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A cybersecurity proposal in the U.S. Congress, called an "Internet kill switch" plan by some critics, isn't exactly what that sounds like.
Plans by members of the U.S. Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee to reintroduce 2010's Protecting Cyberspace as a National Asset Act have led some critics to compare provisions in the bill to the Egyptian government's order to shut down all Internet access across the country during recent protests.
But the Egypt comparison — and the term "Internet kill switch" — is a stretch. Still, some tech and civil liberties groups have questioned the powers the proposal would give the president.
The proposal, not yet introduced as a formal bill this year, would give the U.S. president the power to take emergency measures, including possibly quarantining or shutting down parts of the Internet, only when there's an "ongoing or imminent" cyberattack on the nation's critical infrastructure.
The bill would require the president to take the "least disruptive" measures necessary, and the emergency powers would expire after 120 days without congressional approval.
The proposal would prohibit the president from shutting down the Internet to silence free speech, said Leslie Phillips, communications director for Senator Joseph Lieberman, a Connecticut Independent and chairman of the Senate Homeland Security Committee.
"There is no relation at all between Senator Lieberman's bill to strengthen our nation's cyberdefenses and events taking place in Egypt," Phillips said. "The emergency Internet measures in the senator's bill are designed to ensure that our most critical infrastructure, our economy and our way of life — all of which rely on the Internet — are protected from destruction."
But critics say the proposal would give the president broad new authority over the Internet. The emergency powers language in the bill is ambiguous, said Gregory Nojeim, senior counsel at the Center for Democracy and Technology.
Backers of the proposal say it would limit the authority granted the president in section 706 of the Communications Act of 1934 to take over or shut down wire and radio communications in a time of war.
Whether that section of the 1934 act would apply to the Internet is "open to debate," Nojeim said. Beyond that, the 2010 bill would not have abolished that old presidential authority, he added.
"There are restrictions on the new [cybersecurity] authority, and they are important, but there should be no doubt that the bill does not limit the authority the president has, and instead expands it," he said. "If the intent was to limit the president's authority, the bill fails to do so."
It's unfair to suggest the bill would give the president the power to shut down the Internet to squelch dissent, but the additional authority is "not sufficiently defined," Nojeim added.
The comparisons to the Internet shutdown in Egypt grew loud enough that the three sponsors of the 2010 bill, Senators Joseph Lieberman, Maine Republican Susan Collins and Delaware Democrat Tom Carper issued a statement this week condemning the actions there.
"We would never sign on to legislation that authorized the president, or anyone else, to shut down the Internet," they said in the statement. "Emergency or no, the exercise of such broad authority would be an affront to our Constitution."
The three senators called the actions by the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak "totally wrong."
"His actions were clearly designed to limit internal criticisms of his government," they said. "Our cybersecurity legislation is intended to protect the U.S. from external cyber attacks. Yet, some have suggested that our legislation would empower the president to deny U.S. citizens access to the Internet. Nothing could be further from the truth."
The senators' statement didn't comfort Free Press, a media reform and digital rights group.
"It's good to see the senators have heard the outcry from Americans troubled by this bill, but their promises that the bill won't give the president 'kill-switch' powers aren't very reassuring," Timothy Karr, campaign director for Free Press, said in a statement. "The devil is always in the details, and here the details suggest that this is a dangerous bill that threatens our free speech rights."
The proposal would give the president the authority to take emergency actions without congressional approval, Free Press said. The result is a concentration of power with the president, the group said.
"We understand that protecting Internet communications is a vital government interest, but we're troubled by the idea that the president could declare an emergency and shut down digital communications," Karr added. "In its current form, the legislation offers no clear means to check that power."
While the senators say the bill does not allow emergency actions in response to dissent, national security problems and political crises can become intertwined, added Heather Greenfield, a spokeswoman for the Computer and Communications Industry Association, a tech trade group.
"What governments do today in response to legitimate concerns can open the door to future abuses," she said.
Democracies should be models for Internet openness and freedom, she added. "CCIA doesn't want any government, or international body like the U.N., to expand their control over Internet operations," Greenfield said.
Grant Gross covers technology and telecom policy in the U.S. government for The IDG News Service. Follow Grant on Twitter at GrantGross. Grant's e-mail address is email@example.com.


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pastor and a taxi driver both died and went to heaven. St. Peter was at the Pearly gates waiting for them.
'Come with me', said St. Peter to the taxi driver.
The taxi driver did as he was told and followed St. Peter to a mansion. It had anything you could imagine from a bowling alley to an olympic size pool.
'Wow, thank you', said the taxi driver.
Next, St. Peter led the pastor to a rugged old shack with a bunk bed and a little old television set.
'Wait, I think you are a little mixed up', said the pastor. 'Shouldn't I be the one who gets the mansion? After all I was a pastor, went to church every day, and preached God's word.'
'Yes, that's true. But during your sermons people slept. When the taxi driver drove, everyone prayed.'
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{daily inspiration} The Darling
Photo Source
She makes the outfit, if it wasn't for her carefree warrior attitude.. Love her! Thanks for sharing :)
I think she is adorable and I love her as a ginger. I want her whole black and white outfit.
Chic on the Cheap
That dress on the top is so enchanting! I love it!ReplyDelete
Great inspirations, purple looks great on Emma :).ReplyDelete
I love this girl, too. I watched her Jimmy Fallon lip sync face-off at LEAST 15 times on Youtube, she was hilarious!ReplyDelete
I love her! Her style is effortless!!
She can pull off just about anything!!
What stunning looks! I want that second dress!ReplyDelete
Hi :) I'm Iwona and I am a blogger and illustrator :) I just found your blog, which is interesting and cute:) I really like it :) I would like to show you my blog and my illustrations and If you get a second, I' d love to hear your thoughts on topic my illustrations and blog:) I greet:)ReplyDelete
...especially the gown! Mind you, that dark red jacket is highly delicious too.ReplyDelete
My girl crush :)
So pretty!


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Universal material combinations are becoming increasingly important, especially in the development of modern vehicle and car body designs. RIVTAC® is particularly suitable for joining aluminium, steel, plastics and non-ferrous metals as well as for mixed joints, multilayer joints and hybrid joints of these materials.
The RIVTAC® automation system permits fully automated joining and is ideal for applications involving mass production with maximum flexibility in terms of production planning.


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In its 114th year, Billboard remains the world's premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends.
Common terms and phrases
90 Millas according to Nielsen Acer Arena acts Aerosmith album Angeles arena artists Awards band's Billboard brand campaign catalog Center chart Cheetah Girls concert promotion create Cuban Daddy Yankee deal debut digital music director Disney Channel Entertainment Epic/Sony Discos fans festival film Future Sounds Gloria Estefan going GROSS guitar Harris Hector Lavoe indie iTunes jazz JULY 28 label Latin music Lavelle Lavoe Live Nation livenation.com look manager marketing Media Metal Blade million movie music industry MySpace Nielsen SoundScan package performance play Producer Publisher radio rapper Razor & Tie record Release Date retail revenue salsa sell senior VP Showcase shows singer sold songs Sony BMG SoundExchange soundtrack Source Interlink sponsorship stars studio Tankfarm There's ticketing Ticketmaster tion tour tracks UNKLE venues Warner Music webcasters Windswept


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Real Estate Professional on the Northshore and Southshore
Jennifer's perennial position as a leading agent in St. Tammany Parish has been built on a foundation of relentless customer service and professional integrity over a career span exceeding twenty years. After their marriage in 1979, she and her husband Tim moved to St. Tammany Parish. At that time she left her position as catering manager at New Orleans' Royal Orleans Hotel and became immersed in the Northshore community. Charitable and philanthropic activities have always been an integral part of Jennifer's life. She was a founding member of the St. Tammany Hospital Foundation and has served as a board member since inception. Jennifer is also a member of the Tiffany Circle of the American Red Cross and has worked jointly with her husband on the Rice Voelker Fund for Recovery. That fund has distributed over $1 million to individuals and charitable institutions since Hurricane Katrina. Jennifer's expertise on unique Northshore properties is an outgrowth of her own experiences developing the Rice's Innisfree Farm. Her longtime participation in hunter-jumper competition and the sports of polo and thoroughbred racing equip her to offer valuable counsel on equestrian estate matters.


