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Overselling essentially means that you, as a reseller, can sell more resources than are actually available in your Reseller Hosting package. This is done by calculating quota based on utilization instead of allocation. For example:
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Your purchase our Starter Plan (20GB space, 200GB b/w, overselling enabled). In this case, you can create an account with 100GB Space and 1000GB b/w, but these values will not be deducted from your quota. This is because your quota will now be deducted based on how much your customer uses, and not based on how much you have allocated. Therefore, you can create up to 20 accounts, and allocated space and b/w which is much higher than what has been allocated to you (20GB and 200GB in this case). In essence, you are overselling to your customers because you do not expect them to use the resources you have allocated to them.
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text:
Indianapolis, IN – The Indiana Pacers acquired forward/center Luis Scola from the Phoenix Suns on Saturday in exchange for forward Gerald Green, center Miles Plumlee and a future first-round draft pick.
Scola averaged 12.8 points, 6.6 rebounds and 2.2 assists in 82 games (67 starts) last season, his first with the Suns after spending five seasons in Houston.
"I'm very, very excited to play for the Pacers," said Scola. "They are one of the top three teams in the NBA with a good shot to win a championship. I think it's a great team and this is a great opportunity. I can't wait."
The 33-year-old Argentine has career averages of 14.2 points and 7.5 rebounds per contest over 468 games (410 starts) with Houston and Phoenix.
Green was signed by the Pacers as a free agent in 2012 and played in 60 games while averaging 7.0 points per contest with a single-game high of 34.
Plumlee was selected 26th overall by the Pacers in 2012 and averaged 0.9 points and 1.9 rebounds while appearing in 14 games last season.

subset: commoncrawl


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DANGÉ, FRANÇOIS, a musician accepted as a boarder by the Jesuits of Quebec in 1662. Father Jérôme Lalemant in the Journal des Jésuites spells the surname "dangé" and "d'Anger"; J.-E. Roy gives it as "d'Augé" or "d'Auger."
The Jesuits began to accept college students as boarders in 1659; their policy was to finance "each only for the period of a year, so that they might be able to extend the charity to several." (Gosselin, in Canada and Its Provinces, XVI, 362, speaks of the "seminary" but as that was not founded until 1663 he must mean "college.") The Jesuit college had "about a score" of boarders in 1663. Lalemant wrote with reference to November 1662: "About this time, we received as boarders francois dangé, a musician, and la Marque, out of charity; for they knew not what would become of them." At Christmas of that year, the singers had been treated to a liberal share of beer and wine. "This made Amador so hoarse that he could not sing any more on the feasts; the same happened to other musicians, françois d'Anger and others." Lalemant's last reference to Dangé mentions that "On the 15th or 16th [December 1663] françois, the musician returned. We undertook to feed him out of charity, and Monseigneur the Bishop or the parish to supply him with vestitum [clothes]." The Jesuits' treatment of this young musician testifies to the importance they attached to musical talent.
JR (Thwaites), XLVII, 293, 295, 311. BRH, II (1896), 157–58. A.-E. Gosselin, "Education in Canada under the French régime," in Canada and its provinces (Shortt and Doughty), XVI, 361–73.
© 1966–2023 University of Toronto/Université Laval
Cite This Article
Helmut Kallmann, "DANGÉ, FRANÇOIS," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed September 26, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/dange_francois_1E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
|Author of Article:
|Helmut Kallmann
|Title of Article:
|Publication Name:
|Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 1
|University of Toronto/Université Laval
|Year of publication:
|Year of revision:
|Access Date:
|September 26, 2023


