text:
By Date
|ZAR1 Resistosome
November 2023
Plants protect themselves from infection with immune system machines such as the resistosome
|RSV Fusion Glycoprotein
October 2023
Structures of the fusion glycoprotein from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were used to engineer effective vaccines to fight viral infection.
|Histone Deacetylases
September 2023
Histone deacetylases regulate access to genetic information by modifying histones
|ATM and ATR Kinases
August 2023
Dividing cells use ATM and ATR kinases to respond to DNA damage.
|c-Abl Protein Kinase and Imatinib
July 2023
Protein kinases are being targeted by new anti-cancer drugs
|Odorant Receptors
June 2023
Our sense of smell relies on odorant receptors that recognize specific scents.
|Cellulases and Bioenergy
May 2023
Powerful fungal enzymes break down cellulose during industrial production of ethanol from plant material.
|MHC I Peptide Loading Complex
April 2023
Several steps of quality control optimize the peptides that are displayed by MHC I.
|Anaphase-Promoting Complex / Cyclosome
March 2023
APC/C guards the checkpoints that regulate key steps in the cell cycle
|SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Home Tests
February 2023
Home test kits for SARS-CoV-2 test for the presence of nucleocapsid, the protein that packages the viral genome in infectious virions.
|Plastic-eating Enzymes
January 2023
Researchers are looking to Nature to find ways to dispose of discarded plastic.
|Click Chemistry
December 2022
A modular approach to chemistry simplifies the construction of complex protein-targeting molecules.
|Actin Branching by Arp2/3 Complex
November 2022
By mimicking actin, Arp2/3 complex helps build a complex cytoskeleton that supports and shapes cells.
|Phytohormone Receptor DWARF14
October 2022
Some phytohormones mobilize the cell's protein degradation machinery to regulate plant growth and development.
|Respiratory Supercomplex
September 2022
In our mitochondria, three electron-transport complexes assemble into a supercomplex.
|Secretory Antibodies
August 2022
Secretory immunoglobulins are our most abundant antibodies, providing a first line of defense against pathogens.
|Non-Homologous End Joining Supercomplexes
July 2022
Lethal double-strand breaks in the DNA genome are repaired by NHEJ
|Pyruvate Kinase M2
June 2022
Pyruvate kinases are the paradoxical gatekeepers for cancer cell metabolism and growth.
|Nicotine, Cancer, and Addiction
May 2022
Nicotine causes addiction by interacting with receptors in the brain
|HER2/neu and Trastuzumab
April 2022
Trastuzumab monoclonal antibodies targeting HER2 receptors are at the forefront of breast cancer treatment
|Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VegF) and Angiogenesis
March 2022
VegF promotes blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), affecting cancer proliferation, wound healing, and other bodily processes.
February 2022
Oligosaccharyltransferase adds a protective coat of carbohydrates to proteins.
|Golgi Casein Kinase
January 2022
Casein and many other secreted proteins are phosphorylated by Golgi casein kinase
|SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants
December 2021
SARS-CoV-2 is constantly changing, posing new challenges during the COVID19 pandemic
|Acetohydroxyacid Synthase
November 2021
In plants, AHAS performs the first step in synthesis of three essential amino acids, making it an effective target for herbicides.
|Fifty Years of Open Access to PDB Structures
October 2021
The Protein Data Bank is celebrating its golden anniversary!
|DNA-Sequencing Nanopores
September 2021
Designer nanopores work with enzymes to offer pocket-sized DNA sequencing
|Ribonuclease P
August 2021
The ribozyme ribonuclease P cleaves pre-tRNA to form functional tRNA.
|Designed Proteins and Citizen Science
July 2021
What if people with no formal experience in science could help to improve or even rewrite nature, simply by playing a game?
|Glucocorticoid Receptor and Dexamethasone
June 2021
An anti-inflammatory drug has given us a new way to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
|Fetal Hemoglobin
May 2021
Fetal hemoglobin allows a growing fetus to receive oxygen from their mother.
|SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Antibodies
April 2021
Structural biologists are revealing the many ways that antibodies recognize SARS-CoV-2
|Cisplatin and DNA
March 2021
Cisplatin treats cancer by causing damage to the DNA of cancer cells.
|Cellulose Synthase
February 2021
Plants build tough cellulose strands one sugar at a time.
January 2021
In bacteria, ribosomes start building proteins as messenger RNA is being transcribed
|Hepatitis C Virus Protease/Helicase
December 2020
Structures of hepatitis C viral proteins have led to the discovery of direct-acting antivirals.
|Adenylyl Cyclase
November 2020
Adenylyl cyclase creates second messengers to amplify signals from G-protein coupled receptors
|Capsaicin Receptor TRPV1
October 2020
TRPV1 is an ion channel that senses heat and contributes to pain sensation.
|SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase
September 2020
Coronaviruses duplicate their RNA genome using a specialized polymerase
|Phytosulfokine Receptor
August 2020
Phytosulfokine and other small peptides deliver signals about growth and development in plants.
|Myelin-associated Glycoprotein
July 2020
Nerve axons are insulated and protected by a sheath of myelin
|SARS-CoV-2 Spike
June 2020
Coronavirus spike protein binds to receptors on cell surfaces, and is a target for vaccine development.
May 2020
Cryoelectron microscropy is revealing how spliceosomes cut-and-paste messenger RNA molecules.
|Photosynthetic Supercomplexes
April 2020
Light is captured by huge supercomplexes of photosystems and antenna systems.
|Voltage-gated Sodium Channels
March 2020
Voltage-gated sodium channels transmit signals in a wave through the nervous system.
|Coronavirus Proteases
February 2020
Coronavirus proteases are attractive targets for the design of antiviral drugs.
|Twenty Years of Molecules
January 2020
Celebrating the structural biology revolution
|Hypoxia-Inducible Factors
December 2019
HIF-α is a molecular switch that responds to changing oxygen levels.
|Phospholipase A2
November 2019
Phospholipase A2 breaks membrane lipids, forming molecules that contribute to inflammation and pain signaling.
|Ribonucleotide Reductase
October 2019
Ribonucleotide reductase creates the building blocks of DNA
|Nanodiscs and HDL
September 2019
Nanodiscs conveniently package a small piece of membrane for experimental studies.
|Cyclin and Cyclin-dependent Kinase
August 2019
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases control when cells divide, making them important targets for cancer therapy.
|AMPA Receptor
July 2019
Receptors for the neurotransmitter glutamate in our brain come in several shapes and sizes.
|MDM2 and Cancer
June 2019
MDM2 controls the action of p53 tumor suppressor, making it a target for cancer chemotherapy.
|S-Nitrosylated Hemoglobin
May 2019
Nitric oxide is attached to a conserved cysteine in hemoglobin and then released to control the flow of blood.
|Proteins and Biominerals
April 2019
Small biomineral crystals are used to build bone, eggshells and even tiny compasses.
|Measles Virus Proteins
March 2019
Six proteins in measles virus work together to infect cells.
|Initiation Factor eIF4E
February 2019
Initiation factors for protein synthesis interact through disordered chains.
|Fluorescent RNA Aptamers
January 2019
RNA aptamers are being engineered to track molecules inside living cells
|Directed Evolution of Enzymes
December 2018
Biological evolution is being harnessed in the lab to create new enzymes.
November 2018
Telomerase maintains the ends of our chromosomes.
|Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Resistance
October 2018
Bacteria become resistant to aminoglycosides by destroying them or changing their target.
September 2018
Phytase is used in agriculture to mobilize indigestible phosphate compounds in livestock feed.
August 2018
Legumain cleaves proteins, and can also put them back together.
|Piezo1 Mechanosensitive Channel
July 2018
Mechanosensitive ion channels give our cells a sense of touch.
|Proteins and Nanoparticles
June 2018
Nanotech scientists are designing new ways to combine proteins and nanoparticles
|Human Papillomavirus and Vaccines
May 2018
The capsid protein of papillomavirus is used in vaccines that prevent cervical cancer.
April 2018
Bacteria destroy toxic environmental pollutants that include chlorine or bromine atoms.
|Vacuolar ATPase
March 2018
Two linked molecular motors are used to pump protons across membranes.
|EPSP Synthase and Weedkillers
February 2018
The weedkiller Roundup attacks a key enzyme involved in the construction of aromatic compounds.
|Opioid Receptors
January 2018
Morphine and other opioid drugs bind to receptors in the nervous system, controlling pain
|Biodegradable Plastic
December 2017
Bacteria build biodegradable plastic that could be better for the environment
|Aspartate Transcarbamoylase
November 2017
Key biosynthetic enzymes are regulated by their ultimate products through allosteric motions.
|Chimeric Antigen Receptors
October 2017
T cells may be engineered with chimeric antigen receptors to attack cancer cells.
September 2017
Sirtuin activation is being explored as a way to slow aging.
|Glutathione Transferases
August 2017
Glutathione transferase tags toxic molecules, making them easy to recognize and remove.
|Pilus Machine
July 2017
A molecular machine with a rotary motor builds a long protein filament involved in bacterial motility and attachment.
|Adenine Riboswitch in Action
June 2017
XFEL serial crystallography reveals what happens when adenine binds to a riboswitch
|Tissue Transglutaminase and Celiac Disease
May 2017
Tissue transglutaminase staples proteins together by forming a chemical crosslink.
|Glucose Transporters
April 2017
Glucose transporters deliver glucose molecules one-by-one across cell membranes.
|Photoactive Yellow Protein
March 2017
Researchers use synchrotrons and X-ray lasers to reveal the rapid processes of light sensing.
|Globin Evolution
February 2017
The mechanisms of molecular evolution are revealed in globin sequences and structures.
|Nuclear Pore Complex
January 2017
The nuclear pore complex is the gateway between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
|PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein 1)
December 2016
PD-1 and its ligands are a new target for cancer therapy
|Aminopeptidase 1 and Autophagy
November 2016
Aminopeptidase 1 is delivered inside the cell using the machinery of autophagy
|Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4
October 2016
Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 are used to treat type-2 diabetes
|Isoprene Synthase
September 2016
Plants release a billion metric tons of isoprene and other organic gases every year.
|Quasisymmetry in Icosahedral Viruses
August 2016
Viruses use quasisymmetry to build large capsids out of many small subunits
July 2016
Monellin and other supersweet proteins trick our taste receptors.
