text:
Super NES Programming/DMA tutorial
What is DMA, and why do we need it[edit | edit source]
One of the main limitations of the Super NES (apart from the slow memory access times) is the main processor. As already stated in the text on the memory mapping page, this was mainly due to the fact that the CPU was supposed to be backward compatible, meaning that in the beginning the SNES was supposed to execute NES ROMs as well as SNES ROMs. For this, the CPU featured a so-called emulation mode.
The processor in the original Nintendo Entertainment System was a Ricoh 2A03 (NTSC) or Ricoh 2A07 (PAL), which was actually a toned-down 6502. It lacked the binary-coded-decimal number support (which, for a time, was used for floating-point numbers until the IEEE754 specification was published) of the 6502, but was otherwise compatible to the processor. The Super Nintendo Entertainment System was running on a Ricoh 5A22, basically an enhanced version of the 65816. This CPU featured the already mentioned emulation mode, which would be able to execute games the same way the NES did. Also, the SNES used the same methods of addressing more memory than the native register size of the CPU (16 bit) suggested by basically using the same methods as with the older NES (bank switching). Note that these methods can be used also with running in emulation mode. Both the 2A03 and the 5A22 had very similar clock speeds:
|Clock speed for NTSC version
|Clock speed for PAL version
|1.79 MHz
|1.77 MHz
|2048 Bytes (2 KB)
|3.58 MHz
|3.55 MHz
|131072 Bytes (128 KB)
Note that the PAL versions always tend to be a tiny bit slower, as NTSC renders 60 (interleaved half-)frames per second, while PAL only renders 50.
The reason why this page until now covered more about the CPU specifications than about direct access memory - which it will do very soon - is to illustrate the small CPU advantage the SNES had compared to the NES. The SNES had 64 times more memory than the NES, but only 2.5 times more CPU power.
One problem that can slow down a CPU significantly (even in today's age) is copying information (bytes) from device A to device B. The CPU is considered to be always faster than the memory it stores the current state in, and waiting for the memory controller to fetch/set the designated byte range can waste several clocks in which - if the CPU is not out-of-order superscalar - totally blocks the execution of the current program (that is, the game's ROM). Needless to say that the several Ricohs were never meant to be that particular sort of CPU.
Direct memory access is a method whereby memory is dynamically copied to another location independently of the CPU. In any modern computer, DMA is an essential requirement. Relating to the SNES, DMA can be used to quickly copy tile and palette data to the video RAM (also called VRAM), which would otherwise be copied by the slow CPU. Knowledge of DMA is a requirement for creating larger SNES programs, so this tutorial will cover just that.
DMA is used for copying graphics data, such as 8x8 tiles and tile maps, to the VRAM, and palette data to the CGRAM. These locations can only be accessed by reading or writing to certain hardware registers repeatedly (for more information see the memory mapping and the hardware registers page).
DMA in detail[edit | edit source]
To understand the way DMA works, we will take a short look into how the SNES handles its memory.
The console basically has three buses which are connected with several devices within it. These three buses are:
- Bus A: a 24-bit-wide address bus, which handles the communication between the CPU, the cartridge (ROM + SRAM), and the main memory (WRAM) - this is the main bus.
- Bus B: an 8-bit-wide address bus, which may be used via special addresses in the main bus' address space (hardware registers) and which connects the APU (audio) and the PPUs (video) with it.
- an 8-bit-wide data bus, which is controlled by both address buses for sending the data to various locations. This bus is blocked for the CPU whenever you issue one or more DMA processes.
Note that the data bus is really just one byte wide, while the CPU is supplied with various 16-bit registers. That means that one 16-bit register can never be written or read in one bus' cycle clock, but only in two.
The CPU of the SNES contains a DMA controller which supports 8 DMA channels in total. This means that 8 processes of copying chunks from one device to another may be set up and started simultaneously. Each channel can be specifically configured to behave in a certain manner. The channels execute their program, while being the first channel (index 0) with the highest and the eighth channel (index 7) with the lowest priority.
DMA controllers in common PCs can be configured to perform the task they are assigned to in a specific way, which is also called "mode". Also, PC DMA controllers can be used for various other devices, like for all devices connected to the system bus (ISA, PCI, AGP, PCIe).
The SNES supports only one mode, "burst", which basically means that the CPU will halt completely as long as there is at least one DMA process which is not finished yet. The reason for this is that for the transfer both the CPU and the DMA controller use the system bus to communicate with the other devices, but only one device (the master device) can use the system bus at the same time – either the CPU or the controller (more modern controllers offer the opportunity to transfer tiny chunks of data and then give the control of the system bus back to the CPU, immediately requesting the system bus again, so that the CPU may finish its pending operations and then return control of the bus to the controller – or not, if the CPU has to perform lots of memory accesses). Also, the SNES controller can only communicate with either the APU or the PPUs.
The registers of the controller are exposed through the hardware registers from $4200 to $4400 in the system banks $00 – $3F and $80 – $BF. There is a main register which upon writing into will start all DMA transfers it was set to start. Successive registers will contain information for each channel on what the channel is supposed to do, when activated.
HDMA[edit | edit source]
While the normal DMA controller can copy the data it was programmed to only in "burst" mode, and this up to 64 KB (one entire bank), the SNES features another method to copy chunks to various devices, which is a little bit like PC DMA controllers work. This kind of DMA is called HDMA (Horizontal Direct Memory Access) and is executed only during H-blank (that is the time it takes for the beam laser to reset to the original position after drawing a line). Since this time span is very very small, only 1 to 4 bytes can be transfered during one H-blank.
DMA registers[edit | edit source]
Note: x is the index of the channel (indexed by 0 to 7). So basically, 16 bytes of address space are reserved for each channel.
|The main DMA register. When writing a byte into it, the controller will activate the channels according to the bitmask of the byte. For example 73 (0100 1001) will activate channel 6, 3 and 0.
|Specifies HOW the channel is supposed to perform the transfer, again using a bitmask (see below for more information).
|DMA channel x destination($21xx)
|DMA channel x source address offset(low)
|DMA channel x source address offset(high)
|DMA channel x source address bank
|DMA channel x transfer size(low)
|DMA channel x transfer size(high)
NOTE: This tutorial is incomplete and untested.
NOTE: A DMA channel's transfer size, when set to #$0000, is read as a transfer of 65536 bytes, not 0 bytes.
some code[edit | edit source]
Loading Palettes[edit | edit source]
Here is a macro for loading a palette data into the CGRAM(the place where palettes are stored):
;macro for loading palette data into the CGRAM
;only use if SIZE is less than 256 bytes
;syntax SetPalette LABEL CGRAM_ADDRESS SIZE
.macro SetPalette
rep #$20 ; 16bit A
lda #\3
sta $4305 ; # of bytes to be copied
lda #\1 ; offset of data into 4302, 4303
sta $4302
sep #$20 ; 8bit A
lda #:\1 ; bank address of data in memory(ROM)
sta $4304
lda #\2
sta $2121 ; address of CGRAM to start copying graphics to
stz $4300 ; 0= 1 byte increment (not a word!)
lda #$22
sta $4301 ; destination 21xx this is 2122 (CGRAM Gate)
lda #$01 ; turn on bit 1 (corresponds to channel 0) of DMA channel reg.
sta $420b ; to enable transfer
Loading VRAM[edit | edit source]
Here is a macro for loading a data into the VRAM(the place where tiles and tile maps are stored):
;macro for loading graphics data into the VRAM
;only use if SIZE is less than 256 bytes
;syntax LoadVRAM LABEL VRAM_ADDRESS SIZE
.macro LoadVRAM
pha ; save the current accumulator, Y index and status registers for the time the function is executed.
rep #$20 ; set the accumulator (A) register into 16 bit mode
sep #$10 ; set the index (X and Y) register into 8 bit mode
ldy #$80 ; we will try to write 128 ($80) bytes in one row ...
sty $2115 ; ... and we will let the PPU let this know.
lda #\2 ; the controller will get the hardware register ($2118) as location to where to write the data.
sta $2116 ; but we still need to specify WHERE in VRAM we want to write the data - what we are doing right now.
lda #\3 ; number of bytes to be sent from the controller.
sta $4305
sep #$20 ; set the accumulator (A) register into 8 bit mode
lda #\1 ; from where the data is supposed to be loaded from
sta $4302
ldy #:\1 ; from which bank the data is supposed to be loaded from
sty $4304
ldy #$01 ; set the mode on how the channel is supposed to do it's work. 1= word increment
sty $4300
ldy #$18 ; remember that I wrote "the controller will get the hardware register"? This is it. 2118 is the VRAM gate.
sty $4301
ldy #$01 ; turn on bit 1 (channel 0) of DMA - that is, start rollin'
sty $420b
plp ; Restore the state of all registers before leaving the function.
External Links[edit | edit source]
- Information on the NES's CPU
- The base processor the 2A03 was built from
- The (in)famous IEEE754 specification
- Informations on the SNES's CPU
- The base processor the 5A22 was built from
- The Von Neumann bottleneck, explained
- What out-of-order execution means and why it is a good thing ... sometimes
- How the CPU tries to execute one instruction for several parameters


