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His Excellency Sergio Osmeña
President of the Philippines
To the Congress
On the State of the Nation
[Delivered on June 9, 1945]
Today, a moment of great historic significance, the voice of our people, muted throughout the long dreary night of enemy enslavement, is to be heard again in the halls of this Congress, through their duly elected representatives.
It has been a long lapse of time since that day in November, 1941, when you were elected, to this day when you gather in your first session. We can hardly recognize our country after the cataclysm that has engulfed it. The war has left its livid scars everywhere—on our buildings as well as on men's souls. Probably nothing can more starkly summarize our present plight than the fact that the Executive and Legislative branches of our Government have to meet today in a borrowed house because our Legislative Building is a heap of rubble and ashes, mute witness to the savage desperation of the beaten enemy.
The tragedy that has afflicted our nation has lacerated our hearts. We all miss today many dear and familiar faces that are no more. But perhaps no sorrow has touched us more deeply than the passing of our beloved leader, Manuel L. Quezon. I know, however, that you feel as I do that his immortal spirit abides with us in this hour of trial and crisis, encouraging us to proceed with the arduous tasks that lie ahead. This great man, who dedicated his entire life to his country, died as he would have wanted to die—in line of duty. Soon his mortal remains, kept at the Arlington National Cemetery at Virginia, will be brought back to the Philippines, and we shall all have the opportunity of rendering him our last homage of admiration and affection. We shall erect him a monument so that we and our generations yet unborn may keep his memory enshrined in our hearts.
The Philippines is the one territory under the American flag which has suffered the most at the invader's hands. Not only are its war casualties the highest in proportion to population, not only have its cities and towns been destroyed and looted, its countrysides and farms laid waste, and its whole economic structure ruined, but its people have undergone more physical pain and mental anguish than in any other part of the United States. As early as December 8, 1941, a few hours after her felon attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan sent bombers and task forces to the Philippines. Unavoidably turned into a battlefield, our country suffered heavily in men and property, especially in Bataan, where the Filipino-American Army battled the Japanese forces for four long months.
Then followed a period of enemy occupation, cruel and humiliating. No sooner had the fighting in Bataan ended than the enemy began the systematic looting of our country. There was no limit to what he could requisition with his worthless money. Even our barest necessities were commandeered. And when we tried to stand by our rights, force, ruthless force, immediately intervened. With or without cause, people by the scores were arrested and sent to prison and concentration camps—some to be tortured, others to be executed. As time went on, we became more impoverished, while the enemy became still more cruel and arrogant. After undergoing three years of enemy domination, no people was a more pitiful sight than the Filipinos—lean, ragged and famished.
I wish to stress the fact that the extreme suffering of the Filipinos and the widespread destruction wrought on our country has been due, in a large measure, to their unwavering loyalty to the United States. No people, I believe, has given so much proof of fidelity to the cause of the mother country as the Filipinos.
When Japan invaded the Philippines, the American flag was here. Even without that flag, Japan would probably have launched her attack. But as long as the Philippines remained under American sovereignty, the responsibility for the defense of the Islands lay with the United States. For forty odd years, in our continuous preparation for self-government, we exercised jurisdiction over matters of education, public works, sanitation and other functions of public administration, but never over our national defense. This function remained in the hands of the United States as the sovereign power. It is true that as soon as the Commonwealth was established, we started giving our citizens military training and building up a modest army, but these steps were in preparation, not for war, but for the fulfillment of our peaceful duties as an independent nation.
Notwithstanding these facts, the Filipino people rallied to the defense of the American flag, paying no heed to the cost and consequences. The sad moment came when it had to be admitted that the battle was lost, since a relief force could not be sent to the Philippines. But far from wavering, the Filipino soldier, side by side with his American comrade, fought on harder than ever until he was overwhelmed by superior numbers.
Unwilling to bow to the enemy, the Filipino people valiantly took up the struggle with all the strength they could muster. Patriotic groups soon sprang up throughout the length and breadth of the Archipelago. At first eluding the enemy, the guerrillas took to the mountains, but with the active support of the civilian population they quickly grew in number and strength to become a virtual challenge to the enemy. The story of the guerrilleros and of the civilian patriots who helped them, is an epic of heroism, loyalty and sacrifice. As far as possible they should be given recognition. Recognized guerrilla units have already been incorporated into the Philippine Army.
As stated in Leyte, in praising the guerrillas we should not be forgetful of the loyal civilians who were left behind and, at the risk of their lives, supported the resistance movement. Included among these civilians were those who, at the beginning of the war, were civil service employees or holders of subordinate positions in the government, and who remained at their posts to protect the people and extend to them all possible aid and comfort. They should, as a general principle, be recalled as soon as their services should be needed; only for strong reasons should they be deprived of their privilege to serve. This policy applies as well to elected provincial and municipal officials who were chosen in the election of 1940, thus giving due consideration to the will of the people as expressed at the polls.
Filipino loyalty to America is an incontestable fact. It is the more remarkable when we consider that right from the start of the war the Filipinos were subjected to a terrific barrage of anti-American propaganda. Claiming invincibility and professing a brotherly spirit toward the Philippines, Japan declared that she had come to our country to free us from the American yoke, and offered us a place of honor in here much vaunted Co-Prosperity Sphere. But we contrasted these soothing words with the factual, liberal and generous record of America. Against the obviously empty promises of Tojo was the solemn pledge of President Roosevelt to the Filipinos that "their freedom would be redeemed and their independence established and protected." This pledge was later enlarged to include the promise that the Philippines would be "assisted in the full repair of the ravages caused by the war."
It was in quest of the fulfillment of the promises of President Roosevelt that President Quezon and his Cabinet accepted his invitation to transfer the Commonwealth Government to Washington. In the course of this session, I shall have occasion to report to you the activities of our government in the United States. In this message I propose to discuss only the salient phases of that labor.
When we reached the United States, this country was entirely preoccupied with the problems of her mighty war effort and her attention was concentrated on the European front. She was straining all her means and resources towards the fulfillment of her resolution to crush Nazi Germany first. It was then extremely difficult to divert American attention to the Pacific, but determined to present our cause before the American people, President Quezon held conferences with President Roosevelt and appeared before the Senate and House of Representatives. In spite of the delicate state of his health, he worked ceaselessly during the first year of his stay in Washington, delivering important speeches and repeatedly broadcasting to the Philippines in an effort to maintain the faith of his people. In active support of the President, the members of his Cabinet also made speeches throughout the United States, inviting the attention of the people of America to the loyal stand of the Filipinos and urging prompt efforts for their early redemption.
The United States has kept her pledge. The Philippines is now liberated. This arduous campaign of eight months, beginning at Leyte Gulf, has ended with the current final phase of mopping up in Mindanao and Northern Luzon. Only the mountain corridor of Cagayan Valley, a trap from which there is no escape, remains under Japanese occupation.
Yet, in the flush of victory, we are apt to take for granted the monumental effort which the United States has had to exert to liberate us. Into the Southwest Pacific Area the Japanese General Staff had poured a tremendous amount of troops, planes and ships. Estimates place the Japanese, military forces in the Philippines as comprising an entire army area, two army corps, at least 22 divisions and brigades, and a large number of service troops, totaling at least 450,000 men. Merchant marine, laborers and hastily drafted civilians swelled this locust plague of armed of occupation forces.
Enormous distances had to be traversed, but within the framework of a master plan that took everything into consideration—climate, terrain and an enemy who preferred suicide to capture—operations stretching over 3,000 miles were relentlessly pursued throughout the bitter years of 1942, 1943 and 1944, until the brilliant goal is within inescapable reach in 1945. The main goal of these far-flung operations was the liberation of the Philippines. Enemy losses in the Philippines to date exceed 380,000, a mortal wound inflicted on the Japanese army. With relatively low losses to ourselves, we have before us another example of the brilliant strategy of that genial military leader, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur.