June 2016
Beta-galactosidase is a powerful tool for genetic engineering of bacteria
|Zika Virus
May 2016
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of Zika virus
|Lead Poisoning
April 2016
Lead ions poison proteins throughout the body, blocking their normal function.
|RAF Protein Kinases
March 2016
A single mutation in a RAF protein kinase can help transform a normal cell into a cancer cell.
|Designer Insulins
February 2016
Engineered insulins have been developed to improve treatment of diabetes
January 2016
Our innate immune system starves bacteria of iron using siderocalin.
December 2015
The antibiotic vancomycin blocks the construction of bacterial cell walls.
|Glutamate-gated Chloride Receptors
November 2015
The antibiotic ivermectin attacks glutamate-gated chloride channels, paralyzing parasitic worms.
|Two-component Systems
October 2015
Bacteria respond to their environment with two-component sensing systems.
September 2015
Alzheimer's disease and prion diseases are linked to unnatural aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils.
|Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis
August 2015
Tetrahydrobiopterin plays an essential role in the production of aromatic amino acids, neurotransmitters and nitric oxide.
|New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase
July 2015
Antibiotics can save lives, but antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria pose a dangerous threat
|Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
June 2015
RAGE recognizes sugar-modified proteins, contributing to an inflammatory response that plays a role in diabetes
May 2015
The giant protein titin organizes the structure of muscle and gives them elasticity
April 2015
Glucagon triggers the release of glucose into the blood, to power cells throughout the body
March 2015
Phototrophins sense the level of blue light, allowing plants to respond to changing environmental conditions
|Insulin Receptor
February 2015
The cellular receptor for insulin helps control the utilization of glucose by cells
|Cascade and CRISPR
January 2015
Cascade and CRISPR help bacteria remember how to fight viral infection
|TAL Effectors
December 2014
TAL-effectors are modular, DNA-reading proteins that can be used to edit DNA in living cells
|Methyl-coenzyme M Reductase
November 2014
Methanogens use sophisticated molecular tools to build methane
|Ebola Virus Proteins
October 2014
Structures of ebola virus proteins are giving new hope for fighting this deadly virus
September 2014
Apoptosomes make life or death decisions in cells
August 2014
The motor protein dynein transports cellular cargo along microtubules
July 2014
The largest filaments of the cytoskeleton provide tracks for transport throughout the cell
|GFP-like Proteins
June 2014
GFP-like proteins found in nature or engineered in the laboratory now span every color of the rainbow
May 2014
Aquaporins create a channel for water molecules to cross through cell membranes
|RecA and Rad51
April 2014
Broken DNA strands may be repaired by matching sequences in a duplicate copy of the DNA
|Neurotransmitter Transporters
March 2014
Neurotransmitters are transported out of nerve synapses to end a signal transmission
|Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies
February 2014
Structural studies of broadly neutralizing antibodies are paving the way to vaccines for HIV, influenza and RSV
|HIV Envelope Glycoprotein
January 2014
Envelope protein attaches HIV to the cells that it infects and powers fusion of the virus with the cell membrane
|DNA Helicase
December 2013
DNA helicase pries apart the two strands in a DNA double helix, powered by ATP
|SNARE Proteins
November 2013
SNARE proteins power the fusion of vesicles with membranes by forming a bundle of alpha helices
October 2013
Proteasomes destroy damaged or obsolete proteins inside cells
|Designed Protein Cages
September 2013
Researchers are modifying natural proteins to design new self-assembling protein cages
|Serotonin Receptor
August 2013
Serotonin receptors control mood, emotion, and many other behaviors, and are targets for many important drugs
|HIV Capsid
July 2013
At the center of HIV, an unusual cone-shaped capsid protects the viral genome and delivers it into infected cells
June 2013
Small toxic peptides help protect us from bacterial infection
May 2013
The structure of ricin reveals how it kills cells and how vaccines can produce immunity against ricin poisoning
April 2013
Some antibiotics attack cells by intercalating between the bases in a DNA double helix
March 2013
Earthworms build a huge version of hemoglobin to carry oxygen
|Proton-Gated Urea Channel
February 2013
A channel that passes urea allows ulcer-producing bacteria to live in the stomach
|Transfer-Messenger RNA
January 2013
tmRNA rescues ribosomes that are stalled by damaged messenger RNA
|ABO Blood Type Glycosyltransferases
December 2012
ABO blood types are determined by an enzyme that attaches sugars to proteins
|Vitamin D Receptor
November 2012
Vitamin D helps regulate the use of calcium throughout the body
|Citric Acid Cycle
October 2012
Eight enzymes form a cyclic pathway for energy production and biosynthesis
|Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
September 2012
A huge molecular complex links three sequential reactions for energy production
|cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (PKA)
August 2012
PKA delivers cellular signals by adding phosphates to proteins
|Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT)
July 2012
Cells salvage and recycle their obsolete DNA and RNA
|Sliding Clamps
June 2012
Sliding clamps slide along DNA strands and keep DNA polymerase on track during replication
May 2012
Problems with the appetite-controlling hormone leptin can lead to obesity
|Ras Protein
April 2012
Mutation of the growth-controlling ras protein can lead to cancer
March 2012
In our eyes, rhodopsin uses the molecule retinal to see light
|Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
February 2012
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria build enzymes that destroy drugs like streptomycin
|Messenger RNA Capping
January 2012
Messenger RNA molecules are capped with an inverted nucleotide
|Complex I
December 2011
A proton-pumping protein complex performs the first step of the respiratory electron transport chain
|Toll-like Receptors
November 2011
Toll-like receptors warn us about bacterial and viral infection
|PDB Pioneers
October 2011
A dozen historic structures set the foundation for the PDB archive
|O-GlcNAc Transferase
September 2011
Some protein functions are regulated when sugars are attached
|Rhomboid Protease GlpG
August 2011
Some proteases cut proteins embedded in cell membranes
|DNA Methyltransferases
July 2011
Cells add methyl groups to their DNA to encode additional epigenetic information
June 2011
Bacteria adhere to our teeth by building sticky sugar chains
|Cytochrome bc1
May 2011
A flow of electrons powers proton pumps in cellular respiration and photosynthesis
April 2011
Unusual antibodies from camels are useful in research and medicine
March 2011
HIV integrase allows HIV to insert itself into the genome of an infected cell
February 2011
Integrins forge flexible linkages between the infrastructure inside and outside of cells
|Nitric Oxide Synthase
January 2011
Nitric oxide gas is used as a rapid-acting hormone and as a powerful defense
December 2010
Adenovirus has an icosahedral capsid with unusual cell-binding fibers
November 2010
Inteins splice themselves out of larger protein chains
October 2010
Special sequences of messenger RNA can bind to regulatory molecules and affect synthesis of proteins
|Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
September 2010
Atomic structures have revealed the catalytic steps of a citric acid cycle enzyme
August 2010
Interferons mobilize defenses against viral infection
July 2010
A concentrated solution of crystallins refracts light in our eye lens
|Epidermal Growth Factor
June 2010
EGF is part of a family of proteins that controls aspects of cell growth and development
May 2010
Viruses that cause distemper are surrounded by an icosahedral capsid
|Concanavalin A and Circular Permutation
April 2010
For some proteins, clipped and reassembled sequences can produce the same 3D shape
March 2010
P-glycoprotein pumps toxic molecules out of our cells
February 2010
Enhanceosomes help decide the appropriate time to transcribe a gene
January 2010
Ribosomes are complex molecular machines that build proteins
|Antifreeze Proteins
December 2009
Small antifreeze proteins protect cells from damage by ice
|Designed DNA Crystal
November 2009
Small pieces of DNA have been engineered to form a nanoscale lattice
|Sodium-Potassium Pump
October 2009
Cells continually pump sodium ions out and potassium ions in, powered by ATP
|Xanthine Oxidoreductase
September 2009
Xanthine oxidoreductase helps break down obsolete purine nucleotides
August 2009
Sulfotransferases transfer sulfuryl groups in enzymatic reactions
July 2009
Beta-secretase trims proteins in the cell and plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease
June 2009
Cells build huge vault containers constructed of a symmetric arrangement of many subunits
|Influenza Neuraminidase
May 2009
Neuraminidase is an important target for influenza drugs
|Oct and Sox Transcription Factors
April 2009
Transcription factors decide when particular genes will be transcribed
March 2009
Hydrogenases use unusual metal ions to split hydrogen gas
|Auxin and TIR1 Ubiquitin Ligase
February 2009
The plant hormone auxin controls growth and response to light and gravity
|Tobacco Mosaic Virus
January 2009
A cylindrical arrangement of proteins protects a long strand of RNA in TMV
December 2008
Heat shock proteins ensure that proteins remain folded and active under harsh conditions
|Mechanosensitive Channels
November 2008
Pressure-sensitive channels open when the internal pressure of a cell gets too high
|Poly(A) Polymerase
October 2008
Poly(A) polymerase adds a long tail of adenine nucleotides at the end of messenger RNA
|Ribonuclease A
September 2008
Ribonuclease cuts and controls RNA
|Selenocysteine Synthase
August 2008
Selenium is used in place of sulfur to build proteins for special tasks
|Dengue Virus
July 2008
Atomic structures of dengue virus are giving new hope for creation of a vaccine
