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Children of recent immigrants are more likely to make sick visits to the doctor if their mothers see themselves as targets of ethnic or language-based discrimination, NYU psychology researchers have found.
Their study, which appeared in the journal Health Psychology, provides new evidence that perceptions of discrimination by a mother could have a negative effect on the health of her child within the first 14 months of her child's life.
Previous scholarship has shown associations between discrimination and health. More recently, researchers have found that a mother's psychological response to discrimination—notably, high levels of stress during pregnancy—may have implications for the health of her child, such as low birth weight.
In the Health Psychology study, the NYU researchers explore the possibility that perceptions of discrimination may be associated with the health of young children.
To do so, they interviewed 98 immigrant mothers from the Dominican Republic and Mexico who had normally developing 14-month-old children. To gauge perceptions of ethnic and language discrimination, they adapted an established survey, the Everyday Discrimination Scale, which asks such questions as: "How often have you been treated poorly at work by supervisors because of your ethnicity," or "How often have you been treated with less courtesy than other people because of how you wrote or spoke English?" The mothers also reported the number of times their child visited the doctor for well-visits (regular checkups) and for sick visits (trips to the hospital or emergency room, a clinic, or a private office visit because the child was ill).
The study employed a commonly used survey instrument, The Ethnic Identity Scale, drawing upon responses to a pair of questions: "I have a strong sense of belonging to my ethnic group," and "I feel a strong attachment to my ethnic group."
Their findings showed distinctions between recent immigrants (those who had been in the U.S. about three years, on average) and those who had been in the U.S. for longer periods (about 14 years, on average), as well as between perceptions of language and ethnic discrimination. Among more recent immigrants, greater perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination were both associated with more frequent sick-child visits, but only among those who reported less attachment to their ethnic group. The associations between both forms of perceived discrimination and sick-child visits were not observed among recent immigrant mothers reporting high ethnic-group attachment. By contrast, among more established immigrants, perceived language-based discrimination was associated with more frequent sick-child visits across all levels of ethnic-group attachment.
The study's co-authors were David Amodio, an associate professor, and May Ling Halim, a doctoral student, both in NYU's Department of Psychology, as well as Hirokazu Yoshikawa, a principal investigator at NYU's Center for Research on Culture, Development, and Education and currently a professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education.


text:
GU272 Memory Project logo
Credit: American Ancestors
Note: Vector version available
Contact: Jim Power (firstname.lastname@example.com)
First page of the GU272 Bill of Sale, dated June 19, 1838
Courtesy of the Georgetown Slavery Archive
Credit: Courtesy of the Georgetown Slavery Archive
Contact for more information: Adam Rothman
GU272 Descendant Collage
Photos of Donna Comeaux's family -- Donna is a GU272 descendant
Photo credit: Photo by Claire Vail
Mr. Frank Campbell, one of the GU272
The only known photograph of one of the GU272, Mr. Frank Campbell. The two girls in the photo are unidentified.
Graphic representation of one of the GU272
Credit: American Ancestors
Dr. Linda Mann, VP of Research for the Georgetown Memory Project
Richard Cellini, Founder of the Georgetown Memory Project
Antoinette Baines, GU272 descendant (Harris family)
90-year-old Antoinette Baines is a descendant of the Harris family. She lives in California..
Photo credit: Claire Vail
Carolyn Smith, GU272 descendant (Queen Family)
Carolyn Smith gesturing toward gravestones of descendants of enslaved people in Houma, Louisiana. Behind her are sugar plantations and the sugar mill where her ancestors worked.
Photo credit: Claire Vail
Old Sharecropper Cabins in Raceland, Louisiana
Photo Credit: Claire Vail
American Ancestors Interviewing the GU272 in Baton Rouge
Photo credit: Claire Vail
Dr. Linda Mann interviewing a GU272 descendant
Graphic representing the GU272 Memory Project

subset: commoncrawl


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[[Bria|See Configuration Details]]
[[Bria|See Configuration Details]]

