text:
Paris Menswear looks east, finding ideas, and Soul from Seoul
The Paris menswear season was all about Asian influences with a quartet of designers from that continent making dramatic stylistic statements on Saturday, the mid-point of the first ever season for men's fashion entirely shown online.
A day where, even if individual designers did not produce volumes of fashion news, many certainly provided a platform for a new gang of youthful filmmakers with novel visions.
Brilliant black and white graphics at Juun.J, whose hipster pop star combat uniforms looked great marching across the urban jungle of Seoul. Before rush-hour sunsets, the brand's meeting of ceremonial dress, samurai shapes, dandy construction and heroic attitude made this a standout collection. Shot with a hundred shades of gray, like an early Wim Wenders film, this was the video and show of the day and, in its sobriety, was totally in synch with the wary mood of 2020. No wonder they called the clip "SeoulSoul."
Maison Mihara Yasuhiro has always been a great individualist designer. His online event opened with a puppet waking in a loft bedroom and then going to a fashion show in the Palais de Tokyo. What followed was a standard runway format with great deconstructed knits and grandfather shirts; hand-painted safaris; streaky putty-colored Mackintoshes and graphic logo bowling shirts. Assemblage coed fashion at its most out there and all the better for that.
Li-Ning, China's single most influential menswear marque, was founded by a legendary gymnast of the same name. He leapt to world fame by winning six gold medals in the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984, the first in which China had participated since it became the People's Republic. In case you had forgotten, his brand Li-Ning put up a video clip that began with his flawless performance on the rings, and ends with fans waving a huge Chinese five-star flag in the stands. In between we had images of his recent show in Paris; and lots of shots of his mash-up of active sports gear and street style logos.
One can only admire Li Ning's remarkable sporting skill and success in building a major global brand – and enjoy his sneaker collabs with such greats as Dwyane Wade and Stefano Pilati. However, coming at the end of a week where mainland Chinese communists have imposed a draconian security law in Hong Kong to suffocate democracy and impose authoritarian one-party rule, this flag waving video came across as cheap propaganda. Which is what it was.
Li-Ning's final tag line was "the past fuels the future." In Hong Kong today it is the past that threatens to steal the future.
From Japan, Teppei Fujita from Sulvam emphasized his poetic style and intricate construction by focusing on pairs of models in a coed show. Each standing, or lying, underneath an urban flyover and highway, with traffic whistling by – in transparent greatcoats, frayed jackets with angled pockets, and camouflage silk military jackets assembled with layers of contrasting chiffon. "Cutting equals pattern making, compile these elements of color and fabrics, makes magic happen," intones Fujita in English, describing his creations aptly.
The French did play more than a bit role on Saturday, though.
The day's big debut was meant to have been the first menswear-only runway show by Isabel Marant, but once this became a digital season, she changed gears like everyone else. In her case, this involved showing a video set inside the Centre National de la Danse, a monumental building recently revamped by two young architects – Antoinette Robain and Claire Guieysse. Beige jumpsuits, rainbow-hued mohair sweaters, ikat bomber jackets and kicky logo tops. The clothes evoked that cool meeting of French style and American optimism that is the DNA of Marant, the most successful new French fashion house of this past decade.
Also notable was Davi Paris, whose insouciant romp under the white cliffs of Normandy was beautifully shot. Ideal for highlighting a great collection of fresh summer wear – prairie flower shirts, romantic rocker jeans, orchid-print jerkins and clinging knits with twig patterns. All directed skilfully by Van Mossevelde + N, definitely a director to watch.
Flat-stomached youth around a suburban pool at Swedish-German house Lazoschmidl in a neat little video entitled Margarita from one Johan von Reybekiel, with great music by Carl Hjelm Sandqvist. An ace opening model, in Friesian cow-print swimming togs; micro swimsuits with big butterfly-print fronts; the very occasional sweatshirt, floral shirts and a scrawny youth emerging from the pool in wonderful jeans finished in rose petals, all styled with a neat light touch by Emma Thorstrand.
A classical French house, Francesco Smalto, showed the spirit of tailoring in movement. Chalk stripe pantsuits worn with sneakers and wide-legged, pleated trousers worn on two dancers who soared and slid around a marvelous soaring French salon in a fine city square, or skipped around the side streets of the Palais de Tokyo. Shawl-collar chic along the Seine's 19th-century Passerelle Debilly, shot by Jason Last with some wonderful dancing courtesy of two dancers and choreographers, Ablaye Diop and étoile Germain Louvet, all with splendid musical accompaniment from Nicolas Leau.
Casablanca, the French party label, set its video on a faux seashore, featuring models emoting in windowpane check suits, Miami Vice shirts, great tops with tropical fruit prints or images of high divers and tennis stars. Casablanca's French-Moroccan founder Charaf Tajer clearly enjoys himself creating and these clothes will be worn to celebrate life. He is the Maghreb's answer to Tommy Hilfiger, whose cast finished the video by getting into a Porsche Targa with a surfboard on top.
Those who yearn for modernist tailoring should look to Aldo Maria Camillo, even if he used his time slot on the calendar for a black and white indie Nouvelle Vague mini flick. Precious little clothes, but some moody branding, which of course is half of what this whole digital season is all about.
Doublet's contribution starred an urban bear who loves Christmas, with fur made up of colorful crocheted octagons. A bear who was also a fine seamstress, stitching and sewing a whole series of outfits and wrapping them in gold wrapping paper for Yuletide. The cast were the gift recipients, wearing their presents – party clothes and even the outfits for a transgressive wedding, where the bear saved the day by finding the wedding ring. Quite frankly, even at one's most generous, this was a lame home movie.
Copyright © 2023 FashionNetwork.com All rights reserved.


