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Posted on August 21, 2008 by Mark Walker
As the debate regarding the contribution of anthropogenic greenhouse gases to global warming continues, some parties are taking their concerns directly to the courts. Perhaps the latest in the growing number of global warming lawsuits is the Native Village of Kivalina, Alaska v. ExxonMobil, et al., Case No. CV-08-1138, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, San Francisco Division.
The Village of Kivalina is located in northwest Alaska about 120 miles from the Arctic circle. The Village is comprised of roughly 1.9 square miles of land which lies on the tip of a barrier island which separates the Chukchi Sea and a lagoon on the mainland side. There are 399 residents of Kivalina, 97% of whom are Native Alaskans referred to as "Inupiat" Eskimos, meaning "the people."
With claims presaged by Al Gore's "An Inconvenient Truth", Kivalina claims that global warming has caused the melting of Arctic sea ice which formerly protected the Village from winter storms. Without the protective ice, the Village claims that storms have caused massive erosion, leaving "houses and buildings in imminent danger of falling into the sea." The Village contends that, "if the entire village is not relocated soon, the village will be destroyed." Governmental estimates of the cost to relocate run as high as $400 million –roughly $1 million per resident.
The defendants are 9 oil and gas companies, 14 electric generation companies and 1 coal company. Kivalina contends that the defendants are among the largest emitters of greenhouse gases in the United States, and that the defendants "are responsible for a substantial portion of the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that have caused global warming." The Village is pursuing a public nuisance theory.
With allegations that are indeed carbon copied from the "Science Fraud" chapter in "An Inconvenient Truth", Kivalina claims that eight of the defendants have engaged in a civil conspiracy to generate misinformation and propaganda to create doubt as to whether global warming is occurring and, if so, whether man-made emissions are to blame. The Village claims that the alleged co-conspirators have used "front groups, fake citizens organizations, and bogus scientific bodies" to generate the alleged misinformation and doubt.
The Kivalina lawsuit is in its early stages, however, the defendants have filed motions to dismiss claiming, inter alia, that (1) the plaintiffs cannot pursue a federal common law nuisance claim because such claim is available only to States seeking injunctive relief and because the Clean Air Act displaces the authority of the courts to regulate nationwide greenhouse gas emissions and global warming; and (2) the plaintiffs' conspiracy claims are not independent torts, but are derivative of their underlying nuisance claims and should fail along with the nuisance claims.
Similar lawsuits have previously been dismissed on the grounds of lack of standing and non-justiciability under the political question doctrine. See Comer, et al. v. Murphy Oil, et al., Case No. 1:05-cv-00436-LTS-RHW, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, dismissal currently on appeal to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals (Appeal No. 07-60756); State of California v. General Motors, et al., Case No. C-06-05755-MJJ, in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, dismissal currently on appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (Appeal No. 07-16908). In Comer the plaintiffs blamed Hurricane Katrina on global warming and on 8 oil companies, 31 coal companies and 4 chemical companies that allegedly contributed to global warming.
So far, the courts appear to be of the view that the responsibility for developing a comprehensive global warming policy which balances the interests of reducing air pollution and its social costs with the corresponding harm to economic development and its attendant social costs is a political question which is reserved for the political branches of government, and that such policies should not be developed on an ad hocbasis by the courts. Kivalina is once again testing the resolve of the courts to stay out of the global warming debate until Congress and/or the EPA establish clear policies regarding man-made greenhouse gas emissions.
To view a copy of the Kivalina Complaint, click here.
For more information on the author, click here.
Tags: Natural Resource Damages


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Sunrise Sunset
Fri., Sept. 14 6:20 6:53
Sat., Sept. 15 6:21 6:51
Sun., Sept. 16 6:22 6:49
Mon., Sept. 17 6:23 6:48
Tues., Sept. 18 6:24 6:46
Wed., Sept. 19 6:25 6:44
Thurs., Sept. 20 6:26 6:43
Fri., Sept. 21 6:27 6:41
Tonight after sunset, the thin crescent moon hangs low in the southwestern sky. The moon is moving from the zodiacal constellation Virgo to Libra.
On Monday night the crescent moon appears under the bright planet Jupiter. Both are in the zodiacal constellation Scorpius and separated by a bright red star, Antares. Antares is the principal star in Scorpius and appears between the two. Other than the moon, Jupiter is the brightest celestial object in our night sky.
The moon reaches first quarter phase on Tuesday and appears low in the southern sky in the zodiacal constellation Sagittarius.
The red planet Mars rises in the eastern sky before midnight. The planet is in the zodiacal constellation Taurus. Mars is an impressive sight, a good deal brighter than it was during the summer. Mars will continue to brighten through the end of the year.
Venus is a spectacle low in the southeastern sky before sunrise. The planet appears close by to the planet Saturn. Both are in the zodiacal constellation Leo.
Saturn is nowhere near as bright as Venus. Astronomers estimate that Venus is 33 million miles away from the Earth. Saturn is at least 930 million miles away. Venus is moving away from the Earth, while Saturn is getting closer.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tina Brown, the founding editor of the Daily Beast, is leaving the online publication to launch her own company.
Brown is well known for her previous work at Vanity Fair, The New Yorker and Tatler. She announced her departure Wednesday, five years after launching the Daily Beast.
Tina Brown Live Media, her new company, will host live events, panel discussions and debates. It will have a special emphasis on expanding the annual "Women in the World" summit, which Brown launched in 2010.
The Daily Beast is owned by IAC (IACI), which also owns sites such as vimeo, Ask.com and the online dating site match.com. IAC is chaired by media mogul Barry Diller.
Related: Diller hit with $480,000 penalty in Coke stock purchase
IAC took control of the iconic Newsweek last year, and then shut the print magazine. It sold the Newsweek website to IBT Media last month.
Brown, who had been editor of both publications, explained that the growing use of tablets, combined with continued weakness in print advertising, forced the decision.


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Dolphin Stadium gets world's largest 720p display
We're used to a lot of companies calling their products the world's largest, smallest, first or most expensive, and most of the time, we're able to deflate the hype at least a little. But in the case of the newly unveiled display at Miami's Dolphin Stadium, we may just have to hand it to them: the 720p display is a whopping 137 feet wide by 50 feet high, making its diagonal dimensions 1,750 inches. So, when stadium officials boast that it's the world's largest HD display, we really don't think we can argue with them (though we do take issue with their removal of the "s" -- but that's another story). Sort of makes those 103-inchers we were just drooling over seem kind of tiny. Then again, we're not quite sure where we could put a 1,750-incher if we actually had a chance to get one for ourselves, so a 103 will do us just fine, thanks.


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WORK OF ART & WONDERS. Of curated AUTHENTIC designer clothing and accessories: we sell items we. Hermes Ladies Red Twillaine Les Sangles Print Cashmere Silk Knitwear. A very elegant and timeless red Les Sangles cashmere silk jumper by Hermes, with stunning multicolour belt print silk panel at the front. Long sleeves with ribbed arm.All measurements are done with the garment laid flat without stretch. Size Stated FR34: fits XS; UK 6 - 8; US 2 - 4. Chest (underarm seam to seam): 17.5 inches/ 44.5cm. Body length: 22.5 inches/ 57cm. We post items worldwide the following day of payments clearing, excluding weekends and UK holidays. Please notify us within 2 days of receipt. Return items to be sent via a traceable and insured service. Item mis-described, we sincerely apologise but we're only human. We also offer interest-free layaway service at no extra cost. Payments: weekly, biweekly or monthly payments over maximum a 6-month period. Please let us know before leaving feedback so that we can resolve any issues and address your concerns. WOAW sell items we love! All our items are strictly inspected & described, stored in a smoke-free environment. Please check full listing descriptions, photos and measurements and ask about any queries or personal preferences. The item "Hermes Women Red Les Sangles Cashmere Silk Jumper Pullover Top Sweater Size 34" is in sale since Thursday, April 11, 2019. This item is in the category "Clothes, Shoes & Accessories\Women\Women's Clothing\Jumpers & Cardigans".w" and is located in London.
This item can be shipped worldwide.


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Oscar Winning Horror Movies, believe it or not they do exist! Right now there is alot of buzz around the Oscars and not all of it is good. Horror fans have often felt snubbed by the Oscars but now even mainstream film fans are questioning the choices and even the relevance of The Oscars. it is for that reason I am taking a look back at some of the better known Oscar winning horror films.
Fans and critics alike are asking how relevant the Oscars are considering that some of the best films of 2012 were completely ignored. Add to the fact that most the members are so old people question how they can possibly have the latest pulse on film.
The Los Angeles Times did a fantastic piece on the Oscars exposing that of their over 5, 700 voting members nearly 94% are Caucasian and 77% male and that the average age is 62. People under 50 are less then 14% of the membership. So when you wonder why horror movies do not win you should now have your answer. Not many 60 year olds are die hard fans of the new genre of horror.
That said over the year some great horror movies have won Oscar nods and in an effort to cheer myself and other horror fans up I figured it would be fun to look back at 14 Oscar Winning Horror Movies. These films are in no particular order.
