text:
WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center
Gold Line Telemanagement Inc. v. SquareBox Entertainment
Case No. D2002-1102
1. The Parties
The Complainant is Gold Line Telemanagement Inc. of Ontario, Canada, a Canadian corporation, represented by W. Brad Hanna of McMillan Binch LLP of Toronto, Canada.
The Respondent is SquareBox Entertainment with a post box address in Nassau, Bahamas.
2. The Domain Name and Registrar
The domain name at issue is <goldlinegroup.com>.
The Registrar is iHoldings.com Inc. d/b/a DotRegistrar.com, of Maimi, Florida, United States of America.
3. Procedural History
The Complaint was received in hard copy on December 2, 2002, (an electronic copy was subsequently received on December 6, 2002), by the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center (the "Center"). In accordance with Paragraph 4(a) of the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the "Rules" as approved by ICANN on October 24, 1999, and the Center's own Supplemental Rules in effect as of December 1, 1999 (the "Supplemental Rules"), the Center verified that the Complaint satisfied the formal requirements of the Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy adopted by ICANN on October 24, 1999 (the "Policy"), the Rules and the Supplemental Rules. The Complaint was submitted in English and the proceedings have been conducted in English. The Complainants have paid the specified fee to the Center.
The Center transmitted the requisite Registrar Verification request to iHoldings.com Inc. d/b/a DotRegistrar.com on December 4, 2002, and received an email response from iHoldings.com Inc. d/b/a DotRegistrar.com on the same day, confirming that the domain name is registered with it and that the Respondent, SquareBox Entertainment, is the current owner/registrant of the domain name <goldlinegroup.com>.
Proceedings in this case were formally commenced on December 9, 2002, when the Center sent a copy of the Complaint to the Respondent by email and post to the addresses recorded in the Administrative Contact details for the domain name at issue. The notification to the Respondent advised that a Response would need to be submitted to the Center no later than December 29, 2002, to be sure of being considered in these proceedings. No Response was received by the specified deadline. Consequently, on December 31, 2002, the Center issued a Notification of Respondent Default, which was duly transmitted to the Respondent by email and post and to the Complainant's representative by email. An email reply was then received from the Respondent's email address on January 1, 2003.
On January 3, 2003, the Center invited Mr. Keith Gymer to serve as single Panelist in these proceedings and having received his Statement of Acceptance and Declaration of Impartiality and Independence, the Center formally appointed Mr. Gymer as Panelist on January 7, 2003, and notified the Respondent and the Complainant's representative of this appointment by email on the same day.
Subsequently, on January 14, 2003, the Complainant made a Supplemental Filing, which was transmitted to the Panel on January 15, 2003. As the Panel had not then commenced writing the Decision, the Panel agreed to consider the "New Information" in the Supplemental Filing and asked the Center to issue an interim Procedural Order allowing the Respondent a further 7 days (to January 22, 2003) to make its own submissions regarding the "New Information". A brief email response was submitted from the Respondent's email address on January 15, 2003, and forwarded to the Panel on January 16, 2003. No further submissions were received. The expected date for the Panel to take a Decision in this case was correspondingly extended to January 29, 2003.
4. Factual Background
According to the Registrar's WHOIS records, the domain name record for <goldlinegroup.com> was created on July 5, 2002, and last updated on November 9, 2002, and is presently nominally registered to the Respondent. It is clear from the evidence, however, that the present nominal Registrant is only the latest in a series and that the domain name was only recorded in its name on or about November 7, 2002.
Otherwise, the Complainant has made a number of further contentions by way of a Statement of Case in the Complaint. These are summarised below.
5. Parties' Contentions
A. Complainant
The Complainant and its counsel have been unable to identify what type of entity SquareBox Entertainment is, other than an addressee at the post office box and email address, as taken from DotRegistrar's WHOIS database as of November 9, 2002.
The Complainant, Gold Line has been in operation since 1991, and is in the business of providing retail telephone calling cards to an international marketplace. Gold Line and its related companies, ARC Phone Canada Inc., Teleresolve Inc. and Card Express Printing Inc. operate collectively as the "Gold Line Group" and the "Group of Gold Line" ("Gold Line Group"). Gold Line Group is the largest provider of prepaid long distance calling cards in Canada. Gold Line Group distributes its products through independent dealers and directly through its own sales force.
Gold Line Group also offers its calling cards to an international audience, and currently advertises and sells its cards in Canada, the United States of America, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, Iran, Armenia, Italy and the Netherlands.
Gold Line Group has several trade-marks and trade names that it uses, and that it has used for many years, in connection with the advertising, marketing and selling of its products. Gold Line Group's use of these marks predates the registration of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name.
"Gold Line" and "Gold Line Group"
Gold Line Group has used the "Gold Line" trade-mark in connection with the marketing and distribution of telephone calling cards and the provision of local and long distance telephone and telecommunication services in Canada since 1994, and in international markets for the past several years. Gold Line Group has also used the trade-mark "Group of Gold Line" in connection with the marketing and distribution of telephone calling cards, as well as with the provision of local and long distance telephone communication services, both in Canada and the identified international markets since at least December, 2000. (Copies of some of Gold Line Group's calling cards bearing the "Gold Line" and "Group of Gold Line" trade-marks were annexed to the Complaint.)
Gold Line registered the domain name <goldline.net> in 1997, and began operating a website at this address in 1998 (Gold Line also operates <goldlinewebcall.com> and <goldlinedcall.com>). The website has also prominently displayed the "Group of Gold Line" trade-mark. (Copies of pages from the goldline.net website were annexed to the Complaint.)
Using the "GOLD LINE" trade-mark, Gold Line Group has, in particular, advertised its calling cards and telephone services for a number of years through an Iranian newspaper called the Shahrvand, in the Iran Free Press Copy, another publication which is also accessible on the internet. Gold Line Group's products have also been featured in an advertisement in the E'ttelaat, a daily paper, with a worldwide readership, published and distributed in the United States. (Copies of relevant advertisements were annexed to the Complaint.)
Based on the foregoing, the Complainant asserts that Gold Line Group is the true and rightful owner of the "Gold Line" and "Gold Line Group" trade-marks in connection with the marketing and distribution of telephone calling cards in Canada and the United States and elsewhere.
"iDcaller" and "Dcall"
Although not directly at issue in the present proceedings, Gold Line Group also claims to be the true and rightful owner of the trade-marks "iDcaller" and "Dcall" in connection with the marketing and distribution of certain calling card products in Canada and the United States. The "iDcaller" and "Dcall" trade-marks are alleged to be relevant to this proceeding because the original registrant of <goldlinegroup.com> also registered the domain names <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca>. This individual (allegedly known as Bijan Kotabi and Bijan Shamsolkotabi) registered the three domain names (personally and through entities that he controls) after having approached the Complainant to become one of its sales representatives. Since registering the domain names, and as described in detail below, this individual is said to have engaged in a bad faith and predatory attempt to demand money from the Complainant for the domain names and to damage the Complainant's business reputation.
The domain names <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca> are presently registered to Ad Dreamer (a company that Mr. Kotabi is evidently affiliated with, as is described below) and Mr. Kotabi, respectively. (Copies of relevant WHOIS details were provided in the Complaint.) Both "iDcaller" and "Dcall" are calling cards that are intended to provide one long distance account for all of a customer's long distance calling needs. These products are said to be exclusive to the Gold Line Group. Gold Line Group has advertised and made these products available on its website, in various newspapers and magazines and through its dealers for at least the past year and a half. (Copies of website pages advertising the "iDcaller" and "Dcall" products were provided in the Complaint.)
The Complainant consequently claims to have enforceable Common Law Trade-mark Rights in Gold Line and Gold Line Group/Group of Gold Line.
In addition to common law trade-mark rights, Gold Line Group has also applied for registration of its trade-marks "Gold Line", "Group of Gold Line", "Dcall" and "iDcaller" in association with telephone calling cards and local and long distance communication services under the Canadian Trademarks Act, R.S.C. 1985 c. T-13 and the United States Trademarks Act. Particulars of these applications were provided in the Complaint.
The Domain Name is Confusingly Similar to Complainant's Trade-Marks.
The domain name <goldlinegroup.com> is confusingly similar, if not identical, to the Complainant's "Gold Line" trade-mark, the "Gold Line" and "Gold Line Group" and "Group of Gold Line" trade names of the Complainant. The only difference between the Complainant's trade-mark "Gold Line" and the impugned domain name is the addition by the Respondent of the word "Group". The addition of the word "Group", however, is trivial and does not lessen the confusing nature of the domain name.
Moreover, as set out above, Gold Line refers to its group of companies as "Group of Gold Line" and "Gold Line Group". In this sense, the impugned domain name <goldlinegroup.com> is identical to the trade name by which the Gold Line Group refers to itself and is known in the telephone calling card marketplace.
The Respondent Has No Rights or Legitimate Interests in the Domain Name
As noted above, the Complainant has been unable to identify what type of entity the Respondent, SquareBox Entertainment, is - other than an addressee at a post-office box and an email address. SquareBox Entertainment only became the registrant of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name on or about November 7, 2002. At that time, as evidenced in the Complaint, SquareBox Entertainment's address as shown in DotRegistrar's WHOIS database was a P.O. Box in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda. SquareBox Entertainment's address was subsequently changed to its current Nassau address on November 9, 2002.
The Respondent is neither a licensee of the Complainant nor is it in any other way authorized to use the Complainant's "Gold Line" and related trade-marks. As far as the Complainant is aware, the term "Gold Line Group" is not the subject of any trade-mark registration in which the Respondent has rights.
The Respondent has no legitmate connection whatsoever with the domain name <goldlinegroup.com>, or the trade mark "Gold Line". The domain name simply links internet users who access this domain name to a variety of pornographic websites.
Moreover, to the Complainant's knowledge, the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name is not a legitimate name of any business belonging to the Respondent nor is it in any other way identified with the Respondent. The Respondent is not commonly known by the domain name and does not provide goods or services under that name.
For the reasons further detailed below, the Complainant believes that the Respondent is merely the current shell transferee of the impugned domain name.
The domain name <goldlinegroup.com> (along with the domain names <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca>) was originally registered (or was caused to be registered) by Mr. Kotabi who sought to become an authorized sales representative of Gold Line Group. When Mr. Kotabi was not made an authorized sales representative, it is alleged that he sought to demand excessive payments from Gold Line Group in exchange for the domain names. Mr. Kotabi is also alleged to have engaged in a campaign designed to damage the goodwill associated with Gold Line Group's trade-marks and its business reputation.
(a) Mr. Kotabi Approaches Gold Line Group in May, 2002
Mr. Kotabi approached Ata Moeini, the Chief Executive Officer of Gold Line Group, in or about May, 2002, with a proposal to become an authorized sales agent for certain of Gold Line Group's calling card products. Mr. Kotabi advised that he was particularly interested in selling Gold Line Group's iDcaller and Dcall products, discussed above. In the course of their initial discussions, Gold Line Group requested Mr. Kotabi to execute a Confidentiality Agreement, which he did on May 28, 2002. Gold Line Group asked Mr. Kotabi to sign the Confidentiality Agreement to protect Gold Line Group's rights to, among other things, its proprietary information relating to the research and development of its products and systems, operations and clients. Gold Line Group had a number of discussions with Mr. Kotabi over the course of the next few weeks. During these discussions, the parties talked about what marketing strategies Mr. Kotabi might employ to sell the iDcaller and Dcall products on Gold Line Group's behalf. The parties also discussed Gold Line registering the domain name <goldlinegroup.com>, which would be used by Gold Line Group to supplement its use of the <goldline.net> domain name. At all times, it was understood between Mr. Kotabi and Gold Line Group that the registrant of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name was to be Gold Line.
(b) Mr. Kotabi Registers the <goldlinegroup.com> Domain Name
Unknown to Gold Line Group and contrary to the understanding between the parties, Mr. Kotabi then went out and registered, in his own name or through some entity under his direction and control, the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name using DotRegistrar as the registrar. When Mr. Kotabi advised Gold Line Group that he had registered goldlinegroup.com, Gold Line Group was surprised and reminded Mr. Kotabi that the parties had discussed Gold Line Group registering this domain name. Gold Line Group further explained that, as the owner of the "Gold Line" and other related trade-marks, it could not permit Mr. Kotabi to be the registrant of a domain name incorporating its marks. Additionally, Gold Line Group had planned to change its print advertising to direct its customers to the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name instead of the goldline.net domain name. Accordingly, Gold Line Group asked Mr. Kotabi to comply with their earlier understanding and to transfer the registration of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name to Gold Line. Mr. Kotabi agreed to do so.
(c) Mr. Kotabi purports to transfer the goldlinegroup.com Domain Name to Gold Line
On or about July 10, 2002, Mr. Kotabi wrote to Gold Line Group to confirm that he had transferred registration of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name to Gold Line. In his letter, Mr. Kotabi clearly and expressly stated: "This is the confirmation that <goldlinegroup.com> has been transferred to GoldLine Management Inc. Please have as your confirmation." Mr. Kotabi also attached to his letter a WHOIS Search Result from VeriSign apparently confirming that Gold Line was then indeed the registrant of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name. (Copies of the relevant correspondence were annexed to the Complaint in evidence.) Upon receiving this confirmation from Mr. Kotabi, Gold Line Group conducted its own WHOIS search to confirm that the transfer had indeed been effected. Alexei Treitkov, Gold Line Group's IT Manager, performed WHOIS searches on July 10, 2003, and over the course of the next few days to confirm the transfer. Each time Mr. Treitkov performed the WHOIS searches, the searches confirmed that Gold Line was the apparent registrant of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name.
Over the course of the next few weeks, Mr. Treitkov asked Mr. Kotabi for the login and password names pertaining to <goldlinegroup.com> so that he could complete construction of Gold Line Group's website at the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name. Mr. Kotabi repeatedly promised that he would provide the login and password names as requested, but he failed to do so. At no time prior to Mr. Kotabi transferring the domain name to Gold Line Group did Mr. Kotabi ask Gold Line Group to pay any monies for this transfer.
Following the purported transfer of the domain name to Gold Line Group, Mr. Kotabi and Gold Line Group continued to have further discussions about Mr. Kotabi becoming an authorized sales representative. Unfortunately, Mr. Kotabi was unable to convince Gold Line Group that he met its criteria for becoming an e-commerce agent for the purposes of representing Gold Line Group. Accordingly, Gold Line Group did not feel comfortable with Mr. Kotabi and ultimately did not appoint him as an authorized sales representative.
(d) Gold Line Group Advertises the <goldlinegroup.com> Domain Name
As noted above, Gold Line Group has previously referred potential customers to the "goldline.net" website for further information about its products. Relying on Mr. Kotabi's confirmation that the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name had been transferred to Gold Line, Gold Line Group changed its print advertising to refer customers to the "goldlinegroup.com" website instead of the "goldline.net" website address in or about August, 2002. Accordingly, Gold Line Group's full-page advertisements in the Fall 2002 Journey magazine (a magazine produced for members of the Canadian Automobile Association) and the November, 2002 issue of Feature magazine were changed to refer to "goldlinegroup.com" instead of "goldline.net".
(e) Mr. Kotabi transfers the Domain Name from Gold Line Group
After it had changed its advertising to reflect the new <goldlinegroup.com> domain name, Mr. Kotabi wrote Gold Line Group on October 17, 2002, to offer the domain names <goldlinegroup.com>, <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca> for sale. Mr. Kotabi's email came as a complete surprise to Gold Line Group. Prior to receiving Mr. Kotabi's email, Gold Line Group reasonably believed that the goldlinegroup.com domain name had already been transferred to it. Further, Gold Line Group was not previously aware that Mr. Kotabi had also registered the <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca> domain names. In his email, Mr. Kotabi indicated that the three domain names were being offered for sale as a package, and that the "final and no [sic] negotiable price is USD $23,267.80", plus monthly maintenance fees and support fees. The email also provided that the offer would expire at 12:00 noon on October 18, 2002, and directed Gold Line Group to wire transfer the USD $23,267.80 to an account maintained by an entity known as Ad Dreamer Inc. ("Ad Dreamer"), a company with whom Mr. Kotabi is apparently affiliated. (A copy of the email and evidence of Mr Kotabi's association with Ad Dreamer were annexed to the Complaint.).
Gold Line Group telephoned Mr. Kotabi twice shortly after receiving his October 17, 2002, email. Mr. Kotabi failed or refused to return Gold Line Group's telephone calls.
(f) Gold Line Group Contacts DotRegistrar Regarding the Unauthorized Transfer of the Domain Name
Upon receiving Mr. Kotabi's email of October 17, 2002, Gold Line Group immediately contacted DotRegistrar to ask for its assistance regarding the unauthorized transfer of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name. Gold Line Group advised DotRegistrar that the domain name had been transferred to it months previously but that it apparently had since been transferred to another registrant without authorization. In subsequent email correspondence (submitted in evidence with the Complaint), DotRegistrar noted that it would have given the party first registering the domain name a specific account name and password and indicated that this would have changed if the domain name were genuinely to be transferred. After having investigated the Gold Line complaint, significantly, DotRegistrar reported that "the domain has not been moved from the original account".
Gold Line Group performed a WHOIS search on October 17, 2002, which purportedly showed that the registrant of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name was an individual named Mike Pistol. The WHOIS search result further indicated that the administrative and technical contacts for the registrant were also Mike Pistol, and that he could be contacted at a post-office box in Belize. Finally, the WHOIS search report indicated that the record was last updated on October 16, 2002, – being the day before Mr. Kotabi wrote the email to Gold Line Group offering to sell the aforementioned domain names.
(g) Mr. Kotabi Causes Pornography to be Posted at the <goldlinegroup.com> Website
While Gold Line Group was trying to ascertain how and why it was no longer the registrant of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name, Gold Line Group was further shocked to learn that the goldlinegroup.com domain name was now being used as a link to a pornography website. Internet users who visited the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name were then linked to another website known as <hornyhours.com>, a website offering photographs of lesbian, teen and hardcore pornographic photographs, and other adult content websites. (Evidence of this was annexed to the Complaint.)
(h) Gold Line Group Instructs its Legal Counsel to Investigate
On or about November 6, 2002, Gold Line Group instructed its legal Counsel (Mr. W. Brad Hanna of McMillan Binch LLP)to investigate this issue. Counsel attempted to reach Mr. Kotabi by telephone, but received no response. When he was unable to contact Mr. Kotabi by telephone, Counsel emailed Mr. Kotabi at firstname.lastname@example.com. Counsel also emailed the then current registrant of goldlinegroup.com, Mike Pistol, on November 6, 2002. Counsel asked Mr. Pistol to contact him to discuss the domain name. Both Mike Pistol and Mr. Kotabi responded to these email inquiries. It was apparent from their responses, that Mike Pistol and Mr. Kotabi were connected in some way. Essentially, Mr. Kotabi and Mike Pistol again offered to sell the domain name <goldlinegroup.com> to Gold Line. (Copies of the email correspondence were included in the Complaint.)
(i) Further Efforts to Sell the <goldlinegroup.com> Domain Name
Mike Pistol responded to Counsel's email noting that the domain name was for sale. Mike Pistol indicated that the price for the domain name was USD $25,000.00. The "From:" line on the responding email reads "b k <email@example.com>". It is submitted that the reference to the letters "b k" in the email address indicates some connection between Bijan Kotabi and Mike Pistol. Mr. Kotabi also advised in his email response that the domain name "was for sale", and that Counsel should contact the registrant directly and buy the domain name from him, if interested. Mike Pistol subsequently sent a further email indicating that he would be "represented by Ad Dreamer Inc." and asked Counsel to co-operate with Ad Dreamer and its agents in Canada in connection with the sale of the domain name. On November 7, 2002, Mr. Kotabi, on behalf of Ad Dreamer Inc., sent a further email to Counsel confirming that he would be acting as Mike Pistol's representative for the transfer of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name. In his email, Mr. Kotabi indicated that the price for the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name had now gone up to USD $35,000.00. Mr. Kotabi further indicated that the offer was "non-negotiable" and only available for acceptance until 3:00 p.m. on November 8, 2002. (Copies of the relevant emails were included in the Complaint.)
In the morning of November 7, 2002, Mr. Kotabi telephoned Gold Line's Counsel to discuss a proposed transfer of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name. During their conversation, Mr Kotabi reportedly:
- said that Counsel could not speak directly with Mike Pistol, and refused to confirm whether Mike Pistol was a real person;
- confirmed that he had full authority to sell the domain name on behalf of Mike Pistol;
- failed to explain, in response to repeated questions, how it was that after he transferred the domain name to Gold Line Group on or about July 10, 2002, the name was no longer registered to Gold Line Group but was now registered to Mike Pistol.
- also explained during his telephone conversation that he also owned the domain names <dcall.ca> and <idcaller.us>. Mr. Kotabi advised that he was not "interested in" any of the Gold Line domain names anymore and that he was willing to sell all of the domain names to Gold Line Group.
- stated that he wanted to have Gold Line Group pay for his "expenses" in registering the domain names, and that the price for doing so was now $35,000.00US.
- urged Counsel to advise Gold Line Group that this would be the best way to resolve the issue.
- indicated that it could become a lot more "problematic" for Gold Line Group if they did not accept the offer. In that regard, Mr. Kotabi explained that, in the Iranian culture (the principals of Gold Line Group are of Iranian descent), being affiliated with pornographic websites would be viewed as highly negative. He also explained that being affiliated with gay pornographic websites would be even worse. In doing so, Mr. Kotabi mentioned a number of other websites offering adult pornographic content known as the <thehun.com> and <persiankitty.com> and <hustlervip.com>. Mr. Kotabi explained, in a not-so-thinly-veiled threat, that if Gold Line Group did not accept the offer being made, links to other pornographic websites such as these might crop up on the <goldlinegroup.com> website.
Counsel explained the very grave concern that Gold Line Group had about the fact that the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name had been taken from it and that it was being used as a link to pornographic websites. Mr. Kotabi, again in a not-so-thinly-veiled threat, explained that Gold Line Group would probably not want the domain names <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca> similarly linked to other pornographic websites, which also might happen if his "offer" was not accepted.
Counsel also advised Mr. Kotabi that Gold Line Group had already had print advertisements prepared advertising the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name and that some of these advertisements had been circulated to the general public and this was now causing damage to the reputation of Gold Line Group. Mr. Kotabi did not appear in the least concerned about the damage that was being done. Approximately 1.4 million copies of the aforementioned Leisure Ways and Journey magazines were printed, containing Gold Line Group's advertisement directing readers to the goldlinegroup.com website which now provides a link to numerous pornographic websites. Unfortunately, Gold Line Group was unable to prevent several thousands of these magazines from being circulated to the general public. Accordingly, readers of the advertisements will be directed to <goldlinegroup.com> and, instead of finding information about Gold Line Group's products, will be confronted with hardcore pornography.
On November 8, 2002, Mr. Kotabi again telephoned Counsel to ascertain whether Gold Line Group was willing to pay his demands. Counsel advised Mr. Kotabi that Gold Line Group was not interested in doing so. Mr. Kotabi then said that he would no longer be the agent for Mike Pistol, the then purported current registrant of <goldlinegroup.com>.
(j) Changes to the goldlinegroup.com Website on November 8, 2002
On November 8, 2002, Counsel accessed the goldlinegroup.com website and observed that additional linkages to more pornographic websites had been added. In particular, and evidently not coincidentally, links to the "thehun.com", "persiankitty.com", "hustlervip.com". and "gaylovers.com" (being the websites that Mr. Kotabi referred to the day before), among other pornographic websites, had been added as linked websites. It is apparent that Mr. Kotabi was instrumental in updating the "goldlinegroup.com" website to include these further pornographic linkages after being advised him that Gold Line Group would not agree to pay his excessive demands. (A copy of the website page as at November 8, 2002, was provided in the Complaint.)
(k) Further Changes to Ownership of the <goldlinegroup.com> Domain Name
A further WHOIS search conducted on the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name on November 7, 2002, the search indicated that the apparent Registrant of the domain name had been changed from Mike Pistol to the current registrant, being SquareBox Entertainment. The address for SquareBox Entertainment, as of the date of this WHOIS search, was a P.O. Box in St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda. A further WHOIS search performed on November 8, 2002, again indicated that the current registrant for the goldlinegroup.com domain name was SquareBox Entertainment, but with a different address from the day before, now recorded in Nassau, Bahamas.
Based on the foregoing, it is asserted that Mr. Kotabi, or someone acting under his direction, originally registered the goldlinegroup.com domain name for the purpose of selling it to the Complainant at a substantial profit. It is also asserted that Mr. Kotabi has arranged for the domain name to be transferred to various shells under his direct or indirect control.
It is alleged that the evidence in this case supports a finding that Mr. Kotabi has had the ability and the authority to modify registration information with respect to the goldlinegroup.com domain name and further that Mr. Kotabi is using shell entities to evade his responsibility for the registration and use of the domain name
Moreover, it is submitted that Mr. Kotabi, and the various subsequent registrants of the goldlinegroup.com domain name, maintain registered ownership of the domain name primarily for the purpose of selling it to Gold Line Group for amounts greatly in excess of the original costs related to the registration of the domain name, and to harm Gold Line Group's reputation by operating the domain name as a link to hardcore pornographic websites.
The Complainant believes that Mr. Kotabi, through entities acting under his direction or control, registered the domain name in order to prevent the Complainant from enjoying the exclusive right to the domain name (as well as the domain names idcaller.us and dcall.ca.)
Domain Name was Registered and is Being Used in Bad Faith
For the reasons described above, it is asserted that the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
Prior to meeting with Gold Line Group to become a sales representative, Mr. Kotabi had not registered and did not have any legitimate use for the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name. After meeting with Gold Line Group, Mr. Kotabi caused goldlinegroup.com to be registered in his name, or in the name of an entity under his control and direction, instead of Gold Line Group, contrary to the understanding between Mr. Kotabi and Gold Line Group. Mr. Kotabi then agreed to transfer the domain name to Gold Line Group, and, in fact, advised Gold Line Group that he had done so on July 11, 2002. By means known only to Mr. Kotabi, he either never effected the transfer of the domain name as he had advised Gold Line Group, or he subsequently arranged to have the domain name transferred away from Gold Line Group to Mike Pistol, contrary to his agreement. Since doing so, Mr. Kotabi (on behalf of the shell registrants' of the domain name) has attempted to sell the domain name, along with other domain names containing the trade-marks of Gold Line Group (being the <idcaller.us> and <dcall.ca> domain names), to Gold Line Group several times for profit: first, Mr. Kotabi offered to sell the three domain names to Gold Line Group on October 17, 2002, for $23,267.80US, plus support and maintenance fees; on November 6, 2002, Mr. Kotabi made the goldlinegroup.com domain name available for sale to Gold Line Group for $25,000.00US; and finally, on November 7, 2002, Mr. Kotabi raised the price to $35,000.00US for the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name alone.
By seeking to sell the domain name to the Complainant, Mr. Kotabi, the person who appears to ultimately be in control of the <goldlinegroup.com> domain name, is using the domain name in an intentional attempt to profit, for commercial gain, by the registration of the domain name, and by creating a likelihood of confusion with the Complainant's various trade-marks and its existing goldline.net website. Moreover, Mr. Kotabi, through a series of shell registrants including the Respondent, is using <goldlinegroup.com> to deliberately disrupt the business activities of the Complainant and damage its good will and business reputation by using the domain name simply to provide linkages to various hardcore pornographic websites. Neither the Respondent, nor any other prior shell registrant of the goldlinegroup.com domain name, nor Mr. Kotabi, has at any time had a legitimate offering of goods or services associated with the Gold Line name posted on the "goldlinegroup.com" website. The Respondent is using the Complainant's marks to draw visitors to its domain name, although the domain name bears no relationship to its business, and visitors are initially led to believe that the Complainant is the source of or affiliated with the Respondent's website. There has been, and can be no legitimate non-commercial use or fair use of the domain name <goldlinegroup.com> by the Respondent. It is evident that Mr. Kotabi, through the Respondent, is attempting to extort a substantial amount of money from the Complainant in exchange for the domain name registration.
The Complainant requests that the domain name be transferred to the Complainant.
B. Respondent
No Response to the Complaint was received from the Respondent within the initially specified period. However, after receiving the "Notification of Respondent Default", it sent an email saying:
"Thanks for your mail please continue we have look at the dispute. We believe the board can do proper response. There is no trade mark for goldlinegroup.com nor it makes sense what the Complaint has claim." [sic].
C. Supplementary filing by Complainant
In its Supplemental filing, the Complainant submitted the following allegations as "New Information":
After the Complaint was filed and for a period of a few weeks in or about December, 2002, Mr. Kotabi (or the Respondent) disabled the links to pornographic websites from "goldlinegroup.com". Recently, however, the links to pornographic websites reappeared. Most recently, the website has now begun advertising a new website called <goldlinesexclub.com>, which was apparently to become operable on January 15, 2003. A screen shot of the first page of the <goldlinegroup.com >website (as of January 14, 2003), advertising <goldlinesexclub.com>, was attached in evidence.
It is alleged that Mr. Kotabi wishes to continue his bad faith use of Gold Line's trade-marks. The <goldlinesexclub.com> domain name is registered to his company, Ad Dreamer Inc. A copy of the Whois search report on this domain name confirming that it is registered to Ad Dreamer Inc. dated January 13, 2003, was submitted in evidence. The registration of another pornographic website containing the Complainant's trademark "Gold Line" clearly demonstrates that Mr. Kotabi is continuing his bad faith and predatory attempt to extract money from the Complainant and damage the Complainant's business reputation.
In accordance with paragraph 4(b)(i) of the UDRP, and for the reasons described herein and in the Complaint, the Complainant therefore requests the Panel appointed in this proceeding to issue a decision that the domain name <goldlinesexclub.com> also be transferred to the Complainant.
D. Respondent's Response
The Respondent sent an email stating:
"i have got and email regarding goldlinesexclub.com
please provide this to person in charge."
And went on to list a number of other domains incorporating "goldline", including:
"www.gold-line.com/; www.goldline.co.uk/; www.goldline.on.ca"/"; "www.goldline.fi/; www.goldlinecontrols.com"/; "www.goldlinebrakes.com/"; "www.abacusline.demon.co.uk/UserGrps/Gold.html; www.goldline.co.nz/"; "www.goldlineinternationalinc.com/; www.goldlineproducts.com/"; "www.hytech-goldline.com/";
all of which appeared to be for different businesses in various countries, none being the Complainant, but the email also included the following links which clearly do relate to the Complainant:
Gold Line Phone Card
Web Camera, ©2002 Group of Gold Line.
Gold Line Phone Card
Best Rates, ©2002 Group of Gold Line.
[ More results from www.goldline.net ]
before concluding:
"the complaint has claim that own the trade mark of goldline. we only think
that is funny. we only wonder" [sic].
It subsequently confirmed it had "No further response".
6. Discussion and Findings
In order for the Panel to decide to grant the remedy of transfer of a domain name to a Complainant under the Policy it is necessary that the Complainant must prove, as required by Paragraph 4(a) of the Policy, that
(i) the contested domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(ii) the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain name; and
(iii) the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
The fact that the Respondent had not initially provided a Response to the Complaint does not relieve the Complainant of the burden of proving its case. In the absence of a Response, Paragraph 5(e) of the Rules expressly requires the Panel to "decide the dispute based upon the complaint". Under Paragraph 14(a) of the Rules in the event of such a "Default" the Panel is still required "to proceed to a decision on the complaint", whilst under Paragraph 14(b) it "shall draw such inferences therefrom as it considers appropriate." It is clear that this does not mean a default decision is automatically to be issued in favour of the Complainant. If that were the intended result then there would be no need to appoint a Panel to decide the dispute. Consequently, the Panel must assess the Complaint on its merits.
In the present case, it is also necessary to consider the Complainant's request in its Supplementary filing for the Panel also to rule on <goldlinesexclub.com> as well as <goldlinegroup.com>.
As stated in its interim Procedural Order, the Panel declined this request (having regard in particular to the provisions of Rule 3(c) of the Policy). Rule 3(c) allows for consolidation of complaints in relation to more than one domain name, "provided that the domain names are registered by the same domain-name holder." Whilst the evidence in this case strongly suggests that the same party is ultimately in control of both domains, the WHOIS records show different nominal registrant details and the original Complaint did not include <goldlinesexclub.com>. The Panel therefore considers that more evidence would be required in relation to this latter domain name and the appropriate course must be for the Complainant to file a new complaint with such detailed evidence to support a claim for transfer of <goldlinesexclub.com> if desired.
This Decision consequently relates only to <goldlinegroup.com>.
Similarity and existence of rights in the specified trademark:
In the present case, the Complainants claim unregistered trade mark rights in Gold Line and Group of Gold Line/Gold Line Group. The domain name at issue is <goldlinegroup.com>. The distinctive element of the domain name is essentially identical to the trade mark claimed by the Complainant.
If the Complainant's mark(s) were registered trade marks, in force and not subject to any opposition or revocation action, then it would also be readily possible to conclude that the Complainant has relevant rights in the mark which would be protectable under the Policy. However, in this case the marks are not yet registered.
The Panelist considers it settled interpretation that the reference to "rights" in Paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy includes both registered and unregistered rights (this issue has been previously addressed in various other cases). In the case of an unregistered mark, however, there can be no presumption of entitlement to rights under law and the onus must be on a Complainant to provide convincing evidence that it is entitled to claim such rights.
The evidence which may be required to support a claim to protection for these purposes does not necessarily need to be substantial - for example, it may be sufficient to establish a significant local rather than a national reputation in such a mark. Nonetheless, the Panelist considers that it requires more than mere assertion to justify any claim to proprietary rights in an unregistered mark.
The Panelist also notes that the Respondent did specifically challenge the Complainant's claim to trade mark rights in Gold Line, albeit only by considering the claim as "funny" and by listing other apparently legitimate users of "goldline" in various domain names.
In this case, however, the Complainant has made strong assertions with respect to their ownership of rights in the Gold Line name in particular and to the existence of such rights in relation to telephone calling cards at least in Canada and the US and provided substantial evidence (unchallenged by the Respondent) to support such a claim. Although the Respondent may find it "funny" it is not unreasonable for the Complainant to assert rights in these circumstances. The Panelist is aware that such an entitlement to rights in an unregistered trade-mark may be recognised under the Canadian Trade-Marks Act R.S.C. 1985. It is also irrelevant whether or not other parties may also have legitimate rights to use "goldline" in other countries or for other goods and services. That does not preclude the Complainant from having and exercising rights itself in relation to its own use. On the evidence, the Panel is satisfied that the Complainant has established relevant common law rights at the very least in the name Gold Line, and also likely in Group of Gold Line, in Canada sufficient to support a claim under the Policy.
The Panel also agrees with the Complainant's submission that the addition of "group" to "goldline" in the Domain Name does not make any material difference, even if the Complainant were considered only to have established rights in Gold Line alone.
Consequently, the Panel concludes that the contested domain name is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights, and that the Complainant has fulfilled the requirements of Paragraph 4(a)(i) of the Policy.
Legitimate rights:
The Complainant's case for a determination on the issues of Legitimate rights and Bad Faith rests substantially on the assertion that the present nominal registrant, SquareBox Entertainment, is in fact nothing more than the latest front for operations conducted under the effective control of Mr. Kotabi.
As noted above, the Complainant has provided detailed and compelling evidence to support this contention. It is also notable that the Respondent has made no attempt whatever to deny or rebut the Complainant's assertions in this respect. If SquareBox Entertainment really had become registrant of the domain name in good faith then the Panel considers it incredible that it would not have attempted to provide a detailed Response to the assertions made.
Particularly telling, however, is the evidence of DotRegistrar, referred to above, confirming that despite apparent change of registrant the domain name had "not been moved from the original account". It is also possible to establish, for example, from simple online checks that "addreamer.com" and "goldlinegroup.com" remain hosted on the same server.
The Panel therefore considers that the Complainant's assertions regarding ultimate control of the domain name are in all probability correct. It follows that the Complainant's unchallenged submissions (as summarised at 5 above) that the Respondent has no legitimate rights in the domain name at issue are also accepted.
Consequently, the requirements of Paragraph 4(a)(ii) of the Policy are met.
Bad Faith:
Similarly, as all the evidence makes manifestly clear, whether the relevant date of registration is taken as November 7, 2002, (when SquareBox Entertainment nominally became registrant) or July 5, 2002, (when Mr. Kotabi evidently originally registered the domain name) the registration was made or acquired in bad faith. The intention of the original registrant and subsequent nominees was explicitly to seek disproportionate, if not extortionate, recompense from the Complainant, as the legitimate owners of rights in the Gold Line mark, for transfer of the domain name. The present nominal Respondent then "acquired" the domain name through what the evidence most strongly suggests was a sham transfer, in an attempt to evade judgment which would have inevitably followed against the previous shell registrants. The assertion that this was a bad faith sham transfer has not been denied. The Panel concludes that Respondent's motives in nominally obtaining the domain name may properly be considered as "bad-faith" registration.
It is similarly plain from the preponderance of evidence submitted by the Complainant, which is unchallenged by the Respondent, that the use of the domain name by SquareBox Entertainment and previous nominee registrants has been intentionally directed at damaging the reputation of the Complainant in a deliberately offensive manner.
For the purposes of the Policy, the Panel has no difficulty concluding that such use may also fairly be categorised as in "bad faith".
The Panelist therefore concludes that the requirements of Paragraph 4(a)(iii) of the Policy are also satisfied.
7. Decision
For the reasons given in Section 6 above, the Panelist decides that the Complainant succeeds with its Complaint and orders that the domain name <goldlinegroup.com> be transferred to the Complainant.
Keith F.Gymer
Sole Panelist
Dated: January 29, 2003