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U.S. Army soldiers show the German civilians of Weimar the corpses found in Buchenwald Concentration Camp
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (German: Konzentrationslager [kɔntsɛntʁaˈtsi̯oːnsˌlaːɡɐ], KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled. The first Nazi concentration camps were erected in Germany in March 1933 immediately after Hitler became Chancellor and his Nazi Party was given control over the police through Reich Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick and Prussian Acting Interior Minister Hermann Göring.[2] Used to hold and torture political opponents and union organizers, the camps initially held around 45,000 prisoners.[3]
Heinrich Himmler's SS took full control of the police and concentration camps throughout Germany in 1934–35.[4] Himmler expanded the role of the camps to holding so-called "racially undesirable elements" of German society, such as Jews, criminals, homosexuals, and Romani.[5] The number of people in camps, which had fallen to 7,500, grew again to 21,000 by the start of World War II[6] and peaked at 715,000 in January 1945.[7]
The concentration camps were administered since 1934 by Concentration Camps Inspectorate which in 1942 was merged into SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt and were guarded by SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV).
Holocaust scholars draw a distinction between concentration camps (described in this article) and extermination camps, which were established by the Nazis for the industrial-scale mass execution of the predominantly Jewish ghetto and concentration camp populations.
Pre-war camps
Use of the word "concentration" came from the idea of using documents confining to one place a group of people who are in some way undesirable. The term itself originated in the "reconcentration camps" set up in Cuba by General Valeriano Weyler in 1897. Concentration camps had in the past been used by the U.S. against Native Americans and by the British in the Second Boer War. Between 1904 and 1908, the Schutztruppe of the Imperial German Army operated concentration camps in German South-West Africa (now Namibia) as part of their genocide of the Herero and Namaqua peoples. The Shark Island Concentration Camp in Lüderitz was the biggest and the one with the harshest conditions.
When the Nazis came to power in Germany, they quickly moved to suppress all real or potential opposition. The general public was intimidated through arbitrary psychological terror of the special courts (Sondergerichte).[8] Especially during the first years of their existence these courts "had a strong deterrent effect" against any form of political protest.[9]
The first camp in Germany, Dachau, was founded in March 1933.[10] The press announcement said that "the first concentration camp is to be opened in Dachau with an accommodation for 5,000 persons. All Communists and – where necessary – Reichsbanner and Social Democratic functionaries who endanger state security are to be concentrated there, as in the long run it is not possible to keep individual functionaries in the state prisons without overburdening these prisons."[10] Dachau was the first regular concentration camp established by the German coalition government of National Socialist Workers' Party (Nazi Party) and the Nationalist People's Party (dissolved on 6 July 1933). Heinrich Himmler, then Chief of Police of Munich, officially described the camp as "the first concentration camp for political prisoners."[10]
Dachau served as a prototype and model for the other Nazi concentration camps. Almost every community in Germany had members taken there. The newspapers continuously reported of "the removal of the enemies of the Reich to concentration camps" making the general population more aware of their presence. There were jingles warning as early as 1935: "Dear God, make me dumb, that I may not come to Dachau."[11]
Between 1933 and the fall of Nazi Germany in 1945, more than 3.5 million Germans were forced to spend time in concentration camps and prisons for political reasons,[12][13][14] and approximately 77,000 Germans were executed for one or another form of resistance by Special Courts, courts-martial, and the civil justice system. Many of these Germans had served in government, the military, or in civil positions, which enabled them to engage in subversion and conspiracy against the Nazis.[8]
As a result of the Holocaust, the term "concentration camp" carries many of the connotations of "extermination camp" and is sometimes used synonymously. Because of these ominous connotations, the term "concentration camp", originally itself a euphemism, has been replaced by newer terms such as internment camp, resettlement camp, detention facility, etc., regardless of the actual circumstances of the camp, which can vary a great deal.
World War II
After September 1939, with the beginning of the Second World War, concentration camps became places where millions of ordinary people were enslaved as part of the war effort, often starved, tortured and killed.[15] During the war, new Nazi concentration camps for "undesirables" spread throughout the continent. According to statistics by the German Ministry of Justice, about 1,200 camps and subcamps were run in countries occupied by Nazi Germany,[16] while the Jewish Virtual Library estimates that the number of Nazi camps was closer to 15,000 in all of occupied Europe[17] and that many of these camps were created for a limited time before being demolished.[17] Camps were being created near the centers of dense populations, often focusing on areas with large communities of Jews, Polish intelligentsia, Communists or Romani. Since millions of Jews lived in pre-war Poland, most camps were located in the area of General Government in occupied Poland, for logistical reasons. The location also allowed the Nazis to quickly remove the German Jews from within Germany proper. In 1942, the SS built a network of extermination camps to systematically kill millions of prisoners by gassing. The extermination camps (Vernichtungslager) and death camps (Todeslager) were camps whose primary function was genocide. The Nazis themselves distinguished between concentration camps and the extermination camps.[18][19] The British intelligence service had information about the concentration camps, and in 1942 Jan Karski delivered a thorough eyewitness account to the government.
The two largest groups containing prisoners in the camps, both numbering in the millions, were the Polish Jews and the Soviet prisoners of war (POWs) held without trial or judicial process. There were also large numbers of Romani people, ethnic Poles, Serbs, political prisoners, homosexuals, people with disabilities, Jehovah's Witnesses, Catholic clergy, Eastern European intellectuals and others (including common criminals, as declared by the Nazis). In addition, a small number of Western Allied aviators were sent to concentration camps as spies.[20] Western Allied POWs who were Jews, or whom the Nazis believed to be Jewish, were usually sent to ordinary POW camps; however, a small number were sent to concentration camps under antisemitic policies.[21]
Sometimes the concentration camps were used to hold important prisoners, such as the generals involved in the attempted assassination of Hitler; U-boat Captain-turned-Lutheran pastor Martin Niemöller; and Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, who was interned at Flossenbürg on February 7, 1945, until he was hanged on April 9, shortly before the war's end.
In most camps, prisoners were forced to wear identifying overalls with colored badges according to their categorization: red triangles for Communists and other political prisoners, green triangles for common criminals, pink for homosexual men, purple for Jehovah's Witnesses, black for asocials and the "work shy", yellow for Jews, and later brown for Romani.[22]
Many of the prisoners died in the concentration camps through deliberate maltreatment, disease, starvation, and overwork, or were executed as unfit for labor. Prisoners were transported in inhumane conditions by rail freight cars, in which many died before reaching their destination. The prisoners were confined to the boxcars for days or even weeks, with little or no food or water. Many died of dehydration in the intense heat of summer or froze to death in winter. Concentration camps also existed in Germany itself, and while they were not specifically designed for systematic extermination, many of their inmates perished because of harsh conditions or were executed.
In the spring of 1941, the SS – along with doctors and officials of the T-4 Euthanasia Program – introduced the Action 14f13 programme meant for extermination of selected concentration camp prisoners.[23] The Inspectorate of the Concentration Camps categorized all files dealing with the death of prisoners as 14f, and those of prisoners sent to the T-4 gas chambers as 14f13. Under the language regulations of the SS, selected prisoners were designated for "special treatment (German: Sonderbehandlung) 14f13". Prisoners were officially selected based on their medical condition; namely, those permanently unfit for labor due to illness. Unofficially, racial and eugenic criteria were used: Jews, the handicapped, and those with criminal or antisocial records were selected.[24]:p.144 For Jewish prisoners there was not even the pretense of a medical examination: the arrest record was listed as a physician's "diagnosis".[24]:pp.147–148 In early 1943, as the need for labor increased and the gas chambers at Auschwitz became operational, Heinrich Himmler ordered the end of Action 14f13.[24]:p.150
After 1942, many small subcamps were set up near factories to provide forced labor. IG Farben established a synthetic rubber plant in 1942 at Monowitz concentration camp (Auschwitz III); other camps were set up next to airplane factories, coal mines and rocket propellant plants. Conditions were brutal and prisoners were often sent to the gas chambers or killed if they did not work quickly enough.
On 31 July 1941 Hermann Göring gave written authorization to SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, Chief of the Reich Main Security Office (RSHA), to prepare and submit a plan for a "total solution of the Jewish question" in territories under German control and to coordinate the participation of all involved government organisations.[25] The resulting Generalplan Ost (General Plan for the East) called for deporting the population of occupied Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union to Siberia, for use as slave labour or to be murdered.[26]
Towards the end of the war, the camps became sites for medical experiments. Eugenics experiments, freezing prisoners to determine how downed pilots were affected by exposure, and experimental and lethal medicines were all tried at various camps.
Total casualties
The lead editors of the Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945 of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Geoffrey Megargee and Martin Dean, cataloged some 42,500 Nazi ghettos and camps throughout Europe, spanning German-controlled areas from France to Russia and Germany itself, operating from 1933 to 1945. They estimate that 15 million to 20 million people died or were imprisoned in the sites.[27]
Some of the most notorious slave labour camps included a network of subcamps. Gross-Rosen had 100 subcamps,[28] Auschwitz had 44 subcamps,[29][29][30] Stutthof had 40 sub-camps set up contingently.[31] Prisoners in these subcamps were dying from starvation, untreated disease and summary executions by the tens of thousands already since the beginning of war.[32]
The camps were liberated by the Allied and Soviet forces between 1944 and 1945. The first major camp, Majdanek, was discovered by the advancing Soviets on July 23, 1944. Auschwitz was liberated, also by the Soviets, on January 27, 1945; Buchenwald by the Americans on April 11; Bergen-Belsen by the British on April 15; Dachau by the Americans on April 29; Ravensbrück by the Soviets on the same day; Mauthausen by the Americans on May 5; and Theresienstadt by the Soviets on May 8.[33] Treblinka, Sobibór, and Bełżec were never liberated, but were destroyed by the Nazis in 1943. Colonel William W. Quinn of the U.S. 7th Army said of Dachau: "There our troops found sights, sounds, and stenches horrible beyond belief, cruelties so enormous as to be incomprehensible to the normal mind."[34][35]
In most of the camps discovered by the Soviets, almost all the prisoners had already been removed, leaving only a few thousand alive—7,000 inmates were found in Auschwitz, including 180 children who had been experimented on by doctors.[36] Some 60,000 prisoners were discovered at Bergen-Belsen by the British 11th Armoured Division,[37] 13,000 corpses lay unburied, and another 10,000 died from typhus or malnutrition over the following weeks.[38] The British forced the remaining SS guards to gather up the corpses and place them in mass graves.[39]
Types of camps
The Nazi concentration camps have been divided by historians into several major categories based on purpose, the administrative structure, as well as inmate population profile.[27][40][41] The system of camps preceded the onset of World War II by several years and was developed gradually.
- Wild camps, or early camps, usually without proper infrastructure, springing up in each and every town across the German state beginning in 1933 like mushrooms after the rain (Himmler's quote), overseen by Nazi paramilitaries and political police utilizing any lockable larger space, i.e. engine rooms, brewery floors, storage facilities, cellars, etc.[42]
- State camps (i.e. Dachau, Oranienburg, Esterwegen) guarded by the SA; prototypes for future SS concentration camps, with the total of 107,000 prisoners already in 1935.[43]
- Hostage camps (Geisellager), known also as police prison camps (i.e. Sint-Michielsgestel, Haaren) where hostages were held and later killed in reprisal actions.[44]
- Labor camps (Arbeitslager): concentration camps where interned captives had to perform hard physical labor under inhumane conditions and cruel treatment. Some of these were sub-camps (Aussenlager) a.k.a. the Outer Camps, built around a larger central camp (Stammlager) or served as "operational camps" established for a temporary need.
- POW camps (Kriegsgefangenen-Mannschafts-Stammlager / Stalag) a.k.a. Main Camps for Enlisted Prisoners of War: concentration camps where enlisted prisoners-of-war were held after capture. They were usually assigned soon to nearby labor camps (Arbeitskommandos i.e. the Work Details. POW officers had their own camps (Offizierslager / Oflag). Stalags were for Army prisoners, but specialized camps ((Marinelager / Marlag ("Navy camps") and Marineinterniertenlager / Milag ("Merchant Marine Internment Camps")) existed for the other services. Kriegsgefangenen-Mannschafts-Stammlager Luftwaffe / Stalag Luft ("Air Forces Camps") were the only camps that detained both officers and non-commissioned personnel together.
- Camps for the so-called "rehabilitation and re-education of Poles" (Arbeiterziehungslager - "Work Instruction Camps"): camps where the intelligentsia of the ethnic Poles were held, and "re-educated" according to Nazi values as slaves.
- Collection and Transit camps: camps where inmates were collected (Sammellager) or temporarily held (Durchgangslager / Dulag) and then routed to main camps.
- Extermination camps (Vernichtungslager): These camps differed from the rest, since not all of them were also concentration camps. Although none of the categories are independent, many camps could be classified as a mixture of several of the above. All camps had some of the elements of an extermination camp, but systematic extermination of new-arrivals occurred in very specific camps. Of these, four were extermination camps, where all new-arrivals were simply killed – the "Aktion Reinhard" camps (Treblinka, Sobibór and Belzec), together with Chelmno. Two others (Auschwitz and Majdanek) were combined concentration and extermination camps. Others like Maly Trostenets were at times classified as "minor extermination camps".[41]
Post-war use
Though most Nazi concentration and extermination camps were destroyed after the war, some were made into permanent memorials. In Communist Poland, some camps such as Majdanek, Jaworzno, Potulice and Zgoda were used by the Soviet NKVD to hold German prisoners of war, suspected or confirmed Nazis and Nazi collaborators, anti-Communists and other political prisoners, as well as civilian members of the German, Silesian and Ukrainian ethnic minorities. Currently, there are memorials to both Nazi and communist camps at Potulice; they have helped to enable a German-Polish discussion on historical perceptions of World War II.[45] In East Germany, the concentration camps at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen were used for similar purposes. Dachau concentration camp was used as a detention centre for the arrested Nazis.[46]
See also
- Extermination camp
- Extermination through labor
- Final Solution
- Jewish question
- List of Nazi concentration camps
- Organization
- Identification in Nazi camps
- SS-Totenkopfverbände, Nazi guards at concentration camps
- German camp brothels in World War II
- Camp orchestras (Auschwitz)
- Camp bombing
- Other
- Neue Bremm torture camp
- German camps in occupied Poland during World War II
- Polenlager camps in Silesia
- Gulag, Soviet-era slave labour camps
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Evans 2003, pp. 344–345.
- ↑ Evans 2005, p. 81.
- ↑ Evans 2005, p. 85.
- ↑ Evans 2005, pp. 87–90.
- ↑ Evans 2005, p. 90.
- ↑ Evans 2008, p. 367.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Peter Hoffmann "The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945"p.xiii
- ↑ Andrew Szanajda "The restoration of justice in postwar Hesse, 1945–1949" p.25 "In practice, it signified intimidating the public through arbitrary psychological terror, operating like the courts of the Inquisition." "The Sondergerichte had a strong deterrent effect during the first years of their operation, since their rapid and severe sentencing was feared."
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ David Clay, "Contending with Hitler: Varieties of German Resistance in the Third Reich", p.122 (1994) ISBN 0-521-41459-8
- ↑ Otis C. Mitchell, "Hitler's Nazi state: the years of dictatorial rule, 1934–1945" (1988), p.217
- ↑ CNN – Army to honor soldiers enslaved by Nazis
- ↑ List of concentration camps and their outposts (German)
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Concentration Camp Listing Sourced from Van Eck, Ludo Le livre des Camps. Belgium: Editions Kritak; and Gilbert, Martin Atlas of the Holocaust. New York: William Morrow 1993 ISBN 0-688-12364-3. In this on-line site are published the names of 149 camps and 814 subcamps, organized by country.
- ↑ Diary of Johann Paul Kremer
- ↑ Overy, Richard. Interrogations, p. 356–7. Penguin 2002. ISBN 978-0-14-028454-6
- ↑ One of the best-known examples was the 168 British Commonwealth and U.S. aviators held for a time at Buchenwald concentration camp. (See: luvnbdy/secondwar/fact_sheets/pow Veterans Affairs Canada, 2006, "Prisoners of War in the Second World War" and National Museum of the USAF, "Allied Victims of the Holocaust".) Two different reasons are suggested for this: the Nazis wanted to make an example of theTerrorflieger ("terror-instilling aviators"), or they classified the downed fliers as spies because they were out of uniform, carrying false papers, or both when apprehended.
- ↑ See, for example, Joseph Robert White, 2006, "Flint Whitlock. Given Up for Dead: American GIs in the Nazi Concentration Camp at Berga" (book review)
- ↑ "Germany and the Camp System" PBS Radio website
- ↑ Holocaust Timeline: The Camps Archived 26 January 2010 at WebCite
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Browning 2004, p. 315.
- ↑ Snyder 2010, p. 416.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. For the map of more that 1,000 locations, see: Map of Ghettos for Jews in Eastern Europe. The New York Times. Source: USHMM.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum (2014), Podobozy KL Auschwitz (Subcamps of KL Auschwitz). Retrieved 6 October 2014.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Marek Przybyszewski, IBH Opracowania - Działdowo jako centrum administracyjne ziemi sasińskiej (Działdowo as centre of local administration). Internet Archive, 22 October 2010.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Holocaust: The events and their impact on real people, DK Publishing in conjunction with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, p. 146.
- ↑ A film with scenes from the liberation of Dachau, Buchenwald, Belsen and other Nazi concentration camps, supervised by the British Ministry of Information and the American Office of War Information, was begun but never finished or shown. It lay in archives until first aired on PBS's Frontline on May 7, 1985. The film, partly edited by Alfred Hitchcock, can be seen online at Memory of the Camps.
- ↑ Holocaust: The events and their impact on real people, DK Publishing in conjunction with the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, p. 145.
- ↑ "The 11th Armoured Division (Great Britain)", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
- ↑ "Bergen-Belsen", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
- ↑ Wiesel, Elie. After the Darkness: Reflections on the Holocaust, Schocken Books, p. 41.
- ↑ Moshe Lifshitz, "Zionism". (ציונות), p. 304
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 William L. Shirer (2002). "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich". p.967. Random House
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site. Ausstellung der KZ-Gedenkstätte Dachau. (German)
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Wachsmann, Nikolaus (2015) KL: A History of the Nazi Concentration Camps. Little Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-72967-3.
Further reading
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nazi concentration camps.
- Nazi Concentration Camps newsreel on YouTube
- The World of the Camps: Labor and Concentration Camps on the Yad Vashem website
- Pages show pictures and videos of the day taken at places connected with World War II (Second World War)
- Yad VaShem—The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority
- United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Personal Histories – Camps at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- The Holocaust History Project
- Official U.S. National Archive Footage of Nazi camps
- Concentration Camps at Jewish Virtual Library
- Memory of the Camps, as shown by PBS Frontline
- Podcast with one of 2,000 Danish policemen in Buchenwald
- Nazi Concentration Camp Page with links to original documents


