, flat bottoms. Other items, like poly bags, that have inconsistent surfaces are better handled with sliding shoe sorters. Sliding shoe sorters are more expensive, but they are a better choice for fragile items and can be run at slower speeds if high throughput isn't necessary.
When speed is of the essence, high-speed sorters can divert about 150 to 450 items or cartons per minute, or up to 27,000 cartons per hour. Products can be inducted to the sorter manually or automatically using induction conveyor.
When it comes to induction, the faster you go, the more exact you have to be with product placement onto the sorter, explains Kevin Thuet, director of systems development for TGW Systems. "If you don't place that box exactly—or push that load exactly—it will spin and you could have an error and you won't realize the desired rates."
Higher speed means a higher level of technology and sophistication, but speed, without consideration of other factors such as gapping, gentle handling and accuracy, can actually be an inefficient use of the technology, says Intelligrated's Kraus.
There are four common types of high-speed sorters. Tilt-tray, crossbelt and bomb bay sorters are typically used to sort individual items to workstations such as packing stations or returns processing stations. The fourth type of high-speed sorter, a sliding shoe sorter, usually handles larger cartons and totes.
Tilt tray, crossbelt and bomb bay sorters operate under similar principles, and each type of sorter has the same foundation: a looped track with individual carriages riding on the track.
In a tilt tray sorter, each carriage holds a wooden or plastic tray. Items arrive at the sorter and are released one at a time onto the trays. An item moves around the track until it reaches its intended divert location. Its tray then tilts to one side and gravity pulls the item off the tray. Items usually slide onto a chute or onto a takeaway conveyor positioned at the side of the sorter. The tray then rights itself and is ready to accept another item for sorting.
A crossbelt sorter works on the same basic principle, except instead of a tray, each carriage in the systems holds a 2- to 3-foot cell of belt conveyor powered by a small motor. When an item reaches the divert location, the motor moves the conveyor, discharging the item sideways off the sorter into a chute or onto a takeaway conveyor.
In a bomb bay sorter, each carriage on the track holds a flat tray that has a split down the middle. When an item reaches its intended location, the two sides of the tray swing down and apart, dropping the item into a chute or container positioned directly below the sorter.
Bomb bay sorters are generally less expensive than tilt tray or crossbelt sorters, but they also have the lowest throughout. And while tilt tray and crossbelt sorters can accommodate long items by allowing one item to span across two trays or two belts, bomb bay sorters are limited to small items. And, the items have to be able to tolerate the drop without being damaged.
Additionally, bomb bay sorters have unique benefits when there are space constraints in a facility. These sortation systems can fit into very narrow spaces because sort locations are positioned directly under the sorter track.
"We're seeing more and more bomb bay sorters in use," says Mike Hahn, vice president of Knapp Logistics & Automation. "In certain applications they are very good performers. In terms of cost, they provide a good value to customers. In terms of space, this type of equipment is very good because the chutes are underneath not on the side. Bomb bay sorters are very space efficient when limited space is available."
While crossbelt sorters are the most expensive of these high-speed options, they also offer the most product control because they use their own power to divert products rather than relying on gravity. This means the sorter can go faster and the divert locations can be placed closer together.
A tilt tray sorter requires more space between divert locations than a crossbelt sorter, but it also has fewer moving parts, making it less expensive and easier to maintain.
Sorting cartons at high speeds usually requires a sliding shoe sorter. Instead of being configured in a loop, a sliding shoe sorter is linear: products enter at the beginning of the line and are diverted before they reach the end of the line.
The bed of a sliding shoe sorter is essentially a length of metal slat conveyor with a small rubber clock (called a shoe) mounted on each slat. In most designs, the shoes line up along the side of the conveyor opposite the divert locations. The conveyor carries a carton along the line, and when the carton reaches its divert location, several shoes are activated. The shoes slide across the slats and push the carton off the side off the sorter, usually at a slight angle.
"The number of shoes activated depends on the size of the item being transferred," says Joe O'Connor, director of marketing for Automotion, a Wynright company. The rule of thumb, says O'Connor, is for the whole carton to be impacted by the shoes, with a shoe out front and a shoe behind, sometimes even two out front and behind, to prevent the product from spinning. The idea is as the shoe slides across the conveyor, it's guiding the carton and changing its orientation at the same time.
An alternate design places shoes down the center of the conveyor and pushes cartons in either direction.
A sliding shoe sorter usually sorts 200 to 300 cartons per minute, depending on the characteristics of the product and on how closely the induction system spaces the cartons.
A key component of most sortation systems is a fixed-position bar code scanner. The scanner identifies each carton or item on the conveyor and sends that information to the sortation system controls. The controls have been pre-programmed with the destination of each product and can activate the sortation mechanism when the product arrives at its designated divert point.
The smaller the item, the more scanners or sensors you need to ensure the item is seen, explains Mark Wolkenfeld, vice president of GBI Data & Sorting Systems. This is also the case with items like polybags because a sensor can go right through it, he adds.
Sensors and scanners can go a step further, says Wolkenfeld. If the product being sorted is particularly valuable, or if there's a question about product movement, sensors can even be put in the chutes themselves to confirm that the item was accurately diverted.
As systems have been pushed to continually increase rates, sortation system suppliers have worked to increase throughput without increasing machine speed, explains Intellgrated's Kraus. This makes the machine control system much more critical on sliding shoe and pop-up wheel sorting technologies, and it reduces wear, energy usage and noise while extending equipment life.


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Apple on Wednesday conceded that it sold 16% fewer iPads in the March quarter than in the same period the year before, fulfilling analysts' expectations -- in spades -- that the company's tablet sales have slowed.
Wall Street had expected significantly larger iPad numbers, but still figured Apple would record a slight downturn.
Instead, Apple did much worse than analysts anticipated: The company sold 16.4 million iPads in the quarter, down more than 3 million compared to the first three months of 2013.
CEO Tim Cook tried to downplay the downturn yesterday. "iPad sales came in at the high end of our expectations," he said (emphasis in original). He blamed the disconnect between Apple's internal estimates and those of Wall Street on the disparity between what was in the pipeline last year and this year.
"In the March quarter last year, we significantly increased iPad channel inventory, while this year we significantly reduced it," Cook said. "We ended the December quarter last year with a substantial backlog with iPad Mini that was subsequently shipped in the March quarter, whereas we ended the December quarter this year near supply-demand balance."
If those in-pipeline iPads were discounted, claimed Cook, the decline for 2014's March quarter was only 3%.
"I completely buy Tim's explanation of the gap," said Van Baker, an analyst with Gartner, in an interview Wednesday after Apple's earnings call. "But still, if you look at sell-through, it's been down and down. That's bad news for the iPad."
Cook refused to look on the dark side of things, saying he remains bullish on the iPad. "We continue to believe that the tablet market will surpass the PC market in size within the next few years, and we believe that Apple will be a major beneficiary of this trend," he said.
He also cited a string of iPad statistics to bolster his view, saying that the iPad has been Apple's fastest-selling product line ever: At 210 million tablets in four years, the company sold was twice as many iPads as it did iPhones in the latter's first 48 months, seven times what it booked in iPod sales in the same timeframe.
Carolina Milanesi, chief of research at Kantar Worldpanel ComTech, keyed on Cook's comments as she digested the iPad numbers, and like other analysts before the earnings call, argued that the rapid rise of the iPad was to blame for slower sales now.
"I think that's key to understanding [what's happening now]," said Milanesi. "The uptake was really, really sharp. Everyone thought it was going to take much longer."
The iPad's initial growth -- bolstered, Milanesi pointed out, by Apple's first-mover position and a resulting dominance early in the tablet wars -- of triple digits through 2011 and into early 2012 was clearly unsustainable.
Apple's problem, as Milanesi sees it, is what to do going forward, especially if, as most expect, the company unveils one or more larger-screen iPhones this fall.
Ben Thompson, an independent analyst whose Stratechery website has become a must-read for many in the technology industry, agreed. "Even giving Cook the benefit of the doubt (and you should, in this case), there's no question the iPad is flat lining," Thompson wrote this morning in a note to paying subscribers. "It's fair to wonder how much a larger-screen iPhone will cannibalize sales going forward."
The iPad is already eating its own, Apple's sales data hinted yesterday. The iPad's ASP (average selling price) for the March quarter climbed by $25 to $465, a 6% increase compared to the quarter that ended Dec. 31, 2013. That seemed to show a lean toward the more expensive iPad Air, and away from the cheaper iPad Mini. The latter is, analysts have said, most at risk from cannibalization by iPhones with larger screens.
But for all the doom and gloom about the iPad's future, Milanesi asserted that Apple is not the only tablet maker dealing with a slowdown. According to researcher IDC, tablet growth will slow to about 19% this year, dramatically down from 2013's 52% rate. "This is an industry issue," Milanesi said.
And Apple has the luxury of flexibility in how it moves forward with the iPad because of its industry-leading ASP, the volume of its sales -- even if that volume has shrunk -- and the profit margins it makes on those sales.
"The question now is 'What else are they going to do?'" Milanesi said.
Gregg Keizer covers Microsoft, security issues, Apple, Web browsers and general technology breaking news for Computerworld. Follow Gregg on Twitter at @gkeizer, on Google+ or subscribe to Gregg's RSS feed . His email address is firstname.lastname@example.com.
See more by Gregg Keizer on Computerworld.com.