text:
Ornamental Wrought Iron Fences
Two Rail Ornamental Iron Fences are among the oldest known type of fencing and offer classic style and beauty. The durability is outstanding. Throughout history ornamental iron fences have been built providing security and functionality with some examples still standing after centuries.
Ornamental iron fences can be used in various applications including residential and commercial. Both applications can incorporate a variety of styles and looks for your ornamental iron fence.
There are many advantages to ornamental iron fences. Some styles incorporate finials that are pointed and inhibit attempts to climb the fence adding to security. Another feature of ornamental iron fences is the great strength of ornamental iron making it not only secure but very durable and long-lasting.
A two-rail ornamental iron fence provides excellent sight lines through the fence maintaining security. The two rails refer to the number of horizontal bars — or rails — used in the fence.
Because they are durable, an ornamental iron fence will add curb appeal to your home or business for many years to come.The decorative, black lines of the fence provide a nice contrast to landscaping or a pool. They provide a relatively maintenance free fence, with new alloys avoiding rust and extending the time between painting.
Ornamental iron fences are great for any type of property, from apartment complexes to private homes to commercial space. They enhance the beauty, security and privacy of your home, close off a pool area from young children, keep your pets safe and clearly define your property line.
Ornamental iron fences are environmentally friendly and iron is recyclable. There is also little concern about weather damage as the fencing is among the strongest fence options. Two-rail ornamental iron fences provide perimeter protection and excellent security.
They are pleasing to the eye and can be customized in a variety of ways.
Midwest Fence provides a variety of options for 2 rail and 3 rail ornamental iron fences. Call 651-451-2222 for more information or to receive a free estimate.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
LKE3 200/2002: How to bluff your way in "Abitur" Tips, courtesy of W.E.P. EDITION 2002
Above all, keep your cool! DON'T PANIC! (= motto of The
Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy) Well, you won't, will you?
of the utmost importance that you read through the whole
COMPREHENSION PIECE (= Textaufgabe) , including the (usually) seven questions on
the text and the TRANSLATION before you start dealing with either one of
them. The COMPOSITION (= Essay) will, hopefully, be the easiest part of the
"Abitur" test and it should be no problem for you to decide which of the (usually)
three topics appeals to you most.
important is the fact that you realize how many points each section is worth
and, in particular, how manypoints each question on
the text is worth. The number of points a
question is worth also tells you how much you are expected to write. Obviously,
a question that is worth 20 points is twice as "weighty" as a question that
is worth 10 points and should also be answered
by using about twice as many words. The exact number of words is left up
to you.
big "if", you feel up to it, it would be a good idea to start with the
TRANSLATION. You have 240 minutes, all in all, and you should allow yourself a
MAXIMUM of 60 minutes (with 5 – 10 minutes
to spare) for the TRANSLATION. Once you have got the TRANSLATION out of the way,
you should tackle the TEXTAUFGABE. Try to do this section in about 100 minutes (with
10 minutes to spare). Then tackle the essay and don't write more words than is
required ("Write about 150 – 200 words.") So it would be unwise to write
more than 220/230 words as you won't get any extra credit for mere (or "sheer")
points [≈ 200 English
words; yes, W.E.P.'s translations were a damn sight longer! ]
Use your DCE/ALD wisely, that is to say make sure you
have found the correct entry – which very often does NOT happen to be the
first one !!! - and try to figure
out the meaning of a word you don't know by reading both the definition and
(hopefully) the example that follows that definition. Do not lose
any time by thumbing around too much. You should have
"prepared" you dictionary by marking clearly the letters of the alphabet for
quick and easy reference. Make absolutely sure that you don't leave out a word
– or worse still, heaven forbid, - a whole sentence!!! To avoid this you
should tick off on your "Angabe" every English word that you have translated
into German when you have finished your translation.
doesn't really matter all that much if you get a word wrong here and there,
but leaving out words by mistake is something you should avoid at all cost(s).
And now for the "worst case scenario": You leave the TRANSLATION until the end and are so hard pressed for time that you
can't finish it. Well, that would really spell disaster. THIS SIMPLY MUST NOT
HAPPEN! So my advice is: first do the TRANSLATION (≈ 60 minutes, see above),
then tackle the rest of the test. OK!?
It's absolutely essential (see
above) that you read
through the whole text first and then through the questions ON the
text.Take a pencil to
mark things while you read through the text the first time in one go.
Very often something that you don't understand right away becomes clear to you
the further you get in the text. In case there are unknown words in the text,
try to find out if this word is/these words are important for the overall
understanding of the text. Don't lose any time over looking up words that
don't matter in the end.
the "Questions on
the text" it says: Read all the questions first, then answer them in the
given order. Use your own
words as far as is appropriate.
And this is exactly what you should do. You should use your own words as far
as is appropriate. This means that you should rephrase in your own words the
"Klausur" text. You can quote from the text,but you must mark your
quotations. Sometimes, you are even expected
to quote from the text ["Give evidence for your findings"/"Give
evidence from the text"/"What (psychological etc.) explanations are given in
the text?" etc.] Make sure you quote correctly, e.g.: (l. 7) = something in
line 7, (l. 19 f) = something in line 19 and the following lines, (ll. 30/31) =something
in lines 30 and 31, (ll. 23 – 26) =
something in lines 23 to 26. Don't forget, in English the quotation marks are
always raised.
5 or 6 differently coloured pencils (or "highlighters") and mark those
passages that you think contain the answer(s) to the respective [=
jeweilig/entsprechend] questions on
the text. Very often the last question on
the text is more general in nature and often contains a reference to
style: "Give two examples of metaphorical language and explain their function"/"Show
that the writer uses a variety of means to make his [What if the writer happens
to be a woman!?] text interesting and convincing?"/ "Show three different
ways in which the writer tries to arouse the reader's interest in his topic."
/"Find three different stylistic devices and explain their function."[For
this section, see your little booklet "How to bluff your way in LITERATURE,
LANGUAGE, STYLE", distributed in K12.] In
a fictional text you can also expect aquestion that refers to the "narrative
perspective" and in both fictional and non-fictional texts a question that
refers to tone/humour/irony
you are lucky, the question on
the text even tells you exactly where to look for the answer, giving the exact
lines. In other cases, the first question refers to the first paragraph or
opening argument of the text, the second question to the second or third
paragraph and so on, but you cannot rely on this somewhat simple principle. The
most important thing is to understand the question. If you
misunderstand it, you won't get any points for content, which means no points
at all!As regards the length of your answers, that's up to you. Keep your
answers short AND TO THE POINT. Remember, "brevity is the soul of wit".
Avoid repetitions and, above all, all your answers must refer to the information given in the text. Anything that you include in
your answers that is not contained in the text will not count. Above
all, avoid any
comment(s) or judgement.
Whether you agree or disagree with the views or opinions put forward in the text
or expressed by the author is "not at issue here". Your personal opinion
should be reserved for the COMPOSITION.
COMPOSITION: 40 points [(4/6) x 4]
should be the easiest part of the test! Make sure your essay is well-structured.
There should be a short introduction that tells the reader what you are
going to write about [= "introductory statement"]. You can even
repeat the topic itself:"Nowadays the question of (whether or not
…should …)./the issue of ….is being hotly discussed/is on
everybody's mind"/"Hardly a day passes on which one doesn't read
something about …"/ etc.
"Abitur" essay topics are of the "discuss-the-pros and-cons" kind or of
the "first-second-third-alternative" kind, which gives you the structure of
your essay. This is the central part of your essay and this is where you can
work in some of the "hot-air" material I have given you. Things like "on
the one hand, …", (but)"on the other hand, .."/"that is not to say"/"it
would hardly be an exaggeration to say" etc., etc. There are really enough
very useful expressions in the materialI distributed. Please make sure your
"concluding" statement" is introduced idiomatically: e.g. "in conclusion,
"/"suffice it to say, …"/"all things considered,…" ≈
"taking everything into account, …" etc., etc.
Keep your sentences simple, avoid long sentences with several subclauses. There
is nothing wrong with repeating a
word to make the context clear. Steer clear of (≈ avoid) tricky
participial constructions.
b) IF
you use a conditional clause, make sure you know how these clauses work. No
"would" after "if". "If I were you, I
would do something." [If you blow too hard, the balloon will burst./If
you blew too hard the balloon would burst./If you
had blown too hard, the balloon would have burst.]
Even more importantly, make absolutely sure that you stay consistent in the
use of tenses. Stick to ONE tense
throughout! Don't switch, e.g., between present and past. [You
shouldn't do this in German either!]
Commas: "When in doubt, leave it/them out!" No comma before "that" [meaning
"dass"]. However, in theTRANSLATION
into German you should make sure NOT to forget the commas.
Spelling: Anyone who still doesn't know how to spell "to lose" [= verb]
and "loose" [= adjective: locker, lose, wacklig],
"life" [= noun, plural:
lives] ↔
"to live"/"to be alive"/ "this problem" [singular] and
"these problems" [plural] should
"have his (or her) head examined"!
Ah, yes, there's one more of your "favourites": beeing (sic[k])
= "bienend" !!!! Make sure that
in the TRANSLATION into German you distinguish clearly between "dass" [formerly
= "daß"] and "das". E.g.: "Ich hoffe, dass das Englisch Abitur
ein Erfolg wird."
I'll keep my fingers crossed for you, W.E.P.
TESTING TIME (pun!)
ALD: to
test (verb): four meanings, here meaning #4 [see also special
entry "testing"]
DCE: to test (verb). Six meanings, here meaning #5 [see also special entry "testing"]