The strategic effect of the liberation of the Philippines has been to set the stage for ultimate Japanese defeat at home and in the south, two areas now severed from each other. Filipinos have done their part in this work by giving lavishly of their men and resources to the United States. But the fight is not yet over, and so I have offered to General MacArthur one division of Filipino troops, under Filipino officers, for the final assault on Japan. Words alone cannot express our gratitude to the United States for all it has done for us, and I take this opportunity to repeat the offer made by President Quezon in 1941 to the people of America—that the men and resources of the Philippines are unconditionally at the service of the United States.
While our Government in Washington did its utmost to present before the American people the political aspect of the struggle in the Philippines, it did not neglect the economic phase, fully aware that the war would produce serious dislocations in the economic life of our country. President Quezon initiated personally the negotiations with the Federal Government to obtain the necessary economic assistance after the war. He did not stop negotiating directly with that Government until, because of his health, he had to retire temporarily from active labor. To proceed with the work already commenced, he created a Post War Planning Board. This Board held sessions continuously and completed its preliminary work. This served as the basis for a program which was finally submitted by the representatives of our Government on the Filipino Rehabilitation Commission presided over by Senator Tydings. I am presenting to you with this message the reports which have been submitted to me by the Filipino group of this Commission. Upon their examination you will find that the program of relief and rehabilitation, as prepared by our representatives in Washington, is very comprehensive. I wish on this occasion to praise the work done by our group. Our men there accomplished a difficult task within very limited means. Now that there is available to me a wealth of human material, it is my purpose to appoint to this Commission new representatives, among whom will be members of this Congress.
When I assumed office as President of the Philippines, I considered it my duty to exert every possible effort to obtain the active personal interest of the President of the United States in our problems. But when I was prepared to confer with President Roosevelt on his return from Quebec last October, I received an urgent request from General MacArthur, to join him and the forces of liberation that were poised to retake the Philippines. Because of this urgent request, I was able to have only a short conference with President Roosevelt, but I promised him that I would return to the United States as soon as possible to continue our conversations.
After the reestablishment of the Commonwealth Government in Leyte, I returned to the United States. President Roosevelt being then out of Washington and, on the other hand, finding myself in urgent need of submitting to a physical examination, I went to Jacksonville, Florida. Everything was in readiness for my hospitalization there when I received another telegram from General Macarthur urging me to join him in Luzon immediately. Reaching Lingayen on the very day I was expected, I rejoined General MacArthur in his headquarters and with him I entered Manila.
Upon resuming my functions in this Capital, I endeavored to convene the Congress, but due to the military situation, it was not possible to do so. I then decided to return to the United States to renew my conferences with President Roosevelt. We met on April 5th and reached an agreement on some of our basic problems. We further agreed to meet again in Washington. Unfortunately, the President died on the 12th.
Shocked by the sad news, I hastened to express to his successor the most profound condolences of the Filipino people. I flew to Washington to attend the funeral services. In the passing of President Roosevelt we, with the entire world, have suffered an irreparable loss. I recommend the erection, by public subscription, of a national library to be named "Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Library" as a lasting tribute to him who was a true friend of the Filipinos and a great champion of human rights and liberties.
President Roosevelt had suggested that our next meeting be at the White House on April 19. On that date President Truman received me and we conferred in the presence of the Secretaries of State, War, Navy and the Interior. This was followed by another conference the next week in which President Truman accepted as his own President Roosevelt's commitments with respect to the Philippines and decided, with my concurrence, to send Senator Tydings of Maryland as his special envoy to the Philippines.
The object of the Tydings Mission was not to collect data here, since all the necessary statistical and other information were already available to Senator Tydings before he left Washington. The mission desired, firstly, to obtain a personal impression of the situation in which the war had left us, and secondly, to contact personally the officials of the Philippine Government, the Military Command and other interested parties, with a view to coordinating their suggestions and fitting them into the rehabilitation plans already under consideration. Deeply moved by what he saw in Manila, Senator Tydings decided to return immediately to Washington to report to the President of the United States. Indicative of the sympathy, zeal and industry of the Tydings Mission is the four-point program for the rehabilitation of the Philippines which it has publicly announced. I am confident that action on this and other programs will soon be forthcoming.
First and foremost in our minds, as Filipinos, is the question of our political future. In this matter, no greater and nobler message has been given to the Filipino people than that of President Roosevelt when, on August 13, 1943, reiterating his previous promises on independence made on December 28, 1941, he expressed himself in the following words:
"On December 28, 1941, three weeks after the armies of the Japanese launched their attack on Philippine soil, I sent a proclamation to you, the gallant people of the Philippines.
"I said then:
"'I give to the people of the Philippines my solemn pledge that their freedom will be redeemed and their independence established and protected. The entire resources in men and materials of the United States stand behind that pledge.'
"We shall keep this promise just as we have kept every promise which America has made to the Filipino people."
Soon after, on the initiative of President Quezon, steps were taken to obtain congressional sanction for these pledges. If President Quezon did nothing but this in his political career — and his political record can hardly be surpassed — it alone would entitle him to the eternal gratitude of his people. Senate Joint Resolution No. 93, which President Quezon and I asked for and accepted, is the culmination of our joint congressional efforts. This legislation authorizes the President of the United States to advance the date of independence provided in the Independence Law. It also provides, through the maintenance by the United States of bases in the Philippines, "for full security for the Philippines, for the mutual protection of the Islands and the United States, and for the future maintenance of peace in the Pacific."
So that the import of this new legislation, and the responsibility which we Filipinos have assumed thereby, may be better understood, it is necessary that we review past events even if we have to walk again on well-trodden paths.
National independence was the goal which our revolutionaries of 1896 and 1898 set for themselves. When the fortunes of war were adverse to our arms and American sovereignty was established in 1898, individual liberties were recognized, among them the right of free assembly. Under the protection of this freedom, two political groups came into existence: the Federalistas, who declared themselves in favor of the annexation of the Philippines to the United States so as to constitute, in due time, a state of the Union; and the Nacionalistas, who advocated the ideal of independence which the Filipino revolutionaries had proclaimed but were not able to achieve in war.
The aspiration to be free, nurtured in an atmosphere of peace, was received with sympathy in the United States. The legitimacy of this aspiration was recognized by Dr. Jacob G. Schurman, President of the first American Commission sent by President McKinley to the Philippines, in these memorable words:
"The watchword of progress, the key to the future of the political development of the archipelago, is neither colonialism nor federalism, but nationalism. The destiny of the Philippine Islands is not to be a State or territory in the United States of America, but a daughter republic of ours—a new birth of liberty on the, other side of the Pacific, which shall animate and energize those lovely islands of the tropical seas, and, rearing its head aloft, stand as a monument of progress and a beacon of hope to all the oppressed and benighted millions of the Asiatic continent."
On their part the Filipino people, who had elected a majority of Nacionalistas to the first Philippine Assembly, which met in 1907, repeatedly reiterated their confidence in them in successive elections, until the Congress approved in 1934 the Tydings-McDuffie Act creating the present Commonwealth. This law was accepted, first by the Legislature and then directly by the people, thus binding America and the Philippines to a virtual covenant by which the United States formally committed itself to withdraw its sovereignty from the Philippines and proclaim our independence on July 4, 1946. The ten-year transition period was not established to delay the proclamation of independence, but only to prepare the Philippines adequately for the responsibilities of nationhood.
We were well advanced in our preparations for independence when we became the object of an unjust aggression by Japan. But Japan's military occupation of the Philippines had not affected the independence program agreed upon between the United States and the Philippines. When President Roosevelt invited the President of the Government of the Commonwealth and his Cabinet to evacuate to the United States, he did not do so merely to preserve the constitutional integrity of the Philippine Government but also to assure the realization, in due time, of the program of independence.
