text:
Cards Switcher Jumbo size Kozuch
The first boxless card box!
A spectator selects (freely - there is no force!) a group of cards from an ordinary pack. The cards are placed faces-out into plain stand on the magician's table. The stand, in fact, is barely large enough to hold the cards.
The cards are reversed in the stand - their backs are now facing the audience. Now when the cards are turned over, they are shown to be the four aces!
The Cards Switcher is a diabolically clever - and simple - method for switching one card for another, forcing cards, packet switches, ringing in gaffed cards, and so much more! It's a miraculous ultimate utility prop - and looks far more "ordinary" than the standard flap card box.
The handling is exceptionally clean and above suspicion. In fact, they actually SEE you switch the cards in FULL VIEW!
Available in Poker and Jumbo size, please specify when ordering
Eduardo Kozuch


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PennDOT to Begin Rehabilitation of Butler Avenue Bridge over Neshaminy Creek in New Britain Township, Bucks County
King of Prussia, PA – Construction is scheduled to begin Monday, June 17, on a project to rehabilitate the bridge carrying Butler Avenue over a branch of Neshaminy Creek in New Britain Township, Bucks County, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) announced today.
Due to the nature of construction, Butler Avenue will be closed and detoured between Brittany Drive and Surrey Road through the length of the rehabilitation project. Beginning Monday, June 17, through late August, Butler Avenue motorists will be directed to use Route 152 (Limekiln Pike), U.S. 202, and County Line Road. Local access will be maintained up to the construction zone.
PennDOT's contractor will rehabilitate the bridge by replacing the existing structure with a concrete box culvert; milling and paving the roadway; installing impact attenuators; and replacing the guiderail.
Built in 1939 and reconstructed in 1963, the single-span bridge is 18 feet long and 38 feet wide. The structure carries an average of 12,359 vehicles a day.
Structure currently under construction include:
- Route 313 (Dublin Pike/Swamp Road) over Deep Run in Hilltown Township, Bucks County.
The other structures included in this bridge rehabilitation project include the following:
- Route 926 (Street Road) over Radley Run in Westtown and Thornbury townships, Chester County; and
- Two Green Valley Road structures over tributary of Brandywine Creek in Newlin Township, Chester County.
Work on the entire project is expected to be completed in late 2020.
- Abbonzino Contractors, Inc. of Sewell, N.J., is the general contractor on this $4,040,779 bridge improvement project that is financed with 100 percent state funds.
Subscribe to PennDOT news and traffic alerts in Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philadelphia counties at www.penndot.gov/District6.
Motorists can check conditions on more than 40,000 roadway miles by visiting www.511PA.com or downloading the 511PA application for iPhone and Android devices. 511PA, which is free and available 24 hours a day, provides traffic delay warnings, weather forecasts, traffic speed information, and access to more than 950 traffic cameras.
Follow PennDOT on Twitter at www.twitter.com/511PAPhilly and like the department on Facebook at www.facebook.com/PennsylvaniaDepartmentofTransportation and Instagram at www.instagram.com/pennsylvaniadot.
MEDIA CONTACT: Ayanna Williams, 610-205-6801

