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Tricyclic and newer antidepressants
Tricyclic Antidepressants: Currently available tricyclic antidepressants include amitriptyline (Elavil), amoxapine (Asendin), clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Silenor), imipramine (Tofranil), maprotiline (Ludiomil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), protriptyline (Vivactil), and trimipramine (Surmontil).
Newer Antidepressants:Currently available noncyclic antidepressants include bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), citalopram (Celexa), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), mirtazapine (Remeron), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), trazodone (Desyrel), and venlafaxine (Effexor). Nefazodone (Serzone) was withdrawn from the US market owing to its risk of hepatotoxicity.
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1. Description of the problem
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) are used for treatment of depression, neuralgic pain, migraines, enuresis, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Prior to the 1990s, TCAs were the most commonly used medications for the treatment of depression. Acute overdose involving TCAs can result in severe cardiovascular (CV) and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. With the advent of newer noncyclical antidepressants in the 1980s and 1990s, the prevalence of TCA toxicity declined dramatically. However, TCA use is rising again owing to new indications such as treating chronic pain.
Newer Antidepressants
Noncyclic antidepressants, which include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and atypical antidepressants (which have mechanisms in addition to serotonin reuptake inhibition) are now the most common pharmacologic treatment for depression and are generally much better tolerated in overdose than TCAs. Despite much higher prevalence of use and overdose for SSRIs, patients with TCA overdose continue to have higher rates of hospitalization (78.7% vs 64.7%) and mortality (0.73% vs 0.14%).
The SSRIs include citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline. The atypical antidepressants include bupropion, duloxetine, mirtazapine, trazodone, and venlafaxine.
Since being introduced in the 1980s noncyclical antidepressants have become first-line pharmacologic treatment for depression, due in large part to their safety profile and the narrow therapeutic window and severe toxicity associated with TCAs. SSRIs are also used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, chronic pain, and other conditions.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Initial clinical findings after TCA overdose may be minimal with normal mental status and mild tachycardia. However, progression of toxicity is unpredictable and may be rapid with life-threatening cardiovascular and CNS dysfunction developing within hours. Typical toxic syndromes involve anticholinergic effects, CV effects, and seizures. A classic presentation involves a patient who is initially awake and talking then abruptly loses consciousness and has a seizure with ensuing hemodynamic instability.
In general, ingestion of 10 to 20mg/kg of most TCAs constitutes a moderate to serious exposure where coma and CV effects are expected.
Anticholinergic effects include tachycardia, delirium, sedation/coma, dilated pupils, decreased bowel sounds, dry skin, and urinary retention. Directly mediated CV toxicity manifests as abnormal cardiac conduction, arrhythmias, and hypotension. Ventricular dysrhythmias and refractory hypotension are the most common fatal abnormalities after cyclic antidepressant poisoning.
Typical electrocardiographic (ECG) findings include sinus tachycardia, various degrees of atrioventricular (AV) block, and prolongation of the PR, QRS, and QT intervals. Prolongation of the QRS complex greater than 100 milliseconds is a reliable predictor of serious CV and CNS toxicity requiring rapid corrective treatment. Consequently, wide-complex tachycardia is a hallmark of life-threatening TCA toxicity.
Newer Antidepressants
As a class of medications, noncyclic antidepressants are generally safe in overdose, with a wide therapeutic window., For SSRIs, in general, doses in excess of 10 times the usual therapeutic dose are usually tolerated without serious toxicity. Non-SSRI noncyclic antidepressants are exceptions to this rule; bupropion, trazodone, and mirtazapine can cause problems even in mild-to-moderate overdose.
SSRIs have a favorable side effect profile. The major toxicity seen with most agents are gastrointestinal and less commonly CNS depression with ataxia, sedation, and possibly coma. Seizures have been reported with the majority of SSRIs, though a few specific agents carry higher risk.
Serotonin syndrome is associated with most SSRIs and can occur when a drug is taken alone or when taken in conjunction with other SSRIs or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). There is also an association of increased risk of suicidal behavior with use of many antidepressants, especially in children.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Initial management should focus on standard supportive treatment of airway, breathing, and circulation. Obtain a 12-lead ECG on presentation to assess for abnormal cardiac conduction and initiate continuous cardiac monitoring. Other useful studies include electrolytes, Blood urea nitrogen]], creatinine, creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), urinalysis for myoglobin, blood gas, and chest x-ray.
While many urine drug screen assays can detect TCAs, such tests provide little to no utility in guiding acute management. If QRS duration greater than 100 milliseconds is observed, consider giving ampules of sodium bicarbonate as an intravenous bolus with repeat doses as needed until the QRS complex narrows. If the patient has a seizure, control the airway, then continue with aggressive sodium bicarbonate therapy and hemodynamic support.
Patients with significant TCA toxicity should be admitted to the intensive care unit. Consultation with a medical toxicologist or poison center for further guidance is advised.
Newer Antidepressants
Drug-specific toxicities include hypotension, and priapism due to peripheral alpha-adrenergic blockade is seen with trazodone and mirtazapine. Seizures are seen more commonly with bupropion, citalopram, and venlafaxine. Sinus bradycardia with hypotension and QT interval prolongation is seen with citalopram and escitalopram.
2. Emergency Management
Tricyclic Antidepressants
TCA toxicity may cause sudden decompensation of a previously asymptomatic patient. Maintain a patent airway and assist ventilation as needed. Evaluate for co-ingestants including acetaminophen and salicylates. Treat hypotension with intravenous (IV) fluids and pressors if needed, seizures with benzodiazepines, and cardiac conduction abnormalities with sodium bicarbonate. Consider cardiac pacing for bradyarrhythmias and high-degree AV blocks. In severe cases unresponsive to other interventions, consider lipid resuscitation therapy or extra-corporeal oxygenation (cardiopulmonary bypass or ECMO).
Monitor vital signs and ECG in asymptomatic patients for at least 6 hours, and admit patients to an intensive care setting for at least 24 hours if there are any signs of toxicity.
If a potentially toxic dose has been ingested within the previous 1 to 2 hours, consider use of activated charcoal in an alert patient with a secure airway. Consider gastric lavage for large ingestions (>20–30mg/kg).
TCAs are extensively protein-bound and have large volumes of distribution, and are therefore not amenable to enhanced elimination; hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective treatments. In contrast, large volume of distribution and high lipophilicity make TCAs potentially amenable to lipid resuscitation therapy. There are case reports of refractory cardiac arrest successfully resolving following lipid therapy.
Newer Antidepressants
Always start with evaluation of airway, breathing, and circulation, and initiate supportive care as indicated.
Noncyclic antidepressant toxicity rarely causes sudden decompensation of a previously asymptomatic patient. Other co-ingestants or other causes should be considered prior to ascribing such a sudden deterioration to noncyclic antidepressants. Seizures can occur and are more likely with certain drugs; however, when a patient presents with seizure, etiologies other than SSRI overdose also must be considered.
Given the generally wide therapeutic window for noncyclical antidepressants, use of activated charcoal should be judged on a case-by-case basis. In general, consider giving activated charcoal if a patient presents within 1 hour of ingestion and took a dose greater than 10 times the usual therapeutic dose. Do not give activated charcoal to a patient with sedation or a potentially compromised airway.
3. Diagnosis
Tricyclic Antidepressants
The first key to diagnosis is history. However, as history is often limited, TCA toxicity should be suspected in any patient with lethargy, coma, or seizures, accompanied by QRS interval prolongation.
If any ingestion is suspected, obtain a 12-lead ECG to evaluate for QRS prolongation greater than 100 milliseconds. QRS duration greater than 120 milliseconds suggests severe toxicity. Another characteristic change seen on ECG is a prominent R-wave in lead aVR, defined as R wave greater than 3mm in height or R:S ratio greater than 0.7.
If a clear history of ingestion is obtained and initial ECG is normal, observation and continuous cardiac monitoring is indicated for development of toxicity. If a patient is asymptomatic with no ECG changes after 6 hours of observation, he or she may be safely discharged home.
Urine drug screen assays are able to detect several different TCA drugs; however, such screens are limited in several ways. Drug screens are qualitative and will detect drugs present at therapeutic levels; hence a positive result does not reflect toxic concentrations. In addition, there are some TCA medications that are not detected at all by these screens. Consequently, using urine drug screens to dictate decision-making in an acute overdose situation is not recommended.
Newer Antidepressants
The first key to diagnosis is a history of ingestion. Without such a history, one should suspect a noncyclical antidepressant overdose in patients with a history of depression who develop lethargy, coma, and seizures. If a 12-lead ECG shows QRS prolongation, this suggests tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
Patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of serotonin syndrome (confusion, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, tremor, incoordination, hyperthermia) can suggest noncyclical antidepressant overdose, and a careful medication history should be obtained.
Evaluation should start with a glucose check and 12-lead ECG. Other useful tests to obtain include electrolytes, renal function panel, pulse oximetry and continuous cardiac monitoring.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Plasma levels of some TCAs can be measured in clinical laboratories. However, given the immediate availability of ECG and characteristic signs and symptoms of overdose, there is no clinical utility in obtaining plasma TCA levels for emergency management.
Newer Antidepressants
There are no routinely available specific confirmatory tests to confirm ingestion of noncyclical antidepressants.
4. Specific Treatment
Tricyclic Antidepressants
For sinus rhythm with a QRS greater than 100 ms: Sodium bicarbonate 1 to 2mEq/kg IV bolus; may repeat every 3 to 5 minutes until QRS less than 100ms or to target serum pH 7.50 t0 7.55. If there is good response and the QRS duration improves to less than 100 ms, then starting a bicarbonate infusion to maintain the serum pH between 7.50 and 7.55 can be helpful. Add 3 ampules sodium bicarbonate to 1 liter D5-water and run initially at a rate that is 1.5 times the patient's maintenance fluid rate, then adjust as necessary to maintain the pH target.
For wide-complex tachycardia: Sodium bicarbonate as described above, and consider also lidocaine 1mg/kg slow IV bolus followed by 20 to 50mcg/kg/min. Other possible considerations include hypertonic saline and magnesium sulfate 25 to 50mg/kg IV over 2 minutes (max 2 g). Also correct hypoxia, acidosis, and hypotension.
For torsades de pointes: Magnesium sulfate as above, and then consider overdrive pacing.
For hypotension: 0.9% NaCl boluses, correct hypoxia and acidosis, sodium bicarbonate bolus to target serum pH 7.50 to 7.55, dopamine followed by norepinephrine if patient unresponsive to dopamine or go straight to using norepinephrine.
For seizures: Benzodiazepines, intubate, correct hypoxia and acidosis, barbiturates if refractory to benzodiazepines. Next, initiate infusion of propofol if barbiturates fail. If still refractory to propofol, consider paralysis and general anesthesia with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring. Do not initiate neuromuscular paralysis without simultaneous use of general anesthestic agents or high-dose barbiturates.
Refractory toxicity: Consider IV lipid resuscitation therapy with Intralipid 20% emulsion 1.5mL/kg bolus over 5 minutes, then infusion of 0.25 to 0.5mL/kg/min for 30 to 60 minutes. Consider ECMO, cardiopulmonary bypass.
Newer Antidepressants
The mainstay therapy for noncyclical antidepressant toxicity is good supportive care. For patients with suspected serotonin syndrome, there is evidence that cyproheptadine may be beneficial due to serotonin antagonism. Methysergide is an alternative agent to antagonize serotonin syndrome.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Do not use procainamide or other type Ia or Ic antiarrhythmic agent for wide-complex tachycardia as these drugs may aggravate cardiotoxicity.
There is no role for hemodialysis in the management of tricyclic antidepressant drug overdose, due to extensive drug-protein binding and large volumes of distribution.
Newer Antidepressants
Cyproheptadine dosing: 4 mg PO or NG every hour for 3 doses.
Methysergide dosing: 2mg PO or NG every 6 hours for 3 doses.
There is no role for hemodialysis in the management of noncyclical antidepressant drug overdose due to extensive drug-protein binding and large volumes of distribution.
5. Disease monitoring, follow-up and disposition
Tricyclic Antidepressants
If a clear history of ingestion is obtained and initial ECG is normal, observation and continuous cardiac monitoring for development of toxicity is indicated. If a patient is asymptomatic with no ECG changes after 6 hours of observation, he or she may be safely discharged home. Admit patients to an intensive care setting for at least 24 hours if there are any signs of toxicity.
Even in settings of severe toxicity with prolonged QRS and seizures, complete recovery is possible with rapidly instituted and aggressive treatment. For patients who survive the first 10 hours after an acute overdose without severe toxicity, the prognosis is generally good. Prognosis must be tempered in cases of cardiac arrest, as patients may suffer neurologic sequelae despite return of spontaneous circulation.
Patients who survive to discharge are expected to make a full recovery.
Newer Antidepressants
Most patients will be discharged from the emergency department following acute overdose and should have appropriate psychiatric disposition. After a 6-hour observation period, patients who are asymptomatic with a normal ECG can be medically cleared. An exception to this rule is patients who overdose on citalopram or escitalopram. These patients should be admitted for 24-hour cardiac monitoring for QT-prolongation and increased risk of ventricular dysrhythmias.
Patients with suspected serotonin syndrome should be admitted to an intensive care unit. Follow-up and monitoring after overdose should be with psychiatry as there is no specific medical issue that will need to be addressed. Patients are expected to make a full recovery.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
TCAs slow phase 0 depolarization of the action potential in cells of the His-Purkinje system and cardiac myocytes by inhibiting recovery of fast sodium channels. Impaired depolarization slows the propagation of ventricular depolarization, which manifests as prolongation of the QRS interval on the ECG.
In addition, TCAs have antimuscarinic, vasodilatory, and sympathomimetic effects that combine to produce tachycardia. Hypotension is caused by direct myocardial depression via disrupted sodium channel function and impaired excitation-contraction coupling, and also by alpha-adrenergic blockade resulting in vasodilatation.
Central anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects cause CNS symptoms of agitation, delirium, and sedation. The mechanism leading to seizures is incompletely understood but thought to be due to increased norepinephrine, muscarinic antagonism, sodium channel alteration, and GABA inhibition.
Newer Antidepressants
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter with CNS receptors that affect mood, sleep, appetite, and pain. Peripheral serotonin receptors increase gastrointestinal motility, stimulate nociceptive nerve endings, stimulate smooth muscle contraction, and play a role in vomiting. Excess serotonin, which occurs via inhibition of reuptake into nerve terminals, is the primary effect of SSRIs.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
The use of TCAs has decreased over the past 20 years, due in large part to SSRIs supplanting TCAs as the primary pharmacotherapy for depression. Other medical indications for TCAs have emerged and include chronic pain, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and enuresis and ADHD in children.
Children under 6 years of age account for approximately 12% of all TCA exposures reported to poison centers.
Compared to SSRIs, patients with TCA overdose continue to have higher rates of hospitalization (78.7% vs 64.7%) and mortality (0.73% vs 0.14%).
Newer Antidepressants
SSRIs are the predominant class of medications used for pharmacologic treatment of depression and thus are commonly prescribed and widely available. Consequently there are many instances of overdose though the vast majority of overdoses result in only minor, if any, effects. Death due to SSRI overdose alone is rare.
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Mortality following TCA overdose is 0.73%. Those who survive generally have a full recovery.
Newer Antidepressants
Noncyclical antidepressants typically cause relatively minor toxicity when taken alone, but can cause more serious effects including serotonin syndrome when combined with other SSRIs or other types of drugs. The vast majority of patients recover completely from an acute overdose.
What's the evidence?
McKenzie, MS, McFarland, BH. "Trends in antidepressant overdoses". Pharacoepidemiol Drug Saf. vol. 16. 2007. pp. 513-23. (Update on changing incidence and severity of antidepressant ingestions.)
Thanacoody, HK, Thomas, SH. "Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning: cardiovascular toxicity". Toxicol Rev. vol. 24. 2005. pp. 205-14.
Boegevig, S, Rothe, A, Tfelt-Hansen, J, Hoegberg, LC. "Successful reversal of life threatening cardiac effect following dosulepin overdose using intravenous lipid emulsion". ClinToxicol. vol. 49. 2011. pp. 337-9.
Blackman, K, Brown, SF, Wilkes, GJ. "Plasma alkalinization for tricyclic antidepressant toxicity: a systematic review". Emerg Med. vol. 13. 2001. pp. 204-10.
Boyer, EW, Shannon, M. "The serotonin syndrome". N Engl J Med. vol. 352. 2005. pp. 1112-20. (Complications of SSRI.)
Catalano, G, Catalano, MC, Epstein, MA, Tsambiras, PE. "QTc interval prolongation associated with citalopram overdose: a case report and literature review". Clin Neuropharmacol. vol. 24. 2001. pp. 158-62.
Morazin, FM, Lumbroso, A, Harry, P. "Cardiogenic shock and status epilepticus after massive bupropion overdose". Clin Toxicol. vol. 45. 2007. pp. 794-7..
Nelson, JC. "Safety and tolerability of the new antidepressants". J Clin Psychiatry. vol. 58. 1997. pp. 26-31.
Copyright © 2017, 2013 Decision Support in Medicine, LLC. All rights reserved.
No sponsor or advertiser has participated in, approved or paid for the content provided by Decision Support in Medicine LLC. The Licensed Content is the property of and copyrighted by DSM.
- 1. Description of the problem
- 2. Emergency Management
- 3. Diagnosis
- 4. Specific Treatment
- 5. Disease monitoring, follow-up and disposition
- Pathophysiology
- Epidemiology
- Prognosis
- What's the evidence?


