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Housing Segregation and Open Housing Legislation
Anne Frantilla
Seattle Municipal Archives
Seattle's African-American population increased dramatically between 1940 and 1960, making the community the city's largest minority group. As blacks moved north and west during and after World War II in search of employment, their numbers overtook those of Asian groups–the Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino–which together historically formed Seattle's largest minority population. All of the city's minority groups experienced some form of discrimination, including geographic segregation, employment inequity, and housing discrimination. Until 1968, it was legal to discriminate against minorities in Seattle when renting apartments or selling real estate. The task of securing legislation to prohibit discrimination in housing began in the late 1950s. It turned out to be a decade long struggle.
One method employed to shut out black families from white neighborhoods was enforcement of restrictive covenants. This, and other acts of discrimination such as realtors unofficially agreeing to show houses in white neighborhoods to people of color, largely confined black residents to Seattle's Central Area. Although the African American community increased from 1% to 4.8% of Seattle's population between 1940 and 1960, by 1960 the Central District was home to 78% of the City's black population. In 1957, Garfield became the first high school in Seattle with more than 50% nonwhite student body.
The attempt by Robert L. Jones, in April of 1959, to buy a house outside of the Central District helped focus a spotlight on racial discrimination and housing issues in Seattle. The Washington State legislature passed the Omnibus Civil Rights Act in 1957, outlawing housing discrimination in home sales while loans from a Federal or state agency remained unpaid or while there was commitment for such loans. In 1959, John O'Meara put his house up for sale. O'Meara financed his home through a private loan insured by the Federal Housing Authority (FHA). He did not use a real estate broker but, rather, listed the house himself. Robert L. Jones and his wife visited the home on April 19 and on the 21st had their attorney leave a down payment of $1,000 and a signed earnest money receipt with an offering of all cash to seller on closing. The check on the earnest money receipt were returned to the Jones' attorney. The Jones family filed a complaint with the Washington State Board Against Discrimination. The Board upheld the complaint that the O'Meara's had refused to sell their home to the Jones' because of their color.
In January 1960, the King County Superior Court ruled that state law unconstitutional, and upheld the O'Meara's decision not to sell their house to the Jones family. In September 1961, the case went to the Supreme Court of Washington (O'Meara's v. Washington State Board Against Discrimination). The Supreme Court ruled on a 5 to 4 vote in favor of the O'Meara's, judging that the State law did not apply because an FHA loan was not considered "publicly assisted housing."
The national civil rights movement, along with events such as the Jones/O'Meara case, inspired fair housing activists in Seattle. Some small voluntary efforts to integrate neighborhoods were in place by the end of the 1950s. The Greater Seattle Housing Council was formed in 1956 to encourage dialogue between proponents of open housing and the real estate industry. Other groups, such as the Christian Friends for Racial Equality, urged the Seattle City Council to pass an ordinance prohibiting racial discrimination in any type of housing. The Central Brokers' Association was formed in 1961 to find housing for minority group families in many parts of Seattle.
The State's Omnibus Civil Rights Act of 1957was a narrowly defined attempt to end discrimination in housing, focusing only on purchases secured with government loans. Attempts at the state level to pass broad anti-discrimination in housing laws were vigorously opposed in the late 1950s and early 1960s by apartment building operators and real estate representatives. Those special interest groups charged that fair housing laws "would infringe on constitutional property rights, were dictatorial, confiscatory and would lead to evasion and disrespect for the law." (Seattle Times, 1961). Among those advocating for the anti-discrimination housing bills introduced in 1961 at the state level was Joe Jones, a University of Washington football player. The Seattle Times reported that he, "after returning from the Rose Bowl game, was turned away at six apartment houses because he was a negro." "These bills are necessary,"' said Jones, a 22-year-old senior. I've experienced discrimination.'" University of Washington professor, Giovanni Costigan, also testified at the state hearings, calling for fair housing legislation with the statement that "there is only one race, the human race."
Another avenue followed to fight housing discrimination was changing the law at the local government level. By changing the law to make it illegal to discriminate when selling or renting, proponents believed it would be more difficult to continue discriminatory practices. Changing the law, however, turned out to be a lengthy process.
In late 1961, the Seattle branch of the NAACP proposed that the city pass an ordinance prohibiting discrimination in housing. A public hearing on the idea was held in December, 1961. Proponents speaking for an ordinance included the Rev. Samuel McKinney, pastor of the Mount Zion Baptist Church, and Garfield High School principal Frank Hanawalt; opponents included Richard W. Lenington, past president of the Seattle Real Estate Board, and Donald C. Haas, president of the Seattle Apartment Operators' Association. Seattle's Corporation Counsel, A. C. Van Soelen, stated that the proposed ordinance would have dubious legal validity and would be problematic to enforce. The City Council declined to take action.
In July 1962, Mayor Gordon S. Clinton appointed the Citizen's Advisory Committee on Minority Housing. The Committee was chaired by Alfred J. Westberg a former state legislator. Following a public hearing on October 19, 1962, at which representatives of many civic organizations testified that housing discrimination was widespread in Seattle, the Committee recommended passage of an open housing ordinance and creation of a Human Rights Commission. The report of the Advisory Committee, submitted to the Mayor and City Council in December 1962, stated:
"Your committee has concluded that a city ordinance prohibiting discrimination in the sale or rental of housing accommodations on the basis of race, creed, color or national origin is an essential tool for the work of a city commission on human relations….Although a number of excellent privately-supported agencies in Seattle are carrying on a general education and public relations program, seeking the voluntary elimination of discrimination in housing and other fields, they lack an official standing."
The Mayor and City Council delayed action on the Advisory Committee recommendations for a year. In protest of the inaction, the Rev. Mance Jackson and Rev. Samuel McKinney organized a July 1, 1963 march on City Hall. A large sign-carrying crowd met on the Fifth Avenue Plaza at City Hall. The City Council meeting held that day on open housing was attended by more than 300 people. At the end of the march and the meeting, about 35 young people from the Central District Youth Club occupied the Mayor's office for nearly 24 hours, participating in Seattle's first sit-in. The protestors stated, "As citizens of Seattle and members of the Central District Youth Club, we feel humiliated by the slow process of the City of Seattle to adopt open housing." The sit-in ended only after an hour-long conference between the Youth Club and the Rev. Mance Jackson, Rev. John Adams and the Rev. Samuel McKinney.
An ordinance establishing the Seattle Human Rights Commission was passed two weeks later, in part because of organized protests such as the one on July 1, and other acts of non-violent civil disobedience related to employment and housing discrimination issues. The Commission drafted an open housing ordinance later in 1963, providing for criminal penalties for acts of housing discrimination on the basis of race, ethnic origin or creed. The Commission recommended that the ordinance contain an emergency clause which would put it into effect immediately upon passage, and prohibit the possibility that the ordinance could be referred to a vote by the public.
At a City Council Committee of the Whole meeting on October 25, 1963, the decision was made to refer the issue to the voters and place the ordinance on the ballot. The decision was made after a heated seven-hour public hearing. Black civil rights leaders walked out after Rev. John H. Adams, chairman of the Central Area Committee on Civil Rights, told Council that prejudice and bigotry were "moral problems of the white community." Council member Paul J. Alexander successfully proposed dropping the emergency clause provision. Council member J. D. Braman voiced his support for removing the clause and told the ministers who spoke of conscience by declaring that his conscience was his own affair. (Braman would go on to become Mayor of Seattle the following year.) Only Council members Charles M. Carroll and Wing Luke, who were strong advocates of open housing, voted against the final version of the ordinance, protesting the removal of the emergency clause.
Opponents of the legislation, who called it "Forced Housing legislation," included the Seattle Real Estate Board, Apartment Owners' Association, and many private home owners. Harold W. Cooper, president of the Seattle Real Estate Board, said the proposed open-housing law would put sweeping controls on the "thoughts and actions of individual citizens". Those in favor of the legislation included religious coalitions and civil rights and community organizations. Seattle was not alone in this struggle. In 1964 the New York Times reported that fair housing initiatives were underway in Michigan, Illinois, and California, as well as Washington. Real estate interests were the primary opponents of the measures in each of these states.
Those opposing the open housing legislation advertised heavily, with slogans referencing personal freedom and forced housing. The advertisements urged voters to examine human rights and property rights and to vote "no" in order not to lose family freedom. The names of City Council members, Paul Alexander, Floyd Miller, Mike Mitchell and Myrtle Edwards, appeared in some of the newspaper ads in opposition to the ordinance.
Proponents of the open housing legislation sponsored marches, rallies, and educational meetings. A rally two days before the vote was held at Westlake Plaza with over 1,500 attending. Those endorsing the ordinance at the rally included the Council of Planning Affiliates, representing health and welfare agencies; Puget Sound Cooperative League, made up of Group Health cooperatives; King County Schools, and many church and community groups.
The open housing legislation went before the voters on March 10 1964 and was defeated by more than a two-to-one margin, 115,627 opposed to 54,448 in favor.
The local chapter of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) was one of the community groups actively working against discrimination in housing. CORE formed a Housing Committee in May, 1963 and launched an investigation of the charges of discrimination by the real estate industry. In 1964, CORE sponsored a protest consisting of picketing and a sit-in at the Lake City and Aurora offices of Picture Floor Plans, Inc. because the company discriminated against non-white buyers. It was owned by the president of the Seattle Real Estate Board. A court-ordered injunction terminated the protests and those working against discrimination in housing turned away from direct action as a method of achieving their goal.
Attitudes slowly changed between 1964 and 1968, partially due to voluntary efforts such as the Fair Housing Listing Service and Operation Equality. The Fair Housing Listing Service, created by Sidney Gerber in 1962, worked with 24 organizations and brought together blacks wanting to move out of the Central District and white homeowners willing to sell to minorities. Operation Equality was a three-year program run by the Seattle Urban League to assist minorities in finding housing. The Seattle Real Estate Board issued a Statement of Principle in June 1965, stating that it was the policy of the Board that members should show all listing without discrimination.
In January 1965, the first African American Judge, Charles Z. Smith, was appointed to the Seattle Municipal Court. The Human Rights Commission remained active during this period working to introduce non-discriminatory employment clauses in the City's public works contracts in June 1965. A six-week course to increase consciousness about racial discrimination was introduced for supervisory employees in the City. On June 1, 1965, Mayor Braman issued an Executive Oder relating to fair practices, reaffirming the City's policy to protect the rights of all citizens and affording all persons equal treatment.
Despite efforts by the Human Rights Commission to improve race relations, many in the Seattle community were afraid racial tensions were increasing, not decreasing. The American Civil Liberties Union requested a public hearing in January 1965 to review the need for a Police Review Board in response to claims of brutality by the police. City Council denied the request but did agree to review the use of force by the police. In June 1965 an off-duty police officer shot Robert L. Reese, an African American, in the International District. As a result of this incident, police training methods were questioned and a Community Relations Unit was established. Race relations training was stepped up as part of police training.
On the national stage, the publicity engendered by the Civil Rights movement and the outrage at the violence perpetrated against marchers and voting rights activists helped focus attention on inequality in Seattle. On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act, outlawing discrimination in public places and in schools. Outrage was palpable over the scenes of state police brutality against demonstrators in Selma, Alabama, in March of 1965. On August 6, 1965, the President signed the Voting Rights Act. On the other hand, some national events served to fuel fear of increased racial tension in Seattle. Race riots in Los Angeles in 1965 and in Detroit and Newark in 1967 encouraged the Seattle Police Department to plan for possible riots in Seattle.
Slowly changing attitudes towards segregation in housing as well as increasing fear that racial tensions could explode in Seattle served to trigger passage of an open housing ordinance in 1968. On April 19, 1968, three weeks after the assassination of Martin Luther King, the City Council unanimously passed Ordinance 96619 "defining and prohibiting unfair housing practices in the sale and offering for sale and in the rental and offering for rent and in the financing of housing accommodations, and defining offenses and prescribing penalties, and declaring an emergency therefore." The ordinance had been sponsored by six of the nine Council members, but the chief architect was first term Council member, Sam Smith, the first African-American to sit on the Council. Smith had previously been a tireless advocate for open housing and fair employment while serving as the first African American member of the Washington State Legislature.
The open housing legislation passed in 1968 was amended in 1975 to include prohibitions against discrimination based on sex, marital status, sexual orientation, and political ideology; and in 1979 to include age and parental status. In 1986, creed, and disability were added as prohibitions on discrimination and in 1999 gender identify as added. Seattle did not pass legislation regarding employment discrimination based on age, sex, race, creed, color or national origin until 1972.
Bibliography & Additional Resources
Bauman, Robert. "Jim Crow in the Tri-Cities, 1943-1950." Pacific Northwest Quarterly, Summer 2005, Vol. 96 No. 3.
Davis, Kate. "Housing Segregation in Seattle : An update of A Study and Data on Segregated Housing in Seattle / Seattle Human Rights Department, 1976." 2005.
Taylor, Quintard. The Forging of a Black Community: A History of Seattle's Central District, 1870-through the Civil Rights Era. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.
Schmid, Calvin F. and McVey, Jr., Wayne W. Growth and Distribution of Minority Races in Seattle, Washington. Seattle: Seattle Public Schools, 1964.
"Case studies on process of integration in neighborhoods of Seattle, Washington : A Report." Greater Seattle Housing Council. Research Committee. 1960.
"Summary of recent research concerning minority housing in Seattle." Walter B. Watson, Ernest A. T. Barth (Institute of Sociological Research, Department of Sociology, University of Washington.: 1962.
"A study and data on segregated housing in Seattle, Washington (H-3721) / prepared by Seattle Human Rights Department for the Department of Housing and Urban Development. 1976.
Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project
Especially useful for information on restrictive covenants
Contains information at the national level about civil rights, including a timeline and primary source documents.