subset: commoncrawl


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Spin Attack
The Spin Attack,(ALttP | OoT | MM | OoS | OoA | TWW | FSA | TMC | SS | ALBW | TFH | CoH)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] also known as the Whirling Blade,(LA)[12] Whirling Blade Technique,(FS)[13] and the Big Move,(SSHD)[14] is Link's signature move.[name references needed][note 1] It was first introduced in A Link to the Past and has appeared in every main Zelda title since. To perform it, Link usually gets in a stance to power up his Sword and then spins around once in a circle, damaging all enemies within the sword's radius. This technique is useful in that it deals more damage than a sword strike, and it is also used to solve puzzles in various Zelda games. The Spin Attack is a basic attack, although a better, upgraded version can often be learned sometime later in Link's quest.
Although not much is known about the history of the Spin Attack, A Link to the Past mentions that this ability is a secret sword technique used by the Knights of Hyrule,[17] while Link's Awakening describes that the Spin Attack has been "handed down from generation to generation by the family of the hero."[12]
The Spin Attack is mostly used when Link is closely surrounded by several enemies due to the attack's long range. As such, this allows the young hero to quickly and easily dispose of whole groups of enemies with just this technique, making it one of the most useful abilities in the game.[18][19] This is mostly true in Four Swords Adventures, where, combined with the Cross Formation used by the Links, the Spin Attack allows the young heroes to defend themselves from all four directions.
Other than attacking, the Spin Attack is also used to solve various puzzles in the games. These more often are the ones that require Link to hit more than one switch at the same time, such as in Twilight Princess, where Link must perform a Spin Attack to hit all of the switches in the Palace of Twilight in order to make a floating platform appear. Special entrances require this technique to get them to open: in Oracle of Seasons, the Spin Attack is crucial in opening the gate to the Maku Tree. Moreover, in The Minish Cap, Link must execute this technique in front of a guard blocking the entrance to Mount Crenel so that he will allow the young hero to proceed to his destination.[20]
Another use, though not as pivotal as the aforementioned uses, is that Link's sword can pick up the items it slashes, such as Rupees (which can be safely retrieved by swinging the sword at them should they land close to an edge, rather than having Link walk over and possibly falling). Because of this, a Spin Attack is an excellent way to way to pick up items all around Link. This same technique applies to the weapons Link can pick up in The Wind Waker, as he may also perform a Spin Attack wielding those. If he performs a spin attack with a Moblin Spear (the longest weapon in the game), he can immediately pick up all of the objects in a very large radius. This technique is especially useful for the Treasure Spheres often dropped by larger enemies, as the objects inside disappear rather quickly once they hit the ground.
Performing the Spin Attack
The Spin Attack is done in most Zelda games by holding down the button that the sword is assigned to for a matter of time and then releasing it.[18][21][19] This will cause Link to get in a fighting stance while he charges up his sword or, in the case of the 2D Zelda games, just stand still as the sword begins to glow. This method can be done in most 3D Zelda games, with the exception of the Wii games Twilight Princess and Skyward Sword: since there is no sword button, Link cannot charge a Spin Attack. Instead, Link must perform it by lightly shaking the Nunchuk left and right (Twilight Princess)[22] or swinging the Wiimote and Nunchuk at the same time (Skyward Sword).
A faster way to perform the Spin Attack is to quickly rotate the Control Stick once and press the Sword button afterwards.[18][5][21] If timed correctly, this will have the same effect as if Link had charged his sword to execute the Spin Attack, with the advantage being that this method does not consume Magic Power in games like Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask. In some games, like The Wind Waker, Link can also perform this attack by simply using the thrust attack four times, or a combination of such, though this strategy only works if Link is actively attacking something, rather than swinging his sword at thin air. In Twilight Princess, if the player rotates the Control Stick right after performing a Jump Attack, Link will execute a Spin Attack upon landing.
In Phantom Hourglass and Spirit Tracks, Link must quickly draw a circle to perform the Spin Attack.[23][24] Although in other games, Link can carry out an infinite amount of Spin Attacks without getting dizzy, in the Nintendo DS games, the young hero can only execute this technique four times in a row before he gets dazed and vulnerable for a few seconds.[24]
In Skyward Sword, Link has to swing both the Wii Remote and the Nunchuk at the same time to perform a Spin Attack.[25] Because of the game's mechanics, Link is allowed to pick in which direction he spins, an ability first introduced in Twilight Princess. However, in Skyward Sword it is a pivotal component to sword fighting, as certain enemies will block one side, forcing Link to spin in the direction that strikes his enemy's exposed side. With the directional movement imparted to Link via the Wii Remote, Link is, also for the first time, allowed to perform a vertical Spin Attack by swinging the Wii Remote and the Nunchuck together in a vertical motion, either downward or upward.[26] Much like the horizontal Spin Attack, the direction in which Link needs to perform the spin is dependent on what direction is necessary to damage his foe. In cases where the direction does not matter, the spin attacks have no difference; left Spin Attacks are the same as right ones, and upwards ones are the same as ones going down. All four directions yield the same radius and damage. It also does not matter which direction the Nunchuk is swung; the Wii Remote controls the direction Link will spin. Performing a Spin Attack depletes a portion of Link's Stamina, similar to the restrictions in Phantom Hourglass and Spirit Tracks. Unusually, a single hit from the Spin Attack in Skyward Sword does no more damage than a hit from a regular attack, but it has a similar overall effect to Spin Attacks in other titles because unless it knocks the target out of the way on the first hit it will generally hit twice.
In Breath of the Wild, the Spin Attack is performed by simply holding the attack button like in most previous games, but its execution changes depending on the Weapon used. With a one-handed weapon, the Spin Attack is identical to previous incarnations, being a single, powerful circular attack with a wide range. It can be charged longer for more power and range at the cost of more Stamina. With a spear, the Spin Attack is replaced by a string of powerful consecutive stabs when charged. With two-handed weapons, Link does not charge the Spin Attack but instead begins spinning continuously shortly after the attack button is starting to be held. Link continues to spin until the attack button is released or until Link runs out of Stamina, at which point he finishes the attack with a powerful downward strike that can knock foes away. If Urbosa's Fury is unlocked and activated, Link will do his regular Spin Attack like normal, but he will summon a wide arc of lightning around him to electrocute enemies nearby, similar to the Electric Lizalfos electric attack.
The Spin Attack can also be performed in Battle Quest, the Legend of Zelda-themed sub-game in the Wii U spin-off title Nintendo Land. Miis that use swords can perform a Spin Attack by raising their swords in the air or hold them to a side, as if they were charging a Skyward Strike, and swinging the Wii Remote. The charge lasts until the player performs a Spin Attack, or receives damage. However, charging a Spin Attack is rather time-consuming, and leaves the Miis vulnerable until the charge is complete or canceled.
Upgrades and Variations
In some Zelda games, Link can learn an upgraded version of the Spin Attack as he travels on his quest. Other times, using Masks or Magic Rings will slightly alter the behavior and characteristics of this technique. The alterations as well as the upgrades available are described below.
Super Spin Attack
- See also: Great Spin
The Super Spin Attack, also known as the Great Spin or the Magic Spin Attack, is a special technique found in several Zelda games, including Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask. As its name suggests, it is a Spin Attack with a bigger radius of attack. Usually this attack can only be used when one's life meter is completely filled up or Magic Power has been acquired. It can be differentiated from the normal Spin Attack due to its color, which is usually red in its most powerful form. This is demonstrated in the Nintendo 64 Zelda games, where the Super Spin Attack is denoted by the blue or red outlines that the attack makes: the blue Super Spin Attack is weaker and has a smaller radius than its red counterpart. Moreover, the red version makes Link spin around twice, but the downside is that Link must charge it longer before he can use it. Although charging it up with the B Button uses up a small fraction of Link's Magic Power, quickly rotating the Control Stick and pressing the Sword button does not consume magic.
In Four Swords Adventures, each Link has the ability to execute a Spin Attack during the game-play in both Overhead and side-scrolling areas. However, the Cross formation enables a powerful Spin Attack in which all Four Links will perform the Super Spinning Attack.[27] Unlike the normal Spin Attack, this makes the four Links spin around the center of the Cross Formation, making it extremely effective against multiple enemies.
In A Link Between Worlds, the Great Spin is an upgrade of the regular Spin Attack, obtained by returning all of the Lost Maiamais to Mother Maiamai. This doubles the range of the attack, and greatly increases its power.
In Tri Force Heroes, wearing the Spin Attack Attire doubles the range and power of the Spin Attack.
|How to Obtain
|Ocarina of Time
|Must visit the Great Fairy of Power in the Great Fairy's Fountain in Death Mountain.
|Majora's Mask
|For the red variation, Link must retrieve the 15 Stray Fairies in the Woodfall Temple and take them to the Great Fairy of Power in the Fairy's Fountain of Woodfall.
|Four Swords Adventures
|Must be in Cross Formation.
|Twilight Princess
|Final Hidden Skill learned from the Ancient Hero.
|A Link Between Worlds
|Link must return all 100 lost Maiamais to Mother Maiamai.
Great Spin Attack
- Not to be confused with the Great Spin, a sword technique entirely different from this technique. That technique is covered in the section above.
The Hurricane Spin is an extremely advanced Spin Attack. When used, Link can spin multiple times, prolonging the use of the Spin Attack and causing far more damage.
Skyward Strike Spin Attack
The Skyward Strike can be used to amplify Link's Spin Attack in Skyward Sword. This increases its radius and, before obtaining the Master Sword in Hero Mode, will deal more damage due to having the fully-powered Skyward Strike.
Deku Spin
In Majora's Mask, Deku Link's basic attack is similar to that of a Spin Attack: he spins around on one foot and damages all enemies within the radius created by his hat.[28] Unlike the Spin Attack, however, this move can be performed while Deku Link is running. The Deku Spin is also useful in that it helps the young hero hop farther by Deku Spinning on the surface of the water than by simply running up to it.
Wolf Spin
In Twilight Princess, Wolf Link uses a type of Spin Attack which is performed in the same way as with a sword. Alternatively, it can be performed partially charging Midna's shadow field, causing Link to attack with his fangs and tail, though it will only work after using the shadow field for the first time.
Magic Rings
In Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages, three Magic Rings alter some characteristics of the Spin Attack. The Charge Ring enables Link to charge up the Spin Attack in a quarter of the time it normally takes. The Spin Ring causes Link to spin twice instead of once. This ability is useful against bosses that can only be hurt with a Spin Attack. Lastly, the Energy Ring enables a spin attack to become a Sword Beam attack instead.
Other Appearances
Super Smash Bros. Series
- For more in-depth information, see SmashWiki's Spin Attack article.
In the Super Smash Bros. series, the Spin Attack is Link, Young Link, and Toon Link's Up Special Move. It proves to be a powerful attack when used on the ground, and when used in the air, it serves as Link's third jump and thus help him recover from off-stage. It is not until its appearance in Super Smash Bros. Brawl that the Spin Attack can be charged while on the ground. Young Link and Toon Link's version of the Spin Attack is weaker than its adult Link counterpart; however, the younger Links' attack traps enemies in a cyclone of slashes and can draw in foes if they are relatively close to the Spin Attack's radius.
Soulcalibur II
In Soulcalibur II, Link uses two variations of the Spin Attack. The first version acts much like the Hurricane Spin: Link can charge his sword to spin around several times, although this will not leave him dizzy like in other Zelda games. By completely charging the sword with the Spin Attack, a more powerful attack will be unleashed, demonstrated by the fire that surrounds Link's sword in the process. The second version, called the Cyclone Attack, causes Link to jump into the air while executing a Spin Attack. Like the previous variation, this attack can also be charged by the young hero, which will cause for Link to jump higher. The Spin Attack, when fully charged, causes 74 HP worth of damage while the Cyclone Attack deals 71 HP.
Hyrule Warriors
The Spin Attack serves as Link's Special Attack for the Hylian Sword and Master Sword Weapons in Hyrule Warriors. He raises his Sword to charge energy, much like when charging a Skyward Strike, then unleashes a powerful Spin Attack that spans a wide range. A shorter and less far-reaching Spin Attack can be used by pressing the Strong Attack button, where he does a single spin if using the Hylian Sword, or two spins when using the Master Sword. The button can be held down for a couple of seconds first for increased range and damage. His fourth combo also involves a Spin Attack which takes him into the air, and a Spin Attack similar to the Cyclone Attack can be used if the Strong Attack button is held down after any of his combos. He can move around while charging this attack, and although it is weaker and has less range than his other Spin Attacks, it is useful for causing extra damage to Captains, Warriors and Giant Bosses, depleting their Weak Point Gauge faster.
Toon Link can perform the Hurricane Spin as some of his combos and Special Attack for his Light Sword Weapon. The Special Attack variant causes him to briefly become dizzy, a reference to when he used the technique in The Wind Waker.
Cadence of Hyrule
|Names in Other Regions
|回転斬り (Kaitengiri) (ALttP)[31]
|Spinning Slice
|Draaiaanval (ALBW)[32]
|Ataque Rodopiante (ALBW)[32]
|Круговая атака (Krugovaya ataka) (ALBW)[32]
|This table was generated using translation pages.
To request an addition, please contact a staff member with a reference.
- ↑ This ability is also referred to as the Whirling Blade Attack in The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening — Nintendo Player's Guide by Nintendo of America,[15] and Hurricane Blade in The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past — Nintendo Player's Guide by Nintendo of America.[16] However, as the games and Art & Artifacts supersede the guides, these terms are not considered Canon.
- ↑ Art & Artifacts, Dark Horse Books, pg. 387 (ALttP)
- ↑ "When you charge power for a Spin Attack, magic power will be consumed. Pay attention to your green Magic Meter!" — Great Fairy of Power (Ocarina of Time 3D)
- ↑ "Reviving Power
You found all the Stray Fairies in Snowhead Temple and revived the Great Fairy of Power. As thanks, she powered up your Spin Attack!" — Bombers' Notebook (Majora's Mask 3D)
- ↑ The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages — Official Strategy Guide (Pocket Guide), BradyGames, pg. 41 (OoS) & 98 (OoA)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Next is the spin attack! Hold briefly to build up your strength, then release it! (Or rotate once and press .)" — Orca (The Wind Waker)
- ↑ Four Swords Adventures manual, pg. 28
- ↑ "Spin Attack
Press and hold your sword button. Charge and release!" — Tiger Scroll (The Minish Cap)
- ↑ "Are you ready to try a spin attack?" — Eagus (Skyward Sword HD)
- ↑ "Spin Attack" (A Link Between Worlds manual, pg. 20)
- ↑ "That swift Spin Attack of his... Fella, it's something else! I always looked up to him as a kid, heh.
The story goes that he appears before the unlucky and slices away their bad luck with a single marvelous spin!" — Daily Riches Owner (Tri Force Heroes)
- ↑ "You got the Spin Attack ability! It's automatically assigned to , and only can use it. Link can now use stamina to charge a spin attack and unleash it to hit all surrounding enemies!" — N/A (Cadence of Hyrule)
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "'The Whirling Blade technique has been handed down from generation to generation by the family of the hero. To use it, hold down the Sword Button and build up your power. When you have enough, you can release the Button! Can you master this?'" — Secrets Of The Whirling Blade (Link's Awakening DX)
- ↑ "Whirling Blade Technique" (A Link to the Past & Four Swords manual, pg. 9)
- ↑ "Once you've sliced up those logs, I'll set it up so you can try out your big move." — Eagus (Skyward Sword HD)
- ↑ The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening — Nintendo Player's Guide, Nintendo of America, pg. 13}
- ↑ The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past — Nintendo Player's Guide, Nintendo of America, pg. 128
- ↑ "I shall teach you one of the secret sword techniques used by the Knights of Hyrule... Hold the B Button to focus power in your blade. Release it to unleash the power." — Link's Uncle (A Link to the Past)
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask — Official Nintendo Player's Guide, Nintendo of America, pg. 9
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess — PRIMA Official Game Guide, Prima Games, pg. 3
- ↑ "Exit the Mayors house and now make your way to the top-left part of town. There is a guard that is blocking your way but will let you go by once you perform the Spin Attack for him." — The Minish Cap: Walkthrough, ZeldaDungeon.net.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time — Official Nintendo Player's Guide, Nintendo of America, pg. 11
- ↑ "If you're surrounded by enemies, shake your Nunchuk lightly left and right to perform a spin attack!" — N/A (Twilight Princess)
- ↑ "To do a spin attack, quickly draw a circle around yourself." — Russell (Spirit Tracks)
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass — Prima Official Game Guide, Prima Games, pg. 11
- ↑ "The Spin Attack - Remember how in Twilight Princess all you had to do was shake the Nunchuck? Well, in this game, it requires a little more movement: Swing the Wii Remote and Nunchuck together in a horizontal motion from either right to left or left to right, whichever one is more comfortable for you." — Skyward Sword Controls, ZeldaUniverse.net.
- ↑ "The Vertical Spin Slice - This one is a little more complicated than those listed above, but still fairly simple. Swing the Wii Remote and Nunchuck together in a vertical motion either downward or upward. It's just like the Spin Attack, but literally vertical!" — Skyward Sword Controls, ZeldaUniverse.net.
- ↑ "This formation is very useful when you're surrounded by enemies. You can do a super spinning attack in this formation." (Four Swords Adventures manual, pg. 17)
- ↑ The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask — Official Nintendo Player's Guide, Nintendo of America, pg. 10
- ↑ "Attacco rotante" — Inventory (Cadence of Hyrule, Italian localization)
- ↑ "Tieni premuto A o B per caricare, rilascia per sferrare un attacco vortice!" — N/A (Oracle of Seasons, Italian localization)
- ↑ A Link to the Past manual, pg. 22
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 A Link Between Worlds manual, pg. 9
- Sword Techniques
- Super Smash Bros.
- Abilities
- Abilities in A Link to the Past
- Abilities in Link's Awakening
- Abilities in Link's Awakening DX
- Abilities in Link's Awakening (Nintendo Switch)
- Abilities in Ocarina of Time
- Abilities in Ocarina of Time 3D
- Abilities in Majora's Mask
- Abilities in Majora's Mask 3D
- Abilities in Four Swords
- Abilities in The Wind Waker
- Abilities in The Wind Waker HD
- Abilities in Four Swords Adventures
- Abilities in The Minish Cap
- Abilities in Twilight Princess
- Abilities in Twilight Princess HD
- Abilities in Phantom Hourglass
- Abilities in Spirit Tracks
- Abilities in Skyward Sword
- Abilities in Skyward Sword HD
- Abilities in A Link Between Worlds
- Abilities in Tri Force Heroes
- Abilities in Breath of the Wild
- Abilities in Super Smash Bros.
- Abilities in Super Smash Bros. Melee
- Abilities in Soulcalibur II
- Abilities in Super Smash Bros. Brawl
- Abilities in Hyrule Warriors
- Abilities in Hyrule Warriors Legends
- Abilities in Hyrule Warriors: Definitive Edition
- Abilities in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS
- Abilities in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U
- Abilities in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
- Abilities in Cadence of Hyrule


