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Gordon Arnold demonstrates where he allegedly was standing as the assassination began
Was Gordon Arnold really in Dealey Plaza? Does any evidence confirm his presence there? Did events occur as he described them? Was he consistent in his recollections?
To attempt to answer these questions, let's walk through the events described by Gordon Arnold more or less chronologically.
It was while walking along the rear of the fence just a few minutes before the assassination that Arnold claimed to have encountered the agent in plainclothes. In The Men Who Killed Kennedy, Arnold specified that he encountered the agent just as he was climbing over the steam pipe at the edge of the lot, momentarily straddling it. Researcher Paul Burke observes that this is the same pipeline Officer Seymour Weitzman testified he burned his hands on just a few minutes after the shooting. Burke has a point; if Weitzman's testimony is accurate, Arnold should have received some memorable burns in a most sensitive area of his anatomy.
How did the agent identify himself, according to Arnold? In The Men Who Killed Kennedy, the man is alleged to have stated, "I'm with the CIA." But in all previous accounts, the man is identified as a Secret Service agent. In The Men Who Killed Kennedy, the man is said to have "pulled out an identification card." But Arnold told Earl Golz and Henry Hurt it had been a badge.
Why did Arnold obey the agent's wishes? In the earlier accounts, the agent identifies himself as a Secret Service agent, someone whose job it would be to protect the President of the United States. It only "seemed logical to Arnold," Hurt tells us, that such an individual might want to restrict access to certain sites overlooking the parade route. The Golz and Hurt narratives neither state nor imply that Arnold felt in any way threatened or intimidated by the agent, despite Arnold's claim (in 1982) that the man was "wearing a side arm" — a detail present in the Hurt account but no other.
In The Men Who Killed Kennedy, however, it's not Secret Service "logic" but rather CIA force that persuades Arnold. Once the man identified himself as a CIA employee, Arnold says, his reaction was: "Well, that's enough muscle. I'll leave."
There were, it must be noted, two Dallas police officers assigned to keep outsiders off the railroad overpass, but no federal agents of any kind.
In his 1985 interview with Jim Marrs and 1988 interview for The Men Who Killed Kennedy (but not the 1978 Golz and 1982 Hurt accounts), Arnold described two separate confrontations with the plainclothes agent, the first right off the railroad bridge, and the second occurring when the agent followed him through the parking lot and insisted he leave the area behind the stockade fence completely.
Interestingly, only a short time before Arnold's alleged incident, Associated Press photographer James Altgens had walked through the same parking lot in search of a vantage point from which to photograph the motorcade. No one approached him or asked him to leave the area.
Arnold said he then walked around the fence and "stood on a mound of fresh dirt" in order to film the motorcade. There was no mound of dirt there, however; rather, there was a park bench, and there were two people sitting on that bench eating their lunches. By the time Arnold came forward with his story, the bench was no longer there, which may explain its absence from his account.
The "mound of fresh dirt" is important, though, because if Arnold had ever stood on the grassy knoll (whether in 1963 or later), he should have been aware that it would have afforded a terrible view for filming the motorcade. While Arnold claimed to have been filming prior to the time the shots were fired, his view of the President would have been largely obscured by road signs, the many spectators lining Elm Street, and, for a brief time, the concrete wall a short distance in front of him. Only once JFK had traveled halfway down Elm Street — to the approximate position of the limousine at the time of the fatal head shot, in fact — would Arnold have had a clear view of him.
Abraham Zapruder, the garment manufacturer who would take what is widely considered the most important film of the assassination, initially intended to film from the knoll, but was unable to find an unobstructed view of the street there. The best vantage point Zapruder could find was a four-foot-high concrete pedestal some twenty feet or so east of Arnold's alleged position, and even this view was completely blocked at one point by one of the larger street signs in the area.
Arnold at least partially acknowledged these problems during a 1982 interview with Gary Mack. According to Mack, Arnold said he had initially planned "to brace himself by the tree but wound up walking some short distance away as the president neared. He described to me how he watched the traffic and planned out how he would film JFK. He said the [Stemmons Freeway] sign would have blocked his view briefly, so he planned to start filming as soon as Kennedy appeared after the sign."
But this makes no sense; the first shot that struck President Kennedy was fired no later than the instant Kennedy came into Abraham Zapruder's comparable view, and some believe it was fired even sooner. If what he told Gary Mack was true, Arnold would have had no time at all to film before the shooting began.
Arnold initially claimed to have had film of the motorcade confiscated by two police officers, one of whom was crying and waving a shotgun. It should be borne in mind that, by his own account, at no point during this alleged confrontation did it occur to him that the police officers might have had anything to do with the shots that had been fired. It seems strange, then, that Arnold, who had shown such willingness to challenge the authority of the alleged agent "wearing a side arm" behind the stockade fence ("You and who else is going to keep me off the bridge?"), should fail to ask these alleged policemen, "Why are you harassing me? The shots came from right there behind the fence!" (It is worth pointing out, as well, that Abraham Zapruder filmed the entire assassination from just a few yards east of Arnold's alleged location, yet no one tried to seize his film.)
There is something else that Arnold didn't think to ask the policemen, or apparently anyone else, for that matter. Recall that Arnold stated specifically that he "automatically hit the ground" just as the shots began. "I buried my head in the ground and heard several other shots," he said, "but I couldn't see anything because I had my face in the dirt."
Following his encounter with the two officers, Arnold told Henry Hurt, he "went straight home;" according to Jim Marrs, "Arnold ran straight back to his car and drove out of the parking lot unchallenged." He identified himself to no police officers or other authorities, and never mentioned having spoken to any bystanders in Dealey Plaza.
As upsetting as his alleged encounter may have been, it seems striking that, judging from his own account, he did not bother to ask a single person at the scene: "What happened? Has the President been shot?" Wasn't he even the slightest bit concerned or curious about what had happened?
When did he learn that JFK had been murdered? How did he feel when he heard the news that afternoon that the shots were believed to have been fired by one man, and not from the knoll, but from the Book Depository? How did he feel ten months later when a blue-ribbon presidential commission reached the same conclusion? Was he not the slightest bit inclined to come forward and "set the record straight?" All accounts of his story are silent about these issues.
If Arnold's story is true, a question arises as to who removed the film from his camera. In The Men Who Killed Kennedy, Arnold states that he turned his film over to a man wearing a police uniform, but not, he specifies, the camera itself: "I think I'd have gave him almost anything except the camera," he said, "because that was my mother's." (Emphasis added.) Likewise, Arnold told Earl Golz in 1978 that he himself "took his film from the canister" and threw it to the policeman.
But in his 1985 account to Jim Marrs, Arnold says that the police officer "told me to give him my film, so I tossed him my camera. I said you can have everything, just point that gun somewhere else. He opened it, pulled out the film, and then threw the camera back to me." (Emphasis added.)
Of course, if Arnold truly felt "threatened" by these policemen ("It wasn't worth three dollars and something to be shot. All I wanted them to do was to take that blooming picture [film] and get out of there, just let me go."), it's curious that he would be so worried about his mother's camera.
This brings us to another striking aspect of Arnold's account in The Men Who Killed Kennedy. The Golz, Hurt, and Marrs accounts are in complete agreement that Arnold encountered two separate policemen: one who kicked Arnold and demanded that he get up but did not brandish a weapon, and another who was crying and waving around a long gun (specified as a shotgun in the Golz account).
For example, Arnold told Earl Golz in 1978:
"The next thing I knew someone was kicking my butt and telling me to get up." Arnold said, "it was a policeman. And I told him to go jump in the river. And then this other guy — a policeman — comes up with a shotgun and he was crying and that thing was waving back and forth. I said you can have everything I've got. Just point it someplace else."
Likewise, Arnold specified to Jim Marrs in 1985 that "one of them" (one of the two policemen) demanded his film.
This is not the case in The Men Who Killed Kennedy, however, in which Arnold describes being accosted by a single police officer:
And what happened was that while I was laying on the ground, it seemed like a gentleman came from this particular direction. And I thought it was a police officer . . . But it didn't really matter much at that time because, with him crying like he was, and with him shaking when he had the weapon in his hand . . . And literally what the man did was kick me, and asked me if I was taking a picture. I told him that I was. And when I looked at the weapon, it was about that big around, and I decided that I would let him have the film. I gave it to him, and then he went back off in this direction . . .
Arnold's interview in The Men Who Killed Kennedy also adds two new details to his description of the individual (or, according to his earlier accounts, the second of two individuals) who accosted him on the knoll. To Earl Golz, Arnold had simply described this man as "a policeman;" in Henry Hurt, he was a "second policeman." But by the time of Arnold's appearance in The Men Who Killed Kennedy, he seems to have developed some doubts about the man's occupation: "I thought it was a police officer [emphasis added] because he had a uniform of a police officer, but he didn't wear a hat, and he had dirty hands."
He didn't wear a hat, and he had dirty hands.
This description appears in none of Arnold's earlier accounts, but it's reminiscent of two items of evidence with which he may have become familiar by the time he was filmed in 1988.
The first item consists of statements by Dallas police officer Joe Marshall Smith, who had described to the Warren Commission encountering a man on the grassy knoll immediately after the shooting who displayed the identification of a Secret Service agent. To Earl Golz in 1978, Smith said, "I remember one thing, he kind of had dirty looking hands or dirty fingernails it looked like." Golz printed this in the same August 27, 1978, Dallas Morning News article that introduced Gordon Arnold to the world. Note that the man with "dirty looking hands" was not a man in a police uniform, however, as in Arnold's story, but a man Smith believed to be a Secret Service agent.
Smit's description of this alleged agent also bears scant resemblance to Arnold's Secret Service (or CIA) agent behind the stockade fence. While Arnold's agent dressed in a "light-colored suit" and was "wearing a side arm," the man described by Smith "looked like an auto mechanic. He had on a sports shirt and sports pants. But he had dirty fingernails, it looked like, and hands that looked like an auto mechanic's hands."
It's hard to escape the impression that Arnold was simply mixing and matching elements from various stories he had heard or read — and there can be little doubt that Arnold had read Smith's story in 1978.
The second item of evidence that may have influenced Arnold's story is an image discovered by Texas researcher Gary Mack in October 1982, in an "exceptionally clear" second-generation transparency slide copy of a print of Mary Ann Moorman's Polaroid photograph of John F. Kennedy's assassination that author Josiah Thompson (Six Seconds in Dallas) had obtained in the 1960s from United Press International. The image seemed to depict the head and shoulders of a man behind the stockade fence, in a stance possibly consistent with the firing of a rifle, his face partly obscured by a white image that could be interpreted as a muzzle flash or smoke from a rifle.
Enlarged and enhanced by photo-optics technician Jack White, the image yielded more apparent details. While this theorized man did not appear to be wearing a hat or cap, what was said to be his chest and arm seemed to contain images reminiscent of a badge and insignia, not unlike those worn by a police officer. Mack dubbed the image "Badge Man."
After subjecting the enlargements to further scrutiny, Mack and White discovered a less clearly defined image near "Badge Man" that they thought could be Gordon Arnold. Shortly thereafter, Mack reports, he conducted three telephone interviews with Arnold, during one of which, Mack says, "I told him I had a photograph that may show him [emphasis as in original], but I didn't want him to see it until I was certain I had obtained the clearest possible version." Arnold's filmed interview for The Men Who Killed Kennedy took place in the summer of 1988, Mack notes, and, according to Mack, "it truly was the first time he [Arnold] had ever seen any version of the Badge Man blowups."
Is it possible that, contrary to what Gary Mack believes, Arnold had seen or heard about the "Badge Man" image, published by Mack in 1982, prior to his filmed interview for The Men Who Killed Kennedy, and it was this development that inspired the new description of the police officer as one who was wearing "a uniform of a police officer," but "didn't wear a hat"? Another element of Arnold's evolving story suggests this may well have been the case.
In addition to the "Badge Man" and alleged Gordon Arnold images in the Moorman enlargements, Mack and White discovered a third image, which they believed to be a man wearing a hardhat and white T-shirt standing directly next to the "Badge Man" figure — a particularly troublesome claim given the fact, acknowledged by both Mack and White, that "Badge Man" and friend would have to have been elevated several feet above the ground (for example, standing on the bumper of a car) in order for their chests to be seen over the five-foot-high fence from Moorman's vantage point, as Mack and White believed.
"Badge Man" and friends, as envisioned by Gary Mack and Jack White
When shown a color-tinted version of a Moorman enlargement created by White and Mack, purportedly for the first time, one of Arnold's reactions was to ask someone off-camera (presumably director Nigel Turner), "Would this fella back here [the figure with the hardhat] be the railroad man I asked you about this morning? Because when I was walking to the site, and I had never told anybody that I had, when we were out there filming, it reminded me that there was a railroad worker just standing out there by the railroad tracks."
So in his interviews for The Men Who Killed Kennedy, Arnold has subtracted one of the two policemen from his earlier accounts, specified for the first time that the man (or one of the men) wearing a police uniform was bareheaded, and added a railroad worker who plays only a passive role in his story.
If these interviews were conducted, as both Nigel Turner and Gary Mack state, before Gordon Arnold became aware of the hypothesized contents of the Mack/White Moorman enlargements, it would indeed be remarkable that his 1988 account suddenly fit so perfectly what Mack and White believed to be shown in Mary Ann Moorman's photograph.
Can we be as certain as Turner and Mack that Arnold's recollections were untainted by any knowledge of what Mack and White had discovered, published, and publicized within the Kennedy assassination research community?
Regardless of whether one accepts Gordon Arnold's story, however, does the Moorman Polaroid corroborate his presence on the grassy knoll that tragic day?
In a word, no.
The simple fact of the matter is that, if the images in the Moorman enlargements were indeed Gordon Arnold and a man in a police uniform ("Badge Man"), as Mack and White believe, a distance of about ten feet would have separated the two — about the same distance that separated President John F. Kennedy from Dallas police officer Robert W. "Bobby" Hargis at the exact same instant, as depicted in the Zapruder film.
At left: eyewitness Jean Hill in red, Officer Bobby Hargis, Mary Moorman about to snap her picture
Officer Hargis is also prominent in Mary Moorman's Polaroid: look at the obvious disparity between the relative size of the President's head compared to that of Hargis, and that of the alleged figure of Gordon Arnold compared to that of Mack and White's "Badge Man," though each pair of figures would be located approximately the same distance apart.
Simply put, while either Mack and White's "Badge Man" or "Gordon Arnold" figure could conceivably depict an actual human being on the knoll, it is impossible for both to be people. Of course, if either one of these images is nothing more than an illusion, it raises serious questions about the validity of both.
As researcher Greg Jaynes points out, the features of the "Badge Man" image are remarkably well defined, while the edge of the white concrete wall, located some thirty-seven feet closer to the camera than the theorized position of "Badge Man," is captured in Moorman only as a sea of gauze and fuzz; the same criticism applies to the "Gordon Arnold" and "Hardhat Man" figures. Of course, it is a photographic impossibility for objects further from the plane of focus of the photograph to be in sharper focus than objects nearer to it; this strongly suggests that the three images are illusions resulting from photographic artifacts, light glimpsed through the trees in the background, distortions resulting from an object located in between Moorman's camera and the picket fence, or a combination of some or all of these factors — just like other "assassins" found in Mary Moorman's grainy Polaroid and eventually debunked by analysts, including Gary Mack himself.
Furthermore, Gordon Arnold stated consistently that he dropped to the ground just after the first shot was fired; but the first shot was fired no later than the time frame 224 of the home movie taken by Dallas garment manufacturer Abraham Zapruder was exposed, and very possibly as early as Zapruder frame 155. If Arnold's account is accurate, how can he still be standing at the time of the head shot (captured in Zapruder frame 313, about the same time the Moorman Polaroid was taken)?
Finally, if Gordon Arnold's story is true and the Mack/White "Badge Man" theory is also true, where was "Badge Man" just a few minutes earlier, when Arnold was allegedly behind the fence?
Arnold consistently stated that he had been "walking behind [the] fence on top of the grassy knoll minutes before the assassination" toward the railroad bridge. After his purported encounter (or encounters) with the federal agent, Arnold "walked the complete length of the fence," this time in the other direction, before he got around on the other side. We know that the President's motorcade was running some five minutes behind schedule. If a man in a police uniform was supposed to kill the President from behind the fence on the grassy knoll, where was he?
As far as photographic corroboration for Arnold's story goes, the only issue that remains is whether or not he could be the figure known as "Black Dog Man."
"Black Dog Man" is the name given to a bystander glimpsed hidden in shadow behind the concrete wall in photographs taken by spectators Phil Willis and Hugh Betzner; the description comes from the silhouette's slight resemblance to a black dog crouched upon the wall. As this person has never identified him- or herself, and his or her features are far too indistinct in these photographs to allow for any possible identification, his or her identity remains open to speculation.
"Black Dog Man" cannot be Gordon Arnold, however, as he or she appears to be standing against the wall (see below), while Arnold claimed to have been standing a short distance across the sidewalk from the wall; and "Black Dog Man" certainly does not appear to be filming the motorcade.
Left: researcher J. Gary Shaw demonstrates "Black Dog Man's" position for Robert Groden.
Right: Gordon Arnold stands where he claimed to have been positioned during the assassination.
Despite the dearth of evidence, there is one eyewitness who has been alleged to confirm Gordon Arnold's presence in Dealey Plaza.
Faces in Odd Places
If one looks at enough photographs, faces can turn up in all kinds of strange places. Consider, for example, this photo of the World Trade Center towers in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Some see the face of Satan, perhaps gloating over the evil he has caused.
Then there is this famous photo of the "face on Mars," photographed by NASA's Viking Orbiter in 1976. How did it get there? Does it show intelligent life, perhaps trying to communicate with other races from other planets?
As it happens a probe in 2001 obtained a much higher resolution photo of the same area, and the "face" is shown to be a rather ordinary geological structure.
It's not possible, unfortunately, to go back to Dealey Plaza and rephotograph "Badgeman." If he was ever there, he's now long gone.
As noted previously, Arnold's story was first publicized in a Dallas Morning News story of August 27, 1978. A follow-up story of Sunday, December 31, 1978, again authored by Earl Golz, noted, "Some assassination researchers said they doubted Arnold's story because they could not find him in photographs and movie film taken at the time of the assassination."
However, Golz wrote, Arnold's "presence on the grassy knoll was confirmed Saturday by former U.S. Sen. Ralph Yarborough of Texas, who was riding in the motorcade two cars behind the presidential limousine. He was a passenger in a car with Vice President Lyndon Johnson and Mrs. Johnson."
"Immediately on the firing of the first shot I saw the man you interviewed throw himself on the ground," Yarborough told The News. "He was down within a second of the time the shot was fired and I thought to myself, 'There's a combat veteran who knows how to act when weapons start firing.'"
Yarborough elaborated slightly upon his statement ten years later, in The Men Who Killed Kennedy:
During that shooting my eye was attracted to the right. I saw a movement and I saw a man just jump about ten feet like at the old time flying tackle in football and land against a wall. I thought to myself, "There's an infantryman who's either been shot at in combat or he's been trained thoroughly: the minute you hear firing, get under cover."
Yarborough saw someone "jump about ten feet like at the old time flying tackle in football and land against a wall;" Gordon Arnold said he "hit the dirt" behind the concrete wall.
Gordon Arnold said he was in uniform that day; Yarborough surmised that the bystander he saw was an infantryman or combat veteran, because he appeared to know "how to act when weapons start firing."
Was Yarborough describing Gordon Arnold, or someone else entirely?
In 1993 Ralph W. Yarborough was interviewed at his Austin home by historian David Murph of Texas Christian University. Murph reminded Yarborough that he had been quoted as saying he had witnessed a man on the grassy knoll throw himself down on the ground, and that the man had impressed him as a combat veteran.
Yarborough seemed puzzled to hear that his words had been applied to someone standing on the grassy knoll. That couldn't possibly be correct, he insisted repeatedly. "Remember where I was in the motorcade — with the Johnsons," he cautioned Murph, "too far back to have been able to see anyone [on the knoll] drop to the ground when firing began."
Whoever Yarborough had described (and there were many people in Dealey Plaza throwing themselves down on the ground as the shots rang out), it could not have been Gordon Arnold.
What really happened on the knoll during the assassination? Does any evidence corroborate Gordon Arnold's claims about what occurred during and after the shooting?
|Continue to Part Three