|Lactate Dehydrogenase
June 2008
Our cells temporarily build lactate when supplies of oxygen are low
May 2008
Mad cow disease is caused by prion proteins that misfold and aggregate
|Adrenergic Receptors
April 2008
Adrenaline stimulates a G-protein-coupled receptor, priming us for action
March 2008
Adhesive cadherin proteins hold neighboring cells together
|Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)
February 2008
Our cells continually look for pieces of double-stranded RNA, a possible sign of viral infection
|Circadian Clock Proteins
January 2008
Circadian clock proteins measure time in our cells
|Oxidosqualene Cyclase
December 2007
Oxidosqualine cyclase forms the unusual fused rings of cholesterol molecules
|Multidrug Resistance Transporters
November 2007
Many bacteria use multidrug resistance transporters to pump drugs and poisons out of the cell
|Superoxide Dismutase
October 2007
Superoxide dismutase protects us from dangerously reactive forms of oxygen
|Citrate Synthase
September 2007
Citrate synthase opens and closes around its substrates as part of the citric acid cycle
|Anabolic Steroids
August 2007
Anabolic steroids like testosterone are among the most common performance enhancing drugs
|Thymine Dimers
July 2007
Ultraviolet light damages our DNA, but our cells have ways to correct the damage
|Fatty Acid Synthase
June 2007
Fatty acids are constructed in many sequential steps by a large protein complex
|Aconitase and Iron Regulatory Protein 1
May 2007
Aconitase performs a reaction in the citric acid cycle, and moonlights as a regulatory protein
April 2007
Three-armed clathrin triskelions are used to build molecular cages involved in transport
|Zinc Fingers
March 2007
Zinc ions are used to strengthen small protein modules that recognize DNA
February 2007
Exosomes destroy messenger RNA molecules after they have finished their jobs
January 2007
Importins deliver proteins into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex
December 2006
Transposases shift genes around in the genome
November 2006
Rod-shaped fibrin molecules link together to form blood clots
|Cytochrome p450
October 2006
Cytochrome p450 detoxifies and solubilizes drugs and poisons by modifying them with oxygen
|Elongation Factors
September 2006
Protein synthesis requires the assistance of several elongation factors that guide each step
|AAA+ Proteases
August 2006
AAA+ proteases are ATP-powered molecular motors that thread protein chains through a hole
|Amyloid-beta Precursor Protein
July 2006
Cell-clogging amyloids form when proteins improperly aggregate
June 2006
Organisms from fireflies to bacteria use luciferase to emit light
|Glucose Oxidase
May 2006
Glucose oxidase measures blood glucose level in biosensors
April 2006
Influenza virus binds to cells and infects them using hemagglutinin
|Tissue Factor
March 2006
Tissue factor senses damage to the body and triggers formation of a blood clot
February 2006
Amylases digest starch to produce glucose
January 2006
Topoisomerases untangle and reduce the tension of DNA strands in the cell
|ATP Synthase
December 2005
ATP synthase links two rotary motors to generate ATP
|Acetylcholine Receptor
November 2005
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine opens a protein channel, stimulating muscle contraction
|Designer Proteins
October 2005
Researchers have successfully designed entirely new proteins based on biological principles
|Cholera Toxin
September 2005
Many bacterial toxins have two parts: one that finds a cell, the other that kills it
August 2005
Neurotrophins guide the development of the nervous system
|TATA-Binding Protein
July 2005
TATA protein tells RNA polymerase where to get started on a gene
|Carotenoid Oxygenase
June 2005
Light-sensing retinal molecules are built from colorful carotenoids in our diet
|Self-splicing RNA
May 2005
Special sequences of RNA are able to splice themselves
April 2005
The motor protein kinesin carries cellular cargo along microtubules
|T-Cell Receptor
March 2005
Lymphocytes use T-cell receptors to patrol the body for foreign molecules
|Major Histocompatibility Complex
February 2005
MHC displays peptides on the surfaces of cells, allowing the immune system to sense the infection inside
|Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
January 2005
An unusual cofactor is used in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids
December 2004
Ubiquitin is used to tag obsolete proteins for destruction
|Photosystem II
November 2004
Photosystem II captures the energy from sunlight and uses it to extract electrons from water molecules
|G Proteins
October 2004
G proteins receive signals from cellular receptors and deliver them inside the cell
September 2004
Catalase protects us from dangerous reactive oxidizing molecules
August 2004
Caspases disassemble proteins during the process of programmed cell death
|DNA Ligase
July 2004
DNA ligase reconnects broken DNA strands, and is used to engineer recombinant DNA
June 2004
Acetylcholinesterase stops the signal between a nerve cell and a muscle cell
May 2004
Serpins are traps that capture dangerous proteases
|Growth Hormone
April 2004
Growth hormone brings together two copies of its cellular receptor
|Calcium Pump
March 2004
Atomic structures have captured the calcium pump in action
|Glycolytic Enzymes
February 2004
The ten enzymes of glycolysis break down sugar in our diet
|Carbonic Anhydrase
January 2004
Carbonic anhydrase solubilizes carbon dioxide gas so we can breathe it out
|Catabolite Activator Protein
December 2003
CAP senses the level of sugar and mobilizes the proteins needed to utilize it
|Simian Virus 40
November 2003
SV40 hijacks the cells it infects using only a handful of proteins
October 2003
An activated serine amino acid in trypsin cleaves protein chains
|Estrogen Receptor
September 2003
Estrogen binds to receptors in the nucleus and affects key genes in development
August 2003
Calcium ions rapidly deliver signals to control processes such as muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and fertilization
|Src Tyrosine Kinase
July 2003
Growth signaling proteins play an important role in the development of cancer
|Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
June 2003
A tiny fluorescent protein from jellyfish has revolutionized cell biology
May 2003
Hemoglobin uses a change in shape to increase the efficiency of oxygen transport
|RNA Polymerase
April 2003
RNA polymerase transcribes genetic information from DNA into RNA
|lac Repressor
March 2003
A genetic circuit controls the production of lactose-utilizing enzymes in bacteria
|Potassium Channels
February 2003
Potassium channels allow potassium ions to pass, but block smaller sodium ions
|Serum Albumin
January 2003
Serum albumin delivers fatty acid molecules through the bloodstream
|Cytochrome c
December 2002
Cytochrome c shuttles electrons during the production of cellular energy
|Ferritin and Transferrin
November 2002
Ferritin and transferrin manage our essential stores of iron ions
|Dihydrofolate Reductase
October 2002
DHFR is a target for cancer chemotherapy and bacterial infection
|HIV Reverse Transcriptase
September 2002
HIV builds a DNA copy of its RNA genome, providing a unique target for drug therapy
August 2002
Chaperones help new proteins fold into their proper shape
|p53 Tumor Suppressor
July 2002
p53 tumor suppressor protects the body from DNA damage and cancer
|Glutamine Synthetase
June 2002
Glutamine synthetase monitors the levels of nitrogen-rich amino acids and decides when to make more
|Penicillin-binding Proteins
May 2002
Penicillin attacks the proteins that build bacterial cell walls
|Anthrax Toxin
April 2002
Anthrax bacteria build a deadly three-part toxin
March 2002
Bacteriorhodopsin pumps protons powered by green sunlight
February 2002
Nitrogenase uses an exotic cluster of metals to fix atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable ammonia
January 2002
Thrombin activates the molecule that forms blood clots
|Glycogen Phosphorylase
December 2001
Glycogen phosphorylase releases sugar from its cellular storehouse
November 2001
Atomic structures reveal how the iconic double helix encodes genomic information
|Photosystem I
October 2001
Photosystem I captures the energy in sunlight
September 2001
Antibodies search for foreign molecules in the blood
|Poliovirus and Rhinovirus
August 2001
Crystallographic structures reveal the atomic details of viruses and how to fight them
July 2001
Cells are supported by a cytoskeleton of protein filaments
June 2001
Molecular motors fueled by ATP power the contraction of muscles
May 2001
Aspirin attacks an important enzyme in pain signaling and blood clotting
|Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
April 2001
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ensure that the proper amino acids are used to build proteins
|Transfer RNA
March 2001
Transfer RNA translates the language of the genome into the language of proteins
February 2001
The hormone insulin helps control the level of glucose in the blood
|Alcohol Dehydrogenase
January 2001
Alcohol dehydrogenase detoxifies the ethanol we drink
December 2000
Pepsin digests proteins in strong stomach acid
November 2000
Rubisco fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide into bioavailable sugar molecules
|Ribosomal Subunits
October 2000
Atomic structures of the ribosomal subunits reveal a central role for RNA in protein synthesis
September 2000
Lysozyme attacks the cell walls of bacteria
|Restriction Enzymes
August 2000
Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA are useful tools for genetic engineering
July 2000
The cell's genome is stored and protected by nucleosomes
|HIV-1 Protease
June 2000
Atomic structures of HIV protease have been used to design powerful drugs for HIV therapy
|Cytochrome c Oxidase
May 2000
Cytochrome oxidase extracts energy from food using oxygen
April 2000
Sturdy fibers of collagen give structure to our bodies
|DNA Polymerase
March 2000
DNA polymerase makes an accurate copy of the cell's genome
|Bacteriophage phiX174
February 2000
Bacteriophage phiX174 hijacks bacterial cells and forces them to make new copies of the virus
January 2000
Myoglobin was the first protein to have its atomic structure determined, revealing how it stores oxygen in muscle cells.