text: The new service centre in Nuertingen was planned and built to suit our requirements and needs exactly. In 2017 we were able to move in and since then it has proven a great success. The spacious building became a platform for the employees. The spatial concept and the visionary implementation encourage networked, digitised working, communication and innovation. Glass and concrete in the interior provide transparency and strength as well as separating areas without marginalising.


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FEMA Proposes Partnering With States to Prepare Before Disasters
Hurricane Irma highlights the need for more incentives for disaster mitigation
Mia Herman sits on a hydrant on a flooded Miami street during Hurricane Irma in September.
© Matt McClain/The Washington Post via Getty Images
Weeks after Hurricane Irma made landfall in South Florida, it's clear that the storm ranks among the most destructive to hit the state. More than a dozen people died, millions went without power, and it caused an estimated $25 billion to $35 billion in damage to insured properties in affected states, including Florida.
But Irma was no anomaly for the state. In 1992—before Ivan, Frances, Charley, Wilma, and Matthew—there was Hurricane Andrew, the costliest hurricane on record at the time. It destroyed more than 25,000 homes, causing an estimated $26.5 billion in damage, and left more than 160,000 people homeless. In response, officials rewrote the state's building codes, making them the toughest in the nation. New homes since then have been designed to better withstand hurricanes such as Irma.
But as memories of Andrew have faded, so too have its lessons. This year, the state passed a new law that untethers Florida's building code from international standards, making it possible for the Florida Building Commission to weaken it.
It is clear that stronger buildings and other mitigation efforts pay off. A study this year by Florida's emergency management division found that $19.2 million spent on 40 such projects completed before Hurricane Matthew struck in 2016—including raising buildings, improving drainage, and buying and demolishing properties in vulnerable areas—averted more than $81 million in likely damage. A Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) report also found that homes built with the stronger codes after Andrew performed better than older housing.
To persuade states to replicate such efforts, FEMA is proposing incentives: In exchange for preparedness activities such as mandating stronger building codes, establishing a disaster savings fund, and using tax incentives for mitigation, states would be eligible for more federal funds to rebuild roads and schools after a flood. States that don't take action would shoulder more recovery costs. FEMA sought public comment on its proposal earlier this year, and the new FEMA administrator, Brock Long, recently indicated support for the concept.
Research shows that mitigation measures save $4 for every $1 invested. Nevertheless, from 2005 to 2014, the federal government spent $277 billion on disaster assistance but far less—just $600 million—on a FEMA-run program that helps communities make improvements to better withstand future storms. It is now extending disaster assistance to communities affected by Irma and hurricanes Harvey and Maria. Damage and economic costs from all three storms are estimated to exceed $250 billion.
There has never been a greater need for communities all over the country to plan and prepare for their next flood event. Hurricane season continues through November, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has predicted as many as 19 named storms in the Atlantic. Irma demonstrated that Florida is in the crosshairs, but it's not alone.
With a solution already on the table, the federal government should advance the state preparation credit proposal to help create safer, less vulnerable communities from Florida to Washington state.
Laura Lightbody directs The Pew Charitable Trusts' flood-prepared communities initiative.
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Monday, May 5, 2014
The Word Remains Forever: Day 7
I Peter 1: 10-12 - Concerning this salvation, the prophets, who spoke of the grace that was to come to you, searched intently and with the greatest care, trying to find out the time and circumstances to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing when he predicted the sufferings of the Messiah and the glories that would follow. It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves but you, when they spoke of the things that have now been told you by those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven. Even angels long to look into these things.God is not silent. Ours is a God who communicates with us. In the Old Testament, He spoke by the prophets. In our time, the time of the New Testament, He speaks to us through His Son, Jesus Christ (Hebrews 1:1-2). This does not mean that Jesus shows up and speaks to us face to face. Rather, God communicates with us through His Word in its written (the Bible), proclaimed (preaching), and sacramental (Baptism, the Lord's Supper) forms. And He has one topic He is particularly chatty about: Christ's work for your salvation!
As soon as Adam and Eve were deceived into rebelling against God, He began talking about the coming of Jesus, telling the serpent that the Messiah would crush His head (Genesis 3:15). He promised Abraham a descendant who would be a blessing to the nations (Genesis 12:3). Moses promised a prophet greater than himself who would speak God's Word (Deuteronomy 18:15-20). King David wrote Psalms describing the sacrificial death of our Lord in great detail (for example: Psalm 22). The prophets, like Isaiah, predicted the sufferings and glories of our Lord roughly 700 years before Jesus was born of Mary (Isaiah 52:13-53:12). So accurate were Isaiah's prophesies that they read like eyewitness accounts.
All of this, Peter tells us, was about Jesus. Also, it was all in service to you! In the Old Testament, God is like a father who could not bear keeping a marvelous surprise a secret from His children. So, He kept dropping hints and giving signs of the coming salvation. You and I are the children who have received the gift of Jesus whom God the Holy Spirit has been talking about all along! Sounds like a great topic of conversation for you to have with a friend!
+PRAYER+Father, I praise you that you have not been silent about your Son, whom you sent for my salvation. You have spoken forgiveness and faith into my heart through your Word. Forgive me for not attending to what you have to say more faithfully. Teach me to listen with ears of faith. AMEN!
*The symbol on the top of this devotional stands for "Verbum Domini Manet in Aeternum." It is a Latin phrase which means "The Word of the Lord endures forever." This phrase, based on I Peter 1:24-25, served as the battle cry of the Lutheran reformers as it reminded them that God's Word alone was sufficient to teach them God's will. The symbol was on flags, banners, uniforms, and even swords as a sign of unity among those who suffered for confessing their faith in Christ alone. *
Pastor Bob
Labels: word-remains-forever