subset: commoncrawl


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Friday, July 1, 2011
4 months.
1st Trimester is over and on to the 2nd. Luckily during my first trimester I experienced no nausea or morning sickness. I did seem to get tired fairly quickly and I actually have had a very healthy appetite with this pregnancy which is sooo completely different from my previous pregnancies. With my other two kiddos, I craved very unhealthy foods and could eat and eat. Not with this one... which I actually am kind of thankful for. :) My cravings consist of chicken and fruits... lots and lots of fruit. My energy level is finally ramping back up and I am feeling pretty darn great!
Anyway... stay tuned for the ever growing belly shots.
6 comments:
You are so tiny! You look great!ReplyDelete
Congratulations, first goalpost achieved, on to the next one. I'm glad you're feeling well. Pregnancy were the best of times for me, I felt so happy and optimistic...ReplyDelete
Best wishes for you and your family
Aw, you look so cute! I didn't even know you were expecting. CONGRATS to the whole family. I bet I know two little ones that are super excited for a new baby brother or sister. ;o)ReplyDelete
Congrats! I was wondering if you would post some belly shots for an update!ReplyDelete
Hi Angela.. Congratulations!! I am also 10 Weeks along.. My due Date is Feb 20th... Better start on some more baby quilts!ReplyDelete
Congrats Angela i miss being pregnant my little one is almost 8 months old.ReplyDelete
With my first all I wanted was fruit my second unhealthy and my last a little of both


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Charlottesville's City Council voted 3-2 Monday to deny a request to rezone a lot in the Rose Hill neighborhood out of a concern that the resulting development would be out of character with the area.
The developer, Rosanna Danna LLC, requested a zoning change on the properties in order to build a six-unit apartment complex on a site zoned for single-family housing.
Even though the change in land use did not match the Comprehensive Plan, the Planning Commission unanimously supported the zoning change because it was in line with current development policies.
"The [Comprehensive Plan] map is a general map and the policies are where we try to fall back," said Jim Tolbert, director of the Neighborhood Development Services. "The policies they looked at are that we want to promote infill development and more density in areas that are adjacent or near public transit or public facilities."
The property slated for redevelopment is near Burley Middle School, as well as public transit.
However, Councilor Kathy Galvin expressed concern that the rezoning may not be what Rose Hill neighborhood residents want. She referred to the 2006 Design Day held by Neighborhood Services that allowed Rose Hill residents to outline their priorities for their neighborhood. In those plans, residents stated that they wanted to maintain the character of single-family homes.
"I do think of the Design Day comments as something that's part of what we should be referencing" Galvin said. "I'm very much a supporter of making sure that we have density tied to well-designed transit and infrastructure, but I'm also very concerned about public process and whatever public process and documents [we have] that gives us an idea of the community's vision, [we should be] consulting that."
Rosanna Danna LLC and Tolbert's department had meetings with neighborhood residents to explain the project.
Michael Smith, neighborhood planner, noted that increasing property taxes and traffic were main concerns of Rose Hill residents, but he said that, overall, residents seemed reassured by the meetings.
"I think [the plan] was well-received," Smith said.
Councilor Dede Smith was skeptical about the validity of rezoning the property in accordance with infill policies named in the Comprehensive Plan.
"This is what scares me about the term 'infill development.' We've got a residential neighborhood and you put a completely incongruous building in and call it infill," she said. "I think the assumption should be that you don't rezone unless you have a compelling reason, and I just don't see [that]."
Michael Smith pointed out to the councilors that, although their reasoning against the rezoning was valid, it would be unusual for the Planning Commission recommendation to be overturned.
"I think circumstances need to be pretty extreme for council to overturn a unanimous recommendation [from the Planning Commission]," he said.
Not all councilors were opposed to the rezoning.
"It fulfills more things than it doesn't, in terms of our Comprehensive Plan," Councilor Kristin Szakos said. "I would be inclined to go with their recommendation."
However, the rezoning was not approved and the developer expressed concern that the alternatives for the Rose Hill properties may be more harmful to the neighborhood than the proposed apartment complex.
"If we don't build an apartment building, we will build two single-family homes for rent," said Mark Green of Rosanna Danna. "[Those homes] would maybe affect property taxes more directly because those are comparable to the other single-family houses in the neighborhood."


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Crunchy, salty, sweet, earthy and so incredibly satisfying is how to describe this sandwich. Last weekend I made fig jam and was thinking of creative ways to use it. While driving home from work, my creative thoughts were spinning in my head and this sandwich popped up. I thought it would be simple yet full of flavor. It actually exceeded my expectations. I could have certainly eaten more than one, but refrained. My husband did eat two and couldn't believe how tasty they were. We actually had those two nights in a row for dinner.
Black Forest Ham, Cheese and Fig Jam Sandwich
Ciabatta Bread
Black Forest Ham, Deli sliced
Jarlsburg Cheese, Deli sliced
Fig Jam
Slice ciabatta bread about ¾ inches thick. Spread about 2 teaspoons of fig jam onto the slice. Add three slices of the ham and top with a half of a slice of jarlsburg cheese. Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Lay the sandwiches onto a cookie baking sheet and cook for 10 minutes.


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Have you ever considered the importance of proper color in branding your food truck business? Coke is known for the color red. UPS is brown. IBM is blue. These corporations understand the proper use of color is vital to creating a positive image among consumers. Furthermore, color plays a huge role in memory recall. It stimulates all the senses, instantly conveying a message like no other communication method.
Choosing the right dominant color for your food truck brand is crucial. This color should appear on all your promotional materials, including your logo and product packaging. As much as possible, the color you choose should set you apart, work with your concept, and tie into your food truck brand message. It should also take into account color psychology, which is fairly complex. Colors can mean different things depending on the culture, situation and industry. However, in U.S. advertising at least, studies suggest some universal meanings.
Selecting The Proper Color For Your Food Truck Branding
Primary Colors
Blue: Is blue the proper color for your truck? Cool blue is generally perceived as trustworthy, dependable, fiscally responsible and secure. Strongly associated with the sky and sea, blue is serene and universally well-liked. Blue is an especially popular color with financial institutions, as its message of stability inspires trust.
Red: Red activates your pituitary gland, increasing your heart rate and causing you to breathe more rapidly. This visceral response makes red aggressive, energetic, provocative and attention-grabbing. Count on red to evoke a passionate response, albeit not always a favorable one. For example, red can represent danger or indebtedness.
Yellow: In every society, yellow is associated with the sun. Thus, it communicates optimism, positivism, light and warmth. Certain shades seem to motivate and stimulate creative thought and energy. The eye sees bright yellows before any other color, making them great for point-of-purchase displays.
Other Colors
Green: In general, green connotes health, freshness and serenity. However, green's meaning varies with its many shades. Deeper greens are associated with wealth or prestige, while light greens are calming.
Purple: Purple is a color favored by creative types. With its blend of passionate red and tranquil blue, it evokes mystery, sophistication, spirituality and royalty. Lavender evokes nostalgia and sentimentality.
Pink: Is pink the proper color for your food truck? Pink's message varies by intensity. Hot pinks convey energy, youthfulness, fun and excitement and are recommended for less expensive or trendy products for women or girls. Dusty pinks appear sentimental. Lighter pinks are more romantic.
Orange: Cheerful orange evokes exuberance, fun and vitality. With the drama of red plus the cheer of yellow, orange is viewed as gregarious and often childlike. Research indicates its lighter shades appeal to an upscale market. Peach tones work well with health care, restaurants and beauty salons.
Brown: This earthy color conveys simplicity, durability and stability. However, brown can elicit a negative response from consumers who relate to it as dirty. Certain shades of brown, like terracotta, can convey an upscale look. From a functional perspective, brown tends to hide dirt, making it a logical choice for some trucking and industrial companies.
Black: Black is serious, bold, powerful and classic. It creates drama and connotes sophistication. Black works well for expensive products, but can also make a product look heavy.
White: White suggests simplicity, cleanliness and purity. The human eye views white as a brilliant color, so it immediately catches the eye in signage. White is often used with infant and health-related products.
RELATED: Food Truck Wraps: Eye-Catching Advertising to Set Your Truck Apart
The Bottom Line
All the colors above can be categorized into two basic categories: warm and cold. In general, warm colors, like red and yellow, send an outgoing, energetic message, while cool colors, like blue, are calmer and more reserved. However, brightening a cool color increases its vibrancy and reduces its reserve.
We hope this article helps those of you in the process of branding your new food truck business to make sure that the proper color of your truck says what you want it to say to your prospective customers. To discuss this topic further add you comment section or on social media. Facebook | Twitter