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Last week was the third anniversary of the HumaneWatch 50% Pledge. We pledged in 2010 to shut down this watchdog website if the Humane Society of the United States pledged to give 50% of the money it takes in to pet shelters. This is already what people think HSUS does with the money it raises,including HSUS donors—so it shouldn't be asking much.
Instead, the Humane Society of the United States gives only 1% of the money it raises to local pet shelters, and it doesn't run any pet shelters of its own. The American Institute of Philanthropy gives HSUS a "D" grade, finding that HSUS spends up to 48 cents to raise a dollar and spends as little as half of its budget on programs.
And the money HSUS does spend on programs goes to things like employing lawyers and filing frivolous lawsuits, defending against lawsuits, funding anti-farmer propaganda, and employing questionable characters, to name just a few things.
Yet in its fundraising ads, HSUS showcases pets and promises to save them. "You can help save the life of one desperate animal right now," says HSUS CEO Wayne Pacelle in one ad. "With a monthly pledge of $19, just 63 cents a day, you are helping to save the lives of abused and neglected animals. Every hour, desperate animals are killed in shelters, only because they never find a loving home" says Pacelle in another. That's manipulative language considering how little HSUS gives to shelters. As for adopting out animals, we're not sure HSUS does that at all—it doesn't run a pet shelter, and the animals it rescues are generally turned over to local groups.
So we're renewing out pledge. But HSUS doesn't have to go from 1 to 50 overnight. We'll be happy if it moves in the right direction. We're sure HSUS is familiar with that phrase.
Wayne Pacelle and HSUS can do the right thing. Or they can continue to deceive pet lovers about where their money is going. The choice is theirs. But it's already been 1,095 days too long in our minds.
The following was read at the Cascade High School Homecoming Game on Friday, September 15, 2023:
Our flag horse tonight is My Diamonds and Pearls. She is presented by Madison Wilson. Owned by Christie Scrivner, My Diamonds and Pearls is a four-time Reserve World Champion Tennessee Walking Horse.
If you are not already registered for the Walking Horse Report, you can register here.

subset: commoncrawl


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David Luiz is said to be about to sign a new deal to remain at Arsenal and extend his stay in north London.
News recently came to light that the Brazil international had only signed a one-year contract with the Gunners following his switch from London neighbours Chelsea and that there were fears they could lose the experienced defender.
However, all the places were you can get the latest Arsenal news live are all suggesting that he is ready to put pen-to-paper and remain at Mikel Arteta's outfit for the foreseeable future.
That's according to Benfica chief, Luis Filipe Vieira, anyway. Telling Portuguese press, and relayed in the British media, Vieira revealed that Benfica would not be in a position to take their former star back as well as stating that the defender was preparing to sign a new deal with the Gunners.
"He was in the car with his agent, preparing to renew his contract with Arsenal," he said. "He is someone who loves Benfica, but there is something else he is: he is a great professional and has to earn money. What he earns is unthinkable for Benfica to pay."
Although it is always reasonable to take the latest rumours and hearsay with a pinch of salt, this news could be construed as something rather positive for the north London outfit.
Luiz might be known for having momentary lapses in judgement and concentration, as he has the odd brain-fart at times, however there is no doubt that he has managed to help transform the defence into one that leaks fewer goals than it has done previously.
According to data analysis website, WhoScored, the experienced 33-year-old does not appear to have the best all-around defensive figures, but it is arguable that he brings so much more to the pitch that is not always recognised.
The Brazilian's average of one tackle per game, one interception and four clearances every 90 minutes across 25 Premier League appearances do not make for attractive reading, however there are not many other defenders in the current Arsenal squad that are able to boast figures that are much better.
Luiz also brings some experience and leadership qualities to The Gunners squad, which are hugely beneficial considering Arteta's side is rather young and perhaps does not have all the necessary knowledge required to help compete each and every week.
Whether the news that he is preparing to sign a new deal to remain at the Emirates Stadium for a little longer is true and is something that comes to fruition remains to be seen, however Arsenal would be wise to ensure they do their very best to make sure it does. Otherwise, despite the pending arrival of William Saliba, Arteta and the Gunners could have a problem trying to replace him with the current global pandemic likely to play havoc with the transfer market.


