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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alterations of neck vessel cross-sectional area in multiple sclerosis have been reported. Our aim was to investigate the evolution of the neck vessel cross-sectional area in patients with MS and healthy controls during 5 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with MS (44 relapsing-remitting MS, 25 progressive MS) and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were examined twice, 5 years apart, on a 3T MR imaging scanner using 2D neck MR angiography. Cross-sectional areas were computed for the common carotid/internal carotid arteries, vertebral arteries, and internal jugular veins for all slices between the C3 and C7 cervical levels. Longitudinal cross-sectional area differences at each cervical level and the whole-vessel course were tested within study groups and between patients with MS with and without cardiovascular disease using mixed-model analysis and the related-samples Wilcoxon singed rank test. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was performed to correct for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS: No significant cross-sectional area differences were seen between patients with MS and healthy controls at baseline or at follow-up. During the follow-up, significant cross-sectional area decrease was found in patients with MS for the common carotid artery–ICAs (C4: P = .048; C7: P = .005; whole vessel: P = .012), for vertebral arteries (C3: P = .028; C4: P = .028; C7: P = .028; whole vessel: P = .012), and for the internal jugular veins (C3: P = .014; C4: P = .008; C5: P = .010; C6: P = .010; C7: P = .008; whole vessel: P = .002). Patients with MS without cardiovascular disease had significantly greater change than patients with MS with cardiovascular disease for internal jugular veins at all levels.
CONCLUSIONS: For 5 years, patients with MS showed significant cross-sectional area decrease of all major neck vessels, regardless of the disease course and cardiovascular status.
- common carotid artery
- cross-sectional area
- cardiovascular disease
- Expanded Disability Status Scale
- healthy controls
- healthy controls with cardiovascular disease
- HCnoCVD
- healthy controls without no cardiovascular disease
- internal jugular vein
- interquartile range
- patients with MS with cardiovascular disease
- MSnoCVD
- patients with MS without cardiovascular disease
- relapsing-remitting MS
- progressive MS
- vertebral artery
- whole vessel
- multiple sclerosis
- internal carotid artery
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. MS does not seem to be triggered by a single specific factor, and there is mounting evidence that genetic, environmental, and cardiovascular risk factors play an important role in the development of the disease.1
Although still elusive, the involvement of the vascular component in MS has been investigated across time from different points of view.2⇓⇓–5 The disruption of the blood-brain barrier and the perivenular topography of MS lesions are recognized as well-established features of MS pathology.2 Furthermore, MS lesions have been observed to be most commonly located in watershed areas of low arterial blood supply,3 while in vitro experiments revealed that neural ischemia triggers tight junction disruption, increasing endothelial permeability.4 Recently, alterations of neurovascular coupling have also been reported in terms of impaired cerebrovascular reactivity.5
In addition, the presence of vascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and heart disease, has been shown to be associated with more severe disability,6,7 increased lesion burden,8 higher risk of relapse,9 greater brain atrophy,10,11 and increased risk of stroke and heart failure12 in patients with MS.
The association of MS with systemic diseases affecting the cardiovascular system suggests that vascular involvement in the pathology may not be limited to only the neurovascular interface. Because extracranial structural changes impact intracranial pressure and hemodynamics,13 the investigation of the main routes of brain blood supply and drainage might help to better understand the involvement of the vascular component in MS.
In the past 10 years, some studies have investigated internal jugular vein (IJV) structure and hemodynamics in MS. However, contrasting results were reported,14⇓–16 and it was not possible to unequivocally conclude that patients with MS have a higher prevalence of IJV abnormalities with respect to healthy individuals. A recent large study shifted the focus of investigation from neck veins to the main arterial pathways of brain supply, showing reduced cross-sectional area (CSA) of the internal carotid artery and vertebral artery (VA) in patients with MS compared with healthy controls (HC).17
No longitudinal studies of neck vessel CSA have been reported in the literature so far. Thus, it is not clear whether altered neck vessel CSA is a primary or secondary phenomenon in MS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of ICA, VA, and IJV CSAs during 5 years in a group of patients with MS and HC. We also aimed to examine differences in neck vessel CSA evolution between patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and progressive MS (PMS). Finally, we examined changes in the CSA across time in relation to cardiovascular comorbidities.
Materials and Methods
Study Design and Population
The subjects are part of an ongoing prospective, longitudinal study of cardiovascular, environmental, and genetic risk factors in MS.18 At baseline assessment, patients with MS and HC (an approximately 3:1 ratio) were originally enrolled at our center between 2009 and 2014.19 The inclusion criteria for this substudy of cardiovascular, environmental, and genetic factors in MS were the following: 1) being a patient with RRMS or PMS, according to the criteria of Lublin and Reingold20 or a healthy control at baseline examination; 2) 5-year follow-up from initial enrollment in the cardiovascular, environmental, and genetic study; 3) having neck MR imaging at baseline and follow-up using the same 3T scanner and protocol; 4) 18–75 years of age; and 5) a physical/neurologic examination within 30 days from the standardized MR imaging study protocol. Exclusion criteria were the following: 1) the presence of a relapse and steroid treatment within the 30 days preceding study entry; 2) pre-existing medical conditions known to be associated with brain or neck pathology; or 3) pregnancy.
Demographic and clinical information was collected for all participants. The body mass index was computed for each subject, and smoking status was recorded. For patients with MS, disability was quantified with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) by an experienced neurologist. Furthermore, both MS and HC groups were split into 2 subgroups (ie, patients with MS with and without cardiovascular disease [MSCVD and MSnoCVD], healthy controls with and without cardiovascular disease [HCCVD and HCnoCVD]). Subjects who presented with hypertension and/or heart disease and/or hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes were classified as subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD).
The study was approved by local institutional review board of the University at Buffalo, and all participants provided written informed consent.
MR Imaging Acquisition
All participants were scanned twice, 5 years apart, with a 3T Signa Excite HD 12.0 TwinSpeed 8-channel scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin), using an 8-channel head and neck coil (HDNV; Medrad, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). No hardware and software changes occurred during the follow-up. The MR imaging examination consisted of a 2D neck time-of-flight MR angiography, which is described in the On-line Appendix.
MR Imaging Analysis
Image quality control was performed by an experienced operator. Segmentation of the left and right common carotid arteries–internal carotid arteries (CCA–ICAs), VAs, and IJVs was performed semiautomatically for all slices between the C2–C3 and C7–T1 intervertebral spaces with the Jim 6.0 software package (http://www.xinapse.com/home.php). Specifically, the vessel contour was drawn by an operator on a single axial slice using the edge-detection and contour-following algorithm and propagated on the other slices with edge-seeking and 3D propagation modes.21 The operator was blinded to the group status and verified the segmentation results, manually editing them, if necessary. Then, neck vessel CSA was computed for each segmented slice, and CSA-to-slice curves were resampled to obtain the same number of measures (ie, samples) for all the subjects, as described previously.22 More details about segmentation and resampling methodology are reported in the On-line Appendix.
For each MRA image, CSA measures of the left and right corresponding vessels were summed at each sample to derive total CCA–ICA, VA, and IJV CSA values. Change in CSA (ΔCSA) during the 5 years was computed for all total CSA values by subtracting the total CSA at baseline from the corresponding total CSA at follow-up.
Statistical Analysis
All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS (Version 24; IBM, Armonk, New York). Demographic and clinical differences between groups and subgroups were assessed at baseline with the Fisher exact test, Student t test, and Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. The normality of data was assessed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and CSA and ΔCSA data distributions were transformed if needed.
Group median and interquartile range (IQR) were computed for total CSA at baseline, total CSA at follow-up, and ΔCSA at each cervical level and for the whole-vessel (WV) course.
We tested these group comparisons: HC versus MS, RRMS versus PMS, MSCVD versus MSnoCVD, and HCCVD versus HCnoCVD. Baseline-to-follow-up CSA differences between groups were assessed with linear mixed-model analysis. Group differences at the same time point and baseline-to-follow-up differences within each group were tested on the WV with mixed-model analysis. At each cervical level, group differences were assessed for CSA at baseline, for CSA at follow-up, and for ΔCSA, either with the Mann-Whitney U test for matched groups or with linear mixed-model analysis, correcting for the demographic or clinical nonmatching factors. To evaluate differences between baseline and follow-up CSA within each group at each cervical level, we used the related-samples Wilcoxon singed rank test. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was performed to correct for multiple comparisons.
More details about mixed-model analysis are reported in the On-line Appendix. P values < .05 were considered significant.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
In total, 69 consecutive patients with MS (44 with RRMS and 25 with PMS, consisting of 23 with secondary-progressive and 2 with primary-progressive MS) and 22 age- and sex-matched HC were included in the study (Table 1). No significant differences in body mass index, prevalence of any CVD, and smoking status were observed between the MS and HC groups. There were significant differences between the RRMS and PMS subgroups regarding age (P < .001), EDSS (P < .001), disease duration (P = .001), and the prevalence of hypertension (P = .023). Fifty-five (79.7%) of 69 patients were on disease-modifying therapy (29 on interferon β, 18 on glatiramer acetate, and 8 on natalizumab). Demographic and clinical information related to MSCVD, MSnoCVD, HCCVD, and HCnoCVD subgroups are summarized in On-line Table 1.
Assessment of CSA in MS and HC Groups
All the acquired scans were classified as good-quality images. On-line Fig 1 shows an example of the segmented regions of interest (ROIs). Total CCA–ICA, VA, and IJV median CSA values at baseline and follow-up for the MS and HC groups and respective group-comparison results are reported in Table 2. The CSA-to-samples curves at baseline and at follow-up are shown for HC and patients with MS in Fig 1.
