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WILFRED L. DUBE was born in New York on July 17, 1906, one of at least five children born to Frank and Amanda Dube. Frank Dube was a machinist who had brought his family to New York from one of the English speaking provinces of Canada in 1892. Besides Wilfred there were four older children living at home in Schenectady NY when the census was taken in 1910, Albert, Alberta, Neal, and Alma. Sadly, Amanda Dube passed away before 1920, and in January of 1920 Wilfred Dube was in foster care, living at 612-1/2 Smith Avenue with John and Minnie Ryan, his foster parents.
Wilfred Dube was part of Camden's law enforcement scene for many years. Although he had left school after the eight grade, he was self-taught and quite well read. In 1926, before he was 21 years old, he graduated from the New Jersey State Police Academy at Sea Girt NJ, in that institution's twelfth graduating class. His badge number was 288. After a short spell in North Jersey, where he worked on horseback, Trooper Dube was transferred to motorcycle duty, and by 1928 was serving in South Jersey. In that year, while stationed at the Berlin barracks, he met and married Elizabeth Pauline Von Der Tann. The April 1930 Census shows Mr. and Mrs. Dube living at 101 Chestnut Street in Audubon NJ.
Wilfred L. Dube later worked as an investigator with the Camden County prosecutors office. he was hired by Samuel P. Orlando in 1937, and served under longtime Chief of Detectives Larry Doran and his successor, James J. Mulligan. Wilfred Dube followed Mulligan as Chief of Detectives and retired as Chief. His successor, named by then-Camden County Prosecutor Norman Heine, was to be Philip J. Large, but when Large was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the post went to Russell Maurer. After leaving the Prosecutor's Office Wilfred Dube founded a guard service, which did quite well. Mr. and Mrs. Dube traveled extensively in his later years.
Last a resident of Cherry Hill NJ, Wilfred L. Dube he passed away in October of 1980, survived by his wife and daughter Yvonne, three grand-children, and by 2005 four-great-grandchildren.
|Camden Courier-Post * June 3, 1930
|Catherine Christman - Joseph Conti - Nicholas Bartluci - John Fisher - Mary Reginelli - Marco Reginelli
|Garfield S.
Pancoast - Clifford A. Baldwin
William "Big Bill" Wierman - Ralph Bakley
C. Leonard Brehm - Louis Schlam
Clarence Bunker - Clarence Arthur
Wilfred L. Dube - Andrew Zopesky
Left: Howard Smith -
James Paradise
- Theodore Guthrie -
Joseph Mardino -
Walter Welch
Vernon Jones - Walter Smith
|Highland Avenue
South 33rd Street
North 34th Street
|Camden Morning Post - December 8, 1930
Auletto aka Roxie Allen
Louis Bottino
Theodore Guthrie - Wilfred Dube
Rox Saponare - Joseph Lack
George Probert - Charles Areni
Carmen Passarella -
Salvatore Passalacqua
Nicholas Dandrea - Nicholas Yenitti
A. Baer - Harry Whaland
Broadway - Central Avenue
Clinton Street - Kaighn Avenue
Mt. Ephraim Avenue
South 4th Street - Spruce Street
Auletto aka Roxie Allen
- Louis
Theodore Guthrie - Wilfred Dube - Rox Saponare - Joseph Lack
George Probert - Charles Areni - Carmen Passarella
Salvatore Passalacqua - Nicholas Dandrea - Nicholas Yenitti
Rocco DeCorda - Harry Whaland
Broadway - Central Avenue - Clinton Street - Kaighn Avenue
Mt. Ephraim Avenue - South 3rd Street - South 4th Street
Pine Street - Spruce Street - Washington Street
Camden Courier-Post * June 9, 1932
Hillop - Abe Fuhrman - Broadway
- Clifford A. Baldwin - Arthur
Lawrence T. Doran - Jules Derowski - Harry Ireton - Wilfred Dube - Ray Osborne
Joe Bielec - Frank Rock - Tommy Reilly - Alfred Ripka - Louie Frank
Howard Ripka - Frankie Ripka - Lena Hillop - Anna Hillop - John Kelly
Camden Courier-Post * February 7, 1933
Mays Landing, Feb. 6.-One Camden man was sentenced to State's Prison for five to seven years and another was placed on probation for three years when they pleaded guilty on four indictments charging holdup and robbery. Sentence was imposed by Judge William H. Smathers in criminal court here today.
The prison term was meted out to Nicholas Dandrea, 24, who gave his address as 334 Clinton street, Camden. He was arrested November 17 by State Troopers Martin Hurden and Wilfred L. Dube. The man placed on probation is Morris Feller, 26, of 1254 Haddon avenue. Both men had originally pleaded not guilty, but changed their pleas today.
They were charged with holding up and robbing Frank Romeo, 40, and Emilio Cichetto, 51, of Minotolo, on October 9; Daniel Pentaleo, of Franklin street, Landisville, on October 16, and also on November 6, and Adam Procaccino, of Landisville, on November 8.
Romeo and Chichetto reported to state troopers when they were held up that they were tied to trees by Feller and Dandrea, who escaped in Chichetto's car. Ninety-six dollars, taken from the two men, was lost by the bandits in a crap game in Landisville, according to the troopers. Pantaleo was held up, robbed of $112, tied with rope, kidnapped in his own car and thrown out in a woods on October 16, He was putting his car in his garage when the two men placed guns at his side, he told the police. On November 6 they returned and again went through the same procedure, but this time did not obtain money. Pantaleo identified both men.
Procaccino, a waiter in a Landisville lunch wagon, was robbed of $11 at 2.30 a. m. as he was walking to his home.
Judge Smathers, in placing Feller on probation, said he was taking into consideration the fact that it was his first offense.
Camden Courier-Post * February 12, 1938
Four Charged With Numbers Using 'Bingo'
A new numbers racket based on "Bingo" was disclosed yesterday when county detectives and Merchantville police arrested four men, two of them police characters.
The suspects were seized in an automobile parked within sight of the Merchantville police station.
The two with police records are Joseph Marino and Harry Girard. The others are Irving Chapman, 23, of 43 South Merchant street, and John Holmes, 23, of 227 Main street, both of Merchantville. All were arraigned on a charge of violating the state lottery law, before Justice of the Peace Samuel Rudolph, who complied with a request from Prosecutor Samuel P. Orlando and held them without bail for the grand jury.
Marino's police record dates to 1914. He received three suspended sentences, three other cases were nolle pressed by the court and on one occasion he served a jail sentence.
His last time in custody was as a suspect in the slaying of Abe Goodman, former numbers baron. He was released after questioning.
Girard's criminal record dates back to 1924. He has been arrested five times, serving two reformatory sentences and one term in the state prison.
Details of the new racket were not immediately divulged by the prosecutor's office. It was learned, however, that hundreds of "bing slips'" were seized by the police when the men were arrested.
The new game is operated by means of a printed slip which contains the word "Bingo" in large type at the top. There is a set of instructions for the player, part of which reads:
"More action for your money than any other game on the market, plays six days for 30 cents. Beginning Monday, write the daily policy number for that day in the three squares on the same line with the word Monday, continue in this manner for each day of the week from Monday until Saturday, making sure that you write that number issued for that particular day during the week. Your ticket is dated and write only on the line reserved for that day of the week. Whenever your ticket number appears in a straight line (in any direction) from using the daily numbers in this way you receive the amount printed beside arrow which points in the direction your ticket runs."
Space for Writing
Then follows a space for the writing of the daily number, with the amount of payoff, from $2 to $10, according to which manner your number reads if you "hit."
Police Chief William Linderman, County Detective Chief Lawrence T. Doran and County Detectives Wilfred Dube, James J. Mulligan, Joseph Bennie and Casmir Wojtkowiak arrested the four men, all of whom were taken at once to the office of Prosecutor Orlando for questioning.
It was revealed at the prosecutor's office that an attempt to flood Camden city and county with the new numbers game has been made during the last two weeks.
Detectives have been trailing an automobile during this time, believed to have been the car in which the men were seized yesterday.
Camden Courier-Post * February 14, 1938
Ten men and a woman were arrested in gambling raids over the weekend by Camden city and county authorities.
Seven were arrested for operating a "bingo numbers" racket. A warrant also was issued for Frank Palese, 400 Spruce street, a member of a widely known South Camden family, as the "big shot" of the racket, according to Chief Lawrence T. Doran, of county detectives. Doran said last night Palese is still a fugitive.
In another raid by Camden police, three men and a woman were arrested
in an alleged horse racing betting establishment at 1149 Lansdowne
avenue. The place was on the second floor over a grocery store, according to
Sergeant Gus Koerner, City Detective
Thomas Murphy, Jr.,
Several racing forms and four telephones with two direct wires to tracks
now in operation were seized, according to Koerner and
Murphy, The police first arrested Roland Flynn, 36, of 589
street; Neil Zeldman, 43, of 1064 Langham
avenue, and James O'Donal, 27, of.
Woman Arrested
Later Mrs. Rose Koplin, 37, who lives in an apartment over the store, was taken into custody on the same charge and held in $500 bail. Mrs. Koplin's brother, Milton Katz, posted cash bail for her release.
Katarina Pologruto, 420 West street, posted bail for O'Donal, who also is known as O'Donnell, and Flynn. Frank Davalos, saloonkeeper, of 441 Benson street, furnished bail for Zeldman.
Murphy reported that $700 had been bet on race horses at the establishment up until 3.30 p. m., Saturday, the time of the raid.
Among those arrested in the "bingo numbers" racket was Fred Rossi, who fought in the prize ring under the name of "Pee Wee" Ross. He was arrested Saturday afternoon at his home at 438 Mickle street by Koerner and Murphy.
O'Donal, Flynn, Zeidman and Mrs. Koplin will be given hearings today
in police court.
Rossi, Branco, Goodman and Holmes were released in $500 bail each for the Grand Jury by Justice of the Peace Samuel Rudolph. Prosecutor Orlando said he would demand bail of $1000 each for release of Girard and Marino.
Refused to Sell
Lodge told the detectives he was approached to sell the slips but that he refused to take them.
Doran stated that Marino insists he is the operator of the lottery, but the county detective chief declared that Marino was merely trying to "take the rap" for Palese.
City and county authorities have been aware of the existence of the new
racket for about 10 days. Murphy and
Koerner had been detailed specifically by Commissioner
Mary W. Kobus to investigate and break
up the ring. The two sleuths followed numerous suspects, watching
The trap was sprung when Marino, Girard, Chapman and Holmes were arrested on South Centre street in Merchantville as they sat in a parked car. The car, according to Doran, bore license plates issued to Palese.
Merchantville police and Doran arrested the four and seized bingo numbers slips. Murphy and Koerner also arrested Branco, while County Detectives James Mulligan, Elmer Mathis, Wilfred Dube and Casmir Wojtkowiak arrested Goodman.
Doran admitted that the automobile in which the four men were found
was the property of Palese. A search was made at the home of Palese, on Fourth
street, near Spruce, but nothing indicating he was connected with
the racket was found, Doran said. But
Doran added he has information
which leads him to believe Palese was the head of the new racket..
Camden Courier-Post * February 15, 1938
|Camden Courier-Post - February 16, 1938
Bail was posted yesterday for the release of Frank Palese, 26, and Harry Girard, 28, "bingo" lottery racket suspects.
Palese, who surrendered yesterday to County Detective Wilfred Dube, was freed in bonds of $1000 and Girard in bonds of $2000.
Girard, Joseph Marino and five others were arrested Friday in Merchantville. Palese claims he merely lent an automobile in which Girard and Marino were arrested to Marino.
|Camden Evening Courier - March 23, 1945
|Leonard Andruzza
|Camden Evening Courier - March 23, 1945
Koerner - Clifford
"Cappy" Roman - Oliver Morgan
Charles Cooke - Joseph Putek
Wilfred Dube - Gene R. Mariano
Leonard Lutz - Stephen Burns
James McBride - Romeo deSanctis
Leon Grenkwicz - Mt. Ephraim Avenue
Kaighn Avenue - Decatur Street
A difficult case that Wilfred Dube investigated in 1953 was that of the tragic suicide of James S. Wilkie, son of a veteran Camden police officer, John V. Wilkie. For several days after the shooting, Sgt. Wilkie claimed that he had shot his son, in order that he receive a Catholic funeral. He retracted his confession after it became apparent that he could not deceive the city and county investigators, and was released after the grand jury refused to return an indictment.
This tragic case saw the involvement of many of Camden's law enforcement and legal community, including Benjamin Asbell, Mitchell H. Cohen, Thomas Murphy, James J. Mulligan, J. James Hainsworth, Samuel P. Orlando, John Healey, and Joseph Bennie, among others.
Camden Courier-Post - December 24, 1957
Courier-Post - April 1, 2004
Family Stories
"You must meet the most interesting people," Lisa Sollenberger said to me recently about this column.
She had just lost one of the treasures in her life, her 96-year-old grandmother, Elizabeth Dube'.
The truth is, I often meet interesting people like Elizabeth after they've died, when families gladly open their scrapbooks and loved ones jump off the pages.
This was one of those times.
Lisa has two scrapbooks that belonged to her grandmother, known to her three grandchildren as "Granel." Her husband, Wilfred L., was known as "Pa-pa."
There's Granel and Pa-pa on their trip to Bermuda. Granel when she graduated from Glassboro Teacher's College in the late '20s. Pa-pa in the staunch uniform of a New Jersey state trooper.
And there's Granel's lady-like handwriting describing and dating every major event.
"I really thought she would live to be well over 100," said Lisa, as she flipped through one scrapbook's stiff pages.
Elizabeth, who died March 21, was a woman who always looked "89 going on 60," according to Lisa, because she kept her figure and wore tailored clothes she sewed herself.
When her only child, Yvonne Wolf, first entered her mother's apartment at a Moorestown independent living facility days after her death, "I found two outfits, all pinned and patterned and ready to go."
"When you walked into her house, it always felt like she was waiting for you," recalled Lisa, mother to two of Elizabeth's four great-grandchildren.
Pa-pa was a broad man who could work any room he walked into. He enjoyed a good meal and a cigar and had the audacity to make a move on his future wife right in her parents' kitchen. In the late '20s, no less.
"Did my mother tell you that story?" Lisa giggled. "The first time he met her, her back was to him at the sink. And he walked up and put his arms around her. And then his friend introduced him!"
"He knew the minute he laid eyes on her he was going to marry her," said Yvonne of her father, then a confident young state trooper.
It was 1928, Elizabeth was fresh out of college and Pa-pa - or Doobie, as his wife called him - was billetted at the Berlin barracks of the state police, then the private home of Elizabeth's parents on the White Horse Pike. It was a routine living arrangement for troopers in those days and Yvonne remembers her mother's parents serving the police butter, "and we had to eat margarine."
"It was the best eatin' station in New Jersey," the Marlton resident added.
Doobie and his "honey" secretly eloped to Elkton, Md., spent a night in Camden at the Walt Whitman Hotel, then sprang the news on her parents. But if marriage began surreptitiously, it was hardly quiet thereafter.
"When they got together, the party began," Yvonne recalled of her parents, who lived with gusto. "Even if it was just the two of them."
Wilfred Dube' became chief of the Camden County detectives, then founded a guard service business, a venture that bought the couple a nice life: travel, summers in Florida, nights out at Lucien's or to watch the floor show at the Silver Lake Inn.
For a while, they lived just blocks from Yvonne and her three children in Cherry Hill.
"Whenever the kids got mad at me they would take their tricycles and ride to Granel's and Pa-pa's," said Yvonne, for treats of vanilla milk shakes made with Breyer's ice cream, Thin Mints and pound cake.
When Pa-pa died in 1980, Elizabeth forged a life of her own, in part in a white Lincoln Town Car powered by a heavy foot. That foot wore 3-inch heels until she was about 92.
She played bridge until she died and thanked her lucky stars she could remain independent.
"She had all her faculties, didn't she, Rog?" Yvonne asked of her husband, Roger.
Can't ask for more than that. Ninety-six years. All your faculties. A lifetime of memories.
Still, said Yvonne, it won't be easy to say goodbye.
"She led a happy life. That helps to deal with this," she mused, tilting back in a recliner. "But she's been so much a part of us for so long, it's gonna leave a hole."
Wide as a canyon, in fact.
And, yes, I do meet the most interesting people.
Contribute Money
"Camden County's United Fund drive became $400 richer as each of four golfers contributed $100 to play in tomorrow's tournament for the benefit of the campaign. Miss United Fund of 1965, Amelia Romano, of Collingswood, accepts $100 bills offered by (from left) Joseph Forte, Berlin, head of the Lower Camden County towns phase pf the drive; Chief Wilfred Dube, former Camden County detective; Joseph Stagliano, of the Formigli Corp., and horse trainer Ray Metcalf."
Thanks to Yvonne Wolf for her help in the creation of this web page.