Revision as of 16:40, 1 July 2022
A softphone is a software program for making telephone calls over the Internet using a general purpose computer, tablet or smartphone, rather than using dedicated hardware. Often a softphone is designed to behave like a traditional telephone, sometimes appearing as an image of a phone with a display panel and buttons with which the user can interact. A softphone is usually used with a headset connected to the sound card of the PC, or as an installed app on your phone. See also: Smartphone
Take a peek at VoIP.ms Blog Article : Back to Basics, What is a Softphone and How to Leverage It?
Product: Acrobits
Company: Acrobits
OS: IOS, Android
Overview: Acrobits is a mobile software development company with a focus on SIP Clients for mobile devices; their SIP client, Acrobits Softphone, is the leading app of it's type on the iTunes App Store.
Bria Mobile
Product: Bria Mobile
Company: CounterPath
OS: Windows, MacOS, Linux (Ubuntu), iOS, Android
Overview: Bria 5 is a carrier-grade next generation softphone application that enables you to manage your communications easily and efficiently – all from your computer desktop. Replacing or complementing your hard phone, the Bria softphone allows you to make VoIP and Video calls over IP, see when your contacts are available, send Instant Messages and transfer files with ease and efficiency.
Bria Mobile for Andoid and IOS is a highly secure, standards-based mobile VoIP softphone that works over both 3G and Wi-Fi networks.
Using the device's existing contact list, Bria Android Edition facilitates easy and effective communication management with an intuitive interface. Deskphone-class calling functionality includes the ability to swap between two calls, merge calls and perform attended and unattended transfers.
Bria Solo
Product: Bria Solo
Company: CounterPath
OS: Windows, MacOS, iOS, Android
Overview: Bria Solo provides desktop and mobile softphone applications that facilitate best-in-class calling and robust call control features.
Whether used for inbound or outbound calls, Bria makes it easy to integrate contacts from various sources, streamline communications, and manage calls from one easy-to-use interface.
Bria Teams
Product: Bria Teams
Company: CounterPath
OS: Windows, MacOS, iOS, Android
Overview: Team Communication made Easy Bria Teams helps you regain productivity by streamlining all team communications into one application across your devices. With Bria's provisioning, it's easy to get your team talking.
It offers a softphone that helps you gain productivity by streamlining all team communications into one application. It has all the tools you need in one interface, across your devices and can be managed by one simple dashboard.
Product: cd26
Company: cd26
Overview: Dialer+ is a SIP-based softphone for iPhone , iPod touch and iPad
Standard Phone Features
- Fast Contact Search – Use phone pad to find contacts by names, initials or any part of the numbers.
• iOS 4.0+ Background Support • Supports GSM calls when the network is unavailable or slowly • Multiple Account Support • Auto switch to best service provider when use multiple account • Pre-configured VoIP providers list • Call display • Speakerphone, Mute and Hold • Call history • Contact List and Contact Favorites - leveraging the iPhone Contacts • Ringtones and contact avatars • Multiple incoming Call Support - swap between two active calls; merge and split calls • Audio codecs include G.711,G.722, iLBC ,Speex and GSM, Make an in app purchase to add G.729 for great performance over 3G networks • Support for RFC 2833 DTMF • VPN Support • uPNP Support • iPhone 4 Retina Display Support
Product: Ekiga
Company: Ekiga
OS: Windows, Linux
Overview:Ekiga is a software phone and video conferencing application. It allows you to hear and see your friends for free using your computer and Internet. You can also chat with them and see if they are online or not. It works on GNU/Linux and Windows.
More specifically, Ekiga is a VoIP, IP Telephony, and Video Conferencing application that allows you to make audio and video calls to remote users with SIP or H.323 compatible hardware and software.
It supports many audio and video codecs and all modern VoIP features for both SIP and H.323. Ekiga is the first Open Source application to support both H.323 and SIP, as well as audio and video. Ekiga was formerly known as GnomeMeeting.
Express Talk
Product: Express Talk
Company: NCH Software
OS: Windows, MacOS
Overview: Express Talk works like a telephone to let you make calls through your computer. Call anyone via the internet who also has a softphone installed and if you sign up with a VoIP gateway service company you call regular telephone numbers as well.
With Express Talk you could potentially call someone using their internet IP (eg. "[email protected]") but this is not usually practical. It is much easier to use a friendly address like "[email protected]". To have this you need to sign up with a SIP proxy service. This is almost always free to signup for and usually requires nothing more than an email address. See our Recommended SIP Service Providers List for a list of options.
Some of the companies also provide gateway services. This means connecting phone calls to ordinary (non internet or analog PSTN) phone lines. These calls tend to be much less expensive particularly for international calls compared to regular long distance charges since they can offer local call rates.
Product: FgVoIP
Company: FG Microtec
OS: BlackberryOS
Overview: fg's BlackBerry SIP VoIP Client is a feature rich soft phone application for BlackBerry devices. It can register to any SIP VoIP provider or IP/SIP capable PBX using a WiFi connection in office, campus, home, hotel rooms, public hot-spots etc.
Its much like having a BlackBerry desktop phone in your pocket, providing significantly higher overall productivity while at the same time lowering telephony costs.
Experience the freedom of choosing your own VoIP provider whenever you want, wherever you want. All you need is a WiFi network and a VoIP account.
Product: Fring
Company: Fring
OS: Windows, MacOS, IOS, Linux, Android, Symbian
Overview: Fring mobile communication service that gives users internet-rich communication from their mobile phones.
Fring members make FREE video calls, voice calls, live chat to other fringsters and to friends on other social networks.
You can now use your SIP account even from non-SIP enabled phones.
Choose whichever SIP provider you have and in just few clicks, start using this account to make calls to landlines, GSM phones, or to other SIP providers.
Supports Symbian S60, iPhone/ iPod touch, Android, Windows Mobile, MeeGo, Linux, J2MEand proprietary OS.
Fring allows you to easily switch between them, without having to reconfigure your handset through a nightmarish process.
Grandstream Wave
Product: Grandstream Wave
Company: Grandstream
OS: Android & iOS
Overview: Grandstream Wave is a FREE softphone application that allows users to make and receive voice calls through their business or residential SIP accounts on any Android™ device (version 4.0+) from anywhere in the world.
This application supports integration of up to 6 SIP accounts, 6-way voice conferencing, and allows users to monitor their PBX (such as Grandstream's UCM6100 series IP PBX & UCM6510 IP PBX) while utilizing speed dial with up to 24 virtual BLF keys.
Grandstream Wave also supports advanced SIP telephony features including call transfer, LDAP phonebook integration and more.
Product: Jitsi
Company: Jitsi
OS: Windows, MacOS, Linux
Overview: Jitsi (formerly SIP Communicator) is an audio/video and chat communicator that supports protocols such as SIP, XMPP/Jabber, AIM/ICQ, Windows Live, Yahoo! and many other useful features.
Jitsi is an Open Source / Free Software, and is available under the terms of the LGPL.
Product: Kiax
Company: Kiax
OS: Windows, MacOS, Linux
Overview: Kiax is a softphone (soft phone, VoIP client) with a simple and comfortable user interface for making VoIP calls to Asterisk PBX. It depends on the iaxclient library to use Asterisk's IAX2 protocol for easy call configuration and audio setup.
Product: Linphone
Company: Linphone
OS: Windows, Linux, MacOSX, IPhone, Android.
App Storage Consumption: 8.09mb (ability to move app to SD card. Data uses an additional ~0.89mb approx.)
Overview: Linphone is an internet phone or Voice Over IP phone (VoIP). With linphone you can communicate freely with people over the internet, with voice, video, and text instant messaging. Linphone makes use of the SIP protocol, an open standard for internet telephony. You can use Linphone with any SIP VoIP operator.
See Configuration Details for PC
See Configuration Details for iOS
See Configuration Details for Android
NetDial Sip Phone
Product: NetDial Sip Phone
Company: NeoMecca
OS: iOS, Android.
Product: Media5-fone
Company: Media5 Corporation
OS: Android, iOS
Overview: The Media5-fone is a softphone application that runs on the Android and the iOS Operating System. It is a SIP Client (softphone) that enables users to make and receive VoIP calls, enabling them to use their devices as an IP-PBX phone extension in their office or anywhere else in the world.
Product: MicroSIP
Company: MicroSIP
OS: Windows XP/Vista/7/8/8.1/10, Linux, macOS
Overview: MicroSIP is a softphone that works on Windows Operating Systems. It is a SIP Client (softphone) that enables users to make and receive VoIP calls, enabling them to use their devices as an IP-PBX phone extension in their office or anywhere else in the world as well as being really easy to configure.
Product: MizuPhone
Company: Mizutech
OS: Windows
Overview: Mizu SoftPhone is our award winner professional VoIP client application based on the open standard SIP protocol with an easy to use modern interface. With Mizu SoftPhone you can connect to any SIP server on the public internet or on your local area network.
Multiple accounts and multiple SIP server registrations combined with a powerful dial plan can minimize your telecom bills while using the greatest features from the VoIP industry.
Features include built-in encryption, IM, presence, HD Video, history with voice records, skype like voice quality using ultra-wideband codecs and much more.
A free edition is also available based on the same engine as our corporate sip softphone but it has some features disabled (like G.729 and wideband codecs, multiple accounts and file transfer over SIP).
Product: NinjaLite
Company: Global IP Telecommunications
OS: Windows
Overview: Ninja Lite offers Audio- and video telephony for everybody, Ninja features individual skins and ringtones!, Ninja is natively Vista 32bit /64 bit and Windows7 compatible.
Product: PhonerLite
Company: PhonerLite
OS: Windows
Overview: PhonerLite is a clearly arranged application for Windows. PhonerLite enables your PC to use it for internet telephony (VoIP , Voice over IP ). Pre-conditions are a full-duplex sound card , a microphone and speakers (alternativelya headset), an internet connection and a registration at a provider supporting the protocol SIP .PhonerLite supports several SIP profiles, each configurable independently. In thesame way the integrated phone book and call log are easy to use.
Product: PortGo
Company: PortSIP Solutions, Inc
OS: Windows (desktop and mobile)
Overview: PortGo is the newest SIP softphone from PortSIP, it's built base on PortSIP VoIP SDK, allowing users to enjoy multimedia communications in a dynamic way.
Featuring an intuitive interface, PortGo is expanding the softphone experience by making it even easier to make VoIP and Video over IP calls, see when your contacts are available and send Instant Messages. PortGo features an IM interface which focuses on your contacts and friends.
Product: QuteCom
Company: QuteCom
OS: Windows,MacOS,Linux
Overview: QuteCom is a community of enthusiasts and developers, creating free software products related to communication over IP. The flagship product of the QuteCom project is a softphone which allows you to make free PC to PC video and voice calls, and to integrate all your IM contacts in one place.
SIP Droid
Product: SIP Droid
Company: SIP Droid
OS: Android
App Storage Consumption: 1.85mb (ability to move app to SD card. Data uses an additional ~4kb approx.)
Overview: SIPDroid is a java based, open source SIP client that has recently been developed for use with mobile devices based on Google's Android platform.
Product: SJPhone
Company: SJ Labs, Inc.
OS: Windows,Windows Mobile
Overview: SJphone is a VOIP softphone that allows you to speak with any other softphone, any stand-alone IP-phone, or using ITSP with any traditional wired or mobile phone.
It supports both SIP and H.323 standards and is fully inter-operable with most major VOIP vendors and ITSP.
Product: Taki
Company: Taki
OS: BlackBerry 10, BlackBerry PlayBook
Project site: http://taki.sourceforge.net/
App in the AppWorld: http://appworld.blackberry.com/webstore/content/130295
Overview: Taki is a native SIP softphone for BlackBerry® PlayBook™ and BlackBerry® 10 platforms.
Main Features: - Multiple SIP accounts support - Multiple simultaneous calls - Call recording - Conference calls - Advanced call control: Transfer, Hold, Mute, Reject, Redial, switch between multiple active calls - Speaker phone support - Address book. Integration with local contacts on BlackBerry 10 phones - Comprehensive SIP settings (port binding, outbound proxy, registrar, codecs priority, NAT traversal, STUN, Presence, and more) - Transports: UDP/TCP - Audio codecs: G.711a/u, GSM, iLBC, G.722 (HD), Speex (NB, WB, UWB) - Built for BlackBerry
Product: Telephone
Company: 64 Characters
OS: OS X 10.9 or later
Project site: http://www.64characters.com/telephone/
Mac App Store: https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/telephone/id406825478
Overview: Telephone is a fully-featured SIP client with a minimalist user interface.
Main Features:
- Multiple SIP accounts
- Multiple simultaneous calls w/conferencing
- Call control: Transfer, Hold, Mute, Reject, Redial, Call Waiting, multiple active calls
- Speaker phone/headset support (via Mac sound device)
- Integration with Contacts app, dial by name, autocomplete, click to dial
- Send DTMF tones
- Languages: English, German, Russian
Product: X-Lite
Company: CounterPath
OS: Windows, MacOS, Linux
Overview: CounterPath's X-Lite helps you seamlessly transition from a traditional phone environment into the world of Voice over IP.
The latest release of X-Lite provides a completely redesigned interface that allows for a contact-centric or dialpad-centric user experience, or a combination of the two. It also provides you with some of the most popular features of our fully loaded Bria and eyeBeam softphones so you can take them for a test drive before you make your purchase.
Having a simple voice conversation, you'll soon see why having a softphone on your desktop or laptop is the ultimate communications experience.
Product: ZoiPer
Company: ZoiPer
OS: Windows, Mac OS, Android, iOS
Overview: IAX & SIP multilanguage softphone is a VoIP soft client, meant to work with any IP-based communications systems and infrastructure.
Zoiper is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux and supports the following languages: English, German, Spanish, French, Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Italian, Polish, Magyar.
- See Configuration Details for Zoiper Classic for PC/MAC
- See Configuration Details for ZoiPer 5 for PC/MAC
- See Configuration Details for android
- See Configuration Details for iOS
ZoiPer Communicator
Product: Zoiper Communicator
Company: Zoiper
OS: Windows, MacOS, Linux, Solaris
Overview: Zoiper Communicator IAX & SIP softphone is a converged Internet communication tool combining high-quality voice and video calls, fax, instant messaging and presence through a contact-centric intuitive interface.


text:
wow, the contrast between the registration experience for these two events couldn't have been more different (or stressful)!as a major league procrastinator, i normally wait until the last possible moment to register for a race. sometimes i learn the hard way, such as getting closed out of a race entirely (2006 disney goofy challenge and 2006 chicago marathon). but with the passage of time, i'll revert back to my old habits.
yesterday i logged on to nyrr to register for the brooklyn half marathon. that went smoothly - and was done with the paper (keystrokes) in no time at all. but good things only last so long. next up was clicking over to the nyc marathon site (a separate being, apparently, from the regular nyrr site). i clicked my way over to the registration page, and will admit that i felt slightly upbeat doing this two days before the deadline for guaranteed entry!
there were two choices guarding the entrance way to the application - method (a) for those w/a user name and password, and method (b), for those like me that didn't realize we had the aforesaid items. there was a third option (which i'll refer to as "i") for invited runners to submit an invitation code. i went with option (b) and was promptly informed that i MUST use option (a) because i already had a user name and password!
that's when the little hairs on the back of my neck stood at attention and an alarm bell sounded inside my head. in an almost mocking tone, an internal voice said to me, "wow, i didn't know we had a user name and password?!" "we don't," i answered myself back, continuing this internal dialogue. well after a few unsuccessful efforts to negotiate with this immovable guard to the application, i realized there would be no registration for me that night.
i sent an email to the marathon site, and called the nyrr office a couple of times this morning. then, finally, i received an email with the critical data. i would never have guessed that my user name was, in fact, my email address! while the user name was plausible, there was no way i created a string of eight upper and lower case letters and digits for a password! computer generated, probably. created by me, impossible!
not one to ever look a gift horse in the mouth, i immediately took those two precious bits of information and logged on to the registration page. the user name and password worked - and, after i submitted the necessary information, i could finally relax. a few minutes later, and a $136 lighter, i received an email that confirmed my registration! even with all that distraction, i still had 24 hours to spare until the deadline ;)


text:
Harry F. Sahle drew gag cartoons for Boy's Life in the late 1930s. During the 1940s he was a comic book artist for the Chesler Studio and Funnies Inc. He did several features for Archie Publications, such as 'Applejack', 'Archie', 'The Black Hood', 'Red Rube' and 'Steel Sterling'. He did back-ups for Hillman (in Air Fighters and Airboy), fillers for Centaur and Ziff-Davis, and a couple of features for Marvel, including 'Black Widow', 'Human Torch', 'Blonde Phantom' and 'Silver Scorpion'.
Marvel Mystery Comics #41 (March 1943)
For Quality, he did the features 'Candy' and 'Ezra' from the mid-1940s until his death in the mid-1950s. Sahle was also the creator of the 'Candy' newspaper strip for the Chicago Times (1944-45). This strip was later continued by Tom Dorr.