text:
If you are in the ad business, have you ever noticed the frequency in which we use the word fuck. It' amazing. People who I know who have come in contact with me in the office or who have sit in on meetings are amazed at the "fuck frequency"
To me, it's just another word need to convey the point. It's almost as if their can't be a conversation without the word. No way to get around it really:
After hanging up the phone with a client, "Can you fuckin believe what that fuckhead wants us to do??"
At the prospect of meeting another sales rep, "I have to fuckin meet with another rep"
One creative person to another, "Those fuckin AE's. They don't fuckin understand creativity!"
At the prospect of a newly request client project, "Can you believe the fuckery this client wants us to go through?"
At the disbelief with which agency management handles ANYTHING, "What the fuck are they thinking? What a fuckin idiot!"
AE to Account Planner, "You want how fuckin long to do that research?"
Account Planner to AE, "If you want messaging that makes any fuckin sense, we need to know the market, the competition, and a fuckin clue as to the direction we need to go in."
Creative to Planner, "How the fuck can I come up with an idea all fuckin boxed in by your fuckin research?"
Client to agency after a long intensive pitch, "What the fuck were you thinking?" :-)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Lyra McKee: Murdered journalist's death 'must not be in vain', says partner
In the hours before her death, Lyra McKee posted an image of the unrest in Creggan, saying: "Derry tonight. Absolute madness."
Saturday 20 April 2019 10:25, UK
The partner of a journalist murdered in Northern Ireland has described the fatal shooting as a "barbaric act".
Lyra McKee, 29, was shot in the head as she covered disturbances in Londonderry on Thursday evening and died later in hospital.
She tweeted about the "absolute madness" in the area in the hours before she lost her life.
Detectives have said the New IRA, a dissident republican group, was most likely behind the reporter's murder.
Ms McKee's partner Sara Canning told a vigil in Derry: "Our hopes and dreams and all of her amazing potential was snuffed out by this single barbaric act."
She said it has left so many friends without their confidante.
"Victims and LGBTQI community are left without a tireless advocate and activist and it has left me without the love of my life, the woman I was planning to grow old with.
She added: "This cannot stand, Lyra's death must not be in vain because her life was a shining light in everyone else's life and her legacy will live on and the life that she has left behind."
Assistant Chief Constable Mark Hamilton said: "This murder demonstrates all too starkly that when terrorists bring violence and guns into the community, members of the public are placed in severe danger. It is abundantly clear that they do not care who they harm.
"This is a horrendous act, it is unnecessary, it is uncalled for, it's totally unjustified.
"But not only is it a murder of a young woman, it is an attack again on the people of this city."
However, Republican group Saoradh released a statement claiming a "Republican Volunteer" shot Ms McKee while attempting to "defend people" from the PSNI.
Trouble broke out on Thursday night as officers carried out a search operation aimed at disrupting dissident republicans ahead of this weekend's commemoration of Irish independence.
During the disturbances, more than 50 petrol bombs were thrown at officers - and two cars were hijacked and set on fire.
A gunman fired a number of shots at police, one of which hit Ms McKee in the head.
Leona O'Neill, who was at the scene, said she called an ambulance for the journalist.
She tweeted: "I was standing beside this young woman when she fell beside a police Land Rover tonight in Creggan #Derry. I called an ambulance for her but police put her in the back of their vehicle and rushed her to hospital where she died."
In 2016, Forbes Magazine named Ms McKee one of their 30 under 30 in media. She had been working on a new book which had been due to be published in 2020.
It is understood she had recently moved to Derry to live with her partner.
Sky's senior Ireland correspondent David Blevins said tensions had been building in Creggan in the run-up to Easter, when republicans mark the anniversary of the 1916 uprising against British rule in Ireland.
He explained: "There was some disorder last Easter when dissident republicans, who are opposed to the peace process, organised an illegal parade there.
"Earlier this week, they said police would be to blame for any disorder this year and warned what they called 'British crown forces' not to saturate the area.
Prime Minister Theresa May said: "The death of Lyra McKee in last night's suspected terrorist incident in Londonderry is shocking and truly senseless.
"My deepest condolences go to her family, friends and colleagues. She was a journalist who died doing her job with great courage."
Sinn Fein's deputy leader Michelle O'Neill condemned the "senseless loss of life", saying it was not only a tragedy for the family, but also "an attack on all the people of this community, an attack on our peace process and an attack on the Good Friday Agreement".
She added: "I unreservedly condemn those responsible for killing this young woman.
"We will remain resolute in our opposition to the pointless actions of these people who care nothing for the people of Derry.
"We remain united in our determination to building a better and peaceful future for all."
Ms O'Neill called on those responsible to "disband immediately and end their pointless actions against the community".
DUP leader Arlene Foster described the killing as a "senseless act".
She said: "A family has been torn apart. Those who brought guns onto our streets in the 70s, 80s and 90s were wrong. It is equally wrong in 2019.
"No one wants to go back. My thoughts are also with the brave officers who stood in defence of their community."
Robin Swann, leader of the Ulster Unionist Party, said news of the death was "devastating".
He tweeted: "A precious life lost, we can't go back to this nor can we allow others to drag us back."
Irish Prime Minister Leo Varadkar condemned the killing of Lyra McKee and said: "We cannot allow those who want to propagate violence, fear and hate to drag us back to the past."


text:
|Obama: A Proven Leader Who Gets Things Done
|Columns - Dissenting Opinion
|Saturday, 26 April 2008 12:35
Barack Obama is best positioned to unite our country to address the common challenges that we face. In his 11 years in the Illinois and United States Senate, Mr. Obama has fought to make government responsive to regular people: taking power away from lobbyists, achieving greater transparency in government spending,, saying no to racial profiling,,000 women and children, and passing tax cuts for working families. limiting nuclear proliferation as a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee expanding early childhood education and healthcare coverage to more-than 150,000 women and children, and passing tax cuts for working families.
He has persuaded stakeholders from all backgrounds and political stripes to join him—from the IllinoisU.S. senators in DC, Tom Coburn, who partnered with Obama to pass legislation promoting government transparency and disclosure of earmarks. Unlike his opponents, he doesn't take money from Washington lobbyists or Political-Action Committees—a policy that makes it more convincing that we can trust him to be a voice for ordinary people instead of wealthy special interests. police officers who at first opposed and then unanimously backed taping confessions of criminal suspects to one of the most-conservative
We deserve a leader who will be honest with us about where he stands. From early opposition to the war in Iraq to speaking up for gay rights in churches in the Deep South, Mr. Barack's positions do not change with the polls or the audience. He refuses to scapegoat immigrants for our country's economic woes. He championed Illinois' successful DREAM Act to provide higher education opportunities to all students,, supported the U.S. Senate version, and advocated for California's version of the law. He did not back away from drivers' licenses for undocumented immigrants even when the issue became a political hot potato because it's the smartest policy for public safety. And when controversy erupted over his pastor, he did not hide from the issue of racial tension, but showed the strength of his leadership when he faced the American people and spoke to us intelligently and clearly about the bridges we must build to heal the racial wounds of our past and build a united future. regardless of their immigration status
And then it's hard to overlook the tidal wave of "hope" that has ignited a fire among the broad range of his supporters—including my 62-year-old Filipino parents. Hope is not blind optimism but a powerful force to drum up the will to get things done.
Very important for the Filipino-American community, Senator Barack has stood up time and again for working people and lived out his commitment to social justice values, which is a cornerstone of Christian teaching. He turned down lucrative jobs to spend 20+ years putting his nose to the grindstone to help change ordinary people's lives. He worked with churches to organize those who had been laid off from their jobs on the South Side of Chicago. Rather than cashing in on his success after graduating law school as the Editor-in-Chief of the Harvard Law Review, he went to a civil-rights law firm to represent women and people of color to combat discrimination. And then he became a public servant and constitutional-law professor—both strong testaments to his abiding love for his country.
When controversy erupted over his pastor, Mr. Obama did not evade the issue of racial tension, but showed the strength of his leadership when he faced the people and spoke intelligently and clearly about the bridges for healing the racial wounds of our past and building a united future.
He is also the only candidate with immigrant roots, who lived in Asia and is the product of a multicultural family with Asian Americans in its fold and relatives who follow the election from Hawaii and a rural town in developing Kenya. Raised by a young single mother, he succeeded against mighty odds, earning scholarships to a prestigious high school in Hawaii. In addition to being a committed public servant, he is a devoted husband and father.
And then it's hard to overlook the tidal wave of "hope" that has ignited a fire among the broad range of his supporters—including my 62-year-old Filipino parents. Hope is not blind optimism but a powerful force to drum up the will to get things done. Hope unites the 18-year-old Chinese-American cashier in San Francisco and the 18-year-old Filipina American in New Jersey, who cast their first votes for Obama this primary season, and the 72-year-old Indian immigrant in Atlanta who says that she sees in Barack a son and is out stomping the pavement for him. These are people I have met in this journey to make Obama our next President. Hope stirs all of us to action—to take back our country. How great it is to have a candidate who can excite such a broad base of people to take action.