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More Predator Drones Fly US-Mexico Border
Unmanned drones are being deployed to surveil the porous border between the United States and Mexico to staunch the flow of illegal immigrants and drug smuggling. Costing thousands of dollars per hour to operate, their effectiveness as a law enforcement tool is being questioned as much as the privacy concerns they raise. Homeland Security states the drones do not cross into the Mexican interior. However, according to an article that appeared in Wired in March 2011, Presidents Barack Obama and Felipe Calderon agreed to allow the US military to fly drones over Mexican territory in an effort to detect cartel activity.
Over Arizona, the Predator circled a ranch, as unseen and silent as a hunting owl. On a bank of computer screens, the monitoring team watched the truck, which appeared in ghostly infrared black and white, turn and pull up by a mobile home. In the yard, three sleeping dogs quickly woke up, their tails wagging.
"Welcome home," one of the agents said.
Read the full article at: Washington Post
North America
Vancouver Begins Free Crack Pipe Program for Addicts
In total, 60,000 kits are expected to be distributed at five locations during an eight-month trial period.
"What this boils down to is it's about disease prevention," said Beutel. "It's about preventing more communicable diseases which land these people in hospital on a frequent basis and clog up emergency rooms."
Read the full article at: National Post
Judge Dismisses Medical Marijuana Suit by Arizona
In her order, Bolton said the state could file an amended complaint, but the state would have to satisfy two key problems: Federal prosecutors have not threatened to prosecute state or municipal employees for following the law; and the state can't show that any harm will come absent a court ruling.
"Plaintiffs do not challenge any specific action taken by any defendant," Bolton wrote. "Plaintiffs also do not describe any actions by state employees that were in violation of (the Controlled Substances Act) or any threat of prosecution for any reason by federal officials.
"These issues, as presented, are not appropriate for judicial review."
Read the full article at: Arizona Republic
Police Trainers Say It's Time to Rethink Drug Raids
"The days of knocking down doors in drug cases should be over. Given what's going on now, you have to consider other options," McCarthy told USA Today. "Police should focus on trying to lure suspects out into the open or just wait them out," he said. "It's time to change our thinking, Cops are exposing themselves to increasing danger many times over, and it's just not necessary."
Read the full article at: The Weed Blog
Latin America
Confronting Crack in Costa Rica
Ma and pa "narcofamilias" run home kitchens to cook and deal the rocks on the local street market.
"These are people, entire families, who are dedicated to narcotics trafficking — from the little kids up to granny. She could be just a dealer or 'la madrina' of the mafia," Carlos Alvarado, director of the state-run Costa Rican Institute on Drugs (ICD), said. He pointed to one recent drug bust in which the family drug lord turned out to be a little elderly woman in a wheelchair.
Read the full article at: GlobalPost
Mexico's War on Drugs Blights Resort of Acapulco
The battle for control of Acapulco escalated after the arrest this August of the faction leader who held together the structure in the resort. The three groups fighting over it are believed to have loose links with other organisations, in particular Sinaloa, though others including the Juárez cartel, La Familia and even the Zetas are rumoured to be fluttering on the fringes of the conflict.
The bloodbath reached a peak in August when, local officials say, 148 people were killed during the month and the year's total was approaching 1,000. The door of the morgue was plastered with appeals to help find the missing, whom the authorities largely ignore.
Read the full article at: The Guardian
Drug Laws and Prison in Ecuador
Ecuador has one of the harshest drug laws in the hemisphere. A non-violent drug offender can receive the same sentence, sometimes even stiffer, than a murderer.
In this video, Analia Silva says she started dealing drugs out of poverty. She explains that she did not even know the type of drugs she was selling; that she only knew that being the sole provider of her two children, she needed to make ends meet. Not knowing how to read or write, she says she considered two options: "becoming a prostitute or selling drugs."
Read the full text accompanying the video at: Drug Law Reform in Latin America
Other News
Pro Surfers to Be Tested for Drugs
In a familiar pattern to anyone who smokes weed, the inevitable crackdown came, not as a result of harmless cannabis nor even of its frisky big brother, LSD -- but due to the same, tired old death drugs that have been killing people and destroying lives for generations.
Read the full article at: Toke of the Town
Illegal Drug Use Estimated at 200 Million People Worldwide
The consequences of illegal drug use include severe toxic effects, such as overdose; dependence; violence or injury due to intoxication; and the effects on health from chronic use: cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis and mental disorders. Health effects vary by drug; marijuana use rarely leads to a fatal overdose, for example. And within countries, drug use can be affected by social factors and the availability of certain drugs.
Read the full article at: Los Angeles Times
Get Busted for Marijuana; Work as a Police Informant; Get Killed
Hilliard's tragic death brings back memories of Rachel Hoffman, the 23-year-old, Florida State graduate from Tallahassee who also worked as an informant after she was busted with a small amount of marijuana and Ecstasy. Hoffman was sent alone on a "buy and bust" and was given $13,000 to buy Ecstasy, cocaine and a gun. The men shot Hoffman five times, stole her car and credit card, and dumped her body into a ditch.
Read the full editorial at: Huffington Post
Drug War Propaganda and Junk Science No Basis for Child Neglect and Abuse
"Pregnant women and children who are caught up in the child welfare system and who are disproportionately low-income and of color, no less than other people, deserve decisions that are grounded in evidence-based-research," said Emma S. Ketteringham, co-counsel on the case and Director of Legal Advocacy for amici National Advocates for Pregnant Women. Ms. Ketteringham added, "Pregnant women and families should not be deprived of their fundamental rights, including the right to family relationships, based on junk science, or no science at all."
Read the full press release at: National Advocates for Pregnant Women
Children are the unacknowledged victims of the drug war.
In this interview, Stephani Conyers recounts her experience as the child of drug offenders. Both her father and mother (Rebecca Forbes) received prison sentences in the State of North Carolina for the cultivation of cannabis.
Stephani describes in harrowing detail SWAT raids on her family home while only a young child, life in abusive foster homes, drugs and sexual abuse, and her struggle to maintain a relationship with her parents as they went through the criminal justice system.
The Exile Nation Project - Interview with Stephani Conyers from Charles B Shaw on Vimeo.
Rebecca Forbes is a medical cannabis patient and activist living in North Carolina.
In 1998 Rebecca was sentenced to 3 years in the North Carolina Department of Corrections for the cultivation of cannabis.
In this emotional interview, Rebecca describes the devastating impact the drug war has had on her life, health and family.
The Exile Nation Project - Interview with Rebecca Forbes from Charles B Shaw on Vimeo.
Newsletters and Weekly Features
- Drug War Chronicle #715 - Jan 5, 2012
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
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$6.99 $12.99
This simple yet sophisticated black and white hearts design glass photo coaster favor will add a special touch to your elegant affair. Each coaster has simply elegant black and white design decal with a cut out for a photo of your precious memories.
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Leor Zmigrod
Dr Leor Zmigrod is a political neuroscientist and psychologist. Her research combines methods from experimental psychology, cognitive science, political science, criminology, and neuroscience to investigate the psychology of ideological extremism and group identity formation. In particular, she investigates cognitive characteristics that might act as vulnerability factors for radicalization and ideologically-motivated behaviour.
She completed her PhD at the Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge. Leor's doctoral research, funded by a Gates Cambridge Scholarship, explored the psychological processes underpinning political, religious, and nationalistic beliefs. She was a Junior Research Fellow at Churchill College, Cambridge between 2019-2022.
Leor was listed on Forbes 30 Under 30 in the Science & Healthcare category, and received MHP's 30ToWatch in British Politics Gold Winner Award in the Unifier of the Year Category. She was awarded the ESCAN 2020 Young Investigator Award by the European Society for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience and the Glushko Dissertation Prize in Cognitive Science by the Cognitive Science Society. Leor recently won the 2020 Women of the Future Science Award and the 2022 Women in Cognitive Science Emerging Leader Award, as well as the 2022 Distinguished Junior Scholar Award in Political Psychology by the American Political Science Association.
For the academic year 2020-2021, Leor held the Gretty Mirdal Junior Chair in 'Brain, Culture and Society' at the Paris Institute for Advanced Study. She was also the Director of Studies for the Psychological and Behavioural Sciences Tripos at Churchill College, Cambridge and for Clare College, Cambridge.
For the academic year 2022-2023, Leor is a Fellow at the Berlin Institute for Advanced Study.
Her research has been featured in The New York Times, The Guardian, TIME, New Scientist, Financial Times, LSE British Politics and Policy, The Times, amongst other international outlets. In 2022 Leor gave a talk at the Hay Festival.
Leor is an Editor for the recently-published Theme Issue in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, titled "The Political Brain: Neurocognitive and Computational Mechanisms Underlying Ideological Behaviour".
As of 2022, Leor sits on the Editorial Board of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. She has written and spoken to the Royal Society about promoting diversity in science.
She holds a B.A. in Psychological and Behavioural Sciences from the University of Cambridge, and has published work on the neuroscience of agency, creativity, and hallucinations. Leor has also conducted research at Stanford University, Harvard University, and University College London. Leor was recently shortlisted for a Student-Led Teaching Award by the University of Cambridge's Student Union.
Leor is passionate about encouraging young people to pursue STEM and recently founded the Cambridge Cognitive Science Research Assistantship Scheme to offer research experience and mentoring to young people (aged 16-21) interested in a scientific approach to the human mind. Between March and August 2020, she mentored over 45 students. The scheme particularly values critical thinking, accessibility, and a passion for learning. No one is too young to fall in love with the scientific research process.
She enjoys public engagement and has presented at TEDx, BBC Radio, and the United Nations. You can contact her about consulting work and public engagement via email (leor dot zmigrod at gmail dot com).
You can find her GoogleScholar here and CV here.
Leor is currently writing a popular science book, The Ideological Brain, on how ideologies coerce human brains and how minds can unchain themselves from toxic dogmas. For updates on publication dates and sneak peeks, sign up to the mailing list here.
1. Zmigrod, L. (2022). A Psychology of Ideology: Unpacking the Psychological Structure of Ideological Thinking. Perspectives on Psychological Science. doi:10.1177/17456916211044140. See paper here and preprint here.
2. Zmigrod, L. (2022). Susceptibility to violent extremism and cognitive rigidity: Registered replication, corroboration and open questions for criminological research and practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology. doi:10.1111/lcrp.12225. See paper here.
3. Zmigrod, L., & Robbins, T.W. (2022). Dopamine, Cognitive Flexibility and IQ: Epistatic COMT:DRD2 Gene-Gene Interactions Modulate Mental Rigidity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01784. See paper here and preprint here.
4. Zmigrod, L. (2022). Mental Computations of Ideological Choice and Conviction: The Utility of Integrating Psycho-Economics and Bayesian Models of Belief. Psychological Inquiry. 33:2, 107-116. See paper here or here, and preprint here.
5. Ramakrishnan, S., Robbins, T. W., & Zmigrod, L. (2022). Cognitive Rigidity, Habitual Tendencies, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Individual Differences and Compensatory Interactions. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. See paper here and preprint here.
6. Zmigrod, L., Eisenberg, I. W., Bissett, P., Robbins, T. W., & Poldrack, R.A. (2021). A Data-Driven Analysis of the Cognitive and Perceptual Attributes of Ideological Attitudes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 376: 20200424. See paper here and preprint here.
7. Zmigrod, L. & Goldenberg, A. (2021). Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions. Current Directions in Psychological Science. See paper here and preprint here.
8. Zmigrod, L. & Tsakiris, M. (2021). Computational and Neurocognitive Approaches to the Political Brain: Key Insights and Future Avenues for Political Neuroscience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 20200130. See paper here.
9. Zmigrod, L. (2021). A Neurocognitive Model of Ideological Thinking. Politics and the Life Sciences, 40(2), 224-238. See paper here and preprint here.
10. Zmigrod, L., Ebert, T., Götz, F. M., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2021). The Psychological and Socio-Political Consequences of Infectious Diseases: Authoritarianism, Governance, and Nonzoonotic (Human-to-Human) Infection Transmission. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 9(2), 456-474. See paper here and preprint here.
11. Zmigrod, L. (under review). Individual-Level Cognitive and Personality Predictors of Ideological Worldviews: The Psychological Profiles of Political, Nationalistic, Dogmatic, Religious, and Extreme Believers. doi:10.31234/osf.io/srgup. See preprint here
12. Zmigrod, L. (in press). Ideological Mind-Shaping or Brain-Shaping: Fusing Empirical Biopolitics and Political Philosophy of Mind. Journal of Philosophy of Emotion. See preprint here.
13. Gaffney, D., & Zmigrod, L. (in press). Historicising creativity: an interdisciplinary perspective between the social and natural sciences.
14. Ramakrishnan, S., Robbins, T.W., & Zmigrod, L. (2021). The Habitual Tendencies Questionnaire: A Tool for Psychometric Individual Differences Research. Personality and Mental Health. See paper here.
15. Zmigrod, L. (2020). The Role of Cognitive Rigidity in Political Ideologies: Theory, Evidence, and Future Directions. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 34, 34-39. See paper here.
16. Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P.J., & Robbins, T.W. (2020). The Partisan Mind: Is Extreme Political Partisanship Related to Cognitive Inflexibility? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 149(3), 407-418. See paper here and preprint here.
17. Rollwage, M., Zmigrod, L., De-Wit, L., Dolan, R.J., & Fleming, S.M. (2019). What Underlies Political Polarization? A Manifesto for Computational Political Psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. See paper here.
18. Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P.J., & Robbins, T.W. (2019). Cognitive Inflexibility Predicts Extremist Attitudes. Frontiers in Psychology (Special Issue: Neural Perspectives on the Moral Psychology of Violent Conflict). 10, 989. See paper here.
19. Zmigrod, L., Zmigrod, S., Rentfrow, P. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2019). The Psychological Roots of Intellectual Humility: The Role of Intelligence and Cognitive Flexibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 141, 200-208. See paper here.
20. Zmigrod, L. (2019). Cognition and religiosity: Who is most likely to believe? Quarterly Journal of the Psychology Postgraduate Affairs Group (British Psychological Society), 111, 22-24. See paper here.
21. Ebert, T., Gotz, F. M., Obschonka, M., Zmigrod, L., & Rentfrow, P. J. (2019). Regional Variation in Courage and Entrepreneurship: The Contrasting Role of Courage for the Emergence and Survival of Start‐Ups in the US. Journal of Personality. See paper here.
22. Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P.J., & Robbins, T.W. (2018). Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 201708960. See paper here.
23. Zmigrod, L., Rentfrow, P. J., Zmigrod, S., & Robbins, T. W. (2018). Cognitive flexibility and religious disbelief. Psychological Research, 1-11. See paper here.
24. Zmigrod, S., Zmigrod, L., & Hommel, B. (2018). The relevance of the irrelevant: Attentional distractor-response binding predicts performance in the Remote Associates Task. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts. See paper here.
25. Khalighinejad, N., Schurger, A., Desantis, A., Zmigrod, L., & Haggard, P. (2018). Precursor processes of human self-initiated action. NeuroImage, 165, 35-47. See paper here.
26. Zmigrod, L., Garrison, J. R., Carr, J., & Simons, J. S. (2016). The neural mechanisms of hallucinations: A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 69, 113-123. See paper here.
27. Zmigrod, L. & Zmigrod, S. (2016). On the Temporal Precision of Thought: Individual Differences in the Multisensory Temporal Binding Window Predict Performance on Verbal and Nonverbal Problem Solving Tasks. Multisensory Research, 29(8), 679-701. See paper here.
28. Zmigrod, S., Zmigrod, L., & Hommel, B. (2016). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects stimulus conflict but not response conflict. Neuroscience, 322, 320-325. See paper here.
29. Zmigrod, S. & Zmigrod, L. (2015). Zapping the gap: Reducing the multisensory temporal binding window by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Consciousness and Cognition, 35, 143-149. See paper here.
30. Zmigrod, S., Zmigrod, L., & Hommel, B. (2015). Zooming into creativity: Individual differences in attentional global-local biases are linked to creative thinking. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:1647. See paper here.
leor dot zmigrod at gmail dot com


