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Letter writing is one of the most important skills a lawyer can develop, since we are writing letters (or something resembling them) basically every day of our professional lives.
This is part of my series on communication techniques, where I started with a look at effective techniques for interviewing clients.
Today we're moving away from the scary face to face stuff and into the things that lawyers think they're really good at – writing letters.
Communication Techniques for Effective Legal Drafting
So why bother? I mean, surely the 35 seconds you spent on "plain English drafting" at university is sufficient, right?
And yet, every young lawyer that proudly brings a letter into my office for the first time watches with a look of horror on their face as I line through and rephrase a lot of it.
Of course, we've got to acknowledge the fact that there are as many writing styles as there are lawyers, and that although some aspects of letter writing are clear, others are more nuanced and subtle. Therefore an element of subjectivity necessarily intrudes on the process.
But since this is my website…
1 – Less is More
I'm sorry I wrote you such a long letter; I didn't have time to write a short one (Blaise Pascal, or Mark Twain – depending on who you read)
We write overly long sentences, paragraphs and letters. The appropriate length of any element of a letter is, of course, subjective. In this blog I use a less formal style and I have a different approach to what I might use in a letter. As a result, some of my sentences are longer (due to asides like this) than they might be in a written advice.
A devotion to succinct letter drafting will force you to:
- get a grip on what's really needed;
- hone your point better; and
- use clear language.
2 – Clarity of Purpose
Before you start drafting something, understand its point. Are you advising, demanding, berating, questioning, enclosing or a combination of the above?
Without this, a large number of words will end up on the page with very little point.
3 – Knowledge of Client
The best communication technique for any given client is the one that they prefer you to use.
Some clients like less detail, some more. Some like citations, others don't. Some will follow your advice due to trust, and others want to see you've considered every option.
It's not a case of "one size fits all" in legal drafting – you have to consider the qualities and characteristics of your audience. If you're working in the dark here and can't get any more information, then assume you are writing to a person of average intelligence, average education, and average experience (pure statistics mean you will get closest by doing this).
4 – Appropriate Words
This goes hand in hand with knowledge of client, but we need to avoid trying to sound clever just for the sake of it.
The role of the solicitor is frequently to boil complex issues down to simple explanations. If your explanations aren't simple, then you might as well have just sent your research file to the client and not bothered writing your letter.
That said, I'm not totally against using proper (I say proper – other people say "stupid") language. As a result I sometimes use complex (albeit legitimate) words in my letters that others think are over the top. Having another person read your correspondence is a good temperature check for this kind of thing – while I don't want to lower the bar in my writing, if others think it sounds to snooty then I've done something wrong.
5 – Redundant Phrases are Redundantly Redundant
Tell me if any of these sound familiar:
- "We refer to previous correspondence"
- "We note that…"
- "We advise that…"
We have a collection of nifty little phrases in the legal profession that don't really have any meaning but are used as a fallback position when we don't know what to say.
Don't know how to start your letter? Fear not – you can just refer to "previous correspondence".
If you want to just state a fact – that's OK, you can "note that…"
Afraid of just expressing an opinion? That's fine, you can always "advise that…"
None of these phrases do or mean anything, of course – it's just our way of sounding important.
6 – Latin… seriously?
Don't use Latin in letters to clients.
7 – Personality Mismatch
Many lawyers are fairly affable. We speak to people easily and freely, and we communicate our points fairly well in conference.
Yet, when it comes time to write things down, we go all formal and boring sounding. Our points become lost in a haze of complexity.
Here's my theory why:
- you haven't been trained to speak – so you do it naturally;
- you have been trained (whether you know it or not) to write – and so you do it unnaturally.
You've been speaking to people for a long time, and so you're probably pretty good at it. But your writing comes from your legal education, which has focused on the consumption of legal papers and cases, together with the writing of academic works. Neither of those things bears any resemblance to how you really communicate.
The result is that your letters don't "sound like you".
If you can read your draft letter and think "I could say this out aloud and not sound stupid" then you're on the right track.
Of course, some things don't translate to writing that well and a few phrases might need to change here or there – but try to stay authentic and have your own voice, rather than writing like you think you are supposed to be.
More Communication Techniques for Letters
Of course there are plenty more techniques you can use to utilise beyond those I've mentioned about. Executive summaries, dot points/numbering, graphics and many more can make an appearance. But if you keep the core communication techniques above in the forefront of your mind, you'll be fine to get the rest in order over time.
Happy lawyering!


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subset: commoncrawl


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Published alkenone ε p records spanning known glacial pCO 2 cycles show considerably less variability than predicted by the diffusive model for cellular carbon acquisition and isotope fractionation. We suggest this pattern is consistent with a systematic cellular enhancement of the carbon supply to photosynthesis via carbon concentrating mechanisms under the case of carbon limitation during low pCO 2 glacial time periods, an effect also manifest under carbon limitation in experimental cultures of coccolithophores as well as diatoms. While the low-amplitude ε p signal over glacial pCO 2 cycles has led some to question the reliability of ε p for reconstructing long-term pCO 2 , the [CO 2 ] aq in the tropical oceans during glacial pCO 2 minima represents the most extreme low CO 2 conditions likely experienced by phytoplankton in the Cenozoic, and the strongest upregulation of carbon concentrating mechanisms. Using a statistical multilinear regression model, we quantitatively parse out the factors (namely light, growth rate, and [CO 2 ] aq ), that contribute to variation in ε p in alkenone-producing algae, which confirms a much smaller dependence of ε p on [CO 2 ] aq in the low [CO 2 ] aq range, than inferred from the hyperbolic form of the diffusive model. Application of the new statistical model to two published tropical ε p records spanning the late Neogene produces much more dynamic pCO 2 estimates than the conventional diffusive model and reveals a significant pCO 2 decline over the last 15 Ma, which is broadly consistent with recent results from boron isotopes of foraminifera. The stable isotopic fractionation between coccolith calcite and seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (here Δ coccolith-DIC ) also shows systematic variations over glacial-interglacial cycles which may, following future experimental constraints, help estimate the degree of upregulation of parts of the algal carbon concentrating mechanism over glacial cycles.
|Original language
|Pages (from-to)
|Number of pages
|Quaternary Science Reviews
|Publication status
|Published - 15 Mar 2019