With this fundamental idea in mind, the United States took the initiative of considering the Philippines as possessing all of the attributes of complete and respected nationhood. I cannot give you a more authoritative statement concerning the status of our Government in Washington than that which President Roosevelt himself made in his broadcast to the Philippines on August 13, 1943:
"The Philippine Government is a signatory of the Declaration by the United Nations, along with thirty-one other nations. President Quezon and Vice President Osmeña attend the meetings of the Pacific War Council, where the war in the Pacific is charted and planned. Your government has participated fully and equally in the United Nations Conference on Food and Agriculture, and a Philippine representative is a member of the Interim Commission created by that Conference. And, of course, the Philippine Government will have its rightful place in the conference which will follow the defeat of Japan."
In confirmation of this status we are now participating, among the free and independent nations of the world, in the United Nations Conference on International Organization now taking place in San Francisco.
This war, which has ravaged the world and which is yet to be won in the Pacific, has brought to the Philippines a permanent blessing. I refer to the fundamental change in America's policy with regard to the outside world, namely, her abandonment of the attitude of isolation and her frank acknowledgment of her duty, as one of the most powerful nations on earth, to preserve for all mankind liberty, justice, peace and security.
In conformity with this new, well-asserted ideology, Congress approved in 1944 Joint Resolutions 93 and 94 which provide, among other things, for the permanent security of the Philippines. America will not only acknowledge our independence as soon as it is possible after the Japanese have been expelled from our soil but will provide, besides, protection for that independence.
When the Philippine Assembly in 1907 formulated the first official petition of the Filipino people that it be granted independence, it did so fully aware of the responsibilities which the new status would impose on us with respect to our security. The Jones Law of 1916 offered us independence as soon as we had organized a stable government, and we accepted it in spite of the fact that such a law did not contain any promise giving us the protection of America after the attainment of our political freedom. In 1934 the Filipino people had occasion in a plebiscite to accept or reject an independence law without adequate American guarantee for its maintenance. The people accepted the offer by an overwhelming majority. With America now offering us protection which assures the permanency of our independence, it would be inconceivable for any Filipino to vacillate.
The program of independence, initially written with the blood of the heroes and martyrs of our history, which took root in the days of the first Philippine Assembly in 1907, which acquired consistency throughout the long period of Filipino-American collaboration resulting in the approval of the Jones Law in 1916 and the establishment of the Commonwealth in 1935, is a program definitely accepted by the Filipino people. Those of us who are temporarily in charge of the affairs of state are mere trustees of the sacred ideal of our people. We have no right to turn back—we shall not turn back—cowed by imaginary dangers or swayed by the desire to lead a life of ease and plenty. We cannot sell our liberty for a mess of pottage.
When Andres Bonifacio and his men uttered their now historic First Cry of Balintawak, they were not held back by fear of the enemy, or by any love of earthly goods. When we took over the banner of liberty from those that fell in the night of our defeat, we asked only for freedom and for nothing more. When we were asked in 1934 if we preferred liberty to prosperity, our people answered overwhelmingly that they desired liberty above everything else. Now that the United States, in recognition of our role in this war, has declared itself our ally and, with liberty, offers us security, it is our duty and our choice to accept.
So I say to every Filipino and to all other elements in our state, that the die is cast. Our course is straight and inflexible. We are going forward to the achievement of our national aspiration.
Gentlemen of the Congress: You are gathered today under the most trying circumstances. There are many serious problems ahead of us. But we who have so long and ardently clamored for self-government must prove to the world that we are equal to the most exacting tasks of public administration. That great and distinguished friend of the Filipino people, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, once said that they are only fit to live who are not afraid to die. Our people have shown on the battlefield that they are not afraid to die.
But the tasks of peace are at times more exacting than those of war. We are administering the affairs of eighteen million people just delivered from three long years of enslavement. To them we owe justice, order and the means to live in contentment and happiness. I am aware that our means at the moment are inadequate. We are not able to provide our people with as much as they deserve. But we shall not falter in the line of duty.
Let us get together in one mighty effort. Let us set aside selfish considerations and forget petty differences. Only in unity can there be strength. To the experienced, I turn for advice. From the youth of the land, I ask for its enthusiasm and energies. My faith in our people is unbounded. Over the ruins of our cities and barrios we shall build anew. In this most crucial hour of our history, I look forward to our destiny unafraid, confident that, God willing, ours will be a happy, progressive and prosperous land.
In closing, permit me to congratulate you most heartily for being the first elective Congress to meet in a country liberated from the enemy, although the Philippines is among the last to be free from enemy occupation and control.
I wish you all success in discharging the tremendous responsibility that is yours during the present emergency.
Source: Presidential Museum and Library
Osmeña, S. (1945). Message of Sergio Osmeña President of the Philippines to the first congress of the Philippines convened in the special session, June 9, 1945. Manila : Bureau of Printing.


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As both a weekly strip and a periodical, Chris Ware's ACME Novelty Library presents a world devoid of excessive optimism (to put it mildly) by combining iconic drawings, dizzyingly intricate layouts, and a pastiche of past styles carried off with the skill of a master forger. Ware first drew attention with a strip he created while attending college at the University Of Texas in Austin, Floyd Farland, which was nationally distributed in comic-book form during the black-and-white comics boom of the mid- and late '80s. Ware resurfaced again in the early '90s as a contributor to Art Spiegelman's influential comics anthology Raw, at around the same time he moved to Chicago to attend graduate school at the Chicago Art Institute. ACME Novelty Library was launched in 1993, and with it a cast of hapless characters including Quimby The Mouse and Jimmy Corrigan, The Smartest Kid On Earth, whose glorified moniker does little to mask his status as a worst-case-scenario everyman. The issues also featured detailed, retro-styled paper models and advertisements for items such as irony. ("Strange way of seeing the world which is completely alien to animals, insects, and all other forms of life.") Last year, Ware released Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid On Earth, a novel-length Corrigan story that helped cast his talent in new light. Gathered together, the multigenerational saga—inspired in part by Ware's own relationship with the father he first met in his late 20s—revealed a writer adept at handling grand themes of history, family, and thwarted hopes. Since then, Ware has moved on to, among other endeavors, the story of collector Rusty Brown. Via e-mail, his preferred interview method, Ware recently spoke to The Onion A.V. Club.
The Onion: You received a lot more press for the Jimmy Corrigan book than for anything else you've done. How was that experience?
Chris Ware: I guess mostly it just confirms that there really are people I don't know reading my stuff. Mostly, I try not to think about such things, as it's rather paralyzing. I prefer to imagine that my wife, a few friends, and occasionally my mom are the only ones who read what I do, though I realize that this is somewhat unrealistic.
O: What do you think is the most common misconception about your work?
CW: I guess I've read once or twice that people think I'm "trying to bum them out," which certainly isn't the case. I'm only trying to present as honest a portrayal of the grimness of human ambition as I can. I'd hope it's rather uplifting, actually, since I find the sort of blind optimism and empty laughter of a great deal of "contemporary culture" to be more depressing than something that admits to a potential for disappointment and a gnawing sense of existential mockery. I don't trust art that promises a 24-hour joyride. In fact, there seems to be a modern sense of entitlement for such constant "ups," which is a repugnant attitude any way one chooses to look at it. I definitely believe in the possibility of happiness, though; it's just something that I think, rightfully, is rare in its genuine form, and that it can't be counterfeited.
O: You first surfaced nationally with Floyd Farland in 1987. When you reappeared in Raw in the '90s, your style was completely reworked and much closer to what you do now. What happened in the meantime?
CW: I will send a letter of thanks and a drawing to anyone who mails me their copy of the aforementioned "early work," as I'd like to eradicate any trace of its ever existing, if possible. Anyway, during my Austin years, I was drawing a regular strip for the University Of Texas newspaper, going to school, delivering blood, and trying to change my approach and "style" as much as I could, since I knew that I'd calcify as I got older. Sometimes I'd improvise a story directly in ink, other times I'd carefully plan, script, and pencil. Just yesterday, I cleaned out my closet of a bunch of this juvenilia, willing it to the City Of Chicago Waste Management Department. It was a thoroughly humbling experience.
O: You were in college from 1985 to '93. Why so long?