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When news began to flash across the airways Friday, December 14, that a tragedy was taking place in Newtown, CT, the magnitude and the heartbreak of this violent and insane action began to sink in. Twenty of the 26 lost lives were six- and seven-year-old children dying from multiple gun shots from an assault/combat rifle.
This incident caused me to pause and relook at what to write for this end-of-year/looking-forward-to-the-future column, especially in terms of the tragedies in Minneapolis' African American communities in terms of education, jobs, housing and getting caught holding the bag to pay for a stadium neither the state nor city can afford.
In terms of school shootings, we remember Virginia Tech; Minnesota's Red Lake Indian Reservation; Springfield, OR; Columbine, CO; Jonesboro, AR; Blacksburg, VA.; and 1927 Michigan: 45 killed, mostly children. Recent school killings have also been in Norway; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and Sana'a, Yemen. Fifteen hundred children die in America yearly from abuse and neglect, over 3,000 a year in gun-related deaths, and more than 1,000 killed in auto crashes, not to mention the "death at an early age" mentally of millions of students due to bad schools.
Even though rifle-bearing cowards will be judged by a force more powerful than any of us, we are still left with the difficult task of explaining to parents the deaths of their six- and seven-year-olds. In the meantime, the "don't let a crisis go unexploited" politics unfolds, as right and left square off to discuss gun control and assault/combat rifles, mental health, the NRA, gun registration and who should or should not be armed.
The trauma, murder and mayhem of these events and debates will fade in memory. Then, back to business as usual. America, as tribes and nations before it throughout recorded history, carved out and supported doctrines of "by any means necessary," including taking of land from indigenous people (a history shared by all around the world, including those who did the same to those they in turn had conquered). It is a doctrine of supremacy by force of arms to hold what is assumed an inalienable right of might rather than a shared right of all.
Once again, it will be extremely
difficult for an honest consensus-
building discussion on the use of
guns and violence in America.
As President Barack Obama pointed out in a memorial service Sunday evening in Newtown, CT, assault/combat rifle availability and the mentally ill minds who believe this to be an acceptable rite of passage must be dealt with. Once again, it will be extremely difficult for an honest consensus-building discussion on the use of guns and violence in America.
Parents in Chicago this past summer felt the same sense of frustration, anger and heartbreak as their children died on Chicago streets, as in other highly populated African American cities, though not well covered in the media. We need serious dialogue from those fighting for and against the right to be armed.
It is no accident that United States senators — Democrats and Republicans — were slow to speak out or appear on television-interview programs to defend their doctrine of the right to bear arms at any cost. So just how committed is the nation to seek a solution?
In many cities and hamlets there are those who have lost a loved one to violence in America, who, for decades, have sought serious discussions. Will contemporary school shootings join the gun battles of the Old West and Prohibition as appropriate for new acts of violence, or be dealt with?
Tragedies? The real tragedies on the national level are the 25 percent Black unemployment (50 percent among Black youth), 50 percent Black high school dropout rates, and inner-city substandard housing, as they are reflections of national policies compounded by local ones.
We would like to see an emphasis on the greater tragedies of the failure to deal effectively with education, jobs, and housing for African Americans, at the root of which is the state and city refusing to comply with known laws that could help prevent tragedies like shootings. We invite the reader to consider the columns and solution papers on our website, www.TheMinneapolisStory.com, as pathways to dealing with the tragedies of Minneapolis: failing to provide the best in education, jobs, and housing for African Americans, including the added tragedy of letting the "people's stadium" funding prevent social stabilization and fairness for the people by diverting dollars away from education, jobs and housing, which we'll address over the coming year.
Stay tuned.
Ron Edwards hosts "Black Focus" on Channel 17, MTN-TV, Sundays, 5-6 pm, and hosts Blog Talk Radio's "Black Focus V" on Sundays, 3-3:30 pm and Thursdays, 7-8:30 pm, providing coverage about Black Minnesota. Order his books at www.BeaconOnTheHill.com. Hear his readings and read his columns, blog, and solution papers for community planning and development, at www.TheMinneapolisStory.com. Columns are archived at www.theminneapolisstory.com/tocarchives.htm.
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Today's post is about what I think is the best way to apply gel to curly hair. As it can be quite a challenge to get my curls to clump properly, I had to experiment a bit until I found the best way to apply gel without destroying my clumps.
I mostly either use the MopTop anti-frizz gel or the KCCC as my styler to get frizz-free curls. It doesn't really matter exactly what styler you're using, the technique to apply it stays the same. What's more important, is the styler working for your curls!
What to do before applying your styler
Before I apply gel to my curls, I first shampoo and finger-comb them while they're soaking wet and covered in conditioner. From this point on forward, I don't finger-comb or rake my curls anymore, not even when I rinse my conditioner or when I finally apply gel to my curls. After rinsing the conditioner, I apply the gel when my curls are still super wet – I want them to still be soaking wet when I cover them with styler (I don't scrunch before adding styler)
How to apply gel to curly hair without destroying clumps
Since I've often talked about my routine, I didn't only take photos to explain how I apply gel to my curls, but I also did a short video, in which you can see exactly how I apply it.
Let's start with the pictures:
Watch the following video to see how exactly I apply the styler to my curls:
As soon as my curls don't release anymore water, I finish my washing routine by plopping and then diffusing my curls. The way I'm adding styler to my curls also is a part of my washing routine to get great clumps – you can read my whole article about clumping on naturallycurly.com!


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Image credit: Courtesy of Fred Siesel, Weeden & Co., "The May Day Countdown Calendar," 1975
By Jason Zweig | 9:00 am ET May 1, 2015
Today's "Intelligent Investor" column marks the 40th anniversary of May Day, when the Securities and Exchange Commission abolished fixed-rate commissions on stock trading—perhaps the most transformative event on Wall Street since 1792.
After all, for 183 years commissions had been non-negotiable—and for more than 40 years, ever since its creation in 1933, the SEC had been functioning like a public-utility commission, approving the rates that customers had to pay.
Finally, in the late 1960s, regulators began suggesting that fixed rates should be abolished—and met with vehement opposition from Wall Street. "Unregulated commission rates would seriously weaken the Exchange, undermine the stability of the securities industry and greatly reduce established safeguards for the protection of investors," thundered New York Stock Exchange president Robert Haack in 1968. (Mr. Haack later changed his mind.)
Meanwhile, investors were fleeing the stock market. The total number of individual holders of corporate stock and mutual funds fell to 25.3 million in 1975 from 30.8 million in 1970. In the 1960s, individuals made up well over half of trading volume on the NYSE; by 1975 they accounted for less than 30%. In response to the demands for lower commissions, the NYSE asked to raise them instead, and the SEC approved the increase in September 1973—but then dropped a bomb. As a precondition for approving the rate increase, the SEC ordered that fixed commissions be abolished as of May 1, 1975.
The brokerage industry was furious, lobbying Congress, threatening to sue and mocking the idea that competition could be good for investors. The very term May Day was popularized on Wall Street because it evoked the international distress signal for sinking ships and the international workers' day celebrated by socialists and communists. The irony was exquisite: People who called themselves capitalists were complaining that regulators finally wanted to stop regulating the most fundamental aspect of their business.
"The boys in the club, they fought it like hell," recalls Wayne Wagner, then a partner at the investment-research firm Wilshire Associates. "They pulled out everything they could think of to try to short-circuit the change."
"In the heart of capitalism, they wanted to sustain a monopoly," recalls Charles Schwab, founder of the discount brokerage. "If you have a monopoly, you think the worst thing that can happen is to have it overturned."
"People spoke to what they believed was their own self-interest when they didn't even realize they were wrong about what was in their best interest," says John Bogle, founder of Vanguard Group. Until commissions were deregulated that day, he adds, "It was fixed-rate capitalism, not competitive capitalism." (By coincidence, Vanguard officially says it began operations on May 1, 1975, although Mr. Bogle dates its launch to September 1974.)
Mr. Wagner says he came into work early on May 1, 1975, to sit at Wilshire's trading desk and see what would happen. "And the phone started to ring," he recalls, "and the question was always the same: 'What's your rate?' And our answer was always the same: 'What do you want it to be?'"
"One of the great ironies is that the moving force behind May Day was institutional clients who felt they weren't getting economies of scale," says trading-cost expert Ananth Madhavan, global head of research for iShares, a division of BlackRock. "But the biggest beneficiaries have been retail investors." Analysts of transaction costs say many big institutional traders today face higher costs per share than retail investors do.
May Day, and the technological innovations that came in its wake, cut the costs of trading drastically and democratized investing as no single event before or since has done.
But Wall Street was dragged into the modern age kicking and screaming. No one—least of all the brokerage industry itself—should forget that.
Note: Fascinating historical documents pertaining to May Day are available for browsing and free download at http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1970/.
Source: WSJ.com, Total Return blog


