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Chicken or the Gays: Make a Choice About Eating Chick-fil-A
If they gave a Pulitzer Prize for waffling, this piece from the Washington City Paper last week might have won it. In it, food editor Chris Shott spends several hundred words pondering whether a person who is not a homophobe can in good conscience eat at Chick-fil-A, the Atlanta-based fast-food chain and purveyor of those dumbass cow ads. Chick-fil-A's nonprofit arm, the WinShape Foundation, has for years donated millions to anti-gay Christian groups like Focus on the Family, which once warned Americans, "[T]he homosexual agenda is a beast."
Dan Cathy, Chick-fil-A's CEO, hasn't even made an effort to sooth his many critics. In early 2011, when it was discovered that a Chick-fil-A operator had donated free food to a conference dedicated to marriage under "God's design," Cathy responded by offering this paradox: "[W]e will not champion any political agendas on marriage and family. This decision has been made, and we understand the importance of it. At the same time, we will continue to offer resources to strengthen marriages and families."
Do you have any idea what that means? I don't. Regardless, Shott concludes that a progressive person can indeed eat at Chick-fil-A-they just need to find an elaborate way to support gay rights, too:
I like this approach: A friend of mine, Trey Pollard, offers a clever-albeit slightly more costly-way to offset the karma of his chicken sandwich purchases. He now matches every dollar he spends on food at Chick-fil-A with an equal donation to an organization that supports gay rights, either the national Human Rights Campaign, or an outfit right in Chick-fil-A's backyard, Georgia Equality.
That's not a clever solution, though. Clever would indicate some sense of ingenuity or wit. Giving money to gay groups after giving other money to enemies of gay groups is a plain old guilt management cop-out. If you'd really like to support gays and lesbians in a world lousy with Chick-fil-As, how about this tactic instead: From now on, don't fucking eat at Chick-fil-A if you are a person who believes gays are equal to you and deserving of equal treatment under the law. No equivocating and no buying back karma with pity donations to gay-rights groups. Simply avoid the chain for as long as it upholds its homophobic ties. Full stop.
Is this really that hard to do? Is Chick-fil-A so delicious that people are willing to ignore their most cherished principles in order to eat a couple handfuls of its sodium-drenched chicken wads? I haven't eaten Chick-fil-A in about a decade, but the last time I did, I don't remember it being all that spectacular. The meat was average and the buns were soggy, soaked through with butter and brine from anemic pickle discs. It certainly wasn't good enough food to get me to forsake my belief that gays and lesbians should be allowed to marry. Which is why, when I found out Chick-fil-A's Southern Baptist leaders believed otherwise, I stopped eating there and started eating at the thousands of other places that serve greasy, hastily made, inexpensive sandwiches.
I told a friend that he should boycott Chick-fil-A and he sneered. "Those guys are making billions of dollars," he said. "You think it matters to them if they don't get your and my eight bucks?" It's an interesting mentality many people have begun to adopt: Why bother fighting with the rich and powerful when, ultimately, they're going to remain rich and powerful?
For his part, Dan Cathy continues earning lots of money at Chick-fil-A, where the "Corporate Purpose" is still "to glorify God by being a faithful steward of all that is entrusted to us." And that purpose continues to partially translate to Cathy and his company putting their support and efforts behind "the Biblical definition of marriage." So important is marriage and the Sabbath to Cathy that he demands that all his restaurants close on Sundays so people can spend time with their families and God. When Cathy bows his head, I wonder if he thanks the Lord for all the liberals who will turn the other cheek and fork over millions for his wares come Monday.
A lot of people are homophobic, but not all of those people use their businesses to directly and outspokenly promote intolerance the way Chick-fil-A has. As much as you can, you should eschew known bigots' establishments if you don't agree with bigotry, even if that means swearing off the convenience of a particular brand of fast-food chicken. If you find that it's impossible to stop eating at Chick-fil-A despite your deeply rooted pro-LGBT values, perhaps those values aren't as deep-seated as you think.
Image by Jim Cooke.
Cord Jefferson is the senior editor at GOOD magazine. He doesn't even eat chicken anymore, perhaps making this all moot.


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Time to catch up every other city in the USA!!
Portland's Bike Boulevards Become Neighborhood Greenways from Streetfilms on Vimeo.
Portland's Bike Boulevards Become Neighborhood Greenways from Streetfilms on Vimeo.
Have you ever ridden Bryant Street in Palo Alto? It's a rare bike boulevard and it's an absolute dream. At this time of the year you'll travel past beautiful houses down tree-lined streets showing off their fall colors. I highly recommend it.ReplyDelete
I have never been riding in Palo Alto, although I have wanted to for awhile.ReplyDelete
I like Palo Alto. though I dont bike as much around there, there is that one coffee place called cafe del doge - I like it =)ReplyDelete
Woohoo! Go Portland!
Living from Portland, I can attest to how simple these changes really are. They're very cheap for the city & taxpayers, and most anti-bicycle folks (who normally complain about cycle tracks and what-not) don't seem to mind these boulevards.
I'm originally from the Bay Area and have spent time in SF and have seen some of the neighborhoods that would really benefit from this treatment.
I envy Portland so much. I've seen so many videos about that wonderful city and I just wish Miami could be like that.ReplyDelete

subset: commoncrawl


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Bridging the gap between science, technology and commercialization will be the focal point for the Nano and Green Technology Conference and Symposium during the 2009 Chem Show at New York's Javits Convention Center, November 17-19.
Created specifically for the show by Innovative Research and Products (iRAP) and designed to help CPI professionals around the world better understand the benefits of the emerging technologies, the Nano and Green Conference & Symposium will provide insights into nanotechnology and its impact on green processing.
"Nanotechnology is being increasingly used to benefit the new generation green technologies including fuel cells, batteries, solar cells, new generation coatings to prevent heat losses, more efficient chemical processing techniques including filtration and catalysis, and less electronic devices that consume less power," said Dr. Thomas Abraham, president of Innovative Research and Products and Chairman of the symposium.
The conference will focus on colloids and surface modifications benefiting nanotechnology applications, nanoparticle synthesis, and nano-bio convergence and their emerging technologies and markets. It will feature cutting-edge research in nano and green technologies and commercialization from some of the world's leading colloid and nano scientists, technologists, and business leaders.
Additionally, programming will provide attendees with insights into how these technologies are being implemented in the marketplace. A variety of conference sessions will take place during the Nano and Green Technology Conference & Symposium, including:
• Nano 101 – Colloids and Surfaces, Nanoparticle Synthesis and Processing
• Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials – Emerging Application, Market Trends and
Economic Impact
• Emerging Developments in Colloid Science and Surface Modification Technologies
Benefiting Nanotechnology Applications
• Nanomaterials and Chemicals for Nanotechnology Applications
• Nano-Bio Convergence
• Emerging Laboratory Technologies I Related to Colloids, Nanoparticles, Nano-Engineered Materials and Green Technologies Potential for Commercialization (I & II)
• Inaugural Keynote Address presented by Dr. Thomas Abraham, program chairman and president, iRAP Inc., Stamford, CT.
"Nano and green technology are among the hottest topics within the CPI industry," said the president of IEC, Clay Stevens. "We want to help our attendees stay on the cutting-edge of this rapidly expanding and innovative technology."
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems on the molecular scale. It refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products.
For information, visit www.chemshow.com.
Nano and Green Technologies to Highlight Chem Show
Article-Nano and Green Technologies to Highlight Chem Show
Bridging the gap between science, technology and commercialization will be the focal point for the Nano and Green Technology Conference and Symposium during the 2009 Chem Show at New York's Javits Convention Center, November 17-19.


