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Are America's students falling behind the world?
The standardized tests known as the Program for International Student Assessment are considered so important that when the latest results were released last week, the U.S. Department of Education participated in a so-called PISA Day.
The leaders of the nation's teachers unions immediately fired off news releases asserting that the mediocre PISA scores of American students showed that more than a decade of testing-based reform had failed our schools. Prominent reform leaders, by contrast, concluded from the test results that the U.S. was failing to change schools radically enough to aid its most disadvantaged students. Still others predicted that the U.S. economy would crash and burn because of our students' unimpressive math scores on the PISA exams compared with other countries' students. (American students ranked above the median in reading and science but below it in math.)
A saner interpretation of the PISA results came from researchers who have studied international rankings in great detail, and their message goes something like this: Calm down, everyone. The results on this and other international tests are more complicated than they look, and in this case, nuance makes a difference. Despite the doomsday talk, the scores a country receives on the PISA don't necessarily predict the strength — or weakness — of its future labor force or the trajectory of its economy, according to Martin Carnoy, a professor of education at Stanford University. Some countries with relatively low scores have built thriving, tech-based economies, while the economies of some high-scoring nations have faltered.
YEAR IN REVIEW: Washington's 5 biggest 'fails' of 2013
And the results on the PISA, administered every three years to 15-year-olds in 65 countries, tell us as much about cultural differences as about differences between school systems. In the Asian countries that took the top spots — including Singapore, South Korea and areas of China — families spend heavily on private tutoring to prepare their children for college entrance examinations that closely resemble the PISA tests, Carnoy said. So the high PISA results don't necessarily reflect on their schools.
The reasons that some countries do well (or poorly) are complicated. Finland, for instance, has historically been successful on the PISA tests — so much so that governments, including California's, have sent delegations there to figure out the educational magic. And Finland has been successful despite the fact that, unlike in Asia, testing is de-emphasized and recesses during the school day are long. But Finland also is a country with relatively few disadvantaged children, largely because of the nation's social welfare network. And disadvantaged children, no matter what the country, fare worse on the PISA tests than students from more educated and affluent families. A Stanford study last year found that non-school factors such as the number of books in students' homes accounted for more than two-thirds of the variation in scores on high-profile international tests like PISA.
A study published this year by Carnoy and Richard Rothstein, a researcher at the Economic Policy Institute, found that much of the difference between U.S. scores and those of high-ranking nations is because the United States has a higher proportion of disadvantaged students. But the researchers found that the scores of the most disadvantaged U.S. students have been improving markedly over the years, while scores for their counterparts in many top-ranked nations have fallen precipitously.
In contrast, the highest-scoring U.S. math students are nowhere near their peers in top-ranking countries, Carnoy said.
Though curriculum itself isn't a cure-all, the Common Core curriculum, which California and dozens of other states are beginning to implement, should help. It is more closely aligned to the kind of conceptual understanding and deep thinking that is both called for on the PISA tests and required for true innovation.
If there is a lesson to be gleaned from PISA, it's that moving toward a more educated nation will require helping families give their children the resources and background they need to do better in school, as well as continuing reform efforts to improve instruction and curriculum. It requires committed action over time, not warring and self-serving pronouncements.
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Source: Link
HOPSON, PEREGRINE THOMAS, military officer, governor of Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island, and Nova Scotia; b. probably in England, possibly a son of Admiral Sir Thomas Hopsonn; d. 27 Feb. 1759 at Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe.
Peregrine Thomas Hopson was a career officer; little is known about his private life. His first recorded appointment was as a lieutenant in Lord Shannon's marines in 1703, and by 1738 he was a major in Clayton's regiment (14th Foot). He was promoted lieutenant-colonel in Chomondely's regiment (48th Foot) in January 1740/41. He went to Gibraltar during the siege of 1727 and, except for a brief stay in England from 1741 to 1743, was with regiments stationed there until 1745. Seeking promotion in 1746 he claimed, in a letter to the Duke of Newcastle, more than 35 years of actual duty in the army.
In the spring of 1746 Hopson arrived at Louisbourg from Gibraltar, as senior officer in Fuller's regiment (29th Foot), which had been sent to reinforce the garrison. Louisbourg had been captured from the French the previous year by a joint New England and British force under William Pepperrell and Peter Warren. Likely through Newcastle's patronage, Hopson took command of the colony in September 1747 as lieutenant governor, succeeding Governor Charles Knowles, and later became governor. By 1747 the English position at Louisbourg was a caretaking operation, punctuated by minor French and Indian raids on the outlying areas and worries about the threat they posed to the fuel supply of the colony. In June 1748, for example, a party led by Joseph Marin* de La Malgue captured boats and a detachment of men loading coal at the Table Head colliery (near Glace Bay, N.S.), and threatened to destroy the incomplete blockhouse there.
Hopson was promoted colonel of his regiment on 6 June 1748. In October the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle returned Louisbourg and Cape Breton Island to France. Late in June 1749 Hopson and the French commissary, Charles Des Herbiers de La Ralière, began negotiations for the restoration of Louisbourg to the French, and concluded the transfer by the end of July. Hopson took the British troops and supplies to the new English settlement at Halifax (Chebucto) and then returned to England.
In 1752 he was welcomed back to Halifax as governor of Nova Scotia, taking office on 3 August. He admitted to the Board of Trade that he had no effective jurisdiction over much of the area he nominally commanded from Halifax, and saw the Acadians and Indians, encouraged from Quebec and Louisbourg, as tools of an active French policy of encroachment on the English. He believed the Acadians were essential to his colony as the only established farmers and so he secured the consent of his superiors to avoid for the moment the issue of the oath of allegiance, and argued successfully against settling "foreign Protestants" among them. He also ordered that Acadians supplying military posts with wood and provisions be paid a fair price. If military control were maintained, he hoped, the Acadians might eventually accept British rule and even take the oath. His one opportunity to follow a similar policy with the Indians was provided by a short-lived treaty concluded in November 1752 with Jean-Baptiste Cope, leader of a small band of Micmacs on the east coast of Nova Scotia.
Rivalry between English and North American factions in the colony was growing at this time. For example, there were disputes over whether English or New England law practices would be observed in the courts [see James Monk]. Hopson tried to reconcile the opposing sides, for he believed the passage of time and the regularizing of the affairs of the colony would ultimately dispel the "spirit of party." In the meantime he sought to keep the peace "by the most moderate measures, and carrying myself as equally as possible on both sides." His most effective positive action in office, however, was the settlement of many of the German- and French-speaking Protestants who had been congregating in Halifax in increasing misery since 1750. Although his instructions contained no special orders concerning their relocation, Hopson made vigorous efforts to obtain necessary supplies from the British government so that they could be moved to a new settlement during the summer of 1753. The site chosen for the new colony was Mirligueche, which was renamed Lunenburg, probably after one of the titles of George I as Elector of Hanover. Hopson chose Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Lawrence and Captain Patrick Sutherland to direct the founding of the settlement in June 1753. This colonizing venture occurred during a lull in acts of hostility by the French and Indians, perhaps caused by the absence of Abbé Jean-Louis Le Loutre* from the province. Hopson himself believed that the French were simply gathering their forces for a more decisive offensive.
Severe eye trouble forced Hopson to hand over the government of Nova Scotia to Lawrence and he left for England on 1 Nov. 1753. He finally resigned the governorship in 1755. He was promoted major-general in February 1757, and in July he arrived back in Halifax, with reinforcements for the army commanded by the Earl of Loudoun [John Campbell]; Loudoun had reached Halifax from New York at the end of June and was to lead an expedition against Louisbourg that summer. As a former governor of Louisbourg, Hopson served partly as an adviser, and he fully concurred in Loudoun's decision to abandon the expedition because of the late arrival of the British troops and the strength of the French fleet at Louisbourg. Loudoun returned to New York in August, leaving Hopson in command of the troops in Nova Scotia and having designated him to lead a new expedition against Louisbourg in 1758. Hopson was recalled to England, however, before the 1758 campaign, on grounds that the government feared for his health.
On 10 Nov. 1758 he sailed as commander of the land forces in an expedition against the French sugar islands, Martinique and Guadeloupe. After an initial landing in Martinique, its first objective, the expedition withdrew and took up a position at Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Hopson was already seriously ill and died a month later. John Barrington, his second in command, completed the conquest of the island. Hopson's age and health, as well as the different qualities required in the two situations, seem to explain the differences in his performance as governor of Nova Scotia and as leader of this expedition.
The main beneficiaries of his will, drawn up a month before he left for Martinique, were Lydia Goodall, a niece then living with him at Berry, near Gosport, Hampshire, and two sisters, Grace Hopson and Anne Bennett.
BM, Add. mss, 23830, ff.168–69v; 32709, ff.194–94v; 32713, ff.507–8v; 32716, f.299; 32733, ff.93–93v. PRO, CO 5/44; 5/45; 5/48; 110/1; 217/13; 217/15, ff.15–16; 217/17, ff.46–50; 217/33; 217/40; Ind. 5432, 5433, 5435, 5436, 5437, 5438–39; Prob. 11/847, f.204 (will of Peregrine Hopson, October 1758); WO 34/44, 34/71, 34/101. Army list, 1754; 1755; 1756; 1757; 1758; 1759. Robert Beatson, Naval and military memoirs of Great Britain, from 1727 to 1783 (6v., London, 1804), II, III. Coll. de manuscrits relatifs à la N.-F., III, 426, 430, 447. Knox, Historical journal (Doughty). Military affairs in North America, 1748–1765: selected documents from the Cumberland papers in Windsor Castle, ed. S. M. Pargellis (New York, London, 1936). N.S. Archives, I. PAC Report, 1905, II, pt.iii, 282–83. Bell, Foreign Protestants. Brebner, New England's outpost. English army lists (Dalton), V, 135; VI, 129. Dalton, George the first's army, II, 298. McLennan, Louisbourg. Marshall Smelser, The campaign for the sugar islands, 1759: a study of amphibious warfare (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955). W. P. Ward, "The Acadian response to the growth of British power in Nova Scotia, 1749–1755," Dal. Rev., LI (1971), 173.
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Cite This Article
Wendy Cameron, "HOPSON, PEREGRINE THOMAS," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed October 2, 2023, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/hopson_peregrine_thomas_3E.html.
The citation above shows the format for footnotes and endnotes according to the Chicago manual of style (16th edition). Information to be used in other citation formats:
|Author of Article:
|Wendy Cameron
|Title of Article:
|Publication Name:
|Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 3
|University of Toronto/Université Laval
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|October 2, 2023

