text:
Residents and visitors in Tulameen will have more opportunities to ride their ATVs in town this summer.
That's because Princeton RCMP has created a new permit for off-road vehicles which gives holders permission to use untraveled portions of most of the village's streets.
"This is not a right," said Sgt. Rob Hughes. "This is a privilege, and in Tulameen this is a big privilege."
The MV1815 permit opens up the community to off-road vehicles, with the exception of Coalmont Road and a portion of Otter Avenue.
"This is to give the community and off-road vehicle riders the chance to prove they can operate respectfully, legally, ethically and responsibly," said Hughes.
"If that doesn't happen, it goes away."
Hughes advised the initiative is to allow access to trails, and is not intended to make ATVs a "second vehicle" for residents to do their shopping or pick up their mail.
"This is not for you to drive around town for your convenience…It's for from your home, to the trail, and then back. It's not to go to your neighbour's for a beer. It's not to go to the beach."
He stressed that off-road vehicles must stay off the pavement, using only the shoulders of streets and roads, and respect the speed limit of 30/km/hour.
The use of off-road vehicles in Tulameen became an issue two years ago, when a local resident engaged police and held a public meeting with the goal of getting illegal ATVs and dirt bikes off the streets.
There had been several recent tragedies in the area, and local resident Randy Halyk said it was inevitable someone in town would be hurt.
"I guess the biggest problem is on the long weekends here, when all of a sudden the town goes from 200 to 2,000 people. We have machines everywhere," Halyk told The Spotlight in a May 2018 interview.
"It's like an ATV and side-by-side explosion..I think there's a feeling when you come to Tulameen it's lawless, and you can do what you want."
At that time, only one street route was open to off-road vehicle riders, and it didn't allow access to the trails or town amenities.
Anyone with an existing permit — and Hughes said there are "hundreds" of permit holders — must visit the Princeton RCMP detachment to pick up an amendment. New applications for permits will also be received.
However, because the detachment front office is currently closed under COVID conditions, riders need to wait until the doors are open to the public, which Hughes said he hopes that will happen soon.
The new permits are only valid until April 30, 2021, as the exercise is a "trial," he said, adding an individual's permit can be rescinded.
To report a typo, email:
Like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.


text:
This Studio background is made by hand with water colors based on natural beauty. It is used in Studios by the Studio photographers to click snaps or perfect and beautiful photo.
Products are available on most two popular sizes W/H 8×7.5 feet & 10×8 feet.
The Products can be ordered in any desired sizes.
Product Details: Basic Info.
Handmade item
Product Name: Scenic Photography background/Backdrop
Product Code: HPSPB_287
Paint: Mix Water based Color
Size: W/H 8×7.5 Feet Approx
Materials: Cotton
Type: Hand Painted
Item Weight: 1250 to 1500 Grams Approx
Shipping Weight: maximum 2000 Grams
Brand: Axial Crafts Scenic Photography Backdrops
Export Market: Ships worldwide from India
Estimated delivery time: 8 to 10 working days
Shipping cost: Free Shipping (All over India)
Stock: in Stock
Packing:- Backdrop will be folded in plastic bag and send in poly mailer or carton box.
Note:- Weight and Measurements are approximate and tentative. Two identical pieces of an item may not have the exact / similar weight, shape and colour etc.
Design in the pattern may differ a little at the time of delivery as it's a hand crafted product.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Canon PIXMA MG6280 Driver Download
Canon PIXMA MG6280
Canon Pixma MG6280
Canon PIXMA MG6280 Review - Canon PIXMA MG6280 Printer best equipped inkjet MFP, dye-based inks with five for printing pictures, black pigmented cartridge dedicated to printing files and also functional connectivity via Ethernet, Wi-Fi and also USB. As regular as well as PictBridge and memory card slot flash.
Canon printer has a screen of 7.5 cm and the touch panel also reveals a variety of buttons depending on which of its attributes in its own right that has been selected.
MG6280 Canon PIXMA Wireless Inkjet Photo all-in-One brings you high quality. The technology of built-in Wi-Fi allows you to easily print and scan wirelessly almost anywhere around Your access point with the ease of use and flexibility. Operating system compatibility Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP and Mac OS X v10.6 v10.4.11. x14. The function of Print, Copy and scan, with canon Inkjet cartridge type product print beautiful photos limit up to 8.5 x 11, print and color resolution of up to 9600 x 2400 dpi, while the 6-ink individual ink tanks including the professional cool cool gray color and black and white photos. Print Select Google Docs and Gmail on the attachment of devices to be accessed,
Add wireless flexibility with wireless printing AirPrint, photos, email, web page, you do not need to install the device drivers to save time and make for a superb user experience.Canon PIXMA MG6820 support drivers for Windows, and Macintosh / Mac / linux .
Specification Driver Pixma MG6280
- Print Speed (up to) 4 x 6 Borderless Photo: Approx. 20 seconds10
- Print Speed (Approx) Black:ESAT Approx. 12.5 ipm11
- Color:ESAT Approx. 9.3 ipm11
- Number of Nozzles Color: 5,632 / Black: 512 / Total: 6,144
- Picoliter Size (color) 1,2 and 5
- Print Resolution (Up to) Color:Up to 9600 x 2400 dpi3
- Black:Up to 600 x 600 dpi3
- Paper Sizes 4 x 6, 5 x 7, 8 x 10, Letter, Legal, U.S. #10 Envelopes
Operating system & system requirement Driver Pixma MG6280Windows 8.1(x32)/ Windows 8.1 (x64) / Windows 8 (x32)/Windows 8 (x64) / Windows 7 (x32)/ Windows 7 (x64) / Windows Vista (x32)/ Windows Vista (x64) / Windows XP (x32)/ Macintosh / Mac OS X(10.10/10.9/10.8/10.7/10.6/10.5) / Linux.
Canon PIXMA MG6280 Driver Download
Operating System
|MG6200 series Mini Master Setup (Windows 8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP)
MG6200 series MP Driver Ver. 1.02 (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64/XP)
MG6200 series XPS Printer Driver Ver. 5.56a (Windows 10/10 x64/8.1/8.1 x64/8/8 x64/7/7 x64/Vista/Vista64)
|MG6200 series Mini Master Setup (OS X 10.5/10.6/10.7/10.8)
|ICA Driver Ver. 3.3.4 (OS X 10.6)
|MG6200 series CUPS Printer Driver Ver. 220.127.116.11 (OS X 10.5/10.6)
|MG6200 series Scanner Driver Ver.18.0.1b (Mac)
MG6200 series ScanGear MP Ver. 1.80 for Linux (rpm Packagearchive)
MG6200 series ScanGear MP Ver. 1.80 for Linux (debian Packagearchive)
MG6200 series IJ Printer Driver Ver. 3.60 for Linux (rpm Packagearchive)
MG6200 series IJ Printer Driver Ver. 3.60 for Linux (debian Packagearchive)
The Driver is Recommended - Pixma MG7170
How to install setup Canon PIXMA MG6820
Make sure the data cable USB printers connected to the computer or laptop then ,Click the link, select [Save], specify "Save As", then click [Save] to download the file. Open the downloaded file, double-click on the file,follow the instructions that appear during the installation, when finished restart your computer or laptop
Then do a test print and scan.If the test print and scan it there is no problem, then we have successfully installed the driver after the driver is installed correctly, then simply press the end key ,Congratulations! The printer can be used now.
Then do a test print and scan.If the test print and scan it there is no problem, then we have successfully installed the driver after the driver is installed correctly, then simply press the end key ,Congratulations! The printer can be used now.


text:
Metal BuildingsMetal Buildings are a great way to quickly and efficiently add more space. Learn More
CoatingsWe use quality roof coatings manufactured by American WeatherStar, and Sunlife Roofing Systems. Learn More
MembranesOur roofing membranes help you save on climate control costs. Learn More
Why Choose Mid-South Waterproofing?
Whether it be waterproof, heat reflective, roof repairs, or metal replacement, you will be very pleased and impressed by the professionalism, quality of materials, and workmanship that we employ to protect your assets long term.
We are a registered City of Houston, Texas Roofing Business, a Houston Metro Transit Authority Certified Roofing Vendor, and a Port of Houston Approved Small Business Enterprise (SBE).
Call today for a free on-site inspection and quote.


text:
Unusual number of marine mammals found dead
Working with local subsistence experts, our Nome-based Marine Advisory agent Gay Sheffield has found many marine mammals dead in recent days.
They include whales, walruses, and seals (mostly pups). Sheffield told the The Nome Nugget that while it is not unusual to find dead marine mammals once in a while, the number of dead animals found in recent days is higher than normal.
According to the article, "ocean temperatures are rising way above normal – a NOAA trawl survey in the southern Bering Sea reports sea temperatures higher than 6°C than normal – signs of an ecosystem in trouble are flashing. While some marine mammals do die naturally or are lost during harvest, the amount of skinny seal pups and walrus calves is alarming."