text:
One of the problems I've faced as a microbiologist attempting to learn about the built environment is the incredible amount of snake oil and pseudoscience that swirls around the edges of the field. There's a huge body of solid, peer-reviewed research in the field of course. But there's a lot of company-sponsored pseudoscience out there as well. We've posted about a number of these kinds of things… particularly those that imply all microbes are dangerous or that they have a magic cure for sterilizing a building.
Then there are the things that I just don't know enough about. For example I've been hearing more and more about "antimicrobial copper"… the coating of surfaces with a copper alloy that dramatically reduces colonization of those surfaces by bacteria. Curious whether this was snake oil or good science I started with the Wikipedia article. Based on that, it seems like it might be a fairly good thing to use in intensive care units and the like. I wouldn't want to live in a copper-plated house (don't forget those good microbes!) but I can see the uses. Seems to avoid many of the issues with antibiotics as well.
What I can't find are any microbiology-based arguments against it (just the price, and the tarnishability of copper). Anyone know of a good reason why more copper surfaces wouldn't be a good way towards reducing microbial loads in places where that's important?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Programming terminology can be rather confusing. The first time I'd heard about "React Refs", it was in the context of getting a reference to a DOM node. However, with the introduction of hooks, the
useRef hook has expanded the definition of "refs".
Today, we'll be walking through two definitions of refs:
A mutable data property to persist data across renders
We'll also be exploring additional functionality to each of those two definitions, such as component refs, adding more properties to a ref, and even exploring common code gotchas associated with using
As most of this content relies on the
useRefhook, we'll be using functional components for all of our examples. However, there are APIs such as
React.createRefand class instance variables that can be used to recreate
React.useReffunctionality with classes.
Mutable Data Storage
useState is the most commonly known hook for data storage, it's not the only one on the block. React's
useRef hook functions differently from
useState, but they're both used for persisting data across renders.
const ref = React.useRef();ref.current = "Hello!";
In this example,
ref.current will contain
"Hello!" after the initial render. The returned value from
useRef is an object that contains a single key:
If you were to run the following code:
const ref = React.useRef();console.log(ref)
You'd find a
{current: undefined} printed to the console. This is the shape of all React Refs. If you look at the TypeScript definition for the hooks, you'll see something like this:
// React.d.tsinterface MutableRefObject {current: any;}function useRef(): MutableRefObject;
Why does
useRef rely on storing data inside of a
current property? It's so that you can utilize JavaScript's "pass-by-reference" functionality in order to avoid renders.
Now, you might think that the
useRef hook is implemented something like the following:
// This is NOT how it's implementedfunction useRef(initial) {const [value, setValue] = useState(initial);const [ref, setRef] = useState({ current: initial });useEffect(() => {setRef({get current() {return value;},set current(next) {setValue(next);}});}, [value]);return ref;}
However, that's not the case. To quote Dan Abramov:
useRefworks more like this:jsx
function useRef(initialValue) {const [ref, ignored] = useState({ current: initialValue })return ref}
Because of this implementation, when you mutate the
current value, it will not cause a re-render.
Thanks to the lack of rendering on data storage, it's particularly useful for storing data that you need to keep a reference to but don't need to render on-screen. One such example of this would be a timer:
const dataRef = React.useRef();const clearTimer = () => {clearInterval(dataRef.current);};React.useEffect(() => {dataRef.current = setInterval(() => {console.log("I am here still");}, 500);return () => clearTimer();}, [dataRef]);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Mutable Data - StackBlitz
Visual Timer with Refs
While there are usages for timers without rendered values, what would happen if we made the timer render a value in state?
Let's take the example from before, but inside of the
setInterval, we update a
useState that contains a number to add one to its state.
const dataRef = React.useRef();const [timerVal, setTimerVal] = React.useState(0);const clearTimer = () => {clearInterval(dataRef.current);}React.useEffect(() => {dataRef.current = setInterval(() => {setTimerVal(timerVal + 1);}, 500)return () => clearInterval(dataRef.current);}, [dataRef])return (
{timerVal}
);
Now, we'd expect to see the timer update from
1 to
2 (and beyond) as the timer continues to render. However, if we look at the app while it runs, we'll see some behavior we might not expect:
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Mutable Buggy Code - StackBlitz
This is because the closure that's passed to the
setInterval has grown stale. This is a common problem when using React Hooks. While there's a simple solution hidden in
useState's API, let's solve this problem using mutations and
useRef relies on passing by reference and mutating that reference, if we simply introduce a second
useRef and mutate it on every render to match the
useState value, we can work around the limitations with the stale closure.
const dataRef = React.useRef();const [timerVal, setTimerVal] = React.useState(0);const timerBackup = React.useRef();timerBackup.current = timerVal;const clearTimer = () => {clearInterval(dataRef.current);};React.useEffect(() => {dataRef.current = setInterval(() => {setTimerVal(timerBackup.current + 1);}, 500);return () => clearInterval(dataRef.current);}, [dataRef]);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Mutable Fixed Code - StackBlitz
- I would not solve it this way in production.
useStateaccepts a callback which you can use as an alternative (much more recommended) route:jsx
const dataRef = React.useRef();const [timerVal, setTimerVal] = React.useState(0);const clearTimer = () => {clearInterval(dataRef.current);};React.useEffect(() => {dataRef.current = setInterval(() => {setTimerVal(tVal => tVal + 1);}, 500);return () => clearInterval(dataRef.current);}, [dataRef]);
We're simply using a
useRefto outline one of the important properties about refs: mutation.
DOM Element References
At the start of this article, I mentioned that
refs are not just a mutable data storage method but a way to reference DOM nodes from inside of React. The easiest of the methods to track a DOM node is by storing it in a
useRef hook using any element's
ref property:
const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {console.log(elRef);}, [elRef]);return (
)
Keep in mind, the
refattribute is added and handled by React on any HTML Element. This example uses a
div, but this applies to
spans and
headers and beyond, "oh my".
In this example, if we took a look at the
console.log in the
useEffect, we'd find an
HTMLDivElement instance in the
current property. Open the following StackBlitz and look at the console value to confirm:
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect - StackBlitz
elRef.current is now a
HTMLDivElement, it means we now have access to the entire
Element.prototype JavaScript API. As such, this
elRef can be used to style the underlying HTML node:
const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef]);return (
)
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect Style - StackBlitz
Alternative Syntax
It's worth noting that the
ref attribute also accepts a function. While we'll touch on the implications of this more in the future, just note that this code example does exactly the same thing as
const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef]);return (
 elRef.current = ref}/>)
Component References
HTML elements are a great use-case for
refs. However, there are many instances where you need a ref for an element that's part of a child's render process. How are we able to pass a ref from a parent component to a child component?
By passing a property from the parent to the child, you can pass a ref to a child component. Take an example like this:
const Container = ({children, divRef}) => {return
}const App = () => {const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {if (!elRef.current) return;elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef])return (<Container divRef={elRef}/>);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect Style Forward Ref Wrong Kinda - StackBlitz
You might be wondering why I didn't call that property
ref instead of
divRef. This is because of a limitation with React. If we try to switch the property's name to
ref, we find ourselves with some unintended consequences.
// This code does not function as intendedconst Container = ({children, ref}) => {return
}const App = () => {const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {if (!elRef.current) return;// If the early return was not present, this line would throw an error:// "Cannot read property 'style' of undefined"elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef])return (<Container ref={elRef}/>);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect Style Forward Ref Wrong - StackBlitz
You'll notice that the
div is not styled to have a
lightblue background. This is because
elRef.current is never set to contain the
HTMLElement ref. As such, for simple ref forwarding, you cannot use the
ref property name.
How do you get the
ref property name to work as expected with functional components?
You can use the
ref property name to forward refs by using the
forwardRef API. When defining a functional component, instead of simply being an arrow function like you would otherwise, you assign the component to a
forwardRef with the arrow function as it's first property. From there, you can access
ref from the second property of the inner arrow function.
const Container = React.forwardRef((props, ref) => {return
{props.children}
})const App = () => {const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {console.log(elRef);elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef])return (<Container ref={elRef}/>);
Now that we are using
forwardRef, we can use the
ref property name on the parent component to get access to the
elRef once again.
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect Style Forward Ref - StackBlitz
Class Component References
While I mentioned that we'll be using functional components and hooks for a majority of this article, I think it's important that I cover how class components handle the
ref property. Take the following class component:
class Container extends React.Component {render() {return
{this.props.children}
;}}
What do you think will happen if we try to pass a
ref attribute?
const App = () => {const compRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {console.log(compRef.current);});return (<Container ref={container}>
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</Container>);}
If you'd rather, you can also write
Appas a class component:jsx
class App extends React.Component {compRef = React.createRef();componentDidMount() {console.log(this.compRef.current);}render() {return (<Container ref={this.compRef}>
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Start editing to see some magic happen :)
</Container>);}}
An embedded webpage:React Class Ref Instance - StackBlitz
If you look at the
console.log statement, you'll notice that it prints something like this:
Container {props: {…}, context: {…}, refs: {…}, updater: {…}…}context: Objectprops: Objectrefs: Objectstate: nullupdater: Object_reactInternalInstance: Object_reactInternals: FiberNode__proto__: Container
You'll notice that it prints out the value of a
Container instance. In fact, if we run the following code, we can confirm that the
ref.current value is an instance of the
Container class:
console.log(container.current instanceof Container); // true
However, what is this class? Where are those props coming from? Well, if you're familiar with class inheritance, it's the properties coming from
React.Component that's being extended. If we take a look at the TypeScript definition for the
React.Component class, we can see some pretty familiar properties in that class:
// This is an incomplete and inaccurate type definition shown for educational purposes - DO NOT USE IN PRODclass Component {render(): ReactNode;context: any;readonly props: Object;refs: any;state: Readonly<any>;}
Not only do the
props, and
context line up with what we're seeing in our
console.log, but methods that are part of the class (like
render) are present as well:
ƒ render()
Custom Properties and Methods
Not only are React Component built-ins (like
render and
props) accessible from a class ref, but you can access data that you attach to that class as well. Because the
container.current is an instance of the
Container class, when you add custom properties and methods, they're visible from the ref!
So, if you change the class definition to look like this:
class Container extends React.Component {welcomeMsg = "Hello"sayHello() {console.log("I am saying: ", this.welcomeMsg)}render() {return
{this.props.children}
;}}
You can then reference the
welcomeMsg property and
sayHello method:
function App() {const container = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {console.log(container.current.welcomeMsg); // Hellocontainer.current.sayHello(); // I am saying: Hello});return (<Container ref={container}>
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</Container>);}
An embedded webpage:React Class Ref Instance Custom Props - StackBlitz
Unidirectional Flow
While the concept of "universal directional flow" is a broader subject than what I originally wanted to cover with this article, I think it's important to understand why you shouldn't utilize the pattern outlined above. One of the reasons refs are so useful is one of the reasons they're so dangerous as a concept: They break unidirectional data flow.
Typically, in a React app, you want your data to go one way at a time.
Let's take a look at a code sample that follows this unidirectionality:
import React from "react";class SimpleForm extends React.Component {render() {return (