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Thankful for Headache Expertise: Barrow Helped Kimberly Live Again
Kimberly Fisher's long journey to Barrow began days before her wedding in 2008. She was off-roading in Sedona with her fiancé when a violent jolt left her with an awful headache and feeling nauseated. She began vomiting almost immediately. That afternoon was the first of nearly 100 visits to the emergency room, dozens of hospital stays, and 50 different kinds of medication.
On her wedding day, Kimberly woke up in the ER. Her family travelled to Sedona from all over the country but she could not leave the hospital. She and her husband, James, made the difficult decision to get married as planned. They were dubbed the "Sedona Sweethearts." They married in the hospital chapel and their journey together as husband and wife began.
For the next 12 years the pain was unrelenting, and Kimberly slept 16 to 18 hours every single day.
"If I did something as simple as going to lunch with a friend, I would pay for it," she says. "But I fought for a good life and tried to stay positive and hopeful."
Despite her pain, Kimberly and James were still active. Whenever possible, they hiked in the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park. They went backpacking and walked their dog on the weekends. Strong medication helped Kimberly manage the pain.
"James suffered right along with me," says Kimberly.
Kimberly planned financial conferences, and she was very successful in her career. She was used to long hours and grueling days, but nothing could have prepared her for headaches around the clock. In her effort to find relief for the pain, Kimberly saw a headache specialist but her pain was getting worse and worse. She ended up on disability and many days struggled to get out of bed. The myriad of medications she took also were taking a toll on her life.
After yet another series of trips to the emergency room, Kimberly's physician recommended she see a headache specialist at Barrow Neurological Institute. That's when her agonizing existence would change.
Kimberly scheduled a telemedicine appointment with Jennifer Robblee, MD, a headache neurologist at the Jan & Tom Lewis Migraine Treatment Program at Barrow. Dr. Robblee asked some seemingly simple questions to get to the root of Kimberly's pain.
"She asked if I experienced any trauma just before the headaches started," says Kimberly. "At that moment, I realized this pain must have started during that off-road excursion right before my wedding."
Dr. Robblee suspected a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was causing Kimberly's debilitating headaches. CSF leaks are caused when the fluid around the brain and spinal cord leaks following a trauma. A violent jolt during that bumpy ride all those years ago was a reasonable explanation so Dr. Robblee recommended patching the leak. The patch is an imaging-guided injection, using the patient's own blood, into the space near the covering of the brain and the spinal cord. The patch is thought to work by correcting the pressure in that space.
Kimberly's pain stopped immediately, she doesn't need pain killers for the first time in years, and her life has improved more than she could have dreamed.
"Not only do I have no pain," says Kimberly, "I have more energy. I am seeing friends and family. I am cooking. I am gardening. Dr. Robblee is my angel."
If Dr. Robblee is her angel, Kimberly's husband, James, is her rock.
Kimberly says, "James was with me every step of the way, now we have a whole new life to explore."
Join Kimberly in making a gift to the Jan & Tom Lewis Migraine Treatment Program. Donations help fund critical research that will benefit patients like Kimberly and help ensure patients like her find relief much sooner.
"I grieve all the years I lost," says Kimberly "But there are some blessings and now that I am cured, I feel like I have so much more to give."