text:
Cornell University
PhD. in Mathematics
Norm was 4th at the 2004 USA Weightlifting Nationals! He still trains and competes occasionally, despite his busy schedule.
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Cornell University
PhD. in Mathematics
Norm was 4th at the 2004 USA Weightlifting Nationals! He still trains and competes occasionally, despite his busy schedule.
An important limit in calculus, which is central to finding derivatives of exponential functions, involves finding the limit as h approaches 0 of a special function. This limit, one of a few important limits in Calculus, is the natural logarithm function. The function is useful in Calculus because the derivative of the natural logarithm has a very simple form.
We need a really important result before we can go on and talk about the derivatives of exponential functions and has to do with this limit. So suppose that a is some positive number, some constant I want to find out what the value of this limit is going to be. It's going to be different for every different a value. One way to do this is to make the observation that this limit is going to appear approximately equal to the different quotient itself as long as h is chosen small enough right cause I'm taking the limit as h approaches zero. So let's say for example I choose h to be I don't know 0.1, a to the 0.1 minus 1 over 0.1 this is the sort of thing I'm thinking of. This is a reasonable approximation for this limit and an even better one would involve a smaller value of h like 0.01 here and here. So that's what we're going to do and I want to look specifically at this limit when a is 2 and when a is 3, so what we're going to do right now is compare on the ti84 the limit as h approaches zero of 2 to the h minus 1 over h and ln 2. The limit as h approaches zero 3 to the h minus 1 over h and ln 3. So notice that these numbers are the same, I want to see how these values compare. So let's take a look at that on the TI-84.
Okay we're looking at the TI-84 remember the first thing we wanted to look at was the limit as h approaches zero of 2 to the h minus 1 over h. So I'm going to type in 2 to the h and I have to use alpha carat thatÂ's h minus 1 and then divided by h, so divided by alpha carat. Okay and thatÂ's 2 to the h minus 1 over h let's hit enter it equals 1. Now I haven't actually specified what the h value is so it's probably using whatever stored h value it had before I began. So let's actually see what the h value is, it's 1 alright that's pretty good but I actually need h to go to zero so I need something smaller than that. Let's try storing 0.1 so you just type in that number and then the store button, store and then alpha carat thatÂ's h. So I'm storing 0.1 as h and enter and then instead of typing this whole expression all over again, I'll do second entry, second entry and you just keep hitting second entry and it goes backwards through the entries that you've just executed, now hit this again and now notice I'm getting 0.7177 this is now the new value of the different quotient for h equals 0.1.
Now let do that again let's make smaller value of h so I've typed second entry twice get back to that command. So let me go back and then I'm going to insert second insert throw in a zero. So now it's 0.01 that's being installed as h hit enter and then hit second entry, second entry now let's execute this difference quotient again 0.69555 now remember I'm trying to figure out what limit this is approaching as h gets small. So let's keep letting h get smaller and smaller until we see some kind of limiting behavior, so second entry, hit second entry again. I'm going to now make it 0.000 so second insert another 0 now we have one thousandth and then second entry again, second entry again the different quotient execute 0.693. Okay that's pretty good 0.693 it seems like it's converged to the nearest 100 at this point. So it looks like the value is going to be about 0.693 now we're supposed to compare this value with natural log of 2.
Now this also about 0.693 so this is interesting that these are very very similar to each other. And it turns out that there are one and the same if you let h actually go to zero, this value will be exactly equal to ln2. Now I also wanted to do the same thing for 3, so hit second entry, second entry again I still have remember I have h equals 0.001 all I have to do is go over and change this to 3 to the h. Alright so just type 3 enter so remember h is 0.001 I get 1.099 let's see what ln3 is, ln3 itÂ's also when you round it to the nearest thousand is also 1.099. So it turns out that this quantity is always going to equal the natural log of this number.
Let's take this back to the board, alright so what did we just learn? What we learned is that these 2 expressions are actually equal, the limit as h approaches zero of 2 to the h minus 1 over h equals ln2. The limit as h approaches zero of 3 to the h minus 1 over h equals ln3 and in general the limit as h approaches zero of a to the h minus 1 over h equals the natural log of this number a.


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< Features
Alternative desktop environments as fallback for Gnome 3
There are many people whose hardware can't run Gnome Shell, which is Gnome 3's defining user interface. While Gnome 3 contains a fallback interface, it has clearly been stated that it won't be developed further and isn't intended to provide any good user experience. These users are many and however they can solve their problem by manually installing an alternative desktop environment, in order to help these users and provide a good default user experience to them, we should make this automatic.
There are two possible approaches to do this (whether we should go with the first or the second needs discussion)
- Detect the lack of 3D capability on first boot and present the user the option to switch to Xfce on first boot and/or installation time. See below for details.
- Modify the Gnome session to launch Xfce instead its own fallback interface
Assuming that non 3D accelerated / Otherwise not capable of running gnome-shell hardware is either old hardware that would work better with a lighter DE, or has a too low amount of RAM for running gnome-shell properly (fallback mode also require a big amount of available ram as GNOME 2.32 did).
- Name: Timur Kristóf
- Email: venemo (at) fedoraproject.org
Current status
- Targeted release: Fedora 16
- Last updated: 10th April 2011
- Percentage of completion: 0%
Detailed Description
- DVD and netinst installation
- Anaconda could detect the 3D capabilities and offer the option to default to Xfce if Gnome 3's requirements are not met.
- Live CD (needs investigation whether we can have the necessary free space or not)
- Only install Xfce basic components, use Gnome utilities (eg. gedit) which are already shipped on the installation media, instead of Xfce utilities (to save space)
- At the first boot
- Display a dialog that explains the experience of Gnome's fallback mode, Gnome Shell, and Xfce
- The dialog will select the best option for the specific hardware, but will allow the user to change the selection
- When 3D acceleration is available, gnome-shell will be selected by default
- When 3D acceleration is not available, or when the system doesn't have large amount of RAM, Xfce will be selected
- If Xfce is not installed, it will present the option to install it
- If the user selects gnome-shell, and 3D acceleration is not available, display a warning (not in a message box, but in the window itself) that gnome will start in fallback mode unless 3D acceleration is available
- The dialog will select the best option for the specific hardware, but will allow the user to change the selection
- Display a dialog that explains the experience of Gnome's fallback mode, Gnome Shell, and Xfce
Benefit to Fedora
- Better user experience for users with low-end hardware
- Fedora could lower its minimal hardware requirements to the requirements of Xfce
Changes to the first boot user interface and Anaconda are required.
How To Test
- ...?
User Experience
- Users with low-end hardware will
- Enjoy a light-wight, relatively modern, actively developed desktop environment
- Can have this without the need of any manual configuration or installation
- gnome-shell
- @xfce
- ...?
Contingency Plan
Revert any changes made to firstboot and Anaconda, continue using gnome fallback mode. (default in Fedora 15)