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Can Tsgabu Grmay win a first Tour de France for Africa?
Last updated on .From the section Cycling
Tsgabu Grmay dreams of becoming the first African winner of the Tour de France and the 21-year-old Ethiopian's impressive showing at the African Cycling Championships suggests it is far from an impossible dream.
Grmay won gold in the under-23 individual time trial in Burkina Faso and also finished second overall in the senior standings.
And while he said his silver medal in the seniors came as a major shock, many of his coaches and team managers told me they were not surprised.
Grmay is a product of the World Cycling Centre, a body which receives the majority of its funding from the sport's world governing body, the UCI, and the Olympic movement.
Think of it as a training college for riders with the potential to step up to the professional ranks - they're invited from across the continent to the centre's African base in Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Jean-Pierre van Zyl, a former Olympian, is the centre's director. Part of what he does is to prepare young riders for life on the European circuit.
How African riders adapt to that cultural shift is crucial. While I was in Burkina Faso, I saw Eritrea's Daniel Teklehaimanot ride and win as temperatures hit 46C - very different from life at the World Cycling Centre in Switzerland where he needed long gloves and leg-warmers in conditions considered "normal" by his European team-mates.
Cycling is all about teamwork, and there is now an African team with enough financial backing and ambition to seriously mount a challenge for cycling's biggest prize.
South Africa-based MTN-Qhubeka also has strong links with the World Cycling Centre, creating a route to success for a rider as promising as Grmay. MTN is the commercial sponsor, while Qhubeka is a non-government organisation which provides bicycles for African children in rural communities.
African athletes, born and trained at altitude, have dominated middle and long distance running for decades. But why have those conditions not already helped the continent produce cyclists capable of winning the Tour de France?
When I spoke to the leading African riders, coaches and team managers they told me it was more complex than that. To suggest a runner could just jump on a bike ignores the importance of tactics and technique.
Van Zyl says these "aren't acquired during your first season. [A rider] can be strong on the bike, but if [he and his team does not] have tactics, he can't win".
So when will an African win the Tour? The least optimistic forecast, "not in my lifetime", was from the Namibian Cycling Federation president Mannie Heymans; but the general consensus was that the continent could produce a winner within the next decade.
There were those at the African Championships, like UCI president Pat McQuaid, who made the point that Chris Froome, who came second in the 2012 Tour de France, is Kenyan-born and "very proud of his African heritage".
Sky rider Froome even went to a World Championship with Kenya, but these days he represents Great Britain.
What about an African with home-grown coaching and finance behind him?
Grmay was the only rider I spoke to who, rather than tell me he wanted to participate or win a stage on the Tour de France, said he would aim to win it outright.
And, at 21, he has got plenty of time to learn from his mistakes.
In his first interview as a professional cyclist, he told me he wants to be as famous back home as his legendary Ethiopian compatriot, runner Haile Gebrselassie.
Grmay's potential has certainly been recognised. Of 500 cyclists who have passed through the World Cycling Centre's African satellite, nobody has impressed Van Zyl as much.
"Some champions," he said of the Ethiopian, "are born, not made."


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3D Gospel – March 23, 2014
The Gospel is 3D! This series addresses the three biggest distortions that come as a result of sin; guilt, shame, and fear. Until we see sin through the lens of the Gospel we can't see life clearly. Sin blurs our vision of life but the Gospel makes it crystal clear.
The 3D Gospel brings hope and healing that allows us to live a full and fulfilling life. Join us as we discover how the 3D Gospel can bring things back into focus.


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Combined with a pattern, you will get -20% discount on each pattern!
Beautiful Gradient Yarn, made of fine wool.
The delivery time is a maximum of 3 weeks after receipt of payment. Each Funny Hooks Bobbel is specially wrapped to order. Special sales will take place on the Funny Hooks Facebook group.
I use yarns made of 50% cotton / 50% polyacrylic from TVU Garnvertrieb for the Funny Hooks Bobbel.
- The yarns are ÖKOTEX certified according to Standard 100, also for baby articles, product class 1
- Thread strength NM 30/2
- Can be washed in the washing machine at up to 30°C
- Recommended needle size 2.5mm to 6mm depending on your crochet style
Shipping costs within Austria are currently EUR 4.90
From a value of EUR 75.00 I ship free of charge within Austria.
Shipping costs to Germany EUR 10.00
From EUR 140.00 value of goods I ship to Germany free of charge.
Shipping is with Österreichische Post AG, you will receive a tracking number immediately after shipping.
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Retail has come a long way. In just the last decade, we've gone from clunky cash registers and being buried under a never-ending pile of paperwork to using a single gadget to sell anywhere.
With today's evolving retail technology, retailers can run their entire store with nothing more than a tablet or smartphone.
Using a mobile device, a robust point-of-sale software like Shopify POS, and a few retailer apps, merchants can process transactions in their storefront or on the go at pop-ups, markets, fairs, and festivals.
In other words: you're able to manage your retail business from anywhere, at any time.
But which retailer apps will help merchants the most with day-to-day tasks? This guide shares 21 of the best retail apps that'll save you time and money.
Table of Contents
Note: Although most of these retailer apps are free to download, some are free to use and others require a paid subscription plan for use after a free trial period.
Best apps for managing your store
Shopify POS
Pricing: Free
Accepting payments and selling your products offline and online shouldn't be a hassle. Shopify Point of Sale (POS) seamlessly integrates with your ecommerce store so your products, orders, and customers are always in sync—regardless of where you're selling.
Merchants can also take advantage of robust reports and easy integration with all the necessary hardware to make running your store easier than ever.
This app is great when I am selling at craft shows and other on-site galas! Easy to use and helps me keep track of items sold.
Get started with Shopify POS
Only Shopify gives you all the tools you need to manage your business, market to customers, and sell everywhere in one place. Unify in-store and online sales today.
Pricing: Free
Track employee working hours using Staffy's POS system integration. It's ideal for retail stores that need to manage the schedules of several team members
The hardware comes with a mobile app for staff to tap in and out. You can also schedule their working hours, track employees' sales commission, and approve timesheets. All of that data gets imported into your payroll software.
Pricing: Free
Do you know how many people visit your retail store each day? Uncover those insights with Dor. Its thermal-sensing camera hooks onto the entrance door of your retail location and tracks how many people visit.
The best part? Dor integrates with your Shopify POS equipment so you can compare foot traffic with real revenue. You'll uncover insights like the time of day purchase-ready customers visit—even what weather causes an uplift in retail sales.
Pricing: Free
One of the most important decisions you'll make about your storefront is your store layout. But it's often difficult for merchants to envision how you'll optimize your space. That's where magicplan can help.
Using augmented reality, merchants can create professional floor plans simply by taking pictures. Use magicplan to generate complete job estimates, view your space in 3D, plan DIY projects, or furnish your space.
Pricing: Free
When it comes to running your business, your bottom line needs to be top of mind for your retail store to thrive. With the Xero app, accounting functions and financial reporting help you gain revenue transparency.
Merchants can perform a number of key financial functions right from their mobile device, including viewing all accounts, creating and sending invoices, automating order exports, and a great deal more.
Pricing: Free
Need to sign a document without wanting to print it first, then sign it, scan it, and finally email it back? With the DocuSign app, merchants can prepare and send documents for signature, complete in-person signing, and get instant visibility into document status directly from their smartphone or tablet.
That means it's easier for retailers to go paperless while still accessing a quick and secure way to sign contracts and send off vendor agreements for a signature.
Pricing: $99/month per location.
The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the way consumers shop. Caution over visiting stores means people are shopping online. Hero brings those beloved real-life store experiences online.
With Hero, online shoppers can ask questions about a product, see a 360-degree view of it, and check availability—all without having to visit a store to see it in the flesh.
Pricing: Free
Do you offer appointments to customers? Whether you're doing Zoom consultations or arranging an in-store private shopping experience, Sesami's retail app makes it easy to schedule them in—without double booking.
Sesami integrates with Google Calendar and Zoom, along with Shopify POS. That means you can schedule appointments with customers wherever you are—both online and offline.
Pricing: From $19/month. Free 14-day trial available.
If the price of your products depends on their weight, you'll need Filijoy. It's a retail app that works with a scale so you can weigh an item, calculate its price, and charge a customer through Shopify POS.
It's a must-have app for grocery stores, pet food retailers, butcher shops, and any other businesses that price items based on weight.
Best apps for discoverability
Pricing: Free
The checkout page is arguably one of the most important pages on any retailer's website. These days, consumers want fast and easy checkout processes. Shop Pay delivers that. It stores a customers' purchase history (including their credit card information) so they can checkout at the click of a button…even if they've never ordered from you before.
Shop Pay is the fastest and best-converting checkout process you can give your customers. Sites using Shop Pay have a 1.72x higher checkout-to-order rate than those going through regular checkouts.
(That's especially important if you're relying on mobile commerce. The checkout-to-order rate on mobile sites using Shop Pay is 1.91x higher than traditional checkout.)
Shop's mobile app also gives customers real-time order tracking and a list of bestselling products from the shops they follow. Retailers have the power to manage the entire post-purchase journey using push notifications to drive future sales. No wonder it's the third most popular shopping app in the US.
Google My Business
Pricing: Free
A third of US consumers use the internet to find local businesses on a daily basis, using queries like "groceries near me." The vast majority (76%) of those local searches result in a purchase within 24 hours.
Google My Business' mobile app helps you to reach those local shoppers and drive them to your brick-and-mortar store. With it, you can customize your business listing on the go and:
- Update your opening hours
- Post special offers and in-store flash sales
- Share customer photos
Google & YouTube app
Pricing: Free
Search engines are the first port of call for 48% of online shoppers when they're looking for product information. The Google & YouTube app allows you to pay to reach them, so you'll appear in the list of top results, even if your organic SEO strategy doesn't get you there.
With this app, you can list products for free on Google Shopping. You can also run Google PPC campaigns and adjust budgets, without leaving your Shopify dashboard.
Facebook channel
Pricing: Free
Capture the billions of consumers actively using social media with this retail app. Facebook channel integrates with Facebook Shops and Instagram Shopping, so your inventory is accurate and up to date across both.
Facebook channel also helps retailers build an audience. You'll be open for business on two of the biggest social media platforms in the world—and manage those orders through your Shopify storefront.
SMSBump SMS Marketing
Pricing: Free
There are several ways to communicate with existing and potential customers: email, social media, and live chat, to name a few. SMS marketing, however, trumps all of them when it comes to open rates, with 42% of business text messages being opened.
SMSBump is a great app to send those messages to your audience. The platform is GDPR and TCPA compliant and integrates with your POS. That means anyone who enters their phone number in-store or online can automatically receive SMS marketing messages.
Best apps for inventory management
Pricing: Free
Inventory management is one of the trickiest things about running a retail business. Stocky shows you what you have in stock, what's running low, and which items need replenishing.
Stocky also shows your bestselling products in its app dashboard, alongside how many are left in stock. It'll help you spot any upcoming shortages, so your most popular products are always available to purchase.
Low Stock - Back in Stock Pro
Pricing: Free
Experiencing a stockout? Low Stock is a Shopify app that shows a reminder button for products that are out of stock. A customer enters their email address and gets a reminder (or push notification) when it's back and available to purchase. No more lost sales.
Freshly Commerce
Pricing: Free
Retailers who sell perishable goods need to keep a closer eye on their stock. Food and drink items, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals all have expiration dates and can't be sold once that date arrives.
Freshly Commerce highlights the perishable goods with upcoming expiration dates. You can use the insights to prioritize which products need selling first, and fulfil orders using the first-expire, first-out (FEFO) method. Freshly Commerce also helps you track recalled products based on their batch number, should you need to.
Best apps for conversion and retention
Pricing: Free
Not only is it important to introduce your brand to new customers, it's also important to find ways to keep existing ones. That's where loyalty programs can help. According to data from Nielsen, 84% of consumers are more likely to choose retailers that offer a loyalty program.
Sold on the idea? Smile is a retailer app that offers merchants a comprehensive customer loyalty and referral program. Reward your customers with points, discounts, gift cards, or coupons for various activities like:
- Referring a friend
- Social shares and follows
- Purchases
- Birthday rewards
Change Commerce
Pricing: Free
The cost of a product is still important to 44% of consumers. But more people say other attributes like being environmentally friendly (71%), socially responsible (68%), and giving back to the community (68%) are most important.
Change Commerce is a simple mobile app that supports these causes. It asks customers whether they'd like to round up the cost of their order to the nearest dollar, with those extra cents going toward a charity the retail business supports.
Gift Reggie
Pricing: From $9 per month. Free 30-day trial available.
For merchants with products that make great gifts, one of the ways to encourage gift-giving is with a registry. But creating your own gift registry or wish list solution from scratch can seem a bit daunting to stretched-thin merchants. Instead, try Gift Reggie.
Gift Reggie is a retailer app that allows your customers to create a custom registry of your products and share it with their friends and family.
Find the right apps for your retail store
Shopify apps can unlock new functionalities that optimize your site for a better customer experience and more sales.
While the apps above are some of the best free apps available in the Shopify App Store, there are plenty more: including email marketing, product upsell, and time management apps, to name a few. It all comes down to finding the best app that suits your unique needs.
Visit the Shopify App Store to browse even more retail mobile apps by use case, and share your favorites in the comments. Happy selling!
Try Shopify POS for omnichannel selling
Bring your in-store and online sales together with Shopify POS. Gain insights about your business from one view so you can work smarter, move faster, and think bigger.


