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-The total list of Prizes will be updated abd confirmed against June 1st, 2022 after the application deadline.
-Notice that aside the Prize winners additional finalists can be added in the Final round, receiving also the official title of
- Ludwig Albert Adams signature Concert Marimba (value 18.000 Euro).
- Invitation jury & festival artist (future editions).
- Invitation International festivals.
- Laureate Diploma.
- 1.000 euro
- 500 euro valued products.
- Invitation jury & festival artist (future editions).
- Laureate Diploma.
- 500 euro.
- 250 euro valued products.
- Invitation jury & festival artist (future editions).
- Laureate Diploma.
1st Prize Laureates Chamber Music
- 1.000 Euro .
- 500 Euro valued products
- Invitation jury and festival artists (future editions).
- Invitation int. festivals.
- Laureates diploma
- 500 Euro.
- 250 Euro valued products.
- Invitation jury & festival artist (future editions)
- Laureates diploma
3rd Laureates Prizes Chamber Music
- 300 Euro.
- 250 Euro valued products.
- Invitation jury & festival artist (future editions)
- Laureates diploma
- Best performance Prize of Belgian works (solo & Chamber Music)
- Ludwig Albert Talent Prize
- Igor Lesnik Prize: -best performance of Croatian works. published by biNg bang Publications - this award might be shared among several performers.
- Invitation at international festivals can be offered to all laureates.
- Free participation of the Ludwig Albert Int. Marimba Academy will be offered to all laureates, donated by marimba-projects (value 300 Euro each laureate).
- Belgian scholarships can be granted to European candidates for one year study at the Marimba Master department (Master marimba & Master marimba Chamber music) at the Royal Conservatoire Antwerp and/or the LUCA university College of Arts Leuven (value 1000 Euro- donated by Dr. Ludwig Albert).
- Endorsement: The laureates can be recommended by the Competition Board to the companies to be considered as future endorsed artist. Notice that the companies decide only by their interest further offer.
- Recording and CD release: Laureates can be considered, by interest of Splendid Arts Edition, for further recording of licensed CD production. Notice that Splendid Arts Edition decide and award only this Prize by appearing interest (value 4.000 Euro).
- Originality Prize.This Prize, donated by Splendid Arts Editio, can be given to candidates performing own compositions and/or arrangements. It includes Int. publishing and promotion of their works.
General terms:
- All laureate Prizes will be awarded unless there is an insufficient number of eligible participants in a particular category or the judges determine that the quality of the competitor's does not warrant a specific prize/award.
- The Competition owns the right to produce further CD releases of all recordings made during the competition.
- In case future Cd productions will be offered to winning laureates, it is required to include in the booklet the Competition's awarded Laureate Prize and logo.
- Additional laureate festival performances and showcase opportunities can be presented by some organizations, which handles their specific policy and offered conditions. It might appear that travel expenses are not included and need to be covered personally or by related sponsors. The laureates need to contact personally the organizations to concrete their further presence. Notice that the Competition cannot be hold responsible in case some organizations are delayed or even cancelled due to circumstances.
- The winning instrument will be presented to the laureate. Delivery will be worked out at best with Adams company. Notice that additional costs like transport or customers tax may appear depending of overseas destinations. Those need to be covered personally.
- The laureates are requested to inform in their bio and promotional materials their obtained laureate Prizes and official title of the Universal Marimba Competition Belgium.


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HTFC Receives National and Regional Recognition from the CSLA!
HTFC was the proud recipient of a 2012 National Honour Award for our work with First Nation land claims; and a 2012 Regional Citation Award for our work within the City of Kenora from the Canadian Society of Landscape Architects. National Honour Award for Resolve: Negotiation and Implementation of ...Continue Reading →

subset: commoncrawl


text: Although most of us have been touched in our families by a cancer diagnosis at one point or another, it is still devastating to find out that a loved one is ill. This is exactly how we felt a few years ago when we found out that the mother of my son's godmother was diagnosed with Skin Cancer. Finding out about her condition was especially shocking because this woman is especially health conscious and works very hard to take care of her body. She told me that, as a woman of color, she never really worried about protecting her skin from the sun and was shocked to find out that the mark on her leg was actually malignant. She recovered from this brush with cancer, however, it certainly made me more aware of the importance of wearing sunblock and shielding my skin from the sun's harmful rays. Additionally, it made me become more proactive in protecting my children from the sun as well, especially during the warm summer months when we spend a lot of time outdoors. … [Read more...]


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KC#4: The commute is, so far, the latest chapter of the series of videos "Key Concepts of the Modern World", by León Siminiani. It is a subjective visual essay revolving around ideas of work and rest in the modern era, for which transit between distant places where individuals carry out both of these practices is necessary, always from the viewpoint of "the American dream".
An eloquent text about the idea of contemporary transit, with a previous definition and an ironically dogmatic epilogue, is recited, in English, by a female voice, with the images placing the recital in the present time. With a very fresh editing style, helped by sound and direct cuts, the paradoxical simultaneity of both elements clarify the daily magnitude of the ideas covered.
Just like Siminiani says in his video Introduction to Transit, all his works from the series Key Concepts... (which include The Office, The Permit, and Digital) are sustained by seven self-imposed strict rules, giving the video a structure, and different approaches. From the start, the irony and radical subjectivity of the series dismantle both a didactic appearance, and any dogmatism or categorisation. Other concepts of the "modern world" emerge and are programmatically developed, such as productionism, entertainment, conversations, and thought, as part of the explanation for transit. A world narrated like a tale that takes place within the "American dream".
As a parody of contemporary art's need to be supported by, or based on, a philosophical theory that not even the artists know on the one hand, and the artists' need to instruct the viewer, who is not as ignorant as they think (treating him as an ignoramus through the media, which turn him into a mass under the denomination of "audience"), on the other, Siminiani exchanges the same images that, depending on different fragments of text, end up taking on a different meanings every time they appear. With these visual alterations of the story, he prevents the conformism of a supposed viewer, activating him through his perception. The saturation of references allow for him to be redirected towards his own perception of reality through what is narrated, resolving it, like a (oppressive) bond, with the "American dream". This quote is reminiscent of both imported films from the United States, producing an ironic smile of the "oh, he's talking about them" kind, and the verification that everything that is said is also applicable to any context of Western culture. In short, Siminiani implicitly inscribes the viewer and his daily life as realities of that dream, even when they find themselves at a thousand miles' distance.