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Simon Pegg stars in Mission: Impossible – Fallou in theatres 7.27.18.
Facebook: https://facebook.com/MissionImpossibl…
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/missionimpo…
Twitter: https://twitter.com/missionfilm
Hashtag: #MissionImpossible
The best intentions often come back to haunt you. "MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE – FALLOUT" finds Ethan Hunt (Tom Cruise – "Top Gun," "American Made," "The Mummy") and his IMF team (Alec Baldwin – "Saturday Night Live," "The Boss Baby," "Beetlejuice," Simon Pegg – "Star Trek," "Ready Player One," Ving Rhames – "Pulp Fiction," "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2") along with some familiar allies (Rebecca Ferguson – "The Greatest Showman," "The Girl on the Train," Michelle Monaghan – "The Bourne Supremacy," "The Heartbreak Kid") in a race against time after a mission gone wrong. Henry Cavill ("Justice League," "Man of Steel"), Angela Bassett ("Black Panther," "American Horror Story"), and Vanessa Kirby ("Me Before You," "The Crown") also join the dynamic cast with filmmaker Christopher McQuarrie ("Jack Reacher") returning to the helm.
Paramount Pictures Corporation (PPC), a major global producer and distributor of filmed entertainment, is a unit of Viacom (NASDAQ: VIAB, VIA), home to premier global media brands that create compelling television programs, motion pictures, short-form content, apps, games, consumer products, social media experiences, and other entertainment content for audiences in more than 180 countries.
Connect with Paramount Pictures Online:
Official Site: http://www.paramount.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Paramount
Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/ParamountPics
Twitter: https://twitter.com/paramountpics
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/Paramount


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Springfield, Fort Mill Homes for Sale
5 Results
Search Results
- Listed by: Costello Real Estate and Investments Fort Mill LLC$1,799,000605 Bannerman Lane, Fort Mill, South Carolina SC 29715-78566 Bedrooms7 Total Baths6,210 SqFt0.610 AcresListed by: Costello Real Estate and Investments Fort Mill LLCActive$729,9001650 Fairntosh Drive, Fort Mill, South Carolina SC 29715-77255 Bedrooms4 Total Baths3,039 SqFt0.310 AcresListed by: COMPASSActive$1,525,000341 Meares Court, Fort Mill, South Carolina SC 297155 Bedrooms5 Total Baths5,127 SqFt0.560 AcresListed by: Rinehart Realty CorporationActive$775,0001720 Fairntosh Drive, Fort Mill, South Carolina SC 29715-77275 Bedrooms4 Total Baths3,615 SqFt0.290 AcresListed by: Keller Williams ConnectedPending$1,250,0001266 Edbrooke Lane, Fort Mill, South Carolina SC 29715-00495 Bedrooms5 Total Baths4,333 SqFt0.310 AcresThe data relating to real estate on this Web site derive in part from the Canopy MLS. IDX program. Brokers make an effort to deliver accurate information, but buyers should independently verify any information on which they will rely in a transaction. All properties are subject to prior sale, change or withdrawal. Neither The Maxwell House Group | Savvy + Co Real Estate nor any listing broker shall be responsible for any typographical errors, misinformation, or misprints, and they shall be held totally harmless from any damages arising from reliance upon this data. This data is provided exclusively for consumers personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties they may be interested in purchasing. Proprietary Information © 2023 Canopy MLS. All Rights Reserved. Certain information contained herein is derived from information which is the licensed property of, and copyrighted by, Canopy MLS. Some IDX listings have been excluded from this website. Based on information submitted to the MLS GRID as of Sunday, September 24th, 2023 at 04:10:36 PM. All data is obtained from various sources and may not have been verified by broker or MLS GRID. Supplied Open House Information is subject to change without notice. All information should be independently reviewed and verified for accuracy. Properties displayed may be listed or sold by various participants in the MLS. Digital Millennium Copyright information can be found here.Data services provided by IDX Broker


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Missionaries Serving in Romania
Floyd Frantz became interested in serving as an Orthodox missionary in 1998, after attending a presentation by former OCMC missionaries Craig and Victoria Goodwin about their work in Romania. Their report about the high level of addiction amongst the young people living on the streets in Romania interested Floyd, who by profession is an addictions counselor. That same year while on a fact finding trip to Romania he noticed not only the high alcoholism rates, but also the poverty and general need of the population in Romania. There were no treatment programs for alcoholism, and generally alcoholics were looked on as being a lost cause, even by the Church. As a response to this in November of 2000 he began the St. Dimitrie Program in Cluj, Romania, and since that time he has been developing education and alcoholism treatment programs through the Orthodox Church in Romania. Much of his work is with the homeless and disenfranchised of the society, especially those in hospitals and institutions. Currently the St. Dimitrie Program has a day-center/social cantina in Cluj, and does counseling in two hospitals and an out patient clinic. It also has a weekly information and counseling program at a high security prison in Gherla, Romania. Their education program is active throughout Romania and parts of the Republic of Moldova, and is now partnering with the "National Anti-Drug Program of the Romanian Orthodox Church", of which Floyd is a coordinator.
Floyd's lovely wife Ancuta is a native Romanian and is the director of the Protection of the Theotokos Family Center. Started through OCMC in 2005, the Protection Center is aimed at the prevention of child abandonment. According to official Romanian statistics, in 2006 there were over 7,000 children abandoned by their families in Romania. Ancuta's day-care and counseling project works in conjunction with the local child protection agency and the Orthodox Church to minister to new mothers by offering counseling and material support so that they will not abandon their children due to poverty or feelings of hoplessness. Currently the center is serving 18 children and their mothers.
Working through OCMC and the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Franztes thank you for your continued prayer and financial support.
October 2023
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November 2023
There are no events in this list.


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Flow & Yin Yoga Tuesday mornings by the lake avec Ludmila Bien être
Viens Taking some time to connect with yourself jeudi à .
Taking some time to connect with yourself on a Tuesday morning with some sweet and dynamic Vinyasa Flow, ending with relaxing Yin yoga in front of the magical lake will fill your body, mind and soul with beauty, love and vibrant energy.
Vinyasa Flow yoga connects the breath with movement, developing your strength and flexibility, while during Yin, you will have time to stay still and connect with the depths of your body and mind. ALL LEVELS welcomed! :)
Every Tuesday at 9:30 AM, no need to reserve.
In the deck of La Jetée de la Compagnie
Your yoga mat,comfy clothing, sweater/something to cover in case is chilly, water.
☆ DONATION BASED, minimum 10 CHF.
In case of rain or bad weather the class will be cancelled the day before.
If any questions or comments let me know.
Looking forward to guiding you in this magical place ☆
With love & gratitude
Ludmila Victoria Bueno


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- Home
- About Me
- About this Blog
- Recipe Index
- Reflections and Reviews
- Kitchen Notes
- Blogroll
Wednesday, 13 November 2013
Apple and white chocolate blondies
I am sending these blondies to Jac at Tinned Tomatoes for Bookmarked Recipes.
Previously on Green Gourmet Giraffe:
One year ago: Corn fritters
Two years ago: WHB Spinach pancakes - a little less ordinary
Three years ago: Entertaining for everyone - rice paper rolls and rice salad
Four years ago: The Wall, Rose Petals and Biscuits
Five years ago: Indulgently frugal fudge slice
Six years ago: Easy Peasy Risotto Soup
Apple and White Chocolate Blondies
Adapted from The Kitchen Maid
250g apples (about 3 largish Granny Smith apples or use unsweetened applesauce)
235g butter, diced (I used margarine)
235g white chocolate, roughly chopped
200g brown sugar
3 eggs
150g plain flour (I used 100g white 50g wholemeal)
1 and 1/2 tsp baking powder
1/2 tsp cinnamon
Pinch of salt
Peel. quarter, core and thinly slice apples. Place in small to medium saucepan with a splash or two of water and cook over low heat until apples are mushy. (I didn't time this - it is not too long - perhaps 20 minutes - so stir occasionally and keep an eye on them.)
Melt butter and white chocolate in large heatproof bowl in the microwave (or over the stovetop). Beat together the eggs and sugar until creamy. Add the white chocolate mixture and beat in. Stir in the apple and then the flour, baking powder, cinnamon and salt until mixed. Pour into a greased and lined cake tin (I used a swiss roll tin but I think a smaller slice tin might work ok as mine were rather small).
Bake at 180 C for about 25 to 35 minutes until golden brown and coming away from the sides. They will still be very soft in the middle. Rest for about 30 minutes before carefully turning out of tin to cool on a wire rack. Best eaten warm from oven or after about day 2 or 3. Patience will be rewarded!
On the stereo:
The Singles: Suede
9 comments:
I'll make these next time I make Dorie's compote de pommes!ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks Yummy C - am sure Dorie's applesauce would be great in this - I was pleasantly surprised that the taste of apples came throughDelete
- Anonymous14 November 2013 at 12:08
glorious blondies...thoroughly addictive :-)ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks Kumara - you are right - we really could have eaten these til we were holding our bellies and groaning :-)Delete
I still find it amusing that Victoria has Melbourne Cup day as a public holiday. I think you spent it perfectly, even if it was rather chaotic in the lead up to going out - and these clearly turned out very well. I do feel for you having to work around 'bits' though! I wonder how long that childhood taste phase lasts.ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks Kari - there is something quite old fashioned about public holidays which reflect back on a time when the national or the town gathered together for an event. And no holidays more so than the melbourne cup. I am not sure how long the bits issue lasts but I know quite a lot of adults who are not keen on fruit cake and apparently my niece at 9 is still finding she dislikes things she liked quite recently - so I only avoid bits on occasion, not always.Delete
Your blondies look soooo good. Would I sound too juvenile if I said I wanted one of those rainbow jellies?ReplyDeleteReplies
Thanks Cakelaw - the rainbow jellies are so much fun to look at but the blondies were delicious - is that too grown up of me to say (or does it just show I was never crazy about jelly as a kid)?Delete
Another lovely day in the sun and oh my those blondies sound good. I think I am jealous all round really as we sit here shivering and sniffling, with none of these blondies to chomp :(ReplyDelete
Thanks for entering them into Bookmarked recipes, the roundup is now up.
Thanks for dropping by. I love hearing from you. Please share your thoughts and questions. Annoyingly the spammers are bombarding me so I have turned on the pesky captcha code (refresh to find an easy one if you don't like the first one)