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Posted on May 21, 2016
When Only The Best Will Do
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Slender mongooses, Galerella sanguinea, are native to the sub-Saharan region of Africa, including the northeastern parts of Namibia and northern and eastern Botswana. (Cavallini, 1992; Graw and Manser, 2017; Ramesh and Downs, 2014; Veron, et al., 2004)
Slender mongooses can be found in habitats with conditions ranging from semi-desert habitats with little vegetative cover to dense woodlands. They nest in covered habitats such as burrows and holes within trees. Slender mongooses can be found on forest edges, along roadways, can co-exist with humans in villages. Elevations ranges from 0 to 2700 m across these habitats. They live in burrows that they dig themselves; however, they more typically make use of an existing burrow. (Cavallini and Nel, 1990a; Cavallini and Nel, 1990b; Cavallini, 1992; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Ramesh and Downs, 2014; Watson, 1990)
On average, adult slender mongooses weigh 490 to 1250 g and their body lengths (not including the tail) are 275 to 400 mm. Male slender mongooses are 9% larger in both mass and body length (560g and 300mm, respectively) than females (490g and 260mm, respectively). Tail lengths are reported as 230 to 330 mm. They have 5 toes each on their front and back feet. Their forefeet are curved and sharp for better foraging as well as fighting predators. Slender mongooses have a dental formula of 3142/3132, totaling 28 teeth.
Coat color ranges from a grizzled yellowish-brown to bright reddish-brown, and their belly color is buff. All individuals have a long and slender dark brown or black-tipped tail. Slender mongoose ears are small and symmetrical to the side of the head. Their eyes have an iris that is bright orange.
Slender mongoose pups weigh approximately 300 g and are approximately 150 mm in length. Their eyes remain closed until they are 3 weeks of age.
They possess anal glands that release a musky smell. Slender mongoose have an average basal metabolic rate of 2.2020 cm3 oxygen/hr. This rate has also been reported as 0.76 cm3/g/hr. (Cavallini, 1992; Do Linh San and Maddock, 2016; Graw and Manser, 2017; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Morely, et al., 2007; Taylor, 1975; Vaughan, 1976; Watson, 1990)
Slender mongooses are promiscuous. Multiple related males have overlapping home ranges and they "share" a group of females among them. This leads to litters with shared, but related, paternities. Male mongooses can tell a female is in estrus due to scent cues, and estrus can last longer than a week. (Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Kingdon, 1977; Schneider and Kappeler, 2013)
Slender mongooses have a seasonal breeding interval, breeding during the short (October and November) and long (February to April) periods of rain. Slender mongoose females typically have 2 pups per litter (range 1 to 4) and 1 to 2 litters per breeding season. The gestation period of slender mongoose ranges from 57 to 65 days.
Slender mongoose pups are born with an average birth weight of 20.2 g. Their eyes remain closed until they are 3 weeks old. They begin to consume solid food at about 28 days, with weaning at 55 days or as late as 71 days.
Slender mongoose pups reach independence from their mothers 70 to 148 days of age. According to Graw and Mander (2017), the age when a female mongoose reaches sexual or reproductive maturity is unclear but could potentially be around 10 months of age due to dispersion, meaning that female mongoose reaches sexual maturity once she has left the "nest". Schneider and Kappeler (2013) report the age of maturity as 12 months. Smaller body size as well as size of testes as yearlings suggests that males do not begin breeding until age 2 (Graw 2017) (Cavallini and Nel, 1990b; Cavallini, 1992; Graw and Manser, 2017; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Kingdon, 1977; Schneider and Kappeler, 2013)
Slender mongoose pups are born in nesting sites that provide sufficient cover (holes in the ground, old termite mounts, hollow tree trunks, etc.). Slender mongoose pups do not begin to leave the nest until 31 to 45 days after birth and at that time it is only to begin foraging with the mother. Male slender mongoose are not involved in pup rearing. Slender mongoose pups have been observed suckling up to 77 days of age, but it's typically 55 days (Graw, 2016). Juvenile pups become independent somewhere between 70 and 148 days, leaving the nest for the first time unaccompanied by mothers. Slender mongoose females are very protective of their young. (Cavallini, 1992; Graw and Manser, 2017; Watson, 1990)
The maximum lifespan of the slender mongoose in the wild is reported at 8 years and the maximum recorded lifespan in captivity was 12.6 years. (Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013)
Slender mongooses are diurnal, actively foraging during the cool parts of the day. Although slender mongooses are mainly terricolous, they are the only species of mongoose in eastern Africa to be arboreal. This skill allows them to prey on nesting birds as well as eggs. When individuals get excited, the hairs on their back and tail mail be raised. They can hiss at one another, as well. When they are disturbed, they are known to stand frozen, either on just their hind legs or on all four.
These mongooses are solitary and rarely travel or live in groups. Male mongooses are the more social of the sexes, known to form loose, non-aggressive associations with as many as four individuals at a time. These males typically are related to one another. Slender mongooses engage in inter-specific behavior and play was initiated between mongoose and several species groups - hyraxes, antelopes, and monkeys.
These mongooses burrow in hollow trees, rocky crevices, and holes in the ground. They can be commonly seeing traveling along roads and other human-made pathways. (Graw and Manser, 2017; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Kingdon, 1977; Taylor, 1975)
Home ranges have been reported as approximately 0.25 to 0.50 square km by Kingdon (1977) and 1 square km by Taylor (1975). Males have larger home ranges than females, but several males commonly have nearly identical, fully-overlapping areas. Female home ranges typically do not overlap. (Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Kingdon, 1977; Taylor, 1975)
Baker (1982) described five vocalizations of slender mongooses: (1) spit and (2) growl which are used when threatening potential predators; (3) snarl which is only used when two individuals approach each other in attack; (4) buzz used only by females when she has found her mate during peak activity periods; and (5) the 'huh-new' which is a distress call. Scent-making using urine as well as anal drags (dragging of the anus across an object with the release of anal secretion) are used for territorial purposes including mate marking. Male slender mongoose may use tactile gestures when they are aggressive and territorial. (Baker, 1982; Graw and Manser, 2017; Schneider and Kappeler, 2013)
Slender mongooses are opportunistic omnivores with a diet primarily consisting of small mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds, fruit, and insects. In one reported study, insects (primarily grasshoppers) were found in 73% of stomachs, lizards in 27%, and mice in 25%. Examples of consumed lizards include southern tree agamas (Acanthocercus atricollis), variable skinks (Trachylepis varia). Mice in the genera (Mastomys) and (Rhabdomys) also were detected. Large creek rats (Pelomys fallax) were also discovered. They can also hunt snakes, and anecdotally have eaten venomous snakes like cobras (Elapidae) and mambas (Dendroaspis).
Slender mongooses prey on birds including white-browed sparrow weavers (Plocepasser mahali), southern pied babblers (Turdoides bicolor), crimson-breasted shrikes (Laniarius atroccineus), and glossy starlings (Lamprotornis nitens). Frogs, fruits, and other seeds that are readily available also are consumed. Slender mongooses may eat bird and reptile eggs.
Slender mongooses store and cache food in burrows for up to several days, especially when caring for young. These mongooses are diurnal foragers that forage primarily mid-morning to late afternoon.
Slender mongooses are versatile and can change their diet depending on habitat and the season. Insects are more commonly consumed in warm, wet months, while lizards and mice are more common in dry, cooler months. (Cavallini and Nel, 1990a; Cavallini and Nel, 1990b; Graw and Manser, 2017; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013; Taylor, 1975; Vaughan, 1976; Watson, 1990)
Slender mongooses have few known predators. Raptors that prey on slender mongooses include African hawk-eagles (Aquila spilogaster), tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), and martial eagles (Polemaetus bellicosus). Larger carnivore predators include lions (Panthera leo), leopards (Panthera pardus), and African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus). According to Baker (1982), slender mongooses will spit, growl, snarl, and buzz when they feel threatened. (Baker, 1982; Cavallini, 1992; Taylor, 1975)
Slender mongooses may disperse seeds through their fecal matter. Slender mongoose have helminth parasites, such as Rictularis myonacis, nematodes from the genera Riticularia, Filaroides, Travassopirura and Oxinema, and cestodes such as Mathevotaenia herpestis and Mathevotaenia ichneumonitis. Protozoan parasites include those in the genus Babesia. Arthropod parasites including fleas (Echidnophaga bradyta, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Pulex irritans, Ctenocephalides felis, Synosternus burtoni, Listropsylla agrippinae) and ticks (Haemaphysalis spinulosa, Haemaphysalis zumpti, Haemaphysalis subterra, Ixodes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus zambeziensis, and Laelaps liberiensis). (Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013)
Slender mongooses are sold in bush-meat markets in areas of sub-Saharan Africa as well as being used in traditional forms of medicines. (Do Linh San and Maddock, 2016; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013)
Slender mongooses are carriers of rabies that could infect humans or domesticated animals. They also carry the antibodies for a tick (Dermatacentroxenus akari) which causes a tick-borne disease, rickettsial pox. (Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013)
Slender mongooses are listed as a species of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. They have no special status through CITES, US Federal, or the state of Michigan list. Threats to slender mongoose are human in origin and include collection for use in medicine and sale on the bushmeat market. However, their strong odor has been said to discourage their collection and use as bush meat. These mongoose are widespread and considered one of the most common mongoose in Africa. Therefore, no conservation measures are in place. (Do Linh San and Maddock, 2016; Hoffmann and Taylor, 2013)
Katelynn Webb (author), Radford University, Alex Atwood (editor), Radford University, Karen Powers (editor), Radford University, Joshua Turner (editor), Radford University, Tanya Dewey (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
living in sub-Saharan Africa (south of 30 degrees north) and Madagascar.
uses sound to communicate
Referring to an animal that lives in trees; tree-climbing.
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
an animal that mainly eats meat
either directly causes, or indirectly transmits, a disease to a domestic animal
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
having markings, coloration, shapes, or other features that cause an animal to be camouflaged in its natural environment; being difficult to see or otherwise detect.
in deserts low (less than 30 cm per year) and unpredictable rainfall results in landscapes dominated by plants and animals adapted to aridity. Vegetation is typically sparse, though spectacular blooms may occur following rain. Deserts can be cold or warm and daily temperates typically fluctuate. In dune areas vegetation is also sparse and conditions are dry. This is because sand does not hold water well so little is available to plants. In dunes near seas and oceans this is compounded by the influence of salt in the air and soil. Salt limits the ability of plants to take up water through their roots.
a substance used for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease
animals that use metabolically generated heat to regulate body temperature independently of ambient temperature. Endothermy is a synapomorphy of the Mammalia, although it may have arisen in a (now extinct) synapsid ancestor; the fossil record does not distinguish these possibilities. Convergent in birds.
parental care is carried out by females
A substance that provides both nutrients and energy to a living thing.
forest biomes are dominated by trees, otherwise forest biomes can vary widely in amount of precipitation and seasonality.
an animal that mainly eats fruit
an animal that mainly eats seeds
An animal that eats mainly plants or parts of plants.
An animal that eats mainly insects or spiders.
offspring are produced in more than one group (litters, clutches, etc.) and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Iteroparous animals must, by definition, survive over multiple seasons (or periodic condition changes).
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
an animal that mainly eats all kinds of things, including plants and animals
the kind of polygamy in which a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females.
communicates by producing scents from special gland(s) and placing them on a surface whether others can smell or taste them
breeding is confined to a particular season
remains in the same area
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
lives alone
places a food item in a special place to be eaten later. Also called "hoarding"
living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns.
uses touch to communicate
that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle).
Living on the ground.
defends an area within the home range, occupied by a single animals or group of animals of the same species and held through overt defense, display, or advertisement
uses sight to communicate
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female.
Baker, C. 1982. Methods of communication exhibited by captive slender mongooses Herpestes sanguineus. South African Journal of Zoology, 17/3: 143-146.
Cavallini, P. 1992. Herpestes pulverulentus. Mammalian Species, 409: 1-4.
Cavallini, P., J. Nel. 1990. Ranging behaviour of the Cape grey mongoose Galerella pulverulenta in a coastal area. Journal of Zoology, 222/3: 353-362.
Cavallini, P., J. Nel. 1990. The feeding ecology of the Cape grey mongoose, Galerella pulverulenta (Wagner 1839) in a coastal area. African Journal of Ecology, 28/2: 123-130.
Do Linh San, E., A. Maddock. 2016. "Herpestes sanguineus" (On-line). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e. T41606A45206143. Accessed November 06, 2017 at http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/41606/0.
Durant, S., M. Craft, C. Foley, K. Hampson, A. Lobora, M. Msuha, E. Eblate, J. Bukombe, J. Mchetto, N. Pettorelli. 2010. Does size matter? An investigation of habitat use across a carnivore assemblage in the Serengeti, Tanzania. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79/5: 1012-1022.
Graw, B., M. Manser. 2017. Life history patterns and biology of the slender mongoose (Galerella sanguinea) in the Kalahari Desert. Journal of Mammalogy, 98/2: 332-338.
Hoffmann, M., M. Taylor. 2013. Herpestes sanguineus: Slender mongoose. Pp. pp.314-319 in J Kingdon, M Hoffmann, eds. The Mammals of Africa. Volume V: Carnivores, Pangolins, Equids, Rhinoceroses, 1st Edition. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Kingdon, J. 1977. East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part A. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Maddock, A. 1998. Resource Partitioning in a Viverrid Assemblage (PhD Dissertation). Glenwood, Durban, South Africa: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Natal.
Morely, C., P. McLenachan, P. Lockhart. 2007. Evidence for the presence of a second species of mongoose in the Fiji Islands. Pacific Conservation Biology, 13/1: 29-34.
Preatoni, D., C. Fernandes. 2006. Species richness and habitat use of small carnivores in the Arusha National Park (Tanzania). Biodiversity and Conservation, 15/5: 1729-1744.
Ramesh, T., C. Downs. 2014. Original investigation: Modelling large spotted genet (Genetta tigrina) and slender mongoose (Galerella sanguinea) occupancy in a heterogeneous landscape of South Africa. Mammalian Biology, 79/5: 331-337.
Rathbun, G., T. Cowley. 2008. Behavioural ecology of the black mongoose (Galerella nigrata) in Namibia. Mammalian Biology, 73/6: 444-450.
Schneider, T., P. Kappeler. 2013. Social systems and life-history characteristics of mongooses. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 89/1: 173-198.
Taylor, M. 1975. Herpestes sanguineus. Mammalian Species, 65: 1-5.
VanderPost, C. 2007. Geographic prospects for large-scale African mammal wildlife conservation. GeoJournal, 69/7: 223-237.
Vaughan, T. 1976. Feeding behavior of the slender mongoose. Journal of Mammalogy, 57/2: 390-391.
Veron, G., M. Colyn, A. Dunham, P. Taylor, P. Gaubert. 2004. Molecular systematics and origin of sociality in mongooses (Herpestidae, Carnivora). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30/3: 528-598.
Watson, J. 1990. The taxonomic status of the slender mongoose, Galerella sanguinea (Riippell, 1836), in southern Africa. Navorsinge van die Nasionale Museum, 6/10: 367-370.
Weigl, R. 2005. Longevity of Mammals in Captivity from the Living Collections of the World. Stuttgart, Germany: Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe 48.


