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Structural Biology and Protein Folding
Modern Structural Biology uses 3 experimental methods to determine medium and high resolution structures of macromolecules. These include X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) and Structural Electron Micrsocopy. Research in these areas makes extensive use of BioInformatics tools to evaluate protein superfamilies, select appropriate protein coding regions for cloning and over-expression and to analyze the results of a structure determination. Molecular biology methods are used to produce most of the proteins that are being studied. Department facilities for Structural Biology are excellent and include a new Raxis IV for cryo-crystallography and a Tecnai 200 kV Field Emission Gun (FEG) electron cryo-microscope.
X-ray crystallography
In this approach, macromolecules must be crystallized and this requires the over-expression and purification of milligram quantities of proteins and nucleic acids. Once a protein or complex is crystallized, its diffraction quality is evaluated at our in-house X-ray crystallography laboratory using either an R-axis II or IV camera system. Diffraction patterns may be collected from crystals at room temperature or at liquid nitrogen temperature. To achieve higher resolution and carry out Multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) phasing, we generally take crystals to the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven, New York) or to other synchrotrons like CHESS (Cornell University, New York) or the Advanced Photon Source (Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois).
Members of the Department are particularly interested in the structure and function of enzymes and intramolecular proteases, chaperones, large macromoleculer complexes (such as chaperone-histone complexes, restriction endonuclease-DNA complexes etc.) DNA transcription factors, annexins and proteins that interact at membrane surfaces, lipoproteins, receptors, channel forming proteins and actin binding proteins.
For more detailed information on X-ray crystallographic projects see the following home pages:
Christopher Akey
David Atkinson
Graham Shipley
Michael Rynkiewicz
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
NMR structures give a series of snapshots of the dynamic motions of macromolecules. Importantly, these macromolecules do not have to be crystallized. However, they must be stable and soluble to achieve the concentrations required for data collection. Proteins are generally over-expressed in a system that allows selective labeling with various isotopes to give more informative spectra. After peak assignments have been made, a geometrical analysis gives an ensemble of structures that do not violate the given constraints. Currently proteins up to ~30,000 may be used for de novo structural analysis, but this boundary is constantly being pushed upwards with new technology, as witnessed by a recent analysis of the GroEL-GroES complex (Nature, 2002; 418: 207-211).
Members of the Department are particularly interested in the structure and dynamics of headpiece domains, proteins which bind lipids and lipoprotein domains (please see NMR facility page).
For more detailed information on NMR projects see the following home pages:
Jim Hamilton
James McKnight
Assen Marintchev
Cryo-Electron Microscopy
The development of a practical method to prepare specimen frozen in a thin film of vitreous ice by Dr. J. Dubochet, opened the door to the structure determination of native specimen using the electron microscope (cryo-electron microscopy). This method of structural analysis can be applied to single particles (50 kDa and larger), viruses, helices and thin 2D crystals and thus is quite versatile. In particular, single particle methods have now achieved near atomic resolution 4.5-2.5 Å resolution with the advent of direct electron detectors, automated data acquisition and greatly improved software. In addition, large complexes can be studied by docking high resolution models determined by cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography and NMR within EM derived 3D density maps, to provide insights into the functions of these dynamic machines. Currently, the resolution that can be achieved depends upon a number of factors including specimen flexibility and possible damaging interactions with the air water interface. Our Structural EM facility includes a Tecnai 200 kV Field Emission Gun electron microscope with a 4K x 4K CMOS camera for medium resolution work on biological specimens and also allows us to screen suitable specimen for high resolution data collection at cryo-EM beamlines.
Members of the Faculty are currently interested in the structure of bacterial adhesion pili, actin thin filaments, viral RNA-polymerase tubes and crystals, ribosome-protein translocation channel complexes from the ER and E. coli with associated components, the apoptosome, the nuclear pore complex, membrane protein receptors and LDL particles.
For more detailed information on Structural EM projects see the following home pages:
Protein Folding
Olga Gursky
Exchangeable apolipoproteins are soluble protein components of lipoproteins that mediate cholesterol transport and metabolism and play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and several other major human disorders, including amyloidosis. Our research is focused on the structural adaptability of apolipoproteins to heterogeneous lipoproteins and to plasma. This distinct adaptability is key to apolipoproteins functions and is attributed to re-folding and re-packing of the constituent amphipathic alpha-helices. Our earlier CD spectroscopic and calorimetric analyses suggest that lipid binding by apolipoproteins is mediated via the molten globule-like state in plasma. In our on-going NIH-funded research, we analyze the smallest human apolipoprotein C-1 (6 kD) by using mutagenesis and spectroscopic techniques to1) dissect the apolipoprotein folding pathway, from partially folded monomeric to fully folded lipid-bound state; 2) test whether the helix-turn-helix motif forms an autonomous folding and functional unit in apolipoproteins; 3) determine the role of hydrophobic clustering for the nucleation and stability of the helical structure.
Our recent spectroscopic and electron microscopic studies of protein folding / unfolding on apoC-1:lipid complexes that model nascent discoidal high-density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as on-going studies of mature spherical HDL isolated from human plasma, reveal a novel mechanism of lipoprotein stabilization that is based on kinetics rather than thermodynamics. Our current work is aimed at identifying in detail the molecular origins of the high kinetic barriers that determine lipoprotein stability.
Haya Herscovitz – Chaperone-assisted protein folding
Folding and maturation of nascent proteins in the cell is dependent on the assistance of a diverse group of proteins termed molecular chaperones. These folding assistants bind to unfolded proteins, to stabilize them thus increasing their folding efficiency so that they attain their functional conformation in the overly-crowded environment occurring in the cell.
Our laboratory is interested in elucidating the details of chaperone-assisted folding of apolipoprotein B (apoB) whose correct folding involves its assembly with lipids to form very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), the precursors of low density lipoproteins (LDL). LDL is a major risk factor for developing heart disease and stroke. Therefore, it is essential to characterize the underlying mechanisms that regulate the secretion of VLDL. We have identified a number of ER-resident molecular chaperones (e.g. GRP94, ERp72, BiP, calreticulin and cyclophilin B) that interact with apoB during various stages of its maturation. We are characterizing these interactions and developing model systems to determine which of these chaperones are critical for the folding and secretion of apoB-VLDL and how do they perform their chaperone function.
In addition, we are using a proteomic approach to identify potentially novel proteins that interact with apoB and may thus be critically involved in its folding. Some might be unique to apoB and may therefore serve as targets for modulating the secretion of VLDL.
C. James McKnight
The McKnight laboratory is interested in the structure and function and folding of a variety of proteins. In particular we are interested in proteins of minimal length that are still able to form a fully native folded structure. For example, we use a combination of molecular biological, biophysical, and NMR methods to investigate the 35-residue subdomain from the headpiece domain of the F-actin-binding protein villin. The headpiece subdomain is one of the smallest folded proteins that is thermostable and monomeric, yet contains no disulfide bonds, and binds no metals. We hope to take advantage of the small size of the headpiece subdomain to bridge the gap between experimental and computational approaches to protein folding.
Backbone ribbon representation of the 35-residue subdomain from villin headpiece is shown in the image to the right.


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Welcome to Elivia's Crystal Emporium!
Elivia's Crystal Emporium is open by appointment or you can visit her Crystal Singing Bowls and Stone Friends when she exhibits at San Diego Holistic Expos and Psychic Fairs. Visit our calendar to find the next event.
For those who can't attend in person, we're happy to provide photos and ship nationwide. She has the largest selection of crystals, gemstones and frosted singing crystal bowls for sale in San Diego County and regularly stocks those unique and hard to find crystal beings!
If you're interested in learning more about crystals and how to use them for healing, manifestation and higher awareness, along with her "Special Crystal Offerings and Sales" be sure to sign up for the Newsletter.
To find out when the next workshop will be held, visit our calendar.

subset: commoncrawl


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Does it Make Dollars and Sense? Examining the Costs of Building Technology
Technology is the driving force behind successful business. As such, multifamily operators are often asking themselves whether it makes more sense to buy technologies from a supplier partner or to build the technology in-house. This piece, found on Multi-Housing News, uncovers reasons why Ashley Yax of Village Green and Brian Samson from Mobile Doorman believe buying technology is the best option for today's busy multifamily operators and their even busier IT departments.