1968's Rosemarys Baby:
Roman Polanski's film Rosemay Baby is a truly powerful film and to this day remains one of the greatest horror films of all time. Mia Farrow turned in one of her greatest performances as Rosemary a woman about to have the devils baby whether she is willing or not.
It got two Oscar nods, Best Screenpaly and Best Supporting Actress. It won for Best Supporting Actress. Frankly its insulting it did not win more nominations then it did. Rosemary's Baby should have been one of the biggest Oscar Winning horror movies of all time. Why it was overlooked for more Oscar nods I will never know I am not a 62 year old white male… but I am under 50!
1973's The Exorcist:
Right up their with Rosemary's Baby when it comes to epic horror films is The Exorcist. To this day it gives me the creeps and did I am sure wonders for the growth of Catholic Sunday Services. In The Ecorcist a child is possessed by a mysterious entity and her mother seeks the help of two priests to save her.
This film got a ton of nods including; Best picture, Best director, Best Actor, Best Supporting Actress and the list goes on. It got 9 nominations in total and won for Best Sound and Best Screenplay. The Exorcist has the distinction of being the first horror movie to be nominated for a Best Picture Academy Award.
Frankly it is quite shocking that Linda Blair did not get recognized for her role. When it comes to performances hers holds up to the test of time.


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Gizmo's air draft sensor & my Panbo 8th
This was Thursday's little challenge. It's what I've starting calling a "trawler bridge": a span high enough to let motor cruisers get at some good anchoring and/or gunkholing, but not so high that they have to share it with pesky sailboats. I kid, of course, but I had spied out a great little spot on Norfolk's Lafayette River (Google Map here) to ride out the frontal passage and it would likely be free because there's only 24-feet under this bridge at high tide. However, I wasn't absolutely sure that Gizmo's mighty antenna farm met that requirement…
I've somehow never gotten an accurate measure of Gizmo's air draft, and apparently I'd developed an exaggerated idea of what it was. That and some "typical man" jibes (fair enough) were the content of a pretty funny conversation I had with a North Carolina bridge keeper who didn't want to open for me. After I nervously made it under — even though a guy working on the bridge waved me back at one point — the keeper estimated Gizmo's height at 24-feet. If that was true I had about 2-feet of low tide extra en route to the sweet anchorage…
But if it wasn't true, bad things could happen. So I anchored briefly outside the bridge, climbed up the mast and taped a stick higher than the lightning protector and leaning forward. I also folded back the bimini so I could monitor my sensor as I slowly approached the bridge. Heck, the stick didn't even touch, so my mast may be even shorter than I thought (unfortunately, this bridge does not have a handy tide gauge so the calibration is not complete).
Size issues aside, I became a happy guy snugly anchored alone through the blow. It was also a good workout for the little Bolger-designed Nymph tender and confirmation that that universal-jointed tiller extension (stumbled upon in the Oriental Marine Consignment shop) is indeed the solution to the Torqeedo steering issue I fretted about last fall. Now I can run the Torqeedo from several positions, even standing up, and I might add that it took only about 12% battery life and 12 minutes to make it almost a mile to the dinghy float at O'Sullivan's Wharf restaurant, and the engine started every time. The motor can still develop a noisy battery overload condition at high rpms but that hasn't changed almost since I started long testing it in in early 2011 and I still like it so much that I'm reluctant to send it in for servicing.
At any rate, despite wind and rain Friday turned out to be great lay day for reminiscing on my eighth year at Panbo. It's been neat meeting readers during the trip, like Chris and Gretchen Witzgall who unfortunately arrived in Belhaven aboard their sharply tricked-out Alchemy (above) just as I was leaving. I did learn, though, that Chris scored that Simrad Broadband Radar in the Panbo Classifieds (they're free, folks, and though not used much, they often work). Hopefully, Gizmo and Alchemy will meet again further up the road and maybe we can learn more about all that gadgetry.
I also got to know the low-key college neighborhood along the Lafayette River a bit and learned about Norfolk history and the wild world of satellite communications over lunch with Jim Rhodes, a true Southern gentleman and scholar of public relations. Jim has many years experience aboard Navy vessels large and small but I'm not sure even he'd know what all the gizmos are on this small but fearsome-looking war boat I passed on the ICW. Anyone?


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DETROIT – Hyundai and Kia overstated the gas mileage on 900,000 vehicles sold in the past three years, a discovery that could bring sanctions from the U.S. government and millions of dollars in reimbursements to car owners.
The inflated mileage was uncovered in an audit of test results by the Environmental Protection Agency, which ordered the Korean automakers to replace fuel economy stickers on the affected cars. The new window stickers will have figures that are one-to-six miles per gallon lower depending on the model, the agency said Friday.
"Consumers rely on the window sticker to help make informed choices about the cars they buy," said Gina McCarthy, assistant administrator of the EPA's air-quality office. "EPA's investigation will help protect consumers and ensure a level playing field among automakers."
The EPA's inquiry into the overstated figures is continuing, and the agency would not comment when asked if the companies will be fined or if a criminal investigation is under way.
But the agency said it's the first case in which erroneous test results were uncovered in such a large number of vehicles from the same manufacturer. Only two similar cases have been discovered since 2000, and those involved single models.
Hyundai and Kia executives said the higher figures were unintentional errors. They apologized and promised to pay owners of the 900,000 cars and SUVs for the difference in mileage. The payments, which will be made annually for as long as people own their cars, are likely to cost the companies hundreds of millions of dollars.
The EPA's findings come at a bad time for Hyundai and Kia, which have seen explosive sales growth in the U.S. partly because of advertising campaigns that touted gas mileage. Hyundai even poked fun at competitors who promoted special high-mileage versions of their cars, claiming that its cars had high mileage across the model lineup.
The EPA said it began looking at Hyundai and Kia when it received a dozen complaints from consumers that the mileage of their 2012 Hyundai Elantra cars fell short of numbers on the window stickers. Staffers at the EPA's vehicle and fuel emission laboratory in Ann Arbor, Mich., included the Elantra in an annual fuel economy audit.
The audit turned up discrepancies between agency test results and data turned in by Hyundai and Kia, the EPA said. As a result, the two automakers will have to knock one or two miles per gallon off the mileage posted on the window stickers of most of their models. Some models will lose three or four miles per gallon, and the Kia Soul, a funky-looking boxy small SUV, will lose six mpg from the highway mileage on its stickers.
The companies said the mistakes stemmed from procedural differences between their mileage tests and those performed by the EPA
Automakers follow EPA procedures when conducting their own mileage tests, and the EPA enforces accuracy by auditing about 15 percent of vehicles annually. .
"We're just extremely sorry about these errors," said John Krafcik, Hyundai's CEO of American operations. "We're driven to make this right."
The errors involve 13 models from the 2011 through 2013 model years, including seven Hyundais and six Kias. Window stickers will have to be changed on some versions of the following models: Hyundai's Elantra, Sonata Hybrid, Accent, Azera, Genesis, Tucson, Veloster and Santa Fe. Kia models affected include the Sorrento, Rio, Soul, Sportage and Optima Hybrid.
Michael Sprague, executive vice president of marketing for Kia Motors America, said the companies have a program in place to reimburse customers for the difference between the mileage on the window stickers and the numbers from the EPA tests.
The companies will find out how many miles the cars have been driven, find the mileage difference and calculate how much more fuel the customer used based on average regional fuel prices and combined city-highway mileage. Customers also would get a 15 percent premium for the inconvenience, and the payments would be made with debit cards, Sprague said. The owner of a car in Florida with a one mpg difference who drove 15,000 miles would get would get a debit card for $88.03 that can be refreshed every year as long as the person owns the car, Sprague said.
If all 900,000 owners get cards for $88.03, it would cost the automakers more than $79 million a year.
For information, owners can go to www.hyundaimpginfo.com or www.
kiampginfo.com .
Sung Hwan Cho, president of Hyundai's U.S. technical center in Michigan, said the EPA requires a complex series of tests that are very sensitive and can have variations that are open to interpretation. The companies did the tests as they were making a large number of changes in their cars designed to improve mileage. The changes, such as direct fuel injection into the cylinders around the pistons, further complicated the tests, Cho said.
"This is just a procedural error," he said. "It is not intended whatsoever."
Krafcik said the companies have fixed testing procedures and are replacing window stickers on cars in dealer inventories. Owners can be confident in their mileage stickers now, he said, adding that Hyundai will still be among the industry leaders in gas mileage even with the revised window stickers.
The mileage was overstated on about one-third of the Hyundais and Kias sold during the three model years, he said.
Through October, Hyundai sold 590,000 vehicles in the U.S., up 30 percent in two years. Kia sold more than 477,000, an increase of almost 60 percent. Strong warranties and improved styling, technology and quality have vaulted them into serious competition with larger auto companies.
Hyundai and Kia are owned by the same company and share factories and research, but they sell different vehicles and market them separately.


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Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Lost day.
