text:
On Monday, November 14th, Caprine Supply's new web site officially went online! The website address (URL) hasn't changed: www.caprinesupply.com.
We think you will really like the new pictures throughout the site and also the ease of browsing and shopping.
Because of security issues, we have been unable to import all of our customer data from our old web site. And we apologize in advance for any inconvenience this might cause. We need to maintain the highest levels of security, and this is the only way we could ensure the integrity and security of our data.
The first time you shop on our new site, you will be able to browse and select products as usual. When you come to checkout, you will be asked the following:
- Do you wish to log in (meaning you already are a Caprine Supply web customer),
- Do you wish to shop as a guest (you will not have the account advantages of a registered customer),
- Or do you wish to register as a Caprine Supply new web customer.
If you are a returning customer, you can log in with your email address. Since we cannot bring passwords over from our old site to our new site, you will need to click the "Forgot your password?" link below the login form and enter your email address. You should immediately receive an email with a new password. To change this password to one of your choice, log in with your new password, go to "My Account," and then click on "Account Information," where you will be able to change your password.
New customers or customers who wish to purchase as guests will need to fill in billing and shipping information before they can complete their purchase at checkout.
If you encounter any problems, please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com or call us toll-free at 1-800-646-7736.
We hope you enjoy our new web site, and we hope you will bear with us during the transition period as we move into the next exciting stage of our online store.
Caprine Supply
"Your Goat Supply Connection"


text: Kindle Love StoriesNovember 20, 2016Check out the video from Kindle Love Stories!Read moreOn WritingOctober 1, 2014Since I'm starting a new romantic suspense book – and new series – I decided to blog about the process…Read more50% off Print Books for a limited time on Amazon!July 2, 2014Is there much better than getting a book for 50% off the list price? YES! Getting the epub version for…Read moreSummer is HereJune 12, 2014Summer is here – time for vacations and kicking back with a good book! Speaking of books -- I have…Read moreSpring Has SprungApril 7, 2014Hi, everyone! I'm so excited that spring is in the air. With flowers starting to bloom and trees budding, so…Read moreFrom Kindle Love Stories: First Blush – Worth Dying For by Rita HerronMarch 26, 2014In this week's First Blush, Worth Dying For by Rita Herron may get your heart racing a little too fast,…Read moreBlog Post from Kindle Books and TipsJune 21, 2013Take a look at the new blog post on Kindle Books & Tips featuring THE BACHELOR PACT! Here are 14…Read moreNew Podcast!June 18, 2013Check out Rita's podcast interview on Kindle Love Stores! In this week's episode, our host Laura Roppé has authors Robin…Read moreThanks to My ReadersFebruary 28, 2013First of all, thanks to all my readers for your wonderful support! This year started with a bang with the…Read moreLunchtime ReadsJanuary 14, 2013Sometimes you just don't have time to read an entire book. So I wanted to share a special website that…Read moreThe Next Big Thing Blog Hop StopJanuary 2, 2013Welcome to this blog hop. What is a blog hop? Basically, it's a way that readers can discover new authors…Read moreFave Reads This YearNovember 19, 2012I've never been much of a blogger but with the launch of my new website and with so many new…Read moreCatching UpOctober 31, 2012Hi, everyone! This year has flown! In between welcoming a new grandson and granddaughter into the world, I've had my…Read more

subset: commoncrawl


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We're not only major insurers of art, but, for around fifty years now, we've been collectors and enablers of it as well.
We acquire works by living artists, and from time to time sponsor public exhibitions and college prizes. Our collection hangs in our offices and we believe it inspires our teams; most people take a second look and it's a guaranteed talking point whenever people come to see us.
Robert Hiscox
The Hiscox Collection
Owning art helps us enormously in our understanding of and ability to underwrite it, and is a good investment in its own right. Our collection includes works by renowned international artists such as David Hockney, Candida Hofer and Cecily Brown.
Whitney Hintz, our curator, manages the collection and keeps it moving between our offices around the world. She says: "It's exciting to work for a company that is so strongly affiliated with the arts. The Hiscox Collection reflects an ongoing support of both emerging and internationally renowned artists."
View our collection
Hiscox enjoys uncovering and encouraging emerging and existing talent, and has a collection including work by a strong selection of renowned international artists.
We're not only major insurers of art; we're also collectors and enablers of it as well.


text:
From Jérémy Froeliger, the Photographer:
"A tale of two hearts, who lovingly found one another despite time and distance. Olesia, from Russia, and Charles, from France, came together in Paris. Their fusion, in a world full of multicultural identities where boundaries are constantly being pushed, is made even greater by the strength of the love they share. And so, when we created their wedding theme, we knew straight away we would be dedicated to reflecting the union of their cultural values and the heritage of their countries, as well as bringing to life the vibrancy and inner worlds of these two-exceptional people in love. Thanks to an outstanding team of professionals, we were able to realize the dream an intimate marriage ceremony in front of the Louvre, where Olesia & Charles had had their first rendezvous – a truly special memory to bring to life. At the majestic Palais Royal, we held a photo shoot to capture the moment forever. This was followed by a festive dinner near a famous historical landmark – Place de Vosges. For this unique occasion, we chose to bring it to life with a color palette of white, nude, and light pinks. These offered a soft & truly elegant touch to the surroundings, refined and so Parisian. As with all events, I hope I was able to capture the enchanting mood of this amazing couple. From the elements selected to highlight their day to the photos capturing their new memories, we were able to help Olesia & Charles share their tremendous love for one another. From now on, you will be forever closer to Paris and love than ever before"
Bride and Groom: Olesia and Charles | Photographer: Jérémy Froeliger | Stylist/Planner: A & A Event | Floral Designer: Le Fancy Deco | Dress/Outfit Designer: Tasya Talitha | Hair and Makeup Artist: Jho Cruzat | Food/Dessert: Sweet Creations Cakes | Rentals: Vaisselle Vintage | Wedding Stationary: Graphikk Art | Car: Dream Car