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What Are the Different Types of Heavy Earth Moving Equipment?
Heavy earth moving equipment has been around for thousands of years from at least as far back as the time of the ancient Egyptians. Today, modern civilization has developed a number of types of heavy earth moving equipment for use in construction, civil engineering, landscaping and mining. Some of these machines are among the largest ever constructed, such as Bagger 293, a bucket excavator that is longer than three 747 jumbo jets placed nose to tail in a line.
Some types of earth moving machines are very familiar to many people. A bulldozer, for example is a large tracked vehicle with a movable blade mounted on the front that pushes dirt and rocks around. Front loaders and backhoes are similar to bulldozers and are often built on the same types of tracked platform — sometimes with both on the same tracked vehicle. A front loader has a large, movable, broad bucket mounted on the front which allows it to scoop up dirt. A backhoe is a mechanical shovel that consists of an articulated arm with a bucket on the end which digs into the ground by pushing down into the soil and scooping it back towards the machine.
Large backhoe excavators are often found at construction and mining sites and consist of a tracked base with the bulk of the machine mounted above which allows it to rotate in any direction. The shovel, or bucket, on these excavators can be enormous, especially in the case of mining excavators. Some are capable of moving hundreds of cubic yards of earth with one scoop. Other mining excavators include drag-line shovels, which use chains to control and move huge bucket-like shovels, and bucket wheel excavators, which have enormous rotating wheels with bucket shovels mounted along the rim that allow for continuous digging. Some of these excavators are capable of removing hundreds of thousands of tons of earth per day.
Dump trucks are another common form of heavy earth moving equipment. They range in size from those commonly seen at small construction sites to titanic machines the size of large houses that haul hundreds of cubic yards of material at a time at mining sites. Some of these dump trucks can hold as much as 400 tons in their cargo bin.
Road construction equipment, such as graders, are another form of heavy earth moving equipment. Graders are used to move earth for the purpose of smoothing road beds, often prior to paving. Trenchers are specialized earth moving machines that dig trenches for pipes or cables.