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Tutorial Voting: Icecold Crash!
by Massive Voodoo
Tuesday again and time for tutorial voting via MV's year of the painter 2.
If you want to keep track with an overview on what has happened so far
please check this link!
Support MV!
If you like to support the monkeys of Massive Voodoo in what they do, please feel invited to drop a jungle donation in their direction via paypal or check their miniatures they got on sale.
Step by Step: Davidé vs. Goliath
In this article you can follow Roman through one of his recently finished bigger projects. A duel in an icecold desert. A gathering of Goliath and Davidé, ready to battle fiercly.
Step by Step: Crashed X-Wing
In this article you can follow Roman through one of his recently finished projects: a crashed, tiny X-Wing. Learn about how you can work with tiny, tiny details, weather the smallest areas ever and how to transport a good portion of humor.
Happy Voting Time!


text:
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Durham Statement
On 7 November 2008, the directors of the law libraries at the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Cornell University, Duke University, Georgetown University, Harvard University, New York University, Northwestern University, the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University, the University of Texas, and Yale University met in Durham, North Carolina at the Duke Law School. That meeting resulted in the "Durham Statement on Open Access to Legal Scholarship," which calls for all law schools to stop publishing their journals in print format and to rely instead on electronic publication coupled with a commitment to keep the electronic versions available in stable, open, digital formats.
Particularly now, with growing financial pressures on law school budgets, ending print publication of law journals deserves serious consideration. Very few law journals receive enough in subscription income and royalties to cover their costs of operation. The Statement anticipates both that the costs for printing and mailing can be eliminated, and that law libraries can reduce their costs for subscribing to, processing, and preserving print journals. There are additional benefits in improving access to journals that are not now published in open access formats and in reducing paper consumption.
Each of the directors who signed the Statement agreed to take it to the dean of their school for discussion and signature. It has also been signed by the chief information officers at top U.S. law schools. The Statement is being posted and publicized in hopes that more signatures can be gathered and that all law schools will begin to moving toward accomplishing its goals.
We hope that you too will agree that this is a worthwhile endeavor, and will sign the Statement, help us gain more support for it, and work to effect its goals.
For further information, please read our answers to these Frequently Asked Questions or contact:
Richard Danner
Rufty Resesarch Professor of Law
Senior Associate Dean for Information Services
Duke Law School
February 11, 2009
Objective: The undersigned believe that it will benefit legal education and improve the dissemination of legal scholarly information if law schools commit to making the legal scholarship they publish available in stable, open, digital formats in place of print. To accomplish this end, law schools should commit to making agreed-upon stable, open, digital formats, rather than print, the preferable formats for legal scholarship. If stable, open, digital formats are available, law schools should stop publishing law journals in print and law libraries should stop acquiring print law journals. We believe that, in addition to their other benefits, these changes are particularly timely in light of the financial challenges currently facing many law schools.
Rationale: Researchers – whether students, faculty, or practitioners – now access legal information of all sorts through digital formats much more frequently than in printed formats. Print copies of law journals and other forms of legal scholarship are slower to arrive than the online digital versions and lack the flexibility needed by 21st century scholars. Yet, most law libraries perceive a continuing need also to acquire legal scholarship in print formats for citation and archiving. (Some libraries are canceling print editions if commercial digital versions are available; others continue to acquire print copies but throw them away after a period of time.)
It is increasingly uneconomical to keep two systems afloat simultaneously. The presumption of need for redundant printed journals adds costs to library budgets, takes up physical space in libraries pressed for space, and has a deleterious effect on the environment; if articles are uniformly available in stable digital formats, they can still be printed on demand. Some libraries may still choose to subscribe to certain journals in multiple formats if they are available. In general, however, we believe that, if law schools are willing to commit to stable and open digital storage for the journals they publish, there are no longer good reasons for individual libraries to rely on paper copies as the archival format. Agreed-upon stable, open, digital formats will ensure that legal scholarship will be preserved in the long-term.
In a time of extreme pressures on law school budgets, moving to all electronic publication of law journals will also eliminate the substantial costs borne by law schools for printing and mailing print editions of their school's journals, and the costs borne by their libraries to purchase, process and preserve print versions.
Additionally, and potentially most importantly, a move toward digital files as the preferred format for legal scholarship will increase access to legal information and knowledge not only to those inside the legal academy and in practice, but to scholars in other disciplines and to international audiences, many of whom do not now have access either to print journals or to commercial databases.
Call to Action: We therefore urge every U.S. law school to commit to ending print publication of its journals and to making definitive versions of journals and other scholarship produced at the school immediately available upon publication in stable, open, digital formats, rather than in print.
We also urge every law school to commit to keeping a repository of the scholarship published at the school in a stable, open, digital format. Some law schools may choose to use a shared regional online repository or to offer their own repositories as places for other law schools to archive the scholarship published at their school.
Repositories should rely upon open standards for the archiving of works, as well as on redundant formats, such as PDF copies. We also urge law schools and law libraries to agree to and use a standard set of metadata to catalog each article to ensure easy online public indexing of legal scholarship.
As a measure of redundancy, we also urge faculty members to reserve their copyrights to ensure that they too can make their own scholarship available in stable, open, digital formats. All law journals should rely upon the AALS model publishing agreement as a default and should respect author requests to retain copyrights in their scholarship.


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Category talk:Roman Catholic Popes
A couple of problems: 1. "Popes" doesn't specify between Rome and Alexandria. 2. Putting this category in the category of "Non-Orthodox" would thus put all the clearly Orthodox popes (whether of Rome or Alexandria) also in that category.
I recommend changing this category to "Roman Catholic popes" and that there should also be categories for "Popes of Rome" (i.e., the Orthodox ones) and "Popes of Alexandria" (there is a cat for "Patriarchs of Alexandria" but it really ought to be "Popes of Alexandria"). —Fr. Andrew talk contribs 11:44, March 2, 2007 (PST)
- You are right, it has been moved. Andrew 12:42, March 2, 2007 (PST)


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Security video shows a Florida sheriff's deputy go toward the high school building while a gunman massacred 17 students and staff members, but he stayed outside with his handgun drawn.
The latest on the Parkland school shooting
The Broward County Sheriff's Office released the video Thursday showing Deputy Scot Peterson's actions during the Feb. 14 shooting. It shows him and a staff member rushing toward the building in a cart. He pulls his weapon and takes up a position outside the building. During much of the shooting, the camera's view of Peterson is blocked by a light pole but parts of him occasionally appear.
Sheriff Scott Israel blasted Peterson eight days after the shooting, saying Peterson should have "went in, addressed the killer, killed the killer."
The 54-year-old deputy retired rather than accept a suspension. He is still being investigated by internal affairs.


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HAZMAT - Safety
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
Hazardous Material Control and Management (HMC&M) focuses on preventing, minimizing, or eliminating the introduction of hazardous material (HM or HAZMAT) into the Navy system, substituting less hazardous HM for HM already in the Navy system, safely using HM in the workplace, and safely handling and disposing of hazardous waste (HW or HAZWASTE). HMC&M incorporates the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication (HAZCOM) Standard, the OSHA Hazardous Waste and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) Standard, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA). HMC&M involves a variety of local organizational and functional elements due to the federal, state and local right-to-know laws, overlapping requirements of the laws, and regulations that affect HM use and the logistic aspects of supply and material disposition.
HMC&M reinforces the importance of many basic Safety and Occupational Health (SOH) objectives and functions. All SOH personnel have a crucial role in support of the HMC&M program. Active participation of SOH staff in the program should reduce unnecessary functional overlaps and duplication of effort within the activity or region organization. Further, active and aggressive safety, HMC&M, and HAZCOM efforts are an optimal means to eliminate or control personnel exposures to HM in the workplace, as well as reducing Navy liability related to HM use. Management leadership and the active involvement of employees and supervisors in implementing HMC&M-related programs are essential.
HAZMAT Resources
DoD Instructions and Manuals:
- DoD 4140.1-R, Supply Chain Material Management Regulation
- DoD 4140.27-M, Shelf Life Management
- DoD 4160.21-M Chapter 10, Environmentally Regulated and Hazardous Property
- DoD 4715.4-I, Pollution Prevention
- DoD 4715.6-I, Environmental Compliance
- DoD 6050.05-I, Hazardous Communication (HAZCOM) Program
Navy Instructions:
- OPNAVINST 5100.23G Chapter 7, HMC&M
- OPNAVINST 5090.1D, Environmental Readiness Program
- NAVSUP PUB 573, Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials
Local Instructions:
OSHA Guides and Fact Sheets:
- OSHA Brief - "Hazard Communication Standard: Labels and Pictograms"
- OSHA Brief - "Hazard Communication Standard: Safety Data Sheets"
- OSHA's Guide to the GHS
- Laboratory Safety Guidance
- OSHA Laboratory Standard
- Biosafety Cabinets
- Laboratory Safety - Ergonomics
- Laboratory Safety - Noise
- Laboratory Safety - Electrical Hazards
- Autoclaves/ Sterilizers
- Centrifuges
- Chemical Fume Hoods
- Cryogens and Dry Ice
- Labeling and Chemical Transfer
NPS Process Charts:


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CALGARY -- A protest planned for Friday afternoon in Calgary to condemn alleged violent and racist postings has been cancelled after an apology from the Western Standard magazine.While I'm sure Johnson and Levant's pocketbooks and still-attached skulls are appreciating what happened, I'm certainly not. Let them have their protest. Have some of Ezra's friends there with cameras, getting close up photos of every single one of them. Post them on the blog the next day. Make it abundantly clear that they aren't the only ones who know how to do a half-decent intimidation.
Two human rights complaints against the online magazine also were dropped after the Western Standard's owner apologized, said the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada.
"In the spirit of Eid al-Adha and Christmas, Imam Syed Soharwardy has decided to withdraw his complaint from the Alberta Human Rights and Citizenship Commission and the Canadian Human Rights Commission in Ottawa," the group stated in a press release.
Soharwardy said he had invited Matthew Johnston, owner of the Western Standard, to visit Al Madinah Calgary Islamic Centre and talk to the Muslim community on any Friday.
The comments appeared on the Shotgun Blog of the Western Standard website.
The entry, dated Dec. 5 and written by a user calling himself 'Templar,' said, "there is no such thing as innocent Muslims."
Templar went on to write, "They must all be killed. All of them."
"This is absolutely pure hate-mongering," said Soharwardy earlier this week. "It's an abuse of freedom of speech. It's against Canadian (hate) laws."
The original Dec. 2 posting that sparked the user comments was written by former Western Standard publisher Ezra Levant. He was discussing complaints by the Canadian Islamic Congress against Maclean's magazine.
It was the anonymous response to Levant's posting that angered Muslim leaders.
Levant, who no longer owns the website or the Western Standard name, said he doesn't personally agree with the comments, but argued they should be protected as free speech.
The Western Standard website initially said the comments were protected by the principle of freedom of speech, but added changes were in the works for the blog.
Learn from the Jedi Master, for Pete's sake!


