text:
There are 3 key reasons why the cabal masquerading as government can lawfully maintain their control:
Your Incompetence,
Their Breach of Trust
i.e. the FOREIGN SITUS TRUST (birth certificate TITLE "created by State") Formed by legalisation when an artificial NAME is Registered in the Law of the Sea. Trust splits your Estate (all property) into a "Legal Title" (right of possession) for the State, and an "Equitable Title" (right of use) for you.
as opposed to
SOVEREIGN TRUST (Live Birth Record "Created by Life") Created by the parent(s) of a living soul when a "Given Name" is gifted in the Law of the Land.
At the age 18 you can claim the Legal Title over your Estate (all property) by filing your Affidavit of Ownership and Moving Titles in Trusts; Claiming and Moving Trusts as a Remedy; Functioning As Commerce.
Implied Consent to their Authority, by all the other 'citizens' of government.
The people's relationship to government the world over is greatly misunderstood. Most people think we are the servants of government, that they are at the top and we are at the bottom. But Government is now, and has always been, a Trust Relationship, with the people over the government. Trust Relationships are managed under Equity Law, the Law of the Sea, and Chancery. From the Editor: Trusts Explained
While there have been many claiming these laws are 'bogus' and irrelevant, this is not taking into consideration the whole truth, which I will attempt to briefly explain. The basis to our legal/lawful system is Natural Law, and free will consent. So long as consent is given, it is in accord with Natural Law, the 'rules that are made' once consent is given (legal codes and statutes) is where most of the erroneousness is contained. Natural Law is consent, man's laws are the rules created, once consent is given, or implied.
Law of Free Will:
A trust agreement, or contract seems like some invention of modern society, but it is actually a principle of the natural world and has always existed. When two or more free will beings want to interact, they do so using agreements, and if we analyze life itself, we can see that at every level of interaction, there is always consent operating. Free will, in this sense, is ALWAYS honored, but since someone may not understand what they are consenting to (due to lack of knowledge), they may agree to something in the past, which is later discovered to be dishonorable.. The point is, all power and authority is actually an agreement between the people to be governed. Hence all governments, whether a Monarchy, Democracy or Republic is a trust agreement, an Corporation (Corporeal Oration - to make real through speaking, agreement).
This aspect of reality is understood deeply by our would-be masters, and they know that any power one person has over another is illusory. Someone can claim to be your master, but usually needs to use coercion, threats of violence, in order to compel your consent; fines, imprisonment, sanctions etc. This is a crucial point to understand, and while many people would like to believe we are totally victimized by the cabal, the truth is, our own incompetence and lack of action, gives them our consent. More on this later.
Lastly, The Creator of the universe needs to be taken into consideration. For some this may seem like it only applies to believers in "The Creator," but our would-be masters acknowledge the existence of a creator (albeit a distorted and fallacious concept of one), and in all honesty, so must we if we want to understand our true place as creditors and grantors of the estate; our freedom of mind, body and soul. These essential ideas must be accepted (at least on the surface) in order for us to understand how the systems on earth work.
Related Why You NEED To Understand the Occult | De-Mystifying the Occult Seminar - The Nature of Sacred Symbolism and Hidden Knowledge by Mark Passio
The Creator Creature Trust and Estate
The narrative can be summed up as follows: The Creator is within each being in the universe, from small to large, and when free will acts, it is literally an aspect of the creator in operation. The powers that should not be known this deeply, and this can be seen by reviewing the Papal bulls of the Vatican. When the creator 'sent us forth into the creation to move, breathe and have our being' we agreed to do the 'working of god' and honor 'his will.' We were entrusted with a mind, body and soul to do this, creating our 'temple within' and help create a harmonious paradise on earth.
The powers that be know this, and have described it within their own writings. The covenants of God, within most abrahamic religions, are an example of this. Papal Bulls assert the Vatican and it's trustees as the trusted consorts to god, stating until God or the people do otherwise, their rule is divinely ordained; until we dispel their presumption of god given authority. They say: until we 'come of age' and realize our purpose, those who have 'come of age' are entrusted to share their knowledge and educate us so we can do the great work. If we refuse to do the work, and fall into sin (ignorance of our original trust with god to do his will) a trusted consort to god must come in and manage us till we see the light; the Vatican and it's agents in this case. Because each person is a powerful embodiment of the creator, if we use our powers unwisely, we can create much chaos in the world. Until we come of age, and begin using our will to create harmony we must be managed like animals and spiritually dead things. While this is a sobering perspective to contemplate, it is in harmony with Natural Law, but the Vatican fails to do what god commands them to do (educate and uplift humanity) and this is a crucial point we will address later.
We need only look out into the world to see how this narrative reflects reality. Our world is being destroyed by war, environmental pollution and manipulation via deception of the people. Our world is run like a pirate planet.
Where things go horribly wrong is that our 'consorts to god' our would-be masters, are in Breach of Trust with god. They are morally obligated to share the truth and uplift us so we can become competent. More on this later.
How Did We Give Consent? Trust Agreements
Trust Agreements (contracts) are very simple. When you want to ensure something you own or manage is taken care of, while you are away - an estate, you can create an agreement (trust) with a friend who can manage it for you. You set the rules for management that your friend must follow in order for them to honor your agreement. This presumes: your competence to manage the estate, that you own the estate and that the person you entrust to it will relinquish it back to you upon your return. The person you entrust with your estate is the trustee, you are the grantor, and in this case, the administrator because you set the rules for how the trust is to be managed. Finally, you are also the beneficiary, because you benefit from your estate being managed while you're away. This is the standard form trusts take the world over under many names, with three roles: Grantor/Administrator, Trustee and Beneficiary. See: You Can Create Your Own Trust Agreements
Your Incompetence:
If you die, are lost at sea, or 'go crazy' (becoming incompetent), the trustee can claim as such, and gain complete control over your estate. Unless you present yourself, so as to dispel the presumption of your death or incompetence, the trustee stays in control. From the Editor, See: Affidavit of Ownership ...Their claim of incompetence or death becomes a cured fact in Equity Law. The key concept being, ACTION MUST BE TAKEN BY YOU, in order to dispel the presumption, and regain control over the entrusted estate; in this case government. You must be present, which indicates you have come of age, and are able to use the estate entrusted to you by god; your body, mind and soul - and what you do with these things.
Breach of Trust:
If the trustee does not honor the rules you set up, they are in BREACH OF TRUST. In order to reclaim the trust, you must notify them of their failure to honor the trust agreement (filing a UCC -1 Financing Statement is one method). If you fail to do this, you are negligent, and by definition incompetent. Clearly, if you can not recognize that the person you entrusted to managed your estate is breaking your rules, then you must not be competent. As a result, the trustee can maintain control, even if you are alive and not lost at sea.
Implied Consent of all the other 'citizens' of government:
This is the crucial point most people miss. The government is the trustee of the people, they have to do what the people say, or more accurately, if they CLAIM that the people want something, and the people do not say otherwise, now the government has a MANDATE issued by the people, as a result of their silence by consent. In other words, if the government claims that the people want to be enslaved, and the people do not say otherwise, they agree by their inaction. This is known as implied or tacit consent.
The "cabal', the contrived schemes of a group of persons secretly united in a plot (as to overturn a government), controlled government, the trustee, declared all of it's citizens as incompetent, and enemies of the state ("Trading With The Enemy Act" (Sixty Fifth Congress, Sess. I, Chs. 105, 106, October 6, 1917), and as codified at 12 U.S.C.A. 95a.). This claim, under Equity Law, became a cured fact when NO ONE TOOK ACTION to notify the trustee's of their Breach of Trust.
As a result, the government now has a mandate, procured from the people themselves, to manage the people as incompetent slaves. Literally, we gave them permission to do everything that has been happening on earth. Granted we were unaware due to pervasive deception on the part of the trustee's, but our inability to see the fraud, proves their case of our incompetence.
The solution to this is simple, yet long of action. Before we can solve the problem, we must gain knowledge of what it is, how the trust relationship was set up, and where things went wrong.
This is what happened:
When you were born, your parents declared you incompetent, and created an estate with the corporate government to manage your affairs for you, until you come of age; become competent. This declaration is accurate. Until you understand how the world works, what Equity Law is, and what your true status as a Grantor and Administrator are, you are not competent. Given most people have no idea about any of this, their claim is accurate in the aggregate.
See: Birth Certificate, Created by State, Created by Live Birth.pdf
Birth Certificate TITLE Created by the State -- In plain English.
If the government was honorable, it would disclose all of this to you during the course of your life and eventually you would take control of your estate. But the trustees are not honorable, and instead they do everything they can to keep you ignorant, offering all sorts of distractions to maintain your status of incompetency. By the time you do come of age, you're more interested in distractions then you are in managing your estate (mind, body and soul), and taking responsibility for your life.
While you are growing up, the government quietly declares you to be dead and lost at sea. Since you are already considered an enemy of the state, you are a criminal under the 13th amendment, and can now be treated as a work slave. This is described well in the post The Underworld Death Dealing Practices Of The Elite:
Many people think that slavery ended during the Civil War, with the ratification of the 13th amendment, but in fact the 13 amendment legalized slavery on a massive scale:
We will be discussing these treaties in more detail in a moment and how they go to the motive of the equally bizarre and false 13th amendment that converts every United States of America citizen into both a criminal and a slave, or a 14th Amendment US citizen into a piece of cargo- being worse than a slave.
Within the Equity System Managed by the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.), our estate is created at birth via the proof of live birth; a birth certificate. An Estate is an age old piece of technology developed for imparting trust from the original owner or creator, to a trustee or third party. For example, during the crusades, the volunteers would entrust their estate to a friend or family member, who would manage the land for them while they were gone. The Cestui Que Trust. If the Crusader died or was lost at sea, then the friend could claim the estate as their own. And this is exactly what the Elite do for every birth certificate carrying individual:
The United States is the only country in the world that not only condones slavery but has embedded it as a religious and moral right within its own constitution. However, that is exactly what the false 13th Amendment says:
The 13th Amendment does not abolish slavery; it converts it into a claimed religious and moral right. The 13th Amendment does not end slavery; it just changes the name of slaves to criminals.
Let me read it to you: "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction."
So if I am able to claim someone as a criminal, such as in summary justice – then I can make them a slave. How could anyone in their right mind logically conclude then that the 13th Amendment abolished slavery? It did not! – it institutionalized it to the present day under the Fascist models of the NWO 2.0 then the Third Reich and now the Fourth Reich.
Lastly, the Birth Certificate does not clearly state Live Child or Dead Child, and this opens the door for a presumption of death. Just like the family member who took ownership of the Crusaders estate, the trustee can claim that the grantor died or was lost at sea, so can the government. As long as you do not show up to say otherwise, this presumption becomes a 'cured fact' under Equity Law, and the government can step in and begin using your estate for their own purposes.
The Solution
Hopefully an underlying theme should be apparent, that complete knowledge or lack there of, is the root cause and therefore solution. Let's address each of the key factors.
Our Incompetence:
Since it is true that when we are born we are not competent, we must educate ourselves. Knowledge is power. How can we possibly hope to get our entrusted estate back if we don't even know it exists or that we have claim to it? The information presented in this article is a great start. But memorizing a few facts, and filling out a U.C.C. form is not enough, this knowledge is the first layer of the onion, we need to go all the way to the core. Our Estate is not a birth certificate, or a piece of land somewhere, our estate is our mind, body and soul. This is where the lawful/legal side merges with the spiritual side.
We must learn discernment, and stop placing blind faith in leaders and experts, because these are representatives, they represent us when we must present ourselves. This is done by gaining personal knowledge so we can see deception when it crosses our path, and call it for what it is. In this case, that our would-be masters, those who claim to be 'consorts to god' are actually in Breach of Trust with the covenant of god, because they hide the truth instead of sharing it; Dark Occultism. When we understand enough about these realities and present this truth to others we are proving our competence.
Breach of Trust:
The trustee's to our estate, must be notified as to their breach of trust. Now that we have done the work to gain complete knowledge, we must begin acting on this knowledge. If we continue to accept the illusory authority of government, we are still incompetent. For example, by voting for a president, you are entering into an agreement with the government which presumes your incompetence, and their status as authority over you. By our very action of voting, we give them our consent and validate our incompetence. In this sense, knowledge will become power, if acted upon. Either we stop consenting to all the forms of authoritarian rule (paying taxes, tickets and fines, accepting corporate justice from courts, etc) and in doing so prove our competence, or we do nothing and continue to issue implied consent. In this case, there is no grey area, there are no bystanders, either you're working to be a part of freedom or you're working with the cabal by remaining ignorant and inactive; harsh as that may sound.
Implied Consent from all other 'citizens of government':
This last point is what unifies all the people of the world under a common cause; true freedom. Even if we do the work of educating ourselves, and then prove our competence by acting within this knowledge in our personal lives, there is still a whole world of incompetent and willing slaves to deal with. Because they have, by their ignorance and inaction, given a mandate to governments to continue slavery and tyranny, we cannot be islands of freedom within a sea of piracy. Remember, their mandate is maintained by deception and ignorance - they deceive people into giving them the 'right to rule.' As such our efforts MUST be focused on the un-awakened and ignorant masses. When enough people have dispelled their own incompetence, by gaining complete knowledge of the problem, then we can act as a collective to dispel the presumed mandate of authority. Each person who is asleep is working for the cabal and doesn't know it. It is our job, as those who have learned the truth, to reveal it to them, and allow them to become present, so they no longer need to be represented by government.
Final Message of Hope
The core problem is within each human being on earth, including the cabal themselves. The Cabal know the truth, and deceive us into accepting and maintaining our incompetence (ignorance). Humanity at large has been trained to be a slave race and accept authority as real, instead of illusory. The false belief in authority must be dispelled, by gaining knowledge of the truth, that there are no real authorities, only trustee's given the power to manage our affairs, by our consent.
As such, any solution which does not address this, is only a stopgap measure. Even if every single Cabal member was magically transported off earth, the real problem would still be here, and another master would come in to rule the well trained incompetent slaves. As such, where we focus our time and energy is crucial. We must seek to gain mastery of ourselves, and in doing so reclaim our estate; our minds, bodies and souls.
As we gain knowledge and develop mastery we become deception proof and present our competence. Now we can look back in our lives and see how our actions helped maintain the status quo of false authority and tyranny and begin un-consenting by changing ourselves. Learning about health, law, and how to be honorable will help us dispel false beliefs, and empower us with real knowledge to act competently, removing any need for a 'consort of god' to manage our lives for us.
The good news is that the whole system is designed for this purpose in the first place. Our would-be masters knew that they couldn't stay in power unless we remain ignorant and inactive. Like a magician their illusion only works if we can't see behind the stage.
The control systems many have come to loathe (Legal codes, Equity Law, etc) are all based on trust agreements, and as soon as we become aware of this, we can take action, and the whole system of control works against the cabal and for us. Now we use the U.C.C. and Equity Law systems to our advantage, making them honorable. In this sense, these systems are a tool, like a hammer, and are not evil in and of themselves.
From the Editor: You can claim your title by notifying the state regisrar you are of lawful age with an Affadit of Ownership.
Simply put, the whole problem, in its full scope and impact, involves all intelligent life on earth, as each being is contributing to the current condition. We must reclaim our true estate, our minds, bodies and souls and in doing so become the free and empowered beings we were always meant to be. Now our estate is used by us create harmony and the long sought golden age on earth, instead of the horrific NWO we seem to be headed for now.
See Also: Birth Certificate Created by State