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Maybe William Gay was on to something.
Maybe the guy who tied for the team lead in interceptions last season with Ike Taylor and Troy Polamalu, who tied for second on the team in passes defensed with Polamalu, who played a lot of cornerback for a team that won a lot of games, saw the handwriting on the wall. Granted, William Gay never was a threat to make the Pro Bowl and his lot with the Steelers always was going to be as a contributor and not a star. But still, he was not a disposal part.
That's why it was eye-opening when Gay left the Steelers as an unrestricted free agent for an Arizona Cardinals team that definitely did not break the bank to sign him.
As the Steelers head into their third week of OTAs, Gay's rationale behind his career move is coming into focus. Based on what has been happening on the field during the six OTAs to date, Gay was looking at an immediate future with the Steelers where if he were not disposable then he certainly was looking replaceable.
There are many interesting story lines that will accompany the Steelers to Saint Vincent College when they open training camp there sometime in late July, and at the top of any list of those is the promise shown by the team's trio of up-and-coming cornerbacks – Keenan Lewis, Curtis Brown and Cortez Allen.
The trio was listed in the previous sentence in the order by which they came to the Steelers, with Lewis, a fourth-year pro, being the senior member, and with Brown and Allen coming in the third and fourth rounds, respectively, of the 2011 NFL Draft. They are still listed by seniority, because as of right now there is no definitive way to list them based on their status for the upcoming 2012 season. Right now, all three cornerbacks still are in the mix for everything, including the starting spot opposite Ike Taylor.
"In the secondary, we are in good shape but our young corners are going to have to step in there and fill the void of Will Gay," said defensive coordinator Dick LeBeau. "Will also played nickel, so there will probably be a couple of players vying to fill the role of the two jobs Will Gay did for us."
Nothing will be won or lost in this competition until the pads go on at training camp, but don't take that to mean the work already hasn't begun in earnest. Two weeks into OTAs, Brown seems to be around the football an awful lot during 7-on-7 and team drills; Lewis has been staying late regularly to work on his craft; and Allen continues to look and act like an NFL cornerback.
"Curtis Brown excelled on special teams (as a rookie)," said LeBeau. "He showed a willingness to compete, get to the ball and I'm sure that his tackles were up near the top. He stood out every week. He has great speed and quickness.
"Allen played more from scrimmage for us (in 2011) and also did a good job on special teams. I like his length. He's a nice, tall, well-coordinated athlete who to my observation at least to this point has the demeanor you are looking for in a defensive corner. Corners have to have a very short memory. It isn't all going to be good for them. This young man can handle adversity, has faced adversity, and has had some good plays and some plays we're working on to get better. In the final analysis, he did a heck of a job in our victory against New England. He took their wonderful tight end (Rob Gronkowski) and neutralized him. (Gronkowski) couldn't get away from Allen. Allen also played very well in both Cincinnati games when they were putting the extra wide receiver out there with speed all over the field. He matched their speed and gave us a capable defensive plan."
Allen's rookie training camp was marred by some nagging injuries that had him miss the first three preseason games, but with a roster spot on the line in the preseason finale, he contributed two tackles and three passes defensed. Brown put on a similar strong finishing kick to his bid for a roster spot with four tackles, two passes defensed and a special teams tackle in the same preseason finale.
Allen and Brown forever will be linked because they were in the same draft class; Lewis, in turn, often is linked with Mike Wallace because they became friends while growing up in the same New Orleans neighborhood and then came to the Steelers as a pair of third-round picks in 2009.
"Keenan was pretty much our third or fourth cornerback all through (2011)," said LeBeau. "He played in all of the third-down situations, he played quite a bit of scrimmage football. We statistically led the National Football League in passing yardage yielded, percentages completed – there were a lot of pluses in the pass defense side of our defensive statistics. Had we not had four or five corners who could step in there and deliver on Sunday for us, we couldn't have accumulated those statistics. Keenan has already proven he can do the job.
"We think the horizon is an upward thing for several of these men, and Keenan is one of those guys. I like his size. He has good length, tremendous speed, has competed at a top level all through his career. I think the future is bright for Keenan Lewis."
William Gay likely saw the same thing, and that's why he left for Arizona.


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Constantine P. Cavafy
Our editors will review what you've submitted and determine whether to revise the article.
- Born:
- April 29, 1863 Alexandria Egypt
- Died:
- April 29, 1933 (aged 70) Alexandria Egypt
Constantine P. Cavafy, English in full Constantine Petrou Cavafy, pseudonym of Konstantínos Pétrou Kaváfis, (born April 29, 1863, Alexandria, Egypt—died April 29, 1933, Alexandria), Greek poet who developed his own consciously individual style and thus became one of the most important figures not only in Greek poetry but in Western poetry as well. He lived most of his life in Alexandria, Egypt, loved English and French literature, and generally spoke English; even his Greek had a British accent.
Cavafy's parents were both from the Greek community in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey). His father, a merchant in the import-export business, worked in Constantinople and England, establishing a firm with his brother George, The family eventually settled in Alexandria, where Constantine was born. Cavafy's father died suddenly in 1870, and two years later Cavafy's mother moved with her sons to England. The branch offices that had been established in Liverpool and London declined and failed, and after some seven years most of the family returned to Alexandria. They were once again uprooted in 1882, when the British bombarded the city and then occupied it.
The years Cavafy spent in England during his youth were instrumental in the formation of his cosmopolitan character. He wrote much but was his own harshest critic, publishing only about 200 poems. His most important poetry was written after his 40th year, and with some justification he called himself a "poet of old age." A skeptic, he denied or ridiculed traditional values of Christianity, patriotism, and heterosexuality, though he was ill at ease with his own nonconformity. His language is a mixture of the refined and stilted Greek called Katharevusa, inherited from the Byzantines, and the Demotic, or spoken, tongue. His style and tone are intimate and realistic. The lyric treatment he gave to familiar historical themes made him popular and influential after his death.
He became known to English readers from the many references to his work in Lawrence Durrell's The Alexandria Quartet. Cavafy's poems were first published without date before World War II and reprinted in 1949. English translations of his work are numerous and include The Poems of C.P. Cavafy (1951), The Complete Poems of Cavafy (1961, expanded ed. 1976), and The Collected Poems of C.P. Cavafy (2006). Collected Poems (2009) and The Unfinished Poems (2009), both translated by Daniel Mendelsohn, are together a definitive collection in English of Cavafy's published and unpublished works.


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Andaman islanders 'made to dance' for tourists on 'human safari'
Police involvement and tourist boycott and tour company ends human safaris, the source Andamanchronicle
Written by Gethin Chamberlain, guardian.co.uk
Andaman Islands tribe threatened by lure of mass tourism
Jarawa people at risk from disease, predatory sex and exploitation as tourist convoys crowd the road through their jungle
"Dance," the policeman instructed. The girls in front of him, naked from the waist up, obeyed. A tourist's camera panned round to another young woman, also naked and awkwardly holding a bag of grain in front of her. "Dance for me," the policeman commanded.
The young woman giggled, looked shy and hopped from foot to foot. The camera swung back to the others who clapped, swayed and jumped.
This kind of video is the trophy tourists dream of when they set off into the jungles of the Andaman Islands "on safari". The beauty of the forest functions merely as a backdrop. The goal of the trip is to seek out the Jarawa, a reclusive tribe only recently contacted, which is taking the first tentative steps towards a relationship with the outside world.
The Jarawa tribe is 403-strong. Its members are trusting, innocent and hugely vulnerable to exploitation, living in a jungle reserve on South Andaman. The islands are a spectacular magnet for tourists, set in the Bay of Bengal and belonging to India.
The role of the police is to protect tribespeople from unwelcome and intrusive outsiders. But on this occasion the officer had accepted a £200 bribe to get the girls to perform. "I gave you food," he reminded them at the start of the video.
Every day hundreds of tourist cars line up on the Andaman Trunk Road, which winds through the reserve. Signs at the entrance warn them of the rules; no pictures, no contact, nothing to disturb the tribe members. Most are already struggling to come to grips with the diseases of the outside world which have beset them since they started to make forays out of the jungle 14 years ago.
But, on the day the Observer visited, when the gates opened the cameras immediately started clicking. Tourists threw bananas and biscuits to the tribespeople at the roadside, as they would to animals in a safari park.
At the Vyas Brothers shop in Port Blair, capital of the Andamans, various Jarawa items were on sale: handicrafts and some small wooden figurines. Rajesh Vyas stood behind the counter. He was happy to lay out the price of a day out with the Jarawa: up to 15,000 rupees (£185) to buy off the police, another 10,000-15,000 rupees on top of that for a car, a driver, gifts for the Jarawa, and biscuits and snacks. Contact is guaranteed, he promised.
It gets light early in the Andamans. By 5.30am a line of about 130 cars and 25 buses stretched back from the entrance to the 1,021 sq km reserve. Vyas had found a driver, Guddu, prepared to carry a passenger who wanted to photograph the Jarawa, regardless of the illegality.
As a slight drizzle fell, the convoy was already quite strung out, the cars a good 50 metres apart. "If you not get picture, I give you. I have video too," says Guddu.
The car plunged on through the towering jungle. Suddenly Guddu put his foot on the brake: "Take photograph. Take, take, take." Ahead of the car, two Jarawa women had stepped out of the forest. One stood in front, the other moved round to the rear passenger window. No police and no security were in evidence. One of the women leaned through the window, arm outstretched. Guddu immediately accelerated away and the women were gone. What had she wanted? Food, said Guddu, or money. Maybe the camera.
The vehicle finally reached the jetty for Baratang, the end of the road. An hour later another convoy headed back. More Jarawa, large groups, men, women and children, were standing and sitting by the roadside. These tribespeople were guarded by police, who waved the vehicles on, but it is clear they were there because they know the convoys will come. They are not merely being protected from the tourists; they are being protected from themselves.
Denis Giles is the campaigning editor of the islands' Andaman Chronicle newspaper. He told the Observer it was principally the young who had come out of the jungle, fascinated by outsiders and what they have to offer. As they grow older, they lose interest, realising that the outside world is not for them.
"I believe that one fine day the Jarawa will have to come out and mix. They can't stay in the forest for ever. They are aware that there is a world outside the forest. But it should not be a cultural shock to them; they should choose the pace at which they do it," he says.
Instead, the tribe is being thrust into ever closer proximity to the tourists and other islanders. They believe the police are protecting them, Giles says, but the reality is that the police are using them. He says the police have taught the Jarawa to beg; the police take the money they collect and in return give them tobacco, which they never previously used, and food. The possibility of abuse is obvious, and Giles says there have been cases where Jarawa women have given birth to children fathered by outsiders. The babies are not accepted by the tribe and are killed, he says.
In an attempt to reduce contact, the authorities have cut the number of convoys to eight a day, but they will not close the road completely – as the supreme court ordered in 2002 – because they say too many people rely on it. Instead they are playing for time, apparently uncertain what to do next: shut the Jarawa off from the world for their own good, or allow those who want to make contact to do so?
"They are humans and they are a race which is looking at us and they are at a crossroads and we are not sure what is on their minds," says Ajai Saxena, secretary of the Andaman Adim Janjati Vikas Samiti, the island administration's tribal welfare office.
Anthropologists think the Jarawa are descendants of some of the first humans to move out of Africa. Theirs is a simple life. Men hunt pigs and turtles with bows and arrows; women gather fruit and honey. They have no gods and when people die they are left under a tree until only the skeleton remains. Then the tribe tie the bones to their bodies to bring luck during the hunt.
It was only in 1998 that they started to venture out of the jungle in any numbers. Two years earlier a young member of the tribe, Enmai, had broken his leg while raiding a settlement on the edge of the reserve. He was taken to hospital and treated; on his return, he spoke enthusiastically of the outside world. It was enough to convince some in the tribe to drop their traditional hostility towards outsiders. Some began to regard the road as a new place to forage, somewhere they could easily pick up treats.
But that is not all they were picking up. Like many previously uncontacted tribes, the Jarawa are vulnerable to unfamiliar diseases. They started succumbing to measles and mumps and even malaria, to which they previously appeared to have some sort of immunity. Some have also adopted the vices of the outsiders: tobacco, alcohol and betel nuts (a mild stimulant).
Those responsible for the tribe's welfare think the only solution is to keep them apart from outsiders for as long as possible. "Forced coexistence would be total genocide for them," says Dr Anstice Justin, head of the Anthropological Survey of India in Port Blair. He points to the case of Enmai, who became something of a minor celebrity before his interest waned and he stopped coming out of the jungle. Most of the Jarawa feel that way, Justin says. "The inner core feeling is not to have interaction with outsiders."
In 2007 the government established a buffer zone around the reserve, hoping to protect the tribe from further interaction with the outside world, in particular a luxury resort being constructed on the very edge of the reserve by the Barefoot India tour company. The company hired lawyers to fight the zone and the case is currently with India's supreme court: in the meantime the resort stands abandoned in a clearing near the shore of Constance Bay, on the west coast of the island. But the safaris go on, four each way, day in, day out, and the police admit they are powerless to prevent some contact between the tribe and the tourists.
"It is not a foolproof arrangement, but we are making the effort," says SB Tyagi, superintendent of police for South Andaman. "People have to understand that if there is a policy of non-interaction there has to be a list of rules. But still some of the drivers and tourists slow down."
He admits some officers are breaking the rules. "The moment we come across any misdemeanour on the part of our police officers they are dealt with swiftly," he says. "The tour operators and police are local, so there may be situations where they look the other way. There may be incidents where our officers are negligent, and we have taken action."
He cites an incident in which an officer was censured for allowing two bus drivers to take Jarawa girls into the jungle. "Who knows why they wanted to?" he says. "Some people will have the urge to look at Jarawa women as sexual objects. Humans will be humans. One can only try to educate them."
That particular policeman's punishment was to have his future promotion delayed by six months.
The human rights group Survival International, which has been campaigning for the Jarawa for nearly 20 years, believes the current situation is precarious.
"The Jarawa could easily be decimated or reduced to a state of dependency, as has happened to so many other tribes worldwide," says spokeswoman Sophie Grig. Survival argues that closing the road would at least allow the tribe to decide whether it has contact.
Not everyone agrees; the local MP has argued strongly that trying to keep the Jarawa apart is futile. But what everyone wants to avoid is the Jarawa going the way of the Great Andamanese, who once lived around Port Blair. From 10,000 in the late 18th century, their numbers have now fallen to about 50 and the tribe is drifting out of history.
"They lost the will to live," says Denis Giles. "The government gave them all facilities, it gave them jobs, but they started drinking and begging. They lost their self-respect and their language and their culture. It is easy for politicians to say integrate, but it is not simple to put it into practice."
Written by Gethin Chamberlain, guardian.co.uk