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Kevin Clash denies the charges, which were first made in June. The alleged partner is now in his mid-20s.
Sesame Workshop said its investigation found the allegation of underage conduct to be unsubstantiated, but it said Clash exercised "poor judgment."
"We took the allegation very seriously and took immediate action," Sesame Workshop said in a statement issued Monday. "We met with the accuser twice and had repeated communications with him. We met with Kevin, who denied the accusation."
Sesame disciplined Clash, 52, for violating the company's Internet policy, but offered no other details.
"Kevin insists that the allegation of underage conduct is false and defamatory and he is taking actions to protect his reputation," Sesame Workshop said in its statement.
"Sesame Street" is currently in production, but other puppeteers are prepared to fill in for Clash during his absence, according to a person close to the show.
"Elmo is bigger than any one person and will continue to be an integral part of 'Sesame Street' to engage, educate and inspire children around the world, as it has for 40 years," Sesame Workshop said in its statement.
Clash, the divorced father of a grown daughter, has been a puppeteer for "Sesame Street" since 1984.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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Society & Culture
Travel blogger blocks page in Maldives after backlash
Nas Daily made his page inaccessible in the Maldives out of fear for the safety of a local girl in his latest video who expressed her wish to take off the hijab.
Travel blogger Nas Daily on Sunday blocked his popular Facebook page in the Maldives out of fear for the safety of a local girl who appeared in his latest video and expressed her wish to take off the hijab.
Called X to protect her identity, the video shows the 24-year-old speak with her face covered about facing societal pressure to wear the burqa with all her classmates when she was 13 years old.
"Over time, she grew tired of always having to cover her extremely long hair, especially on an island that is always hot and humid," Nuseir 'Nas' Yassin narrates, observing that she was free to date or divorce but would face trouble if she were to take off the hijab.
The one-minute video sparked a backlash when it was uploaded early Sunday, prompting the Israeli-Palestinian vlogger to make it inaccessible in the Maldives.
"I blocked it myself for the safety of the person involved. I didn't want this video to cause her pain. She's very brave!" Nas told the Maldives Independent.
"I'm Muslim too and I understand this. The video was done in the most respectful way possible. My entire family wears hijab and I have no problem with it. But we should let those that don't want to wear..not wear it. It's their choice. In the spirit of Ramadan, we should respect other humans and their choice to live."
Nas told followers on Whatsapp that he will unblock the page in a week.
Many Maldivians assumed it was blocked by the authorities as Mihaaru and Avas reported criticism of the video.
Both media outlets identified the girl's home island.
A source from the island told the Maldives Independent that she has been facing harassment online after the island community found out it was her in the video.
She has since left the small island.
Nas was welcomed when he arrived in the Maldives last week and his video highlighting the dangers of climate change received a positive response.
On Friday, he took selfies with fans at the Republic Square in the capital.
But the reaction to the burqa video was less kind. Siru Arts, a Facebook page opposed to secularism, called on the government to kick Nas out of the country. It later identified the girl and posted photos of her.
"A western propaganda puppet just like Malala is here in Maldives who is called Nas. In the name of love and peace he is spreading wrong message to our community and the whole world. Maldives should deport this idiot. Sad to see some youths are after him. No wonder why America gave him citizenship," Ismail Shah, a video journalist at VTV, wrote on Facebook.
Others criticised the harsh reaction as symptomatic of growing intolerance and stressed a woman's right to choose whether to wear the veil.
Hi Nas Daily, 🙋🏾I am a 23 year old Muslim from Maldives. Just wanted to let you know that there is no law in…
Posted by Sana Sharkir on Sunday, 20 May 2018
1- Our community is toxic towards women taking off their hijab
2- Nas blocked the page in Maldives himself
3- Media should stop trying to identify the girl, risking her life
4- We need to be become less judgemental & more acceptinghttps://t.co/dBuPKqI1Hvhttps://t.co/0RCFp3o54V
— Ib Nawaf 🎈 (@ib_nawaf) May 20, 2018
So I don't get it, is this how you instigate conversation? If you block the audience that's supposed to get the message, how're you going to continue the conversation?? https://t.co/phB5t3Vbec
— Mariyam Shafa Rameez (@ShafaRameez) May 20, 2018
I really like the comments they posted in the article. "Nothing is forced in Islam." "She can take it off if she wants". "Why not show someone who wore it willingly". If taking it off is easy, then why all this anger?
— blob🎈❔🏴 (@Mordisian) May 20, 2018
All the revenge porn, slander and copyright violations under the sun up on Facebook but the second some chick threatens to take off her hijab
I hope you realise how bad that looks, guys.
— Naail 🎈 (@kudanai) May 20, 2018
Wow. pic.twitter.com/Kn71roeNvh
— BattleMyst (@AzMyst) May 20, 2018
Why are you all so bummed over a video of a girl who wants to take her hijab off, aren't you supposed to stay away from unnecessary arguments and behaviours while you are fasting ? Can't even do that and y'all judging her because she wants to take her hijab off. Brilliant!
— Aminath Dhunya (@Dhunnz) May 20, 2018
I honestly don't see what the big deal is about this video. She's saying she feels like she will be judged for taking it off, which I know she would be. The only controversy here is the truth.
We can't have that, can we? https://t.co/lvCVZKsKkb
— Executive Hobo 🎈 (@legacyofpain) May 20, 2018
It's especially interesting when you consider that mostly Maldivian women used to dress only their beautiful hedhuns just 20years back.Hardly any signs of hijab, moonu buruga pre-Tsunami.The millennial generation must perceive the image of the Maldivian woman completely different pic.twitter.com/84yGht69Bb
— Lifeisprecious 🎈 🇲🇻🇦🇺🇺🇸 (@b_kind21another) May 20, 2018
Surely wearing a hijab can't be like Hotel California? A woman can and should be able to checkout and leave if/when they wish.
"Surat al-Baqara, verse 256: There is no compulsion in religion." So how can a mere head veil be larger than Islam itself? https://t.co/GFLghxwCkt
— Hawwa Shakeela (@HawwaShakeela) May 20, 2018
Heres a Tedtalk that addresses the quran, the hijab and concludes that "the hijab is a misogynistic fantasy". She goes on to back it up so well that I feel as if I can never take a religious scholar for his word again. https://t.co/HXhQpOzmfi
— Faafa🎈 (@psychofart) May 20, 2018


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Set on a bluff overlooking the Missouri River, Arrow Rock, Missouri, (population 75) was named for the flint that Native Americans took from the bluff to make arrowheads. Lewis and Clark noted the bluff on their journey, and it was a prominent landmark for many travelers passing westward on the Santa Fe Trail. Arrow Rock was briefly known as Philadelphia when the town was first settled in 1829, but by 1833 the name was changed to coincide with the landmark. By 1860 the town was the most important river port in Saline County and had nearly 1,000 residents. After the railroads bypassed Arrow Rock, the population dwindled.
Twentieth century preservation has brought new life to Arrow Rock as visitors come to experience a wealth of 19th century buildings. The entire town was named a National Historic Landmark (NHL) in 1963. Another local site, the 1837 home of artist George Caleb Bingham, is also an NHL. A local non-profit historic preservation organization, Friends of Arrow Rock, was founded in 1959. Today the 800-member group owns 10 restored historic buildings and leads tours of the town for visitors.
The Lyceum Theatre is a former 19th century church that reopened as a theater in 1961. Since then, the theater has grown and now produces eight professional plays and musicals each season. Each October brings the Arrow Rock Heritage Craft Festival, held annually since 1968. The festival features 19th century crafts such as cooking apple butter, blacksmithing, gunsmithing, basket weaving, knitting, and weaving. The National Trust for Historic Preservation named Arrow Rock one of its Dozen Distinctive Destinations in 2006, acknowledging it as a unique vacation spot.
Recognizing that their cultural heritage is vital to tourism in Arrow Rock, citizens continue to protect the community's historic characteristics. The National Park Service listed Arrow Rock as a threatened National Historic Landmark in 2001. The threatened status related to changes made to historic structures through modern materials such as vinyl siding. The town of Arrow Rock, together with its Board of Architectural Review and the Friends of Arrow Rock, hired a preservation consultant to create a set of written design guidelines. With a grant from the National Park Service and matching funds from Arrow Rock, the Friends of Arrow Rock, and individuals, the result was an 80-page document that was published in 2005 and distributed to all Arrow Rock citizens. The completion of the guidelines allowed the village to be removed from the list of threatened NHLs. Arrow Rock was also able to apply for Certified Local Government status, which it was granted in February 2005. In 2007, drawing from its own experiences, Arrow Rock sponsored a Design Guidelines Workshop with 85 participants from 24 Missouri communities.
Designated a Preserve America Community in March 2008.
For more information
Historic Overview of Arrow Rock


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Russian President Vladimir Putin has signed into law a controversial bill passed by parliament that brands NGOs who receive funding from abroad as "foreign agents", the Kremlin said Saturday.
The law, which has caused huge concern among activists who fear it will be used to stigmatise critical NGOs, was signed by Putin after it was rushed through the lower and upper houses of parliament before their summer breaks.
Putin "signed the federal law on regulating the activities of Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) who carry out the role of a foreign agent", the Kremlin said in a statement.
The law, which sailed through the State Duma lower house on July 13 and then the upper house Federation Council on July 18, requires NGOs who receive foreign funding to register with the authorities as foreign agents.
The NGOs will have to allow official checks of their income, accounting and management structure as well as regularly make public their sources of income and their management.
The label "foreign agent" does not directly implicate the NGO in espionage but does carry in Russian unequivocally negative connotations of unpatriotic behaviour.
"Materials published by the NGO in the media and on the Internet should be accompanied by a note that these materials have been published or distributed by an NGO carrying out the role of a foreign agent," the new legislation says.
The law broadly applies to any foreign-funded NGO engaged in a political activity in Russia but exempts religious groups and organisations linked to the state or state companies.
Activists have warned that the law is a throwback to the public shaming of dissidents in the Soviet Union and could herald a new period of repression in Putin's Russia.
The leader of the Moscow Helsinki Group, one of the Russia's oldest human right organisations, Lyudmila Alexeyeva, has decided to turn down foreign grants to avoid having to register the body as a "foreign agent."
Alexeyeva, who turned 85 on Friday, asked supporters not to give her any gifts but to offer financial assistance to her organisation to make up the funding shortfall.
Analysts believe the law appears to be a response to the criticism by NGO election watchdogs of December parliamentary polls and the March presidential elections won by Putin which were followed by mass anti-Kremlin protests.
Just before the December elections, Putin icily compared Russian vote monitors, who receive money from abroad, to Judas — the disciple who betrayed Jesus — and said their Western funding was "money thrown to the wind".
His irritation appeared to target the Western funded Golos NGO, whose evidence of vote-rigging was used by the opposition to back claims the polls were illegitimate in the subsequent protests.
In a frantic last week before the recess, parliament also passed bills on blacklisting undesirable Internet sites and criminalising slander which raised alarm among activists over a general clampdown on civil society.
But Putin has yet to sign these two other pieces of legislation into law.
The Vedomosti economic daily in an editorial on Friday criticised the new legislation as "repressive" and said it would create "a new reality" in Russia just months into Putin's third term as president.
But it warned the extra bureaucracy needed to implement the rules would not come cheap. "Tightening the screws is not going to be free of charge. The state is going to have to finance new spending at the expensive of citizens and business," Vedomosti said.