45 comments:
Glad you are feeling better,I have been sick on and off the last few weeks 1st kidney stones then last few days bkadder infection and I couldnt do anything at all bar sleep and read hated it.Hope I can get going again soon maybe not as well as you have bit some crafting would be great,ReplyDelete
Kate I'm sorry you've been sick and are still not 100%, I hope you feel better soon.ReplyDelete
I'm sorry it wasn't the kind of sick you wanted, but generally when you get sick, it usually isn't ( stupid sickness)
Like you when I get sick, I get real sick, and can't do anything, except stress all the needs to be done, and the world moving at a fast past around me. I'm glad Bren was there to bring you cups of tea and check in.
sending you big hugs xoxo
I'm feeling for you Kate. There is too much to worry about when we are ill!! So brilliant that Bren was there to help you. Hope you are feeling better during the day today.XReplyDelete
(we had to to move hotel rooms again on the weekend, while I had food poisoning. reminded me of labour contractions!)
It always looks good on paper, doesn't it?ReplyDelete
So sorry you were rotten. I hope you are back to rights soon. I'm not a good sick person. The only time I allow for bed is when I have no other choice, and that means I am much too ill to stitch anything! I always fret how far behind it's going to make me.ReplyDelete
Do try to take good care of yourself my dear!
I second your comment Denice!ReplyDelete
Gah I was (I thought) DYING yesterday afternoon & I can't say I enjoyed it either... it was sodding awful.ReplyDelete
Here is to a speedy rise up to 100%..
Hi KateReplyDelete
Hope you get better soon - we missed you last night as knitting skills were in demand!!!
Take care and see you soon
Yep, the only thing wrong with being sick in bed is the sick bit. Glad you are on the mend now!ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 22, 2011 at 11:58 AM
Glad you are feeling better today...the photos of those berries are amazing!ReplyDelete
I suffer from Chronic pain and quite often find myself having sick days in bed - they aren't fun !!! It does sound good on paper and I always have people telling me how nice it must be to have ALL that time ! It's only nice if you can actually DO things!
Enjoy the yummy berries, Dee x
We went on holiday once when the kids were little and I got really sick with flu. I can still remember the luxury of being able to stay in bed while their dad took them off to the beach! I felt terrible but not having to get up was such luxury.ReplyDelete
I'm glad you are feeling better :-)
Oh...god kate, the wheels totally fall off the wagon here!!! No...tell sick to go away!!!!ReplyDelete
From somebody who is sick every day there really is nothing enjoyable about it. The trick is to find some way, some thing to make it a bit better. If you're stuck in bed - a book. If you can't read then perhaps a DVD. If none of that is possible, just lie there and think how lucky you are to have a cosy bed and the opportunity to rest. And do not think about all of the things you could/should be doing. It just makes you sad.ReplyDelete
I hope your feeling better Kate! I think with all the different weather we have been having there are so many germs flying around. I didnt feel very well yesterday arvo either and had a lie down. Luckily Paul cooks when I dont feel well so I do get to stay in bed but I dont do any knitting at all, just try to sleep!ReplyDelete
Mums cant get sick didnt you know?ReplyDelete
At least not in my house, laying in bed is way too stressful.
Im glad youre up but try not to do too much, x
What a bummer Kate. Maybe if we had a couple of days prior warning to an illness we would enjoy the bed rest/knitting etc more.ReplyDelete
Hope you are feeling totally better soon. Being sick is the pits - no time for lying in bed knitting here, I still have to do all that needs to be done. If I do end up in bed then I am truly too sick to enjoy it.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 22, 2011 at 1:10 PM
I've never yet had an illness where i've enjoyed lazing about knitting etc...much like yourself I either feel completely crappy or worry constantly about what isn't getting done in my absence.ReplyDelete
Hope you're feeling much better.
Em xxxxxx
Poor you! Sunday sickness here but completely self imposed so no deserved sympathy.ReplyDelete
Hope you are felling 100% by tommorrow.
Sorry to hear that you aren't well, hon. Hope you are 100% soon. The world sort of keeps moving. Hubby does his best but seems to have a lot of questions about running the household and it runs at a bare minimum. So while I enjoy anything that keeps me in bed as long as I can knit, read or watch old movies, it is tempered by the fact that I know how much housework is back logged. I guess I have my answer about the raspberries though... ;)ReplyDelete
Glad you're feeling better!!ReplyDelete
You called your post 'Lost day', Kate. But in reality it was a day during which you found out something really important.ReplyDelete
P.S. I'm glad you're feeling better.
P.P.S. Great photographs. Literally mouthwatering.
I'm sending healthy thoughts your way Kate. Oodles of tea and toast with the homemade jam will do wonders xxReplyDelete
Sorry to hear that you felt so under the weather yesterday. I hope you feel better tomorrow sweet:). Enjoy your berry tea party, it's so beautiful. xoReplyDelete
Wow...Sounds like we have a had a very similar 24 hours. I woke up aching and feeling dreadful, got the kiddies off to school and thought I could just potter about but no, I was totally incapacitated and couldn't even read my novel in bed. The birds were chirping outside and I knew there were blackberries ready to be picked (which the kids happily did when they got home)75% better today, making some banana bread and a lovely dinner with lots of veggies. Hope you pick up doing the week!ReplyDelete
I hope you are feeling better. I was exactly the same yesterday and had the day off work. All I managed was three loads of washing and to collect the kids from school. Can't imagine an organised house unless I am organising it. So good to hear that you already have the berries on xReplyDelete
Hugs- hope that you are on the mend. Shivers is not good an not at all helpful if attempting to knit.ReplyDelete
I have two sickies here at the moment - they have spent the best part of four days camped outon the lounge room floor.
I couldn't think of anything worse than being stuck in bed all day (even if it involved a bit of crafting).ReplyDelete
Wishing you a super speedy recovery!
- AnonymousFebruary 22, 2011 at 5:10 PM
hope you are feeling on top of the world again soon Kate! i hate being stuck in bed.ReplyDelete
Hi Kate,ReplyDelete
Sometimes things just have to wait... take care of yourself so that you are there to care for the ones you love.
Sending you hugs, a virtual cup of tea, a load of washing done, and a dozen jars of jams put up!!!!!!! ;)
:-) I no longer can't imagine enjoying being sick enough to stay in bed, because I would have to be really really really sick. Had the flu just before Christmas and spent almost three days in bed as I was feeling horrible, had no energy or appetite. I wasn't all that stressed about the household tasks not getting done and luckily for me my daughter was also sick, so she was happy to stay next to me most of the time and nap or listen to books. But I was so glad to get better and be able to do everything that needed to be doing. I'd rather stay healthy and postpone knitting in bed all day until the kids are all grown up and out of the house.ReplyDelete
To make you feel better I would like to say that I am 99.9% certain that the woman you heard interviewed was not telling the truth. Hope you feel better soon.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 22, 2011 at 6:47 PM
I dread getting sick as it takes days to play catch up once I am well. Glad to hear you are feeling better..hope you are 100% soon.ReplyDelete
power of the mind hey! hope you are feeling better now, being sick is no fun...next time maybe just imagine the being free to be in bed for a few days bit x x xReplyDelete
Hope you're feeling 100% soon! I def know what you mean. Time goes on and that laundry and cleaning is all I think about when I'm ill!!!ReplyDelete
My fella went away for a couple of weeks for work recently and while he was away I completely did my back in. My parents in law were staying already and the physio said I must stay in bed. Bit like you though, no resting, really. Pretty dreadful. Had to get help lifting the baby out of her cot. I love the idea of lying in bed for two days unable to move. The reality sucked though. Hope you're 100% better tomorrow. xxxReplyDelete
- AnonymousFebruary 22, 2011 at 10:32 PM
Oh, that reminds me of the Sylvia Plath poem 'Tulips' - do you know it? (The text doesn't seem to be available online, so I can't link to it.) It's about relinquishing the outside world - family, responsibility, daily life - and just collapsing into inertia. It takes a certain mindset to want that, I think.ReplyDelete
Glad to hear you're feeling a bit better. I hope you can get some enjoyable rest (and some good knitting time) to recover the rest of the way.
Poor you - the shivering kind of sickness is just miserable. Actually I had to hide under a doona on the couch yesterday afternoon - it came on very suddenly and meant that Stephen had to make scrambled eggs for the kids dinner and get them ready for bed, while I shivered and ached and slept. Not so bad today though (made my blackberry jam today too!).ReplyDelete
And as for the woman knitting while sick - I wonder if she was faking it just a little bit!
Wishing you rude health!
I used to like getting sick - before children. but these days it's a nightmare and thanks to the beauty of mother nature, you don't tend to get sick as much as you get older. I can never relax - unless I am so ill that I can't move. And that's the thing - you have to be pretty darn sick to take a day off, which means you can't possibly enjoy yourself.ReplyDelete
Give me good health any day!!
Hope you are much better and that you enjoy your day.
- AnonymousFebruary 23, 2011 at 1:38 PM
I hope you are feeling better Kate.ReplyDelete
I think those dreamy sick days spent knitting and watching mid day movies surely are all done and dusted when you have kids. Life continues on around here, last time I was really sick I lay on the floor, counting the seconds 'til Dadda came through the door after work so I could quietly die on my bed. (With dinner already made.)
Healthy thoughts to you.