Username
<inputonChange={e => this.props.onChange(e.target.value)}value={this.props.value}/><button onClick={this.props.onDone}>Submit</button>
);}}export default function App() {const [inputTxt, setInputTxt] = React.useState("");const [displayTxt, setDisplayTxt] = React.useState("");const onDone = () => {setDisplayTxt(inputTxt);};return (
<SimpleFormonDone={onDone}onChange={v => setInputTxt(v)}value={inputTxt}/>
{displayTxt}

);}
In this example, because both the
onChange property and
value property are being passed into the
SimpleForm component, you're able to keep all of the relevant data in one place. You'll notice that none of the actual logic happens inside of the
SimpleForm component itself. As such, this component is called a "dumb" component. It's utilized for styling and composability, but not for the logic itself.
This is what a proper React component should look like. This pattern of raising state out of the component itself and leaving "dumb" component comes from the guidance of the React team itself. This pattern is called "lifting state up".
Now that we have a better understanding of the patterns to follow let's take a look at the wrong way to do things.
Breaking from Suggested Patterns
Doing the inverse of "lifting state," let's lower that state back into the
SimpleForm component. Then, to access that data from
App, we can use the
ref property to access that data from the parent.
import React from "react";class SimpleForm extends React.Component {// State is now a part of the SimpleForm componentstate = {input: ""};onChange(e) {this.setState({input: e.target.value});}render() {return (

Username
<input onChange={this.onChange.bind(this)} value={this.state.input} /><button onClick={this.props.onDone}>Submit</button>
);}}export default function App() {const simpleRef = React.useRef();const [displayTxt, setDisplayTxt] = React.useState("");const onDone = () => {// Reach into the Ref to access the state of the component instancesetDisplayTxt(simpleRef.current.state.input);};return (
<SimpleFormonDone={onDone}ref={simpleRef}/>
{displayTxt}

);}
However, the problem is that when you look to start expanding, you'll find managing this dual-state behavior more difficult. Even following the application logic is more difficult. Let's start taking a look at what these two components' lifecycle look like visually.
First, let's start by taking a look at the
simpleRef component, where the state is "lowered down" in the
SimpleForm component:
In this example, the flow of the application state is as follows:
App(and it's children,
SimpleForm) render
- The user makes changes to the data as stored in
- The user triggers the
onDoneaction, which triggers a function in
- The
onDonemethod inspects the data from
- Once the data is returned to
App, it changes it's own data, thus triggering a re-render of
As you can see from the chart above and the outline of the data flow, you're keeping your data separated across two different locations. As such, the mental model to modify this code can get confusing and disjointed. This code sample gets even more complex when
onDone is expected to change the state in
Now, let's contrast that to the mental model needed to work with unidirectionality enforced.
App(and it's children,
SimpleForm) render
- The user makes changes in
SimpleForm, the state is raised up to
Appthrough callbacks
- The user triggers the
onDoneaction, which triggers a function in
- The
onDonemethod already contains all of the data it needs in it's own component, so it simply re-renders
SimpleFormwithout any additional logic overhead
As you can see, while the number of steps is similar between these methods (and may not be in a less trivial example), the unidirectional flow is much more streamlined and easier to follow.
This is why the React core team (and the community at large) highly suggests you use unidirectionality and rightfully shuns breaking away from that pattern when it's not required.
Add Data to Ref
If you've never heard of the
useImperativeHandle hook before, this is why. It enables you to add methods and properties to a
ref forwarded/passed into a component. By doing this, you're able to access data from the child directly within the parent, rather than forcing you to raise state up, which can break unidirectionality.
Let's look at a component that we could extend using
import React from "react";import "./style.css";const Container = React.forwardRef(({children}, ref) => {return
{children}
})export default function App() {const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.focus();}, [elRef])return (<Container ref={elRef}>
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</Container>);}
An embedded webpage:React Use Imperative Handle Demo Pre - StackBlitz
As you can witness from the embedded demo it will focus you on the
div when the application renders. This example does not use the
useImperativeHandle hook but instead relies on the timing of
useEffect to have the
current already defined.
Let's say that we wanted to keep track of every time the
div was focused programmatically. How would you go about doing that? There are many options to enable that functionality, but one way that wouldn't require any modification of
App (or other
Container consumers) would be to utilize
Not only does
useImperativeHandle allow properties to be added to ref, but you can provide an alternative implementation of native APIs by returning a function of the same name.
import React from "react";import "./style.css";const Container = React.forwardRef(({children}, ref) => {const divRef = React.useRef();React.useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({focus: () => {divRef.current.focus();console.log("I have now focused");}}))return
{children}
})export default function App() {const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.focus();}, [elRef])return (<Container ref={elRef}>
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Start editing to see some magic happen :)
</Container>);}
An embedded webpage:React Use Imperative Handle Demo Post - StackBlitz
If you look in the console, you'll find the
console.loghas run when
As you can,
useImperativeHandle can be used in combination with
forwardRef to maximize the natural look-and-feel of the component's API.
However, be warned that if you look to supplement the native APIs with your own, only properties and methods returned in the second param are set to ref. That means that if you now run:
React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef])
App, you will face an error, as
style is not defined on
elRef.current anymore.
That said, you're not limited to simply the names of native APIs. What do you think this code sample in a different
App component might do?
React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.konami();}, [elRef])
An embedded webpage:React Use Imperative Handle Demo Useful - StackBlitz
When your focus is set to the
Containerelement, try typing in the "Konami code" using your arrow keys. What does it do when that's done?
React Refs in
I have to make a confession: I've been lying to you. Not maliciously, but I've repeatedly used code in the previous samples that should not ever be used in production. This is because without hand-waving a bit, teaching these things can be tricky.
What's the offending code?
React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.anything.here.is.bad();}, [elRef])
That's right! You shouldn't be placing
elRef.current inside of any
useEffect (unless you really really really know what you're doing).
Why's that?
Before we answer that fully, let's take a look at how
useEffect works.
Assume we have a simple component that looks like this:
const App = () => {const [num, setNum] = React.useState(0);React.useEffect(() => {console.log("Num has ran");}, [num])return (// ...)}
You might expect that when
num updates, the dependency array "listens" for changes to
num, and when the data updates, it will trigger the side-effect. This line of thinking is such that "useEffect actively listens for data updates and runs side effects when data is changed". This mental model is inaccurate and can be dangerous when combined with
ref usage. Even I didn't realize this was wrong until I had already started writing this article!
Under non-ref (
useState/props) dependency array tracking, this line of reasoning typically does not introduce bugs into the codebase, but when
refs are added, it opens a can of worms due to the misunderstanding.
The way
useEffect actually works is much more passive. During a render,
useEffect will do a check against the values in the dependency array. If any of the values' memory addresses have changed (this means that object mutations are ignored), it will run the side effect. This might seem similar to the previously outlined understanding, but it's a difference of "push" vs. "pull".
useEffect does not listen to anything and does not trigger a render in itself, but instead, the render triggers
useEffect's listening and comparison of values. This means that if there is not a render,
useEffect cannot run a side effect, even if the memory addresses in the array have changed.
Why does this come into play when
refs are used? Well, there are two things to keep in mind:
Refs rely on object mutation rather than reassignment
When a
refis mutated, it does not trigger a re-render
useEffectonly does the array check on re-render
Ref's current property set doesn't trigger a re-render (remember how
useRefis actually implemented)
Knowing this, let's take a look at an offending example once more:
export default function App() {const elRef = React.useRef();React.useEffect(() => {elRef.current.style.background = "lightblue";}, [elRef]);return (

Hello StackBlitz!

Start editing to see some magic happen :)

);}
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect Style - StackBlitz
This code behaves as we might initially expect, not because we've done things properly, but instead, thanks to the nature of React's
useEffect hook's timing.
useEffect happens after the first render,
elRef is already assigned by the time
elRef.current.style has its new value assigned to it. However, if we somehow broke that timing expectancy, we'd see different behavior.
What do you think will happen if you make the
div render happen after the initial render?
export default function App() {const elRef = React.useRef();const [shouldRender, setRender] = React.useState(false);React.useEffect(() => {if (!elRef.current) return;elRef.current.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elRef.current])React.useEffect(() => {setTimeout(() => {setRender(true);}, 100);}, []);return !shouldRender ? null : (

Hello StackBlitz!

