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Worldwide shipping & sign-up for 10% off first order
Designer Spotlight - MARAMZ
Ring Car - £43 ; Ring Charlotte - £38 ; Ring Diagonal - £38
Inspired by architectural, sculptural and minimalist styles, designer, Marian Zaragoza founded her brand - MARAMZ. She designs beautiful, elegant gold jewellery that is the ideal accessory for every women. It is simple and easy to wear, and what's best is that it's affordable! What more can you ask for?
Although she has only been on our Curated Crowd platform for a short period of time, she has already become our best selling brand, with Ring Car being the most popular design. The inspiration of the ring came from the famous Cloud Gate sculpture in Chicago, by Indian-born British artist Sir Anish Kapoor. Absorbing the form and the mirror-like quality, Marian adds her own take onto the design of Ring Car and her other designs, creating pieces like no other.
It really doesn't surprise us that her designs are doing so well with our customers, as they are sculpted with such delicacy and elegance. What we want to know is what inspired her to design and the process behind her creations. Come with us to find out more about her and MARAMZ.
*MARAMZ's best seller *Ring Car - £43
Curated Crowd : What inspired you to start designing?
Marian Zaragoza : I wouldn't call it inspiration, but more of an innate creativity I've had since I was little that eventually became my passion as I grew older. It's one of those things that I was always interested in and was fascinated by, and I'm lucky enough to make a career out of it.
CC : Why jewellery design? What are the inspirations behind your architectural, sculptural and minimalist styles?
MZ : Jewellery are similar to little pieces of artwork. With it being small and miniature, you have the possibility to create anything you wish with more freedom and in bigger bulks than if it was a sculpture or a painting.
The minimalist philosophy, which is defined as 'using the smallest range of materials and colours, and only very simple shapes or forms', is part of who I am. I apply it to all my designs, for example, the Elle bracelet. It was inspired by the letter E and by a woman whose style is minimalist.
Bracelet Louis - £62 ; Bracelet Brigitte - £46 ; Arco Earrings - £40
CC : How would you describe working with us so far?
MZ : I feel very lucky to have met you guys and now have the opportunity of collaboration. Curated Crowd has a style and philosophy in which I identify with, and I really appreciate the fact that they promote independent designers from around the world. It's not very often you find people that are willing to go against fast fashion, so I'm proud to be a part of it. Also, with them I have the opportunity to introduce my brand to the British market and branch out.
CC : The Ring Car has been your best seller on our website so far, are you going to make more designs according to that, or create more new innovative designs? Is there a new collection on the way that we should know about?
MZ : Yes absolutely! I actually have a new collection in process that will launch in around a month. The collection is composed of various pieces with different inspirations and stories to tell. It's been a very exciting process and I can't wait to share it with everyone, so be sure to watch this space!
Necklace Étoile - £43
CC : What is your creation process from beginning to end?
MZ : I don't think I'm like any other designer, I have my own way of working. I don't follow the standard procedure of designing and I don't believe in 'going places' to get inspired. In my experience, not every day is a fountain of inspiration, but the day that I do feel inspired, that is where my best ideas and designs happen.
This can happen anywhere, at any time, so I always have with me a book
where I can sketch in that specific moment about whatever's inspired me. From there stems even more ideas, which along with my production team, we decide which are to be produced.
CC : How do you want women to feel when wearing your jewellery?
MZ : I want them to feel empowered and beautiful when wearing my jewellery. The Maramz Woman has a passion for art, culture and architecture and uses jewellery as a form of expressing these passions.
They have style, minimalist philosophy and is in tune with not only art, but with themselves as well. My jewellery simply transforms them into women with character, and elegance.
Bracelet Diagonal - £45 ; Ring Car - £43


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AT&T has expanded its Smart Cities program by partnering up with the Dallas Innovation Alliance (DIA) — a public-private partnership dedicated to the design and execution of a smart cities plan for the City of Dallas — to launch the DIA Smart Cities Living Lab. Dallas is one of eight cities participating in the AT&T Smart Cities spotlight cities initiative and seeks to implement the company's smart cities framework to develop and apply a holistic strategy to address some of its most significant challenges.
Dallas is the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the U.S., as well as the fourth largest employment center in the country. These factors helped create an environment challenged to maintain the lifestyle and opportunities that originally drew residents to the city.
The City of Dallas and the DIA share a strategic vision to use the Living Lab pilot as a way to measure and evaluate the social and environmental impact of smart cities solutions. The first phase of the Living Lab is currently under way, setting Dallas on the path of becoming a more connected, sustainable city.
"We applaud the Dallas Innovation Alliance for their commitment to advance transformative change in Dallas through the use of smart cities technology," said Mike Zeto, general manager, AT&T Smart Cities. "Smart cities solutions have the potential to address many problems in a city, including infrastructure, safety and environmental. Having a holistic strategy is key. You must also assemble the right technology solutions and solution providers to address the current and future needs of the city. We're lending our time, resources and support to help Dallas and the DIA bring their smart cities vision to life."
"Today, technology impacts every aspect of our lives. Being a smart city is not just about offering the latest products. It is about solving peoples' problems through innovation and strategic planning," said Dallas Mayor Mike Rawlings. "The Dallas Innovation Alliance has provided a great platform to bring together entities across the city, partner with citizens and drive efforts to create a smart city environment for the benefit of Dallasites."
Increased use of information and communications technology, such as the AT&T Smart Cities solutions, have the potential to reduce global carbon dioxide emissions by 20 percent by 2030, according to the Global e-Sustainability Initiative's SMARTer2030 report. With the data provided by these solutions, local governments, businesses and citizens can optimize how they use resources such as energy and water. Technological tools can also be used to help improve traffic congestion or detect leaks, decreasing water waste and allowing cities to address infrastructure issues before they become large-scale problems.
Through the partnership, AT&T is providing Dallas with secure, reliable connectivity for all the solutions featured in the Living Lab. The solutions include:
- Intelligent LED Lighting: Through a separate collaboration with Current, powered by GE, Dallas is reducing carbon emissions and increasing energy-efficiency. Many of the street lights within the Living Lab have now been converted to LED. The new LED street lights are also on intelligent controls for remote adjustments and outage tracking.
- Interactive Digital WayPoint: To foster citizen engagement and access to city services, the Living Lab now houses an interactive digital WayPoint kiosk provided by CIVIQ Smartscapes. CIVIQ's secured virtual private network, designed to help residents and visitors find their way around the city — for events, shopping and points of interest. Citizens can also access up-to-date information on public transit options, schedules and routes, enabling them to explore the city more efficiently. The WayPoint kiosk also offers free USB charging ports and access to the City of Dallas non-emergency services.
- Environmental Sensors: An environmental sensor solution has been deployed by Ericsson within the Living Lab footprint. The solution measures four different types of pollutants as well as temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure and particulates (allergen levels). Additionally, Ericsson will provide the DIA the ability to monitor environmental data via a web application that is powered by the Ericsson ApploT Platform. Environmental monitoring requires analyzing high volumes of time-coded data that is generated by numerous sources. It is important to have a highly secure platform that can ingest the data, apply common logic and then make this data available to the City, the developer community and all local stakeholders.
"We could not be more thrilled to launch the first phase of the DIA Smart Cities Living Lab in Dallas' historic West End," said Jennifer Sanders, Executive Director, Dallas Innovation Alliance. "This effort is the culmination of the hard work and dedication of our partners across the City of Dallas, civic, academic, corporate partners and the community. We are particularly grateful for the support and leadership of AT&T in making this vision a reality for Dallas. This is just the beginning; we look forward to deploying additional solutions in the DIA Smart Cities Living Lab this year and rapidly expanding to other parts of the city."
Phase 2 of the Living Lab is expected to launch later this year. During the second phase, the DIA and AT&T expect to evaluate additional deployments of other smart cities solutions, as well as make enhancements to current services.

subset: commoncrawl


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Testosterone Therapy
What Is Bioidentical Testosterone Replacement
Testosterone is necessary in both men and women's everyday well-being. Unfortunately, everyone's testosterone levels decline steadily after age 30. To maintain optimal levels of the hormone, testosterone replacement therapy is necessary.
There are numerous benefits in maintaining optimal testosterone levels – including healthy libido, energy and mood.
Testosterone replacement, also known as testosterone supplementation, is administered to maintain optimum levels of the hormone and counter the steady decrease of testosterone levels in both men and women after age of 30.
Benefits and Effects of Testosterone Replacement
For Men
When it comes to hormones, testosterone is really the essence of what makes men who they are. When the natural levels of the hormone are threatened, it dramatically affects both their body and mind. On a physical level, low levels of testosterone can lead to the loss of lean muscle mass, headaches, sexual dysfunction, and even hair loss. The mental effects of low testosterone can often be more profound than the physical effects. Testosterone supplementation helps bring your testosterone levels back to optimal.
Testosterone supplementation has been clinically proven to treat the following symptoms in men:
For Women
Most often thought of as a male-specific hormone, testosterone is a vital hormone for women as well. Contrary to popular belief, both men and women have both testosterone and estrogen. Despite the fact that women have much lower levels of testosterone than men (usually about 90% lower), lower than normal levels of testosterone in women can have a dramatic effect on their lives as well.