- AnonymousFebruary 23, 2011 at 2:12 PM
the only sick days i get are when i'm so very sick i can get nothing but lie there in agony... usually my only sick days come when i have serious migraines and am vomiting and in severe pain... i am usually moving between my bed and the bathroom :( anything less than that i don't get a sick day... colds, fevers, flus... i gotta keep getting up and being the SAHM... so definitely nothing gets done when i am sick... knitting? i think she can't have been very sick :)ReplyDelete
hear you loud and clear. i hope that sickness train leaves the station soon and for good 'cos you and i both know that the house cleaning/cooking/childminding/gardening/tidying/washing/ironing fairy aint due to call around anytime soon (worse luck)ReplyDelete
so feel better miss kate, positive knitting thought coming your way
- AnonymousFebruary 23, 2011 at 11:13 PM
I really would give anything to just have a day..... no make that a week of being healthy! Being able to do all the things I love like sewing and painting all day and still have energy for my family at the end of it and be the mother and partner I was, what a gift that would be, and have the energy to blog and take photos like I used to, even that has gone down the tube the last 6 months. Hoping you are completely well soon xxReplyDelete
Luckily for me the boys are getting older so getting sick is not such a disaster as it once was. I've just had a nasty dose of shingles for the whole school holidays so I would drag myself into town every third day so the boys could wear themselves out at the pool, then we could get some groceries and come home to collapse into bed. Nothing got done by anyone else but my boys did make me lovely cups of tea and watched an awful lot of TV! I an still catching up on putting away the clean folded washing!!!ReplyDelete
I would love a sick day to stay in bed and knit all day :-)
thank you for your lovely comment kate. here's to next week being better and healthier for both of us! love your berry photos and your family stories. just lovely. happy friday.ReplyDelete
Thanks so much for stopping by...
I do read every single comment you leave and appreciate it very much, but I should let you know that I can be a wee bit on the useless side when replying to comments, that's just me, everyday life sometimes gets in the way....so I'll apologise now, just in case.
Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.


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Product Compatibility
- vSystem
- xSystem
- eSystem
- Traveller Expansion Bag
- Scorpion Dual injector
- Magnum HCR
vSystem Installation
Step 1 - Find a vacuum source
Locate the vacuum - there is a vacuum pipe from a spigot on the inlet manifold. Cut into this pipe and insert the T-Piece from the Scottoiler kit. Then press the Damper Elbow onto the third leg of the tee. For further information see our easy step installation guide - Vacuum Connections General.
Step 2 - Find a place for the reservoir
The reservoir can be mounted under the seat. The more vertical the reservoir is mounted the better. Avoid positioning the reservoir completely horizontally, as this will limit the available range. Remember to avoid exhaust and engine components. For further information, see our easy step installation guide – Reservoir Positions.
Step 3 - Mount the dispenser and connect the system
Assemble the dispenser mounting block and bolt the dispenser plate to the mounting block. Secure the dispenser on the dispenser plate using the dispenser clip. Clean the underside of the swing arm thoroughly, and prepare the area by wiping in one direction with the alcohol wipe and then firmly press the block on - with pressure, for 5 seconds. Ensure that the tip of the Injector touches the sprocket face, with the slash cut facing outwards.
Step 4 - Fill, prime and set up your vSystem
Once fitted, fill and prime the system and set the adjuster knob to 'prime'. Start the engine and turn the adjuster knob until a flow of between 1 and 2 drops per minute is achieved. Check the condition of your chain after a ride, and then adjust as required.
For best results clean your chain before fitting the Scottoiler using paraffin or similar. Then lightly oil the chain from the bottle using a rag or a brush, this allows the oil from the Scottoiler to reach both sides of the chain. 1 to 2 drops per minute will maintain this film of oil on the chain.
xSystem Installation
The xSystem chain oiler is really easy to install and can be mounted on your bike in less than 1 hour. The installation consists of the three simple steps:
- Find a place for the reservoir
- Connect the xSystem wiring harness directly to your battery
- Route the dispenser to your rear sprocket
For an example of the installation see our xSystem Installation guide.
If you have our system installed on this specific motorcycle model, we would appreciate if you could send us pictures. With more pictures we can make the Installation even easier for all motorcyclists. Please send us your feedback and photos to email@example.com.
eSystem Installation
Step 1 - Find a place for the display
The Display Bracket (Part 5) can be rotated through 360° to give 4 mounting options and can also be flipped to provide 4 further options. The bracket can be secured to any M5/M6 bolt e.g. brake or clutch lever, brake cylinder or fairing mountings, in some cases you might need to trim the supplied bolt. It is possible to bend the bracket to shape, do so before fitting the Display Unit, part 1, to prevent damage to the unit. Alternatively, the sticky fasteners (Part 4) can be used to securely fasten the Display Unit to any flat surface e.g. the fork yokes.
Step 2 - Find a space for the reservoir
Step 3 - Mount dispenser on your rear sprocket
Step 4 - Connect system to your battery
The eSystem must be wired directly to the battery. Attach the red wire to the +ve terminal and attach the black wire to the -ve terminal.
If you want to learn more about the eSystem Battery Connection and Power Consumption please click here.
Step 5 - Fill, prime, and set up your new eSystem
Once fitted, fill the REP and prime the pump. Attach the delivery tubing and prime until the oil reaches the point where you want to install the check valve. Stop the priming process and cut and insert the check valve at the chosen position. Continue priming the system until oil reaches the sprocket.
For further information you can also watch our installation video that shows the setup steps. How to fill and prime my eSystem?
Set the flow rate, using the 'Driving Screen' on the Display Unit, to 60-70 seconds per drop (s/dp), check the condition of your chain after a ride, and adjust as required.
Your Comments and Feedback
We would love to hear about your experience. Maybe you have found a better way to install the Scottoiler? A neater way to route the tubing or hide the reservoir? Maybe you even have a better picture of your installation? Our model-specific installation guides live off your tips, ideas and photos. Help us to help all motorcyclists. E-mail us at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Today Show 1200 Shoes-iPhone
She downsized from 1400. Seven hundred pairs of Beth Shak's 1200-pair-shoe collection are Louboutins. When the professional poker player wins, she "treats" herself to a new pair, and from the looks of her closet, she shops when she loses as well. Shak's 16-year-old daughter can't borrow any of her mom's heels because they don't wear the same size, but her sons admit to being sneaker addicts.
Shak is one of the many women in the upcoming documentary God Save My Shoes, the film that asks the eternal question, "What is it about women and shoes?" The answer is actually really easy: They're pretty and they make you taller.


text:
HSV-2 indicates herpes simplex virus type 2. Time intervals on the horizontal axes are equal to the value labeled on the tick and less than value of the next tick.
Boxes represent interquartile range, dots represent means, whiskers represent the minimum and maximum, and horizontal lines represent the median. Numbers of swabs in each category are shown for each group. HSV-2 indicates herpes simplex virus type 2.
Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.
Tronstein E, Johnston C, Huang M, et al. Genital Shedding of Herpes Simplex Virus Among Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Persons With HSV-2 Infection. JAMA. 2011;305(14):1441–1449. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.420
© 2023
Author Affiliations: Departments of Medicine (Drs Johnston, Corey, and Wald and Ms Tronstein), Laboratory Medicine (Drs Huang, Magaret, Corey, and Wald and Ms Selke), and Epidemiology (Dr Wald), University of Washington, Seattle; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Drs Johnston, Huang, Magaret, Corey, and Wald), and Program in Biostatistics (Dr Magaret), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and Westover Heights Clinic, Portland, Oregon (Ms Warren).
Context Since herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) antibody tests have become commercially available, an increasing number of persons have learned that they have genital herpes through serologic testing. The course of natural history of HSV-2 in asymptomatic, seropositive persons is uncertain.
Objective To evaluate the virologic and clinical course of HSV genital shedding among individuals with symptomatic and asymptomatic HSV-2 infection.
Design, Setting, and Participants Cohort of 498 immunocompetent HSV-2–seropositive persons enrolled in prospective studies of genital HSV shedding at the University of Washington Virology Research Clinic, Seattle, and Westover Heights Clinic, Portland, Oregon, between March 1992 and April 2008. Each participant obtained daily self-collected swabs of genital secretions for at least 30 days.
Main Outcome Measure The rate of viral shedding measured by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction for HSV DNA from genital swabs.
Results Herpes simplex virus type 2 was detected on 4753 of 23 683 days (20.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18.3%-22.0%) in 410 persons with symptomatic genital HSV-2 infection compared with 519 of 5070 days (10.2%; 95% CI, 7.7%-13.6%) in 88 persons with asymptomatic infection (P < .001). Subclinical shedding rates were higher in persons with symptomatic infection compared with asymptomatic infection (2708 of 20 735 days [13.1%; 95% CI, 11.5%-14.6%) vs 434 of 4929 days [8.8%; 95% CI, 6.3%-11.5%]) (P < .001). However, the amount of HSV detected during subclinical shedding episodes was similar (median, 4.3 [interquartile range, 3.1-5.6] log10 copies in the symptomatic infection group vs 4.2 [interquartile range, 2.9-5.5] in the asymptomatic infection group, P = .27). Days with lesions accounted for 2045 of 4753 days (43.0%; 95% CI, 39.8%-46.5%) with genital viral shedding among persons with symptomatic genital HSV-2 infection compared with 85 of 519 days (16.4%; 95% CI, 11.2%-23.9%) among persons with asymptomatic infection (P < .001).