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Searching for the best choices for Truck Insurance in Arizona? Then you are undoubtedly in the correct place. Pathway Insurance is an Independent Insurance Agency selling each style of Commercial Truck Insurance in Arizona.
In order to talk to some of our skilled staff members, simply contact us at 800-998-0662 to talk with a representative. Our reps are available Monday thru Friday 10 AM to 4:30 PM MST.
In the case that you would prefer to stay online, don't hesitate to put to use our helpful web-based price quote submission process by means of clicking on Arizona Truck Insurance. This specific option is available twenty-four hours each day.
Beyond that, our licensed specialists are accessible 7 days a week through our chat application. Simply click our chat button in order to talk with a representative.
Here is a lineup of several of the different types of ArizonaTruck Insurance offered through our agency:
- Owner Operator Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Tractor Trailer Insurance
- Semi Truck Insurance Arizona
- Bobtail Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Deadhead Insurance
- Non Trucking Liability Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Dump Truck Insurance
- Arizona Tow Truck Insurance
- Moving Truck Insurance Arizona
- Hot Shot Trucking Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Expeditors Insurance
- Arizona Cargo Coverage
Hoping to find insurance coverage without delay? In a lot of circumstances that is certainly not a problem. Contact us at 1-800-998-0662 or visit Arizona Truck Insurance Quotes to send your info to us online and a representative will be speaking with you in the near future.
Never Commit the Following Misstep with your Arizona Truck Insurance!
James Johnson has been a trucker for fifteen years. James has by no means acquired a fine, safety violation, or accident in the time since he embarked on operating professionally. Moreover, James has developed an affiliate network together with a large group of brokers. Up till now, James has indeed been fairly occupied with hardly any break.
James wants some vacation time off of work, though, so he chooses to give permission his brother Tommy to take over a few deliveries for him, regardless of the fact that Tommy has not quite clocked the total amount of hours of service truly mandated.
Tommy winds up with a slew of traffic infractions in a short time frame. James's insurance provider revokes his business truck insurance policy due to the safety negligences.
James speaks to a broker regarding what happened. The broker discovers a supplier ready to cover him, though this will likely charge two times the rate James was handing over previously! He completes the contract and digs up the front money anyhow since he needs to find coverage.
Unhappily, James is given a cancellation letter from his new commercial auto insurance provider, anyway. The insurance firm cites unsatisfactory safety infractions.
James phones in excess of a half-dozen separate insurance sellers and yet not one can set him up with coverage for his business. James is literally made to dissolve his establishment, resell his truck, and go back to being employed for some other guy's megacorp.
What should someone soak up from this turn of events? Cutting corners in the short run can possibly return to burn you later. Perhaps a better option would be to comply with requirements and stay away from schemes which can provoke termination of your insurance plan.
Need Commercial Truck Insurance in Arizona Right Now?
Call 800-998-0662 if you want to speak to a qualified professional as soon as possible or make use of our useful digital price quote entry application offered 7 days a week when you click on Arizona Truck Insurance Quotes.
We are ready to cater to your coverage needs.
We provide services to all cities in Arizona, such as the spots listed here:
- Phoenix Commercial Truck Insurance
- Commercial Truck Insurance Tucson
- Trucking Insurance Mesa Az
- Chandler Az Trucking Insurance
- Glendale Az Commercial Truck Insurance
- Commercial Truck Insurance Scottsdale Az
We provide insurance for both well-established businesses and also new business undertakings, and we offer quotes from a wide range of Commercial Truck Insurance Agencies in Arizona.
We Are Arizona Truck Insurance Specialists!
Just why is it greater to collaborate with a specialist instead of a generalist?
Comparatively, only a handful of providers specialize in Commercial Truck Insurance in Arizona. Many providers sell every different form of insurance coverage.
A specialist, in contrast, can come with business relationships to underwriting markets which a generalist office really does not have the capability or proficiency to get.
Regularly, we are talked to by other third-party insurance sellers who wish for us to insure their clientele on the grounds that these individuals are not connected with the required marketplaces for their clients!
As a specialist organization, we ordinarily can acquire coverage that various other providers are just unable to get by themselves. That is usually a significant perk to you.
For instance, what happens if you go through several claims and your policy provider cancels your business insurance policy? Or else, what will happen if your existing insurance provider makes a choice to exit the marketplace?
You want to have a coverage service that may help you find precisely what you will need to keep you in operation.
Arizona Truck Insurance – Request an Absolutely Free Quote Today!
You may click any of the web links listed here to request a cost-free quote 24 hours a day:
- Tow Truck Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Owner Operator Insurance
- Bobtail Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Non Trucking Liability Insurance
- Arizona Cargo Insurance
- Dump Truck Insurance Arizona
- Moving Truck Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Courier Insurance
- Non-Medical Transportation Insurance Arizona
Tow Truck Insurance Arizona – Insurance Protection for Start-Ups & Decades-Old Institutions 7 Days Each Week!
Need spectacular policies on Tow Truck Insurance in Arizona? Sometimes our agency will be able to find it for you on the same day!
Give us a ring at 800-998-0662 to talk to our certified professionals Monday to Friday prior to 5 PM (MST) or activate our electronic chat window open for use 7 days per week.
We provide Arizona Tow Truck Insurance all over the state. You may make a selection from the locations listed here to issue to our company a desire for price quotes twenty-four hours a day by clicking the city in which your establishment operates:
- Phoenix Tow Truck Insurance
- Tow Truck Insurance Tucson Az
- Insurance for Tow Trucks Tucson Az
- Chandler Trucking Insurance
- Glendale Az Tow Truck Insurance
- Tow Truck Insurance Scottsdale Az
- Arizona Tow Truck Insurance Quotes for Unlisted Areas
Arizona Tow Truck Insurance Is Getting Harder to Secure. This is Why:
In the event that you operate a towing service business, car maintenance business, or automobile dealership and you use tow trucks that have to be covered by business truck insurance, you almost certainly already see just how hard it tends to be to spot affordable prices on Tow Truck Insurance in Arizona and anywhere in the nation at present.
Nothing fewer than 8 insurance providers have broken off offering tow truck policies, and this decision has brought on:
- Major rate swells.
- Difficulties finding policies, chiefly for new businesses.
- Prolonged delays when purchasing new Arizona Tow Truck Insurance policies.
So why have providers ceased providing Tow Truck Insurance and left the market?
Insurance services are no less driven by profit than the next guy; they like to bring in a profit like any old business. Tow truck insurance is a high-stakes variety of insurance coverage, and considering that claims and damages have been larger than anticipated in recent times, a number of businesses have opted to break off supplying Tow Truck Insurance.
For outfits still underwriting Arizona Tow Truck Insurance, our agents have run into long waits for rate quotes, steeper fees, cancellations of standing coverage policies, and an increased reluctance for truck insurance companies to allow exceptions in situations where customers do not meet the beginning underwriting guides.
We Offer Access to Several Marketplaces for Arizona Tow Truck Insurance Companies!
Shortly after one of the leading Tow Truck Insurance Companies departed the tow truck insurance economy, they left in their wake myriad brokers who were not able to find a fall-back for potential clients who are looking for Tow Truck Insurance. Fellow agencies reach out to our team on a weekly basis questioning if we have underwriters that are available.
The up-side is that our agents have connections to lots of businesses who provide coverage for both new enterprises and also long-time tow firms. Please reach our team by dialing 800-998-0662 to talk with one of our specialists.
Exceptional Choices on Essentially Every flavor of Arizona Truck Insurance are Open to You!
Excellent premiums and excellent insurance protection are within your grasp for virtually every kind of Commercial Trucking Insurance in Arizona, and there are a number of ways to get the ball rolling.
- Chat with us online through our useful site's chat program located on this page and speak with an insurance agent!
- Click Commercial Trucking Insurance Arizona to utilize our complimentary electronic rate request form available twenty-four a day!
- Give us a call at 800-998-0662 to talk with a representative over the phone Monday to Friday up until 5 PM.
We look forward to talking to you.
- Owner Operator Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Tractor Trailer Insurance
- Semi Truck Insurance Arizona
- Bobtail Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Deadhead Insurance
- Non Trucking Liability Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Dump Truck Insurance
- Arizona Tow Truck Insurance
- Moving Truck Insurance Arizona
- Hot Shot Trucking Insurance Arizona
- Arizona Expeditors Insurance
- Arizona Cargo Coverage


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At Provincial Roofing, we understand just how important it is to maintain authenticity and integrity when considering a roofing contractor to perform an historic preservation and restoration on your building.
We know the care and proficiency required when working on an historical building and that's why we have a team that specializes in the repair, replacement and restoration of roof and ornamental sheet metal assemblies on historical buildings. Heritage restoration requires a philosophy of tradition with the essential expertise in workmanship to be capable it its replication.
Our dedication to achieving the historical accuracy of your building is second to none. We are well versed in techniques to replicate roofing and flashing elements as well as slate and clay tile; wood/cedar shingles; custom copper roofing and ornamental cornice details; gutters and downspouts; sheet lead ornamental details and domes, spires and vaults.
There is no better area of roofing that better showcases the high level of expertise, quality workmanship and the integrity of the Provincial Roofing team than preservation and conservation of the historical aspects and architectural style of your building.


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Trade magazine publisher VNU Business Media announced yesterday the launch of a Web site for the book publishing industry.
Content on thebookstandard.com includes breaking news, first-look book reviews, proprietary charts, searchable databases and expert analysis.
The site results from cooperation between VNU Business Media — which publishes Billboard, The Hollywood Reporter, The Bookseller, Kirkus Review, Editor & Publisher and Adweek, among other business-to-business publications — and VNU's Nielsen Bookscan, a point-of-sale-based retail sales monitoring service for books covering 6,000 locations nationwide.
Some content will be free, with the rest available by subscription for $9.95 monthly. Full access includes complete chart information, extensive databases and industry contacts.
Chantal Todé covers catalog and retail news and BTB marketing for DM News and DM News.com. To keep up with the latest developments in these areas, subscribe to our daily and weekly e-mail newsletters by visiting www.dmnews.com/newsletters


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Our wine estate has been at the heart of our family for generations. It is the cornerstone of our shared lives and work. Horst and his wife Heike together with his brother Harald Bretz are the driving force right now, but the next generation - daughter Victoria - is already waiting eagerly in the wings.
After a long day's work, few things bring more joy and satisfaction than sitting down together and talking about what we have experienced and accomplished.


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Our mission is clear – with our logistical expertise, we will support you so comprehensively that you can fully and completely concentrate on your core business. To this end, we accompany, advise and take on your assignments, showing you the way towards individual solutions. By optimising the logistics processes in your company, you gain more flexibility for everything that makes your company progress.
What moves you, moves us as well.
Our comprehensive logistics portfolio.
Can one company be equally good in so many fields at the same time?
Yes, if they look for the right specialists as we do.
Sensitive areas require sensitive handling.
Transport and services in the health care industry require absolute reliability and careful handling from our employees. We can guarantee this at all times.
Need more information?
Just ask!
Perfection to the last detail.
For roll-out projects, we also perform installation and function tests exactly according to specifications and submit daily reports.
Want to know more?
Just ask us!
High-Tech needs High-Tech.
We use high-tech transport equipment from our fleet for special transportation of high-tech equipment. Our specialists are available for subsequent installation and assembly.
Have more detailed questions?
Just call us!
There is no substitute for reliability.
This is especially noticeable in spare parts logistics. You are on the safe side with our emergency service, available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Want more examples of our reliability?
Just ask us!
courier runs for
spare parts logistics p.a.
damage rate
units of roll-out project
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Call us at
+49 8122 999 79-0
We would be happy to send you our product information.


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Upon this large blue orb we call home, there are a myriad of fruits and vegetables – many of which most of us have never heard. Amongst those lesser known are hedgehog gourd plants, also known as teasel gourd. What is a hedgehog gourd and what other teasel gourd info can we dig up? Read on to learn more.
What is a Hedgehog Gourd?
Hedgehog or teasel gourd (Cucumis dipsaceus) has many other names including (in English) hedgehog cucumber, tiger's egg, and wild spiny cucumber. Native to eastern Africa, hedgehog gourd plants are widely grown in the coastal regions of India where they are called Kantola in Hindi and are available during the monsoon season– late spring through summer. In fact, teasel gourd is so popular in the Konkani region on the western coast of India that it is used in many of the ritual dishes of the local monsoon festivals.
Teasel gourd, known as Kakroll or Phaagil in various dialects in India, is an egg-shaped, yellow-green fruit of hedgehog gourd plants. The exterior of the fruit has a thick layer of soft spines with a crisp, juicy interior peppered with tiny seeds much like its cucumber cousin. It is used much like squash— stuffed, fried, or pan fried.
Other Teasel Gourd Info
Teasel gourd is also said to have antibiotic properties and has long been utilized in Ayurvedic medicine to aid in blood circulation. It is most commonly eaten accompanied by rice. The most popular dish made with hedgehog gourd is called Phaagila Podi or teasel fritters. The outside of the gourd is first cut off and the fruit cut in half.
The seeds are scooped out with a spoon and added to a mix of spices and chiles, which are then stuffed into each half of the gourd. Then the whole thing is dipped into batter and deep fried until golden brown. Sounds delicious!
If you want to try teasel gourd, it isn't likely that it will be easy to find, at least fresh. It is sold frozen in Indian markets, however, or you can try to grow your own. How does one grow teasel gourds?
How to Grow Teasel Gourds
Teasel gourds are tropical natives, so obviously you need a warm climate to propagate them. Teasel gourd propagation can be found in Hawaii and Baja California, if that gives you an idea of climate requirements. A warm and moist climate is optimal with acidic soil in sun to partial sun.
Seed sowing is the usual method of teasel gourd propagation. Seeds may not be easy to find except through the Internet. Some varieties to look for are:
- Asami
- Monipuri
- Mukundopuri
- Modhupuri
Teasel plants are vining, so provide them with a sturdy support to climb on.
Fertilize with food composed of equal parts nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium initially and then side dress with nitrogen every two to three weeks until late summer, when you can reduce the amount of food and water. At this time the fruit will be finishing ripening and hardening off.
When it's time to harvest the fruit, cut the gourd from the vine with a knife or shears, leaving a bit of the stem intact. Hedgehog gourds are fairly resistant to insects and diseases, and once harvested last quite some time.
Teasel gourd is an interesting and delicious addition that will enliven both the garden and your palate.