subset: commoncrawl


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Happy New Year! I hope that everyone enjoyed the holidays and is ready to get back to business. We all hope that 2019 will be a prosperous year and as always, Microwave Journal is here to help. We have added a few new products to our digital portfolio and have tweaked a few others.
For lead generation, eBooks hit the big time last year. We produced more than a dozen of them and they averaged more than 800 leads each. Demand continues in 2019 with several already in production. White papers continue to do well, with several hundred leads on average. And Sponsored Content has become quite popular, with its home page exposure.
We integrated a new video platform last year and cut the price in half for annual sponsorship. You can now have a channel on our video section for $2,500 for twelve months and just pay individually for any trade show video shoots. We promote the videos with a dedicated newsletter and with home page featured exposure. Your sales manager can fill you in on the details.
For the military market, we have added a new "Aerospace & Defense Product Newsletter" that will debut this month. It features six new products in each edition and is targeted to our subscribers in the defense sector. The cost is low and the return on investment is high.
The February issue of MWJ is focused on "High Frequency Electronics and PCBs" with bonus distribution at Mobile World Congress (Barcelona), EMV (Stuttgart) and RF and Microwave (Paris). See the "Ad Bulletin" for deadlines and details.
Our Signal Integrity Journal is growing in audience and sponsorship. If your business targets the SIPI/EMC markets you should consider this highly regarded media as part of your marketing plan.
If you plan to be in Santa Clara for DesignCon, stop by our booth to enter our library book raffle, pick up your t-shirt and the latest edition of SIJ or just to say hello.
Happy New Year!
Carl Sheffres


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Despite everyone in the world of scooter manufacturing favouring automatic (CVT) engines these days, Italian firm Piaggio have launched a new version of their three-wheeled Ape, with a 4-speed engine. Launched back in the 1940s shortly after their Vespa scooter, Piaggio developed the Vespa Ape (as it was known back then) as a small commercial vehicle to accompany the Vespa scooter, both as an affordable alternative as well as one suitable for weaving its way through Italy's small streets.
The people carrying version – Calessino – came after the goods version, and soon found a place in the holiday resorts on the Italian coast as a great taxi for holiday makers, before being adopted in India as the taxi of choice for their crowded cities.
In the good old days, the engines for the Ape range were baed upon Vespa motors, 50cc, 125, 150 and 200cc varients of the 3 and 4 speed scooters. In recent years versions using small capacity diesel engines have been produced and then earlier this year Piaggio announced a new 4-speed 200cc Ape 4-stroke engine.
This new version of the Ape Calession 200 three-wheeler, the 200 HL (High Line) was launched in early October 2014 and is based on that earlier 200. It features revamped aesthetics including new rear lights, wheel covers, cab edge trim, seat covers and dash colour.
What's of potentially more interest however is that Piaggio are obviously investing in geared engines still, albeit 4-stroke in this instance, but for those of us that still love a geared 2-stroke, it is a glimmer of light, still flickering in the distance.
The Ape Calessino 200 HL is available in Artic White and British readers can hopefully get some more details here.


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Posted on 2021-02-23 by w0wz0rz
Status: Completed
The current WOW radio developer is looking for a new home. I can help by migrating this infrastructure to a new server and keep it available for the coming year.
Server costs a little over 20 USD per month so roughly 3500 Wownero for a year (this is including some extra WOW for market volatility).
Radio Wownero will get a new home.
Radio Wownero will continue to operate.
I have experience in application development. So far, I have been able to contribute a little bit to feather (with wowario's help): https://git.wownero.com/wowlet/wowlet/commits/branch/master


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Some men you just can't reach
By Chris Kaminski | July 23rd, 2003 | Filed in Web Standards (general)Skip to comment form
Bucking the trend towards browser-neutral, standards-based web development, Buy.com's new music site, BuyMusic.com, requires Internet Explorer for Windows.
Browser-specific development. How quaint. Did I miss the time-warp back to 1995?
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Time is always important to anyone. Whether you are trying to grab the attention of an audience or trying to make something happen for you, it is a must that you work with the right information and ideas that will be slotted into a set time frame. This time frame is very important for you to get your story across with out missing any important details. When it comes to the production of short films, professionals will tell you the importance of information and how to pack it in a short time frame to get the best results. Here are a few tips to make sure your short is a successful one.
The right team
Hiring a professional commercial video production team will help you avoid unwanted costs and time wastage. These individuals will be able to direct you and assist in making a quality movie. Let them handle the technical aspects of the film. You will only need to tell them the idea you have and they will be able to help you out together a good movie. See this post to find out the best commercial video production.
The timing
What makes a short film so good is the fact that it has to take up less than ten minutes to tell the whole story. The videographer and their team will know how to keep the whole film within that time frame. The best method would be to avoid long conversation and explanations. Most good shorts don't have any conversation. Just background music and different drama of actions and events. The people experienced in this will be able to do a magical job.
The colours and back ground
Since there won't be any or very little conversation, the story will have to be told in action alone. Selecting good spots is key to bring out the best looking movie. Choose good bright colours for the outfits and have the story told in style.
Props and other effects
Using different effects to create a dramatic video will also be a good idea. Discuss with your videographer what you would like and ask for suggestions too. They should advice you well. Having different props that will help tell the story will also help. At the end of the day, a great movie is a result of good production and good actors. So hire the people wisely.
Keep the attention
A successful short film will keep the audience engaged and captured. It may lack many elements but what will make it good, is the fact that its story is shared to all who are it and keep them thinking about it. First time, many mistakes might be made but the success of the film will be measured by how many people remember and are emotionally touched by your film.