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$24.00 $4.00
Ultra silky lip gloss formula infused with pink lotus extract that provides a glass-like finish with an intense shine.
Wear it over any lipstick or use it alone.
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Descent and Distribution
The area of law that pertains to the transfer of real property orpersonal propertyof a decedent who failed to leave a will or make a valid will andthe rights and liabilities of heirs, next of kin, and distributees who are entitled to a share of the property.
Origin of the Law
The passage of property from ancestors to children has been recognized and enforced since biblical times. As a general rule, the law, and not the deceased person, confers the right of succession—the passing of title to a decedent's property—and determines who shall take intestate property. In the United States, such law is derived from the civil law and English statutes of distributions, rather than from the common law, which preferred the eldest male, under the doctrine of primogeniture, and males over females. Statutes in every state prescribe the order in which persons succeed to a decedent's property if he or she dies intestate, which means without a lawfully executed will. These statutes provide for an orderly administration by identifying successors to a decedent's, also called an intestate's, estate. They seek to implement the distribution that most intestates would have provided had they made wills, on the theory that most persons prefer that their property pass to their nearest relatives rather than to more remote ones. An order of preference among certain relatives of the deceased is established by the statute. If there are no relatives who can inherit the property, the estate escheats, or reverts, to the state.
Persons Entitled
The terms heirs, next of kin, and distributees usually refer to the persons who by operation of law—the application of the established rules of law—inherit or succeed to the property of a person intestate on his or her death. Statutes generally confer rights of inheritance only on blood relatives, adopted children, adoptive parents, and the surviving spouse. Line of descent is the order or series of persons who have descended one from the other or all from a common ancestor, placed in a line in the order of their birth showing the connection of all blood relatives. The direct line of descent involves persons who are directly descended from the same ancestor, such as father and son, or grandfather and grandson. Whether an adopted child can be regarded as in the direct line of descent depends upon the law in the particular jurisdiction. The collateral line of descent involves persons who are descended from a common ancestor, such as brothers who share the same father or cousins who have the same grandfather. Title by descent differs from title by purchase because descent involves the operation of law, while purchase involves the act or agreement of the parties. Usually direct descendants have first preference in the order of succession, followed by ascendants (persons in the collateral line of ascent), and finally, collateral heirs. Each generation is called a degree in determining the consanguinity, or blood relationship, of one or more persons to an intestate. Where the next of kin of the intestate who are entitled to share in the estate are in equal degree to the deceased, such as children, they share equally in the estate. For example, consider a mother who has two daughters, her only living relations, and dies intestate, leaving an estate of $100,000. Since the two daughters occupy the same proximity of blood relationship to their mother, they share her estate equally, each inheriting $50,000.
Issue has been defined as all persons in the line of descent without regard to the degree of nearness or remoteness from the original source.
Law Governing
If at the time of death, the intestate's estate is located in the state of his or her domicile or permanent residence, the law of that state will govern its descent and distribution. Local laws that govern the area where the property is located generally determine the descent of real property, such as land, houses, and farms, regardless of the domicile of the deceased owner. The succession to and the disposition and distribution of personal or movable property, wherever situated, are governed by the law of the domicile of the owner or intestate at the time of death, unless a statute in the state where the property is located provides otherwise.
Since the privilege of receiving property by inheritance is not a natural right but a creation of law, the legislature of a state has plenary power, or complete authority, over the descent and distribution of property within the borders of the state subject to restrictions found in constitutions and treaties. The disposition of the property of an intestate is governed by the statutes in force at the time of death.
Property Subject to Descent and Distribution
As a general rule, property subject to descent and distribution includes all vested rights and interests owned by the deceased at the time of
death. However, rights or interests that are personal to the deceased, and not of an inheritable nature, ordinarily are not subject to descent and distribution. Examples are a personal right to use land or a statutory right to contest a will.
If a seller dies prior to the completion of the sale of real property, the legal title to land that the seller contracted to sell vests in the heirs at law on the owner's death, subject to their obligation to convey the land to the purchaser according to the contract. A few states authorize the distribution of property among different persons according to whether it is real or personal, but this is not the general rule.
Representation, Per Stirpes, Per Capita
Representation is the principle of law by which the children, or their descendants, of an heir to an estate, who dies without leaving a will, have a collective interest in the intestate's share of the property. Taking by representation means taking per stirpes. For example, Robert, who only has two daughters, Ellen and Pam, dies intestate, leaving an estate of $200,000 after the payment of debts and charges. Under a typical statute, Robert's daughters are his distributees, each receiving $100,000. However, Ellen predeceases her father and leaves two sons, David and George. Since Ellen is not alive to take her share, there would be a per stirpes division of Robert's estate, which means that Ellen's share of $100,000 would be divided equally between David and George, and each would receive $50,000. Pam's $100,000 share of her father's estate remains unaffected. Since they are brothers, the degree of blood relationship between David and George is equal; therefore, they take per capita, or equal, parts of Ellen's share. However, they have taken per stirpes shares of Robert's estate. Assume that George also died before his grandfather and left two daughters, Ruth and Janet, but his brother David was still alive. David would take $50,000, but Ruth and Janet would have $25,000 apiece. Pam, who is still alive, would still be entitled to $100,000, her share of Robert's estate. The degrees of consanguinity among David and Ruth and Janet are unequal, since David is Robert's grandchild, while Ruth and Janet are his great-grandchildren. David and Ruth and Janet share Ellen's portion of Robert's estate per stirpes. David takes 50 percent, or $50,000, whereas Ruth and Janet each take 25 percent, or $25,000, because of the unequal degrees of blood relationship to Ellen. David is one generation removed from Ellen, while Ruth and Janet are two generations removed from her.
Kindred of the Half Blood
The term kindred of the half blood refers to persons who share a half blood relationship with the intestate because they have only one parent in common with each other. As a general rule, kindred of the half blood inherit equally with kindred of the whole blood who have the same parents, unless expressly prohibited by statute. For example, A and B shared the same father with C and D but had a different mother. If A dies, leaving no surviving spouse, children, or parents, C and D share equally with B in A's estate, even though C and D were of the half blood in relation to A, since they had only one parent in common. C and D inherit as if they had both the same parents as A and B.
Necessary or Forced Heirs
The law of forced heirship gave certain relatives, besides the spouse, an absolute legal right, of which they could not be deprived by will or gift, to inherit a certain portion of the decedent's estate. Ordinarily, a person has no right to prevent another from disposing of his or her property by gift or will to someone else. The law of forced heirship in effect in only Louisiana limits the disposition of a decedent's property if his or her parents or legitimate children or their descendants are alive at his or her death. Such persons are expressly declared by law to be forced heirs, and a decedent cannot deprive them of the portion of an estate reserved to them by law unless there is just cause to disinherit them. Anyone else who received the property can be legally obligated to return it or to make up the portion of which the forced heirs have been deprived out of his or her own property.
Designated Heirs
In some jurisdictions, statutes permit a person, the designator, to name another to stand in his or her place as an heir at law in the event of his or her death. Anyone can be a designated heir, even a stranger to the designator. The statute does not grant a designated heir any status until the designation becomes effective on the death of the designator. The designator can revoke the designation until the time of his or her death and then designate another. After the death of the designator, a designated heir has the status of an heir at law, and under the statute, the status of a legitimate child of the designator. For example, H designates his wife W as his heir at law. H and W are childless. H is the only child of F. F dies intestate after H's death. The applicable statute of descent and distribution gives all of F's property to his lineal descendants. W will inherit all of F's property since she was H's designated heir at law and is, for inheritance purposes, considered a child of H. She is, therefore, a lineal descendant of F. If the designated heir dies before the designator, his or her heirs generally will not have a right of inheritance in the designator's intestate estate.
Subject to the rights of the surviving spouse, children have superior inheritance rights compared to those of other blood relatives. In many jurisdictions, the same principle applies to adopted children of the intestate. Once the debts of the estate have been paid and the surviving spouse has taken his or her legal share, the remainder of the estate is apportioned in equal distributive shares, the portions specified by the law of descent and distribution, among the number of children of the decedent. The rights of the decedent's child or children are greater than not only those of the deceased's brothers and sisters, nephews and nieces, and other collateral kindred but also of the deceased's parents.
Posthumous Children A posthumous child is one born after the death of its father or mother (as, for example, by Caesarean section). Both at common law and under various state statutes, a posthumous child takes as an heir and a distributee as long as it is born alive after a period of fetal existence that indicates that it was conceived before the death of the intestate father, usually a period of nine months. Some statutes require that a child be born within ten months after the death of the intestate in order to be regarded as a posthumous child. The technique of artificial insemination, through which a woman can be impregnated with frozen sperm months or even years after the death of the father, poses problems for courts interpreting posthumous child statutes.
Children of Successive Marriages On the death of an intestate who had children by different marriages, all of his or her children take equal shares of the estate once the estate debts have been paid off and the surviving spouse has taken the legal portion. This method of distribution applies unless barred by statute, such as in cases where the property of an intestate was received from a deceased spouse of a former marriage. In that instance, only children of that particular marriage would inherit that property to the exclusion of children of other marriages. In a few states, a slightly different distribution is made of community property of the first marriage—one half of that property belonging to the deceased spouse going to the children of that marriage in equal shares, and those children together with the children of the second marriage dividing equally the other half, subject to any rights of the surviving spouse.
Issues of Children who Predecease Intestate The share that a child who dies before the intestate would have inherited if he or she had survived the intestate parent is inherited by his or her children or descendants by the right of representation in per stirpes shares. Grandchildren have better inheritance rights than brothers and sisters of the intestate and their children. However, they do not inherit unless their parent, the child of the intestate, is dead.
Illegitimate Children At common law, an illegitimate child was a filius nullius (Latin for "child of no one") and had no right to inherit. Only legitimate children and issue could inherit an estate upon the death of an intestate parent. This is no longer the case as a result of statutes that vary from state to state. As a general rule, an illegitimate child is treated as the child of the mother and can inherit from her and her relatives and they from the child. In some jurisdictions, the illegitimate child is usually not regarded as a child of the father unless legitimated by the subsequent marriage of the parents or acknowledged by the father as his child, such as in affiliation proceedings. A legitimated child has the same inheritance rights as any other child of the parent. Many statutes permit a child to inherit from his or her father if the paternity is judicially established before the father's death. In the case of Trimble v. Gordon, 430 U.S. 762, 97 S. Ct. 1459, 52 L. Ed. 2d 31 (1977), the supreme court of the united states decided that it is unconstitutional for states to deprive an illegitimate child of the right to inherit from his or her father when he dies without leaving a will, especially in cases where paternity is already established in state court proceedings prior to the father's death.
Some statutes permit one or both parents of the intestate to inherit, to some extent, the property of a child leaving no issue or descendants subject to the rights of a surviving spouse. Provisions differ as to whether one or both parents take, whether they take exclusively or share with brothers and sisters, and as to the extent of the share taken. Frequently, if one parent is dead, the surviving parent takes the entire estate, both real and personal, of a deceased child who dies without issue. Some statutes provide that a surviving parent shares with the brothers and sisters.
Stepchildren, Stepparents
Ordinarily, a stepparent does not inherit from the estate of a deceased stepchild. Similarly, stepchildren do not inherit from their step-parent unless the terms of a statute grant them this right.
Brothers, Sisters, and Their Descendants
Brothers and Sisters If an intestate dies without a surviving spouse, issue, or parents, the decedent's brothers and sisters and the children of deceased brothers and sisters will inherit the estate. Brothers and sisters inherit when and only when there are no other surviving persons having priority by virtue of statute. Their inheritance rights are subordinate to children and grandchildren and the parents of the intestate in a number of jurisdictions.
Nephews and Nieces Nephews and nieces usually inherit only if their parent is deceased and would have inherited if he or she had survived the intestate.
Grandparents and Remote Ascendants
Generally, where paternal and maternal grandparents are next of kin to the decedent, they share equally in the estate of an intestate. Some statutes provide that where the estate descended to the intestate from his or her father, it will go to a paternal grandparent to the exclusion of a maternal grandparent. State statutes vary as to whether the grandparents all inherit, or where there are surviving aunts and uncles, as to whether they are excluded by the grandparents. There is a similar division of authority as to whether great-grandparents share with surviving great-uncles and great-aunts.
Remote Collaterals
A collateral heir is one who is not of the direct line of the deceased but comes from a collateral line, such as a brother, a sister, an uncle, an aunt, a nephew, a niece, or a cousin of the deceased. People are related collaterally when they have a common ancestor, such as a parent or grandparent. Where the property in question is within a statute directing the course of descent of property that came to the intestate by gift, devise, or descent from an ancestor, as long as they are the nearest heirs, the remote collateral heirs (for example, cousins) who share that common ancestor are entitled to inherit to the exclusion of collateral heirs who do not.
Operation and Effect of a Will
Rights under intestacy laws are only taken away by a properly executed will disposing of the testator's entire property. These laws can, however, operate in case of partial intestacy where part of the decedent's property is not disposed of by will.
Surviving Spouse
The right of a surviving spouse to share in the estate of a deceased spouse arises automatically from the marital status and not from any contract, conveyance, or other act of the spouse. Statutes conferring such rights on a surviving spouse make the spouse a statutory heir. Some statutes regulating the rights of inheritance of a surviving spouse treat property acquired by the decedent prior to the marriage differently than that acquired during the course of the marriage. Others relating to the descent of ancestral estates and property acquired by gifts do not, ordinarily, exclude a surviving spouse.