Start editing to see some magic happen :)

);}
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Effect Bug Effect - StackBlitz
Oh no! The background is no longer
'lightblue'! Because we delay the rendering of the
elRef is not assigned for the initial render. Then, once it is rendered, it mutates the
.current property of
elRef to assign the ref. Because mutations do not trigger a re-render (and
useEffect only runs during renders),
useEffect does not have a chance to "compare" the differences in value and, therefore, run the side-effect.
Confused? That's okay! So was I at first. I made a playground of sorts to help us kinesthetic learners!
const [minus, setMinus] = React.useState(0);const ref = React.useRef(0);const addState = () => {setMinus(minus + 1);};const addRef = () => {ref.current = ref.current + 1;};React.useEffect(() => {console.log(`ref.current:`, ref.current);}, [ref.current]);React.useEffect(() => {console.log(`minus:`, minus);}, [minus]);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Not Updating - StackBlitz
Open your console and take notes of what
console.logruns when you change the respective values!
How do you use this example? Great question!
First, start by clicking the button under the
useState header. You'll notice that each time you click the button, it promptly triggers a re-render, and your value displayed in the UI is immediately updated. Thus, it enables the
useEffect (with
num as a dep) to compare the previous value to the current one - they don't match up - and run the
console.log side effect.
Now, once you've triggered the
useState "add" button, do the same with the
useRef button. Click it as many times as you'd like, but it (alone) will never trigger a re-render. Because
useRef mutations do not re-render the DOM, neither
useEffect is able to make a comparison of values, and therefore neither
useEffect will run. However, the values in
.current are updating - they're just not showing up in the UI (because the component is not re-rendering). Once you trigger a re-render (by pressing the
useState "add" button again), it will update the UI to match the internal memory value of
TL;DR - Try pressing
useState "add" twice. The value on-screen will be 2. Then, try pressing the
useRef "add" button thrice. The value on-screen will be 0. Press
useState's button once again and et voilà - both values are 3 again!
Comments from Core Team
Because of the unintended effects of tracking a
ref in a
useEffect, the core team has explicitly suggested avoiding doing so.
As I mentioned earlier, if you put [ref.current] in dependencies, you're likely making a mistake. Refs are for values whose changes don't need to trigger a re-render.
If you want to re-run effect when a ref changes, you probably want a callback ref instead.
When you try to put
ref.currentin dependencies, you usually want a callback ref instead
I think you want callback ref for that. You can't have component magically react to ref changes because ref can go deep down and have independent lifecycle of the owner component.
These are great points... But what does Dan mean by a "callback ref"?
Callback Refs
Towards the start of this article, we mentioned an alternative way to assign refs. Instead of:

There's the valid (and slightly more verbose):

 elRef.current = node}>
This is because
ref can accept callback functions. These functions are called with the element's node itself. This means that if you wanted to, you could inline the
.style assignment we've been using multiple times throughout this article:

 node.style.background = "lightblue"}>
But, you're probably thinking that if it accepts a function, we could pass a callback declared earlier in the component. That's correct!
const elRefCB = React.useCallback(node => {if (node !== null) {node.style.background = "lightblue";}}, []);return !shouldRender ? null : (

Hello StackBlitz!

Start editing to see some magic happen :)

);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Callback Styling - StackBlitz
But hey! Wait a minute! Even though the
shouldRendertiming mismatch is still there, the background is being applied all the same! Why is the
useEffecttiming mismatch not causing the bug we were experiencing before?
Well, that's because we eliminated the usage of
useEffect entirely in this example! Because the callback function is running only once
ref is available, we can know for certain that
.current will be present, and because of that, we can assign property values and more inside said callback!
But I also need to pass that
refto other parts of the codebase! I can't pass the function itself; that's just a function - not a ref!
That's true. However, you can combine the two behaviors to make a callback that also stores its data inside a
useRef (so you can use that reference later).
const elRef = React.useRef();console.log("I am rendering");const elRefCB = React.useCallback(node => {if (node !== null) {node.style.background = "lightblue";elRef.current = node;}}, []);React.useEffect(() => {console.log(elRef.current);}, [elRef, shouldRender]);
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Callback And Effect - StackBlitz
useState Refs
Sometimes the combination of
useRef and callback refs is not enough. There are the rare instances where you need to re-render whenever you get a new value in
.current.. The problem is that the inherent nature of
.current prevents re-rendering. How do we get around that? Eliminate
.current entirely by switching your
useRef out for a
You can do this relatively trivially using callback refs to assign to a
useState hook.
const [elRef, setElRef] = React.useState();console.log('I am rendering');const elRefCB = React.useCallback(node => {if (node !== null) {setElRef(node);}}, []);React.useEffect(() => {console.log(elRef);}, [elRef])
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Callback And Use State - StackBlitz
Now that the
ref update causes a re-render, you can now safely use the
ref in
useEffect's dependency array.
const [elNode, setElNode] = React.useState();const elRefCB = React.useCallback(node => {if (node !== null) {setElNode(node);}}, []);React.useEffect(() => {if (!elNode) return;elNode.style.background = 'lightblue';}, [elNode])
An embedded webpage:React Use Ref Callback And State Effect - StackBlitz
However, this comes at an offset cost of performance. Because you're causing a re-render, it will inherently be slower than if you were not triggering a re-render. There are valid uses for this, however. You just have to be mindful of your decisions and your code's usage of them.
As with most engineering work, knowing an API's limitations, strengths, and workarounds can increase performance, cause fewer bugs in production, and make the organization of code more readily available. Now that you know the whole story surrounding refs, what will you do with that knowledge? We'd love to hear from you! Drop a comment down below or join us in our community Discord!


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Salvador DALI
Item#: 119934
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DALÍ, Salvador. Les Vins de Gala. (Paris): Draeger, (1977). Folio, original color-printed pictorial white cloth, original illustrated stiff paper dust jacket.
First edition of this extravagant, lavishly illustrated book of wines and famous vineyards, created by Dalí in honor of his wife Gala.
"When six years old I wanted to be a cook." This "refreshing blend of art, fun, and information" combines Dalí's art with the world's greatest wines. "He has taken late 19th-century French academic works and 15th-century miniatures depicting the wine-making process and altered them, giving them his own inimitable stamp. The results are unexpected, outrageous and amusing… Several paintings and drawings he created especially for this book." Gala was Dalí's wife and muse. With color plates and in-text photographs and illustrations on nearly every one of the 296 pages. Text in French. Without original slipcase.
A fine copy.