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Sliding door rollers kit for SLID'UP 2500
Do you have every product in stock?
We normally have every product in stock. If an item is out of stock, we will inform you on the website.
My floor is not straight, is there a way to rectify it?
Yes, there is approximately a 3/16 in (5 mm) rectification on most of our sliding systems and hardware.
What is the condition of the products?
All of our products are brand new.
For a wall-mounting, do I need to purchase any additional items than what is included in your kit?
A wall-mounting setup is only possible with a 2-panel configuration. You can find our wall-mounting bracket here: https://www.slidup.com/us/product-category/telescopic-door-hardware/
Is there a maximum weight for a sliding door?
Yes, it depends on the sliding door hardware. Before purchasing one, make sure that your door respects the maximum door weight indicated on the product specification sheet.
Does your kit come with a guide for the bottom of the door?
Yes, our kits include a bottom guide. We also sell them separately. You can find our bottom guides here: https://www.slidup.com/us/product-category/other-hardware/bottom-guides/
Does SLID'UP hardware come with a warranty?
Yes, all our products come with a 5-year warranty.


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"A large part of the world had gone mad, and that involved the growth of inexplicable and unpredictable crime. All the old sanctities had become weakened, and men had grown too well accustomed to death and pain. This meant that the criminal had far greater resources at his command, and, if he were an able man, could mobilise a vast amount of utter recklessness and depraved ingenuity. The moral imbecile, he said, had been more or less a sport before the War; now he was a terribly common product, and throve in batches and battalions. Cruel, humourless, hard, utterly wanting in sense of proportion, but often full of a perverted poetry and drunk with rhetoric–a hideous, untamable breed had been engendered. You found it among the young Bolsheviks, among the young gentry of the wilder Communist sects, and very notably among the sullen murderous hobbledehoys in Ireland.
"Poor devils," Macgillivray repeated. "It is for their Maker to judge them, but we who are trying to patch up civilisation have to see that they are cleared out of the world. Don't imagine that they are devotees of any movement, good or bad. They are what I have called them, moral imbeciles, who can be swept into any movement by those who understand them. They are the neophytes and hierophants of crime, and it is as criminals that I have to do with them. Well, all this desperate degenerate stuff is being used by a few clever men who are not degenerates or anything of the sort, but only evil. There has never been such a chance for a rogue since the world began."
"Their motive, as I have said, was gain but that was not the motive of the people they worked through. Their cleverness lay in the fact that they used the fanatics, the moral imbeciles as Macgillivray called them, whose key was a wild hatred of something or other, or a reasoned belief in anarchy. Behind the smug exploiters lay the whole dreary wastes of half-baked craziness. Macgillivray gave me examples of how they used these tools, the fellows who had no thought of profit, and were ready to sacrifice everything, including their lives, for a mad ideal. It was a masterpiece of cold-blooded, devilish ingenuity. Hideous, and yet comic too; for the spectacle of these feverish cranks toiling to create a new heaven and a new earth and thinking themselves the leaders of mankind, when they were dancing like puppets at the will of a few scoundrels engaged in the most ancient of pursuits, was an irony to make the gods laugh."


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I think many of us are surprised by the strength in the local market during this time of COVID. I know I keep sifting and analyzing the tea leaves of the numbers trying to determine the direction we're headed. Recently, I decided to take a look back over the last year and compare the number of new listings entering our market versus the number of homes going under contract. These metrics are proxies for the number of active sellers and active buyers. If those two numbers were to head in opposite directions, that would portend big changes for our market. If those two numbers were to generally track together, that would portend the continuation of the status quo.
As part of this look back, I struggled to re-create the timeline of COVID restrictions on our ability to show homes so that I could mark that onto the chart. To the best of my recollection, this was how it played out.
March 10th – Colorado state of emergency declared
March 13th – National state of emergency declared
March 25th – Statewide Stay-at-Home order – we thought showings allowed
April 6th – Real Estate Showings officially clarified as not allowed
April 27th – Safer-at-Home enacted statewide – Boulder County continues Stay-at-Home orders
April 29th – Boulder County vacant home showings allowed
May 9th – Boulder County In-Person showings allowed
Once I created this chart, I was comforted by how closely the seller and buyer activity was tracking together. Slight seasonal differences, where we see more sellers relative to buyers during the -summer and more buyers relative to sellers over the winter, but overall, remarkably similar tracks. It was especially interesting to see buyers and sellers both react to COVID restrictions similarly on the way down and the way back up. Most importantly, so far, the numbers are tracking together nicely which implies we're continuing with the status quo, which so far, is a fairly robust market for all but the highest price points. As with many of my charts, I'll be keeping an eye on this one, looking for periods where these two metrics strongly diverge as that may signal a market change, but so far, as we all adjust to the new normal of masks, gloves and an obsession with sanitization, the market just keeps chugging along.
Be healthy everyone!


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Total loan value of verified, validated and certified loan closings to end of year 2016
|Total $ amount of transactions identified as erroneous / fraudulent & corrected or redirected with FundingShield Certification
|Cost of FundingShield Certification versus Dollar Value of Potential Client Loss Exposure:
|Top 25 mortgage lenders clients serviced
|~ $108 Billion+
|~ $19 billion+
Importance of fin-tech / reg-tech investments by mortgage banks in mergers or entities seeking consolidation.
The Mortgage banking market continues to go through consolidation where a number of our clients and prospects in our development & on-boarding pipeline have found value in fin-tech solutions provided by Fundingshield during the merger integration. For those firms that are targets or seeking a sale/merger reduced costs and enhanced controls leveraging technology are driving factors in enhancing enterprise value pre & post-merger. Solutions such as Fundingshield's Guardian, WAVs or SPC products offer solutions around automated third-party oversight, wire controls and confirmation of protections from cyber-based wire diversion threats in addition to maximizing in place title and cyber insurance policy value. Further today's market has a rising amount of aging principals nearing retirement, small to mid-size mortgage banks seeking competitive advantages and acquirers & sellers forming a valuation thesis where investment into fin-tech solutions will be a key component of enterprise value for all parties.
Stratmor's February newsletter WHAT PROSPECTIVE SELLERS CAN LEARN FROM TODAY'S M&A MARKETPLACE included "The Top 10 Worst Seller Characteristics" which included, "The existence of a major legal matter or regulatory action which cannot be resolved or settled prior to the closing date." This extends to lack of effective controls pertaining to data security, funding / settlement processes and wire verifications in a market with enhanced cyber threats that Fundingshield combats daily. Merger integrations offer additional risks where processes, procedures and management of expanded footprint and personnel can create inconsistent and changing policies that create gaps for fraud and cyber criminals to prey on. During this process, it is paramount to have effective information security protocols across TargetCo & AcquisitionCo that are uniform. One such best practice is to have a unified wire authentication and control system such as FundingShield's Wire Account Verification System (WAVs) or our Guardian loan closing certification service to provide organizational risk reduction, assure compliance with regulatory guidelines and reduce the overall total operational costs associated with an expansion/merger and thereafter.
Fundingshield provides a prevention strategy where if a breach affects the settlement process, the existing CPL coverage is verified to be enforceable against transaction level closing documents (which have been further validated and recognized by the title insurance parties). These same documents when coupled with a lender's cyber security policy and the organization's control policies and procedures can be used to demonstrate that adequate controls are in place to make a substantiated claim against the cyber security policies lenders have.
With the added control and documents in place from Fundingshield the lender will have the data information to:
- Fully demonstrate to regulators, plaintiff bar or others that controls are in place and being used.
- Show remediation strategies are in place for recouping funds and that the losses are valid.
- Provide law enforcement officials with a detailed track record of information at the loan level and the network / data layer to triangulate and record the event which can lead to more successful investigations and prosecution.
Operationally, the organization has removed a significant level of risk from the table and they can get back to the business of originating loans and cyber criminals are left to look for more vulnerable targets.
About FundingShield
FundingShield is a leading Financial Technology company and the only provider of active loan level diligence for closings to the residential mortgage industry. The Company's array of services provides active verification and validation at the loan level for mortgage closings and detailed analysis of the documentation used as well as systems to manage 1000's of third party relationships. Our products & services include:
- Verification and validation services at the loan level of closing documents for lenders, insurers and title companies
- Confirmation of title insurance coverage for lenders backed by FundingShield's GUARDIAN CERTIFICATE
- Automated audit compliance management systems for 3rd party service providers of lenders, title & state agencies & appraisers.
- Cyber security playbook, Cyber threat management, online brand reputation monitoring and brand protection, 24/7/365 tracking of key property, personnel & vendors with threat reporting automation leveraging millions of public data points.
- Specialized underwriting services to insurance companies and lenders as well as closing process audit reviews.
For More information on FundingShield, to schedule a WebEx demo or to see what other services we provide the residential mortgage industry please email firstname.lastname@example.com or call (800) 295-0135 x2