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The Banner of the Lord
I deeply appreciate the opportunity tonight to address the young men of the Aaronic Priesthood and their leaders. I have a sincere desire to cause each one to enlarge his vision of what the Aaronic Priesthood means and what a great blessing it is to be entrusted with its power. I think it is very important to recognize that the Lord has entrusted each individual with the responsibility associated with the Aaronic Priesthood. In other words, when I speak of the Aaronic Priesthood, I speak of it as it affects each individual, not just as a large number of boys or men. When one receives the Aaronic Priesthood, he receives it as a personal, private ordination, not just as one of many. Therefore, I hope you will feel that what I have to say tonight should be taken as a personal message—to the deacon in the upper row of the balcony here in the Salt Lake Tabernacle, to the teacher watching the satellite transmission in New Jersey, and to the young priest hearing the broadcast in France or Samoa or Brazil—to each individual young man.
This summer we all witnessed one of the most wonderful and inspiring exhibitions of youthful accomplishments among athletes that can be imagined. People all over the world were lifted to new heights of faith in mankind through the performance of the men and women at the summer Olympic games in Los Angeles. Their self-confidence and commitment to excel were infectious. I, for one, have unrestrained admiration for all of them, not only those who received medals, but all of the participants; and, of course, the thousands of volunteers who made that great event possible deserve to be recognized as well.
I would like to draw some parallels between the experiences of these young people and the experiences, which are far greater and longer lasting, that most of you will have in your life's contest. I specifically speak to the deacon, teacher, and priest who have had conferred upon them the power and the authority of the Aaronic Priesthood.
Each participant in the Olympics needed to train thoroughly to even qualify to participate. It took many, many hours of practicing, of developing self-discipline, of developing further commitment to achieve the goal. It required sacrifice, and it required a feeling of self-confidence. You as an Aaronic Priesthood holder have qualified to receive that priesthood. Had you not qualified, it would not have been given to you, and you would not be authorized to participate and exercise its power and authority.
You did not have to spend the hours the athletes had to spend to condition and perfect your physical body, but you had to do something more important than that. It was necessary for you to prepare your spirit to receive the blessings of this great honor. Now that you have been accepted, if you expect to succeed, it is essential that you do those things that will bring about success. When you do succeed, which requires not just months but a lifetime of living and proving yourself, you may not receive the applause of men. You will not be performing before large audiences of enthusiastic supporters, but you will have performed many of the necessary labors in private and without expectation of recognition. And that, of course, requires greater self-discipline than just about any other human endeavor.
In striving to do their best, these young athletes often looked for inspiration and motivation to those who had performed in prior games, establishing Olympic records. They worked to perfect their talents in order to equal or better those records. You as an Aaronic Priesthood holder have available many examples of those who have honored their priesthood: John the Baptist, Joseph Smith, your own father, and your bishop. You need only strive to be and do your best to follow these examples.
Most of the participants in the Olympic games recognized that in athletics, as well as in life, the real competition is with self, not against others. I watched a television interview one day where this was made very clear. The fourteen-year-old figure skating champion of Canada was asked how she felt when she performed to her very best and won. She responded, "Wonderful."
"How do you feel when you perform your very best—and lose?"
"How do you feel when you don't perform your very best and win?"
As an Aaronic Priesthood holder, your contest is with yourself as you honor your priesthood.
The priesthood you hold was restored to the earth on 15 May 1829, by a heavenly messenger, John the Baptist—the same John who with the authority of the Aaronic Priesthood baptized Jesus of Nazareth in the River Jordan and later, as a resurrected being, laid his hands on Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery and said:
"Upon you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah I confer the Priesthood of Aaron, which holds the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism by immersion for the remission of sins; and this shall never be taken again from the earth, until the sons of Levi do offer again an offering unto the Lord in righteousness." (D&C 13.)
John the Baptist said he came at the direction of Peter, James, and John. The ordination was performed before the Church was organized again upon the earth.
The Aaronic Priesthood is a preparatory priesthood. It is an appendage to the Melchizedek Priesthood and has to do largely with outward ordinances and temporal responsibilities. However, in the ordination, John the Baptist said that it "holds the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism by immersion for the remission of sins." These are essential for admittance into the Church of Jesus Christ and to achieve the goal of exaltation in the kingdom of God.
I feel sometimes we consider the preparation and handling of the sacrament and the collecting of fast offerings and so forth as almost the sum and substance of the Aaronic Priesthood responsibility. This is not true. These activities, of course, are very important, but there is so much more. As a preparatory priesthood it is preparing you ultimately, of course, for eternal life and exaltation. The Lord said, "This is my work and my glory—to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man." (Moses 1:39.) And further He has told us that eternal life—exaltation—is the greatest gift of God to man.
As a holder of the priesthood you are a servant of our Heavenly Father. If you are to honor the priesthood, you must truly be a servant and serve your fellowmen. If you make this service a part of your life, you won't have to continually make decisions about what is right and what is wrong. It will become second nature to your way of living because through service you will be drawing closer to your Heavenly Father.
I am very much aware that you and some of your peers are living that way now. For instance, a fifteen-year-old Korean boy took his weekly allowance and bought newspapers with it. Then he and some friends sold these on the streets of Seoul, Korea, to raise money to help a fellow student who did not have sufficient funds to stay in school. This young man also gave part of his lunch to this boy each day so that he would not go hungry. Why did he do these things? Because he had been studying the story of the Good Samaritan and didn't just want to learn about the Good Samaritan but wanted to know what it felt like to be one by doing what a Good Samaritan would do. (See Luke 10:25–37.) He related these things to his father only after careful questioning by his father about his activities. He had done them without any thought of recognition.
I doubt very much that the bishop of this young man would have to worry about how he looked when he came to participate at the sacrament table or whether his heart and hands were clean and pure. I don't think his father would have to worry about whether or not he was honest in his relationships with others, or whether or not he cheated at school.
Another father told me of an experience he had with his son who was a priest. This man needed some help around the house with cleaning and repainting and so forth. Pleasantly and cooperatively, this young man went ahead and accomplished much of the work. He is preparing himself for trust and responsibility by honoring his parents and willingly accepting chores at home. He is beginning to put on the whole armor of God, which will assure peace and happiness in this life and in the life to come. He is developing the strength and self- discipline needed to obey all of the commandments.
In another instance, some of the young men and women in one ward found themselves wavering in their testimonies and uncomfortable with Church activity. One day they decided, under the guidance of a very wise bishop, to involve themselves actively with several of the elderly members of the ward who were homebound. They divided into small groups, with each group determined to develop a family-like relationship with one of the homebound members. On a regular basis the young women and young men prepared meals that they and their elderly friends enjoyed together in the homes of the elderly members. Each Sunday the young men took the sacrament into the homes. On occasion, they arranged to hold special family home evenings together. These activities caused a remarkable change in the attitude of the young people toward themselves, toward the elderly, and toward the Church. They found a way to express the gospel of Christ through giving loving service.
I don't think any of us will ever forget the sight of hundreds of young athletes marching proudly behind the flags and banners of their respective countries, thrilled to have been chosen to represent their nation at the Olympic games. You, my brother of the Aaronic Priesthood, seated in the balcony here, at a stake center in New Jersey, or in a chapel in France, Samoa, or Brazil, you are a chosen representative of God, having received the authority to act in His name, as has every worthy young man who holds the priesthood. The banner you carry every day may not be seen by millions of people, but it is seen by Him whose banner it is and by those who know who you are, both members of the Church and nonmembers. It is the banner of the Lord, displaying what you really are deep down inside as you show your love of God by keeping His commandments and by serving your fellowmen.
It is my firm prayer that each of you bishops and quorum advisers of these young men will aid in their understanding what it means to hold the holy priesthood and to put on the whole armor of God, in the name of Jesus Christ, amen.