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I can't believe how stylish Kleenex boxes are these days. Kleenex brand tissue boxes have come a long way since I was a kid. There are now so many modern colors and patterns that can match any home decor. With the new Kleenex Perfect Fits, I would honestly never even guess that it was a tissue box if I just saw one n someone's home.
I like the size of the tissue boxes. They fit, well, perfectly, in most spaces in the home. Whether it's in a basket, on the nightstand, or in the bathroom, if you havejust a few inches of space, these Kleenex cylinder-shaped boxes will sneak into pretty much anywhere!
After buying these Kleenex Perfect Fits from Sam's Club and seeing how well that they fit around the house, it got my ol' wheels to turning. If I like them so well, then may others would, as well?
I'll be expanding on this more over the next few weeks, but I've been making an effort to be more others-centered. I've been trying to think of ways to simply say "I'm thinking of you" without words. My husband visits the hospital and folks who are under the weather regularly, and my new goal is to keep things on hand to send to someone who may be sick, bereaved, or having a rough day. After being in the hospital a few times myself, I know that the tissue quality is lacking in most places. These Kleenex Perfect Fits would make a cheery addition to a hospital or nursing home room. And they would slide down easily into a large purse or carry bag.
So that's why I've designed these free printables today. I've created a set of four different ones- two with a "Get Well Soon" theme, one with a Bible verse, and one to "Just Say Hello." With the bulk buying deal at Sam's Club, I've bought a box of these, attached different printable tags to them, and I have put them back to have on hand for a quick little something to give someone who may need it.
Assembly is easy. Grab your tissue box, the free printable(s) of your choice, ribbon or string, scissors, and a hole punch.
Cut out the tag and punch a hole in the top.
Thread the ribbon or twine through the hole. Tie the twine around the Kleenex Perfect Fit to secure.
To grab your free printable, right click on the design that you want to download it to your computer. Print it off as you would any of photo, using the print settings to resize it to the needed size.
Grab these Kleenex Perfect Fit container in bulk at a Sam's Club near you but only until May 31, 2015!
I want you to be able to try out the Kleenex Perfect Fits, so I'm offering a $15 PayPal cash giveaway for you to try them out yourself! Enter using the Rafflecopter form below!


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Kingdome Hearts 3DS Mark of Mastery Edition!
A Magnetic Box with logo
3DS Game
Clear Hard Skin for your 3DS
12 Art Cards
5 AR Cards
It's nice to see when what is normally a Japanese style LE gets a US release
Read the PR after the jump!
From Square Enix:
LOS ANGELES (May 16, 2012) – Square Enix, Inc., the publisher of SQUARE ENIX® interactive entertainment products in the Americas, today announced the Mark of Mastery Edition for the North American launch of KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance]. Scheduled for release on July 31 for the Nintendo 3DS™ system, the box set will be available for $54.99.The series' first collector's edition for the North American market is housed in a KINGDOM HEARTS-branded magnetic box. It will include a copy of KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance], a branded clear hard case skin cover and 12 art cards. It also contains five augmented reality (AR) cards that allow players to unlock rare Dream Eaters such as Meowjesty, Frootz Cat and Kab Kannon, and a 360° viewing stand that allows players to take a closer look at their Dream Eaters from all angles. The Mark of Mastery Edition is an excellent opportunity for fans to commemorate the groundbreaking franchise's 10th anniversary.About KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance]In preparation for an impending threat, Sora and Riku enter the Sleeping Worlds to complete the Mark of Mastery exam. They will encounter new enemies and make new friends in worlds they have never set foot in, and if successful in their quest, they will become true Keyblade Masters. With brand-new gameplay features, worlds and creatures, KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance] continues the tradition of engaging entertainment.KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance] is rated E10+ (Everyone 10 and older). Please visit the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) website at www.esrb.org for more information about ratings.Related LinksKINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance] Official Homepage: http://na.square-enix.com/
kh3d/KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance] Official Facebook® Page: http://www.facebook.com/Follow KINGDOM HEARTS 3D [Dream Drop Distance] on Twitter®: @KINGDOMHEARTS kingdomhearts
About the KINGDOM HEARTS seriesKINGDOM HEARTS is a series of role-playing games created through the collaboration of Disney Interactive Studios and Square Enix. Since the first KINGDOM HEARTS was released in March 2002 for the PlayStation®2 system, the series has expanded with several additional entries, and has shipped over 17 million units worldwide.About Disney Interactive StudiosDisney Interactive Studios, part of Disney Interactive Media Group, is the interactive entertainment affiliate of The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS). Disney Interactive Studios self publishes and distributes a broad portfolio of multi-platform video games and interactive entertainment worldwide. The company also licenses properties and works directly with other interactive game publishers to bring products for all ages to market. Disney Interactive Studios is based in Glendale, California, and has internal development studios around the world. For more information, log on to http://www.
disneyinteractivestudios.com.About Square Enix, Inc.Square Enix, Inc. develops, publishes, distributes and licenses SQUARE ENIX®, EIDOS® and TAITO® branded entertainment content throughout the Americas as part of the Square Enix Group. The Square Enix Group operates a global network of leading development studios and boasts a valuable portfolio of intellectual property, including: FINAL FANTASY®, which has sold over 100 million units worldwide; DRAGON QUEST®, which has sold over 59 million units worldwide; TOMB RAIDER®, which has sold over 35 million units worldwide; and the legendary SPACE INVADERS®. Square Enix, Inc. is a U.S.-based, wholly-owned subsidiary of Square Enix Holdings Co., Ltd.More information on Square Enix, Inc. can be found at http://www.square-enix.com/na.