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Haultain wrote to Rudyard Kipling, who had made reference to the work of engineers in some of his poems and writings. He asked Kipling for his assistance in developing a suitably dignified obligation and ceremony for its undertaking. Kipling was very enthusiastic in his response and shortly produced both an obligation and a ceremony formally entitled "The Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer."
The object of the Ritual can be stated as follows: The Ritual of the Calling of an Engineer has been instituted with the simple end of directing the newly qualified engineer toward a consciousness of the profession and its social significance and indicating to the more experienced engineer their responsibilities in welcoming and supporting the newer engineers when they are ready to enter the profession.
The Ritual is administered by a body called The Corporation of the Seven Wardens Inc./Société des Sept Gardiens inc. The seven past-presidents of the Engineering Institute of Canada in 1922 were the original seven Wardens. The Corporation is responsible for administering and maintaining the Ritual and in order to do so creates Camps in various locations in Canada. The Ritual is not connected with any university or any engineering organization; the Corporation is an entirely independent body. The Ritual has been copyrighted in Canada and in the United States.
The Iron Ring has been registered and may be worn on the little finger of the working hand by any engineer who has been obligated at an authorized ceremony of the Ritual of the Calling of the Engineer. The ring symbolizes the pride which engineers have in their profession, while simultaneously reminding them of their humility. The ring serves as a reminder to the engineer and others of the engineer's obligation to live by a high standard of professional conduct. It is not a symbol of qualification as an engineer - this is determined by the provincial and territorial licensing bodies.
(Original text by Camp No. 1, Toronto)


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If your gut ecology is optimal, your overall health and wellness will follow, including weight loss.
How can you effectively lose the weight you gained over the holidays?
Are you eating because you're hungry? Or, are your cravings taking over your body?
Eating mindfully can get you out of that "good food/bad food" mindset.
The weight loss concept of "eat less, move more" is a myth. Which foods should you be eating?
Not all calories are created equal.


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The Federal Reserve's chief policymaking group, the Federal Open Market Committee, has vast power over the economy through its ability to set monetary policy.
Here is a look at how the FOMC operates.
Q: What is the FOMC's primary role?
A: Its mission is to keep the economy, inflation and employment on a healthy track. When the economy weakens, Fed policymakers cut interest rates or keep them low. The lower interest rates are aimed at promoting increased borrowing and spending by consumers and businesses to spur economic growth.
When the economy grows so fast that inflation becomes a threat, Fed policymakers raise rates or keep them high. That makes it costlier for people to get loans and means less borrowing and spending. Economic activity slows and inflation pressures ease.
Q: How does the FOMC move interest rates?
A: Its policymakers decide whether to buy securities from banks. The banks sell those securities to the Fed and receive money from the Fed which they can use to make more loans. That acts to lower the interest that banks charge for those loans. Conversely, if the Fed wants to raise interest rates, it sells Treasury securities to the banks, pulling money out of the financial system and raising the cost for loans. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York is responsible for conducting these operations.
Q: Who's on the FOMC?
A: It's composed of:
— The Fed's Board of Governors in Washington, which has seven members.
— The president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
— Four of the remaining 11 presidents of the Fed's regional banks. They serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
The current roster of voting members: Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke, Vice Chairwoman Janet Yellen, and Fed Governors Elizabeth Duke, Jerome Powell, Sarah Bloom Raskin, Jeremy Stein and Daniel Tarullo, all based in Washington; William Dudley, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; Jeffrey Lacker, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond; Sandra Pianalto, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland; Dennis Lockhart, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; and John Williams, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
Q: How often does the FOMC meet?
A: It regularly meets eight times a year at the Fed's Washington headquarters. During the financial crisis, the FOMC also held emergency meetings, mostly by video conference. It also began holding some of its meetings over two days rather than one to allow more time for discussion. Last month, the Fed said that for the rest of this year and next year, all its meetings will last two days.
Q: Why are most of the FOMC's rate decisions issued around 2:15 p.m.?
A: Having a consistent time helps investors digest and react to the Fed's policy decisions. Issuing decisions when the markets are open gives Fed policymakers instant feedback from investors.
Q: Why are some of the FOMC's rate decisions issued around 12:30 p.m.?
A: For the first time in the Fed's history, Bernanke last year began conducting regularly scheduled news conferences to discuss the Fed's economic forecasts. Bernanke now holds four news conferences a year, following the meetings where the Fed updates its forecasts. On days, like Wednesday, when Bernanke holds a news conference, the Fed's rate decision is announced at 12:30 p.m. instead of 2:15 p.m.
Q: How are the FOMC's rate decisions approved?
A: By a majority of the 12 voting members. Unlike the Supreme Court, close votes on the FOMC are rare. It might unnerve financial markets if investors felt that the Fed chairman was unable to command widespread support for his policies.
Twice last year, three members dissented from the Fed's policy statement. It was the most dissenters in nearly 20 years. The three opposed the Fed's efforts to keep rates at super-lows, for fear it could ignite inflation. Those three are no longer voting members.
Q: How are Fed officials selected?
A: The president nominates the Fed chairman and his colleagues on the board of governors in Washington. They must be confirmed by the Senate. The presidents of the 12 regional Fed banks are appointed by each bank's board of directors, with approval from the Fed's board.
The Dodd-Frank law revamping the nation's financial system bars bankers who sit on the regional boards from voting for the regional bank president. Other local business people serving on the boards still retain their vote. This change was made to address concerns about potential conflicts of interest between the Fed and banks which are regulated by the Fed.
Q: How and why was the Fed created?
A: Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act in 1913. The legislation was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on Dec. 23, 1913. The Fed began operating in 1914. It was created in response to a series of bank panics that plagued the United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Those panics led to bank failures and business bankruptcies that roiled the economy.