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Abandoned properties in Baltimore's Oliver neighbourhood
Where to build a freeway became not only an economic decision, but also a moral one – a chance to uplift and sweep clean America's ghettos. But were they ghettos?
Source: Roads to nowhere: how infrastructure built on American inequality | Cities | The Guardian


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La Nuit Tresor Lancome Generic Oil Perfume 50 Grams 50 ML (001378)
Lancome launches La Nuit Tresor fragrance in February 2015. The scent is a flanker of the original Tresor from 1990.
The composition is announced as a gourmand aphrodisiac and a love potion created by perfumers Christophe Raynaud and Amandine Marie. It supposedly depicts the dark side of rose and mixes notes of black rose with Tahitian vanilla orchid absolute. There are also accords of natural incense, papyrus, patchouli and litchi praline added to the mix.
The faces of the campaign are Penélope Cruz and Ilay Kurelović and photo signed by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott. Video campaign directed by Rob Marshall.
The bottle is decorated with a diamond-shaped satin black rose and bow. The fragrance is available as 30, 50 and 100 ml Eau de Parfum.
La Nuit Tresor was created by Christophe Raynaud and Amandine Clerc-Marie


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APEX EXPO 2019 | 9-12 September | ECA Group Aerospace Solutions
Join ECA Group experts at APEX 2019
ECA Group will welcome you during APEX, in Shanghai taking place on March 12 - 13rd 2019. Visit ECA Group's experts to talk about its wide range of solutions for Aerospace and more specifically its offer for efficient IFE connectivity.
ECA Group solutions to be presented at APEX 2019
At the occasion of APEX, discover ECA Group range of solutions for Aerospace and be introduced to our In-flight entertainement cutting-edge solutions and On-board Equipment.
Come and test ECA Group's all-in-one server and wireless access point for a secure and efficient in-flight Wi-Fi connectivity: aWAP and aWAP-MS (with media server).
With aWAP and aWAP-MS, ECA Group's offer is comprehensive and modular, providing you with the most reliable, efficient and secured passengers' experience. Lightweight, compact & cost-effective, ECA GROUP IFE solution guaranties full cabin Wi-Fi coverage, high speed & high resolution streaming, protected & secured wireless network to passengers.
The aWAP range is made of two innovative very high throughput solutions:
- aWAP: a compact lightweight Access Point
- aWAP-MS: an "all-in-one" solution integrating an Access Point as a Media Server
Meet ECA Group team at APEX 2019
Visit ECA Group, have a talk with our experts. ECA Group teams are looking forward to meeting you !
Visit ECA Group, have a talk with its experts. ECA Group teams are looking forward to meeting you !Schedule a meeting


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Bird Perches and Swings-sandy perch
Birds need a variety of perches and swings to help stimulate the feet
and legs as in the natural habitats. On this page you will find
many perches from different materials.
Sandy perch for conditioning the nails and beaks,
Cotton rope perches that feel good on the feet and help to stimulate the feet,
And swings that simulate the birds movement as in a moving tree.
All these products can help with the natural and well being of your pets.
Click on any category below to view


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Draw a Neural Network through Graphviz
Graphviz is a language (called DOT) and a set of tools to automatically generate graphs. It is widely used by researchers to do visualizations in papers. Essentially, you just need to provide a textual descritption of the graph regarding its topological structure (i.e. what nodes are, how they are connected, etc) and Graphviz will figure out the layout of the image by itself. Usually, the generated layout works out well but quite often, like this post mentioned, can be a "finicky beast". So, I decide to share some tips I learned about Graphviz.
Specifically, in this post, I'll demonstrate how we can draw the Neural Network shown in the last post and use this as an example to show some tricks in Graphviz to tweak the layout 1. Let's get started!
Draw a neural network
If you do a quick search regarding "graphviz neural network example", you'll highly likely see the below picture:
This is probably the simplest Graphviz demonstration on Neural Network. The code for this picture can be obtained here.
However, when I'm preparing my last post, I'm not quite satisified with the example above. I want to clearly label all the nodes in all layers and make distinction among feature input, bias term, hidden units, and output units. So, I decide to draw one on my own.
Here is the code that generates the picture below 2. Let me briefly highlights some key points in the code:
rankdir = LR;
rankdir=LRmakes the directed graphs drawn from left to right.
splines=falsecontrols how the edges are represented and in this case, edges are drawn as line segments.
edge[style=invis]forces edges to become invisible. This is a common trick to tweak graphviz layout.
node [shape=circle, color=yellow, style=filled, fillcolor=yellow];
x0 [label=<x0>];
a02 [label=<a0(2)>];
a03 [label=<a0(3)>];
node[...]sets the default node property: specify the node shape, node color. This node property will apply to three nodes:
x0 [label=<x0>]specify the text label for node
x0. The text for label is specified in HTML-like and this is how we write subscript and superscript in Graphviz.
{...}specifies the scope of the node property. This code chunk as a whole shows how we can specify several nodes at the once with the same node property 3.
rank=sameis another trick I'll talk about later. This specifies what "layer" (or "rank" by official term) a set of nodes belongs. You can read the official doc for the details.
x0->...->x3specifies the relative position of the four nodes. Since the graph is arranged from left to right (indicate by
rankdir = LR), then the "layer" is vertical. Then by
x0->...->x3, the first node will be
x0, followed by
x1, and so on. Also, we have
edge[style=invis]and this will hide the edges among these four nodes. This is how we draw the NN layers.
- This line is used to prevent tilting of the graph. As you can see, we specify
how the nodes should be arranged in a layer but we don't much constraint on how
the layers should be positioned except
rankdir=LR, which says layers should be ordered from left to right.
a02->a03says layer with
a02should be lined up with layer with
l0 [shape=plaintext, label="layer 1 (input layer)"];
{rank=same; l0;x0};
- This code chunk is how we add label text to each layer. As you can see we use
another node
l0with shape
plaintext, which says
l0is just a text message. Then we connect it with the first node of layer 1
x0, which serves as attaching the text to the layer 1.
edge[style=solid, tailport=e, headport=w];
- We specify the edge style again. This will only affect the edges after this setup
not before. One small trick here is
tailport=e, headport=w. This will let all the edges point to the same position.
{x0; x1; x2; x3} -> {a12;a22;a32;a42;a52};
{a02;a12;a22;a32;a42;a52} -> {a13;a23;a33;a43;a53};
{a03;a13;a23;a33;a43;a53} -> {O1,O2,O3,O4};
- This code chunk is how we actually draw the edges. In the simple example above, it explicitly draws the edges between two nodes. It is quite pain to do. Above code chunk provides a simpler way to achieve the same purpose.
Graphviz tricks
From our NN drawing example, there are two recurring tricks when we tweak Graphviz picture layout:
- Invisible nodes/edges
- Rank constraints
Invisible nodes/edges
In the above example, we use invisible edges to specify the ordering of nodes within
each NN layer. In addition, we use node with
plaintext shape to specify the text label
in the layer.
Usually, we use invisible edges to specify what nodes should line up and sometimes
we use invisible nodes to take up space to keep the graph in a specific structure.
This SO post
demonstrates how we can use invisible nodes and edges in combination to create
a fancy picture.
This SO post
is another example to show how to use "invisible edges" (it uses another trick called
group attribute).
Rank constraints
If you check official doc, here is what rank does:
Rank constraints on the nodes in a subgraph. If rank="same", all nodes are placed on the same rank. If rank="min", all nodes are placed on the minimum rank. If rank="source", all nodes are placed on the minimum rank, and the only nodes on the minimum rank belong to some subgraph whose rank attribute is "source" or "min". Analogous criteria hold for rank="max" and rank="sink". (Note: the minimum rank is topmost or leftmost, and the maximum rank is bottommost or rightmost.)
Let's demonstrate this description with a simple example 4:
digraph G
{rank=source; a->b;}
{rank=same; c->d;}
This example gives a graph with two rows.
a->b is above
However, if I change
{rank=source; a->b;} to
{rank=min; a->b;}, we'll
end up with one row:
a->b will be to the left of
c->d. This is due to
the difference between
min and
min allows other subgraphs in the
minimum rank. However,
source only allows other subgraphs of
min or
to be on the minimum rank (we have
same in this case).
sink and
max works similarly. For instance, the below example gives a picture
c->d at the top and
a->b at the bottom:
digraph G{
{rank=sink; a->b;}
{rank=same; c->d;}
Of course, Graphviz is not the only tool that can produce beautiful pictures. TikZ is another popular tool. You can check out its NN example for comparison. ↩
Technically, the code used to generate the blog NN picture is this one but the code I explained above is much more concise. ↩
Check out this SO post for more examples on grouping nodes with the same attributes. ↩
The example is adapted from this SO post. ↩


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Wild Life Tours
Nal Sarovar – Bird Sanctuary. One Hour drive and then boat trip of sanctuary. For Flamingoes, Pelicans, Cranes and other water birds.
Explore the sanctuary – Thol Lake Bird Sanctuary
Thol lake bird sanctuary is a shallow freshwater body surrounded by marshes on the edge and scrubby forest embarking the sides. The lake sanctuary covering an area of 7 square kilometers was declared officially in 1988 and is also known by the name of Thol Bird Sanctuary.


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|GSAK (Geocaching Swiss Army Knife)
- Index
This option will allow you to open up a new "split screen" type view which is separate from GSAK. It is actually another program (like the macro editor) and communicates with GSAK via a client/server paradigm. This allows you to move the screen to another monitor and position or maximize to suit. You can use the "Dual screen" as a substitute for the split screen or in addition to.
Notes about the "Dual screen"
1. You can have both a split screen and dual screen running at the same time
2. You can have a different format in your dual screen to your split screen
3. Uncheck the "make active" (recommended for dual monitor users) box to let GSAK take focus when the dual screen is started. For single monitor users you may want to leave this box checked otherwise it may appear to you that the dual screen is not showing on start up.
4. The dual screen program will automatically be shut down when gsak terminates.
How would a single monitor user take advantage of this feature?
Perhaps there is a format you like to look at every now and again but don't want to make it your permanent split screen format.
By setting this format to your "dual screen" you can then just click on the Dual screen program in the task bar to see. Then back again to GSAK when finished. I would think this may be a better alternative than having to continually swap formats in the split screen.
Copyright 2004-2019 CWE Computer Services
Privacy Policy Contact