subset: commoncrawl


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By Tim Gaynor
PHOENIX (Reuters) - The results of a second set of tests to determine what caused the death of champion 26-year-old Norwegian swimmer Alexander Dale Oen, who collapsed and died in Arizona this week, are not due until late June at the earliest, officials said on Thursday.
Authorities suspected that Dale Oen, the world 100 meters breaststroke champion, suffered a heart attack on Monday at an altitude training camp in Flagstaff in northern Arizona.
An autopsy conducted on Tuesday for the Coconino County Public Health Services District found no obvious "anatomic" cause of death, or any associated trauma.
Barbara Worgess, chief health officer for the Coconino County Public Health Services District, said additional tests and consultation with a cardiovascular pathologist had been ordered, but that results would not be made public for at least eight weeks.
"Whenever there's no physical-anatomical obvious cause of death, it really becomes a process then of gathering more information and (seeing) where that information leads you," Worgess told Reuters.
She said consulting with a cardio-vascular expert was "just a good place to start" the further investigation.
"The important thing right now for the medical examiner is to keep a totally open mind, gather whatever information he can through tests and consultations ... and see where that takes us," she said.
Dale Oen was found lying partially in a bath tub at the training facility after a day of light training and a game of golf. His teammates broke into the bathroom after noticing he had spent a long time inside.
A team doctor and paramedics tried unsuccessfully to revive him.
He became a national hero in Norway last year when he won the 100 meters breaststroke at the world championships in Shanghai.
Dale Oen was one of his country's best hopes for a medal at this year's Summer Olympic Games in London.
(Editing by Cynthia Johnston and Eric Beech)


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This is just a quick post to share a lesson learned while I was on an engagement where the client's reporting environment was using SAP Business Objects (BO)running on Linux for reporting. We were doing a test to move the underlying data warehouse from another database platform to SQL Server 2008 R2.
As we changed connections over, however, we quickly ran into a roadblock. It seems when we tried to make a connection to SQL Server via BO we got the error of 'Unable to bind to Configuration Objects WIS 10901'. What made this situation strange is that from a Windows box you could connect but from Linux itself, it wasn't having any of it. After some digging around we found we needed a third party ODBC driver to make this connection work.
It was suggested to us by the folks at SAP that we use a third party driver for ODBC connectivity. We were pointed to drivers by DataDirect (NOTE: This is not an endorsement for said product, this is simply the solution we tried and went with. There are several third party vendors that offer Linux ODBC connectivity so please evaluate and choose what works for your environment). Have you run in to this issue before? How'd you handle it? Feel free to share your solutions in comments.


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Reusable Launch Vehicle
|A vehicle that can be used multiple times. Note that the Space Shuttle is not a true RLV because it requires a new fuel tank and boosters for each launch. The alternative term 'Space Reusable Vehicle' (SRV) is also sometimes used for the same concept.
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As the Fairmount Corridor Commuter Rail Line train peeled away from Readville one morning, a stocky conductor began collecting fares on the only car open to passengers. Scanning rows of empty seats, he realized, as is the case most midmornings, the task would be easy.
"Only four people on the train,'' he said.
Since 2005, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority has spent $200 million on massive improvements to the Fairmount line, which runs through Hyde Park, Dorchester, Mattapan, and Roxbury to South Station. The aim is to fulfill the state's commitment to return rapid transit to sections of Boston's less prosperous communities.
But as the T prepares to open two new stations on the 9.2 mile track next month, ridership remains dismally low.
The possible reasons: trains don't run frequently, fares vary, the route does not fit some passengers' needs, and bus-dependent commuters who had to make do without rapid transit service before are not ready to change their patterns and come on board.
"I think this is great, but it doesn't go where I have to go," said Shikora Ennis, a 27-year-old Dorchester resident who takes a series of buses and a trolley to get to work in Newton.
Operating entirely in Boston, the Fairmount commuter rail is trying hard to be a subway. It rumbles closely by the backyards of three-deckers in densely populated areas where merengue drifts from windows, pajamas flap on clothes lines, and buses grind through clogged streets.
"This is a centerpiece in our communities,'' said Mela Bush, an activist with Greater Four Corners Action Coalition, which pushed and got funding for rail service in that section of Dorchester. "It's been a civil rights battle from day one."
First opened as a Midland Railroad in 1855, the line was used for passenger service for 88 years, and later for freight. Passenger service ran again for a period in the 1970s when construction along the Southwest Corridor necessitated the rerouting of South Station-bound trains through Dorchester. But when the MBTA tried to revert the track to light freight, community advocates pushed back.
"We wanted to have the option of being able to get on a train the same as people in other communities,'' Bush said. "We want to get on the train to get where we want to go at a price we can afford.''
Improvements began in 2005 with the reconstruction of deficient bridges and upgrades to the Morton Street and Uphams Corner stations. Four new stations will be added, including one on Talbot Avenue that opened with little public notice last year and a proposed Blue Hill Avenue stop that is facing stiff resistance from residents. The Four Corners/Geneva station in Dorchester and the Newmarket stop near South Bay will soon open.
So much is riding on the line, the shortest commuter rail with the lowest weekday ridership of roughly 1,250. City, state, and neighborhood planners are hoping the new stations, rising like beacons of promise in low-income communities, will boost businesses, jobs, and development near the stops.
"We've got about 120,000 people there, and they are very diverse communities. These are culturally rich communities,'' said Beverly Scott, MBTA general manager. "This is one of those corridors where there is absolutely no question about the opportunities [for] new development around these new stations. The potential is tremendous."
But along Boston streets, some worry that an economic boon will drive up housing prices and them out of their neighborhoods, while others are skeptical that a commuter rail with scattered service — including no weekend or holiday service — will generate the kind of economic vitality that advocates want.
"They are doing this because of gentrification and white people moving into the city,'' said a Mattapan resident who only identified himself as Gregory.
The Fairmount line is fraught with misunderstandings, controversy, and unfinished business. Advocates from the Fairmount Indigo Coalition slammed the MBTA for doing little to market it or educate the public about the value of the service. Many people here still associate the commuter rail with the suburbs.
Aiming to avoid "pitting one community against another,'' advocates say they have had little success getting the T to make fares equitable on the line. A one-way ticket from Readville is $6, $5.50 at Hyde Park, and just $2 — the cost of a Charlie Card ticket — in Dorchester, Roxbury, and Mattapan. And the disparity is creating tensions.
Neighborhood advocates also blame the T for trimming service during the project's construction and not returning it to the prior levels. And they want the T to cease the practice of only picking up passengers waiting on station platforms who are visible to the engineers.
"We just have to keep on fighting,'' said Bush, whose group plans to conduct a survey and community forums to get more people on board. "We fought for the line, and we will keep fighting until the full vision is realized."
T officials said they are working on possible fare adjustments on the line, but are focused on establishing equity and fairness overall. Scott is also in talks with community groups about how to best promote the line.
"That is going to be one of the biggest challenges for all of us,'' Scott said. "This is going to take a major partnership, real marketing, communications, and education about the line."
In parts of the city, it will be a hard sell. Joyce Quinerly -Daniel, a 71-year-old Dorchester matriarch, keeps a list of grievances about the line, the most egregious of which was when construction crews at the Talbot Avenue station tore down her wooden privacy fence. Added to her horror, she said, was when she caught her granddaughter sitting on the bed in a back room one day and waving at a man on the T platform overlooking her yard.
The T is erecting a black privacy fence on either side of the station.
In Mattapan, opposition looms on Woodhaven Street, where residents have been fighting the T's plan to build a station near their homes on Blue Hill Avenue. They want the stop relocated and said they are satisfied with buses that rumble close by.
"We feel it is redundant and unnecessary to spend millions of dollars to construct a station on Blue Hill Avenue,'' said Mattapan resident Barbara Fields.
On the Fairmount line one morning, views were mixed among passengers on the 25-minute commute to South Station, where they will make connections to travel to their jobs at the airport, colleges, and offices north of Boston.
"It's a great benefit to a lot us in this area who don't have immediate access to get downtown,'' said Terry Jones, a 35-year-old artist on his way from Talbot Avenue to his studio in Charlestown.
Okella Wood, a 30-year-old information technology technician, said he's thankful to be off the buses. "The 22 and the 28 were just horrible ways to get to work. It's crowded and its loud,'' he said of two popular bus routes out of Ashmont Station and Mattapan Square. "One of the things I like about the commuter rail is that it's quiet."
Heading to his Uphams Corner neighborhood from South Station recently, Stephen Moss recalled when the elevated Orange line screeched through the heart of the minority community and the void that was created when it was taken down. "This doesn't pick up the same areas, but it gets us to where we want to go quickly,'' he said, pausing. "It's not perfect."
Meghan Irons can be reached at email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @meghanirons.