text:
SlideRocket has upgraded the mobile viewer of its hosted presentations application for devices with HTML5-compliant browsers like iPhones and iPads.
Once SlideRocket detects that a user's mobile device has an HTML5 browser, it makes it possible for the person to experience rich media components in the presentations, such as audio, video and advanced graphics. Until now, SlideRocket rendered presentation slides on mobile devices as static images.
Improving the quality and richness of presentations viewed on mobile devices is increasingly important, said Chuck Dietrich, SlideRocket's CEO. More and more often, business executives on the road use their iPads and similar portable devices to show presentations to clients and partners on an ad hoc basis.
"Sales pitching happens anywhere — in a coffee house, a golf course, a restaurant," he said. "We want to help our customers deliver a really good content pitch."
"The world is going mobile and it's time now for presentations to go mobile too," Dietrich added.
In this first version of its HTML 5 mobile viewer, SlideRocket has focused on bringing most of the rich media capabilities that its hosted application offers on PC-based browsers.
In future upgrades, the company will bring to the mobile viewer more of the presentation sharing, collaboration and interactive capabilities that are available in the application for PC browsers, he said.
Neither SlideRocket users nor people who view its presentations have to do anything to enable this new functionality. It is being implemented transparently on SlideRocket's back-end and will be triggered automatically when a mobile HTML5 mobile browser is detected.
SlideRocket is one of several companies that are trying to use the benefits of cloud-based software delivery to improve upon the capabilities of the grandfather of presentation applications, Microsoft's PowerPoint.


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While a professional tax adviser may help in certain situations, in many cases taxes can be relatively simple. Like many things in life, once you've filed your own taxes once, a lot of the drama vanishes.
Keeping it simple
If you've never filed your own taxes, you might be scared off by all the mystery and complexity that seemingly surrounds the process. However, like many things in life, once you've filed your own taxes once, a lot of the drama vanishes. While a professional tax adviser may help in certain situations, in many cases taxes can be relatively simple. Hiring a professional may not have the effect you think in terms of audit protection or liability.
Taxes are too complex
The popular press makes taxes seem complicated by quoting politicians demanding reform and referencing just how many volumes the tax code fills. In reality, the vast majority of taxpayers don't have to worry about most of the tax code, which applies to very specific situations.
Although times are changing, most American taxpayers still hold a "traditional" job, work for an employer, and receive a W-2 filled with tax information at the end of the year. Patrick Summar, a Redondo Beach, California-based business and life coach for business owners, says that for the typical employee, taxes need not be overly complicated.
"There will always be situations in which hiring outside help makes sense, particularly if you run a business or have extensive investment assets," says Summar. "But if you are the employee of someone else's business with no outside investments, then keep it simple, because it is simple!"
While you shouldn't avoid itemizing if you have the requisite expenses, for most taxpayers this isn't an issue—more than half of all taxpayers don't even itemize deductions, using the standard deduction instead. This makes doing your own taxes a much simpler process.
For the self-employed, you can follow instructions which the Internal Revenue Service provides annually for free. You can list your income, subtract your deductions and credits, and arrive at the correct amount of tax you owe all on your own. If you feel better getting a second opinion, an online or software-based tax preparation service like TurboTax can provide all the help you need. TurboTax even lets you speak with tax professionals like CPAs, EAs and tax attorneys for free by phone or live chat, in the event you run into any questions.
I'll get audited
Doing your own taxes in and of itself doesn't make you more likely to be audited. Similarly, having someone else do your taxes doesn't necessarily make it less likely that you'll be audited. Since the IRS can't possibly review in detail every single tax return it receives, it has a series of triggers that flag suspected returns for further review. If your return carries any of these red flags, it might not matter whether you did your taxes yourself or used the highest-priced accountants you could find.
According to Summar, "Professional tax preparers may be less likely to make certain errors, since they are more familiar with the tax filing process in general, but hiring one is no guarantee you will be shielded from an audit."
When you use TurboTax to prepare your taxes, you automatically gain access to our Audit Support Center, and can talk to our tax professionals year-round, in the unlikely event you are audited.
I don't have to file
Some taxpayers believe that if they don't make enough money they don't have to file a tax return. While in some cases this may be true, they are considerably rarer than you might imagine.
From a straight income perspective, if you are under 65 years old, you generally have to file a tax return for 2022 if your gross income is above $12,950 for single filers, or $25,900 for married taxpayers filing jointly.
However, many other factors come into play when it comes to filing. For example, Summar points out that "if you earn any self-employment income, you're responsible for filing a return as soon as you earn just $400." If you qualify for various taxpayer credits, such as the earned income tax credit, or if you had excess money withheld from your paycheck, you should file a return no matter what your income. As Summar notes, "You can't get money back from the IRS if you don't file a return."
Let an expert do your taxes for you, start to finish with TurboTax Live Full Service. Or you can get your taxes done right, with experts by your side with TurboTax Live Assisted. File your own taxes with confidence using TurboTax. Just answer simple questions, and we'll guide you through filing your taxes with confidence. Whichever way you choose, get your maximum refund guaranteed.


text:
Sitting at the seashore after the recent funeral of a good friend of mine, watching the waves crash onto the rocks and seeing the tiny drops of water light up in the sun for a moment, the ocean thought me a lesson. Remembering a dear friend, I would like to share these thoughts with you all.
It is much like taking a drop of water out of the sea. The droplet now is a body of water in itself but it is also still the sea. See how the sun sparkles it it as it hangs from my finger tip, the way it reflects my face and the whole world around it in a way the sea itself could never do. This droplet had to be taken out of the sea to manifest this extraordinary quality and beauty.
Can it be this is who and what we are? A drop momentarily out of the ocean? If we let the drop of water fall back into the sea, can we really say it is gone? It is still there but it is also not there anymore. Looking around and seeing the sky, the sea, the people and the birds it all whispers and seems to be manifesting this deep truth. The substance of existence is much like this sea I was looking at. Everything around us and we ourselves, came from this and will eventually return tho this substance. How can we say something is here now and over there a moment later? Can we say this of the drop in the sea? This is a good drop and the other one is not so good? So glad its a drop and not the ocean anymore? Say it is here now and now it is there? There is no here or there other then in our own minds. Let's take some water out of the ocean and freeze it. Now we cal it an ice cube. It has many practical uses although the substance itself in fact never changed. All of us are born, made of substance and walk around thinking we are separate from everything else. That we are better or worse, have to go somewhere or better ourselves one day. Not realizing it is all this same one single substance that is both still and in motion. Both there and not there. Whole, complete and perfect. We only live in a dream of distinctions and separation. Seeing water and ice cubes as two different things and acting accordingly, makes the dream. Reality is that it is all one single manifestation of substance in a miracle of different shapes, sizes and colors. What place do we have to stand on or what place can we go to? We feel we must fight and struggle to go "a" place that is better but how can you go if you never left. We try to get somewhere in life although there is no "there "to go to. You are already there and you are already it!
At the funeral we all could approach the coffin and pay our respects to a man who was broken by a life of hard physical work in the fields and lived as a simple, decent man in an ugly world just. While standing next to the open coffin to say goodbye, looking down at that familiar face, I wondered what the difference is between me and the man lying there in his best suit. If we are all of this substance of existence and we all come and go in the same direction, what is the difference between the living and the dead? As the ice cube melts and turns back to the sea it came from, where did the cube then go? Was there a cube in the first place? A life? The answer is right there you know.
Substance of existence,
the unborn.
Realizing your true self
seeing your true face.
As soon as your mind grasps something, this substance of reality freezes into a solid state and we get involved in it, making distinctions and deciding between good and bad. To consciously NOT grasp, determine, keep or cast away is what is the Void outside the substance and whiteness, it is what makes us Buddha. All the potential within the Void. Realizing that this void has no shape or form but is all you, containing everything and holding on to nothing. The conscious void in the substance of existence only becomes visible in action, sitting in shikantaza thus eliminating all action and to just exist means the self or void in the substance of existence, is there. Not hindered or obstructed. Free to come and go wherever it pleases because the water is in the ocean again instead of frozen into an ice cube. This now is the true self in all of us, ready to be realized. Failing to do so and remaining in the dream of life and death, as the ice cube if you will, means our vast potential remains yest again unborn.
So, there could be said that reincarnation in a new body with the same essential nature is not reasonable. Rebirth in a new drop of water with all new characteristics and potential is more plausible since the essence cannot divided, it is one, it has always been one and always stays one, like the ocean and the ice cube. Different in appearance but still the original water that will return in time to where it came from. Nothing changes in the fundamental sense of the substance of existence. How could it? What are the odds of me and you coming from this substance of reality and be conscious sentient beings with the ability to waken to that reality? To sit, practice, live and realize this Nature that is right there and also aspiring to be Bodhisattva? Do we fully realize what these odds are? What a gift this human life really is? To say the odds are much like dropping a one thousand piece jigsaw puzzle out of an airplane at 10.000 feet and seeing all pieces fall in to place on the ground, completing the puzzle, would not be far off I think? This is the precious gift that has been given us in this life. The chance with a capital C. Being human and having waken up tot the Dharma is a gift without comparison. Use it! Right here and right now!
And then, thinking of this, I let my friend go standing at the shore and it was all alright. He went to be the ocean again for a while and I'm still a drop in the sun......for now. No time to loose!
In remembrance of a friend.


text: I have a silverware drawer that the face broke off when it was slammed shut. I'm trying to figure out the best way to re-attach it. I've tried using gorilla glue but that didn't work to well because the surfaces aren't flat (some of the fiberwood is broken). Anyone have any suggestions?