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Rapper Eminem issued a statement regarding his recent divorce from his wife, Kimberly Mathers.
Em, born Marshall Mathers, filed for divorce from his childhood love for a second time earlier this week, after being remarried in January.
The rapper addressed a recent radio interview Kim conducted on the Mojo in the Morning show on channel 95.5.
According to Kim, the split occurred because the superstar rapper is still hooked on drugs.
She also claimed a lawyer surprised her with divorce papers on Wednesday (April 6).
"It was really quite a shock to me. It's in his best interest that he does return to rehab, but yeah that's one of the main problems, ya know. He's not been honest and he left a month and a half ago."
Kim, who was in and out of trouble and rehab over the past few years, said she has been clean and sober for two years.
Eminem responded to his ex's comments in a statement.
"The details surrounding both my marriage and subsequent filing for divorce are private and I hoped to keep then that way for the sake of my family," Eminem said in a written statement released by his manager Paul Rosenberg and spokesperson Dennis Dennehy. "However, a few of Kim's statements in a radio interview this morning need to be addressed. First, her allegations regarding my status post-rehab are both untrue and unfortunate. Second, she was aware that I was filing for divorce. We both tried to give our marriage another chance and quickly realized that a wedding doesn't fix the underlying problems."
According to Kim, the couple's ten-year-old daughter Hailie found out about the divorce listening to the radio.
Eminem's grandmother, Betty Kresin took the time to call in to The Drew & Mike Show on channel 101.
"I told him from the beginning it would not work. I'm glad he came to his senses early. Marshall I'm sure gave it 200 percent, where Kim probably gave it 1 percent," she said.
Eminem and Kim Mathers married in June of 1999, but divorced one year later amidst maritial problems.
Kim also expressed regret for the way their relationship ended.
"I love you and I'm here for you if you need anybody," Kim said. "And I'm really sorry that things happened this way."


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GAINESVILLE, Fla. — Over the past two decades, Florida cattle ranchers have spent as much as $16 million a year doing battle with an invasive weed called tropical soda apple, known as TSA, that takes over pastures, elbowing out the forage grasses ranchers need for their cattle.
But a beetle released by the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is taking a bite out of the problem by feeding on the weed and reducing its competitiveness. UF researchers describe the beetle's success as a biological control agent in the current issue of the journal Florida Entomologist.
Gratiana boliviana, as the beetle is known to scientists, is a native of South America and the first biological control agent in North America to be used against TSA. The beetles are highly specific feeders whose voracious appetite is focused only on TSA but not on related plants such as eggplant, peppers or potatoes.
Julio Medal, the UF entomologist who led the research team that released the beetle, said TSA has not only been a problem on cattle ranches but also in citrus groves and vegetable fields.
"It causes a lot of economic problems, and to prevent its spread, you can't move cattle from Florida to other states without holding them at least six days in a TSA-free area," he said. This is enough time to destroy the viability of any TSA seeds that may be in their digestive tracts.
Nearly 200,000 beetles have been released in the state since 2003, and the insect is now established throughout Central and South Florida. In the journal, Medal reported that the beetles caused the invasive weed to suffer significant defoliation as well as decreased fruit, and thus seed production, in Polk and Okeechobee counties.
TSA can grow taller than 3 feet and equally wide. Its leaves are covered in long spikes, and its immature fruits with pale and dark green stripes resemble small watermelons. It is an aggressive propagator, and cattle will not feed on its leaves.
TSA is native to South America and was discovered in the U.S. more than 20 years ago in Glades County. It now covers more than 1 million acres in Florida and has spread to other states including Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas.
Buzz Eaves, a cattle rancher in St. Lucie County, first encountered TSA in 2000 when it began overtaking his forage grasses. After four years of aggressive campaigning against the weed using herbicides, fire and mowing, Eaves allowed IFAS researchers to release the Gratiana boliviana beetles on his ranch. Eaves said for the first two years the beetles worked slowly on the TSA and steadily increased in number.
"And then the following year, we had pretty much reached a biological balance with the plants," Eaves said. "The TSA plants would start growing in the springtime and be followed a month or two later by the beetles. And the beetles would work on them all summer long, and by the end of the summer, those plants would be skeletonized and away we go to another year."
Eaves said the beetles have reduced his annual spending on TSA control from as much as $25,000 to nothing.
Medal is working to gain approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture for the North Florida release of two more TSA biological control insects. These insects are better adapted to colder climates than Gratiana boliviana, which has failed to establish north of Central Florida.
*The post is written by – Robert H. Wells
*Source: University of Florida


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Public health advocates, when asked what single intervention would most dramatically prolong human life, tend to be unanimous:
"Stop Smoking"
While some anti-smoking campaigs suggest a 30-year-old could live as much as 25 additional years by not smoking, other estimates suggest a typical smoker could live an extra ten years by quitting.
A paper in this week's edition of Current Biology reminds us that there is another practice, long-established in some cultures, that more dramatically prolongs lifespan in people eligible to undergo it:
Unfortunately it isn't an especially practical intervention to prolong lifespan.
As long ago as 1969, a study of patients in U.S. mental hospitals showed that castrated patients lived an average of 13.6 years longer than intact patients. The mere fact that an appreciable number were castrated hints at the barbaric treatment of inmates in these institutions. Fair to say this was not a particularly representative population of castrated men, if such a population exists.
The new development involves the analysis of data from the Yang-Se-Gye-Bo -- an 1805 genealogy of Korean eunuchs. As Kyung-Jin Min, Cheoi-Koo Lee and Han-Nam Park explain in their paper:
The Imperial court of the Korean Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910)... had eunuchs ...[who]... lived with privileges: Korean eunuchs were conferred with official ranks and were legally allowed to marry, a practice that was officially banned in the Chinese Empire. In addition, married couples were also entitled to have children by adopting castrated boys or normal girls. The boys lost their reproductive organs in accidents, or they underwent deliberate castration to gain access to the palace before becoming a teenager.
The average lifespan of the 81 eunuchs for whom the authors could extract reliable data was 70 years. By comparison, contemporary non-eunuchs from families of similar social status lived an average of between 51 years (the shortest lived family) and 56 years (the longest-lived family).
Interestingly, out of the 81 eunuchs, three were centenarians. The current incidence of centenarians is one per 3,500 in modern Japan (the country with the highest survival to 100). Thus, the incidence of centenarians among Korean eunuchs was at least 130 times higher than in the most centenarian-rich modern society.
Eunuch longevity is also probably not due to cushy palace living. Kings and male royal family members only lived to averages of 47 and 45 years old, respectively.
This effect is never going to be subject to randomized controlled experiment on a representative population. A near-infinite number of aspects of the lives of eunuchs would have differed from the lives of other men.
But that is also the point. Extended longevity isn't simply due to the magical effects of lower testosterone on otherwise-identical bodies. Sex hormones change everything about our lives because they mediate the investments we make in reproduction. And for men that includes the jostling for status, the respect of other men and the attention of potential mates. And these all lead to stress, risk-taking, violence, and even homicide.
And while they are typically different, the costs of reproduction paid by women may be even more dramatic than those paid by men. For example, reducing fertility is associated with longer lives and lower rates of obesity in women.
The real value of stopping to consider the lives of Korean Eunuchs who lived hundreds of years ago is to consider the toll that investments in reproduction take on the lives women and men lead today.
Are there less dramatic and more humane ways in which we can moderate the effects of sexual competition and reproduction on lifespans, ageing and quality of life?
Rob Brooks does not work for, consult to, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has no relevant affiliations.
This article was originally published at The Conversation.
Read the original article.


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3320.0 - Deaths From External Causes, Australia, 1998 to 2002
ARCHIVED ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 06/02/2004
|Page tools: Print Page Print All
Death rate from external causes highest in the Northern Territory
During 1998-2002, rates of death from external causes (accidents and injuries) in the Northern Territory were the highest of all states and territories, according to figures released by the Australian Bureau of Statistics today.
After adjusting for age, the NT rate of deaths from external causes was 90 deaths per 100,000 people, compared with the national rate of 42.
Rates of transport accident deaths were highest in the NT of all states and territories, at an age adjusted rate of 28 deaths per 100,000 people (compared with 10 nationally).
Pedestrian deaths were also high in the Territory, at an age-adjusted rate of 6 deaths per 100,000 people (compared with 2 nationally).
The age-adjusted NT suicide death rate was 21 deaths per 100,000 people, compared with the national rate of 13 during 1998-2002.
The rates of death from falls, assault and accidental drowning were all higher in the NT than all other states and territories.
Further details are in Deaths from External Causes (cat. no. 3320.0).
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Someone might want to check on Jerry Jones because the Houston Texans are about to take a title the Cowboys have held since 2009. This Sunday, the Texans will unveil the biggest jumbotron in the NFL.
Produced by Mitsubishi, the Reliant Stadium screen is a made up of a series of connected boards, each measuring 52 feet high by 277 feet wide, for a total 14,549 feet of display that's packed with 5.28 million pixels. It's a whole 25 percent larger than the Cowboys Stadium behemoth, which is 72 feet high by 160 feet wide, or 11,520 square feet in all. The Cowboys still have a small advantage in that, with a 16 by 9 aspect ratio, their board can be used for either replays or a live feed. Reliant Stadium screen is not quite the biggest board in pro sports, however. NASCAR owns that with Charlotte's Speedway One.
But everything is definitely bigger in Texas—this comparison chart by designer Daniel Beaton shows how the Reliant Stadium screen stacks up to other, lesser displays in football. Houston has certainly left them in the dust:
So while the Texans might not boast any Super Bowl rings, they've got one new title on lock. But what do fans look at when they go to a Texans game? [Houston Chronicle, Houston Texans, FastCo via Engadget via The Verge]
Update: As reader Football talk points out, the Denver Broncos, not the Tennessee Titans, now have the third largest screen in the NFL, thanks to the new board the team revealed last month.