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Got some sun puddle time in earlier today...
Now napping in my favorite spot next to mom watching football.
Saturday, October 27, 2012
Lazy Caturday
9 comments:
Looks like you are having the purrfect Caturday, CJ!ReplyDelete
It's nice to have lazy days! I could use a few more of them!ReplyDelete
We wish ours had been lazy! The humans were rushing around ALL DAY. Hrmpf. Caturdays are for CUDDLING.ReplyDelete
You're enjoying the purrfect Caturday. I'm a little stressed because the peeps are a little stressed. We're expecting a hurricane and Frankenstorm in about 12-24 hours.ReplyDelete
Sittin in sunpuddles and bein close to yer Bein are both great things!ReplyDelete
Oh we love to be nice and lazy. That sure looks like a comfy blanket. Hope you have a great lazy day. Take care.ReplyDelete
Oh sweetie - yoiu just get more beautiful every day. We are so happy you are all well now.ReplyDelete
That sunpuddle is just the right size, CJ!ReplyDelete
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Cyberpunk 2077 Still Good for September Release and More! (Andrew Dornan's "What's New?" S2 – E25)
Today on Andrew Dornan's "What's New?", we discuss Cyberpunk 2077 still good for a September 17th release and Pokémon Sword and Shield rage-quitters getting snuffed out!
1.) Cyberpunk 2077 on track for September release, CD Projekt says
2.) Pokemon Sword And Shield Rage Quitters Are Being Investigated
Thank you so much for watching! If you want to know more ways to support me and my content, consider checking out the Support the Content page by clicking here or by selecting the option from the navigation bar!


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News & Buzz
Grasshopper is everywhere
10 Online Tools and Tips for the Budding Entrepreneur
Scott Gerber is a serial entrepreneur, syndicated columnist, public speaker and author of Never Get a "Real" Job. The content of this post was sourced from the Young Entrepreneur Council, a non-profit led by the world's top young entrepreneurs. You can submit your questions to this group on YoungEntrepreneurCouncil.com.
Budding business owners should go virtual wherever and whenever possible. In a fledgling startup, the last thing you need to worry about is excessive infrastructure or expensive overhead. It's already a difficult enough task to generate income and garner clients. Why spend that precious revenue on something as useless as an office space?
Your ego might try to get the best of you, telling you that your business needs that fancy schmancy corner office with a city view. But unless your ego has a few hundred thousand dollars to cough up for rent and amenities, kindly tell it to shut up.
Plain and simple: The vast majority of startups — and more established businesses for that matter — don't need a whole lot. In the last several years there have been a multitude of virtual business services that have become essential to millions of business owners. But in a world of apps and redundant SaaS, which programs and services are best for your business? I asked a panel of successful young entrepreneurs what virtual tools they use to stay lean, effective and productive.
1. Cloud Computing is Essential
As someone who has built a completely virtual company with 25 employees, I can honestly tell you that reliable cloud computing is essential. And, the more you can consolidate web services, the better. We use Google Apps Premiere which, aside from being an excellent substitute for an exchange server, also includes the ability to store and share documents, create groups, and share a calendar.
- Shama Kabani
Company Name: MarketingZen
Twitter: @Shama
2. "Virtual" Doesn't Mean "Alone"
Whether you work in an office, at home, at a coffee shop, or on a beach, people are your most valuable asset. Elance.com can be a virtual entrepreneur's human resources department for hiring and managing people who can offset your strengths. Use it to find your logo designer, website developer, virtual assistant, and other people who can help you build a successful virtual business.
- Natalie MacNeil
Company Name: Imaginarius
Twitter: @NatalieMacneil
Facebook: Natalie MacNeil
3. Project Management is Essential
I love BaseCamp. It has made us [nearly] 100% virtual! It has every possible feature for project management, and other products from 37signals' suite [can] add whatever else you fancy! It's inexpensive and easy to use because once you've subscribed, anyone, e.g. your clients, vendors, and employees, can simply join in via web without … downloading or signing up.
- Devesh Dwivedi
Company Name: BreakingThe9to5Jail.com
Twitter: @Break9to5Jail
Facebook: BreakingThe9toJail
4. Know the "Must-Haves"
I have a completely virtual business at this point and the services that are [an] absolute must for me are Gmail for e-mail, dropbox.com for online storage, skype.com for international calling and IM, Google Voice [for] calling into the U.S. when I am abroad, Google Docs to share Documents in real time and — yes — Facebook, which allows me to stay connected to my business and personal contacts no matter where I am in the world.
- Louis Lautman
Company Name: Young Entrepreneur Society
Twitter: @louislautman
Facebook: LouisLautman
5. Take Advantage of Subscription Services
It's cheaper and easier to create a virtual office than ever before. Start off by getting a mailbox at a local UPS or FedEx Kinko's, get setup with a toll-free phone number through Grasshopper.com, register a professional domain name at NameCheap.com, and get business cards and marketing material from VistaPrint or PrintingForLess.com.
- Matt Mickiewicz
Company Name: 99designs
Twitter: @sitepointmatt
6. Keep Your Systems Simple
I currently run one of my businesses virtually and I believe it's increased efficiency and substantially lowered costs. Some web services I suggest are GotomyPC for international access to one base hard drive, and Evernote for paperless document and image management. More features are not always better. Remember, keep your systems simple.
- Kent Healy
Company Name: DontGetBurnedBlog.com
Twitter: @Kent_Healy
Facebook: Kent Healy
7. Utilize an Online Fax Service
Faxing is still a huge part of running a business, but if you do this activity online it can save you a bit of money. You don't need a printer, toner, or ink and it makes it easy to transfer if you move rather than setting up a new line every time. I recommend Grasshopper or eVoice to help your small business stay mobile and on the go. Both services are awesome and help you with everything you need.
- Ashley Bodi
Company Name: Business Beware
Twitter: @BusinessBeware
Facebook: Ashley Bodi
8. Make Use of Virtual Offices
After a year and a half in business, I moved into my first office at Stark Office Suites. It was the best decision I ever made. I was able to move in and start working immediately without worrying about Internet or phones, and I even have a receptionist answering calls for me. If you are on a shoestring budget, utilize services like Stark Office Suites or Regus, which will keep your overhead to a minimum.
- Kris Ruby
Company Name: Ruby Media Group LLC
Twitter: @sparklingruby
Facebook: Kris Ruby
9. Outsource Your Engineering to oDesk — For Cheap!
If you're building a web-based business, I highly recommend that you go to oDesk.com to hire low-cost engineering talent. oDesk is a directory of international contractors. Take some time to interview and vet the engineers with high ratings and lots of logged contract hours — it's a good filter for finding good talent initially.
- Eric Bahn
Company Name: Beat the GMAT
Twitter: @beatthegmat
Facebook: Beat The GMAT
10. Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
Before buying anything, make the best use of what you already have at your disposal. For instance, your current software, e-mail provider, phone service, and office equipment may be most — if not all — of what you need to start. Also, you can begin with free web services like ZOHO CRM and upgrade after your business has earned the cash to pay for new purchases.
- Elizabeth Saunders
Company Name: Real Life E®
Twitter: @RealLifeE
Facebook: Time Coaching


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Cadillac plans to expand the rollout of Super Cruise from just the 2018 CT6 to the brand's entire line-up by 2020.
Super Cruise is the brand's hands-free driver assistance technology. Executive Vice President Mark Reuss made the announcement during Detroit-area event. He added that after 2020, the technology will be made available on other products within the General Motors family.
Cadillac also plans to offer V2X communications in a high-volume crossover by 2023 and eventually expand the technology across Cadillac's portfolio.
"The expansion of Super Cruise and V2X communications technology demonstrates Cadillac's commitment to innovation, and to making customers' lives better," Reuss said. "GM is just as committed to ushering in a new era of personal transportation, and technologies like these will enable it."
(Jaguar Land Rover aiming for off-road autonomy. Click Here for the story.)
The announcement comes as Tesla's Autopilot is mired into controversy. Several Tesla vehicles have crashed while the technology was in use. The company in each instance has suggested driver error, not the semi-autonomous tech, was the cause. The National Traffic Safety Board is investigating to Tesla collisions now.
Conversely, Waymo just affirmed it placed an order for 62,000 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid minivans to expand their self-driving passenger service in Arizona and other states. SuperCruise isn't GM's only stab at self-driving technology.
The company acquired Cruise Automation a few years ago for $1 billion to accelerate its development of driverless technology. The company is currently testing a fleet of autonomous Chevrolet Bolts. The progress made was substantive enough to entice Japanese investment firm SoftBank to invest an additional $2.25 billion in GM Cruise to ensure it meets its goal of having a fully autonomous vehicle ready by 2019.
GM CEO Mary Barra's pledged at the 2014 ITS World Congress that Cadillac would begin offering advanced intelligent and connected technology in its vehicles.
(Click Here for more about SoftBank's $2.25 billion investment in GM Cruise.)
"Cadillac is proud to be the leader for the company's innovation," said Steve Carlisle, Cadillac president. "Groundbreaking technologies like these continue to provide unparalleled comfort and convenience for our customers."
Super Cruise is a driver assistance feature that uses "precision LiDAR map data, high precision GPS, a state-of-the-art driver attention system and a network of camera and radar sensors." Designed primarily for use on freeways, uses must have an active OnStar service plan with emergency services to function.
The driver attention system helps to keep drivers engaged and detects when drivers need to pay more attention to the road. Even while using Super Cruise, drivers must always pay attention and not use a handheld device.
Cadillac introduced vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications on the CTS sedan in 2017, which uses Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) technology. Using the Basic Safety Message as a base, V2V can be extended to the roadway infrastructure and other roadway users (e.g., cyclists, pedestrians, etc.) establishing a V2X ecosystem.
(To see more about 74% of Americans being "too afraid" to ride in self-driving vehicles, Click Here.)
Using V2X, compatible vehicles can be notified of hazardous road conditions, traffic light statuses, changing work zones and more. With a range of nearly 1,000 feet, drivers can be alerted to possible threats in time to avoid a crash.