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"Shaina and Aaron are such a beautiful couple! You can truly see how much they love one another and they are so excited to start their new life together with Aaron's beautiful daughter Lily. Their wedding was a celebration of not only joining their two lives together, but also celebrating Shaina's new role as step-mom to Lily! We loved their venue, the Newland Barn in Huntington Beach. It is such an intimate venue and served as a great blank canvas for all of Shaina's amazing DIY projects. Our favorite part of the day was when Shaina turned and made vows to Lily promising to love her unconditionally. So very sweet!" – Peterson Design & Photography
What is your favorite wedding day memory?
My favorite memory was watching my new husband dancing with his daughter, my new step daughter. It was the best feeling knowing that this was my new little family. I just wanted to press pause on that moment. My heart was filled with so much joy at that very moment. Aaron's favorite memory was the vows I made to his daughter lily and also the positive feedback he got from everyone about our wedding day.
What did you DIY for your wedding?
I did a lot of Craigslist shopping, Hobby Lobby shopping and also did all of my own DIY. I made the chair backing that said Mr & Mrs. I also made the streamer for the sweet heart table and the I do banner. I also bought black chalkboard hearts and then used sticker numbers for table numbers. I created my own sign displaying where ceremony and dancing was located. It also displayed our hashtag "#Holtomeverafter." I made my own chalkboard signs and did all the lettering myself. The mason jars were also something I added twine to so they could hang on shepherds sticks to hold small flower arrangements along the aisle way. The seating chart, I bought a rustic wood frame and hot glued twine across to display my seating chart. The teepee for the kids was purchased at Hobby Lobby but I made all the signs and hand-stamped thank yous. I made just about everything! :)
Any advice for brides currently in the planning process?
Enjoy every little moment. Take it all in. Don't sweat the small stuff. It goes by so fast, so my advice would be pause and take in the moment, look around enjoy who's with you. – Shaina, the bride
Event Credits
Photographer + Invitations: Peterson Design & Photography // Venue: Newland Barn // Coordination: Event & Wedding Planning By Stephanie // Catering: SoHo Taco Company // Flowers: Mother of the Groom // Officiant: Bride's Uncle Dale Winson // DJ: James Washington // Ceremony Music: Karli Webster // Rentals: Harbor Light Rentals // PhotoBooth: Surf City Photo Booth // Wedding Rings: Costco & Kay Jewelers // Cake + Desserts: Honeybee Carrizosa // Dress + Veil: Marry Me Bridal // Shoes: David's Bridal // Accessories: Borrowed From Bride's Grandmother // Garter: Etsy.com // Bridesmaids Dresses: Love & Lace Bridal // Bridesmaids Jewelry: Quaints // Robes: Silk & More // Flower Girl Dresses: handmade by Allison May // Makeup: Makeup By Samantha Riff // Hair: Wink Lash Studio // Men's Attire: Men's Warehouse // Men's Bow Ties: Divine Domestication


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In patients with acute cerebral ischemia (ACI) and acute intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), neurological deterioration occurring within 3 to 4 hours of symptom onset is associated with reduced functional independence and increased mortality, according to a study published in JAMA Neurology. One in 8 patients with ACI experience ultra-early neurological deterioration during ambulance transport and initial evaluation at the emergency department, the researchers reported.
Data from the Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium (FAST-MAG) trial were obtained for an exploratory analysis. Patients with suspected acute stroke who received ambulance transportation within a 2-hour period of stroke onset were consecutively enrolled in the trial (N=1690).
Neurological deterioration, or a worsening of ≥2 Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) points, comprised the main outcome. Ischemic or hemorrhagic injury extent detected at the first brain imaging scan comprised the main imaging outcomes. Additionally, 3-month outcomes were disability level as assessed with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality.
At the final diagnosis, patients were categorized as having acute cerebral ischemia (n=1237), intracranial hemorrhage (n=386), and neurovascular mimic (n=67). Ultra-early neurological deterioration, or deterioration occurring within 3 to 4 hours of symptom onset, occurred in 11.8% of patients, with a significantly greater proportion occurring in patients with ICH vs ACI (30.8% vs 6.1%, respectively; P <.001).
Patients with ultra-early neurological deterioration had significantly worse 3-month outcomes, including reduced functional independence (mRS score 0-2, 16.0% vs 56.6%; P <.001), increased global disability (mRS score, 4.6 vs 2.4; P <.001), and increased mortality (43.5% vs 11.8%; P <.001).
Limitations of the study include the lack of follow-up serial imaging and the nonstandardized collection of data on whether blood pressure medications were used in study participants.
The study investigators concluded that their findings indicate "the desirability of initiating stroke therapies as soon as possible after stroke onset, including in the prehospital setting, to avert the occurrence of ultra-early neurological deterioration."
Shkirkova K, Saver JL, Starkman S, et al. Frequency, predictors, and outcomes of prehospital and early postarrival neurological deterioration in acute stroke: exploratory analysis of the FAST-MAG randomized clinical trial [published online July 23, 2018]. JAMA Neurol. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1893


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You may need to demonstrate a charging system to your phlebotomist business. Our program also gives an extensive review of the vital areas of the clinical laboratory, including specimen processing. At any time, you've achieved a phlebotomy education program; you may want to grow into accredited too. Licensed phlebotomist tech applications will teach you all the essential processes and processes you are likely to need to be always a capable and skilled phlebotomist.
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Phlebotomy is a vital area of medicine where 1's businesses are almost always welcome. Phlebotomy is an exciting career as it allows you to become a part of the health team instantly and help patients recover your wellbeing. Even though it isn't technically required to start coaching phlebotomy, on a practice that the vast majority of businesses still may want one to possess it before beginning to carry out precisely the job.
You may find only a tiny van or enough at which you're in a position to set all of the tools required for the company. You will get the option to become a booming proprietor of a phlebotomy firm if you are a certified phlebotomist. Employers regularly request applicable work experience. Your customer inside this category of business would be the physicians and hospital owners, in order which means they are usually the one which you have to see the moment you're well prepared to do the job. As soon as you've got the right documentation, you'll wind up obtaining the expertise on the job. Nowadays you have the essential info, incredibly fantastic luck on getting compensated handsomely according to your skills. NHS older phlebotomists have invented course materials.
What Everyone Dislikes About How to Become a Phlebotomist UK and Why
If you want to pick on it course route, a lot of group schools alongside specialised educational institutions supply you with a more 2-year associate diploma program in phlebotomy or perhaps maybe a short certification course. Accordingly, one of the top approaches to discover phlebotomy areas is by calling local businesses which maintain the assistance of phlebotomists, and asking them if they'll have obtained any openings now, or in the not too distant future. Please get in contact with us should you would like to examine individual coaching requirements, or visit the program's page to encounter classes on the market to book on the internet. The job varies centred on which you found. If you are thinking about getting your initial position, one of the essential skills you need to learn may become your way to repay your salary. To turn to some Phlebotomist, you can't have to have some previous knowledge or a few additional credentials. To be considered how to become a Phlebotomist it is not vital to find some former experience or some other qualification.
BLS Certification and Training gave onsite. The program is entirely excellent. The Phlebotomy Certificate courses will require a completely full of one semester to complete. Phlebotomy Training courses are designed to present the wisdom and skills essential to growing into a phlebotomist, along with practical sessions mostly dry blood into lifelong exceptionally sensible mannequins. Us in-depth Phlebotomy training classes cover an entire variety of Phlebotomy Competency experience based on NHS.
To overcome this problem, you should have proper coaching, chosen your college right, have the right certification and work out how to attain experience for a beginner phlebotomist. Proper education and training, and generally accreditation or licensure, are needed just like a way to accumulate to a phlebotomist.
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Whatever you'd read so much, there are numerous prerequisites which you might choose to fulfil to become a full-size phlebotomist. You're also somewhat careful and orderly, and also enjoy following rules and processes.