text:
Although oral glucocorticosteroids are analgesic in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the benefits are short-lived and may not provide clinically relevant pain relief for more than 3 months of use, according to findings from a systematic review published in Rheumatology.
A team of UK-based researchers conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO Number: CRD42019111562) to quantify the efficacy of systemic glucocorticosteroids use on RA-related pain.
A total of 33 randomized controlled trials (27 for spontaneous pain and 24 for evoked pain measures) were included in the meta-analysis, which included 2658 participants (68% women; mean age, 54 years); 23 of the studies reported oral glucocorticosteroids dosing, 4 studies used intramuscular treatment, 5 studies used intravenous treatment, and 1 study used iontophoresis to administer treatment.
In the meta-analysis for spontaneous pain, oral glucocorticosteroids alone, which were examined in 15 studies, were significantly associated with a significant reduction in spontaneous pain, with a standardized mean difference of -0.65 (95% CI, -0.82 to -0.49; P <.001) with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2=56%; P =.0045).
In subgroup analyses that assessed the time course of oral glucocorticosteroids effects on spontaneous pain, efficacy was associated with a time-related decrease after glucocorticosteroids initiation. Among patients who were treated with glucocorticosteroids for 3 months or less, the mean difference in visual analog scale (VAS) for pain resulted in a better improvement (-12 mm). Mean difference in VAS pain for more than 3 months and more than 6 months also improved for patients treated with glucocorticosteroids (-8 mm and -7 mm, respectively). In addition, improvements in fatigue were noted in 5 randomized clinical trials among patients treated with glucocorticosteroids.
"The current use of [glucocorticosteroids] to treat RA pain appears to be largely guided by clinical experience rather than robust evidence from [randomized] controlled trials," the authors noted.
Study authors noted that additional research is required to understand which patients would most benefit from systemic glucocorticosteroids so clinicians can provide more personalized treatments, and to better understand the potential risks and benefits association with withdrawal in patients who are already using long-term systemic glucocorticosteroids.
"The evidence from this review suggests systemic [glucocorticosteroids] are not a complete solution to RA pain and additional analgesic strategies are urgently needed," the study authors concluded.
Disclosure: Some study authors declared affiliations with biotech, pharmaceutical, and/or device companies. Please see the original reference for a full list of disclosures.
McWilliams DF, Thankaraj D, Jones-Diette J, et al. The efficacy of systemic glucocorticosteroids for pain in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology. Published online July 2, 2021. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab503


text:
20 Comments
wow. that is the best response ever!
it just gets better and better!
The best thing is that you know it isn't just some intuitive observation; she is paraphrasing what he actually said. ^_^
oh God, I had to try sooo hard not to laugh, its 1:30 am here and my flatmate is asleep, and if I wake her up… I die
Oh crap…not good.
ha classic….
karloth mate i know your pain
omg no she didn't… wow…
The good thing about Brooksie is that you never know she's there when she really is. That could be good and bad however you look at it.
i think brooksie is jealous of Nina. Ed is probobally the first guy to not only talk to her, but have similar interests.
I'd see it as a good thing, if she wasn't going to be randomly filling in large plot points…
Random little weasel, isn't she?
Well, I don't think she minds at all. After all, she wanted him to ride her like a quiddich (Did I spell that right?) broom, remember? Riding her like a roller coaster is nearly the same thing.
You spelled it correctly. I applaud your skills.
Nay, it's q u i d d i _t_ c h.
man brooksie is one hell of a ninja
<..> let's hope she didn't read this before I post this
Male responses are private….
H e h.
Lol ninja Brooksie strikes again.


text:
- Home
- Government
- Departments
- Police
- 911 Information
911 Information
Top Ten 9-1-1 Call Tips
1. Is a Person Hurt or in Danger? Do You Need the Police, Fire or Ambulance?
Have you ever wondered whether to call 9-1-1? Since 9-1-1 is for emergencies only, it helps to understand when to call and when not to call. An emergency is any serious situation where a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or emergency medical help is needed right away. If you are unsure of whether your situation is an emergency, go ahead and call 9-1-1. The 9-1-1 call taker can determine if you need emergency assistance and can route you to the correct location.
2. If You Do Call 9-1-1, Even by Mistake, Do Not Hang Up the Phone.
9-1-1 call takers are trained to get the most important information as quickly as possible to get help on the way to an emergency situation. In an emergency situation, allow the call taker to ask you all the questions they need in order to get help there in the timeliest manner before you hang up or leave the phone.
If you happen to call by accident, stay on the line until you can tell the call taker that you called by accident and there is no emergency. This saves the call taker from having to call you back and confirm there is no emergency or sending police with lights and sirens to check your address for an emergency.
3. When Calling 9-1-1 Do Your Best to Stay Calm & Answer All Questions.
Staying calm can be one of the most difficult, yet most important, things you do when calling 9-1-1. It is very important that you stay as calm as possible and answer all the questions the 9-1-1 call taker asks. The questions 9-1-1 call takers ask, no matter how relevant they seem, are important in helping get the first responders to you as fast as possible.
4. Help the 9-1-1 Call Taker Help You.
Listen and answer the questions asked. By doing this, it helps the call taker understand your situation and will assist you with your emergency until the appropriate police, fire or medical units arrive.
5. Know the Location of the Emergency.
The wireless 9-1-1 caller must be aware that the 9-1-1 center that answers the call may not be the 9-1-1 center that services the area that the wireless caller is calling from. Look for landmarks, cross street signs and buildings. Know the name of the city or county you are in. Knowing the location is vital to getting the appropriate police, fire or EMS units to respond. Providing an accurate address is critically important when making a wireless 9-1-1 call.
6. Teach Your Children How to Call 9-1-1.
Be sure they know what 9-1-1 is, how to dial from your home and cell phone, and to trust the 9-1-1 call taker. Make sure your child is physically able to reach at least one phone in your home. When calling 9-1-1 your child needs to know their name, parent's name, telephone number, and most importantly their address. Tell them to answer all the call takers questions and to stay on the phone until instructed to hang up.
7. Prank Calls to 9-1-1 Waste Time & Are Illegal in Most States.
Be sure all members of your household are aware that prank or harassing calls to 9-1-1 will be dealt with by local law enforcement agencies.
8. Post Your Address Clearly & Prominently at Your Entrance & On Your Home.
Posting your 9-1-1 address at the driveway entrance and on your home will alleviate any confusion as to whether emergency responders have the correct location. Try using something reflective or illuminated so that it can be seen in the evening as well as during the day. Do not assume since your mailbox is marked you have posted your address- mailboxes are not always at the entrance of a driveway and usually are not marked clearly on both sides.
Several cities and counties have ordinances for posting 9-1-1 addresses- check with your local ones. And always report missing street signs when noted- these not only help others find your home but are essential to emergency response personnel.
9. Know the Phones You Own.
Educate everyone about the phone system in your home as well as your cell phone. Children may need to use the devices in an emergency and will need to know how to operate them.
10. You Can Text 9-1-1
Always call 9-1-1 if you can. If you can't, the Deerfield Communications Center is now able to receive communication via text message to 9-1-1.


text:
Travelers' Health & Immunization Services
Traveling to foreign destinations can present health hazards. Those hazards may be unique to the destination or common to most. An individual's health history also may impact the risk of foreign travel. The Travelers' Health and Immunization Service at UI Health evaluates travelers, their destinations, and related issues to prepare them for foreign travel. The service also provides after-trip assessments and treatment recommendations for those returning with travel-related exposures and/or illnesses. Whether traveling for business, recreation, or academic enrichment, the Travelers' Health and Immunization Service can provide the necessary health services for a safe, enjoyable trip.
Our Services
- A review of the individual's medical history to assess specific risks related to foreign travel
- Advice on safety and health risks at specific destinations based on the latest information from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO)
- Administration of required immunizations for the patient's destination
- Tips on avoiding or mitigating common travel illnesses
- WHO International Certificate of Vaccinations provided
- Preventive medications and treatments
- Evaluation of travelers returning with health issues related to foreign travel
- Hepatitis A/B
- Influenza
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)
- Meningococcal
- Polio
- PPD Skin Test
- Rabies
- Tetanus/Diphtheria
- Tuberculosis
- Typhoid
- Varicella
- Yellow Fever
Our Location
Travelers' Health and Immunization Clinic
University Health Service, Room E-144
835 S. Wolcott Ave.
Chicago, IL 60612
To make an appointment at the Travelers' Health and Immunization Clinic, please call 312.996.7420.


text:
Like last month's Where Soldiers Come From, director Danfung Dennis's Hell and Back Again seeks to document the personal experience of war with extreme and sustained intimacy. The nightmare-vivid combat footage Dennis shot over the so-called Summer of Decision in 2009, while he was embedded with a Marine battalion behind enemy lines in southern Afghanistan, is only one part of that experience. Back on the home front, injured 25-year-old sergeant Nathan Harris becomes the nexus of an essential documentary that deploys a boldly cinematic arsenal to penetrate the indifference Dennis, a veteran of sorts himself after years spent as a photojournalist in Iraq and Afghanistan, believes most Americans feel toward the forever wars.
Dennis follows Harris home to small-town North Carolina, where he recuperates from a shattered hip and leg with the help of his quiet, watchful wife. Fragments of Harris's struggle to recover a sense of safety—courting pill dependence, an unsettling attachment to his gun—form a coherent portrait of an elusive conflict's human legacy. Flashbacks, match cuts, and an impressionistic use of sound cultivate a powerful psychic fluidity between the intractable chaos of Helmand Province and the anxiety that cripples Harris in a Walmart parking lot or a car filled with chatter.
Working alone with a camera and his ingenuity, Dennis captured the surreality of firefights with an invisible enemy and the frustration of displaced civilians; images of the company's casualties enforce the almost unbearable sense of futility. Also unblinking is the focus on Harris's desperation to get back to what he was trained since the age of 18 to do: killing people. The tensely quotidian scenes at home build to an emotional velocity even beyond that of the combat sequences. Shot in stunning, khaki-crisp digital with the Canon 5D Mark II, a Marine's eyes have never looked this blue, nor blood so red.


text: Rock 'n Roll Horns Rubber Stamp £4.50 Quantity: at £4.50 each Add To Basket 0 in your basket View Basket Checkout Rooccckkk 'n Rooollllll :D Sorry, I went a bit Ozzy then! A perfect compliment to my Keep Calm and Rock On stamp comes the famous Devil's Horns/Evil Eye hand gesture but in rubber stamp form. Complete with a rockin' studded cuff!The stamped images measures approx. 2.5cm x 1.2cm (or 1" x 1/2").


text:
A world covered in sensors that don't require batteries is near at hand
Eventually, researchers believe these tiny, always-on devices could enable us to do things that aren't realistic today, such as sticking small security cameras wherever we like, instrumenting every square meter of a farm, or filling our cars and homes with sensors that increase both our safety and the usefulness of our most expensive assets. They've coined a term to describe the potential ubiquity of such sensors: "smart dust." read more…
They're not even trying to hide it anymore. If any doubt remains about advanced technology and the occult, they are making it clear as can be.
Only recently we saw Celine Dion casting a spell in the same manner in her Celinununu Clothing line video:
THEY are fully engaged with the supernatural.
We serve Jesus Christ who conquered their "god." Are we fervently praying over every day, over every encounter?
"Behold, I give unto you power to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy: and nothing shall by any means hurt you." Luke 10:19


text:
PLEASE NOTE: While the Bimini is the sole home style offered at the Townes at Bayshore Village, there is a 20′ wide product and a 22′ wide product. To help illustrate some of the differences, there is a separate plan page established for the 20′ wide Bimini. Click here to see this home.
1,800 – 2,580 sq. ft.
3 – 4 Bedrooms
2.5 – 3.5 Bathrooms
Options include: Elevator, Loft, Loft w/ 4th Bedroom and Full Bath
*Base pricing does not include applicable elevation charges, option adders and lot premiums.Subject to change without notice.