Low testosterone levels occur in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, sometimes occurring before the age of 40.
In women (both pre and postmenopausal), low testosterone levels can cause symptoms of:
Forms of Testosterone Used for Replacement Therapy
Doses of testosterone can be administered:
Dr. Brandt will discuss the benefits of each option during your consultation and determine which format suits you best.
Advantages of Testosterone Pellets
Subcutaneous pellets are an excellent method of testosterone administration available at ThriveMD. Pellets are an ideal method of delivery for both men and women leading busy, active lifestyles who want to assure they are maximizing the benefits of testosterone therapy.
The pellets are made of bioidentical testosterone pressed into small cylinders (as pictured), and implanted into the soft tissue underneath the patient's skin. The in-office procedure is minor and takes about 15 minutes. Pellets provide a continuous, steady, slow release of testosterone over a 4-6 month period. This format allows for consistent 24 hours-a-day delivery that avoids fluctuations in hormone levels experienced with topical or injectable treatments. It also removes patient compliance issues that can arise from busy schedules, travel and just plain forgetfulness. Last but not least, the worry of transference of topical cream to children or partners is eliminated.
ThriveMD is one of Colorado's few practices experienced in implanting testosterone pellets.
This format allows for consistent 24 hours-a-day delivery that avoids fluctuations in hormone levels experienced with topical or injectable treatments. It also removes patient compliance issues that can arise from busy schedules, travel and just plain forgetfulness.
Getting Started on Testosterone Replacement Therapy
The different steps of your testosterone treatment take place at one of our Colorado facilities in Vail or Denver. Patients typically start feeling the benefits within 2-12 weeks.
To schedule your hormone evaluation, please contact us today.
Patients typically start feeling the benefits within 2-12 weeks.
Safety of Testosterone Replacement – A Proven Treatment
Alleged Heart and Prostate Health Risks
Several newspapers in early 2014 cited a flawed study that was retrospective, poorly designed, and implied negative cardiovascular effects from testosterone treatment. This could not be further from the truth. Read our testosterone safety blog post for a detailed review. There are numerous studies documenting the beneficial cardiovascular effects from testosterone optimization. Most recently, a large retrospective case-control urology study by Mayo Clinic showed that testosterone replacement therapy did not increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, irrespective of the route of administration or exposure window.
There are numerous studies documenting the beneficial cardiovascular effects from testosterone optimization.
In terms of the relationship between prostate cancer and testosterone supplementation, there have been numerous BHRT studies documenting no increased risk. A well-known Harvard urologist, Dr. Abraham Morgentaler, has devoted a large piece of his career to studying this issue. Prostate cancer is almost always contracted later in life when testosterone levels have significantly declined.
Testosterone Replacement Patients
The typical profile of a testosterone patient is often a Coloradan who want to improve mood, increase energy, increase libido and reduce the risks associated with the diseases of aging.
What Testosterone Patients Say
ThriveMD is delighted to receive online patient reviews, as well as testimonials during patient follow-ups. Please view our page dedicated to hormone therapy reviews. If you have been a patient, feel free to leave us your own review on Facebook, Google, or Vitals.
"I came to Dr Brandt after fighting an escalating cholesterol problem compounded by a lack of testosterone in my system. After some analysis and looking into my current conditions Dr Brandt created a plan for my specific situation and it was put into motion. Today after my 6 week checkup I was talking with Dr Brandt about not realizing how lousy I originally felt with my very low testosterone situation and worrying about my cholesterol which seemed to keep rising even though I was adjusting my diet and exercise. Today I can say that my cholesterol went from 238 to 183 in 6 weeks and my testosterone levels continue to recover which has me feeling good again. The effect of his treatments has left me feeling solid and encouraged about my future and ability to keep enjoying the things I love to do outside! If you feel like you got run over by a bus every day, take some action. There is help available.John from Vail Valley, Colorado, email, January 2014
28 year Vail Valley Local!"*
*Individual results may vary. Contact us today to find out if bioidentical hormone replacement therapy may be able to help you.


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It's important to learn about what mold is and where it thrives. Every kind of mold is a fungus, and share biology with mushrooms and athlete's foot, for example. The mold that is toxic to people is relatively uncommon in the fungi kingdom, meaning most kinds you find in your house or business aren't dangerous. However, some molds are dangerous, so any mold you find indoors must be mitigated and completely removed.
The best plan is to contact a black mold removal quote mentor oh company to clean up the mold if it is more than 3 square feet.in area. If you see mold, there is probably more trapped in drywall and crevices and elsewhere.
Before you contact mold cleanup specialists, the first step is to prevent the mold from getting worse. Turn off any HVAC systems. Next, work to halt the dripping or condensation that supplied the mold. For instance, make sure roof leaks are no longer flowing into your ceiling and staunch the flow of any water that has seeped into your basement. The next step is to contain the mold. You could block off the area in question with disposable tarps, for example.
Should you get a professional company to help or can you finish it by yourself? Beyond pondering the extent of the problem, think about any aggravating health issues that make you prone to risk.
Once you've made the decision, there are important things to do. If you're performing the cleanup, get started with gathering proper safety gear and cleaning supplies. You'll need non-ventilated goggles, clothes that are easy to wash and that cover your arms and legs, and mold-safe masks and gloves. You should also get dedicated rags and a disposable tarp or two that will help trap the mold you get off. Health officials agree that you should never leave moldy and unpainted drywall anywhere because it can't be cleaned thoroughly. A note on cleaning with bleach: Don't. Any bleach is less effective than other alternatives and often doesn't kill mold. Bleach-based cleaners is bad to breathe, particularly if it's ever mixed with substances such as Windex, which contains ammonia. Ask for better alternatives at the hardware store.
If you're concerned enough about mold damage to look for solutions on the web, you need a professional mold removal service. Don't hire a company focused in humid climates.
Before you choose anyone, check that they are licensed and registered properly and that they are approved by organizations such as the Restoration Industry Association, the Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration and Contractor Connection. You can also make sure the company knows and follows federal mold cleanup recommendations whether your mold is in a business or a residence.
You should remove any fungal growth you find to stop further mold damage, and do it right away. If not, mold growths will continue to feast on your home or business and will destroy your possessions.
The best way to clean up your mold damage is to get mold damage assistance. Don't wait another minute.
It is important to make sure that your family is prepared for difficult times such as car accidents, fires, break-ins, and unexpected deaths. After starting in 1931, Allstate Insurance has become an industry leader in auto, property, and life insurance. The main reason that Allstate has become so successful is the thousands of dependable insurance agents nationwide. By helping select the affordable insurance policies that work best for each situation, Allstate insurance agents are constantly placing the customer first.
Visit your local Allstate agent and learn more about our coverage and resources. Prepare for the worst by selecting the most customer-friendly insurance company in America, Allstate Insurance.Auto Insurance Annapolis MD
Fire Damage aa'¬" ItWhat To Do After a Fire doesn't matter what sits in their path, fires will destroy it. Your skilled Paul Davis team can completely inspect the extent of your fire damage, provide repairs for structural damage, and clean your personal possessions. Fire damage is typically joined by by water used by firefighters. We'll also clean up this water and treat affected areas. Our goal is to get any property back to normal quickly after fire damage.
Smoke Damage aa'¬" The flames are not the only thing that can damage a property. Damage from smoke can appear in nearly any part of your home-even in places that didn't burn. We'll determine the full scope of your damage, remove odors, and purify the area. Don't leave your smoke damage restoration up to chance; call the experts at your local Paul Davis location!
What You'll Get From Paul Davis
At Paul Davis, we are dedicated to restoring your home from the fire and smoke damage you've dealt with. You will always find personalized attention and prompt service when you call Paul Davis. Please contact us today to learn more about affordable fire damage restoration delaware oh and how we can help you recover from a fire.
Fire Damage aa'¬" A fire will destroy everything they can, no matter what it is and how much it cost to purchase. Your local Paul Davis team can completely inspect the full extent of your fire damage, repair your home, and clean up or replace your personal belongings. We'll also extract all water in your home and provide mold removal for all affected areas. We want to get your property to its previous condition fast, no matter the extent of your damage.
Smoke Damage aa'¬" Property damage following a fire will not be limited to what is done by the flames. Damage from smoke can happen just about anywhere-even in spots that aren't burned. Paul Davis trained restoration specialists can pinpoint all areas where smoke is present, eliminate odors, and sanitize the air in that area. Have you dealt with smoke damage recently? If so, now is the time to talk to your local Paul Davis team!
What You'll Get From Paul Davis
This Paul Davis franchise has the fire and smoke restoration tools to provide all the help you need following a fire. You'll always find prompt service and personalized attention, no matter what the situation is. Please call us now to find out more about affordable emergency smoke remediation delaware oh and how we can help you recover from a fire.