Conclusion Persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection shed virus in the genital tract less frequently than persons with symptomatic infection, but much of the difference is attributable to less frequent genital lesions because lesions are accompanied by frequent viral shedding.
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections worldwide, with global estimates of 536 million infected persons and an annual incidence of 23.6 million cases among persons aged 15 to 49 years.1-3 In the United States, 16% of adults are HSV-2 seropositive,4 but only 10% to 25% of persons with HSV-2 infection have recognized genital herpes.5 Moreover, most HSV-2 infections are acquired from persons without a clinical history of genital herpes.6 Thus, the risk of sexual transmission does not correlate with the recognition of clinical signs and symptoms of HSV-2 but most likely correlates with viral mucosal shedding.7
Previous work that characterized genital shedding in seropositive asymptomatic persons suggested that most, if not all, persons with HSV-2 intermittently shed virus on the genital skin or mucosa, and most such persons recognized recurrences after learning the clinical signs and symptoms caused by HSV-2.5,8 However, the genital shedding rate was lower and the duration of lesional episodes was shorter among persons who were unaware of their HSV-2 status compared with those who had received a diagnosis of genital herpes. Whether these differences constitute perception, anatomic site, quantity of latently infected ganglionic cells, viral strain, or host immunity characteristics remains unclear. To better understand the biological differences between persons who do and do not recognize their HSV-2 infection, we compared the rates and patterns of genital HSV shedding in what is to date, to our knowledge, the largest cohort of HSV-2–seropositive persons with and without a history of genital herpes, using daily sampling and an extensively characterized HSV polymerase chain reaction assay.
Participants were enrolled into prospective studies of natural history of genital HSV infection at the University of Washington Virology Research Clinic in Seattle and the Westover Heights Clinic in Portland, Oregon, between March 1992 and April 2008. Inclusion criteria were age 18 years or older, HSV-2 infection as defined by the University of Washington Western blot, and good general health. None of the participants received antiviral medication during the study period, and all participants obtained 30 or more days' worth of daily swabs of the genital skin/mucosa.
Participants were recruited from the community by word of mouth and advertisements. They were provided per-visit compensation for time and travel costs.
Asymptomatic participants were identified as potential participants in a study of a candidate prophylactic HSV-2 vaccine, but were unexpectedly found to be HSV-2 seropositive, through screening for HSV antibodies by their providers as part of medical care or had partners with genital HSV-2 but were thought to be uninfected. All participants signed informed consent and the University of Washington institutional review board approved the study protocol.
Demographic information and medical and sexual history were collected with standardized forms. Race and ethnicity information was gathered from participants by self-report. Participants attended individual educational sessions on HSV-2, were shown pictures of both typical and atypical lesions, and were instructed to inspect the genital region for lesions daily and obtain swabs of their genital area, including any genital lesions. Men were instructed to swab first the penile skin and then the perineum and the perianal areas.9 Women were instructed to insert the swab into the vagina and then swab the vulva, the perineum, and the perianal areas.10 Swabs were placed into vials containing 1 mL of polymerase chain reaction transport medium and stored at 4°C until laboratory processing. Each participant kept a diary of genital lesions and symptoms.10 Participants visited the clinic every 2 weeks for symptom review and collection of swabs.
Herpes simplex virus serostatus was determined with the University of Washington Western blot.11 A real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay with primers to glycoprotein B was used to detect HSV DNA.12 A result was considered positive if greater than 150 copies of HSV DNA per milliliter of polymerase chain reaction buffer were detected.13 To detect contamination, 15 HSV-negative controls were included in each 96-well plate; no contaminants were detected.
Participants were classified as having symptomatic HSV-2 infection if they had a clinical history of genital herpes at their diagnosis.14 Participants had asymptomatic HSV-2 infection if they did not have a history of symptomatic genital herpes before the serologic diagnosis of HSV-2, and thus the diagnosis was based on the positive antibody test result for HSV-2. For most participants, the time of the serologic diagnosis coincided with study entry, but some participants may have received an HSV-2–seropositive test result before study entry. We further subdivided the participants without genital herpes but who had received a serologic HSV-2 diagnosis into those who remained asymptomatic and those who developed manifestations of genital herpes during the follow-up. Genital shedding was defined as detection of HSV in the genital area. Clinical viral shedding was defined as shedding on days with lesions consistent with genital herpes. Subclinical genital shedding was defined as days on which HSV was detected in the absence of lesions. We defined shedding episodes as consecutive HSV-positive swab results; those that were preceded and followed by 2 consecutive negative swab results were deemed to have known duration.15
Genital shedding rates were calculated by using the number of days with positive swab results divided by the total number of days with swabs collected for each subject. Confidence intervals (CIs) for average shedding and lesion rates were computed with an intercept-only Poisson regression model, which correctly accounts for multiple samples per person. In cases in which raw rates and model-predicted rates differ by more than 1%, both are provided. The amount of virus shed per sample was quantified as log10 copies per milliliter. The annualized episode rate was calculated by scaling the number of shedding episodes to the follow-up period. Categories for variables such as age and recurrences per year were determined by using quantiles because graphic investigation demonstrated a lack of linear relationship. Years since acquisition were categorized according to previous work showing that shedding decreases the first year after HSV-2 acquisition and then stabilizes.16 The Wilcoxon rank sum was used when continuous data were not normally distributed to calculate P values. The χ2 test was used for categorical data, and the t test was used for normally distributed continuous data. To characterize the predictors of genital shedding, Poisson regression analyses were performed, including a scale parameter for overdispersion.17 Variables that were hypothesized to be predictors of genital shedding included age, sex, race, sexual preference, HSV-1 seropositivity, frequency of herpes recurrences, and a history of symptomatic genital HSV-2 infection.15,18 The multivariate model was determined through backward elimination. Variables with P < .10 in the univariate model were included in the initial multivariate model and then removed individually if P = .05. A 2-sided P value of .05 was considered to be statistically significant. A post hoc 2-sample test for repeated-measures binary data was performed to determine power: with outcome rates of 10% to 20%, we had at least 80% power to detect risk ratios equal to or less than 0.7 and equal to or greater than 1.2.17 Statistical analyses were performed with SAS, version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina).
Four hundred ninety-eight HSV-2–seropositive, healthy participants collected at least 30 days' worth of genital swabs and were included in the analysis. The mean age of study participants was 40.7 years (SD, 11.0) (Table 1). Two hundred fifteen (43.2%) participants were men and 283 (56.8%) participants were women. Two hundred sixty-eight (53.8%) participants were HSV-2 seropositive only, whereas 230 (46.2%) participants were HSV-1 and HSV-2 coinfected. Most participants were white (401; 80.5%), 32 (6.4%) were African American, and 65 (13.1%) were other races or unknown. Most participants (325; 65.3%) were heterosexual and 68 (13.7%) were men who had sex with men; sexual behavior was not collected for 104 (20.9%). The mean age at sexual debut was 16.6 years (SD, 2.9).
Four hundred ten participants (82.3%) reported symptomatic genital herpes infection, whereas 88 (17.7%) participants were asymptomatic when they had serologically documented HSV-2 infection. Among persons with symptomatic genital herpes, the median time since HSV-2 infection was 8.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 2.5-16.8) and the median number of self-reported recurrences per year was 4 (IQR, 2-8).
Overall, there were 33 113 days of observation; of these, 28 753 had genital swabs available for analysis. HSV DNA was detected in 5272 of 28 753 swabs (18.3%; 95% CI, 16.7%-20.1%). Participants were observed for a median of 57 days (IQR, 47-62) (Table 1). The overall genital shedding rate was significantly higher in persons with symptomatic infection than with asymptomatic infection, 4753 of 23 683 days (20.1%; 95% CI, 18.3%-22.0%) vs 519 of 5070 days (10.2%; 95% CI, 7.7%-13.6%; P < .001). Genital HSV was detected at least once in 342 of 410 persons (83.4%; 95% CI, 79.8%-87.0%) with symptomatic HSV-2 infection and in 60 of 88 (68.2%; 95% CI, 58.5%-77.9%) persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection (Figure 1).
No genital lesions were reported on 25 664 days of follow-up (89.3% vs the model-predicted per-person rate of 87.9%; 95% CI, 86.3%-89.3%), and HSV was detected on 3142 (12.2%; 95% CI, 10.8%-13.5%) of those days. Subclinical genital shedding rates were higher in persons with symptomatic infection compared with asymptomatic infection (2708 of 20 735 [13.1%; 95% CI, 11.5%-14.6%] vs 434 of 4929 [8.8%; 95% CI, 6.3%-11.5%]; P < .001).