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Leatherstocking and the Problem of Social Order
Although Boone was not exactly the prototype of Cooper's Leatherstocking, there is a haunting similarity between the two figures. Cooper based a part of chapters X and XII of The Last of the Mohicans on a well-known exploit of Boone in conducting the rescue of Betsey and Fanny Callaway and Jemima Boone, his daughter, from the Cherokees.1 Betsey Callaway, like Cora Munro in Cooper's novel, tried to aid her rescuers by breaking twigs to mark the trail, and was detected by her Indian guards.2 The rescue also furnished Cooper with several other details for his story.3
Near the opening of The Prairie Cooper sets his stage by describing the migration of Americans from Ohio and Kentucky across the Mississippi immediately after the Louisiana Purchase. Although Boone actually settled in Missouri in 1799, Cooper names him among the emigrants of 1804:
This adventurous and venerable patriarch was now seen making his last remove, placing the "endless river" between him and the multitude, his own success had drawn around him, and seeking for the renewal of enjoyments which were rendered worthless in his eyes, when trammeled by the forms of human institutions.4
In a footnote added to the revised edition, Cooper elaborates this passage with the remark that Boone emigrated beyond the Mississippi "because he found a population) of ten to the square mile, inconvenient."5 The aged Leatherstocking has likewise "been driven by the increasing and unparalleled advance of population,
to seek a final refuge against society in the broad and tenantless plains of the west ...." 6
The similarities between Boone and Leatherstocking were analyzed at length by a perceptive writer in Niles' Register in 1825, when Leatherstocking had appeared in only one novel, The Pioneers. The critic points out that both these heroes love the freedom of the forest, both take a passionate delight in hunting, and both dislike the ordinary pursuits of civilized men. As testimony to the fidelity of Cooper's characterization, the writer quotes a letter from a traveler through the Pennsylvania mountains who came upon herdsmen and hunters reminiscent both of Boone and of Leatherstocking. One of their number, celebrated throughout the West as having once been a companion of Boone, had set out for Arkansas when he was almost a hundred years old, and was reported to be still alive, a solitary hunter in the forest. A nephew of the emigrant who remained in Pennsylvania, himself athletic and vigorous at the age of seventy, shared Leatherstocking's love of hunting and his antipathy for "clearings" to such a marked degree that the traveler felt he must have sat as a model for Cooper.7 A similar point was made by the poet Albert Pike, who after graduating from Harvard went out the Santa Fe Trail and later settled in a very primitive Arkansas. "I cannot wonder that many men have chosen to pass their life in the woods," wrote Pike in 1834, "and I see nothing overdrawn or exaggerated in the character of Hawkeye and Bushfield." He listed as the prime attractions of the lonely hunter's life its independence, its freedom from law and restraint, its lack of ceremony .8
For at least one section of the reading public, then, Leatherstocking, like Boone, was a symbol of anarchic freedom, an enemy of law and order. Did this interpretation conform to Cooper's intention in drawing the character?
The original hunter of The Pioneers (1823) clearly expresses subversive impulses. The character was conceived in terms of the antithesis between nature and civilization, between freedom and law, that has governed most American interpretations of the westward movement. Cooper was able to speak for his people on this theme because the forces at work within him closely reproduced the patterns of thought and feeling that prevailed in the society at
large. But he felt the problem more deeply than his contemporaries: he was at once more strongly devoted to the principle of social order and more vividly responsive to the ideas of nature and freedom in the Western forest than they were. His conflict of allegiances was truly irony, and if he had been able--as he was not--to explore to the end the contradiction in his ideas and emotions, the Leatherstocking series might have become a major work of art. Despite Cooper's failures, the character of Leatherstocking is by far the most important symbol of the national experience of adventure across the continent. 9 The similarities that link Leatherstocking to both the actual Boone and the various Bones of popular legend are not merely fortuitous.
The Pioneers illustrates these aspects of Cooper's work with almost naive directness. After a negligible first novel, Precaution, he had turned to the matter of the American Revolution in The Spy, which had had a sensational success. The Preface to The Pioneers, his next book, has a jaunty air bespeaking the apprentice novelist's growing confidence. Cooper announces that he is now writing to please himself alone.10 We may well believe him, for the scene is the Cooperstown of his childhood, and the character of Judge Marmaduke Temple, patron of the infant community, landed proprietor, justice of the peace, and virtual lord of the manor, has much in common with that of the novelist's father William Cooper. Not only did both William Cooper and Judge Temple buy land on the New York frontier and oversee the planting of a town on the shores of Lake Otsego; they resemble one another even in the minor detail of springing from Quaker forebears but having given up formal membership in the sect. 11 When an author turns to autobiographical material of this sort and introduces a central character resembling his father, one does not have to be very much of a Freudian to conclude that the imagination is working on a deeper level than usual. This is certainly the ease in The Pioneers.
Still very much an amateur in the externals of his craft, Cooper contrived for his story of Cooperstown a flimsy plot that hinges upon a childish misunderstanding about Judge Temple's administration of the property of his old friend Major Effingham, but the plot is merely a framework to hold together a narrative focussed
about an entirely different problem. The emotional and literary center of the story is a conflict between Judge Temple and the old hunter Leatherstocking which symbolizes the issues raised by the advance of agricultural settlement into the wilderness. In the management of this theme Cooper is at his best. From the opening scene, when Judge Temple claims as his own a deer that Leather- stocking's young companion has shot, until the moment when the Judge sentences the old hunter to a fine and imprisonment because of his resistance to legal procedures he cannot understand the narrative turns about the issue of the old forest freedom versus the new needs of a community that must establish the power of law over the individual.12 One aspect of the conflict is of course the question of a primitive free access to the bounty of nature--whether in the form of game or of land- versus individual appropriation and the whole notion of inviolable property rights. Not far in the background are the further issues of the rough equality of all men in a state of nature as against social stratification based on unequal distribution of property; and of formal institutional religion versus the natural, intuitive theology of Leatherstocking, who has little regard for theological niceties or the minutiae of ritual.
The profundity of the symbol of Leatherstocking springs from the fact that Cooper displays a genuine ambivalence toward all these issues, although in every case his strongest commitment is to the forces of order. The social compact, with all its consequences is vividly and freshly realized, as it had to be realized with every new community planted in the wilderness. And all the aspects of authority--institutional stability, organized religion class stratification, property--are exhibited as radiating from the symbol of the father. But if the father rules, and rules justly, it is still true that in this remembered world of his childhood Cooper figures as the son. Thus he is able to impart real energy to the statement of the case for defiance and revolt.
But we are not concerned with Cooper's personal relation to his materials so much as with his treatment of the themes arising from the advance of the agricultural frontier. The broader setting for the story is indicated in an exclamation of Elizabeth Temple:
"The enterprise of Judge Temple is taming the very forests How rapidly is civilization treading on the footsteps of nature!" 13 When Elizabeth, with a burst of womanly sympathy for the imprisoned Leatherstocking, declares he must be innocent because of his inherent goodness, her father makes a crucial distinction: "Thou hast reason Bess, and much of it too, but thy heart lies too near thy head." The Judge himself means to pay Leatherstocking's fine but he cannot brush aside the sentence of imprisonment which he imposed as the spokesman of necessary justice. He sends Elizabeth with a purse to visit the hunter and comfort him: . say what thou wilt to the poor old man; give scope to the feelings of thy warm heart; but try to remember, Elizabeth, that the laws alone remove us from the condition of the savages; that he has been criminal, and that his judge was thy father." 14
Another interesting scene occurs when the sonless Judge Temple invites Oliver Effingham to enter his household as a secretary. Oliver hesitates. Richard, the Judge's pompous factotum, says in an aside to Elizabeth, "This, you see cousin Bess, is the natural reluctance of a half-breed to leave the savage state. Their attachment to a wandering life is, I verily believe unconquerable." The Judge remarks that the unsettled life of a hunter "is of vast disadvantage for temporal purposes, and it totally removes one from within the influences of more sacred things." But this rouses Leatherstocking, who bursts out:
No, no, Judge... take him into your shanty in welcome, but tell him the real thing. I have lived in the woods for forty long years, and have spent five years at a time without seeing the light of a clearing, bigger than a wind- row in the trees; and I should like to know where you'll find a man, in his sixty-eighth year, who can get an easier living, for all your betterments, and your deer-laws; and, as for honesty, or doing what's right between man and man, I'll not turn my back to the longest winded deacon or your Patent.
This states the issue as succinctly as possible. Cooper is unable to solve it, and resorts to a compromise statement that represents exactly his unwillingness or inability to accept the full implications of the conflict he has stated. The Judge answers, "nodding good-naturedly at the hunter": "Thou art an exception, Leather-
stocking; for thou hast a temperance unusual in thy class, and a hardihood exceeding thy years. But this youth is made of materials too precious to be wasted in the forest." 15
The Judge's reply expresses the unfailing regard for status which qualified Cooper's attitude toward the idea of nature as a norm. Leatherstocking, noble child of the forest, is nevertheless of inferior social status; whereas even ill disguise, Oliver's gentle birth is palpable to the Judge's Falstaffian instinct. Leatherstocking began life as a servant of Major Effingham, and he is wholly illiterate. The fact that he speaks in dialect is a constant reminder of his lowly origin. It is true that the social status of the old hunter was not to prove significant during the long passages of adventure in The Last of the Mohicans and The Prairie, which deal with Indian warfare and the rescue of Cooper's distressed heroines from their captors. Here Leatherstocking's prowess with the rifle, his talents as a strategist, and his skill in following trails could be exploited with little regard for gradations in rank. But the problem of the hunter's status could not be permanently ignored. The response of readers to this symbol of forest freedom and virtue created a predicament for the novelist by revealing to him that his most vital character occupied a technically inferior position both in the social system and in the form of the sentimental novel as he was using it. The store of emotion associated with the vast wilderness in the minds of both Cooper and his audience was strikingly inharmonious with the literary framework he had adopted.
A more self-conscious or experimentally inclined writer might have found in this situation a challenge to devise a new form proceeding functionally from the materials. But Cooper was not the man to undertake a revolution, either in life or in literature. He chose a different course of action; he set about modifying the traditional form of the novel as far as he could without actually shattering it, and at the same time altering his materials as much as possible to make them fit.
Cooper's efforts to solve his problem can be traced in the last two novels of the Leatherstocking series, The Pathfinder and The Deerslayer, which appeared in 1840 and 1841. In The Prairie, published thirteen years before, he had described the death of
Leatherstocking, and had at that time meant to abandon the character forever. This decision seems to have been due in part to the technical difficulty mentioned above, for in later years Cooper told his daughter he wished he had left out of The Prairie the genteel hero and heroine, Inez de Certavallos and Captain Middleton, retaining only those characters who properly belonged to the locale.l6 But if the upper-class hero and heroine were to be omitted, and Leatherstocking was to be promoted to the post of official hero, how was the plot to be managed? It is at this point that Cooper's reluctance to break with the conventions of the sentimental novel becomes most glaringly apparent. A novel, according to canons which he considered binding, was a love story. The hero of the novel was the man who played the male lead in the courtship. If Leatherstocking was to be promoted to this rank, he must be made to fall in love with a heroine. In The Pathfinder, Cooper accordingly sets to work with great good will to exhibit Leatherstocking in love. The problem was to construct a female character, sufficiently refined and genteel to pass muster as a heroine but sufficiently low in social status to receive the addresses of the hunter and scout without a shocking and indecent violation of the proprieties.
The object of Leatherstocking's affection, Mabel Dunham, is the daughter of a sergeant--not an officer--in the British army. When she is first introduced in the company of Cap, her seafaring uncle, who occupies "a station little, if any, above that of a common mariner," Cooper is careful to point out that Mabel is "a maiden of a class in no great degree superior to his own." 17 She is, therefore, technically accessible to the lower-class Leatherstocking. But before she can qualify as a heroine Mabel has to be given some of the attributes of gentility. Cooper explains elaborately that upon the death of her mother Mabel had been taken in charge by the widow of a field-officer of her father's regiment. Under the care of this lady Mabel had acquired "some tastes, and many ideas, which otherwise might always have remained strangers to her." The results of this association
were quite apparent in her attire, her language, her sentiments, and even in her feelings, though neither, perhaps, rose to the level of those which would properly characterize a lady. She had lost the coarser
and less refined habits and manners of one in her original position without having quite reached a point that disqualified her for the situation in life that the accidents of birth and fortune would probably compel her to fill.18
In particular, Mabel had acquired a degree of sensibility that caused her to respond in approved fashion to the beauty of landscape--an index in Cooper almost as infallible as that of language for distinguishing the upper classes from the lower.
Ironically enough, the novelist's care in refining Mabel creates a fresh problem for him. The modifications of her character that qualify her for the role of heroine raise her somewhat above the actual range of Leatherstocking's manners and tastes. When Mabel's father proposes the marriage Leatherstocking is timid about it. He fears that a "poor ignorant woodsman" cannot hope to win the girl's affection. The sergeant compels the scout to admit that he is a man of experience in the wilderness, well able to provide for a wife; a veteran of proved courage in the wars; a loyal subject of the King. But Leatherstocking still demurs: "I'm afeard I'm too rude, and too old, and too wild like, to suit the fancy of such a young and delicate girl, as Mabel, who has been unused to our wilderness ways, and may think the settlements better suited to her gifts and inclinations." Pressed still further, Leatherstocking makes an avowal that throws a flood of light on Cooper's conception of the social relationships prevailing within his standard tableau of a captured heroine in the process of being rescued by Leatherstocking and a genteel hero:
I have traveled with some as fair, and have guided them through the forest, and seen them in their perils and in their gladness, but they were always too much above me, to make me think of them as more than so many feeble ones I was bound to protect and defend. The case is now different Mabel and I are so nearly alike, that I feel weighed down with a load that is hard to bear, at finding us so unlike. I do wish, sergeant, that I was ten years younger [the scout was then presumably in his early thirties], more comely to look at, and better suited to please a handsome young woman's fancy!
In short, "I am but a poor hunter, and Mabel, I see, is fit to be an officer's lady." 19 She is indeed, as appears in the course of the story when the regimental quartermaster wants to marry her: or is she?
Cooper subsequently causes this officer to prove a traitor, perhaps because of an unconscious impulse to punish him for his subversive disregard of class lines. In any event, when the actual moment of Leatherstocking's proposal arrives, Mabel's superior refinement is so unmistakable that it decides the issue. One of Cooper's very few valid comic inventions causes her, in her confusion, to use a more and more involved rhetoric that Leatherstocking cannot follow at all. He has to resort to his characteristic query, "Anan?" 20 The match is quite unsuitable and in the end Leatherstocking has the exquisite masochistic pleasure of giving his blessing to her union with Jasper Western, the young, handsome, and worthy Great Lakes sailor.21
If Leatherstocking could hardly be imagined as married, however, a feeling for symmetry would suggest that he at least might be shown as himself hopelessly beloved. This is the formula of the last novel of the series, The Deerslayer, which removes the obstacle of the hero's age by going back to the period of his early youth and thus represents the utmost possible development of Leatherstocking into a hero of romance. In this story he is loved by Judith Hutter, beautiful daughter of a somewhat coarse backwoodsman. But Judith's reputation is stained by past coquetries: she is obviously not an appropriate mate for the chaste Leatherstocking, and at the end of the novel is reported to be living in England as the mistress of a British officer.
Despite these late experiments in depicting Leatherstocking in his youth, the persistent image of the hunter was that of his first appearance, as a man of venerable age. This trait of Leatherstocking was strengthened by whatever parallels were felt to exist between him and Daniel Boone. When John Filson's biography of Boone appeared in 1784, the Kentuckian, at fifty, already seemed a patriarchal figure, his active days of fighting in the past. The folk cult of Boone that developed after 1815 emphasized the picturesque conception of an octogenarian huntsman. Cooper himself gives testimony to the popular tendency to exaggerate Boone's age when he remarks in a note to the revised edition of The Prairie that the famous hunter emigrated to Missouri "in his ninety-second year." 22 Boone was actually sixty-five when that event occurred. The many Western hunters created in the image of Leatherstock-
ing who people Western fiction through most of the nineteenth century are characteristically of advanced age.
If Leatherstocking was, so to speak, intrinsically aged, this fact hindered his transformation into a hero of romance as seriously as did his low social status. Cooper was thus led to experiment with younger heroes who had Leatherstocking's vital relation to the forest, but were more easily converted into lovers. The character of Oliver Effingham in The Pioneers had early suggested the idea of a young hunter, wearing the garb and following the vocation of Leatherstocking. In The Prairie the impulse to double the role of the hunter in this fashion yields the character of Paul Hover, who, like Oliver, appears as an associate of Leatherstocking but is a real instead of merely a pretended child of the backwoods. Paul is a native of Kentucky and has a dialect that is the unmistakable badge of lowly status. It is true that he is merely a bee hunter rather than a hunter of deer and bear, but his sentiments concerning the rifle and his skill at marksmanship arouse Leatherstocking's enthusiastic approval. The most interesting thing about Paul is that, despite the presence in this novel of the official genteel hero and heroine, he is treated as an embryonic hero himself. He is young and handsome and virtuous, and in the end is allowed to marry Ellen Wade, who has carefully been given appearance, manners, speech, and sensibility superior to those of her crude companions-a distinct foreshadowing of Mabel Dunham's status and character in The Pathfinder. The Paul-Ellen love affair in The Prairie, in fact, seems to have furnished Cooper with the germ of his experiments in the two later novels.
Near the end of his life the novelist made a final effort to construct a story with a Western hero in The Oak Openings (1848). Like Paul Hover twenty years earlier, Ben Boden is a bee hunter of admirable character. In the absence of a genteel hero, however, he has to be refined somewhat beyond Paul Hover's level. This process is indicated in terms of the significant criterion of language We are told twice in the first chapter, that he used surprisingly pure English for one in his social class, and he has the further genteel trait of highly moral views concerning whiskey. 23 Margaret Warring, the heroine, like Ellen Blade, is related to a coarse frontiersman, but is made as refined as possible within the
iron limits of her status. Although The Oak Openings is one of Cooper's weakest novels, the fault lies in his uncontrollable tendency to reach on any current topic that happens to come into his mind The basic conception is very promising.
The novel begins as if Cooper were determined to see what might have been made of The Prairie if he had carried out his project of omitting the genteel hero and heroine. If this conjecture is valid, then Ben Boden represents Cooper's ultimate achievement in trying to use a man of the wilderness as a technical hero. After the dangers of Indian warfare in early Michigan have been endured by the young lovers, the novelist feels compelled to add an epilogue that exhibits Ben Boden in his old age as a substantial farmer, a man of influence in the community, and a state senator. This career "shows the power of man when left free to make his own exertions." 24 But if Boden's Jacksonian rise in the world gives retroactive sanction to Cooper's choice of him as a hero, it dissolves whatever imaginative connection he may have had with the mysterious and brooding wilderness.
Cooper's twenty-five years' struggle to devise a Wild Western hero capable of taking the leading role in a novel yielded the following results: (1) Since the basic image of Leatherstocking was too old for the purposes of romance, the novelist doubled the character to produce a young hunter sharing the old man's habits, tastes, skills, and, to some extent, his virtues. (2) The earliest of the young hunter companions of Leatherstocking, Oliver Effingham, could be a held because he was revealed as a gentleman temporarily disguised as a hunter. That is, the hero retained all his genteel prerogatives by hereditary right, and at the same time claimed the imaginative values clustering about Leatherstocking by wearing a mask, a persona fashioned in the image of the old hunter. But this was so flagrant a begging of the question that Cooper could not be satisfied with it He therefore undertook further development of the young hunter produced by doubling the character of Leatherstocking, and this process yielded (3) the Paul Hover-Ben Boden type of hero, a young and handsome denizen of the wilderness, following the gentler calling of a bee hunter and thus free from even the justifiable taint of bloodshed involved in Leatherstocking's vocation. This young Western hero
is given a dialect less pronounced than that of Leatherstocking except in Leatherstocking's most exalted moments. His actual origin is left vague. He is not a member of the upper class, but he is nowhere specifically described as having once been a servant. Finally, the young hero has none of the theoretical hostility to civilization that is so conspicuous in Leatherstocking. These changes make it technically possible for a Wild Westerner to be a hero of romance? but they destroy the subversive overtones that had given Leatherstocking so much of his emotional depth.