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Monday, 1 January 2007
Project Start
Today, January 1st 2007, is the official project start of the ea-geier. A tool for online accounting on cash bases (Einnahmen-Ausgaben-Rechnung). The project is scheduled from January to October 2007. Some preliminary tasks have been started before. e.g. a wiki at http://www.ea-geier.at. More to come!!!
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Actress and acting coach Stella Adler (1901-1992) played a central role in the work of the Bergson Group during and after the Holocaust. Her parents, Sara and Jacob Adler, were stars of the early twentieth-century Yiddish...Read more →
Benjamin Akzin (1904-1985) was a staff member of the War Refugee Board and an advocate of U.S. air strikes on railways leading to the Auschwitz death camp and the gas chambers and crematoria within the camp. After...Read more →
In the wake of the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom, Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes began promoting a plan to use Alaska as a haven for Jewish refugees. Rich in natural resources but badly underpopulated,...Read more →
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U.S. Senator William Warren Barbour (1888-1943), an advocate for rescue of Jews from the Holocaust, had one of the most unusual backgrounds on Capitol Hill: in 1910, he became the national amateur heavyweight...Read more →
Alben W. Barkley (1877-1956), Democrat of Kentucky, served as Senate Majority Leader from 1937 and 1947 and then as vice president under Harry Truman from 1948 to 1952. Rabbi Meyer Berlin, a leader of the...Read more →
The Rev. Louis Bauman (1875-1950), pastor of the First Brethren Church of Long Beach, CA from 1913 to 1947, was one of the few prominent Christian theologians who sought to publicize the plight of the Jews...Read more →
Yitshaq Ben-Ami (1914-1985) helped smuggle Jews from Europe to Palestine in the 1930s, then became one of the leaders of the Bergson Group's campaigns in the United States for rescue of refugees and Jewish statehood. Born...Read more →
"The Bergson Group" was the name often used to refer to a series of political action committees in the United States during the 1940s that were headed by Hillel Kook, using the name Peter Bergson. The...Read more →
Despite the Bergson Group's high profile in the 1940s, it was almost entirely ignored as the narrative of the period began to take shape in the postwar years. Mainstream Jewish leaders who clashed with...Read more →
A rising tide of calls in the British parliament, media, and churches for Allied assistance to Jewish refugees in early 1943 prodded the British Foreign Office and the State Department to plan an Anglo-American conference...Read more →
Composer and conductor Leonard Bernstein (1918-1990) was a supporter of the Bergson Group. During the war years, Bernstein anxiously following the news about the slaughter of European Jewry. His symphony...Read more →
Hiram (Harry) Bingham IV (1903-1988) played a crucial role in the underground network led by Varian Fry that rescued Jewish and other refugees from Vichy France. Bingham's father, Hiram Bingham III,...Read more →
Sol Bloom (1870-1949), a congressman from New York, strongly supported the Roosevelt administration's policies on refugees and Palestine and undermined some Jewish groups' initiatives to promote rescue...Read more →
Beginning in the late spring of 1944, representatives of Jewish organizations in the United States, Europe, and British Mandatory Palestine began urging Allied officials to take military action to interrupt...Read more →
Dr. Isaiah Bowman (1878-1950) was a key adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on population settlement issues and strongly influenced the president's view of the Jewish refugee problem. He was widely...Read more →
Supreme Court Justice and American Zionist leader Louis D. Brandeis (1856-1941) tried but failed to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt to take a greater interest in the plight of German Jews in the 1930s. Brandeis...Read more →
Actor Marlon Brando (1924-2004) was one of the first public figures in post-World War II America to speak out about the failure of the Allies to aid Europe's Jews during the Holocaust. In the summer...Read more →
Charles A. Buckley (1890-1967), a Democratic congressman from New York, sought to open Alaska to Jewish refugees from the Nazis. First elected in 1934, Buckley represented his Bronx district on Capitol Hill...Read more →
In late 1941 and early 1942, Western diplomats and journalists received scattered information about Nazi massacres of many thousands of Jews in German-occupied Poland and Russia. But the news was difficult...Read more →
As president of Columbia University in the 1930s, Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler (1862-1947) sought to build friendly relations with Nazi Germany. In December 1933, Butler invited the Nazi German ambassador...Read more →
Women's rights activist Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947) spoke out strongly for U.S. action to help Jews who were persecuted by the Nazis. As president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association,...Read more →
U.S. Congressman Emanuel Celler (1888-1981) was one of the most outspoken voices on Capitol Hill for rescue of Jews from the Nazis. First elected to the House of Representatives from a heavily-Jewish...Read more →
The response of America's churches and other Christian religious institutions to the persecution of European Jews in the 1930s and 1940s was generally weak. Most American Christian leaders strongly...Read more →
Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States, on several occasions publicly referred to the failure of the United States to respond adequately to the plight of Europe's Jews during the Holocaust. At...Read more →
Shortly after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, Vladimir Ze'ev Jabotinsky, the leader of Revisionist Zionism, asked the British to create a Jewish armed force to take part in the war against Hitler....Read more →
Former First Lady Grace Coolidge (1879-1957) was a prominent supporter of the Wagner-Rogers legislation of 1939, which would have admitted 20,000 German refugee children to the United States outside the quota...Read more →
Oscar S. Cox (1905-1966), an official in the Roosevelt administration, helped Treasury Department staffers in their behind the scenes efforts to promote the rescue of Jewish refugees. From 1941 to 1943,...Read more →
While he was a student at Stanford University in 1934, future U.S. Senator Alan Cranston (1914-2000) visited Germany. He was appalled by German totalitarianism and antisemitism. After graduating from Stanford...Read more →
Thomas L. J. D'Alesandro (1903-1987), a member of Congress in the 1940s, supported the Bergson Group's campaigns for rescue of refugees and Jewish statehood. D'Alesandro, a Democrat, was a member of the House...Read more →
Thomas E. Dewey (1902-1971), governor of New York and unsuccessful Republican presidential nominee, was the first candidate for the White House to raise the Nazi persecutions and Zionism as campaign issues. Dewey...Read more →
Samuel Dickstein (1885-1954), a Democratic congressman from New York, challenged the Roosevelt administration's failure to aid European Jewry. Dickstein served eleven consecutive terms in the House...Read more →
William E. Dodd (1869-1940), a University of Chicago historian, was chosen by President Franklin D. Roosevelt's as ambassador to Germany in June 1933, four months after Adolf Hitler rose to power. The president...Read more →
Treasury Department official Josiah E. DuBois, Jr. (1912-1983) was instrumental in exposing the State Department's suppression of news about the Holocaust and obstruction of opportunities for rescue. A...Read more →
State Department official James C. Dunn (1890-1979) played a key role in suppressing news about the mass murder of the Jews and obstructing opportunities for rescue. Dunn, an official in the State...Read more →
In the United States during the Holocaust, most Episcopal leaders, like most leaders of other church denominations, refrained from speaking out about the Jews' plight. But there were important exceptions. Two...Read more →
The plight of Austria's Jews in the aftermath of the Anschluss generated pressure from some Members of Congress and journalists for U.S. intervention. State Department officials decided to "get out in front...Read more →
Teenage Holocaust diarist Anne Frank (1929-1945) is the single best-known individual victim of the Nazi genocide. Her experiences, and those of her family, also figure into the history of America's response...Read more →
Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter (1882-1965) was close to President Franklin D. Roosevelt but was reluctant to raise matters of Jewish concern with the president. Born in Vienna and raised in New York...Read more →
As a freshman at Smith College in 1938, Betty Friedan (1921-2006), a future leader of American feminism, unexpectedly found herself embroiled in the debate over the plight of Germany's Jews. In the wake...Read more →
During the months following the German conquest of France in June 1940, thousands of refugees, including both French Jews and exiled German Jews, fled to southern France to avoid capture by the Nazis....Read more →
James W. Gerard (1867-1951), attorney and diplomat, was an outspoken critic of Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews. Gerard, who served as U.S. ambassador to Germany from 1913 to 1917, spoke at a number...Read more →
Guy M. Gillette (1879-1973), a three-term U.S. Senator from Iowa, was one of the most vigorous advocates in Congress for the rescue of Jewish refugees. Gillette, a Democrat, was an active supporter...Read more →
German Jewish refugee artist Eric Godal (1899-1969) drew political cartoons for various American publications in the 1930s and 1940s, often focusing on the plight of Jews under the Nazis. Born Erich...Read more →
Nahum Goldmann (1895-1992), a senior official of several Jewish organizations, was at the center of Jewish political activity during the Holocaust years, including efforts in 1944 to persuade the Allies...Read more →
Dr. Israel Goldstein (1896-1986), a Conservative rabbi, served as president of the Synagogue Council of America, and co-chairman of the American Jewish Conference, during the Holocaust years. Although...Read more →
After completing traditional yeshiva studies and earning a law degree in Vilna, Noah Golinkin (1914-2003) emigrated from his native Poland to the United States in 1938. He earned a master's degree in American...Read more →
New York Post columnist Samuel Grafton (1907-1997) was a strong proponent of U.S. government action to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. In the spring of 1944, Grafton authored a series of columns advocating...Read more →
Dr. Frank Porter Graham (1886-1972) was a professor of history who served as president of the University of North Carolina from 1930 until 1949. During the 1930s, he became active in the Emergency Committee...Read more →
Labor Zionist activist Hayim Greenberg (1889-1953) was among the most severe critics of the American Jewish community's response to news of the Holocaust. Greenberg grew up in Russia but emigrated...Read more →
Louis D. Gross (1885-1964) was a congregational rabbi and newspaper publisher who riled mainstream Jewish leaders with his spirited calls for U.S. action to aid refugees. Rabbi Gross was spiritual...Read more →
Dutch playwright Jan de Hartog (1914-2002) used the voyage of the refugee ship St. Louis to inspire some of his countrymen to hide Jewish children from the Nazis. The son of a Dutch Calvinist Minister,...Read more →
Media magnate William Randolph Hearst (1863-1951) strongly supported the campaign for U.S. action to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. In his early years, Hearst occasionally uttered the kind of antisemitic...Read more →
Author, playwright and Hollywood screenwriter Ben Hecht (1894-1964) was a leading activist for the rescue of European Jews from the Holocaust and creation of a Jewish State. The son of Russian Jewish...Read more →
Rabbi Dr. Arthur Hertzberg (1921-2006), a prominent Jewish leader and civil rights activist who took part in the 1963 March on Washington with Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., also participated in the 1943...Read more →
Herbert Hoover (1874-1964), the 31st president of the United States, spoke out for U.S. aid to Jewish refugees in the 1930s and 1940s. A mining engineer by profession, Hoover's path to the 1928 Republican...Read more →
Comedian Bob Hope (1903-2003) was one of a number of prominent entertainers who volunteered to take part in a fundraising event at Madison Square Garden for the Bergson Group's Emergency Committee to Save...Read more →
Rabbi Levi Yitzchak Horowitz (1921-2009), better known as the Bostoner Rebbe, was one of the 400 rabbis who took part in the 1943 march to the White House to urge the rescue of European Jews. At...Read more →
In late 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent a Beirut-born U.S. army officer, Lt. Col. Harold Hoskins, to the Middle East to canvass Arab opinion. Hoskins's final report to the president, the following...Read more →
Laura Delano Houghteling, first cousin of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and wife of the United States Commissioner of Immigration, strongly opposed the immigration of Jewish refugees to the United States. Houghteling's...Read more →
Author and poet Langston Hughes (1902-1967) was one of a number of prominent African-American supporters of the Bergson Group. He served as one of the honorary "Sponsors" of the group's Emergency Conference...Read more →
As secretary of state under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Cordell Hull (1871-1955) faithfully implemented the Roosevelt administration's policy of refraining from any substantial action to aid Jews...Read more →
Novelist Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) was one of a number of prominent African-American supporters of the Bergson Group. She served as one of the honorary "Sponsors" of the group's Emergency Conference...Read more →
As secretary of the interior under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harold L. Ickes (1874-1952) repeatedly found himself at odds with the president over U.S. policy toward Europe's Jews. A draft of a speech...Read more →
The National Origins Immigration bills of 1921 and 1924 imposed severe limits on immigration to the United States, reversing the nation's tradition of welcoming the downtrodden from around the world. In...Read more →
While visiting the United States in 1943, Leib Jaffe (1876-1948), an editor and poet from Palestine, sought to galvanize American Jewish leaders to respond more energetically to the slaughter of European...Read more →
By the time he was 26, Jan Karski had been imprisoned by the Soviets, tortured by the Gestapo, and nearly drowned while escaping from a hospital in German-occupied Slovakia. Had he chosen then to end his service...Read more →
Fiorello La Guardia, the feisty mayor of New York City from 1934 to 1945, spoke out forcefully against Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews, despite political risks and the dangers faced by his own sister,...Read more →
Carl Laemmle (1867-1939), a German Jewish immigrant to the United States, was a successful Hollywood producer who helped several hundred German Jews reached the United States during the Hitler era. Universal...Read more →