Genital lesions were reported on 3089 days with polymerase chain reaction swabs (10.7% vs model-predicted lesion rate of 12.1%; 95% CI, 10.7%-13.7%), including 2130 days (69.0%; 95% CI, 58.4%-72.7%) on which genital HSV was detected. During prospective follow-up, 262 (63.9%; 95% CI, 59.2%-68.5%) persons enrolled with symptomatic HSV-2 infection reported genital lesions at least once. In addition, 19 (21.6%; 95% CI, 13.0%-30.2%) persons who had asymptomatic, serologically diagnosed HSV-2 infection recognized lesions during the follow-up. The frequency of lesions during the study was higher among persons with symptomatic vs asymptomatic genital HSV-2 (3259 of 26 777 days [12.2% vs the model-predicted per-person rate of 13.9%; 95% CI, 12.2%-15.6%]) compared with 194 of 6336 days [3.1%; 95% CI, 2.3%-6.4%]; P < .001).
Overall, on days with detectable HSV, the median log10 copy number was 4.9 (IQR, 3.4-6.3). The median HSV log10 copy number was significantly higher among persons with symptomatic than asymptomatic infection, 4.9 (IQR, 3.5-6.3) vs 4.5 (IQR, 3.2-5.8), respectively (P < .001) (Figure 2). The median amount of HSV detected in the presence of lesions was also higher compared with the amount of HSV detected in the absence of lesions, 5.6 log10 (IQR, 4.3-6.7) vs 4.3 log10 (IQR, 3.1-5.6) copies/mL, respectively (P < .001) (Figure 2). However, the median amount of HSV detected during subclinical genital shedding episodes was similar in persons with symptomatic and asymptomatic infection (4.3 [IQR, 3.1-5.6] vs 4.2 [IQR, 2.9-5.5] log10 copies/mL; P = .27). Among persons with symptomatic genital herpes, 2708 (56.9%; 95% CI, 53.4%-59.6%) days of shedding were subclinical compared with 434 (83.6%; 95% CI, 69.4%-92.3%) days among persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection.
Viral shedding episodes associated with genital lesions were significantly longer than those without lesions (median 5.0 [IQR, 3.0-9.0] vs 2.0 [IQR, 1.0-3.5] days; P < .001). Persons with symptomatic infection had more frequent genital shedding episodes compared with persons with asymptomatic infection (median 17.9 [IQR, 11.9-27.1] vs 12.5 [IQR, 8.5-19.8] episodes per year; P = .004). In all persons, longer shedding episode duration was associated with higher maximum log10 copy number detected (R2 = 0.34) (eFigure).
In univariate analyses, persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection had a shedding rate of 10.2% compared with a rate of 20.1% among persons with symptomatic genital herpes (risk ratio [RR] = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.38-0.68; P < .001) (Table 2). A higher number of recurrences per year was found to be a predictor of genital shedding. Persons with 8 or more recurrences per year had a shedding rate of 30.7% compared with 19.1% among persons with 1 to 7 recurrences per year (RR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.27-2.03; P < .001). Persons of white race had a higher viral shedding rate than persons reporting nonwhite race (20.0% vs 10.8%; RR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.22-2.60; P = .003). Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection did not influence the risk of HSV-2 genital shedding, with a shedding rate of 18.2% for persons with HSV-1 and HSV-2 vs 18.4% for persons with HSV-2 alone (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.83-1.19; P = .91).
In the adjusted multivariate model, the risk for genital shedding remained lower among persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection compared with those with symptomatic infection (RR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.77; P < .001). Higher number of recurrences per year and white race also remained predictive of higher genital shedding rate in the adjusted analysis (Table 2).
Asymptomatic infection was associated with lower rates of shedding in univariate analyses, with a shedding rate of 8.5% vs 12.9% among persons with symptomatic infection (RR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91; P = .01) (Table 2). Women had a slightly increased subclinical genital shedding rate compared with men, 13.2% of days vs 10.6% (RR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.99-1.56; P = .06). Subclinical viral shedding was also more frequent among persons of white race compared with persons of other races, 12.9% vs 8.4% (RR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.11-2.11; P = .01). Persons with 8 or greater recurrences per year had a viral shedding rate of 18.9% vs 12.7% among persons reporting 1 to 7 recurrences per year (RR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.09-2.03; P = .01). HSV-1 infection did not influence the risk of subclinical HSV-2 genital shedding, 11.9% for persons with HSV-1 and HSV-2 vs 12.2% for HSV-2–only seropositive persons (RR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23; P = .89).
In the multivariate model, the risk for subclinical genital shedding among persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection remained lower compared with that of persons with symptomatic infection (RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.51-1.02; P = .06). White race and frequent recurrences also remained significant predictors of higher subclinical shedding (Table 2).
In univariate analyses, persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection had lower rates of genital lesions compared with those with symptomatic HSV-2 infection, 3.8% vs 13.8%, respectively (RR = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.17-0.47; P < .001) (Table 3). No differences in lesion rates were observed by HSV-1 status, with lesion rates of 11.4% for persons infected with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 compared with 12.5% for persons with HSV-2 only (RR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.72-1.18; P = .50). Persons of white race had a higher genital lesion rate compared with persons of other races, 13.3% vs 6.5% (RR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.37-3.10; P = .001).
In the multivariate model, the risk for genital lesions among persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection remained lower compared with that of persons with symptomatic infection (RR = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.16-0.45; P < .001). Persons reporting white race also had a persistently higher genital lesion rate.
Among the 88 persons who had asymptomatic HSV-2 infection, 19 persons reported genital signs and symptoms during follow-up. The participants who recognized lesions were slightly older than those who remained asymptomatic (mean age 45 years, SD 9.6 years vs mean age 42 years, SD 9.5 years; P < .001), but there were no differences in sex, race, or frequency of HSV-1 coinfection. The genital HSV shedding rate was 18.7% (227 of 1211 days) among persons in the asymptomatic group who reported genital lesions during the follow-up compared with 7.6% (292 of 3859 days) among the persons who remained without any clinical manifestations of HSV-2 infection (RR = 2.47; 95% CI, 1.46-4.19; P < .001). The median log10 copy number among the participants who reported lesions was 4.8 (IQR, 3.7-6.6) compared with 4.1 (IQR, 2.9-5.4) among persons who remained asymptomatic (P < .001). Among persons in the asymptomatic group who reported genital lesion during follow-up, the subclinical viral shedding rate was 13.3% (142 of 1070 days) compared with 7.6% (292 of 3859) of days among persons who remained without any clinical manifestations of HSV-2 infection (RR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.03-3.38; P = .04), but the copy number on subclinical shedding days was similar.
The uncertainty regarding the optimal management of asymptomatic persons who receive an HSV-2–seropositive test result derives in part from lack of information about the natural history of such infection. To address this gap, we prospectively evaluated a large cohort of HSV-2–seropositive persons to determine the patterns of genital viral shedding among persons with symptomatic and asymptomatic genital HSV-2 infection. We found that the risk for genital shedding was twice as high and the risk for lesions almost 3 times as high among persons with symptomatic genital HSV-2 infection. However, even among persons with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection, genital HSV shedding occurred on 10% of days, and almost all of it—84%—was subclinical. The quantity of virus (the median genital log10 copy number) shed subclinically was similar in persons with symptomatic and asymptomatic infection. Lesions were associated with a higher quantity of virus shed compared with that in subclinical shedding. In addition, higher quantity of virus shed was associated with longer shedding duration.
These findings extend earlier observations that genital HSV shedding in persons who are seropositive for this virus is likely universal but that the clinical manifestations of disease differ widely.5,8 Recent reports of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltrations into genital lesions that appear to persist for many months in the genital tract even in the absence of clinically evident ulcerations suggest that the immune system is actively surveilling the sites of HSV-2 reactivation.19 However, the immune containment is imperfect, reflecting the inability of the immune response to control the reactivation, the almost constant release of herpes simplex virions from neuronal endings,7 or both.
Despite the observation that biologically HSV-2 infection is best characterized along a continuum, we dichotomized our population into "symptomatic" and "asymptomatic" to mirror how the diagnosis is made in clinical practice: mostly on the basis of clinical presentation, but increasingly by type-specific serologic assays, which became commercially available in the United States in 1999. A similar dichotomy is often used in serologic surveys that assess whether HSV-2 antibody is associated with a previous diagnosis of genital herpes; usually only 10% to 25% of HSV-2–seropositive persons will have a history of genital herpes.5,20,21 Further work is required to define to what extent this dichotomy reflects viral or host factors. However, even among persons with a history of genital HSV-2 infection, the spectrum of clinical disease is large, and our findings show that the virologic spectrum is also broad, with substantial overlap across the 2 groups. In addition, a substantial proportion of initially asymptomatic persons will recognize recurrent genital herpes once they receive a diagnosis and are educated,5 as evidenced by the participants in this study with "asymptomatic" infection who observed genital lesions during the follow-up period. The lowest rates of viral shedding were among persons who remained asymptomatic throughout the study, although HSV-2 was still detected on more than 5% of days.