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Should it really be India Vs Pakistan? Or should it be
We are victims of the same issues - terrorism, poverty, corruption. Both the countries got independence at the same time from the British rule. Lots of the issues plaguing these countries are a result of British rule for centuries. In the era of globalization and for the sake of prosperity, eradication of poverty it is important that we forget our differences and work together towards addressing the common issues in society. Taking example from some of the more developed countries we must learn that capitalism is the only way to address issues central to poverty. Vast number of resources exist in India and Pakistan, but for so many years they did not trade with each other and preferred to borrow resources at far greater costs from other countries; In the bargain they have stifled growth and so many of its people are locked into the vicious cycle of poverty. Poverty feeds into terrorism and extremism. We must learn together to address the root cause of terrorism. Terrorism in my opinion is the worst case backlash as a result of poverty.
- Trade and Prosperity for people on both sides of the border
- Newer Market opportunities for companies in
Indiaand Pakistan
- Less defense spending and no arms race
- Spending in education, poverty alleviation programs and fighting terrorism.
- Prosperity in a society would lead to lower corruption
- We would spend a large percentage of tax payers money to buy arms and build nuclear arsenal.
- Our politicians would continue to provide us misinformation/
- Increase in terrorism
Useful Links


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University of Cambridge > Talks.cam > Isaac Newton Institute Seminar Series > PDEs in Complex and Evolving Domains I
PDEs in Complex and Evolving Domains I
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Money, of course, it's always money. To misquote Master Yoda, sensational headlines lead to higher ratings, higher ratings lead to more advertisers, and more advertisers lead to more money. Unfortunately quality and integrity are always the first victims.
A while back PHD Comics produced this breakdown of the science news cycle and I found it quite perceptive and worthy of sharing with interested friends.
Why the Press Gets Science So Wrong
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Spahn, Paul Bernd (1997): The Marshall Plan: Searching for Creative Peace, Then and Now. Published in: Frankfurter Volkswirtschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge No. 85
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The article reviews the elements of the Marshall Plan after World War II, and relates its positive features to economic challenges of the end of the 20th century.
|Item Type:
|MPRA Paper
|Original Title:
|The Marshall Plan: Searching for Creative Peace, Then and Now
|Marshall Plan; economic development; Europe; transition countries; foreign policy; institution building; infrastructure
|N - Economic History > N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics ; Industrial Structure ; Growth ; Fluctuations > N12 - U.S. ; Canada: 1913-
H - Public Economics > H8 - Miscellaneous Issues > H81 - Governmental Loans ; Loan Guarantees ; Credits ; Grants ; Bailouts
N - Economic History > N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics ; Industrial Structure ; Growth ; Fluctuations > N14 - Europe: 1913-
|Item ID:
|Depositing User:
|Paul Bernd Spahn
|Date Deposited:
|08 Feb 2009 05:42
|Last Modified:
|29 Sep 2019 05:02
Auriol, Vincent (1970), Mon Septennat, 1947-1954, Paris: Armand Colin.
Brown, Jr., William Adams, and Redvers Opie (1953), American Foreign Assistance, Washington, The Brookings Institution.
De Long, J. Bradford, and Barry Eichengreen (1991), "The Marshall Plan: History's most successful Structural Adjustment Program", Working Paper No. 3899, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), November.
EBRD (1997), Transition Report 1997, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, London.
Hogan, Michael J. (1997), The Marshall Plan, America, Britain, and the Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Singh, Manmohan (1995), "The IMF and the World Bank in an Evolving World", in James M. Boughton and K. Sarwar Lateef (editors), Fifty Years After Bretton Woods: The Future of the IMF and the World Bank, Proceedings of a conference held in Madrid, Spain, September 29-30, 1994, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C..
Spahn, Paul Bernd, and Wolfgang Föttinger (1997), "Germany", in: Teresa Ter- Minassian (ed.), Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice, International Monetary Fund, Washington D.C., 226-48.
Tanzi, Vito (1995), "Taxation in an Integration World", The Brookings Institution, Washington D.C..


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British commandos of 1st Special Service Brigade crouch on Queen beach, Sword area, before moving inland on June 6, 1944. (Wikimedia Commons/Army Film and Photographic Unit)
Tomorrow is the 75th anniversary of the Allied invasion of Normandy, "Operation Overlord" as it was known by the planners, D-Day. This last has become a metaphor for any decisive moment when the hinge of fate is expected to swing one way or the other. It is worth reflecting on this anniversary, one of the last at which some few veterans are still left, about how our political life has changed, and how our views of war have changed too.
D-Day was the most comprehensively complicated operation of World War II. As Soviet leader Joseph Stalin observed in his telegram of congratulations to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill:
My colleagues and I cannot but admit that the history of warfare knows no other like undertaking from the point of view of its scale, its vast conception, and its masterly execution. As is well known, Napoleon in his time failed ignominiously in his plan to force the Channel. The hysterical Hitler, who boasted for two years that he would effect a forcing of the Channel, was unable to make up his mind even to hint at attempting to carry out his threat. … History will record this deed as an achievement of the highest order.
Hurling a quarter of a million men against a hostile coast had never been tried. The prior landings in Sicily and at Anzio were mere appetizers, although the Anzio landing yielded important lessons about how not to do it: There the Allied forces focused on landing their equipment, rather than securing their lodgment and breaking out. The German counter-attack was strong and the Germans entrenched, leaving the Allied troops hemmed in along a narrow beachhead. Churchill sent a biting telegram to the commander that asked: "How many of our men are driving or looking after eighteen thousand vehicles in this narrow space? We must have a great superiority of chauffeurs."
The Channel had been forced only once before, and under very different technological circumstances: In 1066, William the Conqueror crossed from his native Normandy to lay claim to England. In one of the planning sessions for D-Day, while the generals and experts were debating the best time to land, based on tide and moon, Churchill asked, "When did William cross?" and it took some time for his American colleagues to grasp the reference.
America had refused to enter the war. We watched the rape of Czechoslovakia and Poland, and the rapid conquest of Norway, France and the Low countries. During the long winter of 1940-1941, when Britain endured the non-stop nighttime bombing raids on London and other cities, the Blitz, the U.S. government sent weaponry to Great Britain, but such was the isolationism of the American people, there was little clamor for entering the war. Only when we were attacked at Pearl Harbor did we plunge into the war, and plunge with decisive effect.
World War II is called the "good war" and there is no doubt that the regimes we fought embodied evil in ways the world had not yet witnessed. The Nazis really set the benchmark for human depravity at Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka and the other death camps. The Japanese militarists who raped Nanking were scarcely less inhumane. But, the truth be told, all sides committed atrocities and atrocities we should have recognized as such. When Air Force leaders in both the U.K. and the U.S. argued for the value of strategic bombing, that is, the bombing of civilian population centers and not merely military targets, they claimed such attacks would turn the tide of the war. They argued the bombing would destroy the civilian morale of the Germans and Japanese. But, they knew such bombings during the Blitz had not sapped the will to fight of the British people. Why did they think it would be any different with the roles reversed? So, it was not such a "good war," even if it was a grimly necessary war and remains, to my mind, the best argument for the maintenance of just war theory as the primary approach to the subject by Christian ethicists.
Our political leadership during the war — first Franklin Roosevelt and then Harry Truman — was extraordinary. Despite the huge differences in personality and background, both men faithfully executed the office entrusted to them and did so with intelligence and foresight. The comparison to our current political leadership is not a flattering one.
So, too, in the U.K. Churchill was wrong about almost everything in his long political career, wrong about Ireland, wrong about India, wrong about trade, wrong about Gallipoli, but he was right, and was one of the few who had been right all along, about the central issue facing Western democracy in the 1930s: There could be no negotiating with Hitler. When one compares him, or his Labour Party colleagues, to the current political leadership in the U.K., the comparison is unflattering to the current leaders. And, as for the U.S., think of it: Not only were Roosevelt and Truman two of our greatest presidents, but Truman was succeeded by Dwight Eisenhower who led Overlord. He, in turn, was succeeded by John F. Kennedy who used his father's connections to get him into the Navy while our incumbent president used his father's connections to keep him out. There has been a decline.
U.S. and British troops landed on Normandy to begin the liberation of France and Western Europe. Yesterday marked the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Rome. From northern France and from the boot of Italy, our soldiers marched to rescue countries that had been enslaved by poisonous tyrants, who defended their tyranny with propaganda we would today call nationalistic populism. In the East, the Soviet troops liberated from one shackle only to affix a new one. But, in the West, one of the great civilizational achievements of the last half of the 20th century was the creation of the European Union and NATO. Two brutal, devastating world wars had wreaked havoc on Europe, sending millions of soldiers and civilians to their deaths, and in the post-war period, Western Europe's leaders, most of them Catholics informed by Catholic social teaching, created structures that have endured down to our own time. For these past 75 years, the French did not have to look across their eastern frontier with dread.
Fr. Edward J. Waters, a U.S. Army Catholic military chaplain from Oswego, New York, who holds the rank of major, gives the final blessing at Mass on a pier in Weymouth, England, on June 6, 1944. The troops were among those taking part in the D-Day Allied invasion of the European continent. (CNS/handout via Reuters)
In the light of last week's election results, it is the Germans, who held off the tide of nationalism better than most, who look across their frontier with France — which rewarded the bigoted party of Marine Le Pen a victory — with anxiety. Italy is again enthralled by simplistic neo-fascist slogans and the men who shout them. In Poland and Hungary, rightwing nationalistic populist governments are in power. And, the U.S. president denigrates our allies and praises tyrants who seek to destabilize the European Union and for whom the recent elections were a great stride forward. President Donald Trump, we can be sure, is thoroughly ignorant of the achievement the European Union represents.
The dangers the rise of nationalistic populism poses are real. Over 4,000 American, British and Canadian soldiers gave their lives on D-Day to combat the evil that emerged the last time nationalistic populism came to power in Europe. Let them not have died in vain.
Pope Francis referred to the two world wars in his press conference Sunday returning from Romania. "Please, let's not return to this. Let's learn from history. Let's not fall in the same hole," he said. Later, he added, "I would say to believers, 'Pray for Europe … for unity, that the Lord will give us this grace.' " This anniversary of D-Day, let that be our prayer.
[Michael Sean Winters covers the nexus of religion and politics for NCR.]
Editor's note: Don't miss out on Michael Sean Winters' latest: Sign up and we'll let you know when he publishes new Distinctly Catholic columns.