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Orlando, FL – When one talks about regular AC maintenance in Orlando, the first thought that is sure to crop up in your mind is that the service is going to add a new expense to your annual budget. With a number of other expenses to meet, including the major one of high energy bills due to the constant use of the cooling unit during the summer months, system maintenance is seen by most home owners as an additional and unnecessary expense.
Most property owners in Orlando view service and maintenance checks as a complete waste of time and precious money, and therefore ignore it completely. Statistics show that out of a total population of home owners who number around 113.6 million, around 94 million property owners have some form of cooling unit in their properties to enjoy a pleasant weather in the summer months. Out of the number of people who have some type of cooling system installed in their homes, around 41% have been reported to avoid and completely ignore employing AC contractors in Orlando for the regular maintenance of their cooling systems. This considerable majority then has to suffer great inconvenience and a significant dent in their yearly budget, in order to get the major problems fixed within the earliest time frame possible. Sometimes, the negligence to opt for regular system maintenance can very well cost a home owner the astronomical expense of the purchase of an entirely new system. This is a common result in the case of a system break down.
The additional expenses and the associated hassle of choosing and installing a new system, or waiting for the repair of the broken unit, could easily have been avoided if the home owners had opted for the regular maintenance of their previous cooling units. This negligence makes a huge dent in their monthly and annual expense budgets.
By availing the services of an expert air conditioner repair professional, you can not only save a huge amount of money from being wasted, but also ensure more efficient and effective residential cooling units.
Air conditioning units require regular filter checkup and the parts need to be cleaned to ensure maximum efficiency of the system. Parts need to be kept lubricated to avoid friction and clean filters ensure dust free high air quality within the property. Another significant benefit to be enjoyed from regular AC system maintenance includes a great reduction in energy bills with highly efficient cooling units.
Energy bills soar high especially in the summer months with the use of AC systems, and with regular maintenance the energy utilized by the unit will decrease, letting home owners enjoy a cut in their monthly energy and utility bills.
Statistics show that an estimated saving of 30% is possible in energy bills, for home owners, if they opt for proper maintenance of their residential cooling units. If the air flow issues of the air cooling systems is resolved, it alone would amount to a 10% energy saving. So, the next time you think that a friend is literally wasting money by opting for an AC maintenance service, realize that they are actually saving a decent amount and ensuring the high efficiency of their home cooling units.
ABC Air Conditioning & Heating Specialist in Orlando
ABC Air Conditioning & Heating Specialist in Orlando is known for being a company that genuinely cares about people and values their business. Our services include: Orlando Air Conditioning Service, Orlando Air Conditioning Installation, Orlando Air Conditioning Repair, Orlando Heating Service, Orlando Heating Installation & Orlando Heating Repair. Our commitment to service is why customer referrals are our number one source of new business. If you are looking for a quality HVAC repair company in the Orlando area, ABC Air Conditioning & Heating Specialist, Inc. is the company for you. Please call (407) 282-2280 today!


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By Isabella Keats
Seven months ago on March 17, Premier Doug Ford declared a state of emergency in the province due to Covid-19. During the initial lockdown plenty of new things happened and as most people like to focus on the down side, I'm here to shine light on the good that came from Covid-19 and quarantine.
Our federal government created CERB (Canada Emergency Response Benefit), which provided financial support to those who were employed or self-employed and were directly impacted by the pandemic. CERB helped people continue to pay rent, buy food, and pay bills. A motion like this was unprecedented; the federal government had never given out comparable financial support on such a mass scale before. Speaking of rent, the provincial government encouraged landlords to defer rent payments if the tenant was unable to pay it at the pre-arranged date.
Municipally, a brand new program was created to encourage those staying inside in Toronto to go out and social distance while doing exercise. Active T.O included walking, running and cycling, with Toronto closing roads to give cyclists more space.
Even though many businesses and employees struggled because of Covid-19, there was some corporate benefit. Grocery store employees got a temporary pay raise to compensate them for working at risk, and new jobs were created with purposes such as counting customers, watching sanitation stations, taking temperatures, and cleaning surfaces. On a smaller scale some businesses benefited off of people needing masks and made some profit.
The pandemic provided some very needed relief to the environment. Due to fewer emissions from travel, the fine particulate matter in our air decreased by 17%. Fine particulate matter are tiny particles in our air that can reduce visibility and cause the air to look hazy when levels are high. It's also an air pollutant that is a concern for people's health when levels in our air become high, meaning that our air quality improved during the lockdown. There were also increased sightings of animals in cities that weren't typically seen at such a high rate. Peacocks, pumas, coyotes, and goats were seen wandering city streets across the world due to a decrease in human density outdoors.
Humans are creative beings, and even though we were stuck in our houses due to a global pandemic, we still found ways to keep social. We communicated and showed support online to our friends and family through facetime calls, group chats, video game headsets, or just texting. Neighbours became closer to one another as they were often the only people we saw frequently, and many people adopted more pets. Even though lockdown was quite boring at times, we still found things to do. People took up a variety of new hobbies such as baking and puzzles. For a period of time the flour at a lot of grocery stores was sold out and puzzles increased in popularity; many websites were sold out. We also had the time to finish any shows or movies that we wanted. According to the BBC, Netflix gained 16 million new sign-ups during quarantine. The impact that creators like singers, youtubers, and streamers have on society was clearly demonstrated as many were still able to produce content accessible to society. On March 28, Twitch had a livestream where singers could play their music and interact with their community. It was also a charity stream where they raised money for the United Nations Foundation.
I know personally a great deal happened during quarantine. I found new hobbies like baking and sewing, and I even learned that writing is something I'm very passionate about. I learned how I deal with stressful situations and how I cope when the world is a mess. As much as I always say quarantine sucked, I'm glad I learned all the things I did.
Photo By Anthony Quach (Instagram @416Toronto1)