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text:
The "Best Recipe" for Excellent health
The "Best Recipe" for Excellent health
Makes 4 servings and per serving you receive:
· 1 lean protein
· ¼ green
· 3 condiments
2 cloves garlic
· ½ cup green onion
· 2 teaspoons lime, juice
· 2 tbsp. chipotles in adobo sauce(to taste)
· ½ tbsp. ground cumin
· ½ tbsp. ground oregano
· ½ tsp. ground cloves
· 1 cup water
· 20oz cooked beef eye of round or bottom round roast, all fat trimmed
· ¼ tsp. kosher salt
· ½ tsp. black pepper
· 1 bay leaves
Place garlic, onion, lime juice, cumin, oregano, chipotles, cloves and water in a blender and puree until smooth.
Trim all the fat off meat, cut into 3-inch pieces. Season with salt and black pepper. Heat the pressure cooker on high (use saute button for Instant Pot), when hot add the oil and brown the meat, in batches on all side, about 5 minutes. Add the sauce from the blender and bay leaves, cover and cook on high pressure until the meat is tender and easily shreds with 2 forks, about 1 hour. (in my Instant Pot I cooked it 65 minutes). (If you're making this on the stove, simmer it on low at least 4 hours, adding more water as needed to make sure it doesn't dry out.)
Once cooked and the meat is tender, remove the meat and place in a dish. Shred with two forks, and reserve the liquid for later (discard the bay leaf). Return the shredded meat to the pot, add 1/2 tsp cumin and 1 1/2 cups of the reserved liquid.
Loaded Cauliflower Bake!!
4 cups cauliflower florets
8 oz shredded sharp cheddar cheese, divided
8 oz shredded Monterey jack cheese, divided
1 1/2 cups low-fat plain Greek yogurt
1 1/2 cups green onions , sliced
6 slices turkey bacon, cooked and crumbled
1 clove garlic, grated
1/2 teaspoon pepper
1/4 teaspoon salt
1.Preheat oven to 350 degrees
2.Steam cauliflower florets until tender
3.While cauliflower steams, cream together 8 oz of the shredded cheddar, 8 oz of the Monterey Jack, and yogurt.
4.Stir in sliced green onions, chopped bacon, and garlic
5.Set aside
6.Drain any liquid from steamed cauliflower and add to cheese mixture
7.Stir cauliflower and cheese mixture together
8.Taste for seasoning, and add as necessary
9.If you want a finer texture, give a few mashes with the potato masher
10.Pour into a 2-3 quart casserole and sprinkle on remaining cheddar and Monterey Jack cheese
11.Cover dish with foil and bake for 25 minutes; remove foil and continue to bake until cheese is brown and bubbly
Makes 5 servings:
Each serving provides:
1 lean
2 green
1/2 condiment
3.5 oz lump crab meat
2 oz part-skim mozzarella
1 clove garlic, minced
1 Tbsp green onions, finely diced
1 Tbsp red bell pepper, finely diced
1 Tbsp grated parmesan cheese
1/4 tsp ground black pepper 1/4 tsp dried dill weed
1 1/4 cups mushroom caps
Preheat the oven to 375 degrees. Remove stems from mushrooms and wash and dry the caps. Place stem-side up in a rectangular glass dish that has been sprayed with PAM.In a small bowl, combine crab meat, mozzarella, garlic, green onions, bell pepper, black pepper and dill weed in a small bowl. Stir gently to combine, trying to avoid breaking up the lumps of crab as much as possible. Fill the mushroom caps with the mixture, pressing it firmly into the caps, and mounding it on top. Sprinkle parmesan cheese over the stuffed mushrooms. Bake for 20-25 minutes in the preheated oven until the tops are lightly browned and the cheese has melted.
Servings: 11 lean, 3 green, 3 condiments