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Delivery Options / Shipping & Handling
Delivery Options
Standard delivery orders are shipped via ground service, and generally arrive in 10-15 business days. For even faster delivery, we offer express shipment by Next Day or 2nd Day delivery service on most items. Shipments to Hawaii or Alaska may result in additional charges.
Standard Shipping and Handling is a Flat Rate of $9.95*
Express packages will ship anywhere in the contiguous United States for an additional $15.00 for 2nd Day Express Service or an additional $25.00 for Standard Overnight Service. Express shipment orders for in-stock items placed by 10:00 a.m. Eastern, Monday - Friday, will ship the same day. Next Day or 2nd Day shipments that ship on Friday will be delivered the following Monday or Tuesday, respectively. All delivery dates are subject to carrier holidays. Call 1-888.947.2237 toll-free for more information or if you have a question about your order.
* Shipments to Hawaii or Alaska may result in additional charges
* 2nd Day Express Service, add $15 (not available for AK or HI)
* Standard Overnight Service, add $25 (not available for AK or HI)
APO/FPO Shipments
Due to federal security regulations, we are unable to ship items containing liquid to APO/FPO addresses. When ordering items containing liquid, please provide a physical shipping address.
International Shipments
International shipments will be assessed surcharges, where applicable, to recover a portion of the high cost of shipping, customs, and taxes imposed on products shipped from the U.S. into other countries.
For international orders other than Canada, please call Customer Service toll-free at 1-888-947-2237 to receive a freight quote.
If you are a Dealer, please refer to the Dealer Portal for Delivery Options/Shipping and Handling
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Shibdas Ghosh
Source: Socialist Unity Centre of India (SUCI) (used with kind permission)
Date: April 24, 1966
First published: May, 1966 (in Bengali)
HTML Markup: Salil Sen for MIA, December 2009
Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2009). You may freely copy, distribute, display and perform this work; as well as make derivative and commercial works. Please credit "Marxists Internet Archive" as your source.
In the late fifties people seethed with anger and discontent against exploitation and oppression under dispensation of the Congress rulers. The self-styled Marxist and leftist parties channeled the popular outbursts into alleys of aimless, disorganized agitations, aiming only to reap petty electoral dividend while working masses bore the brunt of state repression.
In this background, Comrade Shibdas Ghosh delivered this address, wherein he analyses the root-cause which has driven the country into this sordid impasse. For the people, he shows the way out to close in on winning emancipation.
Comrade President and Friends,
You heard why this meeting has been convened today. There are many issues which need to be discussed. The situation of the whole country has become so critical and complex that a discussion on it would require a lot of time. Many points are there to discuss. But you see, we do not have so much time in this meeting. So, I want to raise before you some of the basic issues and draw your attention to a few basic questions. Firstly, there are certain events or facts which are acknowledged by all today. You too realize these in the core of your heart; every day you are discussing and deliberating on them. As you find, even though India became independent long ago, still the basic problems of the Indian society have not been solved. Of course, it is true, there has been construction of roads and some factories have been set up. But what is important to note is that while some new factories have come up, many more which were in existence closed down at the same time. There has been no solution to the unemployment problem. The earlier understanding, which we had, was that with industries developing, the unemployment problem gradually declines; as industrial revolution begins, unemployment gets reduced. In this country we find just the opposite. As some industries are coming up, it is being claimed that through planning we are proceeding on the way to industrial revolution. But the more we are trying to proceed with this planning, the more we find the unemployment problem growing by the day. What is the reason for it? This is one of the basic questions confronting our national life.
Secondly, the moral standard of the whole nation is declining day by day. In the mind of people of all walks of life, it has become a matter of serious concern. This being a reality in our country, we are thinking deeply about it — we have to go into its cause, no doubt. But today, if you look at the entire capitalist world, you will see that this problem has become an international problem. In the USA itself and also in Europe, centring round teenagers, a serious problem has appeared. The moral standard of all the capitalist countries today is rapidly falling. What is the reason for it? In our country, too, all of us have been crying hoarse over the cultural standard; that the moral standard of the nation is going down. What is the reason — this is another basic question. On these two questions I shall mainly concentrate my discussion. Then as regards the solution to these two problems, if time permits, I shall deal with it afterwards.
The first pertinent point is that though the country is politically independent, we must keep it in mind that the very use of the word "country'', or when we talk of ''the country's interest'', when we, or whoever it be, use these words simply like that, they conceal a vital truth both from themselves and from the masses. The truth is that today our society is not an undivided, not an indivisible society. No matter, whether we want it or not, whether we like it or not, our society, in accordance with the inexorable law of history, is class-divided. On one side there is the capitalist class, the owners of all wealth and means of production who own and control the entire production, trade and commerce of the country. On the other side there are the have-nots, the proletariat who sell their labour power, who are not the owners. Whether one likes it or not, this social reality cannot be dismissed by a pen-stroke, by any wishful theory. If one does so, one will land in great trouble. And in this country such troubles have been brought on. In this country we have concealed this stark reality with catchwords like ''country's interest'', "national planning'', ''national development'' — we have concealed it not only from ourselves but from the masses, we didn't let people know it. While delivering lectures, writing articles, participating in debates on "national planning", even we who call ourselves leftists, we do not try to raise this question straightaway, be it in Parliament or Assembly, we do not try to highlight every day that in a class-divided society no planning, no ''national planning" can be free from class interest. Either it would operate in the interest of the capitalist class labelled as the ''national interest'' or would be in the interest of the working class, the real national interest. Those who want to adamantly deny this truth actually deceive themselves if they are honest, and if they are dishonest, then obviously nothing more needs to be spelt out. If they are honest they deceive themselves as well as the people. And this way the people of the country are being deceived continuously.
So, what I want to tell you straight is that the economic system, the state structure, that prevails in our country is a capitalist economic system, a capitalist state structure — a reality that cannot be denied by any trickery of words. Though, I know, there are one or two political parties which pose as Marxist-Leninists and always proclaim themselves to be diehard revolutionaries, they are trying to deny this truth, resorting to any means, in the name of analysis with jugglery of words. However, it is not possible to judge their activities or examine their political analyses in today's discussion. So, I am not entering into this. Earlier in various discussions and writings of ours we dealt with these issues. In today's address I shall try in particular to discuss, in broad terms, some characteristic features of our capitalist economic system and political system. I think, in order to thoroughly comprehend the problems of our capitalist economic and political system, to realize them properly, it is of utmost importance to understand to a certain extent the present-day features of the capitalist world.
The present-day capitalist world is faced with a grave crisis. This is not a crisis of general pattern with which we are conversant. Until the Second World War the crisis in the capitalist world was of a completely different kind. Crisis was there. Since the beginning of the 20th century when capitalism acquired imperialist character, it got battered with crisis. Yet, after the Second World War the nature of the crisis into which capitalism-imperialism plunged bears an altogether different character. Its difference from the old crisis lies in the fact that even amid innumerable crises in the past, and despite the worldwide depression or monetary crisis of 1930-1932, there had been in the old one a relative stability in the capitalist world market. To make out why I say this, it has to be understood that the capitalist world and its society, its production system, are market-based. The foundation of the entire production system rests on demand and supply. What is the necessity of the people — to plan on its basis, to produce on the basis of this and distribute accordingly — the capitalist economy has no bearing on these. The nature and character of the capitalist economy is such that it is solely governed by the demand of the market, which is invariably linked with people's purchasing power, solely on consideration of what will be the amount of profit coming out of the sale of goods. To put it in other words, on all these rests the foundation of the capitalist economy. So, if there is no stability of the market then the capitalist economy's state of existence becomes highly volatile. However, until the Second World War, until the last War, despite a thousand crises and many depressions, the capitalist world maintained all along a relative stability. But the crisis that ensued after the Second World War was a daily, hourly crisis. The earlier relative stability of the capitalist market is no more today, it has disappeared, that condition of the capitalist market has ceased to exist now. And because that relative stability has disappeared, the very state of existence of any capitalist economic system in this epoch is confronted with a new world situation. Till the last quarter of the nineteenth century, different countries in Europe, America were able to develop and advance through capitalist economic planning. The question arises that in our country, if we do some planning why will not also the capitalist economy, this backward economy, develop within the capitalist framework — why will it not also develop as rapidly, with the same speed, same method and based on the same ideals with which capitalism, the industrial revolution, developed in those countries? To find the answer, we have to take into view the present world capitalist market and international situation. Only then can we understand why the planning and the crisis are running side by side in our country. We make plans, but the plans are associated with a shadow of crisis. On one side, we are making provisions for employment; on the other, the already existing industries are collapsing. We cannot sustain them. In the existing capitalist economic structure it is not possible to make any radical land reform. For, if we go in for farming with the help of technology or highly developed machines, the labourers thus being created surplus at one stroke would rush to the towns. Consequently, the towns would collapse under the pressure of this army of unemployed. The rulers of the capitalist state cannot venture to take this risk. For, there works no industrial planning to provide them with employment. So, such speedy industrial development in the existing capitalist structure is in no way possible.