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Frequently Asked Questions
FAQ for patients
What is CORE?
CORE (Comprehensive Reimbursement Expertise) provides a reimbursement support program along with online tools and resources. You can find information on the CORE website or by calling CORE at 1-888-587-3263
What is reimbursement?
Reimbursement is the process of obtaining payment from an insurance plan for drugs purchased in advance.
What is prior authorization?
Prior authorization is the process of obtaining approval from an insurance plan for a medication or service before receiving it. Some insurance plans may require prior authorization for Teva products.
What should I do to help my healthcare provider with the insurance process?
Make sure that your doctor's office has your most current insurance information.
Do I need to fill out paperwork?
Typically, your doctor's office submits all paperwork, but you may need to update your patient information at your doctor's office.
What if I don't have insurance?
If you don't have insurance coverage, and have difficulty affording your treatment, contact contact the Teva Cares Foundation at 1-877-237-4881 or visit tevacares.org.
What is an appeal?
An appeal is a request for reconsideration of services that were denied reimbursement by an insurance plan. An appeal is filed if the insurance plan does not pay or does not pay enough for a procedure or service. The appeal is made to the insurance plan and there are usually specific guidelines.
How long do insurance plans have to respond to an appeal request?
The amount of time varies by plan, but insurance plans usually have 30 to 45 days to respond to an appeal request.
Does CORE bill claims?
No. CORE does not provide billing services, but CORE may be able to answer your billing questions.
See frequently asked questions for healthcare professionals


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Living Word Tabernacle Church
Living Word Tabernacle Church
A place where YOU can help others grow
Pastor: Frederick E. Tibbs
The Greatest Story Ever Told is a series that will ensure believers become effective witnesses for Christ.
Join us the last Wednesday of each month at 7:30 pm at 5322 West Orem Drive, Houston, TX 77045.
December 5. 2018
• The Greatest Story ever told is the story of the Bible:
- it is the only story that gives us a reasonable explanation about our origin, existence, and, our future destiny.
• Because the Bible is a story it must be read and studied as such, by that I mean it must be read and studied as one piece, one whole, with one purpose, and one theme. Not as something that has multiple aims (goals)(in other words the Bible is not about a bunch of things, it is about just one thing, and one thing only)(while it contains many things concerning this one thing, all of them have either a descriptive, explanatory, illustrative, or supporting role and are not a subject unto themselves separate from the Bible's main theme/subject).
• What is then the Bible's one purpose, aim, one goal: The salvation: i.e. reconciliation- redemption – andrestoration of mankind (i.e. the Revelation concerning it…)
• So caution must be exercised when reading or studying this book called The Bible or we will misunderstand, misinterpret, and worse of all misuse its words, commands, promises, and meaning(s) – II Timothy 2:15
• Let's start with the THEME(subject) of The Bible: Genesis 3:15 (The theme is the key that unlocks for the reader the purpose/meaning of what has been written(don't forget this as you read any literature but especially when reading The Bible)
• The Theme will also dictate how a story is laid out (outlined)
• Chapter One – In the beginning – Genesis 1-2
• Chapter Two – The fall – Genesis 3
• Chapter Three – The Promised One – Genesis 3:15
• Chapter Four – The work in progress – Genesis 4 – Matthew 1
• Chapter Five – A promise fulfilled – Matthew- Jude
• Chapter Six – Thy kingdom has come – Revelation 4- 19:10
• Chapter Seven – The End! –Revelation 19:11-22:21


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Indian Lake Park to Lacey-Keosaqua State Park: Some real 'trail magic'
Monday May 17, 2010, 21 miles (33 km) – Total so far: 448 miles (721 km)
It rained and rained – all night long from 8:30 pm. It is still raining at 7:30am, but seems to have eased off a bit. I'm not ready to face the rain yet again, and I'm not planning on going far today, so I lie there until about 8:30am. I slowly begin to pack up and once everything is in the panniers, I take them over to a covered picnic table area and then drag my tent over there, too. I slowly pack up and eventually leave around 10am.
It's lightly raining, but not nearly as bad as the mornings leaving Lincoln and Nauvoo. Luckily, now that I'm in a new county, Hwy 2 has a shoulder so I'm able to cruise down the hills and crawl up the next ones in peace. It doesn't take long to cover the five miles to the turnoff to Bonaparte. Unfortunately, the county road (J40) seems to have a similar amount of traffic as Hwy 2, but no shoulder. I manage though. There isn't much to Bonaparte. I go into an old and still-functioning grocery store to buy a chocolate milk, and the stench of mould is nearly overpowering. 2 blocks from the Des Moines River and it has obviously been flooded a few times and never properly dried out! I chat with the check-out lady about all the rain, and she's not particularly worried about flooding. The floods a couple years ago were higher than the floods in 1993, but the 93 floodwater stuck around longer (and based on the smell, I'm thinking some of that water is still infused in the warped floorboards!). I then have a look at the old lock and riverfront park, noting that the fancy restaurant place is putting out some delicious garlic smells.
I head off to Bentonsport – some initial climbing away from the river and then just rolling hills. The road drops back down to the river at Bentonsport, but I want to check out the village, so I can't ride out the downhill run. Bentonsport is a sleepy little place at the moment – the shops in the historic buildings aren't open and the only signs of life are two people walking up the road with fishing poles and a man pumping out the basement of a building. I go up to check out the old bridge that is now a pedestrian-only affair. It's one of the only remaining iron truss bridges in the state and was used by autos up until 1985. It's so narrow I have no idea how cars passed each other – very closely, I suppose.
From here to Keosaqua it's more rolling hills that seem to take forever. It's been drizzling or sprinkling on and off all day, so the beauty of the area is 'dampened' by the bleak, grey skies and temps around 60 degrees. But at least it's not windy!! The road into town (Hwy 1) has a shoulder and I zoom downhill to the main street. I find a café, Village Cup and Cakes, and get a beautiful, huge cup of hot chocolate, a salad and some broccoli soup. The service is pretty slow but the food is good and reasonably priced. The only other option I could see in town looked like a diner/ fried food sort of place.
As I'm leaving, I ask the counter staff if there is a laundry in town (everything I have is damp and/or sweaty). This leads into a conversation with a woman sitting at a table with her friend. The woman is a social worker at the local hospital and we talk a bit about my trip. She wants me to come and do laundry at her house and even spend the night. She's done RAGBRAI a number of times, but not recently. I decline – I'm pretty shy, so it's a bit out of my comfort zone. The woman gives me her card and tells me to please call if I change my mind or if starts to rain again. She warns me about the one big hill in the state park that 'seems to go on forever' and then tells me that her daughter is coming home from out-of-state to ride RAGBRAI this year, and that seeing me has inspired her to get back on the bike and ride RAGBRAI, too. (Note: I kept her card and emailed her after my trip to thank her for her hospitality – she emailed back and said that yes, she had done the ride with her husband and daughter!).
I climb an uphill into the state park, but the following downhill cruise is stopped by water washing across the road at the bottom. There's a pretty swift current and the water is so muddy you can't really see the bottom in the middle. I go for it though, and it's pretty deep in one part, but there is still pavement under that bit of the road. I roll through fine except that my feet and the bottoms of my front panniers get soaked. A car comes up behind me, hesitates, then drives through – probably figuring if the cyclist got through that it can't be too deep.
I've got no momentum to get up the hill that 'goes on forever'. It's not that bad, but difficult to start from 0 mph. I already feel much stronger in my riding, though, and feel like I'm climbing the hills pretty well.
At the campground, the camphosts are extremely friendly and direct me to where they think it will be least soggy and where it might capture some of the sun that is just starting to come out. I tell them I'm just sooo ready to dry out and that all of my gear is damp and smelly. The wife offers to drive me into town to do laundry, though she warns that the laundromat is a bit grotty. I tell her it should be okay, I'll just spread some stuff out in the sun, and hopefully the tent will dry after I set it up. The couple are quite interesting, and have led an interesting life, and I enjoy our conversation. The woman even comes down to my site later and brings some rope and clothes pins to aid in my extensive solar clothes-drying operation. I ask if she knows anything about Lake Wapello State Park, and any flooding there, and she says she'll see if the ranger can find out the info if he comes by that evening.
The sun fully comes out shortly after this and it feels so good to soak up the sun after several days of cool, cloudy and rainy weather. I'd thought about taking a day here to do some hiking, but I'm going to push on in the morning because everything is just way too wet. When I return the clothesline that evening, the camphosts haven't seen the ranger, so don't know about the state of Lake Wapello. We have another nice chat and I thank them for their kindness. Today has been a day of real trail magic 🙂
Ave Speed: 9.9mph
Max Speed: 29.7


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The Minnesota Twins turn to Brian Duensing as they try to avoid a three-game sweep at the hands of the Oakland Athletics to open the second half.
Oakland took a 9-3 victory Saturday, as Twins starter Cole De Vries allowed seven earned runs to one of baseball's weakest offenses.
Duensing (1-5, 4.11 ERA) will be making just his fourth start of the 2012 season for Minnesota, though he has not pitched since taking an Alex Avila line drive off the ankle during a July 4 outing against Detroit.
Meanwhile, the A's will send rookie righty Jarrod Parker (5-4, 2.86 ERA) to the mound in search of his sixth win. Opponents are hitting just .216 off Parker, and he's sixth among American League rookie pitchers with 67 strikeouts.
Oakland has won eight of its last nine games, thanks mostly to a starting rotation with the best ERA (3.70) in Major League Baseball.
The Twins will need Brian Duensing to be sharp against a hot offense with a sparkling rookie pitcher opposing him.
First pitch is scheduled for 1:10 pm CT from Target Field.
For more on the Minnesota Twins, head over to Twinkie Town, and for more on the Oakland A's, head over to Athletics Nation. Check out SBNation's MLB page for all your news and analysis.