text: Critical Essay Sixteenth-Century Political Theory Since the Henry plays are basically political ones, it is necessary to understand the political doctrine behind them if one is to do justice to Shakespeare's intentions. Elizabeth I, the fifth Tudor to rule England, had come to a throne which was in many ways insecure because of rival claims. Henry VIII, her father, had found it especially necessary to inculcate the doctrine of absolute obedience to the crown after the break with Rome in 1536. During his reign he had experienced the Pilgrimage of Grace, a rebellion in northern England, and, later, the Exeter Conspiracy, an alleged attempt to depose Henry and place a Yorkist on the throne of England. After Henry VIII's death, England endured the Western Rebellion of 1549; during Elizabeth's reign there occurred the Rebellion of 1569, as well as plots against the queen's life, notably the Babington Plot, which led to the trial, conviction, and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. Throughout the century and beyond, England had reason to fear an invasion and the rising of native Catholics. The danger was by no means restricted to the year 1588, when Philip II of Spain sent his Armada to subdue England. In view of such challenges to Tudor supremacy, there was a need for a political philosophy which would prevent challenges to royal authority and devastating civil war. The basic arguments were developed during the reign of Henry VIII and augmented as new crises arose during the reigns of Edward VI and Elizabeth I. It found expression in officially approved pamphlets and tracts, and also in drama and non-dramatic poetry. Especially it was emphasized in official sermons, the first group of which was introduced in the year 1549. These included strongly worded instructions on the subject of obedience. They were augmented in 1570, following the Rebellion of 1569 and the papal decree of excommunication of Queen Elizabeth I. Every Englishman was required to hear the sermons on obedience three times during the year. The gist of the doctrine was this: the ruler was God's lieutenant on earth; no subject, however exalted, had the right to actively oppose him. To do so was a sin against religion, punishable by suffering here and now and by eternal damnation after death. Even if the ruler were a tyrant, the subject had no right to oppose him; the head of state ruled with God's sufferance. In support of this doctrine, appeals were made primarily to biblical authority. Texts such as Romans 13 and Proverbs 8, as well as ones in Matthew, were cited repeatedly. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, summed up the doctrine accurately and concisely in his response to his sister-in-law, the Duchess of Gloucester, who reminded him that the reigning king, Richard II, had been responsible for the death of her husband and Gaunt's brother: God's is the quarrel, for God's substitute,His deputy anointed in His sight,Hath caus'd his death; the which if wrongfully,Let Heaven revenge; for I may never liftAn angry arm against His minister. (Richard II, I.ii.37-41)