text:
Well I finished books in August so much better than June and July, I'm finally settled into my new helping out role with my family and I'm back on my game a bit.
My first pick for the month is a great book about a girl whose mother has died and she is sent to live with her aunts, and about the the changes in her life that happen as she lives there.
A Home for Goddesses and Dogs
Amazon: A Home for Goddesses and Dogs
The next book I've been meaning to read since it came out since it has literally gotten nothing but good press plus I'm a one of the author's followers on Twitter.
A great tale of people of the Asian diaspora and from what I'm told awesome battle sequences and food.
All Are Welcome
I like to try to read at least one picture book a month and this one is a book I've wanting to read for awhile.
A wonderful book about a school that focuses on diversity and inclusion. It's a school where no matter what young children have a place where they are loved and appreciated.
The book follows a group of children through their day at this school where everyone is welcomed with open arms and students from all backgrounds celebrate and learn from each others traditions. Discover the a world as we might hope it can be.
The Dragon Egg Princess
I've had the The Dragon Egg Princess on my TBR for months, I don't know why, I really like the world and the story so I resolve to finish it up this month. It's a great fantasty by founder of the We Need Diverse Books Movement, Ellen Oh.
Amazon: The Dragon Egg Princess
Photo by Estée Janssens on Unsplash


text:
Subscribe Now: 1 Full Year of DLR For Only $9.97!
Get full access to the DLR Crowd Calendar, Lines Mobile App, Touring Plans and More!
"Our TouringPlans subscription was a lifesaver on our trip. One of the busiest days of the year, and we never waited longer than 20 minutes!"
- Smith Family, KY
The information below is provided for historical reference.
Description And Comments
Staged at the Tomorrowland Terrace Theater, Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple recruits 30 young volunteers and trains them to fight with a lightsaber (an elegant, if plastic, weapon). The training consists of practicing a surprisingly long set of fencing-style moves while the audience gets to enjoy the minimal comprehension by some of the youngest Jedis. Just when the training ends, Darth Vader and the Seventh Sister (a sinister Inquisitor character from the Star Wars Rebels cartoon, voiced by Buffy the Vampire Slayer's Sarah Michelle Gellar) arrive, and the young recruits meet them in "battle," with each Jedi getting his or her turn to take a whack at a Darth. The show ends with a Jedi apprentice facing off against Kylo Ren from The Force Awakens.
Touring Tips
There are two prime viewing locations: standing room on the show floor underneath the overhang, and seating at the Tomorrowland Terrace restaurant. Only 10–20 tables have decent views of the show, so make sure to stake them out early. Otherwise, there is plenty of standing room space around the sides of the stage.
Disneyland now requires you to register your child in advance if he or she wants to participate in Jedi Training. Sign-up is at the entrance to Star Wars Launch Bay and begins at the park's official opening time, though guests begin lining up as soon as early entry begins. Arrive as early as possible if your Padawan wants to test his or her midi-chlorians because all spots typically fill up in well under an hour.


text:
We Walk Like We Rule the World
I have always loved walking. Back in college, I never took a jeepney to go from one class to another even though the next building was on the other side of the UP Diliman campus. If I could walk, I would. There's just something in walking that is therapeutic. It's my way of reflecting on my life, planning my day, and squeezing all my creative juices out. Never mind if it takes too much time and effort. It was never tiring.
But one night in February last year, almost 14 months ago, I was walking to the train station from work when I did something I had never done before while walking alone — I smiled. Out of the blue. I smiled. There was an image in my head that triggered it. It was a vision. It was the future.
That night, I met up with you. You were waiting for me somewhere.
We've had an incredible life since that night. We traveled together. We've had adventures. Sometimes, misadventures. But you changed how I walked from one point to another. What used to be a mundane activity for me became a blissful one.
Sure, it was nice to walk alone. But it is a lot better doing it with you. It makes things brighter, easier, more fun. Never mind that we were lost in the forest of Guimaras. Never mind that we were stranded at a port for hours in an unfamiliar island. Never mind that we could not find our way through the bustling streets of an alien city in the South. Never mind the scorching heat. Never mind the pollution. Never mind the time. It's as if every minute we spend getting lost is a minute well-spent.
We never hold hands while walking but there was comfort in knowing I'm with someone, knowing I'm with you. There's excitement in my hand brushing against yours discreetly. There's beauty in you getting confused along the way, getting afraid or too shy to ask for directions, tripping on your toe unexpectedly, wiping sweat off your forehead. There's beauty in you doing anything. Heck, I'm blown away just by looking at you standing there, doing nothing at all. There's happiness in knowing you're mine and you're walking with me. Just me.
Even when we're staying at one place, we feel like we're exploring something beautiful. We discover things both delightful and disappointing but always important to be discovered. The key is to accept all things we discover, put them in our pockets and move on. Continue walking. Never quitting.
I am happy. I have never been happier. Nobody could be happier than we are.
I pictured this before. I had a vision of it almost 14 months ago. One night in February, while I was walking to the MRT station on the way to meet you for dinner, an image of this life popped in my head. This image made me do something I'd never done while walking alone before — I smiled. Without you knowing it, happiness started right then, right there.
I have been smiling since.


text:
- Shop Now
- >
- Everyday Gifts
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- Candles and Personal Care
- >
- Whiskey River Soap Company
- >
- Whiskey River Soap - Hipsters Candle
Whiskey River Soap - Hipsters Candle
per item
Smells just like your beard.
Ah, hipsters. An almost completely passé concept at this point. But if we made a normcore soap, would it have to dress like Jerry Seinfeld? We swore off mom jeans back in the 80s. Our Candle for Hipsters is not for the hipster poser, btw. The rich scents of coffee, bacon and craft beer will waft from the lit soy candle and make you ... well, hungry is our guess.
Sold out


text:
Editorial Magazine 2017/3
Interall reveals date and place of the
11th Aluminium Two Thousand World Congress
If someone asked me if in one, ten or thirty years from now, aluminium technologies (extrusion and surface treatments) will be the same as today, I would answer that in one year probably yes, but in ten years certainly not.
We are therefore at a technological turn, even though any change, also in the industrial world, happens gradually.
However it is also true that everything transforms faster now than in the past: just think that man rode horses for thousands of years and then in only a hundred years he passed from the bicycle to the airplane.
There is nothing to be surprised about, nor should we think that we are witnessing science fiction when we read the papers that will be presented at the 11th Aluminium World Congress in Treviso/Venice in 2019. These are a few of the programmed papers: Integrated extrusion plant with automatic warehouse, Die cleaning and complete caustic soda recovery, all automatic, Production of aluminium objects with 3D printers, Fast anodizing with better quality, Continuous anodizing for aluminium profiles, Aluminium etching with 90% caustic soda consumption and sludge reduction, Innovating colouring and special effects, Aluminium super-sealing for alkali resistance, Waste water treatment plants with zero discharge without the use of evaporators....and may other novelties: the list would be a long one.
The suggestion is therefore to be watchful and ready to evaluate changes before our competitors do and most importantly before it is too late.
Once upon a time, there was a famous company, a giant in its field, which produced billions of camera films, but it did not realize that photography was becoming digital…
Truly yours,
Walter Dalla Barba,
Editor and Chairman of the 11th Aluminium Two Thousand Congress, Treviso 2019
All together to get to know the future at the next World Congress
"If we consider our and efforts, it will immediately be obvious that all our actions and desires are bound to the existence of other people and that, owing to our very nature, we resemble animals that live in communities.
We eat foods produced by other people, we wear clothes made by somebody else, we live in houses built by others.
Most of what we know and believe in has been taught to us by some other person using a language created by others.
Without this language our reasoning faculties would be very poor and similar to those of the higher animals. Let's confess the truth, our priority over the animals firstly lies in our way of living in society. The thoughts and sentiments of an individual left alone from birth would remain similar to those of animals to an extent that would be very difficult to imagine.
I think it would be very interesting to know the opinion a man who has dedicated his entire life to perfecting and throwing light on principles, has about his science."
A. Einstein
Even Albert Einstein invites you to gather at the next Aluminium Two Thousand Congress in Treviso/Venice in 2019.
You can book as a speaker or you can book as a delegate, but book now and get the advantages of early registration.
For information on the 11th Aluminium World Congress Aluminium Two Thousand 2019, organized in collaboration with the department of extrusion and foundry of the University of Bologna,