text:
REMAINING UTILIZATION-PROBABILITY AWARE WITH MINIMUM MIGRATION TIME WITH ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION FOR OPTIMAL FAULT TOLERANCE IN CLOUD COMPUTINGABSTRACT: Cloud computing is becoming a mainstream computing platform for various communities including researchers, businesses, consumers, and government organizations. In the existing research, Location based Minimum Migration in Cloud (LMMC) with Seed Block Algorithm (SBA) is introduced. It handles fault tolerance problem but however the time complexity and optimal task scheduling is still a major issue. To overcome the above mentioned issues, in this research, Remaining Probability Aware Utilization with Minimum Migration Time (RPAUMMS) approach is proposed. Fault tolerance is a major concern in the cloud environments to guarantee availability of critical services and execution.
The Map Reduce approach is used to partition the cloud data and integrate the best solutions in cloud storage as maps. Then in order to increases security of the cloud data, encryption is performed by using Hash Key Generation (HKG). The SBA algorithm selects the suitable data for given cloud task and used for backup and recovery of tasks.
We Will Write a Custom Essay Specifically
For You For Only $13.90/page!
order now
The Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization (FACO) is applied for backup file selection by generating the best objective function. To reduce the migration time complexity, in this research RPAUMMS is used. It focuses for effective and robust scheduling and live migration rather than the existing methods. The fault tolerance is handled more effectively by using the proposed approach which increases the overall system performance.
In this research, the fault tolerance approach is used to predict the failures and take an appropriate action before failures actually occur. Also it is used to provide required services optimally and reduce effect of failures on system when actually failure occurs by check pointing, job migration and replication. Dynamic recovery is useful when only one copy of computation is running at a time and it involves automated self-repair. Thus, the experimental result provides superior performance in terms of lower scheduling time, computational cost and energy consumption using proposed RPAUMMS approach.
Key words: Cloud, fault tolerance, live migration, Security, Remaining Probability Aware Utilization with Minimum Migration Time (RPAUMMS), Hash Key Generation (HKG), Seed Block Algorithm (SBA), Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization (FACO). INTRODUCTIONCloud Computing (CC) has recently emerged as a new paradigm for hosting and delivering services over the Internet. CC is attractive to business owners as it eliminates the requirement for users to plan ahead for provisioning, and allows enterprises to start from the small and increase resources only when there is a rise in service demand. Scheduling system is one of the core and challenging issues in a cloud computing system 1. However, traditional job scheduling systems in cloud computing only consider how to increase job scheduling efficiency or how to meet the Quality of Services (QoS) requirements for the resources users; they seldom give description which considers how to combine these above two aspects together. Several job scheduling algorithms have been proposed here as evidences in cloud computing area.Delivery of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) services as a utility has recently received significant consideration through cloud computing. CC technologies provide scalable on demand pay per use services to customers through distributed data centers.
Still this paradigm is its infant stage and many challenging issues have to be addressed. In cloud 2 scalable resources are provisioned dynamically as a service over internet in order to assure lots of monetary benefits to be scattered among its adopters. Different layers are outlined based on the kind of services provided by the Cloud. Moving from bottom to top, bottom layer contains basic hardware resources like Memory, Storage Servers.
Hence it is denoted as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS). The distinguished examples of IaaS are Amazon easy Storage Service (S3) and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2). The layer above IaaS is Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) which mainly supports deployment and dynamic scaling of Python and Java based applications. One such an example of PaaS is Google App Engine.There are different ways in which the virtual machines can be created and used. Virtual machine is the fine grain unit of computing resource 3.
Cloud users will have the flexibility on their VMs for performance and efficiency as they have super-user privilege in accessing to their Virtual Machines. The users can customize the software stack of Virtual Machines (VMs). Frequently such services are referred as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).
Virtualization is the primary technology in a cloud environment that supports the users with extraordinary flexibility in configuration of the settings without disturbing the physical infrastructure in the datacenters of the providers 4. The concept of IaaS has become possible through recent advances in Operating System (OS) Virtualization. Multiple application environments will be supported by each of the virtual machine that runs a different operating system which is referred as guest operating system.
Virtual machine migration support lot of advantages in a cloud through load balancing across data centers 5 6. Through migration of VMs robust and high response is achieve in data centers. Actually migration of VMs was adopted from process migration. Through VM migration hotspots may be avoided even though it is not simple and straight forward. Detecting workload hotspots and unexpected workload changes requires initiating a virtual machine migration.
During migration the process in execution should be transferred effectively. By considering resources and physical servers, the transfer can be done in consistency for applications.In 7 describes Cloud MapReduce, an implementation of the MapReduce programming model on top of the Amazon cloud OS, which exploits the scalability offered by the cloud OS.
In 8 present a resource optimization mechanism in heterogeneous IaaS federated multi-cloud systems, which enables preemptable task scheduling. This mechanism is suitable for the autonomic feature within clouds and the diversity feature of VMs. To design the task scheduler, also formulate a utility maximization problem, which takes the energy consumption, delay, and price of cloud services into account.
Also considered the stochastic arrival of tasks and provide a queuing analysis to address the latency requirements of both delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant applications. It formulates a profit maximization problem which takes into account both the price charged to the mobile users and the electricity price of the service providers. RELATED WORKIbrahim et al 9 presented an enhancement task scheduling algorithm on the cloud computing environment. It is used to reduce the make-span, as well as, decrease the price of executing the independent tasks on the cloud resources. The principles of the algorithm is based on calculating the total processing power of the available resources and the total requested processing power by the users' tasks, then allocating a group of users' tasks to each VM based on the ratio of its needed power relative to the total processing power of all VMs.
The power of VMs has been defined based on Amazon and Google pricing models. The experimental results show that the enhancement algorithm outperforms other algorithms by reducing make-span and the price of the running tasks. Zhong et al 10 used Greedy Particle Swarm Optimization (G&PSO) based algorithm to solve the task scheduling problem. It uses a greedy algorithm to quickly solve the initial particle value of a particle swarm optimization algorithm derived from a virtual machine-based cloud platform. The archived experimental results show that the algorithm exhibits better performance such as a faster convergence rate, stronger local and global search capabilities, and a more balanced workload on each virtual machine. Therefore, the G&PSO algorithm demonstrates improved virtual machine efficiency and resource utilization compared with the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm.Mohandas et al 11 used a lightweight delay-aware VM live migration strategy to achieve a seamless live VM migration. This work jointly measures, analyses and mitigates the migration delays normally occurred on live migration of VMs.
The Virtual Machine resource Utilization (VMU) helps to find out the suitable VM to be migrated and thereby ensuring the Service Level Agreement (SLA). From the analysis between the migration technique and traditional algorithm, it is shown that this strategy gives maximum performance by choosing the proper VMs for the migration process. This work cooperates well with existing VM migration or consolidation policies in a complementary manner, so that load balancing or power efficiency can be achieved without sacrificing performance.Kinger et al 12 take the physical machine's working temperature as a criterion to determine whether the virtual machine should be moved.
This algorithm takes the current and maximum threshold temperature of the physical machine into consideration before making scheduling decisions and schedules virtual machines among PMs with the help of a temperature predictor to make sure that the threshold temperature of the Physical Machine (PM) is never reached. The experiment results show that the algorithm can reduce energy consumption and improve the hosts' resource utilization in the cloud environment. Therefore, the precision of the temperature predictor has a great influence on the system performance.Jhawar et al 13 used Fault Tolerance Manager (FTM) which offers required fault tolerance properties to the applications as an on-demand service. It presents a failure model for cloud infrastructures such as server components , network and power distribution, to analyze the impact of each failure on user's applications. Also they introduced an innovative, system-level, modular perspective on creating and managing fault tolerance.Al-Jaroodi et al 14 suggested an efficient fault-tolerant algorithm which uses a delay-tolerant fault tolerance algorithm.
It adapts failures by effectively reducing execution time and thus minimizing the fault discovery ; recovery overhead in the cloud. The algorithm claims to be used efficiently in places like cloud which handles distributed tasks. The algorithm ensures that data gets downloaded reliably from replicated servers and efficiently executing applications on independent multiple distributed servers in the cloud.PROPOSED METHODOLOGYIn this research, Remaining Probability Aware Utilization with Minimum Migration Time (RPAUMMS) approach is proposed. Fault tolerance is a major concern in the cloud environments to guarantee availability of critical services and execution.
The Map Reduce approach is used to partition the cloud data and integrate the best solutions in cloud storage as maps. Then in order to increases security of the cloud data, encryption is performed by using Hash Key Generation (HKG). The SBA algorithm selects the suitable data for given cloud task and used for backup and recovery of tasks.
The Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization (FACO) is applied for backup file selection by generating the best objective function. To reduce the migration time complexity, in this research RPAUMMS is used. Thus, the experimental result provides superior performance in terms of lower scheduling time, computational cost and energy consumption using proposed RPAUMMS approach3.1 Initial frameworkIn CC framework, the MapReduce is most significant which provides an abstraction that hides many system level details from programmer.
It processes data by dividing the progress into two phases: Map and Reduce. Each Map function takes a split file as its input data, which locates in the distributed file system and contains the key-value data. The split file can be co-location with the Map function or not. If the split file and the Map function don't in the same node, then the system will transfer the split file to the Map. MapReduce is a programming model developed for files to handle with large amounts of data. It distributes the workload among multiple machines and they parallel work on that data. MapReduce is a relatively easy way to create distributed applications. The Fig 2 shows overall block diagram of the proposed system.
Cloud User 1Cloud user 2MasterPartition 0Partition 1Partition 0Partition 1Partition 0Partition 1MapperReducerMapperMapperReducerSplit 0Split 1Split 2Split 3Split 4Output file 0Output file 1Input fileMap phaseIntermediate fileReduce phaseOutput fileCloud user nSubmit jobFig 1 Map reduce diagramCloud usersRemote backup fileMap reduced dataLive migrationRPAUMMS approachCloud user request fileEfficient fault toleranceFile send/receiveCloud domainCorrect fileCloud domain with keyCall SBA algorithmACO for backup fileFig 2 Overall block diagram of the proposed system There are two phases in the MapReduce framework one is the "'Map" and second one is the "reduce". Each phase has key-value pairs for both input and output 12. For implementing these phases, it needs to specify two functions: a map function called a Mapper and another is reducing function called a Reducer. Therefore, a master node is required to run the services needed to coordinate the communication between Mappers and Reducers. An input file is then split up into fixed sized pieces.
This is called input splits. These splits are then passed to the Mappers. These splits work in parallel to process data contained within each split.
Then the Mappers process the data and partition the output. Each Reducer then gathers the data partition from each Mapper, merges each Mappers, processes them, and produces the output file which designated for them. Each Map task has an input file and generates r result files.
Each Reduce task has m input files which are generated by m map tasks. Normally the input files for map tasks are available prior to job execution, thus the size of each map input file can be determined before scheduling. However, the output files are dynamically generated by map tasks during execution, hence the size of these output files is difficult to determine prior to job execution. Then these files are taken into SBA phase to recover the files. Before sending this data to SBA block key values are generated to each cloud data.
Hash Key Generation (HKG)A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of fixed size. The values returned by a hash function are called hash values, hash codes, digests, or simply hashes. One use is a data structure called a hash table, widely used in computer software for rapid data lookup. Hash functions accelerate table or database lookup by detecting duplicated records in a large file. An example is finding similar stretches in DNA sequences. They are also useful in cryptography.
A cryptographic hash function allows one to easily verify that some input data maps to a given hash value, but if the input data is unknown; it is deliberately difficult to reconstruct it (or equivalent alternatives) by knowing the stored hash value. This is used for assuring integrity of transmitted data. Multiplicative hash functions are simple and fast, but have higher collision rates in hash tables than more sophisticated hash functions 14 .Standard multiplicative hashing uses the formula hax=ax mod WWM (1)which produces a hash value in {0,….,M-1}. The value a is an appropriately chosen value that should be relatively prime to W.
An important practical special case occurs when W=2w and M=2m are powers of 2 and w is the machine word size. In this case this formula becomes hax.SBA algorithm for file recovery processTo maintain the cloud data more efficiently, there is a necessity of data recovery services. To provide the recovery file, a smart remote data backup algorithm, Seed Block Algorithm (SBA) is introduced in this research. The objective of algorithm is twofold as follows. First, it help the users to collect information from any remote location in the absence of network connectivity and second to recover the files in case of the file deletion or if the cloud gets destroyed due to any reason. The time related issues are also being solved by using SBA such that it will take minimum time for the recovery process.
Proposed SBA also focuses on the security concept for the back-up files stored at remote server. This algorithm is focused on simplifying the backup and recovery procedure. It normally makes use of the idea of Exclusive–OR (XOR) operation of the world of computing.Consider there exists two data files: A and B. When XOR A and B is done, it produces X i.e. X = A (XOR) B. Suppose A data file is destroyed and A data file is needed back then it will be capable of getting A data file back.
It is easier to retrieve with the support of B and X data files i.e. A = X (XOR) B. In a similar manner, the SBA operates in a way to render the simpler Back-up and recovery procedure. The important goal of the remote backup service is helping the user to gather data from any remote location even in the absence of network connectivity or if the data not observed on main cloud.
If the data is not seen on central repository, clients are permitted access to the files from remote repository (i.e. indirectly). It comprises of the Main Cloud and its clients and the Remote Server. Here, a random number is first set in the cloud and unique client id is set for each client. Secondly, every time the client id gets registered in the main cloud; then the client id and the random number get EXORed (XOR) with each other in order to generate the seed block for the concerned client. The seed block generated corresponding to every client is maintained in the remote server. Whenever a client generates the file in the cloud for the first time, it gets saved in the main cloud.
When saved in the main server, the client's main file is EXORed with the Seed Block of that particular client. Then that EXORed file gets saved in the remote server as a file (referred to as File dash). In case, unluckily if a file in the main cloud gets crashed / destroyed or the file is deleted by mistaken, then the user shall get back the original file through EXORing the file' with the seed block of the respective client to generate the original file and renders the result file i.e. the original file to the client who requested it.
Each task ti has two copies represented as tiO and that are executed on two different hosts for the purpose of fault tolerance.SBA Algorithm process stepsInitialization: Main Cloud: Mc, Remote Server Rs, Clients of Main Cloud Ci, Files a1 and a1,' Seed Block Si, Random Number r, Client's ID: Client_IdiInput: a1 created by Ci, r is generated at McOutput: Recovered file a1 after deletion at McGiven: Authenticated clients could allow uploading, downloading and do modification on its own the files only.Step 1: Generate a random number int r=rand();Step 2: Create a seed Block Si for each Ci and Store Si at Rs Si=r? Client_Idi (Repeat step 2 for all clients)Step 3: If Ci/Admin creates/modifies a a1 and stores at Mc, then a1′ create asa1'=a1?Si (2)Step 4: Call ACO algorithm for backup file Step 5: Store a' at RsStep 6: If server crashes a1 deleted from Mc, then, do EXOR to retrieve the original a1 as: a1=a1′?Si (3)Step 7: Return a1 to CiStep 8: EndFuzzy ACO algorithm The main cloud is termed as the central repository and remote backup cloud is termed as Backup repository. And if the central repository lost its data under any circumstances either of any natural calamity (for ex – earthquake, flood, fire etc.) or by human attack or deletion that has been done mistakenly and then it uses the information from the remote repository. The main objective of the backup facility is to help user to collect information from any remote location even if network connectivity is not available or if data not found on main cloud.