text: Rokudou is a loser, and everyone knows it. He gets picked on at school, gets snide looks from passersby, and can only muster up the courage to complain in secret with his equally hapless friends. Looking to turn his life around, he desperately uses an ancestral artifact passed down in his family for generations: a scroll that is capable of subduing all demons. However, in the modern age it has a different effect—it makes all bad girls fall in love with him.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
- Converts your tail light to also function as the turn signal
- OEM tail light connectors for simple plug-and-play installation
- Assembled in USA
Custom Appearance. This kit will convert the LED tail light on your 2003-2008 Infiniti G35 Sedan to also function as the turn signal. This kit will instantly customize your vehicle for a much more modern appearance on the road! This module does not include the option to convert your old turn signal location into additional backup lights.
Easy Installation. Using OEM tail light connectors, the base kit is 100% plug-and-play and installs in minutes, with no wiring required. You don't even have to remove your tail lights!
Experience. After over a decade in business, Diode Dynamics is the most trusted name in automotive LED lighting. Unlike every other LED distributor, we assemble and engineer products ourselves in the United States, for high quality and fast time-to-market of the newest and brightest LED technologies. We pride ourselves in offering only quality LED products, that will exceed your expectations. Please contact us if you'd like to discuss your lighting project!
What's Included
- Two (2) modules for installation on 2003-2008 Infiniti G35 Sedan
- One (1) Installation Guide
NOTE: This module is compatible with Sedan models only. CLICK HERE for the Coupe version.
Find an error on this page? Please let us know!
NOTE: This module is compatible with Sedan models only. CLICK HERE for the Coupe version.
What's Included
- Two (2) modules for installation on 2003-2008 Infiniti G35 Sedan
- One (1) Installation Guide
NOTE: Installation steps and time may vary if you have an OEM subwoofer in your vehicle.
Installation Time: 5-10 minutes
Tools Needed: Non-Marring Trim Tool
Modification: None
Installation Guide: Click to download
3 Year Replacement Limited Warranty
All Diode Dynamics products come with a 3 Year Worry-Free Warranty.
If you experience any defect with a product, we will do some quick troubleshooting, and if necessary, provide a replacement. There is no need to wait for a return and repair process. Click here to learn more.
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All domestic (U.S.) orders ship with your choice of UPS or USPS, and all orders placed before 12 PM CST will ship the same day, if all items are in stock. Shipping costs are calculated at checkout, based on order size. Delivery usually takes just 3-5 days.
You will receive updates from our site when your order is shipped, along with a unique shipment number to ensure that your order is correctly accounted for. This allows you to easily reply to us if you have any concerns.
Have a question about your shipment? Just like any other question you might have, simply send us an email and our trained lighting and shipping experts will reply, usually the same day. Or, give us a call during normal business hours.
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We ship to almost everywhere in the world using USPS shipping services, along with your country's postal service. Rates are calculated at checkout to ensure fair pricing. We normally offer standard mail, Priority International, and EMS Express. Please note that the shipping time can vary widely, based on your countries mail service and border policies.
Shipments are marked with the value of your purchase price. International customers are responsible for any tariffs or customs fees that may be associated with their shipment. Please check your country's laws and regulations before your purchase.
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As we use only standard mail, our customers normally do not incur any type of import fees, customs fees, or tariffs for smaller shipments. However, this cannot be guaranteed, and any fees are the responsibility of the buyer. Please contact us if you have any concerns.
The following part numbers are included with this listing:
|Tail as Turn® Module for 2003-2015 Infiniti G35/G37 Sedan & Q40 (pair)
|0.61 lbs
|AC0104 G35/G37 Sedan & Q40 Tail as Turn (single)