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Judge Santiago Pedraz from the Spanish National Court began hearing testimony on February 4 from victims of state violence during the civil conflict in Guatemala. The Guatemalan Genocide Case began in 1999 when a criminal complaint was filed in Spain by Rigoberta Menchú Tum and Guatemalan non-governmental organization against Guatemalan government officials charging them with terrorism, genocide and systematic torture.
Six former Guatemalan officials, including former presidents Efraín Ríos Montt and Oscar Humberto Mejía Victores, face charges of genocide in Spanish court. Despite the December 2007 decision of the Guatemalan Constitutional Court to deny Spain's request to extradite the defendants, the Spanish National Court has decided to proceed with the case.
Kate Doyle of the non-governmental research institute National Security Archive, based in Washington, D,C observed the trial's first week and filed this report on it.
Summary of Genocide Proceedings before the Spanish Federal Court
Participating lawyers: Almudena Bernabeau, CJA
Manuel Ollé, Asociación Pro-Derechos Humanos
Benito Morales and Ignacio Santiago, Fundación Menchu
Francisco Soto, Centro de Acción Legal por los Derechos Humanos
Naomi Roht-Arriaza, University of California, Hastings
Analyst: Kate Doyle, National Security Archive
Day One: February 4, 2008
The international human rights case charging eight Guatemalan former military and police officials with genocide, state terrorism, torture and other crimes began on Monday, February 4, in Madrid. Judge Santiago Pedraz presided in his chambers in the Audiencia Nacional (Spanish federal court) as lawyers for the complainants – Almudena Bernabeu of the Center for Accountability and Justice and Manuel Ollé from the Asociación Pro-Derechos Humanos – presented their first two witnesses. The witnesses, who gave their testimony under protection of anonymity, focused their testimony on the effects of the Guatemalan army's counterinsurgency offensives that targeted the Mayan communities in the north of the province of Quiché beginning in 1980.
The first witness lived for many years in Nebaj, in the Maya-dominated Ixíl triangle. In 1980, the Army began to raid villages systematically, kill those inhabitants suspected of subversion, and corral the remaining residents into controlled villages. As increasing numbers of the Ixíl abandoned their homes for the mountains, the Army sent helicopters to drop thousands of pamphlets over the area, warning that if the people were not living in the Army-controlled villages, "You are animals living in the mountain, and we will treat you like animals." The witness's house was occupied, and he was interrogated and tortured. He joined residents fleeing their villages; by 1981, he said, 90 percent of the people who had survived the Army's scorched earth operations were living in the mountains in hiding.
The Army used the offensives to eject the Ixíl people from their territory and occupy their land. The witness described how the military would sweep through an area and destroy anything in its path – killing the inhabitants who stayed behind, robbing their possessions, and burning their houses to the ground – in order to control the population while at the same time opening up vast tracts of land for development. The witness and his companions survived by organizing themselves into groups of resistance – what later became the Communities of Popular Resistance. They lived for 16 years in the mountains above their original territories, from 1980 until the peace accords were signed in 1996.
After the war ended, the witness recounted, he and some 400 Ixil Maya organized a project to study the causes behind their experience fleeing the Army operations. The witness ended his testimony by describing the findings of the study. He explained how the Army put into practice the military campaigns of the early 1980s, and the specific operations Ixil and Plan Sofia, which targeted the communities where he lived. In order to maximize the effect of the counterinsurgency sweeps, the military created "Task Forces," made up of troops drawn from military units all over the country and concentrating their power to destroy the Ixil communities and massacre their people.
The second witness told the judge that he was a survivor of the Ixil massacres. The witness was a child when the Army arrived in his town in 1978 and began a program of forced recruitment of the young men living in his and nearby communities. He recalled the appearance in 1980 of members of the CUC (Comité de la Unidad Campesino – Committee of Peasant Unity), their efforts to organize the people and their support for campesinos who no longer wanted to serve as migrant workers – maltreated and poorly paid – in the coffee and cotton plantations in the south. He remembered his first encounter with guerrillas from the EGP in 1981, and the Army massacres that followed.
In 1982, the violence ravaging his village and surrounding communities worsened. "That's when the Army arrived for good." They burnt the houses. They burnt the fields and the forests around them. Many people died. When people tried to flee into the mountains, the troops would pursue and kill them. The military told those remaining in the village that if they wanted to live peacefully they would have to carry an Army-issued ID. On March 9, 1982, the witness's father was disappeared by the military after he went to the local base to collect his ID. The witness never saw him again.
The witness and his mother and two older brothers decided to continue living in the village, though it was occupied by the military. The witness's most wrenching testimony described life inside the "strategic hamlet," living under strict rules about how much food was permitted, what clothes one could wear, and when one was allowed to leave one's house. It was a hard life, in which, he said, "You had to be silent, completely silent. You were not free."
The Army forced the witness's older brother to join the civil patrols, or PACs, as his mother and other brother continued to live in the village. The authorities used a local convent as a center for interrogation and torture. In mid-1982, the witness – then 10 years old – and his mother were tortured by the military inside the convent, his mother raped. They survived, but decided to flee into the mountains. There, life was harsh – thousands of Ixil had escaped to the sierra, without access to their homes, their clothes, their animals or food, surviving in the bitter cold. It was unbearable – so much so, that they finally returned to their village in 1983.
They lived under the brutal conditions of the Army occupation for years. Eventually, Domingo's mother began to organize, becoming a member of CONAVIGUA (Coordinadora Nacional de Viudas de Guatemala). By doing so, she became a military target again. In 1990, the witness and his middle brother left town to attend a course in human rights. While they were gone, the Army killed their mother.
The witness ended his emotional testimony with a plea for justice. He pointed out that he and his brother had done everything in their power to bring the case of their mother's assassination to the Guatemalan courts, without success. He said his experience mirrored the experience of all Ixil Maya who suffered the Army's scorched earth policies. "When you have lived with what we lived, it never leaves your head," he said. "You can never forget." He thanked the judge for permitting him to speak; "I feel free to say anything here," he told him, "which I have never been allowed to do in Guatemala."
Day Two: February 5, 2008
The Guatemalan genocide hearing before Judge Santiago Pedraz in Spain's Audiencia Nacional continued on Tuesday, February 5, with testimony from three more survivors of the Quiché massacres, as well as testimony from expert witness Allan Nairn, an independent U.S. journalist who wrote extensively about the Guatemalan Army's scorched earth policies in the 1980s.
The first witness described what happened to his aldea, near Nebaj, when the military began showing up in 1981. The first time they came, they kidnapped four leaders from his community. In 1982, they moved through the area accompanied by members of the civil patrols (PACs), burning houses and destroying crops. The witness's house was burned to the ground on May 15, 1982. He and his family moved to an area they felt was remote enough that they would be safe and built a second house, but the Army found them and burned that too in December. They fled the area altogether. Neighbors who did not leave were killed; the witness listed their names
The family went into hiding in the mountains. In January 1983, the witness joined the guerrilla, but left six months later when he realized his wife and children were starving without him. He was able to sow a small, hidden milpa with other families and planted corn, beans, vegetables and fruit trees, but the Army found it and cut it down. "We had no more food," remembered the witness. "We had to eat the leaves of trees in the forest, wild sweet potato and roots." The Army would pass over the areas where the communities camped and bomb them; people also died of hunger and cold. The witness told of a clandestine cemetery organized by the refugee communities so they could bury their dead. When the soldiers retired to their bases for the night, the people would creep down from the mountains and pick up the bodies so they could bury them secretly.
On April 26, 1984, the Army set fire to the woods where the people were hiding, and on the following day troops captured the witness's two sons, ages 12 and 9, and forced them to march with them carrying Army backpacks. He never saw them again. They also caught his mother-in-law, who was 65 years old, tortured her and burned her hands and feet, and left her corpse. The witness and other surviving refugees escaped. They spent years on the run from the Army, subject to constant attacks, bombing, and the destruction of the forest and fields. The witness remained in the mountains until 1992. "That is the story of what we lived."
The second witness to testify said that in 1979 and 1980 his community heard tell of a guerrilla army operating in the area of Ixcán in northern Quiché. One day in 1980, a group of people arrived in the market and said they were from the EGP. They spoke of a war that would last for 80 days and put up a banner in the marketplace, telling the people not to remove it. The Army arrived in the area shortly afterward. That is when the military occupation of Nebaj began, when the soldiers began controlling who came and who left the village. In March or April of that year, the Army ordered the community leaders to bring all the men 18 years and older to the nearby base to get their military IDs, but when they came many of them were captured and disappeared.
The witness described how the military swept through the valley, capturing and killing the residents. They ordered those who survived to live in controlled villages, and many people fled, including him. From July to September, the Army encircled the zone, below Chiantla, from Huehuetenago, up to the Finca La Perla – all of this area was surrounded. The communities survived in the mountains, but when the Army saw their smoke they would bomb them. When they came upon their crops, they would destroy them; when they found their animals they killed them. The witness's grandmother died of hunger in the mountains. "We all cried because what could we do? Even the dogs and the cats cried." He remained in hiding from February 1982 until 1995.
Allan Nairn was the third person to speak, appearing as an expert witness. Nairn visited Guatemala as a journalist in 1980-86, traveling to Nebaj, La Perla and other communities in the Ixil, among other places. He interviewed Presidents Ríos Montt, Mejía Víctores and Cerezo, Army officers, members of the PACs, military commissioners, and soldiers, as well as many Ixil Maya, massacre survivors, guerrillas, human rights workers, priests, catechists, political leaders, businessmen, and many others. Nairn told the judge that the Guatemalan armed forces had a program to eliminate all opposition and dissent, directed particularly against the Mayan peoples because of their history of resistance. The methods used included torture, state terrorism and genocide, and the program was executed through a strict chain of command. Much of Nairn's testimony echoed the stories told by the protected witnesses to Judge Pedraz.
Nairn gave examples of what he learned through his reporting about the Army's methods. He quoted soldiers who told him how they tortured people to make them talk: with a rope used as a garrote, by suffocation, near drowning, slicing with knives, burning with lit cigarettes, beating, electroshock and mutilation. One soldier standing over recently killed bodies demonstrated how he would press a wooden club against the victim's throat until he was on the edge of death as a means of persuading him to talk.
Nairn described state terrorism as the government's policy of killing civilians for political purposes. One Army corporal told him how the people would react when troops arrived in their village: "They run out of their houses into the mountains." Nairn: "And what do you do?" Corporal: "We capture some of them alive but others we can't catch. When they run for the mountains we have to kill them." Nairn: "Why?" Corporal: "Because they could be guerrillas."
Nairn talked about the Guatemalan state's effort to "annihilate" the Maya. Ríos Montt and his advisers openly suggested in interviews with Nairn that all Mayan people were potential subversives and therefore targets of the Army. Soldiers and massacre survivors alike told Nairn that the Army was ordered to kill Mayan children, before they grew up to become subversives. The children were called "delincuentes subversivos" by the military. In addition to attacking Mayan communities, soldiers told him of killing their animals, burning their crops, and destroying their homes and possessions.
Finally, Nairn cited interviews with military officers confirming the Guatemalan Army's strict adherence to the chain of command. Officers in the Ixíl triangle, for example, told him that there were only three layers of command between themselves and Ríos Montt (during 1982 and 1983): the colonel, the army chief of staff and the Minister of Defense. They reported frequently to the colonels by radio-telephone during actions – receiving orders and approval in advance of attacks – and kept a daily log of operations which was later reviewed and critiqued by their superiors. Nairn extended that chain of command up to military officers, intelligence personnel and civilian politicians of the United States, who – he told Judge Pedraz – also played a role in aiding and abetting torture, state terrorism and genocide in Guatemala.
The last witness of the day was a former member of the civil patrols in the Ixcán in northern Quiché. He testified as to how the scorched earth operations of the Guatemalan Army arrived in his community in May 1982, when he was 18 years old. Although some residents of his village decided to flee, his family and many others chose to stay in what became a military-controlled village. As a result, he and his brothers were forced to join the PAC. In 1983, the witness was taken as part of his group of civil patrollers to the military zone in Sta. Cruz de la Quiché to form part of a task force with other units. His company, headed by Captain Herlindo Velásquez Maldonado, received four months of special training. "They would tell us, you have to be trained to kill your own family; they said that everyone living in the Quiché was a guerrilla and so we had to kill all of them."
The witness spoke about the military "task forces" that were created to sweep through the highlands: Iximché, Gumarcaj and Tigre. He participated in numerous operations with the task forces. He said the soldiers always operated through the chain of command: from military staff to senior officers, to junior officers, to troops, "the hierarchy was always followed."
Day 3: February 6, 2008
Day three of the Guatemalan genocide case took place in the chambers of Judge Santiago Pedraz with three more witnesses from the Quiché and the first woman witness, who testified about the Army's attacks on Rabinal, Alta Verapaz. Almudena Bernabeu, attorney for the complainants with the Center for Justice and Accountability attorney, questioned the witnesses.
The first man to speak was from Chajul, where the Army began harassing and killing the people. In 1981 there were massacres near where he lived, and the communities began to establish look-outs to watch for the soldiers. At the beginning of 1982, the witness was watching and saw sol
diers hurrying up the path toward his village. He ran to the aldea and began banging on people's doors, telling them to run. People tried to flee. The soldiers arrived and chased some and killed them, they burned others in their houses. The witness recalled: "The soldiers surrounded the village. They were all over the village. The grabbed one señor who was a catequista [catechism instructor], also the alcalde canciller and another 8 people. Altogether 18 people died that day. The pain! All the people felt so frightened. The soldiers completely destroyed this village. The pigs, the chicken, the dogs, the animals, the trees with fruit – they killed all of them and cut down the plants and trees. There was nothing left. We were left with nothing, nothing, nothing."
The witness fled with other families and went to the mountain, where they lived for more than a year. But more and more troops were moving into the Ixíl. In 1983, the Army built five new bases encircling the area. One day, when he and other refugees were trying to find food in the abandoned aldeas, the Army captured him. They took him to Nebaj in a helicopter to be interrogated. The commander of Nebaj questioned the witness and told him, "You people all deserve to die." The witness was tortured in Nebaj, then he was taken to Sta. Cruz del Quiché and tortured by men in civilian clothes carrying revolvers; he believes they were members of the G-2 (intelligence).
He was a prisoner of the military for many months, then he was forced to work on a finca [ranch] for years. He was freed in 1984 with the amnesty. As the witness finished his story, he said to Judge Pedraz, "Sir, I want to say one thing about our arrival in Spain. We're not here for the buildings and the beautiful streets. We came to appear in your good offices, bringing our testimony – we want the capture of these perpetrators; and not only in the department of Quiché, but in the other parts of the country."