text:
There are hundreds of opportunities for you to serve in short term missions, especially as a healthcare professional. Our goal is to help you find the best fit and the best opportunity for your skills and interests. In order to do this, we created the largest directory of healthcare missions organizations in the world to feature their opportunities and how they engage the world. Explore the opportunities, organizations, and resources that will help you find that perfect match.
Explore the list of short term trips below - automatically aggregated from our member organizations.
Part of the challenge in finding a short term trip is finding the organization you feel best fits your personal interests and skills. Thankfully we have built a robust directory of these organizations to help you find that best connection. Here are a few quick tips:
We're convinced you will find an organization that matches your interest. Once you have, contact them to learn more.


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How to get Freelance Audio Work Online
There is a lot of freelance audio work to be had online if you know where to look. Audio Engineers and Audio professionals often overlook these great opportunities because they aren't full time or in studio positions. These sites offer you a way to either take some work to fill the gaps or work freelance audio entirely!
Elance is not a new site but many skilled audio professionals are unaware of it. Elance let's you create a profile, add you skills, take "tests" and bid on projects. If you are willing to be flexible with your price, you can find work from all around the world that you can do from home.
This is a site where people with a certain need will post their odd jobs or full projects that need completed. How much they are willing to pay and a brief description of your needs. The more work you complete and higher ranking you get the more visible and trusted you are on elance.
Membership is free and you can "apply" for 40 jobs a month for free. You can however boost your presence and "Contacts" by paying a little more a month. The standard small business program starts at $30 a month.
Thumbtack is very similar to Elance. It is free to join, however you have to pay to bid on jobs. This is a great way to advertise. It's also a great place to FIND someone that has a skill you do not. If you excel at mixing but not mastering, you can find the best offer on thumbtack and subcontract an individual yourself.
Ah Craigslist! Craigslist is often seen as a dead end, but most people are looking for full time jobs and are often in the wrong category. Most people looking for freelancers will post in the "Gigs" section. Also remember that someone looking for a service may not know exactly where to post, so check out the "Creative" and "Talent" and post an ad on the "Services" section.
Of course you can post and contact people for free on Craigslist.
So give these unconventional methods a try, may be very surprised!


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LifeBEAM's technology has always been used in the most demanding situations — if you're a pilot, astronaut or member of the Special Forces, you probably know LifeBEAM's tech very well.
LifeBEAM is now creating a new category in the wearable tech industry with its "disruption bio-sensing technology" to bring its next-level technology to the mainstream market. The Ray, LifeBEAM's B2B platform, helps power some of the biggest players in the wearables market while also providing highly accurate pulse and activity data. This tech lets manufacturers add bio-sensing tech to just about any wearable product imaginable — including smartwatches, headsets, glasses and more. LifeBEAM's tech turns new products into standards in the wearable arena. LifeBEAM's platform supports ANT+ and Bluetooth 4.0.
What's next for LifeBEAM? The company already can already track heart rate and distance, but is aiming to expand to other areas in the near future.
To learn more about LifeBEAM, visit its site today.


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The Paul Reveres are back! Thanks for being so patient during the break! I got a lot done for my SPX book during my time off.
So, welcome to Issue 8. Hey, at least this wasn't the end of Issue 7. See you next week!
Woot, time for some action!
Yay, I'm so glad you're back! We've missed Paul.
Really love the lighting and shadows on this page!
I love that he's wearing Willie's bandana. Paul is really going to a dark place. He's going all Joy Division on us. It's frigging GREAT!
WOOT WELCOME BACK! Sorry I'm late to the welcoming back party, but I haven't checked my webcomics in a while, I've been busy. I saw your Facebook post and celebrated, then didn't get around to looking til just now. Lookin' good!
Hey, thanks for checking back! :)


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We designed this IC-315-XTF intercooler to rival our Standard IC-325 in performance but offer added weight savings and most importantly added cooling ability of the other heat exchangers by increasing the airflow across the core.
We have found that the thickness of this core (just aobout 3.15″) is as a perfect size to maintain the coolest charge air temps and allow the most air across the core. This intercooler comes much closer to our goal having as much intercooler as possible and yet still maintain the coolest engine temps. Shown on the left is the "NEW" IC-315-XTF. Our standard IC-325 is shown on the right.
This size of core is ideal for this and is large enough for to handle 750hp (approx 9.80s in the 1/4). Any car running faster than this should consider our IC-475XTF or even IC-475-4XTF that literally dwarfs any other intercooler on the market today.
how good does this perform you ask? Well the CAT (Charge Air Temps) of this intercooler come to within 5 deg of the standard IC-325 but weighs only 33# in comparison to the 41# of the IC-325. But here is the key. Because of the increased airflow across the core of the new IC-315-XTF you actually get cooler CATs with back to back runs. This core flows a wopping 53% more air across the core. This translates to much more airflow going across not only the intercooler core but also the A/C condensor core and the radiator. This leads to much cooler temps that rival stock location intercoolers. Our Tests have shown as much as a 20 deg temp difference over our previous designed intercooler. For all out racing the IC-325 and IC-475 can not be beat but for a street driven vehicle there really is not choice. this thing is amazing.
- Core style: high efficiency max flow Tube and fin
- Core size: proprietary. (Call us for dims)
- End Tank Material: dye cast aluminum
- Pipe Material: mandrel bent 3″ aluminum pipe


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RISK: Living on the Edge
Risk-taker Michael E. Tennenbaum has contributed mightily to American financial institutions, business, and society. A financier, adventurer, and philanthropist, in his debut book, RISK: Living on the Edge, he delivers intriguing insider details on how "impossible" deals are completed, along with an inspiring guide to applying risk-taking successfully to your business and personal life. Learn more…
"This is for sure an exciting, interesting, and important book to read. It traces the unusually rich lifetime experiences of Michael Tennenbaum. This life of his that stands as such a towering positive example of what one good person can accomplish in this life. This special book presents an outstanding learning experience for all of us."John H. McArthurDean Emeritus, Harvard Business School
"You will have so much fun and learn so much about how creative finance and securities markets really work in this candid, action-packed book that you will wish it were much longer."Charles "Charley" D. EllisFounder of Greenwich Associates, former Yale University investment committee chair, director of The Vanguard Group, and author of Winning the Loser's Game
"Innovators see opportunity in doing things differently. But to be successful, they have to understand risk. Michael Tennenbaum's Risk is chock full of examples of new ways to look at the world. It's a helpful reminder that the key to living on the edge is about asking the right question ns and forcing yourself out of your comfort zone."Steve CaseChairman, The Case Foundation; co-founder, AOL; and author of The Third Wave, a #1 New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller
"If you don't live on the edge, you are using up too much space. Michael Tennenbaum is the epitome of this approach and shows us all how to live a full, successfully productive life by always going to the edge."Franz WeberSix-time consecutive World Speed Skiing Champion
Available August 13, 2019
Pre-Order Now!


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New Castle County Police have released a surveillance photo of a burglary suspect and have asked the public for assistance in identifying the person.
(Newark, Del. – 19711) For the past two months, County Police have been investigating a string of burglaries in the community of Hunters Crossing Apartments. Detectives believe the suspect [photo attached] is responsible for 12 burglaries in that community in the past months, the most recent occurred on October, 21.
If you have any information pertaining to this investigation or can identify the suspect, please contact New Castle County Police at (302) 573-2800. Citizens can also submit a tip via our website at www.nccpd.com. Tipsters may also call Crime Stoppers at (800) TIP-3333 or visit us on Facebook at New Castle County Police Department. Citizens who currently have the smartphone application are encouraged to use the "submit tip" tab to submit tips. Select a topic by using the "drop down" and complete the tip by "clicking" submit. The New Castle County Police Smartphone Application is free to download and available for all iPhone and Android smartphones.
A reward of up to $20,000.00 is available to anyone who provides information leading to the arrest and/or conviction of those responsible for violent crimes investigated by this agency.