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ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA – Vladmir Putin launched his world tour – as a singer – last night!
Vladimir Putin has now done something no other Russian leader is known to have done, at least in public: sing! He launched his world tour as an artist by singing an American pop classic: "Blueberry Hill."
Fans packed into the concert hall to hear the 58-year-old Russian Prime Minister-pilot-hunter-judo black belt embark on yet another career.
"Some people are saying he wants to be the next Frank Sinatra, but Vlad has a unique style that surpasses Frank and will make him much bigger on a global scale," said Putin's Chief of Staff, Anna Pfeffer.
Putin took the stage to thunderous applause and then sat down at the piano and played a Rachmaninoff's Concerto #3, which many considered the finest performance of the difficult piece ever performed. Here he is at the piano:
Putin was humble at first when he told the crowd, "Like an overwhelming majority of people, I can neither sing nor play, but I very much like doing it." Then he went on to announce that he was launching his Red Scare Tour, his first world tour as a singer/pianist/KGB.
In the clip below Putin stumbled a bit on a Soviet-era patriotic song, "From Where the Motherland Begins" because he was very emotional. Then he got up and sang "Blueberry Hill."
Some in the audience say that they saw the ghost of Elvis Presley on the side of the stage. Reportedly, Elvis gave Putin a thumbs up sign for his "Blueberry Hill" performance.
The 1940 song (music by Vincent Rose, lyrics by Al Lewis and Larry Stock),was made famous by Elvis Presley and Led Zepplin. Nobody saw Led Zepplin (dead or alive) on the side of the stage, however.
The former KGB head and president learned the song's lyrics as part of his English language studies and soon after became fluent in English and learned the complete American songbook as well as every rock song recorded by the Beatles.
Spotted in the crowd: Goldie Hawn, Kurt Russell, Kevin Costner and Sharon Stone. They were all "blown away" by Putin's performance. If they weren't "blown away" however… they may have been blown away.
Tickets for the Red Scare Tour are available from Live Nation.
Here's the Putin gold:


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West Mosul battle looks to be deadliest yet for Iraqis
MOSUL, Iraq (AP) — As Iraqi forces pushed into southwestern Mosul, four Islamic State fighters moved into Omar Khudair's home and took up positions on the roof.
The 17-year-old, his parents and siblings took cover in his aunt's house next door, and for the next half hour they huddled in a back room as the battle raged overhead. Then the airstrikes came, blowing up a cluster of houses, killing not only the fighters, but 18 members of Khudair's extended family. The teen was one of the few to survive, left covered in burns and shrapnel wounds.
The fight for the western half of Mosul could the deadliest yet for civilians. Iraqi forces have increasingly turned to airstrikes and artillery to clear heavily populated, dense urban terrain, and residents running out of food and supplies are fleeing their homes at higher rates than previously seen in the Mosul operation.
More than 750 civilians have been killed or wounded since the fight for western Mosul began a month ago, front-line medics say, a number they expect to spike as Iraqi forces push into the old city. They spoke on condition of anonymity in line with regulations.
By comparison, some 1,600 civilians were killed or wounded during the 100 days of fighting to recapture Mosul's less densely populated east, according to reports from nearby hospitals. Mosul's east was declared fully liberated in January.
Airwars, a London-based group that tracks civilian deaths from airstrikes targeting IS in Iraq and Syria, estimates the number of casualties to be much higher, claiming more than 300 civilians have been killed in western Mosul over the last month.
The Pentagon, which has yet to release casualty figures from the last month, has acknowledged 220 civilian deaths from coalition airstrikes in Iraq and Syria since the U.S. campaign against IS began in 2014.
Of the nearly 300,000 people who have fled Mosul since the operation to retake Iraq's second largest city began in October, more than 100,000 have left in the past month alone, according to the United Nations.
Many are fleeing because they have no more food, said Azher Adnan, a local pharmacist volunteering as a medic at a clinic just south of the city. "Every one of my patients, the first thing they say when they approach my clinic is 'I'm hungry,'" he said.
Civilians who have escaped said food began to run low in October as the wealthy hoarded what they could. By January, grocery store shelves were completely bare.
"The population of Mosul's west is different from the east," Adnan said. "Here you have more people in poverty, they couldn't afford to prepare for the siege."
In eastern Mosul, most militants withdrew in the face of the assault, leaving small contingents of four of five fighters to pin down troops in urban combat. But Lt. Gen. Sami al-Arathi, of Iraq's special forces, said the fighters cornered in west Mosul have nowhere to run. "Now, they are forced to fight to the death," he said.
Faced with heavier resistance in more dense urban terrain, Iraqi forces are relying even more on airstrikes and artillery, heightening the risk to civilians and leaving scenes of devastation in their wake.
"This area used to be so beautiful," said Mohammed Ali of the Federal Police, which have been battling their way up the Tigris along what used to be a scenic riverside boulevard, leaving behind mangled park benches and shattered flower boxes.
Ali, who hails from a town just outside Mosul, remembers spending time on the corniche as a teenager.
"Families and girls would come here," he said, laughing. "We used to follow the girls, but they never gave us any attention."
U.S. Army Maj. Gen. Joseph Martin, the commander of coalition ground forces in Iraq, said the coalition is "probably" launching more airstrikes in western Mosul than in the east because more coalition troops have been authorized to approve air support for Iraqi forces.
"We're going to strike ISIS wherever we can so that the Iraqis can be successful," Martin said, referring to the extremist group by another acronym.
He said changes to the U.S. rules of engagement are allowing the coalition to strike faster and more accurately. Martin said Iraqi commanders are still trying to preserve infrastructure and minimize civilian casualties — but that the militants have other ideas.
IS has fired at least 4,284 mortars, rockets, and artillery rounds "indiscriminately" in western Mosul since January, showing "complete disregard of human life," he said.
Humanitarian organizations warn that the destruction, displacement and civilian casualties are likely to spike as Iraqi forces push into Mosul's old city, where streets are the width of alleyways.
A senior Western diplomat who attends military planning meetings said Iraq's military showed that they were capable of protecting civilians in eastern Mosul, but will face a much greater challenge in the old city.
"In the old city (Iraqi forces) are going to have to get out of their vehicles and they've got to go house to house," the official said on condition of anonymity to discuss military planning. "Families are going to be at extreme risk."
In Mamun, one of the first western Mosul neighborhoods to be retaken from IS, nearly every customer at a corner vegetable market knew at least one person who had been killed during the past month's fighting.
Ahmed Khalil pointed to where he said a rocket had killed a mother and her children. He gestured further down the street, where he said IS snipers had picked off civilians trying to flee.
"We couldn't even take the bodies to the cemetery because the clashes were so heavy," he said. "We had to just bury them where they fell."
Another customer, Mashad Fathi, pointed to a street where a whole row of buildings had collapsed. "The bodies of one of the families are still under the rubble."
Harb reported from Irbil, Iraq.