The second witness also spoke about the arrival of the military in his village in the Ixíl and the massacre of his family and neighbors. The Army came into his area in waves during 1982 and 1983 from Huehuetenango to Nebaj. His family died in August 1982 and he fled to the mountains, where he joined the Communities in Popular Resistance (CPR) and lived for a year and a half. He was captured by the military in 1984, but survived.
The third witness was 11 when the Army massacred his village. For months previously, soldiers had come to nearby aldeas and questioned people, capturing some, killing others. In 1982 they came to his village several times to rape and rob the people. One day the witness, who was learning how to farm the milpa, was walking home with his father when they passed a small community that seemed abandoned. It was silent. "My father said, Look, something happened here. We kept going, when we got to edge of our community, we saw a sombrero thrown in the path. My papa said, don't touch it, but we were children so we picked it up to put it on – but then we saw it was bloody inside and dropped it." They learned that the army had come over the hill while they were at the milpa. They killed seven people and burned two houses down.
In March the Army came to finish off the community. They gathered the people in the plaza and said, "Today we are going to kill all the guerrillas here." The lieutenant who commanded the troops spoke on his radio to his chief. He forced all of the men and children into the church; the women were put in the judicial building. The men were called out and some were shot and killed, including his father; others were saved. Eighty men died. The witness and his brothers were among the children forced to help bury the bodies. The soldiers gave the people 15 minutes to gather their belongings and then they burnt his house and all the houses. All the houses built with reeds and leaves [as the Maya there built them] were burnt. If the house was not built of leaves, they left them alone.
The witness was taken with other children to the property belonging to the finca "La Perla." He was forced to work without salary for many months. There were hundreds of other children there and many of them died of hunger and cold and untreated illness. "We were slaves of the army." He went from there to an Army base and worked there also – cutting wood for the military and patrolling with the PAC.
The lawyer Bernabeu questioned the witness: what is La Perla? It was the name of the finca – the colonos [tenant laborers] lived there and worked the property – the patrono [owner] lived in the capital, not there. The "annex" of the finca La Perla was called finca Sta. Delfina, where the witness was sent and worked for one year. The owner's name was Enrique Arena. He would often come with the soldiers, so he knew very well what was happening on his property. The witness said that all the finqueros [ranch owners] were paying money to the army to protect their property. And they wanted the campesinos off the land.
The final witness was from Rabinal. She began her testimony by recounting the crimes by committed by the Army against her and her people: she was raped by soldiers in Rabinal, her husband was forcibly disappeared, her mother was burned alive inside her house, her aunt and sister-in-law were raped, and the survivors fled the massacre in her village, where 32 people died.
The witness gave the judge the details of these crimes. She was taken to an Army base and kept there bound with rope and naked for 15 days, repeatedly raped by soldiers. Her uncle finally came to the base and rescued her, took her out of there. "I wanted to die." She went to work in a woman's house.
"Now we will never recover our land, we live in poverty. I was with my husband for 12 years and I loved him very much. I feel this sadness."
Day Four: February 7, 2008
Four witnesses spoke during the fourth day of the Guatemalan genocide hearing, held in the Audiencia Nacional (federal court) in Madrid, Spain. The first two, both women and protected witnesses, talked about what happened to them and their families when the Army attacked their aldeas in Rabinal, Alta Verapaz. The third and fourth witnesses were men who have testified publicly about their experiences before: Juan Manuel Jerónimo, who lost 18 family members including his wife and four children in the Plan de Sánchez massacre of July 18, 1982, and Jesús Tecu Osorio, who survived the Río Negro massacre of March 13, 1982.
All of the witnesses coincided in their descriptions of the use of rape by the Guatemalan soldiers and members of the civil patrol to abuse and humiliate the Mayan women of Rabinal. The first witness said that when the Army began showing up in her village, they camped out in front of her neighbor's house for three days, and raped her in front of her children.
In 1982, the witness was at home on a Sunday, market day, while most of the aldea and surrounding communities were in the market doing their shopping. That morning she heard the sound of two bombs over Rabinal, and grew anxious. In the afternoon an enormous volley of gunfire broke out. The troops were in the plaza, where the people were shopping. The witness was able to watch what was happening from behind some small trees in front of her house. "I saw the soldiers enter the house of my neighbor, María Modesta, who lived with her children. They were shooting them." She took her baby and ran into the mountains with her sister-in-law, where they spent a miserable night under a tree in the cold and rain. They could hear the women and children screaming below. Later there was a huge plume of smoke from the village and a strong smell.
The witness returned to the aldea the next morning. "There were people outside their houses, crying. When we arrived in the center, I saw a huge pile of ashes and cinders, a pile of bodies, half of them still burning. …The square was full of blood, I saw bullet shells scattered everywhere. We went back to my house again to get containers of water to try and put of the fire. We tried but could not put it out. It continued to burn and the smell of the poor people burning was like burned chicken feathers." The witness left the plaza and on the path encountered survivors, walking slowly, their clothes torn. She saw her neighbor and asked her what had happened? "She just looked at me and did not speak, because they had cut off her lips. This poor woman had been raped. She had no skirt, so I put a skirt on her and offered her water. She was like a child." They came upon corpses in the path, some half-eaten by dogs, and many other bodies lying face down next to the path.
The witness hid in the mountains for one year. After her return, she survived another series of Army attacks on her village, until she left Rabinal for the southern coast. She appealed to Judge Pedraz for support as she ended her testimony, saying she and her community wanted their rights as Maya Achí so that what happened to them would never happen again. "Thank you for listening. We have kept this story in darkness – it is time to bring it to light."
The second witness described the same massacre for the judge, but from a different vantage point. That Sunday morning, the witness was returning home from the market with her sister, when a group of about 30 soldiers caught up with them and surrounded them. The soldiers stopped others coming down the path and took everyone back to the plaza, where there was an enormous group of people gathered in front of the church. There was a helicopter overhead, and the soldiers spoke on their radios; one of them said, "We've arrived, don't worry." Three soldiers left to take the rest of the aldea's people out of their houses and bring them to the plaza. Once everyone was gathered, the troops grabbed the babies from their mothers and threw them to the ground. They forced as many people as they could into one house and the remaining people (about 35) into another house, among them the witness. "They threw bombs in that other house, there were terrible sounds, screams, people begging pardon, children crying. God help us! I was praying. Don't let them kill us! We could smell the poor people burning. My grandmother died there, my sisters and brothers. All my neighbors died."
The witness and the others heard the soldiers meeting outside their house; one said, "Everything's perfect. We're carrying out the orders of the commander in Cobán. There are only a few left and we are going to kill them." The witness saved herself by hiding under a pile of corn stalks in the corner of the room. The soldiers took the rest out and killed them with knives, and she was able to escape from the plaza by running down into a ravine. From there she walked many miles to the house of her parents-in-law.
Juan Manual Jerónimo, survivor of the Plan de Sánchez massacre, was the third witness of the day. On July 18, 1982, he and his family were with his mother when someone came running to the house to warn them that the Army was coming. His mother urged him and his brother-in-law to flee and not to worry about the women or the children: "You are the ones they are looking for, not us!" They left the aldea but hid nearby and heard much of what happened as the soldiers attacked. When they returned the next day, Jerónimo found his family's bodies in the home of one of his brothers. They were all there: his wife, four children, siblings, aunts and uncles, cousins, and mother. They were 18 of the 184 people who died in the massacre.
Jerónimo and his brother-in-law buried the bodies of their relatives and fled. He told Judge Pedraz, "We couldn't rest anywhere for thinking about our dead. When I thought of my house, I imagined my family there. It caused me tremendous pain. The soldiers killed them. They took our animals. They cooked our chickens right there and ate them, without shame, as though they were the owners of our things. When they had stolen everything they wanted, they burned our houses, including our clothes and our land documents." The witness remained in the mountains for the next three years, "but we never went far. We didn't want to leave our dear ones who died in our village."
When the witness had finished, one of the assistant lawyers asked him if in the years leading up to the massacre and after he returned in the amnesty of 1984, the military had placed any prohibitions on the Mayan way of life. Jerónimo said yes. "They prohibited everything connected to our culture. They didn't allow us to wear our traje (traditional clothing), they prevented our religious customs. We weren't allowed to gather, make sacrifices and pray. Our mother language was Achí, but they no longer permitted us to talk in this dialect."
The final witness to testify before Judge Pedraz was Jesús Tecu Osorio. Tecu was a child when the military began attacking the communities of Rabinal with increasing intensity during 1981 and into 1982. By the end of 1981, many people had moved into his village of Río Negro because of massacres in the zone. They came seeking refuge. The Army and the civil patrol (PAC) of nearby Xococ ordered the people to organize a PAC in Río Negro, and told them it was obligatory to capture and kill local men suspected of subversion – but the Rio Negro PAC never did that, Tecu said, unlike PACs in other areas. This angered the military.
In February 1982, Tecu's parents were disappeared when they reported to the nearby base as ordered to obtain his father's military ID card (cédula). One month later, on March 13, 1982, the Army and Xococ patrollers arrived in Río Negro. Tecu recounted how they removed the women and children from their houses and forced them to climb for several hours up the hill beyond the aldea. The men were kept in the village and killed. Tecu, who was 10 years old, went with the women and carried his 2-year-old brother during the climb.
The troops hit the children during the climb, abusing them, saying that their parents were with the guerrillas. When they came to a stop, the men raped the women there. "The people of Río Negro were completely surrounded by the soldiers and patrollers," remembered Tecu. The troops began to kill the women. They shot some of them and strangled others and threw the bodies in the ravine. Tecu tried to withdraw with his baby brother to run away, but there were too many soldiers. By that afternoon, they finished the killing. Seventeen children remained alive. One civil patroller from Xococ, Pedro González Gómez, told Tecu that he was going to Xococ because Gónzalez didn't have children and he wanted to give Tecu to his wife. He refused to take Tecu's brother, however, and so took the child from Tecu's arms and smashed him against some rocks. When he was dead he threw him down in the ravine with the rest of the corpses.
Tecu survived as a prisoner of González Gómez – first with the Xococ patrol, and later in his home. He was freed in 1983. Under questioning after he completed his testimony, he told the judge that Pedro González Gómez was convicted to the death penalty for his crimes in 1999. But Tecu pointed out that the December 2007 decision of Guatemala's Constitutional Court not to extradite senior military and police officers for the same crimes shows that "the government is willing to condemn an indigenous to the death penalty, but no one dares do that to the intellectual authors of the genocide. For that reason, we came to Spain."
Day Five: February 8, 2008
The fifth and last day of the Guatemala genocide hearing took place on Friday, February 8, in the chambers of Judge Santiago Pedraz of the Audiencia Nacional in Madrid. Testimonies were heard in the morning from three protected witnesses.
The first witness described his experiences leading up to and following the Río Negro massacre of March 13, 1982. He was a young farmer growing corn, beans, tomatoes and jocote fruit for market, when violence first began to destroy the life of his community during the regime of Gen. Romeo Lucas García. Lucas formed the civil patrols, and the patrollers entered the aldeas with soldiers and harassed the residents, accused them of being guerrillas, captured and killed them. The witness and other men in his family began hiding out in the mountains for days at a time to avoid the patrols. "We couldn't work peacefully anymore. We would go to plant the seeds, but we couldn't sow peacefully. We would take in the harvest but we couldn't eat it peacefully."
On March 13, 1982, the army and the Xococ PAC came to take away the women and children of Río Negro. The witness was not in the village that day but was in the mountains nearby. He learned afterwards that when the army and patrollers arrived, they went into the houses and asked the women, where are your men? They asked the children too, and when the children answered in Achí they would get mad. They pretended not to understand Achí so that they could hide the fact that they came from the same places as these people and were indigenous too. The soldiers and patrollers grabbed the women and children and killed many of them; 107 children died that day.
The witness stayed in the mountains for many months, trying to survive on the food gathered in the forest and reaped from hidden milpas. In 1983 an airplane flew overhead and dropped pamphlets over them saying the violence was over and there was an amnesty. The witness and his companions decided to present themselves at the nearby destacamento [base]. But he was not freed; he was arrested and tied up and held on the base for three days. He was taken to the Cobán military base and imprisoned in a cell where they kept prisoners they planned to kill. Every three days they took him out to be tortured and interrogated. After 15 days, the witness was removed and sent into the mountains with soldiers. He was forced to carry food and radio equipment, and later medicine. The soldiers would enter villages and pretend to give the residents medical aid. They said the witness was a nurse, though he was not. "It was only a trick to get the people to talk." While they were attending to the people they would ask them the whereabouts of certain suspects. He passed four months that way. Eventually, he was freed and given papers saying he had collaborated with Army.
The second witness was also from Río Negro, Rabinal, Baja Verapaz. He talked about the massacres carried out in and around the aldea of Río Negro – five massacres in all. He talked about the government's construction project to build a hydro-electric dam in the area [the Chixoy Dam]. The first massacre took place on March 4, 1980, when soldiers and members of the Policia Militar Ambulante (a military police force) serving as security guards for the dam killed seven campesinos who refused to leave their land; the land was fertile but it had been expropriated for the project.
The violence mounted during 1981 and 1982. On February 13, 1982, a massacre near Xococ left 73 dead. On the morning of March 13, the witness was returning home from sleeping in the mountains for safety, when his wife screamed to him from inside their house, "Go back! The soldiers are coming!" He dropped the wood he was carrying and ran, but stayed close enough to see the women and children being corralled together. He heard the women and child crying as they were being marched up the hill. The next morning he and other men came to Pacoxom, the hill where the massacre had taken place. They saw clubs, machetes, bullet shells scattered on the ground. The bodies were piled there. Everyone in the witness's family was killed: his pregnant wife and two small children, his sister, his mother-in-law and her daughter.
The witness fled to the mountains with other survivors from the zone. They organized themselves into little groups so they couldn't all be killed at once. People who did not remain in the mountains were captured and pressed into service on the Cobán military base or imprisoned there. The witness remained in hiding until 1986.
Under questioning, the witness said that Captain José Antonio Solares was the officer who oversaw operations in the zone. Although the government knows this and there is an arrest warrant out for him, they have failed to capture him. Solares continues to receive his military pension and lives with impunity.
The last protected witness was an eyewitness and survivor of a massacre that took place in another part of Rabinal, Baja Verapaz, on July 29, 1982. He was tending to his animals on the hillside by his home when he heard shots and saw soldiers and patrollers enter his house. They came out with his wife and four children. His family members were corralled with others in a goat pen belonging to another house in the aldea. He watched as they were tied up and tortured, their faces and bodies cut, and then killed. The bodies were thrown down a well near the house; there were 27 in all. When the group of men left, the witness was able to count them: there were 10 soldiers and 15 patrollers. He named all those he recognized for Judge Pedraz.