Backups have two distinct purposes. The primary purpose is to recover data after its loss, be it by data deletion or corruption. Data loss can be a common experience of computer users. The secondary purpose of backups is to recover data from an earlier time, according to a user-defined data retention policy, typically configured within a backup application for how long copies of data are required. Though backups popularly represent a simple form of disaster recovery, and should be part of a disaster recovery plan, by themselves, backups should not alone be considered disaster recovery. One reason for this is that not all backup systems or backup applications are able to reconstitute a computer system or other complex configurations such as a computer cluster, directory servers, or a database server, by restoring only data from a backup. Since a backup system contains at least one copy of all data worth saving, the data storage requirements can be significant.
Organizing this storage space and managing the backup process can be a complicated undertaking. A data repository model can be used to provide structure to the storage. Nowadays, there are many different types of data storage devices that are useful for making backups. The Remote backup services should cover the following issues such as privacy and ownership, relocation of servers to the cloud, data security, reliability and cost effectiveness.
Set the initial pheromone values.Generate and evaluate an initial population of ants. While the termination condition is not met, do the following:Update the pheromone values using given below formula?ij=??ij'+??ij (4)Where (i =1,….,b) is the index of the position in the sequence represented by an ant, b is the number of partial schedules, j(j=1,….,b) is the index of the partial schedule, ? is pheromone evaporation rate, ?ij'is the pheromone value in the previous iteration and ??ij is a change in the pheromone value. The value of ??ij is calculated by using ??ij=1Kijk=1psizeQobj(k)0 if value j is chosen by ant k (5)Where psize is the size of the population of ants, obj(k) is the objective function value (the total setup cost) for ant k,kij is the number of ants in the population for which value j is chosen to be put in position i. Q is a given constant.Update the solution represented by each ant on the basis of the pheromone concentration.
c. Evaluate each ant. Pij=?ijj=1b?ij (6)Consequently, in each iteration, the best ants are built. Return the best solution foundThe ACO algorithm is used for finding a sequence of the partial schedules (created by the CG algorithm) which minimizes the total setup cost.
A candidate solution is an ant which represents a sequence of the indices of the partial schedules. An initial population of ants is randomly generated. The total setup cost is taken as an objective function. Each ant is evaluated according to an objective function. Then scheduling is performed using backup and recovery files more effectively in next phase. In the ACO algorithm the optimal selection of ? is changed depending on the random manner. It is also very important parameter to increase the probability value Pij by iteration.
So the determination of ? becomes also very important factor. In this work ? is determined via the use of fuzzy membership function , triangular fuzzy number denoted by TFM =(x1, x2, x3), has the membership function. A triplet (x1, x2, x3),) is known as Triangular Fuzzy Number, where "x1 " represents smallest likely value of ?, "x2 " the most probable value of ?, and "x3" the largest possible value of ?. A more convenient and concise way to define a TMF is to express it as a mathematical formula is given in equation (6).TFM ?, x1, x2,x3=0 ??x1?-x1x2-x1 x1? ??x2x3- ?x3-x2 x2? ??x30 x3? ?(7)Where the parameters {x1, x2, x3} (with x1 < x2 < x3) determine the ? coordinates of the three corners of the underlying TMF. Here ? denotes the user pre defined pheromone evaporation rate. The step 2 is determined via the use of new updating of the pheromone values using given below formula?ij=?new?ij'+??ij (8)LIVE MIGRATION USING REMAINING PROBABILITY AWARE UTILIZATION WITH MINIMUM MIGRATION TIME (RPAUMMS) APPROACHIn this section, the live migration is implemented by using RPAUMMS approach more effectively.
The impact of live migration technology on system performance has been discussed in this section. Generally, the process of live migration consumes some computing resources. Therefore, a large number of VM migrations can consume a large amount of system resources and may cause SLA violations. Therefore, it is necessary to design proper policies to decrease the number of migrations when conducting VM consolidation. It uses the technology of live migration to implement VM consolidation and improve the resource utilization of physical servers. Live migration is a core technique to implement load balancing, fault tolerance, and power savings in a virtualization environment. The influence of live migration on virtual machine workloads, especially complex interactive workloads, hasn't been considered. Then the fault tolerance mechanism involved improving the performance in further section.
Fault tolerance systemMeasures the strength of the fault tolerance mechanism in terms of the granularity at which it can handle errors and failures in the system. This factor is characterized by the robustness of failure detection protocols, state synchronization methods, and strength of the fail-over granularity. A scheme that leverages the virtualization technology to tolerate crash faults in the Cloud in a transparent manner is discussed in this section. The system or user application that must be protected from failures is first encapsulated in a VM (say active VM or the primary), and operations are performed at the VM level (in contrast to traditional approach of operating at the application level) to obtain paired servers that run in active-passive configuration. Since the protocol is applied at the VM level, this scheme can be used independent of the application and underlying hardware, offering an increased level of generality.
In particular, we discuss the design of Remus as an example system that offers the above mentioned properties. Remus aims to provide high availability to the applications, and to achieve this, it works in four phases:1. Checkpoint the changed memory state at the primary and continue to next epoch of network and disk request streams. 2. Replicate system state on the backup.
3. Send checkpoint acknowledgement from the backup when complete memory checkpoint and corresponding disk requests have been received. 4. Release outbound network packets queued during the previous epoch upon receiving the acknowledgementThis scenario utilizes the Remaining Probability Aware utilization (RPAU) algorithm to find the new placement for migrating VMs. The RUA algorithm is aware of the number of VMs running on the host and the host's remaining resources when finding a target host for VMs.
Therefore, it is more robust to deal with the variable workload when placing VMs on the physical server. Live migration is used for VM migration in a daily or weekly form, and the dynamic consolidation means that the VM migration would occur at every moment. Probability theory is used to evaluate the reliability of conclusions and inferences based on resources in the cloud or VM . For a resource allocation 'A' of a discrete resource availability RA, the probability of 'A' can be computed by using the formulaPA=N(A)N(RA) (9)where N(A) denotes the number of elements of A and NRAdenotes the number of resource availability in the sample space 'RA'. For a discrete case, the probability of a resource allocation 'A' can be computed by counting the number of elements in A and dividing it by the number of elements in the sample space 'RA'.
RPAU can be divided into two steps. First, the candidate host list is created by choosing hosts in the cloud data center. The candidate host is the one who has available CPU resource allocated to the newly-coming VM, and the under loaded host should be excluded from the candidate host list. Then, the process of finding the host for VM placement can be divided into two cases:Case 1. if a host's CPU utilization status ucpuN>y &PA, the VM whose CPU utilization request from the host is less than ucpuN can be placed on the host.Case 2. if a host's CPU utilization status ucpuN?y&PA, the VM whose CPU utilization request from the host is not less than ucpuN can be placed on the host.
If some VMs still cannot find a suitable host after traversing the candidate host list, then PABFD 20 is applied to complete VM migration. Furthermore, all of the VM placements are supposed to keep the target host from overloading.RPAU aims to improve the PM's resource utilization by placing VMs on less hosts. Meanwhile, it takes host's resource utilization status into account and tries to improve average utilization, as well as avoid putting too many VMs on the same host. Hence, RPAU can tolerant the variable workload and reduce the number of migrations among hosts. On the other hand, RPAU can also prevent placing VMs that have a large resource request on the same host for reducing resource competition among VMs. It can make the probability of server overloading decrease, keep server's status relatively stable and reduce SLA violations, as well.
Input- Candidate_hostList, VMList, Output-MigrationschedulingFor each VM in VMList doallocatedHost NULLCPURequired VM.getCPUrequired()for each host in hostList doif host has enough resource for VM thenCPUratio CPURequired/host.getTotalCPU()If ucpuN>y thenif CPUratio<ucpuN thenallocatedHost HostEnd ifElse thenIf CPUratio>=ucpuN thenallocatedHost HostEnd if End ifEnd forIf allocatedHost ? NULL thenmigrationSched.
add(VM,allocatedHost)Else thenmigrationSched.add (PABFD(VM,allocatedHost))end ifend forReturn migrationSchedulingIntegrated VM consolidation Input: hostList , Output: scheduleMapFor each: host in hostList doIf LR(host) is overloaded thenWhile host is overloaded doVM MMT(host)Once it has been decided that a host is overloaded then select particular VMs to migrate from this host. For this purpose, we use Minimum Migration Time policy for virtual machine selection.Migrationlist.add(VM)After a selection of a VM to migrate, the host is checked again for being overloaded. If it is still considered as being overloaded, the VM selection policy is applied again to select another VM to migrate from the host.
This is following steps repeated until the host is considered as being not overloaded.End whileEnd ifEnd forScheduleMap.add(RPAU (migrationList)) The Minimum Migration Time (MMT) policy migrates a VM v that requires the minimum time to complete a migration relatively to the other VMs allocated to the host.The Migration time is estimated as the amount of RAM utilized by the VM divided by the spare network bandwidth available for the host j.
Let Vj be a set of VMs currently allocated to the host j.Obtain candidateHostSet from hostListMMT policy finds amount of RAM utilized by VM as per availability of network bandwidth.For each host selected from candidateHostSet do The system finds the host with the minimum utilization compared to the other hosts, and tries to place the VMs from this host on other hosts keeping them not overloaded.If PA(host) is underloaded thenIf RPAU (host.getVMList()) succeeds thenScheduleMap.add(RPAU (host.
getVMList()))If this can be accomplished, the VMs are set for migration to the determined target hosts, and the source host is switched to the sleep mode once all the migrations have been completed.If all the VMs from the source host cannot be placed on other hosts, the host is kept active.End ifEnd ifEnd forThis process is iteratively repeated for all hosts that have not been considered as being overloaded.Return scheduleMapEXPERIMENTAL RESULTNeed discussion about simulation environment Scheduling timeFig 3 Scheduling timeFrom the Fig 3, it can be observed that the performance metric is evaluated in terms of scheduling time. In x-axis, the number of data is taken and in y-axis scheduling time is taken. The existing methods are shown higher scheduling time and the proposed method provides lower scheduling time. Hence the experimental result proves that the proposed RPAUMMS approach provides better task migration scheduling in cloud.Computational costFig 4 Computational costFrom the above Fig 4, the graph demonstrated that the computational cost metric alongside the number of dataset.
In x-axis the number of data is considered and in y-axis the computational cost is considered. The experimental result is presented that the FESTAL and LMMC have shown the higher computational cost. The proposed RPAUMMS is shown that the lower computational cost metric. Thus the result demonstrates that the proposed RPAUMMS is better than the existing FESTAL and LMMC algorithms.
Energy consumptionFig 5 Energy consumptionFrom the above Fig 5, the graph demonstrated that the energy consumption alongside the number of data. In x-axis the number of data is considered and in y-axis the energy consumption is considered. The experimental result is presented that the FESTAL and LMMC have shown the higher energy consumption. The proposed RPAUMMS is shown that the lower energy consumption. Thus the result demonstrates that the proposed RPAUMMS is better than the existing FESTAL and LMMC algorithms. Fig 6 Resource utilizationFrom the above Fig 6, the graph demonstrated that the resource utilization alongside the number of task. In x-axis the number of task is considered and in y-axis the resource utilization is considered.
The cloud service providers need to perform the fault tolerance/availability analysis to the end users. The experimental result is presented that the FESTAL and LMMC have shown the lower resource utilization. The proposed RPAUMMS approach is shown that the higher resource utilization.
The proposed system maximizes the resource utilization and reduces the energy consumption during the scheduling. Thus the result demonstrates that the proposed RPAUMMS approach is better than the existing FESTAL and LMMC algorithms. Fig 7 Cost (s)From the above Fig 7, the graph demonstrated that the cost metric alongside the number of task. In x-axis the number of task is considered and in y-axis the cost metric is considered.
Fault tolerance measures can be used to quantify the dependability of the cloud system. It predicts the average time required to replace the faulty component of the system to bring the system back to operational mode. The experimental result is presented that the FESTAL and LMMC have shown the higher cost metric. The proposed RPAUMMS approach is shown that the higher cost metric. Thus the result demonstrates that the proposed RPAUMMS approach is better than the existing FESTAL and LMMC algorithms. Fig 8 ReusabilityFrom the above Fig 8, the graph demonstrated that the reusability alongside the number of task.
In x-axis the number of task is considered and in y-axis the reusability is considered. Reuse the potential components and improve the fault tolerance performance by predicting the failure more accurately in scheduling. The experimental result is presented that the FESTAL and LMMC have shown the higher reusability. The proposed RPAUMMS approach is shown that the lower reusability. Thus the result demonstrates that the proposed RPAUMMS approach is better than the existing FESTAL and LMMC algorithms.CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Scheduling is one of the most important aspects in cloud computing environment.
In this research, scheduling algorithm is efficiently scheduling the computational tasks and VM migration is performed effectively. Initially, map reduce approach is used to partition the data and integrate the solutions effectively. SBA algorithm is focused to improve the fault tolerance which increases the scheduling efficiency higher. Then FACO algorithm is applied for obtaining backup file which finds sequence of the partial schedules optimally. It provides more security for cloud data and reduced the time complexity significantly.
The VM live migration is achieved by using proposed Remaining Probability Aware Utilization with Minimum Migration Time (RPAUMMS) approach. Fault tolerance is a major concern in the cloud environments to guarantee availability of critical services and execution. The Map Reduce approach is used to partition the cloud data and integrate the best solutions in cloud storage as maps. Then in order to increases security of the cloud data, encryption is performed by using Hash Key Generation (HKG). This method is robust to select the number of VMs to complete the user tasks in less execution time.
It involves efficient resource allocation, task analyze, resource allocation for jobs and model analyze for migration, migration of tasks. Thus it reduced the energy consumed and high cost for the provider's side, when more virtual machines are allocated prominently. The experimental result proves that the proposed RPAUMMS approach has superior performance than the existing approaches. REFERENCESCalheiros, R.N.
; Ranjan, R.; Beloglazov, A.; Rose, C.A.; Buyya, R. CloudSim: A toolkit for modeling and simulation of cloud computing environments and evaluation of resource provisioning algorithms. Softw.
Pract. Exp. 2011, 41, 23–50.Bechtolsheim A, "Cloud Computing and Cloud Networking" talk at UC Berkeley, December 2008.Calheiros, Rodrigo N., Rajiv Ranjan, and Rajkumar Buyya. "Virtual machine provisioning based on analytical performance and QoS in cloud computing environments." Parallel processing (ICPP), 2011 international conference on.
IEEE, 2011.Ye, Kejiang, et al. "Virtual machine based energy-efficient data center architecture for cloud computing: a performance perspective." Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing. IEEE Computer Society, 2010.Nelson, Michael. "Virtual machine migration.
" U.S. Patent No. 7,484,208. 27 Jan. 2009.Shrivastava, Vivek, et al. "Application-aware virtual machine migration in data centers.
" INFOCOM, 2011 Proceedings IEEE. IEEE, 2011.Liu, Huan, and Dan Orban. "Cloud mapreduce: A mapreduce implementation on top of a cloud operating system." Proceedings of the 2011 11th IEEE/ACM international symposium on cluster, cloud and grid computing. IEEE Computer Society, 2011.Li, Jiayin, et al. "Online optimization for scheduling preemptable tasks on IaaS cloud systems.
" Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 72.5 (2012): 666-677.Ibrahim, Elhossiny, Nirmeen A. El-Bahnasawy, and Fatma A. Omara. "Task Scheduling Algorithm in Cloud Computing Environment Based on Cloud Pricing Models.
" Computer Applications & Research (WSCAR), 2016 World Symposium on. IEEE, 2016.Zhong, Zhifeng, et al. "Virtual machine-based task scheduling algorithm in a cloud computing environment." Tsinghua Science and Technology 21.6 (2016): 660-667.Mohandas, Maya, and KR Remesh Babu. "Live migration of virtual machines in the homogeneous cloud.
" Emerging Technological Trends (ICETT), International Conference on. IEEE, 2016.Kinger, S.; Kumar, R.; Sharma, A. Prediction based proactive thermal virtual machine scheduling in green clouds.
Sci. World J. 2014, doi:10.1155/2014/208983.
Jhawar, Ravi, Vincenzo Piuri, and Marco Santambrogio. "Fault tolerance management in cloud computing: A system-level perspective." IEEE Systems Journal 7.2 (2013): 288-297.
Kankowski, P., 2008. Hash functions: An empirical comparison. Google Scholar.
Al-Jaroodi, Jameela, Nader Mohamed, and Klaithem Al Nuaimi. "An efficient fault-tolerant algorithm for distributed cloud services." Second Symposium on Network Cloud Computing and Applications (NCCA), 2012.