No significant differences were observed between MS and HC subjects in total CSA at baseline or at follow-up for any of the considered neck vessels. Furthermore, baseline-to-follow-up comparison between patients with MS and HC did not yield any significant differences.
In the MS group, significantly smaller total CSA at follow-up with respect to baseline was found for CCA–ICAs (C4: P = .048; C7: P = .005; WV: P = .012), for VAs (C3: P = .028; C4: P = .028; C7: P = .028; WV: P = .012), and for IJVs (C3: P = .014; C4: P = .008; C5: P = .010; C6: P = .010; C7: P = .008; WV: P = .002). No significant group differences were observed for CSA at baseline and follow-up or baseline to follow-up for any of the neck vessels or the cervical level in patients with MS with and without disease-modifying therapy.
HC showed significantly smaller total CSA at follow-up compared with baseline for only CCA–ICAs at the C7 level (P = .03).
Assessment of CSA in RRMS and PMS
Neck vessel total CSA measures of RRMS and PMS and respective group comparison results are summarized in On-line Table 2. The CSA to sample curves at baseline and at follow-up are shown for RRMS and PMS in On-line Fig 2.
No significant CSA differences were found between RRMS and PMS groups at baseline or at follow-up. Furthermore, no significant baseline-to-follow-up differences between RRMS and PMS were observed.
Within the RRMS group, a significantly smaller CSA at follow-up with respect to baseline was observed for CCA–ICAs (C7: P = .035), for VAs (WV: P = .030), and for IJVs (WV: P = .032).
The PMS group showed significantly reduced CSA at follow-up with respect to baseline for CCA–ICAs (WV: P = .036) and for IJVs (C4: P = .040; C5: P = .040; C6: P = .040; C7: P = .040; WV: P = .021).
Assessment of the CSA Association with CVD in MS and HC Groups
No significant CSA differences between MSCVD and MSnoCVD were found at baseline (On-line Table 3). However, the CSA decreased with time, and ΔCSA was significantly larger in MSnoCVD with respect to MSCVD for IJVs (C3: P = .018; C4: P = .018; C5: P = .010; C6: P = .015; C7: P = .018; WV: P = .003). The CSA-to-samples curves at baseline and follow-up are shown for both subgroups in Fig 2. No significant group differences were observed for CSA at baseline and follow-up or baseline to follow-up for any of the neck vessels or cervical levels in patients with MS with (n = 32) and without (n = 37) smoking status.
Both CSA at baseline and ΔCSA were not significantly different between HCCVD and HCnoCVD (On-line Table 4).
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study assessing CCA–ICA, VA, and IJV CSA evolution across time in patients with MS. The main finding of this study is that a reduction of all major neck vessel CSA was observed during 5 years in patients with MS. A smaller CSA at follow-up was seen independent of disease phenotype and vascular comorbidity, while only sporadic changes were found for HC during the same time observation.
Most interesting, the CSA of both neck arteries for brain supply and veins for extracranial drainage was found to be affected at several cervical levels in patients with MS during the follow-up. A significant CSA decrease with time was also found in HC but only at the C7 cervical level for CCA–ICAs. Given the small sample size of HC, this isolated difference should be interpreted with caution.
Despite the emerging effects of the role of cardiovascular comorbidities in contributing to MS disease severity,7,8,10⇓–12 there is scarce evidence of the involvement of neck arterial structural changes. A recent study showed lower CCA–ICA and VA CSA in a group of 193 patients with MS compared with 193 HC.17 Furthermore, significantly higher carotid intima-media thickness was observed in MS without CVD with respect to HC, suggesting that patients with MS have a predisposition to atherosclerosis.24 Both MS and atherosclerosis are associated with an increase of plasma level of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and endothelial microparticles.25⇓⇓⇓–29 In addition, the progression and severity of both diseases are known to be associated with lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism.7,30,31 All this evidence and our results showing a consistent decrease of CCA–ICA and VA CSA with time in the MS group suggest that the 2 pathologies may share some mechanisms that cause or increase the inflammatory reaction.
The reduction of ICA and VA CSA may also be associated with hypoperfusion of normal-appearing brain tissue, which has been previously observed in MS.32,33 Although the clinical correlations between MS and perfusion alterations have not been strongly established,34 some studies showed an association between reduced gray matter cerebral blood flow, cognitive impairment,32 and fatigue,35 while 1 study showed an inverse correlation between periventricular normal-appearing white matter CBF and EDSS.33 Because hypoperfusion was also observed in the absence of GM atrophy in early RRMS,32 it may not only be an epiphenomenon in MS. Longitudinal combined studies of neck vessel CSA, brain perfusion, and GM volume could help to clarify the link existing among these different types of alterations.
In this work, a significant and consistent reduction of CSA with time in MS was also observed for IJVs. This result must be interpreted against a background of conflicting findings. Some previous cross-sectional studies have shown a greater prevalence of morphologic and hemodynamic alterations of extracranial venous drainage pathways in patients with MS with respect to HC.14,16 On the other hand, some other studies reported an absence of significant differences between patients with MS and HC regarding IJV CSA and flow rates.15,36 Our results at baseline are in line with the latter group of findings. However, the IJV CSA changes that we observed longitudinally in this study in patients with MS may suggest a potential link between IJV CSA and the disease course. The clinical relevance of these observations remains elusive. Recently, extracranial venous angioplasty has been reported to be largely ineffective at impacting the course of MS37; therefore, caution should be used when drawing final conclusions. The investigation of fluid dynamics of the brain, including the recently discovered sinus-associated lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic pathways, may shed more light on the relation between vascular and immune/inflammatory factors in MS.38 By interpreting the obtained IJV CSA reduction together with the CSA decrease of neck arteries with time in MS, one could also explain a decrease in IJV CSA because of a potential flow reduction in CCA–ICA and VA pathways.
Cardiovascular risk factors and CVD are well-known to adversely affect the course of MS.1 Specifically, smoking was reported to be associated with increased BBB disruption, higher lesion volumes, greater brain atrophy,23 and more rapid conversion from RRMS to a PMS disease course.39 Obesity was shown to be linked with increased MS risk and higher disability.40 Also diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart disease are associated with worse disability and a more severe disease course,6,7 increased lesion burden, and more advanced brain atrophy.10,11 Nevertheless, in the present study, greater change of IJV CSA at all cervical levels was observed for MSnoCVD compared with MSCVD. The limited sample size and the group inhomogeneity may have prevented us from highlighting CVD as an exacerbating factor for neck vessel CSA decrease. However, because CSA changes were also found in MSnoCVD, neck vessel CSA reduction with time in MS might not be necessarily driven by CVD only. Investigating the effect of CVD and other potential MS-related factors on CCA–ICA, VA, and IJV CSA in a larger cohort of subjects is warranted to make clearer speculations.
The relatively small sample size, especially of the HC group, is the main limit of this study, and it must be considered when interpreting our findings. Indeed, the comparison of neck vessel CSA between patients with MS and HC at baseline did not lead to any significant results, while a much larger recent study has reported a significantly lower CCA–ICA and VA CSA in patients with MS with respect to HC.17 Furthermore, no significant CSA differences were found between MS and HC subjects at follow-up as well as in baseline-to-follow-up comparisons, probably due to the discrepancies in sample size between patients with MS and HC groups. Nevertheless, the extensive longitudinal CSA change that we observed in the MS group for all the neck vessels indirectly corroborates the previous findings of neck vessel CSA alterations in MS.14,16
Other limitations are that TOF MR imaging signal depends on flow velocity and that by measuring CSA on TOF MRA axial slices, vessels are assumed to be perpendicular to the axial plane. Slow flow and the presence of blood refluxes might produce inaccurate CSA estimation; however, as opposed to contrast-enhanced MRA, TOF MR imaging has the advantage of imaging neck vessels in a noninvasive way.41 Furthermore, the assumption of the perpendicularity of the vessels to the axial plane was made for all vessels within the considered cervical levels; nevertheless, in future studies, CSA measures could be improved by considering the angle between the vessel longitudinal axis and the z-axis. Despite these limitations, the reliability and repeatability of the acquisition and segmentation methods used in this study were assessed and confirmed previously.22
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study assessing CCA–ICA, VA, and IJV CSA evolution with time in MS. The dependence of neck vessel CSA measures on many factors such as positioning, hydration, body mass index, and respiration have probably discouraged longitudinal evaluations so far. However, recent reports demonstrated the repeatability of neck vessel semiautomatic segmentation on TOF MRA images,21,22 making longitudinal studies feasible.
Future studies, involving larger groups of subjects and the acquisition of more data such as intima-media thickness measures, perfusion MR imaging, and GM volume should be performed to better understand these preliminary findings.
Patients with MS showed a decrease of CCA–ICA, VA, and IJV CSA during 5 years, regardless of the disease phenotype. Because neck vessel CSA evolution with time was found to be altered in MS even in the absence of CVD, CSA reduction might also be influenced by MS-related factors.
Disclosures: Giuseppe Baselli—UNRELATED: Employment: Politecnico di Milano, Comments: This work is part of my research duties as Full Professor of the Politecnico di Milano. Bianca Weinstock-Guttman—UNRELATED: Consultancy: Biogen Idec, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Novartis, Genentech, Celgene, EMD Serono; Grants/Grants Pending: Biogen, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Novartis, Genentech*; Payment for Lectures Including Service on Speakers Bureaus: Biogen, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Genentech. Robert Zivadinov—UNRELATED: Consultancy: Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Celgene, EMD Serono; Grants/Grants Pending: Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Celgene, EMD Serono, Protembis*; Payment for Lectures Including Service on Speakers Bureaus: Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Celgene, EMD Serono. *Money paid to the institution.
Research reported in this publication was funded in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award Number UL1TR001412 and, in part, by the Annette Funicello Research Fund for Neurological Diseases and internal resources of the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center. In addition, we received support from the Jacquemin Family Foundation.
The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org
- Received April 19, 2018.
- Accepted after revision June 6, 2018.
- © 2018 by American Journal of Neuroradiology