But this situation notwithstanding, some planning for development is going on, the government has to do something. But while carrying out the planning they are faced with insurmountable hurdles at every step. There are two reasons behind this. One, the earlier relative stability of the market does not exist any more. Moreover, there is extreme competition. On the one hand, they have to compete with the Western imperialist countries. In what environment did the earlier capitalist countries grow? The entire world was their colony — they divided those colonies among themselves and grew depending on the world market. But what is the situation the backward capitalist countries like ours are confronted with today? On the one hand, they face market competition with the Western imperialist countries. Again each of the newly independent countries wants to develop itself and is striving to do so in the capitalist path. A big chunk of the countries, the socialist camp, has already gone out of the capitalist camp. After this in what remains of the capitalist camp there are a thousand and one competitors. As for the competition with the Western imperialists, we, the backward countries in unison, are trying to confront the situation. Again we ourselves are engaged in a scramble for the market. For that we quarrel among ourselves. Among ourselves, the one that is a bit more strong and dominating, economically consolidated, is trying to subdue others. It wants to invest capital in the market of other countries; it wants to increase its own export to other countries turning those into mainly import dependent countries. Hence, the centre of contradiction lies here. So, we find, on the one side, this intense contradiction, conflict and crisis in the international capitalist market. On the other side, what is the internal condition of our country? Most of the people are turning out to be unemployed. The labourers are ill-paid. In our country 75 per cent of the people are farmers who do not get jobs for more than three months a year. The purchasing power of this vast population living in the villages is practically nil — they are simply paupers, totally devoid of purchasing power. In the capitalist economy there cannot be any production when there is no sale of the product for at least a marginal profit. They would not go in for such production. They would produce less and sell products among a small number of people at a higher price to reap profit. Invariably there will be scarcity in the country. For, production in our country runs according to the basic law of capitalist economy. So you see, the internal market of the country is getting more and more squeezed with every passing day. We have failed to provide the minimum of clothing for people, for the peasant women of this country to wear. We have not been able to ensure the minimum clothing for all the persons in this country to cover their body. But bale after bale of cloth which the workers produce through hard toil in our country are sent to foreign markets. The plea is: we want foreign currency, so we need to increase our export. Because, for the development of industries machines have to be imported from other countries. Actually, this is another grand hoax. There is a need for it, no doubt. But there is also another side to it. The commodities to be produced with these machines would have got stacked unless there was a market abroad. Here there is hardly one to purchase those goods. How many people are there to buy these goods at the price fixed up by the producer-capitalists? It is not that there are no buyers, but there are none to purchase goods at that price. That is, compared to the spiralling rise in prices of the commodities people's income is so meagre that their purchasing power is steadily going down. The ill-paid workers, the large army of unemployed and 75 per cent of peasants have no purchasing power. This being the situation in the country how can economic development take place? Crying hoarse about planning — will it facilitate the process? Hence today the entire economy of the country has plunged into a deep crisis.
Another point I want to dwell on here, which I would also like to bring to the attention of many an economist of our country. For whatsoever reason, many fail to understand or do not want to accept it. But I firmly believe it, and hence I want to place it before you. I request you to reflect over it. Our country is comparatively backward and that is why it is being said that neither the tendency of fascization, nor the tendency towards militarization of industry can appear here. But I firmly hold, despite being a backward capitalist country, this is just what is happening in our country. The bogey that has been raised 'increase military budget' and the fact that the national Emergency is still continuing — there is a serious economic reason behind these. Its basis is that whatever planning we are undertaking, whatever industrial planning there is and steel plants are coming up, we are still not able to produce all kinds of quality steel. As a result, we have to import various kinds of quality steel from abroad to meet our needs, on the one hand, and, on the other, again much of the steel produced in our own steel plants has to be sold in the foreign market. Because, what use has our country's market for it? You are not going to eat steel. The cry 'increase steel production' is pointless if industries of various consumer goods and other light industries do not grow in our country— otherwise to what use will this steel be put ? So, the steel we are already producing requires, due to crisis of external markets, an artificial stimulation in the internal market for its consumption. Where will we use it for consumption? As you see, the external market is practically blocked; the internal market is being squeezed. Then in such a situation the steel plants would close down overnight, the steel production would stop with steel stacked up and stockpiled. From the very necessity of artificial stimulation of the internal market, eventually the state itself is increasingly becoming the purchaser of such production. Hence, the clamour 'expand defence industry', even if the people of the country are to go without food as a result. Since there is crisis of external market and also squeeze in of internal market, the defence industry and military construction have to be developed to sustain the given pace of industrialization, to some extent at least, in the given circumstance in India. This is why, based on deficit financing and thus breeding inflation, the state becomes purchaser of steel and various types of essential products for defence. As a matter of fact, the mindset that clearly works behind the slogan 'we shall have to strengthen our defence' is in the main prompted by this very necessity of staving off the crisis of market, both internal and external, from which the capitalist economy of the country is suffering. Yet that cannot be revealed to the people. So, in order to carry the people along with them, they need a politics before the people of the country, that is, the national Emergency — 'the country is in danger from all sides, enemies all around are about to attack, India is about to be swallowed up — so we have to put our whole strength behind defence'. But we have to understand that the actual reason for it is lying in our economy. The economy is a crisis-ridden economy which is trying to stave off the crisis, to the extent possible, by taking recourse to militarization. The fact that Emergency and DIR or Defence of India Rule is still in force in our land reaffirms this contention of mine. Almost all sections of the people, all political parties have time and again demanded withdrawal of Emergency. Despite this why has the Emergency and DIR still not been repealed? Over the last four years peace prevails on the northern borders. The war with Pakistan has come to an end, and there is no war-like situation with the Tashkent agreement concluded. Notwithstanding this why are Emergency and DIR even today not being lifted although the different political parties have unitedly raised the demand for it ? To realize its social, political and economic significance, you have to thoroughly grasp the discussion which I have just made, although that has been done very briefly. Thus you see, this is the inner face, the real face of planning of our so-called socialist society, the true significance, the real face of our 'national planning'. So, when we go on clamouring 'we don't get food, there are no civil liberties', and so on and so forth; when we go on developing people's movement, we need to have a clear understanding of this very real picture as well as the character of the Indian ruling class.
I also want to discuss another point here. In the post-Second World War period when the waves of revolutionary movements were sweeping from one end to another of India, this country's political leaders of the party of the Tatas and Birlas backstabbed such a great anti-imperialist freedom struggle from one side, and the British imperialists did the same from another side. When a revolutionary struggle was developing, together they hatched, apparently with great finesse and very cleverly, a compromise, and by chanting the slogan of 'freedom' they doused the fire of patriotism, as if by administering an intoxicating drug. The fruits of the freedom of our country came into the hands of the bourgeoisie, the capitalists. We started dancing with joy: the country has attained independence. This is not to say that independence was not achieved. I do admit, yes, the country has become politically independent. You see, the pertinent point is that simple independence was not our aim. We wanted the rule of the workers and peasants, the real democratic rights of the people, their right to live. One thing we realized even at that very time: the nation that is engaged in freedom struggle against the British rule was not an indivisible one. Indeed it was already divided into two antagonistic classes — the capitalist class, on the one hand, the workers, peasants and the toiling millions, on the other. That freedom, when attained, would be shared by both the classes, both of them would unitedly develop the country — this is propagated by none but the bluffers. The pertinent truth is, if independence is achieved and if power goes into the hands of the capitalist class, the working class will have to forge another struggle for emancipation. The struggle was conducted against the British rulers for freedom, but its fruit was usurped by the bourgeoisie. Hence the working class, the toiling millions will have to engage once more in the struggle to achieve emancipation. But if, as a result of independence, power really went into the hands of the proletariat, then the people of the country also would have attained complete emancipation through one single freedom struggle. That is why our freedom movement had two objectives — the country's independence as well as the people's emancipation. Independence has been achieved but not people's emancipation. People have been betrayed. The capitalist class has come to power. Now, this capitalist system is leading the country in an irreversible course with two consequences. What are they? Now, I am going to say a few words on this.