As governor of Kansas, Alf Landon (1887-1987) was an early critic of the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany, publicly condemning "the inhuman treatment now accorded the Jews in Germany" in 1933. By contrast,...Read more →
William Langer (1886-1959), Republican of North Dakota, served in the U.S. Senate from 1940 to 1959. He was a strong supporter of Jewish statehood and American action to rescue Jewish refugees. Langer...Read more →
As a young journalist in 1943, Melvin J. Lasky (1920-2004) authored an unusually stinging critique of the Allies' response to the Holocaust. Writing in the pages of The New Leader (of which he was literary...Read more →
As Franklin D. Roosevelt's lieutenant governor of New York from 1928 to 1932, Herbert H. Lehman (1878-1963) enjoyed some access to FDR as president but seldom used it. In the early 1930s, Lehman occasionally...Read more →
The Allied armies dashing toward Berlin in the spring of 1945 stumbled upon Germany's extensive network of concentration camps. But when America's newspapers, radio broadcasters, and newsreel editors reported...Read more →
Aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974), a national hero for making the first solo transatlantic flight, later caused controversy by making extreme isolationist and antisemitic remarks which both outraged...Read more →
Mrs. Margaret Ashton Stimson Lindsley (1889-1956), better known as Lorna Lindsley, was a globetrotting journalist and activist whose causes including aiding Jewish refugees in occupied France. A cousin...Read more →
Although he was one of the most influential and widely-read journalists in America during the 1930s and 1940s, syndicated columnist Walter Lippmann (1889-1974) refrained from writing about the persecution...Read more →
As Assistant Secretary of State from 1940 to 1944, Samuel Breckinridge Long (1881-1958) was the senior official responsible for implementing the Roosevelt administration's policies regarding European Jewry...Read more →
Republican congresswoman Clare Booth Luce (1903-1987) was an outspoken supporter of rescue and Jewish statehood. A child actress, then a successful playwright and journalist, Clare married the influential...Read more →
Hungarian-American movie actor Bela Lugosi (1882-1956), best known for his role as Dracula, took part in protests against the persecution of European Jewry. Because of his union activism, Lugosi was compelled...Read more →
There have been a number of public controversies concerning the ways in which some historians and museums have portrayed the life and work of refugee advocate James G. McDonald. McDonald kept extensive...Read more →
James G. McDonald (1886-1964), scholar, journalist, and diplomat, served as the League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Coming from Germany from 1933 to 1935, was a member of the U.S. delegation...Read more →
During World War II, future U.S. senator and Democratic presidential nominee George McGovern flew bombing missions near Auschwitz. McGovern (1922-2012), a pilot of a B-24 "Liberator" plane in the 455th...Read more →
Golda Meir (1898-1978), as a leader of the Palestine Jewish community, was on several occasions involved in significant episodes related to America's response to the Holocaust. In 1938, Meir, then...Read more →
During World War II, the Roosevelt administration established a government commission, nicknamed the Monuments Men, to rescue historic paintings and monuments in war zones. Refugee advocates urged the administration...Read more →
Henry Morgenthau, Jr. (1891-1967), the only Jewish member of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's cabinet and FDR's closest Jewish friend, enjoyed regular access to the president and belatedly used it to advance...Read more →
Actor Paul Muni (1895-1967) was an active supporter of the Bergson Group's campaigns for Holocaust rescue and Jewish statehood. A native of Austria, Muni (born Frederich Weisenfreund) came to the United...Read more →
U.S. Senator James E. Murray (1876-1961), Democrat of Montana, strongly supported the Bergson Group's campaign for U.S. action to rescue European Jewry. Murray was an unlikely ally of the Jews. He was elected...Read more →
The Nation, a leading U.S. political affairs weekly, spoke out early and vociferously for government action to rescue Europe's Jews. After the 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom in Germany, the journal called...Read more →
Historian and Zionist activist Benzion Netanyahu (1910-2012), who came to British Mandatory Palestine as a child after World War I, became active in Vladimir Ze'ev Jabotinsky's Revisionist Zionist...Read more →
While most major American magazines and newspapers buried or ignored news about the Nazi genocide, a significant exception was the weekly political magazine New Republic, which challenged the Roosevelt...Read more →
Throughout World War II, the American news media published and broadcast timely, detailed, and accurate accounts of what was happening to the Jews in Europe. The New York Times alone printed nearly 1,200...Read more →
Louis I. Newman (1893-1972) received his rabbinical ordination from Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, and served as Wise's assistant rabbi at the Free Synagogue, in New York City, before becoming the spiritual leader...Read more →
David K. Niles (1892-1952), the son of Polish Jewish immigrants (their family name was Neyhaus), came to Washington as the personal assistant of White House aide Harry Hopkins. In 1942, Niles was appointed...Read more →
On November 8, 1942, American and British forces, under the command of U.S. General Dwight Eisenhower, invaded Nazi-occupied Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. It took the Allies just eight days to defeat...Read more →
In 1931, two years before the Nazis rose to power, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) awarded the 1936 Olympic games to Germany. After Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, anti-Nazi activists...Read more →
Soon after the United States entered World War II, the Roosevelt administration began planning for the arrest and postwar prosecution of Nazi war criminals. Even at that early stage, the Allies knew enough...Read more →
Frances C. Perkins (1880-1965), the first woman to serve in an American president's cabinet, was one of the few cabinet members who sought to promote the rescue of Jews from Nazi Germany. Perkins, who had served...Read more →
More than one thousand Jews fleeing the Nazis on the eve of the Holocaust found refuge in the Philippines, a United States territory. The rescue plan grew out of an unusual personal friendship between...Read more →
Former Roosevelt administration official Henry F. Pringle (1897-1958) was active in the Bergson Group's campaigns challenging U.S. policy on Jewish refugees. A newspaper reporter who later become a professor...Read more →
Joseph Proskauer (1877-1971), who served as president of the American Jewish Committee during the 1940s, staunchly opposed any Jewish criticism of the Roosevelt administration's refugee policy. Raised...Read more →
In the autumn of 1943, members of Congress introduced a Bergson Group-authored resolution urging creation of a government agency to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. The battle over the resolution played...Read more →
A telegram from the World Jewish Congress representative in Geneva to Western leaders played a significant role in revealing the Holocaust to the Free World. During the spring and summer of 1942, the WJC official,...Read more →
Actor Edward G. Robinson (1893-1973) was a supporter of the Bergson Group's campaign for Holocaust rescue. Robinson, whose original name was Emanuel Goldenberg, was born in Romania. Fleeing antisemitic...Read more →
Congressman Will Rogers, Jr. (1911-1993) was a vigorous advocate of U.S. action to rescue Europe's Jews, and was closely associated with the Bergson Group. Rogers, the son of the famous entertainer,...Read more →
First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt (1884-1962) tried on several occasions, without success, to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt to soften his positions regarding Jewish refugees. Mrs. Roosevelt,...Read more →
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 to 1945, a period coinciding with the Nazi persecution of European Jewry. Roosevelt's response to the plight...Read more →
Samuel I. Rosenman (1896-1973), a justice of the New York State Supreme Court and prominent member of the American Jewish Committee, was a senior speechwriter and adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt,...Read more →
During the 1930s, boxing champion Barney Ross (1909-1967) became wildly popular among American Jews, who saw him as an antidote to the stereotypical image of Jews as physically unfit. Later Ross publicly...Read more →
George Herman "Babe" Ruth, the legendary baseball slugger, participated in a protest by German-Americans against the Nazi persecution of Europe's Jews. The protest was organized by Dorothy Thompson...Read more →
The Rev. Waitstill and Martha Sharp, a Unitarian couple from Massachusetts, traveled to Europe in the 1930s to rescue Jews and other refugees from the Nazis. Working in German-occupied Czechoslovakia in 1939,...Read more →
Proposals by refugee advocates to bring European Jews to the United States during World War II were often rejected by Roosevelt administration officials on the grounds that ships were not available. One official...Read more →
Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik (1903-1993), longtime head of Yeshiva University's rabbinical school and the preeminent figure in shaping of Modern Orthodox Judaism, was one of the 400 rabbis who marched...Read more →
Andrew L. Somers (1895-1949), a twelve-term congressman from New York, was an active supporter of the Bergson Group's campaigns for rescue and statehood. Somers, a Democrat, was first elected to Congress...Read more →
In the aftermath of Kristallnacht, large numbers of Jews sought to flee Nazi Germany. A ship called the St. Louis, carrying 930 German Jewish refugees, set sail from Hamburg in May 1939. The passengers...Read more →
U.S. diplomat Laurence Steinhardt (1892-1950) helped impede the immigration of East European Jews to America in 1940-1941, although he later helped facilitate the escape of Jewish refugees from Hitler...Read more →
Barbara McDonald Stewart chronicled the efforts of her father, James G. McDonald, to aid refugees from Nazism and also assisted him in his post as ambassador to Israel. In 1933, McDonald, a foreign...Read more →
Henry Stimson (1867-1950) served as secretary of war under President Franklin D. Roosevelt from 1940 to 1945. He often opposed U.S. action to aid Europe's Jews during the Holocaust. Stimson justified...Read more →
English author Jan Struther (1901-1953), on a visit to the United States in 1943, publicly challenged the American public to take a greater interest in the plight of Jewish refugees. Struther created...Read more →
Painter and illustrator Arthur Szyk (1894-1951) used his art both to aid the Allied war effort and to promote the rescue of Jews from the Holocaust. In the 1930s, Szyk created a Passover Haggadah which...Read more →
U.S. Senator Robert A. Taft (1889-1953), Republican of Ohio, played a leading role in congressional initiatives promoting the rescue of Jewish refugees and the creation of a Jewish state. Taft opposed...Read more →
Statements made by William Temple (1881-1944), the Archbishop of Canterbury, in support of rescuing Jewish refugees played a role in the debate in the United States over rescue policy. In a series...Read more →
U.S. Senator Elbert D. Thomas (1883-1953), Democrat of Utah and former Mormon missionary, was an outspoken advocate of rescue of Jews from the Holocaust. Thomas grew up in Salt Lake City in the late...Read more →
Journalist Dorothy Thompson (1893-1961) spoke out vigorously against the persecution of Jews by the Nazis. As chief of the Berlin bureau of the New York Post in the late 1920s and early 1930s, Thompson...Read more →
Cyrus Vance (1917-2002) served as secretary of state from 1977 to 1980, in the administration of Jimmy Carter. While visiting the Yad Vashem Holocaust center on February 16, 1977, Vance took note of a display...Read more →
Journalist and civil rights activist Oswald Villard (1872-1949) added his name to several public protests on behalf of European Jewry. Born in Germany but raised in the United States, Villard was one of fifty...Read more →
Rudolf Vrba (1924-2006), one of the few prisoners to escape from Auschwitz, brought news of the death camp to the free world and helped galvanize the calls for an Allied bombing of the site. On April...Read more →
In early 1939, in response to the Kristallnacht pogrom, U.S. Senator Robert Wagner (D-New York) and Rep. Edith Rogers (R-Massachusetts) introduced legislation to admit 20,000 German--presumably Jewish--children...Read more →
As vice president from 1941 to 1945, Henry A. Wallace (1888-1965) showed little interest in the plight of Europe's Jews. Palestine Zionist leader Rabbi Meyer Berlin, visiting Washington in February...Read more →
Swedish businessman Raoul Wallenberg (1912 - ?), with financial backing from the U.S. War Refugee Board, rescued many thousands of Jews in German-occupied Budapest in 1944-1945. Wallenberg was recruited...Read more →
The work of the War Refugee Board in 1944-1945 represented the only official effort by the United States government to help rescue Jews from the Holocaust. The Board was handicapped from the outset...Read more →
To alert the American public about of European Jewry, screenwriter and Bergson Group activist Ben Hecht in 1943 authored a dramatic pageant called "We Will Never Die." On a stage featuring forty foot-high...Read more →
Internationally renowned composer Kurt Weill (1900-1950), exiled from Nazi Germany, used his talents to promote rescue of refugees and Jewish statehood. Weill, who is best remembered for such classics...Read more →
Rabbi Michael Dov Weissmandl (1903-1957) was the first European Jewish leader to urge Allied leaders to bomb Auschwitz and the railway lines leading to it. Weissmandl (1903-1957) grew up in Slovakia...Read more →
As undersecretary of state from 1937 to 1943, Sumner Welles (1892-1961) played a significant role in the shaping and implementation of the Roosevelt administration's policy toward European Jewry. The...Read more →
While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy, by Arthur D. Morse, was the first book written about America's response to the Holocaust. In the aftermath of World War II, Franklin Roosevelt...Read more →
Wendell Willkie, the 1940 Republican presidential nominee, spoke out on behalf of rescuing Jewish refugees and creating a Jewish state. Willkie (1892-1944) was an early endorser of the Bergson Group's...Read more →
British stockbroker Nicholas Winton rescued more than 600 Czech children, most of them Jews, and brought them to England in 1939 after the Roosevelt administration refused to admit them to the United...Read more →
Rabbi Dr. Stephen S. Wise (1874-1949) was the most prominent and influential Jewish leader of his time. He headed an array of communal institutions, including two major defense groups, the American Jewish...Read more →
David S. Wyman, the grandson of two Protestant ministers, was born in Weymouth, Massachusetts, in 1929, and raised in Auburndale, Massachusetts. He graduated from Boston University with a bachelor's...Read more →
Szmul (Shmuel) Zygielbojm (1895-1943), a Jewish member of the Polish government in exile, took his own life in protest against the Allies' abandonment of European Jewry. Zygielbojm, a leader of the Jewish...Read more →