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|Posted: Mar 15, 2017
Liquid fuel for future computers(Nanowerk News) Researchers at ETH Zurich and IBM Research Zurich have built a tiny redox flow battery. This means that future computer chip stacks -- in which individual chips are stacked like pancakes to save space and energy -- could be supplied with electrical power and cooled at the same time by such integrated flow batteries (Energy & Environmental Science, "3D-printed fluidic networks for high-power-density heat-managing miniaturized redox flow batteries").
|In a flow battery, an electrochemical reaction is used to produce electricity out of two liquid electrolytes, which are pumped to the battery cell from outside via a closed electrolyte loop.
|Three-dimensional chip stacks could be used in computers in the future. Integrated microscale flow batteries could both power and cool them. (Image: IBM Research Zurich) (click on image to enlarge)
|"The chips are effectively operated with a liquid fuel and produce their own electricity," says Dimos Poulikakos, Professor of Thermodynamics at ETH Zurich. As the scientists use two liquids that are known to be suitable both as flow-battery electrolytes and as a medium to also effect cooling, excess heat can also be dissipated from the chip stack via the same circuit.
|The battery built by the scientists is only around 1.5 millimetres thick. The idea would be to assemble chip stacks layer by layer: a computer chip, then a thin battery micro-cell that supplies the chip with electricity and cools it, followed by the next computer chip and so on.
Record-high output
|Previous flow batteries (see box) are usually large scale and used mainly in stationary energy storage applications, for instance in combination with wind farms and solar power plants, where they temporarily store the energy produced there so it can be used at a later time. "We are the first scientists to build such a small flow battery so as to combine energy supply and cooling," says Julian Marschewski, a doctoral student in Poulikakos' group.
|The output of the new micro-battery also reaches a record-high in terms of its size: 1.4 watts per square centimetre of battery surface. Even if you subtract the power required to pump the liquid electrolytes to the battery, the resulting net power density is still 1 watt per square centimetre.
|As the researchers were able to show in an experiment, the electrolyte liquids are actually able to cool a chip. They are even able to dissipate heat amounts many times over what the battery generates as electrical energy (which is converted into heat while the chip is in operation).
Channel system optimised with 3D printing
|According to the scientists, the most serious challenge in constructing the new micro-flow batteries was to build them in such a way that they are supplied with electrolytes as efficiently as possible while at the same time keeping the pumping power as low as possible. "It was important to find the ideal compromise," says Marschewski.
|The electrochemical reactions in the battery occur in two thin and porous electrode layers that are separated by a membrane. Marschewski and his colleagues used 3D-printing technology to build a polymer channel system to press the electrolyte liquid into the porous electrode layer as efficiently as possible. The most suitable of the various designs tested proved to be one made of wedge-shaped convergent channels.
Interesting for large systems, too
|The scientists have now provided an initial proof-of-concept for the construction of a small flow battery. Although the power density of the new micro-flow battery is very high, the electricity produced is still not entirely sufficient to operate a computer chip. In order for the flow battery to be used in a chip stack, it must be further optimised by industry partners.
|As the scientists point out, the new approach is also interesting for other applications: in lasers, for example, which have to be supplied with energy and cooled; or for solar cells, where the electricity produced could be stored directly in the battery cell and used later when needed. The system could also keep the operating temperature of the solar cell at the ideal level. In addition, large flow batteries could also be improved with the optimised approach of forcing the electrolyte liquids through the porous electrodes.
Background: Flow batteries
|Batteries store energy in chemical form and convert it into electricity through electrochemical reactions. In conventional (ion) batteries, the energy is stored in two fixed electrodes; but in flow batteries, it is stored in two liquid electrolytes, which are pumped into the flow battery in two separate circuits.
|"Flow batteries are in principle rechargeable fuel cells," explains ETH doctoral student Julian Marschewski. But while fuel cells can only convert chemical energy into electrical energy, flow batteries can convert into both directions.
|For conventional batteries, the more energy they store, the larger and heavier they are. In flow batteries, the electrolyte liquids (i.e. the fuel) can be supplied from outside. One advantage is that the cells of the flow batteries can be designed smaller and lighter. A disadvantage, however, is that flow batteries require a liquid supply system.
|Source: ETH Zurich


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We selected 7 awesome students' photos to become finalists in our Beat the Boredom photo contest! Everyone will receive a $25 prepaid Visa gift card, but only one lucky person will walk away with the grand prize. Visit our contest page today and cast your vote before it's too late! Voting ends at 11:59 PM on Wednesday, September 11. Help us decide who should win the $500 grand prize!
Thanks to everyone who participated in the contest. There were so many creative photos! To see other awesome entries search #beattheboreom on Twitter and Instagram!


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Miracles in Muscles
10-3/4" x 7-7/8"
|Why It's Interesting
A possible source for Superman. Muscle-building booklet issued by Titus in 1929. Shows strong man holding up train-like object, getting power from yellow sun in top left corner.
This is the first time that I have used for an item of the week a piece that was already on the site. This great image deserves more attention than it has received.
This website seeks to encourage researchers and collectors to discover and study obscure ephemera that document American culture and life. Worldcat reveals that most of the items that I post cannot be found in more than a few research libraries–often none at all. Alternately, research libraries do not bother to catalog ephemeral publications like these. I believe, however, that because these were distributed free, or at nominal cost, to consumers, they were the publications most likely to make their way into homes and be read by large numbers of Americans.
I acquire pre-1960 examples of the kinds of publications that prove so useful when scholars study 19th-Century America. The limited competition that I encounter for them suggests that libraries, which could easily outbid me, have little interest in post-Civil War and 20th-century ephemeral publications in general.
I try to anticipate what materials future historians will find useful. Being an historian first and a collector second, I organized this website to encourage others to do this too—even if this means new competition for me. I am aware that I could be wrong in prizing particular ephemera or even whole classes of ephemera. I may even be wrong to encourage scholars to study obscure ephemeral publications; these may be obscure for good reason.
Ephemerastudies.org will permit me to share with others the information and imagery that I am acquiring, and to benefit from the knowledge, intelligence and experience of other scholars and collectors. Please contact me with your impressions of the site.


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Detroit Auto Show Weekly Brief—1.21.2013
In this week's Brief: Infiniti, Kia, Chrysler, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai, HeERO, eCall, Continental, ASL Vision, Bosch, JAC Motors, The GENIVI Alliance, and Ford
With CES in the rearview mirror, the world's top auto manufacturers got their turn to showcase their new offerings for 2013 this week at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS) in Detroit. The normal brow-raising concept cars and high-performance engines were on display, along with a broad range of telematics and advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) integrations.
Infiniti unveiled a new infotainment system, "Infiniti InTouch." The InTouch system offers dual touchscreens that run on hand gesture recognition technology. The screens aim to give the driver more simultaneous information; for example, turn-by-turn navigation on the top screen and POIs on the bottom screen. Safety features under the "Safety Shield" umbrella include forward collision warning, blind spot intervention, and lane departure prevention. The system will debut on the 2014 Infiniti Q50.
"We have new technologies that embrace the way people live today – seamless connectivity and personalization everywhere they go, including while in their cars, with an optimized human-machine interface for ease of use," says Infiniti President Johan de Nysschen.
Kia expanded the reach of its UVO infotainment system, allowing drivers of the new 2014 Cadenza to control all in-car navigation via voice commands. Previous iterations of the UVO system allowed voice control of mobile phones and radio. Kia calls the updated system "UVO eServices," which also offers robust POIs, new safety features such as 911 Connect and Roadside Assist, and a diagnostics and maintenance portal called "Car Care Web."
Chrysler, fresh off updating its Uconnect infotainment system at CES, rolled out the 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee with an 8.4-inch Uconnect touchscreen embedded in the dash. The integration includes a voice-recognition feature that allows for hands-free texting and voice control of the radio and navigation. ADAS features on the vehicle include park assist, adaptive cruise control, and crash mitigation.
Mercedes-Benz introduced two new vehicles to the E-Class line. The 2014 Saloon and Estate come equipped with the mbrace infotainment system and the Mercedes-Benz Intelligent Drive bundle. Included in the bundle are various ADAS features, such as collision warning, active lane keeping assistance, attention assistance to prevent driver drowsiness, braking assistance, and steering assistance.
Hyundai displayed advanced human-machine interfacing controls in a concept car dubbed the HCD-14 Genesis. The HMI eliminates manual controls and button and knob clusters. In their place, intuitive eye-tracking allows drivers to select infotainment features, such as navigation or internet radio, and then control the features via 3-D gesture control. No word on when this HMI might find its way onto dealers' lots, but Hyundai says its the company's vision for future in-car connectivity platforms.
Outside of NAIAS, six new European countries—Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Luxembourg, Spain and Turkey—joined the pan-European project HeERO to develop eCall. HeERO is an international project, supported by the European Union, that aims to help EU Member States in preparing pilot sites for the deployment of eCall in 2015. Nine other countries are already involved in the pilot, including Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Greece.
Continental acquired ADAS-experts ASL Vision. ASL Vision makes "surround view" systems that detect the entire vehicle surroundings, fusing radar and cameras to detect complex traffic situations such as lane changes, passing other cars and challenging parking circumstances. Continental plans to use surround view technology to enhance its automated driving and ADAS offerings under the ContiGuard Safety package.
Bosch closed contracts with JAC Motors to develop the first in-vehicle infotainment system based on the GENIVI 2.0 platform in China. One memorable feature of the system is a 3D navigation map that uses pieces of Chinese painting art to highlight landmarks. Plans are to roll the system out to high-end passenger cars in 2014.
Finally, Ford unveiled an open developer platform, OpenXC, to encourage developers, researchers, and hackers to focus on using vehicle data to create breakthrough innovations in the car environment. This is Ford's second announcement of this nature in two weeks; last week at CES Ford launched the Ford Developer Program to open up the SYNC AppLink API to third-party developers. The OpenXC kit allows developers to read data from the vehicle's internal communications network and provides real-time access to parameters like the vehicle sensors, GPS receiver, and vehicle speed.
"By connecting cars and trucks to wireless networks, and giving unheard-of access to vehicle data, entirely new application categories and hardware modules can be explored," says Paul Mascarenas, Ford vice president and chief technical officer. "Safety, energy efficiency, sharing, health; the list goes on. OpenXC gives developers and researchers the tools they need to get involved."
For exclusive business analysis and insight about telematics applications, see Industry Insight: Telematics and Apps.
For all the latest information and trends in V2X and driver safety, visit V2X for Auto Safety and Mobility Europe 2013 on February 20-21 in Frankfurt.
Coming up in 2013: V2X for Auto Safety and Mobility Europe 2013 on February 19-20 in Frankfurt, Telematics for Fleet Management Europe 2013 on March 19-20 in Amsterdam, Insurance Telematics Europe 2013 on May 8-9 in London and Telematics India and South Asia 2013 on June 5-7 in India.
For exclusive telematics business analysis and insight, check out TU's reports on In-Vehicle Smartphone Integration Report, Human Machine Interface Technologies and Smart Vehicle Technology: The Future of Insurance Telematics.