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tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post5742218803606830983..comments2023-08-14T02:38:25.961-07:00Comments on Arrow Law Group: Freedom of Speech and Freedom of SilenceMinh Tranhttp://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-79633816928422528432010-12-24T21:54:14.258-08:002010-12-24T21:54:14.258-08:00Hmmm interesting blog... Luckily I have no reason ...Hmmm interesting blog... Luckily I have no reason to be "defamed" I ain't famous! lol how ignorant of me.Ariellehttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-43456126967809043262010-12-21T17:49:58.446-08:002010-12-21T17:49:58.446-08:00You are a very clear writer. You get right to the...You are a very clear writer. You get right to the point and make it very understandable for everyone. The postings are very informative and give everyone a basic understand so they know if they need to seek further help! BravoShopAtSpicyweddinghttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-4976412935472275632010-12-21T13:05:04.198-08:002010-12-21T13:05:04.198-08:00It makes me happy that you break these terms down ...It makes me happy that you break these terms down to make sense to a non lawyer... ya know? So is it true like they say in TV shows... if like a person creates a website on how to teach someone to rape someone... is that legal?shannnybannnyhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-5184587606739298512010-12-19T23:58:46.664-08:002010-12-19T23:58:46.664-08:00Very interesting...I learened a lot I didn't k...Very interesting...I learened a lot I didn't know before like CLUB. All I knew before was stuff pertaining to slander. Although I do think that with certain media sites like youtube and blogs, it's best to just delete the comment and move on. Unless the person is threatening you. But I think that by posting videos or blogs, you are opening yourself up to criticism/haters.Jesshttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-5563028447647971682010-12-18T16:22:15.764-08:002010-12-18T16:22:15.764-08:00Thanks for this post! Very informative! I have a f...Thanks for this post! Very informative! I have a few haters on my youtube account, but they don't bother me...lolElizabeth Kinghttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-55528248417841835012010-12-11T10:48:33.974-08:002010-12-11T10:48:33.974-08:00It is disastrous when someone invents things about...It is disastrous when someone invents things about you and is counting on there. Once I rebaron email account and sent emails to my friends rare. It was embarrassingsolehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-68037984577546823572010-11-15T23:46:57.263-08:002010-11-15T23:46:57.263-08:00Hi Minh! Thanks for sharing this post! I'll d...Hi Minh!