text:
Best Short Films 2017
Here we have the greatest short films in order. the three winners for the last year …
Tolfa Short Movie Festival
More musicians and also teachers in comparison to ever are actually utilizing motion pictures, video recordings, and also animations for different objectives varying coming from education, craft, and also market. To additionally the Bridges Company objectives, we proceed our initiatives to offer individuals to innovative and also integrative procedures in the fields of maths as well as craft. A reasonably brand-new place hereof is The Bridges Short Movie Celebration. Underground online fine art collective Steakhouse Live is back along with its own most determined celebration but. Showing 25 performers for three days from rowdy, sensuous and also intriguing performances. The Bridges Short Movie Festival is worked with through acclaimed musician…


text:
Earth Changes
Hunt for oil slicks boosted by free satellite images
New Scientist
Mon, 08 Dec 2008 18:31 UTC
Detecting natural oil slicks is useful for several reasons. For starters, geologists use them as starting points for finding marine stores of fossil fuels. In addition, the seeps give rise to unique seafloor ecosystems that live off the hydrocarbons. The specially adapted plants and animals could inspire new ways of controlling the damage caused by oil spills.
It is important to track seeps because the oil can eventually disintegrate, causing carbon to enter the atmosphere - possibly influencing climate change, says John Amos, director of environmental awareness organisation SkyTruth and former NASA scientist.
Traditionally, researchers have used satellite radar instruments to detect natural oil slicks. As oil rises to the surface in small bubbles (see video of oil leaking out of a second world war oil tanker), it spreads out in a thin layer at the surface. This dampens the waves, creating a distinctive glint that can be spotted by radar.
Daily checks
However, the layer often disintegrates within two days, and a single satellite image of such natural slick can cost thousands of US dollars. Adding to the complications, the satellite has to be in the right place at the right time to catch it, making radar impractical for continuous monitoring.
Still, satellites with radar instruments typically revisit the potential seep hotspots on Earth every eight to 16 days. "The images are sporadic and expensive, and therefore nobody could monitor them on a daily basis," says Chuanmin Hu at the University of South Florida.
Hu and colleagues say that an instrument called MODIS, which is already aboard two NASA satellites, and whose images are freely available online, could be used instead.
MODIS detects a much broader spectrum of wavelengths, including the visible range. Together, the two satellites scan the entire surface of the planet roughly once every day.
The team studied MODIS images of the north-western Gulf of Mexico taken at intervals of just a few hours. They found that when the images captured the glint of the sun on the ocean surface, oil slicks were clearly visible, despite the lower resolution of MODIS images compared to satellite radar images.
Seaweed slicks
Conditions have to be just right for the oil slicks to stand out using MODIS, but even when this is taken into account, Hu says they should be able to monitor the Gulf every three to five days. "In other words, MODIS is currently the only option to monitor these slicks," says Hu.
Amos, who used to work on ways of detecting oil slicks for NASA believes the method holds potential. "If MODIS can be used reliably for detection of natural slicks, it would greatly increase data availability and reduce the cost for doing this work," he says.
Although natural seeps cumulatively spew at least as much oil as humans do, individual seeps are much smaller than manmade oil spills. They do not have the same devastating ecological effects: animals tend to avoid them or are adapted to the oil-tainted environment.
Ian MacDonald of Texas A&M University, who works on detecting oil slicks using satellite imagery, told New Scientist: "I think this team is on to a good idea. We have got to make the data available to the world as opposed to being locked up by those who can pay for it - the oil companies."
He cautions, though, that seaweed and large patches of calm water could be mistaken for oil slicks in the MODIS images. One way of getting around this would be to check if the features appear just once - in which case it is likely they are not oil from a natural seep.
Journal reference: Geophysical Research Letters


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Last updated on February 10th, 2021 at 04:05 pm
Estimated reading time: 1 minute
What do you do when the world's shutting down all around you in the face of a global pandemic?
In The Corona Chronicles, I cover my family's life through The Great Quarantine from its earliest days where we just thought it was an extended March Break to a world besieged by COVID-19 and no real end in sight.
From parents to teachers to adults just tired of this mess, I hope our experiences do as much for you as they did for us while living them!


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2013 Archives
The following is from the April 28, 2013, edition of The Dallas Morning News.
April 29, 2013
By HANNAH DECLERK
The Dallas Morning News
SMU football coach June Jones teared up as he watched students take the field Saturday at Gerald J. Ford Stadium.
It wasn't his team that stirred his emotions — it was the sight of more than 6,000 kids from economically disadvantaged Dallas ISD campuses coming for help.
"Just seeing all the students walk through the tunnels and onto the field — it was incredible," Jones said.
The event, Imagine 2020, kicked off a multimillion-dollar DISD initiative to encourage children to stay in school and pursue college degrees and careers.
The event drew fifth- to 11-graders from Pinkston, Lincoln and Madison high schools and the elementary and middle schools that feed into them.
"We want to give the students the best education we can give them so whatever their dream is, they can go do it," DISD Special Projects Officer Kerri Holt said.
Representatives from more than 40 organizations attended, including colleges, summer camps and after-school programs.
Read the full story.
# # #


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Ministry Begins With You.
In a season where there is scarcity and hoarding due to fear and dread, one way to show that the hope we have is not in earthly things is by walking in the opposite spirit. What I mean by that is generosity. As a church, we give a tithe to ministries based on what we receive from you, such as:
- Restoration House – A safe refuge for those being rescued from sex-trafficking.
- Missouri Baptist Children's Home – A Christ based organization caring for orphans.
- Missouri Baptist Home – A home for the elderly to be cared for.
- Oak Tree Church – A newer church plant in Lee's Summit.
- Cincinnati Church Plant – A church plant started by the Long Family.
Your generosity doesn't just go towards keeping us going – it affects the nation and generations.
Wonder how to give without the tithing plate being passed?
Here's How:
There is also the ol' fashioned snail mail (which actually never gets old)! You can send a check with a note to put it towards general funds or a specific ministry.
10 Bring the whole
tithe into the storehouse, that there may be food in my house. Test
me in this," says the Lord Almighty, "and see if I will not throw
open the floodgates of heaven and pour out so much blessing that
there will not be room enough to store it.
Malachi 3:10


text:
That's right, FREE CARPET CLEANING!
Citrus Carpet Cleaning Suwanee will text you an "EXACT-imate" when you schedule you appointment with us to have your carpets, rugs and/or upholstery cleaned. Your EXACT-imate will reflect what you have told us you want cleaned and the prices involved. They are called EXACT-imates because there are NO UP-SELLS! NO ADD-ONS! and NO HIDDEN FEES or FINE PRINT! There is a 3% charge if you use a credit/debit card.
If you are asked to pay more than your emailed EXACT-imate your entire job is on us!
If you are asked for money, it's on me!
That's the EXACT-imate GUARANTEE!
Your EXACT-imate will be emailed to you prior to your appointment time detailing the number of areas (rooms, halls & stairways) with the EXACT amount you will be charged if you pay by check or cash. If you have the number of areas changes, the EXACT-imate does too.
Call, or submit your info today!
770.667.8326 or online.
We offer both residential, and commercial carpet and rug cleaning in Gwinnett County, Hall County, Forsyth County and Barrow County.
Previous website was www.TheBigOrangeGuy.com