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CFR's External Advisory Group (EAG) was established in 2015. It is comprised of individuals who share a commitment to CFR's mandate to foster feminist research collaborations in relation to gender, race, class, indigeneity, disability, sexuality, and women's issues. The EAG provides input and advice to the Director on strategic planning, outreach and partnerships. Members' roles include:
1) To contribute their wisdom and experience to CFR's current and future research directions and strategies;
2) To advise on ways in which CFR can mobilize knowledge to reach wider audiences;
3) To project CFR research and activities into the spheres in which they work;
4) To advise on funding opportunities that will further advance feminist research at York.
External Advisory Group Members
Nadje Al-Ali is Professor of Gender Studies at the Centre for Gender Studies, SOAS, University of London. Her main research interests revolve around gender theory; feminist activism; women and gender in the Middle East; transnational migration and diaspora moblization; war, conflict and reconstruction' art & cultural studies and food. Her publications include What kind of Liberation? Women and the Occupation of Iraq (2009, University of California Press, co-authored with Nicola Pratt); Women and War in the Middle East: Transnational Perspectives (Zed Books, 2009, co-edited with Nicola Pratt); Iraqi Women: Untold Stories from 1948 to the Present (2007, Zed Books); New Approaches to Migration (ed., Routledge, 2002, with Khalid Koser); Secularism, Gender and the State in the Middle East (Cambridge University Press 2000) and Gender Writing – Writing Gender (The American University in Cairo Press, 1994) as well as numerous book chapters and journal articles. Her most recent book (co-edited with Deborah al-Najjar) entitled We are Iraqis: Aesthetics & Politics in a Time of War (Syracuse Universiy Press) won the 2014 Arab-American book prize for non-fiction.
Professor Al-Ali was President of the Association of Middle East Women's Studies (AMEWS) from 2009-2011. Recently, she has been elected to the Board of the Middle East Studies Association (MESA). She is also a member of the Feminist Review Collective and a founding member of Act Together: Women's Action for Iraq (www.acttogether.org). She is currently involved in several projects with Iraqi academics and women's rights activists with the aim to facilitate the introduction of women and gender studies and increase evidence-based research capacity in Iraq.
micha cárdenas is an artist/theorist who creates and studies trans of color movement in digital media, where movement includes migration, performance and mobility. This fall, cárdenas has joined the University of Washington | Bothell as Assistant Professor in the School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences. cárdenas was previously a Provost Fellow and received her PhD in Media Arts + Practice (iMAP) at University of Southern California. She is also a member of the artist collective Electronic Disturbance Theater 2.0. Her solo and collaborative work has been seen in museums, galleries, biennials, keynotes, community and public spaces around the world. In 2015, micha was a visiting scholar in the Faculty of Information at the University of Toronto, and a MacArthur Foundation HASTAC Scholar. micha's co-authored books The Transreal: Political Aesthetics of Crossing Realities and Trans Desire / Affective Cyborgs were published by Atropos Press. Her poetry has appeared in the anthologies Troubling the Line, The &Now Awards 3, Trans Bodies, Trans Selves and the forthcoming Writing the Walls Down. She has published book chapters in Plants, Androids and Operators – A Post-Media Handbook, Gender Outlaws: The Next Generation, Queer Geographies, The Critical Digital Studies Reader and the Feminist and Queer Information Studies Reader. Her articles have been published in CTheory, the Media-N Journal, the Ada Journal of Gender, New Media and Technology, The Journal of Popular Music Studies, and the AI & Society Journal, as well as the magazines No More Potlucks, Mute Magazine and Make/Shift Magazine.
Paloma Mohamed was educated at the University of Guyana, Harvard University and the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine. Her area of specialization is social change specifically how communicative aspects of social life and culture are implicated in change. She written and edited several books in addition to publishing in several academic journals. Most recent are Communication, Power and Change in the Caribbean (Hansib, 2012) and Notes on the Media in Guyana (LAP 2014).
Paloma has been Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Director, Centre for Communication Studies, University of Guyana. She is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculties of Social Sciences and Health Sciences, at the University of Guyana. She teaches social psychology, ethics, communications research, television production, behavioral change communications and health behavior. She also teaches playwriting at the National School of Performance in Guyana as well as the Theatre Guild of Guyana. She has won several local and international awards for her writing and mentoring work in culture. These include a Presidential Medal of Service in 2012 and the City of New York Award for Culture in 2013. This year she became the first woman to ever be named Caribbean Laureate for Excellence in Arts and Letters by the Anthony Sabga Foundation.
Shahrzad Mojab, scholar, teacher, and activist, is internationally known for her work on the impact of war, displacement, and violence on women's learning and education; gender, state, migration and diaspora; Marxist feminism and anti-racism pedagogy. She is professor of Adult Education and Women's Studies at OISE/University of Toronto and the former Director of the Women and Gender Institute. Her recent publications are Marxism and Feminism (2015), Educating from Marx: Race, Gender and Learning (co-edited with Sara Carpenter, 2012) and Women, War, Violence, and Learning (2010). A unique feature of Shahrzad's work is making knowledge accessible to public through the use of arts such as story-telling, dance, drama, painting and film. These include: Samjana: Memoirs and Resistance (2007) is based on her research on women in the post-war Nepal and their role in the peace process. Talking Prison, Creating Art and Making Justice (2010) is a documentary based on an-art based project funded by the Ontario Arts Council and Toronto Arts Council. Behind the Stained Walls (2011) is dance representation of women's prison experience. Dancing for Change (2015) is based on her decades of research and work with Kurdish women which captures their yearning for secularism and socialism; their dreams and desires for a just world. Her most recent research is entitled Youth in Transition: War, Migration, and 'Regenerative Possibilities' which is a SSHRC awarded project.
Irma Alicia Velásquez Nimatuj is a Maya K'iche' anthropologist and journalist in Guatemala. She received her PhD from the University of Texas, Austin. Her research, journalism and political accompaniment work prioritizes the materialization of the economic, social, political, cultural and racialized rights of indigenous peoples in Guatemala. Amongst other publications, she is the author of Pueblos indígenas, estado y lucha por tierra en Guatemala: Estrategias de sobreviviencia y negociación antes la desigualdad globalizada [Indigenous peoples, the state and the struggle for land in Guatemala: Strategies of survival and negotiation against globalized inequity] (AVANCSO, 2008) and La pequeña burguesía indígena comercial de Guatemala: Desigualdades de clase, raza y género [The indigenous petty bourgeoisie in Guatemala: Inequities of class, race and gender] (SERJUS, 2002).
Carla Rice is Canada Research Chair in Care, Gender, and Relationships at University of Guelph, a position she assumed after serving as Associate Professor in Gender and Women's Studies at Trent University. A leader in the field of embodiment studies in Canada, Dr. Rice is a founding member and former director of innovative initiatives such as the Body Image Project at Women's College Hospital in Toronto and the National Eating Disorder Information Centre. Her research explores cultural representations and narratives of body and identity and she recently founded Project Re•Vision, a mobile media lab that works with communities to give expression to unstoried experiences and to challenge stereotypes (http://projectrevision.ca/). Rice has written extensively on issues of identity and embodiment and has published in widely in national and international journals including Feminism & Psychology, Body Image, Women's Studies International Forum, Cultural Studies <=> Critical Methodologies, Atlantis, and The Journal of Eating Disorder Treatment and Prevention among others. Recent notable books include Gender and Women's Studies in Canada: Critical Terrain (2013), and Becoming Women: The Embodied Self in Image Culture(2014).


text: I am stuck in quite a dilemma and do not know which membership to choose from Country Club and Club Mahindra. I have looked at both of the companies, and they seem quite similar, and I am unable to compare them to find out which one is better from the two. I would like some advice and help from members to guide me to comparing both of these companies and identifying which one is more suitable, also including the pros and cons of each company.