How wonderful it is to believe again not just in a political leader's ability to change the ways of our government, but in our own. # # #
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Yesterday one of my students hit a bug in Brackets. We're working on an extension for Thimble that adds an autocomplete option to take a selfie when you are typing a URL that might be an image (e.g.,
<img src="...">). It also needs to work in CSS, when you enter something like
background-image: url(...). Except it doesn't work in the latter case. I advised him to file a bug in the Brackets repo, and the response was, "This used to work, must be a regression."
I told my student he should bisect and find the commit that caused the regression (i.e., code change that introduced the bug). This was a new idea for him, so I did it with him, and promised I'd write something later to walk through the process. Now that it's "later," I'm writing a short walkthrough on what I did.
As I write this, there are 16,064 commits in the adobe/brackets repo on github. That's a lot of coming and going, where a bug could easily hitch a ride and quietly find its way into the product. How does one hope to find what is likely a tiny needle in such a huge haystack? The answer is git bisect.
Having a large number of commits in which to locate a bad commit is only difficult if we try and manually deal with those commits. If I remembered that this code worked yesterday, I might quickly look through the diffs for everything that landed recently, and figure things out that way. But when we're talking about months, or maybe years since this last worked, that strategy won't be efficient.
Luckily git is designed to help us here. Because git knows about every commit, both what changed, and what change(s) came before, we can take a huge range of commits and slice and dice them in order to expose the first bad one.
In order for this process to work, you need a reproducible test case. In an ideal world, this is a unit test that's in your git history, and is stable across all the commits you'll be checking. In the real world you often have to write one yourself, or get a set of steps that quickly exposes the bug.
For the bug I was tracking, I had a simple way to test in the editor manually. When the code works, it should give us a list of filenames to use for the URL, and look like this:
When it fails, it keeps giving the list of completions for
background-image instead, and looks like this:
Now that I have a simple way to confirm whether or not the bug is present in a particular version of the code, I need to quickly eliminate commits and narrow down exactly where it came from.
You begin a bisect session with git by doing:
git bisect start. In order to have git bisect for me, I need to create a range, and to do this I need two end points (i.e., two commits): one where the bug is not present (good commit); and one where I know it's broken (bad commit). Finding a bad commit is usually pretty easy, since you already know you have the bug--in my case I can use
master. I tell git this is the bad commit by doing
git bisect bad (note: I was sitting on the
master branch when I typed this. You can also explicitly give a commit or branch/tag).
But for the last-known-good commit, I obviously don't know exactly where it happened. As a result, I'm going to need to overshoot and go back far enough to get to something that works.
Brackets is currently preparing for version 1.4 on
master, and there are 80 previous released (i.e., tagged) versions. These tagged versions are useful for quickly jumping back in time, since they represent versions of the editor that are most likely to run (i.e,. they didn't tag and release broken commits). So I start checking out old releases: 1.1 (broken), 1.0 (broken), release 0.44 (broken). It looks like this is an old problem, so I jump further back so as to not waste my time testing too many.
Eventually I checkout version 0.32 from Oct 4, 2013, and the bug isn't there. Now I can tell git about the other end of my bisect range by doing:
git bisect good.
Now git can do its magic. It will take my good and bad commits, and checkout a commit half way between them. It looks like this:
Bisecting: 3123 revisions left to test after this (roughly 12 steps)
[940fb105ecde14c7b5aab5191ec14e766e136648] Make the window the holder
A couple of things to notice. First, git has checked out commit 940fb105ecde14c7b5aab5191ec14e766e136648 automatically. It has let me know that there are 12 steps left before it can narrow down the problematic commit. That's not too bad, given that I'm trying to find one bad commit in thousands from the past two years!
At this point I need to run the editor for commit 940fb105ecde14c7b5aab5191ec14e766e136648 and test to see if it has the bug. If it does, I type
git bisect bad. If it doesn't, I type
git bisect good. In this case the bug is there, and I enter
git bisect bad. Git responds:
Bisecting: 1558 revisions left to test after this (roughly 11 steps)
[829d231440e7fa0399f8e12ef031ee3fbd268c79] Merge branch 'master' into PreferencesModel
A new commit has been checked out, eliminating half of the previous commits in the range (was 3132, now it's 1558), and there are 11 steps to go. This process continues, sometimes the bug is there, sometimes it isn't. After about 5 minutes I get to the first bad commit, and git shows me this:
6d638b2049d6e88cacbc7e0c4b2ba8fa3ca3c6f9 is the first bad commit
commit 6d638b2049d6e88cacbc7e0c4b2ba8fa3ca3c6f9
Author: <Name of Author>
Date: Mon Apr 7 15:23:47 2014 -0700
fix css value hints
:040000 040000 547987939b1271697d186c73533e044209169f3b 499abf3233f1316f75a83bf00acbb2955b777262 M src
Now I know which commit caused the bug to start happening. Neither git nor I know why this commit did what it did, but it doesn't matter. We also know what changed, which bug was being fixed, who did it, and when they did it. Armed with this info we can go talk to people on irc, and add notes to a few bugs: the bug where the bad commit was added (this will alter people who know about the code, and could more easily fix it), and our bug where we've filed the issue. Often you don't need to solve the bug, just find it, and let the person who knows the code well help with a fix.
The last step is to tell git that we're done bisecting:
git bisect reset. This takes us back to the commit we were on before we started our bisect.
Despite being quite skilled with git, I don't think that any of my students had used bisect before. Lots of people haven't. It's worth knowing how to do it for times like this when you need to quickly narrow down a regression.


text:
Ever funder, rightly, loves "leverage," as in "each dollar I put in brought in another four dollars of additional funding."
What's not to love?
Except of course that getting leverage means you're giving up control. There are more folks around the table, more great ideas being kicked around, and, yes, more expectations and priorities to manage.
All good, unless you've decided that doing it your way is more important than getting it done.
Your choice.


text:
5-aminolevulinic-acid guided resection
In addition to stereotactic localization as well as intraoperative brain mapping, techniques to enhance visual identification of tumor intraoperatively may be used and include 5-aminolevulinic-acid (5-ALA). 5-ALA is metabolized into fluorescent porphyrins, which accumulate in malignant glioma cells. These property permits use of ultraviolet illumination during surgery as an adjunct to map out the tumor. This has been proven with RCT where the use of 5-ALA leads to more complete resection (65% vs. 36%, p < 0.0001), which translates into a higher 6-month progression-free survival (41% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.0003) but no effect on OS 1).
Fluorescein can be used as a viable alternative to 5-ALA for intraoperative fluorescent guidance in brain tumor surgery. Comparative, prospective, and randomized studies are much needed 2)
The highest visible and measurable fluorescence was yielded by 20 mg/kg. No fluorescence was elicited at 0.2 mg/kg. Increasing 5-ALA doses did not result in proportional increases in tissue fluorescence or PPIX accumulation in plasma, indicating that doses higher than 20 mg/kg will not elicit useful increases in fluorescence 3).
Application of 5mg/kg ALA was evaluated as equally reliable as the higher dose regarding the diagnostic performance when guidance was performed using a spectroscopic system. Moreover, no PpIX was detected in the skin of the patients 4).
Over time, several other tumour entities have been identified to metabolize 5-ALA and show a similar fluorescence pattern during surgical resection.
Further research is warranted to determine the role of 5-ALA accumulation in post-ischaemic and inflammatory brain tissue 5).
The positive predictive values (PPVs), of utilizing the most robust ALA fluorescence intensity (lava-like orange) as a predictor of tumor presence is high. However, the negative predictive values (NPVs), of utilizing the absence of fluorescence as an indicator of no tumor is poor. ALA intensity is a strong predictor for degree of tumor cellularity for the most fluorescent areas but less so for lower ALA intensities. Even in the absence of tumor cells, reactive changes may lead to ALA fluorescence 6).
Senders et al., systematically review all clinically tested fluorescent agents for application in fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) for glioma and all preclinically tested agents with the potential for FGS for glioma.
They searched the PubMed and Embase databases for all potentially relevant studies through March 2016.
They assessed fluorescent agents by the following outcomes: rate of gross total resection (GTR), overall and progression free survival, sensitivity and specificity in discriminating tumor and healthy brain tissue, tumor-to-normal ratio of fluorescent signal, and incidence of adverse events.
The search strategy resulted in 2155 articles that were screened by titles and abstracts. After full-text screening, 105 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria evaluating the following fluorescent agents: 5 aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) (44 studies, including three randomized control trials), fluorescein (11), indocyanine green (five), hypericin (two), 5-aminofluorescein-human serum albumin (one), endogenous fluorophores (nine) and fluorescent agents in a pre-clinical testing phase (30). Three meta-analyses were also identified.
5-ALA is the only fluorescent agent that has been tested in a randomized controlled trial and results in an improvement of GTR and progression-free survival in high-grade gliomas. Observational cohort studies and case series suggest similar outcomes for FGS using fluorescein. Molecular targeting agents (e.g., fluorophore/nanoparticle labeled with anti-EGFR antibodies) are still in the pre-clinical phase, but offer promising results and may be valuable future alternatives. 7).
Despite its benefits, 5-ALA has not reached widespread popularity in the United States, primarily because of lack of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Even if it were approved, 5-ALA does have specific limitations including low depth of penetration, autofluorescence of background parenchyma
Findings suggest that the administration of 5-ALA or the combined effect of 5-ALA, anaesthesia and tumour resection can cause a mild and reversible elevation in liver enzymes. It therefore appears safe to change the regime of monitoring. Routine blood samples are thus abolished, though caution remains necessary in patients with known liver impairment 8).