CW: The "second half" of the years you mention was taken up by graduate school, which I didn't, embarrassingly enough, finish.
O: How was the transition from Texas to Chicago?
CW: Fairly pleasant for the first two or three weeks, until I realized I'd made a terrible personal mistake by leaving behind a very nice and much-too-tolerant woman, who then, wisely, saw how much better things were without me around.
O: How much did that move affect your shift in style?
CW: I seem to have a limitless capacity for self-pity, so I began, naturally, to do stories about how lonely I felt, which became the beginnings of the Jimmy Corrigan story.
O: How long does a single strip of ACME Novelty Library take to create?
CW: The weekly strip, which is generally two pages of story stacked on top of each other, takes about 20 hours to write (draw), between eight and ten to ink, and about four to color. I work on it from Monday through Thursday, and the strip, once finished, takes about 12 seconds to read. I guess that's about an hour and a half of work per second of reading time, and the story, being broken up into such small pieces over many weeks, is likely impossible to follow as a result. I've heard comments that lead me to believe that readers may think I'm being deliberately obtuse, or "haiku-like," when actually I'm simply working ridiculously slowly. Lately, I can't shake the feeling that I've been living a dream for the last 10 years or so; I can't account for most of my 20s, and I have to continually remind myself that certain people are dead now and many of my friends have children. I think this is one of the (many) reasons Charles Schulz warned that "cartooning will destroy you; it will break your heart."
O: Your style is, obviously, influenced by old magazines and old comics. How many of these did you encounter as a kid, and how much did you research as an adult?
CW: Mostly, I was only interested in television as a kid, and the majority of reading material I collected was an adjunct to that central concern, comic books and magazines included. Since 1985, though, I've given up that youthful diversion. I like the implicit respect and dignity that older periodicals, writing, and art seem to extend to the reader/viewer, rather than the "erotic challenge" that modern culture offers, as if it's an exclusive dance club to which only a few attractive people are admitted.
O: You also publish The Ragtime Ephemeralist. Did your interest in turn-of-the-century culture arise out of your affection for ragtime, or was it the other way around?
CW: Probably the former. I know very little about actual "history"; I find that I can't keep general facts about disagreements between nations straight, as it all seems too abstract to me. For some reason, though, I can remember useless flummery about the banjoists and composers of the turn of the century, and my idea of a good time is reading old copies of S.S. Stewart's Banjo And Guitar Journal after I'm done working. It's sort of fascinating how focused and myopic that culture was—a trait, I suppose, I'm exhibiting, as well.
O: As someone deeply immersed in the culture of the past, do you feel alienated from contemporary culture? If so, does your alienation stem from your immersion in the past, or is it the other way around?
CW: I don't know if I'm alienated, really, or even immersed. It's all nonsense, anyway—new or old—just stuff to amuse us while time passes, to "pretty things up," or to lend a dead sympathetic ear here and there. Sometimes I really wonder about the efficacy of any art at all, but that's probably because we live such privileged, genuinely rich lives as Americans. If I were imprisoned for any amount of time, I'm sure it would all become much clearer. The thing I don't understand is why so often one hears discussion of the fruits of human labor as if it's all the creation of some alien race. I grind my teeth flat when I hear someone on the radio hypothesizing about the stock market as if it were some lumbering animal with its own will. It's just an outgrowth of the unsightly, spiteful desires endemic to us all, and nothing more. It didn't just spring out of nowhere. Same thing with the "adult" view of adolescence: Researchers try to "establish a dialogue" to "understand teenage frustrations," but don't these researchers remember that they were teenagers, too? I'm likely just missing something fundamental about it all, though. I certainly don't have any answers.
O: As a somewhat famously shy person, is it difficult to answer questions about the relationship of your personal life to your work?
CW: I guess I just don't like being physically in front of people I don't know very well, because I expect to be "seen through," or, even worse, instantly hated. Luckily, though, my wife is very encouraging.
O: Do you read reviews of your work? If so, do they influence you?
CW: I seem to really only remember the mean stuff, and it can stay with me for years, I suppose because I was used to being disliked as a kid. Not that I didn't deserve it: I was a pretty sad and unappealing creature, and still am, I guess. It's sort of simplistic to think that one tries to make stuff that accounts for one's repulsiveness as a person, but there's some truth to it. So, when I read something unfavorable, I always take it deeply personally. It's as if my efforts have been in vain, and I should just quit.
O: What kind of letters do you receive from readers?
CW: Generally favorable, though I haven't been able to answer any in a while, about which I feel terrible. I don't really get too many "weird" letters, though lately I seem to have received a number in which my stuff plays only a peripheral role: requests for artwork from indifferent girls for their boyfriends' birthdays, and one from someone who thought I might have served in Vietnam with him.
O: Has Jimmy Corrigan been retired?
CW: Yes.
O: If Jimmy Corrigan's origins are autobiographical, what are the origins of Rusty Brown?
CW: Also autobiographical, if not more so.
O: You collect all manner of things. If you were forced to give up every item in your collection except for three, what would you choose?
CW: Probably my grandmother's daily diaries, family pictures, and our cats.
O: What do you keep near you at your workspace?
CW: An electric pencil sharpener. It's the most labor-relieving thing I own. Also, the phone, a dictionary, and a banjo.
O: Do you listen to music as you work?
CW: I can't listen to music when I'm writing or drawing, as I find that it influences my perception of what I'm doing. But, when I'm inking, I listen to books on tape or music, or I talk on the phone. Come to think of it, if I ever was imprisoned, I guess I wouldn't be too bad off, since I seem to be practicing up pretty effectively.
O: Do you get along well with other comic artists?
CW: It depends about whom you're speaking. There seem to be a few I've never met who don't like me at all, calling me all manner of names, yet I have no idea what I've done to them. I find it deeply upsetting, actually, and sometimes even start letters to them, since it makes my legs feel weak and my chest hurt to think of people whom I've never met out there, hating me. It reminds me of walking down the school hallway and hoping that I won't be yelled at or jumped on by the "big kids." I thought I'd be over all that by now, but I guess I'm not. I don't think there's any independent cartoonist whose stuff I don't like or respect in at least some way or another. We're all marginal laborers—we're practically medical oddities—so I don't see why we can't all be nice to each other.
O: You've been extremely selective in choosing projects outside of the ACME Novelty Library. What are your criteria for outside work?
CW: Mostly, I try to do stuff for "concerns" in which I'm interested, like good music or books, though of course the money for such things is quite small. Fortunately, I'm able to make a living from comics, so I'm privileged enough to be quite choosy, though most cartoonists can't afford to be. It's really an uncomfortable situation, since I'm not an illustrator, though I do get calls from morally indefensible businesses offering me money to decorate their ambitions. It's extremely rare, almost unheard of, in fact, that I am asked to do a comic strip. Do writers get calls to pen Toyota advertisements? Do composers get asked to write chamber pieces about exercise machines?
O: Jimmy Corrigan: The Smartest Kid On Earth was published almost simultaneously with Daniel Clowes' David Boring. Both received a good deal of attention in outlets that don't normally cover comics. Do you feel that comics have come to be taken more seriously, or are moments of acclaim like that still aberrations?
CW: Most likely, I'm sad to think, it's the latter. I thought that the one big hurdle for comics was getting out of the embarrassing arena of the comic-book shop—which is really just one step away from a pornographic bookstore to a lot of people. But I didn't realize that all the junk that companies like DC and Marvel have been selling under the rubric of "graphic novels" has created a new shelf in bookstores, and that's where our stuff ends up: torn and soiled, next to Batman: Firestorm At Midnight. Recently, I was in Barnes & Noble here in Chicago, and found a copy of my book in the role-playing-games section. I had to choke back a sob. It's a reminder of how little respect this sort of endeavor garners.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
One of the lasting images from last year's playoffs was New Orleans Saints running back Pierre Thomas getting knocked out by San Francisco 49ers safety Donte Whitner in the divisional round. That was just one of several big hits from the 49ers during their win over the Saints.