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When you're running a small business, there are so many things to take care of—sales, marketing, product development, etc.—not to mention the very important task of trying to make a profit and stay in business.
With all of that to worry about, human resources (HR) work can sometimes slip down the list of priorities. That's a shame, because there are some very important HR basics that every small business should be taking care of. For example:
- Do you know about all the employment laws that affect your business?
- Are you taking care of your staff members' training needs?
- Have you benchmarked your compensation to make sure it's competitive?
- Are you doing everything you can to keep your staff safe, to resolve conflicts effectively, to create a diverse and inclusive workplace, and more?
If not, don't worry—you're not alone. A recent Paychex survey found that 21% of small business owners were not confident in managing the HR function, and many were unaware of or were not enforcing important employment laws affecting their businesses.
So in this article, we'll go through 15 basic HR functions that every small business owner should know about. Because this is a high-level overview, I'll just give a brief introduction to each topic, but I'll link to more resources so that you can find more information when you need it.
Also be sure to check out our Complete Small Business HR Guide, which covers a wide range of HR topics, from hiring to firing and everything in between.
1. Hire the Best People
There's a common business saying:
"You're only as good as the people you hire."
No matter how good your business concept, your marketing, your planning and everything else, it's your employees who must put it all into practice. If you don't have the right people designing your products and representing your company to your customers, you'll be in trouble.
A recent CareerBuilder survey found that three-quarters of employers have hired the wrong person for a position, and the average cost of a bad hire is nearly $17,000 in lost productivity, the time and cost of hiring and training a replacement, and so on.
Effective hiring starts with putting together a clear job description that sells the job, doesn't unnecessarily exclude good candidates, and is posted in the right places. Then you'll need to prepare properly for the interview, including knowing what to ask and what not to ask, and put together a competitive package of salary and benefits for your chosen candidate. And finally, there are some important legal hoops to jump through.
For information on doing all of these things the right way, see the following tutorials:
- How to Hire Your First EmployeesAndrew Blackman06 Dec 2022
- How to Ensure Diversity in Your Recruiting and Hiring PracticesAndrew Blackman24 Mar 2017
2. Get New Staff Up to Speed Quickly
When you've gone to so much effort to hire the right people, the last thing you want to do is lose them. But that's exactly what can happen if you don't have the right onboarding training. A recent survey found that 40% of employees leave a job within the first year if they receive poor job training.
When you're just starting out, you can train the first few new employees yourself. But as soon as you grow beyond a few members of staff, you'll need to create a formal orientation training plan that includes at a minimum:
- an introduction to the company's history and values
- practical information about pay, benefits, company policies, vacation time, etc.
- the business structure and key people
- who your customers are and what they want
- what behavior is expected from employees
- the tools and software that the new employee will need to learn
You can find more details in the following tutorial:
3. Offer Competitive Pay and Benefits
How do you know how much to pay your people? And once you've found the right number, how can you keep up with a changing market and your employees' constantly improving range of skills and experience?
The answer is compensation benchmarking. And offering attractive benefits like health insurance, parental leave and retirement plans can also help persuade talented people to join your company (and convince them to stay longer once they're on board).
To find out how compensation benchmarking works and which employee benefits you should be offering, read this article:
4. Keep Your Employees Safe
This may not be something you think about much, especially if you run an office-based business with few obvious hazards. But consider the fact that in the United States in 2015 alone, 4,836 employees died from injuries sustained in the workplace.
It should be clear that your employees' safety is your most important responsibility. So it's important that you:
- assess the risks
- put controls in place
- ensure that everyone follows the safety rules
There's much more detail to it, of course, and you can find that in the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Small Business Handbook, or in the following tutorials:
- What Are the Important HR Requirements for Small Business?Andrew Blackman07 Sep 2017
- Are You Prepared? How to Make a Disaster Recovery Plan for Your BusinessAndrew Blackman11 Aug 2022
5. Have Clear Employment Policies
Small businesses are often run very informally, and sometimes that can be a strength. But it can also lead to confusion, inefficiency, loss of productivity, and sometimes potential legal problems.
So, it's worth taking the time to create an employee handbook with clear documentation. A handbook usually includes the following sections:
- company overview
- safety policies
- diversity and equality statement
- pay and benefits
- code of conduct
- discipline and termination
- acknowledgement of receipt (for employee to sign)
- legal notices
Not sure what these sections should include? Human Resource Solutions provides a free employee handbook template on its website, or you can find more guidance here:
6. Measure Employee Performance
So, you've hired the right people, you're paying them fairly, and you've ensured that they're safe at work and know all the company policies. Great!
Now you need to set up a performance review process. The point is not just to check up on people. Performance reviews can be very helpful to employees as well, by establishing clear goals and expectations and letting them know how they're doing.
For more on the importance of performance reviews and how to set them up right, here are some extra resources:
- 20 Worst Small Business HR Issues (+How to Deal With Them)Andrew Blackman22 Sep 2022
- How to Offer Competitive Small Business Pay & BenefitsAndrew Blackman21 Feb 2022
7. Communicate Clearly
Good communication is at the heart of any successful business. And the flipside of that, of course, is that bad communication can be disastrous. In a survey by training company Fierce Inc., 86% of respondents blamed lack of collaboration or ineffective communication for workplace failures.
Small businesses have a clear advantage here—it's much easier to communicate with a few dozen employees than a few thousand. But you still have to be careful to set things up right. In the following tutorial, you'll learn all about the best ways to keep people informed, communicate the company's values, get feedback from staff, and more.
8. Provide Effective Training
We've covered orientation training for new employees already, but training is a consistent requirement. If you want to stay ahead of the curve in an evolving and competitive marketplace, you'll need well-trained employees who are constantly learning new skills. Good training can also be a powerful tool for improving employee satisfaction and retention.
If you're thinking you can't afford it, think again. While traditional corporate training programs can be expensive, there are plenty of free or low-cost alternatives. You can read more about them, along with details of how to put together individual training plans for each employee, in this tutorial:
9. Keep Your Staff Happy and Improve Retention
Many of the other things we're looking at in this article, such as good communication and effective training, will lead to happier staff who stay with you longer.
But it's still worth paying particular attention to this area and tracking your staff turnover rate. High turnover can be costly for your business, not just because of the cost of hiring and training replacements, but also because of the lost knowledge and expertise that departing employees take with them. It can also be disastrous for staff morale to see people quitting all the time.
To find out how to track staff turnover, see the last section of this tutorial:
And for tips on persuading employees to stay, read this:
10. Comply With the Rules
Here's an important reason not to run your small business informally: employment law. There's a whole raft of regulations out there, and many of those rules apply to small businesses.
Are you complying with equal opportunity laws? Are you giving your employees the rights they're entitled to under your country's legal code? Are you processing payroll efficiently and keeping any records you're required to maintain?
If not, you may want to check out this quick guide:
11. Resolve Conflicts
In a large company, when conflicts arise between employees, they're typically handled by managers and then passed to the HR department if they become more serious and intractable.
Those conflicts can arise in small companies too, and if you don't have dedicated HR staff, you'll probably be the one to resolve them. Try this checklist from the Human Resources department at the University of California, Berkeley:
- Acknowledge that a difficult situation exists.
- Let individuals express their feelings.
- Define the problem.
- Determine underlying needs.
- Find common areas of agreement, no matter how small.
- Find solutions to satisfy needs.
- Determine follow-up you will take to monitor actions.
- Determine what you'll do if the conflict goes unresolved.
And you can also read the last section of our communication tutorial:
12. Be Efficient With Payroll and Other Paperwork
Everybody loves to get paid on time. Running payroll effectively should be quite straightforward, especially if you use good software to help you, but it's still possible to make mistakes. There's no surer way of losing an employee's trust than being late with a paycheck.
And then you need to make sure you've deducted the right amount of tax and filed the appropriate forms with the tax authorities. It's not the most exciting stuff you'll ever do as a business owner, but it's very important that you get it right. Here are a couple of guides:
- How to Run Payroll (Systematize Your Process)Andrew Blackman21 Jun 2016
- What Are the Important HR Requirements for Small Business?Andrew Blackman07 Sep 2017
13. Ensure Diversity and Fairness in the Workplace
It's 2017. If your workplace is not as diverse as the society you live and work in, you need to ask yourself why, and take steps to address the problem. I'm sure you're not consciously excluding people based on gender, race, age or other criteria, but you may well be doing so unconsciously—and harming your business in the process.
Here's a guide to the benefits of diversity (hint—making more money is top of the list).
And here's a guide to putting it into practice:
14. Handle the Termination Process
If you're doing HR right, your employees should be happier and more productive in their jobs, and fewer of them will want to quit. But still, no matter what you do, at some point you'll have to handle the situation of an employee wanting to quit—or sometimes, you'll need to fire someone for poor performance.
From ensuring a smooth handover to covering your legal bases, there's a lot to do. And you'll also want to run an exit interview to make sure you know what went wrong and how you can improve things to avoid similar situations in future. Read this tutorial to find out more:
15. Get the Right Help
We've covered a lot of ground in this article. If you do everything we've talked about today and everything that's recommended in the supporting tutorials, it could quite easily get overwhelming. As a small business owner, you've got so many other things to take care of, like planning for the future of your business, putting together effective sales and marketing strategies, monitoring the accounts, and much more.
So, it's likely that you'll need help with HR in some form. That could mean hiring someone, but for a small business it's more likely that you'll use outsourcing services or HR software. We've got a tutorial on HR software coming up soon, and you can read the following tutorial to find out how HR outsourcing works and get profiles of some of the main providers.
In today's article, you've got an overview of the essential HR basics for small business owners to understand. You should now have a clearer idea of what's involved in managing HR.
To take action on each area of HR basics, you'll need to get some more detail, of course, so I'd encourage you to read the linked resources when you have time, or check out the full series on HR for small business.


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Product Details:
Medium: 170g
Care Instructions:
Crunch will stay fresh at room temperature in the sealed bag for up to six months. Once the bag is open consume within 7 days.


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John Meehan
- Case #: 09PB2712
- Police badge #: 18272
- Download original case files
- Recommendation Termination
- Decision Suspension
- Length of process 7 months March 16, 2009 to October 15, 2009 Closed
- Investigative Agency Not Specified
Charged with violating 3 rules on 9 counts
|Rule 2
|3 counts
Any action or conduct which impedes the Department's efforts to achieve its policy and goals or brings discredit upon the Department.
|Rule 6
|3 counts
Disobedience of an order or directive, whether written or oral.
|Rule 24
|3 counts
Failure to follow medical roll procedures.
Board Member Votes & Decisions
Majority Decision
8 agreed
Agreed with the final decision of the board
1 disagreed
Disagreed with the final decision of the board
1 did not vote
Did not vote or were not present for voting