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The Editors: Catholics must combat racism and bigotry at every turn.
On Saturday Aug. 12, 2017, a "Unite the Right" rally was organized by white nationalists in Charlottesville, Va., in opposition to the planned removal of a statue of Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee by the city of Charlottesville. Participants in the rally, many drawn from far distances, chanted Nazi-inspired slogans like "Blood and Soil" and "Jews will not replace us!" A day fraught with tension was then tragically punctuated by bloodshed, when a driver, later identified as a member of a white supremacist movement, drove his car into a crowd of peaceful counterprotesters and one person died, while more than two dozen were injured.
It should seem obvious—an automatic reflex—to condemn the white supremacy, racism and hate that led directly to this unconscionable violence. It certainly is to our fellow Americans whose lives are haunted daily by the specters of racism and anti-Semitism. Yet it was not obvious to the president of the United States. At least twice Mr. Trump publicly expressed a moral equivalence between the hatemongers who had organized and led the demonstration and the contingent that had assembled to stand up to bigotry and intolerance. It is not possible to parse this failure of leadership in any way but to conclude that the president is either unable or unwilling to provide the moral witness his office requires.
The president is either unable or unwilling to provide the moral witness his office requires.
It therefore falls to the people to act. In the face of bigotry there can be no ambivalence: We must denounce in sure and certain terms all forms of white supremacy, anti-Semitism and violence, which stubbornly remain a part of the American experience. We must also acknowledge that this legacy of racism and oppression manifests itself today in unjust social and economic realities that tear at our nation's social fabric and put lives, especially the lives of people of color, at risk. "We stand against the evil of racism, white supremacy and neo-nazism," a statement of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops said over the weekend. "We stand with our sisters and brothers united in the sacrifice of Jesus, by which love's victory over every form of evil is assured."
In the face of bigotry there can be no ambivalence.
We join the bishops in condemning these odious ideologies of oppression and remember Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s clarion call for action: "The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy." We also harken to the words of St. Ignatius Loyola, that "love manifests itself more in deeds than in words." Above all, then, now is the time to act, peacefully, in our churches, our local communities and legislative bodies and, particularly, in the human interactions of our daily lives. For all Catholics, but especially white Catholics, taking these actions may require deep and even painful conversion: "History, like prayer, matters when addressing the deep roots of racism in the Catholic Church and in Catholic families," Michael Pasquier wrote in America in 2016. "[But] thinking about the past and kneeling in prayer can be a lot easier than living in the present and turning faith into action…. [As white Catholics] we will have to admit to some terrible sins, sins that we were born and raised into, sins that we have kept alive in what we have done and in what we have failed to do."
The way forward is not the lex talionis, nor to pile hate upon hate. The way forward is the way of the penitent and prophet. We must act boldly on behalf of those who are persecuted, or who are in danger of persecution. But we must proceed in humility, from the lived acknowledgment that we are sinners redeemed in Christ and that we are called to reconcile in turn. Christian duty requires us to clearly name and denounce evil. It requires us to act against that evil at every turn. It also requires us to seek to love the evil-doer and not to give up hope that they may realize their errors and seek redemption. That will be, perhaps, the most vexing work of all.
The just world we are called to create will require from each of us nothing less than the radical acts of love and mercy to which the Gospel testifies. Let us ask then for the abundant grace to act, in peace, for justice. Let us pray, let us plead, for the courage to act now.
At least twice Mr. Trump publicly expressed a moral equivalence between the hatemongers who had organized and led the demonstration and the contingent that had assembled to stand up to bigotry and intolerance.
There is hate, bigotry and intolerance on both sides. Mr. Trump has come out against all this hate, bigotry and intolerance. Trump has said so more than once.
Why are the editors at America only against part of the hate? Which hate do you countenance?
Would it be more accurate to have written
At least twice Mr. Trump publicly expressed condemnation of the neo Nazi hate mongers with brutal weapons that had organized and led the demonstration and the hate mongers that had assembled with equally brutal weapons to challenge them. The hate mongers that challenged the Neo Nazis have a history of violent brutal action.
I have a question for the editors. Would anyone had been hurt if the police kept the two sides apart as the Seattle police did the day after Charlottesville? One side in Seattle was a pro Trump peaceful free speech assembly but the counter protestors were the same organizations as in Charlottesville that were counter protesting and were armed to do harm.
Also there was a similar but smaller rally just a month ago (July 8th) in Charlottesville and the police acted responsibly then.
Racism is based on ignorance, irrationality and arrogance. It is also hateful, inconsistent with the statements in the Declaration of Independence and has nothing to do with "love your beother", i.e., Christianity.
We should be working - starting with the President - to educate, think or. at least, pretend to be humble. All forms of racism or grouping people, based on color or ethnicity, are illogical and destructive. It is hard to truly love someone who wants to exterminate you from the face of the earth.
I am very confused. Did you not see the neo Nazis marching through town with torches and chants? Curious how you see that as peaceful assembly. It was hateful and egregious behavior that should never be tolerated. Standing against bigotry of all types is not equivalent to assembling to spread hate. I am not sure what doctrine you are following, but hate is not a Christian value. Sorry, but its not.
I am not sure what doctrine you are following, but hate is not a Christian value. Sorry, but its not.
So you then must condemn the hatred on both sides in Charlottesville. I agree. The editors are condoning hate on one side by not denouncing it.
As I said below in another comment this has nothing to do with race which is the sad thing about all of this.
So you seem to be equating protesting against the hate group demonstrations as another hate group demonstration. So how, in your universe, can you protest against hate groups marching in your own town?
The only equivalence between the white Supremacists and and Anti-fa is the use of violence in support of their causes. The key difference between the two groups is that the White Supremacists and Neo-Nazis were in Charlottsville to foment racism, bigotry and violence and are therefore domestic terrorists. The Ant-fa is not a hate group. They are a group that actively opposes Neo-Nazi movements in our country and throughout the world. Their resistance to Nazi propaganda and activity is admirable but their use of violence as a means to resist it is not.
They viewed their presence in Charlottesville as acting as protection or a buffer between the terrorist groups and the unarmed, peaceful demonstrators who were protesting the presence of hate groups in the Charlottesville comunity.
The Anti fa is certainly a hate group and look for violence against those whom they disagree with. There was a smaller but similar rally in Charlottesville just a month before and the police kept the two groups apart and there was no violence between the two groups. The Anti Fa complained that they were kept apart and at the next rally last weekend the police let them clash. The Anti fa were not there for protection but looking for a fight. If all the counter protestors did was protest there would probably had been no violence.
Everywhere the Anti Fa goes they look for violence. They represent an ideology that has killed over a hundred million people and has a history of violence. The communist flag flies at their rallies. So I would have a hard time saying they are not a hate group. The neo Nazis have held several rallies where they did not instigate violence, two within the previous three months. They are still a hate group even if they did not try to be violent in their previous rallies.
This has nothing to do with racism but politics. I have not seen one serious attempt on this website to understand the racial problems in this country. All the article are political trying to make one group look bad. That is exactly what all the articles on Charlottesville is about. It has gotten so bad that violent anti social groups are now acceptable if it meets one's political objectives.
J Cosgrove, I would suggest that you look on-line at the film of Night 1, the tiki torch march. The Nazi/ KKK/ White Supremacist marchers surrounded a group of non-violent counter protesters, standing hands-linked around a statue of Thomas Jefferson & proceeded to mace & attack them. The Nazi's / KKK/ White Supremacists outnumbered the counter protesters by about 10X1. I will also suggest you view the film of the march where the car drove into the crowd, attempting to injure/ kill at which time one young woman was killed. There was no fighting taking place, it was a peaceful march & the counter protesters were blocks away from the Nazi's / White Supremacists/ KKK.
I weep for you that you were able to find one small group within the larger group of counter protesters who reacted violently on Day 2. It appears to free you of your Christian obligation to denounce the violence & words of the Nazi's, KKK & White Supremacist without qualification. Nazi's, the KKK & White Supremacists are evil. Their words and actions condemn them.
you were able to find one small group within the larger group of counter protesters who reacted violently on Day 2.
The Anti fa are not a small group and have been fomenting violence for several years and have escalated their violence in the last 6 months. They were there to make sure there was violence. That was their objective. They tried to do it again the next day in Seattle and were thwarted by the police. They tried to do in Charlottesville a month before and were thwarted by the police. They tried to do it in Kentucky in April and were thwarted by the police. Last weekend, they were allowed to mix with neo Nazis and it is a national obsession. I blame the police and the politicians in Virginia for this.
I in no way have ever defended the neo Nazis but one can not object to just one side. The neo Nazis are a pathetic group but have now national attention they do not deserve. Both sides are extremely malevolent and should be condemned and all this attention will just feed each miserable side.
Why are people excluding a malevolent group? Why are the editors excluding a malevolent group? The title of the article is
Catholics must combat racism and bigotry at every turn
The editors and a lot of commenters don't seem to be doing that here. Why???
Also, it is always best to refrain from making personal judgments.
And almost none of this has anything to do about racism.
You are demonstrating a type of hate in your willful ignorance. The fascism of this anti fascist group has in its history of historical ignorance and hatred for any target they deem a threat to their concept of "peace." This is why they've even attacked peace monuments not to their liking. This is why they are violent arch-enemies of the pro-life movement. If they were about peace they would have a level of wisdom and know that a Civil War monument does not signify racism in any manner whatsoever. They indulge a type of Nazi thought themselves and their pretend hatred of Naziism is compensation for a repressed conscience for their own tolerance of hate and murder.
Thank you, Editors of America Magazine for your words. As an African-American Catholic, I am deeply concerned about the recent events on our country. Let us, in the words of Sister Thea Bowman to our Bishops in 1989, remember that "The Church is a family; don't let people divide you. " It is time for our Church families to come together to stand for the Gospel values of love, peace and justice. Let us together work to build the Kingdom of God.
Thank you, Boreta. Thank you for your words. Thank you for your prayers. Be assured of ours and of our resolve to work for peace.
Matt Malone, SJ, Editor in Chief.
Father. How about giving some specifics instead of simplistic platitudes for those of us who remain unenlightened.
I often wonder about the posts by Mr. Cosgrove. How does he not get it. As John McCain and so many others have made clear most recently the heads of the branches of the military and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs there can be no room in this country for hate groups that by words,symbols, paraphernalia or otherwise associate themselves with the Nazism and its philosophy of Aryan supremacy. This is a philosophy that terrorized the people of Germany and then all of Europe for more than 10 years resulting in the deaths of hundreds of millions of people. Given the sacrifices made by Americans in the effort to rid the world of this evil, the actions of these people need to be labelled as urban terrorism and they should be subject to criminal prosecution. The association of Catholics in these movements need to be labelled by our church as a grievous sin.
I often wonder about the posts by Mr. Cosgrove. How does he not get it.
Would you please explain your comment about me with something I have said. You are implying I support somehow the Neo Nazi/white supremacists protesters in Charlottesville when that is nonsense. I don't support either the protesters or the counter protesters. Both represent ideologies that are inimical to the United States and freedom. Both were violent.
As a moral matter, a prudential matter, and a philosophical matter there is no room in this country for Aryan Hate Groups, Nazis Etc etc. Very Nice....Very Easy to subscribe to!.........99.9999% of people agree with you.
Fortunately [perhaps "unfortunately" to some of the 99.999% of such subscribers) the Moral, Prudential and Philosophical must give way to THE CONSTITUTIONAL which makes clear that there is not only a place in the United States for these odious groups, but that place includes those same disreputable people standing on the street in front of your house espousing all types of horrific and offensive positions. The other 99.999% have every constitutional right to speak out just as loudly in opposition. But neither "contingent" has a right to use force of any type or to physically touch or otherwise assault each other in furtherance of its views or to oppose the views of others.
Contrary to everything you will read, "hateful speech" is constitutionally protected.
Speech which is designed or likely to cause physical action against another person is not protected. The "rub " comes in distinguishing between merely hateful speech and speech inciting such violence.......that is left to the courts and NOT to you or me and certainly not to a mob in the streets. This whole event in Charlottesville had its roots in a judge's decision that determined the City was violating the alleged "Alt Right" groups freedom of speech by limiting the where and the when of "their meeting" to protest City Council action. Those odious groups had the Constitutional high ground!
What you don't seem "to get" or refuse to recognize is that your holding the moral high ground has no special place in our constitutional world. While your hurling anathemas down from such moral high ground may be rhetorically satisfying, it is a useless and frustrating exercise ..........no US Court is going to permit the criminalization of hateful and offensive speech or groups.
Thank you, Editors, for publishing this timely article. America needs to wake up learn that it has been ignoring a crucial tie between Nazi Germany and the Confederate South for too long – just google "why-nazis-and-confederates-came-together-at-charlottesville"
Blaming both sides is very dishonest and distorts the truth. It is no wonder why many of the Republican officials themselves have raised their objection to this kind of moral ambiguity. I have just a few examples here as there are too many to list…
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, R-Fla. ""Blaming "both sides" for #Charlottesville?! No," she wrote in a tweet. "Back to relativism when dealing with KKK, Nazi sympathizers, white supremacists? Just no."
Mitch McConnell: "We can have no tolerance for an ideology of racial hatred. There are no good neo-Nazis (mine added - or good white supremacist, good KKK...), and those who espouse their views are not supporters of American ideals and freedoms"
I hope and pray that the Church can still stand for the Gospel values of love, peace, and justice in this dark moment of our society.
If you were aware that Ros-Lehtinen and McConnell in their careers have been two of the most fanatical congressional supporters of Israel's rape of Pelestine, perhaps common sense would have kept you from using these two moral lepers as ethical guideposts for the readership as it tip-toes its way through the American social and cultural minefield.
Father Malone
I do not disagree with the gist of this Editorial but I do suggest that in an effort to make its point it conveniently recasts demonstrably troubling facts.
You reference the President's putative action ....his "expressed moral equivalence between the hate mongers who had organized and led the demonstration and the contingent that had assembled to stand up to bigotry and intolerance"
Any examination of the photos of the event will demonstrate that it was no mere ....."contingent that assembled to stand up to bigotry..." but a substantial number of club wielding masked wearing , goggled , tear gas carrying people , including one dude using an aerosol can as a flame thrower.
So while the Editors are correct that there is no moral equivalency in the immeadiate cause of this awful event, there is a lot of equivalency in the violence that ensued. Your portrayal of "the contingent as assembled to stand up to bigotry " is convenient to your argument but essentially flawed and dishonest.
Father Malone
Yesterday ( two weeks after Charlottesville ) your previously described ...."contingent that assembled to stand up against bigotry" showed up again in Berkeley to oppose a group of unarmed people (who expressly disavowed White Supremacists and Neo Nazis ). As in Charlottesville, these Counter Protesters carried clubs, wore masks, hurled tear gas and pepper spray, and carried shields. These same AntiFa then attacked an unarmed, peaceful group of right wingers, as well as reporters. It was so bad and so obvious that even the Washington Post condemned their actions.
So Father Malone, your carefully crafted exoneration of the Charlottsvile counter protesters collapsed when without provocation they attacked and assaulted their perceived opposition. This event certainly demonstrated the moral equivalency of the AntiFa violence with that of the White Supremacists.
The AntiFa have demonstrated their position that they are fully justified to initiate violence in opposition to ideas they disapprove of. Those Ideas are morally and philosophically reprehensible, but the mere espousal of them cannot and does not justify their initiation of violence.
I await the Editors writing a new editorial condemning the AntiFa with the same fulsome enthusiasm and language as the above article. It would nice if the Editors could also admit the bias displayed in your original cleansing misrepresentation of that....."contingent that assembled to stand up to bigotry". But I suspect I will be waiting a long time for either a new Editorial or an apology.
The Knights of Columbus missed a great opportunity to fight the forces of evil that past members fought. Those who stood up to Know-nothings, the KKK that killed not only blacks but Catholics as well. They could stand with the Knights who fought the fascists in Italy, who fought the Nazis of Germany, and fought the Nationalists who believed in the racial superiority of the Japanese. They released a prayer to say yesterday which was supposed to be a day praying for peace and reconciliation on the feast of the Assumption. The press release mentioned the attack on the Congessmen shot at by a domestic terrorist while practicing for a baseball game. Nothing was said about the Nazis, fascists, and white supremacists spreading hate and fear and death in Charlottesville. This is my last posting. I won't try to reason anymore with those who spout political ideology and Church militants. And those who troll good people like Fr Jim and other Jesuits who take all sorts of abuse for giving their lives for Jesus while their critics sit in their comfortable kitchens condemning those who preach a Gospel of love and mercy. My uncle was Jesuit who spent around 20 years in a black urban parish and another 20 ministering to native Americans on a reservation. He would have loved Pope Francis. Another great Jesuit was Fr John Kavanaugh who wrote in the pages of America Magazine and took heat all the time for his stance against war and racial bigotry. These men are worth a thousand of the Francis critics and haters.
Mr. Cosgrove it is your equivalence between the protestors and the counter-protestors that is at the core of the anger of so many Americans to the President's ambivalent statements regarding the events in Charlottesville. Again you appear not to get the evil in this equivalence. It reflects Donald Trump's entire life filled with racist statements as well as his racist actions in the real estate business beginning when he worked with his father redlining their apartments to insure they would not be rented to African-Americans.
Mr. Heyman,
There are extremely destructive ideologies on both sides of the protests in Charlottesville. Thank God, they represent a very small number of people in the United States.
They do not have good intentions. What is absurd is to have to point this out. What is even more absurd is for someone to call this moral equivalence by pointing this out. By not condemning the malevolent forces on one side it is tantamount to condoning these malevolence forces.
So are you condoning malevolent groups which both advocate and act on the harming of others?
The major cause for the dysfunction of the Black community in the United States are policies by the Democratic Party over the years. So are the white liberals the real racists in this country? Is one who votes and supports the Democratic Party a racist? I could make a good case for this.
So I would refrain from personal accusations of racist attitudes especially if you have ever supported the Democratic Party.
And by the way the public outcry by various people about Charlottesville has nothing to do with race. And the editors know this.
"The major cause for the dysfunction of the Black community in the United States are policies by the Democratic Party over the years."
Please name a city or state where Republican policies have produced superior results for blacks.
Amazing. America recently ran a puff piece on eco-warriors who are doing violence against companies building a pipeline. Now, in this piece we see the fascistic Antifa referred to "as the contingent that had assembled to stand up to bigotry and intolerance literally." In other words, the Left-wing fascists who fought the Right wing fascists. They are both vile, un-Christian, and evil. The disturbing thing is America is becoming increasingly comfortable with the "correct" type of violence. I doubt that is what Jesus would have preferred, but America has always been social justice first, spirituality second.
Here is the article I mentioned in my earlier comment above. https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2017/08/04/pipeline-protesters-cite-catholic-worker-movement-inspiration. As I stated, America is comfortable with "correct" type of violence.
I find there to be a distinction between "violence" against property and violence against human beings. Is that not something we can agree on?