text:
1. Introduction
Personality is a construct characterized by a complicated pattern of deeply individual characteristics that affects most areas of psychological functions (Millon, Millon, Migher, Grossman, & Ramnath, 2004). In other words, personality is a psychological organization that determines individual's thoughts and behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2012). Personality can be broken into components that are called personality traits, including openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Costa and McCrae believed that personality traits could be responsible for many behaviors and characteristics of individuals (Costa & McCrae, 1985). Several studies revealed that the effects of personality traits on psychological disorders and maladaptive behaviors are prominent (Bleek, Montag, Faber & Reuter, 2011; Moroz & Dunkley, 2015). Trichotillomania is one of these disorders that besides damaging psychological functions, impairs physical health such as appearance (Boudjouk, Woods, Miltenberger, & Long, 2000; Flessner, Woods, Franklin, Keuthen, & Piacentini, 2009; Franklin et al., 2008; Tay, Levy, & Metry, 2004; Tolin, Franklin, Diefenbach, Anderson, & Meunier, 2007).
Trichotillomania is a repetitive, chronic, debilitating period of pulling out one's own hair from scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or other areas. Based on DSM-IV-TR classification, trichotillomania was as an impulse control disorder (not classified elsewhere). However, in the DSM-5, trichotillomania is inserted in obsessive compulsive and related disorders category and the term "hair pulling disorder" has been added to the disorder's name. This change signifies the important similarity between trichotillomania and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (Rufer et al., 2014).
Also, many studies revealed that trichotillomania is accompanied with negative psychosocial consequences such as low self-esteem, feelings of shame, and avoidance of social activities (Diefenbach, Tolin, Meunier, & Worhunsky, 2008; Woods, Flessner, Franklin, Keuthen et al., 2006). Investigators suggested that these consequences may be particularly associated with comorbid OCD or depression with trichotillomania that are often related to a "tendency toward perfectionism" (Mansueto, Golomb, Thomas, & Stemberger, 1999). Perfectionism is a personality characteristic described by setting extremely high standards for performance that is accompanied by critical self-evaluation and concern about other's evaluations (Stoeber & Childs, 2010; Flett & Hewitt, 2002). Although several self-help books written by researchers and therapists, e.g., Keuthen, Stein, & Christianson, 2001; Penzel, 2003, on trichotillomania indicate a connection between trichotillomania and perfectionism, most of the studies have stressed on OCD and perfectionism, and only one article has investigated the association of perfectionism with trichotillomania so far (Pelissier & O'Connor, 2004).
On the other hand, previous research has revealed that hair pulling behavior in trichotillomania disorder has an emotion regulation function and is a coping response style (Diefenbach, Tolin, Meunier, & Worhunsky, 2008; Shusterman, Feld, Baer, & Keuthen, 2009). The processes of coping with stress and the emotion regulation play an important role in the development of psychopathology (Compas et al., 2014). In consistent with these findings, the patients with trichotillomania usually pull hair to reduce their tension. In addition, stressful situations which are associated with unpleasant emotions usually stimulates hair pulling behavior which reflects maladaptive coping style (Shusterman et al., 2009; Teng, Woods, Twohig, & Marcks, 2002; Diefenbach et al., 2008).
Although there are various explanations for why some individuals successfully manage stressful situations and some not, several organizational behavior investigators have emphasized the role of self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability in coping (Spector, Zapf, Chen, & Frese, 2000). Self-esteem, locus of control and emotional stability are closely related to the concept described as core self-evaluation (Judge & Ilies, 2002). Core self-evaluation is a useful unifying framework for understanding individual diversity in the appraisal and response to the stressful situations. Core self-evaluation is a complex concept that includes self-evaluation of own self-worth, competence, and abilities, which is composed of 4 personality traits: self-esteem, locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, and neuroticism (Judge, Locke, Durham, & Kluger, 1998). These personality traits indicate the self-appraisal of personal competence, appraisal of own emotional functioning and control. Previous studies indicate that core self-evaluation is strongly and positively correlated with well-being (Brunborg, 2008; Yan & Su, 2012). In other words, individuals with positive core self-evaluations appraise themselves in a consistently positive manner across situations; such individuals see themselves as capable, worthy, and in control of their lives, so they are less prone to psychological disorders (Judge, VanVianen, & de Pater, 2004).
Although previous studies on trichotillomania have been focused on predisposing factors, the role of personality traits and perfectionism in the development of core self-evaluation of patients with trichotillomania had been neglected and needed more research. Thus based on previous research, the present study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits and perfectionism in predicting core self-evaluations of women with trichotillomania and normal ones.
2. Methods
This was a descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional study. The study population comprised all women aged between 20 and 50 years living in Tabriz City. The sample consists of 50 patients meeting DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for trichotillomania and 50 normal participants. Subjects were selected by convenience sampling method from counseling centers of Tabriz and then referred to Azad University of Tabriz to identify clinical and subclinical trichotillomania. Subjects were recruited over a 3-year period (2012-2015).
Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) having the diagnostic criteria of trichotillomania based on DSM-IV; 2) being woman; 3) aged between 20 and 50 years. Furthermore, normal participants were being women who matched by gender, age and education with patient group. The exclusion criteria were reluctance to participate in the study and having past or present psychosis. After obtaining permission from these centers, individuals were diagnosed. Then all participants were informed about the purposes of the study and received the instructions of filling out the questionnaires. Participants agreed to take part in a study on investigating the effects of personality trait and perfectionism on trichotillomania, while they were free to leave the study whenever they want. Afterwards, they completed the questionnaires. Finally, data of 100 participants were used in analysis.
Study instruments are Core Self-Evaluations Scale and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) (Judge, Erez, Bono, & Thoresen, 2003) is a 12-item questionnaire designed to assess the underlying self-evaluative factor. This scale consists of 4 subscales of self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, neuroticism, and locus of control. The participants were asked to respond to items on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. The higher score indicates higher core self-evaluation. In Judge et al. (2003) study, the internal consistency of the scale was good, α=0.80 (2003). The Cronbach α coefficients in another study for 4 discrete groups were between 0.80 and 0.84 (Sharati, Garosi, Babapour, 2010). In this study, the scale had a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.79.
NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (Costa & McCrae, 1992) consists of 60 items with a 5-Likert scale response format (0–4 points). This scale was designed to measure the personality dimensions, including extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and agreeableness; their coefficient α values were reported as 0.92, 0.89, 0.87, 0.86, and 0.90, respectively (Costa & McCrae, 1992). In other studies, the reliability of this scale was 0.53 to 0.87 (Besharat, 2005).
Multidimensional perfectionism questionnaire (Hewitt & Flett, 1990) is a 45-item scale (Hewitt & Flett, 2004) used to determine socially prescribed, other-oriented, and self-directed perfectionism. It has exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity in numerous studies, e.g., Hewitt & Flett, 2004. The Persian version of multidimensional perfectionism questionnaire has high internal consistency (Cronbach α=0.91) and acceptable test-retest reliability, r=0.85 (Soofiani, 2007). The current sample also demonstrated adequate internal consistency and acceptable test-retest reliability in socially prescribed perfectionism (Cronbach α=0.81, r=0.60), other-oriented perfectionism (Cronbach α=0.74, r=0.66), and self-directed perfectionism (Cronbach α=0.88, r=0.69). Participants were asked to what degree they agreed with each statement and responded on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).
Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS16. In order to analysis the data, we used descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multiple regression by stepwise method). At first, the Pearson correlation was assessed to examine the relationship between study variables. After that, a stepwise regression analysis was performed in order to determine the proportion of personality traits and perfectionism in predicting core self-evaluation in women with trichotillomania and normal women (P<0.05).
3. Results
Table 1 shows the mean and standard deviation of personality traits, perfectionism, and core self-evaluation in normal and trichotillomania women. Based on the result of variance homogeneity test, except other-directed perfectionism (other-oriented perfectionism F=4.014, P=0048), variance of other variables between two groups are homogenous. Table 2 presents the results of independent t test between patients with trichotillomania and healthy individuals. Based on significance of t-test, the difference between groups in neuroticism, self-directed perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, total perfectionism and core self-evaluation are significant. But with respect to extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, the difference is not significant.
Regression analysis by stepwise method was used to determine the proportion of personality traits and perfectionism in explaining the variance of core self-evaluation in women with trichotillomania and normal women. Results are summarized in Table 4 and 6.
Table 3 and Table 5 show the Pearson correlation among variables. Table 3 shows the Pearson correlation test among all variables of normal women and Table 5 shows result of the Pearson correlation test among all variables of women with trichotillomania.
At first we tested multiple regression statistical assumption by checking for multivariate outliers with the Mahalanobis distance. Based on this outcome, no cases was eliminated from the analysis. After that, we assessed collinearity statistics and our result showed that the tolerance of all the predictors are far in excess 0.01 suggesting that multicollinearity is not a problem.
According to Table 4 when neuroticism enters the regression, adjusted R2 is 0.39, which means that 39% of the variance of core self-evaluation of normal women is explained by neuroticism. In the next step, conscientiousness is entered and adjusted R2 is 0.43, which means that neuroticism and conscientiousness can explain 43% of the variance of core self-evaluation of normal women. In the present study, the equation representing the prediction model is this:
Core self-evaluation of healthy women=-0.59, neuroticism; and=+0.22, conscientiousness, meaning that when the score of neuroticism increases one point, the mean severity of core self-evaluation of normal women decreases 0.59 point and also one point increase in conscientiousness corresponds to 0.22 rise in core self-evaluation of normal women.
According to Table 6, when neuroticism enters the regression, adjusted R2 is 0.31, which means that 31% of the variance of core self-evaluation of healthy women is explained by neuroticism. In the next step, openness to experience is entered and adjusted R2 is 0.40, which means that neuroticism and openness to experience can explain 40% of the variance of core self-evaluation of women with trichotillomania in the present study.
4. Discussion
The present study aimed to investigate the role of personality traits and perfectionism in predicting core self-evaluations of women with trichotillomania and normal women. Results showed that the neuroticism trait and conscientiousness can predict the core self-evaluations in the normal group, while neuroticism and openness to experience can predict the core self-evaluation in those with trichotillomania. Nevertheless, this hypothesis that perfectionism could predict core self-evaluation was not confirmed in this study.
These findings are consistent with previous results demonstrating that trichotillomania disorder is strongly influenced by the perception of individual about stressful situations and their ability to cope (Teng et al., 2002). Trichotillomania disorder is a coping response with an emotion regulation function similar to many psychological disorders such as binge eating, substance abuse, or self-harm which relate to the emotion regulation. And
that patients with trichotillomania pull their hair to regulate aversive internal experiences (Diefenbach et al., 2008; Grant, Odlaug, & Potenza, 2007; Shusterman, et al., 2009). Several studies supported these findings that core self-evaluations play an important role in the stress coping strategies (Bolger & Zuckerman, 1995; Maddi, 1999) and thus are associated with well-being (Klag & Brad- ley, 2004; Tougas, Rinfret, Beaton, & de la Sablonniere, 2005). This means that self-esteem and locus of control as subscales of core self-evaluation are associated with better management of stressful situations. Individuals who perceive themselves worthy and capable of coping with stressors could better encounter the situations, whereas individuals who do not see themselves as worthy and capable could not manage their stressful situations well (Judge et al., 1998).
The results of this study also provided some evidence to explain the link between personality traits and core self-evaluation of normal women and those with trichotillomania. Personality traits are related to the specific patterns of behavior and social consequences that can be expected (John & Srivastava, 1999). Neuroticism is one of these personality traits that reflects individual diferences of experiencing stress, depression, and anxiety. Higher neuroticism score is associated with irrational thinking, lower self-esteem, and utilizing ineffective coping strategies (McCrae & John, 1992; Watson & Hubbard, 1996).
Thus it seems that neuroticism play an important role in predicting core self-evaluation. The results also stress on the role of conscientiousness factor in predicting core self-evaluation of normal women. Conscientiousness is described as the ability to be goal directed, lag immediate pleasure, think about the future, and have preference to follow social norms or outside expectations and act dutifully (John & Srivastava, 1999; McCrae & John, 1992). Theses characteristic are associated with the control, regulation, and direct individual's impulses. High scores on conscientiousness show a tendency to do planned behavior rather than spontaneous actions (Costa & McCrae, 1992). Thus, the higher score in conscientiousness indicates better emotion regulation and less likelihood of trichotillomania.
Openness to experience was another important personality trait in this study. It is defined as intelligence, imaginative, perceptive, creative, flexible, and willingness to experience different things (McAdams, 1992). The core feature of openness to experience is a characteristic that is related to the ability of imagination, creativity, emotional and fantasy richness, as well as unconventionality. As a result, individuals with high scores in this subscale would experience lower psychological disorders. In line with literature that demonstrated a negative relationship between openness to experience and psychological disorders (Butler, 2000), results of this study showed a significant negative correlation between openness to experience and core self-evaluation of those with trichotillomania. These findings indicate that openness to experience is related to adoption of diversity and using appropriate coping strategies to regulate stressors, so the lower score in this subscale is predictor of core self-evaluation of women with trichotillomania (Jost, 2006).
Altogether, the findings of the current study indicate the difference between personality traits in predicting core self-evaluations of normal women and those with trichotillomania. Neuroticism predicts core self-evaluation in normal women and those with trichotillomania. Neuroticism is a vulnerability factor for many psychological disorders, so in the current study it negatively predicted core self-evaluation of normal women and positively correlated with core self-evaluation of women with trichotillomania. Also conscientiousness as a personality trait is associated with emotion regulation and has positive association with core self-evaluation of normal women. In addition, these findings showed that women with trichotillomania had lower openness to experience as a factor that showed lower ability for coping with stressors.
On the other hand, the other findings of this study showed that there are significant difference between normal women and those with trichotillomania. Women with trichotillomania had higher score in neuroticism and perfectionism (self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and total perfectionism) and lower score in core self-evaluation compared to normal women. These findings are supported by previous studies that showed higher association of core self-evaluation with well-being, life satisfaction, and lower possibility of mental disorder, (Danna & Griffin, 1999; Schat, Kelloway, & Desmarais, 2005), while higher perfectionism is related to many psychological disorders (Gámez, Chmielewski, Kotov, Ruggero, & Watson., 2011).
In conclusion, based on the findings of this study, it can be argued that attention to some underlying factors such
as perfectionism, evaluation of the self, and personality factors are more effective and important in the treatment of patients with trichotillomania. It is also important to mention several limitations of the study. First of all, it was a cross sectional study, so that we cannot infer causal relationships in our findings. Second, participants' data were collected by self-report method. Moreover, the sample of this study comprised only women so we cannot generalize the findings of this study to all population. Thus, it is recommended to include wider samples, both men and women, in future studies, to investigate the clinical correlations of trichotillomania, and perform longitudinal studies for comprehensive understanding of trichotillomania.
The authors are sincerely grateful to all study participants and those who helped us in conducting this research. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors
Conflict of Interest
The authors declared no conflict of interests.
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Secrets Classic
Signed with the Blue Wagner Saphire
Pendant with chain - 18 Kt Rose gold, 0.94 ct Diamonds
The secrets of the diamond begin with its formation billions of years ago, 150km below the earth's surface at temperatures of up to 1400 °C. The radiant power of this precious stone is attractive and fascinating in equal measure. The secret of the Secrets Collection is only revealed on closer inspection: closely set diamonds of different sizes merge into a greater whole, thereby multiplying their radiant power.
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text:
Michele Seven didn't file her tax return in , not for ideological reasons, but due to some turbulence and disorder in her life. The IRS caught up to her and sent her a letter claiming that she owed $640,000 and that they were looking to seize that much from her.
Well, that's about ten times what she earned in . The IRS got its figures by adding up all of her gains but not bothering to try to estimate her costs and losses.
She called up to find out what to do about it, and the IRS said, "just file your return." But the more she thought about it, the less she wanted to file. She felt that by filing she'd be conceding a debt that she considered illegitimate, that it would be like certifying her own slavery.
I believe it's my duty to resist laws that are unjust…
I know this is probably going to upset some, but I believe that Iraqis have a right to life, and liberty, and the pursuit of happiness as well. And the fact is that hundreds of thousands of innocent Iraqi people have been killed — paid for by United States tax dollars.
I am a Christian and I do believe that one day I'm going to stand before God. And when I do, I really don't want to say, "Well, God, I was so afraid to go to prison that I was willing to have babies aborted, people murdered…"
The travelling libertarian video blog MotorhomeDiaries.com caught up with Seven and interviewed her:


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I welcome Angus Council's common sense approach to the Arbroath Harbour Visitor Centre's tenants. The Angus Alliance recently revised its arrangements with tenants at the centre, reducing rents and listening to their concerns.
When visiting the centre, I had the privilege of meeting Patricia Renson, owner of Harbour Interiors and discussing her experience of running a business at the Visitor Centre.
As a small business owner myself, it is good to hear that the Angus Alliance is responding to the needs of local shop owners. Reducing rents is an innovative and enlightened response and will really help them get through the recession. The Arbroath Visitor Centre needs thriving businesses to support its activity promoting the town and this is a big step forward.
The Labour Government has been hostile to small firms, stifling them with red tape and tax increases aimed specifically at small businesses. It is great to see Angus Council taking a more positive and engaging approach.


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Recipe for danish cinnamon rolls with almond and cinnamon fillings.
<Ingredients for bread>
125g(4.2 oz) Bread flour
125g(4.2 oz) All purpose flour
140ml(0.3 pints) Milk
7g(1/2 TBSP) Yeast
25g(1 1/2 TBSP) Sugar
4g(1 TSP) Salt
20g(1/2 oz)Non salted butter
100g(4oz) Non salted butter for laminating
1. Put sugar and yeast on top of bread and all purpose flour in a large bowl, salt on side. Pour room temperature milk and melted butter, mix until the dough gets moisturized with rubber spatula(I use long chopsticks for cooking).
2. Knead the dough for 10 minutes with hands, place it in a warm place until the dough becomes double.
3. Push the dough lightly to release gas, fold it round again and chill in the refrigerator for an hour.
4. Put butter for laminating between baking paper or plastic foil and spread in 20cm x 20xm (8inch x 8inch) square shape with a rolling pin. Keep in the freezer until use.
5. Spread the dough with rolling pin in 30cm x 30cm (10 inch x10 inch)square shape and fold the butter(4).
6. Spread it in a 40cm(15 inch) long rectangular shape then fold in three.
7. Repeat 6 three times. Chill the dough in the refrigerator for 30 minutes each time if the butter becomes too soft.
8. Spread filling on 30cm x 30cm(12 inch x 12 inch) dough.
<Filling ingredients>
1 Egg yolk
40g(4 TBSP) Brown sugar
20g(3 TBSP) Almond powder
7g(1 TBSP) Cinnamon
20g(1/2 oz) Non salted butter melted in the microwave
9. Roll the dough tightly and cut with strings in 8 pieces.
Put the dough on the string and cross at the top and pull each side.
10. Place the dough on the baking paper and spray water. Chill them in the refrigerator for an hour.
11. Put mixture of 1 egg yolk and 1 TBSP water with brush. Bake at 200C(390F) for 20 minutes.
12. Let cool for 10 minutes then graze with mixture of 10g(1 TBSP) egg white and 80g(2/3 cup) powdered sugar.