The first one is, when we had just attained freedom from the clutches of imperialism, in the initial stage the country had to adopt an anti-imperialist role and the national bourgeoisie had to maintain initially an anti-imperialist stance for a certain period. The representatives and political leaders of the capitalist class in this country had to do so in their own interest. At that time they felt that for the sake of this country's economic development they had to adopt a give and take policy and bargain with the imperialists. And through this bargaining they aimed to extract advantage from both the imperialist and socialist camps. According to some people this is a rather intelligent tactic, and Jawaharlal Nehru a great intelligent man! India needs such a man! In my opinion, the tactic might be good. But in whose interest is it, the people or the Tatas and Birlas? Who is going to benefit, who is going to get advantage out of this plan — the people, or the capitalists of the country? Is it consolidating the rule of the capitalist class, or is it further advancing the cause of people's emancipation, or is that becoming far more difficult to achieve? The question lies here. The more the bourgeoisie of this country are concentrating power in their hands, the more they are snatching away by force the democratic rights of the people. They are ruling as they want it. They are not at all for preservation of people's rights, rather they are snatching away personal liberties and civil liberties; they are abusing power autocratically within the country. The problem of food, of provision for such other minimum basic needs is not being possible to solve. Emancipation of the workers from capitalist exploitation within this system cannot be conceived of. I have already said that many issues crop up, but I cannot deal with all of them in this meeting. For example, there is the issue like nationalization of industries in this capitalist state. What it is — whether it is socialism, whether it would bring emancipation to the working class, whether it has any relevance to socialism. In plain words, I want to say — no. The reason is that through nationalization of industries in the capitalist state, state monopoly capitalism has developed which is the rock bottom foundation of fascism. In this country nationalization of industries is laying the foundation of fascism and not of socialism, though this is being done with the label of socialism. The real meaning of socialism is altogether different. In socialism the basic motive force of production changes. The production relations change. With this, the class character of the state changes. The principle of law and order, its very moral background also changes. The structure of law and order in our country is still a continuation of the imperialist tradition even today having basically no contradiction with it. If you just ponder over it, you would see that, let alone repealing the repressive laws enacted during the British rule, they have been introducing even more draconian laws. For, those earlier laws have become inadequate for their purpose. So, following the same line they are continually devising new laws and black Acts and constantly thinking of making them more repressive and coercive — these are being done in the name of security of the nation. It is on this point that I raised the question initially — whose nation is it? Is it the nation of the Tatas and the Birlas, or that of the toiling millions? The nation of the Tatas, Birlas, or of the people who toil for a living ? Had it been the nation of the toiling people, there would have been no need to impose such draconian laws on those very people in the name of national security. Rather, if needed, these should have been enforced on the black-marketeers, on the anti-social elements, on the Tatas and the Birlas, on the agents of the imperialists. But just the opposite is happening. They are applied here as punitive measures to suppress the legitimate democratic movements of the people. Who are disturbing law and order in this country? The people themselves, it is being said. According to their version the people who constitute the nation, they themselves are endangering law and order. Their nation, therefore, is not the nation of the people, but the nation of the Tatas and Birlas! The law and order serves the latter, under whose millstone the people are being crushed. Those people cannot obey that law and order throughout their life — at best out of fear, reluctantly and worn out they carry its burden for some time. But when it becomes unbearable, their accumulated grievance bursts out, they want to defy this law and order, they want to break it. It is quite natural. This will happen again and again and this is what is happening at present also in the country. People had fought in the past, they are fighting at present and will do so in future, too. This fight sometimes assumes an intense character, sometimes takes a very militant form, sometimes it bursts forth violently, sometimes losing its momentum, when it slows down.
But the fight is continuing and will keep on continuing. However, two questions always appear before these fights, again and again. The first one is: what ideology does provide such inspiration on the strength of which a firm political objective can steadily emerge before the movements which are developing centring round problems of daily life and other immediate demands ? And the second question relates to different aspects of organizational problems in different stages of conducting movements. These two problems that appear again and again in movements every time — we have not yet been able to solve them. If we are to solve them in the future, then our political outlook which is getting muddled up day by day has to become clear first. And the main question on which our political awareness remains blunted is that in a class divided society instead of trying to induce and develop the class consciousness, almost all of us in unison, are chewing the cud of catchwords like 'national interest', 'national planning', 'national development'. One thing has to be always kept in mind concerning these catchwords, and which the political leaders, too, not to speak of those calling themselves Marxist-Leninists but others also have to be asked: which class interest, which class planning, which class development do you mean by national planning and national development? If your purpose is to develop anti-capitalist revolutionary consciousness, then why are you averse to propagating the class ideology and object of each of the movements? But what does my saying all this matter? You see, they are all national heroes, national leaders ! No one intends to project himself as a class leader. They do not dare to do so as they want to win elections! The votes of the middle class, upper middle class and the rich have to be got. The votes of all the people have to be pocketed! They are aware that unless they manage to somehow unite all sections of the people, one cannot get the votes of all sections of the people as they desire. You see, class battle means a serious hindrance to them in their electioneering activity. Hence you find, knowingly or unknowingly, the very interest of electioneering is becoming the overriding aspect of our politics, behind all our practice and behaviour. All of us want struggle and we do conduct such struggles, too. But if the tactics with which these struggles are being conducted are analysed then it would clearly be revealed that the main political outlook behind all these movements is mainly agitation oriented. Hence it may not be nice to hear, but the fact is that since struggles basically remain confined to the stage of agitational movements, these ultimately serve the interest of whipping up election fever. So, I say, all their talk about struggle is simply election oriented, their struggles are but struggles to whip up electoral fever. Whereas the real object of struggle is to achieve people's emancipation— to hasten it up through struggle, to educate the people through struggles and while gradually organizing people to ultimately decide the question of their emancipation that either we shall wrest people's emancipation peacefully — you will relinquish power, and we shall seize it or if you resist, it will be settled by way of revolution. But what is wanted is people's liberation, it has to be achieved by all means; even today people's liberation has not been attained. The toiling millions of the country have not achieved liberation, they are yet to achieve emancipation from class exploitation.
You see, these national leaders, those who claim themselves to be national leaders, while drawing up plans they never reveal to the people that these plans have been designed in the interest of the capitalist class. What they alone discuss about the plan is that it has got defects here and there. But I say the entire planning is vile. Its sole motive is to further consolidate the entire capitalist system — how to extricate it from the crisis in which it is enmeshed. Whenever it plunges in a crisis their concern is to find out ways and means to extricate it from that so as to prolong its existence. Then what is the need for you to bring about some petty changes here and there through some minor omissions and trivial suggestions and alterations. This is their concern — it is the headache of the representatives of that class, of those who defend the interest of that class. Your task is to clearly bring home to the people that it is not a question of minor reforms of the planning. This very planning itself will ruin the entire country, it will ruin the entire population of the country; it is a conspiracy to utterly ruin the people and further promote the interests of the capitalists. And this conspiracy is being passed off in the name of national interest, in the name of patriotism. Patriotism, true patriotism, if it does not mean love for the people, if it does not uphold the interest of the people, then it is not patriotism. That patriotism which motivates serving capitalism is no patriotism, it is nothing but shameless servility to the monopoly capitalist system. And this is what is being practised in this country. What is being observed is that while talking aloud about defending 'national interest', knowingly or unknowingly, such slavery is being indulged in. So this question needs to be settled straightforward. We have to remember that our country has attained independence, capitalist state power is in existence, capitalist social system is in existence and a capitalist government is well-established. So, our course of action, our political goal is the people's anti-capitalist liberation struggles. The people's emancipation which we should have achieved through our freedom struggle — we failed to do due to lack of correct leadership. So, in developing movements, the question of leadership turns out to be a crucial one. After discussing this last question, I shall take my leave.
Movements come about in this country; this time also one has occurred, and the movement witnessed this time is unprecedented in our history, unprecedented in the history of mass struggle. I could not be personally involved in the movement this time owing to illness. I was away for treatment. Yet I have closely observed all the developments. I am well acquainted with what has happened, with whatever went on as my party was one of the constituents of that movement. You all know that our party was involved in this movement. So, I have all the information, I know what has happened. And from this experience, one thing has come uppermost in my mind. What is it ?
I do not know whether you remember it, many of you perhaps heard my discussion, my speech of last 24th April at a similar gathering here. At that time a view was widely prevalent in the political quarters that the people do not want to fight, they are indifferent to movements. The only thing that concerns them is elections. I said, it is wrong to think so. The people will fight again. No one can say when their anger will explode like a bomb in society. Don't say that the people of the country are not willing to fight. Yes, they have suffered, time and again they have trusted the leadership and fought; time and again they have laid down their lives. True it is that failing as yet to recover from the atrocities they suffered in the 59 movement has given rise to this ongoing repercussion. Having seen this it is our feeling that the people do not want to fight any more! Being subjected to repression again and again, when their sufferings will cross all limits, then the anger of these very people will explode again like a bomb. Even so, a question remains. Which is, despite having burst out in anger, having rushed to the arena of struggle, being prepared to sacrifice their lives, baring chest to bullets, having thrown challenges to the police like ''Shoot us, fire as many bullets as you have,'' despite the people having come forward in this manner, the leadership is found to have collapsed just like a thrombosis patient. What this leadership understands is agitation only. They do not even know how to organize the masses when they jump into movement, how to transform them into an organized army in order to carry out a disciplined protracted battle — to conduct a militant struggle, not just a sporadic outburst. Here it is needless to say that we will not let our resources be wasted — nothing will be allowed to happen in an unpurposive and unplanned way. If need be we will retreat. But when we will strike it shall be an organized attack which cannot be subdued by any military or any police force within days. But what is the result if it is a sporadic spontaneous outburst from people's accumulated anger? The movement continues on its own for as long as it can, but after a few days a time comes when it fizzles out on its own.