text:
Designs To Remember
Customize Your Year
100% Happiness Guaranteed
There are so many options, and I really enjoy the ability to simply create my own pages without complicated instructions. Easy to use and the online help is fantastic.
Formats & Sizes
Printed on high quality, heavy-weight paper with a smooth finish, your favorite moments are sure to shine.
More to Explore
Find project inspiration, how tos, tutorials and more on the blog.
Think back over the previous year and you will quickly realize how many special moments you've enjoyed with your family. Creating a custom photo calendar online is one way to preserve these memories and keep track of the momentous occasions in the lives of your children, parents, and grandparents.
Make Your Own Photo Calendars Online
Preserving many of your favorite photos in a calendar for the upcoming year is fun to do, particularly if you nclude other family members in your project. Of course, if you are planning to give your custom photo calendar as a gift, you may want to conduct this endeavor secretly to maintain the surprise. Creating a photo calendar with the option to fully customize its design may seem like a big task, but it is actually just an enjoyable project. After all, who doesn't like looking through old photos and thinking about all the fun from the previous year? A tailor-made photo calendar is easy to design due to incredible changes in the software used to make them. Now, it is easy to upload the photos you want and simple to customize your creation. The online editor does most of the work for you, making it easy and fun to design one or more personalized photo calendars or photo cards.
Before you begin to make your own photo calendar, you really should browse through all of the available templates. Not only will you find one that is perfect for your gift recipient, but you will also find inspiration, which is the motivation needed to be as creative as you like. Mixbook's calendar templates feature a bit of everything, including travel, nature, family, and pet designs. You can pick from classic styling, whimsical themes, and contemporary designs. Your calendar options include landscape, portrait, and square designs as well as three different sizes. Colors reign supreme in the world of digital designs, and you will be thrilled with all of the options you have when creating your custom photo calendar.
Personalized Photo Calendar and Custom Gift Ideas and Trends
Whether you are making photo calendars or photo books, you have access to numerous designs. While placing a large, beautiful photo on the calendar cover continues to be a popular trend, the truth is that the inner pages offer the greatest opportunity to infuse your creativity as you make your own project. In fact, customers often create personalized calendars by choosing photos specific to the gift recipient. For example, placing a photo of a grandparent with grandchildren on Grandparent's Day, which is the first Sunday after Labor Day in the United States. Of course, using holiday photos from the previous year has always been a popular choice, and it continues to be so.
Make your own custom photo calendars with our easy-to-use online editor. Choose a professional design from our selection of templates, then customize it with your personal style to make it yours. A personalized wall calendar is a perfect way to relive your favorite moments all year long! Create one for your home or office, or buy photo calendars in bulk to share with your friends and family. It's never been easier to make a calendar online. Make your completely customized calendar today!
Creating Your Own Photo Calendar Just Got Easier
Making a personalized calendar of last years memories use to be a daunting task. Mixbook makes it incredibly easy to build your very own calendar, using your favorite pictures from the year past. Choose from 1000's of designs manufactured by our in-house designers.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For more than 30 years, Jason's Deli has been making the best food available to customers with exacting standards. With the emphasis being on "real" food, Jason's Deli has recently taken steps to eliminate artificial trans fats, MSG, and high fructose corn syrup from all the food it serves. They are even taking steps to provide more alternatives to soft drinks containing high fructose corn syrup. Another ongoing effort at Jason's is using food with lower sodium content. The emphasis on real, healthy food at Jason's has earned recognition from Parent's magazine as one of the healthiest restaurants in America.
With over 200 locations, Jason's Deli has the opportunity to impact a lot of communities and their residents. That's why Jason's Deli takes the time to seek out ways it can help those in need. Through its Real Good Box Lunch program, Jason's Deli makes good food affordable for schools and churches. Of course they provide delivery and convenient billing methods for this service.
J.D. Pickle reward cards are given to teachers who in turn use them as incentives to help students work hard at school. Not only does Jason's Deli help students learn, they reward achievement with good, healthy food.
Another way Jason's Deli serves the community is by making food donations available. Since so many people and organizations are in need of food, Jason's Deli has a donation request form at their web site that can be used to ask for food. The willingness of Jason's Delis around the country to give to those in need is commendable, and just one more reason Jason's Deli is one of the best places to eat.
Sponsoring non-profit efforts directly is something that Jason's Deli enjoys doing, as in the case of the Miracle League. This league enables children with disabilities to stay active and engaged through organized sports. While Miracle League playing fields and games might not look the same as your average little league, they are of immense value to the community because they invite those with special needs to stay visible and active, contributing to the community while developing their potential.
Like most restaurants, Jason's Deli periodically makes printable coupons available online. Although you can sign up for the Jason's Deli email club, the best way to find these coupons online is at third party web sites such as RetailMeNot, and local business sites like JohnsCreekShopper.com. These coupons usually offer free ice cream, a gift card reward for a certain purchase amount or a discount off the price of a standard menu item. Regular coupons for Jason's Deli are often included by community coupon services such as Val-Pak, as well as in local Sunday newspapers.