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With the retirement of Greg Melvin and Bill Shorttall, this year's security team has created new policies. The main change this year is that hall passes are now required for all students in the halls.
Teachers used to be able to tell their students to just go, especially if their class was close to a bathroom, but now "every kid [is], required to carry a hall pass when they leave their classroom. Every kid will be accounted for," security team leader Chris Pucciarelli said.
It is the teacher's responsibility to make sure each student who leaves their room during instruction has a hall pass. For safety reasons, although it appears elementary, it is required regardless of the class. "I think it's important that students have passes because I think there has been a big problem with students just wandering the halls during class," math teacher Suzanne Pykosh said.
Some teachers have created their own passes by organizing different colored lanyards with a plastic passes attached that say "bathroom" or "hall pass." Others just have a piece of paper that says "BATHROOM" on it that students grab before leaving. Though the teachers and students are now aware of this policy, it is easy to forget, out of habit. "It feels weird grabbing a pass before leaving. I'm not used to it yet and it reminds me of elementary school," senior Nicole Bednanova said.
Besides the new hall pass policy, the security team is also trying to bond with students more. They see hundreds of kids everyday. "We want to do more than just security. We want the kids to be successful and feel comfortable. We want to have a connection with them that is more than just security," Pucciarelli said.
Ava Castelli
Staff Writer


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14 edible present ideas for holiday gifts. They have a handful of great selections, like ordering a Poilâne-style miche. A heart loaf of bread based on the world-renowed Poilâne bakery is Paris. (Holt Renfew flies in this bread daily from Paris for their "tartines" on their cafe menu).
Or like a "O crostoli tree" - a four tiered Venetian dessert delicacy maked of thick flaky pastries (flavours of vanilla, raspberry, cinnamon and chocolate) dusted with icing sugar.
For more on these great gift ideas check out:
For more on these great gift ideas check out:
photo credit: Renée Suen via Toronto Life


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If you are following me on Instagram or Facebook you may know I'm planning a trip to the West Coast this fall. I haven't been out west in years so I am excited to go in about a month!
In this post, I'm sharing how I managed to get flights to the west coast and back for my whole family for under $150. You'll learn some of my tactics for flying on the cheap with points and miles as well as how I find the cheapest flights!
How To Find Cheap Delta Flights to Los Angeles
First, my daughter and I are flying from Raleigh to Los Angeles non-stop on Delta. I booked during a weekly Delta fare sale (sign-up to get notifications of fare sales here), so I got us Delta Comfort+ seats for 43,000 miles total.
Delta (like most other airlines) releases weekly fare sales on Tuesday mornings, so I waited for a Tuesday to book! I know I will appreciate the extra legroom and free drinks that come with Comfort+ seats on this long flight.
I had the miles thanks to a big sign-up bonus I got when I opened a Platinum Delta SkyMiles American Express card early this year. I am excited that I only used a little more than half of my miles for this trip and I have plenty left!
I did have to pay the taxes on the award tickets, which was $5.60 each. This is normal practice on all airlines when redeeming points or miles for flights.
We will spend a few nights in Anaheim to visit Disneyland – you can get updates on that trip when you join my free private Facebook group for The Budget Mouse, my Disney-only site!
North Carolina to Los Angeles – $11.20
How to Find Cheap Southwest Flights to Vegas
My friend who lives in the Vegas area is driving out to Anaheim to meet us, going to the parks with us, then driving us all back to Vegas (isn't she awesome?)
My husband is flying directly to Vegas on Southwest to spend 6 days there with us! I got him roundtrip non-stop flights on Southwest for 24K points during a Southwest fare sale that began on a Tuesday morning (you can sign-up to get notifications of fare sales here).
I had the points thanks to the Southwest Rapid Rewards Chase Visa which is my FAVORITE credit card for earning free flights. I actually had the points from some of my amazing readers signing up for the card through my referral link – so thank you!
You can read all about how I use this card to regularly travel to Disney World on the cheap in this post.
North Carolina to Las Vegas & Back – $11.20
How To Find Cheap Southwest Flights to San Francisco
On the day that my husband flies home to NC, my daughter and I are flying on to San Franscisco to Vegas.
We are visiting my younger sister who is going to college at the University of San Francisco. I've never been to San Fran so I am really excited to check it out!
I got us cheap flights from Vegas to San Francisco on Southwest points. I booked us a 6 am flight (hoping it won't be too rough since we are used to east coast time) for only 2,514 miles for each ticket – that's one of the cheapest possible Southwest flights you can get with miles!
Las Vegas to San Francisco – $11.20
How To Find Cheap Alaska Airlines Flights From San Francisco
We are flying back to RDU nonstop on Alaska Airlines. I was able to use points for my flight and got my daughter's flight for only $99 during a three-day fare sale that started last Tuesday – notice a theme here?
Here's how I had the Alaska Airlines miles: years ago, Virgin America offered 1,000 free miles when you signed up for their frequent flier program. Even though Virgin didn't fly out of my home airport or anywhere I ever went, I signed up during the promotion because I figured it never hurt to accumulate free airline miles.
Last year, Virgin America was acquired by Alaska Air and their two reward programs merged. Alaska offered a 10,000 mile bonus if you transferred Virgin miles to a new Alaska Airlines account, so of course I transferred my 1,000 free miles to Alaksa at a 1:1.3 ratio. I ended up with 11,300 totally free miles in my account!
The flight from SFO to RDU was 12,500 miles, so I set about earning the remaining 1,200 miles through the Alaska Airlines Mileage Plus shopping portal. I easily earned the miles when I bought a new computer from Dell through the link in the portal.
So I only paid $5.60 in taxes for my return flight home.
San Francisco to North Carolina – $104.60
How You Can Find Cheap Family Flights To The West Coast
The grand total for all of our flights on this west coast trip was $138.20. We will get a free checked bag on our Delta flight thanks to my credit card, and our bags fly free on Southwest. I am sending a bag home with my husband so we will just have carry-ons for our San Francisco trip.
Here are the takeaways from this trip that can help you find cheap flights for your family:
- Wait to book your flights until airlines release their weekly fare sales on Tuesdays.
- Always sign up for any promotional free miles, even if you can't use them immediately. You never know when they will come in handy!
- Leverage sign-up bonuses on credit cards for airlines that fly out of your home airport. Southwest, Delta, and American have the most non-stops out of RDU so those are the only cards I have.
- If you are short on miles, check out the shopping portals that each airline has to make up the difference. It is surprisingly easy to earn miles if you are doing any shopping online.
Any questions about how I fly with my family for cheap? Please leave a comment below or send me a message on The Frugal South's Facebook page!


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Made from recycled firehose, as much if not more fun than it's predecessor Firehose Fun. This firehose comes with twin handles just made to give you that extra hold during those tough tugging sessions.
Filled with Poly-fil and sheep shearling for that added scent, this interactive tug toy will cause you hours of fun.
Don't feel like tugging, this makes a great water toy. Whether it be dock diving or just a day in the lake, your dog will love a game of fetch with this fun floaty firehose.
**The colour choice is only for the handles