text:
WYDOT proposes plan to prevent wildlife deaths in 'path of the pronghorn'
PINEDALE, WY – The Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) established themselves as a regional leader in efforts to reduce wildlife mortality on roadways last week when they unveiled an ambitious plan to preserve wildlife movement through the 'path of the pronghorn' in northwest Wyoming. Despite their inability to win a federal grant to fund a state-wide system of wildlife crossing structures, the agency has decided to move ahead and committed millions of dollars of Wyoming general transportation funds to construct wildlife overpasses and underpasses in this corridor; an area seen as crucial to maintaining the pronghorn migration from the Upper Green River Valley into Grand Teton National Park. This system is critically needed to reduce wildlife vehicle collisions and increase safety for motor vehicle users along Highway 191.
"This is a big step forward for Wyoming's wildlife," said NPCA Grand Teton Program Manager Sharon Mader. "We applaud the leadership of WYDOT and the collaborative work of other federal and state land use agencies in their efforts to preserve the path of the pronghorn. Initiatives such as this present a model for the region to protect and connect large landscapes throughout the West."
WYDOT's plans to construct wildlife crossing structures, including two wildlife overpasses and a series of underpasses along 23 miles of Highway 191 will have a significant positive impact by allowing for safe wildlife movement across the highway.
"WYDOT District Three Engineer John Eddins deserves much credit for his efforts in promoting and constructing wildlife road mitigation in the face of diminished budgets," Mader added. "He has been a leading figure in improving road safety while preserving wildlife migration access, which was highlighted when he and his staff were profiled at the recent meeting of the Western Governors' Association wildlife committee as a laudable model for wildlife corridor preservation."
The National Parks Conservation Association has focused efforts in Wyoming on preserving the migration of pronghorn antelope from the Green River Valley into Grand Teton National Park. Although Wyoming has an abundant population of antelope, the Grand Teton herd has been reduced to a remnant band of 300-400 animals that successfully make the 150 mile bi-annual migration. Historically, as many as 6,000 pronghorn successfully made this trek each year. This dramatic reduction in migrating animals alarmed scientists who fear that any further disruption in migration pathways could eliminate a future population of pronghorn in the park. Portions of their historic migration corridor have been dramatically restricted in areas narrowed by roadways and development that are referred to as bottlenecks. Despite successes in private land conservation in the valley by land trusts and foundations, highway road kill remains a significant contributor to pronghorn mortality in this wildlife-rich valley.
"The 'path of the pronghorn' has been increasing challenged by commercial, residential and industrial development in the Upper Green, and a marked increase in numbers of animals killed on highways," Mader said. "The most notorious stretch bisects this important wildlife movement corridor in an area known as Trappers Point. This is the section of Highway 191 that will be the focus of WYDOT's project this summer."
In 2008, the U.S. Forest Service, Grand Teton National Park and the National Wildlife Refuge signed a 'Pledge of Support' to establish a protected national wildlife corridor across federal lands from the Upper Green into Grand Teton to preserve the pronghorn migration.
About National Parks Conservation Association
Since 1919, the nonpartisan National Parks Conservation Association (NPCA) has been the leading voice in safeguarding our national parks. NPCA and its more than one million members and supporters work together to protect and preserve our nation's natural, historical, and cultural heritage for future generations. For more information, visit www.npca.org.
For Media Inquiries
Kati SchmidtDirector, Communications
- NPCA Region:
- Northern Rockies