Regarding the tragedy that befell Charlottesville this past weekend, there are a few things that should be kept in mind. The claimed reason for the march by the protesters in the first place was their objection to the removal of the statue of Lee. They did't want to see their history erased. The problem with that reasoning is that the "history" they refer to is the history of the Confederacy, not that of the United States. The Civil War was a war for a number of Union states to secede from the Union. That war was a war of treason regarding "States' Rights" and the justification for slavery. Lee was a traitor to the United States of America in leading the Confederate troops in battle against the troops of the country. Because the US fought against Germany in WW2 does the "history" of that struggle justify erecting statues of Hitler and his generals in our parks and before our courthouses? Because Lee was a native of Virginia apparently justified the statue in question. You won't find many statues of Hitler in Germany because he was a native German. The only markers there are to the Jewish families who were taken from their homes and sent to die.
"White Supremacy" means that the members of that cause, white supremacists or klansmen, believe that whites are superior to all other races by nature of the color of their skin. If we go back far enough we all came from Africa, descendants of Adam and Eve. How the various ethnic differences came to be is known to the Almighty and to Him alone. Because the white race got to be white instead of red or black or brown or yellow does not constitute supremacy in any form.
"White Nationalists" want to send all non-caucasians out of the country so that the United States is exclusively white and, if truth be told, Protestant. Where does that leave the Catholic population? Jews are named first as not wanted, but at what point does "other" include a whole host of those who now feel unthreatened by this group? At what point do Methodists become disenfranchised, and then Lutherans, and then Baptists and on and on? This past weekend was not about free speech but rather about "hate speech." There is a difference.
I will not get into the politics of this matter. It makes no difference. I happen to be a moderate Democrat, however I do not believe in abortion or same sex marriage or capital punishment or any one of many other labels conservatives use when brandishing their broad brushes against the Democratic Party. We are none of us the same. If we use a single theme to either support or decry a fellow citizen, we are not being honest with ourselves. As an example, abortion is a decision made by one person, whether there is a law against it or not. There have been laws in the world for as long as there has been civilization. "Thou Shalt Not Kill" does not prevent gang members or drug lords from killing. A law against speeding does not keep everyone at or under the speed limit. Each choice made must be answered for in eternity. However to not stand up for the law is aiding and abetting the sinner, whether that be a killer or a speeder or a racist.
Donald Trump ran on the message "Make America Great Again". What he's done is Make America Hate Again. The racism to which he has given his blessing has been with us for the entire history of our country. It's not likely to disappear based on a few comments on a website like this one. Since the 60's those with hateful views haven't lost those views, but just kept them under wraps. It wasn't "politically correct." The term "politically correct" has been made into a four-letter word since he started his campaign. What it really means is to respect one another. Being polite and giving as much of an ear to another's point of view as we impart our own - that's being politically correct. We have become a nation of extremists. We stay in our own silos listening only to those who share our own opinions. Moderates are necessary and compromise is essential to maintain a democracy. Perhaps we should spend more time on that than on tearing each other down.
Your view of what constitutes a nations history is to say the least..."cramped". While the victors always write history they cannot write out their adversaries, nor do they usually wish to. After all who wants to have defeated "what 's his name" or to deprecate the skills of the person who you vanquished.
In case of the US Civil War you really should read that history before you write it off as not OUR history. It is after all rather difficult to have a Civil War without there being two sides and as such it is Our History.
General Lee received amnesty from President Johnson (over an attempted pocket denial by Sec of State Seward) and his citizenship was restored by President Gerald Ford and an act of Congress sponsored by that paragon of the Democratic Party , Sen Harry Byrd! At a ceremony at the Custis Lee Mansion on the grounds of Arlington National Cemetary President Ford said:
."........As a soldier General Lee left his mark on military strategy. As a man he stood as the symbol of valor and duty. As an educator, he appealed to reason and learning to achieve understanding and to build a stronger nation.."
Given that tribute by President Ford, this is exactly where this matter quiescently stood for almost 45 years until this wave of politically correct thinking emerged to castigate and eliminate anything that opposes it ....including apparently history itself. Talk about a slippery slope!!
This approach is simply intellectually bankrupt. The current Politically Correct view of OUR history will itself inevitably be consigned to the dust bin by the next "better" wave of even more politically correct thinking. The trouble with being an coastal elitist is that if you are successful you cease to be elite unless you can create another more even "elite" POLITICAL CORRECT position in order to distinguish yourself from the less well informed, non avant-garde , hoi polloi.
Then maybe we should start by admitting that bigotry and racism is not a one direction thing. If we battle reverse racism, that directed towards white people, then we will eventually end ALL racism. And I am saying this as someone that is Asian, female, and Jewish...before I get called a neo nazi. Sad world we live in. I just hate unfairness.
A "Morning Meditation" by Pope Francis called "Never exclude" (Nov. 5, 2015) is especially pertinent to this discussion.
It is by our deeds that Jesus asks us to include everyone, the Pope said, because as Christians "we do not have the right" to exclude others, nor to judge or close the doors on them. This "attitude of exclusion" is at the root of all wars, large and small, Pope Francis said.
Referring to the day's passage from the Letter to the Romans (14:7-12), Pope Francis noted that … it is "Christ who unites, who makes unity; Christ who, by his sacrifice on Calvary, made it so that all people are included in salvation".
"The attitude Paul wants to emphasize is precisely the attitude of inclusion", the Pope explained. In fact, the Apostle "wants them to be inclusive, to include everyone, as the Lord did. He admonishes the Romans: 'And you, with that which the Lord has made, why do you pass judgment on your brother? Or you, why do you despise your brother?'". Hence the Apostle "makes them feel that they have an attitude which is not the Lord's", because "the Lord includes. In another passage Paul also says: 'From two peoples he has made one'", while these people, instead, "exclude".
"When we pass judgement on a person", Pope Francis continued, "we create exclusion", perhaps saying: "Not with this man, not with this woman, not with this one... no". In doing so, "we remain in our little group and we are selective, and this is not Christian"….
"Jesus' attitude", however, "is to include". Here, the Pope explained, "there are two possible paths: the path of excluding people from our community and the path of including". The first, "though to a limited degree, is at the root of all wars: all disasters, all conflicts begin with exclusion". There is exclusion "from the international community, but also from families: among friends, how many fights!". Instead, "the path that Jesus shows us, that he teaches us, is completely different, and it is opposed to the other: to include"….
God has included everyone in salvation, everyone!". And "this is the beginning: we, with our weaknesses and our sins, with our envy and jealousy, always have this attitude of excluding which, as I said before, can end in war".
Jesus does the same as the Father did, "when he sent him to save us: he seeks us out to include us, to enter a community, to be a family".
It seems that the message of this article seems to be that a significant percent of the "white population" in the U.S. are in some way racist but most of us don't recognize it. If this is the message of the Editors, I think it is an exaggeration that lacks a context. This does not mean many of us should not recognize that some of us and some of our language inadvertently fuels racism. Unfortunately, racism exists not just in the white community.
I believe that most Catholics and Christians condemn all forms of discrimination and racism. Clearly, not everyone stands up and 'acts' against racial stereotypes and language that reflects, in part, a hidden or latent racism. However, what percent of Americans are 'racist' and how to we define it? If we define racism in its broadest terms, many of us will fall into this category. In other words, are we racist if we sometimes use inappropriate and irresponsible language that implies negative racial stereotypes? I say yes. Does racism reside in the white and black community, other communities? I say yes. However, in what degree? Are we exaggerating it or just condemning any form of it regardless of its frequency or degree?
How would we define what Obama did when he jumped to conclusions about what happen in Ferguson? When his Justice Department found false the 'hands up don't shoot' defense but did find that a black man violently tried to take the gun from the police officer, then threaten him, Obama never retracted his initial reaction. What about Obama's reaction to the events in other locations where there was a confrontation between while policemen and black men leading to the death of a black man? How do we define things when the main street media does not report a truthful account of what happened, but only focus on the things that suite a far left political ideology? Or will the Editors say I am exaggerating here?
I did agree with the Editors that every time we see Neo-Nazi and KKK rallies and violence, all of us should speak out against it by our words 'and' actions. Maybe I missed something, but I thought Trump condemned these groups in no uncertain terms, yet the press ignored it....and the Editors failed to mention it as well.
I also agree that reminding us of the Gospel teachings to love God and neighbor is a most important moral teaching we should be guided by. However, general principals provide less of a solution when the issue at hand is both complex and full of particular details and circumstances...e.g., racism. Clearly there is racism in this country. However, are most white people racist but don't realize it? Are white people guilty of white privilege (whatever that means)? What about those that are not white? Is racism justified if you are black? Let's get more specific. If some Catholics are racist, who are they? What percent of Catholics are racist who attend weekly Mass (e.g., 1%, 15%, 50%)? What percent of all Catholics are racists? Is white racism the cause of the problem we saw in Charlottesville? Or are those who posit these questions (like myself) missing the point according to the Editors?
Unfortunately, while I agree with the Editors about our Catholic obligation, I question precisely what the Editors are trying to say. Is this article another attempt to declare that Trump is irresponsible, even evil, because they believe he is fueling racism in the U.S.?
Maybe you don't really understand the feeling of people of color as you are a white person. I believe that most white people are nice and decent and not racist, especially in the metropolitan areas. However, in the more rural and small town areas, there are a significant number of white people who are not comfortable with people of different color. I said this based on my own experience. Images of the white supremacists, white nationalists going around with torches, Nazi symbols, white hoods, etc. make me sick and scare.
About your last question, "…Trump is irresponsible, even evil, because they believe he is fueling racism in the U.S?" The answer is the resounding YES, if you don't see that then you are kidding yourself. How many white nationalists, white supremacists publicly did come out to show their appreciation for Trump because they perceived that he is supporting them? I watched a few of them calmly and confidently talking about their cause and their dream, i.e. bring back segregation, in the interviews with mainstream news like ABC, CBS, etc.
The only ways for you to defeat evil is to accept that there is evil. Otherwise, you are just a victim of its deception.
Peace be with you,
Mr Fang
Your comments reflect an hysteria that feeds itself into a greater frenzy with each passing event. This is beginning to look like the Salem Witch Trials where unfounded fears bred unfounded evils. I am reminded of your comments in these pages about the ejection of David Dao by the police from a United Airlines flight where you immediately attributed "anti Asian prejudice" as the cause of that event before any of the facts were known ........facts which when disclosed demonstrated just how baseless you accusation was. I have no idea what specific events in people's lives such as yours have brought them to such points of hyper sensitivity that but it is entirely unfair of you to assert that anyone who does not agree with your heightened sensitivity is perpetrating yet another offense against you.
Trump fueling racism?: Have you accused President Obama of fueling racial prejudice with his comments on the Henry Gates matter in Cambridge?...., or the Ferguson /Michael Brown matter?
Have you suggested that President Obama is responsible because in response to Ferguson etc a number of police were executed? .....riots ensued....buildings were burned....shop keepers' livings were destroyed. Did President Obama signal his personal support because he sent three White House Representatives to Michael Browns funeral but none to the funerals of the slain police officers?
I do not think Obama is responsible for those events. But your assertion that Trump fuels racism because of events that followed if applied to Obama would indicate that President Obama is indeed directly responsible for these cop killings, riots, and loss of employment.
I may be a little bit too sensitive because I am a minority. But here is the very words of Mitt Romney on Facebook yesterday about Trump - "what he communicated caused racists to rejoice, minorities to weep, and the vast heart of America to mourn" – Is he hysterical too?
Trump's statements are so despicable even for CEO of Fox network, a perennial conservative, had to speak up "What we watched this last week in Charlottesville and the reaction to it by the President of the United States concern all of us as Americans and free people. . . . I can't even believe I have to write this: standing up to Nazis is essential; there are no good Nazis. Or Klansmen, or terrorists…" - Is he also overreacting?
Can you explain why the white supremacy, white nationalism suddenly feel emboldened these days?
I leave it to your own rational conscience to make your own conclusion.
Mr Fang
Can you explain the rise in anti police sentiment and the execution/murders of more than 5 policemen after President Obama spouted off about Michael Brown etc? Why did Far Left groups take to the streets in New York etc to chant " death to the police ". Considering that eye witness testimony, physical evidence, and video tapes definitively exonerated the Police Officer in the Brown matter, was President Obama's premature indictment of the officer a despicable outrage?
While President Trump' s grevious sin was "blaming both sides for the violence"....President Obama wrongly blamed just the police officer.. remember "Hands up, don't shoot" . Search your own conscience on this comparison for why you are now screaming about the injustice of Trump's remarks but ignored the patent injustice of President Obama's remarks.
You need to remember that disagreement with you does not constitute support for new Nazis, white supremists, or racist skin heads.
You keep on referring to the Ferguson's incident as a comparison. It seems that you ignore a huge, huge difference between the 2 incidents –public reaction. Was there any public outcries, backlash, or anything like this with respect to what Obama said or did in the Ferguson's incident? On the contrary, you saw a convulsive uproar from many, many prominent political, business, military, and religious figures against what Trump said in the Charlottesville's incident including top republican politicians as Paul Ryan, Mitch McConnell, John McCain, Bob Corker, etc., to the mass resignation of top tier CEOs from Trump various councils, to the top military leaders, etc.
I end this thread with a simple question to you – please explain to me as a non-native minority citizen in plain English what Mitt Romney's words mean: "…RACITS TO REJOICE, MINORITIES TO WEEP…"
Mr Fang
You did not see a huge public uproar over Obama's remarks because any critic of Obama's was/is immediately branded as a RACIST. If the Ferguson reference troubles you, check out President Obama's equally precipitous and erroneous comments about the Baltimore Riots , where again the police were vindicated ( by a black judge) and again police officers were killed in the aftermath.. As to Mr Romney I believe he is still wincing from his famous "47% will vote for President Obama no matter what" because they get free stuff. I am quite sure that to Mr Romney the concept his having lost the Presidency and Trump winning it assures his eternal enmity to Mr Trump. There is little question that Mr Romney is a far finer person than Trump and thankfully does not have the same thin skin. But you can be assured that Trump winning and his losing the Presidency will be a burr under Romney's skin that will never heal. The Media and Mr Obama were joint passengers on "The Love Boat". The Media and Mr Trump share the stage at a national version of "The Jerry Springer Show" ...little wonder the CEOs fled....they feared being hit by one of those flying chairs or roughed up the Media goons waiting in the wings.
Just because I am white does not make me insensitive or ignorant of the feelings of people of color. I grew up in Brooklyn NY and lived in Texas and other states. I had friends who were white, black and hispanic. In my life I have witnessed discrimination towards others and believe that some people are racist. I get it.
I do agree with you that in some areas of the south racism is more prevalent that in the northern cities. Most people understand this if they are paying attention to what is happening in our society. Most people condemn all forms of racism. However, we live in a society where the far-right and far-left have rigid positions where bigotry and identity politics are fueling hatred and violence. Congress does nothing because no one is willing to compromise. The excuse: politicians claim they will compromise on the issues but not on their principles. However, when everything is a 'principle' the nothing gets done because there is no compromise.
To say that Trump is evil because he is fueling racism in the U.S. is an over reaction and irresponsible. Just because hate groups support Trump does not make him a supporter of hate groups. How many times does Trump have to say that he condemns Neo-Nazism, the KKK and white supremacists groups for you, the Media and Democrats to acknowledge it. Just because Trump said that both groups in Charlottesville caused violence does not mean that Trump was supporting racism. Would you call Obama racist because of his close relationship with his minister who preached hate speech and a reverse-racist ideology?
I believe that evil exists in this world and I don't agree with many things that Trump says. However, keep in mind that the Media is broadcasting half-truths, misinformation and in some cases fake news all for the objective of trying to convince people that Trump is evil, irresponsible, a racist, anti-Muslim, anti-women and anti-immigrant. He was elected President because he wants to change Washington and that includes establishment politics on both sides of the political divide. While his choice of means have much to be desired they are not evil. Perhaps you believe Trump colluded with the Russians to get elected while there is no evidence to support this. However, Trump is not a racist because of the Media has taken selected words he said and built it into a negative narrative to support their goal of getting Trump impeached. I hope you realize that the Media and Democrats distort what Trump does and says. I agree that some of the criticism is legitimate. However, when Trump's every word and action is being turned into a 'destroy Trump narrative' by the Media, it is being blind not to recognize this.
I did not vote for Trump or Clinton. However, he is the President and I believe that most of his goals and policies will help the people of our country. This does not mean that some people may have a different political view point and disagree with Trump. However, I don't believe Trump is a bigot, evil and racist.
Do the editors have any plans, then, to take issue with one of the most anti-Catholic sites on the Internet, specifically, the popular left-wing Web site, Alternet.org? (The Southern Poverty Law Center uses it as a frequent source.)
Alternet has published and republished articles such as "8 Ugly Sins of the Catholic Church" (June 11, 2012); "Why Is Anyone Still Catholic?" (May 14, 2010); "Why Are Pedophile-Hiding, Child-Abusing Church Fathers Allowed to Write Laws About Women's Bodies?" (April 2, 2010); "Why Does Congress Allow a Pedophile-Ridden Church to Control Women's Bodies?" (May 26, 2010); "Will Pope Francis Have the Courage to Break With the Church's Anti-Woman Stance?" (September 23, 2005); "Opus Dei and the War on Birth Control: Neofascism Within the Catholic Church" (February 20, 2012); "Should People and Governments Shun the Totalitarian Catholic Church?" (January 5, 2012); "50 Reasons to Boycott the Catholic Church" (November 26, 2012), and "Pope Francis, the CIA, and 'Death Squads'" (March 17, 2013).
The above is just a small sampling. If you type in the word "Catholic" in Alternet's search engine, it will retrieve thousands of shrill articles attacking the Catholic Church.
This reaction to what happened in Charlottesville has little to do with racism. It definitely does deal with an odious racist group who were ostensibly protesting the planned removal of a statue. But the reaction since is mainly about politics and making Trump look bad. One of the articles about Charlottesville on this site misstated what Trump said.
The Russia hoax is nearly over so the press and the liberals must have an issue to marginalize Trump. Racism is always a convenient issue if there is one because it immediately says hate. But did what really happened in Charlottesville make it a text book exemplar of extreme racism?
Basically a relatively small number of extreme racists, about 400, were given a permit to protest. This is nothing new and there was a similar but much smaller protest just a month before in Charlottesville. Such a protest will always attract counter-protesters and the month before they were kept apart. There were much larger number of counter protesters last week which included people ready to instigate violence.
Normally police would separate these two groups but the state police did not do that this time. The New York PD said there was no way these two sides would have contact with each other in a New York demonstration. Last weekend, the plan was to let them be roughly 100 ft apart. Instead of forming barriers a block away the police allowed the two sides to be literally in shouting distance apart.
Next a half hour before the start of the event, the assembly was declared illegal. The state police then forced the Nazi/white supremacist/KKK protesters into the counter protesters a few feet away. Both sides then fought each other as the protesters tried to reach other areas.
The back end of the park away from the counter protesters was available for an exit but the state police did not allow it to be used.
Google Lee Park in Charlottesville and go to map of area. The south end of the park is Market St. Protesters were in two pens in Lee Park about 50 ft from Market St. The counter protesters were on Market St. It looks like the state police were instructed to force a violent interaction.
A question: if the police had separated the two groups as is normally done or if the back end of the park was used for evacuation would anyone in the country know that such a demonstration took place last week in Charlottesville? And would there had been the assault with a car that killed one person and injured a couple dozen more?
(see http://thefederalist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/paulbattaglia8.16.jpg) for a map of Emancipation Park and where everybody was..
There are many of those decrying racism who don't view anti-white racism as racist. It is perfectly okay with them hence their definition of racism is entirely political. That's going on in many places especially on college campuses and in the media. They no longer accept Dr. King's vision of the quality of a person's character rather than skin color.