Right of Surviving Wife As a general rule, modern statutes confer rights of inheritance on a widow. At common law, the wife was entitled to dower, which was a fixed interest in all the land owned by her husband during the marriage. This interest in the lands of her husband was inchoate during his life. She had to survive her husband before she could take possession of her interest in the property. Most states have abolished common-law dower and have replaced it with statutes allowing the surviving widow to take an elective share prescribed by statute, usually one-third or what would have gone to her by intestacy or the provision made in her spouse's will. The extent of and the method for computing the inheritance depends on the terms of the statute applicable to the facts in the particular case. Her rights attach only to property that her husband owned at the time of death. The right of a wife to share in the estate of her husband is qualified by his right to make a valid will. The widow, however, will be given a right of election to choose between the elective share, which is usually her share under the laws of intestacy, or the provision in the will, whichever is larger.
Right of Surviving Husband At common law, a surviving husband had an estate by curtesy in his wife's real property to which he was absolutely entitled upon her death. Curtesy has been abolished by many jurisdictions. As of the early 2000s, a husband's rights of inheritance are regulated by statute applicable to the facts in the particular case. As a general rule, a widower's rights of inheritance attach only to property that his wife owned and possessed at the time she died.
Rights in Case of Remarriage
Unless a statute provides otherwise, a surviving spouse's rights of inheritance are not affected by a later marriage after the death of the decedent. The rights of a survivor of a second or subsequent marriage of the decedent are the same as though he or she were the survivor of the first marriage. In a number of states, the rights of a survivor of a second or subsequent marriage of the deceased or of a surviving spouse who subsequently remarries are, or have been, governed by statutes specifically regulating descent in cases of remarriage.
Waiver or Release of Right
A spouse can waive the right of inheritance to the estate of the other spouse by an antenuptial agreement, which is fairly entered into by both parties with knowledge of all the relevant facts, such as the extent of the spouse's wealth. This is frequently done by couples who remarry late in life, in order to protect the inheritance rights of their children by previous marriages. For example, an affluent couple executes an antenuptial agreement by which they both agree to surrender their inheritance rights in each other's estate. This insures the inheritance rights of their children from prior marriages in their respective estates, without having the estate reduced by the share given to the surviving spouse under the laws of intestacy. To be effective as a bar, the agreement must, in clear terms or by necessary implication, relinquish the surviving spouse's right of inheritance. It must affirmatively appear that neither spouse took advantage of the confidential relation existing between the parties at the time of its execution.
Unless there are statutory provisions to the contrary, a husband or wife can waive, release, or be estopped (prevented) from asserting rights of inheritance in the estate of the other by certain acts or conduct on his or her part during marriage. As a general rule, a spouse can waive his or her rights in the estate of the other by an express postnuptial agreement. Such an agreement is effective only if it manifests a clear and unmistakable intention to trade away such rights, and it must be supported by a valid and valuable consideration, freely and fairly made; be just and equitable in its provisions; and free from fraud and deceit. In one case, the assent of a wife to cohabit with her husband only upon his execution of a release of any claim on her property did not constitute sufficient consideration for his agreement, since she was under a legal duty as his wife to live with him.
A separation agreement can provide for the mutual release of the rights of each spouse in the other's property, including an inchoate or potential right of inheritance that will not vest until the death of one spouse. The rights of inheritance in the property of the husband or wife are not to be denied the surviving spouse unless the purpose to exclude him or her is expressed or can be clearly inferred. A property settlement agreement conditioned upon a divorce cannot bar a spouse's statutory share in the other's estate where the divorce was never finalized because of the death of the spouse. A mere agreement between husband and wife in contemplation of divorce, by which specific articles of property are to be held by each separately, is no bar to the rights of the surviving spouse, if no divorce has in fact been granted.
The surviving spouse, however, is not prevented from asserting his or her rights in the estate of the deceased spouse by an agreement entered into as a result of ignorance or mistake as to his or her legal rights.
Forfeiture of Rights
As a general rule, a surviving spouse's misconduct, whether criminal or otherwise, does not bar his or her rights to succeed to the deceased person's estate where the statute of descent and distribution confers certain rights on the surviving spouse and makes no exception on account of misconduct.
Abandonment, Adultery, and Nonsupport Unless there are statutes to the contrary, the fact that one spouse abandoned or deserted the other, or even the fact that he or she abandoned the other and lived in adultery, does not bar that spouse's rights of inheritance in the other's estate. However, in a number of jurisdictions express statutory provisions do not permit a surviving wife to succeed to her husband's estate if she has abandoned him or left him to live in adultery. A surviving husband similarly loses his statutory right to inherit from his wife's estate where he abandoned or willfully and maliciously deserted her or neglected or refused to support her. In order to constitute a forfeiture of inheritance rights, such conduct must be deliberate and unjustified and continue for a period of time specified by statute. Mere separation is not necessarily abandonment or desertion if the parties have consented to the separation or there is reasonable and justifiable cause for the action. The fact of one spouse's subsequent meretricious conduct is not abandonment if a separation agreement does not provide for forfeiture of that spouse's right to share in the decedent's estate.
Murder of Spouse There is no uniform rule as to whether a person who murders his or her spouse can succeed to the decedent's estate as the surviving spouse. Some jurisdictions refuse to recognize the murderer as a surviving spouse. In others, a statute that confers certain rights on the surviving spouse does not strip the spouse of that right because he or she caused the death of the intestate spouse by criminal conduct. Different states have enacted statutes that preclude any person who has caused or procured the death of another from inheriting the decedent's property under certain circumstances. An intentional killing will bar an inheritance, but a death that occurs as a result of negligence, accidental means, or insanity will not have this effect. For example, where conviction is essential to create a forfeiture under the statute, a surviving spouse who is not convicted but is committed to a state hospital for the legally insane is not excluded from the rights of inheritance. A conviction of manslaughter might be sufficient to satisfy the statutory requirement of conviction, but it is insufficient if the statute requires actual conviction of murder.
Bigamous Marriage In some jurisdictions, a spouse who commits bigamy, marrying while still legally married to another, can be denied any rights of inheritance in the estate of his or her lawful spouse. This is true even if the bigamous marriage had been terminated long before the death of the lawful spouse. In a few jurisdictions, the fact that one who was legally married to the decedent contracted a bigamous marriage does not bar his or her rights of inheritance in the decedent's estate.
Divorce Generally, a person who has been divorced can claim no share in the estate of the former spouse. Under some statutes, a divorce a mensa et thoro (Latin for "from bed or board"), which is a legal separation, can abrogate any right of intestate inheritance in the spouse's estate, even though the decedent and spouse remained lawfully married until the death of the decedent.
Rights and Liabilities of Heirs
No one is an heir to a living person. Before the death of the ancestor, an expectant heir or distributee has no vested interest but only a mere expectancy or possibility of inheritance. Such an individual cannot on the basis of his or her prospective right maintain an action during the life of the ancestor to cancel a transfer of property made by the ancestor.
Advancements An advancement is similar to an absolute or irrevocable gift of money or real or personal property. It is made in the present by a parent to a child in anticipation of what the child's intestate share will be when the parent dies. An advancement differs from an ordinary gift in that it reduces only the child's distributive share of the parent's estate by the stated amount, while a gift diminishes the entire estate. The doctrine of advancements is based on the theory that a parent is presumed to intend that all his or her children have equal rights not only in what may remain at the parent's death but in all property owned by the parent. Statutes of descent and distribution can provide for consideration of advancements made by a deceased during his or her lifetime to achieve equality in the distribution of the estate among the children.
An advancement can also be made by grandparents and, where statutes permit, by spouses and collateral relatives. A parent's gifts to a child cannot be deemed advancements while the donor is alive, since they are significant only in relation to a decedent's estate. Several statutes provide that no gift or grant of realty can be deemed to have been made as an advancement unless expressed in writing by the donor or acknowledged in writing by the donee. A transfer based on love and affection or a nominal consideration can constitute an advancement, while a transfer for a valuable consideration cannot, since as a gift, an advancement is made without consideration.
Release, Renunciation, or Acceptance of Rights An heir can relinquish his or her rights to an estate by an express waiver, release, or estoppel. Generally, the release of an expected share, fairly and freely made to an ancestor in consideration of an advancement or for other valuable consideration, excludes the heir from sharing in the ancestor's estate at the time of death. It is necessary that the person executing the release be competent to contract at the time, that the release not be obtained by means of fraud or undue influence, and that the instrument or transaction in question be sufficient to constitute a release or renunciation of rights. In one case, a daughter gave her father a receipt acknowledging payment of money that she accepted as her "partial" share of all real estate left by him. The court held that she was not barred from sharing in the remainder of the real estate left upon her father's death, since the word partial indicated that the money received was merely an advancement.
At common law, a person could not renounce an intestate share, but modern statutes permit renunciation. A renunciation or a waiver sometimes requires the execution and delivery of a formal document. Renunciation is frequently employed by those who would incur an increased tax burden if the gift were to be accepted.
A simple acceptance can be either express or implied. A person can be barred from accepting his or her rights to an estate by a lapse of time, as specified by statute. Once a person accepts an intestate share, he or she cannot subsequently renounce the share under most statutes. A person who renounces the succession cannot revoke the renunciation after the other heirs have accepted the property that constitutes his or her share. However, that person can accept his or her share if the other heirs have not yet done so.
Gifts and Conveyances in Fraud of Heirs
A person ordinarily has the right to dispose of his or her property as he or she sees fit, so that heirs and distributees cannot attack transfers or distributions made during the decedent's lifetime as being without consideration or in fraud of their rights. For example, a parent during his or her life can distribute property among his or her children any way he or she wants with or without reason, and those adversely affected have no standing to challenge the distribution.
One spouse can deprive the other of rights of inheritance given by statute through absolute transfers of property during his or her life. In some jurisdictions, however, transfers made by a spouse for the mere purpose of depriving the other of a distributive share are invalid. Whether a transfer made by a spouse was real or made merely to deprive the other spouse of the statutory share is determined by whether the person actually surrenders complete ownership and possession of the property. For example, a husband's transfer of all his property to a trustee is void and illusory as to the rights of his surviving wife if he reserves to himself the income of the property for life, the power to revoke and modify the trust, and a significant amount of control over the management of the trust. There is no intent to part with ownership of his property until his death. Such a trust is a device created to deprive the wife of her distributive share. Advancements or gifts to children, including children by a former marriage, which are reasonable in relation to the amount of property owned and are made in good faith without any intent to defraud a spouse, afford that spouse no grounds of complaint. Good faith is shown where the other spouse knew of the advancements. If a spouse gives all or most of his or her property to the children without the other spouse's knowledge, a rebuttable presumption of fraud arises that might be explained by the children.
Title of Heirs and Distributees
Inheritance rights vest immediately on the death of an intestate, and the heirs are usually determined as of that time. The title to realty ordinarily vests in an intestate's heirs immediately upon his or her death, subject, under varying circumstances, to certain burdens, such as the rights of the surviving spouse or the debts of the intestate. The title obtained by the heirs on the death of their ancestor is subject to funeral expenses, the expenses, debts, or charges of the administration, and the charges for which the real property is liable, such as liens and encumbrances attached to the land during the lifetime of the intestate.
At common law and under the statutes of most states, the title to personal property of a deceased person does not ordinarily vest in his or her heirs, next of kin, or distributees on his or her death. Their title and rights, therefore, must generally be obtained or enforced by virtue of administration or distribution. Legal title to personal property is suspended between the time of the intestate's death and the granting of the letters of administration. On distribution, the title of the distributees relates back to the date of the intestate's death. While the title to personal property does not immediately vest in the heirs, their interest in the estate does. The heirs have a vested equitable right, title, or estate in the personal property, subject to the rights of creditors and to charges and expenses of the administration. The personal estate of an intestate goes ultimately to those who are next of kin at the time of the intestate's death as opposed to those who are next of kin at the time that the estate is to be distributed. If a person who is entitled as a distributee dies after the death of the intestate and before distribution, his or her share does not go to the other persons entitled as distributees, but instead passes to his or her own heirs.
Debts of Intestate Estate
Heirs and distributees generally receive property of their ancestor subject to his or her debts. The obligation of an heir or distributee to pay an ancestor's debt is based upon his or her possession of the ancestor's property. All property of an intestate ordinarily can be applied to pay his or her debts, but, generally, the personal property must be exhausted first before realty can be used.
Rights and Remedies of Creditors, Heirs, and Distributees
The interest of an heir or distributee in the estate of an ancestor can be taken by his or her creditors for the payment of debts, depending upon the applicable law. Advancements received by an heir or distributee must be deducted first from his or her share before the rights of creditors of the heir or distributee can be enforced against the share.
further readings
Akright, Carol. 2001. Funding your Dreams Generation to Generation: Intergenerational Financial Planning to Ensure your Family's Health, Wealth, and Personal Values. Chicago: Dearborn Trade.
Brashier, Ralph C. 2004. Inheritance Law and the Evolving Family. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple Univ. Press.
Condon, Gerald M., and Jeffrey L. Condon. 1994. Beyond the Grave: The Right Way and the Wrong Way of Leaving Money to Your Children. New York: HarperInformation.
Daly, Eugene J. 1994. Thy Will Be Done: A Guide to Wills, Taxation, and Estate Planning for Older Persons. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus.