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John Foster Dulles
Quick Facts
|United States Secretary of State
|Politician Diplomat Lawyer
|United States of America
|Law Politics
|25 February 1888, Washington, D.C.
|24 May 1959, Washington, D.C. (aged 71 years)
John Foster Dulles (/ˈdʌləs/; February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) served as U.S. Secretary of State under Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against Communism throughout the world. He negotiated numerous treaties and alliances that reflected this point of view. He advocated support of the French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina but rejected the Geneva Accords that France and the Communists agreed to, and instead supported South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference in 1954.
Early life
Born in Washington, D.C., he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife, Edith (née Foster). His paternal grandfather, John Welsh Dulles, had been a Presbyterian missionary in India. His maternal grandfather, John W. Foster doted on Dulles and his brother Allen, who would later become the director of the CIA. The brothers attended public schools in Watertown, New York.
Dulles attended Princeton University and graduated as a member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1908. At Princeton, Dulles competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team. He then attended the George Washington University Law School in Washington, D.C.
Marriage and family
Both his grandfather Foster and his uncle Robert Lansing, the husband of Eleanor Foster, had held the position of Secretary of State. His younger brother Allen Welsh Dulles served as Director of Central Intelligence under Dwight D. Eisenhower, and his younger sister Eleanor Lansing Dulles was noted for her work in the successful reconstruction of the economy of post-war Europe during her 20 years with the State Department.
On June 26, 1912, Dulles married Janet Pomeroy Avery (1891–1969), with whom he had two sons and a daughter. Their older son John W. F. Dulles (1913–2008) was a professor of history and specialist in Brazil at the University of Texas at Austin. Their daughter Lillias Dulles Hinshaw (1914–1987) became a Presbyterian minister. Their son Avery Dulles (1918–2008) converted to Roman Catholicism, entered the Jesuit order, and became the first American theologian to be appointed a Cardinal.
Early career
Upon graduating from law school and passing the bar examination, Dulles joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, where he specialized in international law. After the start of World War I, Dulles tried to join the United States Army, but was rejected because of poor eyesight. Instead, Dulles received an Army commission as Major on the War Industries Board. Dulles later returned to Sullivan & Cromwell and became a partner with an international practice.
In 1915, Dulles' uncle, Robert Lansing, then the U.S. Secretary of State, recruited him to travel to Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, ostensibly on Sullivan & Cromwell company business, but in reality to sound out Latin American heads of state on aiding the US war effort against Germany. Dulles advised Washington to support Costa Rica's dictator Federico Tinoco on the grounds that he was anti-German, and also encouraged Nicaraguan dictator Emianiano Camorro to issue a proclamation suspending diplomatic relations with Germany. In Panama, Dulles offered waiver of the US tax on the annual Canal fee, so long as Panama declared war on Germany.
In 1918, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the Versailles Peace Conference where he served under his uncle, Secretary of State Robert Lansing. Dulles made an early impression as a junior diplomat by clearly and forcefully arguing against imposing crushing reparations on Germany. Afterwards, he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee at Wilson's request. He was also an early member, along with future First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, of the League of Free Nations Association, founded in 1918 and after 1923 known as the Foreign Policy Association, which supported American membership in the League of Nations.
As a partner in Sullivan & Cromwell, Dulles expanded upon his late grandfather Foster's expertise, specializing in international finance. He played a major role in designing the Dawes Plan, which reduced German reparations payments and temporarily resolved the reparations issue by having American firms lend money to German states and private companies. Under that compromise, the money was invested and the profits sent as reparations to Britain and France, which used the funds to repay their own war loans from the U.S. In the 1920s Dulles was involved in setting up a billion dollars' worth of these loans.
Dulles, a deeply religious man, attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s. In 1924, he was the defense counsel in the church trial of Rev. Harry Emerson Fosdick, who had been charged with heresy by opponents in his denomination (the event which sparked the continuing Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy in the international Christian Churches over the literal interpretation of Scripture versus the newly developed "Historical-Critical" method including recent scientific and archeological discoveries). The case settled when Fosdick, a liberal Baptist, resigned his pulpit in the Presbyterian Church congregation, which he had never joined.
After the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Dulles' previous practice brokering and documenting international loans ended. After 1931 Germany stopped making some of its scheduled payments. In 1934 Germany unilaterally stopped payments on private debts of the sort that Dulles was handling. In 1935, with the Nazis in power, Sullivan & Cromwell's junior partners forced Dulles to cut all business ties with Germany. Dulles was then prominent in the religious peace movement and an isolationist, but the junior partners were led by his brother Allen, so he reluctantly acceded to their wishes.
Dulles was a prominent Republican and a close associate of Thomas E. Dewey, who became the Republican presidential nominee in the elections of 1944 and 1948. During the '44 and '48 campaigns Dulles served as Dewey's chief foreign policy adviser. In 1944, Dulles took an active role in establishing the Republican plank calling for the establishment of a Jewish commonwealth in Palestine.
In 1945, Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference as an adviser to Arthur H. Vandenberg and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter. He attended the United Nations General Assembly as a United States delegate in 1946, 1947 and 1950.
Dulles strongly opposed the US atomic attacks on Japan. In the immediate aftermath of the bombings he drafted a public statement that called for international control of nuclear energy under United Nations auspices. Dulles wrote:
If we, as a professedly Christian nation, feel morally free to use atomic energy in that way, men elsewhere will accept that verdict. Atomic weapons will be looked upon as a normal part of the arsenal of war and the stage will be set for the sudden and final destruction of mankind.
Dulles never lost his anxiety about the destructive power of nuclear weapons, but his views on international control and on employing the threat of atomic attack changed in the face of the Berlin blockade, the Soviet detonation of an A-bomb, and the advent of the Korean war. These convinced him that the communist bloc was pursuing expansionist policies.
Governor Dewey appointed Dulles to the United States Senate from New York on July 7, 1949, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Democrat Robert F. Wagner. Dulles served from July 7, 1949, to November 8, 1949. He lost the special election to fill the Senate vacancy to Democrat Herbert Lehman.
In the late 1940s, as a general conceptual framework for contending with world communism, Dulles developed the policy known as rollback to serve as the Republican party's alternative to the Democrats' containment model. It proposed taking the offensive to push Communism back rather than defensively containing it within its areas of control and influence.
In 1950, Dulles published War or Peace, a critical analysis of the American policy of containment, which at the time the foreign policy elite in Washington favored, particularly in the Democratic administration of President Harry S. Truman, whose foreign policy Dulles criticized. Dulles instead advocated a policy of "liberation".
Secretary of State
When Dwight Eisenhower became U.S. President in January, 1953, Dulles was appointed and confirmed as his Secretary of State. As Secretary of State, Dulles still carried out the "containment" policy of neutralizing the Taiwan Strait during the Korean War, which had been established by President Truman in the Treaty of Peace with Japan of 1951. Dulles also supervised the completion of the Japanese Peace Treaty, in which full independence was restored to Japan under United States terms.
As Secretary of State, Dulles concentrated on building up NATO and forming other alliances (a phenomenon described as his "Pactomania") as part of his strategy of controlling Soviet expansion by threatening massive retaliation in event of a war. In the 1950s, he worked alongside to reduce the French influence in Vietnam as well as asking the United States to attempt to cooperate with the French in the aid of strengthening Diem's Army. Over time Dulles concluded that it was time to "ease France out of Vietnam". In 1950 he also helped initiate the ANZUS Treaty for mutual protection with Australia and New Zealand.
Dulles strongly opposed communism, believing it was "Godless terrorism". One of his first major policy shifts towards a more aggressive position against communism occurred in March 1953, when Dulles supported Eisenhower's decision to direct the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), then headed by his brother Allen Dulles, to draft plans to overthrow the Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. This led directly to the coup d'état via Operation Ajax in support of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran.
In 1954, Dulles became the architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). The treaty, signed by representatives of Australia, Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and the United States, provided for collective action against aggression.
In 1954 Dulles lobbied Eisenhower on behalf of the American United Fruit Company to instigate a military coup by the Guatemalan army through the CIA under the pretext that Jacobo Árbenz's government and the Guatemalan Revolution were veering toward communism. Dulles had previously represented the United Fruit Company as a lawyer, and remained on its payroll, while his brother, CIA director Allen Dulles, was on the company's board of directors.
Dulles was named Time's Man of the Year for 1954.
Dulles was one of the pioneers of massive retaliation and brinkmanship. In an article written for Life magazine, Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship: "The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art." Dulles' hard line alienated many leaders of nonaligned countries when on June 9, 1955, he argued in a speech that "neutrality has increasingly become obsolete and, except under very exceptional circumstances, it is an immoral and shortsighted conception." Throughout the 1950s Dulles was in frequent conflict with those non-aligned statesmen he deemed excessively sympathetic to Communism, including India's V.K. Krishna Menon.
In November 1956, Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of the Suez Canal zone in response to the Suez Crisis. During the most crucial days he was hospitalized after surgery and did not participate in Washington's decision-making. However, by 1958 Dulles had become an outspoken opponent of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and prevented him from receiving arms from the United States. This policy allowed the Soviet Union to gain influence in Egypt.
Dulles served as the Chairman and Co-founder of the Commission on a Just and Durable Peace of the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America (later the National Council of Churches), the Chairman of the Board for the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and a Trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1935 to 1952. Dulles was also a founding member of Foreign Policy Association and Council of Foreign Relations.
Death and legacy
Dulles developed colon cancer, for which he was first operated on in November 1956 when it had caused a bowel perforation. He experienced abdominal pain at the end of 1958 and was hospitalized with a diagnosis of diverticulitis. In January 1959, Dulles returned to work, but with more pain and declining health underwent abdominal surgery in February at Walter Reed Hospital when the cancer's recurrence became evident. After recuperating in Florida, Dulles returned to Washington for work and radiation therapy. With further declining health and evidence of bone metastasis, he resigned from office on April 15, 1959.
Dulles died at Walter Reed on May 24, 1959, at the age of 71. Funeral services were held in Washington National Cathedral on May 27, 1959, and Dulles was interred at Arlington National Cemetery.
Dulles was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom and the Sylvanus Thayer Award in 1959. A central West Berlin road was named John-Foster-Dulles-Allee in 1959 with a ceremony attended by Christian Herter, Dulles' successor as Secretary of State.
The Washington Dulles International Airport in Dulles, Virginia and John Foster Dulles High, Middle, and Elementary Schools in Sugar Land, Texas (including the street (Dulles Avenue) where the school campuses are located), were named in his honor, as is John Foster Dulles Elementary School in Cincinnati, Ohio. New York named the Dulles State Office Building in Watertown, New York in his honor. In 1960 the U.S. Post Office Department issued a commemorative stamp honoring Dulles.
Carol Burnett rose to prominence in the 1950s singing a novelty song, "I Made a Fool of Myself Over John Foster Dulles". When asked about the song on Meet the Press, Dulles responded with good humor: "I never discuss matters of the heart in public."
This quote is sometimes attributed to Dulles: "The United States of America does not have friends; it has interests." The words were spoken by Charles De Gaulle, but when Dulles traveled to Mexico in 1958, anti-American protesters held up signs reading "The U.S. has no friends, only interests."