"Those guys do come downhill and they try to knock you out, and anytime you do that, if you miss, there's going to be consequences," White told USA Today this week. "It's going to lead to explosive gains on offense. We're looking forward to that.
"We've got big strong guys who are used to contact after catching and used to getting after people. As long as we can catch the ball and get our pads turned downfield, we'll break tackles."
The Falcons hope to use the 49ers aggressiveness against them during Sunday's NFC Championship Game.
"We have extremely talented wide receivers and tight ends, guys who can go up and win one-on-one matchups," quarterback Matt Ryan said. "Regardless of who we're going against, we feel like we have to take those chances.
"Our guys have done a great job all year, when I've given them a shot, they've gone up and made a lot of plays for us."
If that's the plan, the Falcons better be ready to capitalize when an opportunity presents itself because the 49ers and their second-ranked defense don't allow many. White, Julio Jones and Tony Gonzalezhave to win their individual matchups for the Falcons to have a chance.


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CHAPTER 53--Jacob's Sons again go to Egypt for Bread. Benjamin is presented before Joseph. Joseph's Cup. Joseph's conduct towards Benjamin by which he makes himself known to him. Resolves to prove his Brethren by taking away Benjamin from them, and puts his Cup in Benjamin's sack of corn and sends them Home to their Father. An Officer is sent after them who accuses them of purloining his Master's Cup. Brings them back to Joseph. Benjamin is taken from them by force, and they are told to go on their way.
1 And the sons of Jacob rose up and took Benjamin and the whole of the presents, and they went and came to Egypt and they stood before Joseph.
2 And Joseph beheld his brother Benjamin with them and he saluted them, and these men came to Joseph's house.
3 And Joseph commanded the superintendent of his house to give to his brethren to eat, and he did so unto them.
4 And at noon time Joseph sent for the men to come before him with Benjamin, and the men told the superintendent of Joseph's house concerning the silver that was returned in their sacks, and he said unto them, It will be well with you, fear not, and he brought their brother Simeon unto them.
5 And Simeon said unto his brethren, The lord of the Egyptians has acted very kindly unto me, he did not keep me bound, as you saw with your eyes, for when you went out from the city he let me free and dealt kindly with me in his house.
6 And Judah took Benjamin by the hand, and they came before Joseph, and they bowed down to him to the ground.
7 And the men gave the present unto Joseph and they all sat before him, and Joseph said unto them, Is it well with you, is it well with your children, is it well with your aged father? and they said, It is well, and Judah took the record which Jacob had sent and gave it into the hand of Joseph.
8 And Joseph read the letter and knew his father's writing, and he wished to weep and he went into an inner room and he wept a great weeping; and he went out.
9 And he lifted up his eyes and beheld his brother Benjamin, and he said, Is this your brother of whom you spoke unto me? And Benjamin approached Joseph, and Joseph placed his hand upon his head and he said unto him, May God be gracious unto thee my son.
10 And when Joseph saw his brother, the son of his mother, he again wished to weep, and he entered the chamber, and he wept there, and he washed his face, and went out and refrained from weeping, and he said, Prepare food.
11 And Joseph had a cup from which he drank, and it was of silver beautifully inlaid with onyx stones and bdellium, and Joseph struck the cup in the sight of his brethren whilst they were sitting to eat with him.
12 And Joseph said unto the men, I know by this cup that Reuben the first born, Simeon and Levi and Judah, Issachar and Zebulun are children from one mother, seat yourselves to eat according to your births.
13 And he also placed the others according to their births, and he said, I know that this your youngest brother has no brother, and I, like him, have no brother, he shall therefore sit down to eat with me.
14 And Benjamin went up before Joseph and sat upon the throne, and the men beheld the acts of Joseph, and they were astonished at them; and the men ate and drank at that time with Joseph, and he then gave presents unto them, and Joseph gave one gift unto Benjamin, and Manasseh and Ephraim saw the acts of their father, and they also gave presents unto him, and Osnath gave him one present, and they were five presents in the hand of Benjamin.
15 And Joseph brought them out wine to drink, and they would not drink, and they said, From the day on which Joseph was lost we have not drunk wine, nor eaten any delicacies.
16 And Joseph swore unto them, and he pressed them hard, and they drank plentifully with him on that day, and Joseph afterward turned to his brother Benjamin to speak with him, and Benjamin was still sitting upon the throne before Joseph.
17 And Joseph said unto him, Hast thou begotten any children? and he said, Thy servant has ten sons, and these are their names, Bela, Becher, Ashbal, Gera, Naaman, Achi, Rosh, Mupim, Chupim, and Ord, and I called their names after my brother whom I have not seen.
18 And he ordered them to bring before him his map of the stars, whereby Joseph knew all the times, and Joseph said unto Benjamin, I have heard that the Hebrews are acquainted with all wisdom, dost thou know anything of this?
19 And Benjamin said, Thy servant is knowing also in all the wisdom which my father taught me, and Joseph said unto Benjamin, Look now at this instrument and understand where thy brother Joseph is in Egypt, who you said went down to Egypt.
20 And Benjamin beheld that instrument with the map of the stars of heaven, and he was wise and looked therein to know where his brother was, and Benjamin divided the whole land of Egypt into four divisions, and he found that he who was sitting upon the throne before him was his brother Joseph, and Benjamin wondered greatly, and when Joseph saw that his brother Benjamin was so much astonished, he said unto Benjamin, What hast thou seen, and why art thou astonished?
21 And Benjamin said unto Joseph, I can see by this that Joseph my brother sitteth here with me upon the throne, and Joseph said unto him, I am Joseph thy brother, reveal not this thing unto thy brethren; behold I will send thee with them when they go away, and I will command them to be brought back again into the city, and I will take thee away from them.
22 And if they dare their lives and fight for thee, then shall I know that they have repented of what they did unto me, and I will make myself known to them, and if they forsake thee when I take thee, then shalt thou remain with me, and I will wrangle with them, and they shall go away, and I will not become known to them.
23 At that time Joseph commanded his officer to fill their sacks with food, and to put each man's money into his sack, and to put the cup in the sack of Benjamin, and to give them provision for the road, and they did so unto them.
24 And on the next day the men rose up early in the morning, and they loaded their asses with their corn, and they went forth with Benjamin, and they went to the land of Canaan with their brother Benjamin.
25 They had not gone far from Egypt when Joseph commanded him that was set over his house, saying, Rise, pursue these men before they get too far from Egypt, and say unto them, Why have you stolen my master's cup?
26 And Joseph's officer rose up and he reached them, and he spoke unto them all the words of Joseph; and when they heard this thing they became exceedingly wroth, and they said, He with whom thy master's cup shall be found shall die, and we will also become slaves.
27 And they hastened and each man brought down his sack from his ass, and they looked in their bags and the cup was found in Benjamin's bag, and they all tore their garments and they returned to the city, and they smote Benjamin in the road, continually smiting him until he came into the city, and they stood before Joseph.
28 And Judah's anger was kindled, and he said, This man has only brought me back to destroy Egypt this day.
29 And the men came to Joseph's house, and they found Joseph sitting upon his throne, and all the mighty men standing at his right and left.
30 And Joseph said unto them, What is this act that you have done, that you took away my silver cup and went away? but I know that you took my cup in order to know thereby in what part of the land your brother was.
31 And Judah said, What shall we say to our lord, what shall we speak and how shall we justify ourselves, God has this day found the iniquity of all thy servants, therefore has he done this thing to us this day.
32 And Joseph rose up and caught hold of Benjamin and took him from his brethren with violence, and he came to the house and locked the door at them, and Joseph commanded him that was set over his house that he should say unto them, Thus saith the king, Go in peace to your father, behold I have taken the man in whose hand my cup was found.