text:
The Impact of Immigrants in Recession and Economic Expansion
Over the past decade, a broad consensus has developed that the long-term impact of immigration on the average income of Americans is small but positive, improving employment, productivity, and income. In the short term, however, immigration may slightly reduce native employment and average income because the economic adjustment process is not immediate. During economic slowdowns, such as the 2007-09 recession, the more pressing concerns about short-term effects take center stage. This report provides an analysis of both short- and long-run impacts of immigration on average and over the business cycle.
The report finds that when the economy is growing, immigration creates jobs in sufficient numbers to leave native employment unharmed. During downturns, however, the economy does not appear to respond as quickly. Therefore, the United States would benefit most from immigration that adjusts to economic conditions. While immigration (particularly illegal immigration) already responds to some extent to the economic cycle, the current immigration system makes legal immigrant inflows relatively unresponsive. The report recommends a redesigned system to allow employers' demand for work visas to play a stronger role in determining the number of visas issued, as well as to allocate a share of visas to less-skilled workers to help reduce their incentive to come to the United States illegally.
I. Introduction
II. The Impact of Net Immigration on Employment and Gross Domestic Product
III. The Story- and Long-Run Effects of Net Immigration on Average (Over the Whole Business Cycle)
IV. Effects of Net Immigration During Economic Expansion and Downturn
V. Implications and Discussion
VI. Conclusion


text:
Field Report On World Cafe
Field Report founder and frontman Chris Porterfield assumed his music career was over after he left the Wisconsin band DeYarmond Edison, which also featured Justin Vernon of Bon Iver and several current members of Megafaun. Following the band's 2006 breakup, Porterfield started writing music for the first time, taking years to hone his skills.
In December 2011, Field Report finally recorded its meticulously crafted songs, which recall the works of Paul Simon and Nebraska-era Bruce Springsteen. In this session, Porterfield talks with World Cafe's David Dye and performs songs from his new, self-titled collection of dark, poignant Americana.
This episode of World Cafe originally aired on Oct. 9, 2012.
Copyright 2020 XPN. To see more, visit XPN.


text:
A Vegan's Guide to Good Nutrition
Vegan foods are far healthier than meat, eggs, and dairy. They're cholesterol-free and more likely to be low in saturated fat and calories and high in fiber, complex carbohydrates, and cancer-fighting antioxidants. (Of course, we're not talking about vegan cookies, candy, or potato chips.) If you want to reap the health benefits of a vegan diet—a healthy weight, lots of energy, and lower risks of heart disease, diabetes, and some types of cancer—you should eat an array of fruits, veggies, beans, whole grains, and other wholesome plant-based foods. Big surprise, huh?
If you're a vegan, everyone from your third cousin to your third-grade teacher has likely quizzed you about where you get your nutrients. They don't need to worry. Plant-based foods can provide for all your nutritional needs:
Protein-Packed Plant Foods
Almost every food contains protein, so it's nearly impossible not to get enough if you're consuming a varied diet with an adequate number of calories. Soybeans, a vegan superfood, are packed with protein and essential amino acids. Other beans as well as chickpeas, lentils, nuts, seeds, mushrooms, broccoli, walnuts, whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, and corn are also good protein sources.
Calcium Plus Compassion
Cows don't have to suffer in order for humans to get calcium. It's abundant in collard greens, kale, broccoli, beans, sesame tahini, and almonds. It can also be found in calcium-fortified soy or rice milk, orange juice, and some brands of tofu.
Fish-Free Omega-3s
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for heart, brain, skin, and joint health. Fortunately, you can get them without all the cholesterol and toxins found in fish. Flaxseeds, walnuts, and canola oil are good vegan sources of the omega-3 ALA. It's also a good idea to take vegan DHA capsules, which contain omega-3s derived from algae (where fish get it from!).
Make Popeye Proud
Spinach is rich in iron, so eat lots of it to build strong muscles. Other iron-rich foods include beans, black-eyed peas, lentils, chickpeas, oatmeal, dried fruit, nuts, sunflower seeds, nutritional yeast, molasses, and grains such as quinoa and millet. Vitamin C helps increase iron absorption, so for optimal health benefits, consume foods that are rich in both nutrients, such as dark-green leafy vegetables.
Vitamin B12 for Vegans
Leading health experts encourage everyone to take a multivitamin or supplement to get ample amounts of vitamin B12. It's also found in fortified nutritional yeast, some supermarket cereals, and fortified soy and rice milks. (Click here to learn more about vitamin B12.)
Vitamin D, the Sunshine Vitamin
Exposure to sunshine is one of the best ways to get vitamin D. During warmer months, your skin should manufacture enough of the vitamin if your face and forearms are exposed without sunscreen to midday sunlight for 15 to 20 minutes per day. But many students and people who work indoors don't get enough exposure. And in many areas, sunlight during colder and cloudier months isn't strong enough to provide a sufficient dose of vitamin D. Many brands of nondairy milks contain some calcium and vitamin D, as do some brands of fortified orange juice. But doctors increasingly say that no matter what you eat, it's a good idea to take a vitamin D supplement of at least 1,000 IU on days when you don't get sufficient sunlight exposure.
Still have questions about going vegan? Check out our "Questions Every New Vegan Asks" page!
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text: about Tom Seawell is a 2019 Emmy awarded Director & Cinematographer with a base in San Francisco. He is also an advertising photographer with over 30 years of industry experience. After graduating from the Brooks Institute of Photography in Santa Barbara in 1990, Tom returned to his native San Francisco where he has produced images that have been featured in an array of noteworthy publications including Photo District News, Communication Arts, Time Magazine and Archive. In the last 20 years, he has expanded into film and motion, specializing in documentary-style corporate films and tv commercials. In 2010 Tom co-founded Flatlander Films. As the director, he has been working on a feature film about the legendary life of Tom Frost. Due to be completed and released in 2022. www.flatlanderfilms.comHere are some of the amazing brands we have been able to collaborate with since 1991.479 Popcorn, Apple, AT&T, BD, Boise Paper, No Fear, Bose, Oral B, Blue Shield, Pacific Bell, Calistoga Water, People Soft, Creativity Explored, Cisco, PG&E, Cardinal Healthcare, Goal 5, Qualcomm, SPCA, Carefusion, Reebok, Project Open Hand, Ceasar Stone, Restoration Hardware, San Francisco/Marin Food Bank, Recchiuti Confections, Cox Cable, Russel Racing, Delta Dental, Sega, , Special Olympics, Electronic Arts, Siemens, Flax Art and Design, Sims, Sony, Sprint, The First Tee, Sun Microsystems, Jazzercise, Toshiba, Kelloggs, Leapfrog, UC Berkeley, Melaleuca, UCSF, UCSF Medical Center, MCI, Union Bank, Microsoft, Valrhona Chocolate, Mulholland Brothers, NCR, SFO Airport, Wells Fargo. Non Profits we love and donate to: SPCA San Francisco, Creativity Explored, Marin/San Francisco Food Bank, Project Open Hand, The First T, America Scores