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Zachary Quinto is an eclectic player in Hollywood. In the 18 years he's been active on the professional scene, Quinto has racked up 15 film credits and 26 television roles, while also founding a production company, Before the Door Pictures, back in 2008.
He's got a lot going on.
But in between having his hand in several different projects and beating back the hordes of reporters looking for a scoop on the next Star Trek movie, Quinto still finds the time to return to his first love: theater.
The stage is where many an actor has cut their teeth and developed their craft. Ask any entertainer and they'll tell you there's nothing quite like performing in front of a live audience. Quinto is no different, though the actor best known as the new Spock and the serial killer Sylar in Heroes is taking on a whole different kind of animal with his next role.
Starting later this month, Quinto will be starring in the 50th anniversary production of The Boys in the Band, a groundbreaking dramedy that furthered LGBTQ represenatation in the arts.
No pressure, though.
Not only is it a great role for any actor and a chance to work with talented castmates who also happen to be longtime friends—the play co-stars Matt Bomer, Jim Parsons, Andrew Rannells and more names you might recognize—but it also represents a next step in how the LGBTQ community is seen in entertainment.
Were you familiar with The Boys in the Band before stepping into this role?
I had never seen it. I knew of it. I had read scenes. I had known of it from drama school. But I've never seen a full production of it. So I wouldn't say that I was more familiar than most people. I knew the history of it. In some ways I knew the stigmas that were attached to it more than I knew the play itself. Now that I've really gotten familiar with it, I feel like I have a much more complete and well-rounded appreciation for it.
Was there any trepidation on your part or struggle against being overly reverent of the material for the 50th anniversary?
I wouldn't say I was concerned about over-reverence. If anything I was concerned with how the play resonated for a contemporary audience. And my trepidations were calmed by the many conversations I had with Joe Mantello and Ryan Murphy and David Stone about why to do this play now. The more we spoke of it and the more I reread it, the more I understood, actually, what an example it is for how far we've come and how far we have to go in terms of acceptance for the LGBTQ community but also acceptance within the community and acceptance of ourselves. I think the play is a real touch to that particular psychological examination, which is to say loving ourselves as human beings is not easier in the 50 years since the play was originally produced.
I think that socially and politically for the LGBTQ community, things have evolved and in many ways things are much easier today than they were 50 years ago, but I don't think that's always true within people. That's really what this play is looking at. I can just see the resonance of it psychologically and the kind of universality of the play actually from a psychological standpoint.
Representation has improved recently with films like Moonlight, Call Me by Your Name and Love, Simon. But, to your point, acceptance of yourself may not have come as far as we think. How can entertainment like this help take that next step?
I think all those projects that you just mentioned have at least one straight actor playing gay characters or in some cases all straight actors playing gay characters, so the idea of representation I think is really important. This is a production that has an entirely openly gay cast. Every single member of the cast is out and successful, accomplished, working. We have a gay director, gay producer. Representation in this production is really the cornerstone of what sets it apart. The original cast of The Boys in the Band in 1968 struggled, in some cases all their lives, all their careers, to reconcile these two aspects of who they were. Actors and men, and gay men at the same time. How they married those two identities was in some cases an insurmountable hurdle for some of the actors. And so I think that idea of accurately representing who these characters are and the characters who are playing them in terms of their identity and authenticity is really exciting.
I think we need to continue in that direction and adjust to the way that straight actors are given the opportunity to play gay characters. I feel like gay actors getting the opportunity to play straight characters is something that we're all working toward and striving for. That's sort of one of the conditions that hopefully this production will strengthen because we are all people who are standing up and saying this is who we are. We're not afraid of our history or our legacy, where we come from and leaning into that aspect of ourselves to create these characters is an exciting thing. I think it's a thing that indicates that all of us are willing to stand up and be talented and hopefully that commitment will lead to some opportunities for us as actors as well.
You've put together a very eclectic career between TV, film and stage. I'm just curious what is the biggest pull of each medium. Which is your favorite overall?
My favorite is theater. It is my past, it is how I began acting, it is how I came to appreciate the art form. And I have been in the theater since I was a little kid so I am never happier or more comfortable than when I am doing a play. There is something about it that's totally ineffable and really exhilarating and the ritual of it, the kind of devotional quality of doing theater, is something that keeps me inspired and motivated in a way that I can't explain only to say there is nothing like it.
I love also film and television for different reasons. Film is kind of like a flash mob of an experience. People come together. Everybody channels their energy into telling one story and creating one experience for a finite amount of time. There is something immersive about it, right. And you're capturing something and everybody scatters and goes a different way when it's done.
And television is more of a long game. Theater is too. But if you're in a series, you get to live through a character through many different iterations of the narrative and there is something really sustaining about that. You build a tight ensemble of people that you're working with for season after season and there's a trust that comes from that. But it's peppered with a kind for variety that I think is really exciting and nowadays, especially in television, is a medium which there seems to be no limit. That's really exciting.
Your answer reminds me of a famous quote, "TV is a writer's medium, movies are a director's medium, and the stage is an actor's medium."
Yeah. It is true if you think about it. Theater is the only place that the actor is ultimately responsible for the audience's experience. Obviously with the support of the stage management and the board operator's, but once the curtain goes up in terms of the audiences connection to the play or to the material, it's really kind of solely in the hands of the actor. When you're making a film or a television show, yes, you're making one contribution, but we basically show up, stand on our mark and say our lines and then the editor and the director and the music supervisor and the sound… all these people come in and they add their touch to it and shape what it is that we as actors contribute. It's exciting in its own way.
I'm sure you appreciate when the boom guy goes 'hey, great take,' but it's not the same as hundreds of people applauding.
That's true, very true.
You've worked with some really amazing content creators: Tony Kushner, J.J. Abrams, Ryan Murphy, the list goes on. Have you plucked any of their approaches or specific qualities and applied it to your own career, especially as a producer?
All those people are really amazing and inspiring and accomplished in their own ways. I think that what J.J. has built has been a kind of beacon for me just in ethos. The way that he brings people in. The spirit of collaboration that he engenders in people. Even just going to the Bad Robot offices is like an excursion, like a field trip. There's just so much to see. It's like an idea factory. I think also because he was one of the early people I worked with that he set that kind of tone for me, an aspirational tone.
I love Kushner. I love how he works. I love the kinds of stories he tells and the joy he takes in telling them. Ryan is somebody else that I look to for inspiration and his spirit of authenticity and uncompromising creative vision. His loyalty. His commitment to the people he collaborates with. The opportunity he creates for actors I feel is really unparalleled and I've been really lucky to benefit from that. I think J.J. and Ryan are the two people who have influenced me most in terms of what I aspire to.
What is one thing about yourself that your fans would be surprised to learn?
I guess most people know I play the banjo now. I usually say that, but I feel like I've said it too many times… I hate tomatoes. I hate celery.
But do you like ketchup?
I do.
I have found that if you hate tomatoes, you like ketchup and if you're like me and you hate ketchup, you love tomatoes. It's a very strange dichotomy.
I also hate cilantro. It's one of those genetic things then.
If you could have dinner with one fictional character, who would it be?
Maybe I would have dinner with Queen Elizabeth as portrayed by Cate Blanchett, just so I could have dinner with Cate Blanchett.
That is a very creative loophole answer. In all my years of asking this question, I have not heard something quite like that.
Glad I could give you something new.
This interview has been edited and condensed.


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Tuesday, April 1, 2014
MLB Instant Replay Reviews 007, 008: Jim Wolf (01, 02)
These are Jim Wolf (28)'s first and second instant replay challenges/reviews of 2014.
Jim Wolf (28) is now 2/2 (1.000 Accuracy) in Instant Replay Reviews during 2014.
Crew Chief Brian Gorman's crew is now 2/2 (1.000 Accuracy) in Replay Reviews during 2014.
Listed Replay Official Crew Chiefs: Larry Vanover, Jeff Kellogg.
These are the 7th and 8th instant Replay Reviews of the 2014 MLB Regular Season.
Blue Jays Manager John Gibbons is now 0/2 (.000 Success) in Instant Replay Challenges/Requests in 2014.
Umpires are now 5/8 (.625 Accuracy) in Instant Replay Reviews during the 2014 MLB season.
Wrap: Toronto Blue Jays vs. Tampa Bay Rays, 4/1/14
Video: Play stands; Jim Wolf's seventh-inning foul ball call is supported by Instant Replay (TB)
Video: Play stands; Longoria and Loney combine for great play as Cabrera's out is confirmed (TB)
Video: Definitive Angle; Wolf's out call is confirmed by the Replay Officials in New York (MLBAM)
By Lindsay at 7:49 PM
Labels: HR/Not HR , Instant Replay , Jim Wolf , John Gibbons , QOCY , TOR , UEFL
2 comments :
- Lindsay said...
on the foul ball? The poll on the roof of Tropicana is at a weird angle compared to the standard pole.
- April 1, 2014 at 9:00 PM
- Lindsay said...
That home run foul ball call is tough to see on the video replay since every other angle is deceiving.
- April 1, 2014 at 9:05 PM
Subscribe to: Post Comments ( Atom )


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More Info
State: Connecticut
Country: United States
Description: My tank is a 40 gallon breeder tank, argonite sand for substrate. Coral skeleton pieces to keep the ph at a steady 8.0 for my Mbuma cichlids. I'm using a marineland 55 gallon canister filter, current usa salletite led light strip. I'm also using a 80 gallon air pump, & I had real plants in the tank, but the cichlids & algae eaters enjoy eating them. I treat the water by the gallon, using prime to condition the water, also using API fresh water aquarium salt about the size of a quarter in my hand & about 5 drops of Prime per gallon. I keep the temp around 78 to 80 degrees. I use a 80 gallon circulation pump to keep currents in the tank.
Advice: Let your water cycle first for a few days before adding fish. Have back up heaters & filter equipment & chemicals for a start up tank cycle, have stuff for ick & disease for the fish. Using the salts for the tank also promote health Gil function & treat disease in the tank. Be patient with the tank it'll take some time to get acclimated & healthy bacteria.
Fish Kept: Red Zebra Cichlid, Electric Yellow Cichlid, Electric Blue Cichlid, Demasoni Cichlid, Sailfin Pleco (L-83)
Corals/Plants: Plastic plants , fake corals
Tank Size: 40 gallons
When it comes to snails in the freshwater aquarium, not all of them are bad.
Find out which fish will rapidly outgrow your tank, and the smaller alternatives that are available.
The pet trade gets a bad rap for exploiting wild animals but sometimes the opposite is true.