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We have ourselves a matchup to determined the NHL champion. I can't wait for this matchup. It's star power versus ultimate team play. Let the fun begin.
2017 Stanley Cup Final Preview – 3 Key Storylines Penguins vs Predators
It'll be interesting to see how the ratings for Pittsburgh versus Nashville are for this final. We're not talking about two huge television markets here. But we do have star power, feel-good stories and two teams playing very good hockey.
Here's a look at our 2017 Stanley Cup Final preview and the three keys to this series.
On one side you have veteran Pekka Rinne, a good goaltender who is finally having a great postseason. It's amazing to see what he is doing, how he has elevated his player this deep into his career. Rinne was so-so in the regular season, so no one really saw this playoff performance coming. But he's in the midst of tremendous play right now and hasn't had back-to-back bad games.
On the other side, Penguins goalie Matt Murray was supposed to be the playoff starter until he was hurt before the playoffs began. Marc-Andre Fleury did a masterful job until the coaching staff decided to go back to Murray. So his biggest strength could be that he's the freshest player on the team. Should Murray, who was stellar in last season's playoff title run, falter at any point, will the coach yank him like he did Fleury?
For the moment, I give Rinne the slight edge, seeing as he's been tested more than Murray so far.
Star Power
The Predators lost top center Ryan Johansen to injury and that was supposed to hurt them. But they prevailed over the Ducks. They don't really have a lot of flashy stars, save for PK Subban. Meanwhile, the Penguins not only have legends like Sidney Crosby and Evgeni Malkin, but they seem to be grooming legends in the making like Conor Sheary and Bryan Rust. It's sort of reminiscent of how Lidstrom and Yzerman of the Wings groomed Zetterberg. So the impact and clutch player edge is hugely on the Pens side.
But here's the equalizer – the Penguins haven't faced a defense like this all postseason. Nashville can trot out four all-star caliber rearguards who will make life on the Pitt forwards miserable. On the other hand, Pittsburgh's D has been a patch job due to injuries and they have defied expectations – and then some!
So it's really tough to say who will come out on top of this interesting duel. I do think that the Johansen injury will play a role and the Pens will win in Game 6 in overtime. That's my prediction? What's yours? Leave in the DeadHitSports forum.
Matthew Ross is a sports commentator and a radio host on TSN 690 Radio in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Follow him @MatthewWords.


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TOP PICK OF THE WEEK: Bumble Bars
|What could be better than a healthy sweet treat that tastes great? That's why we were buzzing when we recently discovered the Bumble Bar, handcrafted in microbatches in Spokane, Washington (just 154 bars are made per batch).
While not made with honey, they evoke a gourmet version of those sesame-honey candies—but they're soft and pose no harm to dental work. They're flat bars, the size of a chocolate bar, and you can devour one whole or break off a piece at a time. The sesame seeds and flax seeds provide much more than texture, flavor, lots of fiber and heart-healthy linolenic acid and omega-3s;* they require a lot of chewing, so the snack lasts longer. And, in the summer heat, the bars don't melt like chocolate or go gooey like caramel.
While Bumble Bars call themselves energy bars, they don't stack up nutritionally the way a Balance Bar, Clif Bar or Lara Bar will. Those bars have twice the protein and half the fat, and are formulated for energy. We'd call it a confection—a healthy candy. In fact, the world's first candies were seeds, nuts and fruits mixed with honey. Bumble Bars are descendants of those simple, whole foods. They're gluten-free, wheat- and dairy-free and vegan, made of certified organic good stuff and sweetened with brown rice syrup and evaporated cane juice. And it's not easy to tire of them, given 12 delicious flavors: Awesome Apricot, Chai With Almonds, Chocolate Cherry, Chocolate Crisp, Chunky Cherry, Lushus Lemon, Original (peanut and cinnamon), Original with Almond, Original With Cashew, Original With Hazelnut, Original With Mixed Nuts and Tasty Tropical.
These sesame and flax seed bars are
our new favorite guilt-free candy. Chunky
Cherry and Original With Almonds,
above, are two of the 12 flavors.
|Read the buzz in the full review, and stock up for camp, car trips, the gym—and healthy workplace snacks instead of what's in the lobby concession or that infernal candy machine.


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When I look back at my journey from where I began in 2008, as a struggling, procrastinating writer, to where I am now, as a storyteller, there are a few pretty key things that I attribute to helping me get here.
Obviously a big part of it was finding Larry Brooks and discovering story structure (this was the moment that changed my whole writing life). Without that, I know for a 100 percent fact I wouldn't be where I am today.
But there were three very specific things that stemmed from my finding Larry and story structure, and those are the three things that you need to commit to if you're going to be a successful storyteller.
Those three things are:
1. Learn
You must learn as much as you can about craft and storytelling and how it all works (or doesn't work). This is the foundation of your storytelling abilities.
Without a clear understanding and grasp of the principles of craft, you'll end up spinning your wheels for years and years (and years) and still not have a story that's finished or good enough to publish. This is what happens to most writers.
Mastering craft is the most important thing you can do for yourself as a writer and storyteller.
Like any other endeavor, whether you're playing a sport, an instrument, dancing or doing something else that's creative, there's always a level of craft that comes into play. There are always principles and rules and foundations you must be aware of.
Otherwise you won't ever be very good at what you're doing.
2. Study
You must spend time every week studying good storytelling, in movie and/or book format. The best way to learn is to study from people who've got it figured out.
The more movies you watch and the more novels you read, the more you'll start to see these elements of craft laid out right in front of you.
I can't watch a movie or read a book now without the plot points jumping out at me. Craft is that ingrained in me now.
And I'm grateful for it. Because the more movies I watch and the more books I read, the more I realize craft and storytelling works the same no matter what you're writing.
Pro writers know it. Bestselling authors know it. (Or if they don't know it, their editor does and makes sure their final product aligns with these principles.)
Exactly like when you're in high school or college, studying is an important tool that allows you to master the material.
Same goes for storytelling. You can't expect to be a good or even great storyteller without studying A LOT.
And unlike high school and college where the studying becomes tedious and annoying (and just a means to an end), studying storytelling is actually a hell of a lot of fun and enjoyment.
When I was in my hardcore studying phase (and who am I kidding? I still study story on the daily), I was watching upwards of two to three movies a day, breaking down the exposition and attempting to figure out the plot points.
Without studying as much as I have, I wouldn't be even half the storyteller I am today.
3. Practice
You must practice what you've been learning and studying by working on your own stories. That includes developing ideas, planning them out and actually sitting down and writing them, as well as revising and finishing them.
This is a must. And, sadly, this is often the step writers go straight to, without making any stops at step one and step two.
It may seem fun to just sit down and start writing, without any knowledge of craft or storytelling, but eventually you'll realize it's like a rocking chair… fun for a while, but it's not getting you anywhere.
At some point, you get tired of "shooting the basketball at the hoop in your driveway." You want more. You want to be able to play with other people. You want to play in a pickup game.
You want to be able to win.
But you can't do that if you're not first learning, studying and then practicing on your own stories. Practice only gets you so far if you don't have a foundation in place for making sure you understand what it is you have to do to be successful.
This storytelling thing isn't for the faint of heart.
So, which step have you skipped? Or if you haven't skipped any, which step do you need to spend more time on?
Only you know the answer to that. And only you can make the commitment to become a lifelong student of story.
Dream life or bust,
P.S. The doors to my membership site, The Storytelling Mastermind, open to new members on Friday!! And if you sign up and pay in full, there's an extra-special Bonus that you have an entire year to use.