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- Water well
"Village pump" redirects here. For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see Wikipedia:Village pump.
A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by an electric submersible pump, a trash pump, a vertical turbine pump, a handpump or a mechanical pump (e.g. from a water-pumping windmill[1]). It can also be drawn up using containers, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand.
Wells can vary greatly in depth, water volume and water quality. Well water typically contains more minerals in solution than surface water and may require treatment to soften the water by removing minerals such as arsenic, iron and manganese.
- 1 Types of water wells
- 2 Classification
- 3 Siting
- 4 Contamination
- 5 Environmental problems
- 6 Ancient well technologies
- 7 Cultural references
- 8 See also
- 9 Notes
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Types of water wells
Dug wells
Until recent centuries, all artificial wells were pumpless hand-dug wells of varying degrees of formality, and they remain a very important source of potable water in some rural developing areas where they are routinely dug and used today. Their indispensability has produced a number of literary references, literal and figurative, to them, including the Christian Bible story of Jesus meeting a woman at Jacob's well (John 4:6) and the "Ding Dong Bell" nursery rhyme about a cat in a well.
Hand-dug wells are excavations with diameters large enough to accommodate one or more men with shovels digging down to below the water table. They can be lined with laid stones or brick; extending this lining upwards above the ground surface into a wall around the well serves to reduce both contamination and injuries by falling into the well. A more modern method called caissoning uses reinforced concrete or plain concrete pre-cast well rings that are lowered into the hole. A well-digging team digs under a cutting ring and the well column slowly sinks into the aquifer, whilst protecting the team from collapse of the well bore.
Hand dug wells provide a cheap and low-tech solution to accessing groundwater in rural locations in developing countries, and may be built with a high degree of community participation, or by local entrepreneurs who specialize in hand-dug wells. Hand dug wells have been successfully excavated to 60 metres (200 ft). Hand dug wells are inexpensive and low tech (compared to drilling) as they use mostly hand labour for construction. Hand dug wells have low operational and maintenance costs, in part because water can be extracted by hand bailing, without a pump. Hand dug wells can be easily deepened, which may be necessary if the ground water level drops, by telescoping the lining further down into the aquifer. The yield of existing hand dug wells may be improved by deepening or introducing vertical tunnels or perforated pipes.
Drawbacks to hand-dug wells are numerous. It can be impractical to hand dig wells in areas where hard rock is present, and they can be time-consuming to dig and line even in favorable areas. Because they exploit shallow aquifers, the well may be susceptible to yield fluctuations and possible contamination from surface water, including sewage. Hand dug well construction generally requires the use of a trained well construction team, and the capital investment for equipment such as concrete ring moulds, heavy lifting equipment, well shaft formwork, motorized de-watering pumps, and fuel can be large for people in developing countries. Construction of hand dug wells can be dangerous due to collapse of the well bore, falling objects and asphyxiation, including from dewatering pump exhaust fumes.
Woodingdean well, hand-dug between 1858 and 1862, is claimed to be the world's deepest hand-dug well at 1,285 feet (392 m).[2] The Big Well in Greensburg, Kansas is billed as the world's largest hand-dug well, at 109 feet (33 m) deep and 32 feet (9.8 m) in diameter. However, the Well of Joseph in the Cairo Citadel at 280 feet (85 m) deep and the Pozzo di S. Patrizio (St. Patrick's Well) built in 1527 in Orvieto, Italy, at 61 metres (200 ft) deep by 13 metres (43 ft) wide[3] are both larger by volume.
Driven wells
Driven wells may be very simply created in unconsolidated material with a "well point", which consists of a hardened drive point and a screen (perforated pipe). The point is simply hammered into the ground, usually with a tripod and "driver", with pipe sections added as needed. A driver is a weighted pipe that slides over the pipe being driven and is repeatedly dropped on it. When groundwater is encountered, the well is washed of sediment and a pump installed.
Drilled wells
Drilled wells can be excavated by simple hand drilling methods (augering, sludging, jetting, driving, hand percussion) or machine drilling (rotary, percussion, down the hole hammer). Drilled wells can get water from a much deeper level than can dug wells - often up to several hundred metres.
Drilled wells with electric pumps are currently used throughout the world, typically in rural or sparsely populated areas, though many urban areas are supplied partly by municipal wells.
Drilled wells are typically created using either top-head rotary style, table rotary, or cable tool drilling machines, all of which use drilling stems that are turned to create a cutting action in the formation, hence the term 'drilling'. Most shallow well drilling machines are mounted on large trucks, trailers, or tracked vehicle carriages. Water wells typically range from 3 to 18 m deep, but in some areas can go deeper than 900 m.
Rotary drilling machines use a segmented steel drilling string, typically made up of 6 m sections of galvanized steel tubing that are threaded together, with a bit or other drilling device at the bottom end. Some rotary drilling machines are designed to install (by driving or drilling) a steel casing into the well in conjunction with the drilling of the actual bore hole. Air and/or water is used as a circulation fluid to displace cuttings and cool bits during the drilling. Another form of rotary style drilling, termed 'mud rotary', makes use of a specially made mud, or drilling fluid, which is constantly being altered during the drill so that it can consistently create enough hydraulic pressure to hold the side walls of the bore hole open, regardless of the presence of a casing in the well. Typically, boreholes drilled into solid rock are not cased until after the drilling process is completed, regardless of the machinery used.
The oldest form of drilling machinery is the Cable Tool, still used today. Specifically designed to raise and lower a bit into the bore hole, the 'spudding' of the drill causes the bit to be raised and dropped onto the bottom of the hole, and the design of the cable causes the bit to twist at approximately ¼ revolution per drop, thereby creating a drilling action. Unlike rotary drilling, cable tool drilling requires the drilling action to be stopped so that the bore hole can be bailed or emptied of drilled cuttings.
Drilled wells are usually cased with a factory-made pipe, typically steel (in air rotary or cable tool drilling) or plastic/PVC (in mud rotary wells, also present in wells drilled into solid rock). The casing is constructed by welding, either chemically or thermodynamically, segments of casing together. If the casing is installed during the drilling, most drills will drive the casing into the ground as the bore hole advances, while some newer machines will actually allow for the casing to be rotated and drilled into the formation in a similar manner as the bit advancing just below. PVC or plastic is typically welded and then lowered into the drilled well, vertically stacked with their ends nested and either glued or splined together. The sections of casing are usually 6 m or more in length, and 6 to 12 in (15 to 30 cm) in diameter, depending on the intended use of the well and local groundwater conditions.
Surface contamination of wells in the United States is typically controlled by the use of a 'surface seal'. A large hole is drilled to a predetermined depth or to a confining formation (clay or bedrock, for example), and then a smaller hole for the well is completed from that point forward. The well is typically cased from the surface down into the smaller hole with a casing that is the same diameter as that hole. The annular space between the large bore hole and the smaller casing is filled with bentonite clay, concrete, or other sealant material. This creates an impermeable seal from the surface to the next confining layer that keeps contaminants from traveling down the outer sidewalls of the casing or borehole and into the aquifer. In addition, wells are typically capped with either an engineered well cap or seal that vents air through a screen into the well, but keeps insects, small animals, and unauthorized persons from accessing the well.
At the bottom of wells, based on formation, a screening device, filter pack, slotted casing, or open bore hole is left to allow the flow of water into the well. Constructed screens are typically used in unconsolidated formations (sands, gravels, etc.), allowing water and a percentage of the formation to pass through the screen. Allowing some material to pass through creates a large area filter out of the rest of the formation, as the amount of material present to pass into the well slowly decreases and is removed from the well. Rock wells are typically cased with a PVC liner/casing and screen or slotted casing at the bottom, this is mostly present just to keep rocks from entering the pump assembly. Some wells utilize a 'filter pack' method, where an undersized screen or slotted casing is placed inside the well and a filter medium is packed around the screen, between the screen and the borehole or casing. This allows the water to be filtered of unwanted materials before entering the well and pumping zone.
There are two broad classes of drilled-well types, based on the type of aquifer the well is in:
- Shallow or unconfined wells are completed in the uppermost saturated aquifer at that location (the upper unconfined aquifer).
- Deep or confined wells are sunk through an impermeable stratum into an aquifer that is sandwiched between two impermeable strata (aquitards or aquicludes). The majority of deep aquifers are classified as artesian because the hydraulic head in a confined well is higher than the level of the top of the aquifer. If the hydraulic head in a confined well is higher than the land surface it is a "flowing" artesian well (named after Artois in France).
Two additional broad classes of well types may be distinguished, based on the use of the well:
- production or pumping wells, are large diameter (greater than 15 cm in diameter) cased (metal, plastic, or concrete) water wells, constructed for extracting water from the aquifer by a pump (if the well is not artesian).
- monitoring wells or piezometers, are often smaller diameter wells used to monitor the hydraulic head or sample the groundwater for chemical constituents. Piezometers are monitoring wells completed over a very short section of aquifer. Monitoring wells can also be completed at multiple levels, allowing discrete samples or measurements to be made at different vertical elevations at the same map location.
Obviously, a well constructed for pumping groundwater can be used passively as a monitoring well and a small diameter well can be pumped, but this distinction by use is common.
Before excavation, information about the geology, water table depth, seasonal fluctuations, recharge area and rate must be found. This work is typically done by a hydrogeologist, or a groundwater surveyor using a variety of tools including electro-seismic surveying,[4] any available information from nearby wells, geologic maps sometimes geophysical imaging.
Shallow pumping wells can often supply drinking water at a very low cost, but because impurities from the surface easily reach shallow sources, a greater risk of contamination occurs for these wells when they are compared to deeper wells. Dug and driven wells are relatively easy to contaminate, and dug wells are unreliable in most of the U.S.[5]
The quality of the well water can be significantly increased by lining the well, sealing the well head, fitting a self-priming hand pump, constructing an apron, ensuring the area is kept clean and free from stagnant water and animals, moving sources of contamination (latrines, garbage pits) and carrying out hygiene education. The well should be cleaned with 1% chlorine solution after construction and periodically every 6 months.
Most of the bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that contaminate well water comes from fecal material from humans and other animals. Common bacterial contaminants include E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter jejuni. Common viral contaminants include norovirus, sapovirus, rotavirus, enteroviruses, and hepatitis A and E. Parasites include Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora cayetanensis, and microsporidia.[5]
Chemical contamination is a common problem with groundwater. Nitrates from sewage or fertilizer are a particular problem for children. Pollutant chemicals include pesticides and volatile organic compounds from gasoline, dry-cleaning, the fuel additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and perchlorate from rocket fuel, airbag inflators, and other artificial and natural sources.
Several minerals are also contaminants, including lead leached from brass fittings or old lead pipes, chromium VI from electroplating and other sources, naturally occurring arsenic, radon, and uranium—all of which can cause cancer—and naturally occurring fluoride, which is desirable in low quantities to prevent tooth decay, but can cause dental fluorosis in higher concentrations.[5]
Some chemicals are commonly present in water wells at levels that are not toxic, but can cause other problems. Calcium and magnesium cause what is known as hard water, which can precipitate and clog pipes or burn out water heaters. Iron and manganese can appear as dark flecks that stain clothing and plumbing, and can promote the growth of iron and manganese bacteria that can form slimy black colonies that clog pipes.[5]
Cleanup of contaminated groundwater tends to be very costly. Effective remediation of groundwater is generally very difficult.
Contamination of groundwater from surface and subsurface sources can usually be dramatically reduced by correctly centering the casing during construction and filling the casing annulus with an appropriate sealing material. The sealing material (grout) should be placed from immediately above the production zone back to surface, because, in the absence of a correctly constructed casing seal, contaminated fluid can travel into the well through the casing annulus. Centering devices are important (usually 1 per length of casing or at maximum intervals of 9 m) to ensure that the grouted annular space is of even thickness. Upon the construction of a new test well, it is considered best practice to invest in a complete battery of chemical and biological tests on the well water in question. Point-of-use treatment is available for individual properties and treatment plants are often constructed for municipal water supplies that suffer from contamination. Most of these treatment methods involve the filtration of the contaminants of concern, and additional protection may be garnered by installing well-casing screens only at depths where contamination is not present.
Well water for personal use is often filtered with reverse osmosis water processors; this process can remove very small particles. A simple, effective way of killing microorganisms is to bring the water to a full boil for one to three minutes, depending on location. A household well contaminated by microorganisms can initially be treated by shock chlorination using bleach, generating concentrations hundreds of times greater than found in community water systems; however, this will not fix any structural problems that led to the contamination and generally requires some expertise and testing for effective application.[5]
Environmental problems
A risk with the placement of water wells is soil salination. This problem occurs when the watertable of the soil begins to drop and salt begins to accumulate as the soil begins to dry out.[6] Another environmental problem that is very prevalent in water well drilling is the potential for methane to seep through.
Soil salination
The potential for soil salination is a large risk when choosing the placement of water wells. Soil salination is caused when the water table of the soil drops over time and salt begins to accumulate. In turn, the increased amount of salt begins to dry the soil out. This is a very detrimental problem because the increased level of salt in the soil can result in the degradation of soil and can be very harmful to vegetation.
Methane, an asphyxiate, is a chemical compound that is the main component of natural gas. When methane mixes with oxygen, it has the ability to reduce oxygen to harmfully low levels in a small space or to form an explosion. This explosive quality is what poses such a danger in regards to the drilling and placement of water wells.
Low levels of methane in drinking water are not considered toxic. When methane seeps into a water supply, it is commonly referred to as "methane migration." This can be caused by old natural gas wells near water well systems becoming abandoned and no longer monitored.
Ancient well technologiesFurther information: History of water supply and sanitation
The earliest wells are known from the Neolithic. In the submerged Pre-Pottery Neolithic B settlement of Atlit Yam in Israel, dated to 8100–7500 BC, a well has been found, which so far is the oldest known. Other PPNB wells (7–8 m deep) are known from Kissonerga-Mylouthkia on Cyprus and maybe shallower examples from Shillourokambos as well.[7]
Wood-lined wells are known from the early Neolithic Linear Pottery culture, for example in Kückhoven, dated 5090 BC and Eythra, dated 5200 BC in Germany and Schletz in Austria. The early Mesolithic site of Friesack in Germany has yielded a shallow pit with the remains of a birch-bark container that may have been a shallow artificial well.
Australian Aborigines relied on wells to survive the harsh Australian desert. They would dig down, scooping out sand and mud to reach clean water, then cover the source with spinifex to prevent spoilage. Non-aborigines call these native wells, soaks or soakages.
Stepwells are common in the west of India. In these wells, the water may be reached by descending a set of steps. They may be covered and are often of architectural significance. Many stepwells were also used for leisure, providing relief from the daytime heat.
A qanat is an ancient water collection system made up of a series of wells and linked underground water channels that collects flowing water from a source usually a distance away, stores it, and then brings the water to the surface using gravity. Much of the population of Iran and other arid countries in Asia and North Africa historically depended upon the water from qanats; the areas of population corresponded closely to the areas where qanats are possible.
In Egypt, shadoofs and sakiehs are used.[8][9] When compared to each other however, the Sakkieh is much more efficient, as it can bring up water from a depth of 10 meters (versus the 3 meters of the shadoof). The Sakieh is the Egyptian version of the Noria.
From the Iron Age onwards, wells are common archaeological features, both with wooden shafts and shaft linings made from wickerwork.
Lately, however, the described wells/pumps are no longer very efficient and can be replaced by either handpumps or treadle pumps. Another alternative is the use of self-dug wells, electrical deep-well pumps (for higher depths). Appropriate technology organizations as Practical Action are now supplying information on how to build/set-up (diy) handpumps and treadle pumps in practice.[10][11]
Cultural referencesSee also: Wells in the Bible
Springs and wells have had cultural significance since prehistoric times, leading to the foundation of towns such as Wells and Bath in Somerset. Interest in health benefits led to the growth of spa towns including many with wells in their name, examples being Llandrindod Wells and Royal Tunbridge Wells.
Empty wells are a prominent element in some of the work of Japanese author Haruki Murakami, especially The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.
In Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland, chapter 7, The Dormouse tells the history of a family who lived "at the bottom of a well", made of treacle (see treacle mining).
There is a belief that a wish can be made in a well; see wishing well. There is much folklore in Wales surrounding wells, particularly in relation to their healing properties. In Scotland and Ireland, there is a Celtic tradition of leaving cloth offerings for healing at Clootie wells. In the Peak District of England, a tradition of Well dressing has persisted from Pagan to Christian religion, possibly related to plague.
Eratosthenes first calculated the radius of the Earth in about 230 BC by comparing shadows in wells during the summer solstice.[12]
In Western Ukraine, water wells were traditionally centers of social life, and the community came together to build them using a traditional process. Local stories often emphasize the social and cultural values of wells. The wells were decorated and had a wooden wheel attached to raise the bucket. Wells are still used in many Ukrainian towns and cities.
The same is true with the early Israelites, as depicted in the Hebrew Bible and in the Christian New Testament. Many Bible stories take place around wells, such as the finding of a wife for Isaac in Genesis and Jesus's talk with the Samaritan woman in the Gospels.
In the novel Ring by Koji Suzuki, and subsequent film adaptations, the malevolent antagonist, Sadako Yamamura, is revealed to have been killed and thrown into a well some thirty years before the events of the novel. Sadako's well is a recurring theme in the story, especially in the 1998 film adaptation.
In an album called Märchen by Japanese band Sound Horizon, a well plays an important part as a reference to id. Ido (イド), as written in the booklet, can be read as "well" or "id".
See also
- Baptist well drilling
- Drainage by wells
- ^ DIY waterpumping windmill for the developing world
- ^ "Woodingdean Well". 2005. http://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/page_id__6948_path__0p115p1224p597p.aspx. Retrieved 26 jan 2010.
- ^ St. Patrick's Well
- ^ Du Preez, Michael. "ELECTRO-SEISMIC SURVEYS APPLIED TO MODDELING OF GROUNDWATER FLOW SYSTEMS". Bloemfontein, South Africa. http://aquamap.co.nz/uploads/pdfs/ELECTRO-SEISMIC%20SURVEYS%20APPLIED%20TO%20MODELING%20OF%20GROUNDWATER%20FLOW.pdf. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Committee on Environmental Health; Committee on Infectious Diseases (2009). "Drinking water from private wells and risks to children". Pediatrics 123 (6): 1599–1605. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0751. PMID 19482772.
- ^ Soil salination by placement of water wells mentioned in India
- ^ http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/Tech+and+Science/Story/STIStory_394409.html
- ^ Sakieh explication/difference vs Sakia
- ^ Sakia explication
- ^ Practical Answers – Handpumps
- ^ Treadle pump
- ^ [1][dead link]
- Driscoll, F. (1986). Groundwater and Wells. St. Paul: Johnson Filtration Systems. ISBN 978-0-9616456-0-1.
External links
- Wellowner.org
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Healthy Water - Water Wells Site covering well basics, guidelines for proper siting and location of wells to avoid contamination, well testing, diseases related to wells, emergency well treatment and other topics.
- US Geological Survey – Ground water: Wells
- US Geological Survey – Water Science Pictures Flowing Artesian Well
- American Ground Water Trust
- National Ground Water Association
- Lifewater International Technical Library
- The Internet Sacred Texts Archive: The Folklore of Wells (Wales)
- Driving a well with a well point
- Well Construction Technical Resources for NGOs
- The Techniques and Tools of the Kazusabori (上総掘り) Well-boring
- Restoring a Flooded Well to Service, G. Morgan Powell, Kansas State University, June 2006
- Equations for drainage by wells: [2]
- Software for drainage by wells: [3]
- Water Wells drilled in Ireland
Topics in geotechnical engineering Soils Soil properties Soil mechanics Geotechnical investigationCone penetration test · Standard penetration test · Exploration geophysics · Monitoring well · Borehole Laboratory tests Field tests FoundationsBearing capacity · Shallow foundation · Deep foundation · Dynamic load testing · Pile integrity test · Wave equation analysis · Statnamic load test Retaining walls Slope stabilityMass wasting · Landslide · Slope stability analysis Earthquakes Geosynthetics Instrumentation for Stability MonitoringCategories:
- Water wells
- Water supply infrastructure
- Archaeological features
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Founded in 1953, the Westfield Jaycees is a group of local individuals volunteering time and effort to improve our community, with a particular focus in the future of our youth. We are a 501(c) non-profit.
Learn more about becoming a member.
Calendar of dinner meeting and events.
Fund-raising for our college scholarships & other needs:
Good deeds and programs we lead or have assisted:
"It gets my husband out of the house." - Jane
"When I was a high school senior, I got a small $500 grant for college. At that time, my family really could use the money but more important, it gave me a great boost of confidence in my continuing education and for my future. It wasn't from a Jaycee organization but that doesn't matter. Helping the Westfield Jaycees raise money for college scholarships is a way to pay back." - Jim
"Camp Jaycee is great. Dads and kids. My kids look forward to it all year. They talk about it more than our trip to Disney World." - Bob
"You meet guys from outside your normal circle of friends, family, and place of worship. And doing something together - like running a car raffle or pumpkin painting at the Children's hospital - is doing something more than what you could do on your own." - Dave
"The Jaycees have everything. If you need a dentist, a pediatric dentist, lawyer, landscaper, computer guy, graphic artist, insurance salesman, shipping expert, general contractor, mattress manufacturer, educator, financial advisor, accountant, acupuncturist, architect, electrical engineer, printer, or realtor there is someone that does that. And you can get great recommendations for anything." - John