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Review: 'Dark Pleasures' by Aja James
Dark Pleasuresby Aja James
Series: Pure/Dark Ones #4
Published by Self-Published on June 15, 2018
Genres: Paranormal Romance
Format: eBook
Source: Kindle Unlimited
Purchase at Amazon
Devlin Sinclair, the New England Dark Ones' Hunter, is on a mission to track down the elusive and mysterious Medusa, perhaps the ultimate nemesis the Pure and Dark Ones have been battling in recent years.
But he can't do it alone.
Grace Darling has isolated herself from the world since a very young age, after her parents' death and because of her own social disability. Awkward and brilliant, a born sensualist, Grace agrees to a blind date that changes the course of Destiny.
She has the skills he needs.
Their chemistry is off the charts, but will she, can she, give him the love he craves?
I love the Pure/Dark Ones series by Aja James, and I was excited to read Devlin Sinclair's book finally. He's about to meet his match with Grace Darling. Devlin and Grace end up meeting on a blind date together, and their chemistry is going to be scorching.
Male Protagonist (Hero): Devlin Sinclair is the New England's Dark-Hunter, and he's one sexy hunter. I was fascinated with him the minute he was introduced.
Female Protagonist (Heroine): Grace Darling is a loner and has been isolated since her parents' death, primarily due to her social disability. She's a beautiful genius, though, and I adored her character. She may be my favorite heroine in the series (so far). Grace is one of my favorite heroines due to her personality and her intelligence. I loved how she was funny, too, even though she didn't realize she was funny.
Mission/Storyline: Devlin is determined to track down Medusa, who happens to be the biggest nemesis of the Pure/Dark Ones. He needs the help of Grace to find Medusa. Grace's job has her working with Medusa, and she has no idea until Devlin lets her into his world. The chemistry between these two characters and the storyline will have readers turning the pages. Be prepared for the twists and turns in the story too. I need to know more about the Creature, Medusa, and Ere. I also need to read Tal's story next because of what happened in this book. I won't spoil it for anyone who hasn't read this book or started the series.
Cliffhanger? Yes, and it's one that requires me to start Book 5 immediately. Dang it, Aja James! Now, I have to squeeze the next book this month. I'm slacking on reading lately due to having my kids home, but I'll hide somewhere in my house if I have to, to read the next book in this series. My kids will have to deal without mama for a while. LOL
Do I recommend reading in order? Yes, most definitely. Otherwise, you will miss out on the previous books in the series.
Do I recommend this book? Yes, I highly recommend it. If you are a fan of J.R. Ward, Christine Feehan, and Gena Showalter, then I recommend this series. Be prepared for some fantastic world-building because Aja James does an excellent job. I love her writing style and can't wait to dive into the next book.
This post contains affiliate links you can use to purchase the book. If you buy the book using that link, I will receive a small commission from the sale. It will help sponsor future giveaways but costs you nothing extra. You can read the full disclosure underneath the Privacy Policy.
- ARC Review: 'Fabulous Filthy Friend' by Gwyn McNamee - September 21, 2023
- Review: 'Miss Understood' by Eva Simmons - September 20, 2023
- Coastal Magic Convention 2024 Featured Author Spotlight: Bernadette Marie - September 19, 2023


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Below are Coming Soon listings in Richmond Heights, Missouri that are not yet available for showing but will be soon.
This is your opportunity to find out in advance about homes that are going to be available soon that may be of interest to you! Don't miss out on another home! Be the first to see a new listing! Contact us to schedule an appointment.
While these are not "non-MLS" listings, which some buyers seek out thinking there will be less competition, these are listings that are actually in the MLS however, while coming soon, cannot be shown by anyone, not even the listing agent, so it gives you advance notice of what's to come. There are also some "non-MLS' coming soon listings as well, that won't even be on the list below, if you want to know about those please contact us.
If anything is of interest to you please click the "I Want To Know More" button below to contact us and wi'll let you know the data the listing will first be available for showings and can schedule you to be one of the first to see it!
Embrace a luxurious lifestyle at the intersection of everything St. Louis has to offer. This two-story home boasts three beds, two-and-a-half baths, open-concept living s...


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Johnny Superglu
Rambo Village
Johnny Superglu - Rambo Village (12inch)
Johnny Superglu's second release on Plynt, Rambo Village is his darkest work to date, a mysterious, ethereal and hypnotic urban safari infused with the post-industrial spirit of his hometown of Charleroi, a scarred, broken landscape of crumbling steelworks and decaying iron mills.
Pressing a disparate variety of antique, analogue audio equipment into service, it's a piece of low-fi knob-twiddling shot through with the spirit of Chicago's House hey-day and iconic acid house with an instant dance floor feel.
Enter a moist world of dancing red-masked devils, driven by a hypnotic & mysterious flow that will freeze your blood.
|Plynt: Plynt015
|in stock
|€ 8,99


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The BCS National Championship game is the best process short of an actual playoff to determine the D1 national champion. Of course it is not a perfect system (see 2004) but it is so much better than what was used prior to it's founding when the champion was determined by polling sportswriters and coaches.
Before the advent of the BCS, the Associated Press's number one and two teams met in bowl games only eight times in 56 seasons. Comparatively the top two teams have met 13 consecutive times since the founding of the BCS in 1998.
Some believe that the BCS will be the catalyst to get us closer to a playoff. With the BCS format, people have gotten used to a framework that uses the bowls to pit the number one team against the number two team. That point alone has already made the old system of polling sportswriters and coaches obsolete in determining the national champion.
However, the premise for this piece is not to argue the merits of the BCS format. Like it or hate it-it is what it is. My argument is that the big four bowls should be held accountable for the way they conduct themselves on the years they host the game.
Until a bona fide playoff system may be reached in the future, bowls that are hosting the event should be judged on how well they perform in determining whether or not they are allowed to host future championship games.
I have been to a lot of big events i.e. Braves playoff games, bowl games, and national conferences were the U S President was the featured speaker. I have never been to a major event where the sponsors were more unprepared than the BCS National Championship hosted by the Fiesta Bowl.
To begin with, we had a pre paid parking pass for a designated area. We arrived early and the lots were full (they had apparently oversold the passes). We were directed to a lot a considerable distance from the stadium and past parking areas that anyone could drive up to and pay to park. We wound up in an area several blocks away from the stadium in a parking lot of mostly Oregon fans.
We made it to the stadium 2 1/2 hours before the game yet it took us two hours to get in the gates. Thousands stood, pressed body to body and could not move. I really felt sorry for an elderly couple standing close to us. Finally the crowd started chanting "Let Us In - Let Us In - Let Us In" over and over. To which the gate officials started allowing a few in at a time and then for no apparent reason they would stop the flow again and we would stand still for another length of time.
When I finally got to the perimeter gate ( similar to the gates at the fence outside Jordan-Hare) they started patting everyone down like they do random passengers at the airport, except they did it to every person going through. Then I had to step to a table and have my camera bag checked. Then to the ticket person. Now I appreciate security doing their jobs, but the frustration comes from standing for two hours without stadium personnel allowing very many if any people in the gates.
After I made it past the fence, I looked for my friend and he was still standing outside in the body jam and I had to wait awhile longer for him. Now if we had showed up an hour before the game, we would not have made kickoff.
Although the stadium had plenty of concessions stands there were not many rest rooms. Using the crowded rest rooms at Jordan-Hare at half time is nothing compared to using the facilities before kickoff at University of Phoenix stadium. I asked the security ticket checker in my section why the stadium did not have more adequate facilities. She said, "Well sir, your tickets are in the end zone and you should use the rest rooms under the end zone seats."
I went under the end zone and found that the "restrooms" she referred to were actually 18 porta-toliets. Now porta-toliets at a construction site or maybe at a county fair, I could see. But at the BCS National Championship game? I could not believe it. They did not have adequate facilities for one of the biggest sporting events in America.
When the festivities started, the PA announcer was not understandable; and only one scoreboard showed the downs, yards to go, what line the ball was on, and neither scoreboard showed the time outs left.
In addition the grass field was not rooted down and we saw a problem with the guys playing on it - even more than was visible on TV. That situation could not only affect the outcome of the game, it could be dangerous to the players as was evident with Chris Davis' injury on the opening kickoff.
Finally at 73,000 seats, the venue is too small. The seating capacity for this event should be held at a stadium with a capacity of 90,000 plus. Such a move would not only allow more people to get in to the game but would cut back on the unconscionable scalping prices at this year's event.
The new 100,000 seat (Cotton Bowl) Cowboy Stadium would be a great venue for future games. It looked like the Cotton Bowl might be in a position to place a bid two years ago until the BCS switched from FOX to ESPN. As a result, the earliest that new bids can be accepted will be in 2015. When that time arrives the BCS should look at facilities and a bowl's ablity to host a first class event as well as the financial bid of suitors.
Of course we loved being there with so many Auburn fans. It was a great experience and winning the game made it more than worthwhile. But we were surprised by the lack of facilities and preparation by the bowl committee.
It was not their first rodeo. They have NFL games in the fall, annual bowl games, and a national championship game there every four years. It's just mystifying why they were not more prepared.
In four years the game will return to Glendale. Will Glendale be ready this time?