text:
If cloud computing is the future of government information technology, then Cisco may be one of the most relevant companies in Washington, D.C.
Cisco's FedRAMP authorization—granted by the Department of Health and Human Services—represents a significant development for both the company and the government. WebEx is the industry's leading Web and video conferencing tool, powering more than 20 million online meetings every month. By gaining the FedRAMP seal of approval for security, Cisco can now offer these collaboration capabilities to Federal agencies backed by decades of experience in networking and security.
"For 30 years we've been connecting things," said Andy Campbell, Cisco's government cloud business development manager. "And there's tremendous value in being able to connect across…compute and storage, network connectivity, the analytics that are driven from that connectivity, all the way through to being able to build private cloud instances, and then with our FedRAMP offerings being able to build public government cloud offerings that are really focused on productivity."
Cisco's FedRAMP-compliant WebEx Conferencing Service represents a broad collaboration-in-the-cloud suite of capabilities, including Meeting Center, which allows two or more people to meet and work as a team; Event Center enables online events or webinars; Training Center includes a full suite of capabilities to create online training courses from registration through testing; and WebEx Support Center for troubleshooting.
"The purpose of our FedRAMP offering is really to bring all of Cisco's commercial software-as-a-service offerings to our government customers that have a requirement or a strong preference for FedRAMP authorization or security controls," said Nick Michaelides, Cisco's Federal Vice President. "More broadly, we're investing in FedRAMP authorizations for things like collaboration, Cisco meeting rooms, security-as-a-service, analytics, Internet of Things, and more."
In fact, WebEx is just the beginning of Cisco's FedRAMP push, according to Michaelides. The company's strategy actually involves plans to certify all of its commercial SaaS offerings through FedRAMP, starting next with its Hosted Collaboration Solution for Government (HCS-G) in the fall.
"Our purpose is not to stop at WebEx. The next capability on the horizon is HCS-G. And our long-term intent is to take every Cisco commercial Software as a Service (SaaS) offering through the FedRAMP authorization process," Michaelides said.
Cisco has significantly strengthened its Federal cloud position through recent strategic acquisitions. For example, on April 15, the company completed its acquisition of CliQr Technologies Inc.—an application defined cloud orchestration platform that enables organizations to model, deploy, and manage applications across any cloud environment.
"You now have a single pane of glass to allow you to manage multiple clouds very, very easily," Michaelides said.
Another key to Cisco's ability to help Federal agencies manage and secure their data across many clouds is the company's own Intercloud Fabric, which it launched in 2014 to leverage the power of the network to securely connect and manage workloads in a world dominated by hybrid cloud computing.
"Cisco InterCloud allows us to be in a unique position to help our customers navigate a world of many clouds. It allows us to move workloads from your private cloud in a data center out to a public cloud, and bring it back in a secure manner," Michaelides said. "Cisco's focus is really on data security, whether it is in transit or at rest."
And that's where Cisco's larger strategy—beyond SaaS—really comes into focus.
"My mind doesn't stop at SaaS," Michaelides said. "We've been helping agencies build out private clouds and next-generation data centers for several years now, and we've been very successful in delivering infrastructure convergence, which is compute, network, and storage," he said.
Initially, most of Cisco's government customers embarked upon a journey focused on private cloud build-outs. "We believe the next step in this journey is to move to more of a hybrid cloud model, where private and public clouds can interoperate together and share workloads in a secure, compliant manner. And we think Cisco will be a key player in enabling these hybrid clouds."
"Cisco is the only provider able to stand in front of a customer and meet them where they are in their journey, and then secure [their data] all the way through," Campbell said. "That's the value when it comes to our cloud offerings. FedRAMP is one part of how we build across that public, private, and hybrid cloud continuum and allow customers to leverage what they have in the way they need to use it."