For near infrared imaging, additional investigators have explored fluorescein as well as novel near-infrared (NIR) agents 9) 10) 11)
Stummer et al. showed that 5–ALA guided resections carry a higher risk of post-operative neurological deterioration than conventional resections (26% vs 15%, respectively), even though the difference vanished within weeks 12).
Just as tumour tissue is often indiscernible from normal brain tissue, functionally critical tissues are indistinguishable from tissues with less clinically relevant functions.
Thus, knowing when to stop a resection due to proximity to areas of crucial neurological functions is of obvious and utmost importance. Detailed knowledge of the normal brain anatomy and distribution of function is not sufficient during glioma resection. Interindividual variability and functional relocation (i.e., plasticity) induced by the presence of an infiltrating tumour 13) requires an exact functional brain map at the site of surgery in order to spare areas involved in crucial (so-called eloquent) functions. Preoperative localisation of function, either with functional MRI (fMRI) or navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS), provides an approximate map 14) 15).
Furthermore, intra-operative direct cortical and subcortical electrical stimulation (DCS) for functional analysis of the tissue in the tumour's infiltration zone is required for accurate identification of areas that need to be spared in order to retain the patient's functional integrity 16) 17). Motor evoked potentials (MEP) provide real-time information on the integrity of the primary motor cortex and the corticospinal tract 18). Direct cortical mapping and phase reversal identify the primary motor and sensory cortices. Subcortical mapping can estimate the distance to the pyramidal tract, acting as guidance close to functionally critical areas 19). When integrated into the existing surgical tools, continuous and dynamic mapping enables more extensive resection while simultaneously protecting motor function 20). Using these techniques and a detailed electrophysiological "Bern-concept", a group achieved complete motor function protection in 96% of patients with high-risk motor eloquent tumours 21). Furthermore, localisation of cortical and subcortical regions relevant to language function is essential for speech preservation during resection of gliomas in proximity to presumed speech areas 22) and requires the patient to be awake during the brain mapping part of surgery. Similarly, intra-operative mapping of visual functions may contribute to increased resections while avoiding tissue essential for vision within the temporal and occipital lobes 23).


text:
A lot of cyclers are torn between buying and building a mountain bike. Each presents its pros and cons. However, the building gives you an option to engage in craftsmanship to build a bike customized to your needs.
It is worth noting that creating a bike is often more expensive than buying a ready-made one. However, with keen research, you can find parts that are at discounted prices to make the building affordable.
The other factor to consider is the compatibility of the parts. While most bike parts are standardized, at times issues of compatibility can rise. If possible stick to the same brand of parts otherwise explores to find what works.
Building a mountain bike is not as complicated as many people think. It is however advisable to work with an experienced rider or a bike shop mechanic as you build especially on your first build.
Here is a list of the parts that will be assembled:
Handlebar stem
Bottom Bracket
Brakes (both)
Adjustment of brakes
Now, let's delve into the actual building process.
1. Frame
The frame is the backbone of the bike. There are numerous frame sizes and designs to choose from to suit your riding style and the size of the bike. And for the new users, you can find cheap MTB frames but good quality ones to buy. Once you have found the right frame, the next step is to fill the main wholes with the right parts.
2. Install the Headset
To install the headset, bang the cups on the headset on the head tube with a mallet.
3. Install the Front Wheel and Back Wheel
The front fork will hold the front wheel and also host the shock absorbers. Set the crown race in the headset on the fork steerer tube on the fork crown. If the fork steerer is not cut to the required length, cut to the ideal length. Use a start to join the parts.
4. Wheels Come in Different Sizes and Shapes
The ideal design of mountain bike wheels is thick and tough to be able to maneuver rough terrains. The wheel comes put together with the different parts: rim, hubs, and spokes.
5. Now, Attach the Tires
The tires and the disc brake rotors should be attached to the fork's rear dropout and attached to the frame's rear dropout. Lock the fork on the head tube using a top cap bolt. Do the same to install the back wheel. Finish installing the wheel by installing the cassette.
6. Install the Cockpit
The cockpit entails the handler and control components. The control components are shifters, brakes, and both grips. Attach the handlebar to the stem. Then, attach the grips.
7. Set up the Drivetrain
Derailleur on the frames of the seat tube. Next, attach the rear derailleur to the hanger at the rear dropout. Wrap the chain around the chainring through the front derailleur, through the cassette into the rear derailleur jockey wheels.
8. Install your Brake Calipers
The brake calipers should be installed on the front fork and the rare seat post. The correct caliper-mounting bracket that matches the rotor must be installed.
9. Take Hold of Your Cable Cutter.
Cut the derailleur hose and cables to the right length needed for your front and back derailleurs. Proceed to attach the cable and hose to the derailleur. You can begin with either the rear or front derailleur.
10. Installing the Saddle and Pedals
Install the saddle and pedals and tune the derailleurs and the disc brake calipers to ensure that the pads are not rubbing the rotors. Lightly grease the seat post to the insert line and slide the seat post then tighten it or close the seat post clamp.
11. For the pedals, grease them and thread them as far in as possible
Use your Allen wrench to tighten your pedals firmly. Congratulations, you have completed building your mountain bike.
12. Do a Pre-ride Check
Before riding, it is important to do a check to ensure that your bike is functioning well. Below is a pre-ride checklist:
Tires: squeeze the tires firmly and look out for a squishy sound.
Front shifting. Ensure that the front derailleur shifts seamlessly up and down on the front chainrings.
Check rear shifting. Pedal the bike to ensure that the rear derailleur-shifted smoothly up and down the rear cog.
Check the brakes. Compress the brake lever to ensure that the brakes are not making contact with the wheels nor are they rubbing into the wheel or the discs.
Check that all bolts are tight and secure
In case there are defects, do not ride before they have been fully reconciled.
The above are the tips, we do hope it helps you a lot, if you want to know more info, please check our official website: https://www.trifoxbike.com/


text:
Area: Ballyheigue
Started: January 1950
Finished: June 1950
Poles used: 673
Line used (km): 61
Premises connected: 163
The figures above were sourced from our REO News magazine. Click here to find out more on what the figures mean. The map above shows the area boundary and is from a digitised version of the original map used during the scheme.
A tidal swamp in Balyheigue posed some problems according to The REO News from June 1950


text:
Brian Van de Wetering was one of the 2018 Rfotofolio Selected photographers.
"This project showed me botanicals in completely fresh and unique way. There is often a sameness to lumen prints, where this artist created new worlds that kept me wanting to see more. More like abstract painting, with a nod to Japanese sensibilities, this work is stellar in it's artistry and presentation." Aline Smithson
Please tell us a little about yourself?
I am a visual artist whose primary medium is photography. My work encompasses a variety of styles from street photography to constructed images and conceptual series. Most recently, I have been experimenting with cameraless photography and my most recent work is based on lumen prints. My artistic practice is an exploration of ideas, of self, of people, and of the world. Play, experimentation, and observation are important parts of my process and often lead me in directions I never expected. I'm not seeking to establish a signature style, but to explore as many different ideas as I can.
I'm a native San Diegan. I took a couple of detours and lived in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles for a number of years, but I recently moved back to San Diego. Over the years, I have worked in theater, music, software development and, most recently, visual art. As a child, I liked to draw and I also liked to take apart my toys and put them back together in new and different ways. In high school I worked as the master electrician and lighting designer for the Mission Playhouse, a pioneering San Diego community theater. In college, I worked on and off at the Old Globe Theater as a stagehand. I finally settled on software development as my career path and have worked at that for over 30 years. I'm a founding member of San Diego's own folk-punk band The Downs Family and have been playing with them for over 25 years. We just recently released our third album.
Although I was introduced to the darkroom and film photography in grade school, I began to seriously pursue photography about eight years ago when my wife gave me a DSLR for my birthday. I love the local desert and started photographing there. I had some success in the annual photography contest of the Anza Borrego Desert Foundation and that sort of launched me down this path. I stumbled upon classes at the Los Angeles Center of Photography and it really was life changing, opening my eyes to the possibilities of photography and giving me permission to call myself an artist. Since then, my work has gone in directions I never would have expected and my artistic practice has become a tremendously fulfilling and exciting part of my life.
Where did you get your photographic training?
On the technical side, I'm mostly self-taught. Working in the software business one becomes good at learning new skills and concepts on the fly because things change so quickly. But on the artistic side, I have taken workshops at LACP, Santa Fe Photographic Workshops, and through the Medium Festival of Photography here in San Diego.
Why do you create?
If I had to sum up my character in one simple phrase, it would be "I like to make things." Whether that's a meal, a song, a poem, or a photograph, the process of starting with an idea and applying skill and effort and ending up with a tangible product is something I find enthralling.
Who has had an influence on your creative process?
Aline Smithson. After taking several classes with her, she has become a cherished mentor and dear friend. Aside from her support and encouragement, she stresses the importance of reflection, introspection, and intention in artistic practice. She is an advocate of a well-crafted artist statement. Fortunately, I'm comfortable with writing and the artist statement has become a valuable tool for me while I'm working on a project. I usually start working on the statement shortly after I start working on a new project and they evolve together. The process of putting my thoughts on paper helps me clarify and focus my ideas.
Please tell us about an image (not your own) that has stayed with you over time.
I grew up during the Vietnam War, so there are a few images that are burned into my mind: Nick Ut's image of a naked girl fleeing a napalm attack, Eddie Adams' image of the summary execution of a Viet Cong on the streets of Saigon, and John Paul Filo's image of a young woman screaming and kneeling over the body of a student shot at Kent State. These things stick with you and are testimony to the power of photography to influence social and political trends. But that's not the type of work I do.