[Book of Jasher Referred to in Joshua and Second Samuel. faithfully translated (1840) from the Original Hebrew into English. A Reprint of Photo Lithographic Reprint of Exact Edition Published by J.H. Parry & Co., Salt Lake City: 1887]
(c)Copyright 1997 by Wayne Simpson
Distributed by Biblical Research Foundation, 629 Lexington Road Sapulpa, OK 74066
Reproduction and distribution are permissible provided this copyright notice remains intact on all copies.


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This guy now occupies a magical place in American politics, not unlike the niche Joe Biden occupies although different in a crucial respect. Both get the media's Democratic discount from bad coverage whenever they say something stupid and/or offensive, and both also get a discount from the sheer volume of stupidity/offensiveness that pours forth. ("Just Joe being Joe.") The difference is that Reid's worst soundbites are demagogic by design whereas Biden's are more oafish. This is the sort of thing that would warrant a 35-minute block on "Hardball" about McCarthyism had a Republican said it of Democrats; as it is, it'll float by with some vapid comment attached about how Reid's just an old boxer who enjoys a street fight now and then.
And the worst part isn't the demagoguery. The worst part is that he's willfully stupid about Russian intentions during an ostensibly serious debate about how to deter Russia.
Outlining the Senate's agenda after a one-week recess, the Nevada Democrat said the first item would be the Ukraine bill that Republicans blocked just before lawmakers went on break. He urged Republicans to consider "how their obstruction affects United States' national security as well as the people of Ukraine" and said their delay of any congressional action "sent a dangerous message to Russian leaders."
"Since a few Republicans blocked these important sanctions last work period, Russian lawmakers voted to annex Crimea and Russian forces have taken over Ukrainian military bases," Reid said. "It's impossible to know whether events would have unfolded differently if the United States had responded to Russian aggression with a strong, unified voice."…
GOP Senate aides noted the House has passed different legislation, meaning the Senate bill could not have become law before recess anyhow. They blamed Reid and Democrats for blocking the Senate from taking up the House legislation.
In other words, having already seized Crimea at the cost of poisoning relations with the U.S. and EU, Putin might have belatedly abandoned the whole project last week if only the Senate's weak-ass sanctions bill had passed on time. Even though there was zero chance the bill could have become law before the recess regardless. Just an old boxer, misleading the public in the name of uppercutting his opponents in the groin for funsies.
Here he is on the Senate floor, with an assist from McCain, laying into Senate Republicans for blocking the sanctions bill last week in the name of strengthening IMF reforms that are attached to it. They're voting on cloture as I write this and have already cleared 60 votes. Presumably Putin will now gift Crimea back to Ukraine in terror. When you're done with this, go take David Freddoso's new quiz, "Whose Fault Is It?" Hint: There are no wrong answers!
Update (Ed): Hey, does anyone else remember Mr. Unity declaring the Iraq War lost in 2007? That's a few orders of magnitude worse than a delay of an aid package, no?


text: If you don't like the Nacra 17, or you can't stand how John Casey is always smiling, or if you think Sarah Newberry is just too adorable for you, you're gonna have a hard time reading the front page of Sailing Anarchy for the next 3 years. We're putting our Olympic medal money on them, and that means plenty of exposure right here. This sweet teaser from the Miami OCR comes from the editing desk of Petey Crawford/Penalty Box Productions, and he's doing some of the best video work of his life lately. Check out JC and Sarah's page here.


text:
There's an article in Tech.Mic, syndicated to the New Zealand Herald and probably other places, about sexism in Apple's workplace culture. Most of it sounds all too plausible :-(. I haven't seen many examples of this sort of behaviour at Mozilla or elsewhere, but I wouldn't expect to have since, very sadly, I haven't had many chances to work with women in the office.
One detail doesn't sound right, though:
"several people" who have quit, citing a "white, male, Christian, misogynist, sexist environment"Is Apple really a Christian environment? In my experience of the Silicon Valley technical workforce, Christians are extremely scarce and most of those keep quiet about it at work ... often for good reason. The environment is, in fact, fairly Christian-hostile. In social settings I have sometimes been in conversations where people started talking about what idiots those Christians are, assuming everyone present shares such views, and I'm sure there are more when I'm not around! I find it hard to believe Apple is different. (I know it's a cult, but not that kind of cult :-).)
I guess the quote probably meant "Christian" as some kind of general, malign force of culture and tradition, only loosely connected to actual Christians and Christianity. Regardless, it's frustrating to be saddled with.


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Brazil talisman Neymar feared he was paralysed shortly after the knee in the back that ended his World Cup.
Neymar was ruled out of the tournament on Friday when he was hit in the lower back during an aerial challenge with Colombia defender Juan Zuniga.
Scans revealed Neymar had fractured a vertebra following the collision, but the player initially believed the injury was much more serious when he lay prostrate on the pitch, according to Luiz Felipe Scolari.
"Marcelo ran up to Neymar (directly after the challenge) and asked him how he was feeling and he told him: 'I can't feel my legs.'," the Brazil coach was quoted as saying by Marca.
Luckily for Neymar, he will not suffer any such long-term effects.
"He does not have any neurological injury that would compromise his life as an athlete or a human being," Brazil's team doctor Jose Luiz Runco said. "He will be out for 40-45 days. Then he will be able to pass, to run."
Neymar thanked his team-mates for their support in an emotional video recorded at the team's training ground in Teresopolis on Saturday.
He was then flown to his home city of Guaruja, where he began his rehabilitation.
Scolari has asked the 22-year-old to make the short flight to Belo Horizonte to cheer Brazil on during Tuesday's semi-final against Germany though.
"He will be with us if he can, on the bench or in the stands," the former Chelsea manager said.
"We have already asked him to do this. It all will depend on how he is in the upcoming days. If he can do it, I am certain that he will."
The Brazil squad will fly to Belo Horizonte on Monday for the final stage of their semi-final preparation.
Scolari will have to find a replacement for Thiago Silva, who is unlikely to win an appeal against his second booking of the tournament against Colombia.
But the biggest task on his hands is filling the gap left by Neymar, who was Brazil's top scorer at the World Cup with four goals.
"It's equivalent to a catastrophe," the Brazil coach said of losing his star man.
"Neymar is a player that would make the difference in any team.
"We have lost the one player we did not want to lose, and it's for the semi-final and final."
The Brazilian federation (CBF) confirmed on Sunday that team psychologist Regina Brandao would visit Teresopolis.
Scolari found the ordeal of seeing his best player injured hard to take.
"It was a big shock," he said. "The image of Neymar being carried off a stretcher towards the plane, the difficulties, the tears..."
Scolari has several options to replace Neymar.
Paulinho or Fernandinho could be asked to play a more advanced role now that regular midfielder Luis Gustavo is back from suspension.
But the two biggest contenders to fill Neymar's position are Chelsea forward Willian or Shakhtar Donetsk's Bernard.
Neither player has started a match for Brazil during the World Cup, but Willian has come off the bench in all but one of the team's matches.
Bernard, a tricky, diminutive 21-year-old, has made two substitute appearances during the tournament.


text:
A Farewell to Ice
and possibly to common sense
At some point in the distant past I moved in quite close circles to Peter Wadhams. I'm not sure if we ever met, but I don't think so. But my impression is that he always had a reputation for being ever so slightly out on the fringe, which actually would probably have appealed to me. Although he has had a long and fruitful career, somehow he seems to lack a certain sense of gravitas. Of course you could also say that this is because unlike a lot of his peers, he's not a pretentious, self-important windbag. Nevertheless, his claims about a murder conspiracy directed at climate scientists a few years back were not only extremely far-fetched but also very hurtful to friends and relatives of the said scientists.
Wadhams also emphasises the importance of field data and actually understanding physical processes over modelling, a point that his critics in the denial looney corner conveniently overlook, but which I fully concur with. In fact my own skepticism about modelling as the solution to everything played a large part in my forced exit from the field, many years ago. It wasn't a good line to take when dealing with a boss who seemed to actually live in a computer simulation.