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Have you been arrested for a DWI or other criminal offense in Montgomery County, Texas? If so, you want experienced legal representation to help guide you through the process. An experienced DWI defense and criminal defense lawyer will not only guide you, but will aggressively and successfully advocate for your rights and defend you against the allegations made by the prosecution. Doug Murphy Law Firm represents clients in Montgomery County who have been charged with a DWI or other misdemeanor or felony charge. Doug Murphy has been successfully committed to criminal defense for several decades and has made his name known in the prosecutor's office as a tireless and successful defense lawyer who never quits. Contact Doug Murphy today, the sooner you do, the sooner he can start protecting your rights and developing your defense.
DWI Defense
Driving while intoxicated (DWI) in Montgomery County is a serious offense. Out of all counties in Texas with a population greater than or equal to 500,000, Montgomery County has consistently -- for the last five out of seven years -- surpassed all other counties with regard to the number of DWI fatalities experienced in the county. As such, there are higher rates of charges of intoxication assault and intoxication manslaughter in Montgomery County than there are in most other counties.
Because of these alarming statistics, Montgomery County law enforcement and the Montgomery County District Attorney are extremely aggressive in enforcing DWI laws. Montgomery County law enforcement officers receive specific DWI training from the Montgomery County district attorney's office. Accordingly, police are much more alert and aggressive about seeking DWI drivers in Montgomery County. Police will use utilize any legal justification for a traffic stop so that they can question you about drinking and driving, or being potentially under the influence of drugs while driving. Police will request you perform field sobriety tests, and request you to submit to either a breath test or blood test. If you refuse to voluntarily provide a breath or blood sample, DWI officers will most likely seek and obtain a search warrant to take a sample of your blood without your consent. This is the new reality.
If you are arrested for a DWI, whether it is your first time ,or you have prior DWI arrests, or whether you are arrested for a felony DWI, like DWI with a child passenger under 15, or a DWI associated with prescription drugs or illicit drugs, you need to retain a competent and skilled DWI lawyer with an extensive and successful trial record.
In Montgomery County, the system can be stacked against you. The police rush to judgment in their investigation. Many citizens on a jury inherently are inclined to trust the testimony of the police. Many otherwise law-abiding citizens who find themselves in the unfortunate position to be arrested for DWI are, therefore, also inclined to bargain for a plea deal, if possible, so that they can get the whole thing over with and start on with their lives again.
The problem is: your life will never be the same again if you are convicted of a DWI charge. You need an attorney like Doug Murphy who has spent his entire career committed to successfully defending DWI and criminal other criminal allegations. You need a lawyer like Doug Murphy who has not only the experience and expertise in fighting for your rights and your freedom, but who is also repeatedly able to convince and persuade juries where to find reasonable doubt against otherwise insurmountable evidence. Doug Murphy routinely demonstrates the know-how on strategic and winning defenses for his clients. Doug Murphy understands how jurors think, he knows how to introduce evidence, challenge the state's evidence, he knows how to frame legal arguments designed to neutralize and mitigate the prosecution, and how to demonstrate reasonable doubt. At Doug Murphy Law Firm, we are committed to a comprehensive an aggressive defense that defeats the State's case against you.
Criminal Defense
If you have been charged with a crime, whether by mistake or with reason, it is important to remember that you are not guilty--unless a jury finds you guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. You have the right to a jury trial. The prosecution has the burden to prove all the elements of the alleged crime beyond a reasonable doubt. If the state cannot prove any elements of the crime, a judge will instruct the jury that are required to find you not guilty as a matter of law. This is why it is so important to hire a criminal defense attorney who is experienced in the law and trying criminal cases before a jury.
A criminal charge often carries with it two contradictory objectives: (1) not to be convicted and sentenced; and (2) not to be judged by peers. Crimes like drug possession or prostitution are good examples of this dichotomy. For instance, if illicit drugs were found on your person, you will face a drug possession charge. You want to fight the charge because you do not want to end up in jail. Fighting the charge, however, may indicate you must go to trial, and that means you must confront a jury of your peers who likely already made a judgment about you due to the charge itself. Thus, going to trial means you already face an uphill battle, which brings you back to the point when you want to deal for a lesser charge rather than confront adversity.
But to sign-off on a plea deal is to commit yourself to a conviction -- even if it is a lesser crime -- and that means a sentence -- even if it is a lesser sentence. It also means a criminal record.
To fight the charge and go to trial means facing uncertainty, and that can be difficult, but for the guidance of an experienced, aggressive, strategic criminal defense attorney like Doug Murphy.
Collateral Consequences
There are serious collateral consequences to a DWI or criminal conviction, especially if it is a felony conviction. In addition to the standard incarceration, steep fines, and -- if it is a DWI offense -- suspension of driver's license, you also must endure consequences imposed by society, and these consequences often have reverberating effects on your life. A conviction means a criminal record, and for many convictions, like a DWI, you cannot have the record expunged, sealed, vacated, or otherwise removed. Any future background checks will likely reveal your criminal record, and that can materialize into a lot of frustrations for you and reduce your quality of life.
For instance, if you are convicted of a felony, your civil right to possess and use a firearm or to vote will be stripped from you. On the other hand, regardless if you are convicted of a felony or misdemeanor, future or current employers may choose not to hire or not to continue with your employment. A DWI conviction has a direct impact on a person who requires security clearance or special licensing, like a pilot, doctor, or nurse: a DWI or felony conviction could mean revocation, suspension or restrictions placed on the security clearance or the professional license. If you have academic aspirations, you may be denied financial aid or admissions. If you are looking to rent in a nice, safe location, your application could be turned away. If it was a DWI conviction, your insurance premiums will go up. If it was a violent crime or DWI conviction, you could face problems with child custody. And so on.
There's a lot that could happen to impact your life. The worst for some people, of course, is the impact a conviction has on their social or familial status. And in that sense alone, a criminal record matters long after the sentence has been successfully completed.
How to Fight a Criminal Charge
Fighting an allegation made against you is imperative if you are concerned about your and your family's future. It is in your better interest to fight a criminal charge. To do so, consider the following:
- Retain an Board Certified DWI lawyer. DWI cases are now some of the most complex and technical cases an attorney can handle because of the pseudo-science tactics employed by law enforcement. Fighting these phony tactics requires specific knowledge on fighting field sobriety exercises, breath tests, blood tests, accident reconstruction, and even DNA analysis in accident cases. One means to determine if your attorney has the appropriate qualification is to inquire if he or she is Board Certified by the National College for DUI Defense (NCDD), and the only accredited DWI certification by the American Bar Association. Doug Murphy is certified by the NCDD as a Board Certified Specialist in DUI Defense Law. Doug Murphy also serves on the Board of Regents for the NCDD, as well as serving on the faculty, which is further testimony to his DWI defense abilities.
- Retain an Board Certified criminal defense lawyer. Some attorneys practice in all areas of the law; they may represent a personal injury case one day, but then turn around and defend an assault suspect the next day. If you are truly interested in fighting your criminal charge, you want someone who has spent their entire career dedicated to criminal defense. You want a lawyer who specializes in criminal defense, knows how the State operates, and has insight into the court system and trial process. The Texas Board of Legal Specialization certifies attorneys in the state of Texas in the area criminal defense. The certification process is rigorous and includes steep qualifications and an oral and written exam. Doug Murphy is also Board Certified in criminal defense. In fact, Doug Murphy is one of only two attorneys in Texas to be board certified in both DWI and criminal defense.
- Do not immediately entertain the prosecution's offer to plea. There are attorneys who take cases with the primary intention to strike a deal with the prosecutor's office rather than prepare the case for trial. Prosecutors recognize plea lawyers when they walk in the courtroom. Lawyers who do not prepare the case for trial will never being able to find the issues that could end to a dismissal or provide a window of opportunity to prevail at trial. You need a lawyer who will work the case up extensively to know what your true options are before discussing or even considering a plea bargain offer. Before retaining a lawyer, make sure you know what his or her trial experience is so that you you can be assured whether your lawyer has the experience and credentials to know what legal issues to look for that could be the difference between a dismissal or not guilty verdict, versus a conviction.
The Court System of Montgomery County
The Court system of Montgomery County is pretty extensive. Unlike some counties in Texas whose populations are so small that there is one District Court to accommodate several counties, in Montgomery County, tthere are 7 District Courts alone. Of course, District Courts do not make up the entirety of the complex court system. There is a hierarchy to the court system, and your case will be assigned to one of these courts according to the charge, location of arrest, and/or who charged you -- whether it was the Sheriff's Department or local police. Below is a compilation of the courts in Montgomery County and their corresponding jurisdictions.
County Courts at Law in Montgomery County
Class A and Class B misdemeanors are heard by three of the five county courts at law in Montgomery County. These county courts at law also have appellate jurisdiction over Justice of the Peace and municipal court cases. Although there are five county court at laws in Montgomery County, only the three Montgomery County Courts handle misdemeanor criminal cases:
County Court at Law 1
Judge John C. Haffley
County Court at Law 4
Judge Echo Hutson
County Court at Law 5
Keith Stewart Mills
Montgomery County District Courts
Felony cases are heard in the seven district courts in Montgomery County. You can go to the Montgomery County District Court website to look up information on your case via the searchable court docket.
9th District Court
Montgomery County Courthouse
221st District Court
Montgomery County Courthouse
284th District Court
Montgomery County Courthouse
359th District Court
207 West Phillips Street
410th District Court
Montgomery County Courthouse
418th District Court
301 North Main, Suite 217
435th District Court
207 West Phillips, Suite 302
Drug Court in Montgomery County
Montgomery County, Texas, has several courts with specific functions, one of which is a court specific to substance abuse and DWI cases; it is more akin to a program to help rehabilitate persons convicted of drug crimes and/or DWI and who have substance abuse issues. You must meet certain qualifications in order to participate in this program.
Montgomery County Drug Court
207 West Phillips, Suite 302
Conroe, Texas 77301
(936) 538-8107
Montgomery County Jail, Probation & Police Stations
If you have been convicted of a DWI or other criminal offense, you may be sentenced to a county jail or state prison.
Montgomery County Jail
1 Criminal Justice Drive
Conroe, Texas 77301
(936) 760-5870
Montgomery County Adult Probation
2245 North 1st Street
Conroe, Texas 77301
(936) 538-8200
Conroe Police Stations
Police Department
2300 Plantation Drive
Conroe, Texas
(936) 522-3200
Map & Directions
Montgomery County Sheriff's Office
1 Criminal Justice Drive
Conroe, Texas 77301
(936) 760-5871
Map & Directions
Panorama Village Police Department
98 Hiwon Drive
Conroe, Texas 77304
(936) 856-7777
Map & Directions
Cut & Shoot Police Station
Cut and Shoot, Texas 77306
(936) 264-2173
Map & Directions
New Caney Police Stations
Montgomery County Sheriff Police Station
New Caney Texas 77357
(281) 577-8971
Map & Directions
Roman Forest Police Department
2430 Roman Forest Boulevard
New Caney, Texas 77357
(281) 399-8182
Map & Directions
Woodbranch Police Department
58 Woodbranch Drive
New Caney, Texas 77357
(281) 399-2034
Map & Directions
Magnolia Police Stations
Montgomery County Sheriff's Office
Sheriff's Department · Westwood Village
32878 FM 2978 Road
Magnolia, Texas 77354
(936) 760-5800
Map & Directions
Magnolia Police Department
18111 Buddy Riley Boulevard
Magnolia, Texas 77354
(281) 356-2500
Map & Directions
Montgomery Police Stations
Montgomery Police Department
101 Old Plantersville Road
Montgomery, Texas 77356
(936) 597-6866
Map & Directions
|Walden Sheriffs Sub Station
11901 Walden Road
Montgomery, Texas 77356
(936) 788-8366
Map & Directions
Shenandoah Police Station
Shenandoah, Texas 77381
(281) 367-8952
Splendora Police Station
26090 FM 2090 Road
Splendora, Texas 77372
(281) 689-3448
Stagecoach Police Station
16930 Boothill Road
Stagecoach, Texas 77355
(281) 259-9333
Willis Police Stations
200 South Bell Street
Willis, Texas 77378
(936) 856-4039
Representation by Jurisdiction
Doug Murphy, a veteran DWI and criminal defense trial attorney, represents clients throughout Montgomery County. Doug Murphy Law Firm is located in Houston, Texas, but he regularly represents clients in Montgomery County, and The Woodlands. Doug Murphy knows Montgomery County.
Montgomery County: Population, Cities & Towns
Montgomery County, Texas, is the state's 11th largest county according to population, which is about 550,000 people, according to the U.S. census in 2016. This population is composed of persons with relatively mixed socioeconomic and racial or ethnic backgrounds. The population enjoys a comparatively good economy. The median household income is $70,805, but this fluctuates drastically depending on location within Montgomery County but is overall much better than the State of Texas's median of $54,727. There are 179,587 households consisting of 2.87 persons. Per capita income averages about $35,912 for Montgomery County, which is also better than the overall average per capita income for Texas at $27,828.
Part of Montgomery County is connected to the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX metro area. Conroe is the largest populated city by far in Montgomery County with over 63,000 residents with a median age of 32.8. Conroe is also the county seat. The Woodlands, however, has a larger population at 105,000 residents, median age 39.1, but only a small part of this city is within the border of Montgomery County. The median household income in The Woodlands is $110,000 while it is $71,000 in Conroe.
Overall, Montgomery County is quite affluent compared to other counties in Texas. Its crime rate, however, does not parallel this affluence; its crime rate is neither the highest nor the lowest in the state. Out of 254 counties, Montgomery is ranked at 151 for crime. Most crimes committed in Montgomery County include drunk driving, drug possession, and assault. These are crimes that often involve socio-economic context that can provide greater insight into your criminal case.
Cities and Towns of Montgomery County, TX
- Conroe
- Cut and Shoot
- Magnolia
- Montgomery
- New Caney
- Oak Ridge North
- Panorama Village
- Roman Forest
- Shenandoah
- Splendora
- Stagecoach
- The Woodlands
- Willis
- Woodbranch
- Woodloch.
Experienced, Smart DWI Defense & Criminal Defense Lawyer in Montgomery County, Texas
If you have been charged with a DWI or another crime and want to fight the charge because you care about your future, you need to retain a DWI and criminal defense attorney committed to the same. At Doug Murphy Law Firm, you get commitment and results. Contact Doug Murphy Law Firm today.