When it comes to images that have influenced my work, it's hard to say. There is one image, "Glass Tears" by Man Ray, that sticks with me and I've admired over the years. I had a t-shirt with a detail of one of the eyes from that image back in my punk rock days of the late 80s and early 90s. I'd wear a button-up shirt over it unbuttoned part way down so that it appeared as if the eye were peering out from behind the shirt. I love doing stuff like that. I've always been drawn to the surrealists and the Dadaists and I think my own work has a similar aesthetic.
What image of yours would you say taught you an important lesson?
The image, currently titled "Graveyard Spiral" from my "Acting Hand" series was really transformational for me. It taught me the importance of play — unstructured time to work and experiment — in my creative process. This image came from spending an afternoon messing about in the backyard with interesting items I found around the house. I immediately recognized it as a strong image, but it took some time and some writing before the full concept for a series emerged.
What makes a good day for you creatively speaking?
Free time with no other obligations is what it takes for me to produce quality work. I cherish those days. That might mean a full day to do post processing and printing. It might mean creating new work in my garage/studio. But creativity for me can come at any time. I'm often thinking through new ideas as I take my morning walk or in the shower, or as I'm lying in bed trying to get to sleep.
I've been trying more and more to lead a creative life and make every day a creative day. For me that means taking joy and pleasure in the small, daily acts of creation, whether it be baking a loaf of bread, planning a dinner party for friends, or something as simple as choosing my clothing for the day. We put so much importance on the big creative idea, creativity with a capital "C", that we forget all the small creative decisions we make throughout our lives. These can be just as important and paying attention to them and relishing them makes life fuller.
If you could spend a day with any other photographer or artist living or passed who would it be?
There are many artists, photographers, and musicians whose work I enjoy and admire. But it's hard to tell from the work whether or not that person is someone you want to spend time with. I'd have to go with someone who has a reputation for graciousness and bringing out the best in whomever he collaborates with, Tony Bennett. He seems to have incredible creative energy and a commitment to excellence and lifelong learning. I would like some of that to rub off on me.
How important is the photographic community to you?
The photographic community is incredibly important to me. Being an artist is a difficult path, especially if one expects or hopes to make a living at it. Almost all of the artists I know have day jobs. In the current political and social climate, it seems that art is seen more and more as a luxury, but I think it is more important than ever. It is the soul and conscience of a society. The most important thing we can do for each other as artists is to create and foster community rather than competition. Whether it is through small, informal groups of artist friends that meet to share and critique work, or more formal organizations like the Medium Festival of Photography , and theLACP, and Open Show
What equipment have you found essential in the making of your work?
I will unapologetically say the computer. And when I say that, I include my digital cameras. They've got memory, a CPU, storage devices, input/output devices, and an operating system just like my laptop. And, of course, my scanner, and inkjet printer.
I've had a 35-year career writing software of one kind or another. I started my career before the Internet and digital photography as we know it. I worked side by side with electrical engineers on early graphics and digital video systems. I really get pixels. I don't get chemistry. Photoshop is very intuitive to me.
Digital photography and Photoshop have gotten a bad rap in some circles, with claims that they take the skill and craft out of photography. I disagree. But they have completely changed the skill sets necessary to capture, process, and print a quality image.
Even when I shoot film, most of my workflow is digital. My current works start as lumen prints. But they are scanned and manipulated digitally to enhance the subtle details and colors. Scanning and digital processing allows me to find and visualize details in these analogue images that aren't necessarily apparent to the naked eye.
Is there something in photography that you would like to try in the future?
I am curious, inquisitive, and self-taught by nature, so it might be more efficient for me to list the things I don't want to try. I've got current project ideas involving Polaroid emulsion transfers and cyanotype printing. I also have project ideas that involve writing custom software for processing digital images in a unique way.
Whats on the horizon?
Jonathan Blaustein's Antidote Photo Retreat in Taos is coming up in August and I'm really looking forward to that. I'm hoping to find some time away from the day job this summer to get some tangible results from some of the new ideas floating around in my head. And of course I'm always in search of that elusive solo show. I'd really like to do a show of very large prints of my lumen print work.
Thank you Brian for sharing your time and some work with us.
To learn more about the work of Brian Van de Wetering please visit his site at Brian Van de Wetering


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Hey -- it's Laura! Returned from my travels and residencies of the greater Midwest. I left in 2008 for the green grasses of Fargo, North Dakota. Seriously, there isn't really much else but green grasses in North Dakota. Then I traveled to where it's green and gold running everywhere you care to see, and even where you don't care to see them…. GREEN BAY, WI! Yeah, I know, don't start. Then I made it back to Minnesota, Southern Minnesota and spent a year in Rochester. MAYO CLINIC, anyone? Wow! Surprisingly I had never been to Rochester before in my life, and I really learned a lot about the MAYO. Rochester should probably be named Mayoland instead. You'd know why if you have spent any time in that town. Nice town, but common question is… "So, you working for the clinic?" I don't think they realize that there are other places of employment. Now, after 9 years I have made it back home, full circle as they say.
Laura Bradshaw
No Joke – McDonald's Is Selling Burger Scented Candles
If you want your home, bedroom or any space to smell like a McDonald's Quarter Pounder, here's your chance: Introducing McDonald's scented candles.


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Welcome to the To My Bestie Stamp of the Month Blog Hop where we will be featuring the April To My Bestie stamp set. If you have come here from Michelle Stewart's blog, you are on the right path! When you are finished reading my post, you can click on the link at the end to move to the next blog. This blog hop is simple, fun, and full of artwork created by some very talented consultants. If you get lost along the way, you'll find the complete list of participating consultants on Melinda's Blog.
As I prepared for this blog hop, I wanted to create something memorable♥ that you could give as a gift to your "bestie". With all of the new Seasonal Expressions Two products to choose from, it was difficult to decide what to make. Instead of going "overboard", I decided to stick with a personalized gift, a Bestie Bookmark, that is sure to bring a smile to your best friend's heart. I began by cutting a piece of Sweet Girl paper at 2½" x 6″ for the Bookmark then used a Fancy Tags Thin Cut to partially cut the top and bottom shape. I used the same Thin Cut to create a small decorative piece for the top.
By creating a stencil from an image in the Flower Market collection, I was able to add some designs with Opaque Texture Paste to the background. Once the Texture Paste had dried, I shaded each image with Sugarplum Shimmer and randomly stamped a flower image from the To My Bestie stamp set with Charcoal Ink.
The rest was simple.♥ I stamped the "Besties" onto Cold Pressed Watercolor Paper, shaded them with Watercolor Pencils, and added their image and a sentiment to the bookmark. The tassel was created with some frayed Mink Twine and Sapphire Crochet Thread with a Gold Bow Charm from the Clearance Section of my website. I didn't stop there. If you are going to create a gift for your "Bestie", you might as well create a small card♥ to go with it, so I made this simple 3″ card using a piece of Sweet Girl paper and Pebble Cardstock. The images were stamped onto some color washed Watercolor Paper that was randomly stamped with Pebble colored flowers. They are very faint, but make a beautiful background for the sentiment.
Simple, Sweet, and Ready to give as a gift to your "Bestie". Honesty, I think these would also make wonderful Mother's Day Gifts.♥ I do suggest that you laminate them if you are planning to use them in a book. That shimmer spreads on anything it touches.😁
Now 'Hop" on over to Brenda Lapp's blog to see her work! She always has something beautiful to inspire you. Be sure to visit all the Consultants at their blogs to get some great crafting tips and other fun ideas. Remember, the To My Bestie stamp set is only available until May 31st . Contact your CTMH Consultant, or visit the Promotions tab of my website to see how you can get this stamp set for only $5.00.
♥I can't wait to see what you create!


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I talk. A lot. I read. Quite a bit. I roll over and play dead a.k.a sleep. Whenever I can. I am a gourmand. Happily so. And this here's my mouthpiece for everything that catches my eye or I think about. It usually ends up being a doozy. Cheers!
24 June, 2012
These are a few of my favorite things indeed!
I am not a sybaritic person by any stretch of the imagination but I DO like my comfort. After a rare (and I mean rare!!!) dinner out with MLM in tow, I came home and crashed and luxuriated in the feel of the soft mattress. It's just right...all foam and not as undulating as a water bed is but without the resistance of a coir mattress and I sleep bestnon it. Although I can pretty much sleep anywhere if I'm tired enough. I have a problem getting rid of old familiar things, especially old clothes. They make fantastic dusters and pochhaas but that apart, does anything feel as good as a tee shirt that's years old and soft like you wouldn't believe? It may be torn in places but somehow that just adds to it's charm. So it's not really old per se...it's tres vintage! There's also the feel of the 'just-right' hair brush. It caresses your scalp and at the same time untangles. Sometimes I've got so carried away with combing my hair while I think something through that by the time I' done my hair's standing all around my head like an electrified halo and then I'm stuck with the job of smoothing it down :o) I have a big-toothed brush that's ideal for wet hair post a shampoo but I swear my scalp responds to it otherwise also! Then there are those slippers you can no never manage to throw away although all thr color and even the logo's got scrubbed off it...but then again, that's me. These are small things when you stop and think about it. Very small things. You're so used to them that you. Don't stop and think about it at all but they add to your comfort and they maybe some of the things that you're most attached to despite them being as inanimate possible. And thank goodness for them!