Our study collected more than 28 000 genital swabs from 498 persons infected with HSV-2. Because the collection of genital swabs is time consuming, it is possible that participants who were concerned about genital HSV-2 infection were more likely to participate in this study. Because participants with asymptomatic HSV-2 infection were recruited in the absence of symptoms, it is unlikely that the asymptomatic cohort was inherently biased toward individuals with more severe HSV-2 infections. However, it is possible that a population-based study of genital herpes would have found milder disease among participants with a history of genital herpes. All genital swabs used for analysis were self-collected because we have shown previously that such swabs are as likely to yield virus as those collected by clinicians.22 Our previous work has established that despite variations in the number of swabs collected by each participant, the shedding rates accurately represent virologic behavior.8
Our large cohort allowed us to detect several associations between demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants and the viral shedding. Several of the associations were small and their clinical relevance is uncertain. The similar shedding rate between men and women, both for overall and subclinical shedding, confirmed that men have subclinical shedding on normal-appearing genital skin. In addition, infection with HSV-1 does not affect the frequency of HSV-2 reactivation, outside the early initial genital HSV-2 acquisition.23 In this cohort, nonwhite persons had a lower viral shedding rate, but they represented a relatively small proportion of the cohort. Other studies have also suggested a differential response of African Americans to famciclovir.24 As host genetic predictors of severity of HSV disease are identified, further work is needed to understand the potential for the gene-environment interactions in this infection.25,26
The finding that the quantity of virus shed during subclinical episodes is comparable in symptomatic and asymptomatic persons underscores the epidemiologic observations that the risk of HSV-2 transmission is high from persons with unrecognized HSV-2 infection. Most likely, there is a relationship between the risk of HSV-2 transmission and frequency and quantity of virus shed. In human immunodeficiency virus, in which this relationship has been characterized, the risk is higher at higher virus RNA loads, but the population that has very high viral load may be relatively small.27,28 Thus, the risk of transmission is likely a function of both the frequency of shedding and the amount of virus present. The inoculum necessary for HSV-2 transmission to sexual partners is unknown, but neonatal HSV transmission,29 as well as findings from the valacyclovir transmission trial,30 suggest that even a quantitatively moderate shedding episode can result in transmission.7
Our findings suggest that "best practices" management of HSV-2–infected persons who learn that they are infected from serologic testing should include anticipatory guidance with regard to genital symptoms, as well as counseling about the potential for transmission. The issue of infectivity is both a patient management and a public health concern. The primary concern of many HSV-2–seropositive persons is the risk of transmission to sexual partners; in our experience this is the main source of angst in patients with genital herpes.31 Several methods have been identified that partly reduce the risk of HSV-2 transmission to sexual partners. Condom use, daily valacyclovir therapy, and disclosure of HSV-2 serostatus each approximately halve the risk of HSV-2 transmission.30,32,33 However, these approaches reach a small portion of the population and have not had an influence on HSV-2 seroprevalence in the last decade.4 One of the reasons for such a limited effect is that few people are aware of their genital HSV-2 infection, and routine serologic testing, although available commercially, is recommended only in limited settings.34 We hope that these data will result in further discussions regarding control programs for HSV-2 in the United States.
Corresponding Author: Anna Wald, MD, MPH, University of Washington Virology Research Clinic, Box 359928, 325 Ninth Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 (firstname.lastname@example.com).
Author Contributions: Dr Wald had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Study concept and design: Tronstein, Corey, Wald.
Acquisition of data: Huang, Warren, Corey, Wald.
Analysis and interpretation of data: Tronstein, Johnston, Selke, Magaret, Corey, Wald.
Drafting of the manuscript: Tronstein, Johnston, Selke, Wald.
Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Tronstein, Johnston, Huang, Magaret, Warren, Corey, Wald.
Statistical analysis: Tronstein, Johnston, Selke, Magaret, Corey, Wald.
Obtained funding: Corey, Wald.
Administrative, technical, or material support: Huang, Corey, Wald.
Study supervision: Johnston, Corey, Wald.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Ms Tronstein, Ms Selke, and Dr Huang all reported receiving research support from National Institutes of Health (NIH) P01AI030731. Dr Johnston reported receiving research support from NIH K23AI079394 and having received funding from GlaxoSmithKline and AiCuris. Dr Magaret reported receiving funding from NIH (P01AI030731 and K24AI071113) and consulting for Immune Design. Ms Warren reported having received research support from AiCuris and having served on the GlaxoSmithKline speakers' bureau. Dr Corey reported receiving research support from NIH (P01AI030731, R37AI042528) and consulting for AiCuris; he reports being listed as a coinventor on several patents describing antigens and epitopes to which T-cell responses to HSV-2 are directed (these proteins have the potential to be used in candidate vaccines against HSV), and he has received fees for serving as the head of the scientific advisory board of Immune Design, including equity shares that are less than 1% ownership. Dr Wald reported receiving research support from NIH (K24AI071113, P01AI030731) and GlaxoSmithKline and consulting for AiCuris.
Funding/Support: This work was supported by NIH grants PO1A1030731 and K24 AI 071113.
Role of the Sponsor: The NIH has had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Additional Contributions: We are indebted to the study participants and the study clinicians.


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ホーム > アーティスト > 演奏家(クラシック) > エマ・カークビー (Emma Kirkby)
Emma Kirkby had originally no intention of becoming a professional singer. She read Classics at Oxford and was a schoolteacher for a while, but after a period as a member of various choirs and small ensembles mainly specialising in Renaissance and Baroque music she joined The Taverner Choir, and two years later began her long-lasting association with The Consort of Musicke. She took part in the early Florilegium recordings with The Consort of Musicke and The Academy of Ancient Music, and working here with original instruments became aware of the need to develop a new kind of vocal tone; this problem she had to solve herself with the help of Jessica Cash in London and various early music specialists, including instrumentalists and conductors as well as fellow-singers. Emma Kirkby has more than a hundred recordings to her name. They range from the sequences of Hildegard of Bingen to Italian and English madrigals, Baroque cantatas and oratorios, and works by Mozart and Haydn. Her preferred platform is still in live performance with groups such as Britain's London Baroque, the Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment, Fretwork, and Florilegium, Canada's Tafelmusik, and continental colleagues, including Concerto Copenhagen, L'Orfeo of Linz, Freiburger Barockorchester.
© Naxos Japan, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Watson Keeps Entertaining Sherlock Holmes Chugging Along
- Christian Hamaker Crosswalk.com Contributing Writer
- 2009 25 Dec
DVD Release Date: March 30, 2010
Theatrical Release Date: December 25, 2009
Rating: PG-13 (for intense sequences of violence and action, some startling images and a scene of suggestive material)
Genre: Mystery, Action/Adventure
Run Time: 128 min.
Director: Guy Ritchie
Actors: Robert Downey Jr., Jude Law, Rachel McAdams, Mark Strong, Eddie Marsan, Kelly Reilly, William Hope
In a year of popular franchise extensions (harry potter and the half-blood prince) and reboots (star trek), who would have thought that the most satisfying entertainment of the lot would be a reinvention of Sherlock Holmes?
Popularized on film decades ago by Basil Rathbone and brought briefly back to the screen in the mid-1980s courtesy of producer Steven Spielberg and director Barry Levinson (The Young Sherlock Holmes), the cerebral detective wouldn't seem to have much of a niche to carve out among today's spectacle-driven audience, dominated by teens who have, at best, read one or two Holmes stories as part of their English classes.
Leave it to action producer Joel Silver (Die Hard, Lethal Weapon, The Matrix) to help bring the tale back to movie screens, with the title character reinvented as a Fight Club hobbyist who studies and practices the most effective body blows for defeating opponents twice his size.
Yes, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's detective has been reinvented for the jason bourne age—toned, good-looking and able to fight and win in fisticuffs or mind games with opponents who are imposing, to say the least. Adding to all the brawn and brains is a dash of romance with a former lady love, Irene Adler (Rachel McAdams). But the main chemistry is between Holmes (Robert Downey Jr.) and Dr. Watson (Jude Law), a sidekick who just can't kick the habit of helping Holmes solve another case.
The story opens as the duo finishes their supposed final case together. Watson, preparing to marry his fiancée (Kelly Reilly), is also moving his office from Holmes' digs at 221B Baker St., much to the chagrin of those who will be left behind with the erratic Holmes. The detective spends his evenings firing his pistol into his wall and otherwise creating a sense of dread and unease among the other residents.
Dread and unease define the mood of many Londoners who have come to believe that Lord Blackwell (Mark Strong)—executed for the murders of several women—has returned from the grave. Blackwell's whispered warning to Holmes about impending spiritual chaos following his death appears to be playing out. Through the overtures of Adler, who is rumored to be Holmes' equal in intellect, or perhaps his superior, Holmes is drawn into the mystery surrounding Blackwell.
The tale takes on macabre, even occult elements as it explores a secret society that Blackwell heads up, and his grandiose plans to reclaim the American colonies and conquer the world.
If the film has a notable misstep, it comes in keeping Watson off-screen for much of the story's final stretch. The playful tension between Holmes and Watson that defines the film's first half isn't matched by the interplay between Holmes and Adler, or Holmes and Blackwell. Only after Watson re-emerges does the film get back on track, building to an exciting, if predictable, finale.