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Mr. Perkins Family Restaurant
No matter what your occasion calls for or your appetite demands, the friendly staff at Mr. Perkins Family Restaurant promises to make your next dining experience a pleasant one.
Latin/South American
- $$
2001 W Atkinson Ave
Milwaukee, WI 53209
Milwaukee, WI 53209
(414) 447-6660
- Monday
- Closed
- Tuesday
- Closed
- Wednesday
- Thursday
- Friday
- Saturday
- Sunday
- Closed
Just For Starters
Perkins Sampler
a sample of dixie dippers, mozzasticks, fried green beans and santa fe mini chimis. served with honey mustard, chipotle ranch and marinara dipping sauces.
Onion Rings Basket
a generous portion, lightly battered and fried to crispy perfection. served with chipotle ranch dressing.
Santa Fe Mini Chimi's
smoked chicken, black beans, corn, jalapeno jack cheese, red peppers and spinach rolled into a crispy flour tortilla. served with chipotle ranch dressing.
Dixie Dippers
strips of lightly-breaded chicken tenderloin served with honey mustard dressing.
Buffalo Fried Chicken Dippers
crispy-fried chicken tenderloins coated with a spicy buffalo sauce. served with a side of ranch dressing.
Fried Green Beans
crispy green beans, battered and fried to a golden brown, served with a side of spicy chipotle ranch dressing.
served with marinara dipping sauce.
Chick 'n Cheese Quesadilla
cajun seasoned chicken, pepper jack and cheddar cheeses in a grilled tomato tortilla.
Sweet Potato Fries Basket
our new sweet potato fries are lightly battered and seasoned for crunchy goodness.
Perkins Famous Chicken Noodle Soup
Homestyle Soup Of The Day
Soup And Side Salad
a bowl of our famous chicken noodle soup or soup of the day, paired with a side salad.
Garden Harvest Salads
Chicken & Spinach
diced grilled chicken on garden fresh spinach with sliced hard boiled egg, fresh mushrooms, smoked bacon and cool tomatoes. Served with hot bacon dressing.
Blt Chicken
a grilled chicken breast, smoked bacon, tomatoes and american cheese.
Honey Mustard Chicken Crunch
crispy chicken tenderloins, red onions, green peppers, tomatoes, monterey jack and cheddar cheeses, bacon crisps and honey mustard dressing.
Chef Deluxe
grilled chicken, deli-sliced honey ham, smoked bacon, eggs, black olives, cheddar and monterey jack cheeses and diced tomatoes.
Grilled Chicken Chimi
tender grilled chicken, freshly diced tomatoes and red onions, topped with cheddar cheeses and one of our famous mini chimis.
No Better Burgers & Melts
Patty Melt
our ground chuck patty, grilled medium well and served with sauteed onions and american cheese on rye bread.
Reuben Melt
deli-thin corned beef, sauerkraut and swiss cheese with thousand island dressing on rye bread.
Tangler Burger
cheddar cheese, smoked bacon, crunchy onion tanglers, grey poupon bistro sauce, fresh lettuce, tomato and pickles.
BBQ Bacon Supreme Burger
smoked bacon, american cheese, tangy bbq sauce, lettuce, tomato and pickles.
choice of american, swiss or pepper jack cheese, served with lettuce, tomato and pickles.
Sunrise Burger
a sizzling fried egg, smoked bacon, hash browns, american and monterey jack cheeses and sour cream.
Sassy Pepper Jack Burger
topped with crispy smoked bacon, spicy pepper jack cheese, ranch dressing, lettuce, tomato and pickles.
Chicken Crisp Melt
crispy chicken tenderloins, bacon and pepper jack cheese with ranch dressing on grilled sourdough bread.
Bacon, Egg & Cheese Melt
smoked bacon, fried eggs, swiss, american and cheddar cheeses with mayo served on grilled sourdough bread.
Frisco Roast Beef Melt
juicy roast beef, grilled onions, american cheese and thousand island dressing on grilled sourdough bread.
Country Club Melt
butterball turkey, bacon, american cheese and thousand island dressing on grilled sourdough bread.
The Sandwich Board
Triple Decker Club
butterball turkey, smoked bacon, tomato, lettuce and mayo on toasted white or whole wheat bread.
French Dip
warm, sliced roast beef, served on a grilled hoagie roll with au jus for dipping. add for swiss cheese and grilled onions.
Kickin' Chicken
our breaded chicken breast with spicy pepper jack cheese, golden onion tanglers, smoked bacon, spicy chipotle ranch dressing, lettuce and tomato.
Honey Mustard Chicken & Bacon
choice of a grilled or breaded chicken breast with smoked bacon, lettuce, tomato and honey mustard dressing.
Grilled Chicken Rancher
grilled chicken breast topped with smoked bacon, red onions, crisp lettuce, tomato and creamy ranch dressing.
All Wrapped Up
Chef Wrap
butterball turkey, honey ham, lettuce, tomatoes, american and monterey jack cheeses, hard boiled egg and ranch dressing.
The Buffalo Wrap
crunchy chicken tenderloins coated in buffalo hot sauce with lettuce, pepper jack cheese and blue cheese dressing.
Energizer Wrap
butterball turkey, egg beaters, swiss cheese, spinach, mushrooms and tomatoes. served with a side of salsa and fruit.
Ham & Turkey Blt Wrap
thinly sliced honey ham, butterball turkey, smoked bacon, lettuce, tomatoes and ranch dressing.
Spectacular Seafood
Jumbo Shrimp Dinner
a generous portion of jumbo butterfly shrimp, breaded and deep-fried. served with zesty cocktail sauce.
Grilled Salmon
flaky and tender fillet, served with choice of the following: apricot teriyaki glaze, lemon pepper seasoning, cajun seasoning.
Salmon Dijon Calorie Counter
grilled salmon fillet, sweet honey dijon sauce, sauteed mushrooms and spinach. sprinkled with diced tomatoes and served with citrus rice.
Captain's Catch
panko-breaded cod fillets, jumbo shrimp and clam strips, deep-fried and served with onion rings, fries and side salad. (no accompaniments)
Tilapia Grille
tilapia fillets, seasoned and lightly grilled. Also available with cajun or lemon pepper seasonings.
Island Tilapia Dinner
grilled fillets island tilapia dinner glazed with orange teriyaki, topped with pineapple salsa and served on citrus rice with a side of broccoli. (no accompaniments)
Panko-breaded Cod Dinner
light, flaky cod fillets, fried to a crispy golden brown. served with tartar sauce.
Timeless Favorites
Homestyle Pot Roast
oven-roasted and served with grilled onions, green peas and rich brown gravy.
Mushroom 'n Swiss Chicken
a grilled chicken breast fillet, seasoned with lemon pepper and topped with sauteed mushrooms and swiss cheese, served on our herb rice blend.
Chicken Crisp Dinner
breaded strips of all-white chicken breast, crunchy-fried and served with honey mustard dipping sauce.
Top Sirloin Steak
a 7 oz. center-cut usda choice steak, seasoned and grilled to order for hearty taste with every bite. add for fried shrimp.
Chicken Pot Pie
chunks of tender all-white chicken with carrots, pearl onions, celery and peas in a rich cream sauce. served with a side salad. (no accompaniments). Baked fresh daily, so we may run out!
Roast Beef Dinner
tender slices of roast beef, served with hearty beef gravy.
Down Home Meatloaf
comfort food from perkins. two thick slices topped with hearty beef gravy.
Grilled Pork Chops
two moist and juicy center-cut pork chops, lightly seasoned and grilled. Also available with cajun or lemon pepper seasonings.
Butterball Turkey & Dressing
oven-roasted and hand-carved slices, served on homestyle sage dressing with hearty turkey gravy and cranberry sauce.
Country Fried Steak
this lightly breaded steak is fried golden brown and smothered with our own cream gravy.
Pasta Time
Creamy Chicken Pasta
grilled lemon pepper chicken breast tops this pasta dish with asparagus, tomatoes and creamy alfredo sauce.
Shrimp Monterey Pasta
grilled shrimp, asparagus, tomatoes and creamy alfredo sauce.
Cavatappi Marinara
tossed in a zesty marinara sauce, sprinkled with parmesan cheese. add for chicken breast, add for marinated shrimp.
On A Side Note
Side Salad
Butter-Steamed Broccoli
Glazed Baby Carrots
Buttered Corn
Green Beans With Bacon
Sauteed Asparagus
Sauteed Spinach
Baked Potato
Mashed Potatoes
Macaroni & Cheese
French Fries
Herb Rice Blend
Citrus Rice Blend
Perfect Choice!
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- On www.diningdiscountpass.com, at the upper right side of the page, click Sign Up to create a Dining Discount Pass account. Click Login to sign in if you already have a Dining Discount Pass account.
- Creating a Dining Discount Pass account and activating your code will only need to be completed once, and is good for six months.
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Once you have your Dining Discount Pass, please take note of your code and make sure to follow these steps:
- Go to My Certificates within your Restaurant.com account to find your Dining Discount Pass code.
- Write down the Dining Discount Pass code.
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Since the founding of Uniproducts India Limited, we have consistently endeavored to develop and produce superior carpets &NVH parts that win the confidence and satisfaction of our customers. Today, we are the top producer of these parts in India and a favored supplier to many customers.
Our corporate philosophy is to supply parts that fill our customers with confidence and inspiration through development of technology. Drawing on ourtechnological development capabilities, we have developed parts to give our customers maximum enjoyment.
Our long term business objectives are to achieve world class quality level and strengthen our position as a global creator of NVH components.