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|Chiropractic Care and Chronic Health Problems
|Chronic health problems such as high blood pressure and diabetes often require treatment plans from several different specialists. Effective treatment of high blood pressure may involve a person's family physician, internist, and cardiologist. A person with diabetes may be receiving treatment from her internist and endocrinologist, and possibly from an ophthalmologist and even a neurologist. An additional key specialist involved in any of these scenarios is a chiropractor.
Of course, chiropractic care is not directed toward treatment of any disease. Rather, chiropractic care focuses on the health and well being of the whole person. By concentrating on biomechanics and the nerve system, that is, the integrity and functioning of the spinal column and spinal nerves, chiropracticcare helps ensure that the body as a whole is working effectively. This means that whatever a person's clinicalcircumstances may be, regular chiropractic care is essential to his or her long-term health. Your chiropractor is a key member of your health care team in any situation.
Not too long ago, the Eighth Joint National Committee (originally commissioned by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute) released a new set of evidence-based guidelines for evaluation and treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure). The guidelines committee, comprised of 17 academics, spent five years reviewing evidence as preparation for developing the new recommendations.
The committee's report represents nothing less than a sea change in the treatment of patients with higher-than-normal blood pressure readings. The primary shift is from a long-held standard of implementing treatment when a person's blood pressure is higher than 140/90 mmHg. The new guidelines recommend beginning treatment only when blood pressure readings are higher than 150/90 mmHg. The new standard is a huge modification of decades-old practice methods, and has generated substantial controversy.1.2 Of course, a good portion of the pushback is from those who have a vested interest in maintaining the status quo, such as physicians who dispense medications from their office and earn substantial income from selling antihypertensive drugs at multiples of their wholesale costs. In addition to physicians who act as pharmacies, drug companies who manufacture antihypertensive medications also stand to lose significant revenue. But aside from considerations related to the practice of medicine as a business, the real issues should be focused on the benefits and harms to patients. In this context, it may be reasonably stated that fewer medications are, by and large, a good thing.
The new blood pressure guidelines have two primary impacts. First, for people over age 60, treatment for presumed hypertension should be initiated when blood pressure readings are higher than 150/90 mm/Hg. More than 7.4 million Americans over age 60 will be in the new safe range. Many of these millions of people have been taking antihypertensive medication for years, possibly needlessly as implied by the new guidelines. Next, for all those under age 60, there is insufficient medical evidence that a systolic blood pressure (the first number in the reading) threshold exists that would dictate treatment. In other words, for many years the systolic threshold had been 140 (as in 140/90 mmHg). Higher systolic readings virtually mandated antihypertensive treatment. Although the committee expressed its opinion that the systolic threshold of 140 mmHg ought to be maintained for those younger than age 60, even though evidence for such a threshold is weak. Thus, it may be that many millions more people have been taking antihypertensive medication without such recommendations being backed by sound scientific research.
The point here is not that people should stop taking their blood pressure medication.3 All such types of decisions should be made in consultation with the prescribing physician. The main consideration is having the ability to make informed choices. Some medication regimens may be appropriate. Some may not. Some may need to be reevaluated. As always, regular chiropractic care is of value by providing you with the best opportunity to achieve maximum good health.
1Mitka M:Groups spar over new hypertension guidelines. JAMA 311(7):663-664, 2014
2Kieldsen SE, et al: Hypertension management by practice guidelines. Blood Press 23(1):1-2, 2014
3Sheppard JP, et al: Missed opportunities in prevention of cardiovascular disease in primary care: a cross-sectional study. Br J Pract 2014, Jan;64(618):e38-46. doi: 10.3399/bjgp14X676447