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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Maths
What is the key to Score full marks in class 8 Maths?
Mathematics as a subject may not be every student's cup of tea as it requires logical thinking and reasoning. Grade 8 mathematics specifically may be a bit of a challenge for many as there are a lot of new concepts and lessons that are being introduced. If practiced thoroughly we can say this is the […]Read More


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The pandemic has revealed the entrenched inequities in the world, and the access to diagnostics for COVID-19 is also illustrative of this. As per latest announcements here in Geneva, 80% of the world's population – living in low- and middle-income countries – will initially receive only 20% of two kinds of antigen-based rapid diagnostic tests, while the remaining 20% – those in high and upper middle-income countries – can essentially procure 80% of these tests.
Undoubtedly, it is welcome that 120 million tests for the pandemic will be made available to low and middle income countries over a period of six months. However, relative to overall manufacturing capacities, these are very limited and will do far from addressing perceived global health security concerns. Besides, as on date, majority of the funds (US $ 600 million) needed to procure even these 120 million tests are yet to be raised. (The Global Fund said that it has set aside US $50 million to buy at least 10 million of the new rapid tests for LMICs at the guaranteed price, with the first orders expected to be placed this week through the fund's pooled procurement mechanism.)
Of the US $6 billion estimated to be needed to meet the demand for diagnostics, a woeful $0.3 billion has been pledged, according to documents seen by Geneva Health Files. The immediate need for diagnostics is pegged at $2 billion before 2020 runs out. (This is for 500 million tests – molecular tests and RDTs – in LMICs over the next 12 months, according to FIND). The financing gap stands at US$ 6 billion.
Read more.
Also: Q&A: BROOK K BAKER, INTERIM CIVIL SOCIETY REPRESENTATIVE, DIAGNOSTICS PILLAR, ACT ACCELERATOR
To read the whole story, subscribe to the Geneva Health Files newsletter.
If you like this story, do consider supporting Geneva Health Files. I seek to make this a reader-funded initiative. You can make a contribution using a paypal account: paypal.me/genevahealthfiles Your donations are crucial to keep this effort going!
If you wish to share information or have suggestions, write to me: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Great War Commanders: General Allenby
Allenby's chief claim to fame, though he would not have liked my reminding him of it, was that for a time he was Laurence of Arabia's commanding officer. This was not easy for anyone, and Edward Allenby's notoriously bad temper was always on a short fuse: as a Field Marshall he was known throughout the ranks as 'The Bull' on account of his great size and violent nature. (more…)


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Dress right for office in summer
New Delhi : Bored of your office wear? Go for reversible shrug, experiment with silhouettes and get some variety in your wardrobe this summer, say experts.
Shreyasi Pathak, stylist at Vajor, and Rina S. Walia, in-house satylist at LimeRoad, hand out some tips on how to dress up for office.
* Investing in pieces like a reversible shrug, a bright coloured jacket and shirts with subtle detailing can make dressing up in the morning effortless for you.
* Experimenting with silhouettes is the smart way to go this season. Switch your basic trousers with culottes, palazzos and A-line skirts. Basic button down shirts can be replaced with bell-sleeve blouses, tie-neck shirts and flared tunics.
* Don't forget to include a couple of jumpsuits in your closet since it is head-to-toe attire that is extremely easy to style.
* Get some variety in your wardrobe. The dresses don't have to be the mundane body-hugging silhouette. Instead, pleated, flared, A-line dresses are the next big thing when it comes to work wear.
* Men can go for checked shirt. Pair it up with white or grey office pants. Neatly tuck in the shirt and partner it with fawn office loafers. A brown belt matching a brown leather office bag can complete your look.
* You can go for a pastel peach formal shirt and combine it with a pair of beige bottoms. And opt for a dark beige pair of canvas shoes to compete the look.