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Week of October 4, 2010
By Dana Byerly, Hello Race Fans Co-founder
In a weekend packed with a head spinning 20 graded races it's easy to overlook some interesting performances. Clearly the standout story of the weekend was Zenyatta extending her flawless campaign to 19-0 in her last race in front of her adoring home crowd. But several other performances deserve to be highlighted as well. Also at Hollywood Park was Jaycito in the Norfolk, who went four wide the entire race and still had enough for a strong finish over the favored J P's Gusto. Hibaayeb made a useful first start in the US winning the Yellow Ribbon Stakes.
At Belmont Park it was Winchester who came on late to win the Joe Hirsch Turf Classic Invitation but fans of Paddy O'Prado had to be happy with his first effort against older males, stretching out over the soft going for a respectable second. Haynesfield pulled the shocker of the weekend wiring the Jockey Club Gold Cup with Blame now where to be found, although members of Team Blame have to be happy with his potential odds come Breeders' Cup day. Blind Luck's second to Havre de Grace can also be filed under "respectable second" as she showed up with usual race but just didn't get there in time in the Cotillion at Parx.
Two other Breeders' Cup Classic hopefuls put in solid performances. Both Lookin at Lucky in the Indiana Derby and Richard's Kid in the Goodwood looked strong in victory and will likely go on to the Classic. On Sunday Air Support survived an inquiry to win the Pilgrim at Belmont Park over favored Soldat, Winter Memories unleashed a furious run to win the Miss Grillo and Tizway took the reformatted Kelso while heavily favored Regal Ransom was off the board. Fortunately for Godolphin, Girolamo made a return to form in the Vosburgh and will point towards the Breeders' Cup Sprint. At Hollywood Park overwhelming favorite Tell a Kelly was another who notched a respectable second as she was game in defeat to impressive longshot Rigoletta in the Oak Leaf Stakes.
There were plenty of retirements this past week, most notably reigning Horse of the Year Rachel Alexandra. You can grab her lifetime past performances, see replays and images here. Veteran turfer Grand Courtier was also retired last week with an ankle issue and it looks as though champion turf mare Forever Together will be retired after her disappointing performance in the Flower Bowl. Graded stakes winner Don't Forget Gil was also quietly retired last week. And finally, Kentucky Derby and Preakness winner Real Quiet died this week after a freak paddock accident.
This week at HRF we'll take a look at how thinking like a sports fan can have a negative impact on your bottom line, and feature the Frizette Stakes in Ten Things You Should Know. At Raceday 360 it was a whirlwind of posts about Rachel's retirement, Super Saturday and Zenyatta. Keep up with what this week as to offer!
Last Week's Races
2010 Flower Bowl Invitational Replay
2010 Joe Hirsch Turf Classic Invitational Replay
2010 Jockey Club Gold Cup Replay
2010 Indiana Oaks Replay
2010 Indiana Derby Replay
2010 Goodwood Replay
2010 l'Arc de Triomphe Replay
2010 Pilgrim Stakes Replay
2010 Miss Grillo Stakes Replay
2010 Clement Hirsch Stakes Replay
Check probable starters at Horse Racing Nation's Stakes Tracker
See you at the track!
Stay in the loop, subscribe to HRF this Week