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In honor of National Nurses Week Fuzzy's Taco Shop came together as a brand to donate meals to Healthcare Heroes on the frontlines across 16 states last week. The company had pledged to donate 5% of sales on April 29 to feed local nurses, doctors and assisted living caretakers in honor of National Nurses Week from May 6-12, which equated to 25,000 tacos. Participating Fuzzy's Taco Shop locations partnered with a local hospital, urgent care or medical facility in their community to provide warm meals to those on the front lines.
In addition to the National Nurses Week donation, select Fuzzy's Taco Shop locations throughout the country have created campaigns to raise funds to provide meals for frontline workers since March. Franchisees in Florida and Texas have raised over $20,000 to support first responders with meals at lunch and dinner. To donate please visit GoFundMe in the following markets:
Follow Fuzzy's Taco Shop on Instagram and Facebook to see all the food drops from National Nurses Week! Fuzzy's Taco Shop has nearly 150 corporate- and franchise-owned locations in nearly 16 states. For a full list of locations please visit www.FuzzysTacoShop.com.
About Fuzzy's Taco Shop:
Founded in 2003 near the Texas Christian University campus in Fort Worth, Fuzzy's Taco Shop® is a fast casual restaurant serving Mexican favorites with a splash of Baja. The laid-back atmosphere pairs perfectly with signature Baja-style tacos, famous chips and queso and icy-cold beverages always served at a chill price. With nearly 150 corporate- and franchise-owned locations in 16 states, Fuzzy's Taco Shop was named Nation's Restaurant News' #10 "Fastest Growing Chains" of 2018, was included on Franchise Business Review's "Top Franchises" list in 2017 and was one of QSR magazine's Top 6 "Best Franchise Deals by Franchisee Satisfaction" in 2016.


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Borderlands Preview
By goukijones —
October 7, 2009
Tags: 2k-games fps gearbox-software preview ps3 rpg xbox-360
A first-person shooter/rpg on a distant planet in a post apocolyptic setting. With a very unique art style. 4 player co-op ... Lets play this Jimmy!
Borderlands a new game from publisher 2k games and developer Gearbox who worked on Halo CE for the pc and just recently released Brothers in Arms and also worked on Half-life. This new game has a very unique art style it's cel-shaded but very gritty. I like it the colors.
As far as the gameplay, you can select from four different classes. A hunter, he has a sniper rifle. A soldier, he just raips on the ground level. A siren who looks like she has an emp and can boost the parties experience gain. And a berserker who just pounds the shit of things. So yes, a first-person shooter with experience gain. One of the first of it's kind. I'm interested and as the game's release gets closer, I've been paying more attention.
Check out these videos and do some pre-ordering. Gamestop is giving you a bonus weapon exclusive weapon cache. BestBuy doesn't have anything extra for the game.
This game looks fun as hell with four friends online, lets pwn!
37 Stories
Editor's Choice
Release Date: Oct 20, 2009
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User stories are part of an approach that helps shift the focus from writing about requirements to talking about them. All user stories include a written sentence or two and, more importantly, a series of conversations about the desired website's functionality.
User stories are short, simple descriptions of a feature told from the perspective of the person who desires the new capability, usually a user or customer of the system. They typically follow a simple template:
As a (type of user), I want (some goal) so that (some reason).
As a Registered Member, I want Members to login so that They may access a Membership list.
User stories are often written on index cards or sticky notes, stored in a shoe box, and arranged on walls or tables to facilitate planning and discussion. As such, they strongly shift the focus from writing about features to discussing them. In fact, these discussions are more important than whatever text is written.
How is detail added to user stories?
Detail can be added to user stories in two ways:
- By splitting a user story into multiple, smaller user stories.
- By adding "conditions of satisfaction."
Who writes user stories?
Anyone can write user stories. It's the product owner's responsibility to make sure a product backlog of user stories exists, but that doesn't mean that the product owner is the one who writes them. Over the course of a good agile project, you should expect to have user story examples written by each team member.


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A retired US Navy officer, Chad Hoover is a pioneer and leader of the kayak fishing movement. But it's his passion and talent for bass fishing, along with his dynamic personality and desire to share the sport with others, that has made Chad one of the most respected bass anglers in the world. Kayak Fishing with Chad Hoover is a media project designed to inspire, entertain, and educate anglers across the country through a powerful network of broadcast TV, consumer events, social media, and digital streaming platforms.
The project includes:
- The Chad Hoover Fishing show– a TV series that reaches over 94 million US households through Bally Sports.
- The Chad Hoover YouTube channel – a YouTube channel with 111,000 subscribers and over 19 million views.
- The Chad Hoover Fishing Instagram and Facebook pages – highly active pages, with over 133k engaged fans and followers.
- The Toad Trips show – a free-to-watch, video-on-demand series that's available on all major OTT platforms, including AppleTV, Roku, Amazon Fire, and Chromecast.
- Kayak Bass Fishing – the nation's foremost organization that engages, supports and informs kayak bass anglers.
Chad Hoover – Social Media
Website: www.kayakbassfishing.com


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One of the interesting things about the Mill is that it is still a working mill. It was built in 1873 and used the water to turn the milling wheels. Operations were ceased in 1958.
The above picture is of a juicer. Apples would be crushed in it to make cider.
This is an apple coring machine.
A milling stone.
The mill was still running when we were there. This is a shot of one of the milling wheels. I will have to go back when I can get the full tour.
A picture of the mill and the other house.
This was built in the 1800's for a family that was emigrating from England. They never used it, so it ended up being used for storage and housing of farm hands. The Park itself used to be a farm at one time.
Some mushrooms on a log.
I think this is called Fleming Creek, it is a tributary of the Huron River.
I kind of liked the look of this stump.
Another shot of the creek.
A railroad bridge. About 10 minutes after passing this, a train passed by. I don't think I could have gotten a good shot of it going over the bridge anyway.
As I said, it was a pretty nice park and I'll have to go back. It is in on the short list of candidates for next year's 12 month project.