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21.11.18ReleasesASICSGEL-Kayano 5
ASICS Drop Another GEL-Kayano 5 OG
ASICS have another colourway of the resurrected GEL-Kayano 5 on tap for a release before 2018 comes to an end.
Returning in 2018 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the original Toshikazu Kayano—designed entry, the fifth installment in the lineup is the perfect retro for today's dad-centric trends, and comes in mesh and leather with ASICS's DUOMAX tech and 3M reflectivity. The first OG retro to pop up, these come with a predominately white look, but feature a classic combination of black and red accents.
This OG 90s throwback is hitting retailers like Solebox from December 1.


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November 29, 2009
Lazy Sunday...
Instead, I'm hanging on the couch with the puppers, playing on the computer and watching season 4 of Bones. My kind of Sunday. :-)
What are you up to today?
6 comments:
- AnonymousNovember 29, 2009 at 1:28 PM
We went to IHOP for lunch. Then we went to Walmart which turned out badly because I dropped my jacket somewhere in the store and it hasn't been turned in. We're chillaxin at the moment. I need to do more studying.ReplyDelete
i am enjoying a super lazy sunday as well!!ReplyDelete
i think it's just about nap time ;)
hope you had a good weekend hun!
Sounds like my kind of Sunday too! I spent most of the day in the kitchen making homemade dinner and cinnamon rolls. It was my first time attempting both and I have to say they turned out pretty good!ReplyDelete
I got some good deals online this year too. This was the first year I did a lot of my shopping on the internet and it was GREAT so EASY!!
Enjoy the rest of your day and I will catch up with you again this week.
Glad to know Beckett is much better!ReplyDelete
Here we are having a very lazy sunday too!
Kisses and hugs
Ohhh sounds perfect!!! I have the hardest time trying to relax on Sunday... I'm always super nervous about the upcoming week!ReplyDelete
What an awesome way to spend the craziest shopping day of the year!!ReplyDelete


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Spring Wheat Variety Evaluation in Off-Station and Re-Crop Trials Near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred (2000)
Lanning, Susan P.
Philips, Dave
Sharp, Gail L.
Talbert, Luther E.
Vavrovsky, Joe
Wargo, Judee
Wichman, David M.
MetadataShow full item record
To evaluate the performance of spring wheat varieties in environments and cropping methods representative of the southern triangle and central Montana. Yields ranged from 11 to 34 bu/a with the highest yields at the Moccasin site. Low moisture at the Fort Benton site contributed to lower than average yields. Spring wheat yields were below average at all four locations and varied greatly depending on available moisture. McNeal and Scholar, both released by Montana State University, yielded well as did Reeder, a new release from North Dakota. The average yield across all locations and all cultivars was 24.8 bu/a. The above average grain protein measured at all sites was accompanied by lower than average test weights. Heading date among cultivars was fairly uniform with all entries heading within the same week.
Lanning, S.P., Philips, D., Sharp, G.L., Talbert, L.E., Vavrovsky, J., Wargo, J., Wichman, D.M. 2000. Spring wheat variety evaluation in off-station and re-crop trials near Moccasin, Denton, Fort Benton, and Winifred. Moccasin, Mt.: Central Agricultural Research Center.


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I will have to edit this on the fly … my head is pounding and I can't figure out why it is featuring the lunch menu on Facebook rather than the chemo photos! I can't look at my own FB feed because the photo now makes me barfy *Fixed! This blog post isn't for the faint of heart … first chemotherapy session!
Choppy writing because I can't find my notes and my chemobrain has kicked in the doors. Oh … and two days in emerg … but more on that later!
Monday, April 10 … one month since my Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) lumpectomy and sentinel node surgery and I was back at the Durham Regional Cancer Centre (DRCC) for a final Pharmacy consult, bloodwork and to see my Oncologist Dr. F.
They have scanned every crevice of my body … can tell I have fibroids, a very sore toe, a breast recovering from surgery, a bladder full of radioactive dye. I was also told that I had a post-operative sac of fluid that they would keep an eye on in case it bothered me … Queue the music that makes you wonder what is around the corner!
I do have the heart of an athlete with a sweet beat of 50-60 bpm. The gym pay off!
Tuesday morning I took the two anti-nausea drugs plus steroids provided before my chemo treatment, and I tried to eat a little breakfast and get them down. I rushed around trying to remember everything I needed and stuff it into my bag. I will do a whole blog post on what is in the Chemo bag … You would be surprised!
I have to take powerful anti-nausea medications for three days, and also have extra and above-the-call-of-duty anti-nausea drugs to take care of any queasiness that comes up after. The second I feel sick, I have to take one to "get ahead" of the wave … so far it has worked! TMI is not part of this blog, people …
My first appointment at the DRCC was to get my PICC (peripherally inserted central catheter) line inserted by two lovely technicians who loved dogs. We talked about rescuing dogs the entire time. Good thing because they had to refreeze my arm and retry to get the PICC catheter in far enough so it was close to my heart. You really don't feel a thing!
PICC in on two tries and then … that long walk down that long hallway to the Systemic Therapy Unit for my first Chemotherapy infusion.
I was terrified to walk in … after my experience with the tour … it was almost like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder flashbacks. In fact, I don't recall if we walked right in or someone came to get us … Sherri will have to fill in that detail.
I do recall the volunteer being extremely nice and gentle in getting me settled in a private corner so I could look out into a park. She got me tea. Then she asked me what colour I liked for a blanket … Pink, blue, black I said.
Well, she found a crochet blanket with all those colours and handed it to me … It was mine. The chemo infusion is colder than room temperature which is much colder than body temperature so that is why we cancer patients wrap up during chemo. Then she handed me a box of knitted hats and sewn scarves and told me to pick two. All were made by volunteers. Bless them.
I chose two spring scarves … One scarf, I swear … my Mom whispered over my shoulder that she loved the green and mauve one … they were her favourite colours and I was immediately drawn to it. The other was also springy and cheerful. I didn't want any knits to itch my soon-to-be-bald head.
I will volunteer in the DRCC once I am done. Because I want to give back that experience that my volunteer gave me. Immediately redirecting my thoughts to cozy and warm and protected.
My Nurse came by to introduce herself and began to get us settled and set up in my reclining chair.
I have decided that each chemotherapy session will be a "theme" for me … you know how I love to dress up! My first chemo was to pay homage to the one person who makes me want to go on … my son. He and I have fought through it all and have been a team since day one.
So I brought his baby blanket, the light blue corduroy blanket, and his Love Frog. Love Frog was a last minute Valentine's gift when he was 7 or 8. Matt was never really into stuffies but I just loved something about that frog. All the kids were ga ga over Ganz stuffies who had online personalities.
I gave him to Matt and he loved Love Frog! We moved his head, we had Love Frog ask questions, we had him talk … he was our bedtime buddy for years.
Matt obviously grew out of Love Frog after a few years, but the love never left. He stayed in a safe place in our home and came out hiding to go the hospital 10 years later. He made the chemo more fun for all of us.
My nurse brought over the first drug of the Chemo Cocktail … referred to as the Red Devil due to it's bright red colour and how sick it can make you … It's real name is Doxorubicin or the trade name Adriamycin … So it is the "A" in my dose dense AC-T Chemo Cocktail. This stuff is so toxic to my heart, I can only have so many doses in my lifetime. So this cancer needs to go away. My friend – and fellow cancer warrior – Virginia says it reminds her of something a mad scientist would wield in a cartoon. That giant syringe is just so…ridiculous! Well said!
It will block an enzyme that cells need to grow … unfortunately, it just doesn't target cancer cells.
The Red Devil is so toxic that the nurse is pretty much wearing a hazmat suit to administer the drug, which she pushed in via a large syringe and took about 45 minutes. I had red pee and have to flush the toilet 2 or 3 times so as to not contaminate my family with my chemo cocktail.
I felt no effects as it was going in, except the emotional. We video taped the "push" and I will share at a later date when I am able to view it … I am not ready myself yet.
Was that the start of chemo or the end of cancer? Or am I already cancer free and we are just making sure? Mindset … mind games … mindfulness … mind numbing …
Time for the "C" in my AC-T Chemo Cocktail … Cyclophosphamide or Cytoxan. This drug will interfere with the duplication of DNA in my cells and suppress my immune system.
I will get 4 doses of "AC" in 8 weeks, so once every two weeks. "T" doesn't start until the end of this regimen … where I get 12 weeks of 12 infusions of Taxol. The day after each AC chemo infusion, I get a white blood cell booster shot called Neulasta to kick start my bones into producing the cells.
This "C" stuff gave me the chills … literally. It felt like an ice cream headache in my chest. The PICC line delivers the chemo to the large heart vein (thumb sized) so that there isn't damage to the vein. Sherri said it was the first time she saw me look scared … I thought my heart was having a headache! They had to slow down the drip, and that relieved the ache in my chest for a less stressful infusion … sit back … drink tea … chat about the weather … This mix of the cocktail took about an hour. Where is the patio?
They flush the PICC line with saline, then helped me get ready to leave! I was done! No incidents other than the ice cream headache in the heart! Yay!
Believe it or not … I chose Thai as my First Chemo lunch! Brave girl! Yummmm … Cream Curry Chicken. Can anyone read my tea leaves?
We shopped (for fashionable PICC line covers) and I bled so I had to buy them all. We went back to the Chemo Lounge to have my PICC line checked … all good.
At home, Sherri … my Angel … made us a wonderful dinner of Chicken, Orzo with Lemon & Parsley and Asparagus. Fran stopped by to check in on me and joined us dinner! So happy to be surrounded with love and comfort.
I was given three anti-nausea drugs, steroids, frozen (for the PICC line), salined, Red Deviled, Cytoxan'd, salined again and sent home to take anti-anxiety meds and sleeping pills. But before I crashed, I noticed that my lymph nodes were all popping up, so Sherri left a message for my primary oncology nurse.
Later that night I was so ramped up on the steroids that I cleaned out a bag of chips with onion chip dip, then fell asleep … ASLEEP … with a granola bar in my mouth.
I crashed hard.
Sherri says I sleep walked through my bedtime and tooth brushing routine and flopped into bed. Good night!
Fuck you Cancer!
Read the Fox blog: Hear what the Fox really has to say
© Lisa Jobson 2017