text:
SHSU Experts
SHSU Stats
Sam the Man
SHSU History
to Richard Ward, former dean and director and project director
of the program, SHSU criminal justice faculty will provide
academic support for the International Law Enforcement Academy
(ILEA) in Roswell, New Mexico, which is supported by the U.S.
State Department.
an agreement with the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology,
which manages the project, SHSU will provide educational support
as part of an ongoing effort to familiarize law enforcement officials
from other countries with the American criminal justice system.
to Ward, groups of 40-50 police managers undertake an extensive
four-week course which includes subjects on leadership, community
policing, counter-terrorism, legal issues, administration and
then more than 1,900 police officers from more than 65 countries
have participated in the program.
of the new activities in the program will involve bringing a
number of groups to Huntsville for two-day workshops in critical
incident management.
Watkins, executive director of the Law Enforcement Management
Institute of Texas (LEMIT), said the groups will utilize the
state of the art facilities of the recently commissioned Incident
Command Simulation Training (InCoSiT) Program.
Webb, who directs the program, said that this training will provide
officers with a "real time" experience in handling a major event
utilizing the latest in computerized simulation methods.
a rapidly expanding global society it is important that police
officials from different countries learn to work together to
combat international crime and terrorism," said Ward. "We're
pleased to continue our relationship with New Mexico Tech because
they are an acknowledged national leader in counterterrorism
training and bomb research."
SHSU Media Contact: Julia May
May 19, 2006
Please send comments, corrections, news tips to firstname.lastname@example.com.


text:
Since early diagnosis is crucial for improving survival rates among women with breast cancer, over the past twelve years, Breast Care International in collaboration with Peace and Love Hospitals have been conducting outreach programs in deprived communities by educating and screening the public for signs of breast cancer while increasing community awareness to help downstage the disease at diagnosis.
BCI has also been expanding the availability of clinical and diagnostic breast examination while advocating for systemic change so that more women have access to quality care and treatment.
Although in a recently published research by the International Journal of Cancer on evaluating the impact of a breast cancer awareness program in Ghana, which indicated that progress has been made in recent years in improving the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards breast cancer among women who have been exposed to BCI programs, BCI continues to explore ways to enhance its service delivery to improve health outcomes of breast cancer and increase timely and access to quality healthcare services in


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Bored and tired of old and traditional methods of sending proposals. Better Proposals will help you out. You can create attractive and quick proposals that are easy to create and easy to track. Instantly know the status of your proposals by allowing the clients electronically sign the proposals.
You can modify the content and background and make it more attractive to easily and quickly make any deal. The hourly basis backup and many other features keeps you relaxed and your data safe. Make BetterProposals an online CRM tool serve you better and faster by creating templates to include in your proposals.
Editions and Pricing
The application provides a 14 day free trial. Also the pricing strategy followed is per company and not per users. The application has four pricing plans namely, free, starter, premium and unlimited.
|Price (per month)
|Proposals (per month)
|$ 0
|$ 14
|$ 52
Capabilities and Supporting Set of Features
The dashboard is the landing page after signing in. It show the list of unsigned proposals on the left pane and the sales value on the right pane.
Design Your Cover
The users can design their own cover that the clients can see by adding their logo, background image and modify the required text.
The users can create their own template by adding the required contents. The users can add pages, title, images, text, testimonial, videos, terms and conditions and customize your own template.
Digital Signature
The clients can now be free from downloading the proposal, signing it and sending you back the signed proposal. The digital signatures allows the clients to sign the proposals digitally. The users are notified immediately on the client signing of the proposal.
Proposal Progress
The users can check the progress of their proposal in depth. The users can check if the clients have opened the proposal and signed it or not.
Mobile Accessibility
The application is not available as mobile applications, yet it can still be viewed on a mobile browser without any disturbance.
The application does not have any integration with any other services or applications. But it sends the proposals with your email address.
On successful registration, the team sends an email with certain links to understand the product better and learn to the use product without hurdles. The team also provides video tutorials and option of live chat, email and if required a phone call.
Pros and Cons of Betterproposals
- Immediate notification about status of proposal.
- Timely Back up and security.
- The proposals looks great in all devices from small to big.
- Allows preview before sending out the template.
- A template or cover cannot be cancelled while entering the name.
- The count of unsigned proposal on the dashboard is incorrect.
Read Also: CRM tools product review – Whatshelp
Allowing users to customize their proposal and make the cover more attractive makes this application to stand alone from the crowd. The application also allows to include videos and digital signature helping to close the deal quicker.
For more details, please visit: Betterproposals website.


text:
Valentine Cunningham is Fellow and Senior Tutor in English Literature at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, University Professor of English at Oxford, and Visiting Professor at the University of Konstanz in Germany. He reviews widely for British and American journals and newspapers including The Observer, and broadcasts regularly for the BBC. He was a judge for the Booker Prize in 1992 and was formerly Regional Chair of the judges for the Commonwealth Writers Prize (Eurasia region.) He has written a number of books including Everywhere Spoken Against: Dissent in the Victorian Novel, British Writers of the Thirties, In The Reading Goal: Postmodernity, Texts, and History and Reading After Theory. BA (Keble College), MA, Dphil(St. John's College).
Scissored and Pasted: The Impact of the Authorized Version of the Bible
Speaker(s): Valentine Cunningham
Date: June 3, 2015
Length: 1h20m
Product ID: RGDL4502Q
Purchase Options:
|MP3 Download - $5.00
This talk is part of our Summer Lectures 2015 series.
See All Audio by Valentine Cunningham
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text:
The Hidden Wisdom of the BodyBy
There is a vast reservoir of intelligence, power and soul deep within each of us. This power and this soul are very logical. Our right brains actually have both the ability AND motivation to make things happen at will.
Contrary to popular belief, emotions and logic are not opposed to one another. They're not mutually exclusive. But they must come to the same conclusions in order to work well together . . . to agree to the same life decisions.
I€'ve found in my years of work as a chiropractor, patients were not getting better. I used to agonize over this failure: Why aren't they getting well? I'm doing all the right things. My technique is flawless. They're eating all the right things!" Everything on the surface seemed to be falling into place, but on some deep level the desired results were being blocked.
So what was I missing?
At the time I was practicing something called applied kinesiology (AK). For those of you not aware of this process is simply called muscle testing, a simple built-in biofeedback mechanism that anyone can learn to use.
Try muscle testing with a partner, spouse or friend. Test any convenient muscle – say an arm muscle – by holding up their arm while using a few fingers to press on the arm after saying Hold. If their arm tests strong (i.e., does not give under the pressure), that indicates a yes" by the body. If the arm tests slightly weaker or rubbery (i.e., goes down), this may indicate a negative finding.
By testing this way, I was able to get feedback from the body that either this is a yes or a no (or not yes).
Many doctors and therapists use this technique to get feedback from the mind/body to determine hidden incompatibility disorders, i.e.
(a) a certain substance or vitamin is good for the body or
(b) this substance or vitamin is not good for the body.
I started using muscle testing for a different reason. I wanted to test for overall congruence of personal statements and affirmations.
After testing this way for several years, I became aware that the yes" and no" answers from the body begin to follow a predictable pattern. There was a kind of Morse code being transmitted here. It was as if our subconscious mind " mine and the patient's " were instantly revealing a sub-stratum of thoughts and decisions we had never known before.
Excited, I started testing more and more on people. I also avoided attending other seminars and workshops while doing this research. I wanted to find out what the body, subconscious, or right brain was saying to me directly . . . NOT what someone else told me they were saying.
I learned that the body gathers up the sum total of all inner decisions and generates an outcome, either yes or no. I also learned that the answers to these statements told of the immediate outer condition of the person as it pertained to the particular statement.
If, for example, you had problems with money, statements like I choose to be a millionaire" would test false (weak). If you actually had the capacity within yourself to become a millionaire, however, that statement would be true (strong).
More trials and errors led me to find the secret to discovering the access to any inner (hidden) decision AND change them to be in alignment with current stated goals and affirmations.
Author's Note: I use A.K. for a particular limited purpose of affirmation feedback, and neither condone nor condemn its use for other purposes. Obviously, any technique so open to interpretation should be considered experimental and not relied on solely as a regimen to diagnose and treat serious diseases or disorders. Consult with your physician or primary health practitioner before undertaking any such regimen.
[…] question, by the way, is only the FIRST STEP in the Logical Soul ™ 4-Step process, and is called the "Interview." The other three steps – Discovery, Access, and […]
[…] I began using muscle testing as a simple bio-feedback technique as part of the Logical Soul(tm) technique, I've sometimes come across those who seem confused […]


text: I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 server and i can't get my nas drive to mount at reboot. I created a credentials file with the login and password and i added this line in /etc/fstab. //NAS-NASNAME/vm /mnt/NAS/media cifs uid=1000,rw,noperm,noserverino,nogroup,rw,credentials=/root/credentials/NAS/media,iocharset=utf8 0 0 Ok i really don't know what everything does but it worked on my old server. But after reboot i can mount my drive with "mount /mnt/NAS/media" with no problem. Any idea why it doesn't work?