subset: commoncrawl


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Radar: Regent Park Film Festival, 416 Toronto Creative Improvisers Festival, Then & Now: Tales of Toronto's Nightlife, Convergence
FILM | 10th Annual Regent Park Film Festival
The 2012 Regent Park Film Festival begins today, and proudly launches into what is the city's only free community-based festival of its kind. This ongoing event will feature screenings, panel discussions, workshops and installations that will be aimed at a diverse range of age groups and interests within this urban community. Over fifty films by local and international filmmakers will be shown, and contributors range from emerging directors and animators, to established figures in the business. The festival runs until November 10th.
Daniels Spectrum (585 Dundas Street East)
MUSIC | 416 Toronto Creative Improvisers Festival
For the next four nights, The Tranzac Club hosts a musical event that describes itself as "a celebration of music-making on a tightrope" - the 416 Toronto Creative Improvisers Festival. This annual festival showcases TO improvisers in a collaborative context, with each performer playing several sets over the course of the four nights, in varying styles and different groups. Performances are essentially free-form, but a game plan can be established where an image, an idea, or a phrase can become the catalyst or theme for impromptu musical exploration. Tonight, three different ensembles gather at the Tranzac to launch this event: Fern Lindzon 3, ยกDO!, and Vespaziani/Bull.
Tranzac Club (292 Brunswick Avenue) 10PM $7
CULTURE | Then & Now: Tales of Toronto's Nightlife
As part of the Make Some Noise... Take Some Noise series that is happening at the Bloor/Gladstone branch of the Toronto Public Library this month, well-known DJ and Grid columnist Denise Benson will talk about TO's nightlife through the ages. It is not clear how many decades back Benson will begin her presentation, but if her Then & Now series in The Grid (on which this presentation is likely based) is any indication, the fun will begin in the early '80s, when after-hours clubs like Voodoo and Twilight Zone ruled the late-night TO landscape.
Toronto Public Library (1101 Bloor Street West) 7PM FREE
ART | Convergence
Convergence is an exhibition of works by Pat Stanley that explores the visual relationship between objects and entities in our world, and those in the Universe from a million years ago. This is a recurring theme in Stanley's work, and the artist uses photographs from the Hubble telescope, as well as more 'Earthly' images to convey these environmental and temporal relationships. Pat Stanley is a visual artist residing in Coburg, Ontario who has received numerous awards for his work, and has studied at Montreal's Ecole des Beaux Arts.
Propeller Centre for the Visual Arts (984 Queen Street West)
Wavelength + PBR present: The Luyas "Animator" Record Release w/ Fiver + The Riderless
Have an event you'd like to plug? Submit your own listing to the blogTO Toronto events calendar or contact us directly.
For Toronto movie showtimes, view our Movie Listings section.
Photo by syncros in the blogTO Flickr pool
Join the conversation Load comments


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■ Organization Name: National University, Bangladesh
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■ Job Source: Daily Star
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National University Job Circular 2021 Image
Source: Observerbd, 25 October 2021
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Job Source: Amadershomoy, 06 October 2021
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National University NU Job Circular 2021
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Furthering my attempts to be my very own in-house barista, I've added another syrup option to my arsenal. I know I've mentioned before that I have a problem with going out & buying coffee. Slowly I'm reigning in on my expensive
addiction hobby. Making cold-brew in batches has helped me save money, the simple syrup makes iced coffee a sweeter treat, & now chocolate syrup gives me some variety. It's nice to have choices at home - that way I don't get bored of any one combination. This chocolate syrup mixes nicely with iced coffee for a mocha-like drink.
I've made my chocolate syrup on the more liquid-y side so that it blends better in my morning cold brew. If you want to make syrup for topping ice cream, I recommend using a little less than half a cup of water instead.
Ingredients //
- 3/4 cups water
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1/4 cup cocoa
- Pinch of salt
- Splash of vanilla extract
Directions //
- Combine all the ingredients in a small pot & heat over medium-high heat.
- When the mixture begins to boil, stir constantly for 60 seconds.
- Remove from heat. Let cool, & store in refrigerator.
I mix this in my iced coffee with some milk, a splash of whipping cream, & a few ice cubes. I still need to come up with a name for this drink...
P.S. If you think this chocolate syrup is easy, check out this one-step caramel syrup.