text:
India's ecommerce segment to increase fivefold by 2020: ASSOCHAM
Aided by growing number of smartphone owners and investments by retailers in the country, India's ecommerce industry is witnessing a boom which has not been experienced by any other segment in the country in the recent past.
Online transactions in India totalled around $23 billion in 2015, and are expected to reach $120 billion by the turn of decade, according to a research paper released by the Associated Chambers of Commerce of India (ASSOCHAM) last week. This was mainly on account of introducing the cash-on-delivery system and the option of returning goods within 30 days.
"India's ecommerce market was worth about $3.8 billion in 2009 and went up to $17 billion in 2014. It was around $23 billion in 2015 and is expected to touch the $38 billion mark in 2016," ASSOCHAM's Secretary General D S Rawat said.
The sector is also offering employment to thousands of people, both directly and indirectly, with some 250,000 jobs including temporary employees, supply chain, logistics, and ancillary units likely to be generated in the online retail businesses in 2016.
Rawat also said that hiring activities were expected to grow by over 60-65 percent in this sector and may help create between 500,000 to 800,000 job opportunities in the next two to three years.
Latest news on Asia
Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is also growing rapidly as a stable and secure supplement to the ecommerce industry. Shopping online through smartphones is proving to be a game changer, and industry leaders believe that m-commerce could contribute up to 70 percent of their total revenue.
"Increasing internet and mobile penetration, growing acceptability of online payments, and favourable demographics has provided the ecommerce sector in India the unique opportunity to companies to connect with their customers," Rawat said.
Dinesh Agarwal, founder and CEO of IndiaMART, the country's largest online marketplace connecting buyers with suppliers, said the industry recorded stupendous growth in the last four to five years mainly because of options in payment methods.
Dismissing fears that online marketplaces were impacting the traditional shopping, he said that they formed only around 1.5 percent to 2 percent of total retail business in the country. "Even if ecommerce grows to 10 percent by 2020, it will be around $120 billion; as studies show, India's retail market is expected to be around $1 trillion in 2018 and would grow to $1.3 trillion by 2020," Agarwal said.
But the industry will have to cross hurdles, according to Agarwal.
One major challenge has been that many states in the country were not realising the potential of the industry, as although interstate consumerism was growing, there was no proper legislative support from those in power. Human resource is another issue that is bothering the industry which needs to be addressed, Agarwal said.
Padam Singvi, co-founder of Bengaluru-based ecommerce B2B website StoreRoom.in, said that the industry was still in a nascent stage and has a long way to go before achieving its full potential. "We will see a lot of specialised online stores in each category and I believe by 2020, similar to millions of offline shops, we can see whole new bunch of online shops sprouting all over the country," he said.
Singvi also said that lack of internet connectivity, different tax rates in the states, and acceptance of its failure by society are some other challenges faced by the industry.
Another major issue that is bogging down ecommerce companies is financial losses incurred. The majority of companies like Amazon India, Snapdeal, Paytm, and Myntra have been bleeding, going by their financial statements for the year 2014-15, and they are changing policies to solve this.
Amazon.in updated its returns policy page last week, the company saying that mobile phones are no longer eligible for a refund should the customer no longer need them. This means that users can now only return a phone to Amazon if the item is defective or damaged, and only then within 10 days.
"The industry has huge potential but not every company will make profits right from day one and each one has a gestation period," said Brijesh Agrawal, founder and CEO of Tolexo, a B2B initiative, launched a year ago. "For Tolexo, we have set a goal to achieve breakeven within two to four years."
Referring to Amazon India's returns policy modifications, Agrawal said that it was not an anti-consumer policy but to help grow their business. "I will not be surprised if other companies follow suit and take steps such as collecting charges on delivery of items in the near future," he said.
He also predicted that mergers will take place in the industry as party market consolidation efforts, which would be important for survival.