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Associations to the word «Dreams»
Pictures for the word «Dreams»
DREAM, noun. Imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping.
DREAM, noun. A hope or wish.
DREAM, noun. A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy.
DREAM, verb. (intransitive) To see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping.
DREAM, verb. (intransitive) To hope, to wish.
DREAM, verb. (intransitive) To daydream.
DREAM, verb. (transitive) To envision as an imaginary experience (usually when asleep).
DREAM, verb. (intransitive) To consider the possibility (of).
DREAM CATCHER, noun. Alternative spelling of dreamcatcher
DREAM CATCHERS, noun. Plural of dream catcher
DREAM COME TRUE, noun. Something which has long been desired or hoped for and which has finally happened.
DREAM FACTORY, noun. (informal) (US) A film studio
DREAM HOUSE, noun. Used other than as an idiom: see dream, house.
DREAM HOUSE, noun. One's ideal house or home.
DREAM HOUSES, noun. Plural of dream house
DREAM LIFE, noun. The world of the dream state of consciousness taken as a reality.
DREAM ON, verb. (intransitive) To continue dreaming.
DREAM POP, noun. A subgenre of alternative rock with ethereal textures and breathy vocals rather than hard riffs.
DREAM TEAM, noun. A team of players or members ideal for a given task; a team of the best players of a particular sport or members of a particular field.
DREAM TEAMS, noun. Plural of dream team
DREAM UP, verb. To have an imaginative, unusual or foolish idea, to invent something unreal.
Dictionary definition
DREAM, noun. A series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; "I had a dream about you last night".
DREAM, noun. Imaginative thoughts indulged in while awake; "he lives in a dream that has nothing to do with reality".
DREAM, noun. A cherished desire; "his ambition is to own his own business".
DREAM, noun. A fantastic but vain hope (from fantasies induced by the opium pipe); "I have this pipe dream about being emperor of the universe".
DREAM, noun. A state of mind characterized by abstraction and release from reality; "he went about his work as if in a dream".
DREAM, noun. Someone or something wonderful; "this dessert is a dream".
DREAM, verb. Have a daydream; indulge in a fantasy.
DREAM, verb. Experience while sleeping; "She claims to never dream"; "He dreamt a strange scene".
Wise words
It is better wither to be silent, or to say things of more value than silence. Sooner throw a pearl at hazard than an idle or useless word; and do not say a little in many words, but a great deal in a few.