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Several years ago, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg famously announced, "Privacy is Dead!". The internet age, he said, has shifted social norms. We no longer care about protecting our identities. And it doesn't matter if we do, because it's too late to do anything about that, right?
Inspired by one cocky young CEO's off-the-cuff statement (not really), The Guardian's new production company, Guardian Labs, has teamed up with Silent Circle, the mobile encryption software company, to explore just where privacy is in this modern technological panopticon of an internet-enabled world we live in.
The first episode, in which I am doxxed, was published today. The next four – in which I am hacked, in which I take back control, in which I wonder if control is what I really need, and in which I swim in the pool of smart technology – will be out over the next few weeks.
You can catch all the action by subscribing here!


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Obama Rolled By Iranians
I wish this headline in the NY Times was a joke, but it is not:
U.S. Wonders if Iran Is Playing for Time or Is Serious on Deal
This is a "news analysis" piece, so the Times will be all over the nuance angle:
But the trick now for Mr. Obama, administration officials concede, will be to avoid getting rolled.
Obama, get rolled? Why would anyone be afraid of that after Copenhagen? After all, Obama's top notch negotiators extracted a ground-breaking concession from the Iranians, to ship their uranium abroad for further processing. Just think, progress.
For the administration though, the problem is that no one is certain that the Iranian government will actually do what Western officials say that they have now agreed to do. In fact, on Friday, less than 24 hours after the talks in Geneva broke up, Iranian officials did not sound as if they thought they had promised anything.
"No, no!" Mehdi Saffare, Iran's ambassador to Britain and a member of the Iranian delegation to the negotiations told the Associated Press. He said that sending Iran's enriched uranium out of the county had "not been discussed yet."
Okay, so the concession and breakthrough was not really a concession and breakthrough. This will all be cleared up at the next meeting, right?
This is not the first time that Western officials have left discussions with their Iranian counterparts thinking they had a deal, only to see it melt away. In 2007, European diplomats said they thought they had wrung a concession from Iran on the same issue, enriching uranium outside the country for use in Iranian reactors, only to have Iran's supreme religious leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, reject the idea as an impingement on Iran's sovereignty.
This is all a misunderstanding. Time is on our side, right?
The clearest risk is that the Iranians may play for time, as they often have been accused of doing in the past, making promises and encouraging more meetings, while waiting for political currents to change or the closed ranks among the Western allies to break.
Now the Times has got it. The problem is that some people have "accused" the Iranians of playing for time. Obama will not fall for that old trick, I'm confident of it. After all, Obama announced a two-week deadline for the Iranians to open their no-longer-secret enrichment facility to inspection:
A State Department spokesman on Friday signaled that the president's mandate that Iran has two weeks to permit inspections of its recently unveiled uranium refinement plant was not "written in stone."
"I don't think that there's a hard-and-fast deadline," State Department spokesman Ian Kelly said during Friday's press briefing, after a reporter asked what the consequences of Iran's inaction might be.
On further reflection, I think we are in for a world of hurt. Nothwithstanding Juan Cole's foolish looking victory dance that
Barack Obama pwned Bush-Cheney in one day, and got more concessions from Iran in 7 1/2 hours than the former administration got in 8 years of saber-rattling.
Related Posts:
What Do Juan Cole and "Death to America" Have In Common?
"Heads They Win, Tails We Lose" Diplomacy
He Who Cannot Stop Talking, Is Silent On Iran
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"We Always Keep the Light On….."
Chayal el Chayal is the address that many lone soldiers simply know as "home". Whether they want to grab a bite, chill with friends or need a place to sleep, they know where they are always welcome.
Chayal el Chayal has 4 homes in the center of Jerusalem, three of them a short walk from Shuk Machane Yehudah. Pre-drafting soldiers often arrive in Israel and need a place to stay while looking for an apartment. We make the transition easier. We offer two weeks of free lodging, and longer for a small fee. We also have some rooms we rent out to soldiers, at a very affordable rate.
Any soldier who gets off base for the weekend or during the week knows he or she has a place to stay in a safe, family environment.


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I am 28 years old. I have been for a good few months now.
Is it normal that everyday one thinks of ways to make money, online and offline, if only to be able to reach out to more people and be of value to more people.
Sure, striking it rich may sound really good, but that choice words make it sound as if one is seriously hoping for a miracle lottery ticket, just so one can visit the far off countries and not work for years and live off the lottery ticket.
I hope that I can strike it rich, but no I don't go out and buy lottery tickets or toto or 4D, but no not those means, because having played poker lately, I learned that luck evens out, and in the long run, you're going to lose more money simply by punting — unless you're skillfully lucky, but there's not a lot of people who are like that.
I hope that I can strike it rich so that I can make life better, not just for me but for my family, my friends, my community, for being rich and enjoying the riches alone, well you're really just alone aren't ya?
What's good, or fun in being filthy rich and you fear in sharing the wealth?
No, I'm not saying that one should work hard and be an instant philanthropist unconditionally, because believe it or not, there are people out there who will not think twice in living off your riches.
There are people out there who simply will not fend for themselves becauase they know there are saints looking after them, and not because they are disabled or anything.
These leeches are the ones that I truly, madly, deeply, have zero affinity with.
And then there are people who you know that have been working so hard for almost all their lives, and yet with little too show for either: 1) they're education level were limited thus opportunities weren't realised, 2) they're leeched of their hard work and earnings, 3) they have yet to meet that one opportunity that could transform their lives.
Living with them, I know for myself how hard they work, and how much they have had to sacrifice just so that they can provide a decent level of living for their families.
In my own eyes, husbands and wives spent more time at work, than at home, all in the name of feeding a family.
In my own eyes, I could see what working hard and hard work really meant.
And now that I am at a level where I can assist in bits and pieces, I feel that they are deserving of my assistance, even though others who've been glancing through the window may cut a doubtful figure.
You see, I took the liberty of doing up an excel sheet of my income and expenses and it astonished me that without my realising, I've been giving away quite a chunk of my paycheck — and no, I certainly don't regret sharing any of it away.
I read somewhere about how one should really be thrifty with their money, by saving 10% of their salary in a special 'Don't touch me' account, donate 10% towards charity, and then having the liberty of the 80% at your own mercy.
I realised that I've been sharing nearly 35-40% of my paycheck towards my family, and now that I'm finding myself in a tight situation (no thanks to a slow pick-up in business this year).
Sometimes I wonder if I'm vandalising my own ticket to a higher level by not having the extra loose change to invest elsewhere, and by investing I don't mean trust funds or stocks but rather in areas pertaining to self development, maintenance, savings, career, family and such~
It's a double edged sword, but one that I carry with great pride and satisfaction nevertheless.
Once in a while I do tell myself that I could have gotten that PS3 or PSP, or receive a bike upgrade, but in the long run, and truly, madly, deeply deep down inside, I know that nothing, yes nothing can buy what a loving family is able to give.
But I do aim to be rich (oh everyone does), but not just in the currency of dollars and signs, and certainly not via a punter's ticket.
In the movie 'The Pursuit Of Happiness', Christopher Anderson, played by Will Smith, quoted "I met my father for the first time when I was 28 years old. I made up my mind that when I had children, my children were going to know who their father was."
Tonight, I wonder, what will my children think of me when they turn 28?
Interestingly, towards the end, the movie also quoted "That maybe happiness is something that we can only pursue and maybe we can actually never have it. No matter what."
*Wishful Thoughts*


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Gravadlax with Beetroot and Ginger – Truly a Christmas Miracle.
A Christmas Miracle, I hear you say. To answer your unasked, and possibly even unthought, question. No, I haven't found religion. Though, there seems to be more of it about at this time of year. I will enter into the festive spirit and avoid going off on a rant about the damage organised religion seems to do to our world. Instead, I will get back in the kitchen and prepare a true miracle of flavour, texture and colour. That miracle is Gravadlax with Beetroot and Ginger.