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Cultural Leadership Exchanges – occurring during each spring and summer break – run one to eight weeks in length. Teachers and students travel throughout the West Coast and nation, meeting with educators, civic and cultural groups, municipalities, Native Nations, and business groups.
Recent Cultural Leadership Exchange examples include:
Tribal Canoe Journeys: Teachers and students were invited by the Quinault Indian Nation to spend two weeks as volunteers, helping prepare for and participate in hosting over ten thousand visitors to the Quinault Nation. Students learned about sovereignty, the struggle to maintain culture, and the role of inter-generational relations.
Gratitude for Peace Tour: Teachers and students traveled for four weeks to over fifty towns and cities between Washington, Oregon and California. They hosted over twenty public events, met with Congressional members, school and business groups, tribal nations, cultural groups, the press, and others to thank them for their roles promoting peace and understanding.
For more information or to register, please contact Dr. Nyla Rosen at 253 508 3250 or email@example.com.


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They arrive in Svalbard after one sticks his head out of a plane, causing the resulting suction to send them plummeting 10,000 meters into a glacier they demolish a hefty portion of. So, yeah, they merit a place somewhere in the ranks of Svalbard's most clueless tourists in recent years.
After surviving that fall, it's not surprising the scoundrels known as Sval and Bard manage to live through polar bear maulings, burial in the droppings of a thousand seabirds, crashing through gift stores on a snowmobile at high speed and getting stranded in winter storms with shelter.
Their hijinks, captured in a series of ten short stop-motion videos that will be available online and shown at various locations around Longyearbyen, are intended to show visitors the consequences of violating a list of ten common sense regulations in Svalbard.
One of the first two episodes, available at the project's Facebook page, shows the pair drinking heavily in a tent and tossing their bottles and other trash into a giant pile outside the tent. They then decide it'd be fun to set the pile on fire and resume drinking in their tent, only to have an drifting ember ignite and destroy the tent faster than you can say "cheers." Despite still clutching mugs of beer, their merriment in the open winter night is short-lived.
"In this case we started with a real situation," said Daniele Di Domenico, the director of the series, during a presentation and advance screening of several episodes this week at The University Centre in Svalbard. "It's very common for people to build a trash pile on the ground and burn it. We thought what would be the negative consequences?"
The episodes combine real backdrops of Svalbard with stop-motion characters, buildings and props (no chance that Darth Vader helmet Sval and Bard try to put on a polar bear will attract lawyers as well as the police).
Di Domenico said production involved a lengthy process of shooting photos and video in Svalbard, often coming up with creative ways to depict misbehavior such as a first-person view of a snowmobile zipping through the center of Longyearbyen at high speeds, followed by extensive work at his studio in Italy.
"The first step is the screenplay, the story writing, and then we work on the storyboard," he said. After that comes an animated storyboard consisting of black and white sketches to determine the exact timing and length of each scene, which he said is critical before shooting the final footage.
Di Domenico said the idea for the series came when he saw the common sense rules, provided by Visit Svalbard, while working with a colleague on another different project here in 2011 since "rules sometimes – or always – can be boring."
The project was funded with a grant from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund, although Di Domenico said that turned out to be about a quarter of what they normally would need.
"Most people would give up at that point, but three or four of us put our efforts in for free," he said.


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The majority of Byzantine seals feature an image of a religious figure. The choice of figure was often related in some way to the owner of the seal. Soldiers tended to choose military saints, priests ecclesiastical saints, and monks monastic saints. It was quite common to choose your namesake, and later on, a family saint. Often the image would be accompanied by an invocation either to the saint, to Christ, or to the Mother of God asking for protection. Imperial seals are no different; the vast majority feature a religious image on one side, and sometimes on both sides. The iconography of the imperial seals is less varied than that of personal seals. In many ways, this reflects the universality underpinning the ideology of the imperial office. However, there are changes and these are significant for our understanding of the imperial place in the divine order and the emperors' relationships with the Christian Church. Over time the emperors changed their divine associate from a pagan goddess to a Christian angel, then to the Mother of God before discarding images altogether and then finally settling on Christ. The Ruler of All on the obverse mirrored his earthly representative on the reverse. The propaganda value of religious iconography is every bit as important and powerful as the depiction of the emperor. After all, the emperor had a unique relationship with the divine—he alone was divinely appointed and acted as the temporal representative of God on earth. It should come as no surprise that the emperor is the only individual in Byzantine history to be shown standing next to a divine figure on his seals. This section of the exhibition traces the developments of the religious iconography employed by the Byzantine emperors on their seals.
The Court of Heaven


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As Paramount Pictures readies the May 8 release of its "Star Trek" franchise relaunch, the studio is moving forward with a sequel, and has hired Roberto Orci, Alex Kurtzman and Damon Lindelof to pen the screenplay, reports the trades
According the trades, J.J. Abrams, who directed and produced the latest chapter, is onboard to produce the follow-up alongside his Bad Robot partner Bryan Burk. No decision has been made yet on whether Abrams will return behind the camera for the sequel.
Orci, Kurtzman and Lindelof also are receiving producing credit on the sequel.
Story is still in the embryonic stage, but the trio are aiming to deliver their script to the Melrose studio by Christmas for what would likely be a summer 2011 release.
"There's obviously a lot of hubris involved in signing on to write a sequel of a movie that hasn't even come out yet," said Lindelof, co-creator with Abrams of ABC's "Lost" who produced the upcoming "Trek" but did not contribute to Orci and Kurtzman's screenplay. "But we're so excited about the first one that we wanted to proceed."
As for potential storylines, Kurtzman stressed that the writing team will wait to take a cue from fan reaction about which direction to go.
"Obviously we discussed ideas, but we are waiting to see how audiences respond next month," he said. "With a franchise rebirth, the first movie has to be about origin. But with a second, you have the opportunity to explore incredibly exciting things. We'll be ambitious about what we'll do."
Though Orci and Kurtzman have worked together as a writing team for more than 12 years, the duo has worked with Lindelof on only one screenplay: DreamWorks' "Cowboys and Aliens," which they are currently writing together.
Paramount has high hopes for the "Star Trek" relaunch, and is pulling out all the stops on the marketing front. Studio began a full-scale campaign six months before the film's May bow.