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Replace low performing rotor before risking your Perfect Climate!
A dehumidifier containing a desiccant rotor with a low capacity will not anylonger fulfill the original design conditions. In production facilities this is risky business, since both production capacity and product quality can be affected.
The heart of any Munters dehumidifier is the desiccant rotor (wheel). A proper protected rotor in a well maintained dehumidifier will have a long life, helping you to achieve your desired perfect climate, year after year.
If the rotor capacity starts to decline, you might experience challenges in achieving the originally specified conditions, resulting in your benefits no longer being realised. This might become obvious by a drop in production capacity or product quality, leading to costly consequences.
Replacing a low performing rotor necessitates an investment but when compared to the possible loss in profits or irreparable damage, this investment will easily pay back. Your production or storage conditions will again get back to the expected, just like the energy consumption.
A dehumidifier running with a low performing rotor causes the reactivation heater to consume more energy than normally, trying to compensate for the low performance. Since the heater is the most energy consuming element of the dehumidifier, this situation results in costly and unnecessary use of energy.
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Read Case Study on savings by replacing a low performing rotor


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Most of Australia's population is concentrated in two widely separated coastal regions. By far the larger of these, in terms of area and population, lies in the south-east and east. The smaller of the two regions is in the south-west of the continent. In both coastal regions the population is concentrated in urban centres, particularly the state and territory capital cities.
Source: Regional Population Growth, Australia and New Zealand (3218.0).
Geographic distribution of Indigenous Australians
The Indigenous population at 30 June 2001 was 458,500 of which 134,900 (29.4%) lived in New South Wales, 125,900 (27.5%) in Queensland, 65,900 (14.4%) in Western Australia and 56,900 (12.4%) in the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory had the largest proportion of its population who were Indigenous (28.8%) compared to 3.7% or less for all other states and the Australian Capital Territory (table 5.16).
While most of the Australian population is concentrated along the eastern and south-west coasts, map 5.17 shows the Indigenous population is more widely spread. The total population is contained within the most densely settled areas of the continent, while the Indigenous population live in areas covering more of the continent. This partly reflects the higher level of urbanisation among the non-Indigenous population than the Indigenous population. Indigenous people are much more likely to live in very remote areas than the non-Indigenous population. The SLAs with the highest number of Indigenous people per square kilometre were located in Darwin, whereas the SLAs with the highest densities for the population as a whole were located in Sydney.
5.17 INDIGENOUS POPULATION(a) DISTRIBUTION - 30 June 2001
Source: Census of Population and Housing: Population Growth and Distribution, Australia, 2001 (2035.0).
Population change
New South Wales is the most populous state, with 6.6 million people at 30 June 2002. From 1997 to 2002 the fastest growth occurred in Queensland, which grew over the five years by 9.2%, followed by Western Australia (7.4% over five years) and Victoria (6.0% over five years). Tasmania's population declined slightly over the five years to 30 June 2002 (-0.2%).
Table 5.18 sets out the ERP in major population centres at 30 June 1997 and 2002. Australia's capital cities accounted for 66% of Australia's population growth between 1997 and 2002, with Sydney (up 242,300 people) and Melbourne (up 214,500 people) experiencing the largest increases. The capital city with the fastest population growth over the 1997-2002 period was Brisbane (up by an average 1.8% per year), followed by Darwin (1.7% per year).
Between 1997 and 2002 large increases in population occurred on the outskirts of Australia's capital cities. In Sydney, the Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Liverpool (C), Blacktown (C) and Baulkham Hills (A) experienced significant growth (up 32,300, 25,500 and 23,100 people respectively), while the largest growth in Melbourne occurred in the LGAs of Casey (C), Hume (C) and Melton (S) (up 37,900, 17,400 and 16,000 people respectively). This pattern of growth was also apparent in outer suburban areas in the smaller capital cities.
Many of Australia's inner city areas, especially in the larger cities, grew rapidly in the five years to 30 June 2002. The LGA of the City of Sydney recorded Australia's highest average annual growth rate of 13.2%. The LGAs of Perth (up 8.2% per year) and Melbourne (up 5.4% per year) also experienced rapid growth between 1997 and 2002. The inner-Brisbane SLA of City - Inner was one of the fastest-growing SLAs in Queensland over this period.
Other major population centres experiencing significant population growth between 1997 and 2002 were the Statistical Districts of Gold Coast-Tweed on the Queensland-New South Wales border, which increased by an average 3.6% per year, Mandurah and Bunbury in Western Australia (up 3.5% and 3.3% per year respectively), and Sunshine Coast in Queensland (up 3.4% per year). Rapid population growth was also recorded in many LGAs elsewhere along the Queensland, New South Wales and Victorian coastline and in some LGAs in the south-west corner of Western Australia.
Some areas of Australia have experienced significant population decline in recent years. While some of the population declines have occurred in established areas within capital cities and major urban centres, the fastest population declines have occurred in rural areas. Most of this decline has been caused by net migration loss. Such population loss is associated with technological, social and economic changes and industry restructuring in local economies.
In 1901, 64% of Australians lived outside capital cities. This proportion fell steadily, and from 1962 only 40% lived outside capital cities. Between 1976 and 2002 the decline appeared to have halted, with a slight increase in the proportion of people living in the balance of states and territories (graph 5.19), which may have been due to people moving to coastal regions and other urban centres.
Interstate migration
The main factor changing the distribution of Australia's population has been internal migration. During 2001-02, 392,100 people moved from one state or territory to another, 11,200 more than in the previous year (380,900).
In 2001-02, Victoria and Queensland recorded net interstate migration gains. All other states and territories experienced net losses due to interstate migration, although this was offset in all cases by growth due to natural increase and net overseas migration (table 5.20).