text:
If most people know one thing about black holes, they probably know that nothing can escape from them, not even light.
Yet this most basic tenet about black holes has actually been disproven by the theory of quantum mechanics, explains theoretical physicist Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ, in an essay published online today (Aug. 2) in the journal Science.
Black holes, in the classical picture of physics, are incredibly dense objects where space and time are so warped that nothing can escape from their gravitational grasp. In another essay in the same issue of Science, theoretical physicist Kip Thorne of Caltech describes them as "objects made wholly and solely from curved spacetime."
Yet this basic picture appears to contradict the laws of quantum mechanics, which govern the universe's tiniest elements.
"What you get from classical general relativity, and also what everyone understands about a black hole, is that it can absorb anything that comes near, but it can't emit anything. But quantum mechanics doesn't allow such an object to exist," Witten said in this week's Science podcast.
In quantum mechanics, if a reaction is possible, the opposite reaction is also possible, Witten explained. Processes should be reversible. Thus, if a person can be swallowed by a black hole to create a slightly heavier black hole, a heavy black hole should be able to spit out a person and become a slightly lighter black hole. Yet nothing is supposed to escape from black holes. [Photos: Black Holes of the Universe]
To solve the dilemma, physicists looked to the idea of entropy, a measurement of disorder or randomness. The laws of thermodynamics state that in the macroscopic world, it's impossible to reduce the entropy of the universe — it can only increase. If a person were to fall into a black hole, entropy would increase. If the person were to pop back out of it, the universal entropy tally would go down. For the same reason, water can spill out of a cup onto the floor, but it won't flow from the floor into a cup.
This principle seems to explain why the process of matter falling into a black hole cannot be reversed, yet it only applies on a macroscopic level.
Physicist Stephen Hawking famously realized that on the microscopic, quantum mechanical level, things can escape from black holes. He predicted that black holes will spontaneously emit particles in a process he dubbed Hawking radiation. Thus, quantum mechanics refuted one of the basic tenets of black holes: that nothing can escape.
"Although a black hole will never emit an astronaut or a table or a chair, in practice, it can definitely emit an ordinary elementary particle or an atom," Witten explained.
However, scientists have yet to observe Hawking radiation.
"Unfortunately, the usual astrophysical black holes, formed from stellar collapse or in the centers of galaxies, are much too big and too far away for their microscopic details to be relevant," Witten wrote.
Witten's essay is one of five new papers in Science this week summarizing the state of black hole research.
Follow Clara Moskowitz on Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz or SPACE.com @Spacedotcom. We're also on Facebook & Google+.


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Hey Bartender2013 Documentary
Two bartenders try to achieve their dreams through bartending. An injured Marine turns his goals to becoming a principal bartender at the best cocktail bar in the world. A young man leaves his white collar job to buy the corner bar in his hometown, and years later he struggles to keep it afloat. Featuring the world's most renowned bartenders and access to the most exclusive bars in New York, this is the story of the comeback of the cocktail and the rebirth of the bartender.


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The main sources of official data on migrants' remittances are the annual balance of payments records of countries, which are compiled in the Balance of Payments Yearbook published annually by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). For more information on remittances from the United States based on this data, see this issue's Spotlight.
In migration literature, the term "migrant remittances" has generally come to refer to the transfers in cash or in kind from a migrant to household residents in the county of origin. However, the IMF data presented in the tables below are based on a much broader definition and include three categories of data:
The data provided in the tables below show the total remittances, which is the sum of the values of the three IMF categories defined above.
While the categories used by the IMF are well defined, there are several problems associated with their implementation worldwide that can affect their comparability. The data have serious limitations and the estimates obtained should be interpreted with caution. On the one hand, official remittance figures may underestimate the size of flows because they fail to capture informal remittance transfers, including sending cash back with returning migrants or by carrying cash and/or goods when migrants return home. On the other hand, official remittance figures may also overestimate the size of the flows. Other types of monetary transfers -- including illicit ones -- cannot always be distinguished from remittances.
The information presented here is derived from "Measurement of Remittances," pp. 321-362 in Bilsborrow et al., 1997, International Migration Statistics: Guidelines for Improving Data Collection Systems (Geneva: International Labour Office).
Table 1. Top fifteen countries with the highest total remittances received, 2001
Table 2. Top fifteen countries with the highest total remittances received as a percentage of the GDP, 2001
Table 3. Top fifteen countries with the highest total remittances received per capita, 2001


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Capital Markets Shut After Sandy Strengthens Overnight
NEW YORK, Oct 29 Hurricane Sandy, the monster storm bearing down on the U.S. East Coast, strengthened on Monday after hundreds of thousands moved to higher ground, public transport shut down and the U.S. stock market suffered its first weather-related closure in 27 years.
About 50 million people from the Mid-Atlantic to Canada were in the path of the nearly 1,000-mile-wide (1,600-km-wide) storm, which forecasters said could be the largest to hit the mainland in U.S. history. It was expected to topple trees, damage buildings, cause power outages and trigger heavy flooding.
The U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) said on Monday the Category 1 storm had strengthened as it turned toward the coast and was moving at 15 mph (24 kph). It was expected to bring a "life-threatening storm surge", coastal hurricane winds and heavy snow in the Appalachian Mountains, the NHC said.
Nine U.S. states have declared states of emergency and President Barack Obama has warned the nation to brace itself.
"This is a serious and big storm," Obama said after a briefing at the federal government's storm response center in Washington. "We don't yet know where it's going to hit, where we're going to see the biggest impacts."
Sandy killed 66 people in the Caribbean before pounding U.S. coastal areas with rain and triggering snow falls at higher elevations.
Forecasting services indicated early Monday the storm would strike the New Jersey shore near Atlantic City on Monday night. While Sandy does not yet pack the punch of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in 2005, it could become more potent as it approaches the U.S. coast.
Winds increased to a maximum of 85 mph (140 kph), the NHC said in its 5 a.m. (1100 GMT) report, up from 75 mph (120 km) three hours earlier. It said tropical Storm force winds reached as far as 485 (780 km) from the center.
New York and other cities and towns closed their transit systems and schools and ordered mass evacuations from low-lying areas ahead of a storm surge that could reach as high as 11 feet (3.4 meters).
All U.S. stock markets will be closed on Monday and possibly Tuesday, the operator of the New York Stock Exchange said late on Sunday, reversing an earlier plan that would have kept electronic trading going on Monday.
Sandy forced President Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney to cancel some campaign stops and fueled concern it could disrupt early voting - encouraged by the candidates this year more than ever - before the Nov. 6 election.
The United Nations, Broadway theaters, New Jersey casinos, schools up and down the Eastern Seaboard, and myriad corporate events were also being shut down.
Officials ordered people in coastal towns and low-lying areas to evacuate, often telling them they would put emergency workers' lives at risk if they stayed.
"Don't be stupid, get out, and go to higher, safer ground," New Jersey Governor Chris Christie told a news conference.
Forecasters said Sandy was a rare, hybrid "super storm" created by an Arctic jet stream wrapping itself around a tropical storm, possibly causing up to 12 inches (30 cm) of rain in some areas, as well as up to 3 feet (90 cm) of snowfall in the Appalachian Mountains from West Virginia to Kentucky.
At 5 a.m. (1100 GMT), the NHC said Sandy was centered about 385 miles (615 km) south southeast of New York City, about 40 miles closer than was reported three hours earlier.
Worried residents in the hurricane's path packed stores, searching for generators, flashlights, batteries, food and other supplies in anticipation of power outages. Nearly 284,000 residential properties valued at $88 billion are at risk for damage, risk analysts at CoreLogic said.
Transportation systems shut down in anticipation. Airlines canceled flights, bridges and tunnels closed, and national passenger rail operator Amtrak suspended nearly all service on the East Coast. The U.S. government told non-emergency workers in Washington D.C. to stay home.
Utilities from the Carolinas to Maine reported late Sunday that a combined 14,000 customers were already without power.
The second-largest oil refinery on the East Coast, Phillips 66's 238,000 barrel per day (bpd) Bayway plant in Linden, New Jersey, was shutting down and three other plants cut output as the storm affected operations at two-thirds of the region's plants.
Oil prices slipped on Monday, with Brent near $109 a barrel. "With refineries cutting runs, we're likely to see a build-up in crude stocks which could be driving bearish prices at the moment," said Michael Creed, an economist at National Australia Bank in Melbourne.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered the evacuation of some 375,000 people from low-lying areas of the city, from upscale parts of lower Manhattan to waterfront housing projects in the outer boroughs.
The U.S. Coast Guard responded to a distress call from HMS Bounty, a tall ship with 17 people aboard approximately 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Hatteras, North Carolina. A replica built for the 1962 movie version of "Mutiny on the Bounty," the three-mast, 180-foot (55-metre) vessel was believed to be taking on water and was without propulsion, the Coast Guard said.
"We are talking with the crew and the owner about search and rescue possibilities," Petty Officer David Weydert said.
While Sandy's 85 mph (140 kph) winds were not overwhelming for a hurricane, its exceptional size means the winds will last as long as two days.
"This is not a typical storm," said Pennsylvania Governor Tom Corbett. "It could very well be historic in nature and in scope."
Copyright 2010 by Reuters. All rights reserved.