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Your Roofing Solutions Experts for Over 3 Generations
Estimates & Service+1-877-281-6900 Service Areas
There are many projects in the marketplace that preach the virtues of energy efficiency through conservation. Some are good projects, others are less than desirable, but the overarching consideration is reducing fossil fuel consumption to reduce greenhouse gases. The most effective home renovation project to create energy efficiency and reduce fossil fuel consumption is attic insulation in Ilderton. It doesn't sound sexy, but it will stand the test of time providing cost savings on a home's heating and cooling bills and is economical too.
Your roof is the biggest culprit of heat leakage in your home, if it was a crime it would felonious assault on your home's utility budget. Major research papers that have been released over the years that have told us and continue to tells us that heat loss though our attics is upwards of 40 per cent of heating and cooling bills.
The reason, most homes in have no or inadequate attic insulation in Ilderton, and the extra use of fossil fuels produces unwanted greenhouse gases that pollute our air and cause health hazards for the populace. When you decide to take the plunge and install new attic insulation in Ilderton you can lower your heating and cooling costs in the 20-30 per cent range per year. The cost of an upgrade or installation of your attic insulation in Ilderton can be recovered in a span of 12-18 months and the savings will roll year after year and require no power or fossil fuels to power it.
When you make the decision to improve your attic insulation in Ilderton and you contact us AM Roofing Solutions, we will come to your home to provide a thorough inspection and investigation of your attic. If no insulation is present, we can install the barriers for moisture and vapour, then we will install the blown in, loose fill fiberglass insulation to establish a heat shield for your home.
At AM Roofing Solutions we have years of experience providing guidance and services for those who are committed to energy conservation and financial savings through attic insulation in Ilderton.
In the insulation marketplace, there is Owens Corning and everybody else and their insulation products are the only ones we use. In 1934, Owens Corning developed fiberglass insulation and they have spent the last 70 years making it the gold standard on the market. It holds its R-value the longest and the best part, it is made up of 73 per cent recycled materials and that is beneficial to environment.
After over 60 years in existence, we at AM Roofing Solutions have cut quite a profile in our industry. Our dedication to workmanship and excellence over the years has earned our company a certification that no other Canadian roofing company has. We are certified as a Platinum Preferred Contractor for all the products that Owens Corning sells that finds its roots in our incredible professional reputation.
Located in Middlesex County, the community of Ilderton has consistently turned to AM Roofing Solutions to satisfy their roofing and insulation needs. For a free inspection and no cost consultation, call us today at 1.877.281.6900.
We will get back to you within 2 business days.
Click on the area of interest to find out more
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Our number one goal is to create a healthy environment in your mouth. For your teeth to stay right where they are, they need a healthy foundation. That is where your periodontal (gum) and underlying bone condition comes in. You would not want to build a beautiful house on a bad foundation, would you? The same analogy applies to your teeth. Do you really want to invest the time and money on beautiful cosmetic fillings and crowns only to lose the teeth a short time later due to gum disease? No, I'm sure you would not! Our focus is to ensure the foundation is secure, and we do this with periodic x-rays and regular testing or probing of the gum tissue to detect problems.
You can even do a self-test. Do your gums bleed? Does your breath smell? Have you been previously diagnosed with periodontal (gum) disease? There are various levels of gum disease, from a slight case of inflammation called "gingivitis" to advanced periodontal diseases. But the good news is that it is a treatable problem. We now have the technology to treat all phases of this disease.
Treatment can range from a regular cleaning (commonly called a prophy) to deeper cleanings and a program called Soft Tissue Management, which includes "scaling and root planing" for those with more moderate periodontal problems. Now here is where the really impressive part comes in, previously if you were diagnosed with more advanced periodontal disease, you were referred out to a gum specialist called a periodontist. This specialist would attempt to correct the effects of the disease with traditional cut and sew surgery. To be honest, it usually wasn't a lot of fun as it involved long healing times and often was associated with pain and discomfort…not to mention the results were less than aesthetic!
Perhaps you are like countless other patients suffering from this problem yet have put off treatment due to the discomfort and unaesthetic results often associated with traditional cut and sew surgery. If so, you are not alone.
But, we have GREAT news! Dr. Esposito is now fully trained and licensed to use the Millennium Dental's Periolase MVP-7 laser and the patented Laser Periodontal Therapy (LPT) protocol. This is the ONLY laser to be specifically developed to treat periodontal disease using the LPT protocol. Be aware, not all lasers are created equal, and no other laser can use the LPT protocols.
What does this all mean to you, the patient? Well, that's REALLY the great news! The Periolase laser enables the treatment of periodontal disease without the cut and sew technique, which means it's virtually pain-free! The procedure is usually done in two visits and is so comfortable that you can even return to work afterward if you desire.
We are the first and only office in Monroe County to offer this treatment and have had years of experience. As a matter of fact, Dr. Esposito has been so impressed with the results that he is currently undergoing further continuing education to become a certified instructor for the Institute for Advanced Laser Dentistry (IALD) organization.
So remember: No Cut, No Sew No Fear!
If you would like further information regarding Millennium Dental and the Periolase MVP-7,
please visit their website at http://www.millenniumdental.com/
For some detailed periodontal laser FAQ's
Michael A. Esposito, D.D.S.
890 Wallace Street, Stroudsburg, PA 18360
Phone: (570) 421-0431 Fax: (570) 421-4072
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What is Social Media Marketing?
Social Media Marketing uses social networks, such as blogs and popular social networking platforms, to support marketing campaigns, generate sales, further public relations and to provide customer service. Social Media refers to a group of digital properties that provide online interactive forums to encourage users to talk, participate, share and network. Some of the most common Social Media Marketing platforms are Twitter/X, Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn and Pinterest.
A sound Social Media strategy involves supporting your public relations efforts and marketing your brand through the right mix of Social Media channels to obtain links, create conversations with users, and to increase website traffic. Social Media however, is a misunderstood digital marketing tool. In fact, no other current promotional method can drive large numbers of qualified visitors to your website as quickly and economically.


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Prayer Requests
Do you have someone you can pray for today?
Are you are in need of prayer service for yourself or for loved ones?
We invite you to share your prayer request here, and to pray with those who have submitted prayer requests.
Read our Community Prayer Wall below.
Community Prayer Wall
inner peace
As I face another tough week, my prayer request is for inner peace. Inner peace such that I may face my adversities and adversaries with calm and poise. Thanks for your… Continue Reading… "inner peace"
prayer request
Prayer request : Persecution demonic satanic and dark things done againts pastor Thieringo must stop and mustn't have effect on him and must return againts those who do that. Fire of Holly Spirit must come on evil and bad things againts him. May Holly Spirit Jesus and God do justice to him . Protection , healing, wisdom ,freedom, prosperity, chance , success, healthy, goodness of God, miracles, protection againts thieves, protection againts persecutions, must be in pastor Thieringo's life in Jesus Name . God bless… Continue Reading… "prayer request"
God bless Jackson
God thank you for blessing Joe and Jackson oh lord, Joe wanted to pray on behalf for Jackson to be well and protected. Jesus hear the words and nervousness in Joe's voice and body. Sometimes we are scared of whats going on in our schools, place of employment, homes, malls, public places, lord have mercy on our souls. Lord, please hear our prayer, I know we can only live with a true and clear mind please lord wipe all the negative thoughts and worry out… Continue Reading… "God bless Jackson"
God bless Paul
God heal Paul this hour oh lord heal Paul's chest and back right now. I know how pain feels each day when our body is fragile and takes over with pain and agony. Jesus only you can bring us comfort and healing. Lord hear our moaning and release our pain. Jesus thank for all you have done for Paul when he is to weak to thank you. Thank you lord for giving us another chance to say we love you from our heart and soul.… Continue Reading… "God bless Paul"
God bless asm
God hear asm cry and forgiveness right now!!! they need your help!!! oh lord please stop the harassment from the lawyers who claim to have a copyright infringement on this senior couple. Jesus please put in their path another door that will end this harassment. In most cases lord, harassment is a crime and be taken to court especially with the age of the couple. Lord your love and light please caress this couple in your bosom. Call upon your angels to tarry around them… Continue Reading… "God bless asm"
God Bless the rain in Texas
God bless the Texas oh lord there are floods and famine around the world please lord let Texas rest for now with the rain that is damaging peoples home. There are area's in the world that has to much heat, to much cold, to much water, I know father God you have warned us about the rapture and the coming of days that we shall see devastating changes in the weather and our earth. Lord, we live and breath your name because we are here… Continue Reading… "God Bless the rain in Texas"
False Prophets Mathew 7:15
God bless YOU! for posting a powerful prayer about false doctrine. God's people are warned throughout the ages about false prophets in sheep's clothing; they know God's word but don't have God's heart. They have no soul. Our soul belongs to God and that's why it's important to ask God to restore our soul each night; so when we are faced with problems, sickness, challenges on the job, financial situations we call on the name of the almighty we are spiritually strong to stedfast. God… Continue Reading… "False Prophets Mathew 7:15"
Safety for Schools Denver and Across the Nation
Lord hear our cry for safety, oh lord when we send our children to school, we kiss them good bye and deep in our heart they are safe, they will return home. Lord, help up deal with the truth and tragedy of some of our children did not return home. Some of our children have perished, lord, this is not an excuse to cause our faith to diminish or doubt. Sometimes we are so overwhelmed with grief and we need you to carry us through… Continue Reading… "Safety for Schools Denver and Across the Nation"
Please pray i may be healed of chest and back problems, amen. THanks.… Continue Reading… "healing"
lawsuit dropped against us
I am so sorry to be asking again, but this is killing me and my husband regarding the copyright lawsuit against us, we do not have the energy, we are 2 seniors, cannot take the pressure anymore. Please pray for the attorney drop the case against us, it's taking toll on us financially, pressure, emotionally, we obtained the pictures from free websites. Please help us, I just want to die and leave this world. Please… Continue Reading… "lawsuit dropped against us"
Flooding in Texas
Please pray for the flooding to stop in Texas. May to the good weather return to our… Continue Reading… "Flooding in Texas"
Please pray
[We read] In the King James Bible, Ezekiel 22:30: "And I sought for a man among them, that should make up the hedge, and stand in the gap before me for the land, that I should not destroy it: but I found none." O God, please help us and teach us to build a wall [of prayer] around the USA, Canada, Poland and Great Britain. Are you ready to stand in the gap, where God is the Helper and Teacher? Please pray that Great Britain,… Continue Reading… "Please pray"