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Just pretend like I wrote a worthwhile introduction. It works out better for everyone this way.
Blues News:
- Stay up late as the Blues visit Anaheim, who will probably start Jonas Hiller, who's coming off back to back shutouts. See you at 9PM? [Post-Dispatch]
- As of 1:40AM Tuesday night, the Blues say they have not signed Kyle Wellwood, although there is interest. [Post-Dispatch]
- "Hockey Guy" is none too please with Jaro, Eej, Bergie, and Boyes. I can understand the last two, but Johnson and The Client have done more than enough at other points in the season. I'm willing to call their present struggles just a cold streak. [Post-Dispatch]
- The Blues are further along at the midpoint compared to last season, which is nice. I was hoping I'd be able to say more than that, though, concerning Blues improvement. [Post-Dispatch]
- Silver lining for Jaden Schwartz's bad wheel: More time with his family. [Post-Dispatch]
NHL News:
- Everything bad that happens is P.K. Subban's fault. Actually, this slewfoot definitely was his fault. Big time. [Puck Daddy]
- Speaking of cheap moves: The Sucker Punch, the worst of the worst? [TSN]
- I have a hard time believing that there's already a "next Mike Richards," but if Bob McKenzie says there's one coming out of Sweden for the next draft, I'm inclined to believe it. SCANDINAVIANSHIP! [TSN]
- Nothing like a KO punch in a fight. POW! [Puck Daddy]
- Perron and McDonald will have to pass this standard issue NHL concussion test. Fortunately, one of our favorite Leafs fans has a copy. [Down Goes Brown]
- The doctor's visit is different when you're a hockey player. At least the Blues made the cover photo of a Puck Daddy article in some fashion. [Puck Daddy]
Other Stuff:
- UWWildthing continues to be money with the links: The South Park Alignment Chart. [Dorkly]
- NateTheGreat with some brilliant insight off of this article: "So all we need is for brad boyes' wife to get pregnant and crave some goals." [Consumerist]
- More Wildthing: Keep an eye out for Officer Ru Paul. [WBAL]
Hildymac with one more reason to stay off the roads: Dude lit his BMW on fire just because he gunned it when he lost traction. No way in hell it was the snow. Nooooo, not a chance.
Stay glued to Game Time as we'll have the latest news coming across the wire if/when Wellwood signs officially today. Analysis and fat jokes will soon follow.
Gametimelinks (at) gmail.com


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Hands up who has been caught out by the 5p bag charge!
While we know it's a thing, we just can't bring ourselves to carry around old plastic carriers in our beautiful tote bags. But luckily, Topshop have come up with a shopping saving solution. No more bag charges, with this uber chic leopard print tote that folds away in between each shop, so no more old Tesco bags in your Mulberry. Simply fold up this cute leopard print shopper and pull out as needed. It is super roomy, perfect for your weekly food shop, or for splashing the cash post payday on a shopping spree.
Better yet this large bag is only a tenner, so you get bags of style on a budget price.


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Sunday, 29 September 2013
Sunday Finishes
22 comments :
You are amazing with your finishes! They all look lovely.ReplyDelete
You've been very busy, love the zippered pouches as well as Leanne's draw-string bag.....MMmmm Chrisyy decorations must get on a do a few as well thanks for the reminder :) Barb.ReplyDelete
Great finishes...love them all.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous29 September 2013 at 19:35
awesome my friend you have done very well and i know what you finished i think and i cant wait to see it,you made me one of those cute Leanne Beasley bags and i love it,well done my friend on your beautiful finishes.xxReplyDelete
Very nice projects. I love the little bag.ReplyDelete
Love your finishes! It is a nice feeling when you finish something!ReplyDelete
They look fabulous Sharon!!! What a lovely feeling it is when we finish things we've been working on, whether they were long-term projects, long-lost projects found sitting in the back of the cupboard, or something we've only recently started!! Congratulations!!ReplyDelete
Great effort today.ReplyDelete
Even small projects are satisfying to finish. I'm curious about tomorrow now.ReplyDelete
Very productive. Love your projects.ReplyDelete
Great finishesReplyDelete
Well one Sharon,some great finishes.xReplyDelete
Lovely finishes!ReplyDelete
Great sunday !!ReplyDelete
Lovely projects completed, love those pouches.ReplyDelete
wow, you did put your pedal to the metal and got lots done!!! All fab ones too! well done!ReplyDelete
sugary hugs xo :o)
All great finishes Sharon. Cute Chrissie dec. Sharyn:)ReplyDelete
great finishes. feels good when you have a finish. You have been busy.ReplyDelete
Great to have all those finishes marked off...ReplyDelete
Great finishes Sharon. It always feels good to add another OPAM to the list!ReplyDelete
I really love the Leanne Beasley bag fabric!,ReplyDelete
Wow - you accomplished so much! They are all so beautiful.ReplyDelete


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Happy New Year!
We've been lounging around for the last couple of weeks and just enjoying a low key Christmas this year. All of our decorations are down, well, with the exception of these pine cones.
Over the years we've collected pine cones here and there and have a pretty large bag of them. This year (with my husband's help) we spray painted AND glittered some of them.
They were the perfect item to display in this old rusty scale we have up all year long. I added some small red ornaments and a few silver ornaments that were a little larger.
I thought it's was gorgeous and wanted to keep it up a little longer…so I am! I removed all the ornaments and love it for the winter month a.k.a. January. Even though we don't get any snow here in Austin, I like to pretend we do!
Hang each pine cone with some twin or string. We then hung them in our garage to make it easier to spray and then to allow them to dry.
We sprayed some silver…
For a few of the silver ones we ended up glittering them.
Once we sprayed them, we instantly sprinkled them with silver glitter. Keep a piece of paper underneath to catch an excess glitter.
Let them all dry completely before using them as decoration.
What do you think? Do you keep up a few winter decorations?


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Gold!(GOUD!), (Le garçon et le poisson magique) (2012)
Libretto by Flora Verbrugge, after the Brothers Grimm; German translation by Barbara Buri; English translation by Benjamin Gordon, French translation by Catherine Fourcassié (D,G,E,F)
1 singer/actor (female,M), 1 percussionist/actor (male)
Abbreviations (PDF)
Boosey & Hawkes / Bote & Bock
Theater Sonnevanck, Enschede
Annechien Koerselman, director
Company: Ekaterina Levental / Sjoerd Nijenhuis
Jacob and his parents are poor. So poor that they cannot even afford a roof over their heads. His father has dug a hole under a tree, where they live. Jacob goes fishing with his father by the sea. One day, Jacob catches quite a special fish. "If you so please, throw me into the sea", says the fish, "throw me in and let me live – I can give you anything you want!" Jacob is so dumbfounded that he drops the fish back into the sea. At night, when he can't sleep, it dawns on him that he should have wished for a pair of shoes. The next day, he goes back to the sea and calls the fish. And, in a flash, a pair of brand-new shoes adorns his feet. Jacob's parents are cross: why didn't he wish for something for the whole family, they ask. A house, for example. The next day, Jacob goes back to the sea, and again the fish fulfils his wish. Just as before, the fish grants all of the requests Jacob makes on his parents' behalf, which become more and more excessive. With each new wish, the fish gets thinner and thinner and the sea rougher and rougher – right until the end ...


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Thank-you for considering a donation to FHISO!
FHISO is a community-driven organisation committed to developing data and information standards for the genealogy and family history industry. FHISO is not a commercial enterprise; it does not sell products or services for profit. Because of this, the organisation relies on membership fees and donations from community members like you.
Your contribution will go to FHISO's general fund. It will help us provide new and improved tools and infrastructure to our members, helping them collaborate more effectively in the development of data and information standards that benefit the whole community. Donations also help FHISO pay for its current tools, infrastructure and other operating expenses.
Please note that this page is for donations only. If you are interested in becoming a member of FHISO, please visit our membership page.
Family History Information Standards Organisation, Inc. (FHISO) is a non-profit corporation in the state of Arizona, USA. FHISO cannot advise you on the tax-deductibility of membership fees or donations in your jurisdiction. Consult with your tax advisor.
Donations are non-refundable.


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- Speakers
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Mother, nurse and Life Coach. Julie has over twenty years of expertise in dealing with video game addicts in her family, including her husband Dr. Doan. She has presented...
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In his gripping memoir, DL Boothe paints a colorful picture of battles endured beginning with the tragic amputation of a hand at age five in Thailand during the Vietnam...
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Jonathan Gibbs is a motivational and inspirational speaker. Jonathan was a self-made millionaire in his 20's. After successfully building several companies Jonathan is passionate about self-starting and a...
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If you are going to Kyrgyzstan for study, work, or permanent residence, you may need to take with you the documents such as birth certificates, diplomas, criminal records and etc. To make your documents valid abroad, they are required to undergo the procedure of consular legalization or Apostille. An apostille is the equivalent of an international notarial seal. Documents which bear an apostille are legally valid for use in all countries party to the Hague Convention on the Legalization of Documents. This includes both the United States and Kyrgyzstan.
The US embassy in Kyrgyzstan can not apostille or authenticate document issued in US. This documents needs to be spouting led by Office of the Secretary in the State which issued the document.