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Masonry heaters are the descendants of traditional European fireplace designs, where the need for warmth in cold winter climates came up against an urgent requirement to conserve wood resources. They are unmatched in the ability to burn solid wood cleanly and with maximum efficiency. Their superiority over traditional metal stoves was recognized as far back as Mark Twain. Any of our masonry heater designs will produce significant radiant wood heat with a very comfortable low surface temperature. They are typically sized according to the space for which heat is desired and can be surfaced with almost any masonry or ceramic material.
Mark Twain wrote the following description in 'Europe and Elsewhere'. Although he spoke of German fireplaces specifically, his words are now true (in proportion) for all of the Masonry Heaters that we install."Take the German stove, for instance … where can you find it outside of German countries? I am sure I have never seen it where German was not the language of the region. Yet it is by long odds the best stove and the most convenient and economical that has yet been invented.
To the uninstructed stranger it promises nothing; but he will soon find that it is a masterly performer, for all that. It has a little bit of a door which seems foolishly out of proportion to the rest of the edifice; yet the door is right; for it is not necessary that bulky fuel shall enter it. Small-sized fuel is used, and marvelously little at that. The door opens into a tiny cavern which would not hold more fuel that a baby could fetch in its arms. The process of firing is quick and simple. At half past seven on a cold morning the servant brings a small basketful of slender pine sticks – say a modified armful – and puts half these in, lights them with a match, and closes the door. They burn out in ten or twelve minutes. He then puts in the rest and locks the door, and carries off the key. The work is done. He will not come again until the next morning.
All day long and until past midnight all parts of the room will be delightfully warm and comfortable, and there will be no headaches and no sense of closeness or oppression. In an American room, whether heated by steam, hot water, or open fires, the neighborhood of the register or the fireplace is warmest – the heat is not equally diffused throughout the room; but in a German room one is as comfortable in one part of it as in another. Nothing is gained or lost by being near the stove. Its surface is not hot; you can put your hand on it anywhere and not get burnt.
Consider these things. One firing is enough for the day; the cost is next to nothing; the heat produced is the same all day, instead of too hot and too cold by turns; one may absorb himself in his business and peace; he does not need to feel any anxieties or solicitudes about his fire; his whole day is a realized dream of bodily comfort.
America could adopt this stove, but does America do it? The American wood stove, of whatsoever breed, it is a terror. There can be no tranquility of mind where it is. It requires more attention than a baby. It has to be fed every little while, it has to be watched all the time; and for all reward you are roasted half your time and frozen the other half. It warms no part of the room but its own part; it breeds headaches and suffocation, and makes one's skin feel dry and feverish; and when your wood bill comes in you thin you have been supporting a volcano.
We have in America many and many a breed of coal stove also – fiendish things, everyone of them. The base burner sort are heady and require but little attention; but none of them distributes its heat uniformly through the room, or keeps it at an unwavering temperature, or fails to take the life out of the atmosphere and leave it stuffy and smothery and stupefying…"
from 'Europe and Elsewhere' by Mark Twain