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With radio, the listener absorbs everything.
Meanwhile, the meek are a long time inheriting the earth.
When Solomon said there was a time and a place for everything he had not encountered the problem of parking his automobile.
It's also a more personal medium. It seems to go directly to one's brain. There are no pictures to distract.
One trouble with being efficient is that it makes everybody hate you so.
The difference between a friend and an acquaintance is that a friend helps; an acquaintance merely advises.
At a tiny station in New Albany, Indiana, which is right across from the river from Louisville, Kentucky, where I grew up. The Louisville stations were loath to hire beginners, so I had to go across the river.
I'm a very straight-laced, conservative news kind of guy.
Public radio has always been so powerless.
If blue collar jobs are leaving and white collar jobs are outsourced what color collar jobs are left?
Soon it will be a sin of parents to have a child that carries the heavy burden of genetic disease. We are entering a world where we have to consider the quality of our children.
Some are pre-taped interviews because maybe we can't get that person live or maybe we're not sure it's going to work out right so we tape it an hour in advance.
The radio was my pal. I was just crazy about it.
That's the problem with news interviews, you work your tail off to get prominent figures in the news on the radio, but once they've been on, the event passes, the urgency, the issues you talked about evaporate.
In college, I got interested in news because the world was coming apart. The civil rights movement, the antiwar movement, the women's right movement. That focused my radio ambitions toward news.
I've never been able to predict the future of anything.
I'm still excited at being at a microphone and talking to listeners. I love that. It's the most basic element of what I do and I still enjoy it very much.
I used to listen to the soap operas with my grandmother.
I go home by noon, and I'm in bed by 6 p.m. I get up at 1 and do it again.
I was encouraged to read aloud in class and vocalize.
Any outfit that has to beg its listeners for money is an organization that has to constantly please its listeners or it will dry up and go away. It shouldn't work when you think about it.
But when you see personal artifacts relating to - by genealogy at least - a living human being, it was just more impressive to me than just about anything I've ever read about slavery before.
Nobody cares about your wardrobe, what your tie looks like, or even if you're wearing one, and I don't.
People are always ready to admit a man's ability after he gets there.
I wake about 1 a.m. I'm in the office by 2 a.m. We're on the air at 5.
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Coffee cupping is the objective evaluation of sensory characteristics and quality in coffee. It is the basis of specialty coffee trade value and recorded on a coffee cupping form or scoresheet.
Stock up on cupping supplies from Prima Coffee.
The links below are to popular scoresheets and their respective protocols:
Updated Coronavirus COVID-19 Cupping Protocol
SCA New coronavirus COVID19 cupping protocol posters
Trish Rothgeb demonstrates new coronavirus cupping protocol
Washed Arabica SCAA Cupping Forms
Specialty Coffee Association Scoresheet
SCAA Cupping Form 2011 –
current (Excel template)
SCAA Cupping Form 2011 – current PDF
SCA cupping protocols (from SCA(A).org website)
Cup of Excellence Scoresheet
Cup of Excellence Cupping Form
Electronic Coffee Cupping Scoresheet Apps
Catador, an independently developed electronic version of the SCA scoresheet, for iPhone, iPad and Android that follows SCA Arabica and UCDA Robusta protocols. Read my review of Catador here.
Cropster Cup
Cropster Cup can be used independent from Cropster's other roast and quality management system. The app is free and connects with your online Cropster account. Cropster Cup for Android, Cropster Cup for iPhone
Tastify is a web-based system for one or more cuppers to collaborative log cupping data in an independent online system. Tastify generates attractive visual cupping reports of each sample to visualize sensory characteristics.
Other Forms
Arabica Naturals Cupping Form
Naturals Cupping Form – 1st Draft – Dec '09
Robusta Cupping Forms
Uganda Coffee Development Authority Robusta scoresheet
Robusta Cupping Form – 7th Draft – June 2010
Specialty Robusta cupping protocols
Also see new coronavirus cupping protocols above


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Sales tax ID in accordance with §27 a sales tax law
Manuela Feyder: Der Rote Drache Fotografie
Training: INM – Institut für Neue Medien, Frankfurt am Main
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The contents of our website were created with great care. However, we cannot guarantee that all such contents are accurate, complete and up to date. As a service provider, and in accordance with § 7 Abs.1 TMG, we are in alignment with general legislation which governs maintaining our own personally generated content for this website. However, in accordance with §§ 8 to 10 TMG, we are neither held liable for the monitoring, transferring, or saving of such content by third parties, nor are we required to investigate or research the circumstances surrounding the violation of such activities. Obligations to remove or prevent the use of information according to general law are unaffected by this. A liability in this regard only occurs after clear and concrete evidence of a violation of the law. Upon clear and concrete evidence of such violation of the law, all contents in question will be immediately removed.
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In Istanbul I met a blushing guy
whose Turkish skin I knew from Amsterdam:
plagued by Dutch winters, meeker than a lamb
he came back to this airport each July.
He said, as we went in the same direction:
'The Dutch regard this land as Oriental
but Arab tourists call it Occidental –
the Bosporus provides the intersection.'
While we were looking for a customs clerk, he
hang on to me like something from his past
while scorning Turkish vendors and exchangers
and side by side we passed the gates of Turkey
where threads of golden ages were amassed
"Goodbye" he said at last, for we were strangers.
Lennard van Rij


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Analysis of Rocket Projectiles from WTC2
I have uploaded to YouTube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvw0_i1rGns) an analysis of the acceleration of a projectile that races ahead of the surrounding falling debris. I had discussed this object before but due to the difficulty caused by a moving camera I had not previously measured the motion directly.
The object (apparently a perimeter wall unit) raced ahead of its neighboring debris, but its acceleration was about 1/3 of gravity. This is an indication that it was kicked downward initially by an explosion, after which the air resistance partially canceled the effect of gravity as it approached terminal velocity. As it fell, however, there was an outburst of white smoke, at which point the projectile changed directions, slightly, and accelerated downward for about a half second at 1.5 times gravity. It then fell back to continued acceleration a little under 1 g.
The acceleration of the projectile is unambiguous proof that very energetic material was applied to the wall unit. What I found particularly surprising is that the ignition of the material in an unconfined space where it was free to expand three dimensionally would provide sufficient thrust due to expanding gasses alone to cause what was probably a 4-ton wall unit to accelerate 50% faster than gravity. The fact that the unit continued to accelerate close to freefall thereafter is an indication of an ongoing thrust capable of largely canceling the effect of air resistance.
South Tower: Exploding Projectile
A close-up view of debris being ejected from the South Tower of the World Trade Center as the 30-floor top section falls to the east shows numerous smoking projectiles that look like comets. Several of them can be seen to explode. One such exploding projectile is followed here. It ejects two fragments, both of which undergo secondary explosions. (Note, the rising fragment to the left of the projectile under consideration appears to be a tumbling object that alternates from black to white to invisible. It passes behind one of the fragments described in the video.)
--David Chandler
South Tower Smoking Guns (Follow-up)
Near the end of the video I posted yesterday I pointed out a projectile that changed directions midair while trailing white smoke. After finding that projectile, I looked for it in other videos of the WTC2 collapse. I found a video from a similar point of view to the first (and Nate found me a high-res version of it), except in this video the trail can be followed all the way to the bottom of the collapse. This follow-up video explores the significance of this find.
South Tower Smoking Guns -- A new AE911Truth YouTube video by David Chandler
This view of the destruction of the South Tower of the World Trade Center displays a remarkable number of features that support the interpretation that it was destroyed by explosives. I want to acknowledge the tremendous service provided by Nate Flach who serves as the defacto "video archivist" for AE911Truth. He is the one who first called this video to my attention, because of the huge number of simultaneous squibs on the west side of the building above the impact point.


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For over forty years, Rob Caughlan has been creating media campaigns focused on saving endangered wildlife, reducing motorcycle fatalities, and championing environmental protections. He has also worked to elect politicians invested in good, productive government and to generate fanfare for the commendable efforts and achievements of recognized corporate leaders.
As an activist, Caughlan co-founded Friends of the River. The Surfrider Foundation elected him to be their first president which turned into six terms. During his tenure he acted as their plaintiff and won, in terms of violations, the largest victory for clean water in American history.
Originally, his national political activism began alongside the late David Oke with efforts to impeach Richard Nixon. They were having so much fun with the projects that they decided to start the Roanoke Company, an advertising and public relations firm that specialized in "good deeds" media.
Caughlan was Senior Vice President of the Roanoke Company for thirty-three years. The company managed a decade-long media campaign for the California Highway Patrol motorcycle safety program. Their ads helped reduce the motorcycle fatality rate in California by 70%. They also won a contract with the California Department of Fish and Game to promote to its Endangered Species Preservation Program. They worked on that account for six years and during those years they raised $7 million for the program.
Rob Caughlan has also been involved at varying levels making films that focus on the environment, including: the effects of a growing population (Future in the Cradle), global environmental issues (Voice of the Planet), and the need for solar energy (Solar Energy - The Great Adventure).
More recently, he received rave reviews for the documentary Pete McCloskey: Leading from the Front which he both directed and produced; it aired on 180 television stations around the country.
Rob Caughlan's devotion to public service has also been recognized with an Outstanding Citizen award given to him by the city of San Mateo, California where he has been a lifelong resident.
He started surfing when he was fifteen.
He's still surfing.
"Riding with the easy grace of a man who has caught thousands of waves, the silver-haired surfer seems at home in the ocean.
He rides with the manner of a matador gracefully facing a charging bull..."
- Half Moon Bay Review