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When you're a mid-career parent thinking about buying a home in the Houston area, many concerns come to mind. Home prices in Houston are some of the most reasonable you'll find in any major metropolitan U.S. area, bar none. And Houston has a great infrastructure that will allow you to easily transition into your new abode. But will living in the Houston area afford you the vibrant lifestyle you're accustomed to, while simultaneously allowing you to live a quiet family existence?
One of the best neighborhoods in the Houston area for families like yours is the suburb of Katy, TX, 30 miles from the Houston city center. Known as one of the most family-oriented towns in the entire Houston area, homes for sale in Katy average about $156,300 on the market, ranging from ranch homes to colonials to sprawling mansions. Although Katy proper is a rather small community, the general Katy area spans a much larger expanse of real estate and is composed of neighborhoods with a range of income levels.
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Privacy and space are major benefits of living in Katy, TX. When considering suburb homes for sale in Houston, it's important to choose the right community for the right reasons. Life in Katy combines a small-town feel with the resources of a big city just minutes away. Katy residents are known to be friendly and down-to-earth, which will help you feel right at home. In fact, many former residents who grew up in Katy long to return.
And to top it all off, Katy offers a modest, yet vibrant cultural experience for those who are looking for a bit of big-city charm to add to their small-town life. With an assortment of top-rated restaurants, movieplexes, live music venues, golf courses, and even a trampoline park, there's plenty in Katy to offer the parents who need an occasional night out – with or without the kids!
Katy boasts a variety of restaurants offering numerous cuisine, from the best BBQ to Mexican to Asian and Italian. There's plenty to offer parents looking to connect with their neighbors, including fitness centers and several thriving churches. An array of home care providers, medical professionals, and even private schools round out a community of caring people who will welcome your family with open arms.
Buying a home in Katy, TX may be the perfect move for you and your family. If you're looking for an inviting small-town community with a big-city edge, don't hesitate. Start doing your research today and discover if Katy is the right place for you!


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Privacy Policy
This Privacy Policy governs the manner in which AddWeb collects, uses, maintains and discloses information collected from users (each, a "User") of the website ("Site"). This privacy policy applies to the Site and all products and services offered by AddWeb.
1. Personal identification information
We may collect personal identification information from Users in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, when Users visit our site, register on the site, place an order, subscribe to the newsletter, fill out a form, and in connection with other activities, services, features or resources we make available on our Site. Users may be asked for, as appropriate, name, email address, phone number. Users may, however, visit our Site anonymously. We will collect personal identification information from Users only if they voluntarily submit such information to us. Users can always refuse to supply personal identification information, except that it may prevent them from engaging in certain Site related activities.
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We may collect non-personal identification information about Users whenever they interact with our Site. Non-personal identification information may include the browser name, the type of computer and technical information about Users means of connection to our Site, such as the operating system and the Internet service providers utilized and other similar information.
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Our Site may use "cookies" to enhance User experience. User's web browser places cookies on their hard drive for record-keeping purposes and sometimes to track information about them. User may choose to set their web browser to refuse cookies, or to alert you when cookies are being sent. If they do so, note that some parts of the Site may not function properly.
4. How we use collected information
Aedu may collect and use Users personal information for the following purposes:
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In order to provide an option to resume the use of our services at a later date, we may retain personal data associated with inactive accounts for up to 24 months from the date of last activity on that account. Users with an active account may access, modify, rectify and delete personal information at any time through their account. Users without an active account may send an email to email@example.com to request for access, rectification or deletion of their personal data. We may refuse to delete or modify your data if we need that data to protect our legal rights or to perform our legal obligations. We hereby inform that the usage/access of the application is stipulated only for those who are above 18-years of age (18+).
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In addition to the rights mentioned in the previous section, Users also have the right to restrict processing of their data, to object to processing of the data, as well as the right to data portability. We will cooperate with Users to fulfil these rights as far as possible.
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Users may find advertising or other content on our Site that link to the sites and services of our partners, suppliers, advertisers, sponsors, licensors and other third parties. We do not control the content or links that appear on these sites and are not responsible for the practices employed by websites linked to or from our Site. In addition, these sites or services, including their content and links, may be constantly changing. These sites and services may have their own privacy policies and customer service policies. Browsing and interaction on any other website, including websites which have a link to our Site, is subject to that website's own terms and policies.
10. Changes to this privacy policy
AddWeb has the discretion to update this privacy policy at any time. When we do, we will revise the updated date at the bottom of this page. We encourage Users to frequently check this page for any changes to stay informed about how we are helping to protect the personal information we collect. You acknowledge and agree that it is your responsibility to review this privacy policy periodically and become aware of modifications.
11. Your acceptance of these terms
In order to use this Site, you must accept this policy and our accompanying terms of service. If you do not agree to this policy or the terms of service, please do not use our Site. Your continued use of the Site following the posting of changes to this policy will be deemed your acceptance of those changes. Provision of personal data to us under this policy is essential for us to be able to provide our services to you. Failure to provide correct and complete information to us could result in unintentional failure to provide complete and proper services to you. You may revoke your consent at any time by sending an email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Revoking your consent would result in the deletion of your account including irrevocable loss of all data related to your account.
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If you have any questions or comments about this Privacy Policy, the practices of this site, or your dealings with this site, we request you to please contact us at:
AddWeb Solution Pvt Ltd
705, Silicon Tower, Law Garden, Ahmedabad
email@example.com | email@example.com
This document was last updated on 17th July, 2018.


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Let´s talk about the Most Beautiful Living Rooms of 2019 full of glam and mid-century modern atmosphere by Balcon Studio.
Talented and passionate Balcon Studio designers create the modern upscale, luxury, lifestyle and residential interiors. Take a look at some of the studio´s Most Beautiful Living Rooms.
SEE ALSO: Stunning Mid-Century Modern Interiors by Sundukovy Sisters
Sophisticated materials like natural ocher wood and French-style parquet flooring are the key elements of this beautiful living room. Its streamlined slatted wall panels and wood kitchen facades harmoniously combine with such a seemingly cold sleek design kitchen island made of marble. The interior was complemented by contrasting bar stools by mid-century modern furniture brand Essential Home add a touch of glam and color to this beautiful living room area.
Handmade mid-century modern bar stools Collins is a crescent open back bar chair designed with sleek mid-century modern lines. It has glamorous glossy black legs, accented by polished brass details, especially in the bottom legs, and is upholstered in the highest quality velvet.
A massive gypsum cornice and black parquet layered at a 90 ° angle called a Christmas tree are the key decorative elements of this beautiful living room.
In the kitchen and in the dining area, the main material is Carrara marble valued for its color and sophisticated veins. Its incredible color is in harmony with the rest of the interior. A large sofa and decorative armchairs, a carpet with a classic grunge pattern and scuffs add an edge to this interior.
This spectacular and functional Art Deco aesthetics inspired modern living room, combines sophisticated elements of a classic style living room and rigorously chosen mid-century modern like furniture ad decor elements.
Straight and broken lines, angularity, clear shapes, rich but color palette – everything is here.
Editor's Choice!
Balcon Studio´s team focuses on accessories and decorative elements. You can achieve a similar look with handmade mid-century modern pendant lamp Atomic from DelightFULL. Its molecular form was inspired by the composition of the atom. Made of noble materials such as brass, steel, and aluminum, this handmade chandelier is covered in glossy black lacquer and gold-plated finishes.
Art deco and mid-century modern elements help to create an aura of sophisticated interiors of the 40s -70s decades in Balcon Studio´s Beautiful Living Rooms.
Large furniture and art objects, modern dining table and chairs and, a centerpiece of the interior – a massive chandelier above the table create a glamorous atmosphere.
SEE ALSO: Mid-Century Casegoods Essentials For Any Modern Living Room
We hope you liked our article about Most Beautiful Living Rooms of 2019 by Balcon Studio. Feel free to pin all the images to your favorite Pinterest board or to print it and use in your mood board. Don't forget to explore our Pinterest boards for more Living Room Ideas. Subscribe our newsletter and receive the best tips in your email box.


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Slippery banana study wins Ig Nobel prize
Ig Nobel Prizes 2014 Researchers who measured the slipperiness of banana peel, the ability of pork strips to stop nosebleeds, and the reactions of reindeer to people in polar bear suits were among the winners of this year's Ig Nobel prizes.
The annual awards for some of the more unusual or wacky scientific research projects have become the traditional comical counterpart to the prestigious Nobel Prizes, which will be announced in Stockholm next month.
Among this year's ten Ig Nobel awards, four went to researchers who had a peculiar interest in food.
A team of Japanese scientists earned the Ig Nobel prize in Physics for their paper titled "Frictional Coefficient under Banana Skin" which detailed the hazards of stepping on a banana peel.
Prizes were also awarded for studying what happens in the brains of people who see the face of Jesus in their toast, how infant poop can be used in the production of fermented sausages, and how pork strips can be stuffed into nostrils to stop nosebleeds.
Other Ig Nobel prizes went to researchers who measured the relative pain people suffer while looking at an ugly painting, investigating whether cat ownership can be mentally hazardous, and studying to see if people who routinely stay up late can be more psychopathic.
Former winners of real Nobel prizes handed out the awards at a ceremony at Harvard University in Massachusetts.
A personal favourite of Marc Abrahams, architect of the Ig Nobels, was a study by a team of Norwegian and German researchers who tested how reindeer react to seeing humans wearing polar bear costumes.
"I've never in my life met anyone who disguised himself as a polar bear to frighten a reindeer," Abrahams says.
The winners also included scientists from the Czech Republic, Germany and Zambia who determined that dogs prefer to align their body axis with the Earth's north-south geomagnetic field lines while defecating, and the Italian government's National Institute of Statistics for increasing the official size of the economy by including revenues from prostitution, drugs dealing, smuggling and other crimes.