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978 was one of only four Blackbirds to carry an individual nickname (she was also known as the "Rapid Rabbit" because of the Playboy logo she sported on both rudders throughout most of her career).
|The "Rapid Rabbit" refueling from KC-135Q tanker #58-0129 - USAF photo by SSgt Joe Ramirez via John Stone
|Another photo from the above flight, this time in color. This tanker, #58-0129, is still flying; it is assigned to the 127th Wing at Selfridge ANG base in Michigan - USAF photo by SSgt Joe Ramirez
|978 on the ramp at Udorn AFB, where Sgt. Jim Geddes took this photo after Tom Pugh and Ron Rice made a forced landing on Monday, May 15, 1972, due to double generator failure.
She was lost on Thursday, July 20, 1972, while attempting to land at Kadena AFB during extreme crosswinds. The braking parachute failed to slow the aircraft, forcing pilot Denny Bush to turn the landing attempt into a touch-and-go and try for a second go-round. He released the chute, took off, and attempted another landing.
Normally the braking chute is used for all landings to assist in slowing the aircraft, although under good conditions the brakes can do the job themselves without the assist. Having an extremely long runway (or dry lakebed like at Edwards AFB) for such landings doesn't hurt either.
However, the chute becomes extremely important during high-speed landings -- even with empty fuel tanks, the blackbird still weighs more than 2 fully-loaded dump trucks; she has almost no drag due to her low profile; and because of the high temperature imparted during flight, her brakes lose efficiency and have difficulty stopping her completely when landing at high speeds (which are necessary when landing with high crosswinds).
In other words, she was doomed.
On the second attempt, Bush could not slow the aircraft down in time and she ran off the end of the runway, breaking the main landing gear and damaging more than just the paint on her underside. He and his RSO Jimmy Fagg escaped serious injury, but 978 was a total loss. She was buried under a berm at the end of the runway, which is called "Habu Mountain" or "Habu Hill" depending on who you ask.
The next Blackbird accident would not occur for another 18 years (see #974). Part of the Rapid Rabbit lives on in 975's left rudder. Click on the photo below for the whole story.
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Copyright © 1998-2013 Habu.Org


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Welcome to the webpage of the Inter-Fraternity Council Judiciary Committee (IFCJC), the judicial body of the IFC.
The IFCJC is the student self-governed body with the authority to adjudicate cases involving violations of the IFC Standards of Conduct by the 32 IFC fraternities. The committee is comprised of student support officers who act as investigators, counselors, and judges, investigating alleged cases of fraternity misconduct, representing the parties involved, and hearing the cases in trial, respectively. Leading the IFCJC are the eight Executive Committee members who act as trial chairmen and lead the support officer pools. Anyone can file a complaint with the IFCJC.
Last updated March 27, 2021.
The table below presents IFCJC case statistics for the period from August 1, 2020, to March 27, 2021:
|Case Item
|Number of chapters reported
|Cases heard in trial
|" involving COVID-19 policy
|Cases heard in hearing panel
|" involving COVID-19 policy
|Pending cases
As student organizations at the University of Virginia, IFC fraternity chapters are also subject to adjudication by the University Judiciary Committee. UJC statistics can be found at ujc.virginia.edu.
View/download pdfs:
- Judiciary Committee Standards & Procedures
- IFC Standards of Conduct
- IFC Standards for Parties and Social Events
- IFC Rush Regulation
The IFC expects its members not only to uphold the central tenets of fraternal organizations—scholarship, leadership, service, and brotherhood—but to act with excellence in conduct, exercising accountability and responsibility. The IFCJC serves to support this goal and to maintain the health of our community. Please direct any questions regarding the website, alleged fraternity misconduct, or other relevant concerns to Eli Blaufuss, Vice President for Judiciary.


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I love making crochet bags but one of the sticking points for me has always been the lining. My sewing skills, which were never very advanced, haven't been put into practice for years until recently. Getting to grips with the different lining methods has really been a struggle for each bag but every time I do make a lining, I do improve.
Recently I've started to experiment with sewing bags out of fabric. There are so many tutorials online, either on blogs or on YouTube that you can find out how to make things step-by-step without going to a formal class. I've tried out several and while they are very good, my efforts haven't turned out exactly the same as the ones in the beautifully styled photos and there is no-one to comment on why.
I have been to some local classes too and the quality of them is very patchy. The cost doesn't always correlate with the quality of the teaching, and committing to a weekly or twice monthly class also requires time, usually travelling a fair number of miles, and buying lots of supplies, usually from the shop attached to the class.
But, to make progress I think you have to try lots of different ways of learning until you find something that suits you.
Sewing bags using YouTube tutorials
In the last few weeks I've discovered Debbie Shore tutorials on YouTube. Not only are her videos really good, she seems to be very into sewing bags! The first bag I made using one of her free classes was this drawstring project bag. The tutorial was on making this bag as a present bag for Christmas but it works really well for small knitting or crochet projects – or just 'stuff'.
Its not a terrific picture but its the one I took the minute after I finished it! Its lined and strengthened with a bit of interfacing and the channel for the drawstring is sewn onto the bag. I like the way the two fabrics coordinate (both were bought ages ago for bag linings and never used) and the ribbon colour is good. But I think the ribbon is too wide and I might change this to a cotton cord (when I get round to it…).
Sewing bags at a real live class
One of the reasons that I made it was to get back into using my sewing machine as I was going to a local class to make a much more complex project bag. This was in the evening a few weeks ago and while the teacher was excellent, the class turned out not to be anywhere near long enough to complete the bag. In fact, we managed to cut the pieces out and then just sew up the pockets.
The idea of having to drive back the following week (a round trip of 40 miles) and pay again didn't really go down to well with some of us in the class but the tutor was willing to describe the process of making the bag and I took a video so that we would have some clues afterwards. The weekend following was an all-day crafting session at a group that I go to sometimes over in Ackworth, near Pontefract and I also invited one of the friends who had been to the class with me to come over so that we could puzzle through the rest of the bag together.
All in all, finishing the bag took another 6 hours, so I'm glad I was able to do it without further teaching – that would be have 3 more evening classes!
The finished result is not perfect by any means. The instructions for the class were to choose two fabrics but I hadn't seen a picture of the bag and took two patterned ones. It was obvious that the bag worked a lot better with one of the fabrics completely plain, so I made an emergency purchase of a duvet cover at the charity shop opposite where we go to the Crochet and Chat group in Selby on a Wednesday morning. The green, plain cover was just the job.
The bag is very roomy and has pockets all around the outside, with the handles sewn around the bottom for added strength. Its lined with thick wadding and a plastic base, so its going to be really useful. I didn't do the pockets inside as instructed – but they turned out OK and with divisions perfect for crochet hooks.
Getting a bit more experimental
Having made these two bags and feeling more confident with my ageing sewing machine, I decided to have a go at an over-the-wrist project bag. I've seen a lot of these and they look really handy for holding your yarn while you work on a project. It also tucks easily into another bag, so you can take it out with you, making it a perfect project bag for carrying a project 'just in case' you are held up, stuck in a waiting room, sitting and having a cuppa in a cafe.
I'd had these fabrics for ages and thought it would be good to use them to have a go using a combo of a few different tutorials I'd found.
I cut out the main fabric to a size that was a bit bigger than the tutorials had suggested – but crocheters need more space in project bags I think as we tend to use more yarn, and use it more quickly. Again the result isn't perfect as I didn't get the curve on the opposite sides exactly the same but I love the pocket and the pocket flap. Next time I'll use some interfacing. I meant to in this bag, but I sewed most of it at the Ackworth group and had stupidly forgotten to take any interfacing with me.
More plans for sewing bags
When I went to Leeds last week, one of the goals that I had was to buy some more, really nice fabric to use in more bags now that I've got a bit better. I want to practice making the over-the-wrist bag and maybe do my own templates in different sizes. I've got some stash material to do that then I want to make some really nice ones.
The two shops we visited in Leeds had a fantastic selection – you can find out more about them in the blog post on my birthday outing. Here is a quick peek of the B&M fabric store, which was just fabric heaven…
From there, I purchased these fabrics:
The plain ones are just fat quarters but I bought a metre length of each of the other three.
And this was my absolute find of the day – it would be perfect for the lining of a Frida Kahlo inspired Friday's flowers bag.
Moving on from there, Samuel Taylors also had a very good selection and I bought more from there, only because it was already cut into metre lengths and it was easier to get carried away!
I love all of these but my favourite? The little swimming fishes!
I haven't managed to do anything with any of the fabrics as yet – to be honest, its quite nice just looking at them piled up and thinking about arranging my shelves so that I can display them until I get enough free time to do a bit of sewing. This time of the year just seems to be so busy – the day job gets busy and I seem to have done a lot of gadding about and retail therapy recently, but no Christmas shopping… And I'm planning the next edition of the podcast and another Etsy shop update. At least if I get the fabrics on display, they will be a constant reminder and an inspiration so I will be getting on with using them soon.


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The Israel Defense Ministry released a strong statement in direct response to President Obama's contention that Israel now acknowledges the benefits of the nuclear deal with Iran, comparing the deal to the failed Munich pact with the Nazis prior to World War II.
"The Israeli defense establishment believes that agreements have value only if they are based on an existing reality, and that they have no value if the facts on the ground are completely the opposite of on which an agreement is based on," the Ministry said.
While praising the US deal with Iran, Obama had claimed that the "Israeli military and security community acknowledges this has been a game changer, the country that was most opposed to the deal."
The Defense Ministry said that "the Munich agreement did not prevent the Second World War and the Holocaust precisely because their basic assumption, that Nazi Germany could be a partner to any kind of agreement, was wrong, and because the leaders of the world at that time ignored the explicit statements by Hitler and the rest of the leaders of Nazi Germany.
"Hence, the defense establishment, like the rest of the Israeli people and many in the world, understands that agreements of this kind signed between the world powers and Iran are not helpful, but only harm the uncompromising struggle that must be undertaken against a terrorist state like Iran."


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#fashion #Resort2015
The Balenciaga Resort 2015 Collection, presented on June 4, 2014 in New York City.
Alexander Wang is killing it at Balenciaga. This is better than his signature label's Resort 2015 collection.
To see the complete Balenciaga Resort 2015 Collection, click "READ MORE" below.
Balenciaga creative director, Alexander Wang.
♥ Nicola Loves it @ Balenciaga ♥
Monday, September 01, 2014
The Collections: Balenciaga Resort 2015
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Hello everyone, welcome back! I hope you all are doing well. Thank you for your continued support towards my content. On today's post, I will be sharing how I created this Iridescent eye look. It will be a short fun post, but first if you haven't yet subscribed to my blog, kindly hit the menu button above, fill out your email address and let's stay connected.
Getting ready for a photoshoot, and I decided to create this Iridescent eye look for my outfit. If you missed that post, you can check it out HERE and it was a perfect look for that outfit.
In creating this look, I used the Makeup Revolution X Patricia Bright Rich In Colour Eyeshadow Palette in shades Birthday Cake & Reckless. I used birthday cake for my base and reckless for my inner and outer crease.
I love how it has pink undertone, purple and grey! That is the effect of an iridescent look. It is a combination of various colors that are visible from different angles. It also has little shimmer to bring out the glow in all three colors.
I also used a blush with an iridescent effect, to help accentuate the eye look. You can see the blush has silver, grey, & a purple undertone. That was such a perfect combination right there.
I hope you did enjoy this blog post, don't forget to subscribe with your email address as you kindly leave your comments and suggestions. XoXo Joy.