text:
* This item ships INTERNATIONALLY. *
Organic Red Quinoa Nature's Glory
Why Choose us?
* Organically grown in South America (NASAA Certified Organic)
* Passed tests for over 540 agricultural pesticides/ chemicals
* Over 99% whole grains (<1% broken grains)
* Saponin removed
* Vacum packed for freshness
Nature's Glory Organic Red Quinoa is Heart Healthy and an excellent source of dietary fibre. It is also rich in magnesium and folate (B9) with 25% DV (daily value). It is a good source of protein, iron, thiamin (B1), and riboflavin (B2), very low sodium, saturated fat frees, and cholesterol-free. According to the FDA, "Diets rich in whole grain foods and other plant foods, and low in saturated fats and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease and certain cancers." Quinoa has the best amino acid profile of all grain, including lysine and threonine that are rarely found in cereal grains.
Nature's Glory Organic Red Quinoa is one of the fastest cooking whole grains, ready in just 12 to 15 minutes. When cooked the wispy germ separates from the seed and it's delicate, almost crunchy curlicue makes a great contrast to the soft grain. Its mild, sweet flavour and delightful fluffy texture make it a versatile and delicious whole grain.
Use: Use Nature's Glory Organic Red Quinoa as you would rice or any grain. It's delicious as an entrée, with beans and vegetables, as hearty cereal, in stuffed vegetables, and in soups, stews, or salads. Quinoa is also great in desserts and puddings.
Leftover cooked quinoa is also delicious in pancakes, waffles, muffins, biscuits, and bread. Quinoa can be freshly ground into flour for more versatility. Place 3/4 cup of our Quinoa in a blender and grind 3 to 5 minutes until it becomes fine flour; equals 1 cup flour. Use to make delicious wheat and gluten-free desserts, pastries, and baked goods.
Nutritional Fact (serving size ¼ cup uncooked): calories 170, total fat 2g, sodium 5mg, cholesterol 0mg, potassium 220mg, total carbohydrate 32g, dietary fiber 5g, sugars 2g, protein 6g, vitamin E 6%, thiamin(B1) 10%, riboflavin (B2) 15%, vitamin B6 10%, folate (B9) 25%, phosphorus 10%, magnesium 20%, zinc 8%
Storage: Store in a cool dry place
Available: 500g, 1kg
Payment & Security
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.