text: Given last year's revelations about the National Security Agency's (NSA) massive surveillance and data analytics conducted on Americans, along with continuing stories about local police scanning thousands of license plates per day, it might sound absurd to say that government lags behind the private sector in the use of Big Data analytics. [Big Data security, privacy concerns remain unanswered]But those examples tend to be outliers among the nation's sprawling bureaucracies, especially at the state and local levels. In general, the private sector is well ahead of the public sector in the use of Big Data analytics, according to a recent report titled "Realizing the promise of Big Data," sponsored by the IBM Center for the Business of Government. While the report's author, Kevin Desouza, an associate dean for research at Arizona State University, cited multiple examples of it being used in government, he found that the overall promise of Big Data analytics is largely unrealized so far in the public sector. He called it, "a new frontier" for government at all levels.There are multiple reasons for that, Desouza concluded, after interviewing 22 federal, state and local chief information officers (CIO). One of the most significant is that those outside of IT don't yet understand the concept, or are fearful that the public will perceive Big Data as Big Brother. "Outside of IT no one gets the term," one CIO told Desouza. "The few (managers) that do have some views on it have been put off due to the privacy concerns because of the NSA's surveillance program."Those concerns are legitimate, but lack some context. Kelly Stirman, director of product marketing at MongoDB, said what many other experts say: "The private sector knows much more about you than government ever will. But people have been willing to trade their information for convenience."That is what Desouza found \u2014 that the private sector has been able, through things like terms-of-service agreements for mobile apps, "to collect immense amounts of information on individuals with limited pushback."With government, it is different. There were ferocious protests last year after revelations from former NSA contractor Edward Snowden about the extent of the agency's surveillance of U.S. citizens, including reports that on a single day the NSA had collected hundreds of thousands of email address books from vendors including Yahoo, Microsoft's Hotmail, Facebook, Google's Gmail service and others.[Chomsky, Gellman talk Big Data at MIT conference]Beyond that is the reality that the private sector tends to be more nimble than government and is better able to attract top talent. Government is more likely to be constrained by both political pressure and bureaucracy.Kimberley Williams, chief strategist, public sector, at Informatica, said none of this should be a surprise, since the roles and motives of the private and public sector are different. [Big Data without good analytics can lead to bad decisions]While government has been using Big Data for years in areas like intelligence, the census, taxes and Social Security, "what is new to government is the realization that Big Data can and should be used to drive, reform and refine public policy, as well as defend and protect," she said.A.J. Clark, president of Thermopylae said that investments in counter-terrorism after 9\/11 meant that, "certain elements of the public sector led the Big Data movement. Statistics from agencies involved with Remote Sensing \u2013 satellite imaging, full motion video collection, aerial imaging such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) \u2013 show that there has been a watershed of big data growing in their environments," he said.But, "many of the advances in big data did not transcend the agencies they originated in and the public sector as a whole did not benefit," he said.Williams said another factor is that the private sector's use of Big Data is driven by the profit motive and competition, while, "government is not profit-driven and maintains a captive audience. So, the drivers of Big Data projects in government are inherently different and frankly not as urgent, except for intelligence and law enforcement."She estimates that most of the public sector is about five years behind the private, "with no imperative to catch up and the reality that Big Data projects may remain an unfunded mandate or underfunded project\/program."Other experts agree, although there are mixed opinions on how far behind. Clark estimates it to be 18 months, while Chris Petersen, CTO and cofounder of LogRhythm, said he thinks it amounts to "years," but that the gap is less in the area of cyber security.CIOs admit that they are behind. They told Desouza that they simply don't have the technical capability or staff with enough expertise to conduct Big Data analytics. Not one had made use of unstructured data. "Isn't that a critical element of Big Data? If so, then we are not doing anything in the Big Data space, as we have not touched unstructured data. All of our data has some structure, and most of it is highly structured," one of them said.[Can we use Big Data to stop healthcare hacks?]But it has exploded in the private sector. The Boston Globe reported more than two years ago that Massachusetts alone is home to more than 100 companies focused on Big Data.Pam Dixon, executive director of the World Privacy Forum (WPF), estimated last fall that there were about 4,000 data brokers in the U.S., all of them collecting and selling data on people's activities, both online and off \u2014 license plate scanning is not confined to law enforcement departments.[Big Data can be a big headache for data defenders]And there are hundreds of stories of private firms using Big Data to gain market share, improve their bottom line, curb fraud and theft and become more efficient. Compass Group Canada, which operates more than 2,000 food service locations in that country, recently began using software from Boston-based Lavastorm Analytics to analyze data on money or merchandise either being misplaced or stolen by employees or customers. They found the analysis much more efficient than analyzing thousands of hours of video footage.Desouza also cited Merck's use of weather data in July 2012 to anticipate greater demand for its allergy pill, Claritin, in May 2013, and Google's early detection model of flu outbreaks, called Google Flu Trends that, in 2009, was able to track trends in the H1N1 flu epidemic "days faster" than the federal Centers for Disease Control.That doesn't mean there is no progress in the public sector. Boston's former police commissioner, Edward Davis, recently joined the board of Mark43, a tech startup founded by three Harvard graduates that makes software to analyze data on crime and gangs, and improves management of police records on suspects. The good news for the fledgling company \u2013 but not so good for the reputation of government services \u2013 is that the field is relatively wide open. The class project that led to the founding of Mark43 was to come up with a program that could use analytics to track gang relationships in Springfield, Mass."We didn't know much about law enforcement," said CEO and cofounder Scott Crouch. But, "the first thing we noticed was that their law enforcement software was awful."Improving the technology and the productive analysis of data by government clearly could make government more efficient and offers the hope of curbing the classic bugaboos of "waste, fraud and abuse.""Analytics now holds great promise for increasing the efficiency of operations, mitigating risks, and increasing citizen engagement and public value," Desouza wrote in his report.[Big Data investigations: Opportunity and risk]But it will take some changes, experts say. "Human capital is clearly a major problem," Williams said. "Government has a serious lack of scientists, an aging workforce, ongoing budget and pension challenges and an inability to attract technology-savvy employees."Government is also hamstrung by long-term contracts with vendors supplying proprietary technology, Stirman said. "Because government agencies are so large, they get into contracts worth hundreds of millions, and they can't easily untangle themselves even if there are problems."The hope for change, he said, lies in the fact that, "most of the (Big Data) technologies are open-source, which means you don't have to get locked in with a vendor with proprietary technology. Anyone can learn it \u2014 you can become an expert without going through a big certification process. It's really important that government take advantage of it," he said.It will also take more cooperation, according to Clark. "Data sharing is critical for Big Data analytics, and I see that the private sector as a whole is able to share their data more easily with one another than the public sector has been able to over the last decade" he said.[Big Data mining: Who owns your social network data?]And it will take investment. Petersen said he thinks the "overall impediment to use of Big Data in the public sector is cost. Big Data projects are expensive, very similar to home-grown application development." But, done right, they could, "likely enable the delivery of higher quality services at a lower overall cost," he said.Clark said it is important for the public sector to make that investment to avoid a widening "technology gap. If the approximate 18-month gap grows to over 36 months, which is two technology cycles based on Moore's Law, it will be very difficult for the public sector to leverage the cost efficiencies of private commercial technology solutions," he said.But Gary King, director of the Institute for Quantitative Social Science at Harvard University, said things can change quickly in both the private and public sector. "Large parts of the commercial sector are also far behind what could be done," he said. "This is a dynamic field with fast progress."


text:
* Any views expressed in this article are those of the author and not of Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Typhoon Chanthu is forecast to strike China at about 18:00 GMT on 12 September. Data supplied by the US Navy and Air Force Joint Typhoon Warning Center suggest that the point of landfall will be near 23.6 N, 117.7 E. Chanthu is expected to bring 1-minute maximum sustained winds to the region of around 203 km/h (126 mph). Wind gusts in the area may be considerably higher.
According to the Saffir-Simpson damage scale the potential property damage and flooding from a storm of Chanthu's strength (category 3) at landfall includes: Storm surge generally 2.7-3.7 metres (9-12 feet) above normal. Some structural damage to small residences and utility buildings with a minor amount of curtainwall failures. Damage to shrubbery and trees with foliage blown off trees and large trees blown down. Mobile homes and poorly constructed signs are destroyed. Low-lying escape routes are cut by rising water 3-5 hours before arrival of the centre of the storm. Flooding near the coast destroys smaller structures with larger structures damaged by battering from floating debris. Terrain continuously lower than 1.5 metres (5 feet) above mean sea level may be flooded inland 13 km (8 miles) or more. Evacuation of low-lying residences within several blocks of the shoreline may be required. There is also the potential for flooding further inland due to heavy rain.
The information above is provided for guidance only and should not be used to make life or death decisions or decisions relating to property. Anyone in the region who is concerned for their personal safety or property should contact their official national weather agency or warning centre for advice.
This alert is provided by Tropical Storm Risk (TSR).