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LOS ANGELES — Lindsay Lohan emerged uninjured from a collision with a dump truck on a coastal highway near Los Angeles on Friday, returning to the set of her new movie hours after the accident left the sports car she was driving crumpled.
Santa Monica Police Sgt. Richard Lewis said there was no sign Lohan was driving while impaired and that his agency would continue to investigate who was at fault in the wreck. The truck's driver was uninjured and that driver also showed no signs of driving under the influence, Lewis said.
"We're treating this as a regular accident," Lewis said.
The accident at around 11:40 a.m. Friday on the Pacific Coast Highway occurred while Lohan was on her way to film scenes for the Lifetime movie "Liz and Dick," which chronicles the love affair between Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. Lohan's publicist Steve Honig said the actress was released about two hours after the accident and was returned to the set to continue filming.
"Fortunately, no one was seriously injured in the accident," he wrote in an email.
Lohan was driving with her assistant, who police said was not seriously injured.
"First and foremost, we're concerned about the well-being of Lindsay and anyone else who may have been involved in the accident," Lifetime spokesman Les Eisner said, adding, "Lindsay has been doing fantastic work on the set of `Liz and Dick.'"
Production on the film started earlier this week and was expected to conclude around the end of June.
Lohan, 25, remains on probation in a necklace theft case, but is no longer being supervised by a judge or probation officer.
The accident is the latest vehicular mishap for Lohan, who had her driver's license restored in August 2010 after losing her driving privileges because of a pair of DUI arrests in 2008. She is still being sued by three men who claim Lohan forced them to remain in a sport utility vehicle she commandeered and used to chase a woman she thought was her assistant on Pacific Coast Highway. That incident ended in the parking lot of the Santa Monica Police Department, where Lohan was arrested.
Friday's accident comes after the Los Angeles District Attorney's Office last month determined there was insufficient evidence to pursue a case against Lohan in a nightclub manager's claim that the actress struck him with her sports car.
The prosecution said there was a lack of evidence in the case.
Click over to TMZ for photos of Lohan's totaled vehicle.
Clarification: The headline for this story has been edited to reflect that while Lohan originally went to the hospital, she was not admitted and her injuries were not serious. The Associated Press has reported that the other vehicle was a "dump truck," and other sources that it was an "18-wheeler"; the headline has also been edited in light of those inconsistencies.


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Book Selection Policy
How books, DVD's, magazines, and online resources are chosen and purchased by the library system. Book Selection policy (PDF 106KB, 14 pages)
Borrowing Periods
How long you can borrow books and how often they can be renewed from the library system. Borrowing Periods policy (PDF 40KB, 2 pages)
Borrowing Problems
Information about overdue fines; lost or damaged materials. Borrowing problems policies (PDF 29KB, 3 pages)
Child Abuse Affirmative Action
How Cumberland County Library System staff members respond to suspected child abuse. Child Abuse Affirmative Action policy (PDF 36KB, 4 pages)
Computer and Internet Services
Who can use computers (including children's use), Internet filtering information, and prohibited uses. Computer and Internet Services policy (PDF 80KB, 3 pages)
Confidentiality of Library Customer Records
Customer privacy and confidentiality rights when using the Cumberland County Library System. Confidentiality of Library Customer Records policy (PDF 11KB, 2 pages)
Copyright and Fair Use
How the Cumberland County Library System complies with copyright and fair use laws. Copyright and Fair Use policy (PDF 134KB, 12 pages)
Customer Behavior
How you create a quiet, safe and supportive environment for everyone engaged in library activities. Customer Behavior policy (PDF 36KB, 2 pages)
Customer Service
How staff work to provide accurate, efficient and friendly service to customers. Customer Service policy (PDF 36KB, 1 page)
Employee Criminal Background Checks
Requirements for all library system staff to have criminal and child abuse background checks. Employee Criminal Background Checks policy (PDF 69KB, 3 pages)
Library Cards
Who and how you can get a Cumberland County Library System card. Library Cards policy (PDF 70KB, 3 pages)
Library Volunteers
How library system volunteers are recruited and what is required of them. Library Volunteers policy (PDF 273KB, 5 pages)
Photographs and Videos at the Library
How you, staff or others may take photos, videos or other recordings at the library. Photographs and Videos at the Library policy (PDF 46KB, 3 pages)
Placing a Request for Items
How you may place a request for items either owned or not owned by the library. Placing a Request for Items policy (PDF 35KB, 2 pages)
STAR (Service to Adult Readers)
How you may request free home delivery of materials if you are unable to visit the library due to age, illness or disability. STAR (Service to Adult Readers) policy (PDF 397KB, 3 pages)
Web Site and Social Networking
Purpose of the library system web sites and how site links are selected. Web Site and Social Networking policy (PDF, 60KB, 3 pages)


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Hello i have tried to install Nvidia drivers for my GPU from the Hardware Additional Drivers section. i tried all that was on the list. when i reboot to make the driver active, computer logs in and then it goes really slow. sometimes it would freeze. then unfreeze so i can move my mouse. i click then have to wait a minute to get a reaction.
any help yall? thanks
quality standards are killing me here.