Posted by Ayanti Reddy at 12:00 AM
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Search Inductees
Induction Category
2011 Inductees
World Champion Chuckwagon Outrider 1977
World Champion Chuckwagon Driver 1984
40 Chuckwagon Racing Wins
Founding Member World Professional Chuckwagon Association
From 1962-1997
Dorchester, born in Wetaskiwin, was the fourth son of Tom
and Joy Dorchester of Westerose. To the Dorchester family,
especially Dallas's dad and older brothers who all competed
in some aspect of the sport, the chuckwagon circuit was a
way of life so it was a natural outcome for Dallas to follow
in their footsteps. However, added to his pedigree was an
attitude, drive and passion that propelled Dallas to achieve
his outstanding successes. In 1962 at the age of sixteen,
Dallas started his career as an outrider and then in 1965 he
moved into the wagon box. His last year of competition was
1997. Over his 35 year career in chuckwagon racing, Dallas
carved out one of the most impressive records the sport has
ever seen.
When Dallas
was only 11 he started riding as a jockey and rode race
horses until he was 16 at tracks throughout Alberta and BC.
As an outrider, Dallas won the Calgary Stampede Rangeland
Derby Championship three times; in 1968 with brother Garry
and again in 1970 and 1971 with his father Tom. He was
named the World Champion Outrider in 1977, the inaugural
year for the award.
Dallas won the
Calgary Stampede Rangeland
Derby Championship three times
In his
first year as a driver, Dallas won two show championships,
the Handhills Stampede and the Owen Sound Stampede. He also
drove his first
outfit at the Calgary Stampede
and placed a very respectable 12th overall finishing his
rookie season in 9th place in the world standings.
That first
year set the stage for what was to become one of the most
celebrated "Hall of Fame" careers in the sport of chuckwagon.
Dallas was the 1984 World Champion Chuckwagon Driver and won
more than 40 show championships in his illustrious career.
He twice won the Calgary Stampede Rangeland Derby in 1984
and 1991 and made a total of eight appearances in the
Calgary Stampede Rangeland Derby's sudden death championship
final heat. His record of five North American Chuckwagon
Championships and five Grande Prairie Stampede Championships
still stands to this day. From Cloverdale, BC to Morris,
Manitoba and every big show in between, Dallas Dorchester
won them all. His last major win came in 1996 when he
captured the Richard Cosgrave Memorial Award symbolic of the
Calgary Stampede Aggregate Champion.
From Cloverdale, BC to Morris,
Manitoba and every
big show in between, Dallas Dorchester won them all
In addition
to all of his success on the
racetrack, Dallas was a
founding member of the World Professional Chuckwagon
Association, served as a director for 20 years and devoted
much of himself to the growth and prosperity of chuckwagon
racing and the WPCA. His outstanding and significant
contributions to advancing and improving the overall status
and integrity of the WPCA and the sport of Chuckwagon Racing
earned him the WPCA "Chuckwagon Person of the Year" in 1995.
In 2006
Dallas became only the second chuckwagon driver to be named
an honorary lifetime member of the Ponoka Stampede
Association and in addition he was honored by the Calgary
Exhibition and Stampede with the "Pioneers of Rodeo Award".
He was the recipient of the World Professional Chuckwagon
Association's "Special Tribute Award" in 2006 and the
"George Normand Lifetime Builder's Award" in 2007.
Dorchester chuckwagon legacy continues and before he passed
away in 2008, Dallas was a mentor for third generation
family chuckwagon competitors including his son Tommy Quinn,
a two time World Champion Outrider as well as his nephews
Troy Dorchester and Rick Fraser, chuckwagon drivers who
still compete and are both award winners and multi show
champions. Dallas and Tommy Quinn were the first father and
son duo to each earn the World Champion Outrider crown.
During the
winter months Dallas was very involved in the local sporting
community. For 30 years Dallas played hockey for Falun
teams and even played goal occasionally for the Wetaskiwin
Colonels. He also spent ten years coaching minor hockey in
Wetaskiwin. As well, he was an avid curler for most of
life; he was often involved in competitive zone play-offs
and in 2004 won the Canadian Cattleman's Curling
Besides his
chuckwagon involvement, Dallas also trained and raced
thoroughbred horses at tracks with parimutuel betting
including both Edmonton and Calgary. One year he was the
top trainer and won 36 races. Dallas also coordinated and
participated in the first ever "chucksled" races at the 1968
Wetaskiwin Winter Carnival where the event was held on the
snow at the Wetaskiwin Fair Grounds race track. Dallas won
the chucksled races in 1968 and 1969.
Dorchester was one of chuckwagon racing's all time greatest
drivers, toughest competitors, most decorated champions and
one of the most outstanding ambassadors and individuals in
the history of the sport. He brought attention to names
that graced his chuckwagon's canvas over the years, not
entirely because of the on track success, but for the class
and distinction that Dallas displayed as a representative of
individuals and organizations. He is indeed more than
deserving of being inducted into the Wetaskiwin and County
Sports Hall of Fame.
about an inductee is collected from published sources,
sports archives, scrapbooks, anecdotal information
from family, friends and fans, and the athlete.
However, sometimes
the best stories and personal insights are gleaned at the induction dinner from
the introductory comments or acceptance speech of the
inductee or their representative.
Where possible we have included this type of information for
your enjoyment.
Read the
opening comments made by Sandra Wright when speaking about
Dallas Dorchester just prior to his official induction.
Read the
opening comments made by Sandra Wright when speaking about
Dallas Dorchester just prior to his official induction.
© All Rights Reserved 2011,
2015, 2017
Wetaskiwin and County Sports Hall of Fame
Box 7123, Wetaskiwin, Alberta, T9A 2Y9
Photo Credits -


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Customer Reviews
Shopped this item extensively and found this bracelet's price to be fair and reasonable for its quality and size.
The product was beautiful was exactly as advertised but I was waiting it for 13 days! Disappointed.
Perfect size for a trim athletic women's wrist. Moves and flows naturally while wearing. It's simplicity highlights it's casual elegance but can easily step up to a formal evening.
It is unreal. So beautiful and tender. Well made bracelet, wonderfully sparkles.


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Identity on non-valid column doesn't generate error
Marc Belley 9 years ago • updated by Jarosław Błąd (CEO) 8 years ago • 3
Aafter changing a primary key with an identity from an int to a varchar, I noticed there's no check to see if an identity is valid. This should probably popup as an Error.
Under review
You're right. We will add signaling incorrect datatype for identity column as an error.
It is done and on production.
Customer support service by UserEcho


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Defying the odds and starting an education revolution requires teachers and staff who aren't afraid to be innovative and unique in their thoughts, actions, and methodology. We are looking for the best educators to help us continue to prepare the youth of this city to be the great leaders of tomorrow.
Teaching isn't solely about the curriculum, though academic success is and will always remain our number one focus. It is also about inspiring our students by exposing them to opportunities and people reflective of them who have done great things for themselves and their communities. It's opening students up to possibilities they may have never considered.
Our academic model focuses on rigorous instructional content and high student engagement in lessons and learning. Our elementary classes are stratified based on data, and instruction in specific subjects and standards is based on strengths and weaknesses. We also personalize learning for our scholars.
It is about changing the status quo. It's engaging students in meaningful lessons both in and out of the classroom. It's about including the community in the process. Teaching about a city coming together to secure the future the youth of New Orleans deserve.
We expect our educators to excel in all they do. To make sure we continue to be at the forefront of the education revolution, we offer ongoing professional development for all employees; coaching and mentoring; leadership opportunities; and so much more.
We also offer a comprehensive, competitive benefits package that includes participation in the Teachers Retirement System of Louisiana, deferred compensation options, tuition reimbursement, a variety of insurance options, and so much more!
This website is maintained by the InspireNOLA Charter Schools Communications Office. It is the goal of the network that this website is accessible to all users. View our accessibility statement here. The district is not responsible for facts or opinions contained on any linked site. Some links and features on this site require the Adobe Acrobat Reader to view. Visit the Adobe website to download the free Acrobat Reader here.


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NYC Prison Power Outage Leads to Civil Rights Class Action
A prison power outage is always a big deal these days where so much security-related tech relies on electricity. But when you couple the loss of heat and hot water with unseasonably cold winter temperatures, it's a recipe for a humanitarian crisis.
According to the plaintiffs bringing the action, the Brooklyn Metropolitan Detention Center failed to take appropriate steps to take care of the detainees and inmates in their custody after the power outage and heating failure. The complaint alleges that many went without hot food, hot showers, clean laundry, and, most importantly, heat. Additionally, the facility refused to allow both attorney and social visits during that time, which a federal judge has already ruled violated the Sixth Amendment and issued an temporary injunction requiring attorney visits be commenced immediately.
A Cold Day in Jail
Shockingly, the temperatures inside the prison reportedly dropped below 50 degrees and the inmates and detainees were in standard prison issue clothing, mostly huddling in bed for warmth. And while the administration has been denying the allegations, the objective observers who have seen firsthand for themselves and spoken to the inmates, have disagreed.
Thankfully, the problems with the heat and hot water and electricity have been resolved. But the underlying issue behind how and why it happened has left many asking the same questions as the plaintiffs. How can a prison allow the heat to be broken for over a week in the dead of winter during a cold-snap? Then have the audacity to deny pretrial detainees the right to meet with their attorneys.
While inmates may not deserve luxury accommodations, the Eighth Amendment dictates reasonable living conditions, and dangerously low temperatures just aren't reasonable.
Related Resources:
- United States Second Circuit Cases (FindLaw's Cases & Codes)
- Federal Judge Blocks NYC's Airbnb Crackdown (FindLaw's U.S. Second Circuit Blog)
- Judge Orders Government to Remove Citizenship Question from Census (FindLaw's U.S. Second Circuit Blog)
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