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Let someone special to you celebrate in style with this 50th birthday card! It showcases exciting golden balloons that represent their big milestone! They will appreciate that you took the time to send them a happy birthday card and that you are thinking of them on their big day! This awesome greeting card will wish them joy and excitement as they are turning 50. Get these balloons and golden ribbons off to them today to make sure they have a great day!
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Fireworks are reserved for the most spectacular parties and celebrations, so the design on this Happy Birthday card is the best way to celebrate your friend or family member on their special day! Gold is used for the most important and significant events, so show your loved one how incredible they are with this Happy Birthday card. They deserve the best, so give them a birthday they will always remember!
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Expendables 2: All The Action Heroes You've Ever Known
Like the first in this explosive, guns and skull ridden movie, the Expendables sequel is all about the cast. This ensemble group of all stars comes together in one throbbing, heaping helping of testosterone, making this about as actiony a movie as an action movie can get. It's a caricature of the ultimate action flick, like a Snakes on a Plane meta-movie in that everybody- viewers, actors and filmmakers alike- are all in on the joke. If Hollywood were a box of toys, each of these guys is an action figure from a different comic book or TV show that you love, who come together in the sandbox for the ultimate showdown. Chuck Norris is in this for God sakes.
We don't really know what it's about (especially if you didn't see the first one) and more importantly, we don't care. The plot becomes virtually irrelevant when Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis, and Sylvestor Stallone are banging around a set with machine guns and hand grenades. Because at that point, it is only about having fun watching a summer blockbuster in an air conditioned theater. If you expect even the teeniest, tiniest iota more out of this, you probably go to Tisch and no one wants you in this theater anyway.


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Vail Valley aspen leaves turning to gold
Special to the Daily
Editor's note: This is the second of two parts. The first part ran in Saturday's Vail Daily.
EAGLE COUNTY — Native tribes used aspen trees medicinally. They made tea to reduce fever using the bark, which contains a chemical similar to aspirin, and used a white powder found in the outer bark as sunscreen. Today, people use the wood of the tree for things such as lettuce crates and wood chips. The wood grain makes beautiful ornamental items. Because it is a soft wood, it is not good for structural purposes. Animals make use of the aspen tree, too. Beavers use aspen bark for food, and the wood and twigs for building dams and lodges. Elk, moose and deer eat the bark, twigs and foliage. The black on the bark of aspen trees is the result of some damage caused by broken limbs, bear scratches, carvers, elk and rabbit chewing, and insects. Various rots and fungi cause the black coloration on the damaged bark.
Aspen are sun-loving trees. They tend to grow in disturbed areas — often places where fires or logging operations have opened the forest floor to full sunlight. As a grove grows, the branches on the lower parts of the inner trees do not receive enough sunlight and therefore do not produce leaves. These branches die off and fall from the tree, leaving a characteristic mark like the silhouette of a flying bird. The tree continues to grow straight up, losing more branches. This produces a tall thin trunk topped by a crown of leaves. Eventually the tree reaches a height where nutrients, picked up from the soil by its roots, can no longer efficiently reach its top. The interior wood then begins to rot, and the tree begins to die. The maximum age of these trees is a little more than 100 years.
Since the aspen trees shade the floor of the forest, no new aspen can grow beneath them until the aspen forest dies off. This may open the ground to sunlight and more aspen begin to grow or they are replaced over time with shade-loving trees — in this region, generally fir or spruce — that can grow in their own shadow. Eventually, the spruce and fir trees become the dominant vegetation. The suckers can live for hundreds of years. That allows the aspen to return if fire or logging destroys the forest and produces open areas where they can grow in full sunlight.
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Aspen decline
Another unique feature of aspen is that the bark is thin and a close look will reveal a slight green tint. When the bark is cut, a bright green layer of chlorophyll is revealed. This allows aspen bark to carry on photosynthesis. Some believe that more photosynthesis go on in aspen bark than in the leaves in the spring. This also "extends the growing season" because the tree can continue to photosynthesize before the leaves appear and after they drop off in the fall.
Most of the huge expanses of aspen across Colorado are actually the result of logging activity or fires caused by careless miners and sparks from steam engines more than a hundred years ago. Today, environmental consciousness is reducing logging activity and man can now prevent as well as fight forest fires. This is actually leading to a decline in the number and size of aspen groves across the state. There has been a seemingly unrelated die-off in aspen groves across the Rocky Mountain West in recent years, the cause of which is not fully understood.
If you drive through the hills in virtually any direction in mid-September through mid-October, you will find aspen turning to gold, but nowhere in Colorado can one see as many acres of aspen as on the drive over Kebler Pass. Kebler Pass, located west of McClure Pass in the West Elk Mountains of Colorado between Somerset and Crested Butte, is home to the largest grove of aspen in Colorado. Genetic testing has show that it is, for the most part, one continuous colony and therefore (depending on definitions) is one of the largest living organisms in the world.
Rick Spitzer is the author of "Colorado Mountain Passes," published by Westcliffe Publishers and available at The Bookworm of Edwards, City Market, Amazon and many stores across the state. The book provides photos and text about the history, lore, wildlife and scenery around the passes of Colorado.


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Dave was very tall with a shaven head and a gentle expression. He was a Brooklynite working for an ad agency when his employer approached him to see if he and his wife would be willing to move to India to work for the agency?s Delhi office. Surprisingly, the extent of his reading on Delhi before going was a Lonely Planet guidebook and other travel guidebooks. He was mostly excited at the possibility of getting home-cooked Indian meals.
Most white Westerners who go to India write about how they hated it, but grew to love it. Dave and his wife, on the other hand, loved it, came to hate it, and eventually adopted a more balanced impression of the country.
I tend to be skeptical of Western travelogues set in India as too frequently they?re awash in stereotypes, either gushing about how special and spiritual India is else or how dirty and backwards. Jaya mentioned from the outset that she was relieved to close the book and not hear of Dave?s spiritual awakening and her stamp of approval made me a little more receptive to the book and the Q&A than I might otherwise have been.
I?ve only read the first chapter (and listened to the author read other anecdotes), but I gather this is not the annoying kind of Indian travelogue. For one thing, it?s much funnier. For another, it seems to be self-aware and self-mocking. Or if it is that kind of travelogue, the author comes across as so well-intentioned, I couldn't really fault him. The intent of the book seems to be to make people laugh about the differences in Indian daily life versus American daily life, rather than to claim a privileged status as someone who really knows Delhi or to argue that one way of life is better than the other.
One of the most amusing things that Dave talked about was ?gora evasion??the practice white people have of avoiding eye contact or saying hello to other white people traveling in India. Each white person wants to feel he or she is a Magellan, a Vasco de Gama, a great explorer blazing a trail through India. Seeing other white people ruins that illusion and so at all costs, you must look away or find something else to look at.
Growing up in the Bay Area in the Eighties, I always found that when I encountered other Indians, we always made an effort to acknowledge each other. I suspect the exact opposite impulse motivated us?we didn?t want to feel like a solo traveler.
One of the draws of this reading was that Dave and Jaya would compare notes on the best rajma masala in the Bay Area. Unfortunately that didn?t happen, so I can?t say what their recommendations are.
What are your favorite Indian food restaurants in the Bay Area?