text:
Earlier this week I speculated about the reason for the rise of Twitch and the new games voyeurs, people who watch others play competitive online games, live, from far away. Shortly after I wrote the piece, a friend suggested the real reason millions of people watch League of Legends and Starcraft rather than – or in addition to – playing it is the same reason we like to watch Usain Bolt run or Mario Batali cook or Phil Ivey play poker: it's simply very satisfying to watch people who have mastered something do that thing.
I guess I buy this, but it seems to me there is a purer and more satisfying way to experience gamers who have "mastered" the form: speed runs. I've spent the past few days watching videos on the Speed Demos Archive, and some -all – of them are staggering. From the player who beat Final Fantasy VII in less than 8 hours to the 40 minute Half-Life to the preposterous 1:01 Metroid Prime, these are feats of incredible skill, performed by people who have actual mastery over individual games. This to me is much more impressive than, say, the guy who played five days of Black Ops 2; what speed runners do to me seems much more like athletics. Read this excerpt from the FF7 speed runner's postmortem:
If I had it to do over again, I would have started the run with the tenacity that I finished it with. With that said, I am extremely proud of what I have accomplished. In all honesty, I am not sure how much faster I could have gone. This run is far from perfect, but most of the imperfections are masked by the enormous amount of luck involved in the running of this game. I may run a segment perfectly, doing everything humanly possible correctly, and still achieve a slower time, because of something seemingly insignificant, like the number of times I am attacked in random encounters, or the length of the animations for the attacks used. Luck plays a huge factor in each and every segment. I assure you the segments I kept were the fastest I was able to get, while still keeping my sanity.
This reminds me more than anything else of a postgame interview after a sporting event. There's that weird humility that comes from pushing up against the physical limits of a thing, the acknowledgement that once certain factors are maximized, the capricious winds decide the rest. Maybe speed runs are the track and field of the competitive gaming world, the purest expression of the human limits of excellence at games?


text:
Send Flowers in Athens Greece.
Order Flowers Online.
Delivered to Your Door.
The holidays are fast approaching and we know that it is difficult to choose the best and most substantial gift for those you love. The internet has taken the next step in the exchange of gifts, and that is sending flowers and gifts online. Send beautiful bouquets and flower arrangements to your loved ones on the same day and make a beautiful surprise.
How to send flowers the same day
Read all our - Delivery Information
For same day flower and gift orders. In case a flower from the products you see on our website, such as flower arrangements or bouquets are exhausted, they will be replaced with similar flowers in a different color, of equal or greater value. The same applies to (ceramic vases).
Check our Map - Delivery Places
At 21 Flowers you are able to send flowers and gifts, exclusively in Athens Attica.
Can I Send a Bouquet of Flowers on the Same Day
Of course you can send bouquets of flowers the same day, choosing from a wide variety of our most popular bouquets. With 21 Flowers's new flower delivery service, you can order any bouquet of flowers of your choice and choose the delivery day you want. We deliver bouquets of flowers every day, from Monday to Sunday, so regardless of the occasion an impressive bouquet of flowers can offer something special and unique, this year make the holidays a beautiful gift that will impress your loved ones. Send bouquets of flowers the same day.
How Long Does It Usually Take To Send A Bouquet Of Flowers
Shipping flowers can take a few hours depending on the delivery option you choose! We offer scheduled delivery that you can schedule in advance. If you want to send a bouquet of flowers on the same day, choose your favorite bouquet and send flowers today with the 21 Flowers florist!


text:
Cervizzi & Associates is made up of a streamlined team of closely integrated family law and divorce attorneys coordinating their skills and talents to provide tailored representation for each client. Our diverse team allows us to be successful in a variety of practice areas, and our lawyers are united by the highest regard for our clients. We strive to make a difference in people's lives through our dedicated, compassionate practice of divorce and family law.
Our team of family law attorneys includes:
When you need an experienced attorney for representation in family law cases, contact Cervizzi & Associates to arrange your free initial consultation at any of our three Massachusetts locations.
See us featured on WCVB Channel 5 ABC.
Laura J. Cervizzi featured in Northshore Magazine – "AMAZING ADVOCATE Laura Cervizzi has dedicated her career to family law."
Laura J. Cervizzi featured in North Shore Magazine – "Women in Business"
Please see our featured article in "Forbes Magazine", in the Leaders in Law section.
Please see Cervizzi & Associates featured in Boston Magazine's "Welcome to Splitsville" Divorce Section.
Please see Cervizzi & Associates featured in the 2017 New England Patriots Yearbook
Laura Cervizzi talks to Boston Magazine regarding Will the Coronavirus Crisis Cause a Surge in Boston Divorces?
"I went to Cervizzi and Associates over 3 years ago to discuss with Laura Cervizzi about divorcing my husband, after my decision was made Laura paired me with Atty. Amy Kraft a young, conscientious lawyer. I was a bit hesitant, but Laura assured me she would be the right person for the job. And two years together, she was the right person, she was kind, compassionate brilliant and always there for me in my darkest hours she wasn't after two years my attorney, she was my friend and guardian she understood me and how I would react to what was going on through this ordeal a wonderful diligent young lady, I am so grateful for her coming to my aid, keeping me on track and for the wonderful relationship which blossomed with all at Cervizzi and Associates. If anyone is in need of this type of service these are the group of women to take care of you from Laura, to Priscilla and gratefully to Amy. Thank you to all of you, you are simply the best."
"Laura C., I wanted to sincerely thank you and your office for all that was done to help me through my divorce. I appreciate your patience, consideration and concern through this process. I am looking forward to the new year!"


text:
I've just finished reading Michael Connelly's novel The Poet. It was recommended to me by a friend - I hadn't read any of Connelly's work before - and I really liked it.
I bought The Poet on my Kindle and half read it and half listened to it using the text-to-speech function. At the end of the day when my eyes are tired the text-to-speech is a nice compromise. It's not perfect but it's good enough when I'm into a book and I don't want to put down!
I liked The Poet so much that I thought I was sure to end up reading all of Connelly's books. I browsed his bibliography and bought another... only to discover after the book had downloaded that the text-to-speech function has been denied by the publisher! What? I've bought the book - I paid for it - why can't I let the Kindle read it to me?
I'm just so very angry about this. Why am I being prevented from enjoying Connelly's work the way I want to enjoy it? The only possible reason I can think of is that the publisher thinks text-to-speech cannibalizes revenue from audio books.
But does it really? They're not actually delivering the same value are they? I buy a lot of audio books and a lot of regular books but most are on my Kindle and since I've had the Kindle I've been buying more of both. [side note: In fact I've listened to audio books and then bought the printed version as gifts or bought the digital text version as a reference source (easier than searching through the spoken word).]
If the publisher thinks there's cannibalization, could it be the ludicrously expensive pricing on audio books? $26 is a typical price and that's outrageous compared to, say, the pricing of DVDs. Is the publisher trying to tell me that it has a higher cost on audio book production than a feature film?
No, it's value-based pricing. But come on, audio books are priced at around 3-4 times the paperback. I think that's blatant fleecing the customer. It's an arrogant disregard for readers/listeners to be honest.
For the purpose of this post I checked the torrents. Sure enough, 20 Michael Connelly novels available in one handy download - for free.
So here I am, willing to pay for content but being treated with disrespect, contempt and mistrust.
Well I like text-to-speech because it suits my lifestyle and I'm not buying any more from Connelly until this permission is enabled. Publisher, you're a shortsighted dinosaur and I look forward to reading more from authors who want a direct, respectful relationship with their audience.


text:
Foreclosure Filings Drop Month-to-Month, So Burnett Reports Year-over-Year Increase
Foreclosure filings in February 2008 were down 4 percent from January, but you wouldn't know that from watching NBC's "Today" show March 13.
That's because CNBC contributor Erin Burnett only reported that "foreclosures were up 60 percent in February," citing RealtyTrac.com. She was referring to the year-over-year increase in filings from February 2007, although she didn't make that distinction.
The March 13 RealtyTrac.com press release Burnett cited had quite a different headline: "Foreclosure Activity Decreases 4 Percent in February."
The release was by no means overly optimistic, as RealtyTrac CEO James Saccacio noted that "the year-over-year increase of 60 percent this February was significantly higher than the 19 percent year-over-year increase in February 2007, indicating we have still not reached the peak of foreclosure activity in this cycle."
This isn't the first time in recent days that Burnett has taken already-negative numbers and made them look worse. On the "Today" show March 7, she reported that "we had about 8 percent of homes in this country right now are in the foreclosure process."
That number nearly quadrupled the percentage of homes actually in foreclosure, which the Mortgage Bankers Association put at 2.04 percent. Burnett added that number to the 5.83 percent of mortgages in "delinquency," or past due, although not all delinquencies result in actual foreclosures. Burnett's report gave the incorrect impression that 8 percent of homes are in foreclosure.
But Burnett isn't the only journalist to spin RealtyTrac's numbers. RealtyTrac Vice President Rick Sharga told the Business & Media Institute in July 2007 that his group's data are often misrepresented by the media – for example, when reporters count the number of paperwork filings as a total number of foreclosures.
In October 2007, Sharga said members of the media "don't always get or they don't appreciate the nuance or they may have an agenda of their own," resulting in skewed reporting on foreclosure numbers.
Still others have questioned the reliability of the RealtyTrac data, with or without media misrepresentation. Real estate industry expert Steve Dutra told the Business & Media Institute that "the reason that a lot of media sources use the RealtyTrac press releases is because it makes a good headline since the numbers are so negatively high."