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By The Associated Press
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) — Arkansas' highest court has suspended a judge's ruling striking down the state's same-sex marriage ban, halting the distribution of licenses that have been issued to hundreds of gay couples.
The state Supreme Court on Friday granted a request to suspend Pulaski County Circuit Judge Chris Piazza's decision voiding a 2004 constitutional amendment defining marriage as between a man and a woman. Piazza last week struck down the ban, but expanded that ruling on Thursday to include all state laws preventing gay couples from marrying.
McDaniel and four counties named in the lawsuit asked justices to stay Piazza's ruling while it's on appeal.
More than 450 same-sex couples received marriage licenses since Piazza's ruling last week. Conway, Pulaski and Washington were the only counties issuing licenses to same-sex couples on Friday.
Seventeen other states allow gay marriage. Judges have struck down bans in Idaho, Michigan, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah and Virginia. But in Idaho, plans for same-sex marriages to begin Friday were put on hold as the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals considered whether the governor and attorney general should have more time to file an appeal a judge's ruling overturning its state ban.
The Arkansas Supreme Court had denied a request Wednesday to stay Piazza's initial ruling, but still effectively halted same-sex weddings by also noting that a separate law prohibiting clerks from issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples was still on the books.
Piazza revised his order Thursday, saying no one in the state was harmed by the marriage licenses issued to same-sex couples. He rejected the state's request to put his decision on hold, saying gay couples would be harmed by that action.
Pulaski County resumed issuing same-sex marriage licenses immediately after Piazza's ruling Thursday, while Washington County began issuing them again Friday morning. Attorney General Dustin McDaniel and four counties named in the lawsuit asked the high court to stay Piazza's decision, saying it would lead to confusion among Arkansas' 75 counties.
Friday's ruling came as Democrats in the state Legislature blocked an effort by Republicans to wade into the debate. A resolution calling on the court to uphold the gay marriage ban and invalidate the licenses issued to same-sex couples failed before a legislative panel.