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Who helps us strengthen the immune system? You will find the answer below. Young bees are the main producers of an incredible product which is known as bee pollen. It is a mixture of pollen, saliva, and nectar or honey that bees produce when they land on a flower. They shape bee pollen into a [Blog]
Tag Archives: antioxidants
Many of us suffer from seasonal pollen allergies. This one causes a stuffy and itchy nose, sneezing and itchy eyes. Many over the counter allergy relief medicines, while effective, can make us drowsy and bring down our energy levels quite a bit. Some say that a good alternative might just once again be offered to [Blog]

subset: commoncrawl


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According to polls conducted last year by the Pew Research Center and The Wall Street Journal/NBC News, many Americans are souring on higher education. There is a concern among many that college is becoming an opportunity limited to the privileged, and a growing sense that the expense doesn't justify the return. Other detractors paint colleges as anti-American barracks in the culture wars.
Harvard is perhaps the best-known institution of higher education in the U.S., but with that popularity comes a vulnerability to stereotypes.
Harvard students are some of the brightest and most ambitious, but they are still regular people who need to relax and pursue interests outside of school. Harvard's new Instagram series, #HarvardUnwind, seeks to showcase that lighter side of the student body. Students like music and TV that they are reluctant to admit to. They have profound thoughts but also puzzling pet peeves, and, just like anyone who has been working hard, they are eager for an excuse to take a break.
Follow #HarvardUnwind on Instagram to see how Harvard students unwind.


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The Group Managing Director, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), Dr. Maikanti Baru, is expected to woo investors to the potential investments in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria.
He is billed to address foreign investors at the CERAWeek, an international energy conference scheduled for Houston, the U.S, today.
Baru, who will speak during a Special Session titled: Africa: Foundations for New Investment, will be joined by some African petroleum ministers, heads of National Oil Companies (NOCs) and other global energy industry leaders.
He is expected to discuss the abundant investment opportunities in Nigeria's oil and gas industry, particularly providing meaningful insights into key investment initiatives as they affect the country's emerging capital projects within the oil, gas, power and the renewable energy sectors.
In the same vein, Dr. Baru will be among African oil and gas industry leaders, who will join the U.S. Energy Secretary, Rick Perry, in a private government-to-government meeting on trade engagement between the U.S and African countries.
Organised by IHS Markit, CERA is a global platform on energy trends and public policy where over 4,000 oil and gas experts convene annually to debate the future of oil, natural gas, renewable energy, power and new technologies.
This year's edition will explore other big issues confronting the energy industry, hosting speakers such as U.S. Secretary of State, Mike Pompeo; OPEC Secretary General, Mohammed Barkindo and the Crown Princess of Denmark, Mary Elizabeth among others.


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Unlike other forms of paving, asphalt paving can provide the best ROI (Return on Investment). A well-constructed and well-designed asphalt pavement rarely require replacement or repairs. This is particularly true if you compare it to concrete pavements.
When it comes to pavements, it can be extremely difficult to restore them once they reach the end of their lifespan. Because of that, you have to proactively maintain your pavement to enjoy the benefits of asphalt.
One of the most crucial factors in keeping a smooth pavement is hiring a reliable asphalt paving contractor. You can visit nashvilleasphaltpros.com if you want to know more. Once the installation is done, you need to know the dos and don'ts for effective maintenance. Here are some of them:
Avoid driving on your newly paved surface for the first 24 hours. The first 24 hours after the installation of the asphalt pavement is called cure time. This will allow the asphalt to completely dry. Depending on the conditions, you might even have to wait for more than 48 hours.
Do not ignore asphalt maintenance. One of the best things you can do to maintain your asphalt pavement is to invest in high-quality preventative maintenance. For those who don't know, regular maintenance and cleaning can greatly increase the lifespan of your asphalt pavement. This will help you get the most out of your investment.
Nowadays, there are a lot of guides online on how to take care of your pavements. All you've got to do is to do your research.
Use sifted topsoil for your new asphalt. This is particularly true if you haven't utilized sod for landscaping. Several types of soils can react with asphalt. If this happens, it can result in small flaking at the bevel edge. Thus, it's crucial to use sod.
You should not seal coat your new asphalt pavement for at least 2-3 years. If you apply it too soon, the additives in the sealcoat can lead to cracks. Professionals recommend that you sealcoat the asphalt every 3-5 years. The job of this coating is to protect your asphalt surface from harmful contaminants such as car fluids, water, and UV rays.
Make sure you avoid oil spills on the surface of your asphalt pavement. For those who don't know, oil can deteriorate the asphalt. If you allow oil spills to happen, they can result in cracks.
Do not park your cars exactly in the same area all the time. It may lead to low spots or impressions on the pavement surface. Make sure you change the position of your vehicle now and then.
As soon as you notice cracks, make sure you apply crack seal products right away. Over time, you may notice cracks on your asphalt pavement. Water can penetrate these cracks and deteriorate the stability of your pavement.
If you choose to ignore small cracks, they will become potholes or alligator cracks. To avoid expensive repairs in the future, you should try to fix small cracks as soon as you notice them.


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Latest Articles:
By Perry Rod, Published: October 20th, 2015 5:07 PM CDT
Pictured Above: Beverly Hills Listing; Below: Lopez Advertisement removed due to "deceptive practices"
A new YouTube advertisement by self-help marketer Tai Lopez entitled "Here in My Backyard" appears to display a home that is likely not owned by Mr. Lopez. The ad is a follow up to a now famous and parodied advertisement, "Here in My Garage", where Lopez shows expensive cars he claims to own and offers to help others achieve wealth.
A video by h3h3Productions entitled "The Tai Lopez Conspiracy" shows a home with a short-term rental advertisement on Zillow.com designed and decorated exactly as it is displayed in Mr. Lopez's video. Mr. Lopez claims in the video that the home, which is located in Beverly Hills, is his own home in his YouTube advertisement. However, records show it was last purchased in 1996 by 62 year old Marc Bohbot and 55 year old Michelle Bohbot. Michelle Bohbot is a notable fashion designer and creator of the Bisou Bisou brand that is licensed to JC Penney Company (JCP) Inc. The home was listed for sale for 44 million and removed as a listing in May 2013. The listing was offered by Steven Bohbot, the son of Marc and Michelle Bohbot. In April 2015 it was listed for rent and went through at least seven price reductions through August 2015, where it was listed at $75,000 a month. The listing was offered again by Steven Bohbot, the son of Marc and Michelle Bohbot, who is also a licensed broker and whose name appears to be affiliated with Bradley Simmons Realty.
It is unclear for how long Mr. Lopez is renting the property but clear that Lopez wants his viewers to believe that he owns the property. YouTube parent Google - Now AlphaBet Inc. (GOOG) - has a policy on scam advertising stating, "Some users create content which attempts to trick others for their own financial gain. Content that deliberately tries to mislead users for financial gain may be removed, and in some cases strikes may be issued to the uploader. Please be wary of claims that seem too good to be true, as they likely are." In addition to the suspected misleading claims, it is also unclear how much financial benefit Mr. Lopez and Alphabet Inc. have achieved on these potentially deceptive advertisements. In both advertisements Mr. Lopez appears to use his own purported wealth to lure in customers for his self-help products.
[Note: Another video posted shows evidence that his cars are also rented.]
2017 Update: It appears that "Here in My Backyard" was removed by Google due to, "violating YouTube's policy on spam, deceptive practices, and scams." There was a great line in that video:
"This is where I like to read a book and stuff like that."
Also, "Here in My Garage" appears to have been filmed at 8425 Hillside Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90069. This is the same address where a journalist from VICE interviewed Mr. Lopez in September 2015 and was told that Lopez was the "owner" of the home. However, records suggest that the home is owned by Colecrest LLC whose owner is Craig Walton, a Los Angeles building contractor (who also owns other homes). The home was last purchased in 1997 for $117,045, according to records online. In other words, Mr. Lopez seems to be caught in another lie.
Related: GOOG, JCP
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Copyright 2014 All Rights Reserved; Patent Pending