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Fountain Centers in Waseca
Fountain Centers in Waseca is a Substance Abuse Rehab Services in Waseca, MN
Address: 505 South State Street Suite 6, Waseca, MN, 56093
Phone Number: 507-835-4342
Intake Line:
Website: http://www.fountaincenters.org
Primary Focus: Substance Abuse Rehab Services
Treatment Type: Outpatient, Intensive outpatient treatment, Regular outpatient treatment
Treatment Approaches: Cognitive/behavioral therapy, Dialectical behavioral therapy, Substance abuse counseling approach
Payment/Insurance Accepted
- Cash or self-payment, State financed health insurance plan other than Medicaid, Private health insurance
Payment Assistance
- No information available, please contact the facility directly.
Type of Care:
- Substance abuse treatment , Do not treat opiod addiction
Facility Operation:
- Private organization, State substance abuse agency, The Joint Commission
Special Programs Provided:
Individual counseling offered, Group counseling offered, Family counseling offered, Marital/couples counseling offered, 12-step faciltitation approach, Contingency management/motivational incentive, Motivational interviewing, Anger management, Relapse prev
We have made our best effort to provide you with all of the information we have pertaining to Fountain Centers in Waseca. This includes all contact information such as phone numbers and links to websites.
Other Rehabs Near Fountain Centers in Waseca
Ministry of Health
P.O. Box 6027
Palau, PW, 96940
Salvation Army Lighthouse Recovery Ctr Lot Naval Air Station 19
155004 Corsair Avenue
Barrigada, GU, 96913
Focus Counseling and Training Inc
9876 Main Street
Suite 100
Woodstock, GA, 30188
Sanctuary Inc
406 Mai Mai Road
Hagatna, GU, 96910
Marianas Psychiatric Services LLC USA
285 Farenholt Avenue
Oka Plaza C-312
Barrigada, GU, 96913
Big Island Substance Abuse Council Waters of Life Public Charter School
181355 Volcano Highway
Mountain View, HI, 96771
Big Island Substance Abuse Council Sch Based Prog/Paauilo Elem and Inter
43-1497 Old Main Road
Paauilo, HI, 96776
Big Island Substance Abuse Council School Based Program/Kau High School
96-3150 Pikaki Street
Pahala, HI, 96777
Big Island Substance Abuse Council Hawaii Academy of Arts and Science
15-1397 Homestead Road
Pahoa, HI, 96778
Big Island Substance Abuse Council Kua O Ka La
14-5322 Kaimu/Kapoho Road
Pahoa, HI, 96778
Big Island Substance Abuse Council School Based Program/Pahala Inter Sch
96-3150 Pikaki Street
Pahala, HI, 96777
Big Island Substance Abuse Council School Based Program/Pahoa HS
15-3038 Puna Road
Pahoa, HI, 96778


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Please join us in praying over this global pandemic by following the guidelines here.
Geyer Road Baptist Church offers several prayer ministry opportunities!
Anyone who desires for our church family to pray for a physical or spiritual need may make a request. We would also love to lift up your praises to God. If you would like to submit a prayer request or praise to the Prayer Ministry, please click here. Our Weekly Prayer List is available to download, and paper copies are available in the elevator foyer and in Sunday School rooms. This list includes praises, current spiritual requests of our church, and other needs for church members, friends, and relatives.
Quiet Time
A new level of fulfillment and usefulness to God can be achieved when you learn the pattern of pulling aside each day to read Scripture, converse with God, and pray for people. God will start a spiritual fire in your life and His Church as His people learn to pray and submit their time to prayer.
Women's Tuesday Morning Prayer Time
Our Women's Prayer Time meets in homes of our church members, and we focus on the spiritual needs of the church. To get more information on our upcoming meeting place, please contact Karen at email@example.com or the church office at email@example.com or 314.821.3651.
Evangelistic Prayer Group
The Evangelistic Prayer Group meets to pray with Scripture for the salvation and spiritual renewal of specific people, who are kept confidential to this group. We are very aware that only God knows the hearts of all men (1 Kings 8:39).
Messengers of Encouragement
Our Messengers of Encouragement send notes to people for whom Geyer Road Baptist Church is prayer on the prayer list. We also send notes to the workers in our church to lift them up in their service and ministry.
Prayer Block Intercessors
We base our prayer block on the pattern in Exodus 29:38-46 using the morning and evening sacrifices as a model. While you are not expected to pray for the entire 12-hour time period, we ask you to pray some time during that 12-hour block. New requests begin every other month starting in January. If you would like to be assigned a time, please contact Karen at email@example.com or the church office at firstname.lastname@example.com or 314.821.3651.
Sunday Morning Prayer Intercessors
During our Sunday morning worship time, one person is scheduled to pray continuously in the prayer room, home, or somewhere in the building. The prayer room, which is located through the door by the piano in the sanctuary, is also available during weekly office hours, Monday through Thursday 9:00am-3:00pm. Prayer prompts and an outline of the sermon are available to pray over. If you would like to be assigned a Sunday, please contact Karen at email@example.com or the church office at firstname.lastname@example.com or 314.821.3651.
Prayer Letters
After our Sunday evening service, letters are sent to 3 people for whom we prayed during the corporate prayer time. These letters are signed by those who were present and sent out as a reminder and encouragement from the church.
National Day of Prayer
The National Day of Prayer is observed annually in our nation on the first Thursday of May. Many of the churches in Kirkwood participate in a program and prayer time at McEntee Memorial Park at Noon. The National Day of Prayer is observed at Geyer Road Baptist Church during our Morning Worship Service the Sunday preceding the official National Day of Prayer.


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This matchmaker's mission is to hook you up...with a cab buddy. Fares from New York City airports into Manhattan can run $30 to $100, so why not let Hitchsters help you find someone else to split the tab. Simply input your flight time into the site's database, and Hitchsters will try to match you with a co-rider based on your preferences. Contact information is then given out to both parties, via email or text message, but don't worry: only a cell phone number and first name is revealed (the site doesn't even take addresses; users are asked to click on a map to indicate their general location). Co-riders work out a meet-up plan directly with each another. Hitchsters plans to expand into Brooklyn this summer, where it will connect riders with a car service (because it's much harder to hail a yellow cab in the outer boroughs) and then apply that new model to new services in other cities such as London and Boston.
There are some etiquette guidelines. For instance, the first person to get out of the cab pays 60% of the fare. If you can't agree on who should get out first, then it's rock/paper/scissors. Hitchsters doesn't do background checks on its users, but neither does Craigslist, and besides, you've got the cab driver as a witness. And hey, you never know-that romantic ride back from LaGuardia just might turn into a first date.
Next LinkedIn


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When will it be over…Christmas..bah humbug;)
I used to think this time of year was one of joy and sharing, but looking around me I see anything but that…shoving, jostling, tired people, traffic…and to the b@*ch who wouldn't let us merge with the two horse trailer and now where else to go (yes the road was running out and yes, I actually did have to squeeze in..that's called merging..the road is NOT your personal property) please remove the
bumper sticker from your Honda back window..you obviously are a liar…What is WRONG with people..I guess this is a Holiday rant.
Let's be truthful here..I am not Christian, nor do I belong to any other organized religious group..I am: ag·nos·tic aɡˈnästik/ noun
"a person who believes that nothing is known or can be known of the existence or nature of God or of anything beyond material phenomena; a person who claims neither faith nor disbelief in God."
I believe you are free to believe whatever you want, any way you want in any God you want as long as you are not pushing it on me, affecting me or closing in on my rights. There, that said…I may still have some Faith in the old Roman Gods, especially Bacchus;)
So somewhere along the line Christmas has gone from a religious event to a consumerist gorging that starts on Black Friday and doesn't end until 2016. Just how much more"crap" do we need in our lives?
A Christmas tree-600 pesos here in Mexico..that means someone here in Mexico making minimum wage, about 70 pesos a day, needs to work 8.5 days just to buy a tree…something is wrong here, and there.
Stress..everywhere you look..the word happy shopper is an oxymoron..I didn't see any. Sad employees at VONS forced into wearing Santa Claus hats by some upper level moron that thinks we want to see Santa everywhere? Why can't all that money spent be donated to the really needy. Wouldn't that simplify our lives and leave us with one less thing to worry about? Or to plant a tree, or to your local animal shelter? Or spend that money on a meal, with family, or not if that has become some horrid obligation for people to have to meet and suffer their drunk Uncle Ernie, it could be just friends. Or just save that money, put it away for something really meaningful to you. Christmas is not a happy time for everyone yet you are made to feel you must..be cheery..but there are folks out there that have suffered horrible tragedies.
Yes, call me Grinch if you like. Perhaps it was the traffic, the never ending traffic, and the haste I saw that made me feel this way..or that last insidious Muzak Christmas carol playing on that endless Christmas carol satellite radio stations piped into homes and all retail outfits that made me want to rip my ears off. Too much is too much.
This Christmas I'll leave to the Christians and I hope whatever celebration they conjure up will be a happy one. For me it is just another day in December. I try to celebrate every day for all the wonderful things that happen, every hour of every day of every year I am privileged enough to breathe in and out. Saludos amigos. Have a Happy December:)