text:
Delivering the bands you want to see
Metropolis Touring is an Independent Australian Owned Concert Promoter
David-Adrianna Howell
Just got mine delivered - absolutely brilliant!!
Andy Inkster
As a fan they made it very easy to keep in touch with any questions I had about the tour, and their enthusiasm for what they do is obvious.
A highly recommended and extremely professional company with a friendly, personal touch.
Daniel Rigo
Metropolis Touring provided the provided the best experience possible. The whole VIP experience was totally worth it!
Tamara Roder
Meet & Greet was a fantastic experience! Thank you so much for making it happen Metropolis Touring
Sjöfn Caroline Nowotny
They are absolutely awesome! Awesome printed and thick quality paper! Definitely NOT over priced"


text:
Cup of the Day #6
Midtown Cup by Gwyneth Leech
India Ink brush pen on cardboard cup
At last, I was back in the studio painting yesterday. However, I had to break off early to collect my six year old daughter from school and take her in a taxi back to the Garment District to meet my sister for a photo shoot. Kitty Leech is a costume designer and illustrator. She lives in Brooklyn, teaches at NYU and designs off-Broadway shows. Some years ago we had the thrill of going to London to see her costumes in the West End production of "Gross Indecency - the Three Trials of Oscar Wilde".
On the domestic front, Kitty has for years done a phenomenal job of creating lavish costumes for my girls for Halloween. Megan, my eldest, has worn a long series of royal costumes including Marie Antoinette, Cleopatra, Queen Victoria at her coronation, the Snow Queen and 2009's ethereal Queen of the Night.
Last Halloween, Grace, now six, was Mary Poppins and Kitty wants a studio portrait for the archives. So here we are in Midtown in the studio of Barry Burns, photographer. Grace submits to full make up and costume. But the giant steam radiator is hissing and we are all melting when Grace finally gets in front of the lights with carpet bag and parrot-head umbrella lifted high while Barry shoots away, lights flashing. Five - yes 5! - minutes later Grace says "all done" and starts getting out of her costume as fast as she can. Persuasion, entreaties and bribes are useless.
Sister Kitty dressing Grace as Mary Poppins
for Halloween, 2009
for Halloween, 2009
But Barry has got some great shots. And all is not quite over. Grace insists on doing MY hair and makeup and then we go in front of the camera together. One more round with me and my sister, under Grace's direction - two parrot head umbrellas this time - and in all we have a great photo shoot.
While waiting for proofs Kitty recollects the genesis of her coffee habit. When she was three years old, she would sit on the lap of our adored, white-haired Great Aunt Martha, who would feed her black coffee sweetened with sugar from a silver spoon. Kitty was hooked for life. She says I drank the same elixir, but I don't remember it. I swear I never drank coffee until college.
Kitty is a Starbucks gal and has saved a very large quantity of cups for me to draw on. But she indulges my taste when we emerge into the neighborhood of button shops and fabric emporia. We sample New York Lunchbox on 36th between 7th and 8th, a Kosher family business open less than a year. We admire the green glass wall tiles and the dark blue ceiling and Grace enjoys two orders of Sushi, but the espresso machine is broken and the brewed Lavazza coffee tepid.
We try again closer to home, turning in at New York Gourmet Marketplace on the corner of 43rd and 8th (no website!). Grace sits down in the window right next to a man in MTA uniform. He is wearing the largest digital wristwatch I have ever seen and is diligently writing numbers in a notebook as he checks the time-keeping of buses going up 8th avenue. Grace is fascinated by the crackle from his two way radio.
This spotless eatery is another family-run business, open since September, and caters largely to Times Square tourists. My decaf latte comes from one of those pre-programmed machines which the New York Times coffee article decried, but it is delicious to me at the end of a complicated afternoon. Grace wants to know how my coffee is. I consider giving her a taste. Instead I try the frozen yogurt which she is offering me on a plastic spoon.
Guest Cup of the Day
Rose Teacup Fairy by Kitty Leech
Gouache on paper


text:
The little black dress is a staple that has limitless possibilities. It's like a blank canvas on which you can paint anything and create a variety of looks. You can style it up or down, from more casual to formal, from casual-chic to grunge-chic, and from sophisticated to trendy that can take you from day to night. Instead of wearing your favorite little black dress one way, make use of your accessories to create a variety of stylish looks in just one dress. For a timeless and sophisticated style, you may go monochrome or all-black on your looks. Grab a…Read More
Month: October 2015
17 Jaw-Dropping Halloween Makeup Looks
Hey my beautiful ladies! Halloween is the most interesting holiday because you can show your creative side and let your imagination run wild. On this festive day, it is a tradition to wear a costume or mask and thus pretend yourself to be someone else. Every year around this time, we find ourselves on a constant Google search for a fun Halloween costume, because there is nothing worse than being unprepared and freaking out over trying to decide on a last minute costume idea. So, have you found the most frightening costume? For those of you who don't want to…Read More
8 Gorgeous Bridal Separates Modern Brides Will Love
From trendy crop tops to chiffon skirts made for twirling, bridal separates provide a cool twist on the traditional wedding dress. Not only do separates give you the option to mix and match to your heart's content — think: pairing the perfect bodice with the *right* skirt to create a more one-of-a-kind look — they're definitely more likely to become wear-again staples in your wardrobe long after your big day. Itching for some two-piece wedding dress inspo? One of these 8 bridal separates combinations might just create the wedding day outfit of your dreams. 1. Sarah Seven Crop Top No….Read More
How to Turn 11 Dresses into Easy & Pretty Disney Costumes
With live-action Disney flicks coming out left and right and Disney clothing collaborations popping up everywhere, it seems like Disney-spiration is taking hold in every part of our lives. Now with Halloween coming up, there's no better time to embrace our Disney love. We love the idea of a DIY unique halloween costumes that uses everyday clothing, so we're applying that strategy to some of our favorite Disney characters. Scroll on for easy looks that will help you put a little Disney-spiration into both your Halloween costume and your everyday wardrobe. EASY SNOW WHITE COSTUME 1. Pleated Polka Dot Dress…Read More
Chic Coats for Fall That Cost Less Than $100
As the cooler weather starts to draw in, we know that soon we'll need to start covering up – and what better way to keep the chill off than with a chic new coat? Buying some new items for your fall wardrobe is a lovely compensation for having to wave goodbye to summer. And what's more, you don't need to pay a fortune for your coat either. Here are some lovely coats for under $100 … 1. Mint Biker Jacket The classic biker jackets women comes in all sorts of colors and fabrics these days, so fashionistas can easily update…Read More
10 Smart Tricks To Style Dresses For Fat Legs
Fat legs come as a hindrance when it comes to wearing short and sexy dress. It not only makes you feel unattractive it also steals your confidence and thus your desire to sport short dresses. Over and above that, if you have short fat legs then there is nothing much that you can do or try, to make them thin. However, this does not mean that short dress for fat women is a myth. There are some smart ways in which you can wear short dress with your legs not letting you down. LET US SHOW YOU WHAT TO WEAR…Read More


text:
Asante Society members are invited to their annual adults-only fall cocktail event! Sunset on the Savanna will feature unlimited giraffe feeding and carousel rides, a rhino keeper chat, a special cheetah presentation and shopping in Shani Market with a 30% discount*!
*Discount does not apply to Conservation items.
Join Asante to attend!
Asante Members, please RSVP to email@example.com by September 6th.
Not an Asante member? Join today to attend!
All proceeds from Asante membership support the Zoo's animal care, education and conservation programs.