text: BDA Scotland: moving dentistry forward in 2019 Blog Author Phil Grigor Blog Date 17/12/2019 Page Content Photo credit: Getty Images BDA Scotland has been busy working on your behalf this year. Our staff and committee members have been making the case for dentistry and highlighting a number of issues affecting dentists working in Scotland. Campaigning on dentists' payAt the top of our agenda remains pay for dentists working in Scotland. Following publication of the UK Government's pay review body (DDRB) report in July, where a 2.5% pay uplift for General Dental Practitioners was recommended, we called on the Scottish Government to accept the DDRB's recommendation, to ensure an award of at least 3% for expenses, to introduce the overall pay uplifts as soon as possible and to backdate them to April 2019. The Scottish Government implemented the review body's recommendation, and while we were disappointed only to receive 2.5% for pay and expenses, we will continue to call for all dentists' pay uplifts to at least keep track with inflation in 2020. We have also been campaigning about the pay and terms and conditions for community dentists working in Scotland. Earlier this year, we highlighted a number of concerns about the future of the Public Dental Service (PDS) in Scotland. These included continued funding cuts, staff reductions (an overall fall of 16% of PDS posts between 2013/14 and 2017/18) and the consequent impact on patient access. We followed this up with a survey to all NHS Boards requesting details of PDS funding and workforce trends, and the impact these have had on patient care. Throughout the year, we've been asking for your thoughts on how we represent you, and we used the results from a BDA membership survey undertaken in June to flag up the key issues you are facing with the Minister for Public Health, Sport and Wellbeing, and the Scottish Public Pensions Agency. Better dental regulationRegulation is another key area we have been working on, as we know increasing bureaucracy, rising levels of stress for dentists and a fear of our regulator are all concerns you have raised. We regularly meet with the the General Dental Council to put forward the case for better regulation for dentistry. The GDC's Director of Fitness to Practice, Tom Scott attended our Scottish Council meeting in March to discuss progress with the GDC's End-to-End review, the GDC's latest operational performance data and the GDC's strategic priorities.BDA representatives and members raised a number of questions about the GDC's continued underperformance of KPIs, timescales for progressing cases (and the subsequent pressure on dentists), local resolution of cases, and referrals of dentists to the GDC by other dentists. Tom Scott also attended the Scottish Council meeting in December to give members a further update on the GDC's FtP performance to date. In terms of regulation, we have also clarified the advice to dentists, and we highlighted the main difference in the inspection of wholly private and NHS dental practices, which was causing some areas of concern. We also informed members about the new quality improvement arrangements for the three-year cycle 2019/22. We have long-argued that the previous clinical audit or quality-improvement arrangements were unsatisfactory due to the bureaucratic approach and administrative burden.We also have recently asked GDPs for their views on aspects of Practitioner Services Division's (PSD) performance, including timeliness of approvals and payments, and communication and support. While PSD introduced a number of improvements following the previous survey in 2016, we continue to raise the problems GDPs are encountering to lower the burden placed on practices. Tackling stress and burnout in dentistryIncreasing levels of stress and burnout is a concerning trend for those working in our profession. The Scottish Dental Practice Committee (SDPC) fought hard over many years for Scotland dentists and their teams to get access to the NHS Occupational Health Advice and Guidance Service, and we were delighted when it was introduced in June 2018. We will continue to monitor the uptake of this service and to collect data on the mental health and wellbeing status of dentists working in Scotland, to ensure our workforce is supported. Prevention is key for good oral healthPrevention and ensuring good oral health for all also remains a core concern for us. Scottish Government launched its Oral Health Improvement Plan (OHIP) in January 2018 and whilst we welcomed the overarching aims of the plan, we felt more detail, and more commitment in times of real investment was required to make this plan a reality. In June, your Scottish Council representatives met with the Minister for Public Health, Sport and Wellbeing and Chief Dental Officer to seek assurance that any funding to implement the plan would not be taken from the existing NHS dentistry budget. We will meet with the Minister again in January 2020.While we've welcomed the continued overall improvement in children's dental health this year, we have also called on the Scottish Government to renew its efforts to tackle deep inequalities by investing more in prevention and local resources. We also remain concerned about the lengthy waiting times for paediatric extractions under general anaesthetic, and recently issued a Freedom of Information request to all NHS Boards for relevant data. We plan to use this evidence to raise the issue at a national level.The needs of the vulnerable patients are also on our agenda. This year, SDPC and Scottish Public Dental Service Committee members commented on draft proposals to train a number of "accredited" GDPs to deliver care in care homes. Scottish Government amended its proposals in light of these comments. The Scottish Government has set up design groups to take forward proposals for a "new model of care" for adult NHS dentistry, and we ensured that SDPC is represented on both these groups, so the proposals are workable and affordable.We also held an informal introductory meeting with eight of the new interim NHS Directors of Dentistry (DoDs) in April, and we continue to monitor the progress of this new initiative and seek to influence the discussions on matters affecting dentists. Campaigning for improvements in dental public health also remains a key priority for us. This year, we followed up our Oral Cancer Action Plan (published in November 2018) and have continued to raise awareness of the issues through: publishing blogs on the importance of early detection; campaigning for an HPV vaccination catch-up programme for boys; running a survey of all NHS Boards on their progress in implementing the actions in our plan; and submitting a number of Parliamentary Questions on oral cancer issues.All these issues take time, but rest assured, the BDA Scotland staff and your representatives are working hard behind the scenes to enable change and to get the best deal for dentistry. We'd like to thank all our members too, by being a part of the BDA, you are helping to make our voice stronger. We look forward to continuing to work both with you and for you in 2020.Phil Grigor BDA Scotland National Director Blog Tags Scotland


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Due to several inquiries, we want to clarify that we are not hiring for any REMOTE positions at this time.Learn more
Charles E. Wolpert, CPA - Partner
Chuck is a 1981 graduate of St. Joseph's College in Rensselaer, IN. Chuck began his professional career in Indianapolis. Working there for several firms over an 8 year time frame, he was introduced to the wide range of services required by privately owned business.
In 1989, Chuck answered a call from a college friend (Tom Reed) to join him and his father at Reed & Company in Lafayette. Chuck became a partner in 1990. Chuck's experiences in Lafayette ranged from personal taxation to audited financial statements, but still largely revolved around the business and personal needs of family and closely held businesses. Industry concentrations in construction, agriculture and restaurants have developed through personal and business tax preparation.
Chuck's community services have seen him accept officer roles in Big Brother, Big Sisters of Wabash Valley, Lafayette Country Club, Lafayette Symphony Orchestra, Tippecanoe Chamber Music Society, in addition to many ad hoc volunteer committee assignments. In recent years, Chuck has enjoyed being an annual presenter at the Purdue Krannert School of Management's "Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans" - a program that provides free comprehensive instruction and guidance for disabled veterans interested in starting a business.


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Wile the sands of time
Make some wail and blubber
In the aye of the storm
You could sea it
In the wides of her eyes
Shown as bright as a thousand stars
Her pupils
As deep and rapturous
As awe
The sorrow in the whirled
Helled in a black pearl
The grid
And passing lifeless commerce
On to
They're game
For her
The sky her hood
And at her feat
Scintillating gems
To the world's end
And yon unknown
Beyond where the sleepy wrest
This poem is a tribute to a wild and free anarchist spirit anchored in nature and at home around kindred spirits, with little use for civilization's offerings of money, status and power. Free range human beings surf present reality and choose their own adventures a mist life's boundless bounty. The metaphor of a pirate may stretch for sum the sensibilities of pondered — and often ponderous — proprieties. The deep harmonies of free spirits in touch with nature run far deeper than superficial constraints of law and order. Free spirits acting outside the bounds of one or another's tribal laws would be hard pressed to do more damage to the human soul than the many machinations of so-called civilization, harboring dark unconscious farces in the tallest of social orders. The metaphor of royalty — a queen — may seem queer as a descriptor of an anarchist, even a rank description. Still, throne to the wind, such captains of destiny are happy presiding over surfboards rather than commanding Titanics. Such a precarious existence may be too exhilarating for many, but may very well be better suited to the human spirit than the many comfortable cages and designer chains so fashionable buy civilization. May we each wake to our incalculable futures and sail far beyond whatever fears we may be harboring.
Feel free to browse anarchism and radical freedom designs:


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Office Workstation Ergonomics and Positioning
How to adjust your workspace to avoid injuries.
Being a Chairborne Ranger isn't very glamorous. Unfortunately, it's also bad for our health. Studies have shown that extended seated work increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and a number of other chronic ailments. Seated work is terrible for our spines and a common source of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) that costs employers a fortune. Being in very good physical condition can reduce the likelihood of a person developing (MSDs), but this is by no means an absolute; in the U.S. Marine Corps, one of the greatest sources of loss is lower back ailments caused by seated work.
Can You Adjust?
We can't eliminate all loss caused by seated office life, but we can reduce it by incorporating more ergonomically friendly workstation components. The more adjustable the components are, the better! A worker can orient the wrists to be as straight as possible when typing and using the mouse by having the elbows roughly level with the desk surface, which may involve lowering the height of the chair. However, if this results in the chair being so low that the worker is looking upward at a non-adjustable monitor and experiencing eye and neck discomfort, then the choice will have to be made between discomfort of the eyes and neck or the wrists. Workstation components that are easily adjustable will help to eliminate this type of a conundrum. Ergonomics has been called the science (or art) of fitting the task to the person, and, so, adjustability is what makes office ergonomic components truly ergonomic. A workstation that can be adjusted to meet the needs of a greater percentage of the population than another workstation can be considered to be the more ergonomic.
The range of the chair's seat height should allow the worker to set it so the thighs can be approximately parallel with the floor. Not everyone will be 100% comfortable with their upper legs parallel with the floor, but this is an ecumenical and anatomically neutral starting point for many people and should be achievable. The chair's seat height should allow for the worker's feet to be flat on the floor. If the feet can't reach the floor, then the legs won't be properly supported; they'll be held aloft by the seat pan. The pressure placed on the upper legs at the point of contact with the seat pain could cause discomfort and impair blood circulation. This problem can also be avoided by the use of a footrest, which will support the legs. Some footrests are also adjustable.
The range of the chair's seat height should also allow the user to be at the proper height in relation to the monitor; generally speaking, a good starting point is to have the top of the monitor at approximately the same height as the eyes. Some chairs incorporate an adjustable tilting seat pan for further comfort and positioning. The backrest height should also be adjustable.
A lower back adjustment for lumbar support is available on some chairs and is a great feature since so many seat-related problems involve the lower back. Arm rests with adjustable height will allow the elbows to be at approximately 90 degrees, which is a neutral position. Elbows shouldn't be too far out laterally from the torso; the farther away from the torso they get, the farther they will be from a natural position and discomfort and strain will result. Having the elbows close to the torso is preferred, but they do not have to be pinned to the rib cage. If the arm rests are also laterally adjustable, then the worker can have support for their arms while also be in a comfortable position suitable to their particular body shape. It is not necessary that the arm rest provide all of its support at the elbows; spreading out the surface contact area helps to reduce discomfort and allow for more flexibility in positioning. To this end, some arm rests tilt like tilting seat pans, helping to support all of the arms while allowing workers to be more comfortable in their seated positions. And, this is the goal of ergonomic office workstation components, to be as adjustable as possible to suit the greatest number of workers as possible.
On Demand Ergonomics Webinar - Sitting Disease and Ergonomics: Evidence & Best Practice Solutions
Keyboards, Mice, and Wrists
There is a lot of bio-mechanical hardware in our wrists that allows our hands and fingers to do what they need to do; all this hardware is squeezed into a small space and is relatively prone to damage when abused. Just think of all the bones, tendons, muscles, and blood vessels that make the versatility of our hands possible. Some simple precautions can help to avoid the onset of MSDs affecting the wrists. A keyboard should be located on the desk so the elbows are at roughly 90 degrees and the wrists are as straight as possible when using it. If the desk and keyboard are too high, then the worker will need to raise the elbows to reach and this will strain the arms and also the shoulders. If the keyboard is too low, then the arms will be angled downward to reach it and the wrists will likely be bent upward while using it, which should be avoided. The mouse should be positioned close to the worker's side and at a height where the arm will hang naturally; the arm shouldn't be held up in an unsupported manner. As with a keyboard, the wrist should be straight as possible.
When moving the mouse around, it is ideal to have the arm and shoulder do most of the movement and not by keeping the arm stationary and bending the wrist to make mouse movements. A keyboard and mouse rest, such as a gel pad, can help to keep the wrists straight, but this should not automatically be the first option selected when dealing with wrist pain. The rest itself will result in pressure being applied to the surface area of the wrist resting on it and possibly impair blood circulation and cause discomfort. Generally speaking, if the surface of the desk is the same height as the worker's elbows, then the wrists should be fairly straight when typing and using the mouse, and a rest may not be necessary. A simple chair adjustment to get the elbows into position to keep the wrists straight is a better first option if it allows a natural position that can minimize discomfort. If this works, then it should be preferred to incorporating keyboard and mouse rests and pads for the wrists; adding components complicates things and makes it more difficult to determine which component in the overall positioning scheme is the most responsible for discomfort and the onset of MSDs.
Much of the common guidance for workstation ergonomics addresses chairs, keyboards, and mice. And, it should. MSDs of the lower back and wrists are very common and their frequency can be reduced by following ergonomic guidelines for those workstation components. But, MSDs involving the cervical vertebrae of the upper spine and all sorts of problems involving the eyeballs are also common.
Assume there are imaginary laser beams coming from the eyeballs that illustrate a worker's line of sight. Ideally, the laser beams will be roughly perpendicular to the spine. First, that means the cervical vertebrae in the neck should be in line with the spine, which is good. Second, that means the eyeballs aren't peering up or down too much; they're in a neutral position. Neutral is good. To illustrate this, relax your eyes and close them for a few seconds as if you were going to take a nap in your office chair, which is a common side effect of reading ergonomics articles. When you open your eyes, the line of sight you have is due to the neutral and natural position of the eyeballs. If what a worker looks at for 10 to 12 hours per day or more can be positioned within that general line of sight, then perhaps eye discomfort and the frequency of headaches can be minimized. A focal point slightly below the height of the eyes results in a natural, neutral, and comfortable position and this is why it's advised by ergonomic gurus.
To test this, read some text that's slightly above the height of your eyes while keeping the neck's position fixed; move only your eyes to track the text. Then, rest your eyes for a minute or so. Next, do the same thing but with the text position slightly below a horizontal plane with your eyes. Notice a difference in eye comfort or strain?
Another way of illustrating this is the typical line of sight while walking. Most humans do not walk down the street with their necks and eyes oriented so their imaginary eyeball laser beams are 100% perpendicular with the ground; most have a line of sight that is slightly below a horizontal plane with the eyes. As humans evolved, avoiding trip hazards was very important to survival. So, a line of sight a little below the horizontal plane with the eyes allowed a good scan of the horizon ahead and superb focus on the ground far enough in advance to avoid stepping on a wolverine or falling into a hole.
For the reasons above, a very common guideline for monitor placement is to have the top of the monitor roughly level with the eyes; almost everything viewed in such a position will be slightly below eye height. The focal distance is also very important; 15 to 25 inches from the eyes is a good starting point. When using multiple monitors, or other viewed materials in conjunction with a monitor, the difference in their distances from the eyes should be minimized to reduce discomfort and the onset of headaches from continuously refocusing the eyes.
Move Around!
The aforementioned guidance is standard fare for office ergonomics. But, everyone is different and one person's comfortable position may not work for another. But, there is something that everybody can do; move around! With all the adjustments built into modern workstation components, a person should be able to find a number of comfortable positions that work for them. Even slight and seemingly insignificant postural changes can be helpful when done frequently to avoid sitting in the exact same posture for half a day.
Even when a person is seated comfortably and has followed every available ergonomic guideline for seated work, the fact is that seated work is still sedentary, bad for overall health, the cause of many MSDs, very costly to employers' financial health, and relatively just evil. The best case scenario for seated work will minimize the degree to which overall health is damaged, but it still takes a back seat to standing, pun intended. So, getting up from the chair as much as possible is well advised. Getting up to shake off the ills of chairdom for a minute or two every 20 minutes or half-hour isn't exactly a fitness class, but it does get the joints moving and blood flowing. If the phone cord is long enough or if a mobile phone in the office is the norm, standing up during calls is a good way to guarantee some standing time.
There are lots of office tasks that one can do while standing to condition oneself to be on the feet as much as possible; every workplace is different and opportunities should be explored. Coworkers may look at you weird when they see you pacing around your cubicle and wonder what's going on, so feel free to tell them why; maybe others will start standing more. Sitting at a workstation isn't ideal, but this mode of work isn't going away anytime soon.
On Demand Ergonomics Webinar - Sitting Disease and Ergonomics: Evidence & Best Practice Solutions
Related Terms
Written by Maurizio Delcaro
Maurizio believes that a commitment to operational efficiency at all levels of management is the greatest factor in maximizing safety and productivity. His EHS and risk management experiences include transportation, construction, environmental remediation, and OSHA, and he moonlights as a part-time university instructor. Maurizio is credentialed as a CSP, CET, OHST, and CHST with the Board of Certified Safety Professionals and CEHT with the National Environmental Health Association.


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For the latest version of JMP Help, visit JMP.com/help.
Improve the statistical quality of your process or operation using Pareto plots. A Pareto plot is a chart that shows severity (frequency) of problems in a quality-related process or operation. Pareto plots help you decide which problems to solve first by highlighting the frequency and severity of problems.
Figure 13.1 Pareto Plot Examples


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Complete feed for growing dogs of small breeds (weight 1 – 10 kg)
turkey meat and coney meat 65 % (turkey 50 % consisting of muscle meat, heart, liver and coney 15 % consisting of muscle meat, heart, liver), turkey and coney stock 26,4 %, potato 2 %, parsnips 2 %, carrots 2 %, pomegranate seeds 1 % (dried and finely ground), mineral nutrients 1 %, salmon oil 0,5 %, green-lipped mussel 0,1 % (finely ground, naturally rich in glucosamin and chondroitin)
protein 10,4 %, fat content 5,3 %, crude ash 2,2 %, crude fibre 0,5 %, moisture content 80 %
calcium phosphorus ratio:
calcium 0,32 %, phosphorous 0,27 %
Commitment to quality
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