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Canon EOS R
A pioneering full-frame mirrorless camera that sets new standards. Maciek says: "It also has one feature I always hoped to have one day: a completely silent shutter."
Canon Ambassador Maciek Nabrdalik is a celebrated Polish documentary photographer whose work focuses on social changes in Eastern Europe.
Well-known both in his native Poland and abroad, Maciek's awards include honours from World Press Photo, Pictures of the Year International, NPPA The Best of Photojournalism and multiple awards in his native Poland. His work has been exhibited and published internationally.
A graduate of Warsaw University of Technology, Maciek gave up a possible career in computer science to pursue his greatest passion. He became a professional photographer in 2001 and initially spent time shooting for local newspapers in the US. He also had a spell as an assistant on fashion shoots for magazines before joining a major Polish daily newspaper, covering national and international news.
In 2007, his shot of ex-Polish Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, taken shortly after the former leader was defeated in the race to be Mayor of Warsaw, was named Picture of the Year in Poland's Grand Press Photo contest.
In 2012, Maciek was awarded a grant from the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage for a project on Nazi prison survivors worldwide. The project was inspired by an assignment to photograph the preservation efforts at Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum for Smithsonian magazine. Maciek travelled more than 80,000 kilometres around the globe to meet the last remaining former prisoners, thanks to a grant from the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage in 2012. The results were published in a book, The Irreversible. In 2012 he also received the prestigious Pierre & Alexandra Boulat Grant, sponsored by Canon France, for a project on economic migration.
In 2016, Maciek became a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University, spending a funded year focusing on improving his journalism.
He has held exhibitions all over the world, including in New York, Mexico and Greece. He is also a member of the prestigious agency VII. His second book, Homesick, which summarises his long-term project chronicling the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, was published in 2016. In January 2018 OUT, his book which portrays the Polish LGBTQ community, was published in the US by The New Press.
Your documentary projects appear to be works of passion – how do you pay your bills?
"It's true that most of my long-term projects are purely personal but I do get assignments, both editorial and corporate, that help me sustain my needs and fund my projects. I teach quite a few workshops and I was lucky to get some grants along the way as well."
How do you decide on the visual treatment for each of your projects?
"I usually opt for a classical documentary approach, preferably black-and-white reportage, but I do experiment with the form and I stretch the documentary boundaries quite a lot. As a Nieman Fellow at Harvard, I spent my time learning how to write and studying Virtual Reality, so my creative toolbox has grown."
Which of your stories do you believe has helped you to grow the most as a photographer?
"I think I learned the most working on 'Chernobyl's Outskirts'. I used to try to pre-visualise photographs before I would get started on a story, but covering this one made me understand that all the plans you can think of don't make sense if you can't take your time and open yourself to people and serendipity."
Your projects often last many years – how do you know when they're finished?
"I rarely know that, to be honest. Those projects usually depend on deep relationships with subjects who I follow over the years. I try to keep those ties forever, so even when I stop visiting those people with the camera, I still stay in touch and it never really feels like I'm finished. However, to date I have published three books, and those stories I consider to be closed chapters."
What do you love about your profession, and what frustrates you the most about it?
"I love the opportunities it gives me. It has given me a chance to experience many different walks of life. What frustrates me, sometimes, is that it is really difficult to plan ahead. Usually when I do that, I get an important assignment that conflicts with my plans."
Facebook: @maciek.nabrdalik
Instagram: @maciek.nabrdalik
Website: www.nabrdalik.com
"My advice to aspiring documentary photographers is to realise, sooner rather than later, that what makes you unique as photographers is your own life experience. The place where you were born, the people you've been surrounded by, the books you've read, the music you've listened to and so on. I believe your own life, your own fears and your own curiosity should be the source of inspiration for your projects, and not so much the history of photography. I was lucky to meet people on my way who taught me that."
The key kit that the pros use to take their photographs
A pioneering full-frame mirrorless camera that sets new standards. Maciek says: "It also has one feature I always hoped to have one day: a completely silent shutter."
The flagship, full-frame pro DSLR is Maciek's "number one tool", which he describes as "quiet, small and robust, all at the same time."
Excellent 4K UHD/Full HD video with professional XLR audio in a compact package. Maciek says: "The smallest video camera with two XLR sound inputs. It's easy to carry, easy to use and has incredible image quality."
A portable, ideal all-purpose wide-angle lens for full frame cameras. Maciek says: "Small, light and inexpensive, together with the EOS 5D Mark IV it is the most unobtrusive and efficient tool I can think of."
A standard wide-angle lens beloved for its natural perspective and low-light capability. "I love the image quality, the contrast and the shallow depth of field offered by this lens," says Maciek.
A fast maximum aperture and rapid focusing system make this a versatile lens, but the pros tend to use it for portraits.
A lightweight design prime macro, "this is the longest lens I use and my favourite for portraits," says Maciek. "It's extremely fast and sharp and its close-focusing capability opens another layer of possibilities."
A wide-angle prime lens with a fast f/1.8 maximum aperture and macro capabilities.
Maciek Nabrdalik spent over a decade visiting the city's exclusion zone taking shots on a range of Canon cameras, including the EOS R.
Famous photojournalists discuss the future of the industry, and their prognosis may not be what you expect...
Canon Ambassadors share some of their favourite shots taken with L-series lenses – and the stories behind them.
Reflecting on his successful career, celebrated photographer James Nachtwey discusses the historic moments he caught on camera.
Find out how the ambassador programme works, and meet the phenomenal photographers chosen to represent Canon.
Members get access to CPS Priority Support, both locally and at major events; a priority Fast Track repair service; and — depending on your level of membership — free back-up equipment loans plus return shipping and discounts on maintenance. They can also enjoy exclusive members' offers.


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Love is about mixing genes to compete with bacteria and viruses, and to dream together about conquering the cosmos in its various forms. People who do not mix fluids, do not dream, and use hand sanitizer or mouthwash will be extinct.
—Alexander Tarakhovsky
In its ninth volume, the Solution series departs from its previous geopolitical focus on regions and countries. The issue becomes the infinite prospect of connection as well as transformation: this book explores the biopolitical and psychosexual topic of love. With contributions ranging from manifesto to (science) fiction, Solution 247-261: Love realizes that the past, present, and future of love is a demanding mix of charity, sex, trust, lust, economics, genetics, and cybernetics. This volume explores varying ideas of the body, the self, as a spirited micro-region with borders that cannot hold.


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TRAI today said that the regulator's free-hand to telecom operators to fix call and other services charges should not be taken for granted and changes in tariffs are being continuously monitored.
"Forbearance does not mean that we have closed our eyes. Forbearance repose faith on operators and we realise there is competition in the market," TRAI Chairman Rahul Khullar told PTI.
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) around mid of this month decided to continue with forbearance in tariff regime that gives freedom to decide on call and other services rates.
The TRAI Chairman said that if there is market where competition is driving tariff down then forbearance is reasonable action.
Indian mobile phone industry, known for the lowest priced telecom services rates, has now started seeing northward movement with continuous increase in tariffs by leading telecom operators -- Bharti Airtel, Reliance Communications, Idea Cellular and Vodafone.
These four operators account for more than 65 per cent mobile phone connections in the country with 58.41
crore customers on their wireless network as of November 2012.
Telecom operators Idea Cellular, Vodafone and Reliance Communications are learnt to have increased call charges in the range of 20 per cent to 33 per cent over space of four months.
There was another hike noticed in mobile internet services within last one month period by Airtel, Vodafone and Idea Cellular in the range of 25 per cent to 30 per cent.
In the third round, telecom operator Airtel and Idea Cellular took promotional scheme route to hike call rates by slashing free minutes in the range of 10 per cent to 25 per cent and increasing rates of special tariff vouchers which offers discounts on call rates and other services.
Vodafone too indicated that it will follow the suite.
The TRAI Chairman, however, expressed concern on successive increase in services rates by operators.
"The different question and more difficult question is that today one did and after two days other two did it.. is there any nexus among them?" he said.
NGO Telecom Watchdog, one of the petitioner in 2G spectrum case, has approached Competition Commission of India as well as TRAI to look into matter.
"This hike in a cartelised manner is illegal, unjustified, and arbitrary. There is no justification for such a tariff hike," Telecom Watchdog Secretary Anil Kumar said in his complaint to CCI.
Telecom consumer activist and Chairman of Cell for Consumer Education and Advocacy Society, Bejon Mishra condemned tariff hike and demanded "immediate probe into the matter to ensure transparency and accountability of the telecom sector towards the consumers."


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Industry expert Tony O'Lenick examines the difference between separation science and instrumental methods in the following C&T Today exclusive:
Analytical chemists are often presented with complex formulations and asked for information leading to duplication. There are two fundamentally different types of analysis that can be performed with such complex mixtures. The first relates to analysis conducted on the complex solution itself. This type of analysis gives information on colligative properties; that is, properties of the entire formulation. This type of analysis can include Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis in which infrared radiation is passed through a sample.
With FTIR analysis, some of the infrared radiation is absorbed by the sample and some of it is passed through (i.e., transmitted).1 The resulting spectrum represents the molecular absorption and transmission of the entire formulation, creating a formula fingerprint. While very helpful, this technique results in a determination of the functional groups in the entire formulation, not for each molecule. For example, if the FTIR reveals a hydroxyl group and an ester group, it cannot be assumed they are on the same molecule but could just as well be on a mixture of the two.
The full analysis will require separation science. Separation science most commonly uses chromatographic separation, including GPL, HPLC, GPC and TLC. These techniques allow for separation of the formulation into its pure components based upon physical interactions between the molecules and another material. Once the materials are separated and the quantity of each component is determined, the FTIR can be run on each individual component. The FTIR will identify the same groups as above, only now it will analyze pure materials.
Analysis of both colligative properties and those of separated materials is important to the formulation chemist. The former is a very powerful quality control technique, and the latter a powerful analytical tool. The formulator should use both types of analysis.
1. http://mmrc.caltech.edu/FTIR/FTIRintro.pdf