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Threat Encyclopedia
W32/Shellcode.QIV!exploit is classified as an exploit.
An exploit is a malicious program that takes advantage of a software vulnerability that may enable a remote attacker to gain access to the targeted system.
The Fortinet Antivirus Analyst Team is constantly updating our descriptions. Please check the FortiGuard Encyclopedia regularly for updates.
Recommended Action
- Make sure that your FortiGate/FortiClient system is using the latest AV database.
- Quarantine/delete files that are detected and replace infected files with clean backup copies.


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There are no manned rockets or airplanes built by any government in the world that can accelerate from a standing start as fast as a Top Fuel Dragster or Funny Car!
One top fuel dragster 500 cubic inch Hemi engine makes more horsepower than the first 4 rows of stock cars at the Daytona 500.
It takes just 15/100ths of a second for all 6,000+ horsepower of an NHRA Top Fuel dragster engine to reach the rear wheels.
Under full throttle, a dragster engine consumes 1-1/2 gallons of nitro methane per second; a fully loaded 747 consumes jet fuel at the same rate with 25% less energy being produced.
A stock Dodge Hemi V8 engine cannot produce enough power to drive the dragster's supercharger.
With 3,000 CFM of air being rammed in by the supercharger on overdrive, the fuel mixture is compressed into a near-solid form before ignition.
Cylinders run on the verge of hydraulic lock at full throttle.
At the stoichiometric (stoichiometry: methodology and technology by which quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions are determined) 1.7:1 air/fuel mixture of nitro methane, the flame front temperature measures 7,050 deg F.
Nitro methane burns yellow… The spectacular white flame seen above the stacks at night is raw burning hydrogen, dissociated from atmospheric water vapor by the searing exhaust gases.
Dual magnetos supply 44 amps to each spark plug. This is the output of an arc welder in each cylinder.
Spark plug electrodes are totally consumed during a pass. After halfway, the engine is dieseling from compression, plus the glow of exhaust valves at 1,400 deg F. The engine can only be shut down by cutting the fuel flow.
If spark momentarily fails early in the run, unburned nitro builds up in the affected cylinders and then explodes with sufficient force to blow cylinder heads off the block in pieces or split the block in half.
In order to exceed 300 mph in 4. 5 seconds, dragsters must accelerate an average of over 4G's.
In order to reach 200 mph (well before half-track), the launch acceleration approaches 8G's.
Dragsters reach over 300 miles per hour before you have completed reading this sentence.
Top fuel engines turn approximately 540 revolutions from light to light! Including the burnout, the engine must only survive 900 revolutions under load.
The redline is actually quite high at 9,500 rpm.
Assuming all the equipment is paid off, the crew worked for free, and for once NOTHING BLOWS UP, each run costs an estimate $1,000.00 per second.
The current top fuel dragster elapsed time record is 4.428 seconds for the quarter mile (11/12/06, Tony Schumacher at Pomona, CA ). The top speed record is 336.15 mph as measured over the last 66′ of the run (05/25/05 Tony Schumacher at Hebron, OH ).
Putting all of this into perspective:
You are driving your average $140,000 Lingenfelter 'twin-turbo' powered Corvette Z06. Over a mile up the road, a top fuel dragster is staged and ready to launch down a quarter mile strip as you pass.
You have the advantage of a flying start.
You run the 'Vette hard up through the gears and blast across the starting line and pass the dragster at an honest 200 mph. The 'tree' goes green for both of you at that moment. You will finish your quarter mile in 4.5 seconds. The dragster launches and starts after you.
You keep your foot down hard, but you hear an incredibly brutal whine that sears your eardrums and within 3 seconds, the dragster catches and passes you.
He beats you to the finish line, a quarter mile away from where you just passed him.
Think about it, from a standing start, the dragster spotted you 200 mph and not only caught you, but nearly blasted you off the road when he passed you at a relative speed exceeding 100 mph, within a mere 1,320 foot long race course or the distance of one lap on a sports track.
…… THIS, my friend, is ACCELERATION!


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Research firm Gartner's annual report card on the public IaaS cloud computing market shows there is one clear leader -- Amazon Web Services -- and another clear challenger, Microsoft Azure. And then there is everyone else.
"The market is dominated by only a few global providers -- most notably Amazon Web Services, but increasingly also Microsoft Azure," Gartner researchers say, giving Google Cloud Platform an honorable mention. "Between them, these three providers comprise the majority of workloads running in public cloud IaaS in 2015."
AWS and Azure are the only two vendors in the "leaders" quadrant of the report, with AWS clearly taking the top spot. A series of other providers, including Google, CenturyLink, Rackspace, VMware, Virtustream, and to a lesser extent IBM's SoftLayer received fairly high marks, but none have clouds that rival those from the big two.
Among AWS, Azure, and all the other vendors, there are significant differences, though, so Gartner says it's important to pick the one that most closely aligns to your needs.
AWS: The "safe choice" in the cloud
AWS was the first to market with an IaaS offering, based on Xen-virtualized servers and hasn't looked back. It is the "overwhelming market share leader," is "extraordinarily innovative, exceptionally agile, and very responsive to the market," and holds a multi-year competitive advantage over Microsoft and Google, Gartner says.
+MORE AT NETWORK WORLD: Gartner's cloud showdown: Amazon Web Services vs. Microsoft Azure | Gartner: Public IaaS cloud is a $16.5 billion industry | 5 Things we learned about AWS's cloud from its first earnings report | Should Amazon spin out AWS? | Microsoft boasts that new management tool will support Amazon's cloud too
AWS can be complex though. Pricing structures can be confusing and opaque -- it charges individually for some services that other vendors bundle. This leads many AWS users to employ a third-party management vendor to help manage costs and deployments.
Azure: The clear second choice
Microsoft's significant market share in the enterprise IT market combined with its continual investments in Azure make it the chief competitor to AWS. The company has a compelling bundled offering: Its public cloud integrates closely with its on-premises management tools, such as Windows Server and Systems Center. While it's not at the scale of AWS, Gartner estimates that Azure has more than twice as much cloud IaaS capacity all the other vendors in the MQ, other than AWS.
If there are any cautions against Azure, it is that some features are not fully production ready. For example, Azure has been plagued with significant outages -- something AWS battled a few years ago -- so Gartner recommends that customers using Azure for mission-critical workloads employ a secondary, non-Azure disaster recovery backup plan.
And everyone else
The vendor perhaps most likely to take on the leaders in public IaaS cloud is Google. It has a massive data center footprint that it uses to run its own operations, which it now makes available for customers to use. This approach has allowed Google to quickly offer a compelling IaaS without significant investment. But the company is not an "enterprise vendor" in terms of its sales, support and partner offerings. "Google needs to earn the trust of businesses," Gartner says.
A company like IBM has somewhat of an opposite problem from Google, Gartner says. It has a broad set of initiatives in the cloud (through SoftLayer), including managed hosting, application development (through BlueMix), SaaS and bare-metal provisioning. But Gartner says they are not bundled well.
Rackspace is another company that has a strong set of offerings -- from public IaaS cloud, to managed cloud, hosted private cloud and even bare-metal services as well.
But the company no longer specializes in self-service public cloud and instead is targeting customers who are looking to take advantage of its support expertise in deploying applications, limiting the company's reach.
VMware is having trouble with adoption as well, Gartner says. VCloud Air is its public IaaS cloud, but Gartner says the most likely advocates of that platform are VMware administrators, not business managers and development leaders who may be in better positions to drive cloud strategies. Those VMware administrators may be more comfortable building out a private-cloud than using VMware's public cloud.
CSC offers its own public cloud offering but it also provides consulting to help customers choose the best IaaS platform. A lack of investments in value-add services have led CSC advisers to recommend competitors clouds more than its own, Gartner says.
HP was dropped from the Gartner report this year because it's focusing on a hybrid cloud strategy and its public Helion cloud division doesn't have enough market share to qualify.
This story, "Gartner shows two-horse race in IaaS cloud: AWS and Microsoft Azure" was originally published by Network World.