text:
Document Type
Case Summary
Publication Date
Case Synopsis
The court considered whether a judgment creditor in a domesticated foreign judgment may add a nonparty to a final judgment, under the alter ego doctrine, simply by moving to amend the judgment. The court held that such a procedure violates the due process rights of the nonparty whom the creditor seeks to add. To observe the requisite attributes of due process, a judgment creditor who wishes to assert an alter ego claim must do so in an independent action against the alleged alter ego.
Recommended Citation
Meich, Bret, "Summary of Callie v. Bowling, 123 Nev. Adv. Op. No. 22" (2007). Nevada Supreme Court Summaries. 490.


text:
JavaScript Programming Training
Become a Full Stack Web Developer with comprehensive training on JavaScript. Get free JavaScript Interviews Q&A booklet.
Updated on Sep, 2023
Language - English
Course Description
A warm welcome to the JavaScript course by Uplatz.
In summary, JavaScript is a programming language that drives the web: from front-end user interface design to backend server-side programming, you'll find JavaScript at every stage of a website and web application. It allows you to implement complex features on web pages - every time a web page does more than just sit there and display static information for you to look at - displaying timely content updates, interactive maps, animated 2D/3D graphics, scrolling video jukeboxes, etc. - you can be sure that JavaScript is probably involved. It is the third layer of the layer cake of standard web technologies, the other two being HTML and CSS.
Uplatz provides this comprehensive JavaScript course with end-to-end demonstration of concepts starting from the most fundamental to the most advanced features of JavaScript. This course also includes the full session (with free downloadable booklet) on the most important JavaScript interview questions and answers. Additionally, this JavaScript training provides you with a comprehensive session on logical reasoning problems & solutions in JavaScript, again with a freely downloadable booklet of the session.
This JavaScript training will empower you with the skills to design client-side, platform-independent solutions that greatly increase the value of your Web site by providing interactivity and interest. You will learn how to use JavaScript to communicate with users, modify the Document Object Model (DOM), control program flow, validate forms, animate images, create cookies, change HTML on the fly, and communicate with databases.
The first phase of this JavaScript course focuses on essential JavaScript principles and techniques, including common programming practices, working with variables and data, and using functions, methods and events. This JavaScript course by Uplatz will familiarize you with programming basics such as writing program instructions that work with variables, numbers and text, adding comments to your code, gathering input from a user and giving a response, creating simple dialog boxes that prompt the users, etc.
The next part of the JavaScript course then focuses on intermediate JavaScript programming techniques that will build upon your knowledge and present solutions for more functional and exciting Web pages. These include using control structures for program flow, manipulating the JavaScript DOM, using language objects, creating expressions, and creating and using custom objects.
Finally, you will learn how to apply JavaScript programming techniques to develop interactive forms, change HTML dynamically, create and use cookies, and explore security issues related to JavaScript. You will also take a deep-dive into how to build extensions to the JavaScript language, including JavaScript code libraries, Web APIs and advanced interactive Web applications with AJAX. You will also learn throughout the course the tools and techniques for debugging and troubleshooting your JavaScript code. The JavaScript training will familiarize you to Frames, Cookies in JavaScript, working with Objects and Methods, and embedding JavaScript within HTML.
By the end of this JavaScript course, you will be able to understand the core concepts and programming constructs on JavaScript and be able to use JavaScript to build complex web applications.
JavaScript course curriculum
Introduction to JavaScript
Introduction to Scripting
JavaScript Characteristics
JavaScript and Common Programming Concepts
JavaScript Flavors and Versions
Technologies Based on JavaScript
Server-Side vs. Client-Side Applications
Annotating Your Code with Comments
Expanding the Role of JavaScript
Working with Variables and Data in JavaScript
Using JavaScript to Communicate with the User
Using Data More Than Once: Variables
JavaScript Operators
JavaScript Expressions
JavaScript Alerts and Prompts
Inline Scripting, Simple User Events and Basic Event Handlers
JavaScript Keywords and Reserved Words
Functions, Methods and Events in JavaScript
Introduction to Functions
Defining a Function
Calling a Function
Methods as Functions
Types of Functions
User Events and JavaScript Event Handlers
Debugging and Troubleshooting JavaScript
What Is Debugging?
Tools for Debugging Code
Testing Code in Various Browsers
Debugging Logic Errors
JavaScript and Mobile Devices
Controlling Program Flow in JavaScript
Controlling Decisional Program Flow
The if...else Statement
The while Statement
The do...while Statement
The for Statement
The break Statement
The continue Statement
The switch Statement
The JavaScript Document Object Model (DOM)
The JavaScript Document Object Model (DOM)
The window Object
The document Object
The image Object
The history Object
The location Object
The navigator Object
The Virtual DOM
JavaScript Language Objects
Introduction to JavaScript Language Objects
The String Object
Evaluating Strings
JavaScript Regular Expressions
The Array Object
The for Each Method
The Map Method
The Date Object
Setting and Extracting Time Information
The Math Object
Custom JavaScript Objects
Creating Custom Objects
Creating a JavaScript Object: The Constructor
Creating an Instance of a Custom Object
Creating Object Methods
Creating Functions for Your Objects
Concept of Classes
Iterators and Generators
Call, apply and bind
Changing HTML on the Fly
Changing HTML on the Fly
Using the getElementById Method
Using the getElementsByName Method
Using the getElementsByTagName Method
Using the getElementsByClassName Method
Modifying Attributes within the DOM
Appending Text to the DOM
Developing Interactive Forms with JavaScript
Interactive Forms
Overview of Form Elements
Referring to Form Elements
The form Object
The input Elements and text Objects
The textarea object
The select Object
Form Validation
Common form Security Errors
JavaScript Security
Introduction to JavaScript Security Issues
Browser vs. Operating System
Browser-Specific Security Issues
Browser Compatibility and Client-Side Detection
Script Blocking
Differences in document.write Among Browsers
Malicious and Accidental Coding
Frame-to-Frame URL Changing
Signed Scripts
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Cookies and Security in JavaScript
Ethics in Collecting, Storing, Using and Protecting User Data
Creating Secure JavaScript Code
JavaScript Libraries and Frameworks
Introduction to JavaScript Libraries and Frameworks
Choosing a Code Library
External and Pre-made Scripts
Loading Your First Library
Using JavaScript Library Plug-ins
Using Frameworks
Best Practices with JavaScript Libraries and Frameworks
Copyright Issues and JavaScript
JavaScript and AJAX
Introduction to AJAX
Handling Data and Content Types
Interactions Among JavaScript, Data and HTML
Using AJAX Scripts
AJAX and Servers
AJAX and Databases
Usability Issues with AJAX
Combining AJAX with Libraries
Introduction to Web APIs
Web Application Programming Interface (API)
The Web Storage API
The Geolocation API
The Canvas API
JavaScript course objectives
Some of the main objectives of this course include helping you understand:
What JavaScript is and where it is used
Basic programming concepts like variables, data types and conditional statements
What functions are and why they're useful
Build and use logical statements to make decisions within your code
Build JavaScript programs leveraging functions, loops and iterative programming constructs
Make your web pages comes to life with Interactive Content
Handle data and updating page content without page refreshes using JSON and AJAX
Incorporating JavaScript into your HTML pages
How to troubleshoot programming problems
The syntax of the JavaScript programming language
Implement and maintain hypertext-based Web sites using authoring and scripting languages
Create Web content
Use Web management tools and digital media tools
Apply human-factor principles to design
Get a strong foundation in JavaScript to become ready for Full Stack Web Development using frameworks like Angular and Node.js
Proceed on your journey for MEAN/MERN web developer career tracks
Who this course is for:
- Web Developers & Designers
- Software Developers
- Application Programmers
- Full Stack Developers and Front End Developers
- Newbies and Beginners aspiring for a career in Web Development
- Anyone who wants to create Websites
- Website Owners
- Anyone who wishes to proceed on MEAN & MERN web developer career tracks
- Advanced JavaScript Programmers
- HTML5 Developers
- UI/UX Designers
What will you learn in this course:
Complete knowledge of JavaScript programming
Prepare for Web Developer interviews with free JavaScript Interview Q&A booklet
Learn how to write code in JavaScript with free JavaScript reasoning problems & solutions booklet
Overview of JavaScript, Advantages of JS, Difference between Java and JavaScript
Outputting Text, Display Properties, History and Location Objects
Statements, Keywords, Variables, Data Types, Comments
Variable Hosting, Casting, Operators, Built-in Constants, Objects
Strings and Numbers
Dates and Dialog Boxes
Comparison Operators, Built-in Functions, Looping
Arrays and Types of Arrays, Array manipulation
Event Handlers
Incorporating JavaScript into HTML Pages
Shallow Cloning, Iterate to get Keys, Object Properties
Attributes, Hiding Scripts, Command Blocks, HTML Layout
Mathematical & Bitwise Operators, Constructors, Declarations
Function and Function Scoping
Recursive Function, Functional JavaScript, Prototypes and Objects, Classes in JS
Getters and Setters, Namespacing, Context this, Events, Inheritance
Method Chaining, Callbacks, Intervals & Timeouts, Regular Expressions
Cookies, Web Storage, Data Attributes, JSON, Timestamps
AJAX, Enumerations, Map, Unary Operators
Generators, Iteration, Promises, Error Handling with Promises
Sets, Modals, Prompts, execCommand, contenteditable, History, Navigator Object, BOM
Event Loop, Strict Mode, Custom Elements, Data Manipulation, Template Literals
Fetch, Scope, Modules
Screen, Variable Coercion, Destructuring Assignment, Web Sockets, Arrow Function
Creational Design Patterns, Detecting Browser & Symbols, Transpiling, ASI
Localization, IndexedDB, Proxy, Weak Set, Weak Map
Escape Sequences, Server-sent Events, Async Functions, Iterators
Tail Call Optimization, File API, Blobs, FileReaders, Web Cryptography API
Security Issues, Error Handling, Debugging, Memory Efficiency, Reserved Keywords
What are the prerequisites for this course?
- Enthusiasm and determination to make your mark on the world!
Check out the detailed breakdown of what's inside the course
Overview of JavaScript
1 Lectures
- Overview of JavaScript, Advantages of JS, Difference between Java and JavaScript 01:06:41 01:06:41
Outputting Text with JavaScript
2 Lectures
JavaScript Building Blocks
1 Lectures
Variable Hosting, Casting, Operators, Built-in Constants, Objects
2 Lectures
Strings and Numbers
1 Lectures
Dates and Dialog Boxes
1 Lectures
Comparison Operators, Built-in Functions, Looping
2 Lectures
Arrays and Types of Arrays
2 Lectures
Array Manipulation, Event Handlers, Incorporating JavaScript into HTML Pages
2 Lectures
Shallow Cloning, Iterate to get Keys, Object Properties
2 Lectures
Attributes, Hiding Scripts, Command Blocks, HTML Layout
2 Lectures
Mathematical & Bitwise Operators, Constructors, Declarations
2 Lectures
Function and Function Scoping
3 Lectures
Recursive Function, Functional JavaScript, Prototypes and Objects, Classes in JS
2 Lectures
Getters and Setters, Namespacing, Context this, Events, Inheritance
2 Lectures
Method Chaining, Callbacks, Intervals & Timeouts, Regular Expressions
1 Lectures
Cookies, Web Storage, Data Attributes, JSON, Timestamps
2 Lectures
AJAX, Enumerations, Map, Unary Operators
2 Lectures
Generators, Iteration, Promises, Error Handling with Promises
2 Lectures
Sets, Modals, Prompts, execCommand, contenteditable, History, Navigator Obj, BOM
2 Lectures
Event Loop, Strict Mode, Custom Elements, Data Manipulation, Template Literals
2 Lectures
Fetch, Scope, Modules
1 Lectures
Screen, Variable Coercion, Destructuring Assignment, Web Sockets, Arrow Function
1 Lectures
Creational Design Patterns, Detecting Browser & Symbols, Transpiling, ASI
1 Lectures
Localization, IndexedDB, Proxy, Weak Set, Weak Map
1 Lectures
Escape Sequences, Server-sent Events, Async Functions, Iterators
1 Lectures
Tail Call Optimization, File API, Blobs, FileReaders, Web Cryptography API
1 Lectures
Security Issues, Error Handling, Debugging, Memory Efficiency, Reserved Keywords
1 Lectures
JavaScript Interview Questions & Answers
1 Lectures
JavaScript Logical Problems & Programs
1 Lectures
Instructor Details
Uplatz is UK-based leading IT Training provider serving students across the globe. Our uniqueness comes from the fact that we provide online training courses at a fraction of the average cost of these courses in the market.
Over a short span of 3 years, Uplatz has grown massively to become a truly global IT training provider with a wide range of career-oriented courses on cutting-edge technologies and software programming.
Course Certificate
User your certification to make a career change or to advance in your current career. Salaries are among the highest in the world.
Our students work
with the Best
Related Video CoursesView More
Annual Membership
Become a valued member of Tutorials Point and enjoy unlimited access to our vast library of top-rated Video CoursesSubscribe now
Online Certifications
Master prominent technologies at full length and become a valued certified professional.Explore Now