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Benefits of Camel Milk
Why Camels Milk?
Camel Milk is naturally comprised of an amazing array of ingredients, including unique proteins and nutrients which make it a perfect milk alternative, and also a base component for skin care and nutraceutical products.
Immune Proteins- perhaps the most important component of camel milk. The concentrated immune proteins and the unique molecular structure of camel milk delivers natural anti-microbials, anti-bacterials, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-fungal properties.
Beneficial Active Ingredients of Camel Milk Include:
Essential Fatty Acids including Omega 3, Omega 6, Omega 9 oils.
(Transforms dry or damaged skin into supple, soft, glowing, healthy looking skin)
Alpha Hydroxy Acids act as a collagen stimulator and provides natural and gentle exfoliating action which will improve skin look and feel.
Vitamins and Minerals- Camel Milk contains a gold mine of vitamins and minerals including vitamins A, B, C, D, and E. These vitamins, alone or acting together, contain anti-aging properties as well as functional anti-oxidant properties. Camel Milk itself is an amazing antibacterial and antimicrobial!
Phospholipids are an important class of biomolecules. Phospholipids are the fundamental building blocks of cellular membranes. The phospholipids naturally contained in camel milk protects and repairs skin through the production of elastin and collagen.
Here is how Camels Milk compares to cows milk:
Camel Milk contains a higher concentration of minerals like iron, zinc, potassium, copper, sodium and magnesium. It has has higher vitamin A and B2 levels. It also contains more protein than cow milk.
Camel Milk has 3 times the amount of Vitamin C than cow milk. It contains more unsaturated fatty acids and essential B-vitamins than cow milk.
Camel Milk contains lower cholesterol than cow milk and has a different composition of whey proteins and caseins, which is a big reason why it has more healing properties than cow milk.
There is also a lower amount of lactose which makes it easier for lactose-intolerant people to digest and consume. Camel Milk has more effective antibacterial and antiviral characteristics than cow milk.
And lastly, it does not solidify easily and is easier to digest than cow milk.
Camel Milk doesn't curdle!
Need more convincing? Here are some amazing studies worth a read.
1. Allergies/Especially in Children Camel Milk has been used for children who suffer from mild to severe allergies from many types of foods. Scientific studies on a small group of eight children who were severely allergic to milk and other kinds of food showed that they were successfully able to overcome their allergies by following a diet consisting of camel milk. All eight children overcame the allergies with no side effects. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16382703. This is owing to the presence of disease-fighting immunoglobulins, which help reduce allergies and their symptoms.
2. Fights Autoimmune Disorders: Camel Milk is rich in immunoglobulins or antibodies which target foreign bodies and disease-inducing substances, or antigens, effectively purging them from the immune system. Camel milk has many immune-system components that help fight autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and other conditions. Traditional autoimmune disorder medicines usually suppress the immune system, while camel milk boosts it. Dr. Reuven Yagil, physiology professor at University of Israel, mentions that camel milk can control and even heal autoimmune disorders.
3. Autism: Camel milk has been found to help curb autistic symptoms and even help eliminate autism in some case studies. Controlled studies on autistic individuals conclude that autistic symptoms gradually got better and autistic people turned more docile, less hysteric and less self-destructive. Many studies, though, have been inconclusive and these controlled studies can't prove how camel milk helps curb this condition. It is believed that the antioxidant properties of camel milk usually help reduce autistic symptoms. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3773435/.
4. Antioxidant Rich: Camel Milk is rich in antioxidants, which makes it a great remedy for eliminating free-radicals, helping cure afflictions like pigmentation and cancerous cells. This property ensures that camel milk combats oxidative stress. The antioxidant property of camel milk also makes it quite effective in controlling and reducing the symptoms of cancer. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23768340.
5. Anti-Aging: Camel Milk contains a compound called alpha-hydroxyl acid which helps smoothen fine lines and prevents wrinkles, thus delaying the onset of aging. Alexander Jumbo's book, Push Back Aging, highlights camel milk as an anti-aging substance. See https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wmsYBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA32&dq=camel+milk+and+aging&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fSbjVKruPIu-uASDv4HAAQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=camel%20milk&f=false.
6. Anti-Inflammatory: Camel milk is an effective anti-inflammatory agent which makes it quite useful in treating inflammatory conditions like cough and bronchitis. It also relieves arthritic and rheumatic pains. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788059 .
7. Anti-Diabetic: Camel Milk is an effective anti-diabetic agent. It contains many agents which contribute to its efficacy in controlling and preventing diabetes. It has an insulin-like protein, which helps reduce the effect of diabetes. The insulin present in Camel Milk makes blood absorption easier. See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22751901.
8. Tuberculosis: There have been many studies on the efficacy of camel milk when it comes to treating tuberculosis. Camel Milk is a strong antibacterial and antiviral agent that helps purge the body of mycobacterium tubercoli.
9. Weight Loss: Camel milk is low in fat. The low-fat value means that you will not put on unwanted weight or struggle with high levels of cholesterol.
10. No Extra Chemicals: We know that Camel milk contains more than 3 times the amount of Vitamin C than other types of milk. Camel milk is high in iron, folate and other essential nutrients. This means that camel milk does not need any added preservatives.


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Rolly Toys John Deere Towing Power Winch
Rolly Toys John Deere Towing Power Winch
The John Deere Winch is a great addition to any Rolly Unimog or Rolly Pedal Tractor. The winch simply attaches on with a coupling pin (included) to the front or rear of all children's ride on tractors from the Rolly Toys range. The Rolly Winch is a fully functional pedal tractor accessory which allows kids to tow their favourite toys when they have had a "break down".
John Deere colours Simple pin attachment.
Heavy duty plastic winch with rope and hook.
Dimensions L38cms x W8cms x H28cms.


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Equity, Diversity, & Inclusion Survey
Our survey provides data on the perceptions and experiences of your colleagues as well as highlights their suggestions for improvements in your working culture. Disaggregation of the results allows you to understand which groups feel most vulnerable, when particular issues are most likely to arise, and where people feel safe, valued, and productive.
Standard Survey
Independently operated by Keystone
Completely anonymous, only aggregated results presented
Confidential results
Results disaggregated by select variables
Administered online
Administered to all staff and volunteers
Available in English, French and Spanish
Possibility of benchmarks to other INGOs
Optional Add Ons
In-depth confidential interviews
Facilitated discussion of results with management
Other languages
Communication materials for sharing results
Additional data segmentation


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When a table is damaged, it can cause issues in the natural rhythm of your life. Sometimes, refinishing your table can be the best choice for your home.Read more
Category: Furniture Restoration
Is Your Wood Furniture Worth Refinishing?
How can you differentiate between the DIY furniture projects you're considering? Which ones are really worth your time?Read more
Why the Country Club Atmosphere Keeps Winning Memberships
Your country club wins memberships, because you work hard to ensure that the clubhouse and each room inside exceeds the standards.Read more
Financial Advantages of Commercial Furniture Restoration
Commercial furniture restoration maximizes furniture longevity, helping to maintain your professional appearance and unique style.Read more
The Pitfalls of Old Wood Furniture Restoration
Here are three reasons you may want to reconsider tackling an old wood furniture restoration project on your own.Read more
Reviving Water-Damaged Furniture
Water damage comes from several common scenarios, flooding, leaky windows, or spills left unattended. The extent of water damaged furniture can vary depending on the level of moisture, the length of time it had been exposed, and the quality of the furniture. Extensive water damage to low-quality furniture is often not worth the time and…Read more
Hotel Restoration Work: A Quality First Impression
You may not always equate the quality of your hotel room with the quality of the furniture but it is the first impression you create.Read more
The Value of Refinishing Restaurant Tables
Choosing to refinish is a great way to stick to a budget, keep your tables, extend their life, and support sustainability within your restaurant.Read more
Commercial and Residential Restoration Expertise
Your Chicagoland commercial & residential restoration experts, from the big-ticket conference room tables to the detailed work of an antique heirloom chair.Read more
Tips for Refinishing Outdoor Furniture
The key is to inspect them each year, either at the beginning or end of the summer season, and to take care of them properly, using the correct techniques and materials.Read more


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The Tyree Red Watermelon Chalice is truly a classic old school chalice. It's background color is a bright red versus the typical pink color and is considered much rarer. It is this coloration that makes the Tyree Red so unusual and beautiful. Combine that with the green rim and yellow eyes and you have a true collectors piece.
Frags will be approximately 2 eyes.
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Contact Center
Customers can now reach you via IM, email, text, or chat. It changes the whole dynamics to Contact Centers. And it changes our focus, too.
Enterprise Systems has the expertise to design, install and maintain Contact Centers. Enterprise Systems has demonstrated expert competencies on comprehensive Contact Center solutions, so much so that other national partners have subcontracted Enterprise Systems to perform their deployments.
Enterprise Systems engineers install and supports premise Contact Center solutions from Avaya and Mitel, the worldwide leaders in Contact Center. Recognizing that end users have unique requirements, Enterprise also installs and supports Cloud Contact Center solutions from Mitel, Avaya, Fuze, 8X8 and InContact.