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Innovative floating wind power
Flowocean has developed an innovative floating offshore wind power solution that we call FLOW.
We believe that FLOW can be used to produce clean energy to a growing population around the world without taking up any valuable land.
Global challenges
The world faces a number of challenges today
– Growing population leads to increased demand for electrical power and fresh water
– Increasing congestion leads to shortness of electricity, fresh water and accessible land
– Accelerating climate change leads to growing need for carbon and water free power generation
These challenges requires new innovative solutions.
Energy for the future
Flowocean wants to help decelerate climate change and contribute to improved living standards for people around the world by introducing innovative floating wind power plants.
Floating offshore wind power is renewable, carbon free, has no need for cooling water and requires no land space.
Reliable and sustainable power generation
Flowocean has developed a patented design for floating offshore wind power plants that can make floating offshore wind power cost-effective. The innovative structure allows for a significant weight reduction compared to state of the art floating offshore wind power. The design incorporates a plug and play feature, which reduces the construction costs and increases the mobility of the unit, a great advantage in case there are changes in demand or the local grid would require it.
Plug & Play
Innovative plug & play feature. The FLOW units are fully manufactured and tested in a shipyard, leaving the time of installation at sea to a minimum. No special vessels are required and installation can be done in high seas. In case of major overhaul, the FLOW units can easily be towed back to shipyard for repair.
Soft & Flexible
Flowocean is humble towards and embraces the harsh weather conditions at sea. Our sub-structure interacts with the forces from waves and winds in a soft and flexible way, resulting in high reliability and long operating life time.
Low Weight
We believe that weight is a major cost driver throughout the entire cost structure, both for Capex and Opex. Flowocean has significantly managed to lower the weight compared to most state of art floating solutions.
The FLOW units are highly standardised with all sub-systems well proven allowing for further increased cost efficiency when built in large numbers and installed in large wind farms. Inter-array wind farm cabling and mooring systems are shared between the units, thus lowering the total Capex per installed MW.
Proven technology, innovative design
Flow technology is a optimal combination of Tension Leg Platform(TLP) and Semi-Submersible. This gives the Flow unit the benefits of both principles and allows the unit to be robust, light and cost-effective. By using two smaller turbines on the same platform the FLOW solution have the advantages over one larger with same total rated power
Lower cost per installed MW
Shorter wakes
Lower technology risk using two smaller and proven turbines rather than one larger unproven turbine


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Perry is the Co-Founder and Strategic Partner of Emerge, and has been on the front edge of retail, shopper marketing and branding throughout his career. Known for and recognized as one of the world's leading authorities on retailers' proprietary brands, he has shaped clients' programs across four continents and eight classes of trade. His passion is in helping companies see their unique DNA and positioning, and creating actionable marketing and sales strategies essential for their success.
Prior to Emerge Perry co-founded and led United* DSN for six years, an award-winning branding and design firm embraced by many of the world's most influential companies such as Pepsi, Lowe's Home Improvement, CVS, A&P, Hearst Corporation, Starwood Hotels and Recreation Equipment Incorporated (REI). He directed all brand strategy, innovation, marketing planning and account management across these FMCG and Retail partners. United's retail business alone reinvented over $7B of private brands.
Perry was the Chief Marketing Officer of Daymon Worldwide, leading their branding and field marketing subsidiary, C&M Marketing, where he partnered closely with retailers like Safeway, Meijer, HEB, Aeon and many others. He reinvigorated the company's creative approach and reputation, attracted experienced talent, rebuilt their portfolio and developed global category management and marketing capabilities.
He was one of the first to lead the shopper marketing revolution as VP/Management Director of Saatchi & Saatchi's Collaborative Marketing division, now Saatchi X, where he was at the forefront of customizing Procter & Gamble's marketing at key retailers in the U.S. Today, he is still professing the power of retail and addressing its future, presenting at forums like the International Institute of Research's "Private Label Impact" and "Future Trends" conferences, the Consumer Goods Forum's "Future Leaders" event, IRI's "Consumerama", Western Michigan University's annual food marketing conference and Daymon Worldwide biennials. He has an enthusiasm for branding and innovation that is also seen in his widely published articles in print and on-line.
Perry is a graduate from Northwestern's Kellogg School and Hamilton College. Perry and wife, Karen, live in Wilton, Connecticut with their three children.