text:
There's no doubt that charities are hugely important to the UK and to us, as citizens. There are more than 160,000 charities in England and Wales which, according to John Low, Chief Executive of the Charities Aid Foundation, make up "the backbone of Britain". Every day, they improve the lives of millions of people. Charitable giving is an aspect of our society that makes the UK among the most generous countries in the world.
A recent report found that every day, UK charities spend £136.4 million – equivalent to £1,578 per second – supporting our diverse communities. In fact, four in five people benefited from a charitable service in the last twelve months. Because of their reach and the amount of money involved, how charities are run and the way in which they are regulated are never far from the spotlight.
Recently, Oxfam became involved in a scandal about the sexual conduct of some of its staff working in Haiti following the earthquake in 2010. It is, of course, right that there should be an investigation into any misconduct, breaches of the charity's code of conduct, or knock-on effects of undermining the public's trust in charitable giving.
Last week, the UK's International Development Secretary, Penny Mordaunt, formally responded to the investigation, by saying: "I made three demands: that they [Oxfam] make clear how they will handle any forthcoming allegations around safeguarding – historic or live; that they report staff members involved in this incident to their respective national governments; and that they fully cooperate with the Haitian authorities, including handing over all evidence they hold. Oxfam has now confirmed that they have complied with all of these points.
"Following our discussions, Oxfam has agreed to withdraw from bidding for any new UK Government funding until DFID is satisfied that they can meet the high standards we expect of our partners … Our primary guiding principle in this will be the welfare of the beneficiaries of UK aid."
Given the importance of charitable work in the UK and abroad and the fact that this work relies on trust and confidence, we must continue to shine a light on the conduct of all registered UK charities, whether there is any truth in allegations or not.
According to figures received by the UK's Charity Commission, British Muslims are estimated to have given approximately £100 million to charity during Ramadan in 2016. This makes British Muslims the most generous charity-givers in the UK. It is vital that we continue to give to support the incredible work achieved by charities in the UK.
The UK's Charity Commission has advice on how to ensure your donations go to legitimate charities, such as finding out more information about a charity before giving, and checking it is registered with them. It also urges donors to double check people's ID if they're asking for money in person, checking their collection tin is sealed and undamaged, or simply asking more questions about their work. A genuine fundraiser should be happy to answer questions and explain more about the work of the charity.
With confidence, we can continue to give safely and ensure that the lives of millions of people of all faiths and none in our diverse and multicultural country are improved.