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The ILOSTAT database on International Labour Migration Statistics (ILMS) is a set of indicators describing the number and profile of international migrant workers, their situation in the labour market and employment patterns, their main origin and destination countries and the magnitude of inward and outward migration flows.
Concepts and definitions
According the ILO Guidelines concerning statistics on International Labour Migration endorsed by the 20th International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 2018, international migrants include all those residents of a given country who have ever changed their country of usual residence. For the purpose of practical measurement and in line with United Nations recommendations, international migrants may be measured as all persons who are usual residents of a country and who are citizens of another country (foreign population) or whose place of birth is located in another country (foreign-born population).
Two criteria or variables allow for the identification of international migrants:
- the citizenship, distinguishing between citizens and non-citizens (individuals not holding citizenship of the country of measurement)
- the place of birth, distinguishing between native-born and foreign-born population (individuals born outside the country of measurement).
The ILMS database comprises international migrant stock and flow indicators.
Working-age population indicators include information on international migrant stocks, which represent the total number of international migrants of working-age present in the country of measurement at a particular point in time. This indicator measures the scale of working-age international immigration in the country. The stock of nationals abroad represents the total number of working-age citizens of the country of measurement, who have their usual residence in another country at a particular point in time. It measures the importance of working-age international emigration from the country.
The migration flow indicators measure the number of working-age international migrants entering and/or leaving the country of measurement during the reference period (a given year in the ILMS database) to establish their residence in the country (inflow) or abroad (outflow). Depending on the criterion used to define international migration, the inflow of international migrants includes either foreign-born individuals or non-citizens who moved to the country of measurement during the reference period to establish usual residence. For a given country, the outflow of nationals refers to the number of its citizens who left their country of citizenship to establish usual residence in another country during the reference period. As with stock indicators, only working-age international migrants are included in the flow indicators.
Data sources
The main data sources for stock indicators are labour force surveys, followed by other household surveys and population censuses. Flow indicators usually come from administrative data sources. Administrative registration for residence or working permits from interior affairs or immigration services, foreign employment departments and other administrative services or border registration often allow for the measurement of new entries of migrants. Additionally, some household surveys may include information on migration flows. Stock and flow data may also come from various official estimates produced by countries based on multiple data sources.
In cases where ILO experts process the household survey microdata in order to produce the indicators published on ILOSTAT, international statistical standards are strictly applied to ensure comparability across countries. Thus, ILOSTAT data may differ from what is nationally reported. The magnitude of the differences depends on the extent to which a country is applying international statistical standards.
Interpretation and uses
The working-age population indicators provide information on the share of migrants in the total population and inform on both their main origin countries and educational attainment. Employment indicators are disaggregated by migrant status, age, economic activity, occupation and status in employment. They illustrate the employment patterns of foreign-born/non-citizens in comparison with native-born/citizens and their contribution to the labour market. The difference in labour market outcomes reveals the economic inequalities between migrants and non-migrants and may reflect broader socio-economic barriers to the effective integration of migrants in destination countries.
Flow data provide information on the dynamic aspect of labour migration and on how the composition of the working-age population stock evolves over the reference period. The inflow indicators provide information on the importance and the profile of new annual entries of working-age migrants in the country. They also inform on the number of migrants moving to the destination country for work purposes, and the characteristics of their employment. The outflow indicators show the same information for nationals moving out of the country.
The two practical criteria used to define migrants both have advantages and disadvantages. The criterion of citizenship is relevant for policy, especially in terms of the right to work in destination countries. However, citizenship can change over time, people can hold multiple citizenships or not hold any (stateless persons), and being a foreigner does not necessarily imply that a person has actually migrated. Place of birth, on the other hand does not change, except in rare cases when country borders are redrawn, making people who never moved at risk of being wrongly classified as international migrants. Both criteria are widely available across countries, making the information relatively easy to collect. However, they may not describe migration trajectories as precisely as information on actual changes of country of residence undertaken by individuals or even the cross-tabulation of both criteria as recommended by the Global Migration Group.
Additionally, despite harmonization efforts over the years, countries are still using different concepts, definitions and measurement methods. For example, the concept of usual residence varies across countries, as some of them require a minimum duration of stay to classify an individual as a resident. This duration widely varies from three to twelve months, which may limit the comparability of stock and flow indicators across countries.
The data sources also have their limitations. Countries usually implement population censuses every ten years, therefore data are not frequently available and can be outdated, requiring countries to estimate their migrant population using different statistical methods. Household surveys, when not specifically designed for migration data collection, may produce data with limited reliability when only a small size of the migrant population is sampled. Administrative data usually only cover "registered" individuals. Derived stock and inflow indicators may thus exclude undocumented migrants and any immigrant who did not undertake formal administrative steps following his entry in the country. The register of nationals living abroad also cover only the emigrants who reported their absence to the relevant national or consular services. Therefore, statistics may provide an incomplete picture of international labour migration.
Many publications are available in English only. Click on the + sign for other languages, if available, and additional information.


text: Veronica earned a BA from the University of California, Berkeley, in Political Economy, with a minor Global Poverty in May 2018! Veronica lives a deep commitment to serving vulnerable populations and has diverse experience doing so. She has spent the past several years providing mentorship to first-generation college applicants on the intricacies of higher education and middle schools girls on important women's issues, lobbying for legislation that makes college more accessible and affordable, and providing legal information assistance to immigrants. Veronica joined TBP early in 2017, first as an intern, and then as a Program Assistant. Congratulations and welcome aboard full-time to Veronica!


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October 19-22
The Eighth IMIG meeting was held in Chicago IL at the Sheraton Chicago Hotel & Towers and organized by Hedy Kindler and Samuel Armato. This was a large and successful meeting that was held in parallel with the annual MARF meeting.
More than 300 attendees from 26 countries attended.
The meeting featured workshops, debates, and poster sessions and breakout symposia.
Workshop topics included:
● The clinical relevance of mouse models for mesothelioma
● Developing the next generation of clinical trials
● Immunology and immunotherapy
● Imaging
● Surgical pitfalls and challenges
● Peritoneal mesothelioma
● Pathology
There were also two Satellite Symposia, on Apoptosis and on Supportive Care. There were two lively debates, one on the role of SV-40 as a potential cause of mesothelioma, and one on the role of radical surgery in the management of this disease. There was a Joint Lunch with the attendees of MARF that featured a visit from Senator Richard J. Durbin (D, IL).
The meeting abstracts were published in a Supplement of the Journal Lung Cancer [1].
The workshops generated 2 manuscripts:
- An IMIG consensus statement on pathologic diagnosis in mesothelioma [2]
- An update on imaging in mesothelioma [3]
A summary of the meeting was published in Oncogene [4]
Wagner Award: Harvey Pass
Young Investigator Prizes:
- Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Baltimore, MD Quantifying the risks of mesothelioma and lung cancer from environmental crocidolite exposure in Da-yao, China.
- Helman Alfonso, Crawley, Australia. Vitamin A and cancer prevention in workers previously exposed to asbestos in Wittenoom.
- Brock Christensen, Boston, MA. Asbestos burden, epigenetic silencing, and survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma.
- Andrew Holloway, East Melbourne, Australia. Gene expression profiling in an SV40 larget T antigen expressing transgenic mesothelioma model. Implications for a role for SV40 in human mesothelioma?
- Ro-Ting Lin, Kitakyushu, Japan. The global asbestos epidemic and its reflections in the recent Japanese experience.
Sheelu Varghese, Baltimore, MD. Gene expression profiling of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma identifies novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Carrying on a long-standing IMIG tradition, this meeting was also noteworthy for its terrific parties. Attendees were welcomed on a foggy, rainy night at a reception in the Signature Room on the 95th floor of the John Hancock Center, a place usually known for its spectacular views. They traveled by a traditional Chicago trolley to visit the Field Museum for a guided private tour of the spectacular exhibit "Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of Pharaohs" followed by a lovely dinner. The closing Gala Reception was held at the International Museum of Surgical Science.
(1) Abstracts of the 8th International Conference of the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Lung Cancer, Volume 54, Supplement 1, October 2006, S1-S60.
(2) Husain AN, Colby TV, Ordóñez NG, Krausz T, Borczuk A, Cagle PT, Chirieac LR, Churg A, Galateau-Salle F, Gibbs AR, Gown AM, Hammar SP, Litzky LA, Roggli VL, Travis WD, Wick MR. Guidelines for pathologic diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: a consensus statement from the International Mesothelioma Interest Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2009 Aug;133(8):1317-31.
(3) Armato SG 3rd, Entwisle J, Truong MT, Nowak AK, Ceresoli GL, Zhao B, Misri R, Kindler HL. Current state and future directions of pleural mesothelioma imaging. Lung Cancer. 2008 Mar;59(3):411-20.
(4) Review: Eighth IMIG. Oncogene 26:6959-6967, 2007.
Program (download)


text:
You rightfully expect medical professionals (doctors, nurses, etc.) to follow treatment guidelines and procedures. You trust doctors with your life and the lives of your loved ones. You expect your medical professional(s) to follow the necessary treatment guidelines for you or your loved ones' medical conditions. Unfortunately, not all do. A routine medical visit can turn into a tragedy that could have easily been avoided.
CALL LEEDER LAW IMMEDIATELY if you believe you or a loved one may be a victim of medical malpractice. We will do everything in our power to make you and your family whole again. We will stop at nothing to ensure that this never happens to you or one of your loved ones again.