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The Paper Shelter #156 ~ Use that ribbon
Creative Inspirations #263 ~ Spring Flowers
Fussy and Fancy Friday #113 ~ Spring colours
Crafts 4 Eternity #174 ~ Stamp It
OSAAT #211 ~ Ribbon or lace
This is so sweet Jac - my first thought was 'aaaahhh' because I saw the little lamb! Love the blues and lemons together and the digi is great.
Thank you so much for joining us over at the OSAAT challenge this week, lots of luck to you.
Hugs Sue Pxxx DT members
Beautiful,gorgeous image and details.xxxReplyDelete
Your card is so beautiful! Love the blue/yellow color combo, the gorgeous flowers and the super cute image. Thanks for joining us at Fussy and Fancy Friday Challenges and don't miss our blog hop for a chance to win amazing prizes! Hugs, IvonneReplyDelete
Gorgeous card Jac love that image also the wonderful colours a super, super card.
lorraine x
Very sweet and lovely looking card. Stunning. Thanks for joining us over at the Paper Shelter.
Love n hugs
This is such a sweet card. Thank you for joining us in the OSAAT challenge this week and I wish you luck. ChristineReplyDelete
What a wonderful image...a perfect choice for an animal lover...especially future vet!! Beautiful card Jac...thanks for sharing with us at Fussy and Fancy "Spring Colours"!!ReplyDelete
Lovely card Jac Thanks for joining us at Crafts 4 Eternity this week hugs xReplyDelete
Such a beautiful card and that image is such a darling! Love your colours too. Thank you for joining in The Paper Shelter Challenge this week.
Hugs, Vannessa
And thank you for joining in the Fussy and Fancy Challenge this fortnight too.
Hugs, Vannessa
Ett så sött kort med trevligt motiv.
Tack för att du är med oss på Fussy and Fancy Spring Colours Shallenge
h. Katharina


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Afternoon Delight: How Gerald Wallace Decides to Get Angry
Hey Guys,
I know a lot of people are wondering how Gerald Wallace decides when it's a good time to get angry. Luckily, I actually have done some deep detective work, and have retrieved this flow chart from his home. I can't reveal anything more at this time.
PS: I guess he's not that great at MS Paint?
follow me on twitter: @mattdotrich


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St. Patrick's Day takes place Thursday, March 17th. A holiday that celebrates the heritage and culture of the Irish, it's a festival known for four-leaf clovers, fun parades, and green-dyed treats. It's also a celebration we love, and not just because Wilmington, NC offers many different ways to experience the luck o' the Irish! Here are some of the local events that we're looking forward to enjoying. We hope to see you there!
St. Patrick's Day Festival & Parade
March 12, Downtown Wilmington
The parade starts at 11 AM and is followed by a festival that features live music, dancing, food, and beverages. Admission is free and the fun lasts until 6 PM. Rain or shine, this event offers fun for the whole family. Don't miss it!
Top o'the Mornin' to Ya!
March 11-12, TheaterNOW
Wilmington's own TheatreNOW puts an Irish twist on their popular dinner theater program, thanks to Penny Kohut's Top o'the Mornin' to Ya! The show features Faith and Begorrah, morning talk show hosts direct from Ireland. According to TheaterNOW: "This Irish 'Hoda & Kathie Lee' are taking on every last "pun" ditty they can in this hilarious take on the American electoral race. All this is served with a heaping helping of deliciousness from Chef Denise's kitchen for this St. Paddy's Day themed show." Get your tickets now!
Ironclad Brewery's St. Patrick's Day Celebration
March 12, Ironclad Brewery
Ironclad Brewery, located at 115 N. Second St. in downtown Wilmington, is getting into the St. Patrick's Day spirit with an Irish Festival starting at noon on Saturday. There will be Irish dancers from the Walsch Kelley School of Irish Dance at 3 PM and live music with the Justin Cody Fox Trio at 8 PM.
Steve Haydu St. Patrick's Lo-Tide Run
March 12, Carolina Beach Avenue
If you prefer to spend your holiday doing something healthy, then the 12th Annual Lo-Tide Run is for you! Choose between the 5K course or run a 10K. The best part? Your registration fees go toward organizations that seek to aid young people who are uninsured and fighting cancer. The race is held in honor of Steve Haydu, one of the founders, who lost his own battle with cancer in May of 2005.
The Celtic Tenors
March 16, Cape Fear Community College Humanities and Fine Arts Center
We've covered parades, drinking, and fitness. Now it's time for some culture! Get in the mood of the holiday with Ireland's most successful crossover artists, the Celtic Tenors. These three have charm, wit, and emotion to spare, taking the audience on a personal journey while boasting a repertoire of classical, pop, and Irish songs. Some say that The Celtic Tenors do for Irish music what Riverdance did for Irish dance. Get your tickets now and hear why!
As you can see, Wilmington is very lucky when it comes to our choices for St. Patrick's Day celebrations! Have a great holiday, and here's to hoping we all find a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.


text: If you follow my craft blog, Crafts by Amanda, you may already know this. Back in July I started working with General Mills to create crafts and recipes for their Kix Cereal brand. You can see the tutorials and recipes at KixCereal.com. I'll be sharing a new project or recipe every Wednesday. Mine will have my bio at the bottom of the post. I've worked with General Mills before on their Pillsbury and Betty Crocker brands through my food blog, Amanda's Cookin'. They are wonderful folks to work with. Hope you'll stop by!


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Activision gave Rolling Stone first dibs on the Renegade Edition tracklist for DJ Hero, featuring 12 cuts each from Jay-Z and Eminem - who recently endorsed the game by saying "the s—t is dope."
Jay-Z's set is said to be the first best-of compilation of his career, Rolling Stone reports, although another is said to be on the way in November. Eminem's set list offers a new song to be featured exclusively on the DJ Hero disc. Word is both artists personally chose their tracks.
Fun fact: That cover art above was created by artist Shepard Fairey, who produced the famous "HOPE" image of President Obama during the 2008 campaign.
Heres the full setlist for both in the Renegade Edition. Parental Advisory: Some song titles involve racial epithets.
DJ Hero Renegade: Jay-Z
"Ain't No Nigga (featuring Foxy Brown)"
"Where I'm From"
"Hard Knock Life (Ghetto Anthem)"
"Jigga My Nigga (featuring Ruff Ryders)"
"I Just Wanna Love U (Give it 2 Me)"
"Izzo (H.O.V.A.)"
"03′ Bonnie & Clyde (featuring Beyoncé Knowles)"
"Dirt Off Your Shoulder"
"Show Me What You Got"
"Roc Boys (And the Winner Is…)"
"Brooklyn Go Hard (Featuring Santigold)"
"D.O.A. (Death of Auto Tune)"
DJ Hero Renegade: Eminem
"Taking My Ball"
"Say Goodbye to Hollywood"
"The Re-Up (featuring 50 Cent)"
"Rabbit Run"
"Get U Mad"
"Bad Guys Always Die (featuring Dr. Dre)"
"Public Enemy No. 1″
"Say What You Say (featuring Dr. Dre)"
"Lose Yourself"
"Hey Lady (featuring Obie Trice)"
"One Shot 2 Shot (featuring D-12)"
New Eminem Track, Jay-Z's Biggest Hits Coming to "DJ Hero Renegade Edition" Albums [Rolling Stone via This is 50, thanks TK]


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Jeremy Eccles seems to be enjoying the trump in this story of the fashion designers whose prints were inspired by Aboriginal artists. The firm followed the principle of the droite de suite royalty in paying the artist's estate for the use of imagery from his art:
For many, Rodarte's 2012 prints were nothing more than a pretty appropriation that's gone a little further afield than New Mexico. But for Megan Davis, the academic who heads up the UNSW Indigenous Law Centre and is also a member of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, the prints were an insensitive theft of her Australian Aboriginal culture. […]
Unfortunately, Ms Davis has jumped to a whole raft of unjust conclusions here. […] Indeed, a quick check with the Aboriginal Artists' Agency which represents Papunya Tula Artists in this matter, confirmed the licence. "The widow of artist Benny Tjangala will see this use of his artworks quite differently to the professor", explained Anthony Wallis of AAA. "She will appreciate the royalty flow over the next 12 months! "
Aboriginal Art Dress Spat (Aboriginal Art News)


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Belarus: Tim Norell considering the possibility of a legal appeal
The negative reactions on Alekseev's entry at Eurovision with his song "Forever" still remain in Belarus and a new impetus was given by Tim Norell's statements.
Tim Norell, the Swedish songwriter, stated in the Swedish newspaper "Aftonbladet" that he is considering a legal appeal against EBU because they allowed Belarus to participate in the contest with that particular track.
In particular, he said:
"I will talk to my lawyer about how we will proceed and we will seek damages from EBU and the Belorussian public broadcaster BTRC for fraudulent procedures".
Tim worked with Ola Håkansson, Alexander Bard and Anders Hansson on the song "I Will not Cry," which Gunesh presented in Belarusian national selection in February. "I Will not Cry" hit the second place behind Alekseev's "Forever".
To remember just how they all started, Alekseev was at the heart of the storm when he won the first place in the national final after it was revealed that his song had been performed before September 1st – the official date before which EBU forbids the songs to be released in order to compete in the current Eurovision contest.
In January, ESCWORLDCLUB received and published a video with Alekseev singing this song on May 23rd, 2017 in Stavropol. Then many other videos were released with other similar performances.
"Forever" is considered to be an English remake of the single "Navsegda" – which also means "Forever". The controversial track is 3:45 long, but the Eurovision version is shorter and features tweaks that the artist made after talks with BTRC.
Several contestants had signed an open letter asking the broadcaster to remove Alekseev from the show and one singer (Sofi Lapina) withdrew as a protest to this.
Speaking at wiwibloggs in January, Alekseev tried to calm down the reactions by saying that his previous performances were experiments and that the current song has been reformed, so it is not actually the same song.
"I do not think it came out in May because it was released in September," he said. "On my birthday party in May, I tried to sing a part of the song" Navsegda, but it was an innovation and so I think it's a different song."
Speaking to Aftonbladet yesterday, Tim highlighted that EBU must follow its regulations to protect songwriters.
"The EBU does not follow its own rules," he said. "How, then, as a composer, will I know what's going on?, I'll let my lawyer see that".
Aftonbladet pushed EBU for an answer and received the following:
"As in previous years, it is up to each country's broadcaster to choose the appropriate representative for the Eurovision Song Contest. EBU and the host country broadcaster will ensure that all entries are compliant with the competition rules. All potential acts to the Eurovision Song Contest are examined by the EBU before by the Head of Delegation meeting in March to ensure that the songs follow the rules before their formal bidding. "
This meeting will be held on Monday 12th and we all are looking forward for the outcome.