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The author of this post is Caterina Benini, a PhD student at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan. This is the fourth in a series of posts aimed to explore the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the phenomena of mobility and exchange that form the constituent elements of private international law, and to discuss the responses that private international law rules provide to the challenges posed by the crisis itself (see the previous contributions by Giovanni Chiapponi, Matthias Lehmann and Tomaso Ferando). The EAPIL blog welcomes further contributions on these topics, either in the form of comments to the published posts or in the form of guest posts. Those interested in proposing a guest post for publication are encouraged to contact the blog's editorial team at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Article 46 of the Italian Decree-Law of 17 March 2020
The Italian government enacted on 17 March 2020 a Decree-Law, i.e. a piece of urgent legislation, in an effort to mitigate the economic and social consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. The Italian Parliament later endorsed the Decree-Law and converted it into Law.
The Decree-Law sets forth a broad range of measures, some of which relate to employment contracts. In particular, Article 46 of the Decree-Law provides, among other things, that, for a period of 60 days after its entry into force (that is, between 17 March 2020 and 18 May 2020), no employment contract may be terminated on grounds of a failure by the employee to perform his or her obligations, or on objective grounds such as a drop in the demand for the employer's goods or services.
From the standpoint of private international law, Article 46 gives rise to a set of interpretative problems whenever employment contracts featuring a cross-border element are concerned.
A mandatory rule providing a minimum standard of protection for employees
Article 46 of the Decree-Law applies in principle to all employment relationships governed by Italian law, regardless of whether Italian law is the law chosen by the parties or rather applies to the contract objectively.
In the Member States of the European Union, Article 46 may also come into play, by virtue of Article 8(1) of the Rome I Regulation, in contracts that the parties agreed to submit to a law other than Italian law.
In fact, if the contract would have been governed by Italian law pursuant to Article 8(2), (3) or (4) of the Regulation, the choice of a different law by the parties may not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him or her by Article 46. This means, for example, that if an employee who habitually carries out his work in Italy is dismissed during the above stated period, he or she will be able to rely on Article 46, regardless of whether the employer is entitled, under the law chosen by the parties, to terminate the contract.
Given that Article 46 finds hardly any equivalent in other legal systems, Article 8(1) of the Rome I Regulation will almost invariably interfere with the chosen law whenever the issue arises, in a Member State, of an employment contract connected with Italy in the way described in Article 8(2), (3) or (4).
An overriding mandatory provision?
Article 46 of the Decree-Law, it is submitted, further qualifies as an overriding mandatory provision of the Italian legal order within the meaning of Article 9(1) of the Rome I Regulation.
The characterisation of Article 46 as an overriding mandatory provision stems from the fact that it satisfies the two requirements mandated under Article 9(1) of the Regulation: (i) it aims to protect a public interest, and (ii) it is meant to apply to any situation within its own scope, irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract.
As to the first requirement, it is argued that, through the prohibition set out in Article 46, the Italian government aims to protect the stability of social and economic relationships of Italy. Indeed, as mentioned in a press release of 16 March 2020, by adopting a set of measures in support of employment, the government intended to prevent businesses from reacting to the pandemic and any related restriction by suddenly terminating a large number of employment contracts, as this might result, in turn, in social unrest. The fact that in the draft of the new Decree-Law Article 46 is extended for three further months, appears to confirm that the ban on dismissals is part of a broader strategy aimed at preventing conflicts which could possibly arise throughout the coronavirus crisis.
Turning to the second requirement, it is submitted that Article 46 implicitly provides its own scope of application, within which it intends to be applied irrespective of the law otherwise applicable under the relevant conflict-of-law rules.
Lacking any geographical limitation in Article 46 itself, regard should be given to other provisions of the Decree-Law which suggest that the various measures adopted therein are in principle meant to apply only territorially.
The preamble, for instance, makes it clear that the Decree-Law addresses the impact of Covid-19 on the "national social-economic reality", meaning business, workers and households located in Italy. Furthermore, the scope of some provisions is explicitly limited to the territory of Italy. This holds true for provisions on social security, featured in Chapter I of Title II ("Measures in support of employment"). Article 46, though included in a different chapter of the same title, presents itself as part of the overall strategy adopted to support workers. Arguably, its scope should be geographically limited to situations connected with Italy in the same way as the other measures pursuing that goal.
The qualification of Article 46 as an overriding mandatory rule entails that, pursuant to Article 9(2) of the Rome I Regulation, Article 46 of the Decree-Law will be applied by Italian courts, no matter the law specified by the Regulation itself, to any cross-border employment relationship centred in Italy. In such a scenario, any dismissal justified by the employer's financial difficulties or by the employee's impossibility to perform his or her activity would be considered invalid and without effect.
What if the cross-border employment relationship brought before the Italian court is governed by a foreign law and is not connected with Italy? Should Article 46 be applied as an overriding mandatory provision of the forum?
It is argued that in such scenario an Italian court should not apply Article 46 of the Decree-Law, since relationships entirely disconnected from Italy do not fall among the cases to which this provision is meant to apply. Indeed, being Article 46 addressed to situations immediately and directly affected by the Covid-19 crisis and the measures adopted by the Italian government to face it, only cross-border relationships having a genuine connection with Italy – such as when the employee is asked to predominantly perform his or her activity in Italy, or when the employer's establishment in charge of managing the relationship is situated in Italy – qualify to fall within its scope of application.
Another question of greater complexity is whether an Italian court ought to apply Article 46 of the Decree-Law when the employment relationship displays only a minimum connection with Italy, for instance because the employee was hired in Italy although in fact he or she never worked there.
To solve this issue, it is necessary to understand how intense the connection with the territory of Italy must be for Article 46 to be triggered. Considering the above analysis on the rationale of Article 46, it is argued that cases presenting a minimal connection with Italy fall outside the scope of application of Article 46.
Indeed, if the rationale of Article 46 is to protect the social and economic relations of Italy, there is no reason to apply such rule to employment relationships whose real seat – identified by the place of the employee's predominant performance or the employer's establishment – is not located in Italy, so that their termination does not jeopardise the Italian social order.
An overriding mandatory rule of the State of performance of the obligations?
A different issue is whether, and subject to which conditions, Article 46 may be given effect in a Member State other than Italy pursuant to Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation, that is, as an overriding mandatory rule of a country than is neither the forum nor the country whose law applies to the contract.
Article 9(3) provides that "[e]ffect may be given to the overriding mandatory provisions of the law of the country where the obligations arising out of the contract have to be or have been performed, in so far as those overriding mandatory provisions render the performance of the contract unlawful".
Three requirements must be met by a rule of a third State in order to fall within Article 9(3): (i) it must be an overriding mandatory rule pursuant to Article 9(1); (ii) it must be a rule of the country where the contractual obligations have to be or have been performed and (iii) it must render the contractual performance unlawful.
Having already explained why Article 46 is an overriding mandatory rule pursuant to Article 9(1), this section will focus on whether Article 46 can satisfy the remaining requirements.
With respect to the second requirement, for Article 46 to qualify as a rule of the country of the contractual performance, there are two interrelated questions that must be answered: (i) is an act of dismissal an act of performance of a contractual obligation? (ii) If so, where does it take place?
Adhering to the restrictive interpretation given to Article 9 by the ECJ in Nikiforidis, the answer to the first question should be negative: an act of dismissal cannot be strictly defined as an act of performance of whatever obligation arising out of the employment contract. Rather, the dismissal is the act by which the employer exercises the right to unilaterally terminate the contract, precluding the employee from performing his or her obligations towards the employer. As a result of this, Article 46 of the Decree-Law should be denied the effect prescribed by Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation.
This conclusion, although aligned with the case-law of the ECJ, does not seem fully satisfactory.
If the main goal of giving effect to the overriding mandatory rules of a third State is to render a decision which is fair because it takes into account the rules of the legal order with which the situation is most closely connected, by interpreting narrowly the notion of "performance of contractual obligations", such goal cannot be pursued in all those cases where the dispute does not concern the performance of an obligation, but rather the exercise of a right.
It is argued that, if contractual rights and obligations are the two sides of the same coin, it would be unreasonable to consider the place of performance of the contractual obligations as the only place relevant for the purposes of Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation, to the detriment of the place of exercise of a contractual right. According to the circumstances of the case, both these places may share a close connection with the relationship at stake so to justify the consideration of their overriding mandatory rules pursuant to Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation.
However, as things currently stand, in a dispute concerning the validity of the employer's exercise of its right to terminate the contract, the court of a Member State, seized of the matter, may give effect, pursuant to Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation, to the overriding mandatory rules of the State where the employee performs his or her contractual obligations – which in a cross-border employment relationship is likely not to coincide with the State where the right of dismissal was exercised – with which the issue of the dismissal is not strictly connected.
To avoid such a short circuit, a flexible interpretation of the concept "performance of contractual obligations" should be adopted for the purposes of Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation.
An overture to this effect can be seen in the AG Szpunar's Opinion in the Nikiforidis case. Leveraging on the genuine meaning of the mechanism of overriding mandatory rules of third States – i.e. preserving the connection with the legal order to which the relationship is more strictly connected – AG Szpunar favoured a broad interpretation of the notion "performance of contractual obligations", as to encompass not only the obligation consisting in characteristic performance, but any obligation arising from the contract (§ 93), irrespective of whether directly defined by the parties in the contract or imposed by law (§ 94).
The step forward to AG Szpunar's interpretation would be to endorse a contextualized interpretation of the entire notion of "performance of contractual obligations", so that when the dispute concerns only the credit side of the relationship – which by definition does not encompass the performance of an obligation – the exercise of a right should be understood as equivalent to the performance of an obligation for the purposes of Article 9(3). Along the lines of what AG Szpunar argued, this should hold true both for the exercise of rights conferred by the contract and the exercise of rights conferred directly by the governing law.
As to the place where the creditor's right is exercised, it is reasonable to localize it at the same place where the creditor is established. This means that in case of an act of dismissal, said place will coincide with the place of establishment of the employer.
Building on such interpretation, Article 46 appears to fulfil the second requirement provided for under Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation, being a rule of the country where the statutory right of termination has been or is to be exercised by the employer based in Italy.
The compliance of Article 46 with the unlawfulness requirement set out above is more straightforward. As Article 46 renders unlawful the dismissals of employees on the grounds of the Covid-19 financial difficulties encountered by their employers, also the third requirement set out above is satisfied.
The above is without prejudice to the fact that the decision of whether to give effect to Article 46 of the Decree-Law will be taken by the court seized on the basis of its own discretionary assessment of the nature, purpose and consequences deriving from the application or non-application of such provision.
When performing such assessment, which is political in nature, the court will evaluate whether the rationale underpinning Article 46 can be welcomed as convergent with the values of the forum. In essence, the court will assess whether, on the basis of the policies of its own legal order – including solidarity with other EU Member States – the rule of conduct prescribed by Article 46 of the Italian Decree-Law can be considered justified by the protection of interests that the forum wants to safeguard with the same or a similar degree of intensity adopted by the Italian legislator in Article 46 of the Decree-Law.
This ultimately shows that the application of overriding mandatory rules of third States falling within the category of Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation, to put it with AG Szpunar, "creates for the [seized] court the possibility of giving a decision which is fair and at the same time has regard to the need to balance the competing interests of the States involved" (§ 74).
Seen from this perspective, the consideration of the overriding mandatory rules of a third State is an opportunity for the judge to give a decision which is considered fair because aligned with its own values not only by the State enacting the overriding mandatory provision but also by the forum itself. Hence, the broad interpretation of Article 9(3) of the Rome I Regulation above proposed should be welcomed as increasing the cases where such possibility can be granted.