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Mobile Devices and Data Security Drive Top IT Challenge for CPAs
Information security, remote access, and control and use of mobile devices will have the greatest impact on CPAs' technology initiatives over the next 12 months, according to the American Institute of CPAs' 2012 Top Technology Initiatives Survey. As in past years, the survey measures the anticipated impact of certain issues over the next 12 months for CPAs and their clients. The top three responses in 2011 were control and use of mobile devices, information security and data retention policies/structure.
"One of the key value drivers for CPAs is confidentiality and privacy," said AICPA president and chief executive Barry Melancon. "When you see the world and technology evolving, a question for the future is when the under-20-year-old becomes the entrepreneur of the next 10 years, what is the privacy expectation they will have? Will they believe confidentiality and privacy is attainable the same way the Boomers did? Addressing these types of questions is important in determining how CPAs evolve."
The 23rd Annual AICPA Top Technology Initiative survey was conducted Jan. 17 to Feb. 15. The findings were based on responses from 2,259 CPAs nationwide specializing in information technology. It was developed and managed by the AICPA's IT Division, part of the institute's Member Specialization and Credentialing.
This year's survey asked respondents to rate their organizational goals for technology in the coming year. The leading technology priorities for 2012, and survey takers' assessment of how well their organizations are meeting them, are:
1. Securing the IT environment
2. Managing and retaining data
3. Managing risk and compliance
4. Ensuring privacy
5. Leveraging emerging technologies
6. Managing system implementation
7. Enabling decision support and managing performance
8. Governing and managing IT investment/spending
9. Preventing and responding to fraud
10. Managing vendors and service providers
Survey takers indicated they are successfully meeting most of their technology priorities, from information protection and privacy to data management. A majority said their organization has appropriate policies in place to deal with data security concerns, and necessary steps have been taken to insulate IT networks and servers from cyber-attack. At the same time, CPAs were less certain about avoiding a data breach due to the loss of a laptop, tablet or other mobile device.
Melancon noted that opportunities exist for CPAs to better leverage emerging technology.
"Technology is transforming firms and enabling new services," said Melancon. "The transformative aspect of technology cannot be denied, and there are lots of new firms also being created because of technology."
The AICPA's 2012 Top Technologies Initiatives Survey webcast for members of the profession will be held on April 4, from 2 to 4 pm EDT. CPAs who participate are eligible for credits for continuing professional education.
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[235 U.S. 219, 220] Messrs. John C. Spooner, Paul D. Cravath, John D. Lindsay, and Stuart McNamara for appellant.
[235 U.S. 219, 223] Solicitor General Davis and Mr. W. C. Herron for appellee.
Mr. Justice Lamar delivered the opinion of the court:
In the 62d Congress, the House of Representatives (H. R. 429, 504) adopted a resolution authorizing the members of the committee on banking and currency to investigate and make a report as to the financial affairs and activities of national banks, interstate corporations, and groups of financiers as a basis for remedial and other legislative purposes. To that end the committee was authorized to send for persons and papers and to swear witnesses.
Among those summoned and sworn was the appellant, George G. Henry, who was examined at length as to many matters relating to the formation of syndicates and the flotation of stock. He testified that he was a member of the firm of Salamon & Company, bankers in New York, who were accustomed to form syndicates for the acquisition and sale of blocks of stock and to grant participation therein to trust companies and national banks-their directors and corporate officers also being frequently members of the same syndicate. In reference to one of these transactions he testified that Salamon & Company had agreed to pay $8,215,262 for $22,500,000 preferred and common stock in a California oil company; thereupon Salamon & Company, Lewisohn Brothers, Hallgarten & Company, bankers in New York, together with a fourth banking firm (whose name witness did not disclose) had then formed a syndicate for acquiring and disposing of this [235 U.S. 219, 225] $22,500,000 of oil stock. He testified how the shares were allotted, and that 12 1/2 per cent went to the unnamed persons in the banking group; that in the subsequent disposition of the stock a number of shares were required by 15 individuals, some of whom were officers of national banks located in New York, Chicago, and Detroit. Other shares were allotted to those who were officers in trust companies in New York and Chicago. Letters were written offering to allot part of this oil stock to the New York syndicate, but before acceptance of the allotment all of the stock had been sold at a profit of nearly $500,000, a part of which went to the members of the New York syndicate (officers of banks), even though they had not previously accepted the allotment. They thus, in effect, received a present of their share of the profits. He was asked to give the names of those composing the New York syndicate, but claimed to have the right under the Constitution to decline to answer the question, saying also that he 'did not want to disclose the names of the participants in the New York syndicate, although he understood it to be the wish of the subcommittee that he should, for the reason that he would consider it dishonorable to reveal the names of his customers unless compelled to do so.'
The committee ordered the fact of his refusal to answer to be reported to the House for action-majority and minority reports being made. After discussion, the House of Representatives directed that the facts should be laid before the grand jury of the District of Columbia. That body returned an indictment against Henry, charging him with refusing to answer questions propounded by the committee. Rev. Stat. 101-104, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, pp. 54, 55. A warrant issued and Henry was arrested in New York, and when taken before the commissioner demanded an examination.
On the hearing and before the introduction of any testimony, he moved for his discharge on the ground that* [235 U.S. 219, 226] the commissioner was without jurisdiction, since it appeared on the face of the complaint that petitioner was not charged with any offense against the United States.
The motion was denied, and, it having been admitted that Henry was the person described in the indictment, the government introduced the bench warrant and a certified copy of the indictment as sufficient proof of probable cause.
The petitioner then offered in evidence the resolution defining the scope of the inquiry, with a transcript of his testimony before the committee-including the question which he refused to answer and his reasons therefor. Copies of the majority and minority reports to the House were also incorporated in the record. After argument the commissioner ordered Henry to be held in custody until the district judge could issue a warrant for his removal to the District of Columbia under the provisions of Revised Statutes, 1014, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 716.
Thereupon Henry applied to the district judge for a writ of habeas corpus, and on the hearing introduced all of the testimony that had been submitted to the commissioner, and asked for his discharge on grounds similar to those which had been presented to the committing magistrate.
After argument the district judge discharged the writ, and an appeal was entered to this court, where petitioner's counsel, renewing the objections made in the district court, insist that the resolution did not authorize an inquiry as to the matter about which Henry refused to testify; that the facts charged do not constitute an offense under the statute; or, if so, that the statute is void. On the authority of Re Chapman, 166 U.S. 668 , 41 L. ed. 1158, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 677; Kilbourn v. Thompson, 103 U.S. 168 , 26 L. ed. 377, and other cases they insist that in the trial of contested elections, in cases involving the expulsion of members, or other quasi judicial proceedings, the House or Senate may, like any other [235 U.S. 219, 227] court, compel material and noncriminatory disclosures. But they argue that, in view of the provisions of the 4th Amendment to the Constitution, neither House can compel a citizen to disclose his private affairs as a basis for legislation,-particularly where, as in the present case, the witness was not contumacious, but had fully and freely answered all material questions; had disclosed the fact that national banks and their officers were often members of the same syndicate, and had only refused to give the names of certain bank officials when the names themselves could not by any possibility be of assistance in shaping legislation. They therefore contend that the papers show on their face that there was no jurisdiction to issue the warrant on which he was held, and that Henry should not be subjected to the hardship of being removed to the District of Columbia to stand trial upon an indictment which affirmatively shows that no crime has been committed.
The government, on the other hand, insists that Rev. Stat. 104, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 55, is constitutional, and that Congress may provide for the punishment of witnesses who, in answer to a question propounded by its authority, fail to make noncriminatory disclosures and furnish information deemed necessary as a basis for legislation.
These important and far-reaching questions, though elaborately argued, should not be decided on this record, in view of the rule, relied on by the government, that such issues must primarily be determined by the trial court.
The petitioner, however, relying specially on Greene v. Henkel, 183 U.S. 261 , 46 L. ed. 189, 22 Sup. Ct. Rep. 218; Beavers v. Henkel, 194 U.S. 73 , 48 L. ed. 882, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 605; Tinsley v. Treat, 205 U.S. 20 , 51 L. ed. 689, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep. 430, claims that, as this is a removal case, with the special hardships attendant thereon, it is to be distinguished from those in which the foregoing rule has been announced.