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Why would you want to weigh at all if your balance is not calibrated?
Balance or scale calibration is essential to achieve accurate weighing results. Ignoring this important service activity turns to measure into guesswork. In other words, it is negligent to weigh with a non-calibrated balance or scale.
The accuracy of balances and scales becomes less reliable over time. This is the result of normal wear and tear caused by regular use and external factors such as mechanical shocks or hazardous environments. This may lead to a rather quick degradation or deterioration over a longer time. Periodically scheduled balance calibration in combination with frequent routine testing greatly enhances the lifetime of your balance or scale and its weighing accuracy.
What is Calibration?
In simple terms, calibration is a quantitative comparison. To check the reading of a balance or scale, a reference weight is placed on the pan. The error is defined as the difference between the measured value (the reading) and the true value (the reference weight). The question of whether this error is trustworthy or not will be outlined below. At the end of balance calibration, a certificate is created, which reports the balance or scales readings and compares them to a reference value. Applied tolerances result in a Pass/Fail statement.


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Our History & Our Mission
At Rooftop Films, we believe that film is powerful, not only as a creative medium, but as a vehicle for engaging in valuable dialogue with one another about the issues facing our communities. By bringing films directly to audiences, we foster connections between neighbors, artists, activists, youth and the unique spaces we all share.
A growing nonprofit organization, our mission at Rooftop Films is to engage and inspire diverse communities by showcasing the work of emerging filmmakers in outdoor locations, helping filmmakers to produce new films, and renting equipment & supporting film screenings citywide at low-cost to artists, nonprofits and community groups.
Founded in 1997 by filmmaker Mark Elijah Rosenberg, Rooftop Films set out to highlight innovative work from first time filmmakers, outsider artists, and underrepresented directors, as well as seasoned film professionals.
Since then, Rooftop Films has become more than a film festival. We are a community. For over 26 years, Rooftop Films has been championing the work of independent filmmakers and bringing films rooted in compassion, solidarity, learning, togetherness, exploration, and inspiration to tens of thousands of people across all five boroughs of New York City.
Our Signature Programs
Rooftop Films Summer Series
Our core program, the only outdoor festival of its kind, screening site-specific programs of new independent films throughout NYC from May to August. Our screenings are more than just film screenings—they are cinema events featuring live music, immersive performances, filmmaker Q&As, and huge after-parties. We host over 40 outdoor movie events with more than 48,000 attendees per summer in outdoor locations throughout New York City.
Rooftop Filmmakers Fund
Rooftop Films not only exhibits films from around the world, we also support our alumni filmmakers by helping them produce their next film through the Rooftop Filmmakers Fund. Every filmmaker who has ever shown a film with Rooftop Films (now over 2,750) is eligible for our grants. We commit $1 of every ticket sold and every film submission fee to the fund as well as provide service grants from our partner organizations.
The Rooftop Filmmakers Fund is an opportunity to help our community of filmmakers make their next movie. Rooftop Films set aside $1 from every ticket sold and $1 from every submission fee received and grants those funds out to our alumni filmmakers for their future film productions. We've been screening films since 1997, and every filmmaker who has ever shown a film with Rooftop is eligible for our grants. Rooftop Films has eleven grants available annually—seven for feature length films and four for short films. Each year, Rooftop Films will give away over $45,000 in cash grants and more than $300,000 in in-kind equipment and service partners.
Rooftop Community Fund
In an effort to support truly independent screenings, Rooftop makes all its film/video exhibition equipment, as well as our event production expertise, available to the public through low-cost or free rentals. Each year, we donate and discount tens of thousands of dollars worth of equipment and services to artists, nonprofits, and community groups. From individual artists, local neighborhood organizations to larger community organizations, Rooftop provides a vital support system and resource to our community in all five boroughs.


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Today I have a sneak peek from my Justrite One Day Special which starts tomorrow night at 8pm on Hochanda.
Coconut White Card using the Couture Creations Ooh La La Embossing Folder.
I stamped the image from the Justrite Large Oval Celebration Stamp Set using Clear Perfect Medium and embossed with CS Black Detail Embossing Powder. I coloured in with CS Summer Garden Watercolour Set using a Water Brush. I cut it out using the middle sized oval cutting die from the Justrite Hope Oval Frames Die Set. I used the dies either side of that one to cut a frame out of Sky Blue Card.
Justrite A2 Card Front Basics Die Set out of Sky Blue Card (this die set is my favourite from the shows and I think it'll be the first sell out - more on that tomorrow).
I assembled the card as shown piercing around the edges using my Tim Holtz Ruler, Precision Probe and Piercing Mat.
The winner of the card from Freebie Friday on 3rd June is.....................
Thanks for stopping by.
Free card with all website orders (ask for one in the comments box at checkout).
Deal of the Day today (6th June) - Sue Wilson Ornate Frame : Brighter Days only £13.99!


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Judge rejects Manafort bid to suppress storage-unit evidence
A federal judge Thursday rejected former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort's bid to suppress key evidence from his upcoming criminal trial.
U.S. District Court Judge Amy Berman Jackson sided with special counsel Robert Mueller and against a motion from Manafort lawyers who argued that materials the FBI seized last May from a self-storage owned by Manafort's firm were taken in violation of Manafort's constitutional rights.
The FBI initially entered Manafort's storage unit in Alexandria, Virginia, with consent from one of his employees but without a warrant. An agent the same day then described what he saw in his application to a magistrate judge for a warrant, noting there were "approximately 21 bankers' boxes that could contain documents, as well as a five-drawer metal filing cabinet" that might be relevant to the investigation.
Manafort was indicted by Mueller's grand jury last October in Washington, D.C. The longtime GOP operative was charged with money laundering and acting as a foreign agent without registering with the Justice Department. The special counsel has also indicted Manafort in Virginia on charges that include tax fraud, bank fraud and failing to report foreign bank accounts. That trial is scheduled to begin July 25.
The former Trump campaign chairman, who has pleaded not guilty to all the charges, was placed under house arrest after his initial October indictment. But Jackson last Friday ordered the ex-Trump aide jailed pending his trials after prosecutors claimed Manafort attempted to tamper with the testimony of two potential witnesses in the Washington case.
Ahead of the Washington trial, which is slated to begin Sept. 17, Manafort's defense team tried to get the storage-locker evidence suppressed from the case by claiming the agent's initial entry was illegal because the employee didn't have the authority to let them into the locker. His lawyers also argued that the warrant was too broad and that the FBI took more from the locker than the warrant allowed.
But Jackson rejected the defendant's pleading, noting the employee who allowed the FBI agent into the unit was identified as the lessee of the locker, had a key to the premises and also gave the bureau written permission to go inside.
"Law enforcement agents do not need a warrant to enter a location if they have voluntary consent, and they do not need to have the consent of the person under investigation if they receive permission from a third party who has, or who reasonably appears to have, common authority over the place to be searched," she wrote in her 36-page opinion. "Therefore, the preliminary inspection of the unit falls within the consent exception to the warrant requirement."
Jackson's ruling Thursday also said the FBI did not violate Manafort's Fourth Amendment rights because the agent submitted an affidavit explaining the reasons "to believe that Manafort had been engaged in criminal activity in the conduct of his business, and that his business records had been moved to, and remained in, the locker rented for that purpose."
She also said the warrant was not overbroad since it called for records related to specific offenses.
"And even if this Court were to conclude that the warrant could or should be have been more tightly drawn, the agents relied in good faith on a warrant that had been reviewed and signed by a United States Magistrate Judge, and therefore, the evidence seized during the execution of the warrant should not, and will not, be excluded," she wrote.
Jackson's ruling Thursday applies only to Manafort's Washington trial. A separate motion from Manafort raising the same issues ahead of his Virginia trial are still awaiting arguments and a judge's ruling.
In a separate order Thursday, Jackson spelled out three directives for Manafort while he's being held in a Warsaw, Virginia, jail. He must be confined "to the extent practicable" apart from other inmates awaiting or serving sentences or being held in custody pending an appeal; have a "reasonable opportunity" to meet in private with his attorneys; and be brought to the court for any proceedings if summoned by the judge or a Mueller attorney.
Josh Gerstein contributed to this report.