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March 14 was shaping up to be another day of protests and partying at Fort Peace, Occupy Miami's grungy Overtown safe house. More than a dozen members had shaken off their hangovers and emerged to demonstrate against a bank. But before they could gather their handmade signs and head downtown, the place was suddenly overrun with cops.
Two armored vehicles and a dozen police cars squealed up to the front gate. Cops in SWAT gear gripping assault rifles poured out. One wore a bulletproof vest over civilian clothes. He pointed a pistol in the protesters' faces and shouted, "Everybody on the ground!"
Police swarmed the three-story building, ordering occupiers and tenants alike into the courtyard. They zip-cuffed several protesters, including a tall, tattooed 27-year-old named Jared Chase. Then they demanded to know if they had any weapons. There were none.
Two weeks ago, cops again detained Chase on the eve of a major NATO summit in Chicago. This time, however, they're not letting him go. They claim that Chase and an Occupy Fort Lauderdale member named Brian Church made Molotov cocktails for firebombing police stations, banks, and political targets. And they argue that a third man, a dreadlocked Occupy Miami member named Brent Betterly, helped prepare the homemade explosives.
Prosecutors have labeled the young men domestic terrorists. If convicted, they each face up to 85 years in jail. Yet Miamians who know the trio — dubbed the NATO 3 — say they are peaceful activists set up by authorities.
The truth is, though, they were wannabe revolutionaries with big mouths. The Overtown building where they lived for three months is a chaotic, alcohol-infused crash pad for idealistic dropouts and the homeless. No one there likes the cops, but Occupiers spend lazy days boasting about protests and arrest records, not plotting acts of terror.
"We all have our fairy-tale ideas of how revolution is going to go, but people talking shit doesn't mean that they are actually going to go do anything malicious," says Chris Escobar, an Occupy Miami member and Chase and Betterly's friend. "The evidence against them speaks for itself. It's bullshit."
The arrest of the NATO 3 has made headlines nationwide. But lost among the hype is the role Miami played in the protesters' path to Chicago.
Like the Occupy movement as a whole, Fort Peace was born of good intentions but little planning. Last October, Occupy Miami began a 14-week stay at downtown's Stephen P. Clark Government Center. On January 31, when Miami-Dade police finally shut down the tent city, Overtown landlord Rodrigo Duque volunteered his 52-unit housing complex. He tore the doors off empty apartments and dubbed the building "Peace City," baffling rent-paying tenants.
But the 30 or so Occupy Miamians who immediately moved in named the place "Fort Peace." Said one protester: "It would take thousands of cops to get us out of here."
Jared Chase would have been one of Fort Peace's earliest arrivals had he not been locked up. The night of the eviction from Government Center, Chase and other protesters had driven around the camp in a red pickup truck while egging on the crowd. When cops spotted the vehicle nearby, they found Chase and three others sitting in back with a baseball bat, bolt cutters, and a sledgehammer. Police arrested them for loitering but quickly dropped the charges.
It wasn't Chase's first night in jail. The tall, quiet, aspiring rapper first got into trouble as a teenager in his hometown of Keene, New Hampshire. In June 2003, the then-18-year-old was charged with felony reckless conduct after slamming his car into a pedestrian. The accident smashed his windshield, according to the Keene Sentinel. Nine days later, he showed up at a supermarket with a knife and threatened a woman who had witnessed the crash. He didn't follow through.
Chase spent six months in jail for the incident. During the next two years, he violated probation three times for cocaine use, consorting with criminals, and missing curfew, according to the Keene Sentinel. He later moved to Boston, where he worked as a cook at a P.F. Chang's. Then, on October 13, he posted on Facebook that he was headed to an Occupy Boston event.
Soon he migrated to Rhode Island and then down to Washington, D.C. At a demonstration outside the White House on December 19, Chase met Brent Betterly, a 24-year-old from Oakland Park with bright-blond dreadlocks and goatee. The two locked arms with other demonstrators and protested the indefinite military detention of Americans suspected of terrorist activities. "Got arrested at the white house demonstration last nite lol," Chase wrote on his Facebook page. "Any man who would trade even a litle [sic] liberty, for security, deserve neither," he added, paraphrasing Thomas Jefferson.
A few weeks later, Chase and Betterly drove to Miami to join the hundred or so activists camped out at Government Center. After Duque founded Fort Peace, the two occupiers stayed at the crumbling apartment complex for days on end, drinking beer, smoking, and listening to loud music late into the night before crashing on bare mattresses or the graffitied floor.
Betterly, with his good looks and dreadlocks, was a hippie who attended rainbow gatherings. But he also had a criminal record before he joined the Fort Lauderdale Occupy movement. On September 27, he and two friends broke into an Oakland Park high school after a night of swigging tequila. They swam in the pool and played with fire extinguishers, sending one canister into a bus and another through the window of the cafeteria. On October 13, Betterly was charged with burglary. No decision has been rendered yet.
His younger brother Drew was arrested in 2010 and charged with murdering a man during a drug deal. Brent was supportive of his brother, attorney Andrew Coffey told the Chicago Sun-Times. "I know he had a tough upbringing," he said of Brent. "He's pretty much a good kid... a free-spirited kid."
Fellow occupiers at Fort Peace say Betterly was known for his creativity and commitment to fighting foreclosures. When cops would stop protesters, he would improvise rhyming chants for the occasion ("NDAA, go away!" was a favorite), says Arianna Uguccioni. And when police gave protesters a deadline to leave their Occupy Fort Lauderdale camp, Betterly urged them to peacefully resist.
Chase was the most enigmatic of the three, according to his friend Escobar. The chain-smoker was a computer whiz who once fixed Escobar's laptop with barely any tools. He also spent days wandering around downtown and talking to homeless people. And he rarely spoke of his past. One day Escobar heard Chase listening to a rap album and asked what it was. Chase quietly admitted it was his own record. "It was pretty damn good," Escobar remembers. "But it didn't even sound like him." Nor did the peaceful activist much resemble his online persona as a troubled, drug-addicted former gang member turned DJ.
"Learn[ed] to survive in the city," Chase wrote in a bio on the music-sharing website SoundClick. "And [I] did, first through drugz, then selling drugz, then gangs, [I] was a full fledged criminal. Most people called [me] a psycho. But [I'm] only as sick as this world made [me]." In one online conversation, Chase told a rapper: "I hope you got kids or a wife so I can cut there [sic] throat while they sleeping, and then rape them after there [sic] dead." He posted copies of his New Hampshire arrests online for others to see.
When Escobar first met Chase, he was dressed in a mock police uniform with a hockey mask over a pig costume and a riot shield labeled, "Go home and consume." On February 6, Chase wrote on his Facebook wall: "Miami has the most crooked cops in the country. We should execute them before they do something we'll regret."
But Escobar says Chase shouldn't be judged by his Internet posturing. "He wasn't a malicious person," he says, adding that Chase was trusted enough to work security for the tent city. "He never got violent with anyone."
Two later incidents would only strengthen Chase's distaste for the fuzz. The first was the humiliating March 13 Miami police raid. The second happened shortly after Chase and Betterly abruptly headed to Chicago for the NATO summit protests. Brian Church, a skinny Occupy Fort Lauderdale member with auburn hair, picked them up at Fort Peace.
The three hadn't even made it to the Windy City when they were pulled over by cops, however. Chicago police told them to stay away from protests and threatened to give them a "billy club to the fucking skull," according to video the trio secretly filmed and later posted online.
A week later, SWAT officers burst through the door of the apartment where Church, Chase, and Betterly were staying and arrested them. Authorities said they found Molotov cocktails made out of beer bottles filled with gasoline, as well as a sword, a hunting bow, throwing stars, knives, and a mortar tube. And prosecutors claim to have evidence that the three protesters planned attacks on Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel's house, Barack Obama's campaign headquarters, banks, and police stations. At one point, Church asked the others if they had ever seen "a cop on fire," according to court documents.
The three men have been charged with supporting and conspiring to commit terrorism as well as possession of explosives. They are being held in separate cells on $1.5 million bond each and face up to 85 years apiece.
But the apartment didn't belong to the trio, and others were staying there, including two suspected undercover cops. Escobar believes his friends are big-talkers whose empty boasts were seized upon by law enforcement. Lawyers representing the NATO 3 insist the weapons were planted in the apartment and that the bottles weren't explosives but part of a beer-making kit. "They are destroying these kids' lives without knowing if anything was really going to happen," Escobar says.
While Chase, Betterly, and Church sit in a Chicago jail, Fort Peace is falling apart. There are hardly any activists left, just homeless people living off Duque's hospitality. The landlord, who calls himself Señor Paz, was arrested May 11 and accused of imprisoning and battering one of his tenants. His wife says the charges are ludicrous, but because no one is paying rent anymore, she doesn't have the $750 needed to bail him out. When she asked Occupy Miami members for donations, she was rebuffed. Now she plans to evict them.
With three members behind bars and its safe house in shambles, Occupy Miami is faltering. Protesters are gradually moving out, to the delight of local police ("We hate their fucking guts," one officer told New Times). Escobar says he plans to leave town completely.
"I thought this building had a lot of potential," he says from the second-story landing where he used to hang out with Chase and Betterly. "Now it's a failure."


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The defending champion Miami Heat head to Atlanta Friday night for a Southeast Division matchup against the Hawks.
The Heat have won three in a row after an embarrassing loss to the New York Knicks in Madison Square Garden one week ago. All three victories were at home and this tilt begins a six-game road trip that ends out west.
"These trips benefit us," said LeBron James. "I'm real excited. It's another opportunity for us to come together."
The Heat lead the NBA in scoring at 110 ppg, but rank in the bottom-third points allowed (99.8). Miami has been awesome in its last two, thrashing the Phoenix Suns by 25 and the Brooklyn Nets by 30, 103-73, on Wednesday.
"It was good to go out and play the type of ball that we did tonight," James said after the rout of the Nets. "We want to defend at a high level and share the ball offensively and we were able to do both."
The 73 points surrendered to the Nets was the lowest against the Heat this season by 26 points. They held Brooklyn to 37.5 percent from the field and 14.3 percent from the 3-point line.
Miami combined for 25 assists, led by James' eight.
The Hawks also head west after Friday's contest. They play four on the left coast, but Atlanta has already proven itself against some of the league's best in this early portion of the season.
They beat the Western Conference champions, the Oklahoma City Thunder, in Oklahoma City, then got a hard-fought home win over the Indiana Pacers. The Hawks closed out the Pacers on the strength of an 18-0 run in the fourth quarter.
"They tested our team early. It's only our third game, but I was impressed with our resiliency," said Al Horford. "We kept fighting and kept making plays. We were able to pull it out. It is better to get an ugly win than a loss. We'll take it, we just need to learn from the game."
Josh Smith missed the Thunder game with a right ankle sprain, but returned against the Pacers and played 35 minutes. He only had 11 points and five boards, but contributed hugely late. Smith's offensive rebound in the final frame led to Jeff Teague's 3-pointer, which gave the Hawks the lead. Then, Smith hit Lou Williams for an uncontested dunk after a timeout to give Atlanta a three-point lead, which it never relinquished.
It would behoove the Hawks to get sharp-shooter Kyle Korver going. He is averaging a meager 5.7 ppg. and shooting 29 percent from the field and 25 percent from beyond the arc.
Miami has won five straight in Atlanta and nine of the last 11 overall against the Hawks.