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Commercial Law Development Program (CLDP)
About Commercial Law Development Program
The Commercial Law Development Program (CLDP) improves the legal environment for business worldwide. Established in 1992, CLDP is a division of the US Department of Commerce Office of General Counsel that strives to achieve US foreign policy goals in developing and post-conflict countries through commercial legal reforms. CLDP's unique government-to-government technical assistance draws upon highly-experienced regulators, judges, policymakers, business leaders and attorneys from both the public and private sectors to deliver results that make meaningful and lasting changes to the legal and judicial environments of host countries.
Office Description
CLDP's mission is to improve the legal environment for doing business in developing and transitional countries around the globe and thereby foster greater political stability and economic opportunity for local entrepreneurs and US companies alike. CLDP serves as a resource for federal agencies, US businesses, foreign governments and foreign businesses by organizing seminars, workshops, and conferences and by providing training consultations in the US and other countries for foreign delegations. CLDP attorneys, resident advisors, program specialists and administrative personnel are multicultural and have expertise in international business, commercial law, trade relations and development assistance. When designing and implementing programs, CLDP also draws on expertise from various US Government agencies, multilateral and international organizations, educational institutions and the private sector.
Key Areas of Expertise:
- Commerce
- Customs
- Intellectual Property Rights
- Standards
- Trade
- Transparency & Governance


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Through the Law we get the knowledge of good & evil. It causes us to focus on ourselves and our performance. From self-judgement we determine if we have been good (the fruit being self-righteousness) or evil (the fruit being guilt & condemnation).
It will point a humble heart to the need of a Savior.
Here are 42 scriptures that show why Christians are not under the law:
1. The law cannot justify you from all things. (Acts 13:39)
2. The law required physical circumcision of all males. (Acts 15:1,24)
3. The law is an unbearable yoke. (Acts 15:10)
4. Whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law. (Romans 3:19)
5. The law exposes sin, but can't bring justification. (Romans 3:20)
6. If the law worked faith would be void and the promises of no effect. (Romans 4:14)
7. The law brings wrath. (Romans 4:15)
8. The law entered so that sin would increase. (Romans 5:20)
9. Christians are not under the law. (Romans 6:14)
10.Christians are dead to the law. (Romans 7:4)
11.Christians have been delivered from the law (Romans 7:6)
12.The law is just, holy, good & promises life but only brings death. (Romans 7:10-12)13. 13.The law makes you sinful beyond measure. (Romans 7:13)
14. The law is the law of sin and death. (Romans 8:2)
15. The law is weak. (Romans 8:3)
16. Love fulfilled the law, (Romans 13:10)
17. The law is of works, not of faith. (Romans 9:32)
18. The strength of sin is the law. (1 Corinthians 15:56)
19. The law is a ministry of death. (2 Corinthians 3:7)
20. The law is a ministry of condemnation. (2 Corinthians 3:9)
21. The law has no glory compared to the New Covenant (2 Corinthians 3:10)
22. The law is passing away. (2 Corinthians 3:11)
23. When the law is preached it produces a hardening veil. (2 Cor 3:14-15)
24. The law justifies nobody. (Galatians 2:16)
25. Christians are dead to the law. (Galatians 2:19)
26. The law frustrates grace. (Galatians 2:21)
27. To go back to the law after embracing faith is "stupid". (Galatians 3:1)
28. The law curses all who practice it and fail to do it perfectly. (Galatians 3:10)
29. The law has nothing to do with faith. (Galatians 3:11-12)
30. The law was the curse that Christ redeemed us from. (Galatians 3:13)
31. The law was temporary from Moses till Christ. (Gal.3:16&19, Matt.11:12-13)
32. If the law worked God would have used it to save us. (Galatians 3:21)
33. The law was our prison. (Galatians 3:23)
34. The law makes you a slave. (Galatians 4:24)
35. Christ has abolished the law which was a wall of hostility. (Ephesians 2:15)
36. Paul considered everything the law gained him as rubbish. (Philippians 3:4-8)
37. The law is only good if used lawfully, to show need for a savior (1 Timothy 1:8)
38. It was made for the unrighteous but not for the righteous. (1 Timothy 1:9-10)
39. The law is weak, useless and makes nothing perfect. (Hebrews 7:18-19)
40. God found fault & created a better covenant, on better promises. (Hebrews 8:7-8)
41. It is obsolete, growing old and ready to vanish. (Hebrews 8:13)
42. It is only a shadow of good things & will never make someone perfect. (Heb. 10:1)
"For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death" (Rom. 8:2)
About this blog:
These are articles that I find of interest.
March 2023


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According to UAE law, you need to have car insurance before you can drive on the streets. Therefore, it is essential that you obtain car insurance before you start revving your engine. After all, it is car insurance that is going to protect you when the unexpected happens; failure to get car insurance can put you in an awful place.
From the rules surrounding driver's licenses to the importance of using a site that compares car insurance in Dubai, read on for the three things you need to remember about car insurance in UAE.
1. First, you need to have a driver's license.
Before you can get car insurance, you need to have a valid driver's license. In the UAE, to obtain a driver's license, you need to be a resident with a valid visa. Then, you can go to a registered driving institute in the relevant emirate for your driving classes. The requirements are slightly different between Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
However, if you have a driver's license from another country, you can usually use this to make the process quicker and easier. For many countries, you are allowed to transfer your current driving license to a UAE driving license. Keep in mind that you will still need to be within accordance with UAE approved terms and conditions.
The minimum age requirement for a license in the UAE is as follows:
- 17 years of age to drive motorcycles
- 18 years of age to drive cars and light vehicles
- 20 years of age to drive heavy vehicles and tractors
- 21 years of age to drive buses
For UAE and GCC citizens, licenses are valid for 10 years. For expats 21 years old and over, licenses are valid for five years.
2. There are two options for car insurance in UAE.
Before you commit to anything, you want to ensure that you understand the different types of insurance that are available to you. In the UAE, there are two options for car insurance: third party liability and fully comprehensive.
Third-party liability is the minimum cover required by UAE Law. It provides coverage against death or bodily injury to any third party and any damage to their vehicles. However, it won't cover repairs to your car, personal medical expenses, or theft. Therefore, this one typically has a lower premium than comprehensive insurance.
Comprehensive cover is the highest level of protection as it includes Third Party Liability, which protects you from a third party's submitted legal claims in situations wherein the accident is believed to be of your doing. It goes further and also guards/compensates you against damages to your own materials, vehicles, and property, as well as the driver's or any passenger's injuries or death, even if the accident was deemed to be your fault.
Additionally, some insurance companies also offer off-road insurance due to the popularity of dune bashing and off-roading activities in the Emirates. This coverage option also gives protection from all accidents that happen off-road.
A no claims discount is a conditional discount that an insurance company may elect to offer you depending on your driving history and how long you have been driving without claims. Usually, you will have to provide a No Claims Certificate from your previous insurer(s) to verify your request.
3. Not all car insurance companies are created equal.
Due to the rapid growth of the automotive industry in the UAE, there are more options for car insurance companies than ever before. For this reason, it can be extremely overwhelming to decide which is the best choice for you. Therefore, it is highly suggested that you use a reputable online insurance comparison site that can help you in your search. Plus, it will help save you time, energy, and resources because they will sort out the options for you.
By utilizing a tool such as this, you will be in a much better position to find the best car insurance deals as you will be able to quickly compare the packages that companies offer. This way, you can tell which one suits your needs the best.
It is essential to keep in mind that not all car insurance companies are designed the same, so you don't want to just go for the cheapest rates. After all, car insurance is a crucial thing to have, so you must get an option that covers you for potential medical costs and protects you from possible financial liability.
That being said, even when you do have car insurance, you shouldn't engage in reckless driving. Even with insurance, specific stipulations will null your insurance policy (driving under the influence or without a license, creating intentional damage, presenting misleading information, or making unethical use of a vehicle).
Do you have any experience (good or bad) with getting car insurance in the UAE? Do you have any tips or advice to share with other readers? Let us know your insights and any relevant stories in the comments below!
Erin Daniyel is the VP for Revenue Operations at Rubicon Project and spokesperson for Compare Dubai, an online comparison portal which provides customers with a one-stop platform to compare insurance quotes offered within the UAE. Compare Dubai delivers quotations from a number of insurance providers covering a range of products, from Car Insurance to Motorbike, Yacht and Boat, Medical, Life, Business, Pet and Home Insurance.