And just when it is fizzling out, the leaders of these parties say, there is nothing left in the movement any more, nothing more can be done now, nothing more will come out. So, let there be an honourable settlement and save the prestige somehow. And what has happened, glorify it, pat the back of the people who fought, praise them profusely. To these leaders the issue is like this : whatever loss the people incurred as the consequence of onslaught of repression is theirs alone. If there is victory, it is well and good. But there is no harm even in defeat, even if demands are not achieved. For even if frustrated a bit, the people are sure to become anti-Congress, develop tremendous anger against the administration. These leaders will capitalize on that and reap dividends in the elections. So, they go on stirring up the people into agitation with reports of how many people have fought in the movement how many have been killed, how intense the battle has been! That is sufficient, nothing else matters! This is what struggle is about! Such fights will recur and they will reap rich benefits in the ballot box !
My question is : is this what leadership is about? But this is what is happening over and again in this country. This is what I call pure and simple demagogic leadership. Their objective is not to educate the people, but only to win cheap popularity. When people have to be taught about organization and inculcated with the ideology, when they have to be taught the tactics of the movement — how to fight, how to advance, how to retreat — at that very juncture, having aroused the people with harangue and winning cheap applause these leaders withdraw from struggle. This is the characteristic of our leaders.
I am going to say a little more about the leaders, because in this leader-centric country the tendency is such that people are bent on simply following the leader and that too in a blind, uncritical way. The country is known for blind obedience to Gurus. We are yet to get rid of such psyche and practice, we are yet to overcome this pernicious habit. Hence the integrity of the leaders, the standard of their political consciousness, their dedication to revolution and their personal code of conduct — these are all vitally important questions here. For, in most cases the people mould their character and political consciousness based on the example set by the conduct of these leaders. Naturally, if the leaders cannot free themselves from all kinds of careerism and various tendencies of opportunism, people's revolutionary character, sense of discipline and political awareness cannot be distinctly forged. Therefore, to strengthen the leadership of the movement the trend of opportunism and careerism which has become vividly and increasingly manifest in the character of many a leader needs to be severely criticized — I believe so.
The parties which so long have been providing leadership to the movements in our country are basically election-oriented parties. Be these self-styled, fake Marxist-Leninists or bearers of Left or Right 'communist' flags, be they contenders of this ism or that ism — their bottom line is the same, they are absolutely election-oriented parties. On the eve of the movements whenever we proposed to the United Left Front (ULF) Committee to organize, to build up people's committees as the revolutionary force in the mass movements, that is, to build up people's instrument of struggle, they insisted: organize ULF Committee of different constituent parties. That is, instead of people's committees they stressed on forming ULF committees with representatives of different parties at various levels. But these ULF committees, as a matter of fact can never replace the function of the people's committees. If an organic link is to be established between the leadership and the people who join the movement and take part in struggle then it is necessary to build up people's committees consisting of chosen people possessing due qualities from among the participants in the movement at different stages. Instead, if the ULF committees are formed simply with representatives of different parties they have no other role than releasing press statements and giving directions only. In such a situation what happens then? When people are inflamed to fight they will fight in the streets and we, the leaders, would go there by car on being informed, if necessary, and deliver an oration and then depart. We do not know who are taking to the streets and who are fighting, where they are retreating to and wherefrom are they coming! The attitude appears to be like this: we need not bother about all this information. The fighting masses are the common men on the street, they take to the streets to fight and merge into the crowds in the streets again. That is enough to serve our purpose. But why is it enough? Because the hardship suffered by these people throughout the movement foments contempt for the Congress, breeds intense hatred against it. If the movement meets with a setback it is not that they do not criticize the leadership also. But the way the leaders think is : however much the people may criticize us, basically they cannot but be anti-Congress. And if we contest the election then for whom else but us will they cast their votes? In that case what does it matter if there is a bit of criticism? Those who think in this way are evil charlatans; very clever and unscrupulous in furthering their self-interest, they wreak havoc. These very charlatans are deeply entrenched in the political arena of the country today, having usurped a large part of the leadership.
That is why I say, a struggle needs to be led on the basis of an ideology and well thought out organizational planning. A struggle does not materialize by resorting to just any means. Similarly, an organization can never be built up by taking recourse to just any means. An ideology will have to be upheld before it. What is that ideology the Lefts have upheld other than the routine demands of food, clothes and education? The Congress is trying to implant an ideology, an idea among the people. That is national chauvinism. They are trying to pass off this national chauvinism as patriotism. Some Leftists are raising the slogan of people's democracy, some again are superficially raising the slogan of socialism. But what kind of socialism? Where lies its difference with national chauvinism and where is it in conflict with the latter? Where does it agree with patriotism, where with nationalism and what is its contradiction with it? They do not consider it to be their prime responsibility to clarify all these questions to the people. But if these questions are not clarified, the purpose of the struggle not explained, it does not become a clear thought in the mind of the people. This is nothing else than throwing a stone in the dark. Simply on the basis of a grievance, a hatred fostered in our mind, we burst out violently against the personified expression of the administration we set eyes on. This grievance is bound to explode. As is well known to all, every time people had to countenance worst form of oppression and persecution. But it is also true that people have their own way to fight back and as such they will invariably give their own reply to repression — whether with a leader guiding them or not. Hence, my emphasis is that a distinct ideology is a must for movements. What is that ideology of ours? This is our ideology of socialism and proletarian internationalism. There cannot be any socialism, true socialism, without proletarian internationalism. Socialism divorced from proletarian internationalism is worst opportunism, perhaps worse than national jingoism. But you see, that very socialism exists among some of us who claim to be Leftists! Among us Leftists there exist such type of socialists who have not the slightest obligation to proletarian internationalism. They do not feel any obligation. They feel proud of their nationalistic orientation. Still they speak of socialism. But wherein lies the danger of such pseudo-socialism? Maybe, they also do not know. And what is more, we have kept the people too almost completely in the dark about it. That is why I am saying that the people of the country should have to understand this. Those who speak of socialism must be proletarian internationalists because socialism cannot but be proletarian internationalism. But for this, any other type of socialism is in reality a variety of either Nehruvian socialism or Morarji's socialism, Bertrand Russell's socialism, or socialism of Nasser of Egypt, or similar such varieties of socialism set forth by various people — but through none of these is there any possibility of establishing scientific socialism. Nor has it come about anywhere in the world. What has been established is either capitalism or fascism, or Hitler-Mussolini's socialism that brought on nothing else than fascism. They too did vociferously clamour for their variety of socialism, but what they brought on was fascism, chauvinist militancy, national chauvinism, jingoism — anything but socialism. So, we have to keep in mind this inextricable relation holding between the ideology of socialism and proletarian internationalism. Whenever socialism does not admit of any obligation to proletarian internationalism, it clearly turns out to be usurping the good name of socialism. There is no doubt about it and there can be no compromise whatsoever in this regard. This usurpation you must detect. If you can detect it, then you can do the screening of who among the so-called Marxist-Leninists gets eliminated at the first instance. It has to be kept in mind that the matter does not end simply with verbal declarations. It must be ascertained further whether you have been able to make the correct scientific analysis of the Indian social system, and been able to apply the socialist ideals in the concrete conditions of India. Whether or not you have diagnosed the malaise of the Indian society, of Indian nationalism as well as the moral degradation of the country. Has the disease been diagnosed? In the case of moral degeneration, the disease is an ideological crisis. In the era of Kshudiram, at the time of freedom movement in the country, we heard the youth of Bengal being hailed as the ''flowers of Bengal''. Students in large numbers took to the streets leaving homes, coming out of schools and colleges, sacrificing their career to fight for the cause of freedom. They were dauntless to embrace the gallows, they did not fear to go to jail, to suffer tortures. In culture, in poetic works, in literature, in all these spheres we witnessed the forward march of the people. But today in every field of culture, literature or poetic works, we witness a blatant appeasement of the capitalist class, the class in power or in other words bootlicking of the capitalists — a trouble-free progressivism! That progressivism is to be cultivated, which is totally risk-free ! Such progressivism is to be cultivated which excludes the danger of the noose around one's neck, excludes the danger of the gallows, excludes the fear of imprisonment, the fear of the bludgeon of the capitalist class! We shall have to cultivate that type of risk-free progressivism, of course, taking adequate guard and remaining on the safe side! This crisis is thus one of ideology, of culture. And its root cause, its basis lies in the economic crisis which I have already discussed. The same holds true for America, too. All this furore over teenagers' crisis — it is a problem — the root cause of this problem lies in the foundation of their society. This shows that the American society is lost in a mess. It has lost its ideology. The nationalism of Jefferson and Lincoln, their ideals of patriotism and democracy which once inspired the American nation as a liberty-seeking people and which attracted the entire world — that same liberty turning into a privilege, personal liberty in the American society has degenerated into mere personal privilege.