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The students behind the sign comparing Humboldt to genitalia discuss their curated material
Humboldt State University has been abuzz in the last few weeks with speculation about a photo of a joke written on a sign by women. This photo, taken by myself, was printed in a parody newspaper, The Dumberjack. The Dumberjack, while produced as parody of The Lumberjack, is created as part of a separate class.
The stated intention behind the sign was to poke fun at the Humboldt County climate by relating the rainy weather to female genitalia. Six girls, Caroline Voorhees, Marian Porter, Rashell Martell, Sabrina Ott, Shannon Coburn and Whitney Burns, live in a College Creek apartment together. The original creator of the sign was Caroline Voorhees, but all of the girls have their own take on the sign's meaning.
Question: What are your feelings toward the sign?
Marian Porter: "I personally thought it was funny. There definitely were no negative intentions for the sign. Before Caroline puts out a new sign, we all give our consent to what is being represented to our dorm."
Caroline Voorhees: "I felt bad that I might have hurt someone's feelings and hurt their day. Being the person who wrote the sign, I never would have thought about it as being non-consensual. I wouldn't want to hurt someone's feelings or make them feel like I was making light on their bad situation. That wasn't what I was trying to do, I was trying to talk about sex culture and have fun."
Whitney Burns: "I also think anyone can read anything and take it in a wrong way which shouldn't stop people from making jokes."
Rashell Martell: "I was actually the one to find out our sign was the one being talked about in the email and I mentioned it to everyone in our group chat. More or less I found it funny. Even though I didn't make the sign, I gave consent for the sign to be put out. I guess I am sort of happy the school takes things seriously, but they should focus on other things because there are other things more important than a dorm sign."
Shannon Coburn: "I didn't think anything of it and I thought we had so many worse signs. I could see how you can take it that way if you wanted to, but it was weird that they focused their time on a sign and not things that are actually happening on campus."
Sabrina Ott: "It seems like they blew things out of proportions and it doesn't seem like something people are focusing so much on. I also felt really bad for the newspaper. We were more worried that the newspaper took fault for something we did."
Question: Did you think the sign meant what HSU administration decided it meant?
Caroline Voorhees: "When you are in a frame of mind to read something negatively you will. Whoever misinterpreted my joke must have been having a bad day, or had a friend that had a bad encounter, and that wasn't the purpose of the sign. I feel bad for those people who are going through something in their life in order for them to think that statement was negative, because it was a positive statement."
Question: How did you personally come up with the joke?
Caroline Voorhees: "It started off as just a joke living in Humboldt where it is raining all the time, but the other part came about because I did a paper on sex positivity and culture about sex and how it is not talked about often. It is definitely shamed, for women especially. So I tried to incorporate that with the weather and being sex positive and how you should enjoy yourself before you have sex with someone and how everyone should be happy all the time."
A message from the whole dorm: "We do take people's opinions and complaints seriously and we are sorry that we hurt anyone's feelings, but that is not going to change our sense of humor and we will try to be more mindful in the future."


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PHOENIX — Arizona Diamondbacks right-hander Mike Leake is one of the first players to opt out of the 2020 season due to concerns about the coronavirus.
Diamondbacks general manager Mike Hazen announced Leake's decision Monday, shortly before Washington teammates Ryan Zimmerman and Joe Ross opted out of the virus-shortened season.
"During this global pandemic, Mike and his family had many discussions about playing this season," Leake's agent, Danny Horwits, said in a statement Monday. "They took countless factors into consideration, many of which are personal to him and his family. After thorough consideration, he has chosen to opt out of playing in 2020. This was not an easy decision for Mike. He wishes the best of luck and health for his Diamondback teammates this season and he's looking forward to 2021."
Hazen also said two players on Arizona's 60-man roster tested positive for COVID-19, as did another player not in Arizona.
The 32-year-old Leake started 10 games for Arizona after being traded from Seattle for outfielder Jose Caballero and cash in a 2019 deadline deal. Leake went 3-3 with a 4.35 ERA with Arizona and earned his first AL Gold Glove Award for his time with the Mariners.
Leake was included in the Diamondbacks' 60-player pool released earlier Monday, but will be moved in a later transaction. He was expected to compete for a spot in the Diamondbacks' starting rotation during the 60-game season.
"It definitely impacts us," Hazen said. "Certainly, he's a good major league starting pitcher. To what extent it's going to impact us, it's hard to say. I think I would probably have a different answer if it was over 162 (games) as opposed to if it was over 60."
Major League Baseball is allowing players with preexisting medical conditions or compromised immune systems to opt out of the 2020 season, but Hazen would not elaborate about whether Leake falls under that category. Leake was due $5,555,556 as the prorated share of his $15 million salary.
His contract includes an $18 million club option for 2021 with a $5 million buyout.
The Diamondbacks also will be without two international prospects due to travel issues during the pandemic: outfielder Kristian Robinson of the Bahamas and Brazilian right-hander Bo Takahashi.
Right-hander Silvino Bracho was not in Arizona's 60-man pool after he sustained elbow stiffness while trying to rehabilitate from Tommy John surgery last year.


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Simple realities about synthetic urine
A medication test includes the study of a characteristic precedent that might be the hair, breathing, blood, urine, spit or sweat. The examination is most an important section of the time utilized to find improper use of pharmaceutical drug: they may acknowledge the nearness of steroids in contenders nearby the nearness of declined compounds like cannabis, cocaine and heroin. The likeliness of achieving Optimistic and certain brings about the prescribed examination varies considering a number of things. The level of test being destitute down, the fabric it is actually getting discovered for, the way of measuring the chemical provide near by the patient's standard actual success might have any type of affect to what's referred to as the recognizable confirmation home window.
This windowpane could be the time allotment within the pharmaceutical is presumably will be sought. By technique for occasion, liquor is located in the urine as long as 80 hrs anyhow it perfectly might be discovered with the locks for up to two times. Moreover, cocaine is available by way of appraisals for upwards of ten days pursuing ingestion (in viewpoint on the individual and amount acknowledged) nevertheless it may be organized through the locks all around 90 days this way. What's far more, when medications enter the body, they show a compound known as a metabolite. This could an important part of the time be studied after to acquire a significantly in the future point compared to the remedy and give a progressively specific depiction of their use.
Considering the Biological precedent getting destitute down, the methods of information modify. Initially, the version received is examined to make sure no altering or naughtiness has transpired. Secondly, the precedent should be creating for testing. Planning is not frequently required for water precedents anyway lock, by technique for occasion, needs to be cleaned and likewise the keratin in the model remote. Using the model is readied, it ruins a screening and when it exams optimistic for a presumed compound, at that time crider center synthetic urine affirmation examination is important. This last examination is significantly correct and includes volume spectrometry.
Head of hair tests are as frequently as conceivable the ideal and exact strategy for synthetic urine audits. It is a results of the lengthy revelation window as the velocity of your hair improvement is very average (merely 1cm persistently), a 3cm circumstance of stingy condition may be used to select sedate use dating back to three weeks. By doing this, locks come with an unmistakably more extensive time than that of urine or oral water: synthetic compounds that happen to be revived and removed off their whole body in the expression time between occasions. The blood vessels construction involves the information on the hair follicles. Thusly, warning signs of this material are stored in the head of hair shines as your hair helps make. The hair strand As opposed to the head of hair follicle is inspected considering the fact that it provides an increasingly accurate result.


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Just-Eat, the online food ordering giant of Europe, is continuing its rapid expansion, working out a partnership / acquisition deal with Alloresto.fr, the online food delivery leader in France. Just-Eat CEO Klaus Nyengaard, who blogged about the deal here, tells me it took over a year to work out the arrangement.
In an initial phase, Alloresto will be run as a joint-venture between the two companies, and after 'a few years' Just-Eat will acquire the remaining shares. Sebastien Forrest, founder and CEO of Alloresto, will continue to head the company as part of the deal terms.
Nyengaard declined to disclose the financial terms of the transaction, but says Just-Eat will invest "several tens of millions of euros" in Alloresto over the next few years, including the earn-out part of the deal. The official press release says Just-Eat will invest 20 million euros in the business over a period of three years.
He also tells me Alloresto is almost as big as Takeaway.com, its freshly-funded rival in Europe, in terms of revenues. Alloresto has partnered with 2,500 restaurants in France, one of the largest food delivery markets in Europe.
Just-Eat is now operational in 16 countries, and boasts 500-600 employees. In March 2011, the company raised $48 million to bankroll this type of deals and scale globally.


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New Logistics Model Developed
The German-based Deutsche Post DHL Group has collaborated with Cranfield University and the Ellen MacArthur Foundation's Circular Economy 100 initiative to develop a new logistics model to support efforts to expand the circular economy.
In a new report published in April – "Waste not, want not. Capturing the value of the circular economy through reverse logistics" – the partners have introduced the Reverse Logistics Maturity Model, a practical tool that helps organizations to map out and continuously improve reverse logistics processes for their products.
The circular economy aims to reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy, and to ensure more sustainable, regenerative production and consumption patterns through the circular flow of goods. Reverse logistics plays a critical role in this sector by enabling the return of products and components for refurbishment, recycling, redistribution, or extraction and re-use of their useful materials.
The Reverse Logistics Maturity Model was developed based on company interviews, exploratory workshops, as well as applied logistics and academic expertise. "As a first step, the model identifies three main 'archetypes' – base scenarios and requirements for reverse logistics set-up, driven by different product and business model attributes," Deutsche Post DHL gave account. "It then provides a template for mapping out reverse logistics activities based on their place in the circular economy value chain and their decision dimension within an organization. After this, it looks at 'maturity' – the level of sophistication of project management that is being applied to the reverse logistics activities. Once these steps have been undertaken, organizations can identify how to reach a level of continuous improvement in their supply chain and move further on the path to a circular economy."
www.dpdhl.com/circulareconomy, www.cranfield.ac.uk, www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/ce100
Photo: pixabay