text:
CAZypedia needs your input! We have many unassigned GH, PL, CE, AA, GT, and CBM pages in need of Authors and Responsible Curators.
Scientists at all career stages, including students, are welcome to contribute to CAZypedia. Read more here, and in the 10th anniversary article in Glycobiology.
New to the CAZy classification? Read this first.
Difference between revisions of "Glycoside Hydrolase Family 77"
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== Family Firsts ==
== Family Firsts ==
;First stereochemistry determination:
;First stereochemistry determination:
;First catalytic nucleophile identification: The assumed catalytic nucleophile, Asp293, was identified as a catalytic residue in the amylomaltase from ''Thermus thermophilus'' by making the site-directed mutant enzymes (D293N and D293A) that exhibited greatly reduced disproportionation activity Kaper2007.
;First catalytic nucleophile identification: The assumed catalytic nucleophile, Asp293, was identified as a catalytic residue in the amylomaltase from ''Thermus thermophilus'' by making the site-directed mutant enzymes (D293N and D293A) that exhibited greatly reduced disproportionation activity Kaper2007.
;First general acid/base residue identification: The assumed catalytic proton donor, Glu340, was identified as a catalytic residue in the amylomaltase from ''Thermus thermophilus'' by making the site-directed mutant enzymes (E340Q and E340A) that exhibited greatly reduced disproportionation activity Kaper2007.
;First general acid/base residue identification: The assumed catalytic proton donor, Glu340, was identified as a catalytic residue in the amylomaltase from ''Thermus thermophilus'' by making the site-directed mutant enzymes (E340Q and E340A) that exhibited greatly reduced disproportionation activity Kaper2007.
Revision as of 04:01, 2 July 2014
This page is currently under construction. This means that the Responsible Curator has deemed that the page's content is not quite up to CAZypedia's standards for full public consumption. All information should be considered to be under revision and may be subject to major changes.
- Author: ^^^Stefan Janecek^^^
- Responsible Curator: ^^^Stefan Janecek^^^
|Glycoside Hydrolase Family GH77
|Active site residues
|CAZy DB link
Substrate specificities
Glycoside hydrolase family GH77 is the member of the α-amylase clan GH-H [1], together with GH13 and GH70 [2]. The family is monospecific with the 4-α-glucanotransferase (EC 220.127.116.11), that is known as disproportionating enzyme (D-enzyme) in plants [3] or amylomaltase in bacteria [4] and archaeons [5]. Around 2,000 members [6] originates almost exclusively from Bacteria; and the family contains also a few tens of additional sequences from each Archaea and Eucarya (plants and green algae).
Amylomaltase catalyses the glucan-chain transfer from one α-1,4-glucan to another α-1,4-glucan (or to 4-hydroxyl group of glucose) or within a single linear glucan molecule to produce a cyclic α-1,4-glucan with degree of polymerization starting from 17 [3, 4, 5]. Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, a member of the α-amylase family GH13, also produces cyclic α-1,4-glucans, but with a small degree of polymerization (6-8), called cyclodextrins [7].
Five tertiary structures have been determined and only slightly above 1% of the family members have already been biochemically characterized [6]. The main structural feature that discriminates the family GH77 amylomaltases from typical α-amylase family GH13 members is the lack of domain C [8] that succeeds the catalytic (β/α)8-barrel (TIM-barrel) in the family GH13. The eight-fold symmetry of the catalytic barrel is in the family GH77 disrupted by several insertions between the barrel β-strands that form the so-called subdomains B1, B2 and B3 [8]. Subdomain B1 consists of a highly twisted four-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with two α-helices and it is also present in other enzymes from the α-amylase clan GH-H (known as domain B). Subdomain B2 has predominantly an α-helical structure and it is unique to amylomaltases. Subdomain B3 could have a role of domain C from the α-amylase family [8].
Interestingly, primary structures of amylomaltases from borreliae contain unique sequence features [9], i.e. natural mutations in functionally important positions from conserved sequence regions. The most important and remarkable is represented by otherwise extremely well-conserved and functional arginine in position i-2 with respect to the catalytic nucleophile that is replaced naturally by a lysine [9]. It is worth mentioning that this arginine positioned two residues before the catalytic nucleophile in the conserved sequence region II was considered to belong to the four residues conserved invariantly throughout the α-amylase family [10]. Its substitution is therefore of a special interest because the GH77 protein from Borrelia burgdorferi does exhibit the real amylomaltase activity [11]. Since, however, the lysine could eventually play the role of the original arginine, it is not possible to say unambiguously that the catalytic triad alone (aspartic acid, glutamic acid and aspartic acid at strands β4, β5 and β7, respectively, of the catalytic TIM-barrel) is enough for a GH-H protein to be a real functional member of the α-amylase family [11]. There are several additional putative amylomaltases from various borreliae available; some of them possess the Arg-to-Lys mutation and some of them not, indicating the group of borreliae may occupy an outstanding position in evolution of this 4-α-glucanotransferase family.
In plants especially (although also in some bacteria) a longer version of D-enzyme (DPE1) was identified and named as DPE2 [12, 13]. It usually contains a ~140 amino acid residues long insert within the catalytic GH77 TIM barrel and two copies of starch-binding domain of family CBM20 succeeded by a short coiled coil motif positioned N-terminally [14]. Interestingly, removing the insert leads to inactivation of the DPE2 although the insert itself has nothing to do with the catalytic action [15].
Kinetics and Mechanism
The GH77 members are believed to employ the retaining reaction mechanism as used in the family GH13 [16] following the classical Koshland double-displacement mechanism.
Reaction products were analysed for several family GH77 enzymes by TLC (mainly) and HPLC, including the D-enzyme from potato [3] as well as amylomaltases from Clostridium butyricum [17], Thermus aquaticus [4], Aquifex aeolicus [18], Pyrobaculum aerophilum [5], Thermus thermophilus [19] and Borrelia burgdorferi [11], but the exact kinetics were determined only for a few, e.g., [5, 18, 19].
Catalytic Residues
They fold into a (β/α)8-barrel with the catalytic machinery consisting of a strand β4-aspartic acid (catalytic nucleophile), β5-glutamic acid (proton donor) and β7-aspartic acid (transition-state stabilizer). These are, e.g., the Asp293, Glu340 and Asp395 in the amylomaltase from Thermus aquaticus [8]. The somewhat unusual conformations exhibited mainly by the supposed catalytic nucleophile (Asp293) has been explained by the high experimental pH of 9.0 used during the crystallization [20]. This catalytic triad has, however, been confirmed by a later site-directed mutagenesis study. All the family GH77 4-α-glucanotransferases share the 4-7 conserved sequence regions [9, 11] characteristic for the entire α-amylase clan GH-H [10].
Three-dimensional structures
The five above-mentioned 3-D structures have been solved for the following family GH77 members: (i) the amylomaltases from Thermus aquaticus [8], Aquifex aeolicus (unpublished; PDB ID 1tz7), Thermus thermophilus [21] and Thermus brockianus [22]; and (ii) the D-enzyme from potato (unpublished; PDB ID 1x1n). The crystallization of the amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum has also been reported [23].
Family Firsts
- First stereochemistry determination
- Until now, there is no direct evidence concerning the α-anomeric configuration of the glucosidic bond in the reaction product of any family GH77 4-α-glucanotransferase.
- First catalytic nucleophile identification
- The assumed catalytic nucleophile, Asp293, was identified as a catalytic residue in the amylomaltase from Thermus thermophilus by making the site-directed mutant enzymes (D293N and D293A) that exhibited greatly reduced disproportionation activity [19].
- First general acid/base residue identification
- The assumed catalytic proton donor, Glu340, was identified as a catalytic residue in the amylomaltase from Thermus thermophilus by making the site-directed mutant enzymes (E340Q and E340A) that exhibited greatly reduced disproportionation activity [19].
- First 3-D structure
- The first 3-D structure of a GH77 member was that of the amylomaltase from Thermus aquaticus solved first as a free enzyme (PDB ID 1cwy) [8] and subsequently also as a complex with acarbose (PDB ID 1esw) [20].
- Cantarel BL, Coutinho PM, Rancurel C, Bernard T, Lombard V, and Henrissat B. (2009). The Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes database (CAZy): an expert resource for Glycogenomics. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009;37(Database issue):D233-8. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn663 |
- MacGregor EA, Janecek S, and Svensson B. (2001). Relationship of sequence and structure to specificity in the alpha-amylase family of enzymes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;1546(1):1-20. DOI:10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00302-2 |
- Takaha T, Yanase M, Okada S, and Smith SM. (1993). Disproportionating enzyme (4-alpha-glucanotransferase; EC 184.108.40.206) of potato. Purification, molecular cloning, and potential role in starch metabolism. J Biol Chem. 1993;268(2):1391-6. | Google Books | Open Library
- Terada Y, Fujii K, Takaha T, and Okada S. (1999). Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 amylomaltase gene cloning and expression and enzyme characterization: production of cycloamylose. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1999;65(3):910-5. DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.3.910-915.1999 |
- Kaper T, Talik B, Ettema TJ, Bos H, van der Maarel MJ, and Dijkhuizen L. (2005). Amylomaltase of Pyrobaculum aerophilum IM2 produces thermoreversible starch gels. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71(9):5098-106. DOI:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5098-5106.2005 |
- Lombard V, Golaconda Ramulu H, Drula E, Coutinho PM, and Henrissat B. (2014). The carbohydrate-active enzymes database (CAZy) in 2013. Nucleic Acids Res. 2014;42(Database issue):D490-5. DOI:10.1093/nar/gkt1178 |
- Leemhuis H, Kelly RM, and Dijkhuizen L. (2010). Engineering of cyclodextrin glucanotransferases and the impact for biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;85(4):823-35. DOI:10.1007/s00253-009-2221-3 |
- Przylas I, Tomoo K, Terada Y, Takaha T, Fujii K, Saenger W, and Sträter N. (2000). Crystal structure of amylomaltase from thermus aquaticus, a glycosyltransferase catalysing the production of large cyclic glucans. J Mol Biol. 2000;296(3):873-86. DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3503 |
Machovic M, and Janecek S. The invariant residues in the α-amylase family: just the catalytic triad. Biologia 2003; 58(6):1127-32. (PDF)
Janecek S. How many conserved sequence regions are there in the α-amylase family? Biologia 2002; 57(Suppl. 11):29-41. (PDF)
- Godány A, Vidová B, and Janecek S. (2008). The unique glycoside hydrolase family 77 amylomaltase from Borrelia burgdorferi with only catalytic triad conserved. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2008;284(1):84-91. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01191.x |
- Lloyd JR, Blennow A, Burhenne K, and Kossmann J. (2004). Repression of a novel isoform of disproportionating enzyme (stDPE2) in potato leads to inhibition of starch degradation in leaves but not tubers stored at low temperature. Plant Physiol. 2004;134(4):1347-54. DOI:10.1104/pp.103.038026 |
- Lu Y and Sharkey TD. (2004). The role of amylomaltase in maltose metabolism in the cytosol of photosynthetic cells. Planta. 2004;218(3):466-73. DOI:10.1007/s00425-003-1127-z |
- Steichen JM, Petty RV, and Sharkey TD. (2008). Domain characterization of a 4-alpha-glucanotransferase essential for maltose metabolism in photosynthetic leaves. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(30):20797-804. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M803051200 |
- Ruzanski C, Smirnova J, Rejzek M, Cockburn D, Pedersen HL, Pike M, Willats WG, Svensson B, Steup M, Ebenhöh O, Smith AM, and Field RA. (2013). A bacterial glucanotransferase can replace the complex maltose metabolism required for starch to sucrose conversion in leaves at night. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(40):28581-98. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M113.497867 |
- Uitdehaag JC, Mosi R, Kalk KH, van der Veen BA, Dijkhuizen L, Withers SG, and Dijkstra BW. (1999). X-ray structures along the reaction pathway of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase elucidate catalysis in the alpha-amylase family. Nat Struct Biol. 1999;6(5):432-6. DOI:10.1038/8235 |
- Goda SK, Eissa O, Akhtar M, and Minton NP. (1997). Molecular analysis of a Clostridium butyricum NCIMB 7423 gene encoding 4-alpha-glucanotransferase and characterization of the recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli. Microbiology (Reading). 1997;143 ( Pt 10):3287-3294. DOI:10.1099/00221287-143-10-3287 |
Bhuiyan SH, Kitaoka M, and Hayashi K. A cycloamylose-forming hyperthermostable 4-α-glucanotransferase of Aquifex aeolicus expressed in Escherichia coli. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 2003; 22:45-53. (DOI: 10.1016/S1381-1177(03)00005-5)
- Kaper T, Leemhuis H, Uitdehaag JC, van der Veen BA, Dijkstra BW, van der Maarel MJ, and Dijkhuizen L. (2007). Identification of acceptor substrate binding subsites +2 and +3 in the amylomaltase from Thermus thermophilus HB8. Biochemistry. 2007;46(17):5261-9. DOI:10.1021/bi602408j |
- Przylas I, Terada Y, Fujii K, Takaha T, Saenger W, and Sträter N. (2000). X-ray structure of acarbose bound to amylomaltase from Thermus aquaticus. Implications for the synthesis of large cyclic glucans. Eur J Biochem. 2000;267(23):6903-13. DOI:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2000.01790.x |
- Barends TR, Bultema JB, Kaper T, van der Maarel MJ, Dijkhuizen L, and Dijkstra BW. (2007). Three-way stabilization of the covalent intermediate in amylomaltase, an alpha-amylase-like transglycosylase. J Biol Chem. 2007;282(23):17242-9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M701444200 |
- Jung JH, Jung TY, Seo DH, Yoon SM, Choi HC, Park BC, Park CS, and Woo EJ. (2011). Structural and functional analysis of substrate recognition by the 250s loop in amylomaltase from Thermus brockianus. Proteins. 2011;79(2):633-44. DOI:10.1002/prot.22911 |
- Srisimarat W, Murakami S, Pongsawasdi P, and Krusong K. (2013). Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of the amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2013;69(Pt 9):1004-6. DOI:10.1107/S1744309113020319 |
- Hoon-Hanks LL, Morton EA, Lybecker MC, Battisti JM, Samuels DS, and Drecktrah D. (2012). Borrelia burgdorferi malQ mutants utilize disaccharides and traverse the enzootic cycle. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;66(2):157-65. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-695X.2012.00996.x |