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It seems that since days of yore, menu designers have been practicing their craft based on the assumption that diners' "eyes flit from place to place to find the most enticing dish," landing first on the upper half of the right side of the menu (the "sweet spot") and then kind of bopping around. Wrong: A new study coming out from San Francisco State finds that actually, people read menus like books. (Here's a draft of the study; warning, PDF.)
Calling the sweet spot theory "like a bad rumor that just kept perpetuating," the study did find that there is a "sour spot" on menus: wherever the salads are located. Surprise! Here's a press release:
Do menu 'sweet spots' really exist?
New study finds no evidence of menu sweet spots, where diners look longest, but did find sour spots
When you sit down to read a restaurant menu, do you read it like a book? Or do your eyes flit from place to place to find the most enticing dish?
A new study by SF State researcher Sybil Yang, assistant professor of hospitality and tourism management, suggests that on average diners read menus sequentially like a book, and that their gaze doesn't linger noticeably longer over any particular location on the menu. The finding goes against decades of conventional wisdom in the restaurant business that suggests there is a menu "sweet spot" where diners look the longest.
Restaurants place the items they hope to sell the most in this fabled sweet spot, lying just above the midline on the right-hand page. The sweet spot is just one strategy, along with colorful text and highlighted boxes, which menu designers use to catch a diner's wandering eye, said Yang.
It's an idea with surprisingly little data behind it, Yang found out. While researchers have studied how people scan a Web page or textbook, there are very few empirical studies of menu reading. Menu reading might be quite different from reading in other contexts, Yang pointed out, "because in a restaurant you have an audience with the motivation to read the entire thing."
"The restaurant industry has been piggybacking off past research," said Yang, without having the resources to test ideas like the sweet spot. "It's like a bad rumor that just kept perpetuating."
One widely cited study of menu "scanpaths" comes from graphic designer William Doerfler, who published an influential "focal map" of menu reading suggesting that a reader's eyes zigzag across menu pages and focus for the longest time on the right-hand sweet spot.
"I could only go from my own experience," Yang said, recalling the Doerfler study, "so I was thinking, 'am I just weird?' because I don't read it that way."
To learn more, Yang recruited test subjects to wear an infrared retinal eye scanner, read through a mock menu, and then choose a full meal as if they were at a real restaurant. She used video to record and analyze the readers' eye movements, or scanpaths as they perused the menu.
She found that on average, people read the menu sequentially like a book, moving from left to right and down the pages of the two-page menu. They read slowly, suggesting that they were reading for information rather than just scanning the pages. Yang found no evidence of a sweet spot where eyes tended to focus for the longest time, but she did notice a "sour spot" where readers focused for the least amount of time. The sour spot contained information about the restaurant and a list of salads -- which may not have been of interest to the mock diners, Yang suggested.
"The good news [for restaurants] is that people are reading the menus carefully, and that they seem to be choosing an entrée and then building a meal around it," she said.
Restaurant owners that have seen Yang's data say "that this makes absolute sense," she said, "and that they're glad to have the empirical data."
There are plenty of other tricks of the trade in menu design that deserve closer scrutiny, said Yang. One of her other research projects involves the importance of decoys on menus – "the items that are never meant to be chosen, but are placed there to affect your other choices," she explained.
The most famous example might be the $199.99 order of 20 buffalo wings and a bottle of Dom Perignon at Hooters restaurants, but many restaurants use decoys.
The details of design are especially important in an era where restaurant chains in particular have been bought by large, diversified corporations "with an interest in squeezing every one to two percent of profit out of them," Yang said. "It makes menus an even more important part of marketing."
· Do Menu 'Sweet Spots' Really Exist? [Press Release]
· Sybil Yang [Sybil Yang]
· All Menu Coverage on Eater [-E-]
[Photo: gesika22 / Flickr]


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US consumer spending up strong 0.6 percent in October
WASHINGTON (AP) — Consumers boosted their spending in October at the fastest pace in seven months, while their incomes rose by the largest amount in nine months — both good signs for future economic growth.
Consumer spending rose a sharp 0.6 percent last month, the Commerce Department reported Thursday. It was the biggest increase since a similar gain in March and was three times faster than the 0.2 percent September performance. Incomes, which provide the fuel for spending, were up 0.5 percent in October, a significant pickup from a 0.2 percent September gain.
A key gauge of inflation tied to consumer spending posted a 2 percent rise in October compared to a year ago, hitting the annual target for inflation set by the Federal Reserve.
Excluding volatile food and energy costs, inflation has posted a 12-month gain of 1.8 percent in October, down from a 1.9 percent September advance.
Analysts predicted that inflation will head even lower in coming months as energy prices fall, a development that should boost consumer spending by giving households more to spend on other items.
"With the collapse in gasoline prices likely to provide a sizeable boost to households' purchasing power over the next couple of months, the outlook for consumption remains positive, even with the boost from the earlier tax cuts now fading," said Paul Ashworth, chief U.S. economist with Capital Economics.
Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell ignited a big rally on Wall Street on Wednesday with a speech which investors read as a signal that the central bank may slow the pace of interest rate hikes next year. The Fed has boosted rates three times this year and is expected to increase rates a fourth time in December.
President Donald Trump has been vocal in his criticism of those rate hikes, blaming them for the big drop in stock prices over the past two months and arguing that they were not needed given that inflation is under control.
Both the climbs in spending and income were stronger than economists had been forecasting.
Consumer spending is closely watched because it accounts for 70 percent of economic activity. The government reported Wednesday that the overall economy, as measured by the gross domestic product, grew at a 3.5 percent rate in the July-September quarter. Economists are looking for GDP growth to slow to around 2.5 percent in the current quarter. But for the year, they expect GDP will grow by around 3 percent, the strongest performance in 13 years.
The rise in spending reflected strong gains in purchases of durable goods, items such as autos expected to last at least three years, and non-durable goods and services such as utility payments. After adjusting for inflation, the spending increase was a still-strong 0.4 percent, up from a tiny 0.1 percent inflation-adjusted rise in September.
The advance in personal incomes included a 0.3 percent rise in wages and salaries.
The faster increase in spending compared to income growth left the saving rate at 6.2 percent of after-tax income, down slightly from 6.3 percent in September.
This story has been corrected to show that the month of consumer spending report is October, not September.


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A car audio system can compromise of many different components. What good is a system with a ton of different components if you have no way to control all of them? That's the main function of your CD receiver, also sometimes known as a source unit. Kenwood decided to start 2011 with what they're mainly known for – a great lineup of in-dash stereo receivers that help you control each source that you're personal listening preference. Since Kenwood has started using Pandora Internet Radio Link with their in-dash receiver technology, you can expect to see this feature on a few of their 2011 eXcelon CD receivers.
The flagship model in the Kenwood eXcelon CD receiver lineup is the KDC-X995, which is the new version of the KDC-X994. There are three key technologies built into this unit all for the first time. You'll find a pleasing blend of HD Radio, Bluetooth, and Pandora internet radio link all built into the KDC-X995, which is designed to truly fit the audio enthusiast lifestyle. The upgraded audio and data service features of HD Radio take full advantage of the audio performance and large display of the Kenwood receiver. Pandora internet radio can now be controlled and viewed via the front panel of the KDC-X995, adding to driver safety and convenience. Through wireless connection via Bluetooth, full names and numbers from a cell phone's address book can be seen on the five-line variable color LCD display, which has easier visibility and faster scrolling of multiple names and numbers as well as music files. Selectable text sizing allows the option to choose larger text or a higher quantity of text depending on user preference. Finally, to fine tune your music, the KDC-X895 has three 4.0 volt preamp outputs with low-pass and high-pass filtering on board.
Also in the lineup are eight other receivers which feature different playback options to maximize flexibility among users. The 2011 Kenwood eXcelon CD Receivers are all designed to provide great playback in any installation.


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Wednesday, June 29, 2011
Lily Allen Does Vintage Repro
I adore this 40s day dress, with great collar and pocket details.
This ombre-dyed gown is luscious and romantic, with a pretty back collar detail.
17 comments:
I like the ombre dress most. It would be a knockout for the right occasion.ReplyDelete
Oh, it's the day dress for me. Now there's one I'd like to have a pattern for. Also, a great 30s/40s wide leg trouser that's flattering from the back (if you know what I mean)--but it's hard to find good pics!ReplyDelete
Ooh, I love the neckline of the playsuit! It would work on a dress too. And I usually don't like bandana-print, but it looks so fun in the first picture!ReplyDelete
The ombre dress is nice too, although the sleeves are a little mich for me. Really like the bust/waist-area though! Whenever I've tried dresses like that in the store they didn't fit, so they didn't look good. But if I made one for myself... hmm.
Thanks for the inspiration :)
What a fun line! It reminds me of Betsey Johnson, too. I may have to add a leopard dress to my sewing list!ReplyDelete
It's the day dress that does it for me, too. Exquisite details.ReplyDelete
Yes, I agree! I really love that sailor playsuit! ...though I agree that it is wildly impractical. I also love that bandana dress... I had to look twice to see what the fabric was. Nice. Thanks for sharingReplyDelete
I like the "honky-tonk" dress the most, but only for the style - don't do red or bandana print! What exactly is that dress style called? It is one of my most favorite styles from any era.ReplyDelete
For any and all who need (or just want) a little sewing-related humor, check out my post today:
I totally agree, while studying designers style we can often sort out some detailing that suits our ideas, however, if the line is so fantastical, quite frankly, I pass over it. This designer has a great future.ReplyDelete
That playsuit would make a GREAT bathing suit!ReplyDelete
I really like a lot of the clothing but I WISH the model was styled vintage to do the clothing justice. I understand that the designer might want to present her look as mainstream but it would have been nice...
Love, love the shoes in the first pic. Also, the pink prom dress would look adorable on my daughter.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousJune 30, 2011 at 12:26 AM
I love love love the organza prom dress! I would love to make something like that!ReplyDelete
Noooo! Don't show me that ombre dress! I want it now!ReplyDelete
Every single item you displayed fits in perfectly with today's styles. I really like the look adapted to this era, the hairstyles cause the clothes to fit into this era.ReplyDelete
These are gorgeous, and it's nice to see they haven't automatically shortened everything to modern lengths (apart from perhaps the Speakeasy flapper gown). I love love love the 30s style Regatta dress!ReplyDelete
I love the gown!ReplyDelete
The playsuit would be super cute as a swim suit, depending on the construction of course...
I really like the line! It has a really good vintage inspired twist and I think the sailor suit is based on one Lilly wore on stage (if you google it you will see what I mean)ReplyDelete
I love Lilly Allen and got excited when I found out she was going to have her own line. These dresses are perfect!ReplyDelete