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Darrell L. Henderson, MD performs surgical procedures such as Mohs Micrographic Surgery on patients in Lafayette, LA to remove skin tumors with minimal scarring.
What Are Skin Tumors?
The word "tumor" is used in the medical community to describe any type of abnormal growth, such as a growth on your skin.
Benefits of Skin Tumor Removal
- Minimal damage to surrounding tissue
- Reconstruction of the treatment site is possible during the same visit
- Maximal cosmetic results
Skin Tumor Removal Procedure
While the majority of skin tumors diagnosed are not cancerous, during your consultation our surgeons will examine the area of concern and if needed, order a biopsy of the tumor to rule out malignancy. Most operations will be done under local anesthesia and once the site of the tumor is cleaned, a thin layer of tissue will be removed. Our goals include the following:
- Complete removal of the tumor
- Reconstruction of the surgical wound so as to optimize the aesthetic result.
- Keep the surgical wound as small as possible given the size of the tumor.
After the tumor is removed, a decision is made on the best method for treating the wound created by the surgery. These methods include:
- Letting the wound heal by itself
- Closing the wound in a side to side fashion with stitches
- Closing the wound with a skin graft or a flap.
Preparing for Skin Tumor Removal
Any type of invasive operative procedure will leave behind a scar, and skin tumor procedures are no exception. Our qualified plastic surgeons not only offer you extensive surgical experience, they also offer skills and training in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery which allows them to remove your tumor while simultaneously minimizing expected scarring.
Skin Tumor Removal Recovery
Typical recovery depends on the location, size of the defect, what type of reconstruction was required. If necessary, sutures are removed for most sites at a week and in most cases it takes a full 6-12 months to get the final cosmetic result. A follow-up visit with your surgeon will be scheduled after the procedure to discuss biopsy results and ensure proper healing.*
*Take note individual results may vary
What Does Skin Tumor Removal Cost?
We accept most insurance including workers' comp and we offer financing options through CareCredit®. The total cost depends on the procedure. After your consultation appointment, we give you a total cost that includes anesthesia, pre- and post-operative care, and other associated costs. To learn more, call our office today.
Why Choose Darrell L. Henderson, MD
- We are the premier providers for reconstruction in Lafayette.
- Our team of surgical experts are highly qualified to perform a number of different reconstruction procedures.
- We offer a personalized and individualized treatment approach.
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Over the years, I have treated myself as a guinea pig. I've been on different exercise programs and diets. Not only have I challenged my physical limitations day in and day out, but I have also put myself through several diets ranging from the Zone Diet to personally designed time-restricted diets. Through constant trial and error, I have seen great results in myself, and I am excited to share my experiences and professional opinions with you on this blog.
My passion for fitness comes from an insatiable curiosity to learn various ways to increase physical performance, maintain a healthy diet, and to keep an active lifestyle. As a certified personal trainer, I provide personal training services and design customized workouts. I enjoy working with people and believe that fitness can be fun and rewarding. You just need to have a great attitude and lots of enthusiasm.
Are you ready to become a Sweaty Guinea Pig?


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Senior/Expert Engineer (f/m/d) for BTP Core Platform Security Engineering at SAP (Berlin, Germany)
Location: Berlin, Germany
Type: Full Time
Created: 2021-07-23 05:01:23
Apply Here
What we offer
Our company culture is focused on helping our employees enable innovation by building breakthroughs together. How? We focus every day on building the foundation for tomorrow and creating a workplace that embraces differences, values flexibility, and is aligned to our purpose-driven and future-focused work. We offer a highly collaborative, caring team environment with a strong focus on learning and development, recognition for your individual contributions, and a variety of benefit options for you to choose from. Apply now!
Summary & Role Information
Being a part of SAPs BTP Core Security Control Plane provides our team members with a unique and exciting place to work. We not only enjoy working with cloud-native technologies, building security services at the center of the cloud platform with high impact, bringing our ideas to life, shipping code into production, and seeing the impact you create but with the added benefit of knowing were fighting to protect SAPs customers most critical business data in the cloud.
We have created many positions in our unit Platform Security Engineering for experienced and junior developers and cybersecurity experts to ideate, build and create our next generation of security defense technologies in the Cloud in an agile environment. Identity and Access Management (IAM) with a focus on authorization, cryptography and public key infrastructures, geo-blocking, and advanced policy systems are just a brief example of what we do at Platform Security Engineering and what well continue to innovate. Bring your skills and join our team of security developers, and youll grow into that cyber defense engineer the world needs today
Role Requirements
- A good degree in computer science, software engineering, or similar (Bachelor/Master)
- Excellent development skills in Go or Node.js
- Experience with Security and Cybersecurity
- Experience with Kubernetes and container technology
- Experience working in agile software development processes (Scrum)
- Experience working both independently and in a team-oriented, collaborative environment
- Excellent communication and presentation skills
- Fluent in English (written and verbal)
- Positive mindset, team player, humble, transparent, and highly adaptable
- Curiosity and track record for quickly learning new technologies, concepts, and tools
About the team
The T&I BTP Core Security Control Plane department carries the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) mandate and also develops key security services and components that are used within our platform and across our applications. The newly founded Platform Security Engineering unit within the Security Control Plane department will be responsible for developing security-related services related to new initiatives like service mesh or policy-based authorization. As such, it addresses architectural and conceptional questions to ensure engineering excellence, executes implementation projects across teams, and conducts reliable operations of our services. We also proudly provide the Custom Domain Certificate Service, Certificate Service, GBaaS Service, the SAP Crypto Library, and SAP SSO solution.
#SAPBTPCoreCareers #SAPBTPCoreSecurityCareers #SOFEJP
We are SAP
SAP innovations help more than 400,000 customers worldwide work together more efficiently and use business insight more effectively. Originally known for leadership in enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, SAP has evolved to become a market leader in end-to-end business application software and related services for database, analytics, intelligent technologies, and experience management. As a cloud company with 200 million users and more than 100,000 employees worldwide, we are purpose-driven and future-focused, with a highly collaborative team ethic and commitment to personal development. Whether connecting global industries, people, or platforms, we help ensure every challenge gets the solution it deserves. At SAP, we build breakthroughs, together.
Our inclusion promise
SAPs culture of inclusion, focus on health and well-being, and flexible working models help ensure that everyone regardless of background feels included and can run at their best. At SAP, we believe we are made stronger by the unique capabilities and qualities that each person brings to our company, and we invest in our employees to inspire confidence and help everyone realize their full potential. We ultimately believe in unleashing all talent and creating a better and more equitable world.
SAP is proud to be an equal opportunity workplace and is an affirmative action employer. We are committed to the values of Equal Employment Opportunity and provide accessibility accommodations to applicants with physical and/or mental disabilities. If you are interested in applying for employment with SAP and are in need of accommodation or special assistance to navigate our website or to complete your application, please send an e-mail with your request to Recruiting Operations Team: Americas: [email protected] or [email protected], APJ: [email protected], EMEA: [email protected].
EOE AA M/F/Vet/Disability:Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to their age, race, religion, national origin, ethnicity, age, gender (including pregnancy, childbirth, et al), sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, protected veteran status, or disability.
Successful candidates might be required to undergo a background verification with an external vendor.
Requisition ID:294889 | Work Area: Software-Development Operations | Expected Travel: 0 - 10% | Career Status: Berufserfahren | Employment Type: Vollzeit, unbefristet | Additional Locations: Virtuell - Deutschland


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An assessment of the impacted cell examples taken by biopsy might also help establish a hidden reason for the edema. A checkup might expose unusual weight gain. You might require to cover the ankle or put on compression stockings until your body returns to normal if you have swollen ankle joints and feet because you have endured an injury. Without that additional assistance from relocating muscle mass, however, blood and also liquid can merge in the ankles and also feet. Hence, liquid collects in the legs and also is displaced off the capillary right into the adjacent cells (feet and also ankles). Single-limb or local edema might arise from injuries, such as from a cars and truck mishap, burns, blockage in an artery (because of a blood embolism), call with poisonous representatives, such as a serpent bite or sting, uncommon cells development (called neoplasia) in the lymphatic cells of the body, or high stress in the capillary liquids.
Added analysis treatments might consist of pee chest, evaluation as well as lung X-rays, and also an electrocardiogram to gauge the heart's capability. Individuals with persistent lung conditions can experience major Causes of Swollen Ankles because of poisonous mold and mildews. Such extra support group can aid them in a smoother shift to the typical life. When extensive inpatient treatment is supplied, the client will certainly obtain all the time treatment, along with psychological aid, team treatment, specific treatment, and also alternate treatments that can aid in the recovery of any underlying psychological wellness concerns. Because ladies make fifty percent of the human race, unique healthcare should be absorbed to stay clear of hazardous effects. He is an expert that concentrates on the treatment, medical diagnosis, and also recovery of females' health and wellness issues like reproductive as well as hormone health and wellness of every ladies.
If you would certainly such as to discover even more regarding just how this condition influences felines, please browse through this web page in the PetMD wellness collection. Local or generalized edema, which is not concentrated in an isolated location or arm or leg, might arise from infections, such as a severe microbial infection, congestive heart failing, kidney failing, the tourniquet result of plaster also bound limited, or hypernatremia, an illness in which the kidneys keep extreme quantities of salt.