Sherlock Holmes includes some disturbing spiritual material, and Holmes' ambivalence (at best) about religious faith is only reaffirmed in this tale. However, given the villain's religious hubris, the story's ending proves more satisfactory than offensive (Proverbs 3:34; Proverbs 8:13; Proverbs 11:2). This is a well-made entertainment, with the promise of even better chapters to come.
Questions? Comments? Contact the writer at email@example.com.
- Language/Profanity: "Good G-d!"; "d-mn."
- Smoking/Drinking/Drugs: Cigar and pipe smoking; wine is poured and consumed; men drink to their allegiance; a ship captain is said to drink like a fish.
- Sex/Nudity: Woman shown taking off a towel; we see only her upper back; Holmes is shown naked, cuffed to a bed, with a pillow covering his groin area; Holmes removes Watson's belt and says, "Don't get excited"; Holmes says he's woken up before in handcuffs, naked.
- Violence/Crime: Guns are loaded and fired; a man with a dagger is restrained from committing violence; a bare-knuckles brawl in a ring between two men; body blows are shown in slow motion, with voiceover narration describing the science behind why the wounds are particularly crippling; a jail guard writhes on the ground, apparently possessed; a man is hanged, accused of the deaths of multiple women; Holmes leaps out of a high window; a woman puts a knife to a man's neck and fights off his accomplice; a corpse in a coffin is shown with maggots on his face; frog dissection shown; multiple electric shocks are given; a man drowns; a man fires a gun, bursts into flame and falls out a window; pig carcasses are sawed in half, and a woman nearly suffers the same fate; a tripwire triggers several explosions; a neck wound is shown up close; fingers are cut and blood drips as part of ceremony; a kick to the groin; a headbutt; Holmes appears to have hanged himself but turns out to be studying how to appear to hang oneself without actually doing it; a corpse is shown by a sewer.
- Gambling: A brief reference to Watson's fondness for gambling and to his claim that he's reformed.
- Marriage: Watson is engaged and worries that Holmes may prevent his nuptials; Holmes tells a woman he's just met that, based on the details of her appearance, she's between husbands.
- Religion: Blackwell reads from Revelation and promises spiritual chaos; later, after his death, a man claims to have seen him walking in the cemetery resurrected; drawings on a wall include religious imagery; a palm-reader reads a man's palm; a man exclaims, "Blackwood lives, and devil walks with him!" and another says, "Blackwood's come back from hell and laid a curse upon this land"; a member of a secret society, the Temple of the Four Orders, speaks of their "faith" and of Blackwood's conception during one of their religious rituals, as well as of supernatural powers that were enhanced through Blackwood's killing of several women; Holmes says he finds modern religion "troubling"; Blackwood claims Revelation 1:18 as speaking about himself; "the devil's due a soul," a character explains; a man falls to his death.


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Mvt. 3
p. [10c]
Moscheles, Ignaz
Concerto for piano and orchestra, no. 4, op. 64, in E major : autograph manuscript, 1823 Mar. 18.
Concertos, piano, orchestra, no. 4, op. 64, E major
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Plan your visit. 225 Madison Avenue at 36th Street, New York, NY 10016.


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Dublin is at the cross-roads between the I-680 and I-580 and Alameda County and Contra Costa County and attracts shoppers to Burlington Coat Factory (I liked it better when it was Montgomery Wards), Target, Petsmart, and Performance Bicycles, all in the same shopping center. There used to be a fat ladies (oops, large size) boutique there where I could find attractive clothes that fit me, but it's long gone now.
I liked the convenience of the Dublin BART when I needed to go into San Francisco. There was always a lot of free parking, and it was easy to spot from Dublin Blvd. because of the wavy roofline. Now of course apartment buildings block the view from Dublin Blvd and the parking costs a dollar and the lot is usually full by early morning.
Dublin has grown a lot in the last ten years, and not all of it has been an improvement. I'm on the e-mail list for the Around Dublin blog, which tends to be something of a tabloid blog, but it's interesting to see the comments by readers against the high-density apartments and the lack of a promised new High School.
When Janet Lockhart was Mayor of Dublin, she said on TV30's Mayor's Report that plans were to increase Dublin's population to 50,000. I don't recall the details, and maybe someone can add this information, but according to Lockhart cities with a population of 50,000 or more get advantages from the State.
Dublin is closing in on that 50,000 number now. Here are the population numbers from the City's website:
"From a population of approximately 14,300 in 1982, the City of Dublin has grown to a resident population of 46,743 (per the California Department of Finance, 2011). The City has consistently been one of the fastest growing cities in Alameda County for the past several years, and the City is projected to have a total population of between 65,000 and 70,000 at build out."
That would make the population of Dublin about the same as San Ramon is now.
When I drove down to Hacienda Crossings last week to see The Artist, I was surprised to see a housing development going up on Dougherty Road, near Dublin Blvd. The buildings looked like duplexes or triplexes. The builder is Kaufman and Broad, which Ms. Bunny recently described as "scourge of the building industry in tract housing." Indeed, the buildings look tacky and the location isn't very desirable either. This isn't like anything I've seen in San Ramon and isn't likely to be.
One thing Dublin has that San Ramon doesn't but needs, is a Civic Center. This consists of a very attractive City Hall building with a theater-like auditorium for Council meetings. The City Hall shares Civic Plaza with the Dublin Library on the other side of the parking lot. This is a nice Civic Center, without all of the retail proposed for San Ramon's City Center, but then Dublin has shopping centers all over town.
San Ramon is planning more big box retail to keep sales taxes from leaking to Dublin. Because of recent growth and retail plans, San Ramon is being called San Dublin now by critics who say we are too much like Dublin.
Hey, San Ramon used to be San Dublin. In the early '60's the only local government agency in the area was the Valley Community Services District (VCSD), which at that time was responsible for fire protection, sewer and water services, and parks.
The VCSD increased its Board of Directors to five in 1961 with representatives from Dublin and San Ramon. The District was renamed the Dublin San Ramon Services District in 1977. Representation on the DSRSD Board of Directors was always shared between the two Cities until 2002, when Cynthia Jones from San Ramon lost to Tom Ford from Dublin and all five Directors on the Dublin San Ramon Services District have been from Dublin for the last ten years.
I ran as the San Ramon candidate in 2004 and 2010. Since more of Dublin votes in DSRSD elections, I lost both times. It wasn't just me either. Mohinder Khanna, a resident of Dougherty Valley with 36 years of experience in water and sewer systems, lost in 2006.
This year could be different if someone from San Ramon runs. I'm too old and tired to go through that again, but I hope someone from San Ramon will make the Dublin San Ramon Services District into San Dublin again.


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2023 Honda Ridgeline RTL
Stock # PB0192525FPYK3F54PB0192523.5L V6 engineAutomatic24Crystal Black Pearl exterior
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text: We'd all like to make more money and 2013 brings with it the hope that the economy will continue to grow. However, according to a recent survey from Janco and eJobDescription.com that growth will be modest and IT professionals specifically can expect to see only small gains in the salary department for 2013.\n\nJanco is a management consulting firm that works specifically with management information systems. Its survey data includes data points from more than 249 large companies and 785 mid-sized companies. Janco and eJobDescription.com are jointly releasing the 2013 Salary Survey using data compiled from Q4 of last year."Salaries are up 1.98 percent for IT pros in the past 12 months and the big winners are CIO s, especially those in larger enterprises," says Victor Janulaitis, CEO of Janco. Not only are salaries are up, but CIO tenure has gained a month as well, moving up from the previous year's four years and two months to four years and three months.Mid-size companies have seen the most growth in the salary department up 2.39 percent while larger enterprises lag behind up only 1.61 percent. IT pros in all size companies on average gained around $1,500 annually up from $77,773 to $79,312. According to Janco's data, urban\/metropolitan areas across North America have seen the most improvements in salaries for IT professionals.IT Execs and CIOs Top the ListIT executives and CIOs have gained the most, according to the survey's data. "Over the long term IT executives have fared better in mid-sized companies than large companies," says Janulaitis. CIOs in companies surveyed had compensation packages that were up on average 1.6 percent in mid-sized enterprises and 6.04 percent in larger companies.Another good sign, says Janulaitis: "Outsourcing has peaked and companies are looking to bring IT operations back into their direct control. A number of enterprises are moving help desks and data center operations in-house, which has resulted in an increase demand for data center managers. "The news isn't all good however, though lay-offs have slowed, companies are still in cost-control mode. This can be seen with the increase in part-time and contract workers across the IT spectrum. The survey also notes that 82 percent of employees have health benefits, but those employees are sharing more of that cost than in years past.Related Story: How to Revive a Stalled Job SearchIT Jobs in the Highest DemandPositions seeing the highest demand are those associated with the quality control, records management and data center operations management. The mandated requirements for records management systems and electronic medical records have increased the demand for quality control staff and custodians (librarians) of mechanized records. This is becoming huge specifically for Healthcare IT with the looming IDC-10 update and EMR adoption. Rich Hein is a senior writer for CIO.com. He covers IT careers. Follow everything from CIO.com on Twitter @CIOonline, on Facebook, and on Google +.