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Last Updated on November 12, 2019 by travelingwithsunscreen
The thing with travelers is that they generally don't need a lot of stuff. They're constantly on the move, and more items might just slow them down. This can make coming up with travel gift ideas preeetty challenging (let's think beyond the travel pillow or the passport cover, people). BUT! There are certain items that make travel SO much easier and SO much more pleasant, things that the traveler in your life might not have thought to buy for himself. Here's our guide to the best travel gifts for men in 2019 – we promise that your favorite traveler will love these!
Travel Gifts for Him from $100-$200
Waterproof sneakers
You can't bring rainboots on trips. I mean, technically you could, but then your luggage would be 100% full of boots. Vessi waterproof shoes are a LIFESAVER on trips. They're light and comfy enough to wear all day, even when it's not raining, they're flexible enough to squish flat in luggage, and they're fully, 100% waterproof! (They're even vegan!) They come in colors and styles to suit anyone's taste. Your favorite traveler may not even know that there is a solution for wet-feet-on-trips syndrome, so a pair of Vessis is truly the perfect gift!
I could go on about Vessi footwear all day, but there are other gifts to get to. If you want more info, check out our full review here.
A great travel backpack
Osprey is the best of the best when it comes to travel backpacks. If your favorite traveler likes to travel light, look no further than Osprey's Farpoint 40 Men's Travel Backpack. It's designed to be comfortable and easy to carry, and it gives travelers more mobility than a rolling suitcase or a duffel bag would. Unlike other backpacks, this one unzips fully, allowing you to lay it flat, open it up, and see all of the contents, instead of fishing around hopelessly for something that's stuck at the bottom of your pack. We've been traveling with these guys for years. They're sturdy as all get out. This is definitely a gift that will stand the test of time!
Travel Gifts for Him from $50-$100
A comfy and versatile pair of travel pants or shorts
When you're on the road, you want pants that look normal, so that you don't stand out as a hopeless tourist when visiting cities, but that are also light, comfy, and water-resistant, for times when you head out into nature. The prAna Men's Brion Pants do all of these things really well. These are a great gift that your traveler will end up bringing on every trip, to anywhere, forever. Trust us on this. (It's also worth checking out the prAna Men's Brion Shorts as an alternative, and slightly less pricey, gift idea!)
A super-portable water filter for his water bottle
In much of the world, you can't drink the tap water, and on outdoor adventures, there may be no tap water to drink. Any traveler is all too familiar with the experience of stocking up liters and liters of bottled water. It's inconvenient, unwieldy, and terrible for the environment. Why not help your favorite traveler make water safe to drink with a portable LifeStraw water filter, which instantly purifies water directly out of a regular water bottle? The first time we saw a fellow traveler with one of these babies, we were beyond jealous. It just could not be easier! Plus, with every purchase, LifeStraw is able to provide clean drinking water to a child in a developing community for a full school year. It's a win-win!
A waterproof packable daypack
One of the handiest things to have with you on any trip is a smaller, packable backpack. This little travel bag should be easily able to fit inside your regular luggage. It doesn't take up much space. It doesn't weigh much. But, when you need a handy backpack to carry your supplies for the day, it's got you covered. We love the Matador Freerain24 because it's small, it's light, it's durable, and it's 100% waterproof! But, if you're looking for a budget option, you can't go wrong with the Hikpro 20L – it's just as light and durable as the Matador, and although it's not waterproof, it's a steal at under $20.
Travel Gifts for Him from $10-$50
A scratch-off map
Travelers love to reminiscence about where they've been (okay, and to show off a little). How about a scratch-off map to help him share and remember all of his favorite trips? Once his visitors see this, they'll know who to go to for travel tips no matter where they may be off to next!
A personalized toiletries bag
To get the most out of limited luggage space, travelers need toiletry bottles and TSA-approved clear bags that fit perfectly together. That's why we love the Lingito Travel Bottles Set. Unlike the ones you buy in a drug store, these toiletry bottles come empty and unmarked. You can make this into a great, personalized gift by pre-filling the bottles with his favorite toiletries and labeling them with markers. It's a sweet and personal gift that's also SO convenient on the road!
An ultralight packable travel towel
Often, when you travel, you rely on hotels or hostels or AirBnbs to provide your towels. You can't always count on it, though. In South Korea, for example, it's habitual to provide only very small face towels. Outdoor expeditions or tours likely won't provide towels at all. Some hostels charge per day for their towel rentals. Best to bring your own, just in case. A traveler will need a towel that's light and compact, and that dries quickly, so that it can be repacked soon after a morning shower. We'd recommend the Youphoria Microfiber Travel Towel. It takes up barely any space in the luggage, but it's warm and dry when it's most needed.
Ultralight wool socks
Socks sometimes get knocked as gift ideas, but they shouldn't. Everyone loves the feeling of soft, squishy, warm, dry socks on their feet all day long. Travelers especially rely on socks that will keep them comfy through a long day on their feet, and that will dry off quickly if they get wet. We recommend Darn Tough Vermont's Ultra-Light Athletic Socks. Ethan wears these on every trip. They're comfy, they're warm, and they hold up!
Travel Gifts Under $10- perfect travel stocking stuffers!
A luggage scale
How annoying is it when you get to the airport, weigh your bag (newly plump with souvenirs), and realize that it's overweight and you have to pay a fee? VERY ANNOYING! We always travel with a light, portable luggage scale to prevent this sort of thing from happening. In our experience, most travelers don't already have one, but they're always more than happy to borrow ours. This would be a much-appreciated gift.
A universal power converter
So many countries on his bucket list = so many different power outlets. It's a pain to get the right converter for every trip. This universal power converter is small, light, and packable. We use it everywhere! It's a perfect little travel stocking stuffer.
Washeze laundry sheets
These are also a perfect stocking stuffer, because there's basically a zero percent chance that your giftee has even heard of them, but they are a miracle product on long trips. Washeze are basically fabric sheets, kind of like dryer sheets, except that they contain detergent, fabric softener, and static control. Sometimes, depending on where you're traveling, you end up having to do laundry in the sink. Not ideal, never ideal, but it happens. And when it does, these lightweight, TSA-friendly detergent sheets are magical. Just toss one in the sink and wash away! Always a great thing to have on hand!
Portable, hangable, mini-lights for camping
If your favorite traveler enjoys camping, chances are he already has a lantern and flashlight. But chances are that he does NOT have a portable, hangable, light-bulb-style camping light, and this is where he is missing out. These FengChi LED Camping Lanterns are super handy. You can hang them easily from a tree or from the top of your tent to have a reasonable amount of light both "indoors" and outdoors. They're cool, they're handy, and they're definitely unique! Definitely great gifts for travel lovers!
Was this gift guide helpful? Have more ideas? Let us know in the comments!
You might also be interested in:
The Best Travel Clothes for Men
Ultimate Packing List (for anywhere in the world!)
Best Packable Backpack: Our Review


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