text:
As Arkansas fans, we know a little bit about the sting of defeat. It's not enough to lose. Anybody can do that. I assume, if you're a perennial bottom-dweller, it gets a little easier to stomach. But for a loss to hurt in a real, lasting way, there has to be an element of belief and the stakes need to be high.
We specialize in this. Though none of the losses on this list may rise to the level of The Game Of The Century (which, according to family lore, left my father unwilling to speak until the following Tuesday), we'll put Arkansas' worst gut punches of the BCS era up against anybody's.
NOTE: I'm not a sadist and so I won't be posting highlights of these games.
#1 ULM 34, No. 8 Arkansas 31
Sept. 12, 2012
Little Rock, AR
The most obvious genesis of our current football misery would be the moment Louisville's current head coach skidded his motorcycle off a mountain highway with his girlfriend/employee in tow.
But this was the night when we began to understand the state he'd left us in.
The Hogs, off the heels of 21 wins in two years and an impressive Cotton Bowl showing, opened the year as a top-10 team. But by the time Tyler Wilson left the game shortly before halftime in second game of the year, it was already apparent this team had issues. The running game was struggling to get going, Knile Davis was clearly not back to 2010 form, Wilson was getting hit hard and often, and the defense was bending far too often.
In the second half, the damn broke. Murphy's Law couldn't have predicted such a sequence after the Hogs took a 28-7 lead in the third quarter.
Without Wilson, the team came apart. Dennis Johnson averaged over seven yards per carry, but mysteriously received only seven carries. Brandon Allen was clearly overwhelmed when things started to go downhill, but for some reason the staff continued to put the game in his hands. He passed 20 times in the final two quarters and OT, completing only six.
Meanwhile, ULM QB Kevin Browning was having his way with the Arkansas defense, completing 42 of 67 passes for 412 yards and rushing for 69 yards and another TD.
Midway through the fourth quarter, the eventual outcome seemed like a foregone conclusion. Shortly thereafter, Browning scrambled in from 16 yards out on 4th-and-1 in the first overtime, ending the game and our illusions that everything was going to be OK.
# 2 The Stoernover
Nov. 14, 1998
Knoxville, Tenn.
No. 1 Tennessee 28, No. 9 Arkansas 24
They say time heals all wounds. Might sound trite, but I know it's true based on the fact that this game was not unanimous gut-punch selection among our panel.
On one hand, I get it. They were No. 1, the eventual national champ, and were playing at home.They were supposed to win.
On the other hand, how might our fates have differed if Arkansas (which was an undefeated top-10 team at the time) pulled off the upset?
Also, we blew a 21-3 lead, lost in the flukiest of ways and seemed totally deflated for the rest of the season.
You already know what happened. Stoerner tripped over a lineman's foot, reflexively attempted to break his fall with the ball, Tennessee recovered the fumble and went on to score the game-winning touchdown in the waning moments.
But what about all the missed opportunities in the fourth quarter?
- A perfectly set-up screen pass dropped on 3rd-and-7
- A field goal attempt blocked on the next play
- A bad punt snap that led to a safety, cutting the lead to 24-22
By the time Stoerner stumbled, you could sense how it would end, because while Stoerner vastly outplayed Tee Martin on this day, the Hogs couldn't stop Travis Henry and he was only getting stronger as the game went on. He carried five straight times following the fumble recovery, covering the last 43 of his 197 rushing yards and scoring the game-winner from 1-yard out.
All they needed was a field goal, and all we needed was one first down.
I can watch the fumble. It's unavoidable. You see it any time people talk about Tennessee's national championship or the SEC's great games or how all teams need to get lucky from time to time. I'm deadened to it.
But to this day I've never rewatched what happened afterward. I probably never will. Once was too much.
#3 SEC Championship
Dec. 2, 2006
Atlanta, GA
No. 4 Florida 38, No. 8 Arkansas 28
"The last two times we were here, it wasn't a real ballgame. This was a real ballgame."
- Houston Nutt
It was, hence its spot on this list.
Arkansas had previously played in the SEC title game in 1995 and 2003, losing by a combined total of 64-6 to Florida and Georgia, respectively.
And when Florida raced out to a 17-0 lead in the 2006 championship game, it looked like little old Arkansas was being put in its place again.
But this was a different Razorback team.
After getting embarrassed by USC in the season opener, the Hogs won 10 straight. A 31-26 loss to a top-10 LSU team in the previous week had crippled any hopes of something bigger, but we still had an elusive conference title to play for.
Just before halftime, the Hogs struck. Casey Dick, back under center after replacing freshman Mitch Mustain a few weeks prior in the South Carolina game, hit Marcus Monk for a 48-yard TD just before halftime.
It seemed to rejuvenate the Hogs. The running game was struggling (McFadden 21/73, Jones 14/57), but the defense helped out with a pair of interceptions.
Arkansas cut the lead to 17-14 when McFadden hit Jones for a 2-yard touchdown pass early in the third quarter, and the Hogs took the lead soon after when Antwain Robinson returned an interception 40 yards for a TD.
And then, Reggie Fish.
It's his muffed punt, recovered by the Gators in the end zone, that swung momentum back in Florida's favor, and it's up there with Stoerner's fumble in moments of Razorback infamy.
That's fair. It was a bad (terrible) decision to try to float back inside the 3-yard line and try to field a punt Willie Mays style. It was made all the worse because Arkansas fans, conditioned to expect the worst, could see it happening before our eyes in slow motion.
But it was just one of many special teams gaffes in this game. The Hogs had a punt blocked in the first half and just before Fish's ill-fated moment, we allowed Florida to convert a first down on a fake punt. If we stop them there, we've got the ball in Gator territory, and the most memorable moment of Reggie Fish's career would've been the Hideaway-Reggie Run.
The Hogs stayed in it in the fourth. After Percy Harvin (who we had no answer for) sprinted around right end for a 67-yard TD early in the quarter, Arkansas cut the lead back to three on a reverse pass from Cedric Washington to Felix for a 29-yard TD.
But we never got closer. Florida tacked on a touchdown on their ensuing possession and soon after the bowels of the Georgia Dome were reverberating with monotonous Gator chants.
On one hand, Arkansas proved they belonged with the big boys in this game. Florida would go on to curb-stomp Ohio State in the National Championship game, touching off the SEC's streak of dominance.
On the other hand, the loss -- and specifically the way we lost -- seemed to serve as a reminder that the Hogs remain snakebit. After winning 10 straight and nearly running through the SEC unbeaten, the 2006 team lost its last three, capped by a lackluster 17-14 loss to Wisconsin in the Capital One Bowl. And afterward, all the drama that had been festering throughout the season with Malzahn, Mustain, et. al, finally boiled over and signaled the beginning of Houston Nutt's demise.
And you can't put all of that on poor old Reggie.
Brent Holloway is a lifelong Hog fan originally from Smackover, AR, home of Clyde "the Smackover Kid" Scott, Jonathan "Pookie" Modica, and about 2,000 other Buckaroos with a flair for colorful nicknames. Remember the bad times with him on Twitter, @thebholloway.


text:
Teenager Driving Classes/Programs Richmond, VA
We are New Kent and Richmond, VA's Most affordable, trusted, and safest driving school!
As one of the oldest and most experienced driving schools in the Richmond, VA area, teenagers are in good hands at our school. Whether you are the parent of a teenager or a teenager yourself you can feel confident with our driving school, which is fully licensed as required by state law.
Our instructors provide instruction to hundreds of students each year, and over 96% of our students pass their road test on the first try. We value creating an informative, safe, courteous, patient, clean, and communicative environment that fosters the maximum amount of learning each session.
Please also review our free instructional materials for basic to advanced information on driving and preparations for the knowledge and road test exam. Our goal is to help new teenage drivers become safe, confident drivers. Our students are equipped with the knowledge and experience required to be collision-free and ticket-free in their driving.
As required by VA state law, teenagers must provide proof of a driving permit at their first lesson. Without the driving permit the driving lessons cannot begin.
A parent's or guardian's signature is required on our forms to begin lessons.
See our pricing or contact us to schedule a lesson today!
Aadvanced Driving Schools Richmond VA Real Customer Testimonials
Kevin was awesome, he had patients with my daughter, an she liked him because he was calm an explained things an took time to teach. if you have a teenager or adult that needs driving school, you go with Kevin!
I have experienced a lot of the driving schools in the Richmond, VA Metro area. I can honestly say that Kevin is one of the most caring and dedicated teachers in the area. Kevin genuinely wants his students to emerge with the skills that will enable them to do well on the road. He goes above and beyond to teach new drivers. I am forever grateful to Aadvanced Driving School for getting me my license quickly without sacrificing quality in my lessons. This is a great school and I hope many more people allow Kevin to help them like he helped me. Aadvanced Driving School is a great place for new drivers to learn. I was very happy with my lessons. Thanks Kevin!!!
Thank you Kevin for taking the time to work with me so I could prepare to pass my learners exam! I recommend Kevin to anyone that needs to get their learners or license he is a really great person and very understanding he will make sure you know everything you need to so you can pass your tests! Make AAdvance Driving School Richmond, VA your school of choice!
The best price in Richmond….The fastest class enrollment…..the most down to earth and friendly-family comprised staff…Thank you Maureen and Kevin
Thank you Kevin. He was so professional and understanding. My son has so much respect for him. I recommend this Richmond driving school to anyone who is interested or have a teenager who wants to drive.
My schedule is extremely hectic, and so I have to use every second wisely. I chose Aadvanced Driving School because they have locations in both New Kent (where I live) and Richmond (a quick 30-minute drive). I was expecting them to have strict hours for driver's ed, like most other driving schools. However, they worked around my schedule and when it was convenient for me. Kevin and Maureen were fun and comfortable to be around and created a safe atmosphere for me. My parents both work, which made it practically impossible to go to any other driving school, yet Kevin (the driving instructor) took the time to drive me back to my house. I expected the process to be impersonal and frightening, however that preconception could not be further from the truth!
Since 2011, Kevan Chisenhall and the staff at Aadvanced Driving School have worked with our LIFE students (aged 14-18) at the Virginia Rehabilitation Center for the Blind and Vision Impaired. Our students receive exactly what they need from Kevan, personalized one-on-one attention covering an overview of skills their sighted counterparts receive in traditional driver's education classes; which often blind high school students are not participating in. Aadvanced Driving School has enabled us at the VRCBVI to execute a program that is helping to change what it means to be blind in Richmond and the state of Virginia, thank you.