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The USPS Will Make Sunday Deliveries Just for Amazon
The US Postal Service announced that it would make special Sunday deliveries for Amazon.com customers
"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds." So goes the U.S. Postal Service motto. It just doesn't apply on Sundays. Unless you're ordering from Amazon. The Postal Service announced that it would make special Sunday deliveries for Amazon.com customers.
For the next year the Sunday deliveries will only be available in New York City and Los Angeles, according to the Los Angeles Times:
The postal service's Sunday package delivery business has been very small, but the arrangement with Amazon for two of the retailer's larger markets, Los Angeles and New York, should boost work considerably.
To pull off Sunday delivery for Amazon, the postal service plans to use its flexible scheduling of employees, Brennan said. It doesn't plan to add employees, she said.
Because Amazon is so huge, other vendors will have a hard time competing with this new Sunday offering. But the USPS is hoping to cut more deals like this one, according to the New York Times:
The Postal Service said it expected to make more such deals with other merchants, seeking a larger role in the $186 billion e-commerce market. Amazon.com would not say if it would try to arrange Sunday deliveries with other parcel carriers.
This deal alone won't save the USPS, which continues to bleed money (about $32 billion since 2007) and see declines in letters, but it might keep them from going under for a bit longer.
More from Smithsonian.com:
Amazon Warriors
The Quirky Ways of the Postal Service


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Accessing Google Apps
How do I log in to Google Apps?
Can I access my Google Apps account from another email program?
Yes, LifeM@il supports the use of POP3 or IMAP to access your Google Mail in another email program. But - we feel the new LifeM@il is so nice, we hope you use it as your preferred email system.
How long will it take me to get up to speed with Google Apps?
You should be able to begin sending and receiving mail, scheduling calendar events, and managing contacts right away, without any trouble. Becoming accustomed to Gmail's unique mail management features such a conversations and labels can take a bit longer. Within a week, however, many people find they are not only comfortable with Google Apps, but they appreciate the benefits and no longer miss their old application.
Can I open my email or calendar in new tab (not a new window)?
Yes, if you set up your browser to open links in a new window or tab.
Tip: If you want to open Google Mail or Calendar in a new tab instead of a new window, change your settings in Internet Explorer. Go to Tools >Internet Options>Tabs>Settings, and clickLet Internet Explorer choose how to open pop-ups.
Can I access Google Apps offline?
Yes, Google has an early version of a new tool that provides offline access to your most recent email messages. To enable the feature, click the Labs icon (green flask) in the upper-right corner of your Mail window. Then, under Offline, click Enable.
Note: Google Mail Labs is a collection of new ideas for Google Mail features that you can try. Please be aware that these features are not officially "released" and can change, become unstable, or disappear at any time.
Do I need to use the VPN to access Google Apps when I'm offsite?
No, you can just go to you Google Apps URL to access your email and calendar.
Requirements and Language Support
Which web browsers can I use with Google Apps?
Google Apps supports the following other browsers
Are there any other system requirements?
No. Because Google Apps runs in a web browser, you just need to use a supported browser.
What languages does Google Apps support?
The interface for both Google Apps Email and Google Calendar are available in over 50 languages. For a list of the available languages and instructions on how to set a different language, refer to the Gmail Help Center.
Other General Questions
Will my email address change?
No, you'll continue to use your existing email address.
Will we have access to Google Labs?
Yes, you access Google Mail Labs by clicking the Labs (green flask) icon in the upper-right corner of your Mail window. Note that Google Mail Labs is a collection of new ideas for Google Mail features that you can try. Please be aware that these features are not officially "released" and can change, become unstable, or disappear at any time.


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Bear Doesn't Play
© Copyright 2008 FarmgirlFare.com, the award-winning blog where the bipeds aren't the only ones who have to resist the livestock guardian dog cuteness.
Oh my goodness - how funny! I was thinking that if that puppy were a lamb, Bear would be tickled pink. But a puppy, what use does Bear have for a puppy!? =) Thanks for sharing....those fluff balls are adorable. I'd have a real tough time not snuggling up in that fur!!!ReplyDelete
Oh my word, when we first saw the little fluffy bundles of white, they looked little. Now, next to Bear, I can see how these hulking 130 pound beasts will be able to defend the flock (once they are grown up).
That is one BIG puppy. I hope dog food is on sale near you ;)
Well, OF COURSE he can't play--he's too busy. That puppy will learn soon that there's no time for frivolity when there are lambs to be guarded.ReplyDelete
These little buggers are so cute!!! I hope poor Buddy Bear doesn't get a complex - 'cause he's gosh-darn cute too!ReplyDelete
Those dogs are going to be huge!
They are already almost looking Bear straight in the face.
Oh so cute! I love your blog, and the puppies (very big puppies) are just snuggly!ReplyDelete
Must. Restrain. From.
"http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=snorgle">Snorgling. Puppy.
Oh, the personality(ies) shown in this photo!ReplyDelete
Absolutely the first time I've seen a pic of Buddy Bear looking disconcerted! Poor dear tolerant wonderful "I was here first" dog!That's some big puppy friend - doubled - woo heee! Please send our fond regards to LBB - he will always be my fave. I'm fond of older and wiser. Young and frisky and cute is mighty appealing - but never replaces wisdom.ReplyDelete
I was at the public library yesterday and wanted to browse your site. My access was denied because of the suspicion for a porn site. I think it must be judged by the blog name: Farmgirl Fare'...I thought you may want to know.ReplyDelete
Um, is this an HR issue? I mean, someone is trying to make out with him while he's on the job and all?
Personally, he's cute enough *I* might give him a pass, but Bear seems to take his work pretty seriously. He doesn't seem like the type for workplace hanky panky ;)
December 2015 update: Hi! For some reason I can't figure out, Blogger hasn't been letting me leave comments on my own blog (!) for the last several months, so I've been unable to respond to your comments and questions. My apologies for any inconvenience! You're always welcome to email me: farmgirlfare AT gmail DOT com.
Hi! Thanks for visiting Farmgirl Fare and taking the time to write. While I'm not always able to reply to every comment, I receive and enjoy reading them all.
Your feedback is greatly appreciated, and I especially love hearing about your experiences with my recipes. Comments on older posts are always welcome!
Please note that I moderate comments, so if I'm away from the computer it may be a while before yours appears.
I try my best to answer all questions, though sometimes it takes me a few days. And sometimes, I'm sorry to say, they fall through the cracks, and for that I sincerely apologize.
I look forward to hearing from you and hope you enjoy your e-visits to our farm!


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Expensive, especially during the winter when the snowbirds come. Sometimes they have a good sale.
They charge extra to pay with a credit card.
c/o General Delivery
Blythe, CA, 92226-9999
Pick up at 200 E Murphy St. Post Office
They run a bus between Blythe, Quartzsite, and Los Algadones Mexico.
Open Mon-Sat 10am-9pm Sun 10am-8pm
Good sales here all the time on meat and cheese. Also sells restaurant size cans of food.
Free WI-FI


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TUM researchers present initial data from successful ESA mission
GOCE satellite determines gravitational force in the Himalayas
Gravitation is one of the fundamental forces of nature, but it is by no means the same everywhere. Earth's rotation, height differences of the surface, and the composition of the crust cause significant differences in the global gravitational field. Measuring the field with previously unattainable precision – thereby contributing to the understanding of its effects – is the task of GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer), which lifted into earth's orbit on March 17, 2009. In addition, GOCE is expected to provide the basis for the most accurate calculation of the "geoid" possible. Geoid is the name given to the virtual sea level of a global ocean at rest, which is used, for example, as a height reference for construction projects.
In recent months, researchers from the GOCE Gravity Consortium, a group of ten European institutes from seven countries, have processed data from the satellite in such a way that it can be used for model calculations. They can already see that GOCE will enable significant progress to be made in mapping. "It is becoming clear that we are receiving good information for the regions that are of interest from a geophysical point of view," says TUM geodesist Prof. Reiner Rummel, chairman of the consortium, who will present the first interim results of the mission this week at the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union in Vienna.
The scientists had suspected that there were large inaccuracies in the previous models, calculated on the basis of conventional methods, particularly in the Himalayas, parts of Africa, and the Andes The initial evaluations of the GOCE data do indeed confirm this hypothesis. "Measurements made from the surface of the Earth in regions that are difficult to get to carry a high risk of errors," explains Rummel. "This is not a problem for the satellite, of course."
Not only the data, but also the satellite itself is proving to be very robust. It was originally intended to carry out the actual measurements for one year from October, with a break after six months. However, GOCE's energy supply is operating so well and its stability is so high that this rest phase was not necessary. "We hope we can continue to measure for even three to four years," says Rummel - and this despite the extremely challenging track the satellite is on: Its working height of 255 kilometers is the lowest Earth orbit ever for a scientific satellite. Its path must be continuously corrected with an electric ion propulsion system so that it does not crash to Earth. "This works extremely well," says Rummel with delight. The Sun, which has been behaving extremely peacefully in recent months, is aiding the mission. Stronger solar activity would increase the aerodynamic drag and thus make control more difficult.
The scientists expect the mission to enable better understanding of many processes both on and below the surface of the Earth. Because gravitation is directly correlated with the distribution of mass in the Earth's interior, mapping gravitation in detail can contribute to better understanding of dynamics in Earth's crust. Understanding better why and where the movement of tectonic plates causes earthquakes is of great significance, particularly for regions on plate boundaries such as the Himalayas and the Andes. The researchers hope that the mission could eventually contribute to development of an early warning system for earthquakes.
With the aid of the new data, scientists also want to measure ocean circulation globally, precisely, and in detail for the first time. The ability to measure changes to ocean circulation and sea level is crucial for all global climate studies. Until now, ocean circulation has mainly been derived from mathematical model calculations.
Surveying should also profit enormously from the GOCE data. The exact reference planes can be used to correctly compare the heights of the Earth's surface on different continents. Through coordination with measurements from satellite navigation systems (e.g. GPS or GALILEO), it will be possible in the future to make such data available with centimeter accuracy to every user. And last but not least, it also will become simpler to plan the construction of roads, tunnels, and bridges.
The consortium scientists, coordinated at the TU München, will now use the pre-processed data to develop an initial global model of the gravitational field. It will be presented at the Living Planet Symposium of the European Space Agency ESA at the end of June in Bergen, Norway.