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America does austerity bigger than those European pussies.
Just when we all agreed that political candidates don't matter, Mitt Romney had to come along and fuck everything up.
Chronically underfunded government institutions mean that for anything to happen, you have to wait for a hero to come along.
Latin American presidents want to end the drug war!
'Facebook is the biggest social phenomenon since the telephone'
While economists and policymakers desperately search for ways to 'upscale' poverty alleviation, the academics are increasingly discovering that it can't be done.
Every generation devises a narrative for why it suffers from depression.
Juveniles shouldn't be held to the same moral standard for criminal behavior as adults. Unless, of course, a governor decides they should.
Now that the US has de facto lost the ability to raise taxes, states are courting casinos so they can suck on that sin-tax teet.
What it's like to be a woman in the Middle East.


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The "My Groups" View
In SharePoint 2010/2013, there's a cool little feature in task lists that lets you create a view that shows you all items assigned to any SharePoint groups that you're a member of. Even though it's not as apparent in other lists, this post will show you how to accomplish it using SharePoint Designer. This solution can be done in either SharePoint 2010 or 2013, with your corresponding version of SharePoint Designer.
- Create a task list in SharePoint 2010 or 2013. Notice that there's a default view in the list called "By My Groups".
- Create a task, and in the Assigned To box, pick a group that you are a member of. Create another task and assign it to a group you're not a member of. Notice that the "By My Groups" view will only show you the tasks assigned to groups you're in. It doesn't show items that are assigned to groups I'm not in, and doesn't show items that are assigned to me individually.
So, it's just a matter of hacking into the code to see what's going on. I have a library where I associate each item in the library with a group of people, for approvals to take place. I want to be able to have a single view, where everyone can view their group's items.
- Make sure you have a person field in your list/library, and it lets you pick people or groups. I'm calling mine "Approver".
- For your list or library where you want to add this functionality, click to create a new view. Choose standard view.
- You can call the view "My Groups" or whatever you'd like. In the filter section, just add any filter at all. It's not relevant and will be removed later, we're just using it as a placeholder. Just "Created By" is equal to [me] or anything at all.
- Click OK.
- In SharePoint Designer, click lists and libraries on the left, and click the name of your list or library.
- Click the name of your view in the Views section on the right.
- Now, the trick is to find in the code, the filter that you just created. The whole point was to find your filter and replace it with this special filter for groups. You'll find a part of the code (mine's on line 34) that has <Query><Where> in it, and it ends with </Where></Query>. This is the filter. Here's what you replace that whole thing with:
<Query><Where><Membership Type="CurrentUserGroups"><FieldRef Name="Approver"/></Membership></Where></Query>Notice that the field name Approver matches step 2 where I called my people field Approver.
- See that I put the query on its own line, even though it had originally all been crammed onto line 34. Again, be sure to change the field name to your own, and click Save.Done! Now, when you're on that view, you're only going to see the items where the "Approver" field contains a SharePoint list that you're a member of.Added 9/3: If you want the query to show everything that is assigned to you OR a group you're in, you can use this syntax:<Query><Where>
<FieldRef Name="Approver"/><Value Type="Integer"><UserID/></Value>
<Membership Type="CurrentUserGroups"><FieldRef Name="Approver"/></Membership>
8/18/2016 Update: Tried this old post in my SharePoint Online in Office 365 tenant, and had to use this new syntax instead:
<Membership Type="CurrentUserGroups">
<FieldRef Name="AssignedTo"/>
<FieldRef Name="AssignedTo"></FieldRef>
<Value Type="Integer">


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Nvidia promises to ship next-gen Kepler GPU this year (not!)By Matthew DeCarlo 23 comments
Update (8/5): Nvidia has clarified a previous statement regarding availability of its next-gen GPU codenamed Kepler. In a nutshell, Nvidia won't be shipping any final products using the new silicon this year. "Although we will have early silicon this year, Kepler-based products are actually scheduled to go into production in 2012. We wanted to clarify this so people wouldn't expect product to be available this year," said Ken Brown, a spokesman for Nvidia. Both AMD's and Nvidia's upcoming GPUs are slated to use a new 28nm process technology, with the likely possibility of brand new Radeon graphics cards making it into the market before the end of the year.
Original: We've seen various conflicting reports over the last six months about Nvidia's next-gen GPU launch schedule. It was originally reported that the graphics firm planned to unleash its codenamed "Kepler" (28nm) parts toward the end of this year. That story changed in early July when inside sources cited by DigiTimes claimed that Nvidia tweaked its roadmap due to low yields of TSMC's 28nm wafers, effectively shifting Kepler from 2011 to 2012, while "Maxwell" (22/20nm) cores would be bumped from 2012 or 2013 to 2014.
Apparently, that wasn't entirely accurate. Speaking at the company's GTC Workshop Japan event, Nvidia co-founder Chris Malachowsky reportedly said that Kepler is still (or back) on track for launch later this year. However, Malachowsky was careful with his wording, saying only that the parts would begin "shipping" by the end of 2011, and that doesn't necessarily mean you'll be able to purchase one in that window. It's fairly common for tech companies to paper launch products months before they're actually available.
When Kepler does arrive (almost certainly under the GeForce 600 series moniker), it will supposedly deliver a threefold increase in double precision performance per watt over Fermi along with being easier for developers to utilize for GPGPU applications. Considering it's still a few years out, even less is known about Maxwell. Based on Nvidia's year-old roadmap, its 22/20nm GPUs are expected to yet again triple Kepler's performance per watt and bring a sixteenfold increase in parallel graphics-based computing.