But back to "A Farewell to Ice". The big problem is that Wadhams cannot help himself from making dramatic predictions. Does it really matter if the North Pole is ice free next year or in ten years? Or even in a hundred years? The big fight now is countering the blatantly dishonest denial campaign, and its harnessing of an army of illiterate trolls and pseudo-scientists. Giving them a headline like "all ice will disappear next year - oh, and by "disappear" I mean only 1 million square km will remain - is a gift from the Gods. He may, god forbid, even be right, but it's neither here nor there. There is little point in writing a book like this and playing to the gallery. If it cannot even convince a mild skeptic, what is the point? Allowing it to be so easily dismissed as wild-eyed scaremongering is extremely careless, to put it mildly.
I'm also a little puzzled about the bibliography. If he believes that Seymour Laxon and Katharine Giles were so important, why does he not reference their research, in particular Laxon's exhaustive, diligent and controversy-avoiding work on refining techniques for determining sea ice freeboard (and hence the key thickness measurement) by satellite remote sensing? All I can recall is a dismissive, generic comment on missions such as Cryosat. Well, ok, maybe upward facing sonar from submarine is more accurate, but he's hardly going to generate much coverage that way.
So, "A Farewell to Ice" is a good, accessible book, and a worthwhile and recommended read. The science is extensive, fairly comprehensive and sound. But in failing to rein back on some of the more emotive aspects, it also ends up as a lost opportunity, and does little, for me, to dispel the vague feeling that maybe he is just slightly bonkers.


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Tournament Eligibility
The Academy Cup is open to all U9, U10, U11, and U12 academy teams registered and in good standing with Georgia Soccer.
Players and Teams
All teams and players must be registered with Georgia Soccer. A valid Georgia Soccer roster and player cards for each player, along with an official Tournament Roster, are required to participate. read more
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Osteoporosis is a disease that causes thinning of bones. Over time, this weakens the bones and can make them more likely to break. It can affect any bone, but the hip, spine, and wrist are most often involved. It's often called a "silent disease" because people can't feel their bones getting weaker.
Women are more likely than men to develop osteoporosis. This happens because of hormonal differences. Also men have larger, stronger bones than women. Men and women older than age 50 are at the greatest risk for osteoporosis. One in 2 women and 1 in 4 men in this age group will fracture a bone because of osteoporosis. Women who are non-Hispanic white or Asian are more likely to get osteoporosis than women who are Hispanic or African American. For men, osteoporosis is more common in non-Hispanic whites.
Other risk factors that may increase your chances for osteoporosis include:
Small bones
Lack of physical activity or exercise
Drinking too much alcohol
A diet low in calcium and vitamin D
A past break (fracture), especially after age 50
Being postmenopausal
Taking certain medicines, for instance long-term use of corticosteroids
Family history of osteoporosis
Other medical conditions, such as endocrine or hormonal diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, types of cancer, HIV/AODS, and anorexia nervosa
Many people don't know they have osteoporosis until they have advanced symptoms. These may include a broken hip or wrist, low back pain, or a hunched back.
If your healthcare provider thinks that you have osteoporosis, a simple, painless test to measure bone mineral density can confirm it. The test is called a bone density test.
If you're diagnosed with osteoporosis, a number of medicines are available to treat it. Talk with your healthcare provider about the type of treatment that's best for you.
To help prevent osteoporosis:
Talk with your healthcare provider about screening tests for osteoporosis.
Do regular weight-bearing exercise. This means activities that work your legs against gravity. The best exercises are walking, dancing, jogging, stair-climbing, playing racquet sports, and hiking. If you've been inactive, be sure to check with your healthcare provider before beginning any exercise.
Talk with your healthcare provider about your diet and whether or not you need to take a vitamin and mineral supplement.
Don't smoke. If you smoke, get help from your healthcare provider to quit.
Don't drink too much alcohol.
Francesca Torriani, MD
Medical Director, Infection Prevention and Clinical Epidemiology
UC San Diego | School of Medicine


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Catherine Grimme is a 23 year old American Actress. Her zodiac sign is Cancer.
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"Marriage Of Figaro" (season 1, episode 3; originally aired 8/2/2007)
In which Don and Betty throw a birthday party for Sally
(Available on Netflix.)
The task Mad Men set for itself from very early in its run was a tough one. Lacking the sorts of obvious external stakes that drive many of its cable drama cousins, the show was forced to figure out ways to portray interiority, the psychological makeup and emotional lives of its characters, without often resorting to them simply sitting down and telling us how they feel. It's for this reason that so many people I know have struggled with the show for several episodes—if not several seasons—until everything finally clicks in some episode and they realize the scope and ambition of what the show has pulled off. Mad Men is a show about things like anomie and emptiness, about boredom and frustration and intimacy. It's a show where the big moment can sometimes be something as simple as a beautiful woman sliding a handsome man's cufflink back to him when it drops from his wrist.
"The Marriage Of Figaro" has a very deliberate work/home split, following Don Draper in both environments and seeing how he fits (or doesn't fit) in either one. It's an episode that opens with a man on the train calling him by a different name—Richard Whitman—and it concludes with him bailing on his daughter's birthday party because he can't stand any longer to be within its confines. A lot of shows would have underlined both of these moments in red ink, would have had Don insist angrily that that wasn't his name or had him blow up at Betty about how bored he is by the whole bland suburban pageant. Everything is communicated visually—including a bunch of things the first-time viewer of this won't realize until the second or third time through the episode (about which more in a bit)—from the evident discomfort in Don's eyes when the man on the train talks to him to the way he drinks beer after beer after beer while assembling the playhouse he and Betty are giving Sally as a birthday present.
More than anything, Mad Men understands the importance of tiny gestures. It is a show predicated on the prickly closeness between Don and Rachel when she puts those cufflinks shaped like knights into his shirt sleeves and on the way that Don and Helen sort of lean into each other when they're watching the kids play at being adults in the playhouse. (The snatches of dialogue we hear from the children are depressingly familiar and make us think of the kinds of home lives they must come from.) But it's also a show predicated on the inability to find that closeness. Don tries to both be truthful with Rachel and seduce her, but she's not terribly interested in being the other woman. And later, while capturing home movies with his little camera at the party, he happens upon a very tender kiss that obviously wounds him on some level. He doesn't understand what it is to give that kiss, to be a part of that kind of intimacy. He is a mystery, even to those who know him best, and while he might prefer it that way, it's always going to keep people locked out.
Notice, for instance, how in that scene where Rachel takes Don on a tour of the store, she tells him so much about herself—about how her mother is dead, about how she has a poor relationship with her sister, about how her father and uncle built up the store from essentially nothing in the Depression—while he tells her nothing of himself. Every time there's an opportunity for him to say something meaningful about himself, he takes that impulse and directs it outward, either into easy flattery about Rachel's beauty or into more of an invitation to learn more about her life and what makes her tick. Rachel is letting Don into the antechambers of her inner self. He's not close enough to her to get to know the full person, but she's giving him a degree of intimacy that one would typically give to a prospective romantic partner in an attempt to portray oneself in the best possible light and draw another in. When it's his turn to play ball, Don simply swats the pitch away.
It's the same at home. Last week, we got a sense of how unhappy Betty is; this week, we get a much better sense as to why. Yes, we've known that Don is a philanderer, but we haven't known exactly how much Betty knows of that. What we get to see when he goes off to pick up the cake and doesn't come home until the party is long over (after he's slept off his drunkenness behind the wheel of his car) is one of the times that he completely lets Betty down. She's the envy of her friends when it comes to him, as he's so handsome and seemingly attentive, but deep down, he's incapable of really knowing what Betty needs or even being able to do anything about it. She can give him a direct request, and he'll avoid it in favor of doing what he wants to do. The downside of being married to someone who won't let you in is that what might seem thrilling in the early days of courtship—the way he wants you to tell him all about yourself—becomes maddening when you have to be trapped in the house with it.