text:
While many Brava users love the TempSensor, we are excited to give you more options! As of today, Brava is releasing programs that enable any Brava user to cook chicken breasts without the TempSensor. This has been a longtime customer request, and our test kitchen chefs have been working hard to bring you this release. You'll still be able to cook chicken breast with the TempSensor if desired; Brava is simply giving you more options.
Until now, all of our recipes for chicken breast required our patented TempSensor, which is one of the most accurate temperature reading devices on the market. Brava's TempSensor has five unique reading points to signal Brava exactly what temperature your protein is at throughout the cooking process. Customers love using the TempSensor to yield a perfectly medium rare steak, or to cook pork chops, salmon, and chicken breasts with extra confidence.
However, sometimes, chicken breasts are too thin to use the TempSensor, or sometimes customers just don't want to use it. That's when Brava's Time-Based cooking option comes in. You can read more about what this new feature looks like via Brava's newest Software Release notes. Brava Chef Erin walks you through how this appears on Brava in the video below:
We will continue to release more of these options in the future — and your voice matters. Write to email@example.com or post in Brava Home's Facebook Community and share what protein you would like to see next.


text:
Amazon reportedly pressured smart-thermostat maker Ecobee to fork over data from its voice-enabled devices even when customers weren't actively using them. When Ecobee pushed back, the e-commerce giant threatened to box the company out of high-profile selling events like Prime Day or refuse Alexa certification for future devices, according to a Wall Street Journal report this week.
Last year, Amazon approached Ecobee among other Alexa-enabled device sellers about sharing "proactive state" data from customers, several company executives confirmed to the Journal. With this data, Amazon would receive updates about the device's status at all times even when customers weren't using them, such as the temperature of their home or whether their doors are locked, among other examples.
Ecobee was hesitant at first. Since its smart thermostats include support for Amazon's voice assistant Alexa, it already shares some user data with the company, but Ecobee worried that this new demand could be a step too far and violate its customers' privacy, a person familiar with the matter said in an interview with Journal. Amazon also has a well-documented history of cloning successful products to sell under its in-house brand, so Ecobee rightfully worried that sharing this data would basically be like handing over a blueprint for Amazon to develop its own competing product.
However, when Ecobee initially refused to provide users' proactive state data, Amazon warned that a refusal might bar the company from major selling events like Prime Day or prevent its future devices from receiving Alexa certification, said one of the people the Journal spoke with. Given that Amazon controls a huge chunk of the global e-commerce market (nearly 40% in the U.S. alone), that kind of move can bankrupt smaller companies like Ecobee.
Amazon spokesperson Jack Evans told the outlet that Amazon uses proactive state data to make better recommendations to customers, and customers agree to share this data when linking their accounts. Amazon did not immediately respond to Gizmodo's request for comment, but we'll be sure to update this blog when they do.
Ecobee spokesperson Andie Weissman said in a statement to the Journal that negotiations remain ongoing and that "Amazon continues to be a valued Ecobee partner."
If true, this would be just the latest example of how Amazon continues to go full mafia-style in leveraging its industry dominance to strongarm its industry partners into cooperating. We've seen it before with HBO Max, which Amazon reportedly brought to its Fire TVs only after the company agreed to host its streaming service on Amazon's Prime Video Channels for a year and extend a lucrative contract with Amazon Web Services, its cloud-computing arm. In addition to stealing designs from other companies for its AmazonBasics line, Amazon also purportedly pressures industry partners to use its logistics arm, Fulfillment by Amazon, by threatening to make it more difficult to sell products on its marketplace, according to the Journal. Amazon even reportedly competes with the companies it invests in, of which Ecobee is one, using its position as a shareholder to access confidential information and develop similar products.
Last October, a House Judiciary antitrust subcommittee concluded what we all already knew: That Amazon and other tech giants have "monopoly power" in their respective markets and "abuse their power by charging exorbitant fees, imposing oppressive contract terms, and extracting valuable data from the people who rely on them."


text:
Fever is any body temperature above 100°F (37.8°C).A healthy person's body temperature fluctuates between 97°F (36.1°C) and 100°F (37.8°C), with the average being 98.6°F (37°C).
Fever occurs when the body's internal thermostat raises the body temperature above its normal level. This thermostat is found in the hypothalamus, a part of brain. The nervous system constantly relays information about the body's temperature to the thermostat, which in turn activates different physical responses designed to cool or warm the body, depending on the circumstances.
A fever occurs when the thermostat resets at a higher temperature, primarily in response to an infection. To reach the higher temperature, the body moves blood to the warmer interior, increases the metabolic rate, and induces shivering.
Shivering generates heat through muscle contraction; and inducing sweating, which cools the body through evaporation. The chills that often accompany a fever are caused by the movement of blood to the body's core, leaving the surface and extremities cold. Once the higher temperature is achieved, the shivering and chills stop.
A fever occurs when your temperature rises above its normal range. What's normal for you may be a little higher or lower than the average temperature of 98.6 F. But a rectal temperature higher than 100.4 F is always considered a fever. A rectal temperature reading is generally 1 degree Fahrenheit higher than an oral reading.
Depending on what's causing your fever, additional fever symptoms may include: Sweating, shivering, headache, muscle aches, lack of appetite, dehydration and general weakness
Very high fevers, between 103 and 106 F, may cause: Hallucinations, confusion, irritability and convulsions
Febrile seizures
About 4 percent of children younger than age 5 experience fever-induced seizures, febrile seizures. The signs of febrile seizures, which occur when a child's temperature rises or falls rapidly, include a brief loss of consciousness and convulsions.
Treating fever
and You can give acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Never give aspirin to a child due to its association with Reye syndrome, a rare but potentially fatal disease.
and Giving a sponge bath help bring the fever down.
and Offer plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration- a fever will cause the patient to lose fluids more rapidly. Water, soup, ice pops, and flavored gelatin are all good choices. Avoid drinks containing caffeine, including colas and tea, because they can cause increased urination.
and Make sure you get plenty of rest.


text:
The forbidden book of banjo secrets!
Download: $15
Click here for free preview of the contents of the book.
Note: For those of you familiar with my book Mandolin Master Class, read by thousands of mandolin players, you will be pleased to know that The Flint Hill Scrolls covers a lot of the same territory but it written specifically for banjo players. I didn't just use search and replace to change "mandolin" to "banjo"! It is a completely new book with a lot of information that is pertinant only to the 5-string banjo.
At workshops and lessons I often used certain sections of Mandolin Master Class with banjo players and people kept saying "Hey, Brad! Why don't you write a version just for banjo players." It took 9 years but I did it. All of the examples are banjo licks and chords and the text is written exactly as I speak. If you don't enjoy it I'll eat my hat! (Hat of my choosing.)
By the way, at the risk of my reputation as a mandolin player and teacher, I must confess that I started on the banjo one year before I got a mandolin. That was back around 1974 and I am still a confirmed banjo nut!
Recent comment from a very satisfied reader:
The Flint Hills Scrolls is AWESOME! So is the video that came with it. The 3 chord shapes with the skip 2, then skip one lesson is priceless.
Thank You!
Brian S.
The Flint Hill Scrolls - The Forbidden Book of Banjo Knowledge (PDF eBook)
by Bradley Laird.
Whether you have been playing 10 days or 10 years, this book was written for you. Instead of simply thinking "put finger here, here and here and pick" you'll begin to understand why you put your fingers there, there and there! And that information has a powerful multiplying effect on your playing.
I like to compare it to this: Let's say you memorize a poem in French but you don't speak French. You could recite the poem perfectly but you wouldn't know what you are doing and couldn't write one simple sentence in French. The same idea applies to the language called music. Read the book and learn the language. The language of music... banjo style!
The only requirements are that you understand the basics of banjo tab and know a few chords and have a desire to learn and explore. The banjo will make a lot more sense after you read this book.
This unique book takes you on a journey of exploration and will decode a lot of the musical mysteries of banjo picking and navigating the fingerboard. This is the most painless music theory for banjo you'll find. And it's a lot more than just that.
Bradley's fun conversational style of teaching will lead you to a better understanding of:
Take a look at the free preview for a better idea of everything the book contains. As Bradley puts it, "If I could sit with a banjo picker for a weekend, and they had a lot of questions, this book is a script for what I would share with them."
The book includes copious chord charts, diagrams, tables and tabbed out examples of scales, chords, backup licks, lead solo licks, and even a few cartoons. The book also contains 6 self-tests (with the answers at the end) to be sure you understand the material.
As if that wasn't enough...
This download also includes a FREE BONUS video of a banjo workshop I did which you don't want to miss. Here are a few clips from the workshop video:
The download includes the eBook "The Flint Hill Scrolls", the workshop video presentation, and--just to make it complete--a PDF of the handout I used the day of the workshop. Have fun!
This is probably the best value anywhere in terms of banjo knowledge!
107 page Printable PDF file
format eBook plus the complete workshop video presentation.
$15 (Immediate
delivery via internet.)
order DIGITAL version of Bradley Laird's "The Flint Hill Scrolls" click
the button below.
iPad users should read these tips before purchasing.
Want to save money? Get the Complete Banjo Learning System with all 5 PDF books + 91 MP3 audio tracks for only $40 Details here...