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I've written in the past about how ridiculous it would be for a company to be granted a patent on a simple design element. And, really, I don't think they are: more likely, they're granted patents on overall designs that happen to include certain simple design elements. A case in point is Samsung, which recently patented new smartphone designs that include round faces.
Some folks seem concerned that Samsung has "patented round smartwatch faces" and that this will cause a problem for companies like Motorola with their Moto 360. Fortunately, most people seem to avoid that misapprehension, and discuss the patents for what's really interesting about them: a hint into Samsung's future smartwatch plans.
As far as those are concerned, I'm glad to see Samsung considering different designs than we've seen so far. Watches are fashion pieces as much as they are timekeepers–and smartwatches are different than other mobile technologies in that they're constantly visible and can enhance or detract from the wearer's style. Some people might not be too concerned about how a watch looks on their wrist, but I'm not one of them, and so far the Moto 360 is the only (eventually) mainstream smartwatch I've seen that matches my own aesthetic.
I just wish there was something like it for Windows Phone.


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My Farm
When it was brought to my attention that My Farm was coming over to
the iOS platform (iPhone and iPad), I was all over it. We loved this
franchise on the Wii U. It was a blast to play on the Wii U. So it was
my hope that My Farm would be just as awesome on the touch screen only
hand held. I will get into more of that as this review goes along. The
graphics look similar, albeit a bit scaled down in this version.
I was not expecting the controls to be such a pain in My Farm. Take for example feeding an animal. Tap a menu screen at the bottom (the chefs hat), tap and drag the correct food over to the animal. Let that sink in for a minute. Can you find the fundamental flaw in this design? I found it the first time. Your finger may not be on the top of the animal. Or the game may not register it. Which means you miss feeding them. When you have one animal it is no problem trying a second time.
What became a problem in My Farm is when the animals became randomly sick. I got irritated trying to save their lives because the game was not registering the medicine on their bodies. Or my big finger blocked too much of the screen to see if I was over the animal. Either way it led to failures which led to frustration. Thankfully I have played enough of the My Farm games to know not to over extend myself. Grow your farm and animals slowly.
The music in My Farm is fantastic, fresh, and fun. I enjoy hearing the different animal sounds while playing My Farm on the iPhone and iPad. My Farm is selling for $2.99 which is a very fair price for a downloadable only hand held video game. The neighbors can offer helpful advice in My Farm. They can also be a bit of a nuisance when something is not working. Speaking of annoyances in My Farm, have fun scrolling through all of the items for purchase.
I am going to give away an idea that has an one hundred thousand dollar value to it. If I had designed My Farm I would have had players tap on an animal to feed them, clean them, and give them medicine. That change to the design would have made My Farm on the iPad and iPhone so much better, and easier to play. Maybe I should start my own video game consulting company to help make games better. What do you think?
I still like My Farm. I just like it better on the Nintendo 3DS, and Wii U. The controls are what get in the way of the iPad and iPhone version. The sounds, taking care of animals, leaving the city for the farm, and more are still present. I hope to see sequels to this franchise. Hopefully with a better control scheme and design. Time will tell.
- Paul
Graphics: 75%
Sound: 85%
Replay/Extras: 80%
Gameplay: 50%
Family Friendly Factor: 80%
System: iPad/iPhone
Publisher: Microids
Developer: BiP Media
Rating: '4+' for 4+
Company provided product
Value/Cost of the review is greater than value/cost of provided product
Want more info on this product, or the company that made this product?
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FAIR is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing well-documented answers to criticisms of the doctrine, practice, and history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Criticism of Mormonism/Books/One Nation Under Gods/Use of sources/Brigham Young orders MMM monument demolished
< Criticism of Mormonism | Books | One Nation Under Gods | Use of sources(Redirected from One Nation Under Gods/Use of sources/Brigham Young orders MMM monument demolished)
FAIR Answers Wiki Table of Contents
Brigham Young orders Mountain Meadows massacre monument demolished?
|Brigham Young ordered Mountain Meadows Massacre
A FAIR Analysis of: One Nation Under Gods, a work by author: Richard Abanes
|Blood atone Washington politicians
Author's Claims
One Nation under Gods, page 251 (hardback and paperback)
- When Brigham Young visited the site in 1860 and saw the monument, he "ordered the monument and cross torn down" and demolished.
Related claims in other works
- Sally Denton, American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows, (Secker & Warburg, 2003), 136.
Author's Sources
Endnote 103, page 567 (hardback); page 565 (paperback)
- Wilford Woodruff, Wilford Woodruff's Journal, 9 vols., ed., Scott G. Kenny (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1985), 5:577 (journal entry dated (under May 25, 1860)). ISBN 0941214133. [should be May 25, 1861]; cf. Brooks, Mountain Meadows, 183.
Question: Did Brigham Young order that the Mount Meadows monument be destroyed?
Neither Wilford Woodruff, nor John D. Lee said anything in their journals about Brigham Young ordering the destruction of the monument
The critical book One Nation Under Gods claims that when Brigham Young visited the Mountain Meadows Massacre site in 1860 and saw the monument, that he "ordered the monument and cross torn down" and demolished. [1]
If Brigham Young had ordered the monument's destruction, this would be an unfortunate example of the fallibility of mortal prophets. The ability of Lee and others to hide their crimes for a time is not unexpected given LDS doctrine (DC 10:37).
Wilford Woodruff (and John D. Lee) said nothing in his journal about Brigham Young ordering—or desiring— the destruction of the monument. Waite's book reports a rumor, and Leavitt's account is frank to admit that all Brigham did was "raise his arm to the square" (this gesture is used, for example, during LDS baptisms to indicate that the priesthood is being invoked, and a covenant made). Leavitt presumes that Brigham wanted the monument destroyed, but this was his supposition. It is completely unsupported by Woodruff, and it is completely inconsistent with Lorenzo Brown's witness of three years later that the monument was still standing.
The author's claim that Wilford Woodruff's journal supports the destruction of the monument is absolutely unsupportable. It is certainly not a historical certainty that Brigham Young ordered the monument destroyed. The Leavitt account tells us only that some Church members interpreted Brigham's actions in that manner—we thus cannot rule out an intention by Brigham to have the monument destroyed, but historians are less skilled at mind-reading than even Dudley Leavitt would have been.
One Nation Under Gods gets the date and reference to Woodruff's diary wrong—the reference is to 1861, not 1860. But, there are more serious lapses.
Woodruff journal: There is no mention of Brigham Young tearing down the cross or demolishing the monument
The quote from Woodruff's journal reads simply:
25 A vary Cold morning. Much Ice on the Creek. I wore my great Coat & mittens. We visited the Mountain Meadow Monument put up at the burial place of 120 persons killed by Indians in 1857. The pile of stone was about 12 feet high, but begining to tumble down. A wooden Cross was placed on top with the following words: Vengence is mine and I will repay saith the Lord. President Young said it should be Vengence is mine and I have taken a little.
There is no mention of Brigham Young tearing down the cross or demolishing the monument—Woodruff noted that the monument was already "begining [sic] to tumble down," but said nothing about Brigham ordering it torn down.
Brooks: the monument was still standing three years after Brigham's first visit to the monument
The Brooks account is more on point. In favor of the claim that Brigham had something to do with the monument's destruction, Brooks cites:
- her grandfather, Dudley Leavitt, to one of his sons, who recorded it: "'I was with a group of elders that went out with President Young to visit the spot in the spring of '61. The soldiers had put up a monument, and on top of that a wooden cross with words burned into it, 'Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord, I will repay.' Brother Brigham read that to himself and studied it for a while and then he read it out loud, 'Vengeance is mine saith the Lord; I have repaid.' He didn't say another word. He didn't give an order. He just lifted his right arm to the square, and in five minutes there wasn't one stone left upon another. He didn't have to tell us what he wanted done. We understood.'"
- Catherine Waite's book (which has a footnote which quotes from General Carlton) states that "this monument is said to have been destroyed the first time Brigham visited that part of the Territory" (Waite, The Mormon Prophet and his Harem, 71).
Brooks also cites the Lorenzo Brown diary from July 1, 1864 wherein he states that he passed by, and saw the monument still standing. This was three years after Brigham's first visit to the monument. It is possible that this was a rebuilt monument, but the description is strikingly similar:
went past the monument that was erected in commemoration of the Massacre that was committed at that place by officers & men of Company M Calafornia volunteers May 27 & 28 1864 It is built of cobble stone at the bottom and about 3 feet high then rounded up with earth & surmounted by a rough wooden cross the whole 6 or 7 feet high & perhaps 10 feet square On one side of the cross is inscribed Mountain Meadow Massacre and over that in smaller letters is vengeance is mine & I will repay saith the Lord. On the other side Done by officers & men of Co. M Cal. Vol. May 27th & 28th 1864 Some one has written below this in pencil. Remember Hauns mill and Carthage Jail….'[2]
Brigham H. Roberts adopted a similar view, writing, "later was destroyed either by some vandal's hand or the ruthless ravages of time…. The destruction of this inscription is unjustly connected by the judge with President Young's first visit to southern Utah after it was erected (1861)."[3]
Uncited material: John D. Lee says nothing about demolishing the monument
One Nation Under Gods does not mention the John D. Lee diary, which contains a second-hand account of Brigham Young proceeding "by way of Mountain Meadows." Lee says nothing about demolishing the monument.[4] He was to record Brigham's words as preserved by Woodruff six days later, so he clearly had an interest in the matter. An order for destruction or the actual event of destruction of the monument would arguably have been something he would have recorded had he heard about it.
Regardless of whether the Mormons actually dismantled the monument, later that same year (1861) there was torrential rain and snow that devastated parts of southern Utah and actually changed some of the landscape. If the monument was still standing prior to the heavy storms, it may not have been after the storms. In the following years, the monument was built up and torn down by various groups of people passing through.[5]
Question: What was Brigham Young's attitude toward the Mountain Meadows Massacre in 1861?
it is not known to what extent Brigham Young bought into different versions of the MMM story at different times
It should be kept in mind that it is not known to what extent Brigham Young bought into different versions of the MMM story at different times. The Iron County militia leaders spread a variety of propaganda which ranged from "The Indians did it", to "The Indians made us do it", to the massacred train were part of prior violent mob activity or "They were asking for it", to "They were threatening to bring an army back from California."[6] That sets up the background for an incident that occurred a couple of years later that Alexander covers:
Moreover, as late as 1861, Young still believed the stories of Baker/Fancher crimes which led to the massacre, in spite of his efforts to bring the perpetrators to trial. On visiting the massacre site in May 1861, Woodruff recorded Young's assessment that the plaque Carleton had erected on the mass grave which read: "Vengeance is mine and I will repay saith the Lord:' should read: "Vengence is mine and I (the Lord] have taken a little." Young clearly refused to take responsibility for the massacre. Later, the same month, Young told John D. Lee that the emigrants "Meritd their fate, & the only thing that ever troubled him was the lives of the Women & children, but that under the circumstances [this] could not be avoided."
Juanita Brooks and her co-editor of the John D. Lee diaries find the entry below to be evidence of Brigham Young's complicity in the post massacre cover-up.
Pres. Young Said that the company that was usede up at the Mountain Meadowes were the Fathers, Mothe[rs], Bros., Sisters & connections of those that Muerders the Prophets; they Meritd their fate, & the only thing that ever troubled him was the lives of the Women & children, but that under the circumstances [this] could not be avoided. Although there had been [some?] that wantd to betreyed the Brethrn into the hands of their Enimies, for that thing [they] will be Damned & go down to Hell. I would be Glad to see one of those traitors, though I [don't] Suppose that there is any here now. They have ran away, & when he came to the Monument that contained their Bones, he made this remark, Vengeance is Mine Saith the Lord, & I have taken a little of it.[7]
Brigham was angered that blame for this massacre was being placed on him and the whole church
Since Brigham Young did not know all the details of the massacre at this date, his determination to protect the Church from those who would use the actions of a few—which, because of the lies and half-truths he had been told, he probably believed to have been justified at this point—to attack or prosecute all members in the territory make his decision understandable.
He was angered that blame for this massacre was being placed on him and the whole church. While he did not yet know all of the details, he certainly knew that he and the majority of the Latter-day Saints were innocent. Furthermore, he did not like Carleton as Carleton showed great animosity and contempt toward the Mormons, writing an extremely mean-spirited report about the massacre site. (For more information see: Mountain Meadows: The Aftermath.)
- ↑ Richard Abanes, One Nation Under Gods, Endnote 103, page 567 (hardback); page 565 (paperback)
- ↑ Typescript of the Lorenzo Brown Journals is at Brigham Young University, page 294 of transcript; cited by Turley, Walker and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, ?..
- ↑ {CHC1|vol=4|pages=176, note}}; also cited by Turley, Walker and Leonard, Massacre at Mountain Meadows, [citation needed]..
- ↑ Robert Glass Cleland and Juanita Brooks, eds., A Mormon Chronicle: The Diaries of John D. Lee 1848-1876, 2 vols. (San Marino, California: The Huntington Library, 1955. Reprinted Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1983), 1:311-312.(dated May 25th [24th, 1861]).
- ↑ James G. Bleak, Annals of the Southern Utah Mission (25 December 1861 and January-February 1862), 113-114.
- ↑ This section is derived, with permission, from David Keller, "Thomas Alexander's Arrington Lecture on the MMM," fairblog (16 January 2008). Due to the nature of a wiki project, it may have had alterations and additions since that time.
- ↑ Robert Glass Cleland and Juanita Brooks, eds., A Mormon Chronicle: The Diaries of John D. Lee 1848-1876, 2 vols. (San Marino, California: The Huntington Library, 1955. Reprinted Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1983), 1:314.(dated May 25th [24th, 1861]).