text:
Had the striking miners triumphed at Waihi in 1912, labour moderates like subsequent parliamentary leaders Harry Holland and Michael Savage might have been consigned to the dustbins of history.
And J. B. King, leader of New Zealand's revolutionary Industrial Workers of the World, instead of fleeing New Zealand to avoid prosecution for preaching violence and sabotage, might have stayed to lead a militant Labour Party to power.
And the banks would have been nationalised and workers' control of industry implemented and a republic declared and New Zealand begun working closely with revolutionary Russia on foreign policy.
But-- the miners were defeated.
And in the process a union member, Frederick George Evans, a member of the Waihi Miners' Union, was murdered by rampaging scabs and police seizing the miners' hall. With Waihi now occupied by police and scabs, Evans' body was brought up to Auckland and buried at Waikaraka cemetery, Onehunga.
Above his grave rises a broken column, the symbol of a life cut short.
Every year the death of Frederick Evans is remembered in November, the month he died. This year the F. G. Evans Memorial Committee is calling on unionists and supporters to gather at the grave at Waikaraka cemetery, Onehunga, at 3pm on Friday Nov 12, the date Evans was murdered.
Following the ceremony, where a wreath will be laid, there will be refreshments at the offices of the National Distribution Union, Onehunga and discussions on how best to mark the centenary of the Waihi strike, coming up in two years' time.
The killing of Fred Evans
On 'Black Tuesday', 12 November 1912, in the midst of a bitter six-month strike by miners in the small New Zealand goldmining town of Waihi, striker Fred Evans was killed - one of only two fatalities* in an industrial dispute in New Zealand's history.
The 'Red Feds'
An Australian-born stationary-engine driver, Evans belonged to the militant Waihi Trade Union of Workers. Led by Bill Parry, also Australian-born, this was affiliated to the New Zealand Federation of Labour ('Red Feds') and was implacably opposed to the Waihi Goldmining Company. In May 1912 the union went on strike in protest at the formation of a company-inspired breakaway union for engine-drivers.
The local police inspector initially adopted a low-key response to the dispute, but he was overruled by the tough Police Commissioner John Cullen, who ordered extra forces to be sent to the town. In July William Massey's conservative Reform Party came to power. Enthusiastically backed by Cullen, Massey was determined to crush the 'enemies of order'.
Eventually about 80 police - 10% of the New Zealand Police Force - were deployed in the town. Leading strikers, including Evans, were arrested, and more than 60 were gaoled. Parry was sentenced to four months in Mt Eden prison. The Red Fed leaders began to lose control of the strike as workers influenced by the radical American-based Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or 'Wobblies') demanded more militant action.
In October the company reopened the mines with non-union labour. Among the strike-breakers was Thomas Johnston, like Evans born in Victoria. Johnston was driven to seek work at Waihi by the failure of his Auckland market garden, which plunged his family into destitution. Travelling to and from work under police protection, he and his fellow 'scabs' were showered with stones and taunts by the striking miners and their wives, who took an increasingly prominent role.
Armed struggle
Escalating violence in Waihi culminated in the dramatic events of 'Black Tuesday', 12 November 1912. A crowd of strike-breakers and police stormed the miners' hall, at the time defended by Evans and just two or three other men. Both sides were armed. During a struggle at the door, Johnston was shot in the knee, probably by Evans. A police constable was shot in the stomach, but managed to fell Evans with his baton. Evans went down under a barrage of boots and blows.
Left for an hour and a half in police cells before being taken to hospital, Evans never regained consciousness and died the next day. Johnston's and the constable's injuries were slight. As the strike collapsed, strikers and their families were hunted through the streets by armed mobs. The violence was as vicious as any seen in a civil conflict in New Zealand, and hundreds of people fled Waihi over the following days.
The Red Feds gave Evans a massive political funeral in Auckland. If Evans had shot a policeman, Red Fed leader Bob Semple thundered, then he was 'doing his duty and should have shot more of them.' But despite their rhetoric, the Red Feds responded cautiously to the defeat at Waihi. Many moderate unionists, who had opposed the strike, had become increasingly alarmed at the government's harsh response. Aware of the opportunity this presented, the Red Feds began to seek unity with the moderates they had previously damned.
The final showdown
At two unity conferences in 1913 a tentative consensus was reached, and a new United Federation of Labour (UFL) was formed. In late 1913, however, separate disputes on the Wellington wharves and Huntly coalmines escalated into a nationwide watersiders' and miners' strike. This time Massey was determined to crush militant unionism once and for all.
Mounted 'special' police, derisively dubbed 'Massey's Cossacks', were soon involved in violent clashes with strikers on the streets of Wellington. When the wharves were reopened with non-union labour, under heavy police protection, the UFL called a general strike, but except in Auckland, where more than 5,000 workers responded, this fizzled out. Within days, many leading unionists had been arrested for 'sedition' or for inciting violence, and by the end of the year the strike had been crushed.
A labour martyr
Fred Evans's death transformed an obscure figure into a martyr of the labour movement. Each year a commemorative service is held at his grave in Auckland's Waikaraka Cemetery. As for Johnston, he was committed to a mental hospital, escaped, and later disappeared from view. Bill Parry fared better: he was elected to Parliament for the Labour Party in Auckland Central in 1919, and when Labour triumphed in 1935 he became Minister of Internal Affairs. A street in Waihi was even named after him.
*The other fatality was Christine Clark who died on New Year's eve 1999 from brain injuries she suffered when run over while on a picket line at the Port of Lyttelton.