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- Software
- Open Access
- Published:
Ori-Finder: A web-based system for finding oriC s in unannotated bacterial genomes
BMC Bioinformatics volume 9, Article number: 79 (2008)
21k Accesses
218 Citations
6 Altmetric
Chromosomal replication is the central event in the bacterial cell cycle. Identification of replication origins (oriC s) is necessary for almost all newly sequenced bacterial genomes. Given the increasing pace of genome sequencing, the current available software for predicting oriC s, however, still leaves much to be desired. Therefore, the increasing availability of genome sequences calls for improved software to identify oriC s in newly sequenced and unannotated bacterial genomes.
We have developed Ori-Finder, an online system for finding oriC s in bacterial genomes based on an integrated method comprising the analysis of base composition asymmetry using the Z-curve method, distribution of DnaA boxes, and the occurrence of genes frequently close to oriC s. The program can also deal with unannotated genome sequences by integrating the gene-finding program ZCURVE 1.02. Output of the predicted results is exported to an HTML report, which offers convenient views on the results in both graphical and tabular formats.
A web-based system to predict replication origins of bacterial genomes has been presented here. Based on this system, oriC regions have been predicted for the bacterial genomes available in GenBank currently. It is hoped that Ori-Finder will become a useful tool for the identification and analysis of oriC s in both bacterial and archaeal genomes.
With the increasing availability of complete genome sequences, it has become clear that an essential factor influencing bacterial proliferation is the organization of the oriC region. In bacteria, chromosome replication initiates at a single chromosome locus, called the replication origin (oriC), from which replication proceeds bidirectionally to the terminus. At the beginning of replication, ATP binds DnaA, resulting in a large oligomeric complex consisting of DnaA monomers bound to a series of 9-mer consensus elements termed DnaA boxes [1]. As a general rule, bacterial chromosomes are characterized by one bidirectional origin of replication and one terminus that define the boundaries of replichores [2]. The replication process is asymmetric with respect to the two DNA strands from the fact that the leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized as Okazaki fragments. DNA strand asymmetry can also be described in terms of gene content and nucleotide composition. Moreover, all rRNA genes, the majority of ribosomal protein coding genes and essential genes are mainly transcribed in the same direction as DNA replication (leading strand) [2]. Therefore, identifying the oriC s of bacteria is one of the key steps not only in understanding the mechanisms of bacterial replication but also in gaining insight into gene distribution and function of these bacterial genomes.
The pioneer work to identify oriC s in silico is the GC-skew analysis, which is deemed as a routine method [3, 4]. Based on the GC-skew analysis, Frank and Lobry also developed Oriloc, a program for predicting bacterial oriC s [5]. Meanwhile, an oligomer-skew method was also proposed to predict oriC regions in bacterial genomes [6], and later used to identify oriC s in 200 bacterial or/and archaeal genomes [7]. Use of GC-skew analysis together with location of the dnaA gene and distribution of DnaA boxes led to more accurate prediction of oriC regions [8].
Identification of oriC s is necessary for almost all newly sequenced bacterial genomes. Given the increasing pace of genome sequencing, the currently available software for predicting oriC s, however, still leaves much room to be improved. For instance, 1) Most, if not all, available software only predicts one approximate position instead of the boundaries of oriC s. Since the oriC is an intergenic region rather than one site, it is necessary to present oriC regions with definite boundaries. 2) Most software does not provide the distribution of species-specific DnaA boxes, which are strong indicators of oriC s. 3) No automated web server is available so far, e.g., Oriloc, in which the program can be downloaded and run locally by users. Web-based tools are more convenient, since they are platform independent and there is no need to download and install the software. 4) Only the GC-skew and/or AT-skew are provided. In addition to G/C and A/T bases, R/Y and M/K bases can also show asymmetrical distributions around oriC s. It is more informative to show all the base composition asymmetries than using GC and/or AT-skews alone.
To identify oriC regions of unannotated bacterial genomes, we have developed an online tool, Ori-Finder, based on an integrated method comprising gene identification, analysis of base composition asymmetry using the Z-curve method, distribution of DnaA boxes, occurrence of genes frequently close to oriC s and phylogenetic relationships. Output results that contain detailed information of predicted oriC s, DnaA box distributions, base composition disparity curves, and coordinates of identified genes by ZCURVE 1.02, are exported to an HTML report, which offers convenient views in both graphical and tabular formats.
The web server Ori-Finder is implemented on Apache server and the web interface is designed using CGI (Common Gateway Interface) Perl scripts. The algorithms to predict oriC regions of bacterial genomes in silico are complemented with the language of C++. The output graphs are generated by gnuplot graphic routine [9].
The software kit consists of the following programs.
The program to calculate the coordinates of the RY, MK, GC and AT disparity curves [10].
The program to calculate the distribution of DnaA boxes for the input genome sequence.
The program to assign and rank the priority of every intergenic sequence.
The gene-finding program ZCURVE 1.02 [11].
The Perl script integrating the above programs into one system.
Input to sever
Ori-Finder has a user-friendly and intuitive input interface. Users can choose to paste the sequence into the input box or upload the sequence (FASTA format) in a file. Additionally, the server requires the specification of some optional parameters listed as follows.
Select 'species-specific' DnaA boxes according to the species. It defaults to the Escherichia coli perfect DnaA box (TTATCCACA). In addition, 'species-specific' DnaA boxes have also been provided, and some of them are proposed based on the phylogenetic relationships, which have not been reported previously, such as 'TTTTCCACA' for Chlamydiae, 'TTATCGAAA' for Dehalococcoides and 'TGTTTCACG' for Bradyrhizobiaceae etc. For example, the motif 'TGTTTCACG' is proposed to server as DnaA boxes for the genomes of the family Bradyrhizobiaceae (including Rhodopseudomonas, Nitrobacter and Bradyrhizobium). Currently, ten genomes of Bradyrhizobiaceae have been fully sequenced. Note that the predicted oriC regions of them are all closely next to gidA gene as well as the switch of GC disparity curve, and all contain the palindromic sequence 'TGTTTCACGTGAAACA', which is composed of two proposed DnaA boxes 'TGTTTCACG'. Consequently, the 'species-specific' DnaA boxes proposed by us are consistent with the phylogenetic relationships. Users can also choose to search for the DnaA boxes defined themselves. By default, only nonamers differing in no more than one position from the selected DnaA boxes are scanned, but this can be changed according to the requirements of users.
Whether to upload a protein table file (".ptt" file) containing the coordinates of genes in the input genome sequence. The ".ptt" file is a table of protein features, which is usually provided by GenBank in NCBI's RefSeq ftp site [12]. Users can choose to download the ".ptt" file provided by GenBank or produce their own genome annotation that has the same format as the ".ptt" file according to their requirements. For Ori-Finder, if no ".ptt" file is uploaded, the gene-finding program ZCURVE 1.02 will be called to generate the gene list. In general, ZCURVE 1.02 or other gene-finding software alone couldn't annotate gene function. To obtain the ".ptt" file with annotation of genes related to oriC s, a database of indicator genes (such as dnaA, dnaN, hemE, gidA etc) has been collected by us, and BLAST program has also been installed locally for users' convenience (click 'Database' on the home page for more detail). Therefore, users can Blast the query sequences and find the homologues of these genes in the sequences.
Whether to display RY, MK, GC or AT disparity curves and the DnaA box distribution in the output graphs. It defaults to displaying all of them in the output graphs.
Output from the sever
The output web page shows the process of Ori-Finder, and provides links to the output results by Ori-Finder: (i) the genome size, GC content, location, length, DnaA box number, the motif of DnaA boxes, the conserved genes adjacent to the predicted oriC s, the precise coordinates of extremes of the four disparity curves and the sequence of identified oriC regions as an HTML table; (ii) the DnaA box distribution and the coordinates of the four disparity curves as text files; (iii) the integrated plot for the original sequence and (iv) that for the rotated sequence to display the obtained results, such as general genome information, the four disparity curves, distribution of DnaA boxes, locations of indicator genes and oriC regions in PNG format. A typical example of the output results obtained by Ori-Finder is shown in Figure 1. If no ".ptt" file is uploaded, the gene list file generated by ZCURVE1.02 will also be outputted. Users can do a Blast search using each output result by Ori-Finder against DoriC, a database of oriC regions [13], to confirm the reliability of the prediction. Refer to Figure 2 for the complete procedure of Ori-Finder to identify oriC regions. The output results by Ori-Finder for the newly sequenced genomes in GenBank are also available at our website.
Based on this online system, we have predicted oriC regions for the bacterial genomes available in GenBank currently. To estimate the accuracy of the predicted oriC s by Ori-Finder, a simple and straight way is to compare the predicted oriC s with those confirmed by experimental data. Consequently, the experimental confirmed oriC s so far are in accordance with those predicted by Ori-Finder [13]. In addition, other lines of evidence from oriC types, the coherence of all the three methods (i.e., typical base composition asymmetry, DnaA box distribution and indicator genes positions), and comparative genomic analysis, have shown the high reliability of the predicted oriC s by Ori-Finder.
In what follows we will discuss the unique merits of the present method, showing the evidence why this method is superior to other methods currently available. First of all, the in silico methods currently available to identify oriC s include the GC-skew analysis, and the oligomer-skew method etc. Jointly using the three methods (GC-skew, location of the dnaA gene and distribution of DnaA boxes) resulted in better prediction of oriC regions by Mackiewicz et al [8]. Although DnaA and its binding sites are well conserved throughout the bacterial kingdom, replication origins from different species show considerable diversity in terms of the number, arrangement and even the consensus sequence of DnaA boxes. In addition, genes adjacent to oriC s include not only dnaA gene itself but also dnaN, hemE, gidA or hemB etc. The information mentioned above has all been taken into consideration by the present approach, such as 'species-specific' DnaA boxes, possible genes adjacent to oriC s and phylogenetic relationships. However, by analyzing the GC-skew, Blasting for the dnaA gene and searching for DnaA boxes, the oriC s for only ~60% of genomes can be predicted. For example, the oriC s were identified for only 76 chromosomes out of the 120 chromosomes (76/120 = 63.3%) [8], which has also been confirmed again by our result for 568 chromosomes available currently in GenBank. Out of the 568 chromosomes, there are only 342 chromosomes (342/568 = 60.2%) whose oriCs are adjacent to dnaA gene and near the switch of GC-skew. Second, the present work can find oriC regions with definite boundaries with the accuracy of single base pair. Consequently, the integrated method presented in this paper outperforms those jointly applying the three methods mentioned above, as reflected by the fact that using the integrated method, the oriC regions can be identified for over 98% chromosomes out of the 568 bacterial chromosomes analyzed. For example, the genome of Synechococcus sp. JA-3-3Ab (NC_007775) does not exhibit any typical GC skew pattern. Therefore, based on the location of the dnaA gene, the origin is tentatively assigned to the rpmH-dnaA intergenic region [14]. However, in the family of Synechococcus genomes the oriC regions are closely adjacent to dnaN gene rather than dnaA gene and the DnaA box motif is 'TTTTCCACA' rather than 'TTATCCACA'. Here, by taking the above information into account, the oriC of Synechococcus sp. JA-3-3Ab can be easily predicted by Ori-Finder. For another example, applying the methods based on GC-skew, dnaA gene location and E. coli perfect DnaA box distribution to the genome of Synechococcus sp. WH 8102 (NC_005070), each of the three methods identifies a different region, respectively [8]. Consequently, none oriC can be identified for this genome [8], whereas a reliable oriC for this genome has been identified by the integrated method Ori-Finder.
Finally, we should point out the limitation of the present method. Note that the replication origins from different species show considerable diversity and sometimes annotation mistakes affect the performance. Therefore, the present method couldn't solve the problem of identifying the oriC for every bacterial genome currently available, of course, nor could other methods. Accordingly, oriC s for only ~2% of 568 chromosomes remain unresolved currently using the integrated method presented here, whereas ~40% of 568 genomes cannot be solved using only the information of GC-skew, location of the dnaA gene and distribution of DnaA boxes. However, for the chromosomes whose oriC s remain unresolved by Ori-Finder, the distribution of DnaA boxes and the extremes of GC (AT, RY and MK) disparity curves are still provided by Ori-Finder, which are helpful to obtain the approximate position of oriC region.
For the convenience of users' query, the predicted oriC regions have been organized into a MySQL database, called DoriC, which is freely available online [15].
With the availability of an increasing number of bacterial genomes, the prediction will be more accurate and reliable since the DnaA boxes or genes frequently close to oriC s can be analyzed by comparative genomics. Currently, the web server Ori-Finder is designed only for the identification of oriC s in bacterial genomes. However, the architecture of the system is also suitable for archaeal genomes by changing DnaA box into ORB (origin recognition boxes) elements. The current version contains an input option by which users can define their own DnaA boxes or ORB elements. It is hoped that Ori-Finder will become a useful tool for the identification and analysis of oriC s in both bacterial and archaeal genomes.
Availability and requirements
Project name: Ori-Finder
Project homepage: http://tubic.tju.edu.cn/Ori-Finder
Operating systems: platform independent
Programming language: C++
License: Freely available
Any restrictions on use by non-academics: None
Robinson NP, Bell SD: Origins of DNA replication in the three domains of life. The FEBS journal 2005, 272(15):3757–3766. 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04768.x
Necsulea A, Lobry JR: A new method for assessing the effect of replication on DNA base composition asymmetry. Molecular biology and evolution 2007, 24(10):2169–2179. 10.1093/molbev/msm148
Lobry JR: A simple vectorial representation of DNA sequences for the detection of replication origins in bacteria. Biochimie 1996, 78(5):323–326. 10.1016/0300-9084(96)84764-X
Grigoriev A: Analyzing genomes with cumulative skew diagrams. Nucleic acids research 1998, 26(10):2286–2290. 10.1093/nar/26.10.2286
Frank AC, Lobry JR: Oriloc: prediction of replication boundaries in unannotated bacterial chromosomes. Bioinformatics 2000, 16(6):560–561. 10.1093/bioinformatics/16.6.560
Salzberg SL, Salzberg AJ, Kerlavage AR, Tomb JF: Skewed oligomers and origins of replication. Gene 1998, 217(1–2):57–67. 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00374-6
Worning P, Jensen LJ, Hallin PF, Staerfeldt HH, Ussery DW: Origin of replication in circular prokaryotic chromosomes. Environmental microbiology 2006, 8(2):353–361. 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00917.x
Mackiewicz P, Zakrzewska-Czerwinska J, Zawilak A, Dudek MR, Cebrat S: Where does bacterial replication start? Rules for predicting the oriC region. Nucleic acids research 2004, 32(13):3781–3791. 10.1093/nar/gkh699
Gnuplot homepage[http://www.gnuplot.info]
Zhang R, Zhang CT: Identification of replication origins in archaeal genomes based on the Z -curve method. Archaea 2005, 1(5):335–346.
Guo FB, Ou HY, Zhang CT: ZCURVE: a new system for recognizing protein-coding genes in bacterial and archaeal genomes. Nucleic acids research 2003, 31(6):1780–1789. 10.1093/nar/gkg254
NCBI's RefSeq ftp site[ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/genomes]
Gao F, Zhang CT: DoriC: a database of oriC regions in bacterial genomes. Bioinformatics 2007, 23(14):1866–1867. 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm255
Allewalt JP, Bateson MM, Revsbech NP, Slack K, Ward DM: Effect of temperature and light on growth of and photosynthesis by Synechococcus isolates typical of those predominating in the octopus spring microbial mat community of Yellowstone National Park. Applied and environmental microbiology 2006, 72(1):544–550. 10.1128/AEM.72.1.544-550.2006
We would like to thank Dr. Ren Zhang for invaluable assistance. The present work was supported in part by NNSF of China (Grant No. 90408028).
Additional information
Authors' contributions
FG designed the computer program and drafted the manuscript. CTZ supervised the study and revised the manuscript. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Cite this article
Gao, F., Zhang, CT. Ori-Finder: A web-based system for finding oriC s in unannotated bacterial genomes. BMC Bioinformatics 9, 79 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-79
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-9-79
- Bacterial Genome
- Replication Origin
- dnaA Gene
- Archaeal Genome
- oriC Region