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Energy Assistance
Maryland Energy Assistance ProgramThe Energy Assistance Programs helps low-income citizens pay their heating bills, minimize heating crises, and make energy costs more affordable. A comprehensive energy package, which includes the Maryland Energy Assistance Program (MEAP) and The Electric Universal Service Program (EUSP), has links to the community and the customer. These programs promote energy conservation, customer financial responsibility and energy independence.
MEAP provides assistance with home heating bills, and EUSP helps eligible low-income customers with their electric bills. Funding for the MEAP program is usually available November 1st. Funding for the EUSP program begins July 1st.**
Applying For AssistanceEnergy Assistance Staff will process your application to make sure all required information has been submitted. Please note that it can take up to 45 days to process an application. When submitting your application, please include the following information:
- Copy of applicant's photo identification
- Proof of residence
- Copies of social security cards for household members, including children
- Proof of total household income for the past 30 days (from all sources of income) Proof of income includes paystubs or benefit letters from DSS, SSA, VA or the Unemployment Insurance Program
- The name of your home energy supplier and account number
- A copy of your most recent utility bill
- If you rent, a copy of your lease or a rent receipt
Assistance is available whether you are an active customer or you are currently without service. Eligible electric customers may receive help in three ways:
- Help to pay current electric bills
- Help to pay past due electric bills
- Help with energy efficiency measures to reduce future electric bills
Other Programs
- Catholic Charities, Forestville - 301-568-9529
- Department of Family Services, Hyattsville - 301-265-8450
- Laurel Advocacy & Referral Services, Laurel - 301-776-0442
- Spanish Speaking Community, Hyattsville - 301-434-5055
- Salvation Army - 301-277-6103
Weatherization Assistance ProgramThe Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) may provide home weatherization services to eligible individuals such as weather stripping, caulking, plastic window covering, etc. to help make your home or apartment more fuel efficient and comfortable at no cost. For additional information please call 800-638-7781 or log on to WAP.
Utility Service Protection ProgramThe Utility Service Protection Program (USPP) protects low-income families from utility cut-offs and allows MEAP eligible households to enter into a year-round even monthly payment program with their utility company. An equal monthly payment plan based on the estimated cost of the customer's average annual utility usage minus the MEAP benefit will be used to determine the even monthly payments for participation in the USPP.
More InformationIndividuals and families in need may visit the nearest MEAP outreach office to request an application, or contact us by phone at 301-909-6330. You may also apply online via SAIL or download the application (PDF).
Visit FAQ's for commonly asked questions about Energy Assistance or Energy Assistance Programs for more information about the services available.