So when something, some ideology turns into a privilege, it loses its revolutionary and progressive character. An ideology emerges in history through conflict and contradiction between the main antagonistic forces in the society in order to establish a new social order by demolishing the old ideology. But that ideology, too, in its course, with changing social conditions transforms into the ideology of the vested interest. Then it becomes the privilege of the vested interest. And when it becomes a privilege it can no longer inspire any nation or people. It then breeds only slaves — some servants, paid servants. That is why, today, in the world of literature, education, drama, among the students, everywhere, the meaning of discipline has become reduced to obeying rules and regulations of the offices, and to somewhat act like mercenaries in army parade and drill exercises. Education has come to connote winning lucrative government jobs; education means the acquiring of technical education from within this educational system — how highly paid a mechanic I can become, how highly paid an engineer I can become. What human values I possess, how much knowledge I have about history and how far I understand the significance of history, how much of social values I reflect, what kind of a person I am as a human being — there is no need to go into all this. I am an engineer, I can skillfully screw nuts and fix bolts, so I am a highly enlightened man. For, I earn four thousand rupees! This is the mental make-up of the society. This mental mindset is shattering the backbone of the nation.
So, I was saying, the ideals of the freedom movement, patriotism, love for the motherland to profess which the youth of this country had to go to jail, had to die at the gallows — the ideal of patriotism, nationalism of those days was a progressive revolutionary ideal. That is why this ideology could once imbue the whole nation, instill vitality into the people. Today, that same bourgeois nationalism has been transformed into an instrument of privilege in the hands of the capitalist class. Hence those who speak of nationalism today are in reality simply chewing the cud of privilege and opportunism; and to the people of the country the meaning of nationalism, service to the country has come to exemplify a job, indulging oneself in slavish servitude, flattering to please the masters, acting as they like. There is nothing like voluntary service over here. And the word 'discipline' is meaningless if it is not voluntary. You are a paid servant, I am paying you wage, so you must abide by the dictates of office — if you do not follow these, you will lose your job. You are obeying discipline simply from the fear of losing your job. Is this discipline? No, this is not called discipline. The word 'discipline' has only one meaning and that is, it is voluntary — it is self-imposed. This sense of voluntary discipline is almost absent in the character of the nation today. But where will it come from? For, the ideology which once instilled discipline in the people has been transformed today into a practice of opportunism in the hands of the capitalist class, the ruling class. We need a new ideology. This society is pregnant with the possibility of emergence of a new ideology. What is that ideology which can smash this crushing mill-stone, shatter these fetters? It is the ideology of socialism, the ideology of proletarian internationalism, of proletarian revolution, anti-capitalist revolution. If we can inspire and instil the people of the country with this ideology and develop struggle on the basis of this ideology, then we shall once again witness the kindling of the spark of vitality among the people. That valour of Kshudiram will fire people once again, that daring fearlessness will again rekindle the students — but not before that. Hence we have to keep this, too, in mind.
Finally, I shall tell you only one more thing. Do not applaud any and every struggle just. Once the movement commences, it is to be fought unitedly. Maybe right, maybe sometimes it will be wrong, yet the people will have to be on the path of struggle. Everyone has to be in the struggle. But one has to keep one's eyes and ears open. Try to understand who is going to reap dividends out of this struggle. It is us who are fighting, we the common people who are fighting. But dividends are being reaped by some political touts — the career seekers at the elections, yet it is we who are making the sacrifice. So, if we consider movements as a prelude to the development of a mighty struggle for emancipation of the masses, if we consider it to be the altar of the liberation struggle of the people, if we believe that through these the struggle for emancipation will gradually develop, we have to give deep thought to the question of organization of these struggles as also the ideology to guide these struggles. With these words I end my discussion today.
Long Live Revolution!


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L to r, bottom: Red-Figure Oinochoe, Polynices Offering a Necklace to Eriphyle; Red-Figure Oinochoe, Young Woman Running; Fibula (Safety Pin); Alabastron (Perfume Vase); Red-Figure Bell Krater, Theseus and Sinis; Red-Figure Kylix, Hero or God at a Tree. Top: Bronze Statuette of a Man. Photo courtesy of the Dallas Museum of Arts.
Last year, the Dallas Museum of Art returned ownership of six objects to Italy when evidence indicated they'd been looted years earlier. The objects included three kraters (large vases for mixing wine and water) as well as bronze shields — but they remain on display at the DMA as part of an ongoing partnership with Italian authorities.
And tomorrow, the DMA puts on display a set of 5th century B.C. objects from the ancient Etruscan city of Spina — on a long-term loan from Italy. The transfer marks the "official signing of a memorandum of understanding" about continued collaboration with the Italian Ministry of Culture, says the DMA press release. The artworks, including a 5th century B.C. silver fibula (safety pin or brooch), four Attic red-figure vases and an alabaster vessel, come from a grave in Spina discovered in 1926 — and this is the first time they've been loaned or put on display. This is all part of DMX, the museum's cultural exchange program.
Perhaps the most impressive thing, though, as this AP story reports: The Italians did not have to threaten the DMA with lawsuits, as they've been forced to with other American institutions. "Director Maxwell Anderson spontaneously offered to return the items after the museum couldn't determine their provenance."
The full release is below.
DMA and Italian Officials Sign Agreement to Continue Long-Term Partnership
October 31, 2013 Dallas, TX — A set of art objects from a 5th-century B.C. burial site in Spina, Italy, which have never previously been displayed or loaned, will go on view at the Dallas Museum of Art tomorrow. The exhibition is the first display of this excavated tomb since its discovery almost a century ago, and features four Attic red-figure vases, dating from 470–400 B.C., a 5th-century B.C. silver fibula, a bronze statuette from the latter half of the 5th century B.C., and an alabaster vessel. The works will remain on view through 2017 in the Museum's second floor galleries.
The group was discovered together in the summer of 1926 in a grave at Spina, one of 4,000 tombs excavated in the ancient Etruscan city since 1922. The works will make their world debut at the DMA as part of the Museum's cultural exchange program, DMX, which is designed to establish collaborations for the loans of works of art and sharing of expertise in conservation, exhibitions, education, and new media. The program promotes cross-cultural dialogue and provides audiences at home and abroad with expanded access to artworks that span time period and culture.
This collaboration with Italian authorities is part of an ongoing partnership that began in 2012, when the DMA transferred ownership of six objects in its collection to Italy in recognition of evidence attesting to their being looted several years earlier. The transfer was completed in collaboration with the Foundation for the Arts and Munger Fund, which held ownership of three of the works for the benefit of the Museum. Those objects, which include three kraters, dating from the 4th century B.C., a pair of bronze shields from the 6th century B.C., and a head of an antefix, an architectural decoration for a tiled roof, dating from the 6th century B.C., remain on long-term view at the DMA. The loan of art from Spina marks the official signing of a memorandum of understanding with the Italian Ministry of Culture, which emphasizes continued collaboration between the Museum and Italian officials.
"We are honored to cement a partnership with our Italian colleagues and grateful for the opportunity to bring this group of works from Spina to audiences in Dallas and to those visiting our city. It's a rare opportunity to be able to display these objects together, and to highlight their combined role in ancient funerary practices," said Maxwell L. Anderson, the Museum's Eugene McDermott Director. "In our digital society, access to cultural knowledge is ever growing. The DMX program builds on the possibilities of access by nurturing a collaborative approach to the exchange and presentation of artworks and expanding dialogue on cultural heritage—not just among cultural institutions but with our communities through the exhibition of a diverse range of artworks."
The Italian Minister for Cultural Assets, Activities and Tourism, Massimo Bray, announced: "I am particularly pleased about the successful outcome of the negotiations that led to the return of six objects whose provenance was in question. I am, moreover, satisfied that we are able to offer a splendid long-term loan from the tomb and contents found in the Necropolis of Spina, now conserved in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale of Ferrara, which will offer to the viewing public in the United States a group of important archaeological objects in context. While thanking the Director of the DMA, Maxwell Anderson, for his high moral approach in resolving the problem, I would also like to take this occasion to thank the persons, on both sides, whose tireless work contributed to the signing of this important Cultural Agreement. "
Under Anderson's leadership, the DMA has expanded its focus on access through a number of initiatives in addition to the DMX program. Through its DMA Friends membership program, which the Museum launched in January 2012, anyone who wishes to join the Museum may do so for free. The membership includes opportunities for increased access to Museum programs and staff through an à la carte rewards system determined by active participation. Earlier this year, the DMA received an IMLS grant to research opportunities to extend the program to other institutions, including the Denver Art Museum, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and Minneapolis Institute of Arts.
The DMA has also expanded its conservation program with the opening of a new conservation studio and gallery, which focuses on new research opportunities and allows audiences to view the conservation process live through a large glass wall. The Museum also previously launched the Laboratory for Museum Innovation with seed capital to develop collaborative pilot projects in the areas of collection access, visitor engagement, and digital publishing.
The DMX program was launched in October 2012 with the appointment of Sabiha Al Khemir as the Museum's first Senior Advisor of Islamic Art. Al Khemir, the founding director of the Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, Qatar, supports Anderson and senior staff in building the Museum's DMX partnerships. Last December, the Museum signed a memorandum of understanding with the Turkish Director General for Cultural Heritage and Museums, O. Murat Süslü, marking the first initiative of the program. Al Khemir and Anderson are continuing to travel worldwide to further the Museum's connections with the great collections of Islamic art. They are presently in conversations with officials from Indonesia as well as several other countries.