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Breaking Spiritual Strongholds and Healing the Wounded Spirit: Dealing with Root Causes
"The punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed," Isaiah 53:5.
INTRODUCTION: Breaking Spiritual Strongholds and Healing the Wounded Spirit Chapter 1. Our Triune Nature: Spirit, Soul and Body Chapter 2. Nature of Spiritual Strongholds: In the Mind, Emotions and Will Chapter 3. The Nature of a Wounded Spirit, Crushed Spirit, or Broken Spirit What is a wounded spirit? Scars Showing Healed Wounds Vs. those Showing Wounds Yet to HealChapter 4. Deception, the No. 1 Doorway for Spiritual Wounds What is deception? How does deception work in people? What about a seared or burnt conscience? Can a Christian have a seared or burnt conscience? Three sources of deception: 1. Through deceiving spirits (fallen angels) Three sources of deception: 2. Through ourselves (self-deception) Three sources of deception: 3. Through other people: a) In the World Three sources of deception: 3. Through other people: b) In the Church How deception yielded to can result into a wounded spirit Some examples of deception resulting into a wounded spiritChapter 5. The Other Three Sources of Spiritual Wounds and Strongholds Ignorance, sin, and storms of life, doorways for wounds and strongholds 1) Ignorance 2) Sin 3) Storms of life (when responded to in a wrong way)Chapter 6. Effects of a Wounded Spirit (Broken or Crushed Spirit) The original wounds and their byproducts (secondary wounds) Mental effects from the original wounds and their byproducts Emotional effects from the original wounds and their byproducts Effects in the will from the original wounds and their byproductsChapter 7. Personality's Role in Influencing our Spiritual Health Intro: "Whatever is right, whatever is pure…think about such things" Understanding our unique makeup from a biblical perspective Our uniqueness using secular principles: The Four Temperament Theory Our uniqueness using secular principles: Introversion and Extraversion Our uniqueness using secular principles: Cognitive Personality Theories Our uniqueness using secular principles: Behavioral TheoriesChapter 8. Healing the Wounded Spirit: The Christian Approach Avoiding jumping to conclusions on the root causes Avoiding Easy Conclusions in Relation to Dealing with a Wounded Spirit Doing Our Part in the Healing Process: Embracing Truths in God's Word God's Role: The Role of the Holy Spirit in the Healing Process Prayerfully searching for doorways of access Basic steps of faith to deliverance and healingChapter 9. Healing the Wounded Spirit: With Secular Approaches 1. Medication (with lots of caution) 2. Psychotherapy (has its limitations): Techniques like CBT and SBT The limits of secular approachesChapter 10. The Enemy Within: Breaking Strongholds Hiding in Our Lives Reality: The state of things as they really or truly are. No biases Cognitive biases: How we think inside our boxes The Christian box, the only mental box worth remaining in Removing unnecessary boxes: Overcoming the enemy withinChapter 11. Maintaining a Healthy Spirit and Embracing God's "Plan B" Maintaining a healthy spirit in life's journey Embracing God's "Plan B" in life's journeyChapter 12. Overcoming Guilt, Guilty Conscience and Self-Condemnation Marks of self-condemnation and guilty feelings Nature of guilt and self-condemnation The purpose of guilt from our conscience Cause of unhealthy or unscriptural guilt and how to overcome it What does God's word say about our past sins and wrongs? The most common experiences that result in unhealthy guiltChapter 13. Deliverance from Demonic Experiences and Demonic Manifestations Deliverance from demonic manifestations & tapping into the spirit world What causes some people to sense, see, smell, or hear evil spirit beings? Deliverance and healing part 1: closing the legal doorways Deliverance and healing part 2: Seeking God's intervention Standing in faith and obedience throughout the healing process Deliverance and healing from spiritual attacks through dreamsChapter 14. Deliverance and Healing from the Occult, Witchcraft & Satanism Deliverance the occult, from witchcraft and from SatanismAppendix 1. Cognitive Biases: How we Think Inside our Boxes A List of Cognitive Biases Quotations on Reality and the Way it is Perceived Quotations on Building a Mindset Grounded in Faith and God's Word * Breaking Strongholds Book References * Breaking Strongholds Book Index
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Layar SDK Update: Custom Location and New Callbacks
Good news! We've recently updated the Layar SDK as we continue to make it as easy as possible to embed your own Augmented Reality (AR) experiences into your own iOS and Android apps.
Having the freedom to customize your AR experience to fit your brand and your users' needs has always been a cornerstone of the Layar SDK, and with this latest update we aim to continue that tradition. So what's new in the latest version?
Custom Location Provider
You no longer need to rely solely on the built-in GPS of the user's device to get location data. Now you can hook into any location provider that you choose. For example, you can use iBeacons to create a more accurate location-based AR experience when indoors.
A note to developers: the Layar SDK simply allows for a custom location provider but does not include any alternative providers itself, that part is up to you!
More Custom Callbacks
We've added more callbacks that give you more control over the look-and-feel of your experience. For Geo Layers, you can now opt to remove the compass and the messages shown at the top which usually pertain to the number of results found nearby.
These changes make it even easier to create your own customized AR experience, whether that means creating a custom look or using advanced custom location providers to make a more engaging experience.
If you're an existing SDK user, check your inbox for instructions on updating your SDK. Or if you're interested in using the SDK, you can try it now for free!
Permalink: www.layar.com/news/blog/597


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NASA's Kepler space telescope may be hobbled, but scientists continue to pull new discoveries from its huge dataset.
The space agency will announce more findings by Kepler — whose original planet-hunting mission was halted by a glitch in May 2013 — during a press conference on Wednesday (Feb. 26). You can listen to the event, which begins at 1 p.m. EST (1800 GMT), live here on Space.com, courtesy of NASA.
The following people will participate in the press conference:
— Douglas Hudgins, exoplanet exploration program scientist, NASA's Astrophysics Division in Washington
— Jack Lissauer, planetary scientist, NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
— Jason Rowe, research scientist, SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, Mountain View, Calif.
— Sara Seager, professor of planetary science and physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
The $600 million Kepler mission launched in March 2009 to determine how commonly Earth-like planets occur around the Milky Way galaxy. Kepler has been incredibly prolific and successful, detecting 3,600 potential exoplanets to date, 246 of which have been confirmed by follow-up observations. (Mission scientists expect that at least 90 percent of Kepler's candidates will turn out to be the real deal.)
Kepler's original mission ended in May 2013 when the second of its four orientation-maintaining reaction wheels failed, robbing the instrument of its ultraprecise pointing ability. However, Kepler team members have said that the data the observatory gathered in its first four years of operation should allow them to achieve the mission's major goals.
Further, researchers have proposed a new mission for Kepler called K2, which would allow the observatory to continue hunting for alien planets (albeit in a modified fashion), as well as other celestial objects and phenomena such as comets, asteroids and supernova explosions.
NASA is expected to make a final decision about the K2 mission proposal, and Kepler's ultimate fate, by this summer.
Follow Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall and Google+. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on Space.com.


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TEMPLE Module - Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
We know that learning about a Metabolic Condition can be confusing, as there is a lot to take in and understand. We created TEMPLE (which stands for Tools Enabling Metabolic Parents' LEarning) to provide support and help families of newly diagnosed children to better understand the condition. TEMPLE provides a way for your Doctor or Dietitian to explain the condition in a clear and consistent way, covering topics such as diagnosis, genetics and dietary management.
TEMPLE has been developed in collaboration with the British Inherited Metabolic Disease Group (BIMDG) to ensure that all the essential and relevant information is included to help you feel more confident about managing your child's Metabolic Condition.
We hope that the TEMPLE tool has helped make things a little clearer. To access the slides click here.