text:
this picture makes me laugh
Yes! you keep it. You could spend money on fancy cat hammocks, but why bother?
It's been a while since you posted a Fat Cat Files recently...is Fat Cat on vacation?
Enter your email address:
Delivered by FeedBurner
Copyright The Chronicles of a Chicago Mom. Sophie Template designed by Georgia Lou Studios


text:
What is Radium? Element Properties & Periodic Table Info
What is Radium as on the Periodic Table? Definition of the Radium ElementA rare, brilliant white, luminescent, highly radioactive metallic element found in very small amounts in uranium ores. It readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning from almost pure white to black. It is used in cancer radiotherapy, as a neutron source for some research purposes, and as a constituent of luminescent paints. The Atomic Number of this element is 88 and the Element Symbol is Ra.
What is Radium? Origin / Meaning of the name RadiumThe name originates from the Latin word radius meaning ray because of its massive ray-emitting power.
What is Radium? Periodic Table Group and Classification of the Radium ElementElements can be classified based on their physical states (States of Matter) e.g. gas, solid or liquid. This element is a solid. Radium is classified as an "Alkaline Earth Metals" which are located in Group 2 elements of the Periodic Table. An Element classified as an Alkaline Earth Metals are found in the Earth's crust, but not in the elemental form as they are so reactive. Instead, they are widely distributed in rock structures. Nearly 75% of all the elements in the Periodic Table are classified as metals which are detailed in the List of Metals.
Common properties of Alkaline Earth metalsThe elements classed as "Alkaline Earth metals" have the following properties in common:
Facts about the History of the Discovery of discovery of Radium ElementIn 1896 the French scientist Becquerel observed that the mineral pitchblende possesses certain remarkable properties. It affects photographic plates even in complete darkness, and discharges a gold-leaf electroscope when brought close to it. Radium was discovered by Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie in 1898 in pitchblende found in Joachimsthal, North Bohemia. The Curies removed uranium from the pitchblend and found that the remaining material was still radioactive. She succeeded in extracting from it a very small quantity of a substance containing a new element which she named radium. Radium was isolated into its pure metal by Marie and Pierre Curie and Andre Debierne in 1902. In 1910 Madam Curie succeeded in obtaining radium itself by the electrolysis of radium chloride. Handling of radium has since been blamed for Marie Curie's premature death.
What is Radium? Occurrence of the Radium ElementObtained from uranium oresFound in USA, Canada, New Mexico, Australia and Africa
Abundance of Radium% in Universe N/A % in Sun N/A % in Meteorites N/A % in Earth's Crust 9.9×10-12% % in Oceans 1×10-15% % in Humans 1×10-13%
Medical Uses of Radium - Health and TreatmentsInteresting information on the Medical Uses of Radium, Health and Treatments. Radium salts have been used as radiation sources in the treatment of cancer but are gradually being replaced in such therapy by cobalt and cesium. Radium is used in radiation therapy for malignant diseases, particularly those that are readily accessible, such as cancer tumors of the cervix uteri, mouth, or tongue. In the form of needles it can be inserted in the cancerous tissue and left in place until its rays penetrate and destroy malignant cells. Radium can also be used in the form of plaques applied to the diseased tissue. Radium rays have been used in the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, xanthoma and other skin diseases.
Uses of RadiumTreating cancerLuminescent paints
What is Radium? The Properties of the Radium ElementName of Element : Radium Symbol of Element : Ra Atomic Number of Radium : 88Atomic Mass: 226.0 amu Melting Point: 700.0 °C - 973.15 °KBoiling Point: 1737.0 °C - 2010.15 °KNumber of Protons/Electrons in Radium : 88Number of Neutrons in Radium : 138Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 5.0 g/cm3 Color of Radium : brilliant white
Radium as on the Periodic TableCheck out Radium on the Periodic Table which arranges each chemical element according to its atomic number, as based on the Periodic Law, so that chemical elements with similar properties are in the same column. Our Periodic Table is simple to use - just click on the symbol for Radium as on the Periodic Table for additional information and for an instant comparison of the Atomic Weight, Melting Point, Boiling Point and Mass - G/cc with any other element. An invaluable source of facts and information as a Chemistry reference guide.
Other elements classified as Alkaline Earth MetalsThe other elements contained in this classification are as follows:
What is Radium - IUPAC and the Modern Standardised Periodic TableThe Standardised Periodic Table in use today was agreed by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, in 1985 and now recognises more periods and elements than Dimitri Mendeleev knew in his day in his day but still all fitting into his concept of the "Periodic Table" in which Radium is just one element that can be found.
Learn about what is Radium with these fast facts...These articles contain facts and information relating to Radium and each of the other elements including the Periodic Symbol, group, classification, properties and atomic number which is often referred to as the Periodic Table Number. Test your knowledge of chemistry and the Periodic Table by completing the Element Symbols and Atomic Numbers on our Blank Periodic Table. Chemistry students will also find a helpful section on Chemical Formulas.
The Elements are the building blocks of Modern Science & Chemistry
What is Radium - Information - Chemistry - Periodic Table - Element - Info - Uses - What is raduim - Atomic Number - Atomic Weight - Mass - Online - Science - Quiz - What is Radium - Information - Facts - Use - Chemical - Properties - Fact - Density - Radioactive - History - Radium - Liquid - Gas - Solid - Chemical - Melting Point - Boiling Point - Metal - Hallogen - Noble - Rare Earth - What is Radium - Information - Chemistry - Periodic Table - Element - Info - Uses - What is raduim - Atomic Number - Atomic Weight - Mass - Online - Science - Quiz - What is Radium - Information - Facts - Use - Chemical - Properties - Fact - Density - Radioactive - History - Radium - Liquid - Gas - Solid - Chemical - Melting Point - Boiling Point - Metal - Hallogen - Noble - Rare Earth - What is Radium - Chemistry - Chemical - Substance - Compound - Part - Building block - Component - Factor - Module - Constituent - Molecule - Atom - Physical property - Elementary Substance - Isotope - Elment - Elemant - Symbol - Written By Linda Alchin


text:
Previous Page
Antiquity Vol 77 No 295 March 2003
The Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey (ADIAS) has, since its creation in 1991, sought to survey, record and where appropriate, excavate archaeological sites on the coast and islands of Abu Dhabi, one of the seven emirates that make up the United Arab Emirates, in south-east Arabia (King 1998, 7). Recent seasons have focused on islands situated in the shallower waters of North-East Abu Dhabi.
Figure 1: A satellite image of the island of Abu'l-Abyadh, showing the position of archaeological sites.
The largest of these islands, and indeed the largest of any of the more than 200 islands in UAE territory, is Abu'l-Abyadh. This lies around 55 kilometres south-west of Abu Dhabi city, around 8 kilometres north of the mainland of Arabia. The island measures around 35 kilometres east-west by 15 kilometres north-south, representing a large area of unexplored territory. In January and February 2001, a team from the Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey, led by Daniel Hull and Stephen Rowland, completed the first systematic archaeological survey of the island (Hellyer et al 2001; Hellyer & Hull 2002).
This survey located 51 archaeological sites, almost all of which are situated on the island's coastline. Very few sites were found in the interior of the island, since this area was, until recent construction and drainage projects there, made up of low-lying, inter-tidal sand flats.
Figure 2: A pre-excavation photograph of one the hearths sampled for charcoal, for Carbon 14 dating.
Figure 3: Foundations of a Late Islamic, palm frond structure, on the south coast of the island.
The sites consist largely of surface features, such as hearths, structures, and middens, as well as artefact scatters, primarily of pottery and flint. The dating of the majority of these sites remains ambiguous, but analysis of pottery scatters within and around each site by Dr. Robert Carter (Institute of Archaeology, UCL; Hellyer et al 2001) has given some interesting indications. One site yielded pottery of the 'Ubaid period (that is, the sixth and fifth millennia BC). Three other sites produced pottery suggestive of the Late Pre-Islamic, or Early Islamic, periods (the fifth to eighth centuries AD). Since 28 of the 29 sites with pottery scatters produced sherds of Late Islamic date, the majority of human activity on the island is likely to date to between the fourteenth century and the arrival of oil-based industrial development in the UAE in the 1950s.
Since it has often been found to be the case on the islands of Abu Dhabi that Late Islamic sherds occur in conjunction with sites of earlier periods, a series of minor excavations were carried out on surface hearths in order to provide dates from Carbon 14 analysis. The forthcoming results are awaited with interest.
Preliminary spatial analysis of the location of Late Islamic structures, whether secular in the form of foundations for palm frond houses, or religious in the form of 'outline' mosques, reveals that the majority of settlement took place on the far south-west tip of the island, at a place known locally as Ra's Muqayshit, and on the north-west coast at Ra's al Hadhra. The distribution of sherds of large storage vessels corresponds with these two centres of settlement, as does the presence of Islamic graves. However, even at these two locations, oral historical evidence provided by older members of the Rumaythat subsection of the Bani Yas tribe, whose ancestors are believed to have been the primary occupiers of the coast and islands of North-East Abu Dhabi, reveals that very few settlements on the islands of the Lower Gulf were ever permanent, with Abu Dhabi island, Dalma, Ghagha and Sadiyat the only exceptions due to the presence of ground water there. On the majority of islands, Abu'l-Abyadh included, a pattern of migration took place until the 1950s which was based on the harvesting of abundant marine faunal resources. Preliminary observations of a number of middens located during the survey indicate that a diverse range of species were exploited. In evidence were reptiles, especially the green turtle Chelonia mydas, marine mammals, such as the dugong Dugong dugon and dolphins Delphinus sp., seabirds, including the Socotra Cormorant Phalocrocorax nigrogularis, shellfish such as the spiny oyster Spondylus marisrubri and the gastropod Hexaplex kuesterianus, as well as fish, among them shark Carcharhinus sp., stingray Dasyatis uarnak and hamour (or grouper) Epinephelus tauvina.
Figure 4: One of a large number of middens on Abu'l-Abyadh. This example displays evidence for dugong and green turtle
Figure 5: Detail of a Pinctada radiata midden.
An important aspect of the economy of this period was pearl fishing. The shallow waters of the southern Arabian Gulf, and especially those pertaining to the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, are host to great numbers of pearl beds, many of which lie immediately to the north and north-west of Abu'l-Abyadh. The survey found extensive evidence of pearl fishing, especially to the north-west, where the processing of at least one species of pearl oyster Pinctada radiata was carried out, until the near-collapse of the industry during the 1930s. The oral historical research also provided evidence for this practice. One particular midden was found to measure over 3 kilometres in length, and is estimated to contain between 50 and 100 million shells.
ADIAS plans to carry out further, more intensive, work on Abu'l-Abyadh in forthcoming seasons.References
Hull, Abu Dhabi Islands Archaeological Survey, PO Box 45553. firstname.lastname@example.com
Previous Page


text:
NIRMV Teen Activity/Puzzle Book Drive exceeded expectations. We were able to donate 325 items to Crossroads for Youth on September 25, 2020. In addition, 20 coloring/activity books were also donated to the great community resource center. Thanks to Chair Leona Phillips and Co Chair Jackie Butts for delivering the donations.
Tuesday, October 27, 2020
Home » CrossroadsForYouth , donations , jackie butts , leona phillips , teens , youth » NIRMV Book Drive Benefits Crossroads for Youth
NIRMV Book Drive Benefits Crossroads for Youth
By NIRMV 2:39 PM