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The department's Texas Artificial Reef Program has worked for more than 10 years with the U.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) to secure title to the Texas Clipper, a former WWII troop transport ship, cruise liner and training vessel for the Texas A&M University Maritime Academy.
"We are very pleased to announce that as of today, the Texas Clipper project is officially underway," said Dale Shively, TPWD artificial reef program coordinator, on Oct. 11.
Shively said a Notice-to-Proceed has been issued to Resolve Marine Services, Inc. of Port Everglades, Florida to begin preparations to tow the ship from the MARAD Reserve Fleet dock in Beaumont to Brownsville for cleaning and final preparations. The transfer of the title from MARAD to the State of Texas is set to occur once towing commences from Beaumont.
Hazardous materials remediation (cleaning) and hull modifications will be performed by ESCO Marine of Brownsville, a subcontractor for Resolve Marine Services. The process of preparing the ship for reefing could take four to six months.
Towing will begin in late October or early November and the Texas Clipper will move slowly and deliberately out of Sabine Pass, through the Gulf of Mexico and into the Brazos Santiago pass. She will be moored at ESCO Marine's facility in Brownsville, cleaned of all environmental hazards and structurally modified to promote safe diving.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has approved the TPWD cleanup plan for the ship, but approval for sinking will be made after a final inspection by EPA.
In early 2007, she will be towed to a permitted reef site 17 nautical miles off the southern coast of Texas near South Padre Island to become an artificial reef.
The U.S.T.S. Texas Clipper is a 473-foot decommissioned Texas Maritime Training Academy ship that served students and sea cadets at Texas A&M University at Galveston from 1965-1996. She traveled the world's oceans and students spent countless weeks on her decks and in her many cabins.
The Texas Clipper was originally commissioned in 1944 as the U.S.S. Queens, a troop transport ship that served in World War II. She ferried fresh troops into battle and shuttled the wounded from Iwo Jima and was part of the American occupation at Sasebo, Japan. She was decommissioned in 1946.
From 1948 to 1958, she was commissioned the S.S. Excambion and served as one of the post-war four aces for American Export Lines. As a cruise liner, she sailed to ports in the Mediterranean after her many Atlantic crossings.
The TPWD Ships-to-Reefs program uses the sinking of large obsolete ships to create artificial reefs, adding a unique dimension to the Texas Artificial Reef Program. Ships-to-Reefs efforts began in the mid 1970s through the efforts of the Texas Coastal and Marine Council with the reefing of 12 Liberty Ships at six sites along the Texas coast.
These were some of the ships that survived enemy sinking attempts during World War II. Since that time, many large ships have been scrapped with relatively few becoming artificial reefs.
Recently, the U.S. Maritime Administration and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have drafted guidelines for coastal states to follow in the preparation of obsolete ships for their respective artificial reef programs. Texas will continue to look for opportunities to acquire suitable ships for its offshore waters.
For more information about Ships-to-Reefs or the Texas Artificial Reef Program, see the TPWD Web site.
– Texas Saltwater Fishing Guide


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Bobby Dale Earnhardt Arrested -- Race Car Driver Busted for DUI [Update]
Dale Earnhardt's Grandson Aspiring Race Car Driver BUSTED FOR DUI [Update]
12:20 PM PT -- Bobby just released a statement, saying, "I wanted to let you all know I made a terrible mistake last night drinking and driving and I am thankful nothing bad happened from my stupidity and I know It could have."
He added, "I'm sorry for letting all my fans friends and family down and I hope I can make it up to each and everyone of you and in the future be a good role model. I will continue to move forward with my racing career and I hope I continue to have your support thanks."
8:07 AM PT -- Cops tell TMZ ... "Mr. Earnhardt was pulled over for making a very wide left turn. After talking with him, our officer noticed his eyes were glassy, speech thick and slurred, smelt of alcohol."
"He was asked to get out of the vehicle where he was unsteady and when asked he said he only had 2 shots of alcohol."
"The officer performed a field sobriety test and determined he was intoxicated. He was taken into custody where he took another ERIR2 test where he blew a .193."
Dale Earnhardt's grandson -- an aspiring race car driver in his own right -- was arrested in West Virginia last night after cops say the 25-year-old was tooling around Charleston while hammered.
Bobby Dale Earnhardt -- a driver in the ARCA Truck series -- was pulled over by Charleston police just before midnight after cops say he was driving erratically.
During the stop, cops say, BDE admitted he had been boozing at a bar earlier in the evening. He also bombed a field sobriety test.
Earnhardt was eventually arrested for DUI and hauled to a nearby station -- where he was booked
Bobby Dale is scheduled to face a judge later this morning.


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A house provides plenty of flexibility, security, and lots of free space to roam around. However, owning a house can be a big financial responsibility that not everyone can or would want to handle. In this case, it may be more appropriate to opt for a House for Rent, particularly in a strategic location like Pasig in Metro Manila.
There are plenty of reasons to want to live in a home, such as wanting a larger space to raise a family or setting up a home office, among other things. But you don't need to own a home to be able to do all of these, you can still do these while living in a House for Rent in San Antonio. There's no correct way to do things, only the best choice for your needs.
Leasing a House in Pasig, Metro Manila is best if you're on a tight budget or if you're not prepared to handle the financial duties of homeownership. Rental payments may be less of a burden compared to shouldering the full cost of a home or a housing loan, allowing to avoid being stretched too thin in terms of finances.
Moreover, other expenses like repairs and regular maintenance of a House in Pasig in San Antonio aren't your responsibility. Settling other miscellaneous costs like a down payment and homeowner's association dues also isn't something you need to deal with. All of these financial duties fall on the shoulders of your landlord.
Living in a House for Rent also has the flexibility to look for the perfect location for your needs, without having to be tied down to a single place. There are various areas in Pasig in Metro Manila that cater to a host of lifestyles and preferences.
Another benefit of renting over buying is that you can stick to a strict budget. On an online real estate platform like Lamudi, you can use the comprehensive search function to toggle between price points for a House and find one that fits your financial situation. You can also search through the 3 houses for rent available and sort between the number of rooms, size of the area, and amenities to find the perfect rental House for you.
For a rental House in Pasig, Metro Manila, the average monthly fee costs ₱111,667. However, note that the rental fee of a House in San Antonio depends on various factors like location, floor area, number of bedrooms, amenities, and whether it comes furnished or not.
You can use Lamudi to search for a House in San Antonio, Pasig with special community amenities like a swimming pool or fitness center and unit features like a balcony or maid's quarters. You're granted free access to these facilities and features as a resident, unless the neighborhood requires a fee to use them.
Perhaps the only thing you'll need to pay out of pocket for are utilities like electricity and water. In some cases, the landlord of a House may have already set up the home with an internet and cable connection from their preferred service provider, which you'll pay every month to use.
With all these advantages in mind, it's easy to see why a House in San Antonio is an attractive housing option. Browsing the multitude of options available in Lamudi will help you make your final decision and find the perfect House among 3 available listings that best suits your needs.


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Suso Peña Rego was an artist who mainly worked for the foreign market throug the Selecciones Ilustradas and La Floresta agencies. He worked on the Spanish production of stories for the horror magazines by the American publishers Warren and Skywald. He drew for German series like 'Jeff Blake' and 'Wheeler', and 'The Steel Claw' for Fleetway in Britain.
For the Spanish market, he did art on series like '5 x Infinito', 'Gringo', 'Safari' and 'África' (the latter for Gran Pulgarcito), in alternation with other artists. He wrote and drew the series 'Control' in the science fiction magazine 1984.


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Plaque commemorating the Chinese construction workers who built the Great Summit Tunnel of the Sierras.
Views of the parking lot area for the Mt. Judah Loop trail.
Lake Mary from the Mt. Judah Loop trail.
Views of Castle Peak from the Mt. Judah Loop trail.
Summit taking in the views (and the wind).
Passing under the Mt. Judah Express chairlift on the Mt. Judah Loop trail.
Views of the mountains to the south of Mt. Judah.
Donner Lake from Mt. Judah.
Donner Summit Railroad Tunnels
Tunnel 8 as viewed from Donner Pass Rd
Donner Lake
Looking at the south shore of Donner Lake from the public docks on the north shore
Marker noting the Chinese Wall at the historic Donner Summit railroad tunnels
The "Chinese Wall" at the Donner Summit railroad tunnels - used to shore up the railroad bed
Looking into tunnels 7 & 6
Inside tunnel 6
Donner Summit Railroad Tunnels
The vertical shaft in tunnel 6 used to transport workers and dynamite
© 2023 John Peltier PhotographyPO Box 6655, Incline Village, NV 89450530-318-3302


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NORFOLK, VA – A federal judge is attempting to preserve the largest collection of artifacts excavated from the Titanic remains, and one key person is on her side.
An Atlanta company called RMS Titanic, Inc. gathered 5,900 artifacts during six dives down to the wreckage. Previous courts have already decided that while the company has exclusive right of salvage to the ship, they do not get to own any of the items found.
U.S. District Judge Rebecca Beach Smith is expected to rule that the artifacts must be kept together and accessible to the public, effectively eliminating any possibility of them showing up on auction.
It is rumored that Judge Smith was heavily swayed by the testimony of Captain E.J. Smith, the captain of the original Titanic who was discovered back in 1991. As long-time Weekly World News readers may recall, Captain Smith was found sitting in a lifeboat smoking an old pipe about 242 miles southwest of Iceland. He appeared to have not aged a day!
Captain Smith was soon whisked to Oslo to have his identity confirmed, and to be tested and cared for. He never accepted any interview requests, and soon faded into obscurity in the Norwegian countryside. However, it seems Captain Smith has finally emerged to honor and defend the 1,521 people who died in the Titanic disaster.
A court attendee explained, "I think he is trying to atone for what happened to the ship. As captain, he was in charge of thousands of lives and he let them down. By some miracle, he is alive here and now. What else could it be except God's intervention?"
To read more about Captain Smith's incredible story, click here.