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The Dawning of the Day
A study of a misty early morning.
The wide expanse of the Liffey flowing under the Talbot Memorial Bridge with plumes of smoke from a Guinness ship and the Poolbeg chimleys, drifting up to a dawn sky, slowly changeing to sunrise.
April 1985 Sir John Rogerson's Quay Custom House Quay
Dublin Ireland
O' Connell Bridge
March 1987
Dublin Ireland
Lucky Coady Image 1
No 39 Lucky Coady gained a reputation as the place to go if you wanted to hit the jackpot in the Irish Sweepstakes, this little shop standing on Dame Street sold many winning tickets from the 1930s to the mid 80s.
The Victorian building is still in use as a restaurant.
March 1987 Lucky Coady
Dame Street Dublin Ireland
Lucky Coady - 2
March 1987 Lucky Coady
Dame Street Dublin Ireland
Lucky Coady - 3
Lucky Coady - 4
March 1987 Lucky Coady
Dame Street Dublin Ireland
Lucky Coady - 5
Lucky Coady - 6
From Central Plaza.
March 1987 Lucky Coady
Dame Street Dublin Ireland
Neal's Musick Hall Image 1
Behind the arched door frame of Kennan and Sons lies the site of Neal's Musick Hall the location in 1742 for the first performance of Handel's Messiah.
July 1986 Fishamble Street Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Neal's Musick Hall - 2
Adjacent to the site of the Musick Hall is No 19 a Georgian House occupied by Mr Kennan from 1934. The original steel works were established in the 1790 s.
July 1986 Fishamble Street Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Neal's Musick Hall - 3
A wider perspective of the area.
Kennan and Sons ceased trading in the 1980 s.
The Georgian House a listed building was extensively refurbished in the 1990 s
to become the new home of The Contemporary Music Centre.
July 1986 Fishamble Street Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Neal's Musick Hall - 4
The hill on Fishamble Street and derelict buildings.
John Neal's Musick Hall was lost through the ravages of time and circumstance
the foundations are now a courtyard.
July 1986 Fishamble Street Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Neal's Musick Hall - 5
Sculptor Michael Biggs commemorative bronze plaque taken through the railings of No 19 Fishamble Street. The plaque was unveiled on the 5th October 1959 to mark the 200th annivarsary of George Frideric Handel's death .
The inscription reads
ON TUESDAY APRIL 13th 1742
July 1986 Fishamble Street Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
A Grand Day Out
On Custom House Quay a grandfather gently holds the hand of his granddaughter
while both watch the activity on the River Liffey. Opposite the Gasometer which was a feature on the Dublin skyline from 1934 until its demolition in 1993.
June 1988 Custom House Quay Sir John Rogersons Quay
Dublin Ireland
Slow Day
What a difference a day makes. If this had been on a Saturday the market street would be crammed with people bargaining and bantering with the fruit, veg and flower sellers or popping into the shops along the way, but this is an early Sunday morning scene, the pallets are stacked up and the shutters are down with not a pram in sight.
Apollo Discount Superstore, Dolphin Discs, Upper Cuts and the rest, right down to the Moore Street entrance of the Ilac Shopping Centre and beyond all Closed for one day,
until it all begins again.
April 1985 Moore Street
Dublin Ireland
Baggot Street Bridge
From Lower Baggot Street.
April 1987 Baggot Street Bridge
Dublin Ireland
Dublin Cottage
Yogi a border collie looks over the garden wall of his owners cottage in Beatty's Avenue Ballsbridge. The suburb of Ballsbridge is situated in the Pembroke Estate of Dublin.
A three arched bridge built in 1791 was named after the merchant family Ball, who lived in the area.
November 2004 Beatty's Avenue Ballsbridge
Dublin Ireland
Shadows and Light Image 1
Shadows and light in Merchant's Arch as an elderly man strolls towards the sunshine on Crown Alley . Sam Stephenson's Central Bank building looms brooding in the distance.
Merchant's Arch named after the Merchant Arch Guild Hall for tailors 1821. Frederick Darley architect.
June 1986 Merchant's Arch Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Shadows and Light - 2
February 1985 Merchants Arch
Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Framed in Black
Merchant's Arch in Silhouette on Wellington Quay, framing the view from the south side of the Liffey to Bachelors Walk on the north, with the Penny Ha' Penny Bridge partly visible on the left.
The black borders of the arch make a stark contrast to the turquoise blue summer sky.
June 1986 Merchants Arch Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Window Shopping
On Patrick Street in the Liberties a prospective customer glances into No 24 wardrobe dealers shop window. The bricked up door and corrugated shuttered windows above are an indication of what was to come to this historic and unique part of Dublin, as major redevelopment changed these streets forever.
April 1985 Patrick Street
Dublin Ireland
Painted from Memory
On Cecilia Street the remains of a demolished house are dwarfed by the Central Bank.
Someone has painted a mural on what is left depicting the interior.
Painted from memory perhaps.
June 1985 Cecilia Street Temple Bar
Dublin Ireland
Dancing in the Street
On a Sunday morning three girls pass No 65 Denis Darcy's tailor shop,
The older girl in the middle happily performing an Irish step dance while making her way down Capel Street. Denis Darcy learned his trade at The School of Tailoring and Textiles, Parnell Square and apprenticed with Lois Copeland snr. Establishing his own business in 1967. The bespoke tailor also branched out into costume design for theatre, film, and t v dramas, retiring after 67 years in 2012
February 1985 Capel Street
Dublin Ireland
On a sunny day in May visitors to the Spring Show in the RDS stroll around the grounds all lost in their own world, from the young showjumper carefully holding an ice pop and striding to the left, to the more leisurely elderly man with hands clasped behind his back in contemplation, a young couple in deep conversation, and two girls listening to the third in white. The only static figures are to the far right the pair facing the showjumping arena are equally engaged, but a source of distraction is with the seated couple the woman in red gives a backward glance and a curious expression.
An action packed study of normality.
The RDS Spring Show was a major agricultural exhibition which ran from 1831 - 1992
May 1984 RDS Ballsbridge
Dublin Ireland
Liffey Boat Race
On a winter's day two rowing boats are evenly matched as they race on the Liffey,
The oars impact on water creating ripples and jagged lines. The Ormond Hotel in the background was the setting for Sirens, one of the most musical chapters in James Joyce's literary masterpiece Ulysses.
Leopold Bloom follows Blazes Boylan into the Ormond Hotel with the knowledge that Boylan has a rendezvous at four o' clock with Molly Bloom at their home
7 Eccles Street.
The Ormond Hotel was established in 1889, redeveloped in 1932, closed in 2005.
But still standing not heeding the Sirens song.
February 1985 Ormond Quay
Dublin Ireland
The Last Picture Show
A billboard for a world premiere but this cinema was not the location the premises having closed a few months earlier, the exterior being used as a giant hoarding for the nearby Savoy cinema in O' Connell Street.
The Ambassador cinema started life as part of the rotunda hospital in the mid 1700 s know as the rotundo or the round room, the building was used as assembly/function rooms, with the money raised going to support the hospital.
By the late 1800 s the Rotunda hosted "moving picture show" nights, to great success.
Transformed into a cinema at the beginning of the 20th century, the Rotunda cinema was soon christened the Roxy by film going audiences of the time.
Taken over by a cinema chain in the 1940 s, the circular building received extensive work in the 1950 s and a name change to the Ambassador. By the early 1970 s the larger cinemas on nearby O' Connell Street adapted their Theatre's to duel or triple screens, over the passing decades with single screen cinemas falling slowly out of favour the Ambassador closed in 1988 only to reappear in the 1990 s for a few more years.
Dublin's oldest cinema finally closed for good in 1999.
the Ambassador is currently in use as a Theatre and Event Centre .
November 1988 The Ambassador Cinema
Parnell Square
Dublin Ireland
Crystal clear reflections of Grattan Bridge and the surrounding area on a hazy summer day.
Grattan Bridge connects Capel Street to Parliament Street. Built formerly as Essex Bridge in 1676 named after Arthur Cappell the first Earl of Essex lord lieutenant of Ireland. Rebuilt in 1753, and again in 1852 with the new title of Grattan Bridge, after Henry Grattan the Irish politician and member of the Irish house of commons. Also known as Capel Street Bridge and Essex Bridge. Its distinctive ornate lamp standards are supported by mythological Hippocampus
July 1986 Grattan Bridge
Dublin Ireland
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge Image 1
One of ten cast iron lamp standards adorning Grattan Bridge
at their bases the ornate Seahorses stand guard on either side.
October 2006 Grattan Bridge
Dublin Ireland
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge - 2
The view of an illuminated city from Grattan Bridge.
October 2006 Grattan Bridge
Dublin Ireland
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge - 3
September 1983
Dublin Ireland
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge - 4
May 1984
Dublin ireland
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge - 5
May 1984
Dublin Ireland
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge - 6
The Seahorses of Grattan Bridge - 7
Background Ormond Hotel
February 1985
Dublin Ireland
A Work in Progress
A sketch artist works between the barrels and hoardings in Wood Quay.
Across the River Liffey James Gandon's Four Courts.
All under a blue sky filled with cumulus clouds.
June 1985 Wood Quay
Dublin Ireland
"Mrs. Mooney Intervened"
The end of terrace house No 4 Hardwicke Street the assumed location for The Boarding House the seventh short story in James Joyce's Dubliners.
February 1985 Hardwicke Street
Dublin Ireland
Cafolla's for a "One and One"
Basking in neon on Mespil Road, Cafolla's, once the best little chipper in town,
a great place for a "one and one" (fried cod and a portion of chips)
Giovanni and Annunzinta (Nancy) Cafolla started the business in the late 1930 s,
and for many years the couple were given a helping hand by their daughters.
The business was sold in 2006 continued as a fish and chip shop owned by another well known name Beshoff Bros, founded by the mighty Ivan Beshoff who as a sailor served on the Russian battleship Potemkin in 1905.
Ivan lived to the grand age of 104, his exploits are proudly displayed on the walls of the shop.
January 2006 Cafolla's Mespil Road
Dublin Ireland
The Regent Barber Image 1
Established in 1953 and still run by the same family to this day, the Regent has seen its fair share of changes over the years.
Over the decades they sustained their business by keeping pace with current trends and maintained the essence of an old barber shop.
October 1984 Lower Fownes Street
Dublin Ireland
The Regent Barber - 2
November 1986 Lower Fownes Street
Dublin Ireland
The Long Haul
Peat briquettes stacked on plastic milk crates and assorted vegetables line the window of Kavanagh's newsagents, with fizzy drinks and Easter eggs behind the glass.
While on the road horse drawn goods are also for sale , slowly moving through the streets of Dublin.
March 1985 New Bride Street
Dublin Ireland
Neon Smile
Now you see it, now you don't.
Mr Why Go Bald has been charming Dubliner's since the early sixties, with his receding and reappearing hair and his sad and happy expressions.
Advertising The Universal Hair and Scalp Clinic, South Great Georges Street.
The dilapidated red yellow and turquoise neon sign was due to be dismantled in the 1990 s, when enlightened individuals The 20th Century Trust intervened
contacted the original manufactures Taylor Signs and had Mr W.G.B. restored.
Looking better than ever long may he continue to ask the same question
Why Go Bald ... why indeed.
October 2006 South Great George's Street
Dublin Ireland
Bookends - Greene's Bookshop Image 1
Browsing through the wooden tables at Greene's bookshop in the final week of a Dublin institution.
John Greene's lending library No 16 Clare Street was established in 1843, The Pembrey's acquired the business in 1912. The four storey grade 2 listed premises was built in the late 1700 s.
May 2007 Greene's Bookshop Clare Street
Dublin Ireland
Bookends - Greene's Bookshop - 2
A side view of the facade and the glass canopy which was added in 1917.
The sub post office had been there since 1886.
May 2007 Greene's Bookshop Clare Street
Dublin Ireland
Bookends - Greene's Bookshop - 3
Composite image of John Greene's original shop front lettering.
May 2007 Greene's Bookshop Clare Street
Dublin Ireland
Bookends - Greene's Bookshop - 4
Up the winding stairs to the first floor where John Greene lay in repose in 1899.
Down through the years many literary legends have visited this unique bookshop
some of their portraits are above the counter.
If only the old walls and creaking floorboards could speak...what stories they could tell.
The business moved to Sandyford in 2007 selling online.
May 2007 Greene's Bookshop Clare Street
Dublin Ireland