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Its cyclonic design keeps it from clogging and breaking, an unfortunate side-effect that occasionally takes place when attempting to suck up huge amounts of pet hair. It has continuous suction until the canister reaches the max fill line at which point emptying the contents is an easy, 1-touch job. Its attachments, HEPA filtration and easy-to-roll building make it the clear winner for those wanting to invest.
Meat grinder can be utterly advantageous in your home. You can buy a little, medium or significant meat grinder as per your desires and can have an experience how it tends to make your life simple. If you get a industrial meat grinder, you are in a position to set aside a lot of dollars too. On the other hand possibly, you may perhaps call for it only if you want a lot of pounded meat often. For average necessity, a moderate-sized meat grinder can also perform. You could take care of some points at the time of acquiring yourself the grinder.
A different pretty critical aspect to be cautious about is that the grinder have to be straightforward to clean. Normally a metallic grinder is more comfy to wash than that created of plastic. Nonetheless in plastic grinders also, if you opt for with caution, you can pick out a good sturdy and quickly cleanable meat grinder. These days a fine meat grinder is out-fitted with a reverse crucial, which is valuable to clean the blades in which meat is typically tangled and becomes troublesome to get rid of.
It is constantly far better to utilize the all-natural offerings of fruits and vegetables, as it can have far more nutrients compared to those packed juice drinks readily out there in markets. With this equipment, persons can extract all the essential nutrients from the fruits and vegetables. Also, people today ought to know that they can actually have the rewards they wanted to have with the use of this gear.
In current years, vacuums have been created lighter, bagless, and gotten robust adequate to detect and eliminate deep down dirt. But, no matter how powerful these vacuums are for grabbing the dirt that is fallen off the soles of your shoes or out of your hanging planter, they are no match for the pet hair that is left behind. This short article highlights the most potent models that have been recognized as a finest vacuum for pet hair.
Read Also – ellis mystery shopping
When a meat grinder is utilized in homes, it is handy and relieving to examine what are the elements of the crushed meat, which you are not able to do when you obtain previously crushed meat from the shop. Because you yourself have crushed it, you are fairly confident and at ease that the food you and your close friends and family eat is harmless. You can even limit the fats, salts, and so on you typically take in. And using these grinders you are able to create a wide variety in your usual meal, like sandwiches, appetizers or soups. And it is not required that you have to grind exclusively meat in these grinders you can crush vegetables as well.
If you like to choose a industrial meat grinder, it will finish your a number of jobs. There is no difficulty in fitting it also. You can merely plug it in and bring it into use. A industrial meat grinder has higher-intensity power source, which tends to make the task extra comfy and much more efficient, so that you can be pleased about your kitchen. Juicer machines can definitely offer positive aspects for folks when it comes into their wellness. Compared to juice drinks that are readily available in stores, the juice that is extracted from this machine is obtained from real fresh fruits. Not only can it present juice drinks from fruits, it can also supply juices made from vegetables.
Even though it really is price tag is higher than any other vacuum in its class, the style, capabilities and functionality of the Dyson DC25 Animal Vacuum are hard to match. The $549 is a tiny scary for those who have by no means made use of a Dyson, but this vacuum is constructed to final and run like new for a long time to come. This Bissel doesn't just tackle pet hair, it requires on the air good quality of your house. The AireTight HEPA filter traps one hundred % of allergens in the air and the MicroBan Antimicrobial Protection inside the vacuum fights mold, mildew and bacteria producing it additional of an all about answer than the other people.
Furthermore, the finest factor about this product is that they are readily available in quite a few on the net stores. Some of these on line shops can give discounts in their items so individuals should really take their time acquiring the greatest website that can supply them best deal. These grinders are a lot tough-wearing and sturdy. They can even mince firm meat. You can also appear for the warranty. When you seek the warranty with the solution, you can be assured that the product will endure and if by any likelihood, it goes out of order, you can have it mended absolutely free of charge in the warranty period. But for this, you have to retain the warranty card cautiously.
Moving back up the price ranks is Bissell's Healthy Home Vacuum.
This Christmas season, juicer machines can actually present enable for individuals. It can assistance them to keep the good quality if their overall health via the help of distinct juices they can get when they use this product. With a pretty reasonable value, folks can get pleasure from this and at the identical time, they can promote the levels of their healthier in all-natural strategies. Initially issue to see is that you acquire a grinder which gives lots of valuable extra devices. Just about all meat grinders have An instrument to drive the meat in the cutting edges is specifically of use. Additionally, it will be proved an advantageous purchase, if you can get additional tools such as sausage makers, cooking booklet, and so on.
Also, this comes in reasonable rates so men and women can purchase it without possessing a doubt with its excellent. It has some of the world's most sophisticated technology when it comes in juicer machines. So persons can have the assurance that they are finding the top good quality product that can have health positive aspects from them. Regardless of not obtaining the identical following as the Dyson, the Kenmore Progressive Upright Vacuum performs with some of the very same power that makes the Dyson such a favourite. Additional securing Kenmore's spot on this list is its overall performance in a excellent test where it beat out 65 other vacuums for the top slot.
Read Also – shopping cart logo
Moving back up the price ranks is Bissell's Healthful Residence Vacuum. This machine has been touted as obtaining the exact same energy as the Dyson and even though it costs extra than the Kenmore, it is still significantly significantly less than a Dyson. At only about $280, the Kenmore is a lot more reasonably priced for these who can't afford to invest in the Dyson. It also features Kenmore's Inteli-Clean system which adjusts the energy of the suction to match the desires of the soil and the surface.
Due to owning the meat grinder, you receive several openings to make tasty foods and pleasantly surprise your close to and dear ones. With the enable of the grinder, you obtain plenty of meat crushed simply in a quick time. You can put it on auto solution and do other crucial arrangements for the cuisine or prepare anything completely unique. In this way it tends to make you relax. This gear is constructed to serve every individual in having the most amazing juices that they can ever have in order to maximize their well being in a constructive way. It comes in numerous types and capacities in order to serve every person's preferences.
Waco Shopping – There is no difficulty in fitting it as well. You can merely plug it in and bring it into use. A further very vital aspect to be careful about is that the grinder ought to be easy to clean.


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|Canadian Lynx
(Lynx canadensis)
|The Canadian and Eurasian lynx are both Least Concern, however the Iberian (or Spanish) lynx is Endangered. The population in estimated at 1200 in Spain and 100 in Portugal. They could decline 20 percent in the next 10 years due to habitat loss and reduced numbers of their main prey species, the European rabbit. The Canadian lynx is becoming very rare in the northern United States due to hunting, habitat destruction, and competition with the more aggressive bobcat. The Canadian lynx is smaller than the Eurasian (aka Siberian) and more gray in coloration. Also highly dependent on rabbits, lynx populations closely follow those of rabbits. The Eurasian, Iberian, and Canadian lynxes are separate species, not subspecies.
|Canadian Lynx at EFBC/FCC
|Female, arrived here June 22 2017 at 13 months old from Montreal Biodome with sister Thelma
More Photos:
Arrivals 2017
|Female, arrived here June 22 2017 at 13 months old from Montreal Biodome with sister Louise
More Photos:
Arrivals 2017


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Local literary publisher Graywolf Press is marking their 45th anniversary this year, and they're celebrating the occasion with a Graywolf Literary Gala this Thursday, September 26th from 6:30 – 9:30 PM at Aria in Minneapolis, MN. This event will feature some of Graywolf's biggest literary stars, including Eula Biss (On Immunity; Notes from No Man's Land), Maggie Nelson (The Argonauts; The Red Parts), and Claudia Rankine (Citizen; The White Card), with introductions by Danez Smith (Don't Call Us Dead). The event includes a gourmet appetizer and cocktail reception, followed by a seated program with wine, cheese, and dessert.
Tickets for the event start at $275, but Graywolf is offering two free tickets to the event to Black Market Reads listeners! To enter, simply email Black Market Reads producer Edie French at email@example.com. The first person to reply will receive a ticket for themselves and a guest! Entries close at 5:00 PM on Tuesday, September 24.
About Graywolf Press
For more information about Graywolf and the Graywolf Literary Gala, visit graywolfpress.org/events.
Graywolf Press is a leading independent publisher committed to the discovery and energetic publication of twenty-first century American and international literature. We champion outstanding writers at all stages of their careers to ensure that adventurous readers can find underrepresented and diverse voices in a crowded marketplace.


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Static Asset Handling
- Related: Public Base Path
- Related:
assetsIncludeconfig option
Importing Asset as URL
Importing a static asset will return the resolved public URL when it is served:
import imgUrl from './img.png'
document.getElementById('hero-img').src = imgUrl
For example,
imgUrl will be
/img.png during development, and become
/assets/img.2d8efhg.png in the production build.
The behavior is similar to webpack's
file-loader. The difference is that the import can be either using absolute public paths (based on project root during dev) or relative paths.
url()references in CSS are handled the same way.
If using the Vue plugin, asset references in Vue SFC templates are automatically converted into imports.
Common image, media, and font filetypes are detected as assets automatically. You can extend the internal list using the
Referenced assets are included as part of the build assets graph, will get hashed file names, and can be processed by plugins for optimization.
Assets smaller in bytes than the
assetsInlineLimitoption will be inlined as base64 data URLs.
Git LFS placeholders are automatically excluded from inlining because they do not contain the content of the file they represent. To get inlining, make sure to download the file contents via Git LFS before building.
Explicit URL Imports
Assets that are not included in the internal list or in
assetsInclude, can be explicitly imported as a URL using the
?url suffix. This is useful, for example, to import Houdini Paint Worklets.
import workletURL from 'extra-scalloped-border/worklet.js?url'
Importing Asset as String
Assets can be imported as strings using the
?raw suffix.
import shaderString from './shader.glsl?raw'
Importing Script as a Worker
Scripts can be imported as web workers with the
?worker or
?sharedworker suffix.
// Separate chunk in the production build
import Worker from './shader.js?worker'
const worker = new Worker()
// sharedworker
import SharedWorker from './shader.js?sharedworker'
const sharedWorker = new SharedWorker()
// Inlined as base64 strings
import InlineWorker from './shader.js?worker&inline'
Check out the Web Worker section for more details.
public Directory
If you have assets that are:
- Never referenced in source code (e.g.
- Must retain the exact same file name (without hashing)
- ...or you simply don't want to have to import an asset first just to get its URL
Then you can place the asset in a special
public directory under your project root. Assets in this directory will be served at root path
/ during dev, and copied to the root of the dist directory as-is.
The directory defaults to
<root>/public, but can be configured via the
publicDir option.
Note that:
- You should always reference
publicassets using root absolute path - for example,
public/icon.pngshould be referenced in source code as
- Assets in
publiccannot be imported from JavaScript.
new URL(url, i
const imgUrl = new URL('./img.png', import.meta.url).href
document.getElementById('hero-img').src = imgUrl
This works natively in modern browsers - in fact, Vite doesn't need to process this code at all during development!
This pattern also supports dynamic URLs via template literals:
function getImageUrl(name) {
return new URL(`./dir/${name}.png`, import.meta.url).href
During the production build, Vite will perform necessary transforms so that the URLs still point to the correct location even after bundling and asset hashing. However, the URL string must be static so it can be analyzed, otherwise the code will be left as is, which can cause runtime errors if
build.target does not support
// Vite will not transform this
const imgUrl = new URL(imagePath, import.meta.url).href
Does not work with SSR
This pattern does not work if you are using Vite for Server-Side Rendering, because
i have different semantics in browsers vs. Node.js. The server bundle also cannot determine the client host URL ahead of time.