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The Triko will get to work on the job, make sure things are done to the highest possible standards and let you know when it's done and we'll securely process the payment. You can then review their work, skills and expertise, and recommend them to your friends and family.
- We are more than a platform that lets you hire home services for you and your family, we are a community based on safety, trust and companionship that strives to make your life easier and better.
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WELLINGTON, New Zealand - A beverage company has asked a team to drill through Antarctica's ice for a lost cache of some vintage Scotch whiskey that has been on the rocks since a century ago.
The drillers will be trying to reach two crates of McKinlay and Co. whiskey that were shipped to the Antarctic by British polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton as part of his abandoned 1909 expedition.
Whyte & Mackay, the drinks group that now owns McKinlay and Co., has asked for a sample of the 100-year-old scotch for a series of tests that could decide whether to relaunch the now-defunct Scotch.
Workers from New Zealand's Antarctic Heritage Trust will use special drills to reach the crates, frozen in Antarctic ice under the Nimrod Expedition hut near Cape Royds.
Al Fastier, who will lead the expedition in January, said restoration workers found the crates of whiskey under the hut's floorboards in 2006. At the time, the crates and bottles were too deeply embedded in ice to be dislodged.
The New Zealanders have agreed to try to retrieve some bottles, although the rest must stay under conservation guidelines agreed by 12 Antarctic Treaty nations. Fastier said he did not want to sample the contents.
"It's better to imagine it than to taste it," he said. "That way it keeps its mystery."
Richard Paterson, Whyte & Mackay's master blender, said the Shackleton expedition's whiskey could still be drinkable and taste exactly as it did 100 years ago.
If he can get a sample, he intends to replicate the old Scotch and put McKinlay whiskey back on sale.
"I really hope we can get some back here," he was quoted as telling London's Telegraph newspaper. "It's been laying there lonely and neglected. It should come back to Scotland where it was born.
"Even if most of the bottles have to remain in Antarctica for historic reasons, it would be good if we could get a couple," Paterson said.
Source: Associated Press
Related articles:
Shackleton's Vintage Whisky Exposes Secret Tippler on Antarctic Expedition
Do you prefer your Scotch neat or buried deep beneath Antarctic Ice?


text: Shrek is feeling over-domesticated in the fourth installment. He has lost his roar. It used to send villagers running away in terror. Now they run to him and ask him to sign their pitchforks and torches. To regain his ogre mojo, he strikes a deal with Rumpelstiltskin. The pact goes awry and Shrek must confront what life would be like in Far Far Away if he had never existed. That translates into Donkey being forced into cart-pulling duty, fat and lazy Puss in Boots trading his sword for a pink bow and the underhanded Rumpelstiltskin ruling the kingdom


text:
Acute respiratory disorders either affect the upper or lower respiratory systems and require clinical care by a doctor or other health care professional. Listed in the directory below are some of the conditions, for which we have provided a brief overview.
Upper Respiratory Disorders
Lower Respiratory Disorders
Francesca Torriani, MD
Medical Director, Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology
UC San Diego | School of Medicine


text: Oh boy.. here we go. Another hot Fraternity X video has just been released and we know you're going to want to jerk your dick when you watch it. Tom, Alex and Danny are three straight and horny seniors who are bored and drunk. It's too late to get a booty call so they decide they are going to release their sexual frustrations on one of the freshman members of the house. They find Tyler alone in his room studying for some bullshit freshman class and they decide they are going to breed his ass. The three seniors pull out their big fat college cocks and tell Tyler to start sucking them off. Poor Tyler gets scared and starts shaking which only turns the guys on more. After sucking on their big fraternity cocks, they make Tyler bend over and all three of them take turns fucking that sweet virgin ass. These straight boys fuck that freshman ass like it's a virgin pussy. Each one of these frat jocks bust their load either fucking Tyler's ass or fucking his mouth. And don't let Tyler fool you… he loved every minute while he was taking them big dicks in both of his slutty little holes. Fucking hot!


text:
- Title
- Exercise beats anxiety : So why not do it? A lack of time you say!
- Creator
- Moore, Kathleen; Bouchoucha, Stephane
- Date
- 2016
- Type
- Text; Book chapter
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/158423
- Identifier
- vital:11773
- Identifier
- Abstract
- Exercise has been shown to have numerous health benefits including reductions in anxiety. Despite the known benefits of exercise, few people actually engaged in the recommended level of health activity. One major reason people report for their failure to exercise is a lack of time. The aims in this study were to determine 1) whether or not exercisers do report lower levels of anxiety than non-exercisers, 2) if non-exercisers have less discretionary time than exercisers and 3) to compare exercisers and non-exercisers on their time structure. One hundred and thirty-one volunteers (70% females) provided information on their typical exercise behavior, completed the anxiety subscale of the Profile of Mood States, and the Time Structure Questionnaire. Results indicate a tendency for non-exercising females to report higher scores on anxiety than all other participants, that exercisers were more focused on task completion, and that there is no difference in the discretionary time of exercisers and non-exercisers thus challenging the myth that lack of time prevents people from exercising. These results are discussed in terms of future programs.
- Publisher
- Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
- Relation
- Stress and Anxiety : Strategies, Opportunities and Adaptation Chapter 1 p. 7-16
- Rights
- Copyright © 2016 Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- Stress; Anxiety; Exercise
- Reviewed
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- Visitors: 683
- Downloads: 3


text:
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text:
Disease: Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands, also called parathyroids. "Primary" means this disorder originates in the parathyroids: One or more enlarged, overactive parathyroid glands secretes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). In secondary hyperparathyroidism, a problem such as kidney failure causes the parathyroids to be overactive. This publication focuses on primary hyperparathyroidism.
What are the parathyroid glands?
The parathyroid glands are four pea-sized glands located on the thyroid gland in the neck. Occasionally, a person is born with one or more of the parathyroid glands embedded in the thyroid, in the thymus, or located elsewhere around this area. In most such cases, however, the glands function normally.
Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are entirely different glands, each producing distinct hormones with specific functions. The parathyroid glands secrete PTH, a substance that helps maintain the correct balance of calcium and phosphorus in the body. PTH regulates the level of calcium in the blood, release of calcium from bone, absorption of calcium in the intestine, and excretion of calcium in the urine.
When the level of calcium in the blood falls too low, the parathyroid glands secrete just enough PTH to restore the blood calcium level.Picture of the Parathyroid Glands
What is hyperparathyroidism?
If the parathyroid glands secrete too much hormone, as happens in primary hyperparathyroidism, the balance is disrupted: Blood calcium rises. This condition of excessive calcium in the blood, called hypercalcemia, is what usually signals the doctor that something may be wrong with the parathyroid glands. In 85 percent of people with primary hyperparathyroidism, a benign tumor called an adenoma has formed on one of the parathyroid glands, causing it to become overactive. Benign tumors are noncancerous. In most other cases, the excess hormone comes from two or more enlarged parathyroid glands, a condition called hyperplasia. Very rarely, hyperparathyroidism is caused by cancer of a parathyroid gland.
This excess PTH triggers the release of too much calcium into the bloodstream. The bones may lose calcium, and too much calcium may be absorbed from food. The levels of calcium may increase in the urine, causing kidney stones. PTH also lowers blood phosphorus levels by increasing excretion of phosphorus in the urine.
Source: http://www.rxlist.com
Define Common Diseases
Vaccine Health Center helps you find information, definitaions and treatement options for most common diseases, sicknesses, illnesses and medical conditions. Find what diseases you have quick and now.