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Salon des amateurs
by Hauschka on 130701Released 11/05/2011
Hot on the heels of October 2010's 'Foreign Landscapes' album, Hauschka returned with a brilliant new full-length, which once again sees the adventurous pianist/composer pushing into fresh territory and expanding his oeuvre. Where 'Foreign Landscapes' saw Hauschka shifting from his acclaimed solo 'prepared' piano into full-scale orchestral compositions, 'Salon des Amateurs' sees the artist utilising the percussive qualities of the treated piano for a unique take on techno and house music. Expanded to include drum kit and orchestral instrumentation, the album is a rousing set of dance tracks. Named after the club/bar in his native Düsseldorf, where Hauschka (aka Volker Bertelmann) presents an annual piano festival – follows a night out around the Salon, itself a "stand for unselfish programming and creating a space for development and possibilities that are normally not created", to borrow Hauschka's description.
'Salon des Amateurs' is simultaneously a bold departure and a logical step forward for Hauschka. A unique project that sounds simultaneously organic and mechanised, it is full of carefully-picked references to two opposing genres – modern classical and heady dance music. Featuring múm drummer Samuli Kosminen and Calexico's John Convertino and Joe Burns, there is a driving propulsion to the record, firmly aimed to resonate through dance floors, while Grammy award-winning violinist Hilary Hahn ensures her guest spot will not go unnoticed by a classically-aligned audience. Far from being a musical curio or a covers album, this record is entirely comprised of original pieces, each imbued with a palpable sense of fun (as is often the case in Hauschka's music) and a huge sonic depth, yet its instrumentation upholds an astute, sharp elegance. Subtle electronic touches swarm around 'Cube' with the same grace and nuance as the syncopated brass stabs of 'Radar', while the grimey-synth mimicking low-end piano of 'Two AM' and 'Tanzbein' references the layers of repetition that characterise the golden age of house and techno.
The album was largely recorded by Bertelmann at his Studio Zwei space in Düsseldorf. Beginning as a series of piano solos, these were gradually expanded and ultimately accorded the essential dance touch – a solid, thumping low end. Kosminen and the Calexico members recorded their own work remotely following directive notes from Bertelmann. A final collaborator – 'Dancer in the Dark' author Sjón Sigurdsson – contributes a surreal short story to the liner notes, in keeping with a theme present in each of Hauschka's FatCat releases.
Hauschka is perhaps predominantly known for his work with the prepared piano, with Bertelmann working from a start-point of creative modification: gaffa tape, aluminium foil, bottle tops, ping-pong balls, even vibrators placed across the piano's internal strings and hammers to produce a beautiful, bizarre spectrum of timbres that belies the traditionalist expectations of the instrument. Immediately lauded for his playful approach to the post-classical field, Bertelmann's profile as an artist has steadily risen since the release of his FatCat debut 'Room to Expand' (2007). Following a series of engaging live shows (the point at which so many people 'get' what he's doing), his follow-up, 'Ferndorf' (2008), drew an even wider audience, and 'Foreign Landscapes' (2010) marked the next leap forward, bringing in a large-scale ensemble for the record itself and a great critical response.
To celebrate the release of Hauschka's fantastic new 'Salon Des Amateurs' album, we've produced a limited edition of 100 hand-numbered lithograph prints, a number of which we have obtained to sell through our store. The posters are A3-sized with a four colour print, and feature the stunning cover artwork of the album, which is a detail from the painting 'Trains and Boats an Planes' by the artist, Stefan Kürten.


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President Obama says he won't release the photo of Osama bin Laden's dead body. Former Sunday Times editor Harold Evans, author of Pictures on a Page, on why exhibiting the dead terrorist would be obscene. Plus, full coverage of Osama bin Laden's death.
Obama made the right decision not to display Osama bin Laden with a hole in his head. We are glad he has gone. The deed of executing justice is sufficient unto itself.
Gallery: Famous Remains
There's no justification in publishing to convince those who somehow suspect that it wasn't bin Laden who died in the walled compound. They will never accept any evidence, photo, DNA, the president's testimony. They live in the fantasy world inhabited by Elvis Presley, Tupac Shakur, and the Notorious B.I.G., so there's always room for one more.
• The Daily Beast's Complete Osama bin Laden CoverageThere are more serious reasons for restraint. There may be force in the president's argument that such a graphic photo could be a propaganda tool, an incitement to additional violence. Alternatively, it could deter would-be jihadists, who would have to think a little harder when they see the bloodied bodies of Osama's men killed in the firefight in his hideaway, photos obtained by Reuters from a Pakistani security officer and rightly released on Wednesday. The gruesome photographs of Saddam Hussein's dead sons are in the same category.
Those calculations apart, I'd find the exultation of exhibiting the vanquished bin Laden to be obscene, ethically not much different from the Tudors, who liked sticking heads and dismembered torsos around London, or the barbarians of al Qaeda. Obama said it well: "That's not who we are. We don't trot out this stuff as trophies." It's the jihadists who enjoy celebrating death; we prefer to celebrate life.
The history of exhibiting violence photojournalism is fraught with perplexities. When I was writing a book on photojournalism, I attempted to work out some guidelines. I had been assailed by readers of the newspaper I edited for publishing a photograph of an empty coffin in front of a burned-out car; the dead man was not visible. I defended it as an indictment of a dangerous road, but the readers had a point in asking whether that homily justified the extra grief the image inflicted on the dead man's loved ones.
There is no question that photographs of violence do cause great distress to many people, and especially parents. Sometimes that has to be accepted—I don't care about the distress of the jihadists!—but to inflict distress at random is to weaken the case for doing it at all.
In the first Gulf War, much abuse was heaped on the editor of The Observer newspaper in London, who published Kenneth Jarecke's photograph of the charred remains of a soldier incinerated in his vehicle. Even professionals were shocked by the image. Jarecke started getting criticism for the photograph even before he returned home to the U.S. "In fact, when the Associated Press in Dharan transmitted the picture," he told me, "some editor in New York took it off the wire. It wasn't even distributed in the U.S. until my agency [Contact Press Images] got it." Even then, no magazine published the picture. It took a bold magazine editor at American Photo to publish an image, months later, in a discussion of the limits of war photography.
Why did such a simple, grainy, black-and-white photograph arouse such reaction? After all, we had watched with relative equanimity weeks of sharply focused moving color pictures on television of far greater violence. Death may have seemed remote in the celestial glow of a cruise missile departing the USS Wisconsin, or the fastidious crosshairs of the smart bomb, but none of these images had the impact of Jarecke's single still picture of the skull of the soldier.
Ask yourself whether you would have published it. The photograph shocked because it was a solitary individual in the transfixation of a hideous death. Would it have made any difference to your reaction to know that the corpse was not an American or a Brit in the allied coalition, but the enemy, in this case an Iraqi in Saddam Hussein's army?
With the missiles we saw hurtling into the night in that war, it had been possible to enjoy the lethal felicity of designer bombs as some kind of videogame. There was no escape from the still silence of the corpse in Jarecke's photograph. Once seen, it has a permanent place in one's imagination. Anyone who can replay moving images in his mind has a very rare faculty. The moving image may make an emotional impact, but its detail and shape cannot easily be recalled. The CBS cameraman Jim Helling was in the photographic pool with Jarecke and shot footage of the truck and other bodies, but he asked Jarecke for a print of the still "because that's the face of war."
There has to be some fitness of purpose; and a constant of awareness of the capacity of a photograph to excite deep emotions. With the offensive photograph, four questions help:
1) Is the event it portrays of such social or historic significance that the shock is justified? It was surely right and necessary to show the bodies of the Jews murdered by the Nazis. But many newspapers, rightly, I think, did not think the shock justified publishing car crash pictures of the actress Jayne Mansfield, showing her head impaled on a shard of windshield glass and her body lying several feet away on the roadside. But bin Laden? Yes, that would pass the test of significance.
2) Is the objectionable detail necessary for a proper understanding of the events? I think not in the case of bin Laden. We know what happened.
3) Does the subject freely consent? The question is not relevant here, but it often is—when, for instance, you have a photograph of a victim under attack from a knife-wielding thug.
4) Finally, is the photograph expressive of humanity?
Not all these questions need to be answered in the affirmative, but I'd argue that at least one must to justify an image that will shock. I thought the photographs of the contractors murdered and hung from the bridge at Fallujah in Iraq were deeply offensive, but right to be shown as emblematic of the horrors the jihadists were prepared to inflict.
When I discussed Jarecke's picture with him, he said he was most influenced in his decision to submit it for publication by the fact that the image, though appalling, was nonetheless of a recognizable being. He rejected the idea of photographing the dismemberment he saw on the battlefield; that would, he felt, have served no purpose. It would have dehumanized the individual.
A whole series of photographs can be tested against the criteria I suggested. Ronald Haeberle's picture of dead and terrified villagers at My Lai were not the gratuitous violence alleged against the publishers. They were evidence of a massacre. They were the reality of war. Similarly, a World War II photograph of the beheading of an Australian soldier by a Japanese officer was horrifying, but testimony to the nature of an insensate cruelty.
By the same token, it would have been better if decades of American editors had not suppressed gruesome photographs of Southern lynchings in the 1920s and '30s; or if someone had had the tenacity and courage of the documentary photographer Carole Gallagher in showing, with the agreement of the subjects, what disfigurement had been produced by two decades of radiation from atomic bomb tests in the American Southwest.
On the same test, however, it was merely to satisfy morbid curiosity to show us the dead Lee Harvey Oswald lying on a pathologist's table, with the crude post-mortem stitches lacerating his chest. That picture was suppressed but eventually made it into print. I'd guess that the same will happen with the bin Laden and it won't do more than indulge a prurient curiosity.
Harold Evans is the author of Pictures on a Page, wrote two histories of America, and recently published his memoir, My Paper Chase. Editor at large of The Week, he was editor of The Sunday Times from 1967-81 and The Times from 1981-82, founding editor of Condé Nast Traveler, and president of Random House Trade Group from 1990-97.