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Mickey over at The Blossoming-Fledgling Researcher blog shows her own annotation process for taking notes in books and reducing distractions. It looks fascinating.
She also recommends The Different Stages of the Writing Process and Embodied Learning & its Productive Limitations here on Research Degree Voodoo. I love getting feedback that let's me know what you find useful!


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Adam Warlock In Guardians Of The Galaxy Vol. 3? Not So Fast
With Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 now available on Digital HD, DVD, and Blu-ray, many fans have already looked ahead to the future. James Gunn will return to continue expanding the cosmic side of the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and while some Guardians enthusiasts assume that Adam Warlock will show up in the highly anticipated threequel, now we are not so sure. In fact, when pressed about the possibility of casting Tom Cruise as Warlock in Guardians 3, Gunn revealed that we should not presume that the character will appear in the next movie at all, writing:
James Gunn loves to send cryptic messages to his fans, but he has seldom provided us with misinformation about a given film. All he's known for is being selective about the information that he dolls out. With that in mind, there's no reason to assume that he's lying about Adam Warlock's involvement (or lack of involvement) in the next installment in this franchise. Adam Warlock is coming, but he may not make his debut in the next Guardians movie.
You would be forgiven for assuming that Adam Warlock would make his first official appearance in the next Guardians of the Galaxy story. After all, his cocoon is a focal point of one of Vol. 2's many mid-credits sequences.
However, if we are to take James Gunn at his word about Adam Warlock not showing up in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (as well as the reports that he will not appear in the Infinity War arc), then it stands to reason that Gunn and Marvel Studios may be thinking long-term. The seeds of Warlock's arrival have been planted, but with a massive upheaval on the horizon for the end of Phase 3 and the beginning of Phase 4, it is entirely possible that Warlock could eventually become one of the new heroes introduced in the wake of Avengers 4.
Besides, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 apparently already has many vital plates to keep spinning. James Gunn recently revealed that the upcoming trilogy capper would bring the current incarnation of the Guardians team to an end, as well as usher in the next decade or two of Marvel stories. When you put all of that together, it looks like there will be room for Adam Warlock beyond Guardians 3.
Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 is now available on Digital HD, Blu-ray, and DVD. James Gunn's cosmic band of misfit heroes will make their next MCU appearance in the battle against Thanos when The Avengers: Infinity War premieres in theaters on May 4, 2018.
Your Daily Blend of Entertainment News
Originally from Connecticut, Conner grew up in San Diego and graduated from Chapman University in 2014. He now lives in Los Angeles working in and around the entertainment industry and can mostly be found binging horror movies and chugging coffee.
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Thursday, June 15, 2017
George Ballas, senior and managing partner, and Theodore Konstantakopoulos, senior associate, participated in the Lexing annual conference, which was held on June 15, 2016 in Milan, Italy. The conference focused on legal issues regarding the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
Friday, March 10, 2017
Ballas, Pelecanos & Associates LPC answered the call of the National Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT) and participated in the public consultation on the amendment of the Regulation on General Authorization.
Saturday, February 18, 2017
Gregory Pelecanos, senior partner, and Theodore Konstantakopoulos, senior associate, participated in the Law Forum on Data Protection & Privacy, which was held on February 17, 2017 at NJV Athens Plaza
Thursday, January 19, 2017
Ballas, Pelecanos & Associates LPC sponsored and participated in workshop "Security Trends, the Hacking landscape and the upcoming GDPR in practice", hosted by the Hellenic CIO Forum (Institute of Information and Communications / Hellenic Management Association), which took place on 19.01.2017 in Athens.
Friday, January 13, 2017
Greek Supreme Court annuls Court of Appeal decision and effectively reinforces validity of ICC Award in Leidos Inc. (ex SAIC) arbitration against the Greek State concerning the C4I system developed for the security of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games. Supreme Court Judgment No. 517/2016.
Friday, January 13, 2017
Supreme Court Judgment No.517/2016. In the context of an ICC Arbitration, the Arbitral Tribunal had awarded damages to Leidos (formerly SAIC) against the Greek State in the context of a dispute concerning the implementation of a C4I System procured for the security of the Athens 2004 Olympic Games.
Friday, January 13, 2017
This ICC arbitration was based on an arbitration clause included in a BoP agreement for supply of civil and electrical works and equipment (the Project Agreement) of a Wind Farm in Northern Greece.
Friday, January 13, 2017
This ICC arbitration was based on an arbitration clause included in a BoP agreement for supply of civil and electrical works and equipment ,( the Project Agreement) of a Wind Farm in Northern Greece.
Thursday, December 15, 2016
This international special issue explores the privacy risks associated with the use of geolocation devices by the industry.
Monday, December 12, 2016
Gregory Pelecanos (Senior Partner) was invited to moderate the Panel Discussion "Energy Sector: Trends, Developments & Outlook" in Capital Link's 18th Annual Invest in Greece Forum held on Monday December 12, 2016 in New York.
Thursday, December 8, 2016
Gregory Pelecanos (Senior Partner) was invited by SFEE to deliver a presentation on the topic of "Pay-for-Delay Settlement Agreements in the Pharmaceuticals Industry" in the 1st Pharmaceutical Law Conference organized by the Hellenic Association of Pharmaceutical Companies (SFEE) held in Athens on the
Thursday, August 4, 2016
The "Comparative Handbook: Robotic Technologies Law" has now been published by the Larcier Group.