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Cinematically speaking, it's one of those "oh, that scene" moments: suffocating heat, an ice cube tray, Rosie Perez's naked, heaving breasts. An exceedingly tight close-up of Rosie Perez's naked, heaving breasts. And you've got Spike Lee—clearly enjoying his auteur/actor privileges—rubbing an ice cube over said breasts, paying crooning homage to "the right nipple" and "the left nipple."
Like all "Spike Lee Joints," the ice cube scene between Tina and Mookie from Do the Right Thing was beautifully shot, a carefully choreographed dance of light and shadow, sexuality and humor. But was it erotica, or exploitation? Or both? Were you bothered by Tina's bared breasts? Or by her bared teeth as she berates Mookie in a shrieking crescendo of abuse?
Spike Lee has long had an interesting relationship with the women who inhabit his films. It is, of course, the artist's prerogative to play the provocateur. Fair enough. But when it comes to his female characters, it's as though Lee can't decide whether to worship them or punish them. Case in point, Do the Right Thing, now celebrating its 20th anniversary: On the one hand, you have the saints: Mother Sister (Mookie's mother figure) and Jade (Mookie's sister). And on the other hand, you have the sinner: the cruelly castrating Tina (Mookie's baby mama).
Call it Spike Lee's woman problem. From Do The Right Thing to School Daze to Jungle Fever to He Got Game to She Hate Me and virtually every other fiction film Lee has written and directed, his female characters have never been afforded the complexity of the men in his films. (He admitted in an interview for an authorized biography in 2005 that he's allowed "unreconstructed male chauvinism" to play a big role in his films.)
It all began with She's Gotta Have It. Which is too bad. If you were grown and black back in '86, when She's Gotta Have It made its critically acclaimed debut, it was hard not to be enamored of all things Spike. Here was a film that created a space for black independent filmmakers, a film that was smart and funny and featured black folks who were smart and funny, too. (And, it should be noted, smart, funny black folks who weren't named Eddie Murphy.)
At first blush, She's Gotta Have It was a male feminist manifesto: If she's gotta have it, Lee seemed to say, then good for her. Until, that is, the third act of the film, when the tone and tenor abruptly changed: Nola Darling gets her comeuppance, in the form of rape at the hand of one of her suitors. The scene could be viewed as a statement about male insecurity. But it could just as easily be seen as Lee's way of punishing the promiscuous Nola. (In an interview with NPR quoted in The Boston Globe, Lee has since said that if he were to shoot that film today, he'd remove the rape scene.)
With School Daze (1988), Lee's fictionalized take on his alma mater, black womanhood was sharply divided along two lines—the nice, the dark-skinned "Jiggaboos" and the nasty, the light-skinned "Wannabes." The song and dance number "Good and Bad Hair" brilliantly sent up colorism in the African-American community. But the female characters caught up in the dispute, unlike the film's male characters, didn't get to have an internal life that took them beyond the cardboard cutouts of the down-with-the-cause righteous sista or the frat-loving, airhead Wannabe.
Lee's good girl/bad girl meme is most striking in Mo' Betta Blues (1990). Denzel Washington plays a tormented trumpeter who can't decide between the less conventionally beautiful but good-hearted woman (played by Lee's real-life sister, Joie Lee) and the more conventionally beautiful woman (Cynda Williams), who is using him only to launch her singing career.
The conniving siren is a trope that Lee relies on frequently, and with great gusto. In 1998's He Got Game, Rosario Dawson is a teenaged she-devil paid to ensnare the young basketball star, played by Ray Allen. (Meanwhile, a prostitute with a heart of gold saves the b-ball star's father.) Then there's 2004's She Hate Me, in which man-hating lesbians line up by the dozens to use Lee's beleaguered male protagonist for his sperm. Clearly, this is intended as satire, or farce, but there's an undercurrent of venom in She Hate Me that just doesn't track well.
The women in Lee's life have called him out for his cinematic gender issues. In Spike Lee: That's My Story and I'm Sticking to It, Lee's authorized biography, Joie describes filming her nude scenes with Washington in Mo' Better Blues as "horrible." Also speaking to the biographer, Spike's wife, Tonya Lewis Lee, criticized the development of female characters in Girl 6, Lee's 1996 take on the phone sex trade: "It was like, 'Dress up a lot of pretty, sexy girls and make them talk dirty.'"
And then there's Rosie Perez, who played Tina to Lee's Mookie in Do the Right Thing and also spoke to Spike's biographer. Perez described the filming of the ice cube scene as "very disturbing" and "exploitative." She didn't have a problem with a love scene, she said, but the difference between what was on the written page and what ended up being filmed on the set was radically different from what she'd been led to expect.
Lee's latent misogyny stings because, from the very beginning, his was the voice of the black hipster intellectual, filled with knowing references to Five Percenters, Zora Neale Hurston and John Coltrane. You expect a little more enlightenment from him than you would from, say, Ice Cube or from Tyler Perry with his scheming evil buppies. You know that Lee is capable of doing better. Crooklyn, which was released in 1994, was a rare example of fully imagined female characters, from the preteen protagonist to her doomed mother. Perhaps this is because Lee co-wrote the script with his sister and brother. (Lee seems to do his best work when he's directing someone else's screenplay.)
There's nothing wrong with using an ice cube to show a little cinematic love for nipples. Where Lee ultimately fails is in not showing that, beyond the spectacular breasts, there is a woman who is neither saint nor sinner, but something wonderfully complicated in between.
Teresa Wiltz is The Root's senior culture writer.
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- Title
- Trends in time-loss injuries during the 2011-2016 South African rugby youth weeks
- Creator
- Sewry, Nicola; Verhagen, Evert; Lamvert, Michael; van Mechelen, Willem; Marsh, J.; Readhead, Clint; Viljoen, Wayne; Brown, James
- Date
- 2018
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/167677
- Identifier
- vital:13706
- Identifier
- Identifier
- Abstract
- Youth rugby is a popular sport in South Africa (SA) with a high injury incidence. The annual SA Rugby Youth Week tournaments attract the top age-group players in the country providing a sample of players for reliable injury surveillance. The aim of the study was to analyze the changes in time-loss injury rates at the SA Rugby Youth Week tournaments between 2011 and 2016, differences between age-groups, and to investigate associated injury risk factors. All confirmed time-loss injuries at the 4 age-group tournaments (under-13, under-16, and 2 under-18) from 2011 to 2016 were recorded. Injury incidence densities (IID) for years, tournaments, and injury risk factors were calculated and Poisson regression analyses were performed to determine differences. Time-loss injuries (n = 494) were reported over 24 240 exposure hours, with an overall IID of 20.4 (18.6-22.2) injuries per 1000 player hours. The year 2013 had a significantly lower IID compared to 2011. Injury risk decreased with increasing age; under-13 and under-16 had significantly higher IID compared to under-18 Craven Week. Tackling was the phase of play at highest risk, with an IID of 7.4 (6.3-8.5) injuries per 1000 player hours. Central/peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) and, therefore, the head/neck were the most commonly occurring injuries/location injured. In conclusion, within the SA Rugby tournament structure, the older players had a decreased rate of injury. The tackle event was still the phase of play with the highest injury incidence regardless of age. This increase in incidence is largely due to an increase in CNS/PNS injuries.
- Publisher
- Blackwell Munksgaard
- Relation
- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports Vol. 28, no. 9 (2018), p. 2066-2073
- Rights
- Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
- Rights
- This metadata is freely available under a CCO license
- Subject
- 1106 Human Movement and Sports Science; 1116 Medical Physiology; Incidence; Risk factors; Rugby; South Africa
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Adriaen Cornelisz (d. 1552)
Adriaen Cornelisz, an Anabaptist martyr, born at Schoonhoven, Holland, a glazier in Delft, wished to visit several brethren imprisoned in Leiden and tried to persuade the guard to release them, but was himself tricked and arrested. After brutal torture he was strangled on 24 November 1552, and his body burned. With him died two brethren, Henrick Dircksz and Dirc Jansz, and two sisters, Anneken and Mariken. The Martyrs Mirror prints a lengthy prayer, an admonition to his friends, and a "Confession before the authorities and the priests," all by Adriaen Cornelisz. His knowledge of the Bible and his skill in response embarrassed his learned opponents. When, for example, the priest asked whether there had been no children in the household of the Philippian jailer, he answered "No." "How do you know that?" "It is written: The jailor rejoiced with all his house because he believed. Children cannot rejoice over faith, for they have no faith." De Hoop-Scheffer surmises that he is one of the men responsible for the term "Mennisten-streeken," by which the Dutch once designated the effort to tell a truth and to omit a truth, or to tell only a half-truth and create the impression of having told the whole truth, or to indicate the answer to a question, and yet leave the impression on the questioner that the answer was complete (DB 1868, 35 ff.).
The Offer des Heeren contains a song about Adriaen which begins, "Danct Godt en wilt zijn lof verbreyden, wiens wercken zijn by ons openbaer; Adriaen Cornelisz quam tot Leyden om sin Vrienden te besoecken daer" (Wolkan, 66). The Liedtboecxken van den Offer des Heeren contains another song commemorating the four martyrs at Leiden in 1552 which begins, "Ick magh wel droeflyck singen, in desen tijt van noot" (also in Wolkan, Lieder, 61). Another song in the Liedtboecxken has Cornelisz for its author and begins, "Eylaes ick mach wel suchten dat nu buert so groot ellent." This song is also found in Wackernagel, No. 98.
Dit Boec wort genoemt: Het Offer des Heeren, om het inhout van sommighe opgheofferde kinderen Godts . . . N.p., 1570: 195-218, 526-531, 578-580. Available online at: Het Offer des Heeren.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doops-gesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, 1685: Part II, 133-142.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 526-535. Available online at: http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/contents.htm.
Doopsgezinde Bijdragen (1868): 35 ff.; (1899): 96; (1906): 70 ff. For full electronic text see http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?field1=ocr;q1=Doopsgezinde%20Bijdragen;a=srchls;lmt=ft.
Wackernagel, Philipp. Lieder der niederlandischen Reformierten aus der Zeit der Verfolgung im 16. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt: Hender & Zimmer, 1867: 194 Reprinted Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1965. Available in full electronic text at http://www.archive.org/details/liederdernieder01wackgoog.
|Christian Neff
|Nanne van der Zijpp
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Neff, Christian and Nanne van der Zijpp. "Adriaen Cornelisz (d. 1552)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1955. Web. 1 Oct 2023. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Adriaen_Cornelisz_(d._1552)&oldid=162666.
APA style
Neff, Christian and Nanne van der Zijpp. (1955). Adriaen Cornelisz (d. 1552). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 1 October 2023, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Adriaen_Cornelisz_(d._1552)&oldid=162666.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, pp. 14-15. All rights reserved.
©1996-2023 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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100 words 084
Cobh really has become quite the tourist town. Today we—myself, Jessica, and my mother—took a boat over to Spike Island and enjoyed strolling around the fort and taking in the magnificent views. Then we went back across to town and had lunch where the White Star Line office used to be, sitting right next to the pier used to load goods and passengers for the Titanic.
We finished the evening in a pub listening to some great tunes (once the bodhrán player got the hint and left). Plenty of sunshine and plenty of pints. A really nice day.


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Cheltenham, town and borough (district), administrative and historic county of Gloucestershire, England. It is situated where the River Chelt, a tributary of the River Severn, breaks through the western edge of the Cotswolds.
A church is known to have existed at Cheltenham as early as 803. The town is first mentioned in documents in 1223, when the benefit of markets, fairs, and the hundred (feudal administrative division) of Cheltenham were leased to the local manor. After the discovery of three mineral springs in 1716 and the ensuing erection of a pump room in 1738, Cheltenham rapidly became fashionable, its popularity being assured by a visit by King George III in 1788. Many Georgian buildings, wide tree-lined avenues, and open spaces survive in the contemporary urban plan.
The town is now an educational centre, the main schools being Pate's Grammar School (founded 1574), Cheltenham College (1841), Cheltenham Ladies' College (1853), Dean Close School (1886), and the Park and Francis Close Hall campuses of the University of Gloucestershire. Cheltenham is renowned as a centre of cultural activity and is host to four main festivals—the Cheltenham Festivals of Literature, Jazz, Science, and Music—which are complemented by independent festivals that celebrate folk music, fashion and beauty, design, and poetry as well as by the long-standing Cheltenham Festival of Performing Arts. Every March the town hosts the Cheltenham Festival, four days of horse racing that culminate in the flagship Gold Cup National Hunt steeplechase. Cultural institutions and venues include the Wilson Cheltenham Art Gallery and Museum and the Town Hall, Everyman, and Playhouse theatres. Cheltenham was the home of British composer Gustav Holst, and the Holst Birthplace Museum commemorates his life and career.
The aerospace and aviation engineering industry still maintains an important presence in the Cheltenham area, where Britain's first jet aircraft prototype, the Gloster-Whittle E.28/39 Pioneer, was built at the beginning of World War II. Cheltenham is also the base for Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), one of Britain's three intelligence and security agencies. Besides the town of Cheltenham, the borough includes the villages of Leckhampton, Prestbury, Charlton Kings, Swindon Village, and a small section of the Cotswolds. Area borough, 18 square miles (47 square km). Pop. (2001) town, 98,875; borough, 110,013; (2011) town (built-up area), 116,447; borough, 115,732.


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Image of Lisa Dengler, Photograph by Marcel Floruss
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