Thanks for sharing this post! I'll definitely pass this onto my friend who is a victim of online bullying. Have you heard of "thedirty.com"? Someone posted untrue things of her on there and now rumors are spreading about her like wild fire =/ The mnemonic "CLUB" factors makes it easy to memorize the meaning behind it.

Sincerely,

Doreen
from Vancouver, CanadaUnknownhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-90290548749980329632010-11-02T20:45:46.228-07:002010-11-02T20:45:46.228-07:00I remember having to take some law classes in coll...I remember having to take some law classes in college. It was pretty interesting, but confusing at the same time.Quynhhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-25830300690543063062010-11-01T23:17:19.876-07:002010-11-01T23:17:19.876-07:00definitely an interesting read. waaay too much hat...definitely an interesting read. waaay too much hateration (haha oh, mary j blige) going on these days. kind of sucks knowing that you can't REALLY do anything about it, but good to know the facts behind it nontheless.izumihttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-53834114669139489012010-10-31T23:56:03.735-07:002010-10-31T23:56:03.735-07:00hello ima new blogger here and got introduced by u...hello
ima new blogger here and got introduced by ur gf lol....after reading your post...you seem quite intelligent in knowing the law...i would like to ask you a few advice but i would really like to keep it more private...is that possible?jOannhttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-1673624757464015352010-10-31T22:40:18.305-07:002010-10-31T22:40:18.305-07:00Thank you for the information! =) I do enjoy your ...Thank you for the information! =) I do enjoy your writing style, easier for me to read handfuls of info on a blog rather than paragraphs in a textbook.RavenAshleyhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-43660751461840306492010-10-31T20:52:06.922-07:002010-10-31T20:52:06.922-07:00whoa...so many comments...nice...whoa...so many comments...nice...Unknownhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-73964090703662120322010-10-31T20:51:16.758-07:002010-10-31T20:51:16.758-07:00This comment has been removed by the author.Unknownhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-41701065599741596752010-10-31T10:59:58.935-07:002010-10-31T10:59:58.935-07:00I learn new things every day from reading your blo...I learn new things every day from reading your blog. I'd just ignore the haters or block them from your site.Anonymoushttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-87205868232827405942010-10-31T03:41:29.936-07:002010-10-31T03:41:29.936-07:00This is a great post. I must use this useful infor...This is a great post. I must use this useful information when it comes to people lying at my face when they clearly wanted confrontation and go vice versa on me.JenDavehttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-58667305743038126022010-10-31T00:38:47.163-07:002010-10-31T00:38:47.163-07:00@Debberly Baby <3 I'm very excited to hear ...@Debberly Baby <3 I'm very excited to hear that I can help you study. Feel free to ask any question you want. I'm happy to help.

@Old Cow Can you direct me to something to read?

@Puppet I'd be really upset if I were you. I'm not sure if there's anything you can do

@Everyone Thanks for visiting my blog!Minh Tranhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-33976160090310741192010-10-30T22:14:28.709-07:002010-10-30T22:14:28.709-07:00A very informative post, will keep it in mind and ...A very informative post, will keep it in mind and perhaps to good use later on.

I did have a situation earlier this year and was wondering what could be done. But of course with internet it's kind of hard to pin point who said what since people could very well just give fake information.Roxanne Arriolahttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-65338010064203968852010-10-30T22:07:39.996-07:002010-10-30T22:07:39.996-07:00Okay here is a question. I was accused of cheating...Okay here is a question.
I was accused of cheating on a ballot for president in school. I won the vote but they kicked me out because they said I cheated. I got kicked out of the club but later proven innocent. I was not allowed in office still.
Doesn't seen fair and I don't know what else to do.
:/AniRainbowhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-62089072487831635212010-10-30T21:59:54.506-07:002010-10-30T21:59:54.506-07:00I'm actually studying this in school right now...I'm actually studying this in school right now haha! So it's really cool to read your post on it. The part about the CLUB factor was very interesting, I'll definitely remember that (and the fact that it's in acronym form makes it much easier for me to remember!)Makeup Morselshttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-50034415631837282592010-10-30T19:42:12.881-07:002010-10-30T19:42:12.881-07:00hhrrmmmm..... lawyers are REALLY REALLY smart. but...hhrrmmmm..... lawyers are REALLY REALLY smart. but this is so cool that you can just tell people about laws and amendmentss and just know this stuff. I feel like my head would explode. :)Laceyhttps://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-34551092531733578362010-10-30T13:33:59.166-07:002010-10-30T13:33:59.166-07:00first time to visit your blog and I've already...first time to visit your blog and I've already learned quite a bit. =) my best friend plans on becomin a lawyer too so knowing more of things related to law brings me closer to her. thanks a lot Minh!

yeah i often see a lot of people saying a lot of mean things but those mean comments should never be taken to heart. everyone has the right to say whatever they want but if you ignore them, they know that you're not affected so eventually they'll give up.

-SharBEARSharBEAR =)https://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-51385936979481509672010-10-30T13:21:53.612-07:002010-10-30T13:21:53.612-07:00Haha, I love the CLUB abbreviation! But yeah, pe...Haha, I love the CLUB abbreviation!

But yeah, people write mean things over the internet cause they won't ever say it in real life to your face. Just ignore them... =/Mindy J. L.https://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-40565221934993645722010-10-30T12:07:24.829-07:002010-10-30T12:07:24.829-07:00So, by now, you've probably come to expect ano...So, by now, you've probably come to expect another comment from me telling you that my legal studies class is a killer. but I ACTUALLY KNEW WHAT YOU WERE TALKING ABOUT IN THIS POST!!

...I remember because I messed up the question on a quiz and forgot that it can only be slander per se if what the person was saying wasn't the truth.Debberly Baby <3https://firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-38698495496866952652010-10-30T11:51:37.225-07:002010-10-30T11:51:37.225-07:00Very interesting read! I think that especially in ...Very interesting read! I think that especially in regards to the internet, freedom of speech pretty much has free reign. The anonymous nature of the internet really makes it hard to file a lawsuit against someone in certain situations.Anonymoushttps://email@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-6866292693155834725.post-11315127038811851132010-10-30T08:36:43.741-07:002010-10-30T08:36:43.741-07:00Wow you must get so many requests from family/frie...Wow you must get so many requests from family/friends asking you legal stuff all the time. "Is this legal??!!" Maybe you should really carry a law wand around with you everywhere. :) Great post! Very informative!! I love the ending "willing to go to war for"griseldahttps://firstname.lastname@example.com


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Agent-based and DSGE macroeconomic models: A comparative study
Paul Levine, Nigel Gilbert, Tom Holden, Ozge Dilaver
While the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) approach to macroeconomics is widely used in the economic professions, some dissenting voices have noted fundamental flaws in the method – even suggesting that we should reject mainstream macro models and instead adopting an 'agent-based' modelling approach.
This is a collaboration between the Centre for Research in Social Simulation and the Economics department here at Surrey. The investigators have secured £600k of funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) to investigate the merits of this agent-based approach. The research will apply agent-based methods to macro-economic modelling and will investigate the applicability of newly developed methods from computational biology and techniques of optimal heuristics
Funding: ESRC
Duration: September 2013 to August 2016