Mad Men is interesting because it lets Don be both protagonist and villain in most episodes. When he goes off and ditches the party, we totally understand why he does it. Ed Bianchi's camera and Tom Palmer's script deliberately let us into his head as he sits at that party, the day stretching onward and Don just getting drunker, so we understand where his boredom stems from, as well as where his desire to get away from the people who are ostensibly his friends emerges from. Yeah, it's boring, but he's also surrounded by things like that kiss, which isolate him even further, for reasons we don't yet quite understand. But the episode also lets us feel Betty's anger at him, the way that her hands shake—perhaps with fury—when he's still not home long after night has fallen, and the quick irritation of Rachel with him when he kisses her then admits he's married. This is not a very good man, no, but he's an understandable man, and it's because the show so skillfully places us in his mindset that it works.
The curious thing about this episode is that it's pretty much all Don. Both the pilot and second episode had little storylines about some of the other characters—Peggy's first day at work, say, or Pete's uncertainty about his upcoming wedding—but this episode mostly eschews those other storylines in favor of spending more time with Don and his essential unhappiness. Both halves of the episode have something approaching a B-story, but neither is incredibly well developed. In the work half, Pete is back from his honeymoon, proclaiming platitudes about the wonders of marriage that could only be made by a newlywed man, and he's forced to navigate the troubled waters of what happened with Peggy before he married. In the home half, the storyline is less about any particular plot and more about what happens when Helen Bishop—played by Darby Stanchfield, now probably best known for her work on Scandal—comes to the birthday party, complete with present wrapped in Santa Claus paper and a way of immediately cutting through Carlton's offers to help out her boy adjust to not having a father around to reveal what's really going on.
It's the Helen material that's most interesting, I think, and it's one of the few places where I think the first season's insistence on pointing giant arrows at all of its "1960!!!!" elements really pays off. No one at that party has any fucking clue what to do about Helen Bishop, because they don't have the foggiest idea of how to contemplate what her life might be like. The idea that she goes walking for fun is played off by some of the other mothers as an opportunity to swing her hips around and draw in unsuspecting men, and there's a tacit assumption that both she and her kids are worse off for not having her husband around. In short, the suburban, well-off wives of 1960 have no idea what to make of a divorcee and single mother. The scene where the mothers stand around the kitchen talking with her about their honeymoons is notable both for suggesting Betty's life before Don—she went to Italy for a summer after graduating from Bryn Mawr—and for unpacking all of the ways that the women in that room are unable of thinking about Helen's life through any frame other than the prism of their own lives. This whole scene reminds me of an Alice Munro short story, with the little "unintended" slights that have deeper meanings and the ways that the women are all so comfortable in their own judgment of who Helen must be, while she glides along simply because she has to.
It's also telling, I think, that the one person at the party Don seems to form a connection with is Helen. We don't see much of the two of them talking—indeed, we see all of two lines—but by the time that Betty has to go out and interrupt them to remind Don to go get the cake, it's evident that there's some sort of rapport between them. Don, on some level, can relate to people who are isolated, because we've already seen how much time he spends isolating himself. Thus, Helen Bishop is a natural ally for him in the weird world of the children's birthday party, where he's meant to be number one husband and super-dad but mostly just wants to spend his time getting wasted and watching the world pass by. He's a man who has everything and seems to be willing life to slip by a little more quickly.
The Pete material is fine, insofar as it mostly has to exist to remind us that he's a character who exists and that he wants Don to like him while Don wants nothing of the sort, but it feels like it's running counter to everything else in the episode. It makes absolute sense that a show in its third episode featuring an important character who sat out the second would want to remind us of who he is and his connection with Peggy at some length in this episode, but it still feels a little stuck in neutral, where the Don and Helen stories are both quite nuanced. What is interesting is that Pete is the only one in the office who seems to appreciate that famous Volkswagen "Lemon" ad, the only person who can see that it's not just a waste of money on the part of the car company but is, instead, an attention-getting piece of work that could see major benefits for the agency that put it together and the car company that commissioned it (as it ultimately did). It's a sly way of the series acknowledging that it takes place in an era where most of us already know how the major stories will end. Sterling Cooper may be a successful ad agency, but it's not a very creative one, even in the terms of the time.
It's in that willingness to take the side of those who are about to be swept away by massive change that Mad Men makes its boldest stroke. It's easy to miss, but in the scene where the women are gossiping about Helen, there's mention made of how she drives a Volkswagen, and that, ultimately, is what ties Pete into everything else here. Both Helen and that "Lemon" ad are the disruptive elements that the characters can't quite parse, the things they can't even open their minds enough to understand, no matter how much the audience at home knows that both are emblematic of what's to come. The characters on the show are marked by a kind of reluctance to abandon their status quo, even when it's making them desperately unhappy, because anything outside the status quo is frowned upon. And yet there's Don, who can stare at that "Lemon" ad for quite some time on the train and offer it the backhanded compliment of saying that it got everyone in the office talking more than they did about their own work, who can also bond with the divorcee in his own way. He may be a man who wreaks emotional havoc everywhere he goes, no matter if he's starting a relationship or already in one, but something about his reluctance to let people under his skin makes him better able to contemplate other viewpoints. He's an odd one, but he's also a great window into a world that's about to change drastically.
Stray observations:
- The titular opera pops up on the radio when Don switches it over from the news at the party. One of the main characters in the opera is also a formerly idealistic youth who's degenerated into a skirt chaser as he's gotten older. Sounds familiar.
- We don't just get our first look at Helen in this episode, but we also get our first look at her son, Glen, who, himself, is played by Matthew Weiner's son. Both he and his mom will be hanging around a bit.
- The dog that Don brings home from his train tracks nap is such a perfect Don thing to do. He disappoints everybody, but he also saves the day with the people who count. It's shockingly similar to the whole Lucky Strike plotline in the pilot.
- Joan and some of the other women in the office talk about Lady Chatterly's Lover primarily as a piece of highbrow smut where the pages just fall open to the sexy parts. Peggy wants to read it, and while Joan is at least somewhat adamant that she not do so, I suspect she'll get more out of it in the end. (And, actually, I suspect Joan got more out of it than she lets on. But she's not a terribly well developed character at this point, and even Matthew Weiner says that it took him a while to find her voice.)
- I love the scene where Harry and Pete talk about how all of their sexual desires are sated by their wives in tones that suggest they doth protest too much. Also notable for Harry making the suggestion Don could be Batman, which bears fruit in season six when it is revealed he is Batman. Spoilers.
- Hey, it's 1960! update: One of the party guests slaps a child who is not his own for running in the house and spilling a drink. This has always struck me as one of the more egregious examples of this particularly phenomenon, because it has basically nothing to do with anything.
- The look of smug self-satisfaction on Don's face in the very last scene is pretty much the most Don look ever. It is not a spoiler to say you will see that again.
Spoiling Cooper (Do not read if you haven't seen beyond these episodes):
- I was struck by how much Dick Whitman must have keyed into Rachel talking about how she didn't have a mother and how she was a very lonely child. Though Don has obviously been attracted to her before, that's the moment when he decides to kiss her, and it seems it may be because Dick is pulling the strings.
- Speaking of which, this is the first mention we get of Mr. Whitman, who will be immensely important to the series going forward.
- So will Glen, who is introduced here with one line (I think) and will spend most of this season crushing on Betty before moving onto a weird friendship with Sally in the seasons to come.
Next week: The story zeroes in on Pete Campbell as he takes a visit to "New Amsterdam." (And, yes, we will publish one of these the day before Thanksgiving. Come for the review; stay for my explanation of why I will probably always like this show more than Breaking Bad, even if the finale features a King Kong-sized Don singlehandedly winning the Vietnam War like he's Dr. Manhattan.)


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Above: Smallville Returns | Superman Mini-Series.
About Superman
Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, high school students living in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1933. They sold Superman to Detective Comics, the future DC Comics, in 1938. Superman debuted in Action Comics #1 (cover dated June 1938) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. With this success, Superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the American comic book. Superman is also referred to by such epithets as the Man of Steel, the Man of Tomorrow, and The Last Son of Krypton.