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KBRA Assigns Preliminary Ratings to FREMF 2023-K153 and Freddie Mac Structured Pass-Through Certificate Series K-153
NEW YORK–(BUSINESS WIRE)–#KBRA–KBRA is pleased to announce the assignment of preliminary ratings to four classes of FREMF Series 2023-K153 mortgage pass-through certificates and three classes of Freddie-Mac structured pass-through certificates (SPCs), Series K-153. FREMF 2023-K153 is a $1.13 billion CMBS multi-borrower transaction. Freddie Mac will guarantee six classes of certificates issued in the underlying Series 2023-K153 securitization and will deposit the guaranteed underlying certificates into a separate trust that will issue the SPCs.
The underlying transaction is collateralized by 43 fixed-rate multifamily mortgage loans. The loans have principal balances that range from $1.4 million to $104.1 million. The largest exposure is represented by Bay Ridge At Nashua (9.3%), which is secured by a garden-style multifamily complex located in Nashua, New Hampshire. The five largest loans represent 34.9% of the cut-off date balance and also include Bayberry Hill Estates (8.9%), Valleybrook At Chadds Ford (5.7%), Morning Pointe Crossed Loan Portfolio (5.5%), and The Residences At Escaya (5.4%). The assets are located in 20 states, with the three largest concentrations in California (15.4%), Texas (14.2%), and Arizona (13.3%).
KBRA's analysis of the underlying transaction incorporated our CMBS Multi-Borrower rating process that begins with our analysts' evaluation of the underlying collateral properties' financial and operating performance, which is used to determine KBRA's estimate of sustainable net cash flow (KNCF) and KBRA value using our U.S. CMBS Property Evaluation Methodology. KBRA's weighted average KNCF for the portfolio is 5.0% less than the issuer's NCF. KBRA capitalization rates were applied to each asset's KNCF to derive individual property values that, on an aggregate basis, were 47.4% less than third-party appraisal values. The weighted average KBRA capitalization rate for the transaction is 8.49%. The KBRA credit model deploys rent and occupancy stresses, probability of default regressions, and loss-given default calculations to determine losses for each collateral loan, which are then used to assign our credit ratings.
To access ratings and relevant documents, click here.
Click here to view the report.
Related Publications
- U.S. CMBS Multi-Borrower Rating Methodology
- U.S. CMBS Property Evaluation Methodology
- Methodology for Rating Interest-Only Certificates in CMBS Transactions
- Global Structured Finance Counterparty Methodology
- ESG Global Rating Methodology
Further information on key credit considerations, sensitivity analyses that consider what factors can affect these credit ratings and how they could lead to an upgrade or a downgrade, and ESG factors (where they are a key driver behind the change to the credit rating or rating outlook) can be found in the full rating report referenced above.
A description of all substantially material sources that were used to prepare the credit rating and information on the methodology(ies) (inclusive of any material models and sensitivity analyses of the relevant key rating assumptions, as applicable) used in determining the credit rating is available in the Information Disclosure Form(s) located here.
Information on the meaning of each rating category can be located here.
Further disclosures relating to this rating action are available in the Information Disclosure Form(s) referenced above. Additional information regarding KBRA policies, methodologies, rating scales and disclosures are available at www.kbra.com.
About KBRA
Kroll Bond Rating Agency, LLC (KBRA) is a full-service credit rating agency registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as an NRSRO. Kroll Bond Rating Agency Europe Limited is registered as a CRA with the European Securities and Markets Authority. Kroll Bond Rating Agency UK Limited is registered as a CRA with the UK Financial Conduct Authority pursuant to the Temporary Registration Regime. In addition, KBRA is designated as a designated rating organization by the Ontario Securities Commission for issuers of asset-backed securities to file a short form prospectus or shelf prospectus. KBRA is also recognized by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners as a Credit Rating Provider.
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TIRANA, May 17
The communist past of Albania is attracting tourists. Besides the former political prisons, visitors are showing interest in the Albanian bunkers. They are considered marketable heritage resources. Once built for the purpose of facing any possible foreign attack and also to keep Albanians busy with work, they are considered a symbol of the country.
Canadian travel writer Dave Hazzan wrote a long article on the history of bunkers in Albania and how local people are turning them into a source of income.
His article was published by 'Roads & Kingdoms'. During his stay in Albania, Hazzan visited numerous bunkers and also met with people that use them. They said that they started to use the structures for business purposes.
"35 years after the last bunker was built, Albanians are coming up with all sorts of ingenious ways to turn concrete lemons into lucrative lemonade," Hazzan wrote.
Among others, he highlights that the small country with a population of 2.8 million has up to 750,000 bunkers, but exact data were lost or destroyed. The bunkers are found from the north to the south and can be found everyplace both in mountains and in beaches.
"Some bunkers are little steel pillboxes, with just enough room for a man and a machine gun. Others are enormous underground complexes, the size of villages, designed to protect the entire Albanian government from the nuclear attack they thought was imminent," he added.
After the fall of the communist regime, some of the bunkers were used for different purposes. Hazzan mentions the case of 1,800 Kosovan refugees that were sheltered in big bunkers in Ndroq area near Tirana. The owner of the land where the bunkers are located says that he wants to turn them into a hospital.
Bunker for sale
In the meantime, bunkers in the coast of the Adriatic Sea are used as restaurants, pizzeria, bars, clubs, etc.
However, he highlights that not all investments in bunkers were made for personal profit. Hazzan refers to Bunk'Art project.
"Bunk'Art is a non-profit project that aims to convert bunkers into museums and art spaces. They have so far converted two of Albania's most enormous bunkers," he says about Bunk'Art 1 and Bunk'Art 2. The first is a former nuclear bunker near Dajti Mountain while the second is located in the downtown area in the square between the National Theatre and the Ministry of Interior.
The bunkers are a property of the Ministry of Defense, but most of them were built on land that is now private. The owners don't like that bunkers get demolished as they are part of Albania's history. Therefore, they think for any alternative use.
News Source: Road and Kingdoms
Photo Credit: Wikimedia Commons