When a person under arrest applies for discharge on [235 U.S. 219, 228] writ of habeas corpus the issue presented is whether he is unlawfully restrained of his liberty. Rev. Stat. 752, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 592. But there is no unlawful restraint where he is held under a valid order of commitment, so that in strict logic the inquiry might extend to the legal sufficiency of the order. In view, however, of the nature of the writ and of the character of the detention under a warrant, no hard and fast rule has been announced as to how far the court will go in passing upon questions raised in habeas corpus proceedings. In cases which involve a conflict of jurisdiction between state and Federal authorities, or where the treaty rights and obligations of the United States are involved, and in that class of cases pointed out in Ex parte Royall, 117 U.S. 241 , 29 L. ed. 868, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 734; Ex parte Lange, 18 Wall. 163, 21 L. ed. 872; New York v. Eno, 155 U.S. 89 , 39 L. ed. 80, 15 Sup. Ct. Rep. 30; Re Loney, 134 U.S. 372 , 33 L. ed. 949, 10 Sup. Ct. Rep. 584, the court hearing the application will carefully inquire into any matter involving the legality of the detention, and remand or discharge, as the facts may require. But, barring such exceptional cases, the general rule is that, on such applications, the hearing should be confined to the single question of jurisdiction, and even that will not be decided in every case in which it is raised. For otherwise the 'habeas corpus courts could thereby draw to themselves, in the first instance, the control of all prosecutions in state and Federal courts.' To establish a general rule that the courts on habeas corpus, and in advance of trial, should determine every jurisdictional question, would interfere with the administration of the criminal law and afford a means by which, with the existing right of appeal, delay could be secured when the Constitution contemplates that there shall be a speedy trial, both in the interest of the public, and as a right to the defendant.
The question has been before this court in many cases-some on original application and others on writ of error; in proceedings which began after arrest and before commitment; after commitment and before conviction; after [235 U.S. 219, 229] conviction and before review. The applications were based on the ground of the insufficiency of the charge, the insufficiency of the evidence, or the unconstitutionality of the statute, state or Federal, on which the charge was based. In some of the cases the applicants have advanced the same arguments that are here pressed, including that of the hardship of being taken to a distant state for trial upon an indictment alleged to be void.
But in all these instances, and notwithstanding the variety of forms in which the question has been presented, the court, with the exceptions named, has uniformly held that the hearing on habeas corpus is not in the nature of a writ of error, nor is it intended as a substitute for the functions of the trial court. Manifestly, this is true as to disputed questions of fact, and it is equally so as to disputed matters of law, whether they relate to the sufficiency of the indictment or the validity of the statute on which the charge is based. These and all other controverted matters of law and fact are for the determination of the trial court. If the objections are sustained or if the defendant is acquitted, he will be discharged. If they are overruled and he is convicted, he has his right of review (Kaizo v. Henry, 211 U.S. 148 , 53 L. ed. 125, 29 Sup. Ct. Rep. 41). The rule is the same whether he is committed for trial in a court within the district, or held under a warrant of removal to another state. He cannot, in either case, anticipate the regular course of proceeding by alleging a want of jurisdiction, and demanding a ruling thereon in habeas corpus proceedings. Glasgow v. Moyer, 225 U.S. 420 , 53 L. ed. 125, 29 Sup. Ct. Rep. 41; Re Gregory, 219 U.S. 210 , 55 L. ed. 184, 31 Sup. Ct. Rep. 143; Ex parte Simon, 208 U.S. 144 , 52 L. ed. 429, 28 Sup. Ct. Rep. 238; Johnson v. Hoy, 227 U.S. 245 , 57 L. ed. 497, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep. 240; Urquhart v. Brown, 205 U.S. 179 , 51 L. ed. 760, 27 Sup. Ct. Rep. 459; Hyde v. Shine, 199 U.S. 63 , 50 L. ed. 91, 25 Sup. Ct. Rep. 760; Beavers v. Henkel, 194 U.S. 73 , 48 L. ed. 882, 24 Sup. Ct. Rep. 605; Riggins v. United States, 199 U.S. 551 , 50 L. ed. 305, 26 Sup. Ct. Rep. 144; Ex parte Royall, 117 U.S. 241 , 29 L. ed. 868, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 734.
The last of these decisions is particularly in point, not only because of the applicability of its reasoning to the [235 U.S. 219, 230] present case, but because of the fact that the writ was there denied, even though the statute, on which the charge was based, was ultimately held to be void. Royall v. Virginia, 121 U.S. 104 , 30 L. ed. 883, 7 Sup. Ct. Rep. 826; 116 U.S. 579, 583 , 29 S. L. ed. 737, 738, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 510; 125 U.S. 697 , 31 L. ed. 855, 8 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1392
The cases cited do not, of course, lead to the conclusion that a citizen can be held in custody or removed for trial where there was no provision of the common law or statute making an offense of the acts charged. In such case the committing court would have no jurisdiction, the prisoner would be in custody without warrant of law, and therefore entitled to his discharge. Greene v. Henkel, 183 U.S. 261 , 46 L. ed. 189, 22 Sup. Ct. Rep. 218. But the presumption is in favor of the validity of every act of Congress, and it would not be proper for the committing magistrate to treat as invalid a statutory declaration of what should constitute an offense, except in those rare and extreme cases in which the act was plainly and palpably void.
Neither the issue nor the basis of the decision is changed when the person held under the warrant applies to a district judge for discharge on writ of habeas corpus. So, likewise, the same issue and the same rule of decision must govern when the case is here on appeal from the order of the habeas corpus tribunal. It follows, therefore, that this court should not on this record pass on the jurisdictional questions presented. They, like all other controverted issues in the case, are for the determination of the courts of the District of Columbia when the defendant is therein put to his trial.
Judgment affirmed.
Mr. Justice McReynolds took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
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Recycling the 'Unrecyclable': A New Class of Thermoset Plastics (Op-Ed)
This article was originally published at The Conversation. The publication contributed the article to Live Science's Expert Voices: Op-Ed & Insights.
Plastics comprise around 10% of solid waste in Australia. And while we can recycle certain types, there is a group of particularly stable plastics called thermosets, common in electronic devices, which can't be broken down and recycled – until now.
In a paper published in Science today, researchers describe a way to manufacture recyclable thermosets, thus allowing the plastics to be broken down and reformed.
So what is a thermoset, and what makes it so difficult to recycle? First, let's examine the properties of traditionally recyclable plastics – thermoplastics – and compare them to thermosets.
Thermoplastics – such as plastic milk bottles, Lego bricks and guitar picks – can be melted and reshaped repeatedly. If you hold a flame to a plastic milk bottle, it will warp and melt (although I recommend against doing so as the fumes aren't very good for you).
But thermosets – found in kitchen utensils (think of a plastic spatula) and in electronic components such as circuit boards – retain their strength and shape even when heated, making them ideal for the production of permanent components with large, solid shapes.
This ability to withstand heat is due to the "curing" step in manufacturing – such as heating, pressure and adding catalysts – which changes the state of the material at the molecular level.
As a result of curing, molecular chains in a thermoset are chemically bonded into exceptionally strong cross-linked networks. These prevent a thermoset object from melting as a thermoplastic would; when thermosets are heated, they crack or become charred.
Most common types of thermosets include epoxies, phenolics, polyesters and silicones. In general, thermosets are known for their good adhesion, high chemical and heat resistance and excellent mechanical and electrical insulating properties.
Because of these superior properties, thermosets are used in a broad range of applications in the microelectronics, transportation and aerospace industries, as well as in varnishes and glues.
Thermosets resist heat much better than thermoplastics.
Breaking down the unbreakable
The authors of today's Science paper created recyclable thermosets called poly(hexahydrotriazine)s (PHTs) which break down in strong acid. The pure monomers (single small molecules of the plastic material) were recovered and reused (polymerised) to make new products.
The properties of PHTs were similar to those of the traditional, unrecyclable thermosets: rigid, heat-resistant and chemically stable and displaying excellent resistance to solvents and environmental stress, especially when reinforced with carbon nanotubes.
Moreover, by varying the combinations and compositions of the monomers used in their reactions, the researchers were able to produce elastic gels with self-healing properties. These gels can also be broken down in strong acid.
This work is an important advance as thermosets have long been considered impossible to recycle.
Depending on the manufacturing process, substances can yield both thermoset and thermoplastic products:
- paraformaldehyde is commonly used for manufacturing of thermosets such as phenolics, and thermoplastic polyoxymethylene (POM). POM is used in precision parts and high performance engineering components such as small gear wheels and ball bearings
- aromatic and aliphatic amines are used for production of thermoset benzoxazine resins, which are then used for manufacturing products such as high-temperature composites and electronic components. These amines are also raw materials used for producing thermoplastics including aromatic nylons for manufacturing high–strength Kevlar fibres (such as those found in some bullet-proof vests).
Simply using different combinations of monomers provides an extremely versatile materials platform. The polymerisation process reported in Science today is based on the well-understood reaction of amines with paraformaldehyde to prepare a new class of thermosets.
This method can be easily used on a wider scale with the existing facility and equipment in the resin industry. It is both technically feasible and inexpensive to produce these recyclable thermosets at the commercial scale.
These novel thermosets would replace existing thermosets in many applications such as in modern electronic devices, as well as applications in the automotive and aerospace industries.
But most importantly, the majority of products made with traditional thermosets go to landfill. If this research is implemented widely, we'll see fewer thermosets in landfill and more being recycled, just like thermoplastics.
Qipeng Guo receives funding from the Australian Research Council through its Discovery Projects and from The Advanced Manufacturing CRC in partnership with The Victorian Centre for Advanced Materials Manufacturing and VR TEK Global Pty Ltd.
This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article. Follow all of the Expert Voices issues and debates — and become part of the discussion — on Facebook, Twitter and Google +. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. This version of the article was originally published on Live Science.
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