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Indications & Important Safety Information
Teriparatide Injection is a prescription medicine used in both men and postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who are at high risk for having bone fractures—defined as those who have had a fracture related to osteoporosis, who are at high risk for fracture, or who cannot use other osteoporosis treatments. It is also used for treating osteoporosis associated with glucocorticoid medicines, such as prednisone, in patients who are at high risk for fracture.
Important Safety Information
Do not use Teriparatide Injection if you are allergic to any of its ingredients. Serious allergic reactions may occur.
Before taking Teriparatide Injection, inform your healthcare provider if you have a bone disease other than osteoporosis, have cancer in your bones, have trouble injecting yourself, are a child or young adult whose bones are still growing, have or have had kidney stones, have had radiation therapy, have been diagnosed with too much calcium in your blood, are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed, or have any other medical conditions. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, especially medicines that contain digoxin.
Teriparatide can cause serious side effects, including a decrease in blood pressure upon changing positions. Dizziness, accelerated heartbeat, or a feeling of faintness may occur, usually within four hours of taking Teriparatide Injection, and typically subside within a few hours. You should not use Teriparatide Injection for more than two years during your lifetime.
Other side effects include nausea, vomiting, constipation, low energy, joint aches, pain, leg cramps, or muscle weakness, which may be signs of too much calcium in your blood.
Injection site reactions can include pain, swelling and bruising.
If symptoms persist, stop taking Teriparatide Injection and call your healthcare provider.
Visit www.fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088 to report any additional negative side effects to the FDA.
For additional safety information, please see the Medication Guide and Prescribing Information, including the full User Manual which accompanies the delivery device.