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Your generosity at work in the Bolivian Chaco
Strategic Area: Wild Places -
Content Type: Blog
Country: Bolivia -
A piece of good news about how your generosity has helped communities struggling because of COVID-19.
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Donated supplies in the municipalities.
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If you haven't yet made a gift to Nature and Culture's COVID-19 Relief Fund, you can still send help to communities in need. Visit natureandculture.org/help to make a difference today.


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Philadelphia Area HP Handheld Club Meeting
Tues. December 2, 1997 | Drexel University
Educalc to Close Its Doors After 21 Years
Just last week, Joseph Horn posted an article on the comp.sys.hp48 newsgroup announcing that Educalc would be ceasing operations at the end of the year. Apparently, due to the profit margins reducing toward zero with increased competition from the electronics superstores, it was not going to be possible for them to maintain their level of services. So they will pay their bills, ship their last orders and at the end of the year close its doors for the last time. Of course, this means that Richard Nelson is out of a job for the first time in almost eleven years. Hopefully, he'll land on his feet in the coming months. Educalc is currently selling out its remaining stock for 20 percent off their catalog prices. Their number is still 800-677-7001.
A 1998 Handhelds Conference Website is Started
Recently, Wlodek Mier-Jedrzejowicz (chairman of London's HPCC group) travelled to the United States to visit friends on the west coast and to drum up support for a possible handheld conference in the Pacific Nortwest next year. This would presumably be approaching the halfway point toward new handhelds from the recently-formed Australian Calculator Operation. In addition, since the U.S. sales operation is to be based in Portland, Oregon, there would be an adequate HP connection to have speakers present from the company. Check in on the website from time to time at www.handheld.org.
HP Begins Shipping New Palmtop
The HP360LX began shipping on November 10th with a list price of $699. This unit is the same size as the 320LX, but sports double the RAM (8 Meg) and ROM (10 Meg), faster CPU (with 60 versus 30 MHz) and Windows CE version 2.0. At the same time, the HP320LX drops in price by $100 to $499 and the original 300LX (with no backlight and only one card port instead of two like the others) is discontinued. Also, HP announced the availability of the HP620LX color palmtop for the end of the year. This unit is a half inch wider and deeper and a third-inch thicker than the 320 or 360, and adds a microphone for digital voice recording as well as 16 meg of RAM, even faster CPU (at 75 Mhz) and optional VGA-out PC card for external SVGA monitor support. The 620LX will list for $999. One wonders with the sizes continually growing, whether their utility is diminished as a palmtop.
Meanwhile, many of the other palmtop competitors in the Windows CE arena have also announced their version-2.0 units as well; including Philips, NEC, Compaq, Casio and LG Electronics (formerly Lucky Goldstar). The NEC unit is positively "enormous" for a palmtop, with three-quarter-size keyboard and half-VGA monochrome LCD. (At this size, they compete with Toshiba's line of Libretto Windows 95 subnotebooks.) The new Philips Velo 500 (why wasn't it called the Velo 2 to follow the model 1???) remains the same physical size as its predecessor, but offers 28.8Kbps internal modem and either 16 or 24 megs of RAM.
Speaking earlier of the Toshiba Libretto, a new model 70 (at $1999.) has just been introduced in the United States, to come in above the model 50 (whose price has been reduced to $1499). The physical box remains the same: 8.3 by 4.5 by 1.4 inches in size with 6.1-inch TFT color LCD running Windows 95. The CPU has been upped from 75 to 120 megahertz and the standard RAM is still 16 MB. The internal hard drive has been doubled in size from 800 meg to 1.6 gig. This form factor seems to have gotten the attention of the other Japanese manufacturers, as at least two others have released similarly-sized units over there. This should keep Toshiba on its toes, and indeed since the original Libretto model 20 it has not gone more than six months without announcing a new model.
HP Calculator Web Site Moved
Check out the new HP Calculator Web site at www.hp.com/calculators. They've been moved away from their original place along with the palmtops at hpcc998.external.hp.com:80/handheld/handheld_devices - this might be due to the fact that palmtops have remained in Singapore and calculators have recently been moved to the Australian group. Hopefully, this is just the beginning of things which will be changing for the better for HP calculators.
Texas Instruments TI-92 Gets a Boost
Recently, TI announced a user-installable upgrade for the TI-92 graphics calculator, called the Plus Module. This $80. upgrade (planned for the first half of next year) will supply an additional 128K of regular user RAM plus 384K of "archive" memory for storing additional functions, programs and data. In addition, a list of enhanced capabilities includes:
It looks like this is TI's first step to expand the TI-92 in the direction of the HP48, at least in the solver, units and systems-of-equations direction. In addition, the Plus module contains flash memory which will be able to be upgraded via Internet connection to TI's web site in the future. This novel way of updating the machine should prove very popular. Check this out at www.ti.com/calc/docs/92plus.htm on the web.
London Conference Video Available
If you're interested in obtaining a copy of the 11-hour videotape from the September London HP Handheld Conference, either check out our HP videos web site at www.waterw.com/~jake-s/video.htm, email me at email@example.com or phone me at 856-751-1310 at home evenings or weekends. Also, we've got 66 photos from the conference posted at www.waterw.com/~jake-s/1997/HPCCconf97/hpccimag.htm. As always, check out our regular web site at for all the latest information relating to handhelds and our local group.
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Take Heed Everyone! with Benjamin Baruch
The Prophet Jeremiah warns us of deception even from those who we call brother. With so much deception in the news, Facebook, family and Churches. How do we know what is right and what is wrong. Tonight Brother Benjamin brings an important word for THIS HOUR!!!


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