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To promote clinical and basic research in the field of human health throughout Canada, to lobby for adequate research funding at the federal, regional and local levels, and to support Canadian researchers in their endeavours and at all stages of their careers.
The Society still fulfils its original mandate today. It has evolved, however, to include the active promotion of clinical science and lobbying for support of basic and applied biomedical research from the federal and provincial governments. CSCI strives to provide a voice for young clinician investigators in the early stages of their career, CIP trainees and MD/PhD students. CSCI members represent researchers across Canada who are studying issues of disease and health care across the spectrum, from basic research to issues of scientific education and training to the delivery of health care programs in Canada.
The Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI) was founded in 1951 and its original purpose was to provide a forum for the exchange of scientific information. It was envisaged as a "travel club for those interested in clinical investigation in Canada". As detailed by J.S.L. Browne, one of the four founding members of the CSCI, the idea was for it to be a very informal organization and not a society.
Its first meeting was attended by 44 people and was an outstanding success. Over the next several years, discussion continued as to the proposed nature, structure and organization of a society for Canadian clinical investigators. These discussions culminated in the formation of the CSCI in 1959. Its first meeting was held in Vancouver that year. CSCI now hosts the Annual Young Investigators Forum and its annual meeting is now held conjointly with the annual meeting of the Clinician Investigators Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC).
The CSCI is composed of individuals interested and active in clinical investigation from across the country. Membership is open to those who are interested and active in clinical research.
The Executive of the Society consists of 5 members: the President, President-Elect, Vice-President, Past-President and Secretary-Treasurer. The Council consists of representatives from all medical schools across Canada and the Editor of CIM.


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The New Yobstick
At last, I finally got around to finishing the new yobstick. It's quite a departure from previous efforts – lots of natural wood and more emphasis on playability instead of durability. I've only played it for a short time tonight, but it feels great and sounds lovely (far better than a stick with a welly at one end and a load of bottle tops at the other should do!)
I'll stick some audio clips up once I've worked out how to mic the damn thing up. Imagine a drum kit that moves… I may need to get contact mics for it to work, but it is in effect three linked sound sources, so a single mic won't do it justice, and certainly wouldn't make it easy to be heard over electric instruments.
This picture of it makes it look somewhat scrawny, but looks aren't everything. I've set out the process I used to put it together over on the Deserters' page, under Instrumentography, so you can get a flavour for what is required to build one, and find out really interesting facts like "who makes the best bottletops for a yobstick?"
I've also been experimenting with some software called "SooperLooper", which turns a standard Linux PC into a long controllable delay loop. I've worked out how to get some control over it with my guitar effects pedal, to the extent of being able to play a series of chords, then bass, then solo over the top. Once I'm more familiar with it I'm hoping to be able to set up a rhythm with the yobstick and guitar, then play theremin over the top. Early days, but if I can get it working together and hit the timing spot on, then it could sound pretty good.


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Visiting Carnarvon Gorge safely
Getting there and getting around
Carnarvon Gorge is between Roma and Emerald. From Roma, drive 90km north to Injune then a further 111km along the Carnarvon Highway to the signed Carnarvon Gorge turn-off. From Emerald, drive 65km south to Springsure then 70km east to Rolleston, and a further 61km to the Carnarvon turnoff.
No fuel is available after leaving Rolleston or Injune. The nearest vehicle and tyre repair facilities are at Injune and Rolleston.
The 45km road into the park from the Carnarvon Highway is sealed and is suitable for conventional vehicles and caravans. Be careful. Carnarvon creek rises rapidly after heavy rain and can make access impassable. Please check with Department of Transport and Main Roads (13 19 40) or RACQ for the latest road conditions.
Wheelchair accessibility
The Carnarvon Gorge visitor area has wheelchair-accessible picnic tables and disability car parking.
Staying safe
To enjoy a safe visit to this area, please be well prepared and use sound judgment.
- Take care on the many rocky creek crossings. Stepping stones can be slippery or unstable. Serious injury has occurred to visitors as a result of falling on the rocks. Wear appropriate footwear with a good grip and consider purchasing hiking poles to assist you.
- Take care and keep away from cliff edges—they can be deceptive and are often closer than you think. Sandstone is brittle and may crumble unexpectedly. Please supervise children at all times.
- Carry plenty of water with you. Creek water is not suitable for drinking unless properly treated. There are water taps available in the national park camping and day-use area, though all water needs to be treated before consumption.
- Falling trees and limbs, flash flooding and rock falls occur naturally. Avoid natural hazards by not walking in extreme weather.
- Protect yourself from the sun. Wear sunscreen, a hat, sunglasses and a long-sleeved shirt, even on cloudy days.
- Wear insect repellent, clothing and sturdy footwear to protect you from stings, scratches and bites.
- Never dive or jump into any creek or waterhole. Shallow water and submerged objects present a serious risk. You may be severely injured or killed.
Walking safely
No matter what type of walk you intend to do, you should always plan ahead to walk safely. Judge your ability and conditions carefully before setting out, even on short walks. Do not expect to be warned of every possible danger. Learn as much as you can about the terrain and local conditions and make sure that you wear appropriate clothing and reliable gear. Choose walks that suit the capabilities of your entire group. Stay together and keep to the walking tracks.
Most importantly, you should always advise friends of your itinerary before departing for a walk, particularly if you are planning on remote walking in the park. Whether on a day walk or longer trek, you should plan to finish walking well before dark. If walking in thick forest, it will get dark much earlier, so carry a torch, even if you are on a day walk.
When walking, stay together as a group and walk at the pace of the slowest person. Fatigue on long walks raises the risk of accidents and an injury in remote country can become life-threatening.
By planning ahead, you will not only have a memorable trip, but also a safe one.
In an emergency
In case of accident or other emergency call Triple Zero (000).
There is limited and unreliable mobile phone coverage within the Carnarvon Gorge section of Carnarvon National Park.
Satellite phones can be used at Carnarvon Gorge. Consider taking a Personal Location Beacon (PLB). If you have a PLB, it should only be activated in a life-threatening emergency situation, when there is no alternative way to raise assistance.
The nearest hospital, with a full-time doctor and access to flying doctor facilities, is at Injune, 111km south of Carnarvon Gorge.
For more information, please read the guidelines on safety in parks and forests.
Before you visit
Essentials to bring
- A first-aid kit and first-aid book
- An animal-proof sealable rubbish container (bins are not provided)
- A fuel stove and fuel if camping at Big Bend camping area or in remote areas
- A hat, sunscreen and sunglasses
- A torch and some extra food
- Sensible footwear—boots or strong shoes
- Carry adequate fresh water when walking—at least 2 litres per person. Bring water purification tablets to treat water before drinking if camping or walking in remote locations
- Hiking poles (walking sticks are not to be collected from the National Park).
Drinking water
There are water taps available in the Carnarvon Gorge camping and day-use area. All water needs to be treated before consumption. If camping or walking in remote locations treat water before drinking.
Opening hours
Carnarvon National Park is open 24 hours a day.
The Carnarvon Gorge Visitor Information Centre is open every day 8am to 4pm (except Christmas Day). The visitor centre offers free Wi-Fi from 8am to 4pm every day, and there is also access to public phone 24hrs a day. Check park alerts for the latest information on access, closures and conditions in the national park.
Please note: Camping in the national park visitor area is available during the Easter, June-July and September-October Queensland school holiday periods only. Big Bend camping area, reached by a 19.4km return walk, is open all year. For more details, see the camping information page.
Permits and fees
Camping permits are required and fees apply. A tag with your booking number must be displayed at your campsite.
- Book your campsite online.
- If you cannot book online, see camping bookings for other options.
Domestic animals are not permitted anywhere in Carnarvon National Park.
Climate and weather
Temperatures in this region vary widely.
Summer days generally exceed 35°C. If visiting in summer you should plan to walk early in the morning, as later in the day it can become very hot, with occasional thunderstorms and flash flooding.
In winter the nights can be cool with temperatures falling to freezing point.
Average yearly rainfall is 600–800mm per year, with most rain falling through the storm season of October to April. For more information see the tourism information links or the Bureau of Meteorology.
Traffic and road conditions
After heavy rain, the access road may become impassable. Creeks are subject to flooding. Check with the Department of Transport and Main Roads (13 19 40) for local and main road conditions before setting out.
Fuel and supplies
Fuel and supplies can be bought from either Rolleston, 106km north of the park, or Injune, 111km south. LPG fuel is only supplied at Emerald (196km north-west) or Roma (201km south). For more information see the tourism information links.
- There are currently no park alerts for this park.


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Photoblog: Rain Food
It has been raining a lot these days in Korea. Afterall, it is the rainy season: chang ma chul 장마철. I find that the best rainy day foods are O-deng and Dukkbokki. Busan: 부산, is known to have the best O-deng in the country and I found this little shop right across from Hyochang Park near the back entrance of Sookmyeong Woman's University.
O-deng is basically a fish cake made from the bits and pieces of leftover fish that are pressed together and fried. It's kinda like fish sausage, but without the casing. Don't think about how it's made (if you think about how much of our food is made, you would definitely lose your appetite.). In this picture is one of my favorite variations. It is cheese O-deng, so it has a oozy cheezy center.
And you can't forget about getting some dukkbokki when it rains. It's damn good and you can ask nicely, you can get some of the sauce to dip your O-deng in.
Here's another O-deng variation: Jap Chae and vegetable O-deng.
Another food I love to eat when it rains is Kimchi Chiggae. This is the chiggae over at Namsan Kimchi Chiggae across from Noksopyeong Station. It's on the main drag with Taco Taco Chili Chili, Thunder Burger, and Istanbul. They have good "serve yourself" side dishes and the kimchi stew is quite good. It's a rich bowl of red with chunks of pork, but I prefer a sourer, aged kimchi.
When it rains, you've gotta have coffee and down the street from Namsan Kimchi Chiggae is Standing Coffee. They serve big cups of coffee with unlimited shots of espresso (No joke. If you want an additional double shot added to your triple mocha latte, they'll do it.) You can even get a Russian Coffee: coffee with vodka, if you so desire.