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Correspondence Chess in Britain and Ireland 1824 – 1987
By Tim Harding
McFarland, 433 pages, Softcover £43.95
BOOK REVIEW By Neil Limbert
I have been looking forward to the publication of this book for what seems like quite a long time! Ever since I knew Tim Harding was preparing such a project I have been eagerly anticipating the result and hoped I would not disappointed. The good news is that it was well worth the wait: this book is simply excellent! It is a repository of facts and other information gleaned from meticulous research using primary sources of material where possible such as manuscripts, newspaper columns, books and other articles. The book also contains over 180 annotated games and, above all, a well-written wonderful story that should gladden the heart of any correspondence player.
Tim Harding is a BCCA member and an ICCF Senior International Master. Author of numerous chess books including The Games of the World Correspondence Chess Championship I-X, 64 Great Chess Games and The Write Move, he is probably best known to international CC players as the Editor of Chess Mail which ran from 1996 – 2005 and which is still sadly missed. The last few years have been spent studying for his Ph.D. Degree in History at the University of Dublin and his Doctorate was obtained in 2009. This book is partly based upon the work he began with his doctoral dissertation.
The dates in the Title have been chosen deliberately. 1824 was the date of the London – Edinburgh CC match which effectively began the era of postal chess and, in 1987, the Great Britain team won the ICCF Olympiad Gold Medal to become World Team Champions, thus providing a fitting conclusion to the book. The 433 pages are divided in 19 Chapters, 4 appendices, 20 pages of chapter notes and 5 different indexes! Tim is nothing if not thorough.
The 19 Chapters are as follows:-
- Capital Letters: Edinburgh versus London, 1824-1828
- Heyday of the Inter-club Matches
- Penny Post and Private Matches
- Moves Over the Wires: Chess Adopts Technology
- The Earliest Postal Tournaments 1853 – 1870
- Changing Times: The 1870s and 1880s
- "A Battle at Long Range": The United Kingdom versus the United States, 1877- 1881
- The Growth of Tournaments, 1870 to 1897
- Scottish Correspondence Chess to 1918
- Irish and Welsh Correspondence Chess to 1918
- The English Scene, 1890 to 1918
- From One War to the Next, 1918 to 1939
- Correspondence Chess During World War II
- International Revival, 1946 to 1951
- Domestic Competitions, 1946 to 1970
- Crisis and Resolution: Britain and the International Correspondence
- Chess Federation, 1951 to 1971
- The Home Front: The 1970s and 1980s
- Growth and Success, 1972 to 1982
- Becoming World Champions
It is worth following the chapter notes to every chapter detailing not only the source of the information but often also adding extra titbits of knowledge. The amount of research required for this mammoth undertaking can only be marvelled at.
It is not easy to select favourite chapters but Chapter One takes some beating. All 5 games of this extraordinary match are annotated (including the decisive game in great depth) and the background detail brought the match to life for me. Photographs of actual correspondence together with vivid portrayals of the personalities involved enhance the enjoyment of the writing.
Chapter 4 was a personal favourite as I knew next to nothing about early telegraphy but it has inspired me to seek more information about the "Victorian Internet". This book is more than just chess as it also provides a good background in the social and cultural aspects of the time, particularly in the 19th century.
Of especial interest are the numerous references to the BCCA. The author has uncovered new information about the history of our Association which sheds new light on several aspects of our past. For example, the original name of the BCCA was "The Capital and Counties Correspondence Chess Association" although this name was short-lived. The list of BCCA & British CC Champions has been re-written following discoveries of fresh information. The Rev P.Wolfers was not BCCA Champion in 1909 (see our 2009 Yearbook where I erroneously quoted that he was) although he certainly was a Section Prize winner that year, as quoted on the Wolfers Medal. The author has also finally tidied up the mystery of the missing British Championship winner from the late 1930's.
Chapter 16 was a revelation to me. As the BCCA Archivist I have access to all the BCCA Minutes and old magazines so I thought I had a pretty clear picture of what happened during the early 1960's which led to the formation of the BCCS and the BPCF. However, my understanding was awry and the full account provided has turned my previous thoughts on their head.
I had always assumed (wrongly) that, once the BCCA got going in the 1920's, it has continually been the largest CC body in the UK. So the accounts of the Referee CC Club (1920's & 1930's) and the Postal Chess Club (1943- 1992) were a considerable surprise to me. At times, both these organisations were larger than the BCCA.
No review would be fair without some mild criticism. Many of the crosstables in the book are not in place order so you have to look quite carefully – I have never liked finished crosstables that don't show the winner at the top. The author speaks of a "bygone age in intellectual sport" which is a premature to say the least – I for one continue to enjoy my correspondence chess. And all books contain errors, even the best of them. Page 370 states that the "British Veterans Championship was inaugurated by Peter Gibbs". This is incorrect; the original TD was Alan Stacey before Peter took over. The BFCC Minutes of 7/6/1997 simply state that "the meeting considered a suggestion to implement a Veteran's Championship" but they don't say whose idea it was. But Peter has confirmed to me that it certainly wasn't him.
However, these minor criticisms in no way detract from my overriding impressions of the book. The cost is quite high but, considering the years of research, the amount of detail and the overall quality of the product, then this book is worth every penny! It belongs in the library of every chess lover, and every history lover. I strongly recommend this book to every BCCA member.


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Einstein was right. I love it. If a gravitational wave, which is 10,000 times smaller than the diameter of a proton, can be measured and can be significant, the slightest touch with the right intention can create a dramatic change in someone's health. The physical response to input such as human touch is often reported as "surprising" or "shocking." We have a hard time believing that something so simple can "work." In Chaos Theory it is understood that the smallest incremental changes can produce measurable effects. This, too, was surprising because we have believed that only big efforts can produce big results. In working with the body, I have found that often the lightest touch can produce far greater effects than a heavy hand.
As a culture, we put great emphasis on the measurable, on the visible. That which moves us most profoundly, however, we can't see or explain: love, loss, faith, spirit. The proof that gravity does, in fact, move in waves demonstrates that simply because something has not yet been measured or proven does not mean that it isn't so.
"In recent decades, inroads have been made into understanding these complex patterns which characterize living things. One major discovery in the mathematics of complex phenomena is that complex patterns can arise from simple causes. A number of factors seem to be required: time irreversibly, far-from-equilibrium structures, self-similarity on different scales, repeated feedback or iterations, and non-linearity. Given these conditions simple mathematical equations can produce a wide variety of complex patterns which resemble those seen in living nature. Living things, conversely, conform to all of these conditions. Time is irreversible; all living things age and die. Life maintains itself far from equilibrium; the form is relatively stable while the material constituents are constantly being replaced, with a steady supply of energy from the environment in the form of food, air and sensory stimulation. Living things make extensive use of self-similar structures: the branchings of bronchial tubes, blood vessels, and neurons allow interpenetration and intermixing of different substances needed for metabolism. Repeated and complex feedback is one of the most salient features of the living world, from the fact that everything eats and is eaten to the complex interactions that characterize social structures. And non-linearity, provided by the basic dimensions of the world, is the rule: a moment of passion can produce a new being, a step off the edge of a cliff can kill a man and one incident can trigger a world war."
-Christian Wertenbaker Parabola Magazine, Spring 1999
Living systems are decidedly non linear. Much of modern medicine, however, views and treats people and bodies as linear structures that are mechanical. Bodies are complex, dynamic, and often unpredictable. There are an infinite number of variables that affect one's health and well being, but that is messy and hard to study. It is easier to view the body as a series of mechanical and chemical interactions yet this approach fails to take into account the fundamentally energetic, intangible, and unpredictable nature of a living system.
In Bio Geometric Integration, a holistic approach to chiropractic care, we teach that the body can be seen as a tensegrity structure.
The video demonstrates how impact is dispersed throughout the tensegrity structure. It has two implications. First, any experience that we have, whether physical, emotional, chemical, happy, sad, good, etc will affect the body as a whole, not just in the "area of impact." We know this to be true experientially. When we receive bad news over the phone, we feel it in our gut, our knees weaken, breath becomes shallow, our heart races, our throat constricts. The trauma is not localized to the ear, the part that "received the news." When we eat a healthy meal, the effects are global, as are the effects of eating a giant plate of junk food. If one experiences a physical trauma, the effects are not limited to the area of impact, but can be felt all over the body. As a chiropractor, being aware of the tensegrity structure of the body I am conscious of the global impact my touch has, thus enriching the exchange between me and my clients. We teach these principles in our BGI Europe Posterior Seminars.
"I feel like I have been released from a prison of pain through your gentle chiropractic care." Vincenzo A. age 37
"Amy need not say in words what her hands always communicate in action: That our bodies are filled with so much good, waiting to be recognized and reintegrated with our consciousness." Theresa M. age 34
"I thought I would never see my sister in law again. She is bed ridden and lives on the second floor. Until I began to receive your care, I couldn't imagine climbing those stairs, much less do it. I spent last Sunday with her. Thank You." Antonia R. age 75
"I can't believe that this is actually how a neck is supposed to feel. I feel twenty years younger." Gaetano B age 62
"You have no idea what it feels like to be able to sleep through the night again." Nicola M. age 47
The comments that people share about their experience at Salute PNL remind me of the profound effect that my work has. The ramifications of that wave of energy being released begins as a small ripple, almost imperceptible, and grows into something very quantifiable in terms of changes in quality of life.
"There are two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle." Albert Einstein
In honor of Einstein's theory being validated, I will notice a few more miracles around me today, starting with those in my office.
Amy Burke, D.C. is a seasoned health professional. She is a chiropractor with over 15 years experience in clinical practice and has taught Bio Geometric Integration to chiropractors and students in the United States and Europe since 2000. An honors graduate of the University of California at Berkeley, she graduated with Doctor of Chiropractic from Life Chiropractic College West. Before becoming a chiropractor she worked as a massage therapist for ten years. Her practice has shifted from working predominantly with pregnant women and infants include a large base of seniors. Her clients have benefited greatly from the gentle care she provides based on the principles of Bio Geometric Integration. She currently resides and practices on the island of Pantelleria, Italy.