About the Burial Objects
The objects come from Tomb 512 of the necropolis of the ancient Etruscan city of Spina. The city was located at the mouth of the River Po, and its cemeteries were located on the top of some coastal strips of land created by river debris. The cemeteries were in two different areas: Valle Pega and Valle Trebba. This tomb was located at Valle Trebba. The set of grave goods delineate the social status of the deceased person and reaffirm the person's familial role in the community. The objects on view include:
• an oinochoe (wine jug) by the Shuvalov Painter. The ceramic Attic red-figure oinochoe from 435–430 B.C. depicts the mythical figure Polynices offering a necklace to Eriphyle, who is seated before him;
• an oinochoe by the Eretria Painter. The ceramic Attic red-figure oinochoe from 470 B.C. depicts a woman running to the left;
• a kylix (drinking cup) by the Ferrara Painter. The ceramic Attic red-figure kylix from the end of the 5th century B.C. shows a hero or god, perhaps Attis, standing by a tree;
• a bell krater by the Sini Ferrara Painter. The ceramic Attic red-figure krater from 420–400 B.C. shows Theseus punishing Sinis for his cruel ruse against passersby; two ephebes are on the other side of the vase;
• an Etruscan silver fibula from the second half of the 5th century B.C.;
• an Etruscan bronze statuette from the second half of the 5th century B.C.; and
• an alabaster alabastron, a container for perfume and unguents.
About the Dallas Museum of Art
Established in 1903, the Dallas Museum of Art (DMA) ranks among the leading art institutions in the country and is distinguished by its innovative exhibitions and groundbreaking educational programs. At the heart of the Museum and its programs is its global collection, which encompasses more than 22,000 works and spans 5,000 years of history, representing a full range of world cultures. Located in the vibrant Arts District of downtown Dallas, the Museum welcomes more than half a million visitors annually and acts as a catalyst for community creativity, engaging people of all ages and backgrounds with a diverse spectrum of programming, from exhibitions and lectures to concerts, literary events, and dramatic and dance presentations. In January 2013, the DMA returned to a free general admission policy and launched DMA Friends, the first free museum membership program in the country.
The Dallas Museum of Art is supported, in part, by the generosity of DMA Partners and donors, the citizens of Dallas through the City of Dallas Office of Cultural Affairs, and the Texas Commission on the Arts.


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Death and Taxes
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This article is accurate for the latest versions of EU3, Napoleon's Ambition, In Nomine, Heir to the Throne and Divine Wind.
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- Ideas have more stringent requirements, but are significantly more powerful.
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- Sardinia-Piedmont is formable and has unique missions!
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text: Sections View Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Annotate Full Chapter Figures Tables Videos Supplementary Content +++ INTRODUCTION ++ The number and diversity of toxicologic emergencies faced by emergency department (ED) staff have increased steadily since the early 1970s and continue to rise today. This chapter discusses the medical–legal management of patients who are exposed to xenobiotics that may alter their ability to think. It also addresses the legal and ethical dilemmas routinely encountered by emergency medicine practitioners. ++ Patients with toxicologic emergencies require immediate care, and yet are often unable to give consent because their impaired consciousness prevents them from making informed decisions. Treating patients who present with an acute organic impairment manifested by confusion, irrational thought, or even dangerous behavior is very challenging. Emergency practitioners must recognize the medical–legal problems created when the impaired patient refuses treatment and insists on leaving against medical advice. The issue is further complicated by the variations in relevant state laws. Emergency practitioners must become familiar with the legal requirements of informed consent and the essential management necessary to avoid liability for negligence and abandonment within the state that they practice. Of particular concern are the risk management and liability issues that relate to impaired patients attempting to leave the ED before medical care is complete. The legal requirements of informed consent in emergency settings, the duty to treat, medical malpractice, battery, and negligence, are examined here. Guidelines based on generally accepted common law principles are suggested for developing appropriate patient care plans and departmental policies. These issues and principles are best illustrated by case examples. +++ INFORMED CONSENT +++ Patient 1 ++ An 18 year-old college student was brought by ambulance to the ED after a friend reported seeing her in the bathroom with slit wrists and an empty bottle of acetaminophen (APAP). In the ED, the patient was alert and oriented to person, place, and time. Vital signs were: blood pressure, 120/65 mm Hg; pulse, 95 beats/min; respiratory rate, 16 breaths/min; and temperature, 99.1°F (37.3°C). A rapid bedside glucose concentration was 120 mg/dL. The patient stated that she ingested the APAP approximately 5 hours earlier. The health care team wished to measure an APAP concentration to determine whether N-acetylcysteine should be administered. The patient refused venipuncture and stated that she would refuse any medications. The physicians informed the patient that she might suffer irreparable damage to her liver and possibly die if not treated immediately. ++ Medically treating patients against their will poses a difficult problem. Forcible treatment violates a patient's autonomy and their right to privacy. However, harm may be caused to the patient if the appropriate evaluation and treatment is not performed. As an example, in the case above, the patient gives a history of ingesting a large amount of APAP, which may cause hepatotoxicity and even death if not treated (Chap. 35). Her refusal for this evaluation highlights the important issue of whether a physician is ever justified in performing an ... Your Access profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'. Please click 'Continue' to continue the affiliation switch, otherwise click 'Cancel' to cancel signing in. Get Free Access Through Your Institution Learn how to see if your library subscribes to McGraw Hill Medical products. Subscribe: Institutional or Individual Sign In Username Error: Please enter User Name Password Error: Please enter Password Forgot Password? Forgot Username? Sign in via OpenAthens Sign in via Shibboleth


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NEW YORK, NY - This is not going to be an all inclusive list as some domain sales go unreported and some I've heard of which are not listed, such as "Homes.Forsale" and "Houses.Forsale", but this will give you a good idea of the types of names changing hands and the types of dots which are building momentum. The following list of gTLDs were listed at NameBio as closing sometime during this year (2017). They are listed in alphabetical order by TLD. The list does not include … [Read more...]
Websites and Domain Names to Become Insignificant within 20 Years or Less
LONG ISLAND, NY – Ten or twenty years ago, if you wanted to find information a search engine such as Yahoo would allow you to simply type-in what you were looking for, and countless websites would appear with information related to your search. Sometimes, ugly websites would appear that had keyword-stuffed their pages with the search string, but often you would be able to find what you were looking for within a few clicks around; and your answer was always on a website or web … [Read more...]


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I don't even know what you'd call it—a sixth sense, a little voice, a certain gut feeling—but every man has a special, indefinable intuition about the unspoken matters of the heart. I first noticed mine when I was a teenager. Sometimes it's vague, other times it's a sensation you feel right in your core, but whatever it is, I always pay it heed, and it's never steered me wrong.
And ever since that little blond hottie moved in down the street, my man's intuition's been going off like crazy. See, most people aren't in tune enough with their intuition to see that my neighbor, with her tight body and teasing eyes, is desperate to take a ride on the Jonas pony. After all, as a young, energetic yoga instructor married to some rich, handsome guy who does something in business or stocks or whatever, she seems to have it all. I might not be the best looking guy on the block, but I've been around it a few times, and I know when I'm getting vibed. Particularly when they are sex vibes.
My man's intuition is telling me that she wants to sleep with me, and it's telling me she wants it bad. Real bad.
Male intuition is hard to explain. All men have it, but most either don't understand it or never effectively develop it. To me, it's absolutely indispensable. How else would I pick up on life's silent little cues? Like with this new neighbor: Every time I see her from afar, I get this twinge that tells me she wants nothing more than for me to slip in through the back door to find her wearing bike shorts, a tank top, and pigtails, and give it to her long and hard while her husband is at work.
Even I found it hard to believe at first. But about two weeks after they moved in, I ran into her at the grocery store, and as I was introducing myself, my male intuition started pumping like mad. I don't even remember what we were talking about, but after two minutes I knew that there was a connection. A sex connection. I could probably have taken her right there in the paper towel aisle, but my male intuition said it wasn't the time or place. So I played it cool.
The signals just kept coming, though. Whenever she saw me outside working, she'd wave and sometimes say, "Hey, Ed." Then I noticed that she'd walk in front of the dining room window every night, knowing full well that it was directly across from my house. And every night at around the same time, she'd wash the dishes in one of those teeny shirts she likes to wear. I would just sit in my completely darkened living room, watching her jiggle and sway as she scrubbed those pans. Damn, does my male intuition go crazy when she's doing stuff like that.
My friend Deborah from work thinks that I'm deluding myself. She says that a happily married woman like that would never want to get with a guy like me. What you have to remember, though, is that Deborah, like all women, just doesn't get it. Without a man's intuition, there's no way she could sense what's really going on here. Besides, she's probably just jealous, because my intuition says Deborah totally wants me even though she says she's a lesbian. I can see how that would make her confused.
Yeah, my male intuition tells me that it won't be long before something happens between this neighbor and me. Something sexual. All I have to do is pay close attention and wait for her sign that she's ready. It could be something as small as her forgetting to lock the bathroom door while she's showering. Whenever it is, believe me, I'll be there. And my male intuition tells me that she's going to love it.


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