text:
Afghanistan's Abdullah calls Karzai confirmation 'illegal'
Abdullah Abdullah also said Wednesday that President Karzai's government could not effectively tackle corruption or fight Afghanistan's insurgency.
| Kabul, Afghanistan
Afghanistan's main opposition leader bowed out of the presidential contest peacefully – and even urged supporters not to protest.
But he's not letting Hamid Karzai retake power that easily.
In a press conference Wednesday, three days since dropping out of the race, Abdullah Abdullah questioned the legitimacy of President Karzai's new government, saying it fell to the people of Afghanistan to decide and declaring the decision to cancel the election runoff "illegal."
Commenting on the death of five British soldiers Tuesday in southern Afghanistan, Dr. Abdullah suggested the controversial elections result would only result in Western countries needing to send more troops.
"Eight years down the road we still need more troops. In the absence of a credible, reliable, and legitimate partner, more soldiers, more resources are the only thing which will be resulted," said Dr. Abdullah.
Election fiasco spurs calls for more US troops
The messy elections have, so far, dampened enthusiasm in Washington over sending more troops, since additional forces are tied to a counterinsurgency strategy that hopes to win back popular support for the government. But with the elections finished, some Afghans are couching the need for more troops in terms of simply stopping the insurgency from spreading, particularly in once-stable northern areas where Abdullah's loss is alienating political leaders.
"The northern area … is the emerging area for insurgency," says Waliullah Rahmani, the executive director of the Kabul Center for Strategic Studies. The Americans and the Karzai administration, he says, need to send more forces there and to fix the rift with Abdullah.
"They will not be able to follow a successful strategy in the northern areas of stabilizing the situation there without, for example, the Abdullah bloc."
Abdullah himself said many of the Afghan and international community goals for better governance would be futile given the genesis of this new government.
"A government which in its formation is based on an illegal decision by a body, to hope that the second government would deliver in dealing with the corruption, issues of governance, [improving] security in this country, it sounds like an exaggeration," said Abdullah.
The north has seen a rise in attacks over the past year. Partly, this is from Taliban finding new entry points into the region, and partly from increased activity of Hizb-e-Islami forces aligned with the Taliban.
Rahmani says it's too early to know what, if any, impact unhappiness in the north over the election might have on former mujahideen and Islamist party commanders. These figures – particularly those once aligned with the parties of Hizb-e-Islami and Jamiat-e-Islami – form the dry tinder for a northern insurgency to spread.
"The north has the potential for insurgency and, of course, if you do not have supportive elements and correctors in these areas to control the province, then for sure insurgent elements will have a wider ground. So the Obama administration should decide to send more troops to Afghanistan," he says.
Offsetting these concerns, however, is the fact that Abdullah has consistently appealed for nonviolence and come out against popular street demonstrations. He reiterated that message Wednesday, despite word from top supporters yesterday that demonstrations were under consideration.
"I wish for my people to be calm and patient and to live in a peaceful environment. So do not do illegal things," Abdullah said.
Support for a Karzai-Abdullah deal
He went on to deny that there was any sort of deal in the works for some of his supporters to take cabinet positions in the new Karzai government. "We are not going to deal," he said, and as for a position for himself: "I am not interested." The last time he met with Karzai, he said, was over a week ago.
Rahmani says that private conversations around Kabul reveal there are negotiations over handing some key ministries over to Abdullah's supporters. The US should push strongly for this, he argues, by telling Abdullah: "Let's not put Afghanistan in crisis."
Interviews with Karzai supporters around Kabul suggest there is general support for welcoming Abdullah or his people into the new government.
"For the rehabilitation of Afghanistan, we would have nothing against [Abdullah]. If he came to the government, we would be happy," says Kasim Khalil, a retired military general and campaigner for Karzai
Another Karzai voter, Hafiz Tarakhil, said such a union would be good, but so would Abdullah as an opposition figure.
"If we were to continue his opposition that is also good because the government should have an opposite side," says Mr. Tarkahil.


text:
jazz707 photography
Classic Aircraft Photography incorporating J7 Aviation Media
Photo Journal
Local Airports
Photo Journal
UK July 2007
Pictures taken around the country in July 2007, starting with the first of two visits to Waddington to catch the Indian AF deployment for exercise 'Indra Dhanush 07', involving Su-30's with IL-76 and IL-78 support. While in that area, the three day UK trip then took in the Newark Air Museum, before on to Langar, Stansted and Heathrow.
The next day Fairoaks, Lasham, Southampton and Bournemouth were visited, before on to the RIAT the following day (see seperate gallery). Then after Fairford, visits were made to Staverton, Birmingham, Coventry and East Midlands on the way home, before back to Waddington the following day!
Finally, a visit to Manchester at the end of the month, catching up with the regulars, in great weather, finished off a typically busy July in the UK.
UK July 2007
Read More
86-0175/LN F-15C USAF 493FS/48FW (Overshoots)
B-KAB B747-300SF Dragonair Cargo


text:
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text:
Security firm Kaspersky Lab said patent firm Lodsys had withdrawn its claims rather than face the verdict of the court in a patent dispute.
"Kaspersky Lab paid no money to Lodsys, and did not agree to any settlement terms," it said Wednesday.
The outcome is seen as a key win for technology companies fighting in court with patent companies, popularly known as patent trolls because they extract royalty and damages for the patents they own, but do not make any products.
Lodsys wanted to avoid a ruling on the merits of its claims, the digital rights group Electronic Frontier Foundation, wrote in a blog post. "While it has sued some big players, most of its targets have been tiny app developers who lack the resources to defend patent litigation," it said.
Kaspersky was the only one of 55 companies sued by Lodsys that decided to fight on and demanded the case be brought to trial, rather than settle with the patent firm in a lawsuit filed in a court in Texas in May 2012, the security company said.
Lodsys claimed that each of the companies was infringing on one or more of four patents, that pertain to collecting user's perceptions about the product, including purchases, and upgrades with computer applications.
The U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, Marshall division, passed an order earlier this week dismissing with prejudice all claims and counterclaims between Lodsys and Kaspersky. Attorneys' fees and other expenses were to be borne by the party that incurred them. The two companies had earlier moved the court for the dismissal.
Symantec, Hewlett-Packard and Samsung Electronics recently settled with Lodsys, according to court records.
"Our lawyers in the court reported that Lodsys has withdrawn its lawsuit and the judge dismissed the case 'with prejudice', meaning they can't bring a similar case against us again," said Eugene Kaspersky, chairman and CEO of the company in a blog post. Lodsys could not be immediately reached for comment.


text:
Related Texts by Joyce
Editorial Note
A Portrait of the Artist
From Stephen Hero: Emma Cleary; I Will Not Submit; The Convent Girls; You Are Mad, Stephen; Epiphanies
The Trieste Notebook
From Ulysses: Let Me Be and Let Me Live; The Only True Thing in Life?; Nothung!
From Finnegans Wake: Shem the Penman; The Haunted Inkbottle
III. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: Criticism
Early Comment:
Ezra Pound, Letter to Joyce
Edward Garnett, Reader's Report
Ezra Pound, James Joyce: At Last the Novel Appears
Diego Angeli, Extracts from Il Marzocco
H. G. Wells, James Joyce
The Egoist, Extracts from Press Notices
The Egoist, James Joyce and His Critics: Some Classified Comments
The Tradition and the New Novel:
Maurice Beebe, The Artist as Hero
Irene Hendry Chayes, Joyce's Epiphanies
Frank O'Connor, Joyce and Dissociated Metaphor
William York Tindall, The Literary Symbol
General Readings:
Richard Ellmann, The Growth of Imagination
Harry Levin, The Artist
Hugh Kenner, The Portrait in Perspective
Kenneth Burke, Definitions
Controversy: The Question of Esthetic Distance:
Editor's Introduction
Wayne Booth, The Problem of Distance in A Portrait of the Artist
Robert Scholes, Stephen Dedlaus, Poet or Esthete?
IV. Explanatory Notes
Topics for Discussion and Papers
Selected Bibliography


text:
good chemistry is complicated,
and a little bit messy -LW
comment on
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|Need Help??
Funny you ask "what it is". My best effort of answering that question was, ( and of course the answer made sense for me only, not necessarily to someone else) this. It seems to me that it measures force (in physical sense) which you use for several types of activity (emotional, physical etc). People train with age and experience, and that can explain why boundaries between types are so blurred. But if, as I suspect, it all comes down to how many synaptic connections we've got to emotional core and logical core for example, then it just shows the speed at which we digest different types of information.
In reply to Re^3: My Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is ...
by dk


text:
Research team catches, tags and releases 15 tiger sharks off MauiUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Researcher, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB)
Melissa Iwamoto, (808) 956-6556
Outreach & Program Coordinator, Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
Scientists from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) completed the first phase of a project to observe the movements of tiger sharks caught and tagged around the island of Maui. In response to an uptick in the number of shark attacks recorded on Maui, the State of Hawaiʻi's Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) is funding a study on the movements of tiger sharks caught and released around the Valley Isle. DLNR plans to use the results of the study to guide future decisions regarding management of shark populations in Hawai'i.
Lead scientists Drs. Carl Meyer and Kim Holland report that, in late October, the shark research team caught and released 15 tiger sharks in waters off the south shore of Maui. Eight of these sharks were equipped with satellite transmitters to track their movements. To help disseminate the results to the public, the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is launching a web page (http://pacioos.org/projects/sharks/) that shows the movements of the tagged sharks. The page will also include sharks tagged in the future as the project progresses. William Aila, Chair of DLNR commented, "It's good to see the Maui shark tracking project off to such a good start, and the new PacIOOS web page will give the public an opportunity to become more familiar with the behavior of sharks in Hawai'i's waters."
About PacIOOS -- Based within the School for Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, PacIOOS is the Pacific Islands regional component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®). PacIOOS is a partnership of data providers and users working together to enhance ocean observations and develop, disseminate, evaluate, and apply ocean data and information products designed to address the environmental, economic, and public safety needs of stakeholders who call the Pacific Islands home.